■. -'- l^'■ ^ -^^^ simWy-ii ^ J^ /.^r-^'. x'^^" ■\^ % 0" ,',^^;^ K^^\. A^^V.' .^■^ .*^ '^ ^\ ^..vX"^ *:..*, s o > av'^ --.^v s <^.. '^^.•^'' ^ - Al ^ Wyandotte County ^n^Kan^GL^ City, KA.NSA.S. Historical ^Biographical. COMF-msiX^G A condensed Ilistoi-y of the Stnte, a Careful //is tor v of Wvanc/otte County, nnd a Comprehensive History of tiie GroM til of t72e Cities, Towns nnd Villages. /I.Z. iJS Ti? A TGD. CHICJi.GO : THE GOODSI'EED PUBLISHIJiG COMF^INY, ISOO. ^^6 PREFACE. ^ HIS volume has beeu prepared in response to the prevailing and popular demand for the pres- ervation of local history and biography. The method of preparation followed is the most suc- cessful and the most satisfactory yet devised — the most successful in the enormous number of volumes circulated, and the most satisfactory in the general preservation of personal biography and family record conjointly with local history. The number of volumes now being distributed seems fab- ulous. Careful estimates place the number circulated in Ohio at 50,000 volumes; Pennsylvania, 60,000; New York, 75,000; Indiana, 40,000; Illinois, 40,000; Iowa, 35,000; Missouri, '25,000; Minnesota, 15,000; Nebras- ka, 15,000, and all the other States at the same propor- tionate rate. The publishers have few. if any, excuses to offer in handing this fine volume to their patrons. What errors, if any, occur in the historical department are trivial, and do not in any sense detract from the real merits of the work. Such mistakes as are found in the biographies are wholly the fault of the subjects, as proof was mailed to each for revision and correction, and in a number of instances was never returned, thus necessitating going to press without such assistance. In the preparation of this volume the publishers have met with nothing but courtesy and assistance from the public. The subscription list was much smaller than the pub- lishers hoped and expected to receive; and although the margin of profit was thus cut down to the lowest limit, no curtailment or omis- sion of matter was made fi'om the original extensive design of the work. No subject promised is omitted, and many not promised are given. The publishers call special attention to the great quantity of fact crowded into the volume, and to its fine mechanical execution. With many thanks to our friends for the success of our difBcult enter- prise, we respectfully tender this fine volume to our patrons. September, 1890. THE PUBLISHERS. ^i -A- ' — ®fv .u CONTENTS. HISTORY OF KANSAS. CHAPTER I. Geology, Pbysiciil Descriptiou, Water Courses, Timber, Soil, Minerals aud Climate — Geological Formations — Tlie Geologic Uplifting of Kansas Gradual — Missing Formations — Kansas Never Volcanic — Fossils of the Pliocene Age — Remains in the Niobrara Formation — The Chalk of Western Kansas — The "Monument" and "Castle" Rocks — Traces of the Age of Reptiles— Fantastic Sandstone Formations — Economic Geology— Limestone, Gypsum, Clay, Salts, Lead and Zinc — The Geographical Center of the Union — State Boundaries and Dimensions 0-19 CHAPTER II. A General Account of the Settlement of Kansas — Coronado's Expedition — The "Louisiana Purchase " — Names of the State— Kansas' Trials — Settlement in the Several Counties — Pioneer Experiences— Indian Troubles and Atrocities — Early Elections and Improvements — Town Companies — Primitive Births, Marriages and Deaths 30-55 CHAPTER III. Territorial and State Organization — A Scheme of Enterprising Missourians — Hall's Uniontown " Constituency "—Election in the Wyandotte Nation — Act Organizing Kansas and Nebraska — First Territorial Appointments — First Ter- ritorial Election Proclamation — Kansas' Four Constitutions — The Topeka, Lecompton, Leavenworth and Wyandotte Constitutional Conventions — Graphic Pen-Pictures of these Historic Deliberations — The Distinguished Par- ticipants in Them — Territorial and State Governors — Elections— State Offi- cers 5(5-77 CHAPTER IV. Kansas in the Rebellion — First Call for Volunteers — Quota Assigned to the State more than Filled — Sketches of Regimental History — Infantry and Cavalry Organizations — Batteries — Colored and Indian Troops — Casualties — The Gov- ernor's Military Staff, 1861-1863-186.5— Cost to Kansas of the Price Raid and Curtis Expedition — Tedious Settlement of War Claims ..78-94 CHAPTER V. The Growth of Cities in the State — An Advocate of Kickapoo — "Cities" of the Past — Pawnee — Quindaro — Delaware — Sumner — Doniphan — Elwood — Other "Cities on Paper" — Their Influential Projectors and Promoters — Lecompton and Minneola — The Cities of the Present — Kansas City— Topeka— tLeaven- worth — Fort Scott — Lawrence — Other Municipalities — The Centers of Trade and Finance and the Results of Energy and Well-Directcd Effort 9.5-101 :V Ml CHAPTER VI. The Bench and Bar of Kansas — Under the Territorial Government — Under the State Government — The Supreme Court — District Courts — Composition of Districts — Tlie Judiciary — Two Distinguished Chief Justices — High Standing of the Bar of the State 103-106 CHAPTER VII. General Account of Religious Denomiuatious — Tlie Pre-Territorial Era — The Ter- ritorial Era — The War Era — Tlie Era of Peace and Prosperity — Facts and Sta- tistics of Growtli — Characteristics of the Churclics of Kansas 107-110 CHAPTER VIII Historical Slcetcli of State Educational Institutions and -Affairs — Value of Public Education — Pioneer Schools — The Scliools under the Territorial Organiza- tion — Territorial Superintendents of Public Instruction — Tlie Schools in 1860 — The Public School System of To-day — Successive State Superintendents of Public Instruction — State Normal Schools — The State Agricultural College — University of the State of Kansas — How the Common Schools are Main- tained — Statistics — Denominational Educational Institutions 111-115 CHAPTER IX. Growth and Development of Industries and Material Interests — A Brilliant Record — Railway Construction and Development — Agricultural Progress — Manufacturing Enterprise — Statistics and Prospects — Character of Popula- tion — Successive Aggregates 116-119 CHAPTER X. Distinguished Men of Kansas Past and Present — Short Biographical Sketches of Celebrities Whose Names Have Come to be Household Words — Gov. Lyman U. Humphrey — Senator John J. Ingalls — The First Territorial Governor — The First State Governor — The Famous "Jim" Lane — Gov. Crawford — United States District Attorney Hallowell — Kansas' First Democratic Executive — Senator Preston B. Plumb — " Ottawa" Jones — Chief Justice Horton — A Well- Remembered State Printer — The First Chief Justice — The Champion of the "Homestead Law" — Prof. Mudge — Col. Anthony — Judge Brewer — Gov. Medary 120-142 WYANDOTTE COUNTY. CHAPTER XI. Location — Topography — Altitude — Economical Geology — Explorations — In- dians — Settlement — First Election — Indian Treaties — Surveyor-General's Office — Land Surveys — Indian Settlers — First White Settlers — Indian Ceme- tery — First Marriages, etc., etc 143-175 -^ '6 ^ ^ CHAPTER XII. County aud Township Organization and Acts of tlie County Board — Act of the Legislature Creating and Organizing the County of Wyandotte — Election of Temporary County Officers — Old Leavenworth County Records — First Poll- books — The Jail — Early Taxes — Settlement Between Wyandotte and Leaven- worth Counties — The Quindaro and Wyandotte Road — Ferry Licenses — Early Election Precincts — Locaticm of the County Seat — Seal- — Early Jurors — Pro- ceedings in 1860 — Division of the County into Commissioner Districts — Pur- chase of the Old Court-House Property cm Nebraska Avenue, Wyandotte — The Plat of Wyandotte Lands Recorded— Grand and Petit Jurors for 1861-63 Election Figures, 1861— Organization of Townships 176-200 CHAPTER XIII. County Interests, Commercial, Political, Otticial and Statistical — An Unparalleled Railwaj' System — How Projected and Developed — The Story of Early and Later Railroad Construction — A Celebrated MurderTliat CTrewOutof Personal Difficulties Between Railroad Projectors and Builders — The Railway System of the Present — Post-offices in Wyandotte County — Banks — Public Buildings The Poor Farm — Fair Associations — First Election in Wyandotte County — First Meeting of the County Commissioners — The County's Civil List^-Statis- tics of Taxaticm, Bonded Indebtedness, Agriculture, Horticulture and Stock- raising — Wyandotte County as a Manufacturing Center — Population — General Claims of Pre-eminence 201-253 CHAPTER XIV. The Judicial District and the District Court — First Session — Judge John Pettit— Falling of the Court-room — Judges McDowell, Brewer, Burris, Stevens, Wag- staff, Hiudman and Miller — The Bar — First Grand Jury — First Cases — First Petit Jury- Probate Court— Important Trials— Wills m. Wood— The Ice Case —Title to Church Property— Homicides— Lynchings— The Strike of 1886— Trials of Hamilton and Others for Wrecking Train, etc 253-375 CHAPTER XV. Freedom and Slavery — First Regiment Kansas Volunteers — Infantry, Second Regiment Infantry — Fifth Regiment Cavalry — Sixth Regiment Cavalry — Tenth Regiment Infantry — Twelfth Regiment Cavalry — Fifteenth Regiment Cavalry — Sixteenth Regiment Cavalry — First Regiment Kansas Colored Troops— Rosters of Officers and Enlisted Meu from Wyaudottc County ... .276-309 CHAPTER XVI. First Free School — First Teachers — Constitutional Provisions — ^School Funds — School Lands — School Statistics — Value of School Property — Bonded Indebt- edness — Cost of the Schools — Normal Institute — Schools in Kansas City — Scholastic Population — Enrollment — High School ^ Kindergarten — Private and Parochial Schools— Old Academy, etc 310-332 CHAPTER XVII. Churches of the County — A Reversal of the Usual Order of Events and the Intro- duction of Christianity by the Indians — Church Beginnings in Diiferent De- nominations — Division of the Methodist Church into "North" and "South" ;f^ 3' — ^ liL Churches— The Cliurehes of To-day— Statistics Showing Their Number, Tlieir Membership, and the Number and Value of Their Houses of Worship 323-333 CHAPTER XVIII Quindaro a Famous Pioneer Town — Town Company — Rapid Growth — Rush of Im- migrants — Rival Towns — Road to Lawrence — Steamer Liglitfoot — Decline and Fall of Quindaro — Rosedale — Its Progress — Incorporation — First and Succes- sive Officers — Development — Argentine — Its Town Company — Ineorporatii>n — Officers — Smelting Works — Industries — Churches — Societies— Press— Ed- wardsville — Indian Chief Half Moon— Edwardsville Cemetery — White Cliurch — Bethel — Pomeroy — Connor — Turner Smelting Works — Bonner (Saratoga) Springs— Civil Townships 334-350 CHAPTER XIX. Origin of Wyandotte — Indian Occupancy — United States Indian Agency — First Temperance Society — First Jail — Wyandotte Indian Convention — Treaty of 1855 — Land Office — Survey of Wyandotte — Rush of Immigration — Rapid Growth — First Enterprises — Election in 1857 — Scene at the Wyandotte Conven- tion in 1850— First Post-office- Death of the Members of the Wyandotte City Company — Incorporation — Roster of Officers — City Additions — Former Kan- sas City — Armourdale — Press — Meetings at Wyandotte September 4 and 23, 1875 — Predictions as to the Future Metropolis — Consolidation — Governor's Proclamation 351-386 CHAPTER XX. The Consolidated Cities — Review of the ]li>tnry of Consolidation — First and Sub- sequent Officials Since the Consolidation — Present City Officers — Wards and Precincts — The City's Great Real Estate Interests — A City of Homes — The City's Finances — Wonderful Progress of Street Improvement — Banks — Incor- porated Companies — Educational Progress and Statistics — The Young Men's Christian Association — Reasons for the City's Growth — Kansas City's Manu- facturing Status — Its Great Grain Market and Gigantic Elevators — Facts and Figures from Reliable Sources of the City's Remarkable Progress and Great Interests — The Census — A Suggestion of the Future — Armourdale's Progress — The Mayor's Annual Message, 18()0 387^123 CHAPTER XXI. City Institutions of the Consolidated Cities — Other Institutions of Public Benefit — Police Department — The Fire Department — The Board of Trade — The Post- office — Electric Lighting — The Fremont Street and Reynolds Avenue Market House — St. Margaret's Hospital — The Kansas Institution for the Education of the Blind — Headquarters of the Kansas Farmers' Alliance — Hotels, past and Present — Secret and Benevolent Orders 42.3-430 CHAPTER XXII Kansas City's Great Street Railway and Rapid Transit Systems — Description of the Several Lines — Historj- of the Inter-State Consolidated Rapid Transit Rail- road Company — Sketch of the Metropolitan Street Railway Company — Elec- tric Lines to Armourdale and Argentine — Projected Lines — New York Com- ment on Kansas City's Street Railways — A Great Viaduct in Prospect 437-446 "^^ ^|v ^ r CHAPTER XXIII. Kansas City's Immense Live Stock Market and Meat Packing Interests — Tlio Second Lary'est Pork-Paclving Center in tlie World — Rise and Progress of tlie Industry — Slcetclies of the Great Packing Establishments — Twenty-two Years of Meat Packing — An Era of Wonderful Progress — Contributory Causes — The Past Year's Remarkable Showing — Facts, Figures and Statistics — The Outlook for the Future '. . . .447-466 CHAPTER XXIV. Navigation of the Missouri and the Kaw — Kansas City's Favorable Location — The Advent of Steamboats on the Missouri — The Days of Pioneer Navigation — "Boating" Before the War — Rival Lines — Exciting River Races— Old Boats and Captains — First Discussion of Barge Navigation — Efforts and Failures — The Movement Crushed by the Panic of 1873 — Revived Fimr Years Later — Barge Transportation Tried and Found Feasible — Misfortunes and Antagonis- tic Influences — River Improvement^ — Congressional Appropriations — 111 Ad- vised Expenditures and Consequent Disappointmeut — Other Navigation Move- ments — Organization of the Kansas City and Missouri River Transportation Company — The Construction and Arrival of the Mason, the State of Kan- sas and the State of Missouri — Benefits to Accrue from the Enterprise — An Enthusiastic Celebration — Part in it of Kansas City, Kas.— Account of the Navigation of the Kansas River 467-486 Biographical 487-894 ^1 r ^HISTORY OF KANSAS,^ CHAPTER I. Geology, Physical Description, Water Courses, Timber, Soil, Minerals and Climate— Geological Formations— The Geo- logic Uplifting op^ Kansas Gradual— Missing Formations- Kansas Xever Volcanic— Fossils of the Pliocene Age— Re- mains in the Xiobkaua Formation— The Chalk of Western Kansas— The "Monument" and "Castle" Rocks— Traces of THE Age of Reptiles— Fantastic Sandstone Formations- Economic Geology— Limestone, Gypsum, Clay, Salts, Lead and Zinc— The Geographical Center of the L'nion— State Bound- aries AND Dimensions. (pliocene), (Niobrara), " About me round I saw Hill, dale and shady woods, and sunny plains, Anil liquid lapse of murm'ring streams." VERY intelligent reader of the history of a State is interested primarily in its geology — (he story of the growth of the terra firma composing and underlying it. The devout student of Nature is filled with awe as he is brought to view the successive processes of •* ' the Great Architect, as, layer upon layer, thiough the ages of the past. He laid the foundations of the earth. A vertical section of the soil underlying the State of Kansas, had it rested undisturbed during the ages of its formation and to the present time, would have presented the order and approximate thickness of the various formations, as follows: 1, Post tertiary formation — allu- vium, loess (bluff), drift 150 feet; 2, tertiary — sandstone 1,500 feet; 3, cretaceous (chalky) — limestone and .shale 200 feet;- Fort Benton, 260 feet; sandstone (Dakota, 500 Ml 10 HISTORY OF KANSAS. feet), 960 feet; 4, upper carboniferous — limestone and shale, 2,000 feet; 5, coal measure — coal in limestone and shale, 600 feet; 6, sub- carboniferous — limestone, 150 feet. The present succession of the strata from the highest elevation in the northwestern portion of the State to the lowest in the southwest shows the order of formation as above stated to be unbroken. By the gradual upheaval of some portions of the area, or the sinking or unequal changes in others, the strata no longer rest horizontally one above the other, but dip downward to the northwest, so that the edges of the several formations, even to the lowest, the coal measures, are brought to or near the surface of the soil in some sections of the State. In the foregoing order of formation the striking fact has been noted that the oldest rocks are not seen, and that the deposits of important ages and parts of ages of more recent date are also missing. Thus, the Triassic and Jurassic ages were either never deposited within the bounds of Kansas and the adjoining territory, or, in the grand operations of nature, all those deposits have been eroded and swept away, leaving no trace of their existence. This allows the Dakota (cretaceous sandstone) to rest directly on top of the carboniferous, and nearly if not quite in conformity, the geological level of the two being apparently identical. The absence of four groups in succession has also been noted, usually found between the pliocene rock of the ter- tiary period and the middle formations of the cretaceous, allowing the pliocene of the latter age to rest directly on the Niobrara or middle of the cretaceous. Nowhere in the State are there any evidences of violent disturb- ance of the strata or metamorphic indications in any of the formations. The gradual uplifting of this State and adjoining territory from the level of the ocean must have been slow, uniform, and in a perpendic- ular direction, which has left all the strata in a nearly horizontal posi- tion. This may have been as slow as that now going on in Florida, or a rise of five feet in a century. From our knowledge of the geology of the West, this undoubtedly took place after the rise of the Rocky Mountains, and probably did not come to a close until the drift period. The origin of the rivers, therefore, may date back as far, at least, as the beginning of this uprising. As the channels (valleys) cut by them are large, and often through heavy beds of limestone, the earlier pro- cesses may date still farther back in geological history. The rock formations do not crop out to any great extent, but are generally hidden by the post-tertiary deposits, alluvium, loess and HISTORY OF KANSAS. 11 drift. The two former, which have already Ijeen noticed, are of more recent formation than the drift, which underlies them, resting on the tertiary sandstone below. It consists of quartz, gravel, pebbles and sand, differing very little from the same deposits found in other parts of the country, and having a like origin, viz., the glacial, or ice period. It is intermixed with large metamorphic stones and bowlders of strati- fied quartz, greenstone and other rocks, not among the formations of this State. The nearest permanent formations similar are found hun- dreds of miles north and east. The deposit of line drift material sel- dom exceeds five feet in depth. In a general sense it may be said that the post-tertiary formation in some form— alluvium, loess, drift or mixtures of the same — covers, as with a blanket, all the lower rocky strata in whatever order they may come to the surface. The surface rock is not the same throughout the State, but shows, within different areas and we'1-detined limits, different rock formations from the high- est to the lowest. The pliocene group of the tertiary system, the first in vertical order, is seen only in the northwestern portion of the State, which has the high- est altitude. The territory covered by this formation extends along the north line of the State eastward, as far as the middle of Jewell County. The eastern and southern line of demarcation runs south and west, embracing the northwest quarter of Jewell and the north half of Smith and Phillips Counties; thence southwesterly, nearly to the southwest corner of Norton County ; thence east through Graham and into Rooks County, where, with a return bend of some eight or ten miles, it turns to the west, through Graham County, to the south line of Sheridan County; thence along and near the south line of Sheridan, Thomas and Sherman Counties, to the western line of the State, somQ eight miles south of the latter county. Another detached spur covers all of Greeley and the north quarter of Hamilton County, extending east, over the south half of Wichita and Scott Counties, into the south- west quarter of Lane County. The fossils of this formation, over a considerable part of the plio- cene area, are scarce, or entirely wanting. In some localities, particu- larly in Smith and Norton Counties, and in Ellis and Trego Counties, where small detached areas of the formation exist, they are quite numerous. They are of species common to the closing period of the pliocene — "the bones of deer, beaver, a large animal of the ox kind, two species of the horse, one smaller than the small Indian ponies, a wolf, ivory of the elephant and mastodon, bones of the rhinoceros and ^, lii. 12 HISTORY OF KANSAS. camel and also remains of an undetermined character. ' ' Remains of a large, fresh-water turtle, five feet in length, and those of a smaller size have been found; also a few species of moUusks. The remains of the horse are quite common, having been found from Smith County to the vicinity of Ellis, in Ellis County, and prove that horses roamed the plains of Kansas ages before the herds descended from the escaped steeds of the Spanish cavaliers of the fifteenth century. Prof. Mudge writes, that among the fossil remains of horses, he found one in the northern part of Ellis County, in 1875, of the celebrated three-toed species, having three hoofs coming to the ground, the feet with the three toes being in an excellent state of preservation. The bones were badly broken, and much of the skeleton missing, but sufficient to show it was of small size. The remains of the common horse, of about the same size as those now existing, and with the markings of the teeth quite similar, were found in the same geological horizon with the extinct three toed species, showing that they had a contemporaneous existence. The ivory and bones in the upper pliocene are found firmly fossilized, and sometimes changed to a hard, compact silica. In the process of petrifaction a tusk seen must have been so softened as to admit the intermixture of black oxide of manganese in solution, which then crystalized in delicate sprigs. The ivory was next silicified into nearly pure quartz, with the usual hardness of that substance. The ivory was thus converted into the so-called moss agate. Directly eastward of the pliocene, and stretching entirely across the State in a northeasterly and southwesterly direction, is the creta- ceous, covering an area of nearly 40,000 square miles. The Niobrara is the upper formation in the cretaceous system, and in Kansas differs from the same deposits in Nebraska and on the Niobrara River, some- what in its physical features, but more especially in its fossils, which, in Kansas, yield a richer and more varied type of vertebrates, and of the saurian genera. It covers a hill of country next adjoining the plio- cene, about thirty miles in width, in the northern part of the State, widening southward to nearly sixty miles in the Smoky Hill Valley. It is composed of chalk and chalky shales. The chalky rock varies in color from buff to pure white, and is generally too soft for building material. The pure white specimens consist of pure carbonate of lime, and can not be distinguished from the best quality of foreign chalk. The soft, fine-grained white stone, known in commerce as chalk, is found nowhere in North America except in Western Kansas. It differs from the chalk of Europe in the absence of the rhizopod shells, which -4^- •£:, comprise, generally, ca large part of its raaterial. Regarding the Kan- sas chalk. Prof. G. E. Patrick, of the Kansas State University, states: "Examined under the microscope, it appears perfectly amorphous — a simple aggregation of shapeless particles. The rhizopod shells which almost universally occur in the chalk of the old world, sometimes com- prising nearly its entire substance, seem to be quite wanting in our Kansas chalk. With a good microscope and a high power, I have been unable to detect a trace of them." This deposit in its purity is found in Trego County, where it appears in seams varying from a foot to eight feet in thickness. It is manufactured quite extensively into whiting, which exceeds in excellence of quality the best manufactured from foreign chalk, as, unlike that, it never contains flint nodules. Seams of pure calc-spar, usually in flat crystals, from one to six inches in thickness, are quite common in the shales, and occasionally appear in the chalk strata. In the darker shales are sometimes found nodules of pyrites, lenticular in form. Occasionally they appear in fine crystals of various shades of brown. The thickness of the Nio- brara formation varies from seventy- five to 200 feet. Along the courses of the streams and ravines, owing to the soft nature of the rock, canons occur, similar to those in Dakota and Ne- braska, though on a smaller scale; and in some localities remains of the formations, in detached masses, worn by the flow of ancient waters, stand high above the surrounding plain, fantastic monuments of the period when they were created. Fine specimens of these forms of Nature's sculpture are the Monument Rocks, in the Smoky Hill Val- ley, Gove County, and the Castle Rocks, of Ellis County, varying in height from fifty to seventy-five feet. The Niobrara is the upper formation of the cretaceous period, which embraces the latest division of the mesozoric time. In the rocks of this period, reptiles first became numerous and predominant, as shown in the fossils, which are so plentiful as compared with others as to mark the period as the age of reptiles. The fossils, however, are not confined to them, but cover the whole range of co-existent vegetable and animal life. Fossils of marine plants are occasionally found, but evidences of land vegetation are confined to a few specimens of fossilized wood, which are found but seldom. In a single instance, Prof. Mudge found the fibrous structure of a palm. This alone marks the climate of that age as tropical, if it was of indigenous growth. Islands must have existed in this cretaceous ocean, as the breeding places of the birds whose fossils have been found, and as resting places *^A ^ ^=-r^ 14 HISTORY OF KANSAS. for the amphibious animals which vere then numerous. They may have been only bare rocks, supporting no growth of trees. The fossils of the cretaceous sea, as fouud in the Kansas formation, embrace a wider range, and a larger proportion of the whole number known to scientists as cretaceous, than any section of the American system. The Fort Benton formation, lying directly beneath the Niobrara, is found east of the Niobrara section. The upper portion of the Ben- ton group consists of a heavy bed of soft, line-grained limestone, vary- ing in thickness from thirty to sixty feet. It lies along the east line of the Niobrara, and from its massiveness and persistency, shows a well-delined horizon between the two groups. It is laminated, the layers being from one to three feet thick. It is an excellent building stone, and, when burned, yields good quicklime. Below the limestone is a stratum of some sixty feet of soft, slate-colored shale. It abounds in flattened nodules of hard clay marl (septaria), varying in diameter from one inch to six feet. They are frequently threaded with cracks, lined with crystals of calc-spar, which sometimes extend to the outer edges of the concretions, being filled with white lime. These latter, with their fancifully defined proportions, are often mistaken for fossil turtles. Below this, to the bottom of the Benton group, 140 feet, are shales varying in color and hardness, and interstratified by layers of limestone, composed largely of marine shells. All the strata below the heavy upper bed of limestone are variable in their composition, the predominant component being on the same horizon, clay, sand or lime, as the case may be. There is no thick, persistent stratum of any kind. The total thickness of the Benton group is 260 feet. As a part of the cretaceous system, and directly underlying the Niobrara, where evidences of animal life are so profuse, it might naturally be expected that a like abundance of fossil remains would appear, but investigation is mainly disappointing. The Dakota group is the low- est in the cretaceous system, resting directly in the upper carbonifer- ous (Permian) group. The prevailing material of this group is sandstone, brown and variegated in color. It varies in compactness from that which can be easily crushed between the fingers to the hardest, which requires the heavy blows of a sledge-hammer to fracture. The more compact forma- tions owe their hardness to the presence of the oxides and silicates of iron. It furnishes, wherever found, an excellent building stone. In some places a poor quality of lenionite (brown iron ore) is deposited. The most frequent overlaying, or inter-stratification, is of clay shale, ^ W I ~ — ■ \ HP HISTORY OF KANSAS. 15 of varying color. In the ledges are found concretions of curious and fanciful form — some hollowed out like a bowl or vase, in tubular form, some as large as three inches in diameter and eight feet in length. Some of these concretions are glazed and distorted, as if exposed to the action of fire. This appearance is attributed, not to any applica tion of heat, but to the oxidation of iron, which would seem to be proven by the fact that within the tubes are frequently found inclosed well preserved fossil impressions of leaves, which would have been destroyed by the action of fire. The concretions of the white sand- stone are sometimes found in disk forms, of several feet in thickness, and six to eight feet across, the softer formation of sandstone on the sides and partly underneath being washed or wasted away. They remain as tablets, supported by one or more columns of the sandstone still remaining, in shape very like a toad-stool, where the supporting shaft is single. Where the erosion has been only on the sides and not sufiiciently low to sculpture the column beneath, they rest on the sur- face of the ground, and in their appearance resemble a cluster of hay- cocks. The average width of the Dakota is something less than fifty miles, being widest in the southern part of the State. The fossil found of this group is meager, but its flora is varied and interesting. The upper carboniferous (Permian) area lies east of and adjoining the lower strata of the cretaceous. It covers an area of nearly "20,000 square miles, and has a thickness of nearly 2, 000 feet. The deposits consist of limestones, clay shales, sandstones, and, in the upper por- tions, gypsum and chert-beds. The region as a whole shows only these and occasional seams of coal. The area of coal measures covers about 9,000 square miles in the southeastern part of the State, and embraces the counties of Cherokee, Labette, Montgomery, Chautauqua, Elk, Wilson, Neosho, Crawford, Bourbon, Allen, Woodson, CofPey, Anderson, Linn, Osage and parts of Franklin and Miami, along the northern line of demarcation; also the eastern part of Greenwood and Lyon Counties. All these counties are in some degree supplied with coal. Whether the whole area is underlaid with coal or not can not be definitely ascertained till a thor- ough geological survey has been made. The general structure of the rock is that of the productive coal measures elsewhere found, and the experimental borings have been sufficiently numerous, and attended with such favorable results as to warrant the belief that the deposit exists in paying quantities in most parts of the area above described. The material of the dej^osits is similar to those of the upper car- r ^'. S v> 16 HISTORY OF KANSAS. boniferous, consisting of shale, sandstone and limestone, the latter being very persistent over large areas. The other strata are quite variable, as are the immediate layers of coal. The coal measures of Kansas are a part of an immense coal field, which covers, as stated by Prof. Swallow, "a large part of the Indian Territory south, all East- ern Kansas, the northwestern half of Missouri, Southern Iowa and Southeastern Nebraska." The Kansas bed is in the western part of the field above described, and shows the thickest, purest and most valuable and accessible layers in the counties above named. The coal measures, as their various strata show, were alternately beneath and above the salt sea, the changes occurring many times during the period of their formation. This ancient rising and sinking of the bosom of the sleeping earth has left its unquestionable record in its fossils, which embrace the marine fossils in the limestone and other sea formations, while the intermediate deposits and the coal seams abound in vegetable and animal remains of terrestrial life. The sub-carboniferous area (Keokuk), the lowest formation of the Kansas strata, appears only in a small triangular area, lying east and south of the irregular line of Spring River, in the southeast corner of Cherokee County. The coiu'se of the river is controlled by the ledges of this group along its eastern bank. The whole area does not exceed fifty square miles. The thickness of this formation is 150 feet. It consists of chert and cherty conglomerate at the top, and coarse, gray limestones and horn stones below. It is very much broken, and the beds of limestone and chert are so intermingled that in some places the original stratification is entirely obliterated, while it is nowhere easily discernible. The chert in some places forms irregular beds, and in others appears in loose masses of many tons' weight. The area is chiefly interesting as being similar to that which yields so richly of lead and zinc in the adjoining counties of Missouri, and in which a few paying mines in Kansas have been found. The fossils found are only important as aiding the geologist to fix the geological age of the formation. To the utilitarian, to whom all scientific research is valuable, according to its beneficial results as they may be adapted to the con- venience or well-being of man, the knowledge of the geological struct- ure of Kansas gives most bounteous returns, which will increase with each new discovery. All products having intrinsic worth — building materials, fuel, fertilizers, etc. — are found in abundance, and are dif- fused and plentiful in ratio to the natural wants of man. Stone suita- J'- ^ HISTORY OF KANSAS. 17 ble for huikliiig purposes is found in abundiance in nearly all parts of the State. The varieties include magnesian limestone, blue and gray limestone, and great quantities of sandstone and flagging stone. Stone from the Kansas quarries is used in some of the finest buildings in the country. For churches, court-houses. State and municipal buildings, nothing can be found superior to the product of the various quarries of the State. Material suitable for the manufacture of ordinary brick exists everywhere. The bars along the water courses furnish sand. The limestone affords abundant supply of low-priced quicklime. In- deed, all the requisites of building exist in abundance, and are, conse- quently, remarkably cheap in all parts of the State. Inexhaustible beds of bituminous coal, valuable for fuel and for manufacturing uses, are found in the eastern and central districts of the State. In several counties, the mining and shipping of coal constitute one of the im- portant industries, and a constantly increasing source of wealth. The business affords employment and support to a large number of persons, and it is rapidly growing in extent and importance. The workable deposits range in thickness from twenty to fifty inches. The main coal area is traversed by several important lines of railway, thus making directly tributary to this district an immense outlying region, which is crowded with thriving towns and prosperous farms. A fine quality of natural gas has been discovered in some parts of the State, and is being successfully used for light, fuel and manufacturing purposes, at a saving over other kinds of fuel and light of from twenty-five to thirty per cent. Lead mines are profitably worked in the southeastern part of the State. Large and prosperous communities are being established in the vicinity of the lead mines, as also in the vicinity of the coal mines. Zinc is found in paying quantities. Kansas has taken its place among the large producers of salt of the best quality known to commerce. Since 1867 salt has been made from brine obtained from wells near the mouth of the Solomon River, in Saline Coanty. An extended area in the central part of the State is underlaid with rock salt. It is found at various depths, from 450 to 925 feet. The thick- ness of the salt itself is from 125 to 250 feet. The State of Kansas embraces within its boundaries the geograph- ical center of the United States, excepting the remote and detached Territory of Alaska. The middle parallel of latitude between the southern cape of Floritla and the northern border of the State of Wash- ington, and the dividing meridian of longitude midway between the extreme eastern and western limits of the country, pass through the 18 HISTORY OF KANSAS. State, cutting it through its miildle north and south, and one degree south of its center east and west. The bisecting degree of latitude is 38° north; the parallel of longitude, 22^ 30' west from Washington, the intei-secting point being at the northwest corner of Reno County. The State is 204 miles in width from north to south, and slightly ex- ceeds 400 miles in length from east to west. It is bounded on the north by the State of Nebraska, east by the State of Missouri, south by the Indian Territory and west by the State of Colorado. It has the general form of a rectangle, with a breadth of a little more than 200 miles from north to south, and a length of a little over 400 miles from east to west, containing an area of 81,318 square miles, or 52,288,000 acres. The general surface of Kansas is a rolling prairie, which gently ascends from the eastern border. Kansas presents a succession of rich prairies, hills and fertile valleys, diversified in its scenery; it has a rolling and varied surface, and a fertile soil. The State is well, supplied with rivers and creeks. On the eastern border the Missouri presents a water front of nearly 150 miles. The Kansas is formed by the junction of the Republican and the Smoky Hill Rivers, and from the point of confluence it flows east about 150 miles to the Missouri. Lateral valleys on the north are formed by the Saline, Solomon and Blue Rivers, and other streams. The Osage River rises in the eastern part of the State, and after a southeast course of about 125 miles, enters Missouri. The Arkansas has its source in the Rocky Mountains, in Colorado. It runs through nearly three fourths of the length of Kansas, east and southeast, and, with its tributaries, waters two-thirds of the western and southern jiart of the State. Its lateral valleys on the north are traversed by the Walnut, Little Arkansas, Pawnee Fork and other streams, and on the south by the Ninnescuh, Chicaskia and other tine streams. The Neosho, rising in the central part of the State, runs southeast about 200 miles, receiv- ing in its course the Cottonwood and other streams. The Verdigris runs nearly parallel with the Neosho, receiving Fall River on the west. In the southwest are the Cimarron and Medicine, which flow for a con- siderable distance in the State, and a network of southern tributaries of the Arkansas. These rivers are not navigable, yet, with their tributaries, they make Kansas one of the best watered of the Western States. In most locali- ties, including the extreme western part of the State, good water is obtained within a reasonable distance of the surface by digging or l\^ HISTOKV OF KANSAS. 19 boring. lu sume places, particularly in the western counties, artesian wells furnish valuable supplies of water. Timber is abundant along the streams in the eastern portion of the State. It is less plentiful in the central portion. The varieties of timber embrace oak, elm, black walnut, cottonwood, box elder, honey locust, willow, hickory, sycamore, white ash, hackberry and mulberry. The Osage orange makes a rapid and vigorous growth, and is not killed down by the winters, and it is extensively used for hedges. Stone, being plenty and cheap, is used in building dwellings, and also fences, barns and out-houses. Since the prairie tires have been stopped, the native growth of timber spreads and thrives. Forest trees and fruit trees, planted and taken care of, soon reward the planter with grateful shade and luscious fruit. Kansas can truthfully claim a greater amount of sunshine than the Eastern States. The records show that the average cloudiness is a little more than forty-four per cent. In the Southern States the average is forty-seven per cent; in the New England States it is fifty-three per cent, while in Great Britain it reaches seventy-one percent. The win- ters generally break up in February, the first wild flowers often appear- ing before the end of that month. Tables showing the rate of mortality have not been kept, yet there can be no doubt as to the fact that Kan- sas compares favorably with any State, east or west, as regards the health of her people. The rolling surface of the country, and the ravines, furnish fine natural drainage, and as a result there are no swamps or marshes to breed fever and malaria. Many persons com- ing from the East to Kansas find their health greatly improved, es- pecially by residence in the western portion of the State. '*^-^=^ =;=ifv A 20 HISTORY OF KANSAS. CHAPTER II. A General Account of the Settlement of Kansas— Coronado'.s Ex- pedition—The "Louisiana Pukchase"— Xames of the State— Kansas'Trials — Settlement IN the Several Counties— Pioneer Experiences— Indian Troubles and Atrocities— Early Elec- tions AND Improvements— Town Companies— Primitive Births, Marriages and Deaths. Ye pioneers, it is to you, The debt of gratitude is due. Ye builded wiser than ye knew The broad foundation On which our superstructures stand. Your strong right arm and willing hand, Your earnest efforts still command Our veneration. — Pinrre. 'he early history of Kansas is not withoiit its romance, for it was on the plains of Kansas that Coronado and his band suffered so many hard- ships in their search for the country of Quivera and its fabled cities of gold. He crossed the State in a northeasterly direction, reaching the Missouri River near the present site of Atchison. Here the Spaniards, disappointed at not finding treas- ure, erected a cross bearing the inscription: "Thus far came Francisco De Coronado, general of an expe- dition " — and returned home to Mexico. They were the first white men to visit Kansas, and their letters de- scribe it then as now, a country rich in fruits, with a ^l'^^ '113^ heavy black soil similar to the finest regions of Spain. In the early part of the eighteenth century Kansas was visited and often explored by the French, who mixed freely with the numerous tribes of Indians lo- cated along the Arkansas and Kansas Rivers. It became a part of the " Louisiana Purchase " in 1803, and afterward formed a portion of the ^> Tf^ -4^ ^. HISTOUY OF KANSAS. 21 Indian Territory. It was organized as a Territory in 1854, and ad- mitted as a State into the Union in January, 1801. The Territory of Kansas embraced, besides the jM-esent area of the State, all the lands between the parallels of 37° and 40° north lati tude, westward to the Rocky Mountains, except that part of New Mexico lying north of the thirty-seventh parallel. The whole area of the Ter- ritory, including what is now the State of Kansas, was 126,283 square miles. It was, with the exception of a small tract, a part of the above- mentioned " Louisiana Purchase," made by President Jefferson from France, April 30, 1803. By the terms of the treaty, France ceded to the United States all the country drained by the Mississippi and its tributaries to which she had any right or title. The boundaries were ill-defined, touching on the south and southwest the Spanish-Mexican possessions, and on the east the Spanish province of West Florida On the west shore of the Mississippi it extended to its source, embraced all the Missouri Valley, and stretched north of the Spanish-American possessions across the Eoeky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, and as far north on the Pacific Coast as the British possessions. For this vast domain the United States paid France the sum of 115,000,000. The province of Louisiana thus acquired comprised 1,100,577 square miles Its boundaries on the west and east were not definitely settled between this country and Spain till February 22, 1819, at which time a treaty was made defining its western and eastern boundaries, wherever con- tiguous to Spanish territory; and in consideration of the relinquish- ment by the United States of her claims to Texas, Spain ceded West Florida (now Alabama and Mississippi) and relinquished to the United States all claim to territory lying south of the thirty first parallel and east of the Mississippi River. Thus, that portion of Kansas lying west of the twenty-third meridian and south of the Arkansas River was ceded to Spain. On the achievement of independence by Mexico, in 1824, it passed into the possession of that Republic. Texas, on gaining her in- dependence in 1830, claimed it as part of her domain, which cfaim was subsequently confirmed by the treaty between the United States and Mexico at the close of the war, February 22, 1848. It finally became a part of the Government domain by purchase, it being a part of the territory ceded to the United States by Texas in 1850, that State re- ceiving 110,000,000 as a consideration. The name— Kansas— is derived from the name of the dominant tribe of Indians found in the Territory when first visited by white men. They were variously spoken of by early explorers as Kanzas, -|^ 22 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Canceas, Cansez, Kansez, Caazas, Canzes, Okanis, Kaasies, Canses, Canzon, Kanzon, Koaza, Konzas, Kasas, Kaazan, Kanzana, and by other varied spellings, all having a similar phonetic expression. From these have come the legal recognition of the present orthography. Kansas is said to signify, in the language of the Kansas tribe, "smoky," and the South Fork of the Kansas is still known as Smoky Hill River. Kansas has gone through more trials, in her early life, as a Terri- tory and State, than any other State in the Union. Thirty- six years ago the slave oligarchy ruled the country. Fearing that the birth of new States in the West would rob it of supremacy, the slave power swallowed the Missouri Compromise, which dedicated the Northwest to freedom. The industrious North, aroused and indignant, struck quick and hard, and Kansas, full armed, shouting the war-cry of liberty, and nerved with invincible courage, sprang into the Union. The Territory was the scene of many an exciting conflict between the Abolitionists and the advocates of slavery, John Brown taking an active part against the latter. This enthusiast and martyr in the cause of freedom has left his imprint in Kansas, though he was never even a citizen, and when the war finally came on, the State gave voice and potency to the demand for abolition, and aided in burying seces- sion in its grave. The history of the settlement of the State is here given, so far as has been found practicable, by counties. For convenience of refer- ence the counties are treated in alphabetical order. The first settlement in Allen County was undoubtedly that of Richard J. Fuqua, in January, 1855. He located in the valley of the Neosho, in the northwestern part of the county. He was accom- panied by his family, consisting of his wife, two boys and three girls. He also had sixty head of cattle. He at once built a cabin, started a post, for the purpose of trading with neighboring tribes of Indians, and the next summer opened a farm. This post became a favorite resort of tbe Sac and Fox Indians, and often a very large number of them were camped in the timber along the river. Fuqua always strove to please them, gave dog feasts and other entertainment, and sold flour, groceries, calico, beads and other articles to them at a very high price. Fuqua made money rapidly, and kept up the post for a number of years, but finally abandoned it, and still later, in 1863, sold his large and well-improved farm and immigrated to Oregon. The second settlement in the county was made by B. W. Cowden and ^-. ^1 l^ "" HISTORY OF KANSAS. 23 H. D. Parsons, who arrived in March, 1855, and selected claims in the valley of the Neosho River, near the mouth of Elm Creek. The next settlement was made near the mouth of Deer Creek, the same spring, by Maj. James Parsons, and his two sons, Jesse and James, and Mr. Duncan. During the spring and summer settlement pro- gressed quite rapidly, the most of it being along and near the Neosho River. Among the first settlers were H. H. Hayward, W. C. Keith, Henrj' Bennett, Elias Copelin, James Barber, Barnett Owen, A. W. J. Brown, J. S. Barbee, Thomas Day and Giles Sater. On Martin Creek the prominent settlers of that summer were Thomas Norris, Jesse E. Morris, Anderson Wray, George Hall, Dr. Stockton, A. C. Smith, Augustus Todd, Michael Kiser, Hiram Smith and Mr. Martin. The creek was so called in honor of the last named. During the sum- mer and fall of 1856, immigration continued. Promiuent among the settlers of that year were Nimrod Hankins, William M. Brown, Car- lyle Faulkner, Carroll Prewett, Henry Doren, G. A. Gideon, William Mayberry, Thomas Bashaw, M. W. Post and Joseph Ludley. The two last named came in February, 1856, being engaged in the survey of the standard parallels. Previous to the settlement of Anderson County by white men, it was occupied by the Pottawatomie Indians, who were removed from Indiana to their Ka nsas r eserve in 1837, by the United States Govern- ment. This principal village was just across the northern boundary of what is now Anderson County, at the place known as Dutch Henry's crossing, on the Pottawatomie. That stream derives its name from the above named tribe of Indians, and was so called about the time of their arrival. Soon after they located, they extended their settlement south and west along the streams. In 1838 they made some improvements on the present site of Greeley. This was the first settlement in the coun- ty. The Indians were removed from the county in 18-17-48. The lirst white settlement in the county was begun early in May, 1854, on the present site of Greeley, by Valentine Gerth and Francis Meyer. They were young Missourians, without families. A few days after the location of the two young men, Henry Harmon, with his family, located just north of where Greeley now is. Next came Oliver P. Rand, who settled in Sutton Valley. During the summer and fall they were joined by a few more settlers, among whom were Henderson Rice, J. S. Wait- man, W. D. West, Thomas Totton, Anderson Cassel and Dr. Rufus Gilpatrick. In the winter of 1854-55 a number of Germans from St. Louis located south of Greeley, and made some improvements, but in ii ^jT 24 HISTORY OF KANSAS. the spring of 1855 they left the Territory. When the first census was taken in Ja nuai 'y^ 1855, the names returned from Anderson County were Francis Meyer, Valentine Gerth and John C. Clark. Ow- ing to the outrages committed upon Free-State settlers, a military com- pany was organized in the fall of 1855, and was made up of Franklin and Anderson County men. It was called the Pottawatomie Rifle Com- pany. John Brown, Jr., was elected captain. Among the men from Anderson County were Jacob Benjamin, James Townsley, Allen Jaqua, Frank Ayres, D. G. "Watt, Samuel Mack, August Bondi, H. H. Williams, W. Ayres, M. Kilbourne and Dr. Ruf us Gilpatrick. This was one of the John Brown companies that made itself feared by the border ruffians. Among the prominent settlers of 1855 were Darius Frankenberger, M. M. Minkler, C. E. Dewey, H. H. Williams, E. Reynolds. James Sutton, Benjamin Davis, J. H. Wolken, J. H. Rock- ers, H. M. Rumley, Samuel Mack, John McDaniel, Zach Schutte, Charles Backer, James Townsley, C. H. Price, Jesse Sutton and Hen- derson Rice. Among the prominent settlers of 1856 were W. C. McDow, A. Simons, Samuel Anderson, Jacob Benjamin, August Bondi, James Y. Campbell, John S. Robinson, Solomon Kauffman, C. W. Peckham, William G. Hill, R. D. Chase, Samuel McDaniel, G. W. Yandall, William Tull, A. G. West, C. G. Ellis, R. Porter, John Kirk- laud, William Dennis, J. F. Wadsworth, H. Cavender, Frederick Tochterman and W. G. Nichols. The first settler of Atchison County was a Frenchman, named Pen- sinau, who, in 1839, married a Kickapoo Indian, and located on the banks of the Stranger, near Mount Pleasant. In June, 1854, a colony of immigrants crossed the river at latan. Mo., and took claims in the neighborhood of Oak Mills, Walnut Township. They were F. P. God- dard, G. B. Goddard, James Douglass, Allen Hanson and George A. Wright. Bat the actual settlers, and the founders of the city and county of Atchison, did not enter the Territory of Kansas until the next month. When the Kansas lands were thrown open to settlers in 1854, Senator Atchison and his friends at once founded a town, and named it in his honor. It was on the Fourth of July, 1854, that Senator Atchi- son and a few Platte County friends dedicated the new town. The town company at first required every settler to build a house at least sixteen feet square upon his lot. The survey of North Atchison was made in October, 1857, by J. J. Pratt, Dr. J. H. Stringfellow, pro- prietor. It consisted of the northeast quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 36, Town 5 south. Range 20 east. A few days previous to the ^ '.iL HISTORY OF KANSAS. 25 surveying of North Atchison, Lancaster, eleven miles west, was platted, no doubt with the intention of becoming the county seat. Sumner was at this time Atchison's most formidable rival. But the next year the dispute was settled in favor of Atchison, and her court-house was completed in 1859. The lands of Barbour County are all embraced in the ' ' thirty-mile ' ' and "three-mile" strips, formerly owned by the Osages and the Cherokees, respectively. These lands were ceded to the Government by the treaty of July 15, 1870, and were then offered for pre-emption, but not for homesteading, or timber-claim entry. They embraced some of the best hunting-grounds of the Osages, as the still plainly marked and numerous " buffalo wallows " testify. The first settler in the county was a man named Griffin, who located on a ranch about one mile from where Sun City now stands, in. the winter of 1871-72. This pioneer was killed in the Indian Territory the following summer, and C. H. Douglass is now the leading merchant in the town. In the spring of 1872, E. H. Mosley, Lockwood and Leonard located at Kiowa. Mosley had a small stock of goods which he traded to the Indians. He spent his time hunting buffalo and collecting the hides for market. Lockwood and Leonard attempted farming. July 30, 1872, the Indians made a raid on the residences of Leonard and Lockwood, and in the tight Mosley was killed, the others saving their lives by remaining in the house, inside a stockade. Eli Smith located at the same place in October, 1872, and the first store was opened by G. Hegwer, in the spring of 1873. In December, 1872, Derrick Up- degraff located at Medicine Lodge, and, soon after, Salmon P. Tuttle. AVilliam Walters, W. E. Hutchinson, with two brothers, Jake Ryan, A. L. Duncan, David Hubbard and John Beebee made settlement at or near Medicine Lodge early in 1S73, and Samuel Larsh and a Mr. AVyncoop started a ranch at the mouth of Cedar Creek. Lake City was established by Reuben Lake April 6, 1873. Barton County is of later settlement, and was, until 1872, apart of Ellsworth County. The following were among its prominent resi- dents about that time: Thomas L. Morris, John H. Hubbard, George N. Berry, first county commissioners; M. W. Halsey, John Cook, and L. H. Lusk, second county commissioners; and the following first elected county officers: County clerk, W. H. Odell; register of deeds, T. L. Morris; clerk of district court, J. B. Howard; treasurer, E. L. Morphy; probate judge, D. N. Heizer; county attorney, J. B. How- ard; superintendent of schools, A. C. Moses; surveyor, John Favrow; 2 ^ !k^ 26 HISTORY OF KANSAS. shei'ifP, George W. Moses; coroner, D. B. Baker. At the same elec- tion at which these officers were chosen, the following justices of the peace were elected: For Lakin Township, D. P. Foster and A. W. Strong; for Great Bend Township, E. J. Dodge and James Holland; and for BufPalo Township, T. S. Morton and A. Keller. The first white men to locate in Bourbon County were United States officers and soldiers, at Fort Scott, in 1842. Eegular settle- ment began in 1854. Among the pioneers were the following: In 1854, Nathan L. Arnett, in Marmaton Township, and Gideon Terrell, William and Philander Moore, in Pawnee Township; in 1855, Guy Hinton, in Walnut; Cowan Mitchell, James Guthrie, John and Rob- ert Wells, and David T. Ralston, in Marion; in 1856, John Van Syekle, Samuel Stephenson and Charles Anderson, in Franklin; D. D. Rob- erts and Josei)h Ray, in Freedom; H. R. Kelso, A. Ward and Col. Bullock, in Scott; Ephraim Kepley, the Stewarts, Bowers and Halls, in Mill Creek; Gabriel Endicott, David Claypool and others in Dry- wood. David Endicott assisted the Government in the survey of the neutral lands, and Edward Jones, one of the earliest settlers in Mar- maton Township, built the first saw-mill in the county, except one built by the Government. In Timber Hill Township, the earliest set- tlers were T. K. and T. B. Julian, father and son, June 4, 1854; F. D. Myrick, in November, 1854; and M. E. Hudson, in 1855. The earliest records state that Thurston Chase and James Gibbons staked claims on Wolf Creek, in Brown County, on May 11, 1854, and made some small improvements, but returned to the East in less than a month. In the same year W. C. Foster came to Brown County. From this time forward the tide of pioneers poured into the fertile country, and before the close of 1854 the farms of the new comers dotted the land in every direction. The first settlements in Butler County were as follows: Benton Township, April 13, 1878, by J. P. J. Nelson; Bloomington Town- ship, 1867, Samuel Rankin; Bruno Township, May, 1869, V. Smith, Chelsea Township, August, 1857, Bob DeRacken, G. T. Donaldson, P. G. D. Morton, J. C. Lambdin, I. Scott, Martin Vaught, Dr. Le- wellen, Charles Jefferson and J. and L. Cole; Clifford Township, 1859, Mr. William Badley; El Dorado Township, May, 1857, William Hildebrande; Fairmount Township, 1869, Holland Ferguson; Hick- ory Township, 1869, Mr. Myers; Pleasant Township, spring of 1869, Marion Franklin; Phim Grove Township, 1860, Joseph H. Adams; Rock Creek Township, July, 1868, D. L. McCabe; Rosalia Town- ^ .:- J^^ — ^ -^ — ^ ^ ship, July, 1809, Philip Kariis; Spring Township, April, 1866, Dave (afterward county commissioner), and H. W. Yates; Towanda Town- ship, 1858, William Vana, A. G. Davis, Chandler, Atwood, and others; Union Township, April 2, 1870, A. S. McKee; Walnut Town- ship, 1866, George Long. William Hildebrande, who came in May, 1857, to El Dorado Township, was the first settler in Butler County. In Juno, 1857, Samuel Stewart, of Lawrence, organized a colony to settle in Butler County. July 9, 1857, Henry Martin, William Crim- ble, Jacob Carey, H. Bemis and William Bemis, with their families, settled near El Dorado. There were in this party ten other families. Chase County was generally settled about twenty years figo, though Seth Hayes and others came as early as 1854. James Fisher, another pioneer, came in 1855. In 1873 he was robbed and murdered in his house. Among prominent old citizens have been the following who have held county offices: Sidney A. Breese, who came in 1818, and was one of the county organizers; J. S. Doolittle, J. B. Smith, A. P. Gandy, A. S. Williams, W. S. Romigh, A. S. Howard, J. S. Ship- man, E. A. Alford, D. F. Drinkwater, O. H. Drinkwater, F. B. Hunt. H. E. Snyder, M. R. Leonard, H. L. Hunt, C. C. Whitson, Samuel Buchanan, S. N. Wood. Among the earliest settlers in Falls Town- ship were James Fisher, Milton Ford and A. P. Wentworth, who came in 1857. C. S. Hills was the postmaster at Cottonwood Falls, in 1858; L. D. Hinckley opened a grocery store there in 1859. The first white settler in Chautauqua County was Richard Slater, in July, 1808, who settled in Salt Creek Valley, in Salt Creek Town- ship, the land at that time being owned by the Big and Little Osage Indians, from whom it was obtained by the Government under a treaty in 1870. In July, 1869, William Bowcher settled in La Fayette Town- ship, and, in the fall of the same year, settlement was first made in Harrison Township by O. Hanson; in Sedan Township, by H. S. Halla- day; Caneyville Township, by Alexander Shawver; in Summit Town- ship, by George M. Ross, and in Belleville Township, by John W. Morris and John Sutton. L. P. Getman established the first store in the county, at Elgin, and John Lee, William Gamble and Beadle Welsh started the first saw mill at the same place, and which they brought from Wisconsin in 1870. The first attempt at a settlement in Cherokee County was made in 1842, when a detachment of United States soldiers attempted to estab- lish a fort on Spring River. The site selected by them was owned by John Rogers, a Cherokee Indian, who asked $4,000 for the piece of — sfV ^M 28 HISTORY OF KANSAS. laad, but as $1,000 was the limit, beyond which the officer in command could not go, Fort Scott was finally selected. The next settlement was made in Shawnee Township, in 1858, by J. Pickerell. The first settlers of Clay County were Moses, William and Jere- miah Younkeus and John P. King, who came from Pennsylvania in April, 1856. Mrs. Moses Younkens was the first white woman and Mrs. J. B. Quimby the next. The first marriage occurred December IS, 1859, and the contracting parties were Lorenzo Gates, the first postmaster on Mall Creek, and Miss Lucinda Gill. George H. Purington and Miss Helen A. M. Morse were married May 6, 1860. In the winter of 1868-69, John Cain and Miss Alice Arnold were mar- ried by J. B. McLaughlin, justice of the peace, who stood on the opp>o- site bank of the Republican from the contracting parties. The first attempt at settlement in Cloud County was made in the fall of 1858, by John and Lew Fowler, hunters and trappers. The next year they, with G. W. Brown, platted a town site, and designated it Eaton City. They also built a house in the western part of what is now the city of Clyde, afterward called the Conklin House, which was torn down by a mob in 1862. In the spring of 1860 John Allen, of Kentucky, and his son-inlaw, Sutton MeWhorter, took claims north of Lake Sibley and laid out a town, which they named Union City. Three other families from Kentucky, comprising Allen's party, settled near him. While this party were building their cabins, Philija Kizer, Carey Kizer, and their brother-in-law, Newton Race, with their wives and children, selected a location on White Rock Creek. Messrs. Park, Heffington and Finney settled on Elm Creek about the same time; and during the year Daniel Wolf, from Pennsylvania, with several sons, located on Wolf Creek. Jacob Heller took a claim on June 20, 1860, and his father, Moses, and two brothers, David and Israel, came to Cloud the coming fall. In October, 1860, Jacob accidentally shot himself, his death being the first in the county. July, 1860, J. M. Hagaman, J. M. Thorp and August Fenskie settled on Elm Creek. Prior to 1854 it is not known that any white man ever lived in Coffey County. The Sac and Fox Indians, whose reservation was north of the county, had a burial ground near the site of Burlington, and an Indian trail, from the Sac and Fox agency to the buffalo hunt- ing ground in Southwestern Kansas, also ran through the county, crossing the Neosho River at the point where Burlington now stands, and this trail was used for many years after the settlement of the county. The first white man who settled in the Neusho Valley was -^-. ^1 liL HISTORY OF KANSAS. 29 Frederick Troxel, in the woods, three-fourths of a mile south of the present town site of Le Roy. Mrs. Troxel was a sister of Gen. John B Scott, one of the founders of Le Roy. Gen. Scott and Thomas Crab- tree were, at this time, Indian traders at the Sac and Fox agency. The Hampden Colony was organized in Hampden Cjunty, Mass., March 1, 1855. The organization was for the purpose of efPectino- a settlement in Kansas. W. A. Ela was the first secretary. The colony, when it left Massachusetts, consisted of upward of seventy souls It arrived at Kansas City, April 14, 1855. There they purchased teams and supplies, and arrived at Hampden, April 26, 1855. N. J. Thompson was, unwittingly, the first settler in Cowley County, having built a cabin near what he supposed the south line of Butler' in August, 1868. The survey showed him to be in Cowley County,' which was as yet Indian land, and all whites were intruders. In 1869 T. B. Ross and sons, James Renfro and sons, John and Joseph Stans- bury, B. F. Murphy, T. A. Blanchard, S. B. Williams and F. W. Schwantes took claims on the bottoms of the Walnut, a few miles above Winfield. In June, 1869, C. M. Wood penetrated as far as the west bank of the Walnut, nearly opposite the present city, and began sell- ing goods to the Indians and settlers. The Indian greed for finery and provisions, and the knowledge that the tenure of the whites was insecure, soon led to a system of pilfering and intimidation that caused W ood to leave his stockade store and retreat to the Renfro cabin up the stream. In August all settlers were warned to leave the county and all but Judge T. B. Ross did so. In June, 1869, P. Y. Becker located south of Winfield, and E. C. Manning on the town site. Al- though the Osages had threatened the settlers and driven them out, they did little more than burn Wood's stockade, and in September the settlers began to drift back, bringing fi-esh accessions with them. In January, 1870, a party of fifteen men took claims along the Grouse. In the same month the members of the Walnut City Town Company (organized in Emporia to lay out and push the town which should be the future center of the county) reached Winfield. Their purpose was to locate at the junction of the Arkansas and Walnut. This was, of course, found near the present site of Arkansas City, and the settlers, giving up their Winfield claims, settled below, and started their town.' All this time the settlers who were on Indian land had paid head- money to Chetopa, the Osage chief. On July 15, 1870, the Osage lands were opened for settlement, and bona fule claims were at once entered. r ^1^ — ^ ^ — ^^l^ 30 HISTORY OF KANSAS. White men began to locate on the "Cherokee neutral" lands, in Crawford County, about 1850, Harden Matthews settling in Sherman Township in that year. Quite a number of white men entered the county in 1852, and in 1857 some settlements were made in Walnut Township, and in 1861 W. Banks settled in Crawford Township on Big Cow Creek. John Lemans, a blacksmith, settled in Osage Town- ship in 1848. Pleasant M. Smith settled in Baker Township in 1851. Neither remained. In 1856 Mr. Sears made the first permanent set- tlement in this township, near the mission crossing on Cow Creek. Quite a number of settlers had commenced to make houses here, when, in 1859, Cherokee Indian Agent Cowan drove them from their homes, lighting their pathway by tires made of their burning haystacks, houses and barns. In 1865 other settlers came into this part of the county, among them Marion Medlin, John Hobson, Frank Dosser and S. S. Georgia; Hobson selecting for his home the spot formerly occu- pied by Mr. Sears. In 1866 S. J. Langdon and A. J. Georgia came in. J. F. Gates, Stephen Ogden, W. J. McWirt, Capt. John Hamil- ton and others, settled in Sheridan Township in 1865. Lincoln Town- ship was settled in 1852 by the Hathaways and others, and Walnut Township in 1857. In 1852 Fort Riley was located. In 1854 settlers began to locate in Davis County. Thomas Reynolds was the first, near Ogden, in June, 1854. At that time there were not over twenty voters in all the terri- tory now embraced in Davis County. The Pawnee Tosvn Association was organized in November, 1854, and the town of Pawnee was located. The Association issued certificates of shares, which bore date Novem- ber 26, 1854, signed by W. P. Montgomery, as president, and William A. Hammond, as secretary. Parties at that time connected with the army took quite a conspicuous part in the management of the affairs of the county (at that time there was no county organization), and thus are found the names of Gen. Lyon, Col. Montgomery, Maj. Ogden, and others frequently mentioned in connection with transactions that go to make up the history of the county. The first election, held in what is now Davis County, was on November 29, 1854, at the house of Thomas Reynolds, near Ogden, for a member of Congress for the Ninth district. The Free- State candidate was R. P. Flenniken; the pro slavery candidate, J. W. Whitfield. Forty votes were cast. The first commissioners of the county were Robert Reynolds, C. L. Sand- ford and N. B. Whife, and the first meeting held by the board was at Riley City, on March 16, 1857. The commissioners present "* » ^ HISTORY OF KANSAS. 31 "JiiL at this meeting were Eobert Reynolds and C. L. Sandford. G. F. Gordon was appointed clerk p)-o teni., but E. L. Pattee was the first regularly appointed clerk. H. N. Williams was appointed sheriff, and was the first man in the county who held that office. The early settlers of Dickinson County were as follows: In Centre Township — Lenon family in 1855, but who left in 1858. The next were John Nash, William Lamb, A. Packard and W. H. Lamb, in 1858. Grant Township: T. F. Her.sey, in 1856; James Bell and E. W. Bradfield, in 1858. Liberty Township: C. W. Staatz, 1857; J. F. Staatz, C. F. Staatz and "William Brusson, 1858. Noble Township: G W. Freeman, John Erwin and the Pritchard brothers, 1858. Union Township: The Kandt family, the Koepkes and A. S. Blanchett, 1859. Eidge and Hope Townships: Settled by the Michigan colony in 1872, among its members being N. Thurstin, D. Cartier, A. Henque- net, M. Chase and others, about forty in all. Buckeye Township: M. P. Jolly and J. T. Stevenson, 1869, followed by the Buckeye colony in 1870, numbering about 200 souls. Cheever Township: First per- manent settler was M. H. Price, 1865. Several attempts at settle- ment had been made prior to this time, one as early as 1859 by a fam- ily named Hevington, from North Carolina, and by a family named Williams, in 1860. The Hevingtons took their departure in 1860, and the Williamses followed in 1860. The next attempt was made by two brothers named Murphy, in the spring of 1861. They left in the fall. The nest settler was Mr. Price, in 1865, followed by Robert Kimball and family in 1866. Mr. Kimball lost his wife by cholera in 1867, after which he left the county, leaving Mr. Price the sole settler in the township until 1869, when William Warnock and family settled on the claim abandoned by Kimball, and George Shry on the claim aban- doned in 1861 by Murphy. Mr. Warnock was drowned that same year in Chapman Creek, after which his family moved out of the township, and Mr. Shry, becoming discouraged, moved back to the State he came from, and thus again were Mr. Price and family left the sole inhabitants of the township. In 1870 came Eli George, Kev. J. Lattimer and E. W. Dow, and these were followed in 1871 by a col- ony from Illinois, known as the "Prohibition Colony," organized by Rev. W. B. Christopher, and numbering about fifty souls. Flora Township: T. C. Iliff and Harrison Flora, 1870. Jefferson Township: M. Rubin and C. Hoffman, 1860. Banner Township: H. H. Nottorf, 1860. Newbern Township: A. J. Markley and J. W. Shepard, 1859. Sherman Township: Daniel Jones, 1864, followed soon after by Kerby, ®Tv ^ k. 32 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Clemeos, Smutz, Shields, Dever brothers, Bayless and others. Logaa Township: J. G. Miller, William Hilcher, John Erick, D. J. Kim- merlj' and C. W. Abbey. Willowdale Township: W. G. Lewis, 1869, followed in 1869 by G. "W. Garten and William Campbell. Hayes Township: L. K. Warnock, G. B. Smith and the Thisslers. Garfield Township: K. G. Fleming, A. E. Cormach and J. H. Carkhuff. 1870. Wheatland Township: Henry Baker and Orlando Bonner, 1870. Lin- coln Township: H. Whitley and William Frost, in 1857. The first claims within the limits of Decatur County were taken by Col. J. A. Hopkins, in December, 1872, and by D. Coburn, S. M. Porter, John Griffith and Henry M. Play ford, in January, 1873. Col. Hopkins came in September, 1872. Mrs. H. P. Gaady was the first white woman that settled and lived in the county. The earliest settlement in Doniphan County was the Iowa and Sac Mission, under the auspices of the American Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, in charge of Rev. S. M. Irvin, who came to Kansas in 1837, and was the first white man to take up permanent residence in the then unorganized county. His wife accompanied him. Six months after the arrival of Mr. Irvin, Rev. William Hamilton Ciime to the mission. The following were members of the noted Squatter Sovereign Association which located here: J. R. Whitehead, A. M. Mitchell, H. Small wood, J. B. O' Toole, J. W. Smith, Sr., Samuel Montgomery, B. Harding, J. W. Smith, Jr., J. J. Keaton, T. W. Waterson, C. B. Whitehead, Anderson Cox and Joseph SicilifF. Previous to May, 1854, Douglas County was not open to settlement by white people, being held by the Shawnee Indians as a part of their reservation. As soon as the land was thrown open for settlement, squatters came in from Missouri and from the Western and North- western States to secure claims. Gen. Fremont had passed through the county, and later large numbers of California emigrants. Among the settlers who came into the county and settled along and in the vicinity of this road in the spring and early summer of 1854, were: J. W. Lunkins, of South Carolina, A. R. Hopper, Clark Stearns and William H. R. Lykins, A. B. and N. E. Wade, J. A. Wake- field, Calvin and Martin Adams, J. J. Eberhart, Brice W. Miller, J. H. Harrison, H. S. and Paul C. Eberhart, S. N. Wood. Mr. Eolfe, L. A. Lagerquest, James F. Legate, William Lyon and Josiah Hutchinson. On the Wakarusa, south of the road, Joel K. Goodwin settled in May, and William Breyman, July 18. T. W. and R. F. Barber settled near the site of Bloomington in 1855, and Oliver Barber -^ at the ^.me place June 1, L85T. During the same month John A. Bean, N. Alquine and M. Albin settled a little farther west, where now IS the village of Clinton, and a store was opened by the latter. As early as May, Napoleon N. Blanton was at Blanton's Bridge, which crossed the Wakarusa four miles directly south of Lawrence^ and G A\ . Zmn, A. W. and A. G. Glenn, M. S. Winter and William Shirley were among the settlers of 1854 on the site of Lecompton. On the present site of Vinland, Jacob Branson, Charles W. Do^vs Franklin N Coleman, George Cutler, F. B. Varnum. William White, Josiah Hargus and Harnson W. Buckley took claims during the year, and a httle farther south, at Baldwin Cty, were Robert and Richard Pier- son Jacob Cantrel and L. F. Green. Douglas, two miles southeast of Lecompton, was laid out on the claim of Paris Ellison, G W Clarke and others being associated with him as town proprietor;' and late m the year, William Harper and John Chamberlain settled at Big Springs. W. C^ and R. E. Edwards were among the very earliest set- tlers m Edwards County. They built the first brick building occu- pied as a court-house for many years. After them this county is said to have been named. In April, 1873, settlers came from Maine -N^ L. Humphrey, Beza Blanchard, F. C. Blanchard, his son W F. Blanchard, a son-in-law and two or three daughters. E k' Smart started a lumber-yard at Kinsley, in 1873; T. L. Rocrers opened a general store; N. C. Boles was the first postmaster 18 .r' ^r^ ''"'"■ '"^ ^"' ^°"°*^ ^^' ^'"^^'■'^ Graves, who came in 1856, and was twice driven out by the Indians. The land at this time belonged to the Osages. upon which legal settlement could not be made There was, however, extending along the northern part of the couny, s,xm.les wide, a " ceded strip." It was consequently along the streams included within this belt where the earliest settlement was made. But it was not long to be confined to this narrow limit Ad- venturous men, at the risk of their lives among the Indians, upon whose rights they were intruding, and with expectations of being driven oft by United States troops, determined to make an effort to settle here. Only a few at first made the attempt, and, in consequence their presence was not distasteful to the authorities or alarming to the Indians. Others began to come in, until in 1870 the number of "squat- ters had become quite considerable. Among those who were leaders o the vanguard, and who came to stay, were J. C. Pinney. James .Shipley, R. M. Humphrey, Elison Neat, H. G. Miller, J. B Roberts ^ A ^ and others. The first child born in the connty was Sarah F. Shipley, December 8, 1866. In 1864 or 1865 Fort Fletcher post was established in Ellis County, on Big Creek, about fourteen miles southeast of where Hays City now stands. The post was utterly destroyed by a flood in the spring of 1867. Immediately thereafter Fort Hays was established on its present site by Gen. Pope. Up to that time the county was with- out settlement, but the location of Fort Hays, and the near approach of the Kansas Pacific Railway, attracted a good many settlers to that locality, and then followed the founding of Hays City. Some early futile attempts to cultivate the prairie in the vicinity of Hays City were made. In 1871 Thomas Arrowsmith, J. H. Edwards, and Louis Watson tried farming near Ellis, but met with poor success. In 1872 ten or twelve homestead and preemption claims were all that had been settled iipon in the county. In that year a small colony from Ohio located at what is now known as Walker Station. Follow- ing this colony, two others, very limited in number, arrived the next year, one from New York, in and about Ellis, and one from Pennsyl- vania, at Hays City. That year George Grant arrived from England, and purchased of the railway company 50,000 acres of land m the county, for the purpose of colonizing it with English agriculturists. During the next two or three years two or three hundred Englishmen, many of them with families, located on the Grant purchase. A town was started on the line of railway, a few miles west of Walker, which was named Victoria. A stone depot, a handsome stone church, an elevator, and a store were introduced. In a short time the place had about twenty five houses and 150 people. Experience, however, soon taught the colonists that Ellis County was not an agricultural country, and meeting with nothing but failure and disappointment in their ef- forts at farming, they became discouraged, and began to return to England, and now, of all those that came, but very few remain. In 1879 the originator of the scheme, George Grant, died. The colony has ceased to exist. There is a large Russian colony in this county. The first couple married in Ellis County was Peter Tondell and Elizabeth Duncan, in 1868, and the first child born was John Bpuer, January 29, 1868. Ellsworth County was organized in 1867, but, antedating this by ten. years, attempts were made at settlement. P. M. Thompson, known by the early settlers as " Smoky Hill Thompson," Joseph Leh- man, D. H. Page, Adam Weadle, and D. Cushman, were the first who •^ s ^" HISTORY OF KANSAS. 35 made permaneut settlement. The next was made by Heary and Irwin Fairis, S. D. Walker, C L. and J. J. Prather. This party came in 1860, and located on Clear Creek. H. Wait and H. P. Spur^eon came late in 1860. Up to August, 1861, there was not a white woman in the county, but in that month a man named T. D. Bennett moved from Dickinson County with his wife. A man named Lewis came, with his family, in the fall of 1862. Indian troubles drove all the settlers away. Settlement was not revived until 1865, when Harry Anderson came. The next year came Rev. Levi Sternberg and family, and others. Gov. Thomas A. Osborn, in his proclamation providing for the organization of Ford County, April 5, 1873, appointed Charles Path, J. G. McDonald and Daniel Wolf special county commissioners, and Herman J. Fringer special county clerk. This body met at Dodge City, and made choice of Charles Rath as chairman of the board. James Hanrahan was appointed commissioner in place of Mr. Wolf, who was not in the county. An election for county officers was or- dered June 5, 1873, and at that election the following named persons were elected, the tirst body of officers for Ford County: Charles Rath, A. C. Myers and F. C. Zimmerman, county commissioners; Herman J. Fringer, county clerk and clerk of the district court; A. J. Anthony, county treasurer; Charles E. Bassett, sheriff; T. L. McCarty, coro- ner; H. Armitage, register of deeds; George B. Cox, probate judge; M. V. Cutter, county attorney. M. Collar was trustee of Dodge Township; P. T. Bowen and Thomas C. Nixon, justices of the peace. A C. Myers was selected chairman of this board; M. V. Cutter resigned the position of county attorney, and was appointed commis- sioner, vice Rath, resigned July 24, 1873; M. V. Cutter was appointed chairman vice Myers. The county was divided into two miiuicipal townships, Dodge and Ford. Owing to the fact that most of the land in Franklin County was occupied by a number of different tribes of Indians, the titles to whose reservations were not extinguished until 1862, 1864 and 1867, the settlement of the county was not so early as that of adjoining counties. Along the northern edge, however, on what was known as the " Shawnee purchase," a strip of land about three miles wide, the Shawnee title to which was extinguished by the treaty of May 10, 1854, a number of settlements were made in that year. The first settler in the county was Reuben Hackett, near the west line of Hayes Township, on June 7, 1854. Amos Hanna moved ^ ^J^ 36 HISTORY OF KANSAS. in about the same time. Quite a number of others came during the same year, among them, Rev. William Moore and four or live sons, who settled about a inile east of the present location of Norwood. The first settlement in Graham County was made May 18, 1872, by W. E. Ridgely, on the northeast section of the county, his nearest neighbor being at Logan, Kas., eight miles distant. From that date until the census was taken in November, 1876, there were but seven- ty-five inhabitants in the county. The iirst settlement in Greenwood County was made in the spring of 1856, by colonists from Mississippi, who came with the avowed in- tention of helping to make Kansas an ally of the Southern slave-hold- ing States. These pro-slavery people drifted away to more congenial soil on the breaking out of the war. A few anti-slavery men were sprinkled about the county in the fall of 1856, but real settlement did not take place in any considerable numbers until the spring of 1859, which saw a party of new comers in Lane and Madison Townships, among whom were D. Vining, Austin and Fred Norton, Anderson Hill, Wesley Pearsons, Mark Patty, Myrock Huntley, E. E. Holder- man, William Martindale, E. G. Duke, James and W. F. Osborn, Isaac Sharp and David Smyth. In July of this year came Josiah Kinnaman, Archibald Johnston, Peter Ricker, Adam Glaze, John Baker, W^ayne Sumner and William Kinnaman. The earliest settlement in Harper County was by M. Devore, H. E. Jesseph, John Lamar and William Thomas, near the east line of the county in 1876. No further settlement was attempted until the arrival of the party who laid out and built Harper City. The first wedding in the county took place at Harper, on September 22, 1878, and vinited Dr. J. W' . Madra and Miss Mary Glenn. H. Nieman, who took up a claim in Richland Township in June, 1869, was the first settler in Harvey County. Other early settlers were Kimball, Howard, George F. Perry, William Cleveland, M. Alexander, Seth Goodley, Lawrence, Wilcox, A. G. Richardson, C. S. Fink, R. W. Denny, Joel and Jesse Parker. H. W. Bailey, B. P. Parks, S. Saylor, T. Ezra, R. Smith, Edward Doty, Thomas Winn, C. E. Berry, E. Marks, O. B. Hildreth, William Geary, I. Stockwell, O. B. Gingress, James Allen, Palmer and Daniel Heath, F. P. and A. E. Munch, A. W. Baker, Mile Davids, Joshua Perkins, John Hengst, C. W. Patterson, J. V. Sharp, H. Beery, F. Livingston, J. S. and F. W. H. Hackney, J. C, W. E. and J. M. Johnston, R. T. Elwood, J. L. Caveny, W. Davis, James McMurray, James Patterson, -^^ HISTORY OF KANSAS. 37 John Gorgas, Jolin W. Blades, Willium aad Charles Bean, E. C. Man- ner, G. Webster, Theodore Kline, John N. Corgan, G. L. Cooper, J. Schoonover, A. Olson, Allen Miller, L. D. and A. Brewer, John Harlan, J. and P. Ray, L. B. Owen, D. E. Sheldon, H. D. and C. Kettle, D. Denny, S. Chamberlain and S. A. Powell. Settlement in Hodgeman Count}' was begun in the spring of 1877. Amoag the early settlers in different parts of Jackson County were J. W. AVilliams, John Rippetoe, A. W. Bainbiidge, William Cunning- ham, Hugh Piper, John Piper, David R. Rice, Rufus J. Rice, Josiah Soule, John N. Willard, Luther M. Myers, George Coleman, Stephen J. Elliott, R. S. Gillies, B. H. Bradshaw, Edward McNieve, E. L. Stalker, W. H. Chase, George Baiubridge, Chauncey J. Cowell, George W. Drake, Simeon Fees, Garrett Groomer, Godfrey Hafer, W. K. Lutz, Jacob Morroid, Walter Palmenter, George Smith, Cyrus G. Waynant, John Arnold, W. G. Bainett, Thomas Fennell, B. Hafer, J. F. Pomeroy, A. Ash, J. H. Bateman, J. H. Thompson, John Hibbard, S. J. Rose, R. L. Thornton, William Cline, W. Bran- ham, E. Fairbanks, William Knipe, Henry Runcier, Jacob Kern, Roger O'Meara, P. B. Rust, J. H. Sutherlatjd, I. Travis, Andrew Brown, John M. Duff, Henry Haub, Michael O'Neill, George T. Watkins, George C. Weibles, D. R. Williams. The first settlement in Jefferson County, as well as in Kansas, was that of Daniel Morgan Boone, son of Daniel Boone, the Kentucky pioneer. Between the years 1805 and 1815, the elder Boone often spent months in hunting along the Kaw or Kansas River, for a dis- tance of 100 miles or more from its mouth, a portion of this time being spent in the southern part of the present Jefferson County. Returning fi'om his hunts he gave glowing accounts of the country to his family. In the spring of 1SG2, William Har.shberger and wife settled upon land adjoining the present town of White Rock, and John Furrows took a claim just west of Mr. Harshberger' s farm. They formed the first settlement in Jewell County, built cabins and broke ground, but were soon driven away by well-grounded fears of Indian raids. A second attempt at settlement was made in the spring of 1866. Will- iam Belknap took a claim five miles west of the present town of White Rock; John Marling, with his wife and child, settled near the present town of Reubens; Nicholas Ward, his wife and adopted son, Mrs. Sutzer and son, Al. Dart, Arch. Bump, Erastns Bartlett and a man by the name of Flint, tojk claims east of that town. In August ▲ ^1 :i^ 38 HISTORY OF KANSAS. of this year a party of forty Cheyennes attacked Marliog's cabin, and while he was gone for assistance the savages entered his house, dragged his wife into the woods with a rope around her neck, and hor- ribly outraged her. They then stole everything they could find, set fire to the cabin and dashed off before Mr. Marling could obtain assistance. After this, the entire settlement left their homes. A few days afterward, learning that the rumors of a general massacre were groundless, they returned to their claims. They rested in fancied security until the following April, when occurred a bloody massacre which effectually destroyed the little settlement. Of the original members of the settlement who were not victims of this massacre Mr. Flint was absent at Clyde, the Darts were absent, Mr. Marling, wife and child had returned to Missouri, and Messrs. Bump and Davis had been waylaid and shot in Cloud County during the previous May. The survivors, including Mr. Rice, all left the county after this horri- ble affair. Settlempnt was resumed in 1868, and went forward with- out further serious interruption by Indians. Previous to the advent of the Shawnee Indians in 1828, but little was known of what is now Johnson County by white people. In common with the whole of the present State of Kansas, it was occu- pied, when occupied at all, by the Kaw Indians. As soon as a largo portion of the reservation was thrown open for settlement, large num- bers rushed in t'> secure claims. Few of the earliest settlers remained in the county. Among those who settled in the county during 1857 were the following free-Staters : Thomas E. Milhoan, William Will- iams, Rynear Morgan, William. Holmes, Dr. Irving Jaynes, J. D. Allen, J. C. Forrest and L. F. Bancroft; and on the pro slavery side. Dr. J. B. Morgan, Col. J. T. Quarles, T. H. Ellis, A. Slaughter, James H.. Nounan, C. C. Catron, W. S. Gregory, Jonathan Gore, A. J. Turpin, Dr. Shuck and M. T. Wells. Daring the time of the occu- pancy of the county by the Shawnee Indians, few white men became residents of it, and they only in some connection with the Indians. The earliest were the Choteau brothers, Frenchmen, who built trading houses among the Shawnees and Dslawares in 1828 and 1829. Rev. Thomas Johnson and family came in 1829. Samuel Cornatzer came to the mission in 1814, Mr. Crockett, nephew of Davy Crocketl, Janu- ary 24, 1847; ani at difFtirent times, Perk Rindall, John Bowles, Isaac Parish, Samuel Garrett, John Owens, John Boyle and Calvin Cornatzer. The first actual settler in Kingman County was Martin UpdegrafF, >t^ 6 ^^ ^n S fy HISTORY OF KANSAS. 39 on the Cbikaskia. Mr. UpJegrafF made settlement in February, 1873, and was followed a few months later by J. K. and S. F. Fical and Charles Barr, and two or three others. In the spring of 1874 came W. H. Childs. H. L. Ball, A. D. Culver, H. S. Bush, W. P. Brown and W. H. Mosher. In the course of the year, several others came in, who located chiefly in the central portion of the county along the Ninnescah. That year an Indian scare occurred, and nearly all the settlers had fled the county. The years 1875 and 1876 were not remarkable for the arrival of many new settlers coming into the county, but the year 1877 was not a month old when Samuel David- son, E. S. Allen, R. T. Nolan, John Jackson, C. M. Tack, H. J. Golds- borough and William Green all settled in the eastern part of the county, followed immediately after by large numbers of others. As early as 1853 Dr. George Lilse, formerly a prominent physi- cian of Belmont, Ohio, obtained leave from A, J. Dorn. Indian agent, to settle in the southeast part of what is now Labette County, where he carried on a trading business and kept a sort of gun shop. Prior to this, however, James Childers had established a trading post near the same place. Besides those named, this settlement numbered several others, among whom were G. Hanson, William Doudna, George Walker, Larkin McGee, McMurphy, the Rogers and Blythe families, etc. In the early part of 1858 Rev. J. P. Barnaby, of the Southern Methodist Church, established a circuit including this settlement and embracing about 150 miles around. In October of that year Rev. J. E. Ryan succeeded to the circuit. These parties, with a number of half-breeds and Cherokee Indians along the Neosho, made up the bulk of the settlement, up to the beginning of the Rebellion. At an early stage of the war Mathews allied himself to the cause of the Confed- eracy, organized a body of Confederate troops, some of whom killed Union men and brutally treated the inhabitants; burned the town of Humboldt, leaving only the Masonic lodge standing. Several futile attempts were made to capture the l)and, which was finally pursued by United States troops under Col. Blunt, overtaken near Chetopa. and Mathews shot and killed, and his houses at Oswego burned. These acts of disorder and invasion almost annihilated the settlement. From 18G0 to 1805 there were only two white men living within the limits of the county. These were S. M. Collins and A. T. Dickerman, near Erie, and who, in July, 1805, by permit of White Hair, chief of the Osages, removed four miles south of the present site of Oswego. During the fall of 1865 the return of refugee settlers began. Settlers ^ "a _ A> ^1 .k 40 HISTORY OF KANSAS. came along the Neosho valley, extending to the line of the Indian Territory, J. C. Rexford, A. P. Elsbee, C. C. Clover, D. M. Clover, Ber- gen Van Ness, C. E. Simmons, B. F. Simmons, John Modesitt, Norris Harrar, Cal. Watkins, William White and sons, Grant Reaves and others being of the number. The new8 of the treaty of September 25, 1865, being made with the Osage Indians, and the prospect of the land being soon opened to settlement, was the main stimulus in bringing in settlers, who soon flocked in by the hundreds. It was in this county that the celebrated Benders plied their murderous trade. The first land claimed in Kansas by citizens of the United States, after the passage of the Kansas Nebraska ast, was at Leavenworth. June 12, 1854, Gen. George W. Gist, Samuel Farnandis, and John C Gist, staked off and marked the claims. It had been the opinion of many would-be set- tlers that the city Was destined to be located at Fort Leavenworth. But the Government had no intention of abandoning it as a military post, aad accordingly, the nest day after Gen. Gist and his friends had staked their claims, a meeting was called at Weston fur the for- mation of a town association. The various squatters in Leavenworth and vicinity, who had taken claims near the coming city of Fort Leavenworth, held a meeting at Riveley's store, in Salt Creek Valley, June 10, 1854, the first squatter meetiug ever held in the Territory, and it was resolved to relinquish all rights and titles to the future town association; hence, when it was formed on June 13, everything appeared harmonious. The original proprietors were mostly citizens of Missouri, residing at this time at or near Weston. Gen. Gist was elected president; H. Miles Moore, secretary; Joseph B. Evans, treas- urer; Amos Rees, L. D. Bird and Mij. E. A. Ogden, trustees; com- mittee on by-laws: L. D. Bird, O. Diefendorf and H. Miles Moore. Subsequent to the first meeting, James W. Hardesty and W. S. Yohe were admitted as original members of the association. Including the two last named gentlemen there were thiity-two original proprietors, classified as follows: Ministers, three; lawyers, four; doctors, five; printers, two; merchants, four; surveyor.-^, one; army officers, two army clerks, one; farmers, eight. The settlement of Lincoln County was begun in 1865 by George Green, E. E. Johnson, R. B. Clark, D. C. Skinner, J. M. Adams, Isaac De Graft' and W. E. Thompson. In the spring of 18(36 Wash- ington Smith, W. T. Wild, John Dart and two young men named Peate and Gaskill became permanent residents of Lincoln. October 4, 1866, M. D. Greea, Martin and William Hendrickson, Volany HISTORY OF KANSAS. 41 Ball, John S. Straage, D.ivid Gr. Bacon, M. Zeigler, Thomas Noon, J. C. Parks and families settled throughout the county. For several years buffalo hunting was the chief pursuit. This county was the scene of some Indian outrages. With the exception of M. Dutisne, Girard and Chouteau were proba- bly the tirst white men in what is now Linn County. The first to set- tle in the county, with the view to making improvements, were James Osborne and Adam Pore, in January, 1854, at the head of Little Sugar Creek, about two miles from the present site of Mound City. D. W. Cannon, John Brown and William H. Murray, all pro- slavery, and William Park, James Osborne and James Montgomery, free- State, came in the same year; the latter in August, buying the claim on which he lived the rest of his life, for $11, paying $5 down, and promising to pay the additional ?6 some time in the future. By common agreement, the first settler in Lyon County (then not organized) was Charles H. Withington, in the extreme northern part, on the old Santa Fe road, June, 1854. Mr. Withington was one of the earliest settlers of the State, coming to Kansas in 1846, being gun- smith to the Sac and Fox ladians. Removing to Council Grove five years later, he opened a store for the Santa Fe and Indian trade. In 1857, when the bulk of early immigration flowed to this county, and for years afterward, he was prominent in all important affairs locally. His house was a hotel, and his store the only one in Southern Kansas, except those of the regular Indian posts. Oliver Phillips, Chris. Ward and J. S. Pigman came in 1855. Other settlers were Charles Johnson, James H. Phenis, David Vangundy, John Rosenquist, Joseph Moon, Rev. Thomas J. Addis, Lorenzo Dow, R. H. Abraham, William Grims- ley, Thomas Shockley, Joseph Ha lley, William H. Eikenbery, Joel Haworth, Dr. Gregg, Mr. Carver, James Hendricks, Albei't Watkins, John Fowler, G. D. Humphrey, L. H. Johnson, Charles N. Link, Sol Pheanis, Moses Puckett, Silas Howell, D. Roth, Isaac Cos, Eli Davis, Curtis Hiatt, Andrew Hinshaw, W. J. Carney, Milton Chamness, N. Lockerman, P. W. Manning, Mr. Taylor and S. G. Brown. The first settlement made in Marion County was by an Irishman named Moses Shane, at the spot where now stands Florence, early in the spring of 1858. He built a log house, broke several acres of ground, and resided there until his death, in 1859. Patrick Doyle, in 1859, located near Florence, but soon afterward returned to Leaven- worth; in a few years he returned. In August, 1859, the first white child, named Welsh, was born in the county, two miles from Florence. >>--^ A 42 HISTORY OF KANSAS. / Its pareots emigrated to Kansas from Wisconsin. The Lost Springs trading post was established in 1859, on the Santa Fe trail. In the fall, A. A. Moore established a trading post at Cottonwood Crossing, later "Moore's Ranch." The first in McPherson County, who remained long enough to be called a settler, was Isaac Sharp, who lived upon Sharp's Creek (after whom thecreek was named) during the winter of 1859-60, on what is now known as the Maxwell estate. He traded with the Indians, trapped and hunted. He came from Pennsylvania, and brought with him his father and mother. The latter died, and was buried upon the creek. Mrs. Sharp was, without doubt, the first white woman who resided in McPherson County. When the war of the Rebellion broke out, the Western Indians became troublesome, and Mr. Sharp removed to Coun- cil Grove. Shortly after Mr. Sharp cams to the county, a man named Lewis settled upon the Smoky, below Marquette, on the farm now owned by Solomon Stephens. He was also a trapper and a trader, but made some improvements upon his claim, and a strip of land plowed by him can yet be distinguished, although nearly gone back to the native sod. A man named Peters also came to Sharp' s Creek, shortly after Mr. Sharp. He died, and was buried upon the creek. From the time of the removal of Mr. Sharp from the county, until the settlement in 1860, there were only occasional visits of traders and trappers. One of the first white men to settle in Miami County was David Lykins, in 1844, as missionary to the confederated tribes of Indians. Other missionaries and teachers came to these tribes and to the Miamis, from time to time, and also traders, all of whom came to aid or live among the Indians. In 1854 bona fide settlers began to arrive, with the object of making homes for themselves, and developing the re- sources of the country. Among these, in various parts of the county, were S. H. Houser, Daniel Goodrich, C. A. Foster, John Childers, Harmon Dace, C H. Crane, John Serpell, William Chestnut, S. T . Adair, R. W. Wood, O. C. Brown, Knowles, Isaac, Cyrus and Will- iam Shaw, T. J. Hedges, D. L. Peery, W. A. Heiskell, David Anden-ou and William Blair. In the fall of 1867 a few settlers moved into Mitchell County, and in the spring of 1868 several log houses were built along the river, from the east line to Solomon Rapids. The first actual white settler was Joseph Decker, early in 1866, north of the village of Glen Elder. Mr. Decker filed on this quarter-section of laud at the Junction City *7U r HISTORY OF KANSAS. 43 land office, and came on with quite a large herd of cattle and built a dug-out and broke a little spot for garden. Before fall the Indians drove off his cattle, and he abandoned the country. Among the earliest permanent settlers were Hon. John Reese, Thomas Howie, William Joiner, Matthias Nelson, David Bogardns, B. Bell, AVhit Mc- Connell, Tunis Bulis, James Farow, James Duff, H. A. Bell, John White- hurst and his sons, Vinton and Abraham, and John Smith. Early in the spring of 1868 nearly all of these settlers were making primitive im- provements, from the east line of the county west as far as Solomon Rapids. The first settler in Montgomery County was G. L. Canada, in 1806, at Claymore; the second was Daniel Wilson, in the northeast part of the county in 1866. Those who settled in 1867 were Zach- ariah Crow, Terwilliger and William Rutherford. Among those who came during the next year were John Russell, J. B. Rowley, Patrick Dugan, William Reed, William Roberts, Christian Greenongh, John Hanks, H. W. Coniad, Alexander Duncan, J. A. Twlss, Col. Coffey, O. F. Johns, J. Roberts, T. C, J. H. and A. Graham, P. R. Jordon, G. W. and W. L. Mays, H. A. Bethuran, J. H. Conrad, Moses Roller. R. Stallcup, M. McGowen, R. M. Bennett, John Campbell, Jacob Thompson, Thomas Brock, J. Kappell, Levi Mann, Philip Waldron, N. P. ^Morgan, A. P. Patter, W. Sherill, J. Simmons, Rachel Greeno, J. Weddell, Mortimer Goodell, E. Goodell, D. R. B. Flora, R. W. Dunlap, John Melntyre, Mrs. E. C. Powell, Thomas C. Evans, Lewis Choteau. Brewer, Pierce, George Spece, Dr. Koutz and James Parkinson. No improvement of importance had yet been made, so that up to 186'J there were but few and scattered evidences of anything except Indian occupancy. Morris is another of the counties which was opened to settlement by the great Santa Fe trail. Settlement began at Council Grove. J. C. Munkers, in Munkers' Creek, was the first settler elsewhere in the county. In January, 1854 W. W. Moore came from St. Joseph and located in Nemaha County, in the jiroximity of Baker's Ford, on the Nemaha, some nine miles from Seneca. This point was afterward known as Ur- bana. It was near the center of immediately subsequent settlements. In February of the same year, Walter D. Beeles settled north of Moore's place, and in March, Greenberry Key, Thomas, John C. and Jacob B. Newton locating upon the Nemaha, somewhat to the south, in April. John O'Laughlin took a valuable claim on Turkey Creek. On July \^ s r- ^"i & \ 44 HISTORY OF KANSAS. 4 a meeting of the settlers was held at Urbana, to arrange for their mutual protection in their claims. John Castle was chairman, and George T. Bobst, secretary. At the time of this meeting, no settle- ment, except in the vicinity of the Nemaha, had been efPected west of the Wolf River and Harding's station; the early settlement of Nemaha County, preceding the formal ceding of the Northern Kan- sas lands by the Indians, being due to the understanding that a twenty- mile strip along the valley of the Nemaha, and extending southward some ways, was " neutral land," to which the Indians had no claim. The treaty by which the Osages relinquished the "ceded lands"' to the United States was concluded September 29, 1865, and proclaimed January 21, 1867. Before the former date, in some of the townships of Neosho County, as now organized, quite a number of settlers had taken claims, in anticipation of the removal of the Indians. So far as ascertainable, the following-named persons were the first, or among the first: Dr. W. W. Hill (who came in 1851, and was killed in his own door-yard by a mob, November 1, 1806), Levi Hadden, Simeon ^V. and James A. Hadden, Solomon Markham and his four sons, J. L. Fletcher, S. Barbee, H. Schooley, Thomas Hadden, Darius Rodgers, Benjamin M. Smith, Thomas Jackson, S. E. Beach, T. R. Peters, M. Kittermau, William Box, David Lowery, J. C. Comstock, E. J. Pierce, W. I. Brewer, Reuben Lake, Joseph Cummings, Henry and John Wikle, John Blair, George T. Shepherd, A. A. Ashlock, M. J. Salter, John Post, I. N. Roach, W. C. Dickerson, S. Rosa, M. L. and Frank Mc- Cashu, Dr. Dement, M. A. Patterson, J. L. Evans, I. M. Allen, John Johnson, D. T. Mitchell, P. Walters, R. Leppo, E. F. Williams, P. McCarthy, John C. Weibley, Capt. John Berry, J. A. Wells, A. H. Childs, James Hoagland, A. H. Roe, J. Naff and D. W. Bray. Ness County did not settle very rapidly at first, but its few early residents were ambitious and enterprising, and very anxious to secure a county oro-anization. In 1873, on the claim that the county had, by the assessor's returns, 600 inhabitants, a petition for an organization was sent to the governor. The county was organized October 23, 1873, O. H. Perry, Thomas Myers and John Rogers being appointed special county commissioners, and Charles McGuire special county clerk. It was disorganized in 1874, and reorganized in 1880. The iirst actual settler in Norton County was Shelby D. Pieed, in Centre Township, in April, 1872. In the fall of the samo year Thomas Beaumont, Henry Gordon and Peter Hanson settled in the southern section of the county, near the Solomon Rivor. Hanson ^\ HISTORY OF KANSAS. 45 opened the first farm in the spring of 1872, several months before he became an actual settler. The first families to make permanent set- tlement were James Hall's and Daniel C. Coleman's, on the Prairie Dog, twelve miles east of Norton; they came in 1872. During the same season Joel Simmons, W. E. Case, Charles and John Beiber, G. N. Kingsbury, Henry Oliver, Solomon Marsh, Charles Hilsinger and Joel Mott settled in the county. Soon after came Col. N. H. Billings, who became the first representative in the Legislature. When Kansas was formed as a Territory, May 30, 1854, the only white settlers within the present limits of Osage County were two men living on One Hundred and Ten Creek, at the crossing of the Santa Fe Trail, and who had married Shawnees. Besides these, there were a few at the Sac and Fox agency. The first settler after May 30, 1854, was John Frelo, who came with his family soon after that date, and stopped at the poiiit on the Santa Fe trail where Burlingame now is. The only person living anywhere in the neighborhood was a Shawnee Indian, who had a cabin by a spring, in what is now the northern part of the above-named town. Frele bought this claim, and moved into the cabin. The next winter a son was born to Mrs. Frele. This was the first white child born in the county. Osborne County's earliest settler lived near Twelve-mile Creek and, was drowned in the winter of 1820. Zara M. Hill made the first entry of land on the north fork of the river, between Downs and Bethany. The first settlement in Ottawa County was made in May, 1855, by William Still, George Darling and a Frenchman named La Pierre, near the mouth of Coal Creek, but the Sioux troubles drove them away. The first permanent settlers came in 1859. They were S. M. Wright, E. W. Branch, Jacob Hamburger, H. R. Little and Josiah Hockei'. The first white women in the county were Mrs. S. M. Wright and Mrs. E. W. Branch, who located with their husbands in 1859. Early events in the history of Pawnee County are thus recounted: In 1872 George B. Cox settled in Earned To.wnship; a colony from Geneva, Ohio, settled in Garfield Township in May, 1873; Adams Peabody in Pleasant Valley Township, in 1873; Gallatin Brown in Brown's Grove Township, in 1875. Colegrove & Russell established a general store at Earned in June, 1872; E. W. Grover, at Garfield, in 1873; George B. Cox, at Earned, in 1872. In 1862 a post-office was established at the military post at Fort Earned. The first settlement in Phillips County was made in 1869 by C. J. Van Allen, who pre-empted a farm east of Kirwin. He built the first _S) ^ log bouse in the county, and his father in-law, Samuel Bales, the first frame house. Previous to this time, however, the Gavernment sent Col. Kirwin (for whom the principal town in the county was named), who erected a stockade fort, just after the close of the war, to prevent the encroachments of Indians, and for protection of overland California emigrants. This stockade was abandoned by the Government with the advent of the early settlers. In 1870 the Indians became troublesome and the settlers built a stockade, in the east part of what is now Kir- win, for safety in case of an attack. The stockade was constructed of logs ten feet long, placed endwise in the ground. William Martell, Antoine Tasier, Bazile Greemore, Francis Ber- gen, Robert Wilson, A. Higben, Joseph Truckee, O. H. P. Polk, Bap V tise Ogee, Mrs. B. H. Bertrand, Mrs. Joseph Bertrand, Mrs. Amable Bertrand, and Zoa Durcharm, were the earliest settlers of Pottawa- tom ie County. They were here years before the passage of the Kan- sas-Nebraska bill. Eobert Wilson took the first claim in 1853, on the land where now stands Louisville, and erected the first house in the county outside the Pottawatomie reserve. It was used as a hotel for many years. Judge Huggins and Dr. Sabin erected the first flouring- mill in 1856. The settlement of Pratt County is recent. The first actual settler was A. J. Johnson, who located in the vicinity of Springvale, in the fall of 1873, the first man in the county to break sod and raise a crop. J. W. Black and A. Kelly also located in the southwest corner of the county. I. M. Powell was next, in September, 1875. The first male child in the county was born to Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Black, in September, 1875, and was named Pratt. The first female child in the county was horn to Mr. and Mrs. I. M. Powell, in 1875. August C. Blume, August Deitleff, Albert E. Lange, Charles Nast and Antone Stermer, five Germans, made the first settlement in Raw- lins County in April, 1875. When they came they saw a roving baud of Cheyenne Indians. Three of these men remained in the county, the others returned East. The first settlement in Reno County was made by Lewis M. Thomas, November, 1870; the second settler was J. H. D. Rosan; the third was John Hunt. In March, 1871, Rosan, his brother (C. W. Rosan) and Charles Street drove in a large herd of Texas cattle. Other settlers came in rapidly afterward. For a long time the Republican River was the boundary line be- tween the white and Indian territory, consequently the early settle- .u HISTOllY OF KANSAS. 47 ments of Republic County were the scene of Indian outrages. Daniel and Conrad Myers, the oldest settlers in the county, located February 28, 18(31. During the most trying period of the early settlement, Conrad never left his claim, but Daniel sought a more safe retreat, and returned after danger had passed. During the war the Indians were very savage, and made many raids upon the settlers. They all proved futile; the frontier did not recede, but steadily advanced, until the Republican River became the boundary line. At this time the nearest settlement was in Cloud County, at Lake Sibley, which, however, was soon deserted on account of the hostile Indians. The nearest post- o£Sce was Manhattan, eighty miles away. Rice County was settled in 1870, by John A. Carlson, Andrew John- son, C. S. Lindell, August Johnson, John E. Johnson, John P. John- son, O. W. Peterson, R. M. Hutchinson, A. J. Howard, J. E. Perdue and others. In the latter part of 1853 a Tennesseean, by the name of Samuel D. Dyer, was running a Government ferry at Juniata, about one mile below Rocky Ford, ou the Big Blue, in Riley County. Soon after, the Government built a bridge at this point, but in 1855 it was swept away by a flood. Mr. Dyer, the first white inhabitant of Riley County, died in February, 1875. His house has been described as "one story high and two stories long." The first settlers in Rooks County were ten persons engaged in the stock business, named James, Thomas, Joseph, John and Francis Mc- Nulty (brothers, originally from Massachusetts), Tunis Bulas, John Wells, John Powell, Seal Northup and Capt. J. Ow3ns. They arrived in January, 1871, and all took the first claims made in the county, in what afterward became Stockton Township. With the exception of James McNiilty and Capt. Owens, all became permanent residents. Soon after these settlers followed John Shorthill, in Lowell Township. Mrs. Robert E. Martin, who came with her husband and family in the fall of 1871, was the first woman who settled in Rooks County. Fol- lowing these early settlers came Thomas Boy] an, Henry Purdy, S. C. Smith, M. M. Stewart, G. W. Patterson, Henry Hill, George Steele, John Russell, Lyman Randall, John Lawson, W. H. Barnes, George W. Beebe, the Dibbles, Parks and others. The early settlers of Rush County found buffalo in abundance, and derived much of their living therefrom. F. E. Garner built the first frame house in the county. A\'illiam Basham and P. C. Dixon came to Pioneer Township in the fall of 1870. Mr. Basham was the first white settler in the county. The first family was that of J. S. Temple- ^^ — ^ ^ — "[^^ 48 HISTORY OF KANSAS. ton, who settled near the present site of Walnut City, now Rush Cen- ter, August 1, 1871. Samuel Alpha, son of Mr. and Mrs. Templeton, was the first child born in the county. James Corrall and Joseph Shaw Brown settled in Brookdale Township in 1871; A. Harvey and J. C. Young in Alexander Township, in 1872; A. Reiner in Ban- ner Township, in 1873; D. A. Stubbs and S. W. Taylor in La Crosse Township, in 1876. Prior to 1869, Russell County was without a settler. In July, of that year, A. E. Mathews settled on a claim at the eastern edge of the county, about three miles southwest of Wilson. About that time coal had been discovered in that locality, and the object of Mathews was more to engage in coal mining than farming. He was the first white person to take up a residence within the borders of Russell County. In November, 1870, C M. Harshburger, James Dorman, James Haight and Samuel Janes took claims on East Wolf Creek, and went into camp, and passed the winter hunting buffalo and antelope, of which there were plenty. These were followed in the winter of 1870-71 by C. M Hibbard, A. C. and Charles Birdsall, N. R. Cowan and John Deering, all of whom, excepting Deering, returned to their homes after selecting their claims. In 1869 some section hands, while at work on the railway, had been killed by Indians, and as roving bands of red men would frequently come to the county on hunting expeditions, Deering deemed it advisable to be prepared for all emergencies that might arise; and to make himself as secure as possible against any attack, he surrounded his shanty with a stockade made of logs, pierced at intervals with loopholes. The Northwestern Colony, of which Ben- jamin Pratt was president, was organized at Ripon, Wis., in January, 1871. Russell County was decided upon as the place to locate, and they arrived at Fossil Station, now Russell, on the 19th of April. There were about seventy persons in the colony, and among them five families. From the arrival of this colony may be dated the permanent settlement of the county. Another colony, biit much smaller, from Ohio, located ten miles east of Russell, on the Kansas Pacific Railway, where they started a town named Bunker Hill. Settlers now began to come in and locate in different parts of the county. The first attempt at settlement in Saline County was that made by P. B. Plumb (now United States Senator from Kansas), Maj. Pierce and Mr. Hunter. This party, as earlj' as 1856, came as far west as the mouth of the Saline River, where they projected a town on the south side of the river, to which they gave the name of Mariposa. The ^1 t^ HISTORY OF KANSAS. 49 town grew to the dimensioas of one log house above ground, and a well under ground, when it was abandoned, and Saline County was left without an inhabitant. The second session of the Territorial Legislature chartered, in 1856, a company that had been organized under the name of the "Buchanan Town Company," taking its name from the President of the United States, elected that year. A large tract of land was selected, a portion of which was set apart for a public square. Eight log cabins were erected by the company in 1857, two on each side of the square, and the town of Buchanan was now established. Only two of the cabins were ever occupied. The head of this enter- prise was Richard Mobley, who resided at Ogden, in Riley County, and who was a member of the Lecompton Constitutional Convention.' He occupied one of the cabins with his wife and child, but the latter dying soon after, Buchanan was abandoned, and once more Saline County was left without a settler. Two or three years afterward the last vestige of Buchanan perished in the prairie fire's flames. In the •spring of 1858 W. A. Phillips came to the Smoky Hill Valley in com- pany with A. M. Campbell and James Muir. On arriving at the Saline, they found that some one had put up a log cabin on the northeast bank of the stream, not far from the Government bridge, and close to the cabin was a hay stack at which some buffaloes were eating. On going up to the cabin they found it deserted. From the Saline, they pushed on up to the Smoky until they reached that point where the river turned due south, and here they drove their stakes, located a town site, to which they gave the name of Salina, and this was the first perma- nent settlement made in Saline County. In March, 1858, John and Goothart Schipple, brothers, being the party who had erected the log cabin on the bank of the Saline, returned and settled upon their claim, which they had only temporarily abandoned during the winter of 1857-58. The first bona fide white settler in Sedgwick County was C. C. Arnold, who came in 1857 with a party of hunters, and remained in the county. Mr. Arnold came from CofPey County, and his companions were Ed. S. Moseley, Mr. Maxley, Thompson Crawford, Robert Dun- lap, Robert Durackin and Jacob Gary. Maxley and Moseley located a "ranch " or Indian trading post on the Little Arkansas, a short dis- tance above the present site of Wichita. The others built a cabin and cultivated a little land on v^hat now constitutes William T. Jewett's farm on the Arkansas River, on the old town site of Park City. Their especial business was that of capturing buffalo cows and calves for ^ eastern parks and traveling menageries. Maxley was drowned in the Kansas River in 1864. Moseley had previously taken a claim in Wil- son County, and, having entered it, moved into Humboldt, Allen County, and engaged in the butchering business. In the fall of 1868 or spring of 1864, he again became a trader and Nimrod; his last scene of active life being laid at Medicine Lodge and the surrounding country, and a short time after leaving Humboldt he vpas murdered by Osage Indians. Next in order, disputing with C. C. Arnold the first settlership, was John Ross, a farmer, who, in 1860, settled upon what is now the Jewett farm, eight miles northeast of Wichita. Mr. Ross removed from Wilson County with his wife and children, built a house and began the work of a farmer. He was murdered in June of the same year by a band of Osage Indians. In the fall of 1863 J. R. Mead established a trading post on the site of Wichita, where he traded with the Indians for several years. This section of the Arkansas Valley, during the early days of Mr. Mead's residence, was the hun- ter's paradise. During a period of three weeks, assisted by two em- ployes, he killed 330 buffalo, saved 300 hides and 3,500 pounds of tallow, realizing from their labor the sum of $400, and killing, in addi- tion, considerable other gam^, including a large number of antelope and one elk. The Hist child known to have been born in the county was Sedgwick Hoover, whose parents still reside in Wichita Township. He was born December 23, 1869. The first marriage occurred in the winter of 1869-70. Probably the first man that settled among the Indians in Shawnee County was Frederick Chouteau, who in 1830 started a trading post on Mission Creek, about two miles south of the Kansas River. During the same year Rev. William Johnson, of the Shawnee mission, began his missionary labors among the Kaws. In 1835 the southern portion of the Government farm was established in the valley of Mission Creek, and a portion of it was plowed by Maj. Daniel Boone, a grand- son of the famous borderman. Mission buildings were erected the same year. The Pap an broth ers, Joseph, Ahcan, Louis and Enberie, were Canadians, whose father came from Montreal and settled in St. Louis, in the latter part of the eighteenth century. Joseph, Ahcan and Louis married, respectively, Josette, Julie and Victoire Gonvil, half-breed daughters of Louis Gonvil, a French trader, and his Kaw wife. These three girls, by the terms of a treaty made in 1825 with their tribe, were each entitled to a section of land on the north bank of the Kansas River, their special reservations covering the present :R* ot, J. F. WiUard, H. D. Rice, H. Isball, D, F. Scranton, E. J. Lines, F. W. Ingham, L. A. Parker, E. N. Penfield, R. W. Griswold, G. H. Thomas, M. C. Welch. B. C. Porter, F. Johnson, C. E. Pond, L. W. Clark and W. G. McNary. In July, 1857, James McNulty came from Iowa, with his family, and settled in Marysville, Washington County. Here he remained till spring, when he removed five miles west of the present city of Wash- ington. When Mr. McNulty came to Washington Township he brought with him Ralph O.strander, who settled adjoining him, on what is known as the " Lavering Place." In the first year of the war the rebels twice sacked Humboldt, in Allen County, just northeast of the Wilson County settlements, and on the second raid burned the town. No attack was made on the settlers near Coyville, but it was thought best to be ready for defense, and a company was formed with eighty mounted men in line, under Capt. John R. Rowe and Lieuts. W. W. Brazel and Lewis Thompson. That fall fortifications were built at a point about three miles south of the liL town. They consisted of three blook-honses, 16x'24 feet, made of heavy logs, and enclosed with pickets six feet high. An embankment was thrown up on all sides, and the company went into winter quarters. The following spring the fort was deserted, and most of the militia en- listed in the Ninth Kansas Volunteers. Vestiges of the old fort still remain. Nothing of special moment in the way of settlement oc- curred during 18G3, or the early part of 1864. In August of the lat- ter year, Daniel C. Finn, a man destined to become quite noted in the early history of the county, arrived from New York. September 24, 1864, a petition for the organization of Wilson County, bearing the signatures of thirty settlers, and headed by the name of Finn, was presented to Gov. Carney, and granted. Appointments were made of the various county officers, but much confusion ensued. Syracuse, a mythical place supposed to be near the center of the county, was des- ignated as the temporary county seat, and George M. Cottingham, W. M. Asher and William Brown were appointed county commissioners. Although many settlers were located in Woodson County prior to the war, all were, up to 1860, trespassers. The wide striia which took in all of Woodson County and a small slice of Coffey was the reserve of the New York Indians. The part of the strij> now embraced in Woodson County was never occupied by any of the New York tribes, their only settlement being a temporary one near Fort Scott. Find- ing that the Indians would not settle on the reserve, the Government, in 1860, had all of these lands offered for sale and opened to pre-emp- tion at the land olfice at Fort Ssott. News of this movement having been circulated throughout the county, the squatter settlers hastened to the land office and made the appropriate entries. Thus peacefully the well-nigh mythical Indian inhabitants forsook their lands, leaving them to the further improvement of the pale faces. It is extremely difficult to determine who were actually the first settlers in the county. Jack Caven, John Woolman, John Chapman and others reached Neosho Falls on March 2, 1857. About the same time Thomas Sears took a claim in Liberty Township, and William Stockebrand, August Toddmann and August Lauber, in Center Township. These, although the best known of the pioneers, were not the first, Reuben Daniels settling in Belmont in 1856; David Cooper in Toronto, and John Cole- man in Owl Creek Township, in 1856. By general consent Moses Grinter is awarded the priority among the early settlers of Wyandotte County. He located near where the station of Secundine afterward stood, in 1831, and lived there up to :f^:^ •V ® ^ .t> the time of his death, June 12, 1878. The next white man to stop within the limits of Wyandotte County was Rev. Thomas Johnson, a Methodist minister, who established a mission school among the Del- aware Indians, near the "White Church." In April, 1837, Eev. John G. Pratt located about sixteen miles west of Wyandotte. He established a Baptist mission among the Delawares, published several hymn books in their language, and one of his sons married a daughter of Charles Johnycake, a well known chief. Capt. John Ketehum, one of the most uoted chiefs of the Delawares, died in August, 1857. He lived near White Church. His fnneral was attended by a large num- ber of Indians, who came in their colored blankets and painted faces, carrying their guns. They were mounted on horseback, and as the procession slowly followed the remains of their chief along the wind- ings of the forest road, they seemed truly the sorrowful survivors of a once powerful race. The first marriage in the county was that of H. N. Northrup to Margaret, daughter of Thomas Clark, the Wyandotte chief. The development of this county under white occupancy has been remarkable. The year 1885 witnessed the first actual permanent settlements along the western frontier. Counties not mentioned in the foregoing pages are of very recent settlement and organization. 7^ i^ -'^r-*- 5(3 HISTORY OF KANSAS. CHAPTER III. Territokial and State Organization— A Scheme of Enteuprising MissouuiANS— Hall's Uniontown "Constituency" — Election in THE Wyandotte Nation— Act Organizing Kansas and Nebraska — First Territorial Appointments— First Territorial Elec- tion Proclamation— Kansas' Four Constitutions— The To- peka, Lecompton, Leavenworth and Wyandotte Constitu- tional Conventions— Graphic Pen-Pictures of These Historic Deliberations — The Distinguished Participants in Them— Territorial and StateGovernors— Elections— State Officers. Men who their duties linow, But know their rights, and, linowing, dare maintain. — Sir W. Jones. N the brains of a few Missotirians, who be- ■ Vjt .T Ireved the times and conditions were favorable ^:^3^|%^^ for the work, the territorial organization of Kansas and Nebraska had its inception. The iirst move for a Territorial government made within the limits of Kansas was at the trading post of Uniontown. At that point was held, in the spring of 1S52, what purported to be a mass. met t. ing of the American citizens of the Indian Territory. The meeting and proceedings are alluded to in a sketch of the early days of Pottawatomie County by Hon. L. D. Palmer, who was present. His version of the affair reads as follows: "About half a dozen persons, residents of the State of Missouri, assembled together in a shed. One of them took from his hat a paper, on which had been written a set of resolutions brotight all the way from Mis- souri, and asked the assembled multittide to vote on them One individual said ' aye.' ' Noes ' were not called for. Two or three of these persons were sporting gentlemen, and the others were merchants who had furnished goods for the Indians and always came i ly ^: HISTOKY OF KANSAS. 57 at suehi times to collect. These resolutions recited that there were hundreds of families in that vicinity, in the interior of the Territory, who were bona fide settlers, whose lives and property were in constant jeopardy for want of civil protection, and memorialized Congress to organize a Territorial government. They purported to be the unani- mous expression of a large number of citizens, assembled together for the purpose of calling the attention of Congress to the perils that threatened them. " The petitions passed at this meeting were presented at the first session of the XXXITd Congress, by Hon. Willard P. Hall, a Mis- souri member, who, in the following session, presented the first bill in Congress providing for the organization of the Territory, in accordance with the praj'ers of his TJniontown "constituency." In the fall of 1852 (October 12) an election was held at Wyan- dotte, at which thirty-five votes were polled for Abelard Guthrie as Territorial delegate to Congress. So far as the vote of the Wyandotte Nation went, Mr. Guthrie's calling and election were sure beyond contest, but as there was no Ter- ritorial bill passed for more than two years thereafter, it proved an empty honor. A manuscript copy of the returns of this election is among the collections of the Kansas Historical Society. July 28, 1853, a convention was held at Wyandotte, a Territorial government organized, and Abelard Guthrie nominated for delegate to Congress. He was put forward as a Benton man. His competitor for the nomination — a friend of Atchison, and a stanch pro-slavery man — was Rev. Thomas Johnson. A bolting convention was held at Kickapoo Village, September 20, 1853, at which Johnson was placed in nomination as an opposition candidate. He was elected over Guthrie, as was claimed, by Indian votes. He went to Washington, but owing to the delay in passing the Territorial bill, was not received as a delegate. The act organizing Kansas and Nebraska was passed May 27 and approved by the President May 30, 1854 It contained thirty-seven sections. The provisions relating to Kansas were embodied in the last eighteen. The first Territorial appointments, looking to the inauguration of a local government, under the provisions of the organic law, were made in June and July, 1854. The oiScers appointed by President Pierce, whose appointments were confirmed by the Senate, and who entered upon the duties of their ofiice, were: Governor, Andrew H. Reeder, k ~—4 — — It— I 58 HISTOHY 01'' KANSAS. of Easton, Penii. , appoiated June 29, 185-t (he took the oath of olHco before Petor V. Dauiel, oiio of the justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, at Washington, July 7; he arrived in Kansas, at Fort Leavenworth, on Saturday, October 7, at which time ho became the executive head of the Kansas government, and person- ally assumed the functions of the office; salary, .'f'i, 500 per annum); secretary, Daniel Woodson, of Lynchburg, Va. , appointed June 29; salary, |2,000 per annum; United States marshal, Israel B. Donald- eon, of Illinois; salary, $300 per annum, and fees; chief justice, Madison Brown, of Maryland, who, not accepting the appointment, was superseded by Samuel D. Lecompte, of Maryland, who was appointed October 3, and took the oath of office before Gov. Reeder, at Leavenworth, Kas., December 5; salary, $2,000 per annum; associate justices, Saunders N. Johnson and Rush Elmore; salary, $2,000 per annum; attorney, Andrew J. Isack; salary, $250 per annum, and fees; surveyor-general, John Calhoun, Illinois, ap])ointed August 20; Territorial treasurer, Thomas J. B. Cramer, ai)poiuted August 29. The governor, after his arrival, set promptly to work to inaugur- ate his government. Among other preparations, he made a tour of observation, which took in the most important and most remote settle- ments in the eastern part of the Territorj-. It extended as far west as Fort Riley and Council Grove. His reception was enthusiastic. The proclamation for the iirst election in Kansas, bearing date Novem- ber 10, 1854, was issued November 15. Four constitutions were framed as the organic law before Kansas was admitted in the Union. The Topeka Constitution, which was the first in order, was adopted by the convention which framed it No- vembei'll, 1855, and by the people of the Territory, at an election held December 15, 1855. The Lecompton Constitution was adopted by the convention which framed it November 7, 1857. It was submitted to a vote of the people by the convention December 21, 1857, the form of the vote prescribed, being, "For the Constitution with slavery," and " For the Constitution without slavery." No opportunity was afforded at this election to vote against the constitution, and the Free State people of the Territory refrained from taking part in it. The Territorial Legislature, having been summoned in extra session by Acting-Gov. F. P. Stanton, passed an act submit- ting the Lecompton Constitution to a vote of the people at an election -F to be held January 4, 1858. At that election, 138 votes were cast for the constitution, and 10,220 votes against it. Notwith- standing this overwhelming vote against the constitution, it was sent to Washington by its partisans; Presideat Buchanan transmitted it to the Senate, urging the admission of the State under it, thus inaugur- ating the great contest which resulted in the division of the Demo- cratic party, the election of Abraham Lincoln and the final overthrow of the slave power. The bill to admit Kansas as a State luider the Lecompton Constitution failed, and the English Ijill finally passed Con- gress, under the provisions of which the constitution was again sub- mitted to a vote of the people on August 4, 18D8, with the result of 1,788 votes in its favor, and 11, 300 against it. The constitutional convention which framed the Leavenworth Con- stitution was provided for by an act of the Territorial Legislature, passed in February, 1808, during the pendency of the Lecompton Constitution in Congress. The constitution was adopted by the con- vention at Leavenworth, April 3, 1858, and by the people at an elec- tion held May 18, 1858. The Wyandotte Constitution was adopted by the convention which framed it July 29, 1850, and was adopted by the people at an election held October 4, 1850. The State was admitted into the Union under this constitution, January 20, 1801. The Topeka constitutional movement was the in.stinctive effort of the Free-State people for unity about some recognized center. They must have something around which they could rally, and their leaders were sagacious enough to institute a movement which, while it served to consolidate the Free- State settlers into a compact organization, af- forded a reasonable prospect of a safe and constitutional exit from their troubles. A recent precedent had been afforded by California for the spontaneous action of the people in the organization of a State government, without an enabling act from Congress. Some of the most conspicuous leaders of the Topeka constitutional movement had particijjated in the California movement, and were enthusiastic in the conviction that a similar success would attend the effort here. The Topeka movement did come very near success. The House of Repre- sentatives on July 3, 1850, passed a bill for the admission of Kansas into the Union under that constitution. Had the bill become a law, Kansas would have been saved the five years of turmoil and strife which elapsed before she was admitted into the Union, and the subsequent course of the great stream of our national history might have been ^ d:t 60 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. diverted for a time at least from the bloody and fratricidal era to which it was' then so rajjidly and inevitably hastening. The Topeka consti- tutional movement served to hold the Free-State people together until after the great wave of immigration in the spring of 1S57 had virtu- ally settled the question of the future status of the Territory. The first fruits of that emigration were the restoration of the Territoral Legislature in the fall election to the hands of the people from whom it had been rapaciously seized by fraud and violence in March, 1855. This gave the Free- State party a standpoint and leverage of undoubted legality for further proceedings. Heretofore their move- ments had been outside the pale of recognized authority. But the Territorial Legislature was recognized as valid by friends and foes alike. One of the first achievments of this new weapon in the hands of the people was the passage of an act, at the extra session called for that purpose by Secretary Stanton, submitting the Leeompton Consti- tution to an honest and fair vote, for acceptance or rejection, at an election to be held January 4, 1858. The result of this election was the rejection of the constitution by an overwhelming vote of unques- tioned legality and authority, thus furnishing an argument against the admission of the State under that constitution, which the friends of free Kansas in Congress used with tremendous power and unanswer- able effect. The population of the Territory during 1856 and 1857 had increased very largely. The total vote cast for State officers under the Topeka Constitution, January 15, 185G, was 1,70G; the vote on the Leeompton Constitution, January 4, 1858, was 10,427, showing an increase of more than sixfold. The old movement had lost much of its hold upon the popular mind. Admission into the Union under that constitution had ceased to be regarded as probable. While the officers who had been elected to the various positions under it were still recog- nized, more or less, as leaders in the Free- State organization, it was nevertheless felt that the 50,000 new settlers who had come into the Territory during the two years which had ela^Jsed since their election ought to have some voice in choosing the future rulers of the State. Besides, it was argued with considerable force that the Free-State cause would be at a disadvantage should the battle in Congress and before the country against the Leeompton Constitution be fought upon the basis of the Topeka Constitution. That constitution had been framed by a convention elected without any authority of law; the total vote upon its adoption had been only 1,778, while two years had elapsed since it was framed and adopted, and meantime a large in- ^ \h ik. HISTORY OF KANSAS. 61 crease in the population had taken place. Its enemies might and probably would (and in fact did) claim that it no longer represented a majority of the people. The Lecomptou Constitution, on the other hand, could claim a qnasi legality and regularity, the convention which framed it having been elected in conformity to an act passed by the Territorial Legislature. Having the Legislature now in their own hands, the Free State people felt that it would be the part of wisdom to call a new convention which would have at least as good standing for regularity and legality as the Lecomption convention, and whose con- stitution would receive an overwhelming indorsement at the hands of the people. The Lecompton Constitution would thus be confronted by a constitution of equal legality, of a more recent date and of un- doubted popular support. These considerations were undoubtedly the dominant ones in deter- mining the call of a new constitutional convention. There were minor influences which contributed to the same result. One of these, which assumed considerable importance before the Legislature passed the act calling the convention, was the question of the location of the capital. The Topeka Constitution had located the capital temporarily in Topeka, and the very name of the constitution served to keep the city prominently before the public. Other towns were ambitious of becoming the seat of government. A new constitution bearing some other name would at least divert attention from Topeka. Before the act calling the convention was passed, a scheme for locating the capi- tal at Minneola — a town existing only on paper, and created for the purpose — was broached and successfully carried through the Legisla- ture. The bill locating the seat of government of the Territory at Minneola was passed over the governor's veto, and two days thereafter the bill calling a constitutional convention, and fixing Minneola as the place where it should assemble, was also passed. The "Minneola Swindle," as it was called in those days,- created a sensation in Kansas so great as to seem almost extravagant as we look back upon it now. The gravamen was that the location of the capital at Minneola was a scheme to further the personal fortunes of members of the Legislature who were interested in the new town. In vain did they reply that the location was a good one, central, and well adapted to be the future capital of the State; that the capital was bound to be removed from Lecompton in any event, and that wherever located somebody's private fortunes would be enhanced thereby. The public judgment was severe, and condemned the thing l^ 62 HISTORY OF KANSAS. to Bueh a degree that many of the delegates elected to the constitu- tional convention were instructed by their constituents to vote for an immediate adjournment of that body to some ether point in the Terri- tory. It thus came about that the convention had no sooner completed its organization at Minneola than a motion was made to adjourn to some other place. This gave rise to a long and acrimonious debate. The session was prolonged during the whole night, and toward morn- ing the motion to adjourn and fixing the city of Leavenworth as the place of reassembling was passed. On the morning of March 24, 1858, the members took their departure for Leavenworth, leaving this capital of a day to revert to its pristine condition of a quarter section of Franklin County prairie. And thus the constitution which the body afterward framed became known in history as the Leavenworth Constitution, and not as the Minpeola Constitution, as its original pro- jectors had expected. The convention reassembled in Leavenworth on the evening of March 25. The constitution was adopted and signed on April 3. The work had been done with brevity and dispatch. Indeed there was no great amount of work to be done. Aside from the special features to be hereafter noted, the draft of the Topeka Constitution was closely followed. There were few questions which gave rise to debate, and they were speedily settled. It was the aim of the convention to do its work as speedily as possible, make a good constitution and adjourn. The constitution was adopted by the people on May IS, 1858, and on the same day the following State officers were also elected under it, viz. : Governor, Henry J. Adams, of Leavenworth; lieutenant-governor, Cyrus K. Holliday, of Topeka; secretary of State, E. P. Bancroft, of Emporia; treasurer, J. B. Wheeler, of Doniphan; auditor, George S. Hillj-er, of Grasshopper Falls; attorney-general, Charles A. Fos- ter, of Osawatomie; superintendent of public instruction, J. M. Wal- den, of Quindaro; commissioner of school lands, J. W. Robinson, of Manhattan; representative in Congress, M. F. Conway, of Lawrence; supreme judges, William A. Phillips, of Lawrence; Lorenzo Dow, of Topeka, and William McKay, of Wyandotte; reporter of the Supreme Court, Albert D. Richardson, of Sumner; clerk of the Supreme Court, W. F. M. Arny, of Hyatt. Of these, Messrs. Holliday and Conway had been elected to positions in the State government under the Tojseka Constitution, Mr. Holliday having been secretary of State and Mr. Conway one of the judges of the Supreme Court. The State officers, under the Leavenworth Constitution, were nomi- •^n® HISTOKY OF KANSAS. 63 nated upon a platform whose chief resolve was: "That should Con- gress accept the application accompanying the Lecompton Constitu- tion, and admit Kansas as a sovereign State in the Union, without the condition precedent that said constitution, at a fair election, shall receive the ratification of the people of Kansas, then we will put the Leavenworth Constitution, ratified by the j)eople, and the government iinder it, into immediate and active operation as the organic law and living government of the State of Kansas, and that we will support and defend the same against any opposition, come from whatever quarter it may." Before the election took place, however, the " English bill " had passed both Houses of Congress and become a law, so that the Lecompton struggle was over, and the long and bit- ter and bloody contest to make Kansas a slave State came to a close. The movement for admission under the Leavenworth Constitution was prosecuted no further, and the convention and its work survives only upon the pages of chequered history as one of the positions temporarily occupied by the great Free-State host in its onward march to final victory. It would be an interesting study, did space but permit, to compare the provisions of the four constitutions which were successively framed as the fundamental law of this State. Outside of the stormy and con- vulsed domain of the slavery question, the differences in the constitu- tions are not remarkable. In this domain, however, the differences are distinct and antipodal. The Lecompton instrument voiced the extremest doctrines of the slave power. In the article on " Slavery," for slavery was the suliject of a separate article, it is declared that "the right of property is before and higher than any constitutional sanction, and the right of the owner of the slave to such slave and its increase is the same and as inviolable as the right of the owner of any property whatever." The Legislature was declared to have no power to pass laws for the emancipation of slaves, without the consent of their owners, nor without paying to their owners before emancipation a full equivalent in money for them. The framers of this instrument seem to have labored to emphasize the degradation of manhood on the one hand and the elevation and sanetification of chattelhood on the other. Instead of the usual declaration that all men are equal in rights, they declare "that all freemen, when they form a social com- pact, are equal in rights," and they add that " no freeman shall be taken or imprisoned or disseized of his freehold, liberties or privileges or deprived of his life, liberty, etc., but by the judgment of his peers -.[^ 64 HISTORY OF KANSAS. or the law of the land. ' ' In the schedule to the constitution, they provide that, even though the vote should be for the constitution with- out slavery, still, ' ' the right of property in slaves now in the Territory shall in no manner he interfered with ; ' ' and in the section relating to amendments to the constitution, it is expressly and carefully provided "that no alteration shall be made to effect the rights of property in the ownership of slaves." Under these provisions, Kansas would in any event have been a slave State, and remained such as long as any of the slaves then living in the Territory, or any of their descendants, to the remotest generations, should have remained. These extreme and almost frantic provisions for the perpetuity and sanctity of property in slaves, viewed from our present standpoint, and with the light of the past twenty-five years of eventful and startling history bearing full upon them, seem chimerical and almost childish; but one must remember that at that time these monstrous doctrines dominated this country, controlled the utterances of the Supreme Court, were backed by the army and navy, and commanded the hearty support or the unprotesting acquiescence of a majority of the people. It was the merest margin and verge of chance that prevented these doctrines from being incorporated in the organic law of Kansas. The motion which finally resulted in what is known as the " English bill," and prevented admission under the Lecompton Constitution, passed the House of Representatives by a majority of only one vote. The framers of the Leavenworth Constitution studied to antagonize these peculiar and abhorrent, though characteristic, pro-slavery doc- trines of the Lecompton instrument. Thus the first section of the bill of rights follows almost the exact language of the Topeka Constitu- tion, in saying that "all men are by nature equally free and independ- ent, and have certain inalienable rights, among which are those of enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, possessing and protecting property, and seeking and obtaining happiness and safety," and then goes on to add, " and the right of all men to the control of their persons, exists prior to law and is inalienable," a clause which is certainly somewhat pleonastic, and is not to be found in the cor- responding section of the Wyandotte Constitution (which section, by the way, is more tersely and comprehensively expressed in the Wyan- dotte Constitution than in either of the others), but was added for the specific purpose of antagonizing the declaration of the Lecompton in- strument that the right of property is before and higher than any con- stitutional sanction. The idea was to antagonize the dogma of the right IRI^ ^- of man to property in man by the doctrine of the right of man to him- self. It was liberty set over against slavery. So, too, the section of the Lecompton Constitution that no freeman shall be deprived of life, liberty or property, except by the judgment of his peers, and the law of the land, is repeated, almost word for word, with the word " person' ' substituted for the word "freeman." The section forbidding slavery is the same in the Leavenworth and Wyandotte Constitutions, and is a repetition of the section in the To- peka Constitution, that "there shall bene slavery in this State, nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crime," and adding the clause, "whereof the party shall have been duly convicted." The Leavenworth Constitution contains nowhere the word "white." There is not a word in it which refers to color. The expression " white male citizen" or "white male," which might probably then have been found in the constitution of every State in the Union, is not to be found in it. No change would have been required in its provisions or lan- guage to have made it in perfect harmony with the fourteenth and fif- teenth amendments to the Constitution of the United States. This was not the result of accident, but was achieved by the determined and persevering efforts of some of the most far-seeing spirits of the con- vention, who meant, if possible, that the invidiious and unrepublican distinction of color as in any way effecting men's rights, should have neither place nor countenance in the constitution. This result was not achieved without a struggle. The question was debated in some form and upon some clause or section of the constitution nearly every day of the session, but always with the same result. Strange as it may appear, the Lecompton Constitution does not contain the word ' ' white ' ' in its article on elections and the right of sufFrage. Section 1 begins: "Every male citizen of the United States, etc. , etc. , shall be entitled to vote. ' ' The Leavenworth Constitution adopts in its article on the elective franchise the identical expression, " every male citizen of the United States." The correspondence was not accidental: it was intentional. The fi'amers of the Lecompton instru- ment meant to emphasize the extreme doctrine of the slave power, that none but white men could be citizens of the United States; the framers of the Leavenworth Constitution, on the other hand, meant to empha- size the doctrine that every man born upon the soil and under the flag of the Union was a citizen of the United States. Indeed, the careful reader of the two constitutions will not fail to note how radically antago- nistic thev are. The one was intended to offset the other. The one 17: embodied the most radical doctrines of the slave power; the other anticipated the advanced and humane doctrines of republican equality, which remain as the most precious legacy of the great War of the Re- bellion. The convention consisted of eighty-four members. Of these, Caleb May and William E. Griffith had been members of the Topeka Con- stitutional Convention, and were afterward members of the Wyandotte Constitutional Convention, the only individuals who were members of all of them. Five others, namely, James H. Lane, M. F. Conway, W. Y. Roberts, James S. Emery and Joel K. Goodin, had also been members of the Topeka Constitutional Convention. C. A. Foster had been assistant secretary of the Topeka Convention, James M. Winchell was afterward president of the Wyandotte Constitutional Convention, and John Ritchie and William McCulloch were also members of both. James H. Lane was elected president of the convention when organ- ized at Minneola, but resigned at Leavenworth, and Martin F. Conway was elected his successor. Samuel F. Tappan was secretary. Of the eighty-four members, many have since made men of mark. Winchell was president of the Wyandotte Constitutional Convention ; Lane was one of Kansas' first United States Senators; Conway was its first member of the House of Representatives; Thomas Ewing, Jr., was first chief justice of the State, and has since been eminent in the field and forum and at the bar ; H. P. Johnson died at the head of his regiment during the war; William Spriggs was second State treasurer; A. Larzelere was speaker of the Territorial House of Rep- resentatives in 1859; W. Y. Roberts served with distinction as colonel during the war; P. B. Phimb is United States Senator; J. R. Swallow was elected State auditor in 1864; Henry J. Adams was nominated for governor under the Leavenworth Constitutional Convention; F. G. Adams became secretary of the State Historical Society; W. F. M. Arny was secretary of New Mexico for years; C. H. Branscomb was United States consul at Manchester, England; James S. Emery has been United States district attorney for Kansas, and a regent of the State University; Samuel N. Wood has been repeatedly a member, and once speaker, of the House of Representatives; John Ritchie was a colonel during the war; William R. Griffith was the first and Isaac T. Goodnow the second State superintendent of public instruction; A. Danford was elected attorney-general in 1868; Robert B. Mitchell rose to distinction in the war, and was governor of New Mexico; Ed- ward Lynde was colonel of the Ninth Kansas Regiment; F. N. Blake "^i s "V ^ was XJQited States consul to Qupbec; J. M. Walden became aa emi- nent clergyman in the Methodist Episcopal Church. There are others, doubtless-, worthy of mention. Taking them as a whole, it is doubtful if an abler body of men ever assembled in the State. Lane, of course, was the chief figure. He lived in Lawrence, but he appeared in the convention as a delegate from Doniphan County. He took little inter- est in the proceedings of the convention, but spent much of his time during the sessions in pacing up and down the area in the rear of the members' seats, running his hands through his hair, fi'om the base of the brain forward over the top of the skull, as his habit was. He looked merely at the political aspects of the movement. For the con- stitution, as a constitution, he seemed to care but little. Perhaps he foresaw the remote probability of the admission of the State under it. He wanted to be elected president of the convention because, first, he had been president of the Topeka Convention, and, secondly, he had had a quarrel with Gov. Denver, and wanted his favorite " indorse- ment" from the representatives of the people. When Conway re- monstrated with him at Minneola, for wanting to accumulate honors upon himself unduly, he promised to resign in Conway's favor when the convention should get to Leavenworth, and he kept his promise. He was inclined to side with the radical members of the convention, but he rendered them little assistance on the floor. He was not a leader. In the most exciting debate of the convention, namely, that over the question whether, in case the State were admitted under the Leeompton Constitution, the government under the Leavenworth Con- stitution should be put in operation, he took no part whatever. At Minneola, upon the night of adjournment, he made a powerful and di-amatic speech. The night was far spent. The candles had burned down in their sockets. The debate had been long, and at times angry. Some of the members were deeply interested in Minneola, and in their excitement they threatened that if the convention should adjourn from Minneola they would abandon the Free-State party and break it up. This threat aroused the sleeping lion in Lane. He came down from the chair, where he had presided with great fairness during the long debate, and took the floor. All eyes were upon him. As he pro- ceeded with his speech the interest intensified, and members began to gather around him, sitting upon the desks and standing in the aisles. The scene was one never to be forgotten— the dimly-lighted room; the darkness without; the excited men within; little Warren, the ser- geant-at-arms, standing unconscious upon the floor, with partly out- ~e "V H>£. stretched arms and wholly carried away by the speech, and Lane himself aroused to a pitch of excitement which no one there ever saw him manifest on any other occasion during his whole career. As ho drew near his peroration, he painted a picture of the Free State party of Kansas, of what it had done and suffered for the great cause of human liberty, of the crisis that was then upon it, and of the respon- sibilities resting upon its members. He then alluded to the threats that these men interested in Minneola had made of abandoning and breaking up the party, and said that if in the momentous and supreme hour of the party's struggle, they were bound to leave it on account of a few paltry shares in Minneola, then '"let them go — and goto hell!" Conway followed Lane in the same strain, and in a speech which at any other time would have been a powerful one, but its effect was lost in the storm which Lane's outburst had aroused, and it passed al- most unnoticed. The vote was taken and the convention adjourned to Leavenworth. Martin F. Conway was an active participant in all the proceedings of the convention. He was an excellent presiding officer, and his speeches when he took the floor were earnest, impassioned and logical. He had read and studied, more deeply, perhaps, than any other member of the convention, the theory of our governmental sys- tem, and was positive and well fortified in his convictions. Coming from a slave State himself, and a great student of the writings and speeches of leading statesmen of the South, he more thoroughly comprehended the nature, the designs and the ambitions of the slave- power, and seemed to more intensely hate it, than any other man there. His subsequent life, with its single brief success and its numerous and prolonged misfortunes, down to his confinement and death in an asy- lum in Washington, made up a strange career even in this country of surprises and contradictions. One of the most marked members of the convention was Thomas Ewing, Jr. This gentleman added to the graces of a youthful and engaging person the charm of attractive man- ners and a brilliant mind. He took an intelligent interest in the work of the convention, and was ready and effective in debate. His speeches wore the air of preparation, while his manner had an appearance of dignity and restrained enthusiasm, which left the impression of re- served force and an unexpended power upon the mind of the hearer. He always seemed like a man who had not done his best, but who upon proper occasion could rise to still more masterful heights of argument and eloquence. He was the easy leader of the conservative wing of e) — ^ .. ^7=P ^^^ifv the convention, and championed their views with conspicuous, though ineffectual, ability. The most exciting debate in the convention over any part of the constitution occurred in connection with Section 5, of the schedule, which provided that in case the constitution should be adopted by the people, then upon the admission of Kansas into the Union as a State, the constitution should be in full force, the State officers should im- mediately enter upon the discharge of their duties, and the governor should immediately, by proclamation, convene the General Assembly. As has been already seen, this Leavenworth Constitutional movement was going on at the very time that the bill for the admission of Kansas under the Lecompton Constitution was pending in Congress, and was intended as the counter movement of the Free-State people against that measure. The contingency of the admission of the State under the Lecompton Constitution had to be contemplated. The Free-State people had full control of the Territorial Legislature. A portion of them had taken part in the election of officers under the Lecompton Constitution, and had really carried that election, electing the entire set of State officers under it, but on the face of the returns, including the fraudulent re- turns from Oxford, Shawnee and Kickapoo, the pro-slavery officers were elected, and Calhonn, the president of the Lecompton Constitu- tional Convention, had the granting of certificates both to the State officers and to the Legislature. There was no sufficient or reasonable doubt that Calhoun would carry out the j^ro slavery j^rogramme to the end. He had already declared the constitution ' ' with slavery ' ' adopted, and he would doubtless give certificates to the pro slavery officers under it. The plain question which confronted the Free-State people was, what would they do under these circumstances ? Their answer was contained in the tifth section of the schedule, which is above referred to. The debate over this section was fierce and pro- longed. It lasted the whole day. Members felt that it involved what might become very practical and serious issues. The one side main- tained that it was the only logical, consistent and courageous position for the Free State people to take. The other contended that it looked to a conflict with the general Government, which could only result in disaster and defeat. Ewing led off on the conservative side in opposi- tion to the section in a magnificent speech. Conway came down from the chair and spoke in its defense. Others followed on either side, until the day wore away. When the vote was finally reached, the sec- tion was adopted by a decided majority. It is not recorded that Lane ^ -i^ 70 HISTORY OF KANSAS. said a single word on either side of this debate. As to which side was right it is unnecessary now to discuss. The progress of events fort- unately prevented the question at issue from ever becoming a practical one. Had it become so, however, it is probable that the Free-State people would have been victorious in the struggle which must have ensued. Early in February, 1859, the Territorial Legislature passed an act, submitting to the people the question of calling a constitutional convention. This vote was taken March 28, and resulted: For, 5,306; against, 1,425. On May 10, 1859, the Republican party of Kansas was organized, at Osawatomie, and at the election held on June 7, for delegates to the Wyandotte Convention, the Republican and Demo- cratic parties confronted each other in Kansas for the first time. The Democrats carried the counties of Leavenworth, Doniphan, Jefferson and Jackson, and elected one of the two delegates from Johnson. The Republicans were successful in all the other counties voting. The total vote polled was 14,000. The Republican membership was thirty- five; Democratic, seventeen. The convention then chosen assembled on July 5, 1859. In its composition it was an unusual, not to say remarkable, Kansas assem- blage. Apparently the chiefs of the contending parties had grown weary of constitution making, or regarded this fourth endeavor in that line as a predestined failure, for they were conspicuous by their ab- sence. In the Topeka Convention nearly every prominent man of the Free- State party had a seat. Gen. Lane was president, and Charles Conway, Marcus J. Parrott, William Y. Roberts, George W. Smith, Philip C. Schuyler, C. K. Holliday, Mark W. Delahay, and many other prominent Free-State leaders were members. In the Leaven- worth Convention there was a similar gathering of widely known Free- State men. Conway was its president, and Lane, Roberts, Thomas Ewing, Jr., Henry J. Adams, H. P. Johnson, S. N. Wood, T. Dwight Thacher, P. B. Plum, Joel K. Goodin, A. Larzelere, W. F. M. Arny, Charles H. Branscomb, John Ritchie, and many other influential Free- State chiefs or partisans were among its members. The younger men of the Territory constituted the convention at Wyandotte. They came upon the field fresh, enthusiastic, and with a place in the world of thought and action to conquer. They recognized the fact that they must do extremely well to secure popular favor, and they set about their task with industry, intelligence and prudence. They were not martyrs nor reformers, as many of those of Topeka were; nor jealous politicians or factionists, as were most of those at Leaven- 3) 'y worth. They had no old battles to tight over again, no personal feuds to distract them, no recollections of former defeats or victories to re- verse or maintain. They were their own prophets. They had no ex- perience in constitution making, and hence did not look backward. They were not specialists. Few had hobbies. A few were dogmatic, but the many were anxious to discuss and willing to be convinced. A few were loquacious, but the majority were thinkers and workers. Some were accomplished scholars, but the majority were men of ordi- nary education, whose faculties had been sharpened and trained by the hard experience of an active and earnest life. Many were vigorous, direct, intelligent speakers; several were really eloquent; and a few may justly be ranked with the most versatile and brilliant men Kansas has ever numbered among her citizens. Very few were old men. Only fifteen of the tifty-two members were over forty. Over one-third were under thirty, and nearly two- thirds were under thirty-five. Very few had previously appeared as representatives of the jjeople in any Territorial assemblage, and this was especially true of the men whose talents, industry and force soon approved them leaders. Samuel A. Kingman had been in the Terri- tory only about eighteen months, and was unknown outside of Brown County until he appeared at Wyandotte. Solon O. Thaoher was a young lawyer of Lawrence, never before prominent irt public affairs. John J. Ingalls had served, the previous winter, as engrossing clerk of the Territorial council. Samuel A.. Stinson was a young attorney, recently from Maine. William C. McDowell had never been heard outside of Leavenworth. Benjamin F. Simpson was a boyish-looking lawyer from Miami County, and John T. Biirris had been practicing, for a year or two, before justices' courts in Johnson County. John P. Slough had been a member of the Ohio Legislature, but was a new- comer in Kansas, and E. G. Ross was the publisher of a weekly news- paper at Topeka. One-half of the members had been in the Territory lessthaii two years. Six came in 1854, four in 1855, and twelve in 1856, while Mr. Forman, of Doniphan, dated his residence from 1853; Mr. Palmer, of Pottawatomie, from 1S54, and Mr. Houston, of Riley, from 1853. Forty-one were from Northern States, seven from the South, and four were of foreign birth, England, Scotland, Ireland and Ger- many each contributing one. It appears singular that only one of the Western States, Indiana, was represented in the membership, that State furnishing six delegates. Twelve hailed from New England, Ohio contributed twelve, Pennsylvania six, and New York four. Only .^\' ' > . M i\^ 72 HISTORY OF KANSAS. eigliteea belonged to the legal profession — an unusually small number of lawyers in such a body. Sixteen were farmers, eight merchants, three physicians, three manufacturers, one a mechanic, one a printer, one a land agent and one a surveyor. The oldest member was Robert Graham, of Atchison, who was fifty-five; the youngest, Benjamia F. Simpson, of Lykins County (now Miami), who was twenty-three. It was a working body from the first hour of its session until the last. It jDerfected its organization, adopted rules for its government, discussed the best mode of procedure in framing a constitution, and appointed a committee to report upon that subject during the first day's session; all the standing committees were announced on the third day, and by the close of the fifth day it had disposed of two very troublesome contested election eases, decided that the Ohio constitution should be the model for that of Kansas, perfected arrangements for reporting and printing its debates, and instructed its committees upon a number of disputed questions. Tiie vote on selecting a model for the constitution was, on the second ballot: For the Ohio constitution twenty-five votes; Indiana, twenty-three, and Kentucky, one. So the Kansas constitution was modeled after that of Ohio. The chairmanships of the different committees were assigned as follows: Preamble and bill of rights, William Hutchinson, of Law- rence; executive department, John P. Greer, of Shawnee; legis- lative dej)artment, Solon O. Thacher, of Lawrence; judicial depart- ment, Samuel A. Kingman, of Brown County; military, James G. Blunt, of Anderson County; electors and elections, P. H. Townsend, of Douglas; schedule, John T. Burris, of Johnson; apportionment, H. D. Preston, of Shawnee; corporations and banking, Robert Gra- ham, of Atchison; education and public institutions, W. R. Griffith, of Bourbon County; county and township organizations, John Ritchie, of Topeka; ordinance and public debt, James Blood, of Lawrence; finance and taxation, Benjamin F. Simpson, of Lykins; amendments and miscellaneous, S. D. Houston, of Riley County; federal relations, T. S. Wright, of Nemaha County; phraseology and arrangements, John J. Ingalls, of Atchison. The work of the convention was praeticdly completed on the twenty-first day. The various articles had each been considered and adopted, first in committee of the whole, then in convention, then referred to the committee on phraseology and arrangement, and, after report of the committee, again considered by sections and adopted. But so anxious were the members that every word used should be the ^f^ HISTORY OF KANSAS. 73 right word, expressing the idea intended most clearly and directly, that when the reading of the completed constitution was finished, on the morning of the twenty-first day, it was decided to refer it to a special committee, consisting of Messrs. Ingalls, Winchell, Ross and Slough, for further revision and verification. This committee reported the same afternoon, and again the constitution was read by sections for final revision with the same painstaking carefulness and attention to the minutest details. All that afternoon and all the next day, with brief interruptions for action on the closing work, this rovision went on, and it was 5 o'clock in the afternoon of the 29th before the last section was perfected. Then occurred one of the most dramatic scenes of the convention. Mr. Hutchinson submitted a resolution declaring that "we do now adopt and proceed to sign the constitu- tion." At once Mr. Slough addressed the chair, and after warmly eulogiz- ing the general features of the constitution, pronouncing it " a model instrument," he formally announced that political objections impelled himself and his Democratic associates to decline attaching their signa- tures to it. For a few moments after Mr. Slough concluded, the con- vention sat hushed and expectant. But no other Democratic member rose. It was evident that the caucus ruled. Then Judge Thacher, the president pro tern., addressed the chair, and in a speech of remark- able vigor and eloquence, accepted the gauge of battle thrown down. " Upon this constitution," he declared, " we will meet our opponents in the popular arena. It is a better, a nobler issue than ever the old Free- State issue. They have thrown down the gauntlet; we joyfully take it up." _He then proceeded to defend, with great earnestness and power, the features of the constitution objected to by Mr. Slough. "The members of the convention," he asserted, "have perfected a work that will be enduring." The constitution, he affirmed, \yould "commend itself to the true and good everywhere, because through every line and syllable there glows the generous sunshine of lib'^ ty. " The twilight shadows were gathering about Wyandotte when this debate closed, and the convention proceeded to vote on Mr. Hutchin- son's resolution, which was adopted by thirty- four ayes to thirteen nays — one Republican and four Democrats being absent. The roll was then called, and the constitution was signed by all the Republican members except one, Mr. Wright, of Nemaha, who was absent, sick. The work of the convention was completed, and after voting thanks to its officers it adjourned without date. 1^ -4v 74 HISTORY OF KANSAS. It is doubtful whether the organic law of auy other State in the Union has more successfully survived the mutations of time and inconstant public sentiment, and the no less fluctuating necessities of a swiftly developing commonwealth. Of its seventeen articles only four, and of its one hundred and seventy-eight sections only eight have been amended. And of the eight amendments adopted, only five have revoked or modified the principles of policy originally formulated, the others being changes demanded by the growth of the State, or by the events of the Civil War. The first amendment, rati- fied in 1861, provides that no banking institution shall issue circulat- ing notes of a less denomination than $1 — the original limitation being 15. In 1864 the provision requiring all bills to originate in the House of Representatives was repealed; and a section intended to prevent United States soldiers from voting, but which was so worded that it deprived our volunteers of that right, was also repealed. In 1867 an amendment was adopted disfranchising all persons who aided the "Lost Cause," or who were dishonorably discharged from the army of the United States, or who had defrauded the United States, or any State during the war. In 1868 the State printer amendment was ratified. In 1873 the number of Senators and Representatives, originally limited to 33 and 100 respectively, was increased to 40 and 125. In 1875 three propositions, each having in view biennial, instead of annual, sessions of the Legislature, were adopted; and in 1880 the prohibition amendment was ratified. On October 4, 1859, the constitution was submitted to the people for ratification or rejection, and for the first time in the history of Kansas, all parties cast a full, free and unintimidated vote. The Re- publicans favored, and the Democrats generally opposed its adoption. Nearly 16,000 votes were polled, of which 10,421 were for, and 5,530 against the constitution. The homestead clause, submitted as an in- dependent proposition, was ratified by a vote of 8,788 for, to 4,772 against it. Every county in the Territory except two, Johnson and Morris, gave a majority for the constitution. Two months later, December 6, State and county ofiicers and mem- bers of the Legislature were elected, and the people of Kansas, having exhausted their authority in State building, patiently awaited the action of Congress. On April 11, 1860, the House of Representatives voted, 134 to 73, to admit Kansas as a State, under the Wyandotte Constitution. Twice during the next eight months the Senate de- feated motions to consider the Kansas bill, but on January 21, 1861, JIV ^ several Southern senators having seceded, Mr. Seward " took a pinch of snufif" and called it up again. It passed by a vote of 30 to 16, and on the 29th of the same month President Buchanan approved it. Thus young Kansas, through many difficulties and turmoils, was " added to the stars." Gov. Andrew H. Reeder, the first governor of Kansas Territory, was appointed June 29, 1854. He was removed from office July 28, 1855, received official notice of his removal and ceased to act as gov- ernor August 15. The secretary, Hon. Daniel Woodson, became act- ing governor during the remaining part of the session of the Terri- torial Legislature. August 10, Hon. Wilson Shannon was commis- sioned as governor. He resigned August 21, 1856, and on the same day received official notice of his removal and the appointment of Hon. John W. Geary as his successor. Gov. Geary resigned March 4, 1857. Secretary Woodson again became acting governor, from April 16, when Mr. Geary's political and official connection with Kan- sas affairs terminated, to May 27, when his successor arrived. The successors of both Geary and Woodson were appointed March 10, 1857, Hon. Robert J. AValker receiving the appointment of governor and Hon. Frederick P. Stanton as secretary of the Territory, to be acting governor until the arrival of Mr. Walker. On December 17, Gov. Walker resigned. December 21, John W. Denver took the oath of office and served until October 10, 1858, when he resigned. Sam- uel Medary was appointed governor November 19, and arrived in the Territory and entered upon the duties of his office December 20. De- cember 17, 1860, Gov. Medary resigned, and George M. Beebe, then secretary of the Territory, became acting governor, in which capacity he continued until the inauguration of the State government, Feb- ruary 9, 1861. Since the establishment of the State government, the governors have been elected, and the gubernatorial vote at the successive elec- tions has been as follows: 1859 — Robinson, Republican, 8,155; Me- dary, Democrat, 5,637. 1862— Carney, Repnblican, 9,990; WagstafF, Union, 5,463. 1866— Crawford, Republican, 19,770; McDowell, Union, 8,151. 1868— Harvey, Republican, 29,795; Glick, Democrat, 1,388. 1870— Harvey, Republican, 40,667; Sharp, Democrat, 20,- 496. 1874— Osborn, Republican, 48,594; Cusey, Reformer, 35,301; Marshall, Temperance, 2,277. 1876— Anthony, Republican, 69,170; Martin, Democrat, 46,201; Hudson, National, 6,020. 1878— St. John, Republican, 74,020; Goodin, Democrat, 37,208; Mitchell, r s|v> 76 HISTORY OF KANSAS. National, 27,057. 1882— St. John, Republican, 75,158; Glick, Democrat, 83,237; Robinson, National, 20,933. 1884— Martin, Re- publican, 146,777; Glick, Democrat, 108,284. 1886— Martin, Re- publican,' 149,513; Moonlight, Democrat, 115,594. 1888— Hum- phrey, Democrat, 180,841; Martin, Republican, 107,480; Boekin, Pro- hibitionist, 6,439; Elder, Union Labor, 36,236. The several governors of the State of Kansas have served succes- sively as follows: 1. Charles Robinson, February, 1861, to January, 1863. 2. Thomas Carney, January, 1863, to January, 1865. 3. Samuel J. Crawford, January, 1865, to November, 1868, when he resigned (in his second term) to take command of the Nineteenth Regiment of Kansas Cavalry, in active service against the Indians on the plains. 4. Nehemiah Green, serving as lieutenant-governor at the time of Gov. Crawford's resignation, was governor from November, 1868, to January, 1869. 5. James M. Harvey, January, 1869, to January, 1873 (two terms). 6. Thomas A. Osborn, January, 1873, to January, 1877 (two terms). 7. George T. Anthony, January, 1877, to January, 1879. 8. John P. St. John, January, 1879, to January, 1883 (two terms.) 9. George W. Glick, January, 1883, to January, 1885. 10. John A. Martin, January, 1885, to January, 1889 (two terms). 1 1 . Lyman U. Humphrey, inaugurated January, 1889, and now in office. The presidential vote of Kansas is shown by the following figures: 1864— Lincoln (Republican), 14,252; McClellan (Democrat), 3,704. 1868— Grant (Republican), 30,019; Seymour (Democrat), 13,584. 1872 -Grant (Republican), 66,948; Greeley (Liberal), 32,478. 1876 —Hayes (Republican), 78,319; Tilden (Democrat), 37,810; Cooper (National), 6,867. 1880 -Garfield (Republican), 121,548; Hancock (Democrat), 59,803; Weaver (National), 19,845. 1884— Blaine (Re- publican), 154,406; Cleveland (Democrat), 90, 132; Butler (Greenback), 16,341. 1888— Harrison (Republican), 182,914; Cleveland (Democrat), 102,728. The Kansas State officers for 1889 were the following: Lyman U. J^l HISTORY OF KANSAS. 77 Humphrey, governor; Andrew J. Felt, lieutenant-governor; William Higgins, secretary of State; Thomas F. Orner, assistant-secretary; Timothy McCarthy, auditor; S. S. McFadden, assistant-auditor; J. W. Hamilton, treasni-er; R. R. Moore, assistant -treasurer; L. B. Kellogg, attorney-general; George AV. Winans, superintendent of public instruc- tion; D. W. Wilder, superintendent of insurance; ClifPord J. Baker State printer. Vi>N.V m ^ m m M * y-. ^"-^ '-^ 78 HISTORY OF KANSAS. CHAPTER lY. Kansas in the Rebellion— First Call for Volunteers— Quota Assigned to the State More than Filled— Sketches of Regi- mental History— Infantry and Cavalry Organizations— Bat- teiues— Colored and Indian Troops— Casualties— The Govern- or's Military Staff, 1861-1863— 1863-1865— Cost to Kansas of the Price Raid and Curtis Expedition — Tedious Settlement of War Claims. Ah me ! what perils do environ The man that meddles with cold iroa.— Butler. •''A.NSAS when admitted as a State proved but a landmark in the continued struggle which, begun upon her soil seven years before, had culmi- nated in advantage gained but not in victory won. Compelled through the very instrumentalities it had summoned to its aid, to loosen its clutch upon Kansas, the slave-power had now thrown off disguise and challenged the nation to open battle for its life. In the renewed contest the infant State put on the strength of years, took her place in the foremost rank, and fought with unswerving fidelity and bravery to win again, for all, the battle she had al- ready won for herself. The citizens of a country which, after twenty years of peace, can boast that among them are numbered a million warriors who have done honora- ' ble service in the field, know too well the story of war, and what constitutes the true soldier, to look for invidious accounts of individual acts of heroism. Braveiy during the war became the well- earned heritage of all American citizens both North and South. The simple story of the honorable part Kansas bore in this great struggle is best told in a plain recital of services performed, without futile attempt to enhance its interest by florid figures of speech or rhetorical — ^ © ^ a ■ HISTORY OF KANSAS. 79 display. The eloquence of suffering and privation and death is in each name and every line. It was but three months from the time that Kansas was admitted as a State, when she was called upon to furnish her quota toward sup- pressing the Rebellion. Daring the years 1859-60, the military or- ganizations, formed for the protection of the people during the turbu- lent years preceding, had fallen into disuse, or been entirely broken up, and at the breaking out of the Civil AVar, the State government had no well -organized militia, no arms, accoutrements or supplies. The first call of the President for 75,000 militia was made April 15, 1861. Kansas furnished 650 men, and the Legislature immediately took measures to amend the military condition of the State. April 22, 1861, an act was passed providing "for the organization and disci- pline of the militia," under which, during Gov. Robinson's adminis- tration, that branch of the service was very generally organized throughout the State — 180 companies being formed, and organized into two divisions, four brigades and eleven regiments. Many of these companies entered the volunteer service, entire, under the various calls thereafter made, and of the remainder, the number was very much diminished from the same cause. Under the second call of President Lincoln, May, 1861, for 400,000 volunteers, the First and Second Reg- iments were recruited, many whole companies marching to the place of rendezvous and offering their services, besides those accepted. At each succeeding demand of the Government, the response of Kansas was cordial and earnest; and this in the face of the stern fact that no extra pecuniary recompense could be offered by the young and by no means wealthy State for their services, it being all she could do to meet the ordinary expenses of the situation. Kansas, neither as a State, nor by counties or cities, was obliged to resort to the system of offering bounties, extra pay to families of soldiers, or any of the other expedients commonly employed to encourage recruiting. Statistics show that the losses of Kansas regiments in killed in battle and from disease are greater per thousand than those of any other State. The peculiarly unhealthy localities in which a large part of their service was performed, with the laborious nature of the serv- ice itself — long marches through a wild and unsettled country; out- post and scout duty; poor hospital accommodations when ill — all combined to produce this result. It is noticeable that in the Northern regiments doing duty in like localities, the mortality was also very great. The entire quota assigned to the State was 16,654 and the number ■' ■f^ ^^ ^ :±==±±. raised was 20,097, leaving a surplus of 3,443, to the credit of Kansas. The First Regiment Kansas Volunteer Infantry was organized May 8, 1861, rendezvoused at Camp Lincoln, near Fort Leaven- worth, and was mustered into the United States service June 3, under the following officers : George W. Deitzler, of Lawrence, col- onel; Oscar E. Learnard, of Burlington, lieutenant colonel; John A. Halderman, of Leavenworth, major; Edwin S. Nash, of Olathe, adju- tant; George H. Chapin, of Quindaro, quartermaster; George E. Buddington, of Quindaro, surgeon; Ephraim Nute, of Lawrence, chaplain. The regiment served in Missouri, at Wilson's Creek, having seventy-seven men killed and 333 wounded. After further brave serv- ice in the South and Southwest, it was mustered out at Fort Leaven- worth June 17, 1864, except two veteran companies which continued in the service until August 30, 1865, after the close of the war. The Second Regiment Kansas Volunteer Infantry was recruited in May and June, 1861, rendezvoused at Lawrence, and was mustered in June 20, under the following officers: Robert B. Mitchell, of Mansfield, colonel; Charles W. Blair, of Fort Scott, lieutenant- colonel ; William F. Cloud, of Emporia, major; Edward Thomp- son, of Lawrence, adjutant; Shaler W. Eldridge, of Lawrence, quartermaster; Aquila B. Massey, of Lawrence, surgeon; Randolph C. Brant, of Lawrence, chaplain. This regiment also participated in the battle of Wilson's Creek, and its connection with that engage- ment is peculiarly interesting, historically. Col. Mitchell, at a most critical juncture, was about to move his regiment forward to the aid of the hard pressed regiments in front. As the regiment was moving to its position, Gen. Lyon, already bleeding from two wounds, joined Col. Mitchell at the head of the column, and swinging his hat in the air, called upon the soldiers to prepare for a bayonet charge on the enemy. The Second had scarcely time to rally around him, when their own brave leader. Col. Mitchell, fell, severely wounded, exclaim- ing as he was borne from the field: "For God's sake, support my regiment." His soldiers, deprived of their commander, cried out: " We are ready to follow— who will lead us?" "I will lead you," answered Gen. Lyon; "come on, brave men." The words were hardly uttered before he fell, mortally wounded by a bullet which struck him in the breast. The command of the Second now devolved upon Lieut. -Col. Blair. The men sprang forward, the charge was made, the enemy driven quite over the hill, and the command brought back to the brow of the hill and reformed. For a time Lieut. -Col. I^ '-^ Blair held his position, with but eight compauies of his regiment, and with no field or staff ofScer to assist him. Afterward, a section of a battery and four companies of the First Kansas were sent to his aid. Three of these companies were soon ordered to another position, and the battery withdrawn, but Col. Blair, having been rejoined by his own Company B, and the other regimental officers, held his ground, though totally unsupported and with ammunition nearly spent. Before the rebels had been fairly repulsed after their last and deadli- est assault on the whole line, Maj. Sturgis, believing the ammunition of the Second exhaiisted, ordered its withdrawal, but it remained in its old position an hour and a half with unbroken line, and withdrew only after the departure of the enemy, being the last regiment to leave the field. It saw other creditable service in Missouri and else- where, and was discharged at Leavenworth, with instructions to reorganize. Col. Mitchell, Lieut. -Col. Blair, Maj. Cloud and Capt. Crawford being retained in the service. The organization which proved to be the germ of the Second Kansas Cavalry was effected through the labors of Alson C. Davis, of Wyandotte County, Kas., who, in October, 1801, obtained authority from Maj. -Gen. Fremont, then commander of the Western Department, to raise a regiment of cavalry in the State of Kansas, such regiment to be designated the Twelfth Kansas Volunteers, with place of rendezvous at Fort Leav- enworth, Kas. The organization, as commenced, consisted of the fol- lowing officers: C. L. Gorton, adjutant; Julius G. Fisk, quartermas- ter; J. B. Welborne, surgeon. The dates of the organization of the several companies were as follows: Company A, November 22, 1861: Company B, December 9, 1861; Company C, December 11, 1861; Company D, December 11, 1861; Company E, December 15, 1861. December 26, by order of the governor. Companies F, G, H and I, of Nugent's Regiment of Missouri Home Guards, were attached to the organization, and its designation was changed to "Ninth Kan- sas Volunteers." December 31, 1861. Joseph P. Boot was mus- tered in as surgeon, vice J. B. Welborne. January 4, 1862, Owen A. Bassett was mustered in as lieutenant-colonel, Julius G. Fisk as major, and Luther H. Wood as quartermaster. January 7, Thomas B. Eldridge was mustered in as major and Rev. Charles Reynolds as chaplain. On the same day. Company K was organized. January 9, Alson C. Davis was mustered in as colonel, and Dr. George B. Wood as assistant surgeon, completing the organization of the Ninth Kansas Volunteers as follows: Colonel, Alson C. Davis, of Wyandotte 82 HISTORY OF KANSAS. County; lieiitenant-colonel, Owen A. Bassett, Douglas County; major, Julius G. Fisk, Wyandotte County; major, Thomas B. Eldridge, Douglas County; adjutant, C. L. Gorton, Leavenworth County; quar- termaster, Luther H. Wood, Wyandotte County; surgeon, Dr. Joseph P. Root, W^yandotte County; chaplain. Rev. Charles Reynolds, Douglas County. The regiment left Fort Leavenworth on January 20, 1862, with orders to establish winter quarters at Quindaro. On the 4th of February, the four companies formerly attached to Nugent' s Regiment were mustered out, their enlistment being for home service, thus reducing the regiment to six companies. The Ninth now being below regulation size. Col. Davis resigned, and Maj. Eldridge was, at his owu request, mustered out. Company K from this time was designated as Company F. On February 28, 1862, Maj. -Gen. Hunter, commanding the department of Kansas, assigned to the Ninth Kansas Volunteers the following otlicers and companies, for- merly belonging to the Second Kansas Volunteer Infantry: Colonel, Robert B. Mitchell; majors, Charles W. Blair and William F. Cloud. John Pratt was appointed adjutant; Cyrus L. Gorton, quarter- master; Luther H. Wood, first battalion quartermaster, and David C. Coleman, first battalion adjutant. On the 11th of March Col. Mitchell assumed command of the Ninth Kansas, and on the 12th the regiment left winter quarters at Quindaro, and, pursuant to orders, moved to Shawneetown. On March 15 the name of the regiment was changed to Second Kansas Volunteers, and again changed on the 27th of the same month to the name by which it was thereafter known — Second Kansas Cavalry. The officers of the regiment were the fol- lowing: Robert B. Mitchell, colonel, Mansfield; Owen A. Bassett, lieutenant colonel, Lawrence; Charles W. Blair, major. Fort Scott; John Pratt, adjutant, Lawrence; David R. Coleman, battalion adju- tant, Paris; Cyrus L. Gorton, quartermaster, Leavenworth; Joseph P. Root, surgeon, Wyandotte; Charles Reynolds, chaplain. Fort Riley. Col. Mitchell, having been promoted to brigadier-general, April 8, 1862, with command of the proposed New Mexico expedi- tion, June 1, Col. William F. Cloud, of the Tenth, was assigned to the command of the Second Cavalry. May 16, Capt. Henry Hopkins, First Lieut. Robert H. Hunt, Second Lieut. John K. Rankin and Second Lieut. Joseph Crocklin, with a detail of privates, were assigned to Hopkins' (formerly Hollister's) Battery, and were ordered with the brigade of Gen. Mitchell to Tennessee. Maj. Julius G. Fisk, with squadrons A and D, was ordered to New 9 "y^ -. HISTORY OF KANSAS. ~ 83 Mexico. The regiment served in the southwest principally, going by way of Fort Riley In March, 1864, the Second was assigned to Lieut. -Col. Bassett's Cavalry Brigade, under Maj. Fisk. In Sep- tember, 1864, Col. Cloud was assigned to the staff of Maj. -Gen. Curtis. The different companies were mustered out between March 18 and June 22, 1865, at Little Rock, Fort Leavenworth and Fort Gibson. The men were paid and discharged at Lawrence, August 17. The Fifth Kansas Cavalry was organized in July, 1861, under the following officers: Colonel, Hampton P. Johnson, Leavenworth; lieu- tenant-colonel, John Ritchie, Topeka; major, James H. Summers; adjutant, Stephen R. Harrington, Washington, D. C. ; quartermaster, James Davis, Leavenworth; surgeon, E. B. Johnson, Leavenworth; chaplain, Hugh D. Fisher, Lawrence. Col. Johnson assumed com- mand of the Fifth at Fort Scott in August, 1861. The regiment served principally iu Arkansas. In September, 1864, several com- panies were mustered out at Fort Leavenworth, their term of service having expired. During the year, members of the remaining com- panies were mustered out at Leavenworth, Pine Bluff and Little Rock. June 22, 1862, the re-enlisted veterans of the Fifth were mustered out at Duvall's Bluff, Ark. The Sixth Regiment Volunteer Cavalry was organized in the spring of 1862, by the reorganization of several "Home Guard" companies, then lately mustered out of the service, officered thus: Colonel, Will- iam R. Judson; lieutenant-colonel, Lewis R. Jewell; major, William T. Campbell; adjutant, 'Isaac Statten; quartermaster, Simeon B. Gordon; surgeon, John S. Redfield; chaplain, Richard Duvall — all of Fort Scott. The duties required of the Sixth were not such as to call forth the impetuous daring that marks men in desperate engage- ments, but rather such as test a soldier's endurance and strength of nerve — long and weary pursuits of an enemy over his native country, scouting through the forests and passes of Missouri, Arkansas and Kansas — but, such as they were, they had their peculiar perils, and they were bravely met. The regiment was mustered out late in 1864 and early in 1865. The Seventh Kansas Cavalry was organized October 28, 1861, and mustered into the service of the United States under the following officers: Colonel, Charles R. Jennison, Leavenworth; lieutenant- colonel, Daniel R. Anthony, Leavenworth; major, Thomas P. Her- rick, Highland; adjutant, John T. Snoddy, Mound City; quarter- 84 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. master, Robert W. Hamer, Leavenworth; surgeon. Joseph L. Weaver, Leavenworth; chaplain, Samuel Ay era, Leavenworth. The regiment served in Missouri, Mississippi and Tennessee, and was mustered out at Fort Leavenworth in September, 1865. Lieut. -Col. Anthony was deprived of his command in Tennessee, June 18, 1862, for issuing an offensive order. July 17 Maj. Albert T. Lee was promoted to colonel, and assumed command of the regiments. Col. Lee having been pro- moted to brigadier-general November 29, 1862, the command devolved upon Lieut. -Col. Herrick. During the Missouri campaign of 180-1 the regiment was commanded by Lieut. -Col. F. M. Malone. The Eighth Infantry was originally recruited and intended for home and frontier service. Hostile Indians on the west and armed rebels on the east, rendering Kansas at any moment liable to invasion, a double duty devolved on the young State, and at that period of the war, while furnishing liberally of her "bone and sinew" to repel the enemy abroad, her own homes and families had also to be considered and protected. As organized in November, 1861, the regiment con- sisted of six infantry and two cavalry companies, with the following regimental officers: Colonel, Henry W. Wessels, United States army; lieutenant-colonel, John A. Martin; major, Edward F. Schneider; adjutant, S. C. Russell; quartermaster, E. P. Bancroft. During the three months following this organization, various changes were made' in the regiment. Some companies were added, some were transferred to other regiments, and some were consolidated. February 7, 1862, Col. Wessels was ordered to Washington to assume command of his regiment in the regular army, and Lieut. -Col. Martin succeeded to his place. Later in the mouth, the Eighth was consolidated with a battalion raised for New Mexican service, the cavalry com2)anies, D and H, were transferred to the Ninth Kansas, and the Eighth, now an entire infantry regiment, was placed under command of Col. R. H. Graham. The organization of the regiment after these changes was as follows: Colonel, Robert H. Graham, Leavenworth; lieutenant- colonel, John A. Martin, Atchison; major, Edward F. Schneider, Leavenworth; adjutant, Sheldon C. Russell, Lawrence; quartermas- ter, E. P. Bancroft, Emporia; surgeon, J. B. Woodward, Riley County: chaplain, John Paulson, Topeka. May 28- five companies of the regiment — B, E, H, I and K — after being reviewed at Fort Leaven- worth, embarked on a Missouri steamer, under orders from Gen. Blunt, then commander of western department, to report at Corinth. Miss. At St. Louis, Col. Graham was obliged to resign his command, in con- ' %^ (a r ^^ 3) "V 3 >?• sequence of sickness, and it again devolved upon Lieut. -Col. Martin. In December, 1862, Col. Martin was assigned to the command of the brigade, and Maj. Schneider to that of the regiment. In February, 1863, Companies A, C, D, F, and, in March, Company G, rejoined the regiment. These companies had been stationed at different posts in Kansas, chiefly employed in repelling the incursions of rebel bands from Missouri, and guarding the frontier of their own State. January ■4, 1864, four-fifths of all the members of the Eighth, then present in camp, re-enlisted as veteran volunteers. On the 9th, Gen. AVillich assumed command of the Third Division, the command of the First Brigade devolving upon Col. Martin, and that of the regiment upon Maj. James M. Graham. Col. Martin was mustered out at Pulaski on the 17th of November, his term of service having expired. The fol lowing day Lieut. -Col. Conover took command of the regiment. The Eighth saw service in East Tennesee, and especially recommended itself to the admiration of the nation by the part it took at Mission Ridge. At the close of the war it went to Texas, and did not return until January, 1866, when it was mustered out at Leavenworth. It was one of the earliest regiments in the field, and its term of service did not close until the echo of the last Confederate gun had died away. The Ninth Kansas Volunteer Cavalry was organized March 27, 1862, under the following officers: Colonel, Edward Lynde, Grass- hopper Falls; lieutenant colonel, Charles S. Clarke, lola; major, James M. Pomeroy; adjutant, Luin K. Thacher, Kansas City; quarter- master. William Rosenthal, Lawrence; surgeon, Henry C. Bostick, lola;. chaplain, Gilbert S. Northrup. The final organization of the Ninth was efl^ected by consolidating and organizing the lola battalion (raised in Southern Kansas) with detachments of the First Battalion Kansas Cavalry, the Third Kansas, and the Eighth Kansas Volunteers. The place of rendezvous for these companies was Fort Leavenworth, where also the regiment was organized, and whence the companies were de- tached to various posts of duty — A, on escort duty to Fort Union, N. M. ; B, into the mountains of Colorado, to build Fort Halleck; C, to Fort Riley; G, to Fort Lyon, Colo., and I, to Fort Laramie. The de- tachments on the plains were long in defense of overland mail routes, and the protection of immigrants, one detachment proceeding north- west to Montana, the other having its station along the Santa Fe route. The four companies, D, E, F and H, under Maj. Bancroft, formed a part of the expedition into the Indian coimtry, and, under Col. Lynde, were engaged during a part of August, 1 862, in pursuing the force of fe^ Gen. CofPey through Western Missouri. The regiment took part in the desultory warfare which was waged in Kansas, Missouri and Ar- kansas, remaining on duty at Little Rock and Duvall's BlufP until its term of service expired, some of the companies returning to Leaven- worth in the fall of 1864, to be mustered out of the service, and some remaining until mustered out in the summer of 1865. April 3, 1862, the Third and Fourth Kansas Regiments, together with a small portion of the Fifth, were, by order of the war depart- ment, consolidated at Paola, Kas. The regiment formed by such con- solidation was designated the Tenth Kansas Infantry, and was at that time organized under the following officers: Colonel, William F. Cloud, Emporia; lieutenant colonel, Henry H. Williams, Osawatomie; major, Otis B. Gunn; adjutant, Casimio B. Zulaoski, Boston, Mass.; surgeon, Mahlon Bailey; chaplain, John H. Drummond, Marysville. The regiment saw service on the border, and at the expiration of its term was mustered out at Fort Leavenworth. The Tenth Kansas Veteran Regiment was composed of four com panies, the Veterans, with the recruits of Companies F and I, forming the new companies, A and B. The regiment was commanded by Maj. Henry H. Williams from its organization until the last of August, 186-t, when he was placed in charge of Scholield Barracks, St. Louis. The Tenth left St. Louis for Pilot Knob, Mo., under command of Lieut. F. A. Smiley, Company D, and on its arrival the command was transferred to Capt. George D. Brooke, Company C. On November 7, the regiment embarked at St. Louis for Padueah, Ky., and on its arrival at that place Capt. William C. Jones, of Company B, took command. November 28, it arrived at Nashville, and the next day at Columbia, Tenn., being at the latter place assigned to the Fourth Army Corps, Gen. Stanley commanding. The regiment fell back with the army of Gen. Scholield after the battle of Franklin, and on reach- ing Nashville was employed on the defenses of the city until Decem- ber 16, having been in the meantime transferred to the Seventeenth, afterward Sixteenth Army Corps, Second Brigade, Second Division. Later it was commanded by Capt. (afterward Lieut. -Col.) Charles S. Hills. It took part in subsequent warfare in that field, and acquitted itself heroically on more than one occasion. It was mustered out in Alabama, and, September 20, 1865, received payment and final dis- charge at Fort Leavenworth. The Eleventh Kansas Infantry (afterward cavalry) was the result of the energetic and patriotic Hon. Thomas Ewing, Jr., at a time ;^ when the State felt hardly able to spare even the men it had already in the field. The first recruit enlisted August 8, 1862, and on the 14th of September the last company was mustered in, the line officers as follows: Field and staff— colonel, Thomas E wing, Jr., Leavenworth; lieutenant-colonel, Thomas Moonlight, Leavenworth; major, Preston B. Plumb, Emporia; adjutant, John Williams, Leavenworth; quar- termaster,, James R. McClure, Junction City; surgeon, George W. Hogeboom, Leavenworth; chaplain, James S. Ciine, Tecumseh. On the promotion of Col. Ewing to be brigadier-general, Lieut. Col. Maonlight was promoted to colonel, Maj. Plumb to lieutenant -colonel, and Capt. Anderson to major; but the regiment having lost over 300 men. its number was below the minimum, and they could not mus- ter at that time. On changing the regiment to cavalry, it was again below regulation size, and Maj. Anderson was the only field officer mustered in until the following spring, when two additional com- panies having been recruited and mustered in, the organization of the Eleventh Kansas Cavalry was completed by the commission of Lieut. - Col. Moonlight as colonel, Maj. Plumb as lieutenant colonel, and Capts. Ross and Adams as majors. Early in the war the regiment was in Missouri and Arkansas. Later it served under Gen. Ewing in Southwest Missouri and Kansas. In 1864 it took part in the cam- paign against Price; after that in the movement against the Indians. Lieut. -Col. Plumb succeeded Col. Moonlight in command. The regi- ment was mustered out at Fort Leavenworth in the early fall of 1865. The Twelfth Infantry was recruited by C. W. Adams, of Law- rence, in the counties of Wyandotte, Johnson, Douglas, Miami, Franklin, Coffey, Allen, Linn and Bourbon. It was mustered into the service at Paola, September 25, 1862, under the following offi- cers: Field and staff— colonel, Charles W. Adams, Lawrence; lieu- tenant-colonel, Jonas E. Hayes, Olathe; major, Thomas H. Kennedy, Lawrence; adjutant, Charles J. Lovejoy, Baldwin City; quartermas- ter, Andrew J. Shannon, Paola; surgeon, Thomas Lindsay, Garnett; chaplain, Werter R. Davis, Baldwin City. This regiment served on the frontier, and was mustered out at Little Rock, June 3, 1865. The Thirteenth Kansas Infantry was raised in conformity to the quota assigned Kansas, under President Lincoln's call of July, 1862, and was recruited by Cyrus Leland, Sr., in the counties of Atchison, Brown, Doniphan, Marshall and Nemaha. The rendezvous was established at Camp Stanton, city of Atchison, the regiment organ - ^ M '-hL ized September 10, 1862, and mustered into the service of the United States on September 20 of the same year, under the fol- lowing officers: Colonel, Thomas M. Bowen, Marysville; lieutenant- colonel, John B. Wheeler, Troy; major, Caleb A. Woodworth, Atchi- son; adjutant, "William P. Badger; quartermaster, Cyrus Leland; sur- geon, William M. Grimes, Atchison; chaplain, Daniel A. Murdock. The Thirteenth was in the engagement at Prairie Grove, and saw con- siderable guerrilla warfare. It was mustered out at Little Rock, Ark., June 26, 1865. The nucleus of the Fourteenth Kansas Volunteer Infantry was four companies of cavalry, which were recruited as personal escort of Maj.- Gen. Blunt, m the spring of 1863. The necessity of raising an ad- ditional force for fi'ontier service was so imperative that the recruit- ing of a whole regiment was authorized, and the work performed dur- ing the summer and fall, Maj. T. J. Anderson serving as recruiting officer. The organization of the regiment was partially completed in November as follows: Field and staff — colonel, Charles W. Blair, Fort Scott; majors, Daniel H. David, Charles Willetts and John G. Brown, Leavenworth; adjutant, William O. Gould, Leavenworth; assistant sur- geon, Albert W. Chenowith, Lecompton. The Fourteenth took part in the peculiarly dangerous and wearing service on the border and in the campaign against Price. It was mustered out at Lawrence, August 20, 1805. After the numerous guerrilla raids of 1863, under Coffey, Rains and Quantrell, culminated in the terrible massacre at Lawrence, Gov. Carney immediately commissioned Col. C. R. Jennison to recruit a reg- iment of cavalry for the express jJurpose of protecting the eastern border of Kansas. Rendezvous was established at Leavenworth, and in a month the required companies were raised, and the Fifteenth Kansas Volunteer Cavalry organized under the following officers: Colonel, Charles R. Jennison, Leavenworth; lieutenant-colonel, George H. Hoyt, Boston, Mass. ; major, Robert H. Hunt, Leavenworth; adjutant, Joseph Mackle; quartermaster, George W. Carpenter; surgeon, Augustus E. Denning, Topeka; chaplain, Benjamin L. Read, Leavenworth. The reg- iment served in Missouri and Kansas, taking part in repelling the Price raid. The Sixteenth Volunteer Cavalry was organized during the latter period of the war, and was officered as follows: Colonel, Werter R; Davis, Baldwin City; lieutenant-colonel, Samuel Walker, Lawrence; major, James A. Price, and adjutant, Philip Doppler, both of Wes- ton, Mo.; quartermaster, William B. Halyard; surgeon, James P. :fxr^ ■^-^ — ■ — '■^ HISTORY OF KANSAS. 89 Erickson; chaplaiu, Thomas J. Ferril, Baldwin City. This regiment was out against Price, and participated in guerrilla and Indian warfare in Missouri. In response to the President's call of April 23, 1804, for troops to serve 100 days, live companies were recruited in Kansas and organized into a battalion, which, July 28, was mastered into the Seventeenth Kansas, at Fort Leavenworth, under the following officers: Lieutenant- colonel, Samuel A. Drake; adjutant, D. C Standbridge; quarter- master, D. B. Evans; assistant surgeon, George E. Baddington; all of Leavenworth. This regiment, the last raised in the State, served with credit to the end of the struggle. Six companies of the First Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry were mustered in January 13, 1863. The organization was completed with four additional companies. May 2, under these officers: Colonel, James M. Williams; lieutenant-colonel, John Bowles; major, Richard J. Ward; adjutant, Richard J. Hinton; quartermaster, Elijah Hughes; surgeon, Samuel C. Harrington. It performed good services in the Southwest, and was mustered out at Pine Bluff, Ark., October 1, 1865. The Second Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry also served on the bolder. It was organized in the summer of 1863, and organized at Fort Smith. Ark., under the following field and staff officers: Colonel, Samuel J. Crawford, Garnett; lieutenant-colonel, Horatio Knowles; major, James H. Gillpatrick, Junction City; adjutant, John R. Mont- gomery, Little Rock, Ark.; quartermaster, Edwin Stokes, Clinton; surgeon, George W. Walgamott, Lawrence; chaplain, Josiah B. Mc- Affee, Topeka. It was discharged from the service at Leavenworth, November 27, 1865, having, as did also the First Colored Infantry, nobly performed its duty, and by its faithful service proved the bravery and efficiency of colored soldiers. The First Kansas Volunteer Battery has left meager records. Its first officers were mustered in July 24, 1861, about fifty artillery men enlisting that month. The organization was as follows: Captain, Thom- as Bickerton; first lieutenant, Norman Allen, both of Lawrence; sec- ond lieutenant, Hartson R. Brown; first sergeant, John B. Cook, Au- burn; second sergeant, Shelby Sprague, Prairie City; corporal, John S. Gray, Mornd City. Many recruits were added to the battery dur- ing the early part of 1862, and it participated in the battle at Prairie Grove. It left Rolla, Mo., July 9, 1863, for St. Louis. In conse- quence of the death of Capt. Norman Allen, who was promoted Feb- ruary 25, 1862, and who died at St. Louis July 10, 1863, the command 90 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. devolved oa Lieut. Thomas Taylor. Lieut. H. R. Brown having been mustered out February 15, 1862. Directly succeeding the death of Capt. Allen the battery was ordered to Indiana, and took an active part in capturing Morgan's guerrilla band, then on its raid through that State. After this it was ordered to St. Louis, and subsequently to Columbua, Ky. It served with distinction in all the principal actions in which the armies of the Tennessee and Mississippi were en- gaged, and its numbers were greatly reduced by the casualties of war and by disease. It was mustered out of service at Leavenworth, Kas., July 17, 1865. The work of organizing the Second Kansas Volunteer Battery was commenced in August, 1802, under the supervision of Maj. O. W. Blair, of the Second Kansas Cavalry. Its organization was completed on September 19, following, its officers being as follows: Charles W. Blair, Fort Scott, commanding; first lieutenant, Edward A. Smith; first lieutenant, David C. Knowles; second lieutenant, Andrew G. Clark, all of Fort Scott; second lieutenant, Aristarchus Wilson, Ma- pleton; first sergeant, William Requa, Mount Gilead; quartermaster- sergeant, William H. Boyd, Mansfield. At the time the battery was mustered in at Fort Scott, its entire force was 123 officers and men, two twelve-pounder field howitzers, and four sis pounder guns. The battery was assigned to First Brigade, Gen. Soloman, First Division, Gen. Blunt, of the Army of the Frontier, then consolidated under Gen. Schofield at Pea Ridge, and participated gallantly in the warfare in the Southwest. It was mustered out of service in August, 1865. The military organization afterward known as the Third Kansas Batteiy was originally recruited as a cavalry company, by Henry Hop- kins and John F. Aduddell, in the latter part of 1861, and on the formation of the Second Kansas Cavalry, February 28, 1862, was assigned to that regiment as Company B, its officers being as follows: Captain, Henry Hopkins, and first lieutenant, John F. Aduddell, both of Albion, 111. ; second lieutenant, Oscar F. Dunlap, Topeka. May 15, 1862, the latter was succeeded by Bradford S. Bassett. Capt. Hop- kins having been ordered to the command of Hollister's battery, Lieut. Aduddell succeeded to the command. This organization served in the Southwest, principally in Arkansas, latterly under the command of Lieut. Bassett, and was mustered out in January, 1865, except about fifty men who were attached to the Second Battery. Three Indian regiments were actively engaged in the United States service during the war of the Rebellion, which were officered and ^ eJ ^ ^ U-, HISTORY OF KANSAS. 91 entirely recruited in Kansas. The recruits were chiefly from the loyal refugee Seminole and Creek Indians, who had taken refuge from the encroachments of hostile Indians under Stand- Waitie, in the southern border of the State. A few were resident Indians, having homes and families in Kansas. CASUALTIES IN KANSAS REGIMENTS DURINCi THE WAR. KiUed. Died of Wounds Deaths by Disease 1 111 2 53 a •p O c Mis'ing REGIMENTS. 1 O i o a 1 1 o 1 1 O s a Ed g o 1 O 1 1 o o e o i 1 o 1 First Infantry Sf.ona Infantry Sp.i.ii.1 Cavali-y Fifth (avail V Si\tli lavalrv s.-v.Mitli(;iv:Ury Ei^'hth Infantry NintliCavaliy Tentli infantry Eleventh Cavalry.... Twelfth Infantry .... Thirteenth Infantry. Fourteenth Cavalry . Fifteenth Cavalry . . . Sixteenth Cavalry . . . First Col. Infantry. . . Second Col. Infantry. First Battery Se 1 liattery Tiiircl liatt.-rv Ind. Col. Hattery 11 1 I 1 3 2 86 4 50 40 73 53 GO 4-2 15 56 11 14 48 10 10 15b 21 3 5 5 • • 1 12 U 18 8 23 13 8 9 1 6 2 9 3 10 16 2 i 2 3 1 3 4 1 2 94 93 219 120 97 132 199 118 101 111 104 106 77 94 165 187 20 15 17 9 238 6 191 96 130 226 128 89 75 24 38 126 157 154 135 62 63 19 13 14 4 • • 209 Bl 113 117 160 180 158 84 106 82 156 49 144 50 66 28 20 6 7 16 4 16 25 4 3 6 1 2 25 I 14 36 4 14 27 11 24 28 25 12 5 14 21 4 10 12 15 15 3 'i i 8 5 2 3 2 1 8 I i i Total 34 762 12 192 26 2080 _2_ 1988 8 11849 J^ 94 43 4 281 _ ^5 ^■, ■^ •u ^' 92 HISTORY OF KANSAS. CiOVEUNORS MILITARY STAFF-ISGl-1863. (Appointed underact May 7, ISGI.) HIS EXCELLENCY CHARLES ROBINSON, GOVERNOR AND COJIMANDER-IN-CHIEF, February 9, 1861, to January 12, 1863. Office. Names. Rank. Appointed. Remarlis. Adjutant-General.... Quartermaster-Gen.. Asst. Qarterm.-Gen.. Paymaster-General. . Inspector-General . . . .Iu(lge Advocate Cliiei Engineer Aides-de-Camp . Roljt. B. Mitcliell. Bi I llfiuvi). Slid A. .1. Mitcliell. B. F. Simpson J. P.Greer... O. B. Gimn... J. L. .MiI)o«-( John .V. .M;ui E. P. UlIirlMl .1. .■MulltUOlllr Will. Tholrll ., I J. F. ^'ullllllinj^s Bi Ki ;;.-ii r.i "'-(! nl„.| Ap'.lCol.2dK. IJune20,'61 l;i^i;;ued. l^FeVi. 26, '63. i \ ice Allen resigned.) Res. Removed Marcli 20, 1862. Appointed vice Collamore GOVERNOR'S MILITARY STAFF— 1SG3-1S65. HIS EXCELLENCY THOMAS CARNEY, GOVERNOR AND COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF, January 12, isua, to January 9, 1S65. Office. Names. Rank. Appointed. Remarks. r Guilford Dudley. Brig.-Gen Feb. 27, 1863.1 Re-'d with rank of Col. March Aujutant-Geneial.. 2, 1864, under act of Feb. 24, 1864; resigned May 2, 1864. IC. K.HoIUday... Edward Russell... Colonel.. . May 2, ISM.. Resigned March 31, 1865. Q.M. General Biig.-Gen March 3, 1863 Re-'d with rank of Col. May 2, 1864, under act Feb. 24, 1864. Paymaster-Gen. ... ^ ohnG. oti^ Toluhrl.. 'F.I.. in. is.r... 1 Judge Advocate... O.V. I.imr , 1 ol 1.. l-.l, i:i, im;;;.. i (CIS. G. Inkier. < -l'ih"l.. r.'li. I:i, 1m;:i.. A. W.Sp.n.Miim 1 "1 1., l-.'ii. i:i. isi;:;.. S. M. Stn.-kliT ("l^n.'i.. F,.|,. i;.. isii:i.. f. V. l-:skri.l-.- 1 "iMiiri.. ivi.. ri.i.si;;!.. Jnsi:lll Miller 1 mImii.1.. |',.|,. i;.. Jsia. .!.(.■. llelliill;;lav. ( '. .lolL-l.. All-. 'Jl. Isa. Tlios. H. liiitler 1 'ilfiml.. s.pt. 1l'. l.siB 1). Brnckwav,,.. Coluiiel . N,,\. lu, i.siB. , Lvp'd under act of May 7, 1S61. Aides-de-Camp.... J. A. .M ■GoliiL'le. l.ieiit. Ciil .M.ircll ■.>. 1.SG41 F. H. Dreiiiiiii-. I.ieiit.( ul March j, ISW Jlio, li. Swallow Lieut, (mI Mairli j. LsiVl S. F. ,\tw..(Ml,.,, Lieut, < "! \piil j'l, isi;4 Ap'd under act Feb. 24, 1864. W.G. Clawfcid., I.i.'ul, Col iirt, M. l.siu,. S'l aide ap. ser. d'g Price raid. A. S. llil-lle., l.i.MiLI olUrt, 1(1, lsi;4.. SI aide ap. ser. d g Price raid. W.Rosenthall Liont.rnKi.tlii, Hiu,, ;S'l aide ap. ser. d'g Price raid. iJolin W. lln.uii Lieut. Co n.t. la. IsiH.. J !S1 aide ap. ser. d'g Price raid. HISTORY OF KANSAS. 93 OFFICERS FROM KANSAS, ABOVK THE RANK OF COLONEL, COMiMISSIONED BY THE PRESIDENT. MA.IOR-GENERAL. Name. Date of Commission. Eemaiks. James G. Blunt.... Nov. 29, 18C2... Honorably mustered out July 29, ises. BRIGADIER-GENERALS. Date of Commission. Robert B. Mitchell.. I April ,> James O. Blunt .\|iiil - Albert L. Lee N"\. _■ G. \V. Deitzler Xo\ . j Thomas Ennng, Jr.. Man li i:;. l.^ lua .Majo ■'I nut .laniiary 15, 18GG. 'Mi.-ial, November29, 1862, .Maroh 13; resigned Feb. 23, 1865. Powell Clayton |Aiigust 1, lSW.|Houorably mustered out August 24, 18G5. BREVET ERIG.4DIER-GENERALS. Names. Thomas M. Bowen. James M. Williams. Charles W.Blair.... Tliomas Moonlight.. Charles W. Adams.. Jcilin Ritcliie Sauiupl .!.( lawfi.rd .l.ihii A, .Maitiu .laniPS Ketiii'r George H. Hoyt William R. .Tudson . Echv'd F. SohuPider Samuel Walki-r Charles Mundee. ... Date of Commission. Feb. 13, 18G5. . Feb. 13, 1865. . Feb. 13, 1865.. Feb. 13, 18G5. . Feb. 13, 1865. . Colonel 1.3th Kas. Vol. Inf.; dismissed June 28. 18C5; rein- stated Nov. 22. l.si;.-,; hou. dis'd to date June 28, 1865. iColoiicl First Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry; mus- llt llrtnhi I. IS itirntli Kansas Volunteer Cavalry; mustered Kir 'eh L'l. I- nth Kansas Volunteer Cavalry; mustered .pni\ I,. Isi;.-). il rnrlith Kansas Volunteer Infantry; mustereil .lniii':;n. i.sc.-,. 1 .^^'uihI 1,-,-illirnt lli.li:ili llniiiE-Ciianls. i.Marcli 1.;, i-. March 13, 18C5. .March 13, isi;.-,. .M.-irrh l:;. Iv.r, ■:\ \ . Ililalil ■ liif.iiitry. aiiy; nuistered out He. Lieutenant-Colonel Fifteenth Kansas Volunteer Cav- alry. Colonel Sixth Kansas \'olunteer Cavalrv. l.iciitPiiaut-( ..l,.ii. I ICiulitli Kansas VUliuiteer Cavalry. I,ip|il''ii,inl-c..l I Si\t...'iilli l\aii-.:is \'..lunteer Cav. M:(|i.l- aiiM Av-i^lanl .\.l |nt:iiit-l .riiiTal V. S. Volunteers. GOVERNOR'S MILITARY STAFF, 1865. HIS EXCELLENCV SAMUEL J. CRAWFORD, GOVERNOR AXD COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF. INAU- GURATED JA.NUARV 9, 1865. Office. Name. Rank. Appointment. Remarks. Adjutant-Gcnrr.il.. Q. M (iiuiral Paymasti 1 i;ii]. Surgeon-General.. Aides-de-Camp .... .\sst. Ad.it.-Gen.. . . T.J. Au.liasnn . I>. K. I'.all.u.i .I..IU1 K. KankilJ. N. T. WiuaTis. . . 1 Charles Dimond. ■ Cyrus Leland, Jr. (E.G. Ross H. T. Beman rMJ,,ni|. I'uliillrl ' Lieut. I'd Lieut. Col Lieut. Cnl Major. .Vliriilii.'lsr,,-,. lApp-i Al.rillo.l.s,;.-,,, App'.l April 10. 1,s,;.-,. App-, April PI. 1M„-,. .\pi>d iiiiiS il iS- i^' Si r^ li:^ 94 HISTORY OF KANSAS. The Price raid and Curtis expedition cost the citizens of Kansas, besides the labor, loss of life, and such incidental losses as could not be computed, not less than half a million dollars. The Government was, of course, bound to reimburse them, so far as the losses could be established as valid claims growing out of the war in which the coun- try was then engaged. The Legislature of 1865 made provision for the assumption and payment of the claims by the State, looking to the general Government for reimbursemen'. Several successive com- missions have been appointed to settle all of these claims, but their adjustment has been attended with much difficulty, and it is probable that many of them will never be settled to the satisfaction of all con- cerned. The war was followed by Indian troubles in Kansas, from 1864 to 1874, which were not terminated without much savage atrocity and the loss of many innocent lives. Men and children and women had been slain — many of the latter had suffered a fate worse than death. Even after all difficulties had apparently been adjusted by treaty in 1868, the red men kept up desultory warfare in different localities, which did not cease until about ten years after the Civil War. 9 V -^.J^ -^ HISTORY OF KANSAS. 95 CHAPTER Y. The Growth of Cities in the State— An Advocate of Kickapoo— "Cities" of the Past— Pawnee— Quindaro — Delaware— Sum- ner— Doniphan— Elwood—Otiiek "Cities on Paper"— Their In- fluential Projectors and Phomoters— Lecompton and Min- neola — The Cities of the Present— Kansas City — Topeka— Leavenworth — Fort Scott— Lawrence-Other Municipali- ties—The Centers of Trade and Finance and the Results of Energy and Well-Directed Effort. Our fathers nc.\t, in architecture skill'd, Cities for use, and torts for safety bull Then palaces and lofty domes arose; These for devolion, and for pleasure those.- -Blackmore. ' V^ BOUT the middle of October, 1854, there were manj' passengtrs aboard the old-time steamer .'' "F. X. Aubrey," on her trip from St. Louis to \' Leavenworth. Among-them was Col. C. K. Hol- liday, the most prominent among the founders P^ and builders of the capital city of Kansas, who ' '^ \^ made the acquaintance of an elderly gentle- man from Weston, Mo., who took a lively in- terest in Kansas, having already invested in the new Terri- tory, and determined to make it bis future home. Upon learning that Mr. Holliday was going to Kansas with a view to making a permanent settlement, this gentleman was kind enough to give him numerous, more or less valua- ble, hints and suggestions. ' ' Don" t make a mistake, young man," he said, "don't make a mistake. Near the great el- bow of the Missouri, there is bound to be built the greatest city of the continent, and that city, sir, is Kickapoo." Mr. Holliday suggested that he had heard much of Atchison, Leavenworth and Wyandotte, but he was quickly given to understand that if he wished -fe^ ^1 ll^r to grow up with and become part of a great city, he must locate at Kickapoo. If, however, he could not reconcile himself to living in a large commercial emporium like Kickapoo, he was advised to "stick his stakes" at Douglas or Tecumseh, both of which would surely be large interior cities, and one of which would doubtless be the capital. Strange as it may seem to-day, it is true that Kickapoo, situated on the Missouri River, some six or eight miles above Leavenworth, then aspired to be one of the great cities of the Territory, and hoped to be- come the greatest. And it is equally true that Tecumseh had similar aspirations of becoming the largest interior city, and not without reason, for Tecumseh came within one vote of being made the capital by the first Legislative Assembly, and would doubtless have secured the location, had not the personal interests of a majority of the mem- bers influenced them to make the location at Lecompton. The import- ance of these cities was fully recognized by the Legislative Assembly, however, in that it established the county seat of Leavenworth County at Kickapoo, of Douglas County at Douglas, and of Shawnee County at Tecumseh. Nor would the friends of these respective cities for a moment concede that Leavenworth could ever successfully compete with Kickapoo, nor Lawrence with Douglas, nor Topeka, not even founded in the initial period of this history, with Tecumseh. Pawnee should not be overlooked in an account of these early Ter- ritorial cities. It was situated upon a beautiful plateau on the north bank of the Kansas River, about a mile east of Fort Riley, and was planted there by a number of prominent gentlemen, most of them from Pennsylvania, who were supposed to be quite near to, and have much influence with, the administrative authority of the Territory. Their hopes for Pawnee soared high above the hopes of the friends of Kicka- poo, Douglas or Tecumseh. At this place the first Legislative As- sembly was convened, and it was hoped that an act would speedily be passed making Pawnee the permanent capital. But the political tires which swept and devastated the Territory for the next three years had already been kindled. The Assembly, therefore, did not only not make Pawnee the capital, but refused to do any business whatever there other than to organize, and then adjourn to the Shawnee Mis- sion, where the remainder of its session was held. A large and sub- stantial stone building was erected, by private means, in which the two houses of the assembly might hold their sessions, and other buildings were brought into existence for the accommodation of the officers and members. Upon investigation, however, it was ascertained that Paw- * ^ ^ nee was located upon the Fort Riley military reservation. This was construed as an invasion of the reserved territory ot the United States; and upon the facts being made known at Washington, the President ordered the army to expel the citizens, and, if need be, to bombard and destroy the city. The city was ever afterward known, until it passed from the recollections of the people, as "Pawnee-on-the- Reserve. " In these modern days, when one wishes to express in the superlative degree any great movement in trade, in manufacture, in real estate, in the rapid growth of cities, it is called a "boom." The biggest boom that Kansas ever had in the city line took place in 1857 and 1858. The causes of this movement were too numerous to be enumerated in detail. Principally, however, a great panic was prevailing in the Eastern States, and the many persons failing there strove to place the remnants saved from the wrecks of their fortunes where they would best escape the vigilance of creditors and at the same time be most remunerative. Kansas having been extensively advertised through its "Border Ruffian" troubles, and by the Buchanan-Fremont campaign of 1856, peace being at last assured, and large bodies of valuable pub- lic lands being offered for sale, the rush of people to the Territory was most extraordinary. Unlike those who came in the three pre- ceding years, those who came in 1857 were possessed of considerable means. The result was that both lands and city lots, especially the latter, were in the greatest demand. All sales were made for cash. The older and really more substantial cities and towns having been sold and resold, and the demand being still unsupplied, new towns or cities — everything was a city then — were being daily organized, sur- veyed, platted and sold. Lots, or groups of lots, were seldom sold. The plan was almost universal to issue certificates of shares in the new city and sell the certificates. The city would be divitled into from 100 to 400 or 500 shares — according to its size and the sanguine temper of its founders — and each share would represent from two to twenty lots. The avidity with which these shares were bought was something startling. The standard average price for city shares was §500 each, some favorites, of course, commanding more, others, perhaps, less. It was not merely the new comers who were so enthusiastic and so completely lost self-control in this city's movements, but the old set- tlers were equally affected and as easily carried along by the tide of speculation. Many who had valuable properties in the old and well established towns, such as Leavenworth, Wyandotte. Lawrence, Tope- ■^ 98 HISTORY OF KANSAS. ka and others, sold the same and with the proceeds bought certificates of shares in the new cities. In Shawnee County, alone, were the cities of Avoca, Canema, Essex. Daj'ton and Kansopolis, whose lots to-day are doubtless parts of cornfield or orchard, and whose sites the oldest inhabitants would try in vain to determine. Quindaro, Dela- ware, Sumner, Doniphan, Palermo and Elwood were six of the most prominent of these cities, and they were organized almost simultane- ously, and their early progress was most extraordinary. Large hotels and fine business blocks and valuable stocks of goods could be found at each, and the population of each increased with astonishing rapidity, especially when the sparseness with which the Territory was then set- tled is taken into consideration. Perhaps their great prosperity is not to be marveled at when we consider who were the founders or early champions of these cities. The most distinguished citizen of the Territory at that time, and afterward governor of the common- wealth, a man foremost in Kansas throughout nearly all its history, was among the leading spirits at Quindaro. A lieutenant-governor and many others of distinction championed the prosperity of Dela- ware. A gentleman of wide literary fame, who has since honored both his State and nation upon the floor of the United States Senate, was the special friend of Sumner. A great military chieftain of the Territorial days, and afterward a distinguished senator in Congress, was the leader in the enterprise at Doniphan. Gentlemen of almost equal prominence and ability were directing afFairs at .Palermo. But it was reserved for Elwood to be especially blessed with a list of names as its founders and friends, of which any city might be proud; one, afterward often honored by his friends with a seat in the State Legislature and other -civil offices; another, afterward a high literary authority and an accomplished State officer; another, afterward a dis tinguished general in the Union army, and subsequently holding high positions in the civil service at New Orleans; another, afterward the leading citizen of a neighboring State, a millionaire and a member of the United States Senate; and still another, greater than all, who af- terward held many civil offices, then was governor of the State, and more recently envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to a powerful but friendly empire. Yet, notwithstanding all this great array of talent and eminence, the fates seemed to be against these cities. Their boom continued only a year or two, and it would now be difficult to determine even the sites of some of them. Quindaro was located three miles above Wyandotte; Delaware about half way ^ g' • js ^ betweea Wyandotte and Leavenworth; Sumner four or five miles be- low Atchison; Doniphan as many miles above Atchison; El wood im- mediately opposite St. Joseph, Mo. ; and Palermo about midway be tween Elwood and Doniphan. Two great causes contributed to bring about the collapse of these cities. First, being located but a few miles apart, along the Missouri River, which already had upon its banks the prosperous cities of At- chison, Leavenworth and Wyandotte, they necessarily became rivals and greatly antagonized each other's interests; second, they were un- questionably far in advance of the times. The business of the Terri- tory, with its small population, could not sustain so many important places crowded into such close proximity. Viewed from the standpoint of to-day, and with all the disastrous results presented, it is a matter of supreme regret that the great talents employed and the large means expended in the attempt to plant so many antagonistic cities on the eastern border of the State were not combined to build one really great, magnificent city within the State limits, a city capable of evok- ing the largest State pride, at which the commercial and financial busi- ness of the State might be transacted, and whose wealth would aug- ment and aggrandize the wealth of all Kansas. Two other cities of the Territorial period claim the attention of the historian—Lecompton and Minneola. Both of these cities had the loftiest aspirations, each striving to be the greatest political center — the capital of Kansas. Nor were these aspirations by any means groundless, for Lecompton was chosen as the capital by the first Leg- islative Assembly, or what was known as the " Border Ruiflan Assem- bly," while Minneola was chosen as the capital by the Free-State Legislative Assembly, at its first regular session. Soon after the first of these locations, Congress made an appropriation of $50,000, with which to erect a capitol building at Lecompton, which sum was duly expended for that purpose. After Kansas became a State one of the first acts of Gov. Robinson was to sell that capitol building at public auctioa, and so little were capitol buildings in demand at that time, the net proceeds of the sale is stated to have been only $216. At Minneola a large building was erected for capitol purposes by private enterprise, and good hotels for the accommodation of members of As- sembly, Territorial ofticers, and others, but they were doomed never to be occupied for such purposes. The Legislative Assembly which located the capital at Minneola also provided for a constitutional convention to assemble at the same place. It met, but refused to entertain any fV D^ 100 HISTORY OF KANSAS. motion or transact any business other than to organize and adjourn to Leavenworth, where the constitution designated by that name was framed. The fortunes of both Lecompton and Minneola as capitals were plainly discerned from the beginning. The political revolution thus taking place sealed the fate of the former. Minneola was largely owned by the members of the Assembly which located the capital there. This savored too much of jobbery to be tolerated by the peo- ple. Besides, it was forestalling the judgment of the people upon a subject very near the popular heart, and the people became indignant. The intensity of the feeling aroused upon this subject is indicated by a circumstance which occurred in the council during the consideration of the bill locating the capital at Minneola. One of the members opposed to the location said: "I have to say to the friends of this measure that, appropriating the language of Mr. Webster, ' The light- ning has its power, the tempest has its power, the earthquake has its power, but there is something more powerful than the lightning and the tempest and the earthquake combined, and that is public opinion; ' and public oj)inion will brand this outrage as a swindle and its jserpe- trators as swindlers! You are flattering yourselves that you are locat- ing a capital. It is a mistake; it will prove to be simply a graveyard, in which every member who votes for this bill will be politically buried! " The prediction was almost literally fulfilled, for but few of those that voted for the "Minneola Swindle," as it was afterward called, were ever again entrusted by the people with public confidence or public places. This much for the cities of 1854 and the cities of 1857 — the cities that never materialized. The cities of the present are all known throughout the commonwealth, many of them throughout the Union, some of them throughout the world. Kansas City, Topeka, Wichita, Fort Scott, Leavenworth, Lawrence, Atchison, Ottawa, Arkansas City, Emporia, Winfield, Wellington, Newton, Manhattan, Junction City, Salina, Great Bend, Hutchinson, Dodge City, Garden City and numer- ous other municipalities would exhaust both the painter and the poet to portray them in their substantial glory. What the jewels are to the crown, what the stars are to the firmament, so are the cities of Kansas to its broad and splendid domain. These cities are the result of energy, forethought and well-directed enterprise. They represent what is manly and strong in the character of Kansans — what is in- vincible by the dragons in the way of progress. They show, more unmistakably than any other thing — so plainly that "he who runs may ^IV HISTORY OF KANSAS. 101 read" — the material prosperity of the sunflower seats. Among the cities of the State, large and small, not mentioned above, are Par- sons, Pittsburg, El Dorado, Clay Centre, Abilene, McPherson, Con- cordia, Osage City, Kingman, Olathe, Chanute, Independence, Ar- gentine, Horton, Minneapolis, Larned, Paola, Girard, Marysville, Beloit, Lyons, Holton, Oswego, Council Grove, Marion, Chetopa, Hia- watha, Cherryvale, Seneca, Ellsworth, Nickerson, Burlington, Weir City, Rosedale, Columbus, Harper, Coffeyville, Burlingame, Galena, Washington, Eureka, Anthony, Sterling, Caldwell, Garnett, Yates Cen- ter, Wamego, Greensburg, Florence, Norton, lola, Scranton, Fre- donia, Augusta, Baxter Springs, Humboldt, Peabody, Belleville, Her- ington, Stockton, Erie, Lindsborg, Clyde, Osage Mission, Osborne, Oberlin, Lincoln, Howard, Coldwater, Valley Falls, Phillipsburg, Downs, Kirwin, Baldwin City, Labetha, Pleasanton, Cawker City, Halstead, Neodesha, Mankato, Cherokee," Russell, La Cygne, Strong City, Kinsley, Elk City and Blue Rapids. In 1860 there were only ten towns and cities in Kansas having a population in excess of 500 each, only three having over 1,000 each, and only one having 5,000 inhabitants. In 1880 ninety-nine towns each had a population in excess of 500, fifty-iive towns and cities had each over 1,000, six had each over 5,000, and three had over 15,000 each. In 1885 each of 154 towns had over 500 population, ninety- one towns and cities had each over 1 ,000, twelve had each over 5, 000, six had each over 10,000, four had each over 15,000, and two had more than 20,000 each. March 1, 1889, there were in the State eight cities, containing a population of from 10,000 to 36,000 each, and twenty-eight cities, each containing a population of 2,500 or upward, and sixty-five cities, each containing a population of 1,000 or up- ward. The incorporated cities, as well as the villages and hamlets, throughout the State are growing rapidly, and during the past few years, they have nearly all gained steadily in population and commer- cial importance. In very few instances did the census enumeration of 1890 show a smaller population than was claimed by the residents of the different towns. There are 625 post-offices in the State. *^m^* vis — ^ ^i=7fv A -4- 102 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. CHAPTER YI. The Bench and Bar of Kansas— Under the Territorial Govern- ment—Under THE State Government— The .supkeme Court- District Courts— Composition of Districts— The Judiciary- Two Distinguished Chief Justices— High Standing of the Bar of the State. Pity is the virtue of the law, And none hut tyrants use it cruelly. ***** We must not make a scare-crow of the \a,w.—Shakspeare. ,/ :^^ XRESIDENT pierce, as early as June, 1854, made judicial appoiDtments for the Territory of Kansas. During the Territorial period, Samuel D. Lecompte, of Maryland, and John Pettit, of Indiana, held the position of chief justice of the Territorial courts: Saunders W. iji^^ Johnston, of Ohio, Eush Elmore, of Alabama, i\ JeiemiahM. Burrill, of Pennsylvania, Sterling G. Cato, of Alabama, Thomas Cunningham, of Pennsyl- vania, and Joseph Williams, of Iowa, were associate jus- tices. When Kansas became a State, the court consisted of Judges Pettit, Elmore and Williams. Israel B. Don- alson, of Illinois, was the first United States marshal; Andrevy Jackson Isacks, of Louisiana, was the first United 'ii States district attorney, and James Findlay, of Pennsyl- vania, was appointed clerk. February 26, 1855, Gov. Eeeder divided the Territory into three judicial districts; the first was assigned to Chief Justice Lecompte, the courts to be held at Leavenworth; the second to Judge Elmore, with courts at Tecumseh; the third to Judge Johnston, with courts at Pawnee. August 31, 1855, Charles H. Grover, H. A. Hutchinson and John T. Brady were commissioned as district attorneys, resjjeetively, for the ^i First, Second and Third Districts. In 1858 Alson C. Davis became United States district attorney; E. S. Dennis, Isaac Winston, Philip T. Colby and William P. Fain were United States marshals. Andrew J. Rudigue, E. Noel Eccleston, James R. Whitehead and Laomi Mc- Arthur, were among the last of the clerks of the Territorial courts. Marcus J. Parrott, Thomas B. Sykes and John Martin held the position of reporters of the court. The first attorneys admitted to practice in the Territorial court were Edmund Byerly, James Chris- tian. Marcus J. Parrott and Richard R. Rees. P. Sidney Post, of Wyandotte, and Richard Henry Weightman, of Atchison, were appointed United States commissioners under the pro- visions of the fugitive slave act of 1850. By an act of the Territorial Legislature, approved February 27, 1860, there were three judicial districts defined, with the times and places for holding therein the several courts. The division of the Territory into districts and the judges for the courts are presented in the following: The counties of Doniphan, Atchison, Jefferson, Leavenworth, Wyandotte and Arapahoe constituted the First District, to which Chief Justice John Pettit was assigned. Section 10 of said act reads as follows: " The whole of the Delaware Indian reservation is hereby attached to the First Judicial District for judicial purposes, as well as all the Indian Territory lying and being within the boundary of Arapahoe County." The county of Arapahoe was attached to the county of Leavenworth for judicial purposes, except that in the county of Arapahoe the process of subpojna issuing from Leavenworth County shall have no force or effect if served in said Arapahoe County. (This county embraced the Pike's Peak region, which becime the prominent portion of Colorado, with Denver as an objective point. ) Excepting nine counties in the eastern tiers, the remaining portion of the Territory was in the Second District, to which Rush Elmore, associate justice of the Supreme Court, was assigned. Provisions were made for holding courts at Burlington, Emporia, Council Grove, Junc- tion City, Marysville, Hiawatha, Holton, Topeka and Lawrence. The counties of Osage, Woodson, Wilson, Greenwood, Godfrey (now Elk and Chautauqua), Butler, Hunter (now Cowley), Chase, Marion, Sa- line. Dickinson, Clay, Washington, Riley, Wabaunsee, Pottawatomie and Nemaha were attached to their adjoining most contiguous counties for judicial purposes. The Pottawatomie, Kaw, Otoe, Chippewa and Ottawa, and Sac and Fox and Kickapoo Indian reservations were at- tached to this judicial district. *^ Ml u^ 104 HISTORY OF KANSAS. The counties of Johoson, Miami, Linn, Bourbon, Cherokee, Neosho, Allen, Anderson and Franklin constituted the Third District, and As- sociate Justice Joseph Williams was assigned to it. For judicial pur- poses Cherokee County was attached to Bourbon ; Dorn to Allen, and the New York Indian reservation was attached to this district for judicial purposes. In Section 9 of this act, it was provided ' ' Where a county is attached to another for judicial purposes, the jurisdiction of the county to which it is attached shall be as if it formed a part thereof, unless the county attached has its own organization and officers." When Kansas donned the robes of Statehood, its constitution or- dained, as now, that the judicial power should be vested in the Supreme Court, district courts, probate courts, justice's courts, and such other courts inferior to the Sujjreme Court as might be providedby law. The Supreme Court consisted then, as now, of one chief justice and two associate justices, whose term of office after the first was six years. At the election of the State officers, held December 6, 1859, under the Wyandotte Constitution, the Supreme judges chosen were as fol- lows: Thomas Ewing. Jr., chief justice, term sis years; Samuel A. Kingman, associate justice, four years; Lawrence D. Bailey, asso- ciate justice, two years. Under the Wyandotte Constitution, five judicial districts were formed, and at the first election under it, December 6, 1859, judges were chosen. Wyandotte, Leavenworth, Jefferson and Jackson Coun- ties constituted the First District, and William C. McDowell was elected judge. The counties of the Second Judicial District were Atchison, Doniphan, Brown, Nemaha, Marshall and Washington. The counties of Washington, Republic and Shirley (now Cloud) were attached to Marshall for judicial purposes. Albert J. Lee was the first judge. The counties of Shawnee, Wabaunsee, Pottawatomie, Riley, Davis, Dickinson and Clay constituted the Third District. Clay, Dickinson, Ottawa and Saline were attached to Davis fur judicial purposes. Jacob Safford was its first judge. Douglas. Johnson, Lykins (now Miami), Franklin, Anderson, Linn, Bourbon and Allen Counties made the original territory of the Fourth District. Solon O. Thacher was the first judge of the district. The original territory of the Fifth District was the counties of Osage, Breckenridge, Morris, Chase, Madison, Coffey, Woodson, Greenwood, Butler and Hunter, and the unorganized counties in the "southwest." E. O. Leonard was the first judge. By subsequent changes and by the creation of new districts, the s "V state now has thirty-live judicial districts, constituted, respectively, of the counties named: 1 — Leavenworth, Jefferson, Jackson; 2 — Atchi- son; 3 — Shawnee; 4 — Anderson, Franklin, Douglas; 5 — Lyon, Coffey; 6 — Linn, Bourbon and Crawford; 7 — Woodson, Allen, Neosho, Wil- son; 8 — Dickinson, Davis, Morris; 9 — Reno, Harvey; 10 — Johnson, Miami; 11 — Cherokee, Labette, Montgomery; 12 — Cloud, Republic, Washington; 13 — Elk, Chautauqua, Cowley; 14 — Lincoln, Russell, Ells- worth; 15 — Mitchell, Osborne, Jewell, Smith; 1(3 — Pawnee, Edwards, Hodgman, Garfield; 17 — Phillips, Norton, Rawlins, Decatur, Cheyenne; 18— Sedgwick; 19— Sumner; 20— Rice, Stafford, Barton; 21— Marshall, Riley, Clay; 22— Doniphan, Brown, Nemaha; 23 — Ellis, Trego, Gove, Logan, Wallace ; 24 — Harper, Barber; 25 — Chase, McPherson, Marion; 26 — Butler, Greenwood; 27 — Ford, Gray, Finney, Kearney, Hamilton; 28— Kingman, Pratt, Kiowa; 29— Wyandotte; 30— Ottawa, Saline; 31 — Comanche, Clark, Meade; 32 — Stevens, Seward, Morton, Has- kell, Grant, Stanton; 33— Rush, Ness, Lane, Scott, Wichita, Greeley; 34 — Rooks, Graham, Sheridan, Thomas, Sherman; 35 — Pottawatomie, Wabaunsee, Osage. The judges of the district court in the several judicial districts, in 1890, were the following: 1 — Hon. Robert Crozier, of Leavenworth; 2 — Hon. Robert M. Eaton, of Atchison; 3 — Hon. John Guthrie, of Topeka; 4— Hon. A. W. Benson, of Ottawa; 5 — Hon. Charles B. Graves, of Emporia; 6 — Hon. C. O. French, of Fort Scott; 7 — Hon. L. Still well, of Erie; 8 — Hon. M. B. Nicholson, of Council Grove; 9 — Hon. L. Houk, of Hutchinson; 10 — Hon. J. P. Hindman, of Olathe; 11— Hon. John N. Ritter, of Columbus; 12— Hon. F. W. Sturges, of Concordia; 13— Hon. M. G. Troup, of Wintield; 14— Hon. W. G. Eastland, of Russell; 15 — Hon. Cyrus Keren, of Os- borne; 16 — Hon. J. C. Strang, of Larned; 17 — Hon. G. W. Berkran, of Oberlin; 18— Hon. C. Reed, of Wichita; 19— Hon. J. T. Herrick, of Wellington; 20— Hon. Ansel R. Clark, of Sterling; 21— Hon. Robert B. Spilman, of Manhattan; 22— Hon. R. C. Bassett, of Seneca; 23— Hon. S. J. Osborn, of WaKeeney; 24— Hon. C. W. Ellis, of Medicine Lodge; 25— Hon. Frank Doster, of Marion; 26 — Hon. C. A. De Land, of El Dorado; 27— Hon. A. J. Abbott, of Garden City; 28— Hon. S. W. Leslie, of Kingman; 29— Hon. O. L. Miller, of Wyandotte; 80— Hon. R. F. Thompson, of Minneapolis; 31 — Hon. Francis C. Price, of Ashland; 32— Hon. Theodore Botkin, of Springfield; 33— Hon. V. H. Grinstead, of Dighton; 34 — Hon. Charles W. Smith, of Stockton; 35 — Hon. William Thomson, of Osage City. 106 HISTORY OF KANSAS. March 8, 1861, Archibald Williams, of Illiaois, was appointed United States district judge for Kansas. He died in September, 1863, and was succeeded by Mark W. Delahay. He resigned his position March 3, 1873. Cassius G. Foster was appointed March 10, 1873, and is still the incumbent. The clerk is Joseph C. Wilson. The United States district court is held at Topeka, Leavenworth and Wichita. At the latter point cases arising in the Indian Terri- tory are heard. The United States circuit court is held alternately in Leavenworth and Topeka. The judge is Hon. H. C. Caldwell; the clerk, George F. Sheritt. Hon. W. C. Perry, of Fort Scott, is United States district attor- ney; Hon. L. E. Walker, of Topeka, is United States marshal. Two courts of record, not specifically named in the constitution, have been created by legislative enactment since the admission of Kansas as a State, viz., the criminal court of Leavenworth County, and the superior court of Shawnee County. The criminal court of Leavenworth County, established March, 1802, had conferred upon it the same criminal jurisdiction that had been conferred upon the dis- trict court of that county. The probate judge of the county was ex-officio the judge of the court. This court was abolished March 18, 1875. During its existence the following persons were the judges: Hon. D. J. Brewer, Hon. Peter McFarland, Hon. Barzillai Gray and Hon. Byron Sherry. The superior court of Shawnee County was created by the Legislature, March 7, 1885, for two years; Gov. John A. Martin appointed Hon. W. C. Webb presiding judge. Of the persons who have served as the chief justices of the Su- preme Court it is safe to say, with full appreciation of the abilities of others, that Hon. Thomas Ewing, Jr., and Hon. Samuel A. Kingman are pre-eminent. The members of the judiciary of Kansas have been as learned, able, faithful, fearless and upright as the judges of any State in the Union. Several of them who have filled and some who are now filling judicial positions are known as men of brilliant abili- ties and superior legal attainments. The ermine of Kansas has not often been tainted or stained. If now and then a weak, vacillating or unworthy judge has been chosen, he has been speedily retired. The bar of Kansas ranks with that of any of her sister States. Its members have many of them achieved the greatest triumphs in the highest courts, and not a few of them have attained to high stand- ing in affairs of State and national interest. 9 "V ^1 HISTORY OF KANSAS. 107 CHAPTER YII. General Accoukt of Eeligious Denominations— The Pre-Terki- TORiAL Era— The Territorial Era- The War Era— The Ei:a OF Peace and Prosperity — Facts and Statistics of Growth- Characteristics OF THE Churches of Kansas. V. Ml True Christiaaity depends ou fact; Religion is not theory but act. — Waller Harle. ISSIONARY enterprises were vigorously prosecuted on this soil among tbe Indian tiibes by several denominations of Chris- tians in the pre Territorial era (prior to ISS-t). The Baptists established amis- sion among the Shawnees in 1831; the station was about four miles from the ^ouii River, in the present county of Wyandotte. The hi st pi lilting press ever on Kansas soil was brought by Mr. Jotham Meeker, in 1833, for a Baptist mis- sion located near the present city of Ottawa. The Catholics started a mission among the Osage Indians in 1827, near the present site of Osage Mission. The Methodist Episcopal Church began its work among -1^' tS' ^- ^^^ Delawares and Shawnees, on the south side of the jji^ Kansas River, and it organized the first church among * them in 1832, Rev. Thomas Johnson having established a school in 1829. The Presbyterians founded their first mission in Kan- sas, in 1835, among the Wea Indians, who lived near the site of Ottawa. In 1837 a mission was founded by them for the benefit of the lowas, near what is now Highland, Doniphan County. The Society of Friends started a school, and held meetings among the Shawnees in Johnson County, soon after the removal of the tribe to Kansas. Schools and churches were organized by the Moravians, and perhaps by other bodies of Christian people. epV 108 HISTORY OF KANSAS. The fierce political and border strifes, which made up the history of the Territorial era from 1854 to 1861, were unfavorable to the planting and nurture of churches; yet, during this period, foundations were laid by various denominations, in order to meet the needs of the people, and especially in anticipation of the prospective settlement of the Territory. The Baptists organized in June, 1855, and their first house of worship was built at Atchison. The first Catholic congrega- tion of white people was organized in Leavenworth, August 15, 1855. Their first building for the use of a white congregation was erected in the same place in the same year. The first church organized by the Congregationalists was at Lawrence, in October, 1854 — perhaps the first white man's church in the Territory. Their first church edifice was built at that place in 1857. The Protestant Episcopal Church began its work at Leavenworth in 1856, and its first church edifice was erected there in 1858. The first Evangelical Lutheran organiza- tion was effected at Leavenworth, October 25, 1855. The house of worship was built in the summer preceding the organization, and it was probably the first building in Kansas for church purposes, outside of Indian missions and Government forts. Rev. W. H. Goode, pre- siding elder of the Methodist Episcopal Church, preached in a log cabin at Hickory Point, on the Santa Fe road, July 9, 1854, Rev. A. Still, Rev. J. M. Chivington, and Mr. Meadenhall, a missionary of the Society of Friends, being present and participating in the services — proV^ably the first sermon to white settlers in the State. The first church building was erected in Lawrence in 1856, and the same year a small slab church was built in Leavenworth. The first church for whites was organized near Tecumseh by Rev. Mr. Goode. The first session of the Kansas and Nebraska conference was held in a tent in Lawrence, commencing October 23, 1856. The Presbyterians organ- ized their first church January 1, 1856, at Leavenworth. The United Presbyterians made their first organization at Berea, Franklin County, in 1857, and their first church was erected at that place in 1858. The Society of Friends held meetings on Fall Creek, near its mouth at Stranger Creek, in Leavenworth County, about February 15, 1856. They met in the cabins of settlers until the spring of 1857, when a log house was erected, which gave place to a good frame building in September, 1859. The German Methodists were organized in 1860, in Dickinson County, and the German Lutherans in 1861 at Leaven- worth. Before the admission of the State, several other demonina- tions had made beginnings in the way of organization. "71^ ^c 4^ HISTORY OF KANSAS. 109 The state of Kansas had beea a member of the Union but seventy- four days when the assault on Fort Sumter began. The war that fol- lowed almost wholly engrossed the interest and the energies of the people. For four years a very large portion of the able-bodied men of the State were in the Union service. Probably the effect of war upon general church work is fairly represented by the following re- poi't. made by the Methodist Church for the years indicated: Number of ministers in 1860, eighty-five; in 1861, seventy-four; in 1862, seventy two; in 1863, sixty-eight. Number of churches in 1860, seventeen; in 1861, forty-three; in 1862, thirty; in 1863, thirty-three. The Territorial era and the war era, embracing a period of eleven years, brought to the church builders of Kansas, in common with other citizens, trials and sacrifices as heavy as any that have ever fal- len on any people on this continent since the days of Jamestown and Plymouth, and the trials and sacrifices were met by all — women as well as men — with a spirit of patience and heroism surpassed by nothing in the annals of the world. The current of immigration that began to flow into Kansas after the close of the war contained from the first a very large per cent of persons who had been members of churches, and also of those who, though not communicants, were decidedly favorable to the establish- ment of churches. The natural result was speedily realized. Churches and Sunday-schools sjarang rapidly into existence. The good work was prosecuted not only in the larger towns and villages, l)ut throughout the country districts and in sparsely settled regions. Wherever the hardy pioneer built his claim shanty or sod house, there the congregation was gathered and services were held. Of course the denominations that were early on the ground sought vigorously to reap the benefits of their priority, and those who came later were not wanting in energy and zeal. Since the war, most of the religious sects known elsewhere in the countr}' have been at work in the State, each according to its chosen and accustomed methods. Their work has been successful in the highest degree. Even if full and complete figures representing results were accessible, they would very inade- quately show the best products of Christian effort, since, of necessity, these can neither be counted nor estimated. An important feature in the work has been the active interest taken in it by considerable bodies of intelligent foreign- born citizens, notably Germans, Swedes, Nor- wegians, French and Welsh. There were in Kansas in 1888, 2.994 church organizations, having an aggregate membership of 280,458, "^i ^ ■^ 110 HISTORY OF KANSAS. and 1,755 houses of worship. The aggregate value of church prop- erty was $5,387,497. The census of 1890 shows a gratifying increase in the above statistics. The roll of churches in the State contains the following denominational names, and perhaps others should be added: Adventist, African Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Catholic, Congregational, Christian, Protestant Episcopal, Free Methodist, So- ciety of Friends, German Lutheran, German Methodist Episcopal, Evangelical Lutheran, Hebrew, Methodist Episcopal, New Jerusalem, Presbyterian, United Presbyterian, Swedish Baptist, Cumberland Presbyterian, Swedish Lutheran, Unitarian, United Brethren, Univer- salist, Wesleyan Methodist. Many congregations made up of colored people are included in the reports presented by the denominations to which they are respectivelj' attached. The churches of Kansas are characterized by a spirit of liberal propagandism. Denominational bigotry is at a minimum. The high- est degree of fraternity characterizes the various denominations and their ministers in their intercourse with each other. The great body of Christians believe in freedom of belief and of unbelief, in freedom of discussion, in freedom of worship and in the sf)iritual responsibil- ity of each man to his God alone ; their motto is, ' ' In things essen- tial, unity; in things doubtful, liberty; in all things, charity. ^^ J,_ HISTORY OF KANSAS. Ill CHAPTER YIII. Historical Sketch of State EducationaL Institutions and affairs —Value OF Public Education— Pioneer Schools-Tiie Schools UNDER the Territorial Okganization— Territorial Superin- tendents OF Public Instruction— The Schools in 1860— The Public School System of To-day— Successive State Superin- tendents OF Public Instruction— State Jjormal Schools— The State Aguicultukal College— University of the State of Kansas— How the Common Schools Are Maintained-Statistics —Denominational Educational Institutions. Schoolmasters will I keep within my house Fit to instruct her youth. To cunning men I will be very kind: and liberal To mine own children, in good bringing up.Shakspeare. /HERE the largest provisions have been made for ^\ elementary schools and higher institations iV of learning, civilization has reached its ^ highest standard. The nineteenth century fjo witnesses the highest civilization the world has ever known. In Kansas, civilization has I, ' made as splendid achievements as in any State Union. No more striking argument can be found in favor of popular education by the State than the one based upon a comparison of the cost of police force (standing armies), and the maintenance of public schools. Servia, with a population little larger than that of Kansas, pays for her standing army, 82,072,890 per annum. Greece, with less than 2,000,000 people, pays for her soldiers $3,312,140. Norway pays $1,628,440, and Bolivia, $2, 148,000. The popu- lation of the countries cited, exceed but very little the popula- tion of Kansas which pays nothing directly and very little indirectly for the support of an armv, but has paid more than $5,000,000 in a year for k. r^ J^'" — ^ -" — "t^^ the education of its children. Intelligence always governs ignorance and can and does govern itself. The schools of Kansas are part of her very strneture. They began with her life, and have grown with her growth, and have been woven into all her history. The planting of schools was not an incident nor an afterthought, but a part of the original purpose of her first settlers. Schools sprang up almost be- fore there were children to attend them, Lawrence was settled in September, 1854, and in less than four months — January 2, 1855 — a school was opened by Mr. E. J. Fitch, of Massachusetts, March 7, 1857, the "Quincy High School" was established. Topeka was set- tled late in November, 1854, and early the next summer a school was opened by Miss Sarah Harland, and the " Topeka Academy " was es- tablished January 2, 1856. What happened in these two places was repeated in one form or another in every town and hamlet in the Ter- ritory. These were all voluntary movements, as there were yet no provisions of law to aid in the matter; but they sprang from the same popular convictions which afterward created the public school system, and were prophetic of what was coming. Kansas Territory having been organized May 30, 1854, its first Territorial Legislature passed the school law August 30, 1855, and from that date the history of the public school system of Kansas properly began. The law of February 12, 1858, provided that the governor should appoint during that session of the Legislative Assem- bly, by and with the advice of the council, a Territorial superintendent, whose term of ofQce should commence March 1, 1858. This was amended by the law of 1859, which made the superintendent elective annually. The following named gentlemen served as superintendents : James H. Noteware served from March 5 to December 2, 1858; Sam- uel W. Greer from December 2, 1858, to January 7, 1861 ; John C. Douglas from January 7, 1861, until April 10, 1861, Kansas then having completed the organization of her State government. Superintendent Greer presented a report to the Legislature Jan- uary 4, 1860, which embraced returns from sixteen counties and 222 school districts. The county of Douglas led, having thirty -six organ- ized school districts, Osage ten. There were 7,029 persons of school age ranging between the years of five and twenty-one. The amount of money raised to build school-houses was $7,045.23; amount of money raised by private subscriptions, $6,883.50; amount of piiblic money for schools, $6,283.50. The laws of 1858 provided for the appointment of a county super- ;f^ iutendent by the tribunal transacting county business, and the same law provided for an election of a county superintendent, to be elected at the same time, place and manner that county officers are chosen, the term to commence on October 1, and continue one year. The duties of Territorial superintendents and county superintendents were de- fined under the Territorial laws. Township trustees, during the latter period of the Territorial regime, performed sundry duties that before had come within the domain of the superintendent's office. The board of county commissioners, by the law of 1855, formed the dis- tricts in accordance with petitions pi'esented, that were signed by a majority of the voters residing within the limits of any contemplated district. By the law of 1858 this duty was relegated to the county superintendent. The law of 1859 provided that "each organized township in the county shall be an original school district, until the same shall be divided into separate districts by the county superin- tendent." By the school law of 1855 the affairs of each district were managed by three trustees and one inspector. Under the law of 1858 the board consisted of a director, clerk and treasurer. The Wyandotte constitution, under which the State was admitted, provides that the Legislature shall establish " a uniform system of common schools, and schools of higher grade, embracing normal, pre- paratory, collegiate and university departments." In accordance with this constitutional provision the Legislature has, at different times, passed laws looking to the development of a complete system of schools, and these laws have been carried out by the school officials elected under them. These laws provide for a State superintendent of public instruction, who shall supervise the schools of the State, and for county superintendents, who shall supervise the schools of the counties. The following have been incumbents of the office of State superintendent since the State was organized: William R. Griffith, from April 10 to February 12, 1862; S. M. Thorp, from March, 1862, to January, 1863; Isaac T. Goodnow, from January, 1863, to Jan- uary, 1807; Peter Mc Vicar, from January, 1867, to January, 1871; H. D. McCarty, from January, 1871, to January, 1875; John Fraser, from January, 1875, to January, 1877; Allen B. Lemmon, from Jan- uary, 1877, to January, 1881; Henry C. Speer, from January, 1881, to January, 1885. The State has been divided into school districts small enough to make a school accessible to all the children. Every district is encour- aged to sustain a school at least three months in the year, and every ^1 k. ll-t HISTOBY OF KANSAS. parent is required, by a law passed in 1874, to send his children to school at least twelve weeks in each year during the school age, under a penalty for disobeying its injunctions. Cities and the larger towns are authorized to establish graded schools, including primary, gram- mar and high-school departments. Every child may secure, not only the rudiments of learning, but a good English and business education, and also prepare for further education in higher institutions of learning. Beyond the common schools there have been established schools of a higher grade and for special study. At Emporia is the State Nor- mal School (opened in 1864), for training teachers. It was founded by a grant of nearly 40,000 acres of land, which is being sold to es- tablish a fund for its support. It has a small endowment, but is doing a grand and growing work, and it is to be hoped that the Legislature will hereafter supplement its endowment by appropriations equal to its opportunity. It employs about a dozen professors, and has an at- tendance of about 600 students. The Leavenworth Normal School was opened in 1870, and closed in 1876. Tbe Concordia Normal School existed from 1874 - ment— Agricitltural Progress— Manufacturing Enterprise- Statistics and Prospects— Character of Population— Succes- sive Aggregates. All happy pe.ice and goodly goveniraetit Is settled there in sure establishment.— >'\pe««er. LiVVERY ruled the country thirty-six years ago, but Kansas, from this standpoint, has been the Athene of the American States. Fearing that the birth of new States in the West would rob it of A/li^i^^'^^lt^WK. "supremacy, the slave power swallowed the Mis- '^^^3'^^3KIM>* souri Compromise, which had dedicated the North- west to Freedom. The industrious North, aroused and indignant, struck quick and hard, and Kansas, full aimed, shouting the war-cry of Liberty, and neived with invincible courage, sprang into the Union. She at once assumed a high place among the States. She was the deadly enemy of slavery. The war over, she became the patron, as she had been during its continuance the exemplar, of heroism, and a hundred thousand soldiers of the Union found homes within the shelter of her embracing arms. The agriculturist and the mechanic were charmed by her ample resources and in- spired by her eager enterprise. Education found in her a generous patron, and to literature, art and science she has been a steadfast friend. Her pure atmosphere invigorated all. A desert disfigured the map of the continent, and she covered it with fields of golden wheat and tasseling coi-n. She has made the home of the poor man safe. She has ex- tended to women the protection of generous laws and of enlarged op- ^ 9 \ HISTORY OF KANSAS. 117 portunities for usefulness. In war she was valiant and indomitable, and in peace she has been intelligent, energetic, progressive and enter- prising. In 1864 Kansas had not a mile of completed railroad. In 1870 it had 1,283 miles; in 1875, more than 1,887; in 1S80, an aggregate of more than 3, 104 miles. Up to November 1, 1886, there had been built, of main line and branches, excluding side-tracks, 5,323 miles. There were added by new construction 3,476 miles, making the total mileage completed up to January 1, 1889 (since when there are no obtainable statistics), 8,799 miles. The following is a statement of the different companies operating railroads in Kansas, and the number of miles operated by each within the State: Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company, 2,586.84; Burlington & Missouri River, in Nebraska, 259.15; Chicago, Kansas & Nebraska, 1,055.70; Dodge City, Montezuma & Trinidad, 51; Kansas City, Fort Scott & Mem- phis, 256.90; Kansas City, Clinton & Springfield, 23.10; Kansas City, Wyandotte & Northwestern, 157; Kansas City & Pacific, 125; Missouri Pacific, 2,179; Missouri, Kansas & Texas, 254; St. Joseph & Grand Island, 138; .St. Louis & San Francisco, 437.84; Union Pacific, 1,151.23; Wichita & Western, 124.40. There is one mile of railroad to each nine and one-third square miles of territory in the State; five and one-half miles to each 1,000 population — doubtless a larger ratio of railroad mileage to population than exists anywhere else, in any country. Kansas is an agricultural State. It has not gold or silver, but it has coal enough for fuel. It is the farmer's and stockman's State. Its development simply shows what good old "mother earth," when in her happiest vein, can do. Agriculture is the most certain source of strength, wealth and independence. Commerce, in all emergen- cies, looks to agriculture, both for defense and for supply. The growth and prosperity of Kansas offer a striking illustration of what intelligent farmers, with a productive soil and a genial climate for their workshop, can accomplish, what wealth they can create, what enterprise they can stimulate. The following figures show the value of farm products in the State, for 1887 and 1888, combined, ranked in the order of importance as indicated by the value of each: Corn, $79,232,372; animals, slaughtered and sold for slaughter, 160,426.55; oats, $24,703,152; wheat, $17,857,264; prairie hay, $17,697,141; value of increase in live stock, $17,059,661; Irish potatoes, $12, 118.- 36; butter, 18,782,248; millet and hungarian, $8,732,418; sorghum, V^ :A 118 HISTORY OF KANSAS. $4,900,744; tame hay. $4,787,646; poultry and eggs sold, $3,563,180; broom com, $2,430,834; flax, $2,396,830; rye, $2,170,867; garden products marketed, $1,968,180; horticultural products marketed, $1,418,258; sweet potatoes, $1,090,623; milk sold, 11,050,988; wool, $885,424; castor beans, $487,441; wood marketed, $470,736; wine, $299,577; barley, $206,141; cheese, $112,780; buckwheat, $87,874; cotton, $84,380; honey and beeswax, $836.37; tobacco, $77,940; hemp, $19,810. Kansas is not distinctively a manufacturing State. Its prosperity is based upon the plow. It has, however, coal deposits equal to the needs of its population; valuable lead mines, and salt and gypsum in abundance. But the manufacturing establisments of the State are steadily increasing in importance as well as in number. In 1860 it had 344 establishments with a capital of $1,084,935, employing 1,735 hands, and turning out products valued at $4,357,408. In 1890 there were reported to the State Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics 627 establishments, with a capital of $29,367,080, employing 14,477 hands, and turning out products valued at $51,442,801. There are in the State about 150 fiouring-mills, with a capital employed of $7,000,- 000. The immense smelting works of Kansas are claimed to be the largest in the world. It is said that the annual product of the one gold and silver smelter is $18,000,000. It produces one-fifth of all the silver and one fifth of all the lead smelted in the United States. Five hundred men are employed and the wages paid them average higher than those paid by any other manufacturing institution in the United States. Beef and pork packing-houses, on an extensive scale, and requiring large capital for their operation, are carried on at sev- eral points in the State. It is the opinion of practical men who have given the matter careful study, that there are many lines of manufact- ures that may be profitably conducted in Kansas, and that sound policy requires not only diversified agriculture — the growth of a large variety of crops — but for the same reasons diversified industry — the turning of laljor and capital into a great variety of channels. A mighty agri- cultural State promotes the wealth and independence of its citizens by the judicious establishment of manufactures. It is certain that the manufacturing interest will make a larger figure in Kansas history in the future than it has done in the past. An industry now being de- veloped is the production of sorghum sugar. Although in the experi- mental stage, it is developed far enough to demonstrate that sugar can be manufactured from sorghum at a profit; and, further, that Kansas is the best adapted for the production of sorghum cane for the manu- facture of sugar of any Stale in the Union, and will, in a few years, be a great sugar-producing State. Society in Kansas is much like that to be found elsewhere. There are good, "medium and bad people, such as will be found on any other portion of the globe. As a whole the people have less distinctive local characteristics than usually are seen in other States. The people are a mixture of all countries and all States, the New England element predominating. The generation born in the State reminds one much of the men who settled New England. The young Kansan is a repro- duction of the stern, silent, unflinching Puritan, who landed at Plym- outh Rock two and a half centuries ago, thoroughly westernized; the most American of the types of men our country has produced. The population in 1860 was 105,000; 1865, 137,000; 1870,360,000; 1875, 509,000; 1880, 996,000; 1885, 1,147,000. In 1890 it surpassed the most sanguine expectations of the most enthusiastic well-wisher in the State. 1 w 1 ^i^ ^1 ._l^ 120 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. CHAPTER X. Distinguished Men of Kansas Past and Present— Short Biograph- ical Sketches of Celebrities Whose Names Have Come to be Household Words— Gov. Lyman U. Humphrey— Senator John J. Ingalls— The First Territorial Governor— The First State Governor— The Famous "Jim" Lane— Gov. Crawford— United States District Attorney Hallowell— Kansas' First Demo- cratic Executive — Senator Preston B. Plumb— "Ottawa" Jones — Chief Justice Horton — A Well-Remembered State Printer— The First Chief Ju.stice— The Champion OF THE "Home- stead Law"— Prof. Mudge— Col. Anthony— Judge Brewer— Gov. Meuj.vry. YMAN U. HUMPHREY present goyernor of Kansas, elected in 1888, was born in Stark County, Ohio, July 25, 1844, and served as lieutenant-governor before attaining to his present eminence. He left school at the age of seventeen to enlist in Company 1, Seventy- sixth Ohio Volunteers. His war record is a one, and he was promoted to first lieutenant, and for a time served as adjutant of his regiment. On retiring from the army, he entered Mount Union Col- lege, but shortly afterward became a student in the law department of the University of Michigan. In 1868 he was admitted to practice law in the several courts of Ohio, but soon afterward emigrated to Shelby County, Mo., where for a time he helped to edit the Shelby County Herald, a Republican paper. On arriving in Kansas, he opened a law office in Independence, and was one of the founders of the Independence Tribune. In 1871 he was nominated as the Republican candidate for the House of Representatives from Montgomery County, but was defeated. In 1876 he was again nomi- nated, in a district that had hitherto sent Democratic members, and t, Vy ' HISTORY OF KANSAS. 121 elected. In 1877 he was nominated by the State Republican Central Committee, to fill a vacancy in the office of lieutenant-governor, with- out his knowledge, and in 1878 was re- nominated by the Republican State Convention for the succeeding full term, and elected by a ma- jority of over 40,000 over his Democratic opponent. His subsequent political career is well known. He was married at Independence, Kas., December 25, 1872, to Miss Amanda Leonard. Gov. Humphrey has contributed much toward the building of churches, and has been the friend of all religious enterprises. He is an effective public speaker, and an able editor. In person he is of commanding appearance and fine address. He has given much attention to literary subjects, is a great reader, and has a large library of standard works. United States Senator John J. Ingalls was born at Middleton, Mass., December 29, 1833; graduated from Williams College in the class of 1855; was admitted to the bar in 1857; removed to Kansas in October, 1858; was a member of the Wyandotte Constitutional Conven- tion in 1859; was secretary of the Territorial Council in 1860, and of the State Senate in 1861; was a member of the State Senate of Kansas from Atchison County in 1862; editor of the Atchison Champion in 1863, 1864 and 1865; was defeated as anti-Lane candidate for lieu- tenant-governor in 1862, and again in 1864; was elected to the United States Senate, as a Republican, to succeed S. C. Pomeroy, and took his seat March 4, 1873, and was re-elected in 1879 and 1885. His term of service will expire March 3, 1891. Senator Ingalls was the son of Elias Theodore and Eliza (Chase) Ingalls, and on his father's side was descended from Edmund Ingalls, a Puritan, who emigrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1628, and, with his brother, Francis, founded the city of Lynn, Mass. , in 1629. Mr. Ingalls was married, Sep- tember 27, 1865, at Atchison, Kas., to Miss Anna Louise Chesebrough, daughter of a prominent merchant. He is a Free Mason. During the war he was judge advocate and aid to Gen. George Deitzler of the Kansas Volunteers. He participated in the battles of Westport, Lex- ington and Independence, during the Price raid in 1864. He has always been radical, was an Abolitionist and " John Brown Repub- lican " in 1859, and cast his first vote for Fremont in 1856. Senator Ingalls takes high rank among the ablest of American statesmen — a man eminent for his literary attainments and distinguished as an orator. Andrew H. Reeder, first governor of the Territory of Kansas, was born at Easton, Penn., July 12, 1807 He received an academical edu- L I ^ ® r- -^ g \ 4^ " ^ - •"' ^ 14^ 122 HISTORY OF KANSAS. cation at Lawrenceville, N. J., studied law and entered upon the prac- tice of his profession at Easton, where he rose to local eminence. He was married in 1831 to Amelia Hutter, of Easton, who died August 16, 1878. Only those who remember the excitement following the passage of the "Kansas and Nebraska Act," will be able to ap- preciate the responsibility attaching to Mr. Reeder' s appointment as Territorial governor. The story of his stormy administration is told in every history of the State. Those were days that tried other souls than his. Time has vindicated him, and his memory is honored. His escape from Kansas has furnished a theme for many a writer, and its dangers, adventures and excitements have been narrated from every conceivable point of view. After countless perils, he reached Illinois, May 27, 1850. His arrival in the free State occasioned the wildest excitement and enthusiasm. As he journeyed toward the East, at every principal town he was detained, and great crowds of people assembled to see him, to welcome him and to promise him protection from any attempt to return him to the Territory. The courage and skill with which Gov. Reeder had first withstood and then es- caped from the mobs of his enemies, caused him to be the hero of the hour in the North. At the close of the Fremont campaign, into which he entered heartily, he returned to the practice of his profes- sion at Easton. In 1860 he was a prominent candidate before the Republican convention for the vice-presidency. At the outbreak of the Rebellion, he was appointed brigadier-general by President Lin- coln. Not having been bred a soldier, he declined the appointment, publicly expressing the opinion that at his time of life, no man had a right to learn a new trade or profession, at the possible expense of the lives of other men. He promptly offered his services to the Gov- ernment, however, in any other capacity in which they could be made available, and was employed in various important services, not strictly military, during the war. His death occurred, after a short illness, at Easton, July 5, 1864. His memory should be revered by every citizen of Kansas as that of an honest and fearless magistrate, who gave to every duty his best intelligence and effort, and who, in trying times, was willing to risk life, if need be, rather than permit the per- petration of a wrong to the infant Territory over which he had charge. Charles Robinson, the first governor of the State of Kansas, was born at Hardwick, Worcester County, Mass., July 21, 1818. He be- came a physician, and at one time had for a partner Dr. J. G. Hol- land ("Timothy Titcomb"). In 1819, soon after the gold discoveries ■' A >>. HISTORY OF KANSAS. 123 iu California, he set out for the uewly-discovereJ El Dorado, being surgeon of one of the early pioneer parties of California emigrants. On his arrival in California, after a short time spent in prospecting and mining, he settled, as near as the times and the surroundings would permit, at Sacramento, and there opened an eating-house. Trouble soon broke out between the squatters and a set of later spec- ulative comers who coveted their claims. The former held their claims under the United States pre-emption laws theu in force, and elsewhere in the country universally observed; the speculators claimed title to the entire site of the embryo city by virtue of purchase from Capt. Sutter, who held a Mexican- Spanish title to 99,000 square miles of California land, the boundaries or location of which had never been surveyed or defined. The contest for possession, after vain endeavors on the part of the squatters to await the decision of the courts, cul- minated in an open war for possession on the one side and ejectment on the other. Dr. Robinson became the adviser and acknowledged leader of the squatters in their contest for their rights. The "squat- ter riots," as they were termed, resulted in several serious encounters, in which many were wounded and a few lost their lives. The most serious conflict resulted in the death of the mayor of Sacramento, on the one side, and the dangerous wounding of Robinson, on t'he other. Robinson, while still suffering from his wounds, was indicted for mur- der, assault with intent to kill, and conspiracy, and held a prisoner, pend- ing his trial, for ten weeks aboard a prison-ship. He was tried before the district court at Sacramento, and acquitted. During his imprison- ment he was nominated and elected to the California Legislature from the Sacramento district. He took a leading part iu the legislative pro- ceedings of the succeeding session, and was one of the prominent sup- porters of John C. Fremont, who was elected as United States senator during the session. On his return to Sacramento, he published a daily Free-soil paper a short time. July 1, 1851, he left California and set sail for " the States. " He reached his home in Fitchburg late in the fall of 1851, and there resumed the practice of medicine, which he continued until 185-t with great success. About the time of the organization of the Emigrant Aid Society, he published a series of letters concerning the Kansas country through which he had passed in 1819, which awak- ened a widespread interest in the unknown land, and drew the atten- tion of the managers of the organization to the writer as an indispen- sable agent for the practical execution of the proposed work of select- ing homes for Free-State emigrants, and otherwise carrying out the ^^ - 1^ ^■Vj«s .^ ^ 124 HISTORY OF KANSAS. opeoly-avowed object of the society to make Kansas a free State under the conditions which the Kmisas-Nebraska bill had prescribed. He thus became one of the first heralds of free- State emigration to Kan- sas, and designated to the society as the best objective point for a Free- State settlement in the Territory the land that lay along the bottoms of the Kansas River, near Lawrence. There the first party pitched their tents, and there Robinson made his own home September 6, 1854, at which time he with his family arrived; he being, with S. C. Pomeroy, the conductor of the second party of New England emigrants — it being the first made up of families who came for bona fide settlement. He chose his home on Mount Oread. He was the first governor chosen under the Topeka Constitution, and the first commander-in-chief of the Free-State militia. He held the organization with a skill and wisdom peculiarly his own, as a final place of refuge for the Free-State men of Kansas, until, with growing strength, they could transform it into a valid form of government under the forms of law. The Wyandotte Constitution, under the forced recognition of Congress, having been adopted, he was, under its provisions, chosen the first governor of the free State of Kansas, and, in that position, organized under the laws the military forces upon a war basis for the final struggle, in which Kansas troops won fresh laurels and imperishable renown. For the cause of freedom in Kansas he sufPered imprisonment, destruction of property, defamation of character, and all the minor annoyances which hatred of merit, political ambition, or internecine party strife could engender. The date and place of the birth of Gen. James H. Lane are to-daj- in doubt. Holloway's History of Kansas disposes of the question of his birth and parentage as follows: "Gen. James H Lane was born June 22, 1814, on the banks of the Ohio, in Boone County, Ky. His father, Amos Lane, cousin of Joseph Lane, of Oregon, was an emi- nent lawyer and a member of Congress. James' mother, who was a woman of superior intellectual and moral qualifications, superintended his early education. Always restive and unable to confine himself to books, he attained but the rudiments of school learning, even under the excellent tutorship of his mother." For a short time in his early manhood he engaged in mercantile pursuits, and did a small business in pork-packing in Lawrenceburg, Ind. In 1843 he began the study of law, and after a short course, was admitted to practice. In 1846, on the breaking-out of the M3xican War, he volunteered as a private and raised a company of men, of which he was elected captain. The n.|v ■— ^ — ■ 1*— < HISTORY OF KANSAS. 125 company was assigued to tlie Third Regiment Indiana Volunteers, of which he was made colonel. His regiment, under his leadership, did honorable and distinguished service throughout the campaign of Gen. Taylor. At the expiration of its term of service, one year, he returned with his regiment, and was authorized to re-organize it for further service in the field, which he did, and it was mustered again into the service as th9 Fifth Regiment Indiana Volunteers. The speedy close of the war prevented it from winning further laurels in the field, after its re-organization. Soon after the close of the war and his return home, he was elected lieutenant-governor (1849), and before his term of office had expired (1852), he was elected as a member of Congress from the Fourth Congressional District of Indiana. He was also chosen one of the electors at large for Franklin Pierce as President, during the same year. During the exciting debates which preceded the passage of the Nebraska Bill, and which developed the highest forensic and argumentative ability. Col. Lane did not rise above medioc- rity, although an ardent advocate of the bill, which he supported by his votes through all its stages to its final passage. The passage of the bill rendered the re-election of most Northern Democrats, who had voted for it, extremely doubtful. Under the circumstances, Lane did not choose to hazard defeat at the hands of his late constituents, but determined at once to pat in an early appearance in Kansas, there be- come one of the organizers of his party, and its leader in the future State. He arrived in April, 1855, and settled on a claim adjoining Lawrence, which continued to be his home up to the time of his death. His claim cost the life of Gaius Jenkins, who contested it, and whom Lane shot dead June 3, 1858, while he was violently attempting to enforce his right, in common, to a well on the disputed claim. Lane was acquitted before a justice of the peace, and as no indictment was found against him, his case never came to trial in a court of record. For some three months after his arrival in the Territory, with con- summate tact, he felt his way, taking no positive ground beyond the point of safe retreat. During the months of June and July, 1855, the preliminary conventions, which foreshadowed the organization of the Free-State party, were held in Lawrence. Lane took no part in them, but decided that the time had arrived for the organization of the Democratic party, in order to counteract the force of the growing movement, which, if not checked, might draw to it a multitude of Free-State Democrats, whom it was essential to retain in the National fold. With this end in view, a meeting was held in Lawrence on t -^ 126 HISTORY OF KANSAS. July 27, over which Col. Lane presided, and at which resolutions were passed, favoring the immediate organization of the Democratic party on " truly National ground, and pledging the participants in the meeting to use all honorable exertions to secure such result " The proceedings received no countenance from the great majority of Kan- sas Democrats, and the Democratic press, most intensely pro-slavery, decried the movement. Lane at once saw the futility of further efforts in that direction. With wonderful discrimination, tact and cunning, he decided to cast his lot with the Free-State movement, and win there the distinction he coveted. All paths to the Senate seemed alike to him until his choice was made; once made, he consistently and faithfully defended the newly espoused cause through evil and good repute, only vacillating temporarily to catch the ever-varying tide of popular favor. He became the acknowledged leader of the most radical Free- State men, often rousing them, by his rough elo- quence, to such a furor of excitement as to lead to most serious appre- hension, that through over zeal, without discretion, the cause would fail. He was chosen president of the Free State Territorial Commit- tee before the formation of the Topeka State government, and, under it, when formed, he was elected United States Senator. All through the years that followed, he was the recognized leader of the aggressive fighting Free State men, who, under his inspiration and the prestige of his name, more than his deeds, met the border ruffians in their chosen mode of aggressive warfare of words and deeds, giving abuse for abuse, threat for threat, robbery for robbery, murder for murder, and accepting the open wage of battle whenever offered. The State being, after the long struggle, admitted as a free State, James H. Lane was elected a member of the United States Senate by the first State Legislature, in 186L The Rebellion having broken out, he or- ganized a brigade and commanded it for several months as a brigadier- general, before he held such a commission. He was subsequently appointed to that rank. His somewhat irregular, but quite charac- teristic, method of raising troops on his own responsibility, and regard- less of the prescribed modes and methods of the State government, led to serious disagreement, and an open rupture between him and Gov. Carney, which resulted in much ill feeling; the Governor refus- ing to appoint such officers to command as Lane and his troops de- sired. In 1863 he received from the United States Government an independent recruiting commission, as recruiting commissioner for the Department of Kansas, and, under its authority, raised five regi- r ^^-^ -^ ments of infantry, one of which was of blacks, and was claimed to be the first colored regiment put in the field. In 1804-0t3 he was re- elected to the United States Senate, and on taking his seat, took sides with President Johnson in the open rupture which occurred between him and the Republicans on the Freedman's Bureau and Civil Rights Bill. He thought he saw the popular tide drifting that way, and with his accustomed alacrity, he anticipated what he believed would prove the popular sentiment of the people. For once he was deceived. He visited his home in Kansas early in June, 1866. He was met coldly by nearly all his old friends and followers, who had, up to this time, given him an unquestioning and unqualified support, stopping a little short of homage. He saw the scepter of his power irrep- arably broken. He was no longer the autocrat of political affairs in Kansas. He could not brook the change, and without delay, set out on his return to Washington. He was debilitated in physical health, and in the depths of despondency. His mental condition rapidly grew worse, and, on his arrival at St. Louis, it was deemed imprudent to continue the journey farther, as his delirium was such as presaged the worst form of insanity. Juno 29 he returned, and stopped with his brother-in-law, Capt. McCall, at the Government farm, near Leavenworth. July 1 he committed suicide. The cause of his rash act is attributable, doubtless, in a great measure, to his intense disappointment, humiliation and grief, consequent on the desertion of his friends. He was buried at Lawrence. Col. Lane was married to Miss Baldridge, in Lawrenceburg, Ind.. in 1843. They had three children — a son (Lieut. James H. Lane, of the United States army) and two daughters. Samuel J. Crawford, third governor of the State of Kansas, was born in Lawrence County, Ind., April 15, 1835. His early life was spent on a farm, and his early education acquired in the district schools of the neighborhood. By apjslication and unwearied indus- try, young Crawford had studied law sufficiently to gain an admission to the Indiana bar at the age of twenty-one years. Continuing his studies, he entered the law school of Cincinnati College in 1858, and directly after graduating from that institution, came to Kansas, and commenced practice at Garnett City, Anderson County. Mr. Craw- ford was elected a member of the first Kansas State Legislature, which convened at Topeka, March, 1861, but resigned his seat in May, and returned to Garnett to organize a company of volunteers for the pend- ing war. He was chosen captain of the company, and a few days ^ ^ . r later assigned to the Second Kansas Volunteer Infantry, Col. Robert B. Mitchell. In July, the Second went into active service in Missouri, participated in the campaign under Gen. Lyon, and won enviable dis- tinction in the hard fought battle of Wilson's Creek, August 10, 1861. The Second was mustered out in October, 1861, Capt. Craw- ford being retained in the service. On the reorganization of the Second, as cavalry, he was assigned to the command of a battalion, and took part in the battles fought by the " Army of the Frontier," in 1862-63, having command of the regiment from May, 1863, until November of the same year, when he took command of the Second Kansas Colored Regiment, and with his command participated in the Camden expedition under Gen. Steele. He led the expedition from Fort Smith through the Indian country, in July, 1864, and in Octo- ber of the same year took part in the campaign against Gen. Price in Missouri. He was elected governor of Kansas, in November, 1864, resigned his commission in December, and was inaugurated January 9, 1865. He was re-elected in the fall of 1868, and served until November 4, 1868, when he resigned to take command of the Nine- teenth Kansas Cavalry Regiment, which was raised to fight the Indi- ans on the plains. At the close of the campaign, Gov. Crawford re- sumed the practice of his profession, locating in Emporia, Lyon County. He was afterward State claim agent, with headquarters at Washington, D. C, where he attended to the interests of Kansas in the matter of the claims of the State for expenses incurred in repell- ing invasion and Indian hostilities on its border. Hon. James R. Hallowell, long familiar as Vnited States district attorney, came to Kansas and located at Columbus, May 17, 1869, since which time he has been continuously engaged in the practice of law. Since his residence in the State he has served two terms in the House of Representatives, and four years as State Senator. He was also, for three years, member of the board of regents of the Agricult- ural College at Manhattan, being appointed United States district attorney in June, 1879. Mr. Hallowell was born in Montgomery County, Penn., December 27, 1842. When a youth of six or seven years, his father moved to Indiana, in which State James R. received his general and legal education, attending Asbury University, at Greencastle, and reading law with P. M. Rice, of Rockville. April 11, 1861, he enlisted in Lew Wallace's Zouave Regiment, Eleventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry, being mustered in on the 17th of the same luonth, for three months' service. At the expiration of his term >f^ ^ 0^ 1 HISTORY OF KANSAS. 129 lie re-enlisted in Company I, Thirty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry; was promoted immediately to first lieutenant; June, 1864, to major; the following day to lieutenant-colonel, having previously served as adjutant of the brigade, and October, 1864, to colonel of the regiment. He was mustered out January 16, 1S66, and returned to Indiana, where he remained until his removal to Kansas. He was married in Mont- gomery County, Ind., November 28, 1871, to Samantha H. Montgom- ery, of that county. They have one son, named Montgomery. The first Democratic governor ever elected in Kansas, Hon. George W. Glick, was inaugurated on January 8, 1883. He was born at Greencastle, Fairfield County, Ohio, July 4, 1827. On the paternal side, he is of German descent. Henry Glick, his great grandfather, was one of five brothers, who left their beautiful Rhine in the ante- Revolutionary "War period, and settled in Pennsylvania, all of them being soldiers in the War of the Revolution. George Glick, the grandfather of the governor, was a soldier in the War of 1812, and was severely wounded in the battle of Fort Meigs. Isaac Glick, Gov. Click's father, resided at Fremont, Sandusky County, Ohio, a promi- nent farmer and stock- raiser, who for three consecutive terms held the office of treasurer of Sandusky County. George Sanders, his grand- father on the maternal side, was of Scotch origin. He was a captain in the War of 1812, and bore the marks of his bravery in bodily wounds of a serious nature. Mary (Sanders) Glick, his mother, was a lady of high culture. George W. Glick was a studious boy. His scholastic attainments embraced a good knowledge of the higher mathematics, and of the languages, which substantial superstructure enabled him to become a "man of afPairs," and to succeed in his gen- eral undertakings. The family removed to Lower Sandusky (now Fremont), when George was five years of age, and after completing his school education, he entered the law ofiice of the firm of Buckland (Ralph P.) and Hayes (Rutherford B. ), studying there two years He was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court at Cincinnati, Ohio, having passed a thorough examination in connection with the Cincin nati Law School students. He began the practice of law at Fremont, and soon acquired the fame of a conscientious, painstaking, Indus trious lawyer, which secured him a large practice at Fremont, and later at Sandusky City, where his residence was prior to coming to Kansas. The Congressional convention of the Democratic party of his district placed him in nomination for Congress in 1858, but he de- clined the honor in presence of the convention, but later accepted the Ar — ^ 130 HISTORY OF KANSAS. nomination for State Senator, his preceptor, Mr. Biickland, being bis op- ponent. Though defeated, he ran nearly 2,000 votes ahead of his party ticket. He was elected jndge advocate-general of the Second Regiment of the Seventeenth Division of the Ohio Militia, with the rank of colonel, and commissioned by Gov. Salmon P. Chase. He came to Kansas late in 1858, located in Atchison, and entered npou the practice of law, asso- ciating himself with Hon. Alfred G. Otis, who was a man well versed in human jurisprudence, and who, as judge of the Second Judicial District from January, 1877, to January, 1881, won golden opinions as an administrator of justice. The firm of Otis & Glick lasted for fifteen years, Mr. Glick abandoning his lucrative practice in 1874, in consequence of a throat afPection. Mr. Glick was the Democratic candidate for judge of the Second Judicial District at the first election held under the Wyandotte Constitution, December 6, 1859. His vote was larger than that of any candidate on his ticket. He was elected a member of the Kansas House of Representatives from the city of Atchison in 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1867, 1875 and 1880. In the Legis- lative sessions of 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1868 and 1881 he was a mem- ber of the judiciary committee, and was made chairman of the same in 1865, 1866 and 1868, by the Rej^ublican speakers of the House, Hon. Jacob Stotler, Hon. JohnT. BurrisandHon. Preston B. Plumb. He was on the ways and means committee in the session of 1864; on the State library committee in 1868; on the committees on assessment and taxation, and on Federal relations, and chairman of the railroad committee in the session of 1876, and on banks and banking in the session of 1881. In the session of 1870 Mr. Glick was speaker pro tern, of the House. In May, 1874, Mr. Glick served as a member of the State Senate, having been elected to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Hon. Joseph C. Wilson. July 28, 1800, he was one of the delegates elected by the Democrats to attend the Union Convention at Philadel- phia, August 14, 1800; was a member of the Democratic State central committee, appointed September 15, 1870; was appointed a member of the State central relief committee, November 12, 1874; Gov. Thomas A. Osborn commissioned him a Centennial manager, March 3, 1876, and he was elected treasurer of the board of managers, and he was present at the first meeting of the board at Philadelphia, at their office in the Kansas building, June 4, 1876, when the arranging of the display was completed. July 29, 1838, he was made, by acclama- tion, the Democratic candidate for governor, and at the election re- ceived some support outside of his party. ^1 1 HISTORY OF KANSAS. 131 ^. Preston B. Plumb, United States Senator, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, October 12, 1837. He received merely a common- school education, and at the age of twelve years entered upon an ap- prenticeship to the printing business in the office of the Western Episcopalian, at Gambier, Ohio. In 1853, in connection with J. W. Dumble, he established the News at Xenia, Ohio. He came to Kan- sas, June 17, 1856, locating first near where the city of Salina now is, but afterward working at the printer's trade in Topeka, and became foreman of the Herald of Freedom office at Lawrence, during the winter of 1856-57. He was a member of a company of five persona who laid out Emporia in February, 1857, and established the Em- poria News, the first number of which was issued June 6, 1857. He took a prominent part in several Free-State Territorial conventions, always advocating the most radical measures of the Anti-Slavery party. He was elected a delegate to the Leavenworth Constitutional Convention in 1858, and, though one of the youngest, was among the most active, influential members. He was admitted to the bar in 1861, and opened a law office in Emporia, having previously attended two terms at the Cleveland, Ohio, Law School. In 1862 he was elected a member of the Kansas House of Representatives, and served as chair- man of the judiciary committee, and shortly afterward was appointed reporter of the Supreme Court, but resigned to engage in enlisting troops, and he recruited two companies for the Eleventh Kansas In- fantry and was mustered into service as second-lieutenant of Company C, and served successively as captain, major, and lieutenant-colonel in that regiment, having command of the regiment the greater part of its term of service. He was again elected to the Kansas House of Eepresentatives in 1866, and was re-elected in 1867, serving the first term as sppaker. He resumed the practice of the law in 1868, and continued in it until 1872, when he relinquished the profession on ac- count of ill health. From 1873 to 1887 he was president of the Em- poria National Bank. He was elected to his present position as Sen- ator of the United States January 31, 1877, and was re-elected in 1883 and 1888. His term of service will expire March 3, 1895. Eev. John Tecumseh Jones (Ottawa Jones) was born in Canada in January, 1808. His father was an Englishman, his mother an In- dian woman of the Chippewa nation. He was taken when quite young by a sister, living with her husband, a blacksmith, on the island of Mackinac. While yet a little boy, he was accustomed to board vessels stopping at the island. A certain Capt. Conner, taking a fancy to him, asked him to take a trip to Detroit on his vessel. Young Jones failing to obtain the consent of his sister to this proposed voyage, ap- parently gave up the project, but next day went down to the vessel and sailed away for Detroit. While in the family of his newfound friend, Jones learned the English and French languages and forgot his own. After a few years Mrs. Conner died, and young Jones was thrown out of a home. About this time the Baptists were collectiog together isolated Indians to go to Carey Station, Mich., to receive the benefits of the mission there. In his destitute condition, Jones was found by them and taken to this school, of which Rev. Isaac McCoy was at that time superintendent. Here he reacquired his native language, and, being diligent in his studies, became thoroughly famil- iar with the rudiments of an English education, and also became a convert to the Christian religion. He remained here four or five years. At that time the Pottawatomies were educating a great many of their young men at Hamilton, Columbia and other Eastern colleges. Jones attended Hamilton College four years, when, owing to failing health, he was advised by the faculty to give up study in order to rest. He then went to Choctaw Academy, Kentucky, as a teacher, remainino- about one year, later going to the station at Sault Ste. Marie, where he was chosen interpreter. For some time, he served in the capacity of interpreter for different tribes, and when the Pottawatomies were moved to Kansas Territory he came with them, and was a member of their tribe until the two Pottawatomie bands were consolidated on the tract of thirty miles square on the Kansas Kiver. He was then invited to join, and joined the Ottawas, of which tribe he remained a member until his death. The farm known as the John T. Jones' place was pur- chased by him of the trader to the Ottawas for $1,000. In 1850 he built a dwelling and a store. His home, some four miles northeast of the i^resent city of Ottawa, was a distinguished landmark, and in the early settlement of the Territory was the main stopping place between Lawrence and Fort Scott. He had the main country hotel in Eastern Kansas, and many of the pioneers of Kansas found temporary shelter under his hospitable roof. The assistance rendered to the cause of freedom by both John T. Jones and his estimable wife, during those early "times that tried men's souls," was of inestimable value. In 1850 his dwelling and store were burned down by border ruffians. February 23, 18()7, the United States Congress made an appropriation of $6,700, to be paid to him as an indemnity for this loss. He afterward erected a large two-story stone residence, at a cost of $20,000. Mr. ;|v* HISTORY OF KANSAS. 133 JoQes was a man to lend a helping hand to every good work. He was a prominent member of the Baptist Church of Ottawa, and rendered valuable assistance in founding the "Ottawa University." He died in 1873. Mr. Jones was married Jane 2, 1845, to Miss Jane Kelley, of North Yarmouth, Me., who, in 1843, had come to Kansas as a teach- er and missionary to the Indians. After her husband's death, she remained on the farm until 1876, when it was sold. By the terms of Mr. Jones' will, the whole of his estate, estimated at $25,000, was left in trust to Ottawa University. Chief Justice Albert Howell Horton, the subject of this sketch, second son of Dr. Harvey Horton and Mary Bennett, was born near Brookfield, in the town of Minnisink, Orange County, N. Y., Marc'n 12, 1S37. He attended the public schools of West Town, N. Y., until thirteen years of age, and then was prepared for college at the "Farmers' Hall Academy," at Goshen, Orange County, N. Y. ; in 1855, entered the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, Mich., as a freshman, and remained two years. In 1858 he entered the law office of Hon. J. W. Gott, at Goshen, N. Y. , as a law student, and remained there until December 15, 1858, when he was admitted as a counselor and attorney at law, at a general term of the Supreme Court, held in Brooklyn, N. Y. In 1859 he came West with his brother, Dr. Harvey A. Horton, and selected Atchison as his home. In 1800 he was appointed the city attorney of Atchison by the mayor, to till the vacancy caused by the resignation of the elected city attorney. In the spring of 1861 he was elected city attorney of the city, upon the Republican ticket. In September, 1861, he was appointed district judge of the Second Judicial District of the State of Kansas, by Gov. Charles Robinson. He was twice elected to the same office, and then resigned, to resume the practice of his profes- sion. In 1868 he was elected one of the electors on the Republican State ticket of Kansas, and was selected as the messenger to take the vote of Kansas to Washington. From 1861 to 1864, in addition to attending to the duties of judge of the district court, he assisted in editing the Weekly Champion. In May, 1869, Mr. Horton was ap- pointed by President Grant United States district attorney for Kan- sas, and held the office until his resignation on July 18, 1873. In November, 1873, he was elected to the House of Representatives of the Legislature of Kansas, from Atchison City, and in November, 1876, was elected State Senator to represent Atchison County. January 1, 1877, he resigned the office of State Senator to accept the appoint- ^ ^ — ^ ^ — " (^ 134 HISTORY OF KANSAS. ment of chief justice of Kansas. Under this appointment he held the office of chief justice until the regular election in the fall of 1877, when he was elected to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of his predecessor, Hon. Samuel A. Kingman. In November, 1878, he was elected chief justice of the State. At the session of the Kansas Legislature, held in 1879, the Republicans had a large majority of the members, but were unable to agree upon a caucus nominee for the United States Senatoi'. His name was presented as one of the Repub- lican candidates to be voted for, an^i upon the final ballot in the joint convention of the Legislature, he received eighty votes. John J. Ing- alls received eighty-six votes, and was declared elected. On May 26, 1864, he was married in Middletown, N. Y.. to Anna Amelia Robert- son, daughter of William Wells Robertson and Adeline Sayer. John Speer was born in Kittanning, Armstrong County, Penn., De- cember 27, 1817, the oldest son of Capt. Robert and Barbary (Lowrey) Speer. John was bred a farmer, and received only the early educational advantages which the district schools of the vicinity afforded. His father, while he was a small lad, bought a farm near Kittanning, and to insure the payment for it took a contract for carrying the United States mail between Kittanning and Curwensville. The distance was seventy miles, and the entire route was sparsely settled, with long reaches of unsettled wilderness. Over this lonesome route John was put to carrying the mail on horseback, at the early age of twelve years. For several years he continued faithfnlly to perform the weary work. His mother died while he was yet a lad. At the age of eighteen years he was indentured to the printing trade, with William Morehead, of the Indiana Register, Indiana, Penn. Having served his time, he re- turned home, and after six mouths' work as a journeyman on the Kit- tanning Gazette, in 1839, made his first journalistic venture, publish- ing for six months the Mercer and Beaver Democrat, at New Castle, Penn., and vigorously supporting Harrison for the presidency. He was identified with journalism in the States of Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio, for fifteen years thereafter, during which time he was connected with the Portsmouth, Ind , Tribune, the Harrison Gazette (which he established at Corydon, Ind.), the Mount Vernon, Ohio, Times, and the Democratic Whig, which he established September 12, 1843, and which he edited and successfully published for nearly twelve years thereafter. On the passage of the Nebraska bill, he sold out his paper and other effects, and with his brother, Joseph L. , came to Kansas. He arrived September 27, 1854. Here he established the first Free- "e> V HISTORY OF KANSAS. 135 State newspaper published in the Territory— the Kansas Pioneer, after- ward the Kansas Tribune. He was one of the most fearless and able champious of the Free State cause in the early days, and has held consistently and faithfully through a long political career to his early atiiliation with the Republican party. He has been deservedly hon- ored with many positions of honor and trust. He was a membei of the first Free-State Territorial Legislature in 1857. In 1864 he was a member of the national convention which nominated Lincoln and Johnson, and the same year was a member of the Kansas State Senate. He WHS also elected State printer under the Topeka government. He held the office of United States revenue collector from 1862 to 1866. The general statutes of 1868 were printed by him. He was elected State Representative from the Lawrence district in the fall of 1882. Few men have labored harder or suffered more than the subject of this sketch for the good of the commonwealth. In addition to the ordinary sacritices and hardships which fell in common upon all the outspoken Free- State men during the early struggles, the last venge- ful stroke of the slave power in Kansas fell with cruel force upon him. In Quantrell's raid on Lawrence, August 21, 1863, he lost two promis- ing sons, one cruelly shot and his body recovered; the other never found, and supposed to have been burned in the conflagration. Fur- ther, the Government vouchers of the office he then held were de- stroyed, adding the burden of anxiety and business troubles to his already overburdened soul. He married Miss Elizabeth Duplisses McMahon, daughter of John and Martha (Withers) McMahon, at Corydon, Harrison County, Ind., July 14, 1842. She died at Law- rence, Kas. , April 9, 1876. Thomas Ewing, Jr., came to the Territory of Kansas at an early day, seeking fame and fortune. In his favor he had the influence of the name of a distinguished family, and he was the possessor of brill- iant talents. He seemed to have been born with indomitable eonti- dence in his own capacity for self-advancement. He was a very prince in personal appearance, gentlemanly and dignified in his demeanor, and a forcible and impressive speaker. He was deemed by some re- served and cold in his manner, but those most intimate with him credit him with great social qualities and an intense devotion to his friends. He had the quality of attaching persons to him with hooks of steel, and ever afterward they were not only his earnest supporters but his ardent admirers. He was a member of the Free-State Convention at Lawrence, in 1857, and in 1858, of the Territorial commission which ^^ -^|v k. 136 HISTORY OF KANSAS. exposed in detail the fraudulent votes cast for the Lecoiupton Constitu- tion. He was one of the officers of the Free-State Convention held at Topeka, in 1858, and in the same year was a member of the Leavenworth Constitutional Convention. He was one of the vice-presidents of the Osawatomie Convention, held in 1859, and as a member of that con- vention assisted greatly in organizing the Republican party in Kansas. He was nominated chief justice of the Supreme Court, by acclamation, at the Republican State Convention held in Lawrence, October 12, 1859. After the admission of the State, he served as chief justice less than two years, resigning his judicial position in November, 1862, to accept the colonelcy of the Eleventh Regiment of Kansas Volun- teers. In March, following, he was made brigadier-general, and on August 22, 1803, issued his celebrated order No. 11, requiring all persons living in Jackson, Cass and Bates Counties, Mo., to remove from their places of residence within fifteen days. Upon leaving the army, in 1865, Gen. Ewing returned to Ohio to live. He there be- came identified with the Democratic party, served in Congress, and at the National Democratic Convention held in New York, in July, 1868 was a prominent candidate for the vice presidency. His order No. 11, circulated among members of that convention, was prejudicial to his success, and he was finally defeated by Gen. Frank P. Blair, of Mis- souri. As illustrative of his style as a speaker, and the many great changes in travel and mail facilities from the early days of Kansas, the following quotation is given from one of his speeches delivered in Congress: "I have lived on the border, and know how exigent and imperative is the need of good facilities — what social joy and business life the quick coach isfreightal with, aad how saddening and destruct- ive of business is the laggard mail. I was present when the first fleet horse of the pony express started — that splendid achievement by Ben Holladay — the most characteristic of all the American enterprises of this century. I was present when the courser flung the dust of Mis- souri from his feet, and sped away to the desert, amid the godspeeds and acclaims of all Kansas; and I remember, too, how his reception on the Pacific coast thrilled the continent. A grander and more loving welcome was given to horse and rider, begrimed with soil and sweat, than was ever accorded there to hero or statesman; for the hearts of our brethren on that far coast leaped with joy to know that they were brought within a fortnight-mail communication with their kindred in the East. That spider's thread spun across the desert has drawn after it railroad and telegraph, city and State; vast fields of wheat and herds s \' of cattle, and the pulses of this gr(^at artery of commerce now throb throughout our continent/' Hon. Samuel A. Kingman, one of the fathers and founders of the State, was for fourteen years upon the supreme bench as chief justice and associate justice. He was an active member of the Wyandotte Constitutional Convention, and was chairman of the committee on the judiciary. In that convention he was eloquent in debate, as well as wise, or rather he was eloquent by his wisdom. His name is en- titled, in Kansas, to enviable immortality for his support of the home- stead provision incorporated in the State constitution. If not the author of the provision, he was its most able defender and successful advo- cate. Against an attempt to limit the value of the homestead to .|2, 000, he said: ''A true homestead law has always laid very near my heart. A home is a home, good or bad, valuable or valueless. It is simply the home, the hearthstone, the fireside, around which a man may gather his family, with the certainty of assurance that neither the hand of the law, nor all of the uncertainties of life can eject them from the pos- session of it. To limit the value is to say to the owner: 'So long as your land remains unimproved, so long as it shall remain poor and sterile, it is yours, but the moment you put your labor upon it, the moment you improve it and adorn it and make it habitable and beau- tiful, it shall be taken away from you for the payment of your debts. ' This limitation tells him that his labor shall be in vain; tells him to keep away the hand of improvement, for if you advance its value be- yond the limit proposed, your homestead and your reliance for the sup- port of your family is forever gone." Chief -Justice Kingman's judi- cial opinions are models of clearness and conciseness; a natural sense of justice permeates them all. Upon the bench, as well as off, he was noted for unaffected dignity and simplicity. It was a misfortune to the State that ill health required him to relinquish the duties which otherwise he was so ably fitted to discharge. Benjamin Franklin Mudge (the distinguished geologist), son of James and Ruth Mudge, was born in Orrington, Me., August 11 1817. In 1818 his parents removed to Lynn, Ma.ss., and in the com- mon schools of that city Benjamin received his early education. From the age of fourteen until he was twenty, he followed the trade of shoe making. He taught school to procure the means of acquiring a collegiate education, and graduated from the Wesleyan University, at Middletown, Conn.; first in the scientific and afterward in the class- ical course in 1840. After graduating he returned to Lynn and beo-an *^ IV*- A" — ^ 138 HISTORY OF KANSAS. the study of law, being admitted to the bar two years later, aud im- mediately entering upon the practice of his profession. He remained a resident of Lynn until 1859, becoming during those years thorough- ly identified with all the reform movements in that city. He was especially active aud earnest in the anti-slavery and temjjerance move- ments, and was elected mayor of the city on the latter issue in 1852. In ] 859. having spent eighteen years of his active business life in Lynn. he accepted the office of chemist for the Breckenridge Coal & Oil Com- pany in Kentucky. On the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion he removed to Kansas and settled at Quindaro, where he remained until he received an appointment as State geologist for Kansas in 1803. from which time until his death, sixteen years later, his whole time and strength were given to scientific researches and investigations in the West, principally in Kansas and Nebraska. In 1865 he was elected professor of "'geology and associated sciences,'" in the State Agricult ural College at Manhattan, in which position he remained eight years. In addition to the faithful and conscientious work performed by the Professor in the interest of the institution, he presented to it his rare and valuable cabinet, including the collections of more than tliirty years aud many thousand choice specimens. Having some disagreement with the college administration, which resulted in litigation, Prof. Mudge accepted an appointment from Prof. Marsh, of Yale College, to gather geological specimens in the new West for the cabinet of that institu- tion. He furnished various forms of vertebrate fossils, the first speci- men of birds with teeth (described b}' Prof. Marsh, American Journal of Science, volume IV, page 34), and also many of the original speci- mens for the engravings in Government publications. Duning a single year he gathered and shipped three tons of rare specimens of western fossil to eastern scientists. To accomplish such a work his time for the last five years of his life was necessarily spent principally in camp, exposed to the perils and privations of frontier and oftentimes savage life. During the intervals between his tours of exploration and in- vestigation, his time was employed in writing and lecturing on scien- tific subjects, mainly geology, he being a fine writer, and a most popular lecturer. In 1878 he was elected fellow of the American As- sociation for the Advancement of Science, and was father of the Kansas Academy of Sciences. He was married September 16, 1846, to Mary Eusebia Beckford. Six children were born to them. Pi of. Mudge died of apoplexy at his home in Manhattan, Kas., November '21, 1879. HISTORY OF KANSAS. 139 Col. D. R. Aiit.boii}', editor and proprietor of the Leavenworth Times, was born in South Adams, Mass., August 22, 1824. He re- ceived a common-school education, and his youth and early manhood were spent in various mercantile pursuits. In July, 1854, Mr. An- thony visited Kans-as, being a member of that colony sent out by the New England Emigrant Aid Society, under the leadership of Eli Thayer, which founded the city of Lawrence. In the fall of the same year he returned to Rochester, N. Y., where he remained iu business until June, 1857, when he returned to Kansas, and located permanently in Leavenworth. At the breaking out of the war, Mr. Anthony be- came lieutenant-colonel of the First Kansas Cavalry, afterward known as the Seventh Kansas Volunteers. In November, 1861, at the battle of the Little Blue, he won a decisive victory over a force of guerrillas four times as strong as his in numbers; but his reputation as a faithful Union officer was made by the order which he issued while in command of Gen. Mitchell's brigade in Tennessee, forbidding any officer or soldier to return a fugitiTe slave to his master. His action created no small feeling and commotion in the army and throughout the country, and, by his refusal to countermand the order, he incurred the displeasure of his superior officer, and was arrested by Gen. Mitchell. Within sixty days from the time of his arrest, however, Gen. Halleck restored him to active service, being satisfied that public sentiment sustained Col. Anthony's course. In April, 1801, he was appointed postmaster of Leavenworth, which office he held for five years, being elected mayor of the city in 1863. As chief executive of Leavenworth, he carried into civil life the same uncompromising Union spirit which he had shown in the army, and his administration was one of the most vigorous and effective which the city has ever en- joyed. Brig. -Gen. Thomas Ewing, Jr., commanding the District of the Border, headquarters at Kansas City, had declared martial law, and his detectives in Leavenworth seized some horses belono-ing to a colored man, claiming they had been stolen in Missouri. This Mayor Anthony resented, claiming that Kansas was a loyal State, and that her civil authorities were entirely competent to enforce all the laws, and ordered the police to recover the animals, which they did. On September 7 he was arrested by order of Gen. Ewing, and taken to Kansas City, escorted by a military guard of twenty-four men. The whole of Leavenworth was in a blaze of excitement over the indignity placed upon her mayor. A large public meeting, composed of promi- nent citizens, was held upon the evening of his arrest, and resolutions r 140 HISTORY OF KANSAS. were passed calling upon the President to properly punish or censure those who were responsible for the outrage. Mayor Anthony was. however, released within twenty-four hours from the time he was ar- rested, and was granted a perfect ovation at the market house the next evening. The order declaring martial law in Leavenworth had been countermanded simultaneously with his arrest. In 1868 Col. Anthony was president of the llepubliean State Convention, and was chosen a presidential elector, his being one of the three votes which Kansas cast for Gen. Grant. In 1871 he served in the city council, and in 1872 was again elected mayor for a term of two years. In 1874 he was elected councilman from the First Ward, and in April, 1874, was appointed postmaster of Leavenworth by Gen. Grant. In addition to the tine record which Col. Anthony has made for himself as a public functionary, he has, for nearly thirty years, been building a journal- istic reputation which is second to none in the State, and which is among the foremost in the country. Mr. Anthony was married Jan- uary 21, 1864, to Miss Annie O. Osborn, of Edgartown, Mass., his father-in-law, Capt. Osborn, being one of the leading whaling mer- chants of that State. Col. Anthony, a man of strong convictions, and fearless in their expression, has made bitter enemies; and it is almost an anomaly that a man of strong character does escape bitter persecu- tion of some kind. On May 10, 1875, he was shot in the opera house, Leavenworth, by W. W. Embry, a printer and newspaper publisher. The ball passed into the right side of the face, passed downward, and lodged in the body. The shot came near proving fatal. It may be incidentally remarked as a singular circumstance, that on New Year's Day, 1880, W. W. Eml^ry, the man who shot Col. Anthony, was himself shot and instantly killed, in a saloon row with his newspaper partner. Hon. David Josiah Brewer was born in Smyrna, Asia Minor, Jixne 20, 1837. His father. Rev. Josiah Brewer, was a missionary to the Greeks in Turkey at the time of his birth. His mother, Emilia A (Field) Brewer, was a sister of David Dudley and Cyrus W. Field. The subject of this sketch commenced his collegiate studies at the Wes- leyan University, at Middletown, Conn., but subsequently entered the junior class at Yale College, New Haven, Conn., from which he grad- uated with high honors in ]8i'6. He completed his law studies at the Albany Law School, fiom which he graduated in 1858. He then came west, spent a few months in Kansas City, and then journeyed farther west up the Arkansas River to Pike's Peak. He remained in the Colo- rado regions until the following June, when he returned to Kansas. It^ HISTOKY OF KANSAS. 141 and after a short visit to his eastern home, settled finally. September 13, 1859, at Leavenworth. Kas. , where he has since been a resident. Since he settled in Leavenworth he has been an honored citizen by almost continuous election to offices of honor and trust. In 1861 he was appointed United States commissioner; in 1862 he was elected judge of probate and criminal courts of Leavenworth County; in 1864 was elected judge of the district court for the First Judicial District of the State of Kansas; in 1868 was elected attorney for Leavenworth County; in 1870 was elected justice of the Supreme Court, and re elected to the same position in 1876, and again in 1882, for a third term. Among the many minor offices with which he has been honored by his neighbors, are the following: Member of the board of educa- tion of Leavenworth City, in 1863-64; president of the school board in 1865; citj" superintendent of schools in 1865-68; secretary of the Mercantile Library Association, 1862-63, and' its president in 1864; president of the State Teachers" Association in 1868 ; and secretary and one of the trustees of Mount Muncie Cemetery Association, the public cemetery of Leavenworth City, since its organization in 1866. He was married, October 3, 1861, to Miss Louise R. Landon, of Bur- lington, Vt. They have four daughters, all living: Harriet E., Etta L., Fannie A. and Jeanie E. During the long period of twelve years which have passed since Judge Brewer's first election to the supreme bench, he has, by the judicial ability and integrity which have charac- terized his decisions, won distinction for himself and eminence as a jurist, as well as elevated the standard of excellence of the court over which he presides. It has in the past been truthfully said of him, and the truth brightens as the years roll on: "He has honestly merited the confidence and respect which is so universally tendered him by the legal fraternity of Kansas, and is an honor to the bench he adorns." Samuel Medary was appointed governor of Kansas Territory November 19, and arrived in the Territory and entered upon the duties of his office December 20, 1858. He was born in Montgomery Coun- ty, Penn. , February 15, 1801. He learned the trade of a printer, and subsequently became the editor of the Ohio Statesman, published at Columbus. Ohio. He held the position for many years, dimng which his paper ranked as one of the ablest Democratic journals of the State. In politics he was a stanch Democrat of the Jacksoniau school, during his whole life. He was au ardent admirer and follower of Douglas up to the division which grew out of the discussion of the Lecompton Constitu- tion in Congress, at which time he supported the administration and fa ^^ ^: ,u vored its policy. He was appointed governor of Minnesota in March, 1857. On its admission as a State, he again made his home in Columbus, Ohio. He was appointed governor of Kansas November 19, 1858, took the oath of office December 1, and entered upon his duties December 20. Compared with the administrations of his predecessors, his was uneventful. The country was in a comparatively peaceful condition, and little opportunity was offered him to show either the administra- tive faults or virtues which he may have possessed. He resigned the office December 20, 1800, and returned to Columbus, Ohio, where he remained until the time of his death, which occurred November 7, 1864. ^-. ;pr ^WYANDOTTE ceUNTY.^ CHAPTER XI. Location— TopoGHAPHY — Altitude — Economic Geology — Explo- rations— Indians— Skttlement— First Election— Indian Tkea- TiES— Surveyor-General's Office— Land Surveys- Indian Set- tlers—First White Settlers— Indian Cemetery— First Mar- riages, etc , ETC. ■' The fall of waters, and the song of birds. The hills that echo to the distant herds, Are luxuries excelling all the glare The world can boast, and her chief favorites share. YANDOTTE COUNTY, Kas., is situated at the coufluence of tbe Missouri and Kansas Rivers, in tbe extreme eastern portion of the State, and is bounded on the west and partially on the north by Leavenworth County, also on tbe north and northeast by tbe Missouri River, which separates it from the Stiite of Missouri; on tbe east by the Missouri River, Kansas City in Missouri, and tbe Missouri State line, and on the south by Johnson County, tbe Kansas River forming the dividing line a part of the way. It contains portions of Townships 10 and 11, south of the base line, in Ranges 2y. 2-i and '25, east of tbe sixth principal meridian, and a portion |n< of Township 12 south, in Range 23 east. It also lies in the southern part of tbe fortieth degree of north latitude, and in the western part of tbe ninety-liftb degree of longitude west from Greenwich, England. According to the rectangular system of United States surveys, it contains an area of about 153 square miles or 97.920 acres. \^ a ^ 'Ji. Hi HISTORY OF KANSAS. The base line above referred to lies on the fortieth degree of north latitude, and constitutes the line between the States of Kansas and Nebraska. The sixth principal meridian crosses the base line, and extends north and south through both of these States, passing through Kansas 132 miles west of the western boundary of Wyandotte County. The townships number south from the base line for the whole State. and the ranges for the eastern part of the State number eastward from the meridian, and for the western part of the State they number west- ward therefrom. The State line between the States of Ohio and Indi- ana constitute the first principal meridian, as used in the system of townships and ranges for the survey of the public lands; the second passes through the middle of Indiana, a few miles west of Indianapolis; the third through the State of Illinois, near the center thereof; the fourth through the western part of Illinois; the tifth through the States of Arkansas, Missouri and Iowa, and the sixth through Kansas and Nebraska, as above explained. The following is the legal description of the boundary lines of Wyandotte County: Commencing at a point on the west line of the State of Missouri, opposite the mouth of the Kansas River; thence south on the west line of the State of Missouri to the south line of Township 11 south, being the northeast corner of Johnson County; thence west on township line to the middle of the main channel of the Kansas River, in Range 24, east; thence up the said river, in the middle of the main channel thereof, to the intersection with the east line of Range 22, east; thence north on said range line to the old Delaware reservation line, the same being the dividing line between the original Delaware reserve and Delaware trust laads; thence east on said line to the west boundary line of the State of Missouri; thence southeasterly with the said western boundary line of the State of Missouri to the place of beginning.' This, the statutory description, is technical, and yet indefinite, as it depends upon other descriptions not herein expressed. Wyandotte is the smallest county in the State, but it ranks as the third in population, and has a density of 332.43 persons to the square mile. Kansas City, lying in the extreme eastern portion of the county, at the mouth of the Kansas River, is the county seat. The county is named after the civilized tribe of Indians who com- menced its settlement in 1843, and it has been spelled in three dif- ferent ways, viz.: Wyandot, Wyandott and Wyandotte; the tir.st is the Indian, the second the English, and the third the French method. ■^ r WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 145 It is foimd all these ways in the public records, dooumerits and books making mention of it. The latter method is now most generally accepted, and to^prevent confusion, will be used in this work, except in quota- tions where the name is otherwise spelled. The general surface of the county is undulating, high bluffs oc- curring along the Missouri and the south bank of the Kansas River. Bottom lands vary in width from one to two miles, and, in the aggre- gate, comprise twenty per cent of the total area. There is consider- able timber in all sections except the northern, constituting about one- fourth of the area of the county. The belts along the streams average a width of two miles. All the varieties of timber common to the west- ern country, such as oak, elm, sycamore, cottonwood, box elder, wal- nut, honey locust, willow, hickory, ash, hackberry and mulberry, are found here. But unlike the tall timber of the East, with limbless trunks, it has a low and spreading growth, thus making it less valu- able as saw timber. Springs are abundant, and good well water is obtained at an aver- age depth of thirty-live feet. The Missouri River, flowing in a south- easterly direction, forms the largest portion of the northern boundary and a small part of the eastero. The Kansas River, with a north- eastern course, forms about one third of the southern boundary, and flows into the Missouri River. The creeks which flow from the county uito the Missouri River are Jersey, which runs eastwardly through the northern part of Kansas City; Big Eddy, near the line between Ranges 24 and 25; Marshall, near the line between Ranges 23 and 24; Connar, Honey and Island, the last three being in Range 23. All of these except Jersey flow in a northeasterly direction. There are some other smaller tributaries of the Missouri in the county. The creeks which flow from the county into the Kansas River on the north side are Muncy, Mill and Turkey, in Range 24, and Betts, East Mis- souri, West Missouri, Spring and West, in Range 23. These streams all flow southerly and southeasterly. A few small creeks enter the Kansas River from Shawnee Township, of Wyandotte County, on the south. The streams here mentioned, with a few small and un- named rivulets, form the drainage of the county, which is very per- fect. Kansas River, at its mouth, is 750 feet above sea level. The city hall in Kansas City, Kas., stands 124.61 feet above low water mark in the Missoiiri River, and the court-house stands 150 feet above the same mark. The surface gradually rises on going westward, but be- ^-^ V ^^^^ tween the streams that flow northward into the Missouri, and those that flow southward into the Kansas Kiver, there is a water shed run- ning east and west through the county near the second standard parallel south from the base line, it being the line between Town ships 10 and 11 south. From this water shed the lands descend toward the Missouri on the north and northeast, and toward the Kansas River on the south and southeast. The soil of both the valley and highlands of the county is the same in fine, black, rich loam, so common in the Westei-n States. The pre- dominating limestones, by disintegration, aid in its fertility, but the extreme fineness of all the ingredients acts most effectively in produc- ing its richness. On the uplands it is from one to three feet deep; in the bottoms it is sometimes twenty feet or more. There are no stag- nant pools or peat marshes in the county, except in the immediate bot- toms of the Missouri and Kansas Rivers, where there is some lifeless water in sloughs when the rivers are very low. The strata of the outer formation of the earth is mostly in a horizontal position, showing that the uplifting from the ocean must have been slow and perpendicular. A few veins of coal have been found, but are not of sufficient thick- ness to warrant working; besides, they lie very deep. A light-colored limestone, making a good caustic lime, is very abundant on the banks of the Missouri and Kansas Rivers, aud along the many small streams throughout the county. It is the stone mostly used for building pur- poses. A blue limestone, also making a fair quality of lime, is found in limited quantities. It is a hard, compact stone, without seams, and much sought after for " range " work. A grey limestone, or granite limestone, making a very inferior lime, is found in immense layers, two to four feet in thickness. It is without flaws, is hard, compact and durable, and is much used in the construction of bridge piers, abut- ments and heavy walls. Limestone oolitic is found in beds of great thickness, and is used for abutments, piers and heavy walls. It makes a poor quality of lime. Sandstone, not very compact, is found in the central and most elevated portions of the county, and is used to a small extent in building. At Argentine and Edwardsville there are ledges of a very hard sandstone, similar to the Medina sandstone of New York. Blocks of it are used for street paving. Cement rock is found underlying a few hundred acres of land just south of the city limits of Kansas City. It is almost an inexhaustible deposit of hydraulic lime- stone, from eight to fifteen feet in thickness. The quality is proving to be excellent. A company having a large capital has bought costly ^IV ^^ kilns and a cement mill, and has been manufacturing cement from this stone for several years. Under the cement a large deposit of tire clay is foxind. Fire-bricks have been manufactvired from it, and the clay is much used as a mortar in laying firebrick. In boring for coal in 1875 gas was struck at a depth of 350 feet, 10,000 feet of gas escap- ing hourly. In 1883 another company drilled a six-inch well in the old city of Wyandotte, seeking for coal or oil, and, at a depth of 300 feet, also struck gas. The gas is utilized to a limited extent. Long before the United States possessed the vast territory west of the Mississipj)i, the French and the Spaniards had explored the Mis souri and Kansas Rivers to points above their junction, but made no permanent settlements. Of these explorations but little is known. In 1800 a trading post was established at Randolph BlufFs, three miles below the present Kansas City, but it did not lead to a settlement. The first Americans who saw this part of country under the dominion of the United States were Messrs. Lewis and Clarke, who traveled by in 1804, on their famous expedition up the Missouri, passing the mouth of Kansas River early in May of that year, or perhaps late in April, where they made a temporary camp and procured plenty of game. In 1811 the western limit of white settlement was at Fort Osage in Missouri, thirty-four miles below the mouth of the Kansas River. In 1819 Maj. Stephen H. Long, in the employ of the Govern- ment, with a corps of topographical engineers on his way to the Yel- lowstone country, passed the site of the present Wyandotte County, with the first steamboat that ever plowed the Missouri along the borders of Kansas. In 1825 Cyprian Chouteau, a Frenchman, established a trading post on the south side of the Kansas River about opposite the pj;esent site of Muncie. A few years later he was joined by his brother, Frederick, and later still the}' moved their trading post about eighty miles farther up the river. In 1827 a part of the Third Regiment of United States troops passed the mouth of Kansas River on their way to Leavenworth, where they erected barracks and a fort. In 1829 Rev. Thomas Johnson established a Methodist mission school among the Shawnees, in the present township of Shawnee in Johnson County, which lies directly south of Shawnee Township in Wyandotte County, and in May, 1832, he established a mission school among the Dela- ware Indians, near the White Church post-oifice, now on the Kansas City, Wyandotte & Northwestern Railroad. In May, 1834. the first stock of goods was landed near the present site of Kansas City, Mo. In 1837 John G. Pratt located on Section 10, in Townshi]) 11, Range ^. 23, about twelve miles west of Wyandotte City, where he still resides, and established a Baptist mission among the Delaware Indians. Mr. Pratt has published several hymn books in the Delaware language, one of which was printed at the Wyandotte Herald oifice. He was ap- pointed agent for the Delawares, by President Lincoln. One of his sons married a daughter of Charles Journeycake, a well-known Del- aware chief. His eldest daughter married Col. Samuel Black, of Leavenworth. In 184:2 John C. Fremont, on an expedition, visited Cyprian Chouteau's trading post on the Kansas River, and then with Kit Carson as his guide proceeded farther up the river. The next year Fremont went up this river on a second expedition. In the early part of the nineteenth century, when the United States became possessed of the extensive Territory of Louisiana, the Pawnee Indians claimed possession and ownership of a large tract of counti'y including what is now Wyandotte County. The Paw- nees were a powerful and warlike tribe, and for a century they main- tained sway over the country embraced by the branches of the Kan- sas River, and over the whole region watered by the Platte, from near the Rocky Mountains to its mouth. They were divided into several villages or bands, one of which, the Pawnee Republic, gave its name to the Republican River. The Otoes, Omahas and other tribes ac- knowledged the superiority of the Pawnees, and lived under their protection. In 1832, however, all these tribes were ravaged by the small-pox, and it is said that the Pawnees then lost half their popula tion. The following year, by treaty, they disposed of, to the United States, all their claims to the land lying south of the Platte River, and agreed to locate themselves north of that river and west of the Missouri. This they did. But large bodies of Sioux came down on their new settlements, and drove them back with great slaughter. Some returned to their old villages; others joined their allies, the Otoes and Omahas. They continued to be unfortunate, and by the ravages of wars and disease rapidly dwindled in numbers. [T. G. Adams' Homestead Guide.] But later the Kansas or Raw Indians claimed to have, in a great measure, supplanted the Pawnees in their right to the occupancy of their country, and by treaty dated June 8, 1825, they (the Kaws) ceded to the United States a tract of territory including what is now em- braced in Wyandotte County. Subsequently, early in the thirties, the United States granted to the Delaware Indians a large reservation in the purchase from the Kaw Indians, which inchxded all of what is 7 jj •^ik-- -^ now in Wyandotte County lying north of the Kansas River. And then, or s ion thereafter, the Shawnee Indians, by treaty or otherwise, claimed a large tract of country lying immediately south of the Kan - sas River. The following account pertaining to the last occupancy by the In- dians of the territory now embraced in Wyandotte County, given by Rev. John G. Pratt, now the oldest citizen in the county, and published in the Andreas' State History, is here presented for the benefit of the reader: ' ' That part of the country on the north side of the Kansas River was first settled by the Delawares in 1829. They came from Ohio, and brought with them a knowledge of agriculture, and many of them habits of industry. They opened farms, built houses and cut out roads along the ridges and divides; also erected a frame church at what is now the village of White Church. The south side of the Kansas River was settled by the Shawnee Indians in 18'23. They also after- ward came from Ohio, and were about as much advanced in civiliza- tion as the Delawares. They had a Methodist Mission some three miles fi'om Westport a long time, it being presided over by Rev. Mr. Johnson; also a Quaker Mission about two miles west of that. The population of the Delaware tribe when it first settled in Kansas was 1,000. It w.as afterward reduced to 800. This was in consequence of contact with the wilder tribes, who were as hostile to the short haired Indians as they were to the whites. Still the Delawares would vent- ure out hunting buffalo and beaver, to be iuevitably overcome and de- stroyed. Government finally forbade their leaving the reS'ervation. The effect of this order was soon apparent in the steady increase of the tribe, so that when they removed in 1867 they numbered 1,160. The ruling chiefs from 1829 to 1867 were Ne-con-he-con, Qui-sha to wha (Capt. John Ketchum), Nah-ko-mund (Capt. Anderson), Kock-a-to- wha (Sar-cos-ie), Charles Johnnycake, Qua con now-ha (James Sacondine or Secundine), Ah-cah chick (James Connor) and Cajit. John Connor." " Capt. John Ketchum, one of the most noted chiefs of the Dela- wares, died in August, 1857. Aa lived near White Church, on the Lawrence road, and at the time of his death, which occurred at an ad- vanced age, he was almost helpless. His funeral was attended by a large number of Indians, who came in their colored blankets and painted faces, carrying their guns." In 184'2 the Wyaudotte Indians in Ohio, by treaty sold their lands in that State to the United States, and the following year they moved toward the setting sun in search of a new home. Preceding their coining, in May, 1843, Silas Armstrong and George Clark, with their families, and Miss Jane Tilles (now the widow of William Cook), who had been reared by Mrs. Sarah Armstrong, came to this section to select a reservation, but more particularly to establish a trading store for the nation. This Mr. Armstrong did, renting a building in Westport. The young men of the tribe, under the leader- ship of Matthew Walker, brought the horses aad came overland from the reservation. The rest of the tribe —men, women and children, went to Cincinnati and there engaged two boats, the "Nodaway" and another, on which they set out by water for their destination west of Missouri. The "Nodaway," the largest vessel, arrived at Westport Landing, July 28, 1843, and the other vessel arrived three days later. They found upon arrival that the land lying south of the Kansas River was occupied by the Shawnee Indians, and that the land lying north thereof was occupied by the Delaware Indians, and that there were no lands here then open to their entry as a home. Silas Armstrong, a prominent member of the tribe, located with his family in a house in Westport, and perhaps other members of the baud found house-room in the same village; but the body of the tribe encamped on a narrow strip of land lying between the Shawnee reser- vation and the Missouri State line, south of the mouth of Kansas River. This strip had been reserved by the Government for the purpose of erecting a fort thereon, but the land being too low, it was never util- ized for such purpose — a site at Leavenworth being chosen in its stead. Being anxious to find a home, the coiincil of the Wyandottes negotiated with the Delawares, who were friendly, and received from them three sections of land, by gift, and thirty-six sections by purchase — all lying in the peninsula between the Missouri and the Kansas (then the Kaw) Rivers, and bounded on the north and east by the former river, and on the south by the latter, and containing the site of the present Kansas City, in Kansas. Its western boundary was a north and south line, extend- ing from river to river, far enough to the west to contain the thirty- nine sections — being run a little west of the middle of Range 24. Afterward this purchase was coniirmed and ratified by the United States, and it became the Wyandottes' reservation. After camping on the low strip of land before mentioned, from their arrival in July, 1843, to October of the same year, the Wyandottes crossed the Kansas River, and encamped on the lands procured from t >fv" the Delawiires. Duriug this time they lost by death, from sickness, sixty of their number. Immediately after occupying their "prom- ised land," they began to erect permanent homes. John Mclutyre Armstrong, a well educated and prominent Wyandotte (whose widow, Lucy B. Armstrong, a white woman, and daughter of Rev. Russell Bigelow, formerly of the Ohio Methodist Episcopal Conference, is still living), erected his log cabin about 150 feet east of what is now Fifth Street and a little north of Freeman Aveiuie, in Kansas City, and moved his family into it December 10, 1843. This was the first house built on the site of what is now a prosperous city. In 184:7 he com- pleted the very substantial frame dwelling-house on what is known as •' Lucy B. Armstrong's Allotment," near the Northwestern depot, and where his widow, Mrs. Lucy B., has ever since resided. Mr. Armstrong was sev«n-eighths white and one-eighth Indian. The Wy- andottes as fast as possible erected log cabins, and provided them- selves with comfortable homes, and began to improve the country. Being both civilized and Christianized, they let not a year roll away, before they had a house erected in which they met to worship God. Their school-house and council house were also erected before a year had rolled away, and in it J. Mclntyre Armstrong began to teach the first school, beginning July 1, 1844 — in less than a year after they landed at West port. The spring of 1844 was warm and dry until in May, when it com- menced to rain and continued to rain more or less every day for forty days, causing a very destructive flood. The bottom lands on both sides of the Kansas River at and near its mouth, now mostly covered with buildings, was then inundated with water to a depth of fourteen feet; the Missouri backed up to the mouth of Line Creek, and Jersey Creek backed up to a point a quarter of a mile above the site of the present Northwestern Railroad depot. The long, continued rains were succeeded by dry and hot weather, and the overflowed vegetable matter decomposing, cansed much sickness among the Wyandottes, and a large percentage of their number died. But, notwithstanding this calamity, the Wyandottes continued to build houses, to subdue the wilderness and make farms, to build churches and school-houses, to worship God and educate their children, so that when their reservation was opened to the white settlers, the latter found it very unlike the many settlements made on the frontier among the aborigines. Yet, these people were Indians, so called. The original Wyandotte Indians were of the Iroquois family, and ^fV*' were called Hurons by the French. When the French settled Canada they were on the Island of Montreal, and were very numeious. A part ol them went to Quebec, and a part sonth of the great lakes. In 1829 a small band of them lived on Huron River in Michigan, but the principal portion settled on the headwaters of the Sandusky River in Ohio, whence they afterward came to Kansas. Those that removed to the reservation here were nearly all known as half-breeds, but many of them had more white than Indian blood in their veins. A few white men. who married into the tribe, were adopted as members thereof, and were prominent in their councils. Besides being civilized, on their reservation in Ohio manj' of these Indians were Christianized by the mission work of Christian denominations, notably the Method- ist Episciipal in Ohio. Subsequently many of them were very respect- able and prominent in the settlement and organization of Wyandotte County, and some of the best and most prominent citizens of the county to-day are descendants in part from these people. Unfort- unately many of the Wyandottes, like their white brethren, were too fond of ' ' fire water. ' ' Jane Tilles, a white girl, adopted into the tribe in Ohio, came here as a meuiber of the family of Silas Armstrong. She afterward mar- ried James Bennett, who was elected chief of the Wyandottes, and after his death she married William Cook, a prominent business man of Wyandotte. She is now living on Emerson Avenue, between Sixth and Seventh Streets. In 1843, when the Wyandottes came, Kansas City, Mo., contained three warehouses (those of the Town Company, Francis Chouteau, or rather the American Fur Company, and that of W. G. & G. W. Ewing), two or three small trading houses, and a few log cabins, mostly opcu- pied by Frenchmen. It was then known only as Westport Landing. In the summer of 1852 the organization of a Territory claimed the attention of the leading men of the Wyandotte Nation, which resulted in issuing a call for an election for delegates to Congress. The elec- tion was held October 12, of that year. George I. Clark, Samuel' Priestly and Matthew R. Walker acted as judges, and William Walker and Benjamin C. Anderson as clerks. Thirty-live votes were polled, and the following is the order in which they were received: Charles B. Garrett, Isaac Baker, Jose Antonio Pieto, Henry C. Norton, Abe- lard Guthrie, Henry C. Long, Cyrus Garrett, Francis Cotter, Edward B. Hand, Francis A. Hicks, Russell Garrett, Samuel Rankin, Nich- olas Cotter, Joel W. Garrett, Isaac Long, Thomas Coon Hawk, James Is r ^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 153 Garlow, William Walker. George I. Clark, Benjamin N. C. Anderson, Matthew R. Walker, Samuel Priestly, Henry Garrett, William Gibson, Presley Mnir, Joel Walker, Isaac Brown, James Long, John Lynch, William Trowbridge, John W. Ladd, Daniel McNeal, Edward Fifer, Peter D. Clark and Henry W. Porter. Besides the importance of this event, the list of names here given serves to show who many of the Wyandottes were at this date. Abelard Guthrie received every vote cast, and went to Washington as the duly accredited delegate of the Territory to the XXXIId Congress. By a treaty dated January 31, 1855, the Wyandottes ceded their reservation here to the United States, and by the terms of the treaty, the United States deeded the lands back to them in severalty, giving to each a sufficient number of acres to make up the value of his or her share, so that all did not receive the same number of acres, but the same amount in value. The lands of the reservation were all deeded back except the Indian graveyard — mentioned elsewhere in this work — a large church lot to each of the religious denominations known as the Methodist Episcopal and the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and four acres at the ferry landing, and perhaps other small tracts for public uses. This treaty granted 'to the Wyandottes the privilege of becoming citizens, and the country was opened to the settlement by the whites upon buying lands of such Indians as chose to sell, the Government having no land in the reservation subject to entry. About the same time the lands lying south of the Kansas River became subject to settlement by a treaty between the United States and the Shawnees. The Delawares holding the lands west of and adjoining the Wyan- dotte Reservation continued to possess them, and in May, 1860, by treaty each member of the tribe was assigned eighty acres of land, to be held in severalty, and preference of purchasing the remainder of the Delaware land, at not less that $1. 25 per acre, was given to the Leavenworth, Pawnee & Western Railroad Company. By means of the purchase of this company, a slight settlement of that part of the county by the whites commenced soon after. By a subsequent treaty with the Delawares dated June 4, 1806, the Secretary of the Interior was authorized to sell what then remained unsold of the Delaware lands to the Missouri River Railroad Compan}-, at not less than $2. 50 per acre. Accordingly, by the terms of the treaty, in order to vest every holder of the real estate with a title from the Government, all the lands were deeded in trust to Alexander Colwell, ^1 ;iv ^'*4^ »^ and he gave a deed to each tndian holding an allotment under the treaty of 1860. The lands then remaining unsold and unoccupied were sold at $2.50 per acre to the railroad syndicate, consisting of Tom Scott, of Pennsylvania; Thomas Price, Len T. Smith, Alex Colwell, Oliver A. Hart and others to the number of thirteen. These lands then came into market, and the settlement of that part of the county became more rapid. The following is a full copy of the treaty with the Wyandotte Indians: Franklin Pierce, President of ilie United States of America, To all and singular to ichoni these presents shall come, greeting: Whereas a treaty vpas made and concluded at the city of Washing- ton, on the thirty- tirst day of January, one thousand eight hundred and lifty-live, by George W. Mannypenny, as commissioner on the part of the United States, and the following-named chiefs and delegates of the Wyandott tribe of Indians, viz. : Tau-roo-mee, Mathew Mudeater, John Hicks, Silas Armstrong, George I. Clark and Joel Walker, they being thereto duly authorized by said tribe, which treaty is in the words following, to- wit: Articles of agreement and convention made and concluded at the city of Washington on the thirty first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, by George W. Mannypenny, as commis- sioner on the part of the United States, and the following-named chiefs and delegates of the Wyandott tribe of Indians, viz. : Tau- roo-mee, Mathew Mudeater, John Hicks, Silas Armstrong, George I. Clark and Joel Walker, they being duly authorized by said tribe: Article 1. The Wyandott Indians having become sufficiently ad- vanced in civilization, and being desirous of becoming citizens, it is hereby agreed and stipulated, that their organization, and their rela- tions with the United States as an Indian tribe, shall be dissolved and terminated; except so far as the further and temporary continuance of the same may be necessary in the execution of some of the stipulations herein, and from and after the date of such ratification, the said Wy- andott Indians, and each and every one of them, except as hereinafter provided, shall be deemed, and are hereby declared, to be citizens of the United States, to all intents and purposes; and shall be entitled to all the rights, privileges and immunities of such citizens; and shall, in all respects, be subject to the laws of the United States, and of the Territory of Kansas, in the same manner as other citizens of said Territory; and the jurisdiction of the United States, and of said Ter- ^c- ^fV^ ^ ritory, shall be extended over the Wyandott country, in the same man- ner as over other parts of said Territory. But such of the said Indians as may so desire and make application accordingly, to the commission- ers hereinafter provided for, shall be exempt from the immediate op- erations of the preceding provisions, extending citizenship to the Wy- andott Indians, and shall have continued to them the assistance and protection of the United States, and an Indian agent in their vicinity, for such a limited period, or periods of time, according to the circum- stances of the case, as shall be determined by the commissioner of In- dian afPairs; and on the expiration of such period, or periods, the said exemption, protection and assistance shall cease, and said persons shall then, also, become citizens of the United States; with all the rights and privileges, and subject to the obligations, above stated and defined. Article 2. The Wyandott Nation hereby cede and relinquish to the United States all their rights, title and interest in and to the tract of country sitiiate in the fork of the Missouri and Kansas Elvers, which was purchased by them of the Delaware Indians, by an agree- ment dated the fotirteenth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and forty-three, and sanctioned by a joint resolution of Con- gress, approved July twenty-fifth, one thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, the object of which cession is, that the said lands shall be subdivided, assigned and reconveyed, by patent in fee simple, in the manner hereinafter provided for, to the individuals and members of the Wyandott Nation, in severalty, except as follows, viz. : The portion now enclosed and used as a public burying ground shall be permanently reserved and appropriated for that purpose; two acres, to include the church building of the Methodist Episcopal Church, including the burying ground connected therewith, are hereby reserved, granted and conveyed to that church, and two acres, to include the church building of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, are hereby reserved, granted and conveyed to said church. Four acres at and adjoining the Wyandott ferry, across, and near the mouth of the Kansas River, shall also be reserved, and together with the rights of the Wyandotts in said ferry, shall be sold to the highest bidder, among the Wyandott people, and the proceeds of sale paid over to the Wyandotts. On the payment of the purchase money in full, a good and sutificient title to be secured and conveyed to the purchaser, by patent from the United States. Article 3. As soon as practicable, after the ratification of this agreement, the United States shall cause the lands ceded in the pre- A 156 HISTORY OF KANSAS. ceding article to be surveyed into sections, half and quarter sections, to correspond with the public surveys in the Territory of Kansas; and three commissioners shall be appointed, one by the United States, and two by the Wyandott council, whose duty it shall be to cause any additional surveys that may be necessary, and to make a fair and just division and distribution of the said lands among all the individ- uals and members of the Wyandott tribe; so that those assigned to, or for each, shall, as nearly as possible, be equal in quantity, and also in value, irrespective of the improvements thereon; and the division ' and assignment of the lands shall be so made as to include the houses, and, as far as practicable, the other improvements, of each person or family; be in as regular and compact a form as possible, and in- clude those for each separate family all together. The judgment and decision of said commissioners, on all questions connected with the division and assignment of said lands, shall be final. On the completion of the division and assignment of the lands, as aforesaid, said commissioners shall cause a plat and schedule to be made, showing the land assigned to each person or family, and the quantity thereof. They shall also make carefully prejsared lists of all the individuals and members of the Wyandott tribe — those of each separate family being arranged together — which lists shall exhibit, separately, first, those families, the heads of which the commissioners, after due, inquiry and consideration, shall be satisfied are snfficiently intelligent, competent and prudent to control and manage their affairs and interests, and also all persons without families. Second, those families, the heads of which are not competent and proper persons to be entrusted with their shares of the money paya- ble under this agreement; and, third, those who are orphans, idiots or insane. Accurate copies of the lists of the second and third of the above classes shall be furnished by the commissioners to the Wyandott council, whereupon said council shall proceed to appoint or designate the proper person or persons to be recognized as the representatives of those of the second class, for the purpose of receiving andjaroperly applying the sums of money due and payable to, or for them, as hereinafter provided, and, also, those who are to be entrusted with the guardian- ship of the individuals of the third class and the custody and man- agement of their rights and interests; the said acts or proceedings of the council, duly authenticated, to be forwarded to the commissioner of Indian affairs and filed in his office; and the same shall be annu- ally revised by the said council until the payment of the last install- - di- luent of the moneys payable to the Wyandotts, under this agreement, and said change, or changes made therein, as may from casualties or otherwise become necessary, such revisions and changes, duly au- thenticated, to be communicated to, and subject to the approval of the commissioner of Indian affairs. The said commissioner shall likewise prepare a list of all such persons and families, among the Wyandott people, as may apply to be temporarily exempted from citizenship, and for continued protection and assistance from the United States, and an Indian agent as provided in the first article of this agreement. The agent through whom same is to be furnished, shall be designated by the commissioner of Indian affairs. The aforesaid plat and schedule, and list of persons, didy au- thenticated by the commissioners, shall be forwarded to the commis- sioner of Indian affairs, and be tiled in his ofiSce, and copies of the said plat and schedule, and of the list of persons temporarily exempted from citizenship and entitled to the continued protection and assist- ance of the United States, and an Indian agent, duly attested by the commissioners, shall be tiled by them in each of the offices of the secretary of the Territory of Kansas, and the clerk of the county in which the Wyandott lands are situated. Article 4. On the receipt by the commissioner of Indian affairs of the plat and schedule and list of persons, and of the first proceedings of the Wyandott council, mentioned in the next preceding article, patents shall be issued by the general land office of the United States, under the advisement of the commissioner of Indian affairs, to the individuals of the Wyandott tribe for the lands severally assigned to them, as provided for in the third article of this agreement, in the following manner, to wit. : To those reported by the commissioners to be competent to be entrusted with the control and management of their affairs and interests, the patents shall contain an absolute and unconditional grant in fee simple, and shall be delivered to them by the commissioner of Indian affairs as soon as they can be prepared and recorded in the general land office; but to those not so competent, the patents shall contain an express condition that the lands are not to be sold or alienated for a period of five years, and not then with- out the express consent of the President of the United States first being obtained, and the said patents may be withheld by the com- missioners of Indian affairs, so long as in his judgment they being so withheld may be made to operate beneficially upon the character and conduct of the individuals entitled to them. D "V lo8 HISTORY OF KANSAS. None of the lands to be thus assigned and patented to the Wyan- dotts shall be subject to taxation for a period of five years from and after the organization of a State government over the territory where they reside; and those of the incompetent classes shall not be aliened or leased for a longer period than two years, and shall be exempt from levy, sale or forfeiture, until otherwise provided by State legislation, with the assent of Congress. Article 5. Disinterested persons, not to exceed three, shall he appointed by the commissioner of Indian affairs to make a just and fair appraisement of the parsonage houses, and other improvements connected therewith, on the Wyandott land, belonging to the Method- ist Episcopal Church and the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, the amount of which appraisements shall be paid to the said churches, respectively, by the individual or individuals of the "Wyandott tribe, to whom the land on which said houses and improvements are or shall have been assigned under the provisions of this agreement; said pay- ments to be made within a reasonable time, in one or more install- ments, to be determined by said appraisers, and, until made in full, no payment or other evidence of title to the lands so assigned to said individual or individuals shall be issued or given to them. Akticle 6. The Wyandott Nation hereby relinquish and release the United States from all their rights and claims to annuity, school moneys, blacksmith establishments, assistance and materials, employ- ment of an agent for their benefit, or any other object or thing of a national character, and from all the stipulations and guarantees of that character provided for or contained in former treaties, as well as from any and all other claims or demands whatsoever, as a nation, arising under any treaty or transaction between them and the Govern- ment of the United States, in consequence of which release and relin ■ quishment the United States hereby agree to pay to the Wyandott Nation the sum of three hundred and eighty thousand dollars, to be equally distributed and paid to all the individuals and members of the said nation in three annual installments, payable in the month of October, commencing the present year; the shares of the families, whose heads the commissioners shall have decided not to be compe- tent and proper persons to receive the same, and those of orphans, idiots, and insane persons, to be paid to and receij)ted for by the in- dividuals designated or appointed by the Wyandott council to act as their representatives and guardians. Such part of the annuity, under the treaty of one thousand eight t - — =^=^1^ ^ ~ I ■WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 159 hundred and forty-two, as shall have accrued and may remain unpaid at the date of the payment of the iirst of the above mentioned in- stallments, shall then be paid to the Wyandotts, and be in full and a final discharge of said annuity. Article 7. The sum of one hundred thousand dollars, invested under the treaty of one thousand eight hundred and fifty, together with any accumulation of said principal sum, shall be paid over to the Wyan- dotts, in like manner with the three hundred and eighty thousand dollars, mentioned in the next preceding article; but in two eqiial annual installments, commencing one year after the payment of the last installment of the said above-mentioned sum. In the meantime, the interest on the said invested fund, and on any accumulation thereof, together with the amount which shall be realized from the disposition of the ferry and the land connected therewith, the sale of which is provided for in the second article of this agreement, shall be paid over to the Wyandott council, and applied and expended by regular appropriation of the legislative committee of the AVyandott Nation for the support of schools, and for other purposes of a strictly national or public character. Ahticle 8. The persons to be included in this treaty, regarding the payment of money to be divided and paid under the pro- visions of this agreement, shall be such only as are actual mem- bers of the Wyandott Nation, their heirs and legal representatives, at the date of the ratification hereof, and as are entitled to share in the property and funds of said nation, according to the laws, usages and customs thereof. Article 9. It is stipulated and agreed that each of the individuals, to whom reservations were granted by the fourteenth article of the treaty of March seventeenth, one thousand eight hundred and forty- two, or their heirs or legal representatives, shall be permitted to select and locate said reservations on any government lands west of the States of Missouri and Iowa, subject to pre-emption and settlement, said reservations to be patented by the United States, in the names of the reservees, as soon as practicable after the selections are made; and the reservees, their heirs or proper representatives, shall have the un- restricted right to sell and convey the same whenever they may think proper; but in cases where any of said reservees may not be suffi- ciently prudent and competent to manage their affairs in a proper manner, which shall be determined by the Wyandot council, or where anv of them have died, leaving minor heirs, the said council shall 160 HISTORY OF KANSAS. appoint proper and discreet persons to act for such incompetent per- sons, and minor heirs, in the sale of the reservations and the custody and management of the proceeds thereof, the persons so appointed to have full authority to sell and dispose of the reservations in such cases, and to make and execute a good and valid title thereto. The selections of said reservations, upon being reported to the sur- veyor-general of the district in which they are made, shall be entered upon the township plats, and reported without delay to the commis- sioner of the general land office, and patents issued to the reservees accordingly. And any selections of, settlements upon, or claim to land included in any of said reservations, made by any person or per- sons, after the same shall have been selected liy the reservees, their heirs or legal representatives, shall be null and void. Article 10. It is expressly understood that all the expenses con- nected with the subdivision and assignment of the Wyandott lands, as provided for in the third article hereof, or with any other measure or proceeding, which shall be necessary to carry out the provisions of this agreement, shall be borne and defrayed by the Wyandotts, except those of the survey of the lands into sections, half and quarter sec- tions, the issue of the patents, and the employment of the commis- sioner to be appointed by the United States; which shall l)e paid by the United States. Akticle 11. This instrument shall be obligatory on the contract- ing parties, whenever the same shall be ratified by the President and the Senate of the United States. In testimony whereof, the said George W. Mannypenny, commis- sioner as aforesaid, and the said chiefs and delegates of the Wyan- dott tribe of Indians, have hereunto set their hands and seals, at the place and on the day and year hereinbefore written: George W. Mannypenny, [l. s. Tau-boo-mee, his X mark, [l. s. Mathew Mudeatee, his X mark, [l. s. John Hicks, his X mark, [l. s. Silas Armstrong, • [l. s. George I. Clark, [l. s. Joel Walker, [l. s. Executed in presence of A. Gumming, Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Egbert S. Neighbors, Special Agent. Will P. Eoss, Cherokee Delegate. J. F. Cochrane. "IT. T^ ^ ■WYANDOTTE COUNTY. IBl And, Whereas, the said treaty having been submitted to the Senate of the United States, for its constitutional action thereon, the Senate did on the twentieth day of February, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, advise and consent to the ratification of its articles, by the following resolution : In executive session. Senate of the United States, February 20, 1855. Resolved (two-thirds of the Senators present concurring), That the Senate advise and consent to the ratification of the articles of agreement and convention made and concluded at the city of Wash- ington, on the thirty-first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, by George W. Mannypenny, as commissioner on the part of the United States, and the following named chiefs and dele- gates of the Wyandott tribe of Indians, viz.: Tauroo-mee, Mathew Mudeater, John Hicks, Silas Armstrong, George I. Clark and Joel Walker, they being thereto duly authorized by said tribe. AsBURY Dickens, Secretary. Now, therefore, be it known, that I, Franklin Pierce, President of the United States of America, do, in pursuance of the advice and con- sent of the Senate as expressed in their resolution of February twentieth, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, accept, ratify, and confirm the said treaty. In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the United States to be hereto affixed, having signed the same with my hand. [l.s. ] Done at the city of Washington, this first day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, and of the Independence of the United States, the seventj'- ninth. By the President, Franklin Pierce. W. L. Marcy, Secretarij. Soon after the Wyandottes ceded their lands to the Government, in 1855, the surveyor-general for the Territory of Kansas, Mr. John Cal- houn, came here and established his office in a double log house which stood at what is now the northeast corner of State Avenue and Fourth Street, partly in the street. The same year Col. Charles A. Manners and Joseph Ludlow accompanied by Mr. Thomas J. Barker, a pioneer citizen still living in old 'Wyandotte, and others, surveyed and estab- lished the line between the present States of Kansas and Nebraska from the Missouri River west to the point selected by them for the crossing of the Sixth Principal Meridian. One of these gentlemen then extended the meridian northward and the other extended it south- i> "V ' lt)2 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. ward. North of the base line (now State line) they ran standard par- allels from the meridian line to the Missouri River at intervals of twenty- four miles; and south of the base line they ran standard par- allels from the meridian line to the Missouri River at intervals of thirty miles, all this preparatory to subdividing the territory into townships and ranges. As soon as the second standard parallel south of the base line was run and established, contracts were let to deputy United States surveyors for the subdivision and sectionizing of the AVyandotte reservation. The first contract for this purpose was awarded to Deputy Surveyor Colwell, who in the same year sur- veyed and subdivided fractional Township 10 south, Range 25 east. Contracts were let to other deputy surveyors, and the subdivision of the reservation was soon thereafter completed. A contract was let to Mr. , who employed Thomas J. Barker, now of Kansas City, Kas., to assist him, but on going to his work he by mistake went to a town- ship that had been surveyed, and did actually resurvey a portion of it, claiming that it was in his contract; on being convinced of his error, he stopped work, got on a •• big drunk," and made no further sur- vey of the reservation. After the surveys were completed, and the Indians received titles to the lands ' allotted to them in the last treaty, they began, in the winter of 1856-57, to dispose of their lands to the white settlers. However, as they were not obliged to sell, some of them remained as long as they lived. But the great bulk of them sold out, and moved to their present location in the Indian Territory, where it is said that over 200 of them yet survive. While speaking of the early settlers of Wyandotte County, it is well to mention a number of prominent Wyandotte Indians, who were civilized and considerably enlightened, had improved the country, were here and became citizens by treaty in 1855, when the settlement by the whites actually began. They had dropped their Indian titles and assumed English names. Among the most prominent ones who had settled on and about the present site of the city of Kansas, were William Walker, once a chief of the Wyandottes, who lived on what is now Halleck Street, south of Troup Avenue, and Joel Walker, his brother, who lived west of Third Street, between Oakland and Everett Avenues, and Isaiah Walker, their nephew, who lived on Freeman Avenue, between Eighth and Ninth Streets. Matthew R. Walker lived where Fowler's large residence now stands, west of Walnut Street and near Troup Avenue. Silas Armstrong lived at the present -*^^ northwest corner of Minnesota Avenue and Fifth Street in a brick house. Mrs. Matilda Hicks lived on the north side of Quindaro Boulevard, between Eighth and Ninth Streets. Isaac W. Brown lived on the southeast corner of State and Fourth Streets, and the council - house stood on the northeast corner of the same streets. The council - house was a frame building. Matthias Splitlog lived on what was then known as Splitlog' s Hill. He was a Mohawk Indian, but his wife was a Wyandotte. Mrs. Hannah Armstrong, the mother-in-law of Splitlog, lived in what is now the southern part of the city on a tract of land traversed by the Union Pacific Railway. Mrs. Lucy B. Arm- strong resided at what is now called Wyandotte Place, near the North- western depot, her present residence. Charles B. Garrett, a white man who married a sister of the Walkers, resided east of Seventh Street, between Virginia and Gar- field Avenues. H. M. Northrup, also a white man, and now the presi- dent of the Northrup Banking Company, who had previously settled on the Missouri side of the river, settled in Wyandotte in 1855, and lived in a log house on the south side of what is now Minnesota Ave- nue, at the crossing of Eighth Street. At the same time Isaac Zane, a Wyandotte, lived in a brick house on what is known as the Hurla tract. It is said of him. that he worked seven years in the vain at- tempt to invent perpetual motion. George I. Clark, a Wyandotte, lived north of the present Quindaro Boulevard, between Seventeenth and Eighteenth Streets, where E. D. Brown now resides. In the spring of 1858 the erysipelas prevailed in this new settlement with much fatality, and among those who died with the disease were Mr. Clark and his wife and daughter. Mr. Charles B. Garrett and Mr. H. M. Northrup, being connected with the Wyandottes by marriage, were adopted as members of their tribe and council. The others mentioned were mostly half-breeds with the whites, and, therefore, have been prominently mentioned here as early settlers. The following communication, wi'itten by Mr. D. B. Hadley, and which was published in the Kansas City Globe of February 10, 1890, gives considerable information concerning the noted Indian named Splitlog, and some others. It reads as follows: '• In 1857 the AVyandotte City Company bought the land out of which they platted Wyandotte City. While negotiating with owners of prop- erty here, the secretary of the company, W. T. Roberts, applied to Matthias Splitlog to purchase his allotment, which lies in the south- eastern part of the land desired for the city. Splitlog listened atten- tively to the proposition to purchase his land, and when the time came for him to say whether he would accept it or not, all that could be got out of him were the words, 'Good for you, good for me.' So he kept his land. He lived at that time on what is known as Split] og's Hill. His log house stood between Barnett and Tauromee Avenues and Fourth and Fifth Streets. It commanded a view of the Kaw and Missouri Valleys for miles, and Kansas City, Mo. Here he lived until 1860, the dry year, when he built for George P. Nelson a small steam- boat, to ply on the upper waters of the Missouri Eiver. When this boat was launched in 1860, hew.ent as engineer, and George Schreiner went as pilot on her. Mr. Nelson was captain. In the early part of 1861 she plied between Atchison and Wyandotte, in the transportation of aid goods sent to Kansas sufferers. Capt. Nelson said he did not want a more skillful engineer than Splitlog. " In the fall of 1861 the Union troops were intrenched at Lexington, Mo., under Col. Mulligan. Price was marching on that place. Squads were sent out by Mulligan to press into service everybody and every- thing that could help defend. Nelson's boat was pressed into service here, to carry men and supplies down the Missouri Eiver to Lexington. Sj)litlog and Schreiner were both on the boat, and compelled to act as engineer and pilot. They ran the boat down to Lexington just before Price surrounded it with his army, and had to remain there until Mul- ligan surrendered, when they were paroled with the other prisoners. Splitlog was paroled at 8 a. m., and at 2 p. m. he was on the .streets at Wyandotte. He had come the forty miles between Lexington and Wyandotte in six hours on foot. Schreiner lost an arm during the siege. A cannon ball from Price's battery came ricochetting toward him, and struck his arm just below the shoulder, taking it off. Many anecdotes are told of Splitlog' s shrewdness. Two years ago he had agreed to sell seventy acres of land along the west bank of the Kaw for 1140,000, to a company from Kansas City, Mo. Thej' were to meet to close the trade at Northrup's bank at 10 a. m. on a certain day. " Splitlog was there before the time, and kept his eye on the clock. Punctually as the hour hand pointed 10 o'clock, the other party not being there, he put on his hat and walked down Minnesota Avenue. Just this side of Third Street he met the purchasers on their route over to close the trade. They told him they were ready to close up. He replied: 'Can't do it to-day.' Knowing it was no use to argue with him, they asked him when he would attend to it. He replied: 'Morrow, 10 o'clock.' So they departed, and were sure to show up when 10 o'clock came. On meeting at Northrup's, they informed him they were all ready. In his usual laconic style he said: 'Can't sell for §140,000; must have $160,000.' Knowing he could not be moved, they raised $20,000 more, and produced the $160,000, which was mostly in greenbacks, with some gold. Quick as he saw the kind of money, he said: 'Can't take paper; must have gold.' Again the company yielded, and drove post haste to Kansas City, Mo., hired six hacks, scraped through enough banks to procure the gold, and drove like Jehus back to Northrup's bank. When the money was piled upon a table, he said to Northrup, 'Count her.' When Northrup counted it and reported it, Splitlog spent a full half hour pawing it over and feasting his eyes on it. Then he said to Northrup, 'Give "em deed.' The trade being complete, he deposited the money with Northrup's bank. He would have opened his eyes wide if he had seen these same teams that brought the gold over receive it again, and drive back to Missouri as soon as Splitlog left Northrup's bank. " Splitlog was not born in the Wyandotte Nation, but was a native of a Canada tribe below Detroit. He was adopted into the Wyandotte Nation in Ohio, prior to coming here in 1843. He married a Wyandotte woman. In 1874 he moved to the Indian Territory with the Wyan- dottes, and owns a large tract of land in the W' yandotte Nation. He has a family of half a dozen children. His eldest son, Jo, died rather suddenly in 1887, just after having returned from court in Wyandotte County to his home in the Territory. A man named Clay had forged the name of Splitlog and his wife to a power of attorney, authorizing Clay to sell their land here, in and near this city. Under this power of attorney, Clay had conveyed two tracts of their land here, one of sev- enty-five acres, and another of fifty to railroad companies. Split- log sued and had the conveyances set aside as void. Several other suits were had between the parties, but Splitlog was always victorious. He prosecuted Clay in Southern Missouri for forgery, had him convicted and sent to the penitentiary for ten years. He is still there serving out his sentence. When Splitlog comes to this city to see after his property he never goes to a hotel, but invariably stops with a negro who became his tenant after he moved to the Indian Territory. He is economical. Besides he seems to have a liking for the colored race, as he has permitted one of his daughters to marry a colored man. "He owns large interests in the western part of Missouri, near the Indian Territory. He has laid out and platted a town there called Splitlog. He has built a railroad from Neosho, Mo. , south about lifty I , 1 -— — -— rrH 166 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. miles. He is now seeking a connection with Kansas City either by building a new road or by joining one already built. It is said that he is worth already $1,000,000, and his real estate is still advancing in value. He is known as the millionaire Indian, and is the only In- dian ever rated at $1,000,000. In religion he is a Catholic. His first sales of land on Splitlog Hill were made to Catholics, one of them being to a pioneer bishop for a church, school and home for the sisters. "He appears to be about one-half white blood. He stands about five feet eight inches, is at least seventy years old, and has a dark, swarthy countenance, but not the usual high cheek bones. Many a foreigner from Italy and France is as dark as he. In a crowd, among strangers, if he kept silent, few would take him for an Indian. He is a born machinist. He had a mill near his house soon after he came here from Ohio, where he ground grists of corn by horse-power, built by himself. It had no covering, but the frame was made of large square timbers. It stood there as late as 1860, but had been out of use several years. He built a saw-mill during the war near Arm- strong, and the motive power was a steam engine jjut in by himself. After he arrived in the Indian Territory he built a saw-mill and a grist mill for both wheat and corn. Both mills were run by steam put in by himself. He is a very quiet man, of very few words, and most strictly honest. The writer of this has heard many years ago what episode it was that gave him the name Splitlog; but as near as he now remembers the legend, it is about like this: At the time of his birth his mother was at work with other Indian women out in the field near a log that had been split open, and as she gave birth to him near that split log, she named him after it. Certain it is he has always borne that name ever since he was adopted into the Wyandotte Nation. He has ever been regarded as an honorable and reliable man. " He has already lived beyond the average age of the leading Wyan- dottes — Silas Armstrong was not much over fifty when he died, in 1866. Matthew Walker must have been only about fifty when he died. Will- iam Walker, his brother, known as "Governor" Walker, was not over sixty-five years old at his death. Very few ever reached seventy. John Sacabass and Mathew Mudeater were not over seventy at their deaths. Tauroomee (or John Hat, as he was anglicized) was as old and perhaps older than any Wyandotte who has died in the last quarter of a century. He was between seventy and eighty. But Splitlog bids fair to reach a greater age than anj' of them. He is still robust and -.\^ _^ 9 i'' WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 167 active. He has no education, not being able to read or write, Imt lie employs a clerk who is educated." On June 4, 1890, James Clark, of Amhurstburg, Canada, a Wyan- dotte Indian, eighty-five years of age, visited Kansas City, Kas. He is a half-brother of George I. Clark, the Wyandotte, who is buried in the Huron Place Cemetery. In company with Mr. H. M. Northrup, Mr. Clark visited the cemetery and saw his brother's grave — perhaps for the last time. The next day he proceeded on his way to the Indian Territory to visit Matthias Splitlog and others. The leading chiefs of the Wyandottes, fi'om the time they settled in 1843, until they became citizens in 1855, were Francis A. Hicks, Tau-roo-mee, James Bigtree, James Washington, Sarahass, George Armstrong, John Gibson. John W. Gray-Eyes. Henry Jaques, Will- iam Walker, Silas Armstrong, George I. Clark, Mathew Mudeater, and George G. Clarke. The first United States agent to the Wyan- dottes, in Kansas, was Maj. Phillips, of Columbus, Ohio; interpreters, John M. Armstrong and George I. Clark. The second United States agent was Dr. Eichard M. Hewitt; the third and last, exclusively for the Wyandottes, Maj. Moselej-. William Walker and Silas Armstrong were interpreters from 1849 to the close of the agency. The following, furnished by D. B. Hadley, now the oldest resident lawyer in Wyandotte County, will be read with interest: •• The Wyandottes were much more advanced in civilization than either the Delawares or Shawnees. They cultivated farms, built houses and barns, planted orchards and opened roads. They owned and worked a ferry over the Kansas River, near its mouth. Several of the more advanced in civilization and learning engaged in mercantile business, in Kansas City and Wyandotte. Among these were Joel Walker, Isaiah Walker and Henry Garrett. One of their number, John M. Armstrong, Avas a lawyer, having studied and practiced in Ohio, before coming here. Silas Armstrong, his brother, was more than half white, well educated, intelligent and wealthy. William Walker, among strangers, would be taken for a full white man. He was educated, had been postmaster in Ohio, and wrote interestingly for newspapers, and frequently delivered lectures of much interest. He was provisional governor, and a member of the Territorial Legis- lature after it was organized. Besides the Indian language, he spoke English and French. A perfect gentlemen in bearing, he lived here until 1875, when he died at the home of a friend in Kansas City. Matthew Walker, his brother, lived on his farm in the northern part ^1 1 168 HISTORY OF KANSAS. of Wyandotte City. His brick residence stood upon an eminence north of Jersey Creek, corresponding to Splitlog's Hill, south of Jer- sey Creek. He died in 1860. Joel Walker, another brother, died in the fall of 1857. George T. Clark lived in Quindaro Township, and died in 1857. Francis Hicks lived about a mile northwest of the mouth of the Kaw, and died in 1855. His father, John Hicks, lived one mile farther west, and died in 1852. Half a mile west of John Hicks was Jacob Whiteerow, who Jived there until he emigrated to the Indian Territory, in 1871. A little southeast of Whiteerow lived Rob- ert Eobitaille, who went to the Indian Territory, with the tribe. He was at one time county treasurer. Noah E. Zane lived about seven miles west of the mouth of the Kaw, and was chiefly noted for the ex- cellent fruit which he raised. He died in 1807. Charles B. Garrett lived just north of Jersey Creek, and a half mile west of the Missouri River. He died in 1868. Esquire Gray-Eyes, the unschooled but learned and eloquent exhorter of the Wyandottes, lived between George I. Clark's and Francis Hicks'. His son, John, was well educated, and often acted as interpreter, going to the Indian Territory with his tribe. Abelard Guthrie, the delegate to the XXXIId Congress, was a white man, but married Quindaro Brown, was adopted into the tribe, and lived with her until 1868, when he went to Washington, where he died about the year 1873. Mathew Mudeater lived two miles west of the mouth of the Kaw. and had an excellent orchard. Of the Delaware Indians, who still live in the county, may be mentioned Lewis Ketch- um, about ten miles west of Wyandotte; Isaac Johnnycake lived ten miles west of Wyandotte till he moved to the Indian Territory, with his tribe, in 1807. He was employed by Gen. Fremont, with twelve others, to pilot the party of explorers over the Rocky Mountains. Be- ing a very warm friend of the 'Pathfinder,' when the war began, he raised a company of thirty Delaware braves, and joined Gen. Fremont. But when his friend was removed, Johnnycake refused to follow his successor, disbanded his troops and went home. From that time he took no part in the war. He was assassinated in the Indian Territory, in 1875. Charles Johnnycake, his brother, lived at the edge of the timber, where the prairie begins, fifteen miles west of Wyandotte. His place was a stage station on the route between Wyandotte and Leaven- worth in 1858."" The first permanent white settler in the territory now composing Wyandotte County was Moses Grinter, who, in 1831, located on the north side of Kansas River, in Section 21, Town 11 south. Range 23 ^^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 169 east, and lived there until Lis death, June 14. 187S. He was sent to this point by the Government to establish and maintain a ferry across the river on the old Fort Scott and Leavenworth military road. He was for many years a lonely white resident among the Indians — the Delawares on the north and the Shawnees on the south side of the river. The general settlement by the whites, however, did not begin until the Wyandotte reservation became subject to settlement under the treaty of 1855. Among the leading white settlers of that year, in addition to those already mentioned with the Wyandottes, were the following: Thomas J. Barker, who came from Virginia, and was the first postmaster of Wyandotte, and who is still living in the city, and Maj. W. P. Overton, from Missouri. John H. Ladd, the father-in- law of Joel Walker, came from Connecticut with his wife and daugh- ters, and lived with Mr. Walker. The latter owned a negro man and woman as slaves. They were the only colored people then on the town site. They lived in a log cabin. In the winter of 1855-56, John MeCalpin, Daniel Killen and Gov. W. Y. Roberts became set- tlers. Hon. Mark Delahay came in 1857, and was afterward ap- pointed by President Lincoln as jiidge of the United States District Court. The same year William L. McMath came from Ohio. About this time A. C. Davis, attorney- general of the Territory, came from New York, and P. Sidney Post came from Illinois. (He was after- ward minister to Vienna.) Also E. R. Smith, a special mail agent, came from Mississippi, Dr. J. E. Bennett from Maryland, John M. Funk and J. W. H. Watson from Pennsylvania, and E. L. Busche from Prussia. J. R. Parr, the first mayor of Wyandotte, George Russell, Dr. J. P. Root, from New England, T. B. Eldridge, F. A. 'Hunt, O. B. Gunn (an engineer). Dr. George B. AVood and John H. Millar all settled here about the year 1857. J. W. Johnson came in 1855, and was subsequently a probate judge. S. A. Cobb and his brother-in-law, Ivan D. Heath, came in 1858. Mr. Cobb subsequently became a member of Congress. J. S. Stockton and Isaac B. Sharp came from Ohio in 1858. Gov. James McGrew, who now lives in a tine residence in the city, surrounded with a magnificent natural lawn, came from Iowa in 1857. Gen. William Weer, from Illinois, settled here in 1856. .\bout the same time the following named persons also settled at Wyandotte City: Dr. F. Speck, John E. Zeitz, Hester A. Halford, Mrs. J. W. Huskins, L. H. Wood, N. A. Rheinecker, C. S. Glick, George D. B. Bowling, Joseph Halford. and others. 1 1 170 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. Early in 1857 the following individuals settled at Quindaro : George W. Veale, V. J. Lane, now of the Wyandotte Herald; S. N. Simp- son, Charles Robinson, Albert D. Richardson, author of " Field, Dungeon and Escape," and '" Beyond the Mississippi;" John W. Wal- den, since agent of the Methodist Book Concern, at Cincinnati; S. C. Smith, who was private secretary of Gov. Robinson; P. T. Colby, appointed United State.s marshal by President Buchanan; Fielding Johnson, agent of the Delawares; Alfred Gray, who was the first mayor of Quindaro; M. B. Newman, Perley Pike, Charles Chadwick, Morris Sherman and Owen C. Russell. As Kansas is a free State, it does not often occur to the minds of people, especially to young people not posted in history, that slavery once existed here. Many of the early settlers who came from the slave States brought their human chattels along and subjected them to slav- ery here, the same as they had done at their former homes. This cus- tom was not sanctioned by law, but on the contrary was actually pro- hibited by the famous law known as the Missouri Compromise. On March 25, 1854, William Walker, the half breed Wyandotte chief, wrote: " Slavery exists here among the Indians and whites in defiance of the compromise of 1820." In 1844, the first year after the Wyandotte Indians occupied their lands here, they selected a beautiful spot of ground on a high ridge, in a shady grove, as a burial place for their dead. Nearly half a cen- tury has since rolled away, and this burial ground is now in the heart of Kansas City, Kas. This cemetery was established when there was much sickness and many deaths in the Wyandotte Nation, in conse- quence of the long protracted rains and great floods in May and June, 1844, and there were many biirials there in both 1844 and 1845, and the graves made then can not now be identified, nor the subsequent graves made for the victims of the cholera in 1850. Mrs. Lucy B. Armstrong, who came with the Wyandottes in 1843, and has lived here ever since, and who is acknowledged by all to be the best author- ity on the eaily history of this county, especially as pertaining to her tribe, says in an article published in the Gazette of June 4, 1890: ' ' To the best of my recollection and belief, I think that between the years of 1844 and 1855 there were at least four hundred interments there, and the most of those graves are not perceptible and can not be identified or even found. There were no tombstones placed there in all those years." Article 2, of the " Treaty between the United States and the Wy- WYANDOTTE COUNTy. 171 andott* Indiaus,"' made January 31, 1855, contains matter pertaining to this cemetery, as referred to on a former page. On behalf of the Wyandottes, Silas Armstrong, Sr. , George I. Clark, Joel Walker, John Hicks, Tauroo-mee and Mathew Mudeater signed that treaty, believing that the question of the permanency of the burying ground was settled for all time, and the four first named died with that belief, and were buried there. Afterward, two of these men, Silas Armstrong and Joel Walker, became members of the Wy- andotte City Company— Mr. Armstrong being its president. The square or block containing the burial ground originally con- tained a small tract west of the latter belonging to H. M. Northrup. From this tract he donated to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, a lot which became the northwest corner of the square, as marked on the original plat of the city. The city company donated the other three corners to other religious denominations, as sites for church buildings, and placed in the deeds of conveyance, as a condition of ownership, a clause providing that the property should ever be held for church purposes. The balance of the square— being the larger portion thereof, and lying east of the burial ground— was donated to the city for a public park, and was named " Huron Place." The donations to the churches were made to prevent encroachments upon the burial ground and park. It was evidently the intention of the donors— the original City Company— to place such safeguards around the burial ground as to forever protect the remains of their dead from disturbance. How far their wishes have been observed may be seen from the fact that the ground given to the First Pres- byterian Church, and that donated by Mi-. Northrup to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has been sold and the proceeds have been used to purchase other sites and erect other edifices; and Huron Place, instead of being used as a park, is now the site of the Central school-house. The stand-pipe of the city water works stands on the same square, directly west of the cemetery, and south of the old site of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. The square or block con- taining these several grounds lies between Minnesota Avenue on the north and Ann Avenue on the south and Sixth Street on the east and Seventh Street on the west. The burial ground comprises about two acres, and averages some twelve feet higher than the streets around the square. It is pleasantly shaded with natural forest trees, such as black walnut, elm and oak. Some of the smaller trees are *So spelkMl ill the treaty! ~ ~~ " 172 HISTORY OF KANSAS. covered with wild grape vines, and the place, in its neglected condi- tion, aside from the headstones and monuments, has the appearance of a primeval forest. It is picturesque, and on account of its eleva- tion, it commands a good view of the surrounding city. There sleep many of the dead of that civilized, enlightened and now almost ex- tinct tribe of Wyandotte Indians, so mixed with the whites that many of them had more white than Indian blood in their veins. Over the graves of Silas Armstrong and wife a costly and handsome monument has recently been erected. On one face of the monument is this in- scription: Silas Armstrong, Died Dec. 14, 1865, Aged 55 Yrs. 11 Mo's, 11 D's. The pioneer of the Wyandott Indians to the Kansas Valley in 1842. The leading man and constant friend of the Indians. A devout Christian and a good Mason. He leaves the craft on earth and goes with joy to the Great Architect. On another face of the monument are the following words: Zelinda Armstrong, Born Dec. 3, 1820. Died Feb. 10, 1883. Over another grave is a tombstone with this inscription: Geo. I. Clark, Head Chief of the Wyandott Nation. Born June 10, 1802. Died January 25, 1858. Catharine, Wife of Geo. I. Clark, died January, 1858. Among others of the tribe and of the pioneer settlers buried here were M. R. Walker, Joel Walker, Charles B. Garrett, James Rankin, George Armstrong, Francis A. and John Hicks, John W. Ladd, wife and daughter, Swan Peacock, James Washington, an old time ruler, and his wife and others. The question now is, "Shall the rest of these long buried aborig- ines of America be broken? Shall their bones be taken from their now beautiful resting place and be transplanted in another spot?" The matter admits of practical thought, and were it not for the dividing sentiment existing in reference thereto, little doubt is felt but that the city authorities would recommend a change of location, as the final burial place for the members of the historic tribe. ?Ji — 1 1® On May 14, 1890, Senator Plumb iotrodaced a joint resolution looking forward to the sale of the graveyard. In the resolution is framed the statement that the old burying ground has become a nuisance, and that a majority of the Wyandotte tribes are in favor of moving the remains of their ancestors, friends and other relatives to a more secluded spot, where they may rest undisturbed forever. The proposition is to effect a sale of their present graveyard, re- move dead therefrom to Quindaro and with the proceeds of sale render the new place more beautiful than the old, and perpetuate the same by endowment. The amount calculated upon from the sale is 1100,000, which amount would amply provide for the fiiture of the new burial spot. There is no doubt but ready purchasers are to be found for the ground as soon as a clear title can be given. Although it is asserted in the resolution that a majorit.y of the survivors of the tribe are in favor of moving the remains of their ancestors, those remaining at Kansas City are believed to be opposed to it. As the Indians have nearly all moved away, leaving only a few cf their representatives here, Huron Place Cemetery has not been extensively used far many years for burial purposes, and in regard to health, it certainly can not be said to be a nuisance. Its continuance can only be objected to on the ground that it is wanted for other purposes. To the practical citizen occurs the thought that necessity demands the change, but in the minds of those whose lives have been linked in that which goes to make up the his- tory of this tribe of Indians, there is a different view. Of those in- terested in this question, none are more prominent than H. M. North- rup, president of the Northrup Banking Comjiany, who has been an adopted member of the tribe ever since 1845, and Mrs. Lucy B. Arm- strong, who was adopted by the tribe in April, 1838, when she was married to J. M. Armstrong, a member of the tribe, at the reservation in Ohio. Mr. Northrup is personally ojiposed to the sale of the cemetery, and thinks that a majority of the surviving Wyandottes are also averse to it. Mrs. Lucy B. Armstrong, residing at Wyandotte place, in Kansas City, Kas., near the Northwestern railroad depot, is now about seventy-two years old. In regard to the sale of Huron Place Cemetery, she speaks for herself as follows: " To remove the ' burying-ground' now would be to scatter the dust of the dead to the winds. What a sacrilege! I remember with reverence many of the good Wyandots buried there, and my heart protests against such a desecration of that sacred ground. Such a sale is repugnant to every ) >y ' ,4^ 174 HISTORY OF KANSAS. sentiment, we cherish for our dead, as well also as being offensive to the highest impulses of a Christian civilization." The tirst marriage in the territory now composing Wyandotte County was that of Hiram M. Northrup to Miss Margaret Clark, a member of the Wyandotte Nation. This marriage was celebrated at the Methodist Episcopal parsonage, November 27, 184:5, by Rev. James Wheeler, missionary for the Wyandottes. The records of the marriages occurring here before the county was organized, were, of course, kept in Leavenworth, the original county. The first marriage certificate recorded in Wyandotte County reads as follows: I hereby certify that on the eleventh day of July, A. D. , 1859, I solemnized the marriage of Mr. John Trasher with Miss Annie Bever- ing, both of Wyandotte City, in the county of aforesaid. Byron Judd, -Justice of the Peace. It is generally amusing to read the marriage certificates of the ministers and justices of the peace among the pioneer settlers of any portion of the country. The queer expressions, the extreme brevity of some, and the long and .specific language of others, give interesting variety. The second certificate recorded was written by a minister who seems to have been fond of capital letters, and not particular about their proper use. It reads as follows: This certifies that on the Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord, Eighteen Hundred and Fifty-nine. Charles H. Suydam and Eliza M. Kinney, Both of Wyandotte City, Kansas Territory, appeared before me at the residence of the Bride's Mother, in said Town, and were duly united in marriage. S. D. Stores. Pastor of 1st Cong. C. H. Wyandotte. The following certificates are noticeable for brevity: I joined in marriage on the 31st July, 1859, Johanna McMahon and John Kineary. John J. Magee, E. C. Pastor, Wyandotte. This was evidently the Roman Catholic priest who did not believe in many words. W. Fish, who was also a Roman Catholic priest, though his official title is not shown by the record, was also a man of few words, as will appear by the following: On the 15th day of June, 1859, Thomas Doody and Maiy Nary were married by me. W. Fish. ^ That equals Magee for brevity, and is very specific so far as it goes, but on a trial requiring proof of relationship, a court might en- quire where these persons were married, and what right W. Fish had to perform the ceremony. In the next certificate Mr. Fish changes his phraseology, and says: On the 3d day of July, A. D. 1S59, were married by rae at Wyan- dotte, Henry Frank and Mary McCann. W. Fish. It appears from the record that the pioneer settlers of the county were rapidly fulfilling the Scriptural injunction to get married, but they took Greeley's advice and went west first, and then got married, and grew up with the country. From the following it seems that the Roman Catholic priest did a good business in "joining together: '' I certify that I married on '2'2d March, 18<50, John P. Faher and Catharine Reser. John J. Magee. Also on February 21st, Honora Walsh and Anthony McGrath. John J. Magee. Also on Sth April, Helen Bradish and Daniel Flemming. John J. Magee. Nest appears one that is full in its details: The Territory of Kansas ) Wyandotte County. ) I hereby certify that on the 19th day of February, A. D. 1860, at the house of Mrs. C. I. H. Nichols, in Quindaro. in said county, James Hicks and Louisa Smith, of said county, were with their mutual con- sent, lawfully joined together in matrimony, which was solemnized by me in the presence of Bertia C. Carpenter and Bessie Mahony. That I ascertained previous to the solemnization of the said marriage that the said parties were of sufficient age to contract the same, and that there appeared no lawful impediments to such marriage. Charles Chadwick, Justice of the Peace for Quindaro Township, Wyandotte County. Evidently this man had studied common law forms, and was par- ticular to have all the facts mentioned. *^m^^ i^s r- A^ 176 HISTORY OF KANSAS. CHAPTER XII. County and Township Organization and Acts of the County BOAKD— Act of the Legislature Creating and Organizing the County of Wyandotte — Election of Temporary County Offi- cers—Old Leavenworth County Records— First Poll Books — The Jail— Early Taxes— Settlement Between Wyandotte and Leavenworth Counties— The Quindaro and Wyandotte Road —Ferry Licenses— Early Election Precincts— Location of THE County Seat— Seal— EIarly Jurors— Proceedings in 1860— Division OF the County Into Commissioner Districts— Purchase , OF the Old Court-House Property on Nebraska Avenue, Wyan- dotte— The Plat oh- Wyandotte Lands Recorded— Grand and Petit Jurors for 1861-62— Election Fi(;ures, 1861— Organization OF Townships. Had I miscarried, I had been a villain; For men judge actions always by events: But when we manage by a just foresight. Success is prudence, and possession right. — Hiyijons. P^.EGISLATIVE action that ijrovided for a con- stitutional convention at Wyandotte City also organized Wyandotte County. The act pio- ^'^ viding for the constitutional convention passed ■ ;i the Leoji.slature first, and the number of dele- ^^^^3^ gates from each county was fixed, when a , ~ >-^ ■ £g^ days afterward the act organizing the county of Wyandotte was passed, the mat- ter of delegates to the convention from the new county was overlooked, and there was consequently no represen- tation in the constitutional convention from this county, though delegates were elected from Wyandotte County, and were refused admission to the convention. These delegates, Dr. J. E. Bennett and Dr. J. B. Welborn, were elected by a small majority, being Democrats. The candidates on the Republican ticket were Gov. W. Y. Roberts and Col. Fielding Johnson. ^ -^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 177 As statod in a Legislative act quoted below, Wyandotte County was formed from territory previously belonging to Leavenworth and Jobnson Counties. The lirst election under the new organization was held on February 28, 1859. J. W. Johnson was elected probate judge; Marshall A. Garrett, county clerk; W. L. McMath, county attorney; Samuel E. Forsythe, sheriff; Robert Robitaille, county treasurer; W. J. Lane, register of deeds; J. B. Welborn, superin- tendent of schools, and Cyrus Gorton, surveyor. Following is a copy of "An act creating and organizing the Coun- ty of Wyandotte." "iJe it enacted by the Governor and Legislative Assembly of tlie Terri- tory of Kansas. "Section 1. That a county to be called Wyandotte be hereby erected, including that portion of Leavenworth and Johnson Counties within the following limits: Commencing at a point in the middle of the channel of the Missouri River, where the north line of the Delaware reserve intersects the same; running thence west on said reserve line to the line between ranges twenty two (22) and twenty-three (23); thence south on said range line to the south boundary of Leavenworth County; thence eastwardly on said boundary to the main channel of the Missou- ri River; thence northwardly with the said main channel to the place of beginning. Also that portion of Johnson County lying north of the township line between Townships eleven (11) and twelve (12) east of Range twenty-three (23). "Sec. 2. That an election shall be held in the various precincts in said county of Wyandotte, on the fourth Tuesday of February, ISfiQ, for the election of county officers, who shall hold their offices, respect- ively, until the next general election of county officers, as prescribed by law. "Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of the present supervisors of each township in said county of Wyandotte to appoint two clerks and provide places to hold said special election and to act as judge of the same, observing the general election laws except as herein otherwise provided, and on the first Friday of the election, the chairman of all the boards of judges shall meet in Wyandotte City, at the Eldridge House, and canvass the votes and issue certificates to the persons duly elected, and transmit to the secretary of the Territory a true copy of the canvass showing who were elected to the various offices of said county. "Sec. 4. That the tenure of all other than county officers with- ~S> ^ ' rfLL, in said county shall in nowise be affected by the provisions of this act. " Sec. 5. That it shall be the duty of the clerk of Leavenworth County, as soon as practicable after the organization of Wyandotte County, to transmit to the clerk of said county the papers in all suits which may be pending in the probate court of Leavenworth County wherein both parties reside in Wyandotte County, together with a cer- tified transcript of all the entries on record in each case, which causes, when so certified, shall be tried and disposed of in the same manner as though they had been commeaced in the county of Wyandotte. It shall further be the duty of the clerk of Leavenworth County in like manner to transmit to the clerk of Wyandotte County the papers and documents, together with a certified transcript of all entries in said cause pertaining to probate business, in all cases wherein the descend- ants' last place of residence was within the limits of said county of Wyandotte, there to be disposed of according to law. " Sec. 6. That it shall be the duty of the clerk of the District Court of the United States in and for Leavenworth County, as soon as practicable after the organization of the county of Wyandotte, to trans- mit to the clerk of the district court in and for said count}' of Wyan- dotte a certified transcript of the record and of all the papers in each and every case pending in said court wherein the parties thereto reside in said county of Wyandotte, to be disposed of in the same manner as though the same had originally been commenced in the county of Wyandotte. ' ' Sec. 7. That it is hereby made the duty of the recorders in the counties of Leavenworth and Johnson to make out and transmit to the recorder of Wyandotte County as soon as practicable a true copy of the records of all deeds, mortgages, deeds of trust, bonds and other writings in relation to real estate or any interest therein being within the limits of Wyandotte County as above described, and the said re- corders are authorized to procure suitable books for that purpose, and such clerks and recorders shall be entitled to compensation for said service from the county of Wyandotte at the usual legal rates. ' ' Sec. 8. The city of Wyandotte shall be the temporary county seat until a permanent county seat shall be established. "Sec. 9. That at the next election for members of the Territorial Legislature, the people of said county shall vote for permanent county- seats, and the place receiving the highest number of all the votes cast shall be the permanent county seat of Wyandotte County. "Sec. 10. That portion of any precinct divided by the county lines, and being within Wyandotte County, shall be attached to the precinct adjoining in said county of Wyandotte for election and other purposes until otherwise ordered. "Sec. 11. That the county of Wyandotte shall be liable for all the money appropriated by the county of Leavenworth to be expended within the limits of said county of Wjaiidotte, and that all taxes now assessed within said county of Wyandotte shall be paid into the treas- ury of said county. "Sec 12. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage." This act was approved by Gov. Samuel Medary, January 29, 1859. Following is a copy of the record of the meeting of the supervisors to canvass the vote cast at the election of temporary county officers under the provisions of the above act: ■' At a meeting of the county board of supervisors in and for the county of Wyandotte and Territory of Kansas, held at the Eldridge House in the city of Wyandotte, on February 25, A. D. 1859, present George Russell and George W. Veale, acting in place of Alfred Gray. " The first business was the appointment of chairman of the board, and on motion George Russell was appointed chairman of said board and Myron J. Pratt acting secretai-y. " The board then proceeded to the canvassing of the votes cast at the election of county officers held in the county of Wyandotte, on the 22d day of February, A. D. 1859, after which the following named persons were declared duly elected to fill the offices as desig- nated, and the certificates of their election were ordered to be given as follows, to wit: "For probate judge, Jacques W. Johnson; for sherifp, Samuel E. Forsythe; for clerk of the board of supervisors, Marshall A. Garrett; for register of deeds, Vincent J. Lane; for county attorney, William L. McMath; for treasurer, Robert Robitaille; for surveyor, Cyrus L. Gorton; for coroner, George B. Wood; for superintendent of common schools, Jacob B. Welborn. " March 5 of this year (1859), the board of supervisors met in the clerk's office and ordered as follows: "That the county attorney be and is herebj' instructed to lease the room on the corner of Nebraska Avenue and Third Street from S. D. McDonall, for the term of one year, at §150 per annum, for the use s^ e r- ^% i) \ A liL 180 HISTORY OF KANSAS. of the officers of Wyandotte County; also the one now occupied by the county attorney, over the post-office, up to the first of January, 1860, for the use of said officer, at $5 per month. " That the chairman and clerk be and are hereby authorized to procure suitable furniture and stationery for the use of the county officers. ' ' That the board of supervisors of Leavenworth County be re- quested to cause all records, documents and papers to be copied, cer- tified and transmitted to the clerk of Wyandotte County, which are required to be so copied and transmitted by an act entitled, 'An act creating and organizing the county of Wyandotte,' passed January 21), A. D. 1859." The minutes were attested by Marshall A. Garrett, clerk, and George Russell and Alfred Gray, supervisors. About this time it was ordered by the board that the chairman and the clerk go to Leavenworth and procure the records and papers re- quired by law to be copied and transmitted to the clerk of this county. Fifty dollars, or so much thereof as might be necessary, was the sum approi^riated to pay the expenses of this mission. March 19 it was ordered by the board that the chairman of the board and the county attorney be authorized and empowered to make such arrangements to send out of the county the insane persons, in charge of Mr. Bernstein, as they might deem proper, and the sum of 125, or so much of it as might be necessary, was appropriated for such use. March 22 it was ordered that the clerk provide two poll books for each township in the county, and deliver the same to the sheriff for distribution at the elec- tion to be held March 28, 1859, under the provisions of an act to form a State constitution for the State of Kansas. It was ordered, April 18, that the chairman, in connection with the sheriff, be author- ized to rent or procure a suitable place to be used as the county jail, the building then in use being declared unfit for such purpose. April 30, 1200, or so much of that sum as might be required, was appro- priated, "out of the first moneys received in the county treasury," to be paid to Mr. Dollsworth, of Leavenworth, for county books. On motion, Alfred Gray was ajypointed "to correspond with some person competent to build an iron jail." June 15 the board imposed a license of 150 for each dram shop, saloon or tippling house. The salary of the probate judge was fixed at ISOO per annxim, but this order was rescinded April 2, 1860. The salary of the clerk of the board of supervisors was fixed at $400. It was resolved by the board that ' ' the township, county and territorial and poll taxes levied by the authori- WYANDOTTE CODNTY. 181 tit-s within the territory includpd in Quindaro Township, before said township was set off from Wyandotte Township, be, and the same is hereby ordered to be transferred to the treasurer of said Quindaro Township for collection, and that the said treasurer be instructed to copy and transfer the same as aforesaid, said taxes to be distributed by him according to law, the township and poll taxes to be expended in Quindaro Township by the authorities thereof." Delos N. Barnes, Monroe Salisbury and Francis Kessler were appointed commissioners to survey and locate a county road from some point on a line dividing Sections 31 and 32 in Township 10 south. Range '25 east, extending in a southerly direction to the bridge across the Kansas River. It was ordered that the county of Leavenworth be requested to send the amount of the indebtedness of Wyandotte County to Leavenworth County, according to the provisions of the act organizing Wyandotte County. Three thousand dollars was appropriated out of the county treasury for the purpose of paying certain notes held by Leonard Lake, Thomas J. Williams and C. R. Stuckslager, and indorsed by Root, Roberts. Killen and others, money to that amount having been borrowed for improvements made in the county. Under date of August 1, 1859. William Tholen, county treasurer of Leavenworth County, certified that he had received from the repre- sentatives of Wyandotte County $912.81, in Leavenworth County war- rants, and an order for $142 on the treasurer of Wyandotte County, on account of the indebtedness of Wyandotte County to Leavenworth County. July 29, it was ordered that the debt then due fi-om the township of Wyandotte, for the creating and opening of "the southern road," be assumed b_v the county of Wyandotte, in consideration of the payment to Leavenworth County by the said township of the sum of $1,054.80, which sum the township then held in Leavenworth County orders. A finance committee, consisting of two members of the Leavenworth County board of supervisors, called upon Wyandotte County to '"settle all demands against Wyandotte County, according to the act organizing the county of Wyandotte," and on the day last mentioned it was ordered by the board that an order be drawn by the treasurer, and that a receipt be taken therefor. The bills of commis- sioners, authorized to survey and locate a road from Quindaro to the Wyandotte bridge, were allowed as follows: D. N. Barnes, $12; Francis Kessler, $12; Monroe Salisbury, $12; P. Pike, $1.50; S. Mc- Kee, $1.50; Eli McKee, $1.50; survey and plan, $20. It was resolved that Delps N. Barnes, Francis Kessler and Monroe Salisbury, com- > \ " missioners, heretofore appointed .to view a road commencing on the section line dividing Sections 31 and 32, in Township 10 south, Range 25 east, running thence southerly to the KavF River, be instructed to begin on said section line, lifty-four rods north of the quarter-section corner, and run thence 'east to the half-section line dividing the land of the heirs of George I. Clark, deceased, and John Hicks and others, south to intersect the road near the parallel located by said commis- sioners, a plat of which was tiled in the office of the board of super- visors, June 28, 1859. September 2, 1859, Barzillai Gray was declared elected to till a vacancy in the office of probate judge, occasioned by the death of Jacques W. Johnson. September 20 it was resolved by the board that the survey and plat of the county road, made by Delos N. Barnes, Francis Kessler and Monroe Salisbury, commissioners, and tiled on that day, be adopted, and the said road was declared located accord- ing to said survey, and the townships through which it extended were ordered to open it for public travel. '" Fifteen hundred dollars was appropriated for roads and bridges, from Qnindaro to the Wyandotte bridge. License of ferries w^s fixed at $25 per annum. The tem- perance feeling of the board was demonstrated by the resolution, that "the county attorney is hereby instructed to strictly enforce the requirements of the act to restrain dram shops and taverns, and regulate the sale of intoxicating liquors, approved February 11, 1859, and he is hereby directed to indict, at the next term of the district court, those persons who fail to take out license and in other respects neglect to comply with the provisions of said law." If this resolution is to be taken literally (and of course it is not), it will be seen to have threatened great hardship and expensive litigation to a vast majority of the citizens of the county. It is presumed that the board meant to have only those indicted who sold liquor without having previously complied with the law. At a special meeting of the board of supervisors, on October 11, it was resolved that all that portion of Wyandotte Township south of the Kansas River be set off as a separate election precinct, the elections to be held at the house of R. H. Dickinson. Luther H. Wood, Willard L. Green and Charles Lovelace were appointed judges of election. At a special meeting, held November 2, it was resolved that the county tax for the ensuing year be one and one-fourth per cent of the taxable personal and real estate. The count}' seat was at the November election, 1859, permanently located in Wyandotte. February 9, 1860, WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 183 Silas Armstrong, on the part of the Wyandotte council, laid before the board of supervisors the matter of the taxes assessed against the lands of the Wyandotte Indians and requested that amicable proceedings in the nature of an agreed case be entered into between the county and the Wyaudottes. The board referred the proposition to the county attorney, whe requested time to consider the matter before rendering an opinion. The following rather amusing account of a meeting of the board of supervisors, March 8, 1S(50. appears in the county records. There were present George Russell, chairman, and Alfred Gray: " The matter of districting the county into commissioner districts being introduced, Mr. Eussell ofPered the following resolution: " Resolved, by the board, That the county is hereby divided into districts as provided by an act entitled 'An act relating to counties and county officers,' approved. All the land south of Kansas Avenue, Wyandotte City, and from the west end of said avenue along the sec- tion line dividing Sections five (5) and eight (8) to the west line of the county, is hereby erected into District No. one (1). All the land north of said Kansas Avemie and said section line and south of the present township line dividing Wyandotte and Quindaro Townships, is hereby erected into a district and is No. two (2). All the present township of Quindaro is hereby erected into a district and is No. three (3). '• The said division being disagreed to by Mr. Gray, was lost. Thereupon Mr. Gray ofPered the following as a substitute: Resolved, by the board, That the county be and is hereby divided into districts as provided by an act entitled ' An act relating to counties and county officers.' All that land within Wyandotte City proper (that is to say within plat or plan made by John H. Millar, in 1857) is hereby erected into District No. 1. All that portion of Quindaro Township within the Wyandotte reserve, so called, and of Wyandotte Town- ship immediately north of said city, is hereby erected into District No. 2. All the balance of Wyandotte County is hereby erected info District No. 3. " The said substitute being disagreed to by Mr. Kussell, was lost. Mr. Gray then proposed that all that land contained within Wyan- dotte City proper, east of Tenth Street (that is to say within the plat or plan made by John H. Millar, in 1857), is hereby erected into Dis- trict No. 1. Second and third districts substantially as in above sub- stitute. fv^ ^±=^ ^=^k. "Mr. Russell disagreeing to said proposition, it was lost. The board then adjourned to meet again on the day following, when no new proposition for the districting of the county being ofPered, nor any concurrence being obtained on either of the propositions of the previous day, the matter was laid over. In the matter of the ferry across the Kansas River, at or near the mouth thereof, it was resolved that the ferry company, running the ferry at said point, be restricted to the following rates, or charges, for crossing: Foot passengers, each 5 cents; loose horses, mules and cattle, each 10 cents; swine and sheep, ten or less, 5 cents each, over ten, each 2h cents; man and horse, 15 cents; one horse and vehicle, 20 cents, each additional horse. 5 cents; oxen and mules to be rated as horses." It was unani- mously agreed by Messrs. RumbH and Gray that the said ferry company be required to pay a license fee in the sum of 125 to the county of Wyandotte, for the ferry privilege for the current year. Some little investigation has failed to discover the reason for the antagonistic character of this peculiar meeting of the board of su- pervisors, but it is presumed that each of the members wished to so divide the county as to secure the co-operation of an ally in the person of an additional supervisor, and that, each knowing that the success of the other would be fatal to his own projects, and the triumph of his own policy, neither of them would have yielded on this question so long as life remained to him. At the election for county commissioners and county assessor, on the fourth Monday in March, 1860, votes were cast as follows: For William McKay, for commissioner, 272; J. E. Bennett, 209; Samuel E. Forsythe, 239; J. R. Parr, 99; George W. Veall, 160; J. J. Chap- man, 167; James McGrew, 10; M. W. Battooi, 9-1:. For assessor, Benjamin W. Hartley received 242 votes, and Louis M. Cox, 165. Messrs. McKay, Bennett and Forsythe were declared elected commis- sioners; Benjamin W. Hartley, assessor. The new board organized Monday, April 2, 1800, with William McKay as chairman. The seal of the late county board was adojited, and the salary of the probate judge was fixed at $SO0. Other, but less important business, histori- cally, was transacted. On the next day the matter of the selection of grand and petit jurors was taken up, and the following names from the assessment rolls of the county, for the year 1859, were chosen: For grand jurors, Charles H. Chapin, Francis Kessler, Landor Lydon, Albert S. Corey, Thomas Mclntyre, Fielding Johnson. Charles E. Saw- yer, Abelard Guthrie, Arad Tuttle, James C. Zane, Silas Armstrong, S. p. Bartlott, O. S. Bartlett, Chester Colbiun, P. Cliagamaii. Will- iam Curns, Louis M. Cox, Johu M. Chrysler, Emuianiiel Dyer, A. P. Day, A. D. Downs, James H. Harris, Joseph Hanford. Ed Hovey, A. Huntington, William Hood, Sterling Hance, Leonard Leake, Valentine Lucas, John McAlpin, Thomas Merry, W. C. McHenry, James McGrew, William Millar, James R. Parr, W. Y. Roberts, George Russell, Samuel Stover, Berry Swander, Martin Stewart, Mil- ton Sabers, Hiram Wright, A. G. Walcott, Gustavus Leitz, Samuel M. Stephens, Charles H. Suydam, G. B. Terrill, E. T. Vedder, C. H. Van Fossen, Isaiah Walker. For petit jurors, Eli McKee. Joseph H. Bartles, Jacob Kyle, John H. Mattoon, Charles Morasch, C H. Car- penter, Isaac R. Zane, Samuel Marchant, John Stewart. Robert An- dersoQ, Fred Blum, Stephen S. Bradley, E. S. Barche, John M. Blockly, Frank H. Betton, James Clifford, James D. Chestnut, R. Chalk, J. A. J. Chapman, R. G. Dunning, Thomas Downs, Michael Gorman, G. K. Grindrod, Bat. GriflSu, Joseph Greible, Malcolm Gregory, Theodore Garrett, M. A. Garrett, James Hennepey, Rob- ert Halford, William D. Jones, N. A. Kirk. Daniel Killen, Claudius Kiefer, Henry Kirby, H. C. Long, M'illiam Lovey, Charles Love- lace, Anthony McMahon, Joseph McDowell, J. M. Mather, H. W. McNay, David Powell. E. J. Pedigo, Ed. Purdam, George Roof, J. D. Simpson, Ebenezer Smith, C. Stapleton, Fred Schoup. At the meeting of the board, April 4, I860, it was ordered that William McKay, chairman, be authorized and empowered to contract for rooms for use of courts and county officers for the current year. Silas Armstrong and others, proprietors of the ferry over the Kansas River, near its mouth, were required to give bond in the sum of $2,000. and were restricted to the following ratos of ferriage: Foot passengers, 5 cents each; loose horses, mules or cattle, 10 cents each; swine or sheep, 5 cents each; man and horse, 20 cents; one horse vehicles and driver, 30 cents; two-horse vehicles and driver unloaded. 40 cents — loaded, 65 cents; each additional person with above, 5 cents; each additional horse, 2 cents — oxen, mules, asses and "jinnies" rated as horses. Double these rates were permitted after dark. The ferry pro- prietors were ordered to pay the county the sum of $35 as a license fee for the ensuing year. This rate was, at the same meeting, estab- lished for all ferries throughout the county. The bond of Byron Judd, as trustee of Wyandotte Township, was approved and accepted; the bond of V. J. Lane, as trustee of Quindaro Township; also the bond of Thomas Ryan, as constable of Wyandotte Township; the bond of k^ ^ ^'. Thomas Duncan, as justice of the peace of Quindaro Township; and the bond of Alfred Robinson, as constable of Quindaro Township. The salary of the county attorney, formerly $600, was reduced to |300. The division of the county into commissioner districts, which Messr.s. Gray and Russell had been so signally successful in not accomplishing, was again taken up. It was ordered that all that part of the city of Wyandotte south of the center of Kansas Avenue, and all that portion of Wyandotte Township south of the section line dividing Sections 5 and 6 from Sections 7 and 8, in Township 11 south, Range 25 east, and east of the township line dividing Ranges 24 and 25 east, be erected into District No. 1; that all of the remainder of Wyandotte Township and Wyandotte City be erected into District No. 2; and thai, all of Quindaro Township be erected into District No. 3. A vacancy having occurred in the office of constable of Wyandotte Township, H. H. Sawyer was appointed, and his bond was approved and accepted. The county attorney was authorized to draw up papers stating an agreement of facts, and enter into the same on behalf of the county with the Wyandotte Nation of Indians for the purpose of testing the legality of the taxes assessed upon the lands in the county allotted to that tribe. The records contain the following relative to the drawing of jurors for the May term, 1860: "List of grand jurors for the May term of the first district court for the county of Wyandotte, in the Territory of Kansas, drawn April 19, 1860, from the hat containing the names of the persons selected by the board of county commissioners of said county for that purpose for the current year, at their April session, A. D. 1860. Present at the drawing, M. B. Newman, county clerk, and Thomas Ryan, deputy sheriff, and Joseph Speck, Esq., a justice of the peace of said county, who were previously notified according to law. The following list of names, as drawn from the grand jury hat by said clerk, wei'e respectively entered on a written list hj said Joseph Speck, viz. : " Silas Armstrong, Charles H. Suydam, George Russell, James R. Parr, William Millar, Edwin T. Vedder, Wyandotte Township; Al- bert S. Corry, Quindaro Township; Gustavus Zeitz, A. D. Downs, James H. Harris, William Curran, O. S. Bartlett, Wyandotte Town- ship; James C. Zaue, Qaindaro Township; Chester Colburn, John M. Chrysler, Wyandotte Township; Francis Kessler, Quindaro Town- ship; Joseph Hanford, W. Y. Roberts, Wyandotte Township. " We, the undersigned, present at the drawing, as aforesaid, do WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 187 hereby certify that the forecroiag list from No. 1 to No. 18, inclusive, was drawn by saiil M. B. Newmaa, after duly shakiug the box con- taining the ballots, and that said names were respectively minuted by said Joseph Speck, as drawn, this April 19th, ISfiO." The record is signed by M. B. Newman, county clerk, Wyandotte Covinty, and Joseph Speck, "justice of the peace and deputy sheriff." '"List of petit jurors for the May term of the tirst district court for Wyandotte County, Kansas Territory, drawn April 19, 1860, from the box containing the names of the person selected for that purpose by the board of county commissioners for the current year, at the April session of said board, A. D. 1800. The drawing was conducted and recorded by the same officials and in the same manner as that for grand jurors. The following in the recorded list: "Eli McGee and Jacob Kyle, Quindaro Township; Henry Kirby, Robert Chalk, S. Piirdam, M. A. Garrett and R. G. Dunning, Wyan- dotte Township; Joseph A. Bartles, Quindaro Township; Claudius Kiefer, Robert Halford and Michael Gorman, A^'yandotte Township; John H. Mattoon. Quindaro Township; James Clifford, Wyandotte Township; Isaac R. Zane, Quindaro Township; Robert Anderson, Daniel Powell, Frank H. Betton, Bat Griffin and S. E. Burche, Wy- andotte Township; Samuel Marchant, Quindaro Township; James D. Chestnut, C. Stapleton, N. A. Kirk and William Lavey, Wyandotte Township.'" For .some reference to the work of the first grand and petit jurors, see the history of the Wyandotte County District Court elsewhere in this volume. The following is among the recorded proceedings of the board, July 11, 1860: •' Isaiah Walker, Esq. , having submitted to the board a proposi- tion in writing to sell to the county of Wyandotte Lot No. 46. in Block No. 93, on Nebraska Avenue, in the City of Wyandotte, with the frame building thereon, for a court room and other county purposes, for the consideration of $50 in hand in scrip of the county of Wyan- dotte, and $1,750 in bonds of said county, payable ten years from date, and bearing interest at the rate of ten per cent per annum, the said proposition being fully considered by the board, was accepted, and the chairman of the board was directed and empowered to com- plete the purchase of said property on the part of the county, and procure a deed for the same, in accordance with said proposition." At the meeting last referred to, on motion, it was ordered that the 188 HISTORY OF KANSAS. register of deeds be authorized to record the plat of the Wyandotte lands, and the description of the allotment of the same, from the copies thereof in the office of the county clerk, and §25 was appropri- ated for such use. The demand of William McKay for the use of the court-room for the May, 1860, term of the district court was allowed. The amount was .$20. The matter of a new county jail was considered, and, there being neither plans nor propositions on hand satisfactory to the board, it was ordered that the clerk post up notices in not less than three conspicuous places in the county, calling for further plans and proposals for a county jail to be presented to the board May 30, 1860, at which time it was decided to further consider the matter. It was further ordered that the notices above referred to should also invite proposals for removing the court-house to the front part of the court house lot. At the appointed time, a plan proposed by J. R. Parr, Esq. , to build the jail of planks laid and spiked together was adopted by the board. The structure was to be twenty feet square, each story to be eight feet in the clear. The first story was to be divided centrally by a four-foot passage, and into five cells — three on one side of the passage, two on the other. The upper story was to be divided into three rooms, approached by an outside stairway. The bid of J. L. Hall, beiog the best and low- est, to complete the jail for $2,000, was accepted, and the chairman of the board was authorized to enter into a contract with him on that basis, and also to contract for the removal of the court-house. The second grand and petit juries were drawn September 15, 1860. The former consisted of the following named persons: Charles Morasch, Qaindaro; Ebenezer Smith, Wyandotte; C. H. Carpenter, Quindaro; H. C. Long and Fred Schoup, Wyandotte; John Stewart, Quindaro; G. K. Grindrod. Anthony McMahon, W. H. McNay, Joseph Greible, Fred Blum, James Hennesy, Edward J. Pedigo, George Roof, Thomas Downs and J. D. Simpson, Wyan- dotte; Edward Anderson (removed); M. A. Garrett. AVilliamD. Jones, Theodore Garrett, Claudius Kieiler, Charles Lovelace and Daniel Kil- len, Wyandotte; J. M. Mather (removed); J. A. J. Chapman and S. S. Bradley, Wyandotte. The record of the drawing was signed by M. B. Newman, county clerk; Joseph Speck, justice of the peace: Daniel Kirkbridge, justice of the peace, and L. H. Wood, sheriff, all of whom certified to the drawing of petit jurors, as follows: S. M. Stevens, W'yandotte; Thomas Mclntyre. Quindaro; George WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 189 B. Terrill (removed); Landon Lydon, Qnindaro; Silas Ai-mstrong and Leonard Lake, Wyandotte; Charles H. Chapin, Quindaro; Milton Savers, O. B. Bartlett, A. J. Day and Isaiah Walker, AVyandotte; Hiram Wright (removed); S. P. Bartlett, Edvpard Hovey, James H. Harris and Martin Stewart, Wyandotte; Abelard Guthrie, Quindaro; Valentine Lucas, Thomas Meiry and James McGrew, Wyandotte. At a meeting of the board, October 2, 1860, the amount of taxes to be levied for county and other purposes for the current fiscal year was considered. It was determined that, for the purpose of redeem- ing the outstanding orders on the treasurer of the county, and to meet the ordinary current county expenses, $15,000 would be required. The county clerk was authorized to make a levy of taxes on the total amount of taxable property on the assessment roll of that year, at such a rate, in mills on the dollar, as would produce most nearly such an amount. The further amount of $2,500 was required to pay the in- terest on bonds issued by the county and to redeem such bonds as would become due within the coming year, and an additional levy was ordered to meet this demand. The necessity for new roads now found expression in the petition of A. Columbus, and others, for a township road, from the north end of Fifth Street, in Wyandotte City, northwestwardly, " along the line between William Walker's and M. R. Walker's and Henry McMullen's, also, Walker and Millar and D. V. Clements, and thence on or near the section lines, northwardlj-, to the bank of the Missouri River, at or near Clark's old wood-yard; " and in the petition of Isaiah Walker and eighteen others for the location of a road from the terminus of Walker Street, on the western boundary of the town of Wyandotte, "along the northern border of William Johnson's land, and various other points named in said petition, to Isaac Johnnycake's. " Daniel B. Hadley, Thomas Maxtield and Stephen S. Bradley, " judicious land- holders," were appointed a jury to view and locate the first road; and Louis M. Cox, John M. Funk and Isaac N. White were apjiointed a jury to view and locate the second road. Both juries were to do their work early in October, with the assistance of William Millar, surveyor. In the matter of the township road, from the north end of Fifth Street, in Wyandotte City, to Clark's old wood-yard, the viewers and survey- or reported favorably, October 15, and the board ordered that the road be established as a permanent highway, according to the follow- ing survey: "Commencing at a point on the second standard parallel, the north line of the corporation of Wyandotte City, and 15 poles east ^^ 190 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. of a stone marking the southwest corner of Section 34, Township 10, Range 25; thence along the line between the lands of William Walker and Walker and Millar, on the west, and those of W. E. Walker and H. M. McMullen. on the east, north 80 poles to the south line of D. V. Clements' land; thence along the same, west, 15 poles; thence along the line between the lands of Walker and Millar on the west, and D. V. Clements on the east, north 80 poles to the south line of Adam Hunt's land; thence through the same north 17| degrees, west 77 poles; thence north 30 degrees, east 8 J poles, to the south line of E. B. Kellogg' s land; thence through the same and on the same course 15J poles; thence north 7i- degrees, east 8 poles; north 8 degrees, west 5 poles; thence north 45 degrees, west 16 poles to the east line of R. S. Nash's land; thence along the same north 42 poles to the north line of Section 33; thence along the same east 3fi poles to a point 12 poles east of the southwest corner of Section 27; thence through the lands of Cox and Garrett and on the line between the lands of John M. Funk and Francis Coon on the west, and the heirs of J. B. Cornstalk and heirs of G. I. Clark on the east, north 175 poles to the south bank of the Missouri River, total distance 2 miles and 90 poles.'' Oc tober 16, the report of Isaac N. White, Louis M. Cox and John M. Funk, commissioners, and William Millar, surveyor, on the road from Wyandotte to Isaac Johnnj'cake' s, was filed and read and laid over for action at the next regular session of the board; but it was not acted upon until January 9, 1801, when the road was ortlered opened upon a survey as follows: " Commencing at a point in the center of Walker Street, 323 1\ feet west from the west line of Tenth Street, in the city of Wyandotte; and running thence on the east line of Louis M. Cox's land, north 15| poles to a point 10 poles east of the center of fractional Section 4, Township 11, Range 25 east; thence on the line between the lands of the heirs of John Lewis Coon and Lucy A. Sharlow on the north and those of the said Cox and the heirs of John S. Bearskin on the south, west 170 poles to the quarter-section corner, between Sections 4 and' 5, same township and range; thence through the lands of the said Bearskin and on the line between the lands of Isaiah Walk- er, Susan Nofat, Catharine Young and George Spybuck on the north, and Christopher Littlechief, H. C. Norton and Margaret Solomon on the south, west 400 poles; thence through the lands of Margaret Solo- mon and George Spybuck north 48 degrees, west 10^ poles; thence through R. Robitaille' s land and on the line between the said Robitaille and James C. Zane west 67^ poles; thence through the said Zane's ^=^r^ \^ Icand and along Robitaille's lands north 4(5| poles, west 13 poles; thence north 17i poles to the second standard parallel; thence along the same between the said Robitaille on the south and Mary Collier's land on the north, west 50 poles; thence through the said Collier's land north 77 degrees, west 40^ poles to a point 9 poles north from the quarter- section corner on the south line of Section 36, Township 10 south, Range 24 east; thence on the line between A. Guthrie and James C. Zane on the west, Mary Collier and Sarah Collier on the east, and through the lands of said Zane, north 151 poles to the center of said Section 36; thence through the said Zane's land, on the line between him and Samuel E. Forsythe, through the said Forsythe's land, and on the line between the lands of the heirs of James Bigtree and John Bigtree's land on the south and A. Guthrie's land on the north, west 320 poles to the center of Section 35; thence along the line between Jefferson Zane's and Threza Zane's lands on the west, and the said Guthrie and Francis Cotter's lands on the east, north 160 poles to the quarter-section corner between Sections 26 and 35, of Township 10 south, Range 24 east, and on the road from Quindaro to Lawrence; total distance, 4 miles 231!^ poles." November 10, 1860, the petition of Theodore Garrett and forty-eight others, for a county road "from Silas Armstrong's by the present traveled route, thence on the nearest and best route to a point at or near Delaware ferry; thence on the nearest and best route to Tuley's ferry," was presented to the board, and James C. Zane, H. C. Long and John M. Funk were appointed viewers, with William Millar, surveyor, to investigate and report on the feasibility of said road. They reported as follows: "In the matter of a petition for a county road from Wyandotte City to Tuley's ferry, to the board of county commissioners of Wyan- dotte County, Kansas: "Gentlemen — In accordance with the provisions of an act defining the mode of laying out and establishing roads, approved February 27, 1860, we, the undersigned, John M Funk, Henry C. Long and James C. Zane, have viewed and caused to be surveyed and marked on the ground a county road, as rei)orted on by William Millar, sur- veyor. We believe the road necessary for public convenience, and therefore recommend that it be established, and opened sixty feet wide on the line, in accordance with the prayer of the petitioners. We had the principal petitioners notify the owners of lands through which said road passes that the same has been located, and, believ- ing that the property will be benefited to a greater degree than any A^ 192 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. injury the owners may sustain by reason of the opening of said road, we have not deemed it necessary to assess any damages. ' ' Following is a copy of the survey above mentioned, which was duly attested by William Millar: "Commencing at a point in the center of Tauromee Street, 5 poles east from the east line of Twelfth Street, in the city of Wyandotte, and 113i poles east and48i poles north from the southwest corner of the northwest quarter of Section 9, Township 11 south, Range 25 east; thence through lands belonging to E. T. Vedder, Mrs. Solomon and John Sarabess, west IISJ poles (the south line of the road being the north line of laud belonging to Silas Armstrong, for the last SO poles); thence through land belonging to said Sarabess north 87 de- grees, west 80 poles; thence north on line between said Sarabess and Silas Armstrong north 16 poles; thence through land of said Arm- strong, .south 87 degrees, west 80 poles; thence on line between said Armstrong and John D. Brown, north 75 poles to the northwest cor- ner of the northeast quarter of Section 8, same township and range, where it connects with the road described below. Again com- mencing in Kansas Avenue, in the center thereof, 24| poles west from the west line of Twelfth Street, in the city of Wyandotte, and poles south from the northeast corner of the northwest quarter of Sec- tion 9, Township 11 south. Range 25 east; thence north 4 poles; thence through land of John Sarabess, west 32 poles (the north line of the said road being the line of land belonging to the Wyandotte City Company); thence through land belonging to the said Sarabess, south 82 degrees, west 60 poles ; thence south 80 poles, west 80 poles ; thence through land of Jacob Whitecrow, west 60 poles; thence on the line between said Whitecrow and Silas Armstrong, west 9 poles, to the northwest corner of the northeast quarter of Section 8, same town- ship and range, where it connects with branch road described above; thence on the line between Sections 5, 8, 6 and 7, divid- ing- lands of said Whitecrow, A. C. Davis and Mary Karyboo, Sr., on the north, from lands of John D. Brown, Margaret Brown and William Johnston on the south, west 296 poles; thence on the line of said Karyboo and said Johnston, south 20 poles; thence on the line between Mary Karyboo, Sr. , and Mary Karyboo, Jr., west 100 poles; thence to the line of Mary McKee, north 63 degrees, west 4^ poles; thence along the same, north 18 poles; thence west 20 poles; thence- south 39 degrees, west 20 poles; thence west 64 degrees, west 8 poles; thence north 72 degrees, west 20 poles, north 39| degrees, west 16 poles; thence on the line between said McKee and Jesse Gayamee, west 10 poles, to the northwest corner of Section 7, same township and range; thence along the same, west 10 poles, to the east line of land of Mary Elliott; thence along the same, south 16 poles; thence through the land of the said Elliott, west 70 poles, and through land of Dan- iel Peacock's heirs, west 80 poles; thence through land of John (Sol- omon) Karyboo, south 65^ degrees, west 17i poles, passing into the land allotted to Joseph Williams; thence through the same, south 88 degrees, west 88 poles, passing into the land belonging to John Lamb; thence through the same, south 47| degrees, west 26 poles, south 22 degrees, west 20 poles, south 20 poles, south 1 degree, west 17 poles, to line between said Lamb and Alfred Gray; thence along the same, west 12 poles; thence through land of said Gray, south 56| degrees, west 28 poles, north 82 J degrees, west 12 poles, north 30 degrees, west 16 poles, to same line between said Gray and Lamb; thence along the same and on the south line of Michael McMahon, 136J poles; thence on line between lands of George Spybuck and said Gray, south 49J poles; thence on the line between said Spybuck and John Smith, west 76 poles; thence through land of said Smith, south 21 poles and south 7 1 seconds, west 28 poles, passing into land of Peter Hooper ; thence through the same, north 85 degrees, west 20 poles, south 84 degrees, west 21 poles, and west 8§ poles, to the southeast corner of land belonging to W. W. Jacks; thence on line between lands of said Hooper and Jacob Young on the east, and Elizabeth Young and Re- becca Lumpy on the west, south 264 poles, passing into the lands of Elizabeth Peacock; thence through the same, south 50 degrees, west 80 poles; thence through the land of Sarah Peacock, south 46 poles, west 152 poles, and passing into land belonging to the Garrett family; thence through the same, 52| degrees, west 220 poles, to the Delaware ferry: thence through the same lands, south 53 i degrees, west 60 poles, south 61 degrees, west 76 poles, north 89 degrees, west 70 poles, north 63 degrees, west 11 poles, south 40 degrees, west 40 poles, south 30i degrees, west 40 poles, south 11 degrees, west 80 poles, south 16 degrees, west 78 poles, south 28 poles, west 18 poles, south 34 poles, west 64 poles, south 45J degrees, west 52 poles, south 55 degrees, west 60 poles, and south 34| poles, east 49 jaoles, to the Kan- sas River at Tuley's ferry, distance 10 miles 51 1 poles from the west line of the plat of the city of Wyandotte. Thursday, April 9, 1861, an application for a township road from Davis Creek to Kansas River bridge, on the south side of Kansas "3) 'y lOi HISTORY OF KANSAS. Kiver, in Wyandotte Townsliip, was taken up, in pursnance of the action of the board on the previous Monday, and also an application of Stephen J. Payne and others for a township road from a township road from Lovelace' s saw-mill to the bridge above mentioned. It appear- ing to the board that the establishment of one road, properly located, might be made to serve the interests of both sets of petitioners, the au- thority of viewers previously appointed was revoked, and John M. Funk, David Leavitt and Albert S. Corey were appointed viewers to meet at the bridge April 22, and, with the aid of J. A. J. Chapman, surveyor, to survey out and rejjort upon a road from Lovelace's saw-mill, or some point near there, past the residence of Stephen J. Payne to the Wyan- dotte bridge, and report to the board at its next session. The report was favorable to the opening of the road upon the following survey: "Begiuning at a point one-quarter of a mile due east from the center of Section 23, in Township 11 south, and Range 24 east of the sixth principal meridian in Kansas, and running thence north (varying 11° HO' east) 40.3t) chains; thence east (varying 11° 4') 30 chains; thence north (varying 11° 24' east) 40.05 chains; thence east (varying 11° 30' east) 116.45 chains; thence south 25°, east 31.21 chains; thence south 35°, east 13.30 chains; thence south 58°, east 4 chains; thence south 45° 30', east 14.81 chains; thence south 50°, east 4.56 chains; thence south 45° 30', east 5.53 chains; thence south 56°, east 72.95 chains; thence south 81° 30', east 7.16 chains to the south end of Kaw bridge, the total distance being 370.33 chains — 4.63 miles." July 15, 1861, the petition of Louisa C. Smith, N. A. Turk, Jacob Whitecrow, Elisha Sortor, George W. Veale, A. Tuttle, J. A. Bartles, K. Wenzler, F. Cook, F. Johnson, E. K. Woodburg, Eli McKee and F. Kessler was presented, requesting the board to locate and establish a road "from a point on the Territorial road run- ning from Quindaro via Leavenworth to Elwood. at the northwest corner of William Long's allotment in Section 31. Township 11. Range 25 east, thence running as near as practicable to a point due south to a point on the county road from Wyandotte City to Isaac Johnny- cake's." The board ordered that Vincent J. Lane, Franklin Cook and William Taylor act as viewers, and Eli McKee as surveyor of such road. Their report was rendered November 4, 1861, accompanied by a survey, as follows: "Beginning at the north line of Section 31, Township 11 south, of Range 25 east, at the northwest comer of land allotte 1 to William Long; thence south between lands owned by Han- nah Zane, Sr., Isaac R. Zane and Louisa C. Smith on the west, and WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 195 the lands of William Long and Jacob Whitecrow on the east, and through the land of said Whitecrow to the south line of land owned by Susannah D. Robitaille 39 chains and 80 links; thence through lands of said Susannah D. Robitaille south 1|°, west 32 chains to a point 25 feet west of the southwest corner of the No. E. burying ground; thence south 16' ', west 18 chains 30 links to a walnut tree; thence south 3i' ' west to the intersection of the county road from Wyandotte to Johnnycake's." It was recommended that the road be opened over the above described route fift}' feet wide. The viewers expressed the opinion that the land along the line of this road would be enhanced in value, and that the owners should not be entitled to any damages. During the few years succeeding, petitions were presented for the fol- lowing and other roads, many of which were viewed, and some of which were opened and have since formed part of the highway facili- ties of this part of the State: A Territorial road from Wyandotte to Elwood; a road from Lawrence via De Soto to the State line; a road from the Missouri River bottom to the Leavenworth County line; a road to Muncietown; a road along the bluffs south of the Kaw; a Missouri River road; a road from Delaware ferry to the pontoon bridge; a road from Wyandotte to Washington's; a road from Muncie- town to Washington's; a road from Frank Cotter's to Muncietown. The board made the following selection for grand and petit jurors for the year 1861, from the assessment roll for the year I860: Grand jurors— J. C. Clemens, Albert S. Corey, William M. Dickinson, David Pearson, Alfred Robinson, E. Sortor, D. D. Strock, N. M, Turk, G. W. Veale, J. D. Freeman, Charles Lovelace, Ed Pettigrew, Milton Savers, D. B. Lucas, J. P. Alden, Philip Klingaman, William Cur- ran, Samuel Crosby, J. D. Hath, W. P. Holcomb, Jacob Kerstetter, David Leavitt, N. McAlpiae, S. D. McDonald, W. P. Thompson, W. P. Winner, Horatio Waldo, John E. Zeitz, Cornelius Mallory, John McAlpine. James McGrew, William Millar, G. B. Nelson, George Parker, N. A. Richardson, George Russell, Christopher Schneider, J. M. Summerville, W. F. Simpson, J. P. Fisk, Fielding Johnson, Thomas Mclntyre, S. Hance. Petit jurors: Thomas Maxfield, W. P. Overton, C. F. Peters, Ben- jamin Ritz, W. Y. Roberts, A. Roberts, M. Remain, F. Skorka, Fred Schoup, M. Shipp, D. A. Tomb, Augustus Walters, Henry West, C. H. Van Fossen, C. H. Carpenter, L. Leyder, William Raffe, Robert Robitaille, Isaac R. Zane, Henry Bengard, John Brevator, S. S. Brad- ley, John Bottom, Solomon Balmer, G. D. Bouling, James Fisk, J. P. 196 HISTOBY OF KANSAS. Faber, P. S. Ferguson, J. P. HenioD, E. H. Hickock, Henry Bacon, M. H. Collins, F. Cook, R. M. Gray, William Kuntz, H. F. Eeed, M. Sherman, A. Tuttle, F. Arn, J. Whitecrow, E. O. Zaiie, M. Clary, M. Faber, B. F. Johnson, M. Mudeater, Anthony McGrath, August Reka, John Swatzel, Irvin P. Long, John Burke, John M. Blatchley, H. W. Barbour, James Cain, E. M. Dyer, M. Gregory, Michael Gorman, H. T. Harrison, Louis Hefferlin, Charles Haines, ^^'. P. Harris, James Humphrey, Fred Kramer, Henry Kirkbride. January 8, 1861, in the matter of the report of the grand jury, made to the last October term of the district court, recommending certain improvements in the county jail, it was ordered by the board that the county clerk advertise proposals to be received, for consider- ation at the April term of the board, to erect a plank fence around the jail, to underpin the jail with stone, and fill xinderneath its floors with broken stone. January 21, 1861, a license was granted to Cornelius Riordan to keep a dram shop in Quindaro Township for one year. The following entry appears under date of March 19, 1861: ''On this day John W. Dyer and Julius G. Fisk, commissioners of Wyandotte County, met as a board of canvassers to inspect the returns of the election held in said county on the 5th day of March, 1861, for one representative to the State Legislature to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Amasa Soule, representative- elect for the district composed of the counties of Wyandotte, Douglas and Johnson. The returns being produced by the county clerk, as filed in his office, the same were ex- amined and found to be in all respects made up in conformity with the laws, and on being duly canvassed, the votes cast at said election were found to be as follows: Whole number of votes cast at said election, 381; of which L. L. Jones received 284 votes, and W. R. Davis 97 votes." June 18, 1861, the board canvassed the returns of an election held on the 11th instant for representative in Congress and for justice of the peace for Wyandotte Township. The following results were as- certained: Quindaro Township — whole number of votes cast, 27; for Representative in Congress, Martin F. Conway, 8, C. J. H. Nichol, 18, John A. Haldeman, 1. Wyandotte Towuship— For Representative in Congress: Martin F. Conway, 194; C. K. Holiday, 3; Isaiah Walker, 1; for justice of the peace, John M. Funk, 151; James A. Cruise, 130. November 8, 1861, the board canvassed the votes cast in Wyandotte County, November 5, 1861, at an election for certain State and county ['" ^'" t . T officers. The whole number of votes cast was 400. For governor, George A. Crawford received 343, Josiah Miller, 1; for lieutenant- governor, Joseph G. Speer received 344; for secretary of State, J. W. Robinson received 349; for attorney-general. Samuel A. Stinson re- ceived 390; for State treasurer. Hortman R. Dutton received 381; for State auditor, James R. McClure received 349; for superintendent of public instruction, H. D. Preston received 358; for Representative in the State Senate, John Speer received 160, John T. Legate, 158; R S. Stevens, 229; Charles G. Kaler, 246; for Representative in the Lower House. W. M. Sheard,367; W. H. Fishback, 168; R. W. Hart- ley, 145; Chauncey L. Steele, 358; E. G. Macy, 358; J. L. Jones, 358; Samuel Block, 358; A. T. Thoman. 357; D. T. Mitchell, 358; R. L. Williams, 358; Sidney Clark, 157; James McGrew, 3/8; Eli McKee, 104; William Dickinson, 243; G. W. Smith, 175; John M. Griffin, 204; Mencer, 1 ; Edward Mencer, 1 ; for sheriff, Jacob Kerstetter, 152; Luther H. Wood, 244; Ward, 1; Jacob Cresth, 1; for treasurer, Byron Judd, 402; for register of deeds, S. D. McDonald, 168; James A. Cruise, 239'; for county clerk, William B. Bowman, 160; E. T. Vedder, 231; for assessor, C. N. H. Moore, 99; Martin Stewart, 295; for surveyor, J. A. J. Chapman, 396; for coroner, Thomas Duncan, 169; Charles Morasch 223: C. N. H. Moore, 1; for county commissioners. First District, D. A. Bartlett, 147; R. Cook, 236; Second District, S. Lake, 163; Emmanuel Dyer, 231; Third District, B. F. Mudge, 132; Francis Kessler, 230; for probate judge, T. House, 10; V. J. Lane, 30; for superintendent of public schools, D. B. Healy, 1; for clerk of district court, J. A. Cruise, 14. Those selected for grand and petit jurors, for 1862, were named as follows (those designated by an asterisk were, on February 14, drawn to serve at the next term of district court): *Nicholas McAl- pine, Silas Armstrong, * James Collins, Theodore F. Garrett, Valen- tine Lucas, Leonard Lake, John McAlpine, Isaiah Walker, Thomas Duncan. Irvin P. Long, *George D. Chrysler, Arthur D. Downs, S. Hance, J. D. Heath, W. P. Holcomb, E. T. Hovey, Joseph Han- ford, *Daniel Killen, Jacob Rexstatter, James McGrew, W. C. Henry, George P. Nelson, William P. Overton, *George Russell, *N. A.' Riechenecker, William H. Schofield, *Horatio Waldo, *Hiram Wood, William Walker, *W. P. Winner, E. L. Bucher, Aaron Cory, R. M. Grey, V. J. Lane, *Eli McKee, William Taylor, M. W. Bot- tom. *D. V. Clements, B. F. Mudge, *C. S. Stapleton, John Bolton, *N. B. Newman, J. W. White, Robert Halford, *Henry Frank, *Reu- 11^ 1 ^1 198 HISTORY OF KANSAS. ben Pawn, Eansom Chalk, *James R. Parr, *James Summeiville, Samuel Crosby, *Richard Cook, for grand jurors; and Albert S. Cory, S. M. Cox, Michael Collins, Thomas Downs, John D. Freeman, Henrv Grey, John Smith, *L. D. Jones. *John Lamb, H. C. Long, Mathew Mudeater, J. H. Mattoon. *Stephen J. Payne, William Rulledge, John Regan, John Snatzer, *Ebenezer O. Kane, John Buckley, *Joseph A. Bartles, *Richard W. Clark, Lemuel Duncan, AV. W. Dickinson, Abelard Guthrie, Patrick Gulan, William Long, Isaac Long, *E. A. Moore, William Raffle, Henry Powell, James C. Zaue, Ferdinand Arn, Henry Bengard, *S. S. Bradley, G. L. Bowlin, *0. S. Bartlett, *Frank H. Betton, *Henry Booker, *A. Crockett, M. L. Clifford, R. G. Dunning, *William Foley, *G. H. Grindrod, ♦Jo- seph Grindell, Joseph Gruble, *Philip Hecker. *Henry Kirkbride, Frederick Kramer, Peter Lefler, Henry Kirby, John McMahon, Thomas Maxiield, C. F. Peters, *Samuel Priestly, Samuel Pringle, AVilliam Stutton, D. C. Strobridge, C. H. Suydam, *Christopher Schneider, W. E. Thompson, *Augustus Walters, *Augustus Zeitz, *J. C. Clements, Robert Kelly, *L. Lyder, Thomas Mclutyre, David Pierson, Alfred Robinson, Cornelius Riordan, H. T. Reed, Elisha Sorter, Morris Sherman, *C. H. N. Moore, W. Shipp, for petit jurors. The following township officers were elected in March, 1862: Wyandotte Township — Byron Judd, trustee; H. W. McNay, P. S. Ferguson, John Kane, constables; Gottard Knieffer, J. M. Barber, overseers of highways. Quindaro Township — E. L. Brown, trustee; Arad Tuttle, justice of the peace; E. O. Lane, J. Leonard, constables; Charles Morasch, J. Leonard, John Freeman, overseers of highways. Following is the record of the organization of Delaware Township: " At this day, January 4, 1809, J. M. Michael appeared before the board and presented a petition signed by himself and fifty-two other persons, praying that the board set oft" and organize a new township to be composed of the following described territory : Commencing at the Kansas River at a point where the east line of Township 11, Range 23 east of the sixth principal meridian in Kansas intersects the same; thence north on said line to the second standard parallel; thence west on the said standard jjarallel to the northwest corner of said Township 11. Range 23; thence south to the Kansas River; thence along said river to the j)oint of beginning. After due consideration thereof the board find that said petition is signed by fifty electors, resident therein, and that the territory proposed by said petition to be organized into a township is a part of the territory now embraced in •<^ S r- "s "V WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 199 the township of Wyandotte, and that said proposed township contains an area of at least thirty square miles of territory and that the territory so proposed to be organized into a township contains the number of electors and inhabitants required by law. It is therefore ordered by the board, that the territory as alove described be and is hereby or- ganized into a township to be known and designated by the name of Delaware Township, and that the first election for town olBcers in said Delaware Township be held at the Peter Barnett store-room, in Edwardsville, so called, on the first Tuesday in April, 1869. It is further ordered by the board, that J. J. Keplinger, the county clerk of the county, make out a plat of said Delaware Township and place the same on sale in his office, and that he deliver to the proper town- ship officers a certified copy of said plat and record. It is further ordered by the board, that the county clerk make out and transmit to the secretary of State the name and boundary of Delaware Township, and the boundary of Wyandotte Township, as it now remains." Prairie Township was organized March 8, 1869, upon the follow- ing petition describing its boundaries: "We, the undersigned petition- ers, would respectfully pray your honorable body to establish a new township out of the following territory, to-wit: All that portion of Township No. 10, Range No. 23, in said county, said township to be known as Prairie Township. We would further represent, that the territory described contains an area of at least thirty square miles and has a population of two hundred inhabitants, and would further ask that the first election to be held for township officers be held on the first Tuesday in April, at the Prairie and Connor Precinct." The pe- tition was signed by S. S. Kessler, Henry H. Evarts and sixty-two others. The territory described was formerly embraced in the township of Quindaro. It was ordered that " the first election be held at Con- nor's Station and at the school house near the John Connor place, the place where the fall elections were held in Prairie Precinct, on the first Tuesday in April, A. D. 1869." Quindaro Township was re-established April 5, 1869, upon a petition then presented to the board praying that the boundary of Quindaro Township be established as follows: "AH that portion of Township No. 10, Ranges 24 and 25, in Wyandotte County." This petition was signed by fifty residents and electors of the proposed township. After due consideration the board found that the petition was signed by the number of electors and residents required by law, that the ter- ritory proposed to be erected into a township comprised in part the territory then embraced in tbe townsliip of Wyandotte and all the territory therefore contained in Quindaro Township after Prairie Township had been organized from its territory, and that the pro- posed township would contain the area required by law and the requi- site population and number of voters; and it was ordered by the board, that the territory, as above described, be organized into a township to be known and designated by the name of Quindaro Township, and that the first election for township officers be held at the usual place of holding elections in Quindaro Precinct and Six-mile Pre- cinct on the first Tuesday in April, 1869. The record of the establishment of Shawnee Townsbij). also on April 5, 1869, is as follows: "And now, on this day, a petition was presented to the board, signed by John M. Ainsworth and seventy other persons residents of Wyandotte Township and County, south of the Kansas River, praying that all that portion of Wyandotte County lying south of the Kansas River, and not included in the corporate limits of Wyandotte City, be set off and organized into a new town- ship, to be known and designated as Shawnee Township. After due consideration thereof, the board do find that said petition is signed by the number of electors and residents therein required by law, and that the territory proposed by said petition to be erected into a new town- ship is a part of the territory now embraced in the township of Wyan- dotte, and that said proposed township contains the territory requisite to form a township, according to an act of the Legislature of the State of Kansas, approved 1869, and the territory so proposed to be organ- ized into a new township contains the number of electors and inhab- itants required by law. It is, therefore, ordered by the board that the territory above described be and is hereby organized into a town- ship, to be known and designated by the name of Shawnee Township, and that the first election of township officers in said Shawnee Town- ship be held at the junction of the Wyandotte and Shawnee road with the Shawnee and Kansas City road, on the first Tuesday in April, 1869." ^^F-^ A riONEEl: \\INTLl; SCENE. k^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 201 CHAPTER XIII. County Inteuests, Commeucial, Political, Official and Statis- tical—An Unparalleled Hailway System— How Projected AND Developed— The Stouy' of Early and Later Railroad Construction — A Celebrated Murder That Grew out of I'eu- soNAL Difficulties between ISailkoad Projectors and Build- ei!s— The Railway' System of the Present— Post-offices in Wyandotte County — Banks — Public Buildings — The Poor Farm— Fair Associations— First Election in Wy-andotte County — First Meeting of the County Commissioners— The County's Civil List— Statistics of Taxation, Bonded Indebt- edness, Agriculture, Horticulture and Stock-Kaising— Wyandotte County as a Manufacturing Center- Popula- tion— General Claims of Pre-eminence. My soul aches To know when two authorities are up. Neither supreme, how soon confusion May enter. — Shakespeare. 3;ACILITIES for transportation in Wyandotte Cotinty are unsurpassed. Railways and water- ways both contribute to it. The following his- tory of the great railway interests centering at the two Kansas Cities has been carefully com- piled, with a view to affording an adequate idea of the far-reaching influence of railroads in creating and building up the material pros- perity of the county. The first mention of railroad interests in the records is as follows: " To the Board of County Commissioners of Wyan- ^'' dofte County, State of Katjsas : The Missouri River Railroad Company, a corporation duly chartered and organized under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Kansas, has surveyed and located, and is about to construct and build a railroad from the State line between the States of Missouri and Kansas, at a point within the county of Wyandotte, ^. ilV 202 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. to the city of Leavenworth, in the county of Leavenworth, and a portion of said line of road will pass through the county of Wyan- dotte; and the said company now desire to procure the right of way, and to acquire title to the lands necessary for the construction of the said railroad. Now, therefore, the said company by the undersigned, the president thereof, and in pursuance of the statutes of the State of Kansas in such case made and provided, hereby apply to your honorable body to forthwith proceed to lay off the said road and the lands necessary for the same, its side tracks, turnouts, depots, water stations, etc., as surveyed by the engineer of the said company, and that you at the same time assess and appraise the damages to the owners of the land so to be taken and used for such railroad purposes, to the end that the said railroad company may obtain the possession, right of way and title to the lands necessary for the construction of said railroad. " Signed by S. T. Smith, president. ■■ County commissioners' notice to lay ofF the route of the Missouri River Railroad in the county of Wyandotte: Pursuant to the applica- tion of S. T. Smith, president of the Missouri River Railroad, made on the 13th day of November, A. D. 1865, the undersigned, the county commissioners of Wyandotte County, will, at 11 o'clock A. M. , on the 18th day of December, A. D. 1865, proceed to lay off the route of the said railroad and the lands necessary for the same, its side tracks, its turnouts, depots, water- stations, etc., as surveyed by the engineer of said company, and will at the same time appraise the damages to the owners of the lands so to be taken and used in said county, as pro- vided in the statutes of the State of Kansas in such cases made and provided." Signed by Francis Kessler and Joseph Grindle, chairman and members of the board. The board of county commissioners caused a notice to be published in the Wyandotte Commercial Gazette, a newspaper published in Wy- andotte County, weekly, more than thirty days before December 26, 1865, and in pursuance of said notice, on the date mentioned, they pro- ceeded to the line of intersection of the route of said Missouri River Railroad with the Eastern division of the Union Pacific Railroad, and proceeded over the whole route of the proposed road to the western boundary of the Wyandotte reserve, and examined each tract and ap- praised and awarded the damages separately to each of the owners of lands through which the route had been surveyed irrespective of any benefit to said owners from the construction of the railroad. The first survey for a railroad in this county was made from Quin- ^-<11 A. ,^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 203 daro to Lawrence, under the charter of the Missouri River & Rocky Mountain Raih-oad Company. The first grading for a railroad in Kansas was done at Wyandotte on the Kansas Valley Railroad. This was about twenty feet higher than the present road bed of the Kansas Pacific (now the Union Pacific). The Kansas Pacific Railroad was put in operation in 1803, and the first locomotive was called the "Wyandotte." The Missouri River Railroad was put in operation in 1866. The Missouri Pacific Railroad follows the bank of the Missouri River under the bluff, and the principal stations in this county are Wyandotte, Quindaro, Pomeroy, Barker's Tank and Connor, The Union Pacific Railway crosses the Kansas River near Wyandotte, and follows along the north bank of that stream on its course west. The principal stations in this county are Wyandotte, Armstrong and Ed- wardsville. The Kansas City, Wyandotte & Northwestern Railroad extends through the county north of the center, with stations at Wy- andotte, Quindaro, Welborn, Summunduwot, Vance, Bethel, White Church, Maywood, Piper Station and Menager Junction. This is the latest railway constructed in the county. The following is a copy of an invitation sent to Mr, J, V, Lane, now editor of the Wyandotte Herald, to attend the celebration and ex- cursion upon the opening of the first section of forty miles of the Union Pacific Railway west of the Missouri River, The excursion started from Wyandotte, which at that time was the eastern terminus of the Union Pacific Railway, The letter of invitation was dated from the office of the "' Union Pacific Railway Company, Eastern Division, St, Louis, July 1, 1864," and read as follows: "Dear Sir : — The Government of the United States a little more than a year ago, with a wisdom looking far beyond the burdens and anxieties of the hour, provided aid for the construction of a railroad from the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean, Stimulated by its liberality, and by the spirit of American enterprise, the work has been undertaken, and already the first section of forty miles is nearing completion. The opening of this section giving earne.st to the people of the country that within the time prescribed by law the great highway will be built to San Francisco, bringing into closer union the States of the Atlantic and the Pacific, and offering to the industrial enterprises of our people theincalculable wealth of a continent, is an event worthy of commemo- ration by the leading men of America. You are respectfully invited to attend the celebration, and will be received by the committee of arrangements at Weston, Missouri, on the ISth day of August next, on ik 204 HISTORY OF KANSAS. the arrival of the morning train from the East. Upon the receipt from you of an acceptance of this invitation, addressed to me at 58 Beaver Street, New York, you will be furnished with a free pass to Kansas and return, good over all the principal intermediate roads." It was signed, "Faithfully yours, Samuel Hallett." The invitation card was worded as follows: "The Union Pacific Railway Company, East- ern Division, invite you to be present, as per letter of Mr. Samuel Hallett, to celebrate the opening of the first section of forty miles of their road west from the Missouri River. ' ' Shortly after the date of Mr. Hallett" s letter of invitation,' and be- fore the date set for the excursion, Mr. Hallett was shot and killed at Wyandotte by O. A. Talcutt. The history of this tragedy is some- what differently related by different narrators, but all agree that it grew out of difficulties about the construction of the road and money matters connected therewith, in which Messrs. Hallett and Talcutt were personally involved over conflicting interests. It is such an im- portant part of the railroad history of Wyandotte County and Kansas City, Kas. , that it is given here as it has been related by contempo- rary witnesses. Hallett was contractor and general manager of the Kansas Pacific Railroad. Talcutt was its chief engineer, represent- ing the capitalists. On the morning of July 27, 1864, Talcutt rode into Wyandotte from Quindaro and hitched his pony in front of Hol- eomb's drug store on Third Street, two or three doors north of the Garno House. He had with him a Henry rifle, which was something new in those days and caused quite a crowd to assemble around the steps of the drug store. The rifle was handed to Judge Sharp to ex- amine. He saw that it was loaded, and while he was carefully noting the processes of loading and discharging the weapon, Talcutt hur- riedly snatched it from his hands and walked quickly into the store. Wondering what caused these strange movements. Judge Sharp turned around and saw Samuel Hallett coming across the street from his office on Kansas Avenue. Passing the drug store, Mr. Hallett lifted his hat with a pleasant bow and passed on to the Garno House fur dinner. An hour afterward as Judge Sharp was coming down from dinner and had reached the crossing of Kansas Avenue and Third Street, he saw Mr. Hallett coming across the street some sixty feet north of the di'ug store. At that moment Talcutt came out of the store, and standing on the steps with a crowd of men on every side, he lifted his gun and taking deliberate aim at Hallett, fired, the ball striking the latter in the back. Hallett turned half round and look- ing back exclaimed: ''My God, Talcutt, you have killed me!" and fell forward on his face. He was carried to his rooms in the Garno House, but was dead before he reached there, the ball having passed entirely through his body. Quite a large number were in the streets at the time and many more rushed from the Garno House, from stores and dwellings, but so dumbfounded were they all that before any one rallied from the shock, Talcutt had moiinted his pony and dashed away. The utmost excitement prevailed. SherifP Ferguson ordered out a large force of men and scoured the country in every direction. One party hunted in and around Quindaro, his home, for a week, night and day. Another party took the overland route for Lawrence, while a third hunted the territory where Kansas City, Kas. , now stands, then only a heavily timbered bottom, grown up underneath the large timber with underbrush. Dozens of Wyandotte citizens crept among the underbrush day after day, but without any reward. One party found a place west of the town where a man had slept in a hay- stack and had eaten, but the owner of the place claimed to know nothing of such occurrences. Talcutt lived at Quindaro and had boarded with a party by the name of McGee, who afterward had his house burned. Then was found the place where Talcutt had been secreted under the large doorsteps, an entrance having been made from the cellar. It was not until fifteen years later that Talcutt was arrested in Colorado and brought back to Wyandotte for trial. Had he been captured im- mediately after the commission of his crime, he would doubtless have been lynched without ceremony; but it is well known that no such tragic fate was dealt out to him in vindication of outraged law. The excite- ment had died away and Samuel Hallett's work and its importance to Kansas City and Wyandotte County had been in a measure lost sight of, for other important improvements had been crowding each other ever since, and railroads had so multiplied as to be no longer a novelty. There is something in the history of Hallett's career that will be of interest, affecting as it did the future of both Wyandotte and Leaven- worth. Hallett came to Leavenworth in the fall of 1803, and having secured the right of way for a railroad, previously granted under the Territorial government to the Leavenworth, Pawnee & Lawrence Rail- road Company, he proposed to some of the capitalists of Leavenworth, to put a railroad across the country, and received pledges for the un- dertaking. Work was begun at once, and a road was built to what is now known as the "Junction "' on tbe Missouri Pacific, near Leaven- worth. One authority savs that, calling for funds, Hallett was given !> "V ' ^< 200 HISTORY OF KANSAS. the cold shoulder and told to go ahead with the road. This was in February, 1864. The Missouri Pacific was approaching Jefferson City, and Hallett saw that if ground could be broken at the mouth of the Kaw for the beginning of the new road to be known as the Kansas Pacific, a connection between it and the Missouri Pacific could be made more quickly, and leave Leavenworth out in the cold. Quietly maturing his plans and contracts, he one morning began work without a soul in Wyandotte knowing of his intention beforehand. Word reached the city about 10 o'clock that morning that work had begun on the new railroad. Hundreds of citizens went down on foot and in carriages and found a hundred men at work, cutting an opening through the woods south of Armstrong. Wyandotte boiled over with excitement. Property went up 100 per cent during the week. Hal- lett opened an office at the foot of Kansas Avenue, and the streets were thronged with laboring men. By the middle of April more than a thousand laborers were employed. Samuel Hallett was general manager, his brother, John, was employed as superintendent, and an- other brother, Thomas, was an assistant. O. A. Talcutt was chief engineer. About the middle of May, Samuel Hallett went to St. Louis and Chicago, leaving the office work with his brother John. It has been stated that soon after Hallett left Talcutt came in from the western terminus of the road, and drawing the amount of money due him, went to St. Louis, where he met Samuel Hallett and asked for more money, which was paid him by Hallett without Hallett's knowl- edge of his having been settled with in full at the office. One who has told the story says, that a week later, Samuel Hallett was called to Washington, and while conferring with President Lincoln about the road, Mr. Lincoln called his attention to a letter received from Tal- cutt, in which it was claimed that Hallett was constructing a cheap road, that the material was of the poorest kind, and that the bridges would not hold up a year, stamping Hallett in general as a swindler. Mr. Hallett is said to have made a showing of his contract, and of the amount of work done, whereupon Mr. Lincoln is said to have declared that Talcutt ' ' ought to be spanked. ' " It is further stated that Mr. Hallett mailed Talcutt' s letter to the President to his brother John. A week later Talcutt returned to Wyandotte and went at once to Hal- lett' s office. John Hallett showed him the letter that he had sent to Washington and said, " President Lincoln says you should be spanked and I am going to do it." Being a big, two-fisted fellow, it is said John Hallett took Talcutt across his knee and summarily adminstered ^ •fj «_ k^ the spanking. Being released, Talcutt drew Lis revolver, but John Hallett's hand came down upon him again, and before he could make any successful attempt at resistance, his assailant had opened the door and hurled him through it into the middle of the street. From Washington, Samuel Hallett went to New York, and worked up a large capital for the Kansas Pacific, Thomas Durant representing it. On his return, he stopped at St. Louis, and induced John D. Perry and others to invest. On his arrival at Wyandotte, a large and enthu- siastic meeting was held, in which it was resolved (o push forward the work. George Francis Train was one of the speakers. The sudden death of Hallett was a serious blow to Wyandotte. It was claimed by many, and has been by many denied, that a letter was found at Qiiin- daro written to Talcutt, from persons in Leavenworth, offering him money to kill Hallett. Be that as it may, Leavenworth felt sore over the boom at Wyandotte, and immediately after the beginning of work there by Hallett, it is said, a large delegation of prominent citizen.s of Leavenworth called on him and offered him large inducements to return there. Samuel Hallett was spoken of by many as a gentleman of culture, who made friends wherever he went. It is said that at one time he figured in London in stocks of some kind, and was arrested for debt. Later he negotiated loans in England and in Spain to build the Atlantic & Great Western Railway. His family spent most of their time in Eunipe, and at the time of his death they were in Paris. Later they returned to Hornellsville, N. Y. His son, Samuel Hallett, Jr., cameto Wyandotte and married a sister of Hon. E. L. Bartlett. There can be no doubt that Hallett was a man of exceptional business ca- pacity and success, but his methods have been called in question by some, and it has been claimed that he was not so blameless in the trouble with Talcutt as his friends would have liad him appear. Mr. John Speer, writing to the Topeka Commonwealth said: '"I think the story of President Lincoln showing Samuel Hallett a letter from Tal- cutt in a familiar way is exceedingly thin. I do not think Talcutt ever wrote to the President, and if he had done so Hallett was not in the habit of walking into the executive chamber and familiarly reading Old Abe's letters. From memory, the circumstances, or rumors of them, were these: Mr. Talcutt was chief engineer of the Kansas Pacific, representing the capitalists — the principal of whom was John D. Perry, of St. Louis; or he may have represented Fremont, or both. Hallett, in his imperious way, had demanded that Talcutt should make an offi- cial report of progress of the work entirely inconsistent with the truth. V » $ 1 208 HISTORY OF KANSAS. under oath, either to get the first subsidy of 116,000 a mile, for twenty miles, from the Government, or to secure more money from the capi- talists by representations that the first donation of $820,000 was due. This Talcutt positively refused to do. Hallett left for Washington, attempting to get the proof in some other way, but, when there, met a report of Talcutt in the proper department, which entirely blockaded his little game. Samuel Hallett then telegraphed to Thomas Hallett to whip Talcutt. Tom Hallett, being a burly, stout man of 200 pounds, and Talcutt a little, feeble man of not over 125 poimds, the former proceeded at once to chastise him, and gave him an unmerciful whipping. Talcutt awaited the arrival of Samuel Hallett, and "laid for him " with a rifle, and shot him dead in the street, just after he passed him. It was a deliberate, premeditated act, but the whipping by Tom Hallett was unmerciful and undeserved. I do not believe tliere was any reason for the story that some one in Leavenworth hired him to do the deed, though that story was told at the time. If Talcutt had been tried at the time, with the evidence of his excited condition, amounting almost to insanity, and of his terrible provocation fresh in the public mind, I doubt if a jury could have been found to convict him." In this connection some incidents of the first work on the road will be interesting. John Hallett had a kind of general charge of it, and seemed to be almost making his own location as he progressed. Mr. Speer states that all Lawrence was startled one day by a report that the road was being graded some three miles north of the city, and a committee at once went over in two hacks to near where the road crosses Mud Creek. No one was there to tell anything to the committee, and the 400 hands passed west grading slightly — in some places merely cutting a little ditch, in some not even breaking the grass; but they called it "grading," though, it is said, there was not enough done to stop a plow from crossing the track. Various committees were ap- pointed and conferences held. In an interview with Senator Lane, Samuel Hallett said he would not vary his location out of a direct line on account of the road being a great national highway subsidized by the Government; but he finally consented to make such a change as was demanded, if Mr. Lane would get a majority of the L'nited States Senate to petition him for it. Mr. Lane not only induced every Re- publican senator to sign the request, but secured the signature of Mr. Lincoln at its head, asking for the location of the road on the bank of the river opposite Lawrence and Topeka— for Topeka had fears of the I g' - I. "^ fc WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 209 same treatment that Lawrence had received. Still the location was not made to Lawrence, and Hallett wanted $300,000 of Douglas County bonds. Mr. Lane then got an amendatory bill passed, author- izing the location of the road to Lawrence and Topeka; but this bill was subject to the acceptance of the company. Mr. Speer was sent to Washington by the citizens of Lawrence to work in behalf of the loca- tion, John D. Perry, Samuel Hallett and perhaps other stockholders being there. He states that one day. "as Lane lay on a couch in his room, Hallett came in and took a seat by Lane's side. With all his suavity of manner he said: 'Senator, we have concluded that we can not change the road to Lawrence, unless Douglas County will give us $300,000 in bonds to pay the extra expenses. ' Lane raised up in bed, his eyes fairly flashing with indignation. It was just after the Law- rence massacre. 'You shall not get a dollar out of that burned and murdered town. Yon shall take up every stump and log you have buried, and make a first-class road in every respect, and, when you get a dollar of your subsidies, let me know it.' Lane lay back in his bed. Hallett essayed to speak. Lane waved his hand. 'No words; my mind is made up." Hallett left. I was scared — fearful our peo- ple would be defeated — but Lane merely remarked: 'He will want to see me worse to-morrow than he did to-day.' The next day I met Lane on Pennsylvania Avenue. He drew up his face, and, in a quiz- zical manner, said: 'Hallett sent for me for an interview.' 'Well, did you have it?' ' No o-o; I told his friend that Hallett was a posi- tive man, and had probably made up his mind. He will want to see me worse to morrow than to-day.' The next day Hallett met him and entered into an agreement in writing to locate the road to Lawrence, and both signed it. Lane, however, put a postscript to it, to the effect that it was his understanding that the people of Lawrence were to pay for the extra cost of grading. He also got a copy of a dispatch to John Hallett, in Sam Hallett's handwriting, which I copied and had sent, and then brought the original to Lawrence." Thus the road was located. Shortly after this arrangement with Lane, Mr. Hallett returned to Wyandotte and was shot. "But a few days before the homicide," continues Mr. Speer, "Samuel and John Hallett were riding in a buggy when they met Talcutt, and one of them said to him: " We'll fix you; we have the tools to do it, and we'll teach you to report.' Talcutt said: 'I don't hold Tom responsible. Y'ou could hire any dirty nigger to do his work.' And he kept his word. Talcutt was right about the road. It was a common saving 6 ""V ' ihL, 210 , HISTORY OF KANSAS. that Hallett laid the track before he graded, and when John D. Perry got control the work had to be done over again." In a letter to Hon. John Speer, who has been quoted above. Judge B. F. Kingsbury wrote as follows : "I can corroborate most of the statements made by you. I concur also in the general inference to be derived from your letter, that Mr. Hallett was a fraud, and also in your statement that it is exceedingly doubtful if Mr. Talcutt would have been convicted if tried at the time. My opportunities for know- ing something of that road were briefly these: Early in the fall of 1803 I received a letter from George Robinson, postmarked Wyan- dotte, in which he informed me that he had been sent out by Gen. Fremont to act as chief engineer of the Kansas Pacific road, and urg- ing me very strongly to accept a position as engineer on the road. Mr. Robinson and I had been partners iu civil and mining engineering some years ago, with an office at Scranton, Penn. I went to Wyan- dotte and found things considerably mixed. Mr. Talcutt was acting as chief engineer in the location of the road from Wyandotte to Law- rence. Mr. Robinson was also recognized as chief engineer, or at least seemed to do about as he pleased, but was more of a consulting engineer at that time. I do not remember that Robinson and Talcutt ever came in conflict in regard to matters connected with the road. After a time it was decided to locate a road from Leavenworth to Lawrence, and Robinson was put in charge. A large corps was or- ganized, and we proceeded to the Leavenworth end of the line. Robinson staid with us until we were fairlj' started, when he turned the party over to me, and returned to Wyandotte, and I completed the survey and location to Lawrence. When I returned to Wyan- dotte, I waited a month or two for the pay, which I never got. as the Halletts were paying no one, and returned home in the latter part of the winter of 1863-64. I did no work on the Kansas Pacific road, ex- cept to ride out with Robinson at two or three different times to help take measurements for bridges, culverts, etc., and I can remember remarking to Robinson, on one occasion, that an engineer who would allow a road to be constructed in such a manner, was an ignoramus, or ' a fraud. I afterward heard of the protests of Talcutt, and of his re- fusal to make certain affidavits, and that trouble was likely to grow out of it. From the above brief statements you will see that I know something of the early history of the road. I never could understand the true inwardness of affairs, but my conclusions were that the whole thing was a fraud ; that Talcutt, as an houest man, could not have ^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 211 made a different report from the one he was said to have made; that he was grossly insulted and abused, and I doubt if he ever received any pay for the work be did. Of course the murder of Mr. Hallett was unjustifiable, but if Talcutt had been tried at the time, I believe he would have been acquitted." Such is the history of a tragic event connected with the early railway interests of the two Kansas Cities, which culminated in what is now Kansas City, Kas. The railway his- tory of the sister cities has been almost inseparably connected from the first. All that has contributed to the growth of one city has contrib- uted to the growth of the other. It was by means of railways having their course partly in Wyandotte County that Kansas City. Mo., se- cured some of its most important outlets to the West and Northwest. The Union Depot is located almost on the border line between the two cities, and since the recent arrangement, by which the Kansas City, Wyandotte & Northwestern Railroad makes connection with other lines at the Union Depot, that point is the center of the railway inter- ests of the two cities. The part taken by Wyandotte County, and by Kansas, in those early railroad projects, which did so much to make Kansas City the center of the trade of the entire Southwest, has been no insignificant one. The magnificent railway system of Kansas City was not the result of chance or force of circumstances. The lines reaching to the great lakes on the north, and the Gulf of Mexico on the south, the Pacific coast on the west and the great cities of the east, were jjlanued and outlined from the first. Kansas City, by reason of the natural ad- vantages which gave it control of the traffic of the country when con- ducted by batteaux, steamboats, pack horses and wagons, combined with the enterprise of its citizens, has been made a great railway cen- ter; and when we say Kansas City, we mean neither Kansas City, Mo., nor Kansas City, Kas., but the Kansas City known to the world at large, which comprises both. It was a favorite dream of some of its early citizens, encouraged by such men as Senator Benton, Gov. Gilpin and Gen. Fremont, that here wotild be a great distributing point where the products of the North would meet the tropical prod- ucts of the South; where the products of the manufactories of the East would meet the metallic wealth of the West, and the silks and teas of China and Japan be exchanged and distributed throughout the world. This dream has already been realized. More than twenty lines of railroad from every point of the compass, with innumerable branches penetrating the interior, and main lines reaching the sea- 1^1 r •^ 212 HISTORY OF KANSAS. coast in ever}' direction, meet in the city and exchange passengers and freight. The first railroad meeting held in Kansas City, Mo., was called in 1856. Its object was to raise funds to pay the expense of a preliminary survey of a road projected from this point to Keokuk, Iowa, and which was to be a link in a direct line to Chicago, and also make connection with the Hannibal & St. Joseph road at Hudson, Mo. A committee was appointed to visit Keokuk and interest the people of that place and obtain their aid in the enterprise. Another road proposed about this time was the Kansas City, Lake Superior & Galveston Road, to give Kansas City connection with Lake Superior on the north, and Galveston, Tex., on the south. A branch from Kansas City to Cameron, Mo., on the Hannibal & St. Joseph road, was to be the first link in this road north. The Missouri Pacific was the first road from the east to reach Kansas City. Work was begun on the Missouri Pacific at St. Louis July 4, 1850, and progressed by slow degrees westward. On reaching Jefferson City, a line of steamers to Kansas City was placed on the river by the company for the transfer of its freight and passengers. It was not completed to Kansas City until September 21, 1865. When this road was first projected, Independence, Mo., was designated as the western terminus, but Kansas City assumed such importance before the road was completed that Independence was lost sight of in this connection. In May, 1862, Congress passed the Union Pacific Rail- road bill. Work was begun on the Kansas branch by Samuel Hallett (whose murder by Talcutt has been narrated) and Gen. Fremont, July 7, 1863, and November 18, following, forty-one miles of the road had been completed. The iron and equipment for this part of the road arrived by rail at St. Joseph about the time the river closed with ice; and it was not until the opening of navigation in the spring that they were brought to Kansas City, arriving March 24, 1864. The engine belonging to this outfit was the first ever seen here. This road was opened to Lawrence, Kas., December 19, 1864, and was com- pleted to Denver, Colo., in August, 1871. In June, 1864, the North Missouri Railroad, now the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad, se- cured the franchise of the Missouri Valley Railroad from Brunswick, Mo., to Leavenworth, Kas., and at once began building a line to Kansas City. The road was completed to the city December 8, 1868. It was known at one time as the Kansas City, St. Louis & Northern Railway. As early as 1857 a railroad was projected from Kansas City to Junction City, Kas., running up the south side of the Kansas ^f^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 213 River, to be known as the Kansas Valley Railroad. A ebarter was obtained from the Kansas Legislature by a company composed of citi- zens of Lawrence and Kansas City. Nothing was done toward the construction of this road until the Kansas Pacitic branch was put under construction, when the charter was allowed to lapse. In Maj', 1864, the project of a railroad between Kansas City and Fort Scott began to be agitated. This was to be the commencement of a road heretofore outlined from Kansas City to Galveston, Tex., and a part of the great line from Lake Superior, passing through Kansas City to the Gulf of Mexico. The war shattered most enterprises, and shattered Kansas City's hopes for speedy commercial supremacy; but her citizens took heart from the knowledge that the main line of the Union Pacitic Railroad started within her limits and was in operation as far as Lawrence, while the Missouri Pacific was nearly comj^Ieted. In February. 1865, the Missouri Legislature granted a charter for a railroad from Kansas City to the Iowa State line, in the direction of Council Bluffs, via St. Joseph, and embracing what had been built of the Kansas City & St. Joseph Railroad from St. Joseph to AYeston. The interest in the road to Fort Scott was revived, and the Kansas Legislature memorialized Congress for a grant of land for it. Track- laying on the Missouri Pacitic was begun in February, but was de- layed by the bushwhacker troubles of that time. The old Kansas & Neosho Valley Company was reorganized under the presidency of Col. Kersey Coates, and measures were taken without delay for the construction of the line. A proposition was submitted to the people of Kansas City, September 19, that they vote $200,000 to aid this object, and $25,000 toward the completion of the Kansas City & St. Joseph Railroad from Weston to Kansas City. September 14, five days before the election, Capt. Charles G. Keeler had begun work on the Fort Scott road. Both lines were aided generously by Kansas City. In November, following, Johnson and Miami Counties, Kas. , each voted the Fort Scott road .$200,000. This it was thought would practically secure its construction. As projected before the war. this road was to have run to Galveston, and its friends were now watching and waiting for an opportunity to secure its right of way through the Indian Territory. Such an opportunity was soon presented. During the war the Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Seminoles, Shawnees, Kio was, Wichitas, Osages, Comanches, Senecas, Quapaws and Cherokees, had, in whole or in part, joined the Rebellion. In consequence, the Gov- ernment took the ground that these Indians had nullified all treaties t 214 HISTORY OF KANSAS. formerly existing between them and the United States, and that new treaties must be made, and Jiidge D. N. Cooley (commissioner of In- dian affairs), Hon. Elijah Sells (superintendent of the Southern super- intendency). Col. Parker (of Gen. Grant's staff), Gen. Harney, of St. Louis, Thomas Nixon, of Philadelphia, and others, were ap pointed commissioners on (he part of the Government to meet the Indians at Fort Smith, September 5, to negotiate such treaties. The friends of the railroad recognized in this treaty an opportunity to secure the much desired right of way, and the Kansas City Chamber of Commerce appointed Col. R. T. Van Horn, Col. E. M. McGee, Col. M. J. Payne and Mathew Mudeater (a Wyandotte Indian of Wyandotte County), the Kansas City delegation to the conference. The balance of the delegation consisted of Silas Armstrong (of Wy- andotte County), Col. Wilson, Maj. Eeyuolds and Gen. C. W. Blair, of Fort Scott, and Gen. R. B. Mitchell, of Paola, and Col. T. J. Haines and Gen. James G. Blunt. These representatives of their several localities secured the right of way through the Territory from Kansas to Texas, and at the instance of St. Louis capitalists, a right of way was secured across the Territory from east to west, which was afterward utilized by the St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad. Interest in the Kansas City & Cameron road was revived early in this year. This road had been practically built before the war by M. Quealy, under a contract between its promoters and the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad Company. New directors were chosen April 29, with Maj. W. C. Ransom, as president, and they immediately opened negotiations with Mr. Quealy for a settlement for the work already done, and for the completion of the road under a new arrange- ment. This object was accomplished, but at a considerable advance, necessitated by war values, upon the original contract price, and work was resumed about the close of 1865. The directors instructed Chief Engineer John A. J. Chapman (formerly of W'yandotte County) to make a survey of the river for a bridge, which was completed satis- factorily. It was not until the latter part of 1866 that the company succeeded in reviving the old contract with the Hannibal & St. Jo- seph Railroad Company, though, as has been seen, Mr. Quealj' was pushing the work forward as fast as possible. The Missouri Pacific was completed September 21, 1865, and opened with great rejoicing on the part of the people of this part of the country. The North Missouri Railroad people resumed operations as soon as the bush- whackers were driven from the country. i) \ U±H WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 215 In October, 18r>5, D. R. Garrison, of the Missouri Pacitic, con- tracted with the Kansas City & Leavenworth Company to bnild that line, and the work was begun at once. It had for some time been recognized that the natural laws of commerce strongly favored Kan- sas City as compared with Leavenworth, and Kansas politicians mani- fested no better feeling toward Kansas City than they had done in ante-helium days. Senator Lane, of Lawrence, favoring Kansas trade for Kansas towns, projected an extensive railroad scheme for Kansas. At that time what is now Kansas City, Kas., was compara- tively insignificant, and he had no idea that beside Kansas City, Mo., would grow up Kansas City, Kas., the metropolis of the State, and that by striking a blow at one city he was delaying the development of the other. In this scheme were embraced a line from Pleasant Hill to Lawrence, and one from Leavenworth, through Lawrence, to the southern boundary of the State, toward Fort Gibson, with a view to securing to Lawrence the terminus of the Kansas Pacific Railroad, and also the railroad Kansas City had been so long endeavoring to secure to the Gulf of Mexico. Even at this early day St. Louis began to see danger to her trade in the rapid advance of Kansas City, and readily allied herself with Senator Lane and his associates, although the success of his scheme would have connected the Kansas railroads with the Hannibal & St. Josejah road, and taken the trade of Kansas. Colorado, New Mexico and Texas to Chicago. In pvirsviance of his plan to get his gulf railroad into the field first. Senator Lane caused work to be begun at Lawrence, June 2(). In November a survey was made of a branch to Emporia, authorized by the charter, and the Pleasant Hill & Lawrence road was surveyed. The first rail was laid on the Atchison & Pike's Peak road (the central branch of the Union Pacitic), and the survey of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe road was begun at Atchison. Early in 1866 a bill was passed in the Kansas Legislature, dividing about 120,000 acres of land, given the State for internal improvements, between several railroad corporations. Of this aggregate the Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad received 25,000 acres. In February a bill was introduced in the House of Representatives, at Washington, granting certain lands in Kansas to the Kansas & Neosho Railroad Company, and granting a franchise through the Indian Territory. A bill grant- ing about 800,000 acres of land to the Fort Scott Railroad, became a law in July. At the session of the Kansas Legislature, early in 1866, the name of the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Fort Gibson Railroad was changed to Leavenwortli, Lawrence & Galveston, and soon afterward, the Kansas ic Neosbo Valley road became known as the Missouri Kiv- er, Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad. On May 15 the first train was run from Leavenworth to Lawrence. In July, Congress chartered the Southern branch of the Union Pacific Railway, with the right to run from Fort Riley down the Neosho River to Fort Smith. About the same time the Senate confirmed the treaty with the Delaware Indians, by which their reservation in Kansas was sold for the benefit of the Missouri River Railroad Company — then just completed between Kan- sas City and Leavenworth. In July, a bill introduced in Congress by Hon. Sidney Clarke, of Kansas, became a law, allowing the Union Pa- cific Railroad to construct its line up the Smoky Hill Valley, instead of up the Republican Valley, the original bill having required the main line from Kansas City and the branch from Omaha to connect at the one hundredth meridian, between the Platte and Republican Riv- ers, in Nebraska. The new bill allowed each to adopt its own line, and locate the junction at any available point within 100 miles west of Denver. The main line had then reached Fort Riley, and during 1866 the western freighting and mails were received at that point instead of at Kansas City. In May, Col. Charles E. Kearney became president of the Kansas City, Lake Superior & Galveston Railroad Company (formerly the Kansas City & Cameron Railroad). Little work had been done on account of deficiency of means. Kansas City men subscribed $52,000. Only $25,000 more was required to complete the road. The board of directors, through their former president, had been trying to seeuie a renewal of the old contract with the Hannibal & St. Joseph Rail road Company, which had been made originally through J. T. K. Hayward, at the time superintendent of the Hannibal & St. Joseph road. While professing to be working in the interest of Kansas City, Mr. Hayward had made an agreement with the Leavenworth people to procure a contract between them and the Hannibal & St. Joseph Company, to build a road from Cameron to Leavenworth, a charter having been procured by Leavenworth during the war. Col. Kearney was not long in informing himself of the state of affairs, and took prompt measures to defeat the opposition. The board of di- rectors convened June 1, and agents were appointed to visit Boston, and make a contract with the Hannibal company. Col. Kearney immediately telegraphed Col. Coates, at AVashington. in Kansas City's interest, to go to Boston, and, if possible, delay the closing of ^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. the Leavenworth contract until the arrival of the agents. Arriving in Boston, Col. Coates learned that the Leavenworth contract had been agreed on, and was to be executed the following Monday, bnt he obtained the desired stay of proceedings upon representation of the prior contract. The agents, one of whom was Gen. John W. Eeid, met several of the Boston directors in the office of the rail- road company, and, with the aid of Col. Coates, resurrected the old contract, and when they presented their cause in its first light, they were referred to Hon. James F. Joy, of Detroit, the company's gen- eral manager. Mr. Joy agreed to the revival of the old contract, upon" condition that Kansas City would obtain Congressional au- thority for a bridge across the river. As soon as the facts were before him. Col. Kearney wired Col. Van Horn, in Washington, and on the following morning Col. Van Horn went to the chairman of the committee on post-ofiSces and post-roads, who was to report a bill on the following Monday, providing for the construction of bridges at Quincy, Clinton, and other places, and with some difficulty, induced him to admit an amendment, authorizing a bridge at Kansas City. The following day, as soon as the House opened, the bill was called up, and Col. Van Horn offered his amendment, and it was accepted. Then the chairman moved the previous question. At this juncture Hon. Sidney Clarke, of Kansas, entered, and in great haste drew up an amendment for a bridge at Leavenworth. But the previous ques- tion had been seconded, and this amendment could not be attached. The bill passed, and in a day from the time Mr. Joy's decision was reported in Kansas City, Kansas City had complied with all its con- ditions and secured a double triumph over her rival. This victory doubtless turned the scale in favor of Kansas City. Leavenworth was already virtually the terminus of the Missouri Pacific Railroad, and had a branch of the Union Pacific, and had she secured the Hannibal & St. Joseph road, she would have become the railway center of the Missouri Valley. August 19 a party of engineers, under Col. O. Cha- nute, began a re-survey of the river for the bridge. November 10 Col. Kearney advertised for materials for the bridge, and December 1 he let contracts for its construction to Messrs. Vipont and Walker. These decisive measures caused the North Missouri Railroad Com- pany to terminate its western branch at Kansas City, instead of at Leavenworth, and in October the contract for the immediate construc- tion of that road was let to J. Condit Smith. Meantime the favorable situation in which the Missouri River. Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad had r 218 HISTORY OF KANSAS. been placed by the land grant and charter tbrongh the Indian Terri- tory, enabled it to begin the construction of the road, and the con tract for the first hundred miles was let, August 23, to Messrs. A. H. Waterman & Co. No sooner had Kansas City distanced the rivalry of Leavenworth than she found St. Loi;is assuming the attitude of an euemv'. The rapid concentration of railroads at this point, which had alarmed St. Louis in 1865, and led her to fall so readily into. Senator Lane's schemes, now influenced her to do all she could to foster the Pleasant Hill & Lawrence Railroad project as a means of diverting trade from Kansas Cit}'. St. Louis capital controlled the Missouri Pacific Rail- road, and it was now turned against Kansas City as an opposing in- fluence which it was difficult to combat. On a specious plea of wash- outs in the road between Kansas City and Lawrence, an arrangement was affected in the summer of 1866, whereby freight for points west of Lawrence was taken by way of Leavenworth instead of being transferred at Kansas City, and more favorable rates were afforded Leavenworth than were accorded to Kansas City. Passenger fares between Leavenworth and St. Louis exceeded those between Kansas City and St. Louis, by but 50 cents. Early in 1867 the Kansas City & Cameron Railroad Company found itself still without funds to complete its line. President Kear- ney and others went to Chicago to sell S1()0,00() worth of Kansas City- bonds, and they and Kansas City were made the subjects of violent and derisive attacks in the St. Louis newspapers. Soon afterward, under authority from the Legislature of Missouri, they mortgaged the road to the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad Company. But it was yet necessary to raise $25,000 to $30,000. After a second futile at- tempt to have this amount voted by Jackson County, Mo. , defeated by the voters outside of Kansas City, Mr. Joy, president of the Han- nibal & St. Joseph road, offered to take the road off the hands of the company, cancel the people's subscription of $60,000, and com- plete the road by December 1, on condition that the city and Clay County, Mo., would release to him their stock in the road. After some delay this proposition was accepted, and from that time forward the work of construction progressed rapidly. The corner-stone of the Kansas City bridge was laid August 21, and the last rail of the road.was laid November 22, Col. Kearney, and William Gillis, the old- est resident of Kansas City, driving the last spike. Col. Kearney sent concrratulations to the Chicago Board of Trade and the St. Louis ^. ■4^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 219 Chamber of Commerce, the former returning a warm response, while the latter made no acknowledgment. February 21, 1870, the road was consolidated with the Hannibal & St. Joseph, and soon afterward became the main line of that road. Early in 1807 Leavenworth at- tempted to secure legislation in Missouri that would make the termi- nus of both the Platte Country and North Missouri Railroads at that place, and to get through the Kansas Legislature an appropriation of 1500,000 for the construction of a bridge there; but both these proj- ects were defeated. In March the Atchison & Weston, and Atchison & St. Joseph, and St. Joseph & Savannah Railroads were consolidated by an act of the Legislature of Missouri, under the name of the Platte Country Railroad, and the company controlling them was authorized to build a railroad from Kansas City, via St. Joseph, to the Iowa line, in the direction of Council Bluffs, and a branch from St. Joseph, via Savannah, to the Iowa line in the direction of Des Moines. In January, 1S68, it was learned that a company had procured a charter for a railroad from Louisiana, Mo., to Kansas City, and in March a committee arrived in Kansas City to ask the people to take an interest in it. In June the electors voted $200,000 in its aid. Late in the year the Chicago & Alton Railroad Company became interested in the project, and the roadway was soon built from Louisiana to Mexico, where it connected with the North Missouri Railroad, but, owing to difficulties about issuing bonds in some counties traversed by the line, the balance of the road was not built at that time. The Chicago & Alton Company built a bridge across the Mississippi at Louisiana, and operated from Kansas City to Chicago, over the track of the North Missouri, until 1878, when its own line was completed to Kansas City. In 1868 the Kansas Legislature granted a charter for a railroad from Kansas City to Santa Fe, and in March the company was organ- ized at Olathe, and June C the books were opened for subscription. When the Cherokee Neutral Grounds were obtained by treaty and or- dered sold for the benefit of the Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad, James F. Joy became interested in the road and bought the land. Early in 1808 the American Immigrant Company, of Connecticut, set up a claim to the lands under a previous sale made by Secretary Harlan, but the difficulty was soon harmonized by assignment of the company's claims to Mr. Joy, and the negotiation of a new treaty, which was ap- proved by the Senate in June, 1868. On the 15th of that month the city council of Kansas City, Mo., relinquished to Mr. Joy its interest 220 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. in the road, and by December 12 it was finished to Ohvthe, and a year later to Fort Scott. The Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Railroad had been finished to Ottawa, by January 1, 1868. In Novem- ber, 1868, the Neosha Valley Railroad Company put 175 miles of their line from Junction City under a contract. The North Missouri Rail- road progressed rapidly through 1868. and December 1 the last rail was laid at its junction with the Kansas City & Cameron Railroad, thus adding a fifth road to Kansas City. This road was soon merged in fact and in name with the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad. At the close of 1868 we find completed the Missouri Pacific, the Hanni- bal & St. Joseph and the North Missouri from the east; the Missouri River road to the west was completed to Leavenworth; the Missouri River, Fort Scott & Gulf road was in operation to Olathe, and the eastern division of the Union Pacific to Sheridan, 405 miles west of Kansas City, and but 220 miles from Denver. In March, 1869, the Paola & Fall River Railroad Company was organized. It had not a verj' stable existence for several years, and graded part of the road between Paola and Garnett. This line was built from Paola to Le Roy, in 1880, as a branch of the Missouri Pa- cific, and the Holden & Paola branch of that road extended from Pa ola to Ottawa. The Missouri Valley Railroad was completed Febriiiuy 27, and opened March 1, making Kansas City's seventh railroad. In March, 1861). the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company took an interest in the Pleasant Hill & Lawrence Railroad, and in June it was under contract. In the first- named month the city council of Kansas City, Mo., submitted to the people an ordinance to aid the Kansas City & Santa Fe Railroad, to the extent of $100,000, to be expended between Kansas City and Ottawa, but it was voted down because it was erro- neously understood that Mr. Joy was interested in the scheme and would build the road without such aid. In April contracts were let for building the Leavenworth & Atchison, and the Atchison & Nebras- ka Railroad. On the 6th the masonry of the Kansas City bridge was completed. The superstructure was speedily built and the bridge was opened with great rejoicing, July 3. This was the first bridge span- ning the Missouri River, and its successful construction was deemed a wonderful engineering feat. In May a project for the Missouri, Kan- sas & Albuquerque Railroad began to assume form. When built from Holden to Ottawa, it was operated by the Missouri Pacific. May 31, the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Gnlf Railroad was completed to Paola. In June, Mr. Joy identified himself with the Leavenworth. ^l Lawrence & Galveston Railroad, and the company was reorganized and the construction of the road hastened. The Missouri Pacific Rail- road, originally a "broad gauge" road, was changed to "standard gauge" on July 18. August 7 the Kansas City, Mo., council again submitted a proposition to the people to vote $100,000 to the Kansas City & Santa Fe Railroad, $75,000 of which was to be expended between Olathe and Ottawa, and $25,000 in building a switch in the southern part of the city. The vote was favorable, and the line was surveyed in October. -Early in 186'J the building of a railroad to Memphis, Tenn. , was discussed, and a convention was held at Spring- field, Mo. , August 20, looking to this end, and a temporary organiza- tion was effected. October 19 a meeting was held at Kansas City, at which all interested localities were represented, and an organization was effected under the charter of the Kansas City, Galveston & Lake Superior Railroad (under which the Kansas City & Cameron Rail- road was built), procured in 1857. In September, 1869, several com- panies in Missouri and Iowa were consolidated, under the name of the Chicago & Soiithwestern Railroad Company, with a view to building a railroad from Davenport, Iowa, lo the Missouri River, which has since been constructed by the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway Com- pany, with a branch terminating at Atchison and another at Leav- enworth, and connecting with Kansas City via the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad from Cameron. In December the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad was sur- veyed from Atchison to Topeka; the Neosho Valley Railroad, later part of the Missoixri, Kansas & Texas, was finished between Junction City and Emporia; and the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad reached Fort Scott, beyond which point its progress was retarded, and its workmen were driven off' by a league of the settlers on the Cherokee Neutral Lands opposed to its construction. The name of the eastern division of the Union Pacific, as the Pacific road from Kansas City had been known, was changed in March, 1869, to the " Kansas Pacific. " Its bond subsidy was applicable only as far as Sheridan, Kas., and work ceased for many a year after the line had been constructed to that place; but late in the year construction was resumed, and the line was graded to Denver. At that date Kansas City had seven railroads in operation, three of them being unfinished, but progressing rapidly. These were the Missouri Pacific, the North Missouri, the Platte County and the Missouri River, completed; and the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Gulf, completed to Fort Scott; the Leavenvporth, Lawrence & Gal- V ^t veston, nearly to Garnett, and the Kansas Pacific to Sheridan. The Kansas City, Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad was completed to Baxter Springs, and opened for business in May, 1870. The Kansas City & Santa Fe Railroad was finished between Olathe and Ottawa, and put in operation August 22, as a portion of the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Railroad, which reached Thayer, Kas. , by the close of the year, and was completed and opened to Coffeyville, September 4, 1871. The Denver Pacific, from Denver to Cheyenne, had already been com])leted, and the completion of the Kansas Pacific to Denver, August 15, effected a connection with the Union Pacific. The charters for the Kansas & Neosho Valley Railroad, later known as the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad, and the southern branch of the Union Pacific Railroad, to extend from Fort Riley, Kas., southeasterly through the Indian Territory to Fort Smith, Ark., w'ere almost co-existent. The latter charter was procured by prominent southern gentlemen, at a time when the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Fort Gilison Railroad was in progress from Lawrence southward. This latter road, as previously stated, was projected by Senator Lane, of Kansas, to run through the Indian Territory, to con- nect with the Texas Southern for Galveston. Hence the charter for the Fort Scott road was so amended upon its passage, at the instance of southern gentlemen and Senator Lane, as to provide that, if either of these latter roads should be constructed to the boundary of the Indian Territory before the completion of the Fort Scott road to the same line, it should have the sole right of way through the Territory secured by treaty, and by its charter granted to the Fort Scott road. The Fort Scott road reached the boundary a month in advance of the Neosho Valley line, which was constructed on the charter of the south- ern branch of the Pacific, and afterward became known as the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad. Notwithstanding the priority of comple- tion to the specified boundary, the Neosho Valley Company raised the que.stion of the claim of the Fort Scott Company to the right of way, upon the ground that the charter provided that the State line should Vie crossed within the valley of the Neosho River, holding that the terminus of the Fort Scott Railroad at Baxter Springs was not in that valley, but, although the map of the route had been approved by the Secretary of the Interior, when the question was presented to that official, he now decided it adversely to the interests of the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad. The Kansas City & Memphis Railroad was agitated in 1870. A ^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 228 survey of the line was begun in February, and such an interest- was excited that the counties it traversed voted to aid it, and its pros- pects seemed bright until early iTi the summer, when another enter- prise assumed form, the Clinton, Kansas City & Memphis branch of the Tebo & Neosho Railroad Company, proposing to construct a line from Kansas City to Memphis, by way of Clinton. Mo., instead of through Springfield. The charter of the Tebo & Neosho Road was an old one granted by the Missouri Legislature, under which the Kan- sas Land & Trust Company had already built a road from Sedalia through Fort Scott to Parsons, where it formed a junction with the Neosho Valley Railroad from Junction City. This latter road, as the reader has been advised, was built under a charter for the southern branch of the Union Pacifie Railroad, from Fort Riley to Fort Smith, by the builders of the road from Sedalia to Parsons. When these two lines were united under one management they became known as the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad. The Clinton, Kansas City and Memphis branch of the Tebo & Neosho Railroad was a branch of this line built under the general law of the State of Missouri authorizing the construction of branches of railroads already in existence. From the time of its inception both companies were canvassing for county aid, and some counties voted aid to one, some to the othei'. This conflict was waged through the early half of 1871. In March the Jackson County, Mo., subscription was transferred from the Springfield to the Clinton road. This act caused bitter agitation and resulted in litigation. In June, conflicting interests were harmonized by a compromise, under which one line was to be built as far as Har- risonville, and two from that point, one by way of Springfield, and one by way of Clinton. Work was begun at the Kansas City end July 15. In the following winter the company called on the authori- ties of Jackson County for money, and a dispute which arose about the amount of work done culminated in litigation and a cessation of work until 1873. when all difHcultios were adjusted, the company se- curing the Jackson County bonds and disbursing the proceeds for grading, finishing the road bed for nearly a hundred miles southward from Kansas City. But the panic of 1873 precipitated a new trouble. The company, unable to negotiate its bonds for the purchase of iron and rolling stock, was finally driven into bankruptcy, and the road was sold December 1, 1876, for|l,100. Meantime, in May, 1870, the Platte County Railroad, from Kansas City to the Iowa line, and the Council BUitt's & St. Joseph Railroad, from the Iowa line to Council T'. IL^ Bluffs, were cousolidated, having passed into the control of the Bos- ton interests represented by Mr. Joy, and took the name of the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad. In June, this year, a company was organized to build a road from Kansas City via Plattsburg northward, but no other measures toward the construction of the road were ever taken. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, which had been begun in 1868 at Atchison, was put into operation to Emporia. The railroad up the west side of the river to Troy, and the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad between Sedalia and Parsons, were finished. Kansas City had eight railroads with the beginning of 1871. In September of this year the Chicago & Southwestern Railroad was completed to Beverly, on the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad. It passed into the pro- prietorship of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Company, and ran its trains into Kansas City over the line of Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluff's Railroad until January, 1880, when, under a contract with the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad Company, it began to use the tracks of that corporation from Cameron to Kansas City. In January, 1872, the name of the North Missouri Railroad was changed to Kansas City, St. Louis & Northern. When the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad had been extended so far into the Kan- sas Valley as to begin to show largely in the transportation of Texas cattle, it was found that about two-thirds of its business originated at and was destined for Kansas City, and the company saw the desira- bility of securing a line of its own to this important point, and in the spring of 1872 a company was organized in Topeka to build the Topeka & Lawrence road to Lawrence, and a company was formed in Kansas City to construct a line between Kansas City and Lawrence. The latter was known as the Kansas City, Lawrence & Topeka Rail- road Company. November 12 Kansas City voted 1100,000 in its aid. The Kansas City & Eastern Railroad was inaugurated in the sum- mer of 1878, under the name of the Kansas City, "Wyandotte & North- western Railroad. The course originally chosen for this road was from Kansas City through Wyandotte, northwesterly to the Kansas and Nebraska State line. Failing to secure requisite aid along the line in Kansas, the company concluded to divert the course of the road down the Mis.souri Valley. Kaw Township, in which Kansas City, Mo., is located, had voted $150,000 to aid the line as originally projected, and in March, 1873, voted to transfer the Kaw Townshij) bonds to the new line. The contract for the construction of the first w l>iL WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 2*25 section, between Kansas City and Independence, was let in October, 1873, and work was begun in December, and finished in 1874; and in 1875 the balance of the line to Lexington was put under contract, and completed early in 1876. This was a " narrow gauge ' ' local line, since changed to a "standard gauge" and operated by the Missouri Pacific Company — of great importance to Kansas City, in that it brings to its doors the product of the great coal mines at Lexington. In the early part of 1872 an effort was made to induce the railroads centering in Kansas City to build a union passenger depot, to replace the small wooden structure upon the site of the present Union Depot, which had been erected by the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad Company when their road first entered the city, and which but illy served the purpose to which it was devoted. As an encouragement to the railroad com- panies, a proposition to exempt such a depot from taxation for fifteen years was submitted to the voters of Kansas Cit}', Mo., at the spring election, but it was unfortunately defeated. The road between Ottawa and Emporia, and between Ottawa and Burlington, was projected' about this time, and it was built some time later. It became known as the Kansas City, Burlington & Santa Fe Railroad, operated in con- nection with the Kansas City, Lawrence & Southern Railroad. In 1873 there was a futile attempt made to secure a union of interest between the Kansas City, Wyandotte & Northwestern '■ narrow gauge " Railroad and that of the Keokuk & Kansas City Company, projected from Keokuk to Kansas City : and a road was strongly advocated from Kansas City northward toward Chariton, Iowa. The panic of this year resulted so disastrously to the railway inter- ests of Kansas City that little progress was made in railroad construc- tion for three or four years ensuing. One of the first companies to take advantage, on any considerable scale, of the revival of commerce, was the Chicago & Alton, which, it will be remembered, had extended its line to Mexico, Mo., on the old Louisiana charter, and for some years had been making its connection to Kansas City from that place over the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railroad. February 27, 1877, the president and other oificials of that road visited Kansas City to confer with the people, relative to extending that line along the route originallj' proposed for the Louisiflna Road to Kansas City. At a series of public meetings, held during the spring and summer, the sentiments of the people along the route were ascertained, and in the fall a new company was organized for the purpose of building the road. This was known as the Chicago, St. Louis & Kansas City Rail- L ■^ 226 HISTORY OF KANSAS. road Company. It was composed mainly of Chicago and Alton men. Aid was accorded by the counties along the line. The Memphis Railroad projects, in which Kansas City had been so greatly and so successfully interested, since 1S70, reappeared in 1877. April 12 the road was sold in bankruptcy to Kansas City men for 115,025; but jit tempts to raise funds to construct the line were unsuccessful. Other railroad enterprises were more fortunate, however, and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad began the construction of branches from Emporia south, since extended via Howard, Kas., and from Florence to Eldorado, later extended to connect with the main line at Ellen wood, Kas. Early in the year a company, consisting of representa- tives of the different railway interests centering in Kansas City, was organized to build a union depot — a measure that had been for some years under discussion. July 10 the old wooden shed, which had long served for that purpose, was abandoned, and the point of inter change was moved to the State-line depot. The demolition of the old building followed speedily, and the erection of the present imposing structure was at once begun, and finished in January, 187(S, at a cost of 1225,000. Other additional railroad facilities were effected in 1S77 l)y the extension of the Clay Center branch of the Kansas Pacific road to Clifton, the extension of the Central branch of the Union Pacific to Concordia, and the construction of the Joplin Railroad from Girard to the line of the Fort Scott. & Gulf Railroad. The Central branch of the Union Pacific made its eastern terminus at Atchison, bat met with such competition in the Republican Valley from the Clay Center branch of the Kansas Pacific that it was compelled to make rates to Kan- sas City over the Missouri Pacific from Atchison, and it thus became virtually a Kansas City road. About the close of the year it was pro- posed to extend the Joplia line to the Fort Smith & Little Rock Rail- road, in Arkansas, thus securing a through line to the Mississippi River, at Chico, by the latter road and the Little Rock, Mississippi River & Texas Railroad, then nearly completed between Little Rock and Pine Bluff. The great railroad strike of this year ( 1877) extended its influence to Kansas City, and on the afternoon of July 23 freight train men refused to work further without an advance of wages. At night meetings were held by the strikers, and in Kansas City, Mo., on the following day a mob of lawless men, chiefly idlers, paraded the streets and forbade laborers of nearly every kind to work longer. Tbese ominous proceedings aroused the people, and meetings were held quietly and measures adopted to protect property. A company ^f^ _^. ,u WYANDOTTE COUNTY. .227 of men was promptly raised and sworn in as special policp, and this timely provision bad the effect of crnshing the lawless spirit of the mob, who were taking advaatage of the railroad strike to inangnrate an order of anarchy and destruction, such as had recently prevailed in Pittsburgh, Penn. Many laborers in what is now Kansas City, Kas.. were involved in this movement. The trouble was mainly confined to the railroad men and their employes, who succeeded in amicably adjust- ing their differences, and freight business was resumed July 30. The strikers did not, apparently, seek a collision with the Government authorities, which would have resulted from their stopping the mails, and as passenger trains were mail trains, passenger trafSc was not interfered with. Arrangements for building the extension of the Chicago & Alton Eailroad were completed in January, 1878, except for the right of way through Kansas City, Mo., and this was secured August 8. The construction of the road was progre.ssing rapidly below, and Decem- ber i the work was begun here. Chief among railway extensions this year was that of the Chicago & Alton from Mexico, Mo. , to Kansas City, making another through line to Chicago and St. Louis. This road was nearly completed during the year, and was opened for busi- ness April 18, 1879, but did not begin running passenger trains until May 13. The next in immediate importance, if it was not the most im- portant for Kansas City, was the extension of the Atchinson, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, from Pueblo, Colo., to Clifton, N. M., with a view to further extension to a connection with the Southern Pacific of California, making a southern trans-continental route more valuable than the Union Pacific. This road also built a branch to Leadville, Colo., to afford railroad facilities to the rich San Juan country. The line of the Central branch of the Union Pacific was extended to Beloit, Kas., bringing to Kansas City the trade of the upper Republican and Solomon Valleys. The Kansas Pacific extended its Clay Center branch to Clyde, and built a branch from Solomon City to Minneapolis, with the same general effect as the extension of the Central branch. The Kansas City, Burlington & Santa Fe Railroad was further extended from "Williamsburg to Burlington, bringing to Kansas City an impor- tant addition to her trade from the southwestern part of Central Kan- sas. The pool that had existed since September, 1876, was dissolved March, 1878, and then followed the first severe railroad war in which Kansas City lines were involved. This fight was apparently sought by the St. Louis lines as against those leading to Chicago, and was in- J. 228 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. augurated April 1, by the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railroad, with a cut of rates to about one-third, and raged furiously for a short time, when the pool was reorganized. This year Jay Gould's interest in lines leading to Kansas City was acquired in this manner: He was a chief owner in the Union Pacific. By its charter, that road was required to pro-rate on equal terms with the Kansas Pacific for California business, but it had always refused to do so. Mr. T. F. Oakes, general superintendent of the Kansas Pacific, was now able to afFord his company efficient aid in its long struggle with the Union Pacific for its charter rights. Early in the year he induced Mr. ChafFee, of Colorado, to introduce into Congress a bill to compel the Union Pacific to respect the rights of the Kansas Pacific, and a largely attended public meeting held in Kansas City, February 8, indorsed it strongly and memorialized Cong'ress on the subject, and similar action taken at other places resulted in the favor- able reporting of the bijl in March, with a good prospect for its pas- sage. Gould could not successfully oppose the measure, and in April he sent agents to St. Louis, who bought a controlling interest in the Kansas Pacific, and thus withdrew the opposition of that company. In June the Kansas Pacific and Union Pacific Railroad Companies pooled oa Colorado business, but the through rates to California which the friends of the Kansas Pacific had sought were not granted. With the opening of 1879 the building and extension of railroads was revived. The Kansaa City, Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad built a branch from Baxter's Springs to Joplin. The Kansas City, Lawrence <& Southern extended its Independence branch to Greenwood, with a view to pushing it through to Arkansas City. The main line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe was extended from Clifton to Las Vegas, N. M. , its Cottonwood Valley branch to MePherson, its Eureka branch to Howard, and its Wichita branch to Wellington and Arkan- sas City. The Clay Center branch of the Kansas Pacific was extended to Concordia, and the Solomon Valley branch to Beloit, and a branch was built from Salina to MePherson. The Kansas Pacific Company also bought and put in operation the unused Lawrence & Carbon- dale road, and bought the Denver Pacific from Denver to Cheyenne, and the Colorado Central & Boulder Valley and Denver & Rio Grande Railroads. The Central branch of the Union Pacific, now part of the Missouri Pacific, extended its Concordia branch to Cawker City, and built a branch to Kinoni and Stockton. The Atchison & Nebraska road was extended from Lincoln to Columbus, and the St. Joseph & 7"^=^^ Denver to m connection with the Union Pacific. Th(i ill-fated Kansas City & Memphis road was sold to Boston capitalists, who proposed to build about 100 miles during the succeeding year, and extend it afterward as occasion might require. The Burlington & Southeast- ern Eailroad. then running from Burlington. Iowa, to Laclede, Mo., projected an extension to Kansas City, and made four extensions with that view. The Kansas City & Northeastern Company surveyed a line from Kansas City to Chillicothe, Mo., with a view to early con- struction. The Missouri Pacitio Company extended its line between Holden and Paola to Ottawa, and built the old Fall Kiver Railroad from Paola to Leroy. The Lexington & Southern from Pleasant Hill, on the Missouri Pacific, to Nevada, on the Missouri, Kansas & Texas, had been projected. Jay Gould and his associates, who previ- ously controlled the Union and Kansas Pacific and St. Joseph & Denver Railroads west of the Missouri River, and the Wabash road east of the Mississippi, early in the year bought a controlling interest in the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern, and consolidated it with the AVabash, under the name of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific. The roads, except the Union Pacific, were now connected. To make connection with that the Pattonsburg branch of the St. Louis, Kansas Cit}' and Northern was extended to Omaha. Not long afterward Gould and his associates bought the Missouri Pacific and the Central branch of the Union Pacific, and consolidated them, making two divisions, connecting at Kansas City. They also secured an interest in the Han- nibal & St. Joseph Eailroad, during the year, and afterward bought the Missouri, Kansas & Texas. In June the Fort Scott Company bought the Springfield & Western Missouri Railroad and completed it, soon after, to a junction with the main line at Fort Scott. In No- vember, Gould bought the Kansas City & Eastern (narrow gauge) road, and in December it was leased to and became a division of the Missouri Pacific. In December the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Company made a contract with the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad Company for ti-ackway rights over its line from Cameron, Mo., and January 1, 1880, it began to riin its trains to Kansas City. There was another freight-rate war in 1879, and much promiscuous cutting was done. The pooling ariangement had been dissolved in view of the early completion of the Chicago & Alton Railroad to Kansas City. The road was open for business April 18, but did not begin running passenger trains until May 13. The war was caused by this line's allotment of business to St. Louis, and was begun by 230 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. roads concentrating in that city. During the summer the contracts between the Hannibal & St. Joseph and the Wabash Raih'oad Com- panies expired, by which the latter had used the track of the former from Arnold Station to the bridge. A spirited contest between the two companies ensued. The Wabash Company built a track of its own, and made a new bridge contract, but the end of the trouble was reached only after litigation. The railroad interests of Kansas City grew in 1880. The Lexing- ton & Southern Railroad, extending from Pleasant Hill, on the Mis- souri Pacific, to Nevada, on the Missouri, Kansas & Texas, was built. Soon it was consolidated with the Missouri Pacific, and trains Were run from Kansas City to Texas, by that route, over the Missouri, Kansas & Texas. The Manhattan, Alma & Burlingame road was built from Burlingame, on the Atchison. Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, to Man- hattan, on the Union Pacific. A branch of the Fort Scott road was built from Prescott, Kas., to Rich Hill, Mo., to reach the coal fields of Bates County, Mo. A long needed switch was built from the main line of this road, near Turkey Creek, into the southern part of Kan- sas City, Mo. In July the Wabash Company completed a line into Chicago, which was the fourth through line between Kansas City and Chicago. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company ex- tended its main line westward, reaching El Paso, N. M. , early in J8S1, and in March it connected with the Southern Pacific, of California, forming a second line across the continent via Kansas City. The Fort Scott Railroad Company built part of the line between Fort Scott and Springfield, with a view to extending it to Memphis. There were some other important extensions. In January, 1880, the Central branch of the Union Pacific, west from Atchison, became a division of the Missouri Pacific, and in March was consolidated with the Union Pacific. A little later the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council BlufPs road was sold to the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Com- pany, and the Kansas City, Lawrence & Southern Railroad to the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company. In May the Mis- souri, Kansas & Texas Railroad was leased for ninety-nine years by the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company. In February the general offices of the Union Pacific Railroad Company were consolidated and located at Omaha, and in May the long fought-for through rates to the Pacific by this line were granted to Kansas City. The old Memphis road, which had been bought in Kansas City, was sold, December, 1879, to Messrs. Lyman and Cross, of the Missouri, ' "JF WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 231 Kansas & Texas Railroad, but they failed to execute the contract. In January, 1880, it was again contracted to J. I. Brooks and others, by whom it was reorganized, in June, as the Kansas City & Southern. Some surveys were made, but little further was accomplished till early in 1881, when the company was reorganized with additional capital, and measures were taken looking to the early construction of the line. In January, 1880, the Wyandotte, Oskaloosa & Western (• narrow gauge") Railroad Company was organized in Wyandotte, but it took no active measures. The Union Transit Company was organized in Kansas City in March. Its object was to take charge of switching for the various roads centering here. Land was purchased for yards west of the Kaw. In April the Des Moines & Kansas City Railroad Com- pany was organized at Des Moines, Iowa, to build a line between the two cities, and surveys were soon after begun. The Kansas City Rail- road Company was organized in Kansas City in December, with T. B. Bullene as president, to build a railroad from Kansas City to Salina, Kas. , through Baldwin City, Osage City and Council Grove, and about the same time the Kansas City, Nebraska & Northwestern Railroad Company was organized in Kansas City, with a view to the construc- tion of a line from Kansas City to Falls City, Neb. , by way of Oska- loosa and Valley Falls, Kas. In July the new Wabash line was opened into Chicago, and on October 16 the railway war was resumed and con- tinued with violence for a few days. Then, after a cessation of hos- tilities for a few weeks, the conflict became more spirited than ever. The roads to St. Louis were quickly involved, and later those east of Chicago and St. Louis. The Memphis branch of the Kansas City & Fort Scott Railroad, which, at the opening of 1881, was completed nearly to Springfield, Mo., was finished to that point during the year, opening up to Kansas City a larger trade field in Southwest Missouri than it had hitherto had access to. Another road of not less importance was the Lexington & Southern, completed during 1880, between Pleasant Hill and Nevada, and extended during 1881 to Carthage, Mo. This road was operated from the first as a branch of the Missouri Pacific, and early in the year trains were put on between Kansas City and Galveston. This also enhanced Kansas City's Missouri trade, and opened to her a larger field in Texas. Another road of considerable benefit to her trade in Southern Kansas was the St. Louis, Fort Scott & Wichita, constructed during the year from Fort Scott westward to Yates Cen- ter. It was operated in connection with the Missouri Pacific from ► V ^1 Fort Scott, and tbe trade along tbe line reached Kansas City by way of the Lexington & Southern. Another railway change in the same locality that contributed to the advaatage of Kansas City was the pur- chase of the Missouri, Kansas & Colorado Railroad, from Messer to Cherryvale, by the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad Company. This road had been formerly operated in connection with the St. Louis & San Francisco, as a St. Louis road and a St. Louis feeder. After this date that part of the line between Weir and Messer was taken up, and the balance was operated by the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Gulf Company as a Kansas City feeder. Besides these more important new roads and railway changes, there were other changes of minor impor- tance, which at once or later did their part toward the enhancement of Kansas City's commercial interests. There were several important extensions and clianges in the rail- ways converging at Kansas City in 1882. The Missouri Pacilie was extended to Omaha, penetrating and making accessible to Kansas City the eastern and richest portion of the State of Nebraska. The Chi- cago, Burlington & Quincy Company completed a line from Wymore, on its Atchison & Nebraska road, in Nebraska, to Denver, Colo. , and put on through trains from Kansas City to Denver, by way of this line, and the Atchison & Nebraska and Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs lines. This afforded Kansas City not only a new and competing line to Colorado, but also secured it access to the whole of Southern Nebraska, which was intersected by the lines of the com- pany. The trade territory added by these changes was the best half of Nebraska. To the south of Kansas City the Missouri Pacific was extended to Carthage, Mo., and the St. Louis & San Francisco to Fort Smith, Ark. The former of these changes secured to Kansas City the trade of Carthage and what remained unsecured of the southwestern lead-mining country. The latter, by the connection secured with the Fort Scott road, afforded -access to all Northwestern Arkansas, and, by connecting with the Little Rock & Fort Smith Railroad, gave a great line through the center of Arkansas to Arkansas City, on the Mis- sissippi River, only 400 miles above New Orleans — a line suscep- tible of develojament into a most inlportant southern outlet. In the same direction the Fort Scott branch to Memphis, Tenn., was pushed steadily during the year, reaching Greenfield, Mo. The Fort Scott & Gulf Company having secured, during 1881. the " narrow gauge" road from Cherokee to Cherryvale, Kas., this year changed it to a "standard gauge," greatly enhancing its value to Kansas City. '.l>£ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 233 It also built a branch from Joplin to Webb City, thus reaching a large trade. The Missouri Pacific, and its co operating lines in Texas, made a number of important extensions, giving Kansas City access to new trade. There were several similar changes and extensions, all bene- ficial to Kansas City. The only changes that occurred to the east- ward of Kansas City accomplished the transfer of the Hannibal & St. Joseph road to the Wabash system, which led to the termination of the contract between that road and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, by which the two were made to constitute a Kansas City and Chicago line. Incidentally, one of these roads proposed to extend its lines to Chicago and the other to Kansas City. During 18S3 there was but one notable addition to Kansas City's railway facilities, and that was one of the most important that could have been made. The completion of the Kansas City, Springfield & Memphis Railroad opened to the trade of Kansas City a rich region in Southwestern Missouri and Southeastern Arkansas, and at Memphis connected it with the lines traversing a vast area of the South, east of the Mississippi River, which had heretofore been iaaccessible to it. The prospects for future additions to Kansas City's railroad system were very flattering. There were no less than four roads trying to reach Kansas City from the direction of Chicago, all of which bade fair to be completed within a year or two. Another was projected from St. Louis, with fair prospects, and the old original Kansas City & Memphis enterprise, after much delay and many changes, now gave promise of speedy completion, thus giving hope for two lines where only one had been so long and so ardently struggled for. Three more roads from the cattle country of the southwest were projected, and it was believed they would be built within a few years. It was demon- strated during 1884 that the Kansas City, Springfield & Memphis Railroad was fully to meet all expectations. In this year and the fol- lowing, railroad construction went forward, some new lines being pro- jected and begun in the country tributary to Kansas City, and exten- sions were made to others already in operation. With the revival of business came the revival of railroad building, and the country tribu- tary to Kansas City attracted a large investment of capital in this de- partment of enterprise. During 1886, 1,000 miles of new road were constructed in the State of Kansas alone, all of which opened new trade territory to Kansas City. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Company having purchased the Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe, of Texas, built a line across the Indian Territory connecting it with the Kansas 'i'U' ■ «^ ^f^ 234 HISTORY OF KANSAS. s_ystem, and opened a new line through Central Texas to Galveston. This company also began the construction of a new and independent line from Kansas City to Chicago, which was opened early in the sum- mer of 1888, besides building a large mileage of new branches in Kansas, where it already had a largo mileage, among which is the Kan- sas City & Southwestern, better known as the Paola branch, from Kan- sas City to Paola, Kas. , where it connects with the entire southwestern system of that company. The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Com- pany constructed a line to Kansas City, which was opened late in 1887, crossing the Missouri close by Kansas City, and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Company, penetrating into Kansas, built a line south- west from Topeka to the extreme southwestern part of Kansas, and another to the northwest through Northwe.stern Kansas and Southern Nebraska, both of which were soon to be connected with Kansas City by a line from Topeka. The Kansas City, Wyandotte & Northwestern Railroad Company organized and constructed a line to the northwest from Kansas City, which reached the Nebraska State line about the opening of 1888. Work was resumed on the Kansas City & Southern Railroad, penetrating into Central South Missouri, and the St. Louis, Kansas & Colorado Railroad and the Missouri Central line from St. Louis to Kansas City, were pvit under contract. The Chicago, Bur- lington & Kansas City Company determined to extend its line through to Kansas City, and the Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City Company projected and began the construction of a line from Des Moines to Kansas City. The Kansas City, Springfield & Memphis Company projected two extensions which promised to effect Kansas City, one from Willow Springs, Mo., to Cairo, 111., and the other from Memphis to Birmingham, Ala. , which, in connection with the Georgia lines, , promised to open a new line to the Atlantic at Savannah and Charleston. In the development of the railway systems which supply transporta- tion for Kansas City's commerce, the year 1887 was one of great results. The body of commerce was with the States of Missouri, Kan- sas, Arkansas, Texas, Colorado and Nebraska and the Territories of New Mexico and Indian Territory. In these the total railway con- struction during the year 1887, largely the latter half of that year, was 6,523. The Chicago, Kansas & California (the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Chicago line), the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul (Kan- sas City line), and the Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City Railways were all completed and put into operation, making three additional lines between Kansas City and Chicago, and one additional line he- r tween Kansas City and St. Paul. The Kansas City & Southern was completed to this city and opened to Osceola, Mo., and the Memphis & Birmingham road, an extension of the Kansas City, Springfield & Memphis, was completed to a connection with the Georgia Central at Goodwater, making a through line from Kansas City to all south At- lantic ports. The Willow Springs branch of the Kansas City, Spring- lield & Memphis, and the Cape Girardeau & Southwestern were con- structed to a junction, opening a new line between Kansas City and the Mississippi River, at Cape Girardeau, and a connection with the railway system of Southern Illinois and Kentucky, which gave access to the trade of that section. The Lexington & BoonvilJe line of the Mis- souri Pacific was completed, which opened to Kansas City the rich country in Central Missouri, which had heretofore been almost inaccess- ible. The Missouri Central, the St. Louis, Kansas City & Colorado, the Kansas City & Sabine Pass, and the Kansas City & Pacific, were all under construction or contract, making a total of twenty-three lines in operation and four under construction. The total mileage embraced in the lines in operation was about 30,000 miles, and with connections and branches available for commerce in the States and Territories above mentioned, the aggregate was not less than 35,000. The Wyandotte County Bridge & Terminal Railway Company recently filed articles of incorjjoratiou with the secretary of State at Topeka. The object of the company is to construct, operate and main- tain a railway line. The estimated length of the road is nineteen miles. It will run through Johnson and Wyandotte Counties, from a point on the State line in Johnson County, and run northwesterly through Wyandotte County to the Missouri River, near Trinidad. The incor- porators are Charles Lovelace, .James D. Hiisted, W. H. Bridgens, O. B. Copeland, of Wyandotte County, Kas., and Fred W. Perkins, Charles A. Peabody and Lycurgus Railsback, of Jackson County, Mo. The capital stock of the company is $2,000,000. Kansas City, as a railroad center, is stronger today than at any time in her history. Not only this, but the tendency of other lines is in this direction. As the great western railway headquarters and gateway to the west and southwest, she has not simply maintained her position, but in gigantic strides she has forged far ahead of her posi- tion of a year ago. The recent completion of one line from the north- west has thrown at the very doors of this city a vast territory hitherto out of its commercial reach. No line was completed or projected within the year that did not have solid backing and excellent reasons for its -f^ ^ 1 inceptioa. Immense territories have been thrown open by the pene- trating ribs of steel, and from them all added business relations have sprung. The quite recent completion of the Kansas City, Wyandotte & Northwestern Railway is an accomplishment that is looked upon proudly by all Kansas City people and all Central Nebraskans. By arrangements efFected by the now flourishing Missouri, Kansas & Texas, that road, with its 1,900 miles of line, opened offices in Kansas City, and at once began the enjoyment of a good business. The Mis- souri, Kansas & Texas opened up more extensive southern fields and brought about a much livelier competition, which of course redounds to the benefit of Kansas City. In the way of local improvements, the Rock Island has expended the sum of $1,250,000. This money paid for terminals here and at Armourdale, and covered the expense of a bridge across the Kaw, the building of a roundhouse for twenty- four locomotives and two enor- mous freight depots — one on the west, side of the Kaw, and one on Wy- oming Street. The company's elevator at Armourdale has a capacity of 120,000 bushels. The new machine shops of this company are constructed on modern plans, with every facility for handling any biis- iness that may occur in the next twenty-five years, thus anticipating the prospects for the reasonable growth of Kansas City. Construction on the Rock Island the past year was confined to the branch south fi-om Caldwell, Kas., penetrating the Indian Nation to Fort Sill. The cost of construction on this road west of the Missouri River has reached a total of §31.000,000. Business of that portion of the line shows an increase of 60 per cent over last year. The Rock Island does business throughout the summer resort region of Iowa, Minnesota and the Dakotas over the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern, with which road it has direct connection. This includes the "Iowa route" very properly in Kansas City's territory, and to a large extent heightens the passenger facilities of the city. The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul's 5,700 miles of road, al- though it has been a part of Kansas City's mileage, is coming to be recognized as one of the great through lines to the North and East. By an improved freight service the Milwaukee gave the people of Kansas City remarkable time to Chicago, and a better passenger service is promised. Among the railroads that Kansas City can pretty nearly count on for her list of actual lines this year are the Missouri Central, Kansas City, Nevada & Fort Smith, and the Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas ^ ^ 6 ^ ~^ 5) \ 4^ ^^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 237 City. Although the last named road has been doing business here over existing lines to St. Joseph, it has never had any track of its own to Kansas City. Many rumors of an extension have gone out, but at present there is a substantial story afloat to the effect that the road will come in over the Chicago, Kansas City & Texas, from Smithville, Mo. In order to do this the company will have to build a line to Smithville, a distance of about thirty miles, and buy the branch of twenty-two miles to thi^ city. This it will in all probability do within ten months, coming into Kansas City over the Winner bridge, now in course of con- struction. The Fort Smith road is rapidly approaching the construction stage. This road is to be constructed by Kansas City and Philadelphia capital, and the projectors mean to vigorously push it to an early com- pletion. The shops of the new line have already been located at Ne- vada Mo. , and Chief of Surveyors Bond, late of the ' Frisco svstem, is in the field with his men locating the route. The Missouri Central will reach Kansas City before winter, if the present indications hold good. This will give Kansas City another valuable St. Louis line. The vast Winner bridge enterprise is one of great importance to Kansas City's railroad interests. The bridge is well started now, a large force of hands being employed daily on the j^iers. A quantity of false work has been extended over the water, and there is every indication that the structure will be brought to completion within ten months, as promised. The bridge will be a high one. It will have fifty feet of clear space between the high water mark and the bridge floor, so that the largest steamer, light, can pass safely under it. This bridge is being built in connection with the Winner belt line, which is to skirt the city for several miles. It will also give an en- trance to the Chicago. Kansas City & Texas, by which, it is pro- posed, the Chicago, Kansas City & St. Paiil will become a thoroughly Kan-ias Cit}' road. The Second Street Belt Line is commercially a very valuable one, and in point of good construction is a model. The question of the extension of the Carlwndale line of the Northwestern to Wichita is one of quite as much importance as that of the recently completed Beatrice extension. It is highly probable that this extension will be made within the year. This will give Kansas City a much shorter line to Wichita and the Southern Kansas coal fields, besides affording her a much desired south- western outlet. ik£ The addition of 1,900 miles of railroad by the coming of the Mis- souri, Kansas & Texas, not to speak of the added mileage in the Rock Island extension southwest, and the Wyandotte & Northwestern north- west, makes 1889 a proud year in the railroad historj' of Kansas City. The Winner bridge enterprise makes the prospects for 1890 even more flattering. Over it the Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City will surely enter the city, giving a line as the crow flies to Chicago and the twin cities of Minnesota. Other roads have already made overtures to the projectors of the bridge enterprise, and it is probable that every northern line that is now heading southward will eventually seek an entrance to Kansas City, over the structure now progressing so rapidly. The tonnage of the roads whose rules permit them to give ovitsuch information is reported for the year as follows: Chicago Rock Island & Pacific, 1,511,453,524 pounds; Union Pacific, 1,269,346,740; Mem- phis route, 2,666,832,137; Santa Fe system, 2,665,854,840; Alton, 1,141,057,031; Wyandotte & Northwestern, 423,920,577; Missouri, Kansas & Texas, from July 8, date of entrance to city, 121,396,000; Missouri Pacific, 2,750,603,690; increase over 2,536,179,807 pounds. All the great railroads of the West— the Burlington, Wabash, Missouri Pacific, Union Pacific, Fort Scott & Memphis, Santa Fe, Chicago & Alton, Rock Island, St. Paul, Kansas City & Northwestern, Missouri, Kansas & Texas, and Kansas City & Southern, run in here. The Missouri Pacific, Rock Island, Union Pacific, Kansas City, Wyan- dotte & Northwestern, and Santa Fe have immense machine shops (em- ploying some 3,500 hands) here. These roads have also large terminal facilities here, which they have, from time to time enlarged. They all connect with the belt line, running over from Kansas City, Mo., and along this line most of the factories at present are located. These freight facilities are, however, quite inadequate to meet the demands of the unparalleled -increase in manufacturing. The cry is, more freight-terminal facilities, less delay at Kansas City, Mo., in shiinting and handling freight. There are now seventeen bridges crossing the Kaw River between the two Kansas Cities, some of them railroad bridges, some for wagon roads, others for electric and cable cars, while others again are ex- clusively used for driving over hogs and cattle from the stock yards to the packing-houses. The greatest of all the railroad enterprises is yet, however, to come, in the shape of the Circular Railroad, which is to encircle Kansas City, Kas. This company has been organized with $1,000,000 capital, with some of the ablest men of two cities on its \As r- ^'s a) \ directoiy. The road is sixteen miles long, and follows the edge of the Missouri and Kansas Rivers three-fourths of its length; for the other fourth it crosses country north and south, about three miles dis- tant fi'om the mouth of the Kaw, its easternmost point. The road is double track, standard gauge; it will give special attention to sidings for factories; it touches all the eight packing-houses; it opens up the North Missouri River bottoms for manufacturing. Across the Mis- souri River, on the north, it makes direct connection with all the railroads from the northwest and northeast, and, on the south, cross- ing the Kansas River at Argentine, it will connect with all the roads coming fi-om the southeast and southwest. It will also run passenger trains every half hour, passing through nine additions of the city. It will convey fuel and building material to the doors of the factories located along its line, cheaper than is at present dreamed of. Closely connected with this are the reclamation projects, which have behind them men of big brain and unlimited means and influence. The Van Aiken, or Union Depot scheme, is to span the Missouri River with a four-track steel bridge, from a point on the Kansas City, Kas. , levee to the Missouri side in Clay County. The company has obtained the right to a large portion of the river front, where it will reclaim the now half-submerged land by a series of dykes. Another company working conjointly with the above will build an immense bridge over the mouth of the Kaw, and reclaim some 160 acres of now waste land from the two rivers. These two projects, when f)roperly under way, will give Kansas City, Kas., the most magnificent freight terminal facilities and the finest passenger depot in the West. It will relieve much of the crush and crowding now to bo seen every day in Kansas City, Mo., both in handling freight and passenger traffic. All the large railroads are in favor of it, and are ready to cross both bridges whenever built. If brains and money will do it, the gentle- men at the back of these schemes will accomplish it in short order, if not hampered by legal and political delay. Any one who has looked at the marvelous growth of Kansas City, Mo., will see when these proj- ects are completed, her counterpart un the Kansas side of the line. A Kansas City paper refers thus to the Winner bridge project: ■' The Winner bridge was also started in 1889, and next fall will witness its completion. The enterprise is a great one in itself, and with others close- ly allied with it forms one of the greatest improvement schemes ever begun in Kansas City. The bridge will cost $1,203,000 and will be the finest on the Missouri River. It will l)e for wagons and foot passen- 240 HISTORY OF KANSAS. gers as well as railways, and its comjaletion will ojive to the city several roads now barred by a lack of proper terminals. Mr. Winner gives assurance that from the very start six roads will enter the city over the new strncture, four of which are entirely new roads. By this is not meant that they are new or baby roads. They are full-fledged rail- ways, doing a great business and which must add materially to the prosperity of Kansas City. In connection with the bridge is planned and under construction the Winner Belt Line, completely circling the city, with a bridge at Quindaro, making the bridge an inlet from any direction and an outlet from any. A land company, the third of the allied interest, has bought 1 1,000 acres of land in Clay County, through which has already been built a railway costing $450,000. These gigantic enterprises combined have never been equaled in the history of the city. The capital invested, aggregating over 14,000,000, is niostly from the East and shows that there Kansas City's standing is higher than ever." The next few years will doul)tloss see all these lines completed, unless some great national calamity intervenes to stop their construc- tion, and when done they will make Kansas City the greatest railway center of the West. All these remarkable railway developments mark an epoch of special importance in the local history, and results are shown in the opening up of new territory to agricultui'e, the building of new towns and the establishing of new indu^tries, making Kansas VAty the headquarters for their supplies and the commercial center of the Southwest. There are in Wyandotte County twenty-three post-offices, named as follows: Argentine, Arraourdale, Bonner Springs, Connor's Station, Edwardsville, Horanif, Kansas Cit}-, Loring, Menager, Muncie, Piper, Pomeroy, Quindaro, Rosedale, Summunduwot, Turner, White Church, Bethel, Grinter, Maywood, Quivera, Wallula and Emmet. The county has ten banks, all, except the first-mentioned, located in Kansas City: The Argentine Bank, The Armourdale Bank, The Fidelity Savings Bank, The First National Bank, The Kansas City Stock Yards Bank, The bank of the Northrnp Banking Company, The Provident Savings Bank, The Savings Bank of Kansas, The Western Banking Company, and the Wyandotte National Bunk, repre- senting an immense combined capital. The tirst term of court in Wyandotte County was held in Constitu- tion Hall on State Avenue, between Third and Fourth Streets, June 6, ISuO, Joseph Williams, associate justice, presiding. The court- \i< IS r- -^ efv t 'k WVANDOTTE COUNTY. 241 room was on the second floor, the eastern portion being partitioneti off for the probate court, and the western part for the district coui't. After leaving Constitution Hall the county officers moved into Byron Judd's building on Minnesota Avenue. Other offices (among them Dunning' s Hall and the Kyus Hotel building) were occupied from time to time, until the erection of the present court house on the northwest corner of Minnesota Avenue and Seventh Street, in 1882 and 1883. The site was purchased from H. M. Northrup for §(5,000, and the building, a fine and sightly brick structure, cost about S40,- 000. The ^Vyandotte County offices are among the most commodious and convenient in the State, and Wyandotte County officers are proverb- ially helpful and accommodating. The county has, during most of its history, been singularly free from official scandal. It is worthy of remark that, with few exceptions, the men in control of Wyandotte County's affairs are among the youngest county officers in Kansas. Some references to early acts of the county board relative to county offices and to the detention of prisoners will be found in Chapter XII. In April, I860, William McKay was elected chairman of the board, which consisted of himself, J. E. Bennett and S. E. Forsythe. After talking "jail " for a number of months, in July, 1860, the plan for a jail was adopted, the building to be twenty feet square, two stories, the first story to be divided into live cells, and the upper story into three rooms, approached by an outside stairway, the structure to be Iwilt of planks laid and spiked together. J. L. Hall was awarded the contract for $2,000. Meantime, claims were being allowed Luther H. Wood for subsisting and guarding persons. This jail stood on Ne- braska Avenue, between Third and Fourth Streets. It was burned in 1863. After this, prisoners were kept in the old court-house, chained between chairs and guarded by one Hosp, whose wife relieved him from time to time, standing over the prisoners with a club. In 1872 the county rented a stone barn, on the corner of Armstrong and Fourth Streets, and converted ft into a jail. This was in use until 1880, when the county entered into contract with Drought & Kyus, for the erection of a new jail at the corner of State Avenue and Eighth Street. The iron work was furnished by the Leavenworth Iron Com- pany. It is a brick building, strongly constnicted and provided with modern iron cages, and cost about $12,000. The new jail, not yet occupied at this writing, is one of the most substantial improvements acquired during the past year. The building cost $30,000. It is a three-story structure, fronting forty-nine feet on Seventh and 122 on i— , — ^r-i ^ ® r- -^ « V 242 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. State Street. It is constructed entirely of cut stone, brick and iron, and the generous use of hammered glass and a mansard roof lend beauty to the building. The basement, at present the only floor laid off in cells, is sufficient to confine one hundred prisoners. The total capacity of the jail when finished will be for 400 prisoners. The cells are constructed with a good quality of chrome steel grated cages. Each cell is 6Jx8 feet, holding four prisoners comfortably. The cages are in two rows, with no entrance toward the outside corridor; between the two rows of cells is a prisoner's corridor, at one end of which are two bath rooms and closets for the use of the imprisoned. By the arrangement of locks, in order to effect an escape it is neces- sary to break five locks. The entrance to the prisoner's corridor is by a rotary cage. Besides the steel cages are cells for women, and pad- ded cells for the insane. The sheriff's residence, hospital and jailer's apartments are well furnished and equipped. An underground pas- sage goes fi-om the jail to the court-house. Two boilers in the base- ment heat the building and also the court-house. The county poor farm is situated about twelve miles west of Old Wyandotte. It consists of a large tract of well cultivated land. The present buildings were erected in 1889 at a cost of .§25,000. They contain every convenience, and the institution ranks as one of the finest in the State. The Wyandotte Fair Association organized, secured and fitted up grounds in the northwestern part of the present city, near the present lines of the Kansas City, Wyandotte & Northwestern Railroad and the Inter-State Elevated Kailroad. and held successful fairs in 1886-89. The principal promoters of this enterprise were D. M. Ward, AV. J. Buchan, George W. Greener and J. S. Stockton. There were earlier attempts to establish fairs, some of which were measurably successful, but not permanent. The first agricultural fair was held at a compar- atively early date, on "the Levee." A feature was a memorable horseback race between the Misses Sire Mudeater and Kate Armstrong, two native Indian girls of good families. About eighteen years ago an association was formed and a race track was made in the northeast part of the city. Only one fair was held. The Wyandotte County Industrial Society was in existence some years and won numerous valuable prizes at the Kansas State Fairs and the Kansas City (Mo.) Expositions. Following is a copy of the articles of incorporation of the recently organized Wyandotte Fair Association of Kansas City, Kas. : ' ' First, the name of this corporation shall be the Wyandotte Fair Association. Second, This corporation is organized for the pvirpose of promoting and encouraging agriculture and horticulture; the encouragement of the breeding of horses, cattle and other domestic animals: holding and maintaining annual or semi-annual fairs or as often as the board of directors may determine, for the purpose of making displays of agri- cultural and horticultural products, domestic animals and articles, the products of industrial manufacture, the acquiring by purchase or lease and occupying a tract or tracts of land for establishing and maintaining grounds to be used for said exhibits and fairs, and constructing and maintaining racing tracks in a condition suitable for the speeding of horses, in such manner as may be fixed by the by-laws of this corporation. Third, The principal ofi&ces of this corporation, and its chief place of business, shall be in Kan- sas City, Kas., but it is the aim to make the interest in the asso- ciation co-extensive with Wyandotte County. Fourth, This corpor- ation shall continue to exist for the term of twenty years. Fifth, The oncers of this corporation shall be a president, vice president, secretary and treasurer, whose term of office and manner of election shall be governed by the by-laws of this corporation. Sixth, This corporation shall be under the management of nine directors, who shall be elected annually by the stockholders, and the directors ap- pointed by these articles of incorporation for the lirst year shall elect out of their number the officers of this corporation for the first year. Seventh, The following residents of Wyandotte County, Kas., are appointed as the board of directors for the first year: George E. Bell, J. F. Ensminger, H. S. Swingley, Frank Mapes, W. H. Ryus, H. A. Yonge, N. Barnes, E. L. Barnes, W. L. Wood, H. J. Hughs." A certificate of incorporation was issued to Messrs. Bell, Ensminger, Yonge, Swingley, Hughs and E. L. Barnes, by the secretary of State, under date of June 6, 1S90. At a meeting of the board of directors of the Wyandotte Fair As- sociation. June 10, 1890, on motion of H. S. Swingley W. H. Ryus was elected temporary chairman and H. A. Yonge temporary secretary. The following action was taken: George E. Bell was elected presi- dent; H. S. Swingley, vice-president; J. P. Ensminger, secretary, and Frank Mapes, treasurer for the first year. N. Barnes, George E. Bell and H. A. Yonge were appointed a committee on by-laws, and George E. Bell, H. S. Swingley and H. A. Yonge were appointed to procure leases to suitable grounds for the use of the association. 244 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. Large and convenient grounds have been secured near the Kansas City, Kas., terminus of the Fifth Street and Wyandotte cable line, ac- cessible alike to the people of both Kansas Cities, and preparations were at once begun to organize and hold during the fall of 1890 the first of a series of fairs and race-meetings, which will doubtless eclipse all former efforts of Wyandotte County people in the same line. Wy- andotte County has considerable fine stock, its agricultural and horti- cultural displays are always fine, and the goodly number of local coursers and the increasing general interest in racing, with the capital, energy and enterprise of the projectors of these fairs, ought to insure their brilliant success. The Missouri Valley Horticultural Society met at the home of Maj. Frank Holsinger, at Rosedale, July 19, 1890. Delegates were present from Denver, Lawrence, Topeka and Olathe. Among the prominent fruit-growers in attendance were Dr. I. D. Heath, L. A. Goodman (State secretary of the society) and J. S. Soule, of Topeka, (editor of the Kansas Farmer). After the usual business was disposed of the following interesting programme was carried out: " Education in Flowers," Amanda Evans; "Lawns and Shrubs," George E. Kess- ler; ''LookiOg Backward," Prof. A. J. White; "The Ideal Home," Mary R. Rose. The society is now in its twenty-third year and is rap- idly increasing in membership. The officers are: J. C. Evans, Har- lem, Mo., president; Edwin Taylor, Edwardsville, vice-president; George E. Rose, Rosedale, secretary; and G. F. Espenlaub, Rosedale, treasurer. No attempt to establish a permanent medical society in Wyandotte County has been crowned with success. The last to date was the or- ganization of the Wyandotte County Medical Society, about two years ago, which had an existence of about a year. Quite a number of lead- ing Kansas City physicians belong to the Eastern Kansas District Med- ical Society. The first Wyandotte County election was that of June, 1857, for a delegate to the Lecompton Constitutional Convention. The polls were protected by soldiers, and the votes were deposited in a candle- box, the same candle-box buried in a wood pile in Lecompton and afterward discovered and made infamous in history. In October, the county came into notice again, politically, by the stuffing of a ballot box, and other frauds jjerpetrated at the Delaware Crossing, eight miles west of Wyandotte. It is said that many of the names found on the poll list could also be found in a New York City directory. »iv ^ ^4:- WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 245 which some enterprising citizen happened to have in his possession at the time. Properly, however, the political history of Wyandotte County begins with its formation by the Legislature, which convened in January, 1850. A copy of the act creating the county is given in a previous chapter. The first meeting of the commissioners, George Russell and George W. Yeale (Mr. Veale acting in place of Alfred Gray), was held at the Eldridge House, February 25, 1859. The proceedings of this and subsequent meetings are given in Chapter XII. The county was Democratic, politically, until 1809, when the memorable GlickCobb Legislative contest began, resulting in Cobb's being counted in by the House. Since that time the Republicans have generally triumphed, though many worthy Democrats have been chosen to fill offices of importance. The civil list of the county from its organization to the present year is as follows: First election. — Jacques W. Johnson, probate judge; M. A. Gar- rett, clerk; V. J. Lane, register of deeds; S. E. Forsythe, sheriff; W. L. McMath, county attorney; Robert Robitaille. treasurer; C. L. Gorton, surveyor; Dr. G. B. Wood, coroner; J. B. Welborn, superin- tendent of public schools. 1859. — W. L. McMath, Representative; B. Gray, probate judce; V. J. Lane, register of deeds; M. B. Newman, county clerk; L. H. Wood, sheriff; S. M. Emerson, county attorney; D. C. Boggs, county surveyor; Robert Robitaille, treasurer; P. Julian, coroner. 1860. — W. Y. Roberts, Representative; Barzillai Gray, probate judge; Vincent J. Lane, register of deeds; L. H. Wood, sheriff; S. M. Emerson, county attorney; D. C. Boggs, surveyor; M. B. New- man, county clerk; Robert Robitaille, treasurer; Peter Julian, coroner; William McKay, John W. Dwyer and Julius G. Fisk, commissioners; John B. Dexter, assessor. 1861. — W. W. Dickinson and James McGrew, Representatives; L. H. Wood, sheriff; James A. Cruise, county clerk; Martin Stewart, assessor; John A. J. Chapman, surveyor; Charles Morasch, coroner; Francis Kessler, Richard Cook and Leonard Lake, commissioners. 1862. — James McGrew, senator; Isaac B. Sharp, probate judge; James A. Cruise, clerk of district court; Stephen Perkins, county commissioner; James M. Chinault, assessor; Frederick Speck, super- intendent of schools. 1863. — W. W. Bottum, Representative; Pembroke S. Ferguson, 9 ^ ^. sheriff; James A. Cruise, register of deeds; Byron Judd, treasurer; John A. J. Chapman, surveyor; Eli McKee, assessor; William B. Bowman, probate judge; Benjamin F. Mudge, superintendent public instraction; Stephen Perkins, Joseph Grindle and Francis Kessler, commissioners; Thomas P. Fenlon, district attorney. 3864. — William Weer, Senator; Charles S. Glick, Representative; James A. Cruise, district clerk; Isaac B. Sharp, probate judge; Moses B. Newman, county attorney; Michael Hummer, superintendent pub- lic instruction; David Pierson, assessor; John A. J. Chapman, sur- veyor. 1865. — Isaiah Walker, Representative; Pembroke S. Ferguson, sheriff; Charles H. N. Moore, coroner; Moses B. Newman, county clerk; John M. Funk, treasurer; James A. Cruise, register of deeds; David Pearson, assessor; Benjamin F. Mudge, superintendent of schools; William Cook, Martin Stewart and Francis Kessler, commis- sioners. 1866. — Isaac B. Sharp, Senator; Thomas J. Barker. Representa- tive; Daniel Killen, Representative; William B. Bowman, probate judge; James A. Cruise, district clerk; Rynear Morgan, surveyor; Charles S. Glick, county attorney. 1867. — Richard Hewitt, Representative; Vincent J. Lane, Repre- sentative; James A. Cruise, register of deeds; Jesse J. Keplinger, county clerk; Thomas W. Noland, coroner; Silas Armstrong, sheriff; Samuel Parsons, surveyor; William Cook, Patrick Reedy and Hiram Malott, county commissioners. 1868. — Charles S. Glick, Senator; Henry W. Cook, Representative; Thomas Feeny, representative; Isaac B. Sharp, probate judge; John B. Scroggs, county attorney; James A. Cruise, clerk of the district court; Emmanuel F. Heisler, superintendent of public schools. 1869. — Vincent J. Lane, Representative; John T. McKay, Repre- sentative; Joseph C. Welsh, treasurer; James A. Cruise, register of deeds; Edward Riter, sheriff; Patrick Kelly, county clerk; Samuel F. Bigham, surveyor; George B. Wood, Riley M. English and H. F. Reed, commissioners. 1870. — George P. Nelson, Senator; Rufus E. Cable, Representa- tive; Isaac B. Sharp, probate judge; Joseph K. Hudson, Repre- sentative; Henry W. Cook, county attorney; Emmanuel F. Heisler, superintendent public instruction; James A. Cruise, clerk of district court; Harvey Hortsman, sheriff. 1871. — Stephen A. Cobb, Representative; Hiram Malott, Repre- — Is ,k sentative; Andrew B. Hovey, county clerk; Nicholas McAlpine, treas- urer; James A. Cruise, register of deeds; Edward S. Drought, sheriff; Robert A. Ella, county surveyor; Bryant Grafton, coroner; William P. Overton, commissioner to till vacancy; Robert P. Clark, Samuel Beatty and William Richart, commissioners for full term. 1872. — Byron Judd, Senator; William J. Buchan, Representative; William S. Tough, representative; Henry L. Alden, county attorney; James A. Cruise, clerk of district court; William W. Dickinson, superintendent of public instruction. 1873. — Richard B. Taylor, Representative; Sanford Haff, Repre- sentative; G. W. Betts, clerk of the district court to fill vacancy; Edward S. Drought, sheriff; David R. Churchill, probate judge to till vacancy; Alison Crockett, register of deeds; Andrew B. Hovey, county clerk; Nicholas lIcAlpine, treasurer; David W. McCable, coroner; Francis House, surveyor; Charles Hains. Samuel Beatty and Richard P. Clark, commissioners. 187-4, — Byron Judd, Senator; Sanford Haff, Representative; Will- iam J. Buchan, Representative; George W. Betts, clerk of district court; Henry L. Alden, county attorney; David R. Churchill, pro- bate judge; William W. Dickinson, superintendent of public instruc- tion. 1875. — Sanford Haff, Representative; Henry W. Conk, Representa- tive; Edward S. W. Drought, county treasurer; William H. Ryus, sheriff; Alison Crockett, register of deeds; David R. Emmons, county clerk; Samuel T. Bigham, surveyor; William G. Scott, coroner; Richard P. Clark, William Jacks and Theodore Schultz. commis- sioners. 1876. — Hiram Stevens, district judge: Byron Judd, Senator; Sanford Haff and H. W. Cook, Representatives; D. R. Emmons, county clerk; D. R. Churchill, probate judge; G. W. Betts, district clerk; H. L. Alden, county attorney; N. McAlpine, treasurer; AV. H. Ryus, sheriff; Alison Crockett, register of deeds; Samuel F. Bigham, surveyor; Dr. W. G. Scott, coroner; W. W. Dickinson, superintendent public instruction; R. P. Clark, William Jacks and Theodore Schultz, com- missioners. 1877. — William J. Buchan, Senator; H. L. Alden, Representative; L. E. James, representative; G. W. Greever, representative; D. R. Churchill, probate judge; J. S. Gibson, county attorney; G. W. Betts, clerk of district court; J. S. Clark, register of deeds; L. C. Ti'ickey. superintendent public instruction. 248 HISTORY OF KANSAS. 1878.— E. S. W. Drought, treasurer; W. H. Eyus, sheriff; D. R. Emmons, clerk; J. S. Clark, register of deeds; Francis House, sur- veyor; L. T. Holland, coroner. 1879. — W. J. Buchan, Senator; R. B. Armstrong, Representative; L. E. James, Representative; G. W. Greever, Representative; R. E. Cable, probate judge; G. W. Betts, clerk of district court; H. C. Whitlock, superintendent of schools; J. S. Gibson, county attorney; Perley Pike, county commissioner. 1880.— T. B. Bowling, sheriff; William Albright, treasurer; D. R. Emmons, clerk; J. S. Clark, register of deeds; Walter Hale, surveyor; G. W. Nevill, coroner; James T. Johnson, county com- missioner. 1881.— W. J. Buchan, Senator; E. S. W. Drought, Representa- tive; T. J. Barber, Representative; B. L. Stine, Representative; J. S. Gibson, county attorney; R. E. Cable, probate judge; George W. Betts, clerk of district court; D. B. Hiatt, superintendent public in- struction; J. W. Wahlenmaier, commissioner First District; D. R. Emmons, county clerk, William Bridgens, register of deeds; Walter Hale, siirveyor; T. C. Baird, coroner; T. B. Bowling, sheriff; William Albright, treasurer. 1882. — H. C. Alden, county attorney; R. E. Cable, probate judge; L. C. Trickey, clerk of district court; C. J. Smith, superin- tendent public instruction; E. S. W. Drought, Representative Twelfth District; J. F. Timmons, Represertative Thirteenth District; D. S. Bentley, county commissioner Second District. 1883. — James Ferguson, sheriff; Benjamin Schnierle, county treasurer; W. E. Connelly, county clerk; William H. Bridgens, reg- ister of deeds; J. H. Lasley, county surveyor; A. H. Vail, coroner; George W. Hovey, commissioner Third District. 1884.— R. E. Cable, probate judge; L. E. Trickey, clerk of dis- trict court; H. C. Whitlock. county superintendent public instruction; James S. Gibson, county attorney; E. S. W. Drought, Representative Twelfth District; B. L. Stine, Representative Thirteenth District; Isaac La Grange, commissioner First District; Stephen Perkins, commissioner Second District. 1885. — James Ferguson, sheriff; W. H. Bridgens, register of deeds; William E. Connelley, county clerk; Benjamin Schnierle, county treasurer; J. H. Lasley, county surveyor; George M. Gray, county coroner; A. A. Lovelace, commissioner for Second District. 1886. — Porter Sherman, Representative Tenth District; J. F. Tim- ^ k WYANDOTTE COUNTY. mons, Representative Eleventh District; R. P. Clark, probate judge; John Warren, clerk of district court; Nathan Cree, couaty attorney; F. M. Slosson, superintendent public instruction; Gr. U. S. Hovey, commissioner Third District. 1887. — Martin Stewart, county treasurer; Frank Mapes, county clerk; A. A. Lovelace, register of deeds; J. H. Lasley, county sur- veyor; T. J. Bowling, sheriff; H. M. Downs, coroner; S. S. Sharpe, county commissioner First District. 1888.— W. J. Buchan, State Senator; George Monahan, probate judge; E. W. Towner, clerk of district court; E. F. Taylor, county superintendent public instruction; G. L. Coates, Representative of Tenth District; W. H. Young, Represeutative Eleventh District; John Steffens, county commissioner Second District. 1889. — M. W. Stewart, county treasurer; Charles E. Bruce, coun- ty clerk; T. B. Bowling, sheriff; A. A. Lovelace, register of deeds; S. F. Brigham, surveyor; Russell Hill, coroner; N. Gareelon, com- missioner Second District; R. H. Scott, commissioner Third District. In July, 1890, the couuty clerk completed the compiling of an abstract of the assessment rolls of Wyandotte County, showing the number of acres of taxable land and its assessed value, the number of lots and their aggregate value, together with the value of all per- sonal and railroad property. This abstract shows that the total value of all the property in the county, personal and real, is $12,860,555.2-4, which is an increase of $1,587,793.28 over the values of last year. This is the assessed value, which is about 20 per cent of the real value. Of the 85,269 acres of land in the county, 57,910 are under cultivation and 27,359 are not cultivated. There are 48,707 town lots in the county, of which 8,658 are improved and 40,049 are unim- proved. The following tables show all the salient features of the abstract : No. of Acres. Average Vahie per .\cre. Aggreftate Value of all Lauds. Kansas City, Kas.. . . 2,5,59 178 i8!3.55 15,003 20,975 12,963 15,236 85,269' $963 00 904 27 ■■8'i2 24 34 8 6t 36 70 47 67 S51 95 $2,364,322 767,801 Argentine Rosedale • Prairie Township ub'.ibii 365,261 181.319 475,815 726,185 $4,439,939 Quindaro Township Delaware Township Shawnee Township Wyandotte Township Total ^ h r - V j!^! ,u 250 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Kansas City, Kas. . . ; . Argentine Rosedale Prairie Township Quindaro Township . Delaware Townsliip.. . Shawnee Township... . Wyandotte Township. Total Kansas City, Kas. Argentine Rosedale Prairie Township. Quindaro Delaware Shawnee Wj andotte Total . $13,860,555 34 A little later in the same month a financial statement of Wyan- dotte County was prepared, which shows the bonded indebteness of the county to be $514,520.76, against $540,000 of last year, a de- crease of over $25,000. This amount does not include the indebted- ness of the cities, townships or school districts. The townships have little or no debt at all, and very few of the school districts have any indebtedness. Shawnee Township reports no debt and a balance of $4,500 in the treasury. The bonded indebtedness of Kansas City, as per the report of the city clerk, is $1,772,467.24. The following farm and crop statistics show the acreage, product and value of field crops in the county in 1888, there being no later statistics obtainable: Winter wheat, 4,337: product, 91,077 bushels; value, $70, 129. 29. Eye, 755 acres; product, 15,100 bushels; value, $6,795. Corn, 10,731 acres; product, 536,550 bushels; value, $193,- 158. Oats, 5.609 acres; product, 185,097 bushels; value, $44,423.28. Irish potatoes, 5,375 acres; product, 752,500 bushels; value, $338,625. Sweet potatoes, 533 acres; pi-oduct, 53,300; value, $53,300. Sorghum, 12 acres; value, $305. Castor beans, 1 acre; product, 12 bushels; value, $12. Tobacco, 1 acre; product, 600 pounds; value, $60. Broom corn, 6 acres; product, 3,600; value, $126. Millet and Hun- garian, 152 acres; product, 304 tons; value, $1,216. Timothy, clover. ^-. 4 WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 251 orchard grass, blue grass and other tame grasses, 10,805 acres; prod- uct, 4,3t>3 tons; value, 125.818. Prairie grass, under fence, 382 acres; product. 109 tons: value, §1.014. Total acreage. 37,839; value, i?734.98l.57. The number and value of live stock in the county at the time men- tioned is shown by these figures: Horses, 21,099, valued at $224,910; mules and asses. 699, valued at $69,700; milch cows, 2,417, valued at $48,340; other cattle. 3.009, valued at $60,180; sheep, 558, valued at $1,116; swine, 4.220, valued at $33,760. Total number of live stock of all kinds, 13,400. Total value, $438,006. Summary amount and value of farm products: Field crops, 37,839 acres, valued at $734,981.57; animals slaughtered and sold for slaugh- ter brought $59,349: the value of increase in live stock was $36,402: wool clip. 400 pounds, valued at $72; butter, 100,777 pounds, valued at $20,155.40: cheese, 350 pounds, valued at $42; honey and bees- wax, 785 pounds, valued at $157: milk sold brought $39,500; horti- cultural products marketed brought $36,343; wine manufactured, 4,838 gallons, valued at $4,838; garden products marketed brought $147,501: poultry and eggs sold brought $7,894; wood marketed brought $5,280. Following are the statistics of horticulture in the county: Number of trees bearing— Apple, 95,185; pear, 567; peach, 17,574; plum, 1,771; cherry, 7,048. Number of trees not bearing— Apple, 29,391; pear, 228; peach, 4,098; plum, 1,601: cherry, 1.699. Total number trees bearing, 122,145; total number not bearing, 37,017. Small fruits -acres devoted to raspberries, 199; to blackberries. 51; to strawberries, 47; total, 297. Artificial forest— Acres of trees one year old and over: Walnut, 125; other varieties, 1,904; total, 2,029' Acres in nurseries, 309; in vineyards, 164. Wyandotte County is pre-eminently the leading manufacturing center of the West. The latest report of the State Labor Bureau shows that $12,073,000 of capital is employed in manufacturing in the county, while the value of the product for 1889 was $36,209,311. The value of the raw material used in manufacturing is placed at $32,209,458, while $2,554,817 was paid out for labor in forty-nine of the leading establishments. The manufactories of Wyandotte County embrace basket and box factories, brick clay works, brick yards, broom factories, cement works, clothing manufactories, cooper .shops, corrugated iron works, desiccating works, flour-mills, foundries, foun- dry and machine works, a gas machine factory, gas works, harness ■f^ ■4* ik. 252 HISTORY OF KANSAS. manufactories, haystacker and hayrake manufactories, iron bridge works, an oil-mill, packing houses, planing-mills, publishing and printing houses, a radiator manufactory, silver smelting works, soap factories, a soda water factory, terra cotta works, vinegar factories, wagon factories, water works and woodenware factories. In Kansas City, Kas. , there are seven great packing establishments, which enti- tle the county to the claim of being the second packing center of the world. At Argentine, which joins Kansas City on the south, and which is separated from it by the Kansas Eiver, is the mammoth smelter of the Consolidated Smelting and Refining Company, of Kan- sas City. This is the largest institution of the kind in the world, producing one-lifth of all the silver and one-fifth of all the lead pro- duced in the United States, its annual output being valued at 118,- 000,000. At Lovelace, three miles west of Argentine, another similar smelter has just been put in operation. Wyandotte County has the largest city in the State of Kansas — Kansas City, with a population of 45,000. She has twenty-three miles of paved streets, is lighted by electricity, has Holly system of water works, and has fourteen miles of double track and sixteen miles of single track in street railways, with five or more miles under con- struction. The population of the county is 63,000, distributed as follows: Kansas City, Kas., the metropolis of the State, 45,000; Argentine, a great manufacturing city of the second class, 6,000; Rosedale, a busy city of the third class, 4,000, and the five townships outside the cities, 8,000. The surface of Wyandotte County com- bines the rich alluvial bottom lands of the Missouri and Kansas Val- leys, and the lighter soils of the hills skirting them. Every plant that can be grown along the 39th parallel is cultivated to a high degree of perfection. Evidence of this is found in the fact that for the last eight years, the agricultural exhibits have taken first prizes at fairs and expositions wherever shown. Geological formations and experiments show that coal in p)aying quantities underlies the county, and capitalists are making active preparations for mining the coal. ^; „ 4— - >> WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 253 CHAPTER XIY. The Judicial District aso the District Court— First Session- Judge John Pettit— Falling of the Courtroom— Judges Mc- ])0M-ELL, Brewer, BuRRisi, Stevens, Wagstaff, Hindsian and MiLLEii— The Bar— First Grand Jury— First Cases— First Petit Jury— Probate Court — Important Trials— Wills vs. Wood— The Ice Case— Title to Church Property— Homicides— Lynch- iNGs— The Strike of 1886— Trials of Hamilton and Others for Wrecking Train, etc. The charge is prepared, thelaw^'ers are met. The judges all ranged; a terrible shnw\— Beggar's Opera. tDICIAL DISTRICT No. 3, of the Territory of %^^^/G- Kansas, was what Wyandotte County was made a \ ,t, ^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 255 aod drink whisky all night. The bar generally had to suffer for it the next day. In this connection we can not refrain from giving an in- cident that occurred at the Garno House during one of his terms of court. S. L. Norris, a young man from Vermont, who lived by his wits, brought out a carpet sack of bank-notes on the St. Albans Bank, which had bursted in the crash of 1857. Judge James, Col. Weer, NoiTis, and one or two other parties, set up a job on Pettit and got him to playing poker. The old man was permitted to win nearly every game, and every time he won the boys put out a §20 bill on the broken bank of St. Albans, Pettit paying change in good money. At the close of the term the old judge was in high glee, as his capacious wallet was filled with $20 bills. But when he came to pay Mrs. Hal- ford his hotel bill and presented one of his §20 notes, he learned the bank was broken; a second and a third tender meeting a refusal on the same grounds, he saw that he had been sold. He returned to Leavenworth minus about -1300 in cash, with about $1,000 in worth- less money, a sadder but wiser man." " One of those delightful zephyrs peculiar to Kansas was making everything 'hum' the morning Judge Pettit first opened court in Wyandotte, and after climbing up to the court room, which was on the fourth floor, he was nearly out of breath, being a much fatter man than Philip Hescher, though not so tall. Just as he began to call the docket an unusually stiff breeze sprang up, which made the structure tremble from foundation to turret. When the building began to vibrate he said, 'Mr. Sheriff, can't you get some room on the ground in which to hold court?' The sheriff replied that there was no room large enough unless he took one of the churches. Just then a little stiffer breeze came, and the Judge fairly roared. ' Mr. Sheriff, adjourn court until 2 o'clock and get a church, * * * take a church!' and started for the street, but had scarcely gotten half way down when some one cried out, 'the building is falling!' The crowd made a rush for the stairway, and soon the old judge found himself crowded and pushed to the door, where he barely escaped injury from the brick and debris of the falling building.'' Judge Pettit was succeeded by Hon. William C. McDowell, judge of the First Judicial District of the State. He served until the close of 1864, and was succeeded by Jndge David J. Brewer, who served for the next four years, until 1869, and until Wyandotte County became a part of the Tenth Judicial District. The court was then presided over for the vear 1S69, Ijy Judge John T. Burris, of the Tenth Dis- «^ a ^f^ ^ 256 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. trict. In 1870 Hon. Hiram Stevens became judge of the Tenth District, and served as such until 1882. He was succeeded by AV. E. Wagstaff, who served until 1886, when James C. Hindman became the judge, serving until Wyandotte County was made the Twenty- niath Judicial District in 1887. When this district was formed the Hon. O. L. Miller was appointed judge thereof, and in the fall of 1887, he was elected to the office and is now the present incumbent. Judge William C. McDowell, the first one that served under the State organization, lived at Leavenworth. In politics he was a Demo- crat and a man of tine legal attainments. Soon after the close of the Civil War, about 1866, he visited St. Louis on business, and there fell from the driver's seat of an omnibus and was killed. Judge David J. Brewer abo lived at Leavenworth. Some time after serving as dis- trict judge, he was elected to serve on the supreme bench of the State of Kansas. Subsequently he was appointed and served as a United States circuit judge, and is now serving as a member of the Supreme Court of the United States. Judge John T. Burris lived at Olathe, in Johnson County, when he served as judge of Wyandotte District Court. He still lives at that place, and is now judge of the Tenth Judicial Dis- trict. He is a man of sound ability, and is accredited by some as being the best judge who ever sat on the bench at Wyandotte. The home of Judge Hiram Stevens is at Paola, in Miami County, but his law office is in Kansas City, Kas. He served as judge of the court for twelve years. In politics he is a Republican. Judge Wagstaff also lives at Paola and is a Democrat. Judge Hindman lives at Olathe, and is a Republican. O. L. Miller, the present judge of the court, living in Kansas City, Kas., is a Republican politically. All of the judges of this court since the State was admitted into the Union are living, excepting Judge McDowell. The following is a list of the names of the resident attorneys now composing the Wyandotte County bar: D. B. Hadley, John A. Hale, John D. Scroggs, H. L. Alden, Henrj- McGrew, C. F. Hutehings, L. W. Keplinger, J. O. Fife, Henry McGrew, William S. Carroll, Nathan Cree, A. H. Cobb, J. P. Clark, Wintield Freeman, AV. H. H. Free- man, S. M. Garatt, W. J. Buchan, William E. Stevens, Hiram Ste- vens, E. J. Wall, G. B. Watson, W. E. Vandewater, D. J. Maher, W. T. McGuinn, J. B. Harris, W. A. Snook, H. P. Vrooman, T. P. An- derson, A. W. Karges, F. D. Mills, Thomas J. White, B. Jacobs, J. H. Blythe, L. C. Spooner, K. P. Snyder, W. J. Morse, T. E. Thomp- son, Frank Pitman, Frank A. Leach, John E. McFadden, Samuel S. ^r^ >^ WYANDOTTB COUNTY. 257 Marsh, T. B. Jewell, T. W. Heatley, James S. Gibsou, James F. Getty, G. D. Herring, J. W. Jenkius, J. D. Lewis, N. H. Loomis, G. W. Littick, W. H. Littick, A. L. Borger, J. McCabe Moore, J. M. Mason. N. M. Purviauce, B. S. Smith, I. F. Bradley, L. C. True, August Barthel, J. W. Baldwin, F. D. Hutchings, D. B. Vausyckel, C. E. Cook, N. A. Robertson, U. Hoyt, J. M. Searles, A. H. Kaylor, J. W. Lord, L. L. Sebille, J. M. Asher, T. A. Pollock, D. H. Morse. R. F. Porter, J. A. Appel, Joseph Combs, William T. Reed, J. J. Ketcham, Bruno Hobbs, John C. Hall and James M. Reese. This is a very large and representative bar, among the members of which are found many of rare legal and judicial ability and attainments. The first session of the Wyandotte District Court was held in Con- stitution Hall, in Wyandotte, the record of which read as follows: ' ' The Territokv of Kansas, ] County of Wyandotte. ) Be it remembered that at a district court for the Third Judicial District of said Territory, sitting within and for the county of Wyan- dotte, begun and held at the court-house in the city of Wyandotte, in said county, on and from the sixth Monday after the fourth Monday in April, A. D. 1859, to wit: On the sixth day of June, one thou- sand eight hundred and fifty-nine. Present, Hon. Joseph Williams, presiding judge." The first action of the court was to approve of the appointment of William Roy as deputy clerk of the court. N. C. Claiborn, D. E. James and E. \V. O. Clough then severally applied to the court for admission to the bar as practicing attorneys and solicitors in chancery, and having produced to the court satisfactory evidence of their quali- fications as such, they were admitted, and each took the oath required by law. The first civil case on the docket, Gottlieb Kneipfer vs. George Lehman, was then dismissed on motion of the plaintiff, and at his cost. The first grand jury was then empaneled, consisting of William Walker, foreman; R. M. Gray, Christopher Snyder, John Collins, R. L. Vedder, George W. Veal, J. N. Cook, Valorious Rice, James McGrew, Frank Betton, Charles E. Sawyer, S. S. Bradey, Alfred Robinson, George Parker, Joseph W. N. Watson, Chester Coburn, David H. Toomb, Darius Crouch and James W. Craft. Upon being duly sworn and charged by the judge as to their duties, they retired to their chamber to consider such matters as might be brought before them. ^" J \ Among other civil actions the case of Lois Kinney vs. Charles Robinson, Abelard Guthrie, Samuel N. Simpson, doing business under the style and description of the Quindaro Town Company, and Charles H. Chapin, Otis Webb and Samuel N. Simpson was called, and the defendants defaulting, judgment was rendered against them in favor of the plaintifP in the sum of $393.25 and the costs in the matter expended. This was the first judgment for money rendered by the court. After transacting some other business the court adjourned until Wednesday, June 8, when, after convening, Charles S. Glick and Daniel B. Hadley were appointed master commissioners for the county. Both of these gentlemen then filed their bonds in the sum of $1,000 each, and otherwise became qualified for the duties of their offices. On this day S. A. Cobb, Jacob S. Boreman, Thomas J. Williams and M. D. Trefren severally applied to the court for admission to the bar as practicing attorneys and solicitors in chancery, and upon the pro- duction of the proper evidence were admitted and qualified accord- ingly. Also on this day the grand jury, by their foreman, presented in open court the following: "To the Hon. Joseph Williams, Associate Judge of the Territory of Kansas, and Judge of the Third Judicial District : "The grand jury for the county of Wyandotte and territory afore- said beg leave to make the following report: That there is no jail in said county or place for the confinement of prisoners, and would recommend that the county commissioners procure a suitable place for the confinement of prisoners. (Signed) William Walker, Foreman.'' Whereupon the court ordered the report to be spread upon the record of proceedings, and also ordered the clerk to transmit a certi- fied copy of the same to the board of supervisors doing county business. On the third day of the term, cases were docketed against C. N. H. Moor and John D. Brown for the ofPense of " selling liquor. " At this time his honor, Jacques W. Johnson, judge of probate, was hold- ing court in an adjoining room, while under the influence, it is said, of alcoholic liquors. "D. B. Hadley and 'Billy' McDowell were earnestly engaged in arguing an imjiortant case in the district court, when Judge Johnson called the case of Lewis M. Cox as administrator vs. Margaret Getsler, in the probate court. This case elicited great interest, as two women appeared in court, each claiming to be the lawful wife of the deceased, Andrew Getsler. The assets of the \ ".l^ estate consisted of one small bouse, several barrels of Monongabela whisky, besides numerous jugs, bottles and demijohns of liquor. The little house just west of the old Brevator building was the one owned by the deceased, but possession of that portion of the estate had but little attraction in comparison with the desire to secure con- trol of the liquid portion of it. The attorneys were Gen. A. C. Davis * * * and Col. G. W. Glick. * * * These gentlemen entered into the contest with spirit, and the case was conducted in such a manner as to create a feeling of bitterness in the minds of counsel toward each other; the result was the trial partook more of the nature of a personal quarrel between attorneys than of a trial in a court of justice. Gen. Davis was probably one of the finest orators that ever addressed a court in Kansas, and as he warmed up with his case be became very eloquent. Glick, fearing the impression Davis would make on the jury if permitted to proceed with his argument, attempted to badger him. As counsel grew excited it was impossible to proceed with business in the district court on account of the noise. Judge Williams ordered the sheriff to notify the probate judge if he did not keep better order he would arrest him for contempt. Judge Johnson, on being so informed by the sheriff, sent back word to Judge Williams that he did not recognize his authority to interfere in affairs of his court, and that he had better not, if he did not want to be sent to jail for thirty days. Just at this juncture of affairs Vol Rheincher and John Moody, at that time boys about seventeen years of age, passed by the hall playing Yankee Doodle on a drum and fife; Judge Williams being passionately fond of music sang out, ' Mr. Sheriff adjourn court until 10 o'clock to-morrow morning,' and making a dive for his hat, at the same time disappeared down the stairs and followed the boys around in the hot sun until he was literally exhausted, thus happily preventing a conflict of authority between the district and pro- bate courts." [History of Wyandotte, Birdsall, Williams & Co.] On the fourth day of the session Philip B. Hathaway, upon appli- cation, was admitted to practice as an attorney at law and solicitor in chancery in the several counties of the Territory. The same day a case was docketed, upon an indictment, against John F. Wise for the offense of "keeping a dram-shop." Thus it appears that the conflict between temperance and intemperance began in the first term of the Wyandotte District Court. The conflict still goes on, but the heavy fines now assessed for the violation of the liquor laws show that the cause of temperance generally wins. At this first term of court John -e — ^ J^ ^^ 260 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Burk, Thomas Purtie and Francis Tracy, natives of Ireland, and John Link, a native of Prussia, were, upon application, naturalized as citi- zens of the United States. The first term of the Wyandotte District Court continued in ses- sion seven days. Many civil and a few criminal cases were docketed, nearly all of which were continued. The attorneys admitted and com- posing the bar were Daniel B. Hadley, D. A. Bartlett, Glick, Bartlett & Glick, W. L. McMath, J. W.' Wright & Son, William Roy, D. E. James and B. O. Demming. The original official seal of the Wyandotte District Court consisted of a green wafer seal, with the picture of some species of plant there- on, but without any letters or figures whatever. Afterward, in Febru- ary, 1860, a new seal, containing the picture of a balance and the words "First District Court, Territory of Kansas," was adopted. The first petit jury empaneled in the county was composed as follows: V. J. Lane, foreman; Matthew Mudeater, Hugh Gibbons, Perley Pike, Elisha Sorter, Elias S. Busick, Leonard Lake, David Pearson, W. D. Ferguson. Daniel Croyle, Thomas Sherman and C. H. Carpenter. The jirobate records of the county show that some probate busi- ness for persons living within the AVyandotte purchase was trans- acted while it belonged to Leavenworth County; the first letters of administration having been issued May 11, 1857, to Charles B. Gar- rett, upon the estate of Henry Garrett, deceased. The first probate business transacted in Wyandotte County was the granting of letters of administration, on April 5, 1850, to Mrs. Josephine S. Cann, on the estate of her deceased husband, William B. Cann. Catharine Warpole was the first guardian appointed iu the county, she being ai^pointed April 22, 1850, as guardian of James, Daniel and Lydia Warpole, minor heirs of Catharine M. Warpole, deceased. These minor heirs were the first wards in the county. On April 28, 1850, John H. Miller was appointed curator of the estate of John Warpole, deceased. Jacques W. Johnson was the first probate judge of the county. A list of all of his successors appears elsewhere in this work tinder the head of " county officers." In 1845 Silas Armstrong, a member of the Wyandotte tribe of In- dians, selected 040 acres of Government land, by viitue of Article 14 of the treaty made between the United States and his tribe in 1842. The land he selected is now a part of the site of Kansas City, Kas., and was originally bounded " north by the Missouri River, east by the j^=f.iL Missouri State linp, south b}- the Shawnee Reservation, and west by the Kansas River.'' In June, 1845, Mr. Armstrong took possession of the land, and continued to assume control of it, and made cer- tain improvements thereon, but failed to procure title for the reason that the same tract of land had been reserved in a treaty previously made with the Shawnee Indians for the building of a fort. But, as the Government did not utilize the land for that purpose, Mr. Armstrong continued to hold and control it, apparently with the hope that he would at some future time obtain his title. Again, in 1855, he selected the same tract under the ninth article of the treaty of March 1 of that year, and gave notice of the fact, dated March 14, 1855, to the commissioner of the general land oiHce at Washington, and in due time he received a patent from the Government for the land. Meanwhile other individuals had selected portions of this land, and had settled or squatted thereupon, and had made some improvements and claimed title adverse to Mr. Armstrong. This tract of land has been the subject of much litigation, which has created a great deal of excitement on account of its great value, having become partially covered with the city. Among the cases of litigation the most important one, and the one which settled the cpies- tions of ownership, is that of Willis Wills, Jr., and others vs. George B. Wood and others. This action was brought in the Wyandotte Dis- trict Court, July 21, 1874, by Willis Wills, Jr., and other heirs of Willis Wills, against George B. Wood and numerous other defendants. It was tried by the court in July, 1876, when findings of facts were made as follows: " (1.) That Willis Wills, Sr., the ancestor of these plaintiffs, did, in 1854, file his intent to preempt the land in suit, in the proper land ofSce; that afterward one Silas Armstrong obtained a patent from the United States to the same land, with other lands adjoining thereto. (2.) That to enable the said Willis AVills (together with others inter- ested, who claim title to this and other lands included in said patent) to compromise and settle all disputes in relation to such land of the said Willis Wills, Sr., with the said Silas Armstrong, the said Willis Wills, Sr. did, on the 8th day of July, 1858, join in a power of attorney to one David E. James, whereby the said James had full and ample power and authority to settle and compromise with the said Armstrong all suits involving the title to such land, and to compromise and settle with said Armstrong all questions in relation to such title. (3.) That on the 10th day of July, 1858, the said Willis Wills, Sr., and ^ "^ ' , ^ h J], — r- ^i=^rv ^. 262 HISTOBY OF KANSAS. his wife, Mary Jane Wills, made, executed, and delivered to the said David E. James a quitclaim deed to all the interest that they then had in such land, for a good and valuable consideration. (4.) That on the 14th day of October, 1858, the said Willis Wills, Sr. , died, leaving surviv- ing him the wife and several children, plaintifPs herein. (5.) That on the 18th day of June, 1859, the said David E. James attempted, as the agent of the said Willis Wills, Sr. , and by virtue of said power of attor- ney, to compromise with the said Silas Armstrong in relation to the said claim of Willis Wills, Sr. (6.) That by such attempted compromise the said David E. James obtained from said Armstrong a deed to one three-eighths interest in a portion of said land, and a one-half interest in certain other portions of the same, and that the title thereto was taken in the name of said David E. James. (7.) That in such deed no mention is made of the interest of the said Willis Wills, Sr. (8.) That the sole and only consideration for such deed was the deed at the same made by the said James to said Armstrong of the bal- ance of the interest in and to said land claimed by the persons so exe- cuting such power of attorney. (9.) That in pursuance of such com- promise the suits and legal proceedings pending in court in relation to the title to such lands were dismissed; and that afterward a suit between said Armstrong and the widow and heirs of said Willis Wills, Sr. , involving the title to said land, was revived and a judgment of such court was obtained against the defendants therein; that the last- named judgment remains unreversed. (10.) That in the year 1858 the said David E. James took possession of the land in suit, and has occu- pied the same, by himself, heirs and grantees ever since. (H.) That the said deed from the said Willis Wills, Sr., and wife, dated July 10, 1858, to the said David E. James, was not certified to have been acknowledged before any person until the 21st day of July, 1859, when such certificate of acknowledgment was made by one Luther H. Wood, then a justice of the peace in and for Wyandotte, who certified that the said Mary J. Wills acknowledged the same to be her act and deed, and that one George B. Wood, who signed the said deed as wit- ness thereto, proved that the said Willis Wills, Sr., acknowledged the execution of such deed at the time that he so signed same. (12.) That said last-mentioned quit-claim deed was placed upon the records of deeds for said county on the 23d day of July, 1859. (13.) That the plaintifFs herein had notice of the existence of such last-mentioned quit-claim deed from Willis Wills, Sr., and wife, to the said David E. James, since the year 1860. (14.) That there is no proof of fraud in '^€ 1- ^, J^ ^l4i^ the execution of such deed; but there is a suspicion of such fraud, but not founded upon the evidence. (15.) That the suid George B. and Luther H. Wood had some claim to and interest in said laud at the time said David E. James so acquired title thereto, and which claim and interest they derived from and through the said David E. James. (16.) That said power of attorney was revocable by the majority thereto. (17.) That said power of attorney was not coupled with an interest in the said David E. James, either by the terms of the power or otherwise." As conclusions of law from the foregoing findings, the court found as follows: "(1.) That said deed of July 10, 1858, revoked the said power of attorney, so far as the said Willis Wills, Sr. , conferred power upon said David E. James. (2.) That, if said deed did not so revoke such power, the death of Willis Wills, Sr., did have that effect. (3.) That there was no fraud in the execution of such deed. (4.) If there was fraud in same, all remedy therefor is barred by the statute of limitations. (5.) That the plaintiffs can not recover in this suit, but that the de- fendants do recover their costs herein expended." Judgment was thereupon rendered for the defendants, where- upon the plaintiffs took an appeal to the Supreme Court. James M. Mason was attorney for the plaintiffs, and O. H. Dean and Wal- lace Pratt were attorneys for the defendants. At the July term, 1882, the case was tried in the Supreme Court, and the findings of the lower court were all sustained excepting the one numbered fifteen, con- cerning the interest of George B. and Luther H. Wood in the land in question. On this finding the Supreme Court said: "We have searched the record through for any evidence to support this finding." The gist of the matter seems to have been the validity of the deed alleged to have been executed on July 10, 1858, by Willis Wills, Sr. , and his wife, to David E. James. On this point the Supreme Court said: "If this deed is genuine and valid, plaintiffs have no cause of action, and this they concede. This deed, as stated, was dated July 10, 1858, and was signed in the presence of George B. Wood as a witness. The acknowledgment is of date July 22, 1859, before Luther H. Wood, a justice of the peace, and recites a personal acknowledgment by Mary Wills, and certifies to proof by George B. Wood, the witness, of an acknowledgment by Willis Wills, then de- ceased. This deed was recorded July 23, 1859. This action was commenced July 21, 1874. Willis Wills died October 14. 1858, leav- i> fy '^ ha w- ing as his heirs a widow and children, who are the plaintifFs in this action. The plaintiffs in their petition copy this deed of July 10, and allege that it is a forgery. * * * We shall content ourselves with stating in a general way the reasons which induce us to sustain the rulings of the district court in favor of the genuineness of the deed and of the validity of the transaction. And, first, as to the lapse of time. The deed was dated and signed July 10, 1858, and was re- corded July 29, 1859. This action was not commenced until July 21, 1874, two days less than fifteen years from the recording of the deed. While Mrs. Maples (formerly Mrs. Wills) testified that she did not know that the instrument signed by herself and husband was a deed until a year before the commencement of this action, yet it is abun- dantly shown by the testimony of her daughter and present husband, that at least in 1860 she knew that James claimed to hold a deed of the land. No excuse is given for this long delay, neither ignorance, ab- sence, nor inability. * * * No reason is given or suggested, why, during all these years, the plaintiffs were silent. Having abandoned the land, left it in possession of defendants, and permitted sale after sale, the only reasonable theory is that the plaintiffs all these years knew that the facts were as now claimed by the defendants, and never moved in the matter until prompted by unexpected changes in value or suggestions of ingenious counsel. Counsel criticise, and perbaj)s justly, some of the language used by the district court in its findings, as well as the findings themselves, but, notwithstanding, we think the general conclusions of the district court were correct and must be sus- tained. ' ' After further reviewing the evidence and discussing the matter, the Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the lower court, all the justices concurring. A matter involving the title to thirty-three acres of land in the residence part of Kansas City, Kas., and causing several law suits, is of such importance as to require mention here. The land in ques- tion lies in the southwestern part of the old city of Wyandotte (now Kansas City), south of and adjoining Tau-roo-mee Avenue. On April 22, 1881, H. C. Long, the joint owner with his wife of this land, signed a written agreement to sell the same to B. Gray for the sum of $8,000, to be paid as follows: " $500 by the 2Sth of April, inst., 81,500 in three months from date, and the balance $6,000 in three years, with interest at 8 per cent. ' ' Gray agreed to make payment as above, and to pay Armstrong's commission, not exceeding $100. Also by the -^- \^]« terms of the contract Gray was to have possession as soon as $"2,(100 was paid, and Gray was then to have the deed from Long, aod a mort- gage was to be given by Gray for the balance for three years at S per cent, with the privilege of paying the whole or part sooner. Martha M. Long, wife of H. C. Long, did not sign this contract. On April 28, the time fixed for the first payment under the con- tract, Gray tendered to Long the snm of $500, that being the amount of the tirst payment under the terms of the contract, but Long re- fused to receive it, and then and there repudiated the contract. After- ward, on December 24, 1881, Long and his wife deeded 31^^^ acres of the said 'land to Elizabeth I. Crockett for the sum of 18,500, reserv- ing and retaining about two acres of the tract. Following this, on March 3, 1882, B. Gray brought an action in the Wyandotte District Court against Elizabeth I. Crockett, H. C. Long and Martha M. Long, to compel them to convey the land to him according to his con- tract with Long. The defendants answered by alleging that the real estate described was, at the execution of the said pretended contract, the homestead of H. C. Long and family, and that Martha M. Long, his wife, did not join in the alleged contract or consent there- to. Certain facts wei'e then admitted in the trial by the parties, among which wei-e the following: That if the land was outside of Wyandotte City at the time of contract between the plaintiff (Gray) and defendant, H. C. Long, it was a homestead, and could not be alienated without the joint consent of husband and wife;* that on April 22, 1881, the land in controversy was occupied by H. C. Long and family as a homestead; that under the charter incorporating the city of Wyandotte in the year 1859, the land in controversy was within the corporate limits of the city; that in 1879 the land in controvei'sy was excluded from the city limits by an act of the Legislature, ap- proved March 12, 1879. The point then in dispute was as to the con- stitutionality of the law of March 12, 1879. If that law was valid, the land in dispute at the date of sale was outside of the city limits and occupied as a homestead. If that law was void, the land in con- troversy was within the city limits, and therefore not a homestead. Among other facts introduced, it was admitted that at the time H. C. Long and wife conveyed the thirty-one acres to Mrs. Crockett, she (Mrs. Crockett) had notice of the written contract of sale by H. C. Long to the plaintiff, B. Gray. *By the State Constitution, one acre witliin the limits of an inc-oriioiated city, or liH) ai-ies in the country, constitute a homestead. V 4^ — «- 1 J 266 HISTORY OF KANSAS. The issues formed were submitted to the court upon the admitted facts, and the evidence introduced by the parties, with a request that the court find the facts specifically, and state it^ conclusions of law. The facts were found to be substantially as admitted, and as stated in the foregoinof, and the conclusions of the court were as follows: " 1. By the act incorporating said city of Wyandotte in 1859, such homestead was not destroyed, nor the defendant's rights thereto divested. "2. Said act of March 12, 1879, is a valid and constitutional law, and in full force as such. "3. The said contract of April 22, is void and of no avail." Exceptions were properly taken to these conclusions by the plaint- iff, and the case was appealed to the Supreme Court of the State. The attorneys in the case were B. Gray, for himself, and N. Cree for plaintiff, and John B. Scroggs and Hiiam Stevens, for defendants. The Supreme Court, after thoroughly reviewing the case, concluded that, " The land in controversy was legally included within the limits of Wyandotte City, by the act of incorporation of January 29, 1859; that the special act of March 12, 1879, attempting to exclude it from the corporate limits of that city, was void; that at the date of the contract of April 22, 1881, all of the land in controversy, consisting of about thirty-three acres, was within the limits of an incorporated city, and therefore one acre only, together with all improvements on the same, could be claimed, even if there had been no sale thereof, by Long or his wife as a homestead." The judgment of the dis- trict court was reversed, and the cause remanded, all the justices con- curring. Afterward, B. Gray brought an action against Elizabeth I. Crockett, and H. C, Long and wife, to compel them to convey to him the land in controversy, under the conclusions of law rendered by the Supreme Court as aforesaid, and in July, 1883, he obtained judgment to that effect against the defendants. From this judgment the de- fendants took apjaeal to the Supreme Coiirt, and the justices thereof, all concurring, decided that their conclusions of law in the original case did not prepare it for final judgment. That upon remanding the cause, there should have been another trial for the purpose of deter- mining what part of the thirty-three acres should be reserved as the one-acre homestead, and what part Long should convey to Gray. The court held also, that the consideration which Gray should be re- quired to pay if finally awarded a decree for thirty-two acres, the ^ _ — ^ I U. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 267 tract less the hoiiaestead, should not be 18,000, the contract price, but that sum should be reduced in the proportion of the value of the homestead acre to that of the entire tract. Judgment was therefore reversed, and the cause remanded for a new trial. On May 2, 1884, a motion by defendants for a change of venue was sustained, and the cause was sent to the district court of Douglas Coun- ty, where trial was had in July of that year, and judgment rendered in favor of the defendants for costs. To this plaintiff excepted and took an appeal to the Supreme Court which body held that the plaint- iff (GrajO was entitled to the enforcement of his contract with H. C. Long, and said he did not bargain for or purchase the supposed in- choate interest of Mrs. Long. She did not sign the contract, and was not asked to sign the same. The plaintiff is entitled to what his written contract calls for. The decree, however, for the specific per- formance of the contract, as well on the part of H. C. Long as of Mrs. Crockett, must be so framed as to fully protect such inchoate in- terest of Mrs. Long, as the wife of H. C. Long, whether owned by herself or subsequent to the contract transferred to her co defendant, Mrs. Crockett. The judgment of the lower court was reversed, and the cause remanded with dii'ections to enter judgment for the plaintiff in accordance with the views above expressed. Accordingly, judg- ment was rendered for the plaintiff at the November term, of the Douglas District Coiirt in ISSfi. The defendant, Crockett, then took the case again to the Supreme Court. The trial court, in its decree for specific performance, required Gray to pay at once into the court the sum of |500; also $66 for taxes paid by Elizabeth I. Crockett, and $100 for Armstrong's com- mission; also $1,500 in ninety days; and to deposit in court, for deliv- erj' to Elizabeth I. Crockett, his note in the sum of $5,500 ($500 being abated on account of the homestead acre), payable three years from date, with interest at 8 per cent per annum, payable annually, said note to be secured by a mortgage upon the premises sold to Gray by Long. Under said decree Gray was also to have the privilege to pay the mortgage, or any part thereof, prior to the maturity of the note secured by the mortgage. It was shown by the evidence before the trial court that the rental value of the premises from July 23, 1881, to April 1, 1884, was $120 per annum, and from that time to November, 1886, the rental value was $170 per annum. The contention on the part of the counsel for the Longs and Mrs. Crockett was that Gray should have been required by the decree of the ^4* — ^ =?=4^ 268 HISTORY OF KANSAS. trial court to pay the total fS.OOO (less the value of the homestead acre), with interest thereon from April 22, 1881. The Supreme Court sustained the judgment of the lower court in part, but held that as Gray was not liable for interest, he should be required to pay Long or deposit in court all that was due for the premises, upon the entry of the decree for specific performances, and thereupon the judgment of the district court was again reversed for further proceedings in accord- ance with the views expressed by the Supreme Court. This case was five times before the Supreme Court. [See Gray vs. Crockett, 30 Kas., 138; Crockett vs. Gray, 31 Id., 346; Gray vs. Crock- ett, 35 Id., 66; Gray vs. Crockett, 35 Id., 686; Crockett vs. Gray, 39 Id., 659. There was still some further litigation concerning this property, but it was finally compromised so that Gray became the owner of Long's interest aside from the homestead acre, and the interest of Mrs. Long as the wife of H. C. Long. A case containing valuable information concerning navigable rivers, and the right to take therefrom the ice that forms on the same, is that of Robert W. Wood and others against Robert A. Fowler and others. This action was brought by plaintiffs in the Wyandotte District Court to restrain defendants from cutting and removing ice formed on the surface of the Kansas River within certain described boundaries. Trial was had at the April term, 1881, of the court. Plaintiffs alleged in their petition that Matthias Splitlog, as the owner of the land described therein, (a tract in Wyandotte City) owned the waters of the river to the middle of the main channel, and by a lease made by him to plaintiffs the frontage of the land and the waters were conveyed to them for the period of ten years, and that the ice which formed upon the surface of the waters was the property of the j^laintiffs. They ftirther alleged that they had, at great expense, constructed ice-houses on the banks of the river contiguous to the Splitlog land, and had established a business as ice-packers and dealers at a great commer- cial center, and that the crop of ice which formed upon the Splitlog waters was essential to the prosecution of their business, and there- fore prayed for an injunction to restrain defendants from cutting and appropriating the aforesaid ice. A demurrer to the petition was sus- tained in the district court. John J. Cravens was attorney for plain- tiffs, and Leland J. Webb for defendants. It was argued by defend- ants, in substance, that the Kansas was a navigable river, a fact of which the court must take judicial knowledge, and that rights of 4 «' ^ ' I l9 ^?6 ^ -I 8 ^ l^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 269 jDlaiutiffs did not extend beyond the bank of the river into the water, and that they had no more right to cut and remove the ice than any other individual. Plaintiffs appealed to the supreme court, and that body in its review of the case said, "We think the claim of the defendants is correct, that the court is bound to take judicial knowl- edge of the navigability of the stream, * * * and in taking judicial notice we know that the Kansas is the largest river wholly within the limits of the State; that it has been recognized as the prominent geographical feature dividing the State into Northern and Southern Kansas; that in early territorial history it was, in fact, navigated, a few steamboats going up and down its waters; and that its volume of water is such that in its natural condition it is capable of being used for purposes of navigation, and so coming within the recognized defi- nition in this country of a navigable stream. * * * We know that the lines of the United States surveys do not cross the channel, but that the stream was meandered. * * * It is true in 186-1 an act was passed by the State Legislature declaring the Kansas and cer- tain other rivers not navigable; but the plain implication of the act is that the stream had heretofore been considered navigable, and its pur- pose was to sanction the bridging and damming of such streams. It certainly was not the purpose, and the act had not the effect to enlarge the title of the riparian owners, or to recognize them as pos- sessed of higher rights than heretofore. Indeed, where title is once vested a mere change in the condition or character of the current or the uses to which the stream is put will not transfer any title. * * * fijp stream having been meandered, the lines of the sur- veys are bounded by the bank; the patents from the United States passed title only to the bank; Splitlog as riparian owner owned only to the bank. The title to the bed of" the stream is in the State. '"The title to the soil being in the State, and the stream being a public highway, obviously the ownership of the ice would rest in the general public, or in the State as the representative of that public. The riparian proprietor would have no more title to the ice than he would to the fish. It is simply this, that his land joins the land of the State. The fact that it so joins gives him no title to that land, or to anything formed or grown upon it, any more than it does to any- thing formed or grown or found upon the land of any individual neighbor. * * It woTild seem that the one who first appropriates and secures the ice which is formed is entitled to it, and on the same principle that he who catches a fish in one of those rivers owns it." ^f^ 270 HISTORY OF KANSAS. The judgment of the district court was affirmed, all the justices concurring. In 1882 was begun the action of the First Presbyterian Church of Wyandotte against the board of commissioners of Wyandotte County, involving the title to a lot of ground 150 feet square in the northeast corner of Huron Place, at the corner of Sixth Street and Minnesota Avenue, in Wyandotte, now Kansas City, Kas. The church claimed title to this ground by virtue of the dedication by the Wyandotte City Company, in 1859, of this tract for a "church lot." A resolution of the Wyandotte City Company in these words: "Re- solved that a church lot be appropriated to the Presbyterian Church, new school, etc.," was introduced in evidence, which together with the parol testimony of a number of citizens, was by the court con- sidered sufficient to identify the First Presbyterian Church as the beneficiar)' intended. The commissioners claimed title by virtue of a deed, dated April 8, 1868, from the Wyandotte City Company to the county commissioners. They claimed that this deed was a revocation of the dedication; that there being no Presbyterian Church in the city to take the lot under the dedication prior to about 1881, the Wyandotte City Company had perfect right to convey by the deed of 1868; and that the law does not authorize a dedication of land for church purposes in this State. The commissioners were about to begin the erection of a court- house on this property when this suit was instituted, and a temporary injunction against the commissioners was granted. The defendants moved to dissolve the injunction, but the motion was overruled. The case was tried without a jury at the April term. 1882, of the district court, which resulted in findings and judgment for the church. The case was then taken to the Supreme Court by the commissioners, represented by Hiram Stevens, John B. Scroggs and James S. Gib- son. Day & Troutman, of Topeka, represented the plaintiffs in the Supreme Court. This court affirmed the judgment of the district court. The First Presbyterian Church then took possession of the lot, built a chapel thereon, and occupied the premises until 1890. In 1889 the First Presbyterian Church tiled a petition in the district court, alleging that this property had become valuable for business purposes, and that by reason of the bviilding of two railroads, one on Sixth Street and the other on Minnesota Avenue, it had become unsuitable for church purposes, and asking for a decree in equity allowing the property to be sold for $50,000, and the proceeds of the ^I^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 271 sale to be iuvested in another lot and church building in a more suitable location. The decree was granted, and the trustees of the church were required to give bond in the sum of S'60,000, conditioned that the proceeds of the sale be reinvested in another lot and building. The property was sold to the Portsmouth Building Company, and the construction of a large office and business building was begun on this lot in the spring of 1890, whereupon the Land Claim & Invest- ment Company, claiming to own the interests of the majority of the old Wyandotte City Company, and a large number of heirs and as- signees of the members of the Wyandotte City Company, brought suit against the Portsmouth Building Company and the First Presby- terian Church to enjoin the construction of the business building and the secularization of this property, claiming that by reason of the sale of the lot by the church and the abandonment of it for church purposes, it reverted to the Wyandotte City Company or their heirs and assignees. The temporary injunction was denied by the district court, and the plaintiffs took the case to the Supreme Court. The case for ejectment and perpetual injuriction was regularly for trial at the June term, 1890, of the district court. There have been many homicides in Wyandotte County — equally as many, and, perhaps, more than in any other county in the State. To enumerate them all and to give particulars pertaining to them, would require a large volume, hence, only a few of them can be mentioned. There never has been a legal execution of an individual within the county for the commitment of crime. However, several men have been hung under the administration of lynch law. During the Civil War of 1861-65 Wyandotte County was infested with a gang of robbers and pillagers called Red Legs, and after the war closed they continued to make this county their headquarters, and murder and robbery were the result. The many crimes committed, and the facilities with which the desperadoes escaped punishment, caused the people to take the law into their own hands. The first act in which the people took a part occurred in the spring of 1866. " John Tehan, a section boss on the Missouri Pacific Railroad, went to the livery stable of J. L. Conklin a little after dark and employed Conklin to take him to Kansas City. Before starting Tehan inquired of Conk- lin what time it was. On the way over Conklin was shot in the groin. Tehan, who was under the influence of liquor, rode on to Kansas City. The next day he was arrested, brought to Wyandotte, identified by ^^^ J\l '-4^ 2T2. HISTORY OF KANSAS. Conklin, put in jail, taken out that night and hung to the steps of the old court-house. A great many persons are of the opinion that Tehan was innocent." Early in the summer of 1860 Newt. Morrison, a noted Red Leg and desperado, was found one morning hanging from the same place. A few months later two colored men, suspected of being implicated in the murder of one McNamara, were taken from the calaboose, and also hung from the same steps, the steps being on the outside of the building. Afterward they were believed to have been innocent. Though perhaps the innocent sufiPered, it seems that the action of the lynchers put a stop to the work of the desperadoes for the time being. A noted man who sufPered death at the hands of a murderer was Samuel Hallett, who came to this county from the State of New York. In August, 1863, be began the grade of the Union Pacific Railway near the bridge, where the railroad crosses the Kansas River, in Kan- sas City, Kas. He was a shrewd business man, of great energy, and pushed the work of building the road with great rapidity. On the '27th of July of the following year, while with a number of other gentlemen in front of the Garno Hotel, on the corner of Third Street and Minne- sota Avenue in Wyandotte, one Talcutt who had previously been in his employ as a civil engineer, shot and killed him. The murderer then mounted his horse and fled to Quindaro, and there dismounted in front of a house, hitched his horse, passed through the house and into a cornfield, and made his escape from the posse that followed him. It is said that he kept hid for several months, then went away and secured employment on another line of railroad, and no efforts were made to arrest him. This afPair is referred to at length in former pages. Nothing perhaps has ever created so much excitement in Wyandotte County as the strike of the workmen on the Missouri Pacific and other railroad lines in the spring of 1886. Thousands of men in the employ of the railroad companies joined together in a demand for higher wages, and agreed that if the demand was not complied with, they would all, at a certain time, quit work and leave the companies without force to run their trains. The demand was made, but not complied with, whereupon the workmen ' 'struck' ' and left the railroad com ■ panies helpless for the time being. All freight trains were stopped. This caused much inconvenience and greatly damaged the business, not only of the railroad companies, but of the entire country by stop- ping the movement of commerce. The strikers not only ceased work themselves, but did all in their power to prevent others willing to If^ ^ (S_ take their places from working, while some of them went so far as to damage railroad property and even to commit murder. On the night of April 26, 18S6, six men (strikers) attended a meet- ing of the Knights of Labor in Kansas City, Mo., and then crossed over to Wyandotte, passed down the Missouri Pacific Railroad to a point south of the Wyandotte bridge, and there displaced the spikes, fish plates and iron rails upon the track of the Missouri Pacific Rail- road At this place the railroad runs upon the bank of the river at the foot of the bluff, and makes a curve with the outside next to the water. The displacements were made on the outside of the curve, so as to throw the train toward the water and probably into the river. According to evidence given on the subsequent trial, a train passed over the road just about the time the wreckers began their hellish work, and six or eight shots were fired into it. But the evidence did not reveal the names of the persons firing the shots. Having finished their evil work and being satisfied that a wreck would be the certain result thereof, the wreckers dispersed and went to their respective homes and awaited results, fully expecting to hear of a wreck the next Djorning, and their expectations were fully realized. Before morning Benjamin Hortou and George Carlisle, two men in the employ of the railroad company, attempted to run an engine over the road, and at the place prepared by the wreckers the engine was derailed and completely wrecked, and Horton and Carlisle were instantly killed, their bodies being crushed. This was wreaking vengeance upon the ' ' scabs ' ' as well as upon the railroad company. The next day great excitement prevailed, and the wreckers, not being known, had an opportunity of looking with satisfaction upon the result of their fiendish work. Efforts were now made to ferret out the guilty parties. The rail- road company employed detectives, one of whom, George A. Fowle (known as Brother Alfred), was sent by Chief Detective Furlong to endeavor to discover the identity of the train wreckers. He reached Kansas City, and, making the acquaintance of certain Knights of La- bor, represented himself as a special envoy sent by Powderly, the great leader of the Knights, for the purpose of discovering who were the Kfiights that were connected with the train-wrecking, and remov- ing them to parts where they would not be likely to be found by the ofBcers of the law, if they should be discovered as the guilty parties. Passing through the two Kansas Cities and other points, and mingling with Knights of Labor, he succeeded in winning their confidence to j) \, 274 HISTORY OF KANSAS. such an extent that he selected the men he believed to be the guilty ones. Thereupon Chief Detective Thomas Furlong filed his affidavit in the ofiice of F. B. Anderson, a justice of the peace in Wyandotte, charging in substance that on or about April 26, 1886, Kobert Geers, Fred Newport, Michael Leary, Oliver J. Lloyd, William Vossen and George Hamilton displaced the spikes, fish plates, and iron rails upon the track of the Missouri Pacific Kailroad in Wyandotte County, in the State of Kansas, and caused the death of George Carlisle and Benjamin Horton. Upon this information the jsarties above named were all arrested, and on July 29, 1886, they were taken be- fore Squire F. B. Anderson for preliminary trial. This trial con- tinued two days. Vossen waived examination. The Justice found sufficient reason to commit the prisoners, and therefore bound them over to the district court. It was believed that George Hamilton was the principal or leader of the train wreckers, and he was the first one brought to trial. He was tried at the December term, 1886, of the district court. The lawyers engaged on the part of the State were James S. Gibson, county attorney. Judge Henry D. Laughlin, Mar- shal F. McDonald and Col. R. S. McDonald, all of St. Louis, and Bailey Waggener, of Atchison. Those engaged on the part of the defense were C. F. Hatchings and L. W. Keplinger, of Kansas City, Kas.. Gov. Charles P. Johnson, of St. Louis, and Maj. William War- ner, of Kansas City, Mo. William Vossen, who had turned "State's evidence" at the pre- liminary trial, and revealed all the particulars about removing the spikes, fish plates, iron rails, etc. , by which he implicated himself and the other five prisoners, making them all guilty, again testified. The trial lasted a long time— extending the December term of the court into January. It was a hotly contested case and created great excitement. The j ury, after having the matter under consideration for nearly a week, reported that they could not agree upon a verdict, and were thereupon discharged. It is reported that seven were for conviction and five for acquittal. The defendants, Lloyd and Newport, called for a change of venue, and were sent to Miami County for trial. There, in the following summer (that of 1887) Lloyd was tried and acquitted. Newport then turned " State's evidence," and plead guilty to "manslaughter in the first degree." It is believed that he plead guilty to manslaughter by the advice of the prosecuting counsel, for the purpose of strengthen- ing his evidence against the others, with the understanding that he >v should not be punished. His evidence was substantially the same as that of Vossen. There were now two of the defendants ready to tes- tify against the others. Lloyd was tried in Miami County for the murder of Horton. and after acquittal he was arrested and held for the murder of Carlisle. Hamilton had his second trial in September, 1887. The great fight was now made; Vossen, Newport and others testified against the de- fendant. The prosecution was controlled by the attorneys of the Mis- souri Pacific Railroad Company. Great efforts had been made, on ac- count of the defendants being members of the Knights of Labor, to implicate that organization and hold it responsible in the estimation of the public for the crime committed. Unfortunately for the prosecu- tion, this had the effect to make it appear to the public that instead of its being a prosecution by the State against individuals for the crime of murder, it was a prosecution by the Missouri Pacific Railroad Com- pany, backed up by other corporations, against the organization of the Knights of Labor. This served to arouse the sympathy of that class of people who are always predjudiced against large corporate bodies, in liehalf of the parties charged with wrecking the engine, and thus committing the murders. It had become very difficult to obtain a jury of "twelve good and lawful men" who had never read or heard enough about this affair to enable them to form an opinion as to the guilt of the parties charged with the commission of the crime. But finally, in the case of the State against Hamilton, such a jury was found, and after hearing all the evidence, the argument of counsel and the charge of the court, they retired for consultation, and on Sep- tember 12, 1887, brought in a verdict of " not guilty." The attorneys on the part of the prosecution now recognizing the fact that they could not select jurors from the more intelligent class of people, the class that read the news and formed opinions of their own, and the further fact that much predjudice had been aroused against the railroad company, and believing that further prosecution would be of no avail, advised the dismissal of all the cases pending against the al- leged train-wreckers, and they were accordingly dismissed. Several other persons charged with committing murder have been tried in the Wyandotte District Court, some of whom have been found guilty, and have been sentenced to the penitentiary, while others have been acquitted. >^ « k^ 276 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. CHAPTER XY. Freedom and Slavery— First Regiment Kansas Volunteers— In- fantry— Second Regiment Infantry— Fifth Regiment Cav- alry—Sixth Regiment Cavalry— Tenth Regiment Infantry — Twelfth Regiment Cavalry— Fifteenth Regiment Cavalry' — Sixteenth Regiment Cavalry— First Regiment Kansas Col- ored Troops— Rosters of Officers and Enlisted Men from Wyandotte County. To bind the bruise; I since liave labor'd of a civil war. Our armours now may rust, our idle scimeters Hang by our sides for ornament, not use. — Dryden. ^"^NDER treaties between them and the United States, that portion of the territory now con- stituting Wyandotte County belonged to the Indians, when the contest between freedom and slavery, between the free-State men and the slave-State men, began in Kansas. It was not open for settlement by the whites until after the treaty of 1855, between the United States and the Wyandotte Indians, and no active settle- ment by the whites took place until 1857. In 1860 there were only 2,420 white people in the county, and they were mostly in that part known as the " Wyandotte Purchase." The bloody struggle that existed in the Territory of Kan- sas from 1854 until it was admitted into the Union as a State, did not prevail to any considerable extent io what is now Wyandotte County. Of course the early settlers here were interested in the affairs, some being in favor of a free State, while others favored a slave State, but no important events or lights took place here while the struggle was going on. However, "CH riV -^ k. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 277 the territory of the county was crossed and recrossed by the contend- ing parties. A few of the early settlers took part in the struggle at other points, and a few were with and assisted Capt. John Brown in his war against slavery. After "Wyandotte Coimty was organized, and Kansas was admitted as a free State, and the great rebellion against the Union of the States was inaugurated, her citizens arrayed themselves on the side of the Union, and began to organize and enlist soldiers for the First Regi- ment Kansas Volunteer Infantry. A brief historical sketch of the history of this regiment, is followed by a roster of the soldiers serving therein from Wyandotte County. This regiment was raised be- tween May 20, and June 3, 1861. The men rendezvoused at Camp Lincoln, near Fort Leavenworth. The regiment was mustered into the service of the United States, June 3, 1861, the staff officers being Col. George W. Deitzler, of Lawrence; Lieut. -Col. Oscar E. Learnard, of Burlington; Maj. John A. Haldermau, of Leavenworth ; Adjt. Ed- win S. Nash, of Olathe; Q. M. George H. Chapin, of Quindaro; Surg. George E. Buddington, of Quindaro; Asst. Surg. Samuel D. Smith, of Elwood, and Chap. Ephraim Nute, Jr., of Lawrence. While the regiment was lying in its original camp, a rebel flag was displayed at the village of latan, across the river in Missouri, about eight miles above Leavenworth. Sergt. Denning, with a squad of six men, proceeded, without orders, on June 5, to haul down the insolent rag. Three of these men were wounded, but they brought the flag to camp as a trophy and evidence of their success. In due time the regiment broke camp, ' and moved toward the field of war, and on July 7 it effected a junction with the army of Gen. Lyon. Afterward, on August 10, it participated in the battle of Wilson's Creek, Mo., -where it sufl'ered considerable loss in killed and wounded. It then fell back with the army to Rolla, Mo. Soon after Beauregard evacu- ated Corinth, Miss., the First Kansas arrived at Pittsburg Landing, where the great battle of Shiloh had been fought on the 6th and 7th of the previous April. Reinforcements not being necessary there. Gen. Halleck sent the regiment to Columbus, Ky. The regiment led the pursuit of the rebels, as part of Gen. McPherson's brigade, after the battles of October 3 and 4, 1862, at Corinth. It participated in the campaigns against Vickshurg, in Mississippi. After February 1, 1863, the First Kansas was mounted, and for the next eighteen months it served as mounted infantry, being a very effective branch of the army. After the fall of Vicksburg, July 4, 1863, it was ordered to Natchez, ® I « ■ ^ e r- -^ i, \ LlA 278 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. Miss., to hold that post. In October following it was returned to Vicksburg, and stationed on an outpost on Black River Bridge, with picket posts on both sides of the river. It also accompanied Gen. McArthur's expedition up the Yazoo River. Upon the expiration of its term of service (June 3, 1864), all of the men, except recruits whose terms of enlistment had not expired, and two companies of re-enlisted veterans, embarked on board the trans- port Arthur, and moved to Leavenworth, where they were mustered out, June 16, 1864. The veterans of the regiment continued in the service in the States of Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas, until after the close of the war, and were mustered out at Little Rock, Ark., August 30, 1865. The roster of officei's and enlisted men, from Wyandotte Countj', in the First Regiment of Kansas Volunteer Infantry, is as follows: William Y. Roberts, mustered May 28, 1861, as captain of Com- pany B; promoted major May 12, 1862; promoted colonel June 15, 1863; mustered out with regiment June 17, 1864. George H. Chapin, quartermaster, mustered June 3, 1861; re- signed October 25, 1861. George E. Buddington, surgeon, mustered July 24, 1861; resigned March 12, 1863. Joseph Speck, surgeon, mustered June 3, 1863; assigned to vet- eran battalion May 28, 1864; mustered out August 30, 1865. Avery G. Norman, mustered June 3, 1861, as private. Company B; promoted regimental quartermaster-sergeant July 2, 1863; mustered out with regiment. John P. Alden, mustered May 28, 1861, as first lieutenant of Com- pany B; wounded in the battle of Wilson's Creek August 10, 1861; promoted captain May 12, 1862; promoted captain and A. C. S. Vol- unteers July 2, 1868. John W. Dyer, mustered June 3, 1861, as first sergeant of Com- pany B; promoted second lieutenant June 8, 1861; killed in battle of Wilson's Creek August 10, 1861. Hubbard H. Sawyer, mustered June 3, 1861, as a private in Com- pany B; promoted June 8, 1861, as first sergeant; promoted second lieutenant September 1, 1861; resigned July 5, 1862. Jason Morse, mustered June 3, 1861, as a private in Company B; promoted corporal July 17, 1861; promoted first sergeant August 19, 1862; reduced to ranks April 19, 1863. Philip Knoblock, mustered June 3, 1861, as sergeant in Company 4 '\ b ^ ^ 6 ~^ - ^ to fV 4 11^ WVANDOTTE COUNTY. 279 B; promoted first sergeant September 18, 1863; mustered out with regiment June 16, 1864. Aaron W. Merrill, mustered June 3, 1861, as sergeant of Coinpanj^ B: promoted second lieutenant July 8, 1862; mustered out with regiment June 16, 1864. Theodore Battles, mustered June 3, 1861, as sergeant of Company B; reduced to ranks July 16, 1861; discharged for disability May 9 1862. Orson Bartlett, mustered June 3, 1861, as sergeant of Company B; discharged for disability June 8, 1862. George C. Brown, mustered June 3, 1861, as corporal of Company B; promoted sergeant September 25, 1861; discharged for disability June 25, 1862. Velmoor C. Clemmons, mustered June 3, 1861, as corporal of Company B; promoted sergeant August 19, 1862; mustered out with regiment June 16, 1864. George R. Ingersoll, mustered June 3, 1861, as corporal of Com- pany B; reduced to ranks July 17, 1861; mustered out with regiment June 16, 1864. John Warren, mustered June 3, 1861, as corporal of Company B; transferred to Company H November 3, 1861; mustered out with regiment June 16, 1864. George W. Garno, mustered June 3, 1861, as a private in Com- pany B; promoted corporal July 17, 1861; reduced to ranks Janu- ary 18, 1862; discharged for disability June 11, 1862. Dennis Castello, mustered June 3, 1861, as private of Company B; promoted corporal September 1, 1861; reduced to ranks Septem- ber 18, 1861; mustered out with regiment June 16, 1864. AVilliam Lloyd, mustered June 3, 1861, as private of Company B; promoted corporal September 1, 1861; mustered out with regiment June 16, 1864. John O'Donnell, mustered June 3, 1861, as corporal of Company B; reduced January 15, 1862. Patrick Collins, mustered June 3, 1861, as private of Company B; promoted corporal September 25, 1861; discharged December 16,1862. John O. Flaherty, mustered June 3, 1861, as corporal of Company B; reduced December 28, 1862. John Fairall, mustered June 3, 1861, as priPte of Company B; promoted corporal in 1862; died at Vicksburg, Miss., in March, 1864, of wounds received in action. 4 280 HISTORY OF KANSAS. John Johnson, mustered June 3, 1861, as private of Company B; promoted corporal April 5, 1862; mustered out with regiment June 16, 1864. Richard Burland, mustered June 6, 1861, as corporal of Company B; mustered out with regiment June 16, 1864. Henry J. Fairbanks, mustered June 3, 1861, as private of Com- pany B; promoted corporal August 19, 1862; mustered out with regiment. Thomas Grady, mustered June 3, 1861, as private Company B; promoted corporal November 14, 1862; promoted sergeant November, 1863. Valentine Rheicheneker, musician. Company B; mustered June 3, 1861 ; mustered out with regiment. John Moody, musician. Company B; mustered June 3, 1861; trans- ferred to Company C, Second Kansas Cavalry, May 20, 1862; mustered out April 23, 1866. The following were all privates of Company B, First Regiment Kansas Volunteer Infantry, all of whom mustered in with the regiment: Henry Boyle, mustered out with the regiment. Cyrus Bowman, discharged for disability September 21, 1861. Daniel Collins, deserted June 18, 1861. William J. Carlisle, wounded in battle of Wilson's Creek; dis- charged for disability September, 1861. Dewitt C. Dennison, wounded in battle of Wilson's Creek; dis- charged for disability February, 1862. Daniel Donahoe, transferred to Company E November 1, 1861; died in Trenton, Tenn., September 9, 1862. Daniel Emmons, deserted at St. Louis, Mo., October 26, 1861. David Flemming, deserted at Chillicothe, Mo., August 14. 1862. Robert Good, deserted October 16, 1861. Brian Henry, wounded in action near Wilson's Creek, Mo. , Au- gust 18, 1861; mustered out with regiment. John Killen, mustered out with regiment. August Kreiger, deserted at Fort Riley, Kas. , August 14, 1862. Martin Lawler, killed in battle of Wilson's Creek, Mo., August 10, 1861. Sylvester T. Smith, mtistered as a private; promoted second lieu- tenant Company H February 11, 1862; jiromoted captain of Com- pany H October 24, 1862; resigned February 27, 1863. >?-. William H. Nichols, mustered out with regiment. Francis Tracy, died at Natchez, Miss., August 21, 1863. John Van Fossen, discharged for disability May 1, 1862, at Fort Kiley, Kas. John Wilson, mustered out with regiment. Charles Wilstoff, transferred to Company F July 1, 1861; de- serted at Memphis, Tenn., January 16, 1S63. Ely L. Zane, deserted at Wyandotte, Kas., March 16, 1862. Additional enlistments. Company B: William S. Camps, mustered June 6, 1861; transferred to Com- jsany D March 1, 1862; mustered out on fultillment of service at Vicksburg, Miss. Hugh Gibbons, mustered February 18, 1862; transferred to Vet- eran Battalion May 26, 1864:. Enlistments in other companies of the First Regiment Kansas Vol- unteer Infantry: Company F. — Joseph Gilliford, mustered June 1, 1861, as ser- geant; promoted second lieutenant September 1, 1861; promoted tirst lieuteoant May 26, 1862; resigned June 14, 1862. Fred W. Smith, mustered June 1, 1861, as a private; re-enlisted veteran. Jacob Arnold, mustered June 1, 1861, as private; wounded at bat- tle of Wilson's Creek; re-enlisted veteran. Joel Armes, mustered June 1, 1861, as private; killed in the bat- tle of Wilson's Creek, Mo., August 10, 1861. Henry Cooper, mustered as private June 1, 1861; deserted at Lit- tle York, Mo., July 27, 1861. Joy Casey, mustered as private June 1, 1861; deserted at Little York, Mo., July 27, 1861. Jacob Heiter, mustered as private June 1, 1881; mustered out with regiment. Leopold Hipp, mustered as private June 1, 1861, and mustered out with regiment. William Ridler, mustered as private June 1, 1861, and mustered out with regiment. John Rebels, mustered as private June 1, 1861; discharged for disability March 18, 1862, caused by a wound received iu battle of Wilson's Creek, Mo. Adam Reinochl, mustered with the regiment; died October 21, 1861, of wounds received in battle of Wilson's Creek. :T^ ^ »^ 282 HISTORY OF KANSAS. John Roeser, mustered with regiment; drowned in Missouri Eiver June 7, 1862. Gustave Sels, mustered with regiment; discharged for disability March 1, 1862, at Lawrence, Kas. Joseph Muenzenmayer, mustered June 16, 1S61, into Company I; discharged for disability December 24, 1861, on account of wounds received in battle of Wilson's Creek. Hugh Gibbons, mustered February 27, 1862, into Company B; mustered out February 17, 1865. Jacob Arnold, mustered March 29, 1864, into new Company D; mustered out August 30, 1865, at Little Rock, Ai-k. Frederick W. Smith, re-enlisted and mustered into new Company D January 5, 1864; promoted corporal July 1, 1864; mustered out August 30, 1865, at Little Rock, Ark. The Second Regiment Kansas Volunteer Infantry was raised in May, 1861, and was mustered into the United States service on the 20th of June following. According to the adjiitant-general's report, Wyandotte did not contribute more than one or two men to form this regiment. Robert B. Mitchell was its colonel. After the battle of Wilson's Creek this regiment fell back with the army to Eolla and to St. Louis, and from the latter place it returned to Kansas, wher^ it was mustered out October 31, 1861, for the purpose of re- organizing as a cavalry regiment. The rendezvous for the reorganiza- tion was at Fort Leavenworth. New companies were organized, which together with four companies of Nugent' s regiment of Missouri Home Guards, were organized into a new regiment known as the Twelfth Kansas Volunteers. In March following, the name was changed to that of " The Second Regiment Kansas Volunteers — Cavalry." The field and staff officers under the new organization were as follows: Colonel, Robert B. Mitchell, of Mansfield; lieutenant-colonel, Owen A. Bassett, of Lawrence; majors, Charles W. Blair, of Fort Scott, Julius G. Fisk, of Quindaro, and Thomas B. Eldridge, of Wyandotte; adjutant, John Pratt, of Lawrence; quartermaster, Cyrus L. Gorton, of Leaven- worth; surgeon, Joseph P. Root, of Wyandotte; asstistant surgeon, George B. Wood, of Wj'andotte; chaplain, Charles Rej-nolds, of Fort Riley. A portion of the men composing this regiment were contrib- uted by Wyandotte County, and a roster of their names will follow a brief historical sketch. Hollister's Battery, a force of 150 non-com- missioned officers and privates, was formed from this regiment, and with their six ten-pound Parrott guns, did excellent service on many occasions. TI^ _9 j>» Entering the field, the regiment chased and routed several Southern raiding parties, and on October 4, it was sent to Newtonia to re- enforce Brig. -Gen. Solomon. Afterward, on October 20, 1862, it did good service at Pea Ridge, or Elkhorn, in Arkansas. A Confeder- ate battery, consisting of four guns, was captured by this regiment. It was manned and was thereafter known as Hopkins' Battery, and continued to act with the regiment. In November, following, the Second Kansas moved with the army of Gen. Curtis toward Fort Smith, Ark., and participated in the action near Rhea's Mills on the 7th, and in the action near Boonesboro on the 28th of November. Again on the 6th and 7th of December, following, it was engaged in the action on Cove Creek, near Fayetteville, Ark. , in all of which the Union forces were successful. It also bore a prominent part in the expedition which, on August 23, 1863, crossed tlie Arkansas River to Holly Springs, in the In- dian Territory, and afterward captured Fort Smith, in Arkansas, and drove the enemy from the northwestern part of that State. During the winter of 1863-64 this regiment did effective service in Arkansas, capturing a goodly number of prisoners. During the spring and sum- mer of 1 864 it served under Gen. Steele in Southern Arkansas, and did muc h effective work. It continued to serve in that State and the In- dian Territory until its final muster out. It received many recruits in Arkansas after helping to drive the armed enemy out. It did very effective service, and its history in detail would make a very readable book. Some of its men having served their full time were mustered out in April, 1865, at Little Rock; others were mustered out June 22, 1865, at Fort Gibson, Indian Ty. ; others were mustered out at Leavenworth, Kas., at different times; still others were mustered out on different dates at several other places; the greater number of the regiment, however, were mustered out at Leavenworth. Roster of officers and enlisted men from Wyandotte Count}', in the Second Regiment: Joseph P. Root, surgeon, mustered December 28, 1861; mustered out April 18, 1865, at Little Rock, Ark. George B. Wood, assistant surgeon, mustered January 1, 1862; resigned on account of ill health, September 27, 1863. Ivan D. Heath, mustered August 13, 1863; mustered out June 22, 1865, at Fort Gibson, C. N. Joseph Sanger, mustered October 29, 1861, as corporal of Company F; transferred March 1, 1862, to Company H; promoted sergeant ^ 6 r- — ^ a ly 284 HISTORY OF KANSAS. September 1, 1864; mustered out March 18, 1865, at Little Rock, Ark. Wendelin Krumm, mustered November 28, 1861, as private, Com- pany F; transferred to Company H, January 12, 1862; mustered out March 18, 1865, at Little Eock. Ark. John Myers, mustered November 28, 1861, as private. Company F; transferred to Company H, January 12, 1862; mustered out March 18, 1865, at Little Rock, Ark. Englehardt Noll, mustered November 7, 1861, as private, Company F; transferred to Company H, January 12, 1862; mustered out March 18, 1865, at Little Eock, Ark. William T. Ainsworth, mustered December 2, 1861, as private. Company G; promoted corporal May 1. 1864; mustered out August 11, 1865, at Leavenworth, Kas. ; was prisoner of war, captured near Fort Gibson, C. N., September 16, 1864. Wesley Boyles, mustered December 10, 1861, as private, Company G; mustered out January 13, 1865, at Leavenworth, Kas. Squire Boyles, mustered December 11, 1861, as private, Company G; discharged for disability, August 10, 1864, at Kansas City, Mo. Elias Boyles, mustered January 7, 1862, as private. Company G; deserted May 26, 1862, while on detached service. James Boyles, mustered January 7, 1862, as private, Company G; discharged for disability June 19, 1862, at Fort Eiley, Kas. Pembrook Harris, mustered November 13, 1861, as private. Com- pany G; transferred to Company K. April 5, 1862; discharged for disability October 14, 1862, in the field in Missouri. Dionysius Harris, mustered November 13, 1861, as private. Com- pany G; transferred to Company K, April 5, 1862; deserted at Shaw- nee, Kas., May 1, 1862. John M. Eusk, mustered November 2, 1861, as private. Company G; deserted at Quindaro, Kas., February 2, 1862. Jacob Hammelman, enlisted March 20, 1862, Company G; trans- ferred to Company H, April 5, 1862; deserted at Leavenworth, Kas., May 26, 1862. Theodore Praun, mustered January 3, 1862, as private, Company H; promoted corporal March 8, 1862; mustered out May 9, 1865, at Leavenworth, Kas. Augustus Luke, mustered November 7, 1861, as private, Company H; mustered out March 18, 1865, at Little Eock, Ark. Joseph Praun, niustered January 3, 1862, as private. Company H; WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 285 mustered out February 11, 1865, from general hospital at Little Rock, Ark. John Burke, mustered December 7, 1861, as private. Company I; promoted corporal June 26, 1862; promoted sergeant September 11. 1862; mustered out January 10, 1865, at Leavenworth, Kas. Michael McLain, mustered November 30, 1861, as private, Com- pany K; mustered out January 2, 1865, at Leavenworth, Kas. The organization of the Fifth Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry was commenced in July, 1861, Companies A, D, E and F be- ing mustered into service in that month. Companies B and C were mustered into service in August, and other companies of the regiment, up to and including K, were mu.stered in during the following fall and winter. Companies L and M were not mustered until 1863. The original field and staff officers were: Colonel, Hampton P. Johnson, of Leavenworth; lieutenant-colonel, John Ritchie, of Topeka; major, James Summers; adjutant, Stephen R. Harrington; quai'termaster, James Davis, of Leavenworth; surgeon, E. B. Johnson, of Leaven- worth; and chaplain, Hugh D. Fisher, of Lawrence. A small portion of the men comprising this regiment were from Wyandotte County, a roster of whom follows this sketch. Two companies of the Fifth Kansas left Leavenworth in July, 1861, and moved to Kansas City. Their first engagement was at Harrisonville, Mo., where the enemy was driven from the town. The regiment participated in the fight at Dry wood September 2, and in the action at Morristown on the ITth, where Col. Johnson was killed. It went into winter quarters at Camp Denver, and in February, 1862, Lieut. Col. Powell Clayton became its colonel, and assumed command. The regiment was then thoroughly drilled and made useful. On March 19th, following, it made vahiable captures at Carthage, Mo. , cajituring a company of guerrillas then and there forming. Afterward the regiment entered Arkansas, and in the summer following it routed an Arkansas regiment of cavalry from the town of Salem, in that State, and a large force of Texas rangers on Black River, near Jacksonport. The detachment winning these victories was under command of Capt. Criets. Afterward at the battle of Helena the regiment won distinction, and rendered valuable service under Gen. Steele in the capture of Little Rock, Ark. On October 25, 1863, the Fifth Kansas had a hard fight with a Confederate force much superior in numbers, and lost thirty-seven men, but held its position, the loss of the enemy being greater. Following this the regiment did much service in Southern Arkansas and elsewhere in the rf^ '-£. 286 HISTORY OF KANSAS. State. It was with Gen. Steele at Mark's Mills, when the enemy captured his baggage train and a few of his men. On September 17th there was a hard fight at Warren Cross Roads, and part of the Union forces were scattered, but the Fifth Kansas, First Indi- ana and Seventh Missouri repelled the enemy and saved the artillery from capture. The remainder of the service of the regiment was of less note. The men of the regiment were mustered out at various times and places, when they had finished their term of service, and the re-enlisted veterans were mustered out June 22, 1865, at De- vall's BlufP, Ark. Roster of olficers and enlisted men from Wyandotte County in the Fifth Regiment: Alfred Gray, mustered April 19, 1861, as quartermaster; resigned on account of disability March 24, 1864; was on detached service with Gen. Vandever from June 30, 1863, to date of discharge. Lenneas H. Bancroft, mustered April 22, 1863, as private. Com- pany L; transferred to new Company B, Fifteenth Kansas Volunteer Cavalry, July 20, 1865. Harrison Love, mustered April 22, 1863, as private, Company L; deserted, 1864. Four Miles, mustered May 12, 1863, as private, Company L; de- serted at Lawi'ence, Kas., July 20, 1865. Moses Denna, mustered May 12, 1863, as private, Company L; transferred to new Company B, Fifteenth Kansas Volunteer Cavalry, July 20, 1865. Richardson HiU, mustered April 29, 1863, as private, Company L; deserted. Simon Hill, mustered April 29, 1863, as private. Company L; no further record on file. John Moonshine, mustered March 12, 1803, as private, Company L; deserted at Lawrence, Kas., in July, 1865. Little Shanghai, mustered May 12, 1863, as private. Company L; deserted at Lawrence, Kas., July 19, 1865. Thompson Smith, mustered May 29, 1863, as private. Company L ; transferred to new Company B, Fifteenth Kansas Volunteer Cavalry, July 20, 1865. Christian Snake, mustered May 29, 1863, as private, Company L ; deserted at Lawrence, Kas., July 19, 1865. James Thomas, mustered April 29, 1863, as private, Company L; deserted in 1865. ^ ®_ ,^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 287 i George Williams, mustered April 29, 1863, as private, Company L; deserted in 1865. James Wilson, mustered April 29, 1863, as private. Company L; transferred to new Company B, Fifteenth Kansas Volunteer Cavalry, July 20, 1865. William H. Jones, mustered June 25, 1863, as corporal. Company M; transferred to new Company B, Fifteenth Kansas Volunteer Cav- alry, July 20, 1865. Tally Beverly, mustered June 25, 1863, as corporal, Company M; transferred to new Company B, Fifteenth Kansas Volunteer Cavalry, Jidy 20, 1865. Riley Alley, mustered June 25, 1863, as private. Company M; discharged per order W. D., May 29, 1865. Rusha Chaploy, mustered June 25, 1863, as private. Company M; transferred to new Company B, Fifteenth Kansas Vohinteer Cavalry, July 20, 1865. Zachariah Longhouse, m\istered August 9, 1863, as private, Com- pany M; transferred to new Company B, Fifteenth Kansas Volunteer Cavalry, July 20, 1865. Philip Mature, mustered August 9, 1863, as private, Company M; transferred to new Company B, Fifteenth Kansas Volunteer Cavalry, July 20, 1865. Thomas Punch, mustered October 23, 1863, as private. Company M; transferred to new Company B. Fifteenth Kansas Volunteer Cav- alry, July 20, 1865. The Sixth Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry was organized in July, 1861, for the defense of the southern frontier of the State. The original Held and staff officers were: Colonel, William R. Judson; lieutenant-colonel, Lewis R. Jewell; major, William T. Campbell; adjutant, Charles O. Judson; quartermaster, George J. Clarke; sur- geon, John S. Redfield; assistant surgeon, Joseph R. Smith, all of Fort Scott. Garrison duty and scouting was the first work of the regiment. The battle of Drywood was commenced by a company of this command. In the spring of 1862 the regiment was reorganized and made more effective. It then gave attention to guerrillas and bushwhackers, and succeeded in breaking up some small companies of guerrillas under the notorious Quantrell and others; it also broke up not less than eight camps of bushwhackers, killing and wounding a large number, without suffering much loss. In June. 1862, the Sixth won distinction in the fight of Cowskin Prairie, and on July 4, 4> 288 HISTORY OF KANSAS. following, it chased the retreating forces of Confederates, when Col. Clarkson and a number of his men were captured. On that day two companies of the regiment routed the enemy at Stanwattie's Mills and captured a large amount of provisions. The same month a de- tachment of the regiment captured the Cherokee chief, John Ross, who was lighting for the South. In August the Sixth accompanied a command toward the Missouri River in pursuit of the noted Gen. Cooper and his command. The latter was overtaken and defeated at the Osage River. Scouting and skirmishing were successfully con- tinued by the Sixth until September 30, when it participated at the battle of Newtonia and covered the retirement of the Union forces. It then assisted in the several actions which resulted in driving the enemy across the Boston Mountains. The Sixth was at the battle of Prairie Grove, in Washington County, Ark., which took place on December 7, 1862, and afterward assisted in capturing Van Buren, Fort Gibson and Fort Davis, and then returned to Missouri for winter quarters. Recruiting was car- ried on to some extent during the early winter and the spring of 1863. The Sixth took part in the fight and capture of Holly Springs, July 17, 1863, and then performed scouting service until it joined Steele's army and took part in the Camden expedition, being in the skirmish at Prairie de Anne on April 10, following, and the fight at Cabin Creek on September 19, 1864. It participated in many small engage- ments and continued active until hostilities ceased. The men were mustered out at various places and dates, the last of the veterans being mustered out July 18, 1865, at Devall's Bluff, Ark. Roster of officers and enlisted men from Wyandotte County, in the Sixth Regiment: John A. Johnson, mustered July 21, 1861, as second lieutenant, Company A; promoted first lieutenant September 1, 1862; promoted captain December 1, 1862; promoted major July 1, 1863; mustered out March 18, 1865, at Devall's BlufP, Ark. Jacob H. Bartles, mustered July 21, 1861, as quartermaster-ser- geant of the regiment; mustered out November 28, 186-1, at Leaven- worth, Kas. Victor Leivaux, mustered August 4, 1861, as veterinary surgeon; discharged October 26, 1862. Thomas Crooks, mustered July 21, 1861, as first sergeant, Company A; promoted second lieutenant February 1, 1863; promoted captain September], 1863; mustered out March 27, 1865, at Leavenworth, Kas. IN" WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 289 Matthew Clary, mustered July '21. 1861, as first lieutenant, Com- pany A; resigned September 1, 1862. Thomas J. Darling, mustered February 1, 1863, as first lieutenant; discharged on account of physical disability, March 19, 1864. John F. Smith, mustered July 21, 1861, as sergeant, Company A; promoted May 1, 1863, quartermaster-sergeant; promoted first lieuten- ant Company E. Fifteenth Regiment Kansas Cavalry, December 10, 1863. William H. Wren, mustered July 21, 1801, as sergeant. Company A; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, October 11, 1863. Joseph E. Powell, mustered July 21, 1861, as private. Company A; promoted corporal December 31, 1861; promoted sergeant May 9, 1863; discharged January 23, 1865, at Leavenworth, Kas., on ac- count of wounds received near Dardanelle, Ark., May 10, 1804, caus- ing leg to be amputated. Granville P. Freeman, mustered July 21, 1801, as corporal of Company A; promoted sergeant May 1, 1863; died May 11, 1864, at Dardanelle, Ark., of wounds received in action near that place May 10, 1864. George A. Carlton, mustered August 14, 1861, as corporal Company A; promoted sergeant May 9, 1863; mustered out November 14, 1864, at Fort Leavenworth, Kas. James H. Cadell, mustered August 12, 1861, as corporal Company A; promoted sergeant June 1, 1863; mustered out November 15, 1864i at Fort Leavenworth, Kas. Benjamin F. Reck, mustered August 1, 1801, as private Company A; promoted corporal October 7, 1863; promoted sergeant October 1, 1804; mustered out November 15, 1804, at Fort Leavenworth. Kas. Jacob J. Kleinkncht, mustered July 21, 1861, as private Company A; promoted corporal July 21, 1801; deserted October 24, 1861, at Osceola, Mo. Benjamin T. J. Bennett, mustered July 21. 1801, as corporal Com- pany A: deserted November 1, 1801, at Kansas City, Mo. Robert W. Robitaille, mustered July 21, 1861, as corporal Company A; reduced to ranks August 17, 1864; mustered out November 15, 1864, at Leavenworth, Kas. Henry W. Freeman, miistered September 1, 1862. as corporal Company A; afterward reduced to ranks; promoted corporal March 1, 1864; assigned to new Company A, April 8, 1865; mustered out June 23, 1865, at DevalFs Bluff, Ark. -.^ 4.^ 290 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Benjamin W. Hurd, mustered July 21, 1861, as corporal Company A; reduced to ranks February 26, 1863: assigned to new Company A April 8, 1865; mustered out July 18, 1865, at Devall's Bluff, Ark. John H. Cotter, mustered July 21, 1861, as corporal Company A; killed by guerrillas August 20, 1864, near Fort Smith, Ark. Wallace Higgins, mustered August 3, 1863, as bugler. Company A; assigned to new Company A, April 8, 1865; mustered out July 18, 1865, at Devall's Bluff, Ark. The following were all original jjrivates of Company A: Joseph K. Donnelly, mustered July 21, 1861; re-enlisted veteran assigned to new Company A, April 8, 1865; mustered out July 18, 1865, at Devall's Bluff, Ark. John Duncan, mustered July 21, 1861; mustered out November 15, 1861, at Leavenworth, Kas. Jacob Dick, mustered July 21, 1861; mustered out November 15, 1864, at Leavenworth. James Hicks, mustered July 21, 1861 ; assigned to new Company A, April 8, 1865, for muster out; prisoner of war. Southerland IngersoU, mustered July 21, 1861; discharged Octo- ber 10, 1861, at Kansas City, Mo. Timothy S. Lucas, mustered July 21, 1861; mustered out Novem- ber 15, 1864, at Leavenworth. Benjamin F. Russell, mustered July 21, 1861; re-enlisted veteran; assigned to new Company A, April 8, 1865; mustered out August 14, 1864, at Leavenworth. James E. Bishop, enlisted April 1, 1863; mustered August 3, 1863; assigned to new Company A, April 8, 1865; mustered out July 18, 1865, at Devall's Bluff, Ark. James W. Duncan, mustered October 28, 1861; re-enlisted veteran; assigned to new Company A, April 8, 1865; promoted bugler; mus- tered out July 18, 1865, at Devall's Bluff, Ark. Theodore Grindle, mustered August 4, 1861; mustered out Novem- ber 15, 1864, at Leavenworth. Silas Greyeyes, mustered October 7, 1861; mustered out Novem- ber 15, 1864, at Leavenworth. Thomas F. Heisler, mustered August 18, 1861; promoted quarter- master-sergeant January 1, 1864. Charles E. Hanford, mustered March 1, 1862; re enlisted veteran; assigned to new Company A, April 8, 1864; mustered out July 18, 1865, at Devall's Bluff', Ark. i> \ m^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 291 Joseph Hanfovd, mustered February 1, 1862; re-enlisted veteran; assigned to new Company A, April 8, 18fi5; mustered out July 18, 1865, at Devall's Bluff, Ark. Peter White, mustered March 5. 18l)4; assigned to new Company A, April 8, 1865; mustered out July 18, 1865, at Devall's Bluff, Ark. John W. "Whitham, mustered August 12, 1861, as a private in Company B; re- enlisted veteran; assigned to Company M, April 8, 1865, mustered out July 18, 1865, at Devall's Bluff, Ark. Officers and enlisted men of Company G, Sixth Kansas Volunteer Cavalry : Nathaniel B. Lucas, mustered February 4, 1862, as captain; trans- ferred, as captain, to Eighteenth United States Colored Volunteers April 6, 1864. Ebenezer W. Lucas, mustered October 10, 1861, as private; pro- moted corporal January 1, 1862; promoted sergeant May 2, 1862; promoted first sergeant September 1, 1862; promoted second lieuten- ant January 1, 1864; promoted first lieutenant March 15, 1865; mustered out May 19, 1865, at Devall's Bluff, Ark. Daniel Brayman, mustered December 10, 1861, as private; pro- moted corporal May 1, 1862; promoted sergeant September 15, 1862 ; promoted second lieutenant and assigned to duty as such, but was never mustered; mustered out November 15, 1864, at Leavenworth, Kas. Samuel J. Martin, mustered December 18, 1861, as private; pro- moted corporal September 1, 1862; promoted sergeant September 15, 1862; wounded in action March 18, 1864, near Roseville, Ark., through right thigh, limb amputated; sent to hospital at St. Louis; no evidence of muster out on file. Beverly Lancaster, mustered December 10, 1861, as private; pro- moted corporal May 28, 1864; mustered out November 15, 1864, at Leavenworth, Kas. Allen T. Wright, mustered January 18, 1863, as farrier; reduced to ranks; mustered out July 18, 1865, at Devall's Bluff, Ark. Thomas S. Karnes, mustered December 10, 1861, as private; dis- charged for disability January 21, 1864, at Fort Smith, Ark., on account of wounds received in action at Backbone Mountain, Ark. Frederick Dodd, mustered May 26, 1863; deserted at Fort Scott, Kas., September 7, 1863. Jacob High, mustered May 26, 1863, as private. Company I; mus- tered out with regiment. 4 9 v?> 292 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. George A. Coray, mustered May 26, 1863, as private of Company I; promoted corporal May 26, 1863; mustered out July 18. 1865, at Devall's Bluff, Ark. James Peacock, mustered May 26, 1863, as private. Company I; no evidence of muster out on file. David N. Rogers, mustered May 26, 1863, as private. Company I; discharged for disability January 20, 1864, at Fort Smith, Ark. Raif Steele, mustered May 26, 1863, as private, Company I; mus- tered out July 18, 1865, at Devall's Bluff, Ark. Roster of officers and enlisted men of Company M, Sixth Regi- ment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry: Lemuel P. Ketchum, mustered July 23, 1863, as commissary ser- geant; discharged for disability November 13, 1863, at Kansas City, Mo. Josiah Wonsetter, mustered as private November 5, 1863; pro- moted sergeant July 23,1863; promoted commissary sergeant May 15, 1865; mustered out July 18, 1865, at Devall's Bluff, Ark. William R. Ketchum, mustered July 23. 1863, as sergeant; mus- tered out with regiment. Tillman A. H. Alsup, mustered July 23, 1863, as private; promoted corporal December 1, 1863; mustered out with regiment. Jackson Bullett, mustered July 23, 1863, as private; died of con- sumption May 3, 1864, at Fort Scott, Kas. George Cummings, mustered July 23, 1863, as private; deserted from Fort Scott, Kas., November 16, 1864. George Evans, mustered July 23, 1863, as private; died of con- sumption at Fort Scott, Kas., March 18, 1864. John File, mustered with regiment; discharged for disability May 13, 1865. John Johnnycake, mustered with regiment; deserted at Fort Scott, Kas., November 16, 1864. Benjamin Johnnycake, mustered with regiment; no evidence of muster out on file. Jacob Lenneas, mustered with regiment; no evidence of muster out on file. Solomon Love, mustered with regiment as private: promoted cor- poral August 1, 1864; mustered out with regiment. Yellow Leaf, mustered with regiment; no evidence of muster out on file. William P. and William X. Pedigo, mustered August 18, 1863, as privates in new Company A; mustered out with regiment. ^^ Joseph Thorp, mustered August 3, 1863, as private in new Com- pany A; mustered out June 20, 1885, at Devall's Bluff, Ark. Alvatus Williams, mustered September 10, 1862; mustered out June 23, 1865, at Devall's Bluff, Ark. The Tenth Regiment Kansas Volunteer Infantry was formed in July, 1861. The original field and staff officers were: Colonel, James Montgomery, of Mound City; lieutenant-colonel, James G. Blunt, of Mount Gilead; major, Otis B. Gunn; adjutant, Casinio B. Zulaosky, of Boston, Mass.; quartermaster, A. Larzalere; surgeon, Albert New- man, and chaplain, H. H. Moore. Col. Montgomery was transferred to the Second Regiment South Carolina Colored Volunteers, and Will- iam Weer, of Wyandotte, became colonel of the Tenth. The regiment was 800 strong. After performing many minor services, the regiment took part in the expedition against Col. Clarkson, on July 3, 1862, which re.sulted in the capture of this officer and 155 of his men, besides the killing and wounding of about seventy of the enemy. The Tenth was repeatedly opposed to the officers Coffey and Cockrell, and it assisted in the pursuit of the Confederates in their retreat from Newtonia. In the fall of 1862 the regiment participated in the campaign in Northwest Arkansas, and was lightly engaged in action near Benton- ville on October 20, and did full service in the actions at Cane Hill and Prairie Grove, losing in the latter engagement twenty-three per cent of its men. The Tenth moved out of camp on December 27, 1862, to strike Hindman at Van Buren, and put an end to his army. * * * Marma- duke next invited the attention of the Tenth, with a force of 6,000 cavalry, advancing to Springfield. Mo. The regiment made a forced march to Springfield in conjunction with a brigade of cavalry in very severe weather, making thirty-five miles a day, and by their advance forced Marmaduke to retreat. The brigade followed Marmaduke and routed him at Sand Spring, thirty miles beyond Springfield, and that general in his hurried retreat fell into the hands of Gen. Warren, who completed his discomfiture. The campaign of 1862 finished in a manner very honorable for the Tenth. The regiment was mustered out of service in August, 1864, but immediately reorganized as veter- ans. The Tenth served against Hood in Tennessee at Columbia. Franklin, Nashville, and in pursuit of the routed foe winning dis- tinction, always being assigned to the skirmish line on every impor- tant occasion, and their losses abundantly testify to their courage and endurance. The regiment was dispatched to Fort Gaines, Ala., on 371^ ;f^ .1 294 HISTORY OF KANSAS. March 7, 1865, and operated in that line of country until a junction was effected with Gen. Steele, and the works of the enemy at Fort Blakely captured. The Tenth was named in the reports officially made in a manner exceedingly gratifying to the State. The final muster out occurred on September 20, 1865, at Fort Leavenworth. [Tuttle's State History.] Eoster of officers and enlisted men of the Tenth Regiment from Wyandotte County: William Weir, mustered June 20, 1861, as colonel; dismissed from the service by General Order No. 123, dated, Headquarters De- partment of Missouri, St. Louis, August 20, 1864. John J. Launon, mustered July 12, 1861, as private of Company G; promoted sergeant March 4, 1862; promoted sergeant-major, February 22, 1864; mustered out August 1, 1865, at Montgomery, Ala. David Ernhout, enlisted April 14, 1862, as private in Company A; died of disease at Marmaton, Kas., May 15, 1862. George Tremblett, enlisted as a private in Company A, December 23, 1861; deserted at Wyandotte, Kas., January 20, 1862. George G. Woddle, mustered February 15, 1862, as a private in Company A; transferred to Invalid Corps, January 18, 1863. Charles E. Armour, mustered May 28, 1862, as private in Company C; died of chronic diarrhoea, April 12, 1863, at Eolla, Mo. The following all belonged to Company G: James H. Harris, mustered July 15, 1861, as captain; mustered out March 4, 1862, and re-mustered as first lieutenant; mustered out with regiment August 19, 1864. William C. Harris, mustered as first lieutenant; mustered out March 4, 1862. Mortimer C. Harris, mustered August 10, 1861, as corporal; re- duced to ranks in July, 1863: re-enlisted veteran. Benjamin F. Saylor, mustered August 10, 1863, as private; pro- moted coi'poral October, 1861 ; discharged for disability A~iigust 31, 1862. Thomas Lannan, mustered August 10, 1861, as corporal; mustered out with regiment. Richard C. Powell, mustered August 10, 1861, as private; pro- moted corporal September 9, 1863; re-enlisted veteran February 22, 1864; assigned to new Company B as private; died on board steamer Heuntsman, August 30, 1865. ^ ,k Anderson W. Nicholas, mustered August 10, 1861, as private; promoted November 6, 1861, to corporal; dropped from roll August 5, 1862, per General Order No. 18, Department of Kansas. George B. Reinecheueker, enlisted June 19, 1862; mustered May 19, 1863; promoted musician and assigned to new Company C; mus- tered out June 2, 1865. Andrew Franz, mustered July 12, 1861; deserted at Wyandotte, Kas.. March 17, 1862. Charles C. Johnson, mustered July 12, 1861; mustered out with regiment, August 18, 1864:. Charles Klinefogle, mustered July 12, 1861; died of disease at Alton. 111., March 10, 1864. William Molton, mustered July 12, 1861; died of disease at Fay- etteville. Ark.. Januarj' 12, 1863. Samuel P. Parsons, mustered August 7, 1861; died of pneumonia, February 26, 1862, at Wyandotte, Kas. James A. Rich, mustered August 7, 1863; re-enlisted veteran, as- signed to new Company B; mustered out with regiment August 30, 1864. Thomas H. Tracy mustered August 7, 1861; mustered out August 19, 1864. James Galvin, mustered August 10, 1861; re-enlisted veteran; as- signed to new Company B ; mustered out with regiment. John Tracy, mustered August 10, 1861; mustered out with regi- ment. The Twelfth Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry was organ- ized at Paola in September and October, 1862. The original staff officers were: Colonel, Charles W. Adams, of Lawrence; major, Thomas H. Kennedy, of Lawrence; adjutant, Charles J.Lovejoj-. Ellinwood; quartermaster, Andi-ew J. Shannon, of Paola; surgeon, Cyrus R. Stockslager, of Pennsylvania; chaplain, Werter R. Davis, of Bald- win City. In the spring of 1863 the regiment moved to Fort Leaven- worth, Kas., and the following fall it went to Fort Smith, Ark., and from thence, in the spring of 1864, it participated in the Camden expedition, being at Camden about ten days, and then fell back to Little Rock, Ark., with Steele's army. It was in the fight at Prairie de Anne, and on April 30 it bravely repulsed the enemy's ad- vance at Jenkins' Ferry, which enabled the army safely to cross the Saline River, and make a safe retreat back to Little Rock. After stay- ing a few days at Little Rock, the regiment went back to Fort Smith, where it remained until fall, then returned to Little Rock, where it spent the winter. It was mustered out June 30, 1865. Roster of officers and enlisted men from AVyandotte County in the Twelfth Regiment: William Sellers, mustered March 1^6, 1864, as chaplain: resigned April 13, 1865. Gnstave Tauber, mustered with regiment; promoted corporal July 4, 1863; promoted commissary sergeant; reduced to ranks at his own request and assigned to Company A, March 6, 1865; mustered out with regiment June 30, 1865. Thomas H. Gahagan, mustered September 25, 1862, as musician; mustered out at Leavenworth, Kas., July 15, 1865. William Hazlett, mustered October 24, 1863, as a musician; re- duced toianks and assigned to Company K, August 17, 1864; dis- charged for disability January 3, 1865, at Leavenworth. George W. Newell, mustered September 23, 1863, as a musician; reduced to ranks at his own request and assigned to Company K, May 24, 1864; died of diarrhoea at Little Rock, Ark., October. 15, 1864. Company A. — James D. Chesnut, mustered September 25, 1862, as captain; mustered out with regiment. Fletcher Hedding, mustered September 25, 1862, as sergeant; died of disease at Westport, Mo., March 6, 1863. James Summerville, mustered September 25, 1862, as corporal; promoted sergeant September 2, 1863; mustered out with regiment. Samuel M. Stevens, mustered September 25, 1862, as sergeant; reduced to ranks March 24, 1863; mustered out with regiment. Rufus W. Foster, mustered September 25, 1862, as corporal; dis- charged for disability June 30, 1863. at Leavenworth, Kas. William Sellers, mustered September 25, 1862, as corporal; pro- moted chaplain March 26, 1864. James P. Killen, mustered September 25, 1862. as corporal; mus- tered out with regiment. Privates. — Silas Adams, mustered September 25, 1862; promoted corporal October 5, 1862; died of disease April 16, 1863. Isaac Bigtree, mustered with regiment and mustered out with reg- iment. Christian F. Bowan, mustered with regiment; deserted at AVest- port October 26, 1862. William C. Blue, mustered with regiment; deserted at Leaven- worth, Kas., July 9, 1863. ^^ .[^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 297 ■Chad. Brostwick, mustered with regiment; deserted at Wyandotte, Kas., September 29, 1863. Louis Bigknife, mustered with regiment; discharged for disability August 2, 1863, at Leavenworth, Kas. Orlando S. Bartlett, mustered with regiment; promoted first lieu- tenant Company H, Second Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry No- vember 3, 1863; promoted captain November 10, 1864; mustered out October 9, 1865. Jacob Carhead, mustered in and out with the regiment. Joseph Charloe, mustered in with regiment; deserted at Fort Smith, Ark., December 31, 1863. Cornelius H. Croeden, mustered in with regiment; discharged for disability May 27, 1865, at Kansas City. Mo. Sebastian O. Douny, mustered with regiment; deserted at Wyan- dotte, Kas., September 29, 1863. Peter Donnika, mustered with regiment: discharged for disability March 18, 1864, at Fort Smith, Ark. Charles Edwards, mustered in and out with regiment. Conrad Grespacher, mustered in and out with regiment. Jeremiah Harrison, mustered in and out with regiment. Edward Hollevet, mustered with regiment; deserted at Westport, Mo., October 26, 1862. George A. Horning, mustered with regiment; discharged for dis- ability March 18, 1863, at Kansas City, Mo. William Johnson, mustered with regiment; deserted at Kansas City, Mo., January, 1864. Aust. Kroop, mustered with regiment; discharged for disability May 31, 1868, at Leavenworth, Kas. Thomas A. Kirk, mustered with regiment; discharged for disabil- ity April 21, 18<)5, at Leavenworth, Kas. William Lewis and Samuel MeCowan, mustered in and out with regiment. Elias B. Myers, mustered in with regiment; died of disease at Leav- enworth, Kas.. April 29, 1863. James Mature, mustered with regiment; deserted at Wyandotte, Kas., September 29, 1863. John McCain, mustered with regiment; discharged for disability February 27, 1865, at Leavenworth, Kas. Almond Noble, Smith Nicholas and William Nicholas, all mustered in and out with regiment. r^ ■1^ Edward O'Hcare, mustered with regiment; discharged for disability November 10, 1S64, at' Fort Smith, Ark. John N. Poe, mustered with regiment; promoted corporal March 17, 1863; mustered out with regiment. . Gideon B. Parsons, mustered with regiment; died of disease at Wyandotte, Kas., September 23, 1863. Henry Puckett, mustered with regiment; died of disease Decem- ber 11, 1863, at Fort Scott, Kas. John Porcupine, mustered with regiment; deserted at Wyandotte, Kas., September 29, 1863. Joshua Puckett, mustered with regiment; discharged for disability May 11, 1863, at Leavenworth, Kas. Thomas Payne, mustered with regiment; discharged January 28, 1864, per Special Order No. 43. W. D. John A. Randall, mustered with regiment; died at Paola. Kas., December 5, 1S63. William Sellers, mustered with regiment; promoted corporal. Joseph Streatmater, mustered with regiment; died of disease March 1, 1864, at Fort Smith, Ark. Christian Santer, mustered with regiment; mustered out May 29, 1865, at Little Rock, Ark. Rudolph Wilty, mustered with regiment; promoted corporal De- cember 4, 1863; mustered out with regiment. William Whitefeather, mustered with regiment; killed by guerril- las at Fort Smith, Ark., October 22, 1864. Jacolj Whitewing, mustered with regiment; died of disease at Fort Smith, Ark., June 17, 1864. Frank Whitewing, mustered with regiment; deserted October 26, 1862. Sebastian Waller, mustered with regiment; discharged for disabil- ity November 15, 1863, at Leavenworth, Kas. Lewis Wengartner, mustered with regiment; discharged for disa- bility September 9, 1864, at Leavenworth, Kas. Patrick Whalen, mustered with regiment, transferred to Twenty-fifth Missouri Infantry November 19, 1862. William Armstrong, mustered November 7, 1863; mustered out July 3, 1865, at Little Rock, Ark. Orren Baldwin, mustered November 7, 1863; promoted eori^oral December 4, 1863; mustered out at Little Rock, Ark., July 30, 1865. Seth E. A. Leavitt, mustered in and out with regiment. r '1^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 299 Peter Dailey, mustered November 7, 1863; mustered out May 29, 1865, at Little Roek, Ark. William Day, mustered November 7, 1863; mustered out July 3, 1865, at Little Rock, Ark. William Ellis, mustered December 30, 1863; mustered out July 3, 1865, at Little Rock, Ark. William Hazlett, mustered October 24, 1863; discharged for dis- ability January 3, 1865, at Leavenworth, Kas. John P. Nickell, mustered December 30, 1803; mustered out May 18, 1865, at Leavenworth, Kas. Company G. — Edward Clinton, mustered with regiment; died of disease June 16, 1863, at Kansas City, Mo. John S. Heald, mustered with regiment; promoted corporal Oc- tober 1, 1862; promoted sergeant; mustered out with regiment. Henry Kersey, mustered in and out with regiment. John E. Marutzky, mustered with regiment; promoted corporal October 1, 1862; mustered out with regiment. John Murphy, mustered with regiment; discharged by sentence G. C. M. , July, 1863, at Leavenworth, Kas. Michael Youngman, mustered with regiment; discharged for dis- ability April 10, 1863, at Leavenworth, Kas. Company H. — David Chorlow, mustered in and out with regiment. Moses Dougherty, mustered with regiment; deserted March 4, 1864. Jesse Giaury, mustered with regiment; deserted December 9, 1862. Thomas Johnson, mustei'ed in with regiment; mustered out August 6, 1865. Isaac Littlecliief, mustered with regiment, died of disease at Olathe, Kas. , November 20, 1862. David Matthews, mustered with regiment; deserted at Paola, Kas., December 9, 1862. Joseph Peacock, mustered with regiment; died of disease at Wy- andotte, November 20, 1863. John Rodgers, mustered in and out with regiment. William Walker, mustered with regiment; mustered out August 6, 1865. Company I. — George Hanford, musician; mustered May 2, 1863; accidentally killed at Fort Smith, Ark., September 5, 1864. Frederick Britton, mustered in and out with regiment. Abraham Demerest, mustered in and out with regiment. William Johnson, mustered with regiment; died December, 1864, "©Pv ^1 300 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. at Magnolia, Ark., of wounds received April 30, 1864, at Jenkins' Ferry, Ark. William H. Lindsey, mustered with regiment; promoted second lieutenant October 15, 1862. Henry W. Miller, mustered with regiment; died of small-i^ox Jan- uary 1, 1863, at Wyandotte. William Parker, mustered with regiment; died of disease at Paola, Kas., October 20, 1862. James Smith, mustered with regiment; died of disease at Fort Smith, Ark., December 20, 1864. Henry (Chrysler, mustered May 2, 1863; promoted musician. Thomas Jacklin, mustered August 14, 1863; mustered out June 30, 1865. The Fifteenth Kegiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry was raised mostly in September, 1863, its colonel being Charles R. Jennings, of Leavenworth, Kas. Tuttle's History of Kansas says: " The regiment was tilled in less than a month, and an extra company toward the Sixteenth also. Circumstances confined the regiment mainly to expi'- ditions against bushwhackers and marauders, but the duty was thor- oughly accomplished, although there are no brilliant services to be recorded. ' ' Roster of officers and enlisted men from this county in the Fif- teenth Regiment: Company E. — John T. Smith, mustered December 11, 1863, as first lieutenant; resigned May 30, 1865. William H. H. Grintev, mustered September 26, 1863, as first ser- geant; promoted first lieutenant October 10, 1865; mustered out with regiment October 10, 1805. John W. R. Lucas, mustered with company September 26, 1863, as quartermaster-sergeant; promoted first sergeant October 11, 1865; mustered out with regiment. Alexander Zane, mustered September 26, 1863, as sergeant; re- duced to ranks; mustered out with regiment. William H. Worrell, mustered with regiment as sergeant; mus- tered out with regiment. John Jordan, mustered with regiment as sergeant; reduced to ranks; deserted January, 1865. John Kanually, mustered corporal September 26, 1863; promoted sergeant; died January 31, 1865, at Kansas City, Mc, of wounds received in action October 23, 1864, at Westport, Mo. ^-* IN^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 301 Erasmus Riley, mustered with company; promoted sergeant Octo- ber 11, 1865. Dennis F. Lucas, mustered March 28, 18fi4, as sergeant; mus- tered out with regiment. John M. Thorp, mustered with company as corporal: mustered out with regiment. Adam Wilson, mustered with company as corporal ; discharged for disability September 26, 186-1. Carroll S. Evans, mustered with company as corporal; mastered out with regiment. William A. Long, mustered with company; promoted corporal; promoted sergeant October 11, 1865; mustered out with regiment. Timothy H. Carlton, mustered October 28, 1863, as corporal; mus- tered out with regiment. Eldridge H. Brown, mustered March 28, 1864, as corporal; mus- tered out with regiment. Josiah Thorp, mustered with company; promoted corporal ; mus- tered out August 26, 1865. David Thomas, miistered with company; promoted bugler; reduced to ranks; mustered out with regiment. Henry Runne. mustered October 28, 1863; promoted bugler Octo- ber 15, 1863; deserted at Fort Riley, Kas., June 27, 1865. John Hohensteiner, mustered with company; promoted bugler October 20, 1863; mustered out with regiment. Richard L. Worrell, mustered with company; promoted bugler; mustered out with regiment. Gilbert Lewis, mustered with company as wagoner; mustered out with regiment. James M. Long, mustered March 31, 1864, as saddler; mustered out with regiment. David N. Baker, mustered with company as farrier; mustered out with regiment. Henry J. Armstrong and Edward M. Alexander, both mustered in and out with regiment. William B. Bushman, mustered with company; discharged for dis- ability September 26, 1864, at Osage Mission, Kas. Dr. Block, mustered in and out with regiment. AVilliam Cheely, mustered in and out with regiment. William Driver, mustered with company; died of diarrhoea, at Hum- bolt, Kas.. October 4, 1864. ^fV 1 302 HISTORY OF KANSAS. John Freeman, Byron Gannett and Henrj Grob, all mustered in and out with regiment. Henry Gibson, mustered in with company; died of small -pox at Kansas City, Mo., December 26, 1863. Andrew B. Hovey, Sylvanus Harless and Jacob Higgins, all mus- tered in and out with regiment. Charles W. Ketchum, mustered in and out with regiment. James Logan, mustered with regiment; died of disease in Dela- ware Nation, Kas., January 20, 18()5. Charles E. Learned, Daniel Long, Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Lewis, all mustered in and out with regiment. John Longbone, mustered with regiment; died December 19, 1864, at Kansas City, Mo., of wounds received October 22, 1864, at Big Blue, Mo. Big Moccasin, mustered in and out with regiment. John Martin, mustered with regiment; died of disease at Kansas City, Mo., December Ki. 1863. James H. Murray, George Pemsey, Winiield Pipe, James Rowe, Wilson Sarcoxie, Lamon Scott, Hiram S. Young and Ethan L. Zane, all mustered in and out with regiment. Peter Broham, mustered Felnuary 21, 1804; deserted at Kansas City, Mo., December 27, 1864. John Gillis, mustered in and out with regiment. Samuel Glass, mustered October 10, 1863; deserted at Fort Scott, Kas., August 10, 1864. James Moody, mustered February 24, 1864; mustered out June 6. 1865, at Leavenworth, Kas. Elijah Owen, mustered October 10, 1863; mustered out with regi- ment. James Roberts, mustered February 24, 1804; deserted at Fort Riley, Kas., June 27, 1865. James Shanghai, mustered October 10, 1863; mustered out June 9. 1865, at St. Louis. Thomas Shields, mustered October 28, 1863; mustered out with regiment. Joseph Shorter, mustered October 28, 1863; died November 10, 1864, at Kansas City, Mo., of wounds received October 22, 1864, at Big Blue, Mo. New Company B. — Rusha Chaploy and John Coon, mustered June 25, 1863; mustered out with regiment. Frederick Vickers, mustered in and out with regiment. Moses Denna, mustered May 12, 1863; mustered out with regi- ment. William H. Jones, mustered June 25, 1863; mustered out with regiment. * Zachariah Loughouse, mustered August 9, 1863; deserted at Law- rence, Kas. , July 23, 1863. Philip Mature, mustered August 9, 1863; deserted at Topeka, Kas., July 24, 1805. Thomas Punch, mustered October 23, 1863; mustered out with regiment. Thompson Smith, mustered April 29, 1863; mustered out with regiment. Beverly Tally, mustered June 25, 1863; mustered out tvith regi- ment. James Wilson, mustered April 29, 1863; mustered out with regi- ment. The Sixteenth Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry was raised during the winter of 1863-6-1. Its colonel was Werter R. Davis, of Baldwin City. It came into service too late to share equally with the older regiments in the brilliant achievements of war, but its service against Indian and guerrilla depredations protected the citizens at home, and consequently was very useful. Roster of officers and enlisted men from Wyandotte County in the Sixteenth Regiment: William Sweeney, mustered December 22, 1863, as sergeant- major; mustered out with regiment. Morton Wallace, mustered November 12, ISfiS, as sergeant of Company A; reduced to ranks January 11, 1865; mustered out with regiment. Dennis Murphy, mustered December 22, 1864, as undercook; mus- tered out with regiment. Company C— David B. Johnson, mustered with company Decem- ber 22, 1863, as sergeant; mustered out with regiment December 6, 1865. Charles S. Williamson, mustered December 22, 1863, as sergeant; reduced to ranks October 1, 1864; mustered out with regiment. John Hogan, mustered December 22, 1863, as corporal; promoted sergeant February 1, 1865; reduced to ranks; mustered out with regiment. 304 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Edwin E. Willis, miastered with company; died at Julesburg, June 18, 1865. Reuben Brown, mustered with company as sergeant; mustered out with regiment. James C. Barnett, mustered in as corporal; reduced to ranks Feb- ruary 28, 18G5; mustered out with regiment. John B. Ackers, mustered with company as bugler; reduced to ranks December 8, 1864; mustered out with regiment. James Abbot, mustered in and out with regiment. James B. Barnett, mustered with company; promoted farrier Octo- ber 1, 1864; mustered out with regiment. John F. Beavers, William Bryson and John Coyle, all mustered in and out with regiment. Peter Cunningham, mustered with company; deserted August ,8, 1864, at Leavenworth, Kas. James Cregg, mustered with company; deserted August 8, 1864, at Leavenworth, Kas. Pascal Pockett (or Puckett) mustered in and out with regiment. John W. Pearson, mustered with comf)any; no evidence of muster out on file. John Walleuraeyer, mustered in and out with regiment. Ephraim B. Warren, mustered with company; promoted bugler; died at Leavenworth, Kas., October 28, 1804. Company D. — William Brown, mustered December 29, 1863; pro- moted first sergeant December 31, 1803; reduced to ranks January 28, 1864; promoted sergeant March 12, 1804; mustered out with regi- ment. George Allison, mustered with company ; died in the field, N. T. August 13, 1805. Lorenzo D. Barnett, mustered with company; promoted corporal April 1, 1805; mustered out with regiment. Robert Bayles, mustered December 31, 1863, as corporal; mustered out with regiment. Thomas Brereton, mustered December 31, 1863, as corporal; mus- tered out with regiment. James Breunner, mustered December 31, 1803, as sergeant; de- serted at Emporia, Kas.. February 23, 1865. William McDonald, mustered December 31, 1863, as corporal; re- duced to ranks January 13, 1864; promoted sergeant July 17, 1805; mustered out with reeriment. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 305 Dennis Buckley, mustered with company; discbarged for disability August 18, 18*14, at Leavenwortb, Kas. Oliver Dorris and Arcbelaus Doxsee, mustered in and out with regiment. John Harris, mustered with companj-; no evidence of muster out on file. Morgan Mclntyre, mustered with company; promoted corporal February 4, 1864; reduced to ranks April 1, 1864; promoted sergeant November 9, 1865; mustered out with regiment. Bernard McDermott, mustered in and out with regiment. Reuben Mapes, mustered December 30, 1863, as sergeant; mustered out with regiment. James Noble, mustered in and out with regiment. Henry Perry, mustered with company; deserted February 22, 1865. Company F. — James M. Barnes, mustered April 27, 1864; pro- moted corporal December 21, 1864; mustered out with regiment. James Cobine, mustered January 21, 1864; discharged for disability December 11, 1S64, at Leavenworth, Kas. Joseph C. Coakley, mustered April 27, 1864; mustered out May 29, 1865, at Leavenworth, Kas. William B. Duncan, mustered January 21, 1864; mustered out with regiment. John M. Kennedy, mustered April 27, 1864; miistered out with regiment. Daniel P. Lucas, mustered April 27, 1864; mustered out May 13, 1865, at Leavenworth, Kas. Milton L. McAlexander, mustered April 27, 1864; discharged April 15, 1865, on account of wounds in battle of Little Blue, Mo. John S. Waddle, mustered January 21, 1864; promoted corporal October 31, 1865; mustered out with regiment. Company H. — Abraham Arms, mustered March 7, 1864; mus- tered out with regiment December 6, 1865. John D. Brown, Jr., mustered March 7, 1864; mustered out with regiment. Newton Butler, mustered March 7, 1864; promoted corporal March 17, 1864; mustered out with regiment. William Beamish, mustered April 2, 1864; no evidence of muster out on file. John D. Brown, Sr. , mustered March 7, 1864; mustered out June y, 1865, at Leavenworth, Kas. Nicholas Dedier, mustered March 7, 18*34; discharged October 10, 1865, at Leavenworth. Michael J. Fox and Daniel Fitzgerald, mustered March 7, 1864; mustered out with regiment. Michael Fitzpatrick, mustered with company; discharged October 10, 1865, at Leavenworth. John L. Green, mustered in with comjjany; mustered out with regiment. Henry Gray, mustered March 7, IS'U; promoted sergeant March 17, 1864; died of erysipelas at Cottonwood Springs, N. T., May 19, 1S65. Samuel T. Hannan, mustered March 7, 181)4; promoted sergeant March 22, 1864; {promoted saddler December 1, 1864; mustered out with regiment. William Hunter, mustered March 7, 1864; mustered out with regiment. Francis N. Kennedy, mustered March 9, 1864; promoted corporal March 17, 1864; deserted at Leavenworth. February 14, 1865. James Lewis, mustered March 7, 1864; deserted at Leavenworth, February 14, 1865. Charles B. Morgan, mustered April 2, 1864; promoted sergeant April 1. 1865; mustered out with regiment. William Moore, mustered April 2, 1864; promoted sergeant May, 1864; mustered out with regiment. John Mitchell, mustered April 2, 1864; mustered out with regi- ment. Newton J. Meyers, mustered March 7, 1864; promoted corporal March 20, 1865; mustered out with regiment. William A. McLaughlin, mustered March 24, 1864; mustered out with regiment. James McDowell, mustered March 7, 1864; promoted sergeant March 17, 1865; mustered out with regiment. James McTour, mustered March 7, 1864; died of diarrhoea Novem- ber 11, 1864, at Fort Scott, Kas. Charles H. McLaughlin, mustered March 7, 1864; deserted Au- gust 15, 1864, at Leavenworth. Isaac G. McGibbon, mustered March 8, 1864; promoted first ser- geant March 17, 1864; reduced to ranks March 1, 1865; promoted sergeant September 10. 1865; discharged for disability October 1, 1865. If^ s]^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 307 Frederick Ottens, mustered March 7, 186-4; promoted corporal March 17, 1864; mustered out with regimeat. Goodlip Oleman, mustered March 7, 1864; mustered out with regiment. John Punch, mustered March 7, 1864; mustered out with regiment. George W. Patton, mustered March S, 1864; mustered out with regiment. Jerome Payne, mustered March 7, 1864; deserted May 30, 1864, at Leavenworth. James W. Powell, mustered March 8, 1864; promoted sergeant; mustered out with regiment. JohnE. Renfro, mustered April 2. 1864; promoted sergeant March 1, 1865; mustered out with regiment. William Reed, mustered March 7, 1864; mustered out with regi- ment. Luther Shorkman, mustered March 7, 1864; died of consumption April 13, 1864, at Leavenworth. Thomas Sullivan, mustered March 7, 186)4; deserted April 13, 1864. JohnR. Smith, mustered March 7, 1864; deserted August 30, 1864. John Theyer, mustered March 7, 1864; mustered out with regiment. Joseph Whitecrow, mustered March 7, 18(>4; promoted corporal March 21, 1865; mustered out with regiment. William Anderson, mustered December 27, 1864; mustered out June 27, 1865. James K. M. Renfro, mustered December 14, 1864; mustered out with regiment. Herman Theyer, mustered October 1, 1864; no evidence of muster out on file. Company K. — Samuel S. Beebe, mustered June 17, 1864; mustered out with regiment. Jeremiah Burrus, mustered August 5, 1864; died of diarrhcea Jan- uary 25, 1865, at Liberty, Mo. Ransom Beach, mustered June 7, 1864; mustered June 24, 1865, at Leavenworth. Alfred Briggs, mustered May 4, 1S64; discharged April 15, 1865, at Leavenworth. Benjamin Grim and John Carr, mustered May 4, 1864; mustered out with regiment. M. D. S. Collins, mustered August 5, 1864; mustered out with regiment. ^|v- .[> 308 HISTORY OF KANSAS. William Clary, mustered June 7, 1864; mustered out with regiment. Kichard Frost, mustered May 4, 1864; died September '20, 1864. at Wyandotte Kas. Jacob Hay den, mustered August 26, 1864; mustered out with regiment. Elias J. Hampton, mustered August 26, 1864; died January 7, 1865, at Lawrence, Kas. Eli Hargis, mustered August 26, 1864; deserted September 20, 1864. John W. Hampton, mustered September 28, 1864; mustered out August 7, 1865. Henry Jarvis, mustered August 5, 1864; mustered out with regiment. Duncan Keith, mustered May 4, 1864; promoted corporal January 4, 1865; mustered out with regiment. John Kyle, mustered May 4, 1864; promoted corporal January 4, 1865; mustered out with regiment. Benjamin Keen, mustered August 5, 1864; deserted February 13, 1865. James H. Knuckols, mustered May 4, 1864; deserted February 1, 1865. Michael McCarthy, mustered May 4, 1864; mustered out with regiment. John W. Maine, mustered September 28, 1864; died of measles February 13, 1865. Th6mas Malony, mustered June 7, 1864; promoted sergeant Oc- tober 1, 1864; deserted January 24, 1865. Peter Onnerson, mustered May 4, 1864; mustered out with regiment. Franklin W. Patterson, mustered May 4, 1864; promoted sergeant October 1, 1864; mustered out with regiment. George W. RatlifF, mustered May 4, 1864; mustered out May 27, 1865. Jefferson C. Saylor, mustered September 28, 1864; mustered out with regiment. George W. Spicer, mustered May 4, 1864; mustered out with regiment. William M. Sears and William J. Sears, mustered May 4, 1864; mustered out with regiment. Jackson Wiletrout, mustered May 4, 1864; mustered out with regiment. ^U r- J, WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 309 Alphonso B. Wolf, mustered May 4, 1864; no evidence of muster out on file. John W. Woodman, mustered May 4, 18(54 ; promoted corporal October 1, 1864; deserted February 13, 1865. James U. Wilkinson, mustered May 4, 1864; mustered out June 26, 1865. Andrew J. Priddy. mustered November 17, 1864; promoted far- rier January 1, 1865; mustered out with regiment. The First Kansas Colored Regiment was raised in August and Sep- tember, 1862. They proved their valor October 28, by routing and pursuing CockrelFs band near Camp Butler. They participated in the Camden campaign in Arkansas, and did excellent service at various places, the details of which are too well known to necessitate mention. '■ The Second Kansas Colored Regiment was mustered into the serv- ice on the 1 1 th of August, 1863, at Fort Scott, and was first seriously engaged iu the Camden expedition, under Gen. Steele, having partici- pated with honor to itself and much loss in that campaign. The rec- ord of the Second Colored Regiment was honorable in every particular, and in some instances high distinction was gloriously won." [Tuttle. ] The behavior of the colored troops was generally good, but that of the enemy in killing colored prisoners was absolutely barbarous. In the foregoing, mention has only been made of the regiments having representatives from Wyandotte County. The number of Wyandotte County men that served in each regiment, as shown by the State ad- jutant's report, was as follows: First Infantry, 67; Second Infantry, 22; Fifth Cavalry. 21; Sixth Cavalry, 64; Tenth Cavalry, 23; Twelfth Cavalry, 88; Fifteenth Cavalry, 73; Sixteenth Cavalry, 119, making a total of white men, including a few Indians, of 477. Of the colored soldiers from Wyandotte County 206 served in the First Colored Regiment, 162 in the Second, 35 in the Independent Col - ored Kansas Battery, and 80 in the Eighteenth United States Colored Infantry, making a total of 483. Most assuredly Wyandotte County did its full share in suppressing the great Rebellion. It must also be remembered that besides these stanch supporters of the Union there were those actively engaged in service on the Confederate side, who were as sincere in their devotion to loyalty, as faithful in service, and as true to their convictions as their Federal brethren. There were but few however from this countv. *^^=^ -!^ -i^ 310 HISTORY OF KANSAS. CHAPTER XYI. First Frkk School— First Teachers— Constitutional Provisions- School Funds— School Lands— School Statistics— Value of School Property— Bonded Indebtedness— Cost of the Schools — ]\'oiiMAL Institute — Schools in Kansas City-Scholastic Popu- lation— Enrollment- High School— Kindergarten— Private AND Parochial Schools— Old Academy, etc. Whence is thy learning? HiUh th3- toil O'er books consumed the midnight oil? — Gay. DUCATIONAL facilities have existed in what is now Wyandotte County ever since its settle- ^ ment by the Wyandotte Indians in 1843. Be- longing to this tribe were some well-educated people, and they at once set about to give their children the benefit of a free education. J. M. Armstrong, a lawyer of this tribe, taught the first free school in the Territory, which was opened July 1, 1844. The building in which the session was held was a frame one, with double doors, which stood on the east side of Fourth Street, between Kansas and Nebraska Avenues, in what is now Kansas City, Kas. It was some- times, but erroneously, called the Council House. J. M. Armstrong contracted to build it, and commenced teaching on the date named. The council of the nation met in it during vacations, or at night. The expenses of building the house were met out of the funds secured by the Wyandotte treaty of March, 1842. The .school was managed by directors appointed by the council, the members of which were elected annually by the people. White children were admitted free. Mr. Armstrong taught until 1845, when he went to Washington as the legal representative of the nation, to prosecute their claims. Kev. Mr. Cramer, of Indiana, succeeded him; then Robert Robitaille, chief of the nation; nest Rev. R. Parrett, of Indiana; Mrs. Lucy B. Armstrong (wife of J. M.) December, 1847, to March. 1848: Miss Anna H. Ladd. who came with the AVyandottes in 1S43, and Mr. and Mrs. Armstrong. The latter was teaching the school at the time of her husband's death, which occurred at Mans- field, Ohio, while on his way to Washington to prosecute Indian claims, in April, 1852. The school was closed in the old building April 16. 1852; resumed in Mrs. Armstrong's dining-room; removed the next winter to the Methodist Episcopal Church, three quarters of a mile west of her house, and left without a home when that structure was burned by incendiaries April 8, 1856. It was called the National School, and was the first free school ever taught in Kansas. Accord- ingly, to the Wyandotte Indiaas belongs this honor. Soon after the first school opened, a school-bouse was built near M. Mudeater's farm, and Mr. Armstrong, Mrs. S. P. Ladd and others taught therein. The constitutioQ of the State of Kansas, adopted at Wyandotte, July 29, 1859, which is now the organic law of the State, provided as follows : Section 1. The State superintendent of public instruction shall have the general supervision of the common- school funds and educa- tional interests of the State, and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by law. A superintendent of public instruction shall be elected in each county, whose term of office shall be two years, and whose duties and compensation shall be prescribed by law. Sec. 2. The Legislature shall encourage the promotion of intel- lectual, moral, scientific and agricultural improvement, by establish- ing a uniform system of common schools, and schools of a higher grade, embracing normal, preparatory, collegiate and university de- partments. Sec. 3. The proceeds of all lands that have been, or may be granted by the United States to the State, for the support of schools, and the 500.000 acres of land granted to the new States, under an act of Congress distributing the proceeds of public lands among the several States of the Union, approved September 4, A. D. 1841, and all estates of persons dying without heir or will, and such per cent as may be granted by Congress, on the sale of lands in this State shall be the common property of the State, and shall be a perpetual fund, which shall not be diminished, but the interest of which, together with all the rents of the lands, and such other means as the Legisla- ture may provide, by tax or otherwise, shall be invariably appropri- ated to the support of common schools. -» V .k 312 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Sec. 4. The income of the State school funds shall be distributed annually by order of the State superintendent, to the several county treasurers, and thence to the treasurers of the several school districts, in equitable to the number of children and youth resident therein, between the ages of five and twenty-one years: Provided, That no school district, in which a common school has not been maintained at least three months in each year, shall be entitled to receive any por- tion of such funds. Sec. f . The school lands shall not be sold unless such sale shall be authorized by a vote of the people at a general election; but, sub- ject to a re-valuation every five years, they may be leased for any number of years not exceeding twenty-five, at a rate established by law. Sec. 6. All money which shall be paid by persons as an equiva- lent for an exemption from military duty; the clear proceeds of es- trays, ownership of which vest in the taker-up; and the proceeds of tines for any breach of the penal laws, shall be exclusively applied in the several counties in which the money is paid or fines collected, to the support of common schools. Sec. 9. The State superintendent of public instruction, secretary of State and attorney-general shall constitute a board of commissioners for the management and investment of the school funds. A,ny two of said commissioners shall be a quorum. These are the main provisions of the State constitution for the( sup- port of the common schools, and show the origin of the permanent school funds. The act of Congress, approved January 28. 1861, admitting Kan- sas into the Union as a State, under the constitution referred to in the foregoing, provided, among other things, that sections numbered sixteen and thirty-six in every township of jsublic lands in the State, and where either of these sections or any part thereof had been sold or otherwise disposed of, other lands, equivalent thereto and as con- tiguous as might be, should be granted to the State for the use of schools. But as all the lands composing Wyandotte County were owned by the Indians under treaties with the United States, before they were surveyed and sectionized, it was not in the power of the Government to set aside and donate the sections named for school purposes in this county. As soon as the State was organized, the Legislature thereof passed a law i^roviding for a free school system. This law has been amended ^rr to suit the times, and Section 271 of the present school law reads as follows: " For the purpose of affording the advantages of a free edu- cation to the children of the State, the State annual school fund shall consist of the annual income from the interest and rents of the perpetual school fund as provided in the constitution of the State, and such sum as will be produced by the annual levy and assessment of one mill upon the dollar valuation of the taxable property of the State, and there is hereby levied and assessed aonually the said one mill upon the dollar for the support of common schools in the State, and the amount so levied and assessed shall be collected in the same manner as other State taxes. " The law further provides (Section 298) " Tliat in all school dis- tricts in the State in which there is a good and sufficient school build- ings, a school shall be maintained for a period of not less than four months between the first day of October and the first day of June, in each school year." As soon as Wyandotte County was organized, its subdivision into schools districts was begun and continued as the population increased, and necessity demanded, until it was wholly subdivided. The num- ber of districts organized at this writing is forty-one. According to the latest ofiicial report of the county superintendent, which is for the school year ending June 30, 18S9, the scholastic population of the county, that is the number of children between five and twenty-one years of age, was 8,195 males and 7,997 females, total 16,192. Of this number 3,951 males and 5,203 females were enrolled in the pub- lic schools. This shows that only 57 per cent and a fraction over of the children of the county of school age attended the public schools. Or, in other words, it proves the fact that only a little over one-half the people of the county avail themselves of the great advantages of the public schools. No better argument than this can be offered in favor of compulsory education. The report also shows that 55 male and 101 female teachers were employed during the school year, and that the total number of months taught by male teachers was 376J, and the average monthly salaries paid them in the county schools was 155 and a fraction over, and in the city schools 191 and a fraction over. The difference in the wages is accounted for by the fact that in the city schools males are employed only as principals of the schools, and they must have a much higher degree of education than is required of the teachers in the common district schools. The total number of months taught during the year by female teachers r 2^1'" — ■- -" — "L£: was 847 and a fraction, and the average monthly salaries paid them were $43.64 in the country and 155.17 in the city schools. The whole amount of money paid male teachers for the school year was $27,133, and the whole amount paid female teachers, 143,949.- 50, making a total of $71,082.50. The average length in weeks of the school year was 29j\, or about seven months. The estimated value of the school property within the county was shown by the report to be $342,900; the number of school buildings in the country to be 46, and the number in the cities 17, making a total in the county of 63; the number of school-rooms in the country being 68 and in the cities 96; total in county, 164. There were seven school-houses built within the county during the year, at a cost of $27,911.25. The amount of school-house bonds issued during school year was $132,700, and the bonded indebtedness June 30, 1889, amounted to $218,400. There were 85 jjersons examined during the year for teacher's license, which 19 failed to receive, thus making the number of licenses granted 66. The average age of the persons receiving certificates of license was 23^ years. The financial report pertaining to the schools of the county for the year ending June 30, 1889, is as follows: Balance in hands of district treasurers July 1, 1888, $11,837.13; amount received from county treasurer from direct taxes, $93,166.94; amount received from State and county permanent school funds, apportioned to districts, $14,- 827.51; amount received from the sale of school bonds, $133,998.46; amount received from all other soiu'ces, $2,785.89; total amount received dtiring the year for school purposes, $256,615.93. Amount paid out during the year for teachers' wages and supervis- ors, $73, 050. 59 ; amount paid for rents, repairs, fuel and other incident- als, $20,566.47; amount paid for district library and school apparatus, $519.06; amount paid for sites, buildings and furniture, $99,258.27; amount paid for all other purposes, $11,915.72; total amount paid out during the school year, $205,310.11. Balance in hands of district treasurers June 30, 1889, $59,513.66. The report also shows that the County Normal Institute was taught in Kansas City, Kas., opening June 10, and closing July 3, 1889, eighteen days, and that the conductor, Mr. John Wherrell, was paid for his services the sum of $140, and Instructors George E. Eose and C. H. Nowlin were paid respectively for their services $100 and $60. The number enrolled at the institute was 180, and the average attend- t' a I^ — »>- ±==£Ll WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 315 ance 137L The total receipts of the institute fund was $434.(55, out of which 1393 was expended, leaving a balance of 141.05 on hand. Of the sixty-three school-houses in the county, two are built of stone, fifteen of brick, and the balance are frame. As the great bulk of the population of the county lives in cities, it is proper to make more especial mention of the city schools. The Andreas State History, published in 1883, speaks of the educational facilities of Wyandotte City as follows: " The first public school build- ing was erected in 1867, on the corner of Sixth Street and Kansas Avenue. It was afterward used for colored pupils. A central school building was erected the same year. In 1881 the city voted $15,000 to build two new ward school- houses, one on the site of the old colored school, and the other on Everett Street, between Fifth and Sixth Streets. In the spring of 1882 $15,000 additional was voted to com- plete the two buildings mentioned, to build the one in the Fifth Ward, and repair the Central School building. In 1872, before what is known as South Wyandotte was annexed to the city, a two-story brick edifice was erected there at a cost of $5,000. Wyandotte has, therefore, five good brick school buildings. It costs $12,000 to maintain her educational system, which is under the supervision of Prof. P. Sher- man, superintendent of schools. Twenty teachers train the young ideas. The school population of Wyandotte is 3,000, of which a little less than one- half are in attendance upon school." The reader will observe that this applies to Wyandotte City, a part only of the present Kansas City. To show the wonderful improvement in school facilities in recent years, the following facts are compiled fi'om the annual report of the board of education of Kansas City, Kas. , for the year ending June 30, 1889: The Central school-house, a nine-room brick, with seating capac- ity for 542, was erected on Huron Place in 1868, and is heated with steam. The High School, a ten-room brick, situated on the corner of Seventh and Ann. with a seating capacity of 433, was erected in 1878.. and is heated by stoves. Everett school-house, on Everett Avenue, between Fourth and Fifth, an eight-room brick, with seating capacity for 433, is heated by steam. Lincoln school, on the corner of State and Sixth, a nine-room brick, with seating capacity for 490. is heated with steam. >^ ^1 316 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. Wood school-house, situated on Wood Street, between Fifth and Sixth, an eight-room brick, with a seating capacity for 462, was erected in 1872, and is heated with stoves. Armourdale school-house, a twelve-room brick, situated on Eighth Street, with seating capacity for 747, is heated with a hot-air furnace. Morse, a four-room brick, situated on Twenty-lirst Street, with seating room capacity for 240, was erected in 1888, and is heated with stoves. Reynolds, on Eidge Avenue between Eleventh and Twelfth, a four- room brick, with seating capacity for 240, was erected in 1888, and is heated with stoves. Long, situated on Sixth Street, an eight-room brick, with seating capacity for 480, was erected in 1888, and is heated with stoves. Bruce, situated on Second and Armstrong, a two-room frame, with seating capacity for 100, was erected in 1889, and is heated with stoves. Douglas, a six-room brick, situated on Washington Avenue between Ninth and Tenth, with seating capacity for -360, was erected in ISSU, and is heated with stoves. Barnett, a three-room frame, situated on Barnett Avenue between Tenth and Eleventh, with seating capacity for 130, was erected in 1886, and is heated with stoves. Riverview, situated on Seventh, an eight-room brick, with seating capacity for 411, was erected in 1880, and is heated with steam. McAlpine, on Parnell Avenue between Eighth and Ninth, a two- room frame, was erected in 1886, and is heated with stoves. Armstrong, on Colorado Avenue, a two-room brick, with seating capacity for 120, was erected in 1876, and is heated with stoves. Stewart, on Ninth and Quindaro, a one-room brick, with seating capacity for 60, was erected in 1885, and is heated with a stove. London Heights, on Whiteside and Wiltz Avenue, a six-room brick, with seating capacity for 360, was erected in 1889, and is heated with stoves. By the foregoing it will be seen that the city now owns seventeen school-houses, fifteen of which are constructed of brick, and the other two of wood. Also that three of these buildings were erected in 1888, and the same number in 1889, thus showing the recent rapid increase in the necessity for school facilities. The seventeen buildings above mentioned not being sufficient to accommodate the school children, the school board rented three additional buildings, and had schools ^* ■vj^ ^ ^ gt> WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 317 taught therein during the school year referred to. The estimated value of the school property belonging to Kansas City, Kas. , as shown by the last report, was S2T2.800. The scholastic population of the city for the year closing June 30, 1889, was 9,284 white and 1,864 colored, making a total of 11.148. Of this number, 5,866, only a little more than one-half of the whole number, were enrolled in the public schools. Of the total enrollment 2.958 were males and 2,908 females. The report shows that for the school term ending February 1, 1889, 5,263 pupils were crowded into school-rooms with proper seating capacity for only 4,434. Consider- ing the large percentage of the scholastic population not enrolled in the public schools, it follows that if all were compelled to attend, the capacity for their accommodation would need to be greatly increased. On the question of enrollment, attendance and continuance in school, John W. Ferguson, in his report as superintendent of the city schools for the year ending June 30, 1889, remarks as follows: "It will be seen that forty-eight per cent of the entire attendance is enrolled in the first two years' work; eighty per cent is enrolled in the first four years' work; ninety per cent is enrolled in the first six years' work; ninety-nine per cent is enrolled in the first eight years' work, and less than one per cent in the high school. This would indicate that the pupils diop out of the schools in the same ratio. " This state of affairs is not pleasant to contemplate from a humani- tarian standpoint. The fact that so small a per cent of the entire school population takes advantage of the facilities for acquiring a good education, can not fail to awaken serious thoughts on this vital ques- tion. If, as the poet expresses it, ' a little learning is a dangerous thing,' then surely are we toying with firebrands. " If the .stabilitj' and perpetuity of our free institutions depend, as philanthropists tell us, upon the education and enlightenment of the masses, then may lovers of liberty and free institutions well feel appre- hensive for the continuance of our present form of government. With less than fifty per cent of our school population enrolled in our schools, and forty-eight per cent of those dropping out at the end of the second year, before the majority of them have laid a proper foundation for an education, does not seem to afford much chance for the education and enlightenment of the masses, as that cuts out seventy-five per cent at once. " Shall we lose faith in our free-school system and pronounce it a failure? No; the fault is not in the system, but in the environments. pfV lii. 318 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. ' ' If the safety of the State depends on the education of the masses, then, on the principle that ' self-preservation is the first law of na- ture,' the State has a right to take steps to preserve itself. It must enact such laws as will compel its citizens to educate their children. "Human greed and selfishness, and sometimes poverty, combine against the education of hundreds of children. When parents, un- educated themselves, and not knowing the great benefit an education would be to their children, can put the little ones at work, and thus earn from 25 cents to 50 cents per day, it is thought that this is much better than going to school, and not only earning nothing, but creating an additional expense for books and clothing. "It is poverty in some cases that almost compels the parent to put the child at work; but nine cases out of ten it is greed and selfishness. "The remedy, I think, lies in strict laws against the employment of children in any factory, shop, etc., during the session of school in any district. The violation of this law should cause heavy punishment to be meted out to the offender. The State must preserve itself. If the cost of books is a barrier to the child's attendance, then the board should furnish them." Further, upon the growth of the schools. Mr. Ferguson says : " The growth of the schools since consolidation has been marvel- ous. Probably no city in the United States shows such a wonderful growth. The first year after consolidation forty-three teachers were employed, with an enrollment of 2,005 pupils. "This year eighty-six teachers were employed with an enrollment of 5,866. " The only trouble has been the lack of proper legislation, which has sadly crippled the board in its efforts to provide suitable school facil- ities. "The cause seems to be that members of the Legislature from the rural districts are determined to frame school legislation for cities of the first class. The majority of such members know about as much of the requirements and needs of city schools as they do about run- ning a system of railroads. " Why those persons arrogate to themselves the privilege of legislat- ing for our city schools is more than I can tell. -They have a right to vote on questions of public interest, but it seems to me that when mem- bers from cities of the first class agree on necessary legislation, as a matter of courtesy they ought to favor it. Perhaps a part of the trouble arises from the fact that representatives from cities of the first ^ ^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 319 class fail to heartily agree aod co-operate in their efforts to secure necessary legislation. " As the needs of this city are peculiar, it would be advisable to get a law passed at the next session of the Legislature that will apply only to our city.'' In the Kansas City High School there are four courses of study- — the English, Classical, Normal and Latin and Scientific. Four years are required to complete these courses, except the Normal, which requ.ires only three. The number enrolled in the High School for the year of 1888-89 was: Males, 78; females, 173; total, 251. The receipts, expenditures and balances of funds on hand, of Kan- sas City, Kas. , on account of her schools, from July 1, 1888, to July 1, 1889, were as follows: Receipts. Disbui-se'mts. Balance. $48,355 33 $47,848 37 $ 506 95 7,330«73 1,937 90 5,393 83 10.383 60 10,353 60 30 00 137,057 79 87,376 67 39,681 13 1.438 30 1,438 30 7,314 93 3,000 00 4,314 93 3,664 03 1,530 00 1,134 03 3,86t 16 3,864 16 903 38 430 00 483 38 $308,190 91 $153,883 64 154,307 37 General Consolidaled Bond Interest State Dividend Building Wyandotte Floating Wyandotte Bond Sinking Wyandotte Bond Interest Former Kansas City Bond Sinking . Former Kansas City Bond Interest. . Total . The amounts expended directly, for the support of the schools during the year, were as follows: Teachers .f48,899 35 Janitors 6,668 35 Officers 3,770 00 Stoves 653 40 Fu. 1 2.160 50 Repairs 1,437 31 Insurance 613 45 Supplies 1,176 11 Printing 170 00 Office Supplies 108 80 Rent 1,394 60 Miscellaneous 357 00 Total $66,408 71 The bonded indebtedness of Kansas City, Kas. , on account of her schools was, on June 30, 1889, $159,000. Of this amount $127,000 ^' -^ efv Ml 'i^ 320 HISTORY OF KANSAS. bears five per cent interest and becomes due February 1, 1909. The balance all bears six per cent interest. Twenty-five thousand ot it be- comes due in 1906, and $7,000 becomes due in 1909. In addition to these sums there was $24,000 of bonded indebtedness of the former city of Wyandotte, bearing six per cent interest, and $6,500 bonded indebtedness of the former city of Kansas, bearing seven per cent in- terest. For the school year ending June 30, 1889, there were eighty- seven principals and teachers employed in the public schools of Kansas City, Kas., besides the general superintendent. At a meeting of the board of education held in the last week in June, 1890, the engagements and assignments of principals andteacli- ers were made for the school year of 1890-91 as follows: High School — E. A. Mead, principal; L. L. L. Hanks, H. J. Locke, Eva McNally, Annie R. Barker. Eighth grade, Armourdale district — Bridgie Gushing. Eighth grade. Central district — Maggie M. Tustin. Central school — J. C. Mason, principal; Sallie Overton, Jessie B. Lane, Maggie Doran, Ora Peacock, J. L. Burton, Anna Modine, Birdie Colvin, Lizzie Collins. Central branch — W. J. Pearson, Hattie Dennis, Anna Bandies, Mary A. Ramsay. Everett school — George E. Rose, principal; Flora Betton, Estella Johnson, Mollie Collins, Hattie Bruce, Flora Sackett, Belle Trembley, Lillie Babitt. Long school — C. H. Nowlin, principal; Lulu Holbrook, Libbie Clark, Jennie Bixby, Sarah Frederling, Sallie Lindsay, Ollie Colvin, Kittie Hooker. Unassigned — Mrs. Criswell, Nellie Sharp, Ida Boucher. Stewart school — Jennie L. Taffe. London Heights — Frank Colvin, principal; Mamie Shipley, Noye McLean. Reynolds school — R. E. Morris, principal; Alice Swan, Carrie Drisco. Morse school- — W. H. McKean, principal; Josie Daniels, Florence J. Brouse, Mary Donnelly. Unassigned — Emma Spier, Ida Patter- son, Laura Case, Ella F. See. Wood Street school — M. E. Pearson, principal; H. J. Coddington, Josie CosgrifF, Sophie Wuest, Lucy Bennett, Flora C. Garlick, Lida Spake, Bessie Austin. Grey stone school — M. A. Moriston, principal; Ada HoUingsworth. Armourdale school— J. G. Fertig, principal; Lizzie Espenlaub, -,f WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 321 Amelia Klippel, Alice Dunmire, Mary Emerick, Mary Malone, Eva Donnelly, Louise "Wuest, Belle Colgan, Frances Hughes, Nellie Dan- iels, Sadie Parsons. McAlpine school — Sallie Hutsell, principal; Augusta Larson. Riverview school — W. H. Rooney, principal; Julia Hixon, Dora Bean, Katie O'Brien, Mary Shine, Henrietta Church, Anna Judd, Katie Daniels. Barnett school — W. H. Allen, principal; Josie Eaton, Katie May- ginnis. Armstrong school — Mary F. McQuinn. Bruce school — J. J. Bass, principal; Mattie Ross. Douglas school — J. J. Lewis, principal; J. R. Harrison, W. G. Wood, Tilford Davis. Maggie Callaway. Lincoln school — G. L. Harrison, principal; A. J. Neeley, Ella Crabb, S. H. Hodge, Hattie Wiley, Georgia Freeman, Katie Hill, Frances Garner, Penelope Booth. J. H. Gadd is president and M. G. Jones clerk of the board of education, and A. S. Olin is superintendent of the city schools. A worthy institution of learning, not connected with the free- school system, is Fowler's Free Kindergarten, at 301 North James Street, in Kansas City. This school was founded and established in 1883 by Miss Annie Fowler, daughter of George Fowler, of the firm of George Fowler & Son, pork and beef packers. Miss Fowler after- ward married Prof. Frederick Troutan. of the Dublin schools in Ire- land, and now lives with her husband in that old city on the "Emer- ald Isle." Mr. George Fowler purchased the lot on which the kindergarten building now stands for 13,000, and erected the house— a two-story brick — at the cost of another $3,000, and he supports and maintains the school at an expense of $1,000 per annum. The school is taught ten months in each year, and all is free — there being no tuition or other expenses for pupils to pay. The school is held in the second story of the building, which was fitted up for the pur- pose. The average attendance of pupils during the last school year was thirty-eight. Mrs. Alice Cheney is principal of the school. In the same school room is taught an industrial or sewing school. This latter school was established in 1881, by Mrs. George Fowler. Mrs. Alice Cheney is also principal of this school, and has several assistants. It is also maintained by Mr. Fowler at an expense of from $300 to $400 per year. The tuition and material used are free to all pupils. During the last school year among the materials consumed ^(^ ■k. 322 HISTORY OF KANSAS. was eight bolts of muslin. The sessions are taught from 2 o'clock to 4 o'clock on every Saturday, for ten months in the year. There were 157 pupils enrolled during the last school year, all being from eig'ut to sixteen years of age, and they came from all parts of the county. The girls are taught to sew in the best manner, and the garments on which they practice are given to them. The sewing is performed according to the best English methods. The last school year of both the kindergarten and sewing school closed June 27, 1890, with an English feast, and both teachers and pupils retired for vacation. The next school year commences two months later. Good sewing is one of the essential features of a young lady's education, and schools of this kind ought to be encouraged. The patrons of these schools owe much to the gratitude of Mr. Fowler. In addition to the above there are the following jarivate schools in the city: St. Anthony's German Catholic School, 615 North Seventh, Kev. Aloysius Kurtz, principal. St. Bridget's Catholic School, 69 North First Street, Sister Benedicta, Superior. St. Mary's School, 802, 804 North Fifth Street. St. Thomas' parochial school. 628 Pyle Avenue, Mary McQuinn, principal. Samaritan Mission, 47 North First Street, Emily P. Neweomb, superintendent. There is a large Roman Catholic population in Kansas City, and many of their children are educated in their own schools, which ac- counts to some extent for the small per cent of the scholastic popula- tion enrolled in the public schools. Wyandotte County boasts of no colleges or institutions of learning (save the Blind Asylum) higher than those already mentioned. A school known as the Wyandotte Academy was founded in Sep- tember, 1878, by Prof. C. O Palmer. By the spring of 1879 the at- tendance had so increased that he found it necessary to abandon tem- jjorary for permanent quarters. Accordingly, at the end of the fol- lowing summer, a large two- story brick structure was erected for the academy on the corner of Ann and Seventh Streets. Both sexes were admitted to this school, and it was carried on successfully until supe- rior educational facilities provided by the free-school system made it no longer a necessity. The academy was closed in the spring of 1886, and the building was purchased by the Kansas City Board of Education, and is now used for the public high school. The lot con- taining this building, and the lot adjoining it on the south, contain- ing the school board offices, were purchased for $16,300. ^ IS r- -^ e \. *-^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 323 CHAPTER XYII. Churches of the County — A Reveusal of the Usual Order of Events and the Introduction of Christianity by- the In- dians—Church Beginnings in Different Denominations— Di- vision of the Methodist Church into "North "and "South" Churches— The Churches of To-day— Statistics Showing Their Number, Their Membership, and the Number and Value of Their Houses of Worship. Beware what spirit rages in your breast, For ten inspired, ten thousand are possess'd. -Roscommon. HUISTIANITY generally advanced with the \\hit(? settlement in the early history of the we'-teru country, but it came to this county, or i.itlier was first recognized and observed here, , \>} the Wyandotte Indians. And strange as it Midv seem, it is, nevertheless, true, that the Methodist Episcopal Church in Kansas City, Kas , had its origin in the Wyandotte reservation on the Sandusky Rner, Ohio. There, in 1819, a church was or- ganized under the auspices of the mission department of the Ohio Methodist Episcopal Conference, it being the first Indian mission ever established by that body. It grew and prospered in good works, being supplied with missionaries from that conference. In September, 1839, Rev. James Wheeler took charge of it as missionary, and when the Wyandottes moved to this territory in 1843, he accompanied them, and the church organization remained intact without change. Leaving it in the care of its local preachers and officers. Rev. Wheeler visited the Missouri Methodist Episcopal Conference in session at Lexington, and there the bishop continued him as mission- ary to the Wyandottes, and transferred him accordingly, and thus he remained with them until May, 1846. When these people landed ■f^ ^1 324 HISTORY OF KANSAS. here they had in their church orgaoization five classes, nine class leaders, three local preachers, four or five eshortors and a membership of 200 souls. Their removal from Ohio did not cause them to neglect their religious duties, but they held regular services in their camp on the strip of low land across the river, where they spent the summer of 1843, in the midst of great afflictions on account of disease, and where they lost many of their number. In January, after they start- ed to build their cabins on their new reservation, they began to build a house in which to worship their God, and in April following the October in 1843, when they first occupied their lands, their new church was ready for use. It was a log building, which stood about half a mile west of the present Chelsea Park. When the first service was held in it in April, 1844, the puncheon floor, completed along one end, answered for a pulpit, and the "sleepers," for the balance of the floor answered as seats for the audience, which consisted of the whole neighborhood. It was wholly completed by May 24, following, when the missionary returned and held the first quarterly meeting therein on Saturday and Sunday following. The same year a two- story frame parsonage was built. They afterward sold their log church and erected a brick church, which they entered in November, 1847. It stood on what is now the Mary A. Grindrod tract, as shown on the present map of the city, about half a mile west of the North- Western depot. A school-house was built on the ea.st side of Fourth Street, between Kansas and Nebraska Avenues, and occupied July 1, 1844. Occasional public services were held here, both in English and Wyandotte. The English-speaking class met here, and the first Sab- bath-school was organized in June, 1847. Rev. James Wheeler re- mained until May, 1840. He was succeeded by the Rev. E. T. Peery, who, though sent by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, kept the records of the church in the name of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In July, 1848, the official board petitioned the Ohio Conference for a missionary, and the Rev. James Gurley volunteered to come as their missionary. He arrived in November. Previous to his arrival. Rev. Abram Still, M. D., presiding elder of the Platte District (which in- cluded the Indian missions in this region), came to hold his first quar- terly meeting in October, 1848. Dr. Still preached Sabbath morning on the text, "My peace I give unto you," after which Mi-. Peery or- ganized the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, with forty-one mem- bers. There were in the house 110 members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, and sixty-nine refused to go into the new organization. r^ aI^ — - - — ^t^ Many of tbe old members of the church had died since they came to the West, and, at this time there were but 160 remaining. Renewed efforts were made to induce the members of the old church to unite with the new, but the highest number ever obtained was sixtyfive, and soon after Mr. Gurley's arrival some of these returned to the old church. But, nothwithstanding there was a large majority in the Methodist Episcopal Church, the building was stoned, so as to en- danger the house and disturb the services when Mr. Gurley preached in it, and the official board decided to withdraw from it for a time, to a vacant dwelling house. The last week in February, 1849, the United States lodian agent, at Wyandotte, expelled Mr. Gurley, at the instance of some members and adherents of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, though he had committed no ofFense against the law, nor caused any of the disturbances. They existed before he came, and continued until 1857. The next Saturday after Mr. Gurley's expulsion, the presiding elder, Dr. Still, crossed the Missouri River in a skiff, swimming his horse amidst great blocks of ice, to hold his second quarterly meeting in the old dwelling house. Thirty persons united with the church upon this occasion. As soon as the spring rains were over the services were held in a grove, and be- fore winter another log church was built near the present Quindaro cemetery. Rev. Squire Gray-Eyes and J. M. Armstrong were sent to the Missouri Conference at St. Louis (August, 1849), to petition for a missionary. Rev. G. B. Markham was appointed, and arrived in a few weeks. He remaiaed two years, being followed by Rev. James Witten in October, 1851. His wife was in failing health and died January 1, 1852. She was buried near the log church, the first inter- ment in the Quindaro Cemetery. Rev. George W. Robbins was appointed presiding elder in October, 1850, and was continued three years. Following Father Witten as missionary were Rev. M. G. Klepper, M. D., October, 1852; Rev. J. M. Chivington, autumn of 1853; Rev. J. T. Hopkins, presiding elder; Rev. J. H. Dennis, fall of 1854; Rev. W. W. Goode, D. D. , presiding elder, and su- perintendent of the work in Kansas and Nebraska Territories. He moved his large family from Richmond, Ind., to a small brick house, about two miles from the confluence of the Missouri and Kansas Rivers. Soon after these preachers came twelve persons returned from the Southern Church to the old church. One of them was Mat- thew Mudeater. the Wyandotte chief; and the other Mrs. Hannah Walker, the wife of William Walker, the provisional governor of Kansas. She was a white woman. All the white women in the church and Wyandotte Nation had united with the South Church, ex- cept one, and she was rejoiced when an English-speaking class was reorganized, after a lapse of seven years, at Dr. Goode's house. There were present Dr. Goode and family, Eev. J. H. Dennis, wife and daughter, Mrs. Hannah Walker, Lucy B. Armstrong and two of her family, who were then members of the church, and the former missionary, Father Witten, more than the requisite number for a primitive class. The class was continued until Dr. Goode moved into Iowa in October, 1855, to take charge of the work in Nebraska. Kev. L. B. Dennis succeeded him as presiding elder of all of Kansas north of the Kansas River. In the winter of 1855-56 the health of Rev. J. H. Dennis, who was continued missionary, rapidly failed, and near the 1st of May, 1850, he left Wyandotte for his mother's house in Indiana, where he died the following August. His memory is blessed. Before he left, on the night of April 8, 1856, both churches were burned by incendia- ries. Rev. William Butt, who had been appointed to the Leavenworth, Delaware and Wyandotte Mission, moved here November, and preached in a school-house near Quindaro. In April, 1857, he was appointed presiding elder, and Rev. R. P. Duval succeeded him as missionary. Services were held in Lucy B. Armstrong's house from April to the last of December, 1857, when the old frame church, corner of Wash- ington Avenue and Fifth Street, was completed. The same year a brick church vpas built at Quindaro. The first quarterly meeting of the Methodist Episcopal Church, after Wyandotte City was settled by white people and the church was reorganized, was held on Mrs. Arm- strong's premises, September 1, 1857. The public services of the Sabbath were held on her lawn, under the shade of the trees. There was gathered a vast concourse of people from Wyandotte and Quindaro and the country around. Presiding Elder Butt preached the morning sermon, and Rev. J. M. Walden, local preacher, politician and editor of the Quindaro Chindowan, delivered the afternoon sermon. After Mr. Duval, came as missionaries (April, 1858) Eev. H. H. Moore, who remained one year; Rev. G. W. Paddock, two years; Rev. Strange Brooks, March, 1861 (Rev. N. Gaylor, presiding elder), one year; Rev. M. D. Genney, March, 1862 (Rev. W. R. Davis, presiding elder), one year. The annual conference was held at Wyandotte, Bishop Simpson presiding. Mr. Genney was first lieutenant in the United States volunteer service. He attended conference and resigned his k. lieutenancy, but it was not accepted. With the exception of about four months, during; which time Rev. C. H. Love joy had charge, the Wyandotte and Quindaro Mission was withoiit a pastor this year. At the conference held in Lawrence, in March, 1863, Rev. Strange Brooks was appointed presiding elder of the district, and Rev. M. M. Haun, missionarj-. In 1S64 Rev. A. N. Marlatt was appointed missionary, remaining about ten months, when a man was appointed who had been transfered to another conference, and therefore did not fill the ap- pointment at Wyandotte. Rev. D. G. Griffith, a young local preacher, did not complete the conference year. In March, 1866, AVyandotte was made a station, Rev. D. D. Dickinson was appointed pastor, and Rev. J. E. Bryan sent to the Wyandotte and Quindaro Mission, Rev. H. D. Fisher, presiding elder. In March, 1867, came Rev. H. G. Murch, and in March, 1870, Rev. S. G. Frampton. The latter remained one year, but failed to keep up the Quindaro and Wyandotte Mission ap- pointments, partly because most of the Indians were about moving to the Indian Territory. These appointments were therefore dropped. Rev. S. P. Jacobs remained two years from March, 1871, during which time a neat parsonage was built. Rev. H. K. Muth was appointed in March, 1873, Rev. William Smith, who succeeded him, remaining two years. The corner-stone of a new church, the foundation of which had been laid on the corner of Kansas Avenue and Fifth Street, was laid by Rev. William K. Marshall, and the basement was dedicated by Bishop Thomas Bowman in January, 1876. Such is the history of the planting of Christianity in Wyandotte County. The church thus established, prospered and grew in numbers, and is one of the most popular in Kansas City to-day. Following are brief accounts of the beginning of other religious growths on this soil: Of the 110 members of the original Methodist Episcopal Church organized by the Wyan- dotte Indians in 1843, forty-one joined the Southern branch when it was formally organized in this city by the Rev. E. T. Peery, in Octo- ber, 1848. In 1873 the present brick edifice, corner of Minnesota Av- enue and Seventh Street, was commenced, and fully completed in 1881. at a cost, with parsonage, of $6,500. Some of the earlier pastors were, Revs. B. F. Russell, Daniel Dofflemayer, J. T. Peery, Nathan Scar- ritt, William Barnett, H. H. Craig, D. C. O' Howell, Joseph King, D. S. Heron, E. G. Frazier, G. J. Warren, T. H. Swearingen and J. W. Payne. In 1857 Rev. Rodney S. Nash, late of Lexington, Mo., organ- ized the St. Paul's Episcopal Parish, of AVyandotte. This was the ^f^- pioneer parish of the Territory of Kansas, and was organized un- der the authority of Rt. Rev. Jackson Kemper, the first missionary bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States. Among the original incorporators were Dr. Frederick Speck, Col. W. Y. Roberts, A. C. Davis, W. L. McMath and James Chestnut. On July 9, 1882, the corner-stone for the church at the intersection of Sixth and Ann Streets was laid, Rt. Rev. Thomas H. Vail, Bishop of the diocese of Kansas, officiating. Kansas was in 1857 only a missionary jurisdiction under the care of the Rt. Rev. Jackson Kemper, the first missionary bishop of the church in America. On July 26, 1859, he issued a call for the purpose of organizing the Territory of Kansas in- to a diocese, and the primary convention was held in St. Paul's Church, Wyandotte, on August 11 and 12, following. Shortly after the or- ganization of the diocese, Bishop Lee, of Iowa, took provisional charge of the same, for about four years, until the first bishop, the Rt. Rev. Thomas Hubbard Vail, D. D. , LL. D., was, in December, 1864, con- secrated to the sacred office, and made his first visit to his new field in January, 1865. He made his second visit in the diocese to this jjai'ish. Mr. Nash retained the rectorship of the parish until November, 1862, when he resigned, but again resumed it in May, 1864. Early in April of the following year he again vacated the parish, and the Rev. Will- iam H. D. Hatton took charge in June of the same year. Since then there have been several successive rectors. The First Congregational Church was organized July 18, 1858, at the Methodist Church (North), among the earliest members being the following: W. P. Winner, S. F. Mather, Dr. J. P. Root, Rev. S. D. Storrs, W. F. Downs, D. A. Bartlett, Samuel Crosby, D. C. Collier, J. S. Stockton, Mrs. Mary Walcott, Mrs. Frances E. Root, Mrs. Mary E. Stockton, Mrs. M. Louisa Bartlett, Mrs. Louisa K. Downs, Mrs. M. A. Mather, John Furbish, Mrs. R. B. Taylor, A. D. Downs, E. T. Hovey and wife, Mrs. C. M. Downs, O. S. Bartlett, Jesse Cooper, Mrs. Hester A. Garno (now Mrs. Halford). For sis months previous to the organization Rev. S. D. Storrs, of Quindaro, preached in Wyandotte, doing missionary labor, to an audience of from twenty to thirty per- sons. He became the first pastor of the church, and was succeeded in 1859 by Rev. R. D. Parker, of Leavenworth, who remained eight years. It was during his administration, in March, 1860, that work was commenced on a new church building, corner of Fifth Street and Nebraska Avenue. The edifice was completed in July, and dedicated August 1, 1860. The national fast, appointed for September 26,1861, 18 -l^ was observed by this church and congregation, and on that day the Third Iowa Regiment landed here from the battle of Blue Mills, and many of them were at the meeting. On the following evening 250 ofificers and soldiers held a prayer and conference meeting of intense interest. The ladies of the church administered to the wants of the wounded for many weeks. Among early pastors were Revs. E. A. Harlow and James N.Dougherty. In 1858 Rev. Father Heiman, of Leav- enworth, came to ^Yyandotte and organized St. Mary's Catholic Mission, with about thirty members. They first met at the house of John War- ren, but during the next year Father Heiman was succeeded by Father Fish, who remained three years, and built a little brick church, 25x50 feet, at the corner of Ninth and Ann Streets. Fathers McGee and Muller succeeded him, each remaining about a year. From want of support the mission was then abandoned for nearly three years. In 1864 Rev. Anthony Kuhls, present pastor, was sent to Wyandotte on trial. Then but thirty poor families belonged to the parish. After the war, however, the affairs of the chiirch assumed a more promising aspect. The old church was sold, and in 1866 the structure corner of Ann and Fifth Streets was erected for $9,0(10, the site being purchased of Matthias Splitlog for $800 in gold. Connected with St. Mary's Church are sodalities for married men and women, and for young men and young ladies, cumbering about 200 members, two insurance unions and two benevolent societies. In 1872 the settlement ten miles west of AVyandotte, called Delaware, built a church of its own, called St. Patrick. In 1880 the eastern portion, across the river, was taken ofp, and St. Bridget's Church was built, with a resident pastor. The Ger- man Methodist Episcopal Church was organized August 24, 1859, with the following members: Frank Weber. Maria Weber, Louisa Feisel, Maria Feisel, Adelharfl Holzbeierlein, Catherine Schatz, Margaret Ort- mann, Henry Helm, August Gabriel. Carl Gabriel, Henriette Gabriel, Gottlieb Kncepfer and Margaret Kncepfer. In 1866 the church edifice, corner of Fifth and Ann Streets, was erected at a cost of about $4,000, and was dedicated in September of that year by Rev. M. Schnierly. Among the earlier pastors were Revs. Gottlieb Widmann, George Schatz, Charles Stuckemann, Jacob Feisel, A. Holzbeierlein, Philip May and W. Meyer. The earliest Presbyterian society in Wyandotte was organized in 1857, and existed until the close of the war, when it was discontinued. A new organization was effected by Rev. Alexan- der Sterrett in 1881. The First Baptist Church (colored) was organ- ized in 1862. and a frame building on Nebraska Avenue erected in ^^ — - ^ — ^l^ 830 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. 1869. In 1881 the society had grown so large that its trustees pur- chased the site for a more commodious church structure, corner of Fifth Street and Nebraska Avenue. The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints was organized in October, 1877, with seven members — George Hay ward, presiding elder. William Newton was in charge of the society. The leading idea of their faith was that the gospel of Jesus Christ and His agents always has been the same from the beginning. Faith, repentance, baptism by immersion for the remission of sins, the laying on of hands for the gift of the Holy Ghost, the resurrection of the dead and eternal judgment, are the car- dinal principles of their belief. This organization took Joseph Smith as its guide, repudiating Brigham Young and all polygamists as apos- tates from the true faith. The Congregation of Disciples of Christ was organized Christmas, 1881, through the efforts of Dr. Gentry and Messrs. Johnsou, Reeves, Edwards and a number of lady members. Chiefly through Dr. Gentry's untiring exertions a church building was erected on Barnett Street, between Sixth and Seventh. The African Methodist Episcopal Church was organized by Rev. Felix Landor in May, 1880. Mr. Landor was formerly a slave in Louisiana, and, be- ing owned by a French master, spoke that language. At the close of the war he was converted from the Catholic faith, educated by the Freedmen's Aid Society in New Orleans, and sent to this held in Feb- ruary, 1880. The society built a comfortable brick church, corner of Seventh and Ann Streets. A Baptist Church was organized in Wyan- dotte in the spring of 1862. The German Evangelical Church dates its existence from February, 1882. Rev. Charles Kraft was first pastor. Such was the sequence of the advent of different religious denom- inations in Wyandotte County and Kansas City. Most of the organi- zations exist to this day, and will be found mentioned in the following paragraph. Some of them are yet in the houses of worship mentioned above. Some have removed into better quarters ; some are now build- ing, or contemplating building new church houses. All have, pros- pered under God's blessing, and have done and are doing good work for civilization and enlightenment. Baptist. — First, 2 South First Street, Rev. R. Williams, pastor; First (colored), Nebraska Avenue, northwest corner of Fifth Street, Rev. Daniel Jones, pastor; First, of Armourdale, 621 Mill Street, Rev. R. W. Arnold, pastor; First Swedish, 646 Ohio Avenue, Rev. Christopher Silene, pastor; Mount Pleasant (colored), Third Street, southeast corner of Freeman Avenue, Rev. Marcus Mack, pastor; •f* ts~ -f. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 331 Mount Zion, 417 Virginia Avenue, Eev. E. M. Martin, pastor; Pleas- ant View (colored). 941 Everett Avenue, Rev. James Jennings, pastor; Rose Hill Missionary (colored), 825 New Jersey Avenue, Rev. Abner Windom, pastor; St. Paul Free-Will (colored), 1047 Everett Avenue, Rev. Edward Johnson, pastor; St. Philip's (colored), 346 New Jersey Avenue, Rev. M. Phillips, pastor; Wyandotte, Sixth Street, northeast corner Nebraska Avenue, Rev. W. B. Wiseman, pastor. Christian. — The Christian, 606 Barnett Avenue, Rev. James M. Dunning, pastor; First (colored), Eighth Street, northeast corner of Everett Avenue, Rev. William Hancock, pastor; Mission (colored), south side State Avenue, near Sixth Street, Rev. J. D. Smith, pastor. Congregational. —First, 1109 North Fifth Street, ReV. J. D. Dougherty, pastor: Pilgrim, west side Seventh Street, between Cen- tral and Reynolds Avenues, Rev. Horace D. Herr, pastor. Episcopal. — St. Paul's, Sixth Street, northwest corner .inn Ave- nue, Eev. John Bennett, pastor. Evangelical German Zion, 645 Orville Avenue, Rev. Louis Klee- man, pastor. Latter-Day Saints — Reorganized Church, 734 Colorado Avenue, William Newton, president. Methodist. — African, Ann Avenue, northeast corner of Seventh Street, Rev. John Turner, pastor; Forest Grove, 254 Balke Street, Rev. Frederick Soper, pastor; German, Fifth Street, northeast corner of Ann Avenue, Rev. C. C. Harms, pastor; German, 717 St. Paul Street, Rev. J. J. Steininger, pastor; Gordon Place, 2106 North Eighth Street, Rev. Seymour A. Baker, pastor; Highland Park, Pa- cific Avenue, southwest corner of Seventh Street, Rev. W. T. Elliott, pastor; St. James (colored), 929 Freeman Avenue, Rev. G. W. Pat- ten, pastor; St. Peter's (colored), 409 Oakland Avenue; Seventh Street (South), Seventh Street, northeast corner of State Avenue, Rev. Frank Syler, pastor; Tenth Street, east side St. Paul Street, first east of Osage Avenue, Rev. William A. Crawford, pastor; Washington Avenue, Washington Avenue, northeast corner of Seventh Street, Rev. A. H. Tevis, pastor; Wood Street, 830 North First Street, Rev. John A. Simpson, pastor. Presbyterian. — Central. 419 South Seventh Street, Rev. C. E. Mc- Cane, pastor; First, Sixth Street, southwest corner of Minnesota Ave- nue, Rev. Franklin P. Berry, pastor; Grandview Park, Reynolds Avenue, southeast corner of Seventeenth Street, Rev. C. W. Backus, f .^ k. pastor; Western Highlands, Greeley Avenue, southeast corner of Twelfth Street. Rev. C. W. Backus, pastor. Roman Catholic. — St. Anthony's (German). 615 North Seventh Street, Rev. Aloysius Kurtz, pastor; St. Bridget's. 67 North First Street, Rev. C. D. Curtin, pastor; St. Joseph (Polish), 805 Vermont Avenue, Rev. F. Luacek, pastor; St. Mary's, Fifth Street, southwest corner of Ann Avenue, Rev. Anthony Kuhls, pastor; St. Thomas, Pyle Street, northwest corner of Shawnee Avenue, Rev. J. F. Lee, pastor. The pride of the Catholics of Armourdale is their Cathedral, which is now being erected at a cost of $40, 000. It will be a truly magnificent structure, of cut stone, and, for the capacity, the finest in the State. The building will be 61x135, and, from basement to spire, 225 feet high, with a bell weighing 2,500 pounds, completed inside with hard wood, oil finish. The basement is now finished, and services are being held there. This, in the near future, will be used as a Sunday- school, and the first story, which will have a seating capacity of 1,200, for services. The beginning of the religious history of the five townships which, with Kansas City, comprise the county at large, was nearly coincident with their settlement. Christianity took root early, and has prospered greatly in all parts of the county, its statistics at this time being as follows: Baptist — Number of church organizations, 12; aggregate member- ship, 1,026; number of church edifices, 8; value of church property, $36,050. Christian — Number of church organizations. 6; aggregate membership, 510; number of church edifices, 5; value of church prop- erty, $12,000. Congregational — Number of church organizations, 4; aggregate membership, 302; number of church edifices, 4; value of church projaerty. $12,000. Dunkard — number of church organizations, 1; membership, 22. Episcopal — Number of church organizations, 1; membership, 53; number of church edifices, 1; value of church prop- erty, $28,815. Methodist Episcopal — Number of church organiza- tions, 9; aggregate membership, 756; number of church edifices, 2; vahie of church property, $47,800. Presbyterian — Number of church organizations, 2; aggregate membership, 325; number of church edi- fices, 2; value of church property, $56,000. Roman Catholic — Aggre- gate membership, 6,554; number of church edifices, 7. Swedish Luth- eran — Number of church organizations. 1; membership, 25; number of church edifices, 1; value of church property, $1,000. It will be seen that the Baptists Lave the largest number of organ- ^l SI 1 Hl WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 333 izations, the Roman Catholics have the largest membership, the Bap- tists and Methodists have most houses of worship, and the Presbyte- rians the largest amount of church property. The value of the church property of the Roman Catholics can not be given, but it may exceed that of any other church. There is also in the county (in Kansas City) one organization of Latter-Day Saints, or Mormons. The Catholics have parochial schools, with an average yearly attendance of about 800. St. Margaret's Hospital is purely a charitable institution, and was founded five years ago by Father Anthony Kuhls, who has been in the past, as he is now, its worthy head. Here it is that the good sisters attend the sick or maimed, and during the five years of faithful service the institution has never refused admission to any one needing care or medical attention when there was room within the establishment for him. The institution cares for the Kansas City patients at the rate of 65 cents per diem, and in all other cases, where persons have no means of their own, they are provided for by the funds of the insti- tution, which are raised each year by subscription. ^M#P ■ff- r -^ 334 HISTORY OF KANSAS. CHAPTER XYIII. QuiNDAiio A Famous Pioneek Town— Town Company— Rapid Growth- Rush of Immigrants- Rival Towns— Road to Law- KENCE— Steamer Lightfoot- Decline and Fall of Quindauo- RosEDALE — Its Progress-Incorporation— First and Successive Officers — Development— xVrgentine— Its Town Company — Incorporation — Officers — Smelting Works — Industries — Churches — Societies — Press — Edwardsville — Indian Chief Half-Moon — Edwardsville Cemetery— White Chukch— Bethel —PoMEEOY— Connor— Turner Smelting Works— Bonner (Sara- toga^ Springs— Civil Townships. Ex-Gov. ' Build yet, the end is not, build on; Build for the ages unafraid. The past is but a base whereon These ashlars, well hewn, may be laid. Lo, I declare I deem him blest Whose foot, here pausing, findeth rest! F QUINDARO, a famous pioneer town of the State of Kansas, and a promising rival of Wyan- dotte, but little is now known except in history. It was founded and fostered by such men as Joel Walker, Abelard Guthrie, Gov. Charles Uobinson and Samuel N. Simpson, who con- stituted the original town company — all men of ability and spirited enterprise. In building it up and heralding it far and wide as a great future city, they were assisted by a host of Free-State men. During the reign of terror of 1856, when Kansas City. Leavenworth, Delaware City and Atchison were closed to Free-State men, several fugitives had, at different times, by the assistance of Mr. Guthrie, who owned much of the land in the vicinity, embarked from this point and passed down the river in safety. Probably this fact induced Robinson and his friends to select the site of Quindaro. i > WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 835 Several localities were examined, but the rocky channel of the river at Qnindaro and the warm support given the project by Mr. and Mrs. Guth- rie, finally decided the matter. Principally through the negotiations of Mrs. Guthrie, a Wyandotte lady of royal blood, who.'se father was chief of the Canadian Wyandottes, land was purchased by the com- pany from several members of the tribe, and in December, 1856, was surveyed by O. A. Bassett. The town was surveyed to cover lands ex- tending from the center of Section 29 to the western boundary of Sec- tion 30, and embraced all of fractional section 19 in Township 10 south. Range 25 east. It was bounded north by the Mis- souri River, and extended far enough back to average about three- fourths of a mile in width. Its southern boundary was 480 rods in length, east and west, and on account of the direction of the river its northern boundary was some longer. The town was named Qnindaro in honor of Mrs. Guthrie, whose maiden name was Qnindaro Brown. The town officers chosen were: Joel Walker, president; A. Guthrie, vice-president; C. Robinson, treasurer; S. N. Simpson, secretary. On January 1, 1857. ground was first broken on the town site, but lit- tle building was done until spring. Three or four buildings, however, were erected by April 1, among others the Qnindaro House, the sec- ond largest hotel in the Territory — foar stories, 60x80 feet. It was opened in February, 1857, being the first hotel in the county. In May, a considerable force of men was put to work grading the ground near the wharf, and Kansas Avenue, the main street running south from the river. The Chin do wan made its appearance on the 13th of that month, and in the first is3ue showed its happy faculty of adver- tising a new town in the way such business should be done to make an impression. Professional men already were swarming into Qnin- daro. Real-estate aud'land agents were plentiful. There were R. P. Gray, Charles Chadwick, H. J. Bliss, M. B. Newman, R. M. Ains- worth. Blood, Bassett & Brackett, and Charles Robinson (agent for the Boston Land Trust). Lots were sold for exorbitant prices, and all kinds of real estate was exceedingly high. For many months the appearance of the place argued in favor of the fnlfillment of the wild- e.st anticipations of its most sanguine projectors. Dr. George E. Bud- ington advertised as a physician; F. Johnson and George W. Veal, as dealers in general merchandise; William J. MeCown and Ed D. Buck, ditto; H. M. Simpson, O. H. Macauley, J. Grover and S. C. Smith, forwarding and commission merchants; Charles B. Ellis, civil engineer and surveyor; Ireland & McCorkle, carpenters and joiners; ~s ^ J^l '-4^ 336 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. Fred Klaus, who had a quarry a short distance from town, stone cut- ter and mason ; A. C. Strock & Co. , drugs and medicines. Dr. J. B. Welborn having an office in the same building; William Shej)herd and D. D. Henry, hardware. The largest saw-mill in Kansas, subse- quently erected and started by A. J. Rowell, in the fall, was talked of; a large ferry-boat, one of the largest on the Missouri River, and actually put in operation by Capt. Otis Webb in the summer, was building; Messrs. Robinson, Gray, Johnson, Webb and others were rushing around for subscriptions to build the Quandaro, Parkville & Burlington Railroad, to obtain connections with the Hannibal & St. Jo. ; the Methodist Church was built; Hon. Henry Wilson, who arrived May 24, on the steamer New Lucy, was furnished with rooms at the Quindaro House, and made a little speech to the citizens before he continued on to Lawrence; shares of the town company were going clear out of sight of the $100 from which they started, and, all in all, the spectacle was presented of a town wild with hope, and riding, ap- parently, on to success. Everyone was everybody's friend. Gold cir- culated as freely as water, and in the spring and summer of 1857, few thought it necessary to take security of any kind. The significance of the meaning of the word Quindaro Chin-do-ican, as explained by Messrs. Walden & Babb, its proprietors, seemed about to be gloriously realized. Chin-do-wan is a Wyandotte word, meaning leader, and Quindaro appeared to be taking the lead in everything. Quindaro is also a Wyandotte word, and, freely translated, signified "In union there is strength" — and certainly all the citizens in Quindaro were pulling together. Quindaro was a temperance town, the lots having been deeded with the stipulation that they should not be occupied by liquor dealers. Some groggeries had crept in, however, by June, 1857, and the women petitioned and the men acted, and cleaned them out on the 17th of that month and year. By July the ferry-boat, 100 feet long, with a twenty six-foot beam, was running between Quindaro and Parkville; the road to Lawrence was in prime condition, and Messrs. Robinson & Walker were operating a daily line of stages. The next grand triumph was the completion of the saw-mill in October, which cut 15,000 feet of lumber daily. Building continued; there was no end of public confidence in the grand future of Quindaro. She was a rival of Kansas City, Leavenworth, Atchison and Wyandotte. In the spring and summer of 1857 the people of Quindaro assisted in building a road to Lawrence, and they also built a road in the direc- tion of Shawnee and erected thereon a free ferry across the Kansas ^ ifT WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 337 River, with a view to competing for the wholesale trade of the iute- rior of the Territory. The mail at this time was brought to the Ter- ritory by steamboats. It is said that there were then sixty-live lirst- class steamers in the Missouri River trade, all of which did a success- ful business. The Quindaro company went to Cincinnati and had the Lightfoot, a light draft steamer, built, and established a steamboat line to Lawrence ; Wyandotte followed suit, and Kansas City, Mo. , not to be outdone, also embarked in navigating Kansas River. By June, 1858, Quindaro boasted 100 buildings on her town site. many of them of a substantial, metropolitan appearance. The Chin- do-wan kept up its trumpeting, and was taken possession of by V. J. Lane (who had been an energetic Quindaroan since the spring of 1857), G. W. Veale and Alfred Gray. They also published the Kan- sas Tribune in the fall and winter of 1858-59. The publication was continued for the benefit of the town company until 1861, when it was removed to Olathe. But the glory of Quindaro was already fad- ing, and when the Second Cavalry, under Col. Davis, quartered them- selves there at the commencement of the war, and handled the city so roughly, she gave up the ghost and is no more. The half dozen buildings comprising the station of Quindaro are so desolate that they hardly could be honored with the name of settlement. In 1871-72 the old town site was vacated — first the western and then the eastern portion. In explanation of the fall of Quindaro it is suggested by some old citizens that her location was uninviting; that the lay of the land was such that a city could not be built near the river without making too expensive grades, or as one has expressed it, "they could not get the city down to the river," while at AVyandotte the land rose gradually from the river bank near the water line, thus affording an easy landing and access to it without much grading. Again, Wyandotte and Kan- sas City, both rivals of Quindaro, were located directly at the junc- tion of two navigable rivers, instead of on one as was the case with Quindaro, thus making them more attractive to immigrants. How- ever, whatever the cause or causes may or may not have been, the fact exists that Quindaro fell, and her site as a town has been vacated, while Wyandotte has been merged into and forms the greater part of Kansas City, Kas., the metropolis of the State, a city of about 40,000 inhabitants. The Quindaro Cemetery, including the two acres reserved by the Government in the Wyandotte treaty of January 31, 1855, and known J ry 388 HISTORY OF KANSAS. as the ■' Old Wyandotte Burial Ground," situated in the southwest part of Section 31, Township 10 south, Range 25 east, was surveyed and laid out into lots, drives and walks, in January, 1874, by the Quindaro Cemetery Association, of which S. D. Stoors w as then presi- dent, and W. W. Dickinson, secretary. The new cemetery, together with the old one, contains seven acres. Rosedale, situated on Turkey Creek and on the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad, four miles southwest of the Union Depot, and occupying portions of Sections 27, 33 and 34, in Township 11 south, Range 25 east, was surveyed and platted as a town in May, 1872, by James G. Brown aad A. Grandstaff the original proprietors. The building of the town was commenced in 1875, the rolling mills having been erected in that year. It was not until the year 1877, however, that the town contained the necessary population of 600 to entitle it to a government under the law providing for the existence of cities of the third class. August 3 of that year. Judge Stevens ordered an election to be held on the 28th of the same month for the election of city officers. The officers elected for the ensuing year were: Mayor, D. S. Mathias; councilmen, John Hutchinson, Sr., Henry Juergens, William Bowen, John Haddock, Benjamin Bousman; police judge, Ed- ward Blanford; city clerk. William Dauks. Mayor Mathias held his office several successive terms. His successor in 1882 was D. E. Jones. The mayors since then have been W. C. Boyer, 1883; D. E. Jones, 1884; w". H. Spencer, 1885; D. E. Jones, 1886-88; B. M. Barnett, 1889, and J. M. Kilmer, 1890. The present council is com- posed of S. J. Jones, president; J. E. Fisher, F. A. McDowell, W. C. Copley and C. Schoeller. D. J. Leavengood is clerk. The churches of Rosedale are the Methodist Episcopal, Roman Catholic, Baptist and Presbyterian. The secret societies are the Knights of Pythias, Ancient Order of United Workmen and Ancient Order of Foresters. The Methodist Episcopal Church edifice was erected in 1881, at a cost of 12,000. The Roman Catholic is the oldest church organization in the city, having come into existence in 1876. It built a church edifice the following year, which, in Febru- ary, 1881, was consumed by fire. It had, however, previously com- pleted the frame church on Kansas City Avenue. In 1882 the colored Baptists built a church at a cost of 11,000. The Kansas City Rolling Mills were established in Rosedale in 1875, and did a large amount of business for a few years, when they closed up and the business was discontinued. "S \' WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 339 The Kansas City Journal, of January 1, 1890, in reviewing the business of Rosedale for the past year, says: "It has fine schools, plenty of churches, famous mineral waters, evenly blocked streets, perfect sewerage and street car accommodations in all directions. But Rosedale has by no means stood still during the past year, showing unusual activity in business and building. Among other matters that have been done is the building of the Eighth Street Bridge, which will give direct communication with Armourdale and Kansas City, Kas., over which street cars will run every few minutes, opening up the back country here, and causing all Shawneetown to pass through the city on their way to the court-house and other public buildings. Dur- ing the past year the city has equipped and organized a tine hook and ladder company — one of the most necessary things that this city has needed for years. Several miles of sidewalks have been built, and new streets opened in all directions. Street cars run all through to Kansas City, Mo., without changes, and the electric light system and water-works system will be in operation before the year closes. Among the buildings erected during the past year are Bell & Rose's fine brick, which cost $10,000; Dr. Bell's tine stable and improvements, $3,000; Kemp's hall, $2,500; the McGeorge block, the finest in the city, of solid cut stone, three stories, elegantly finished, costing some $7,000; the post-office building, erected by W. C. Copley, the postmaster, a very neat structure, devoted entirely to post-office matters, and an ornament to the city and convenience to the public; new colored school; neat store of George Rose; the Park Hotel, a very neat build- ing; W. H. Mann's new hardware store, and a number of other smaller dwellings, etc." The thriving young city of Argentine is situated on the south bank of the Kansas River, three miles from it mouth. The location of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe transfer depot here was rendered neces- sary in order to find room for their side tracks, round-house, coal chute and sheds. This location on the south bank of the river is pleasant, convenient, dry and rpomy. A town sprung up here at once, and, as the different business interests have continued to select this as a loca- tion for manufacturing, the town has grown accordingly. The town site proper is a subdivision of Sections 20 and 2U, Township 11, Range 25 east. It was platted in Novemljer, 1880, and originally contained sixty acres. James M. Coburn was proprietor of the first town site. The Kansas Town Company, of Wyandotte County, was organized under its charter of date of April 9, 1881, capital, $100,000; incor- ^; r 340 HISTOBY OF KANSAS. porators, William B. Strong, George O. Manchester, Joab Mulvane, E. Wilder, J. R. Mulvane, the same being directors for the first year. The officers elected were Joab Mulvane, president and manager, and E. Wilder, secretary and treasurer. There were purchased for this company some 415 acres of land in Sections 20, 21, 28, 29, Township 11, Range 25 east, in Wyandotte County, Kas. , and after turning over to the Kan- sas City, Topeka & Western Railroad what was desired for railroad purposes, the remainder, some 360 acres, was platted and put upon the market as Mulvane' s Addition to the town of Argentine. In 1882 Judge Dexter, having become satisfied that this young city had a sufficient number of inhabitants to entitle it to a city gov- ernment, ordered an election to be held on the first Tuesday in August, 1882. The following are the names of the officers then elected: Mayor, G. W. Gully; councilmen, John Steffins, A. Borgstede, W. C. Blue, Patrick O'Brien and George Simmons; police judge, A. J. Dol- ley; marshal, Charles Duvall; city clerk, J. H. Halderman. Since that year the mayors of the city have been as follows: David G. Bliss, 1883; John A. Healy, 1884; G. W. Gulley, 1885; T. J. Enright, 1886- 87; G. W. Gulley, 1888; Steven March. 1889. The city was incor- porated as a city of the second class in October, 1889, and the follow- ing are its present officers: William McGeorge, mayor; C. T. Wortman, police judge; C. E. Bowman, treasurer; John C. Long, city clerk; E. Z. McCulloch, president council; S. March, chief of police. In October, 1881, District No. 40 was made a separate district, to include the city of Argentine, and the following school board was elected: A. T. Smith, president; John Steffins, treasurer; William Erwin, secretary. During the winter of 1881-82, a very successful school was taught. The colored children attended a separate school taught by a colored lady. The necessity of a public school building now becom- ing apparent, on August 28. 1882, an election was held to vote bonds to the amount of $7,000, for the purpose of building a school-house. The bonds were carried and the building was erected. The Consolidated Kansas City Smelting Company, with head- quarters at this city and smelting works at Argentine, El Paso and Leadville, is the largest smelting and refining company in the world. The company's smelting works have a capacity of 23,000 tons of ore per month, or 276,000 tons per annum. The total refining capacity reaches the enormous amount of 50,000 tons of lead and 20,000,000 ounces of silver per year. The output of the works at the present ^^(! < -^ ' — WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 341 ?k time amonnts to nearly one-tifth of the total lead and silver prodiTcts of the United States. The company employs at its Argentine works an average of 400 men the year round. Eighteen acres of land at Argentine are occupied by the company's plant. The Argentine works comprise what is undoubtedly the most complete metallurgical estab- lishment on the continent. The central location at Argentine enables the company to reach all ore markets of the West, both north and south. The supplies are drawn from Idaho, Mintana, Utah, Colorado, Neve Mexico, Arizona, Texas. Missouri, and the mining districts of old Mexico. To reach these markets and supply itself with the ores necessary for the different smelting works, the company employs a large number of agents and ore buyers, who are located at mining camps and ore markets. These agents are men who have, by college education or thorough practical experience, fitted themselves for their important duties. The marketing of the vast product is done at the o-eneral office in Kansas City and the three branch offices in St. Louis. Chicago and New York. The management of the affairs of the company is conducted by an efficient corps of smelting and financial men, who are also public spir- ited gentlemen. At Argentine and the other smelting works, the company has erected a number of cottages, which are rented to mar- ried employes at a very low rate. A free reading room is also main- tained at Argentine, where the current numbers of magazines, mining papers and also a full supply of writing material are kept on hand for the use of employes. Mr. A. R. Meyer, president of the company, is also president of the Provident Association, and is prominently con- nected with the public enterprises of the city. The company was or- ganized nine years ago and is recognized as one of the most successful business enterprises in the United States. The Santa Fe Railroad has its yards and roundhouses, telegraph and freight offices situated here, and employs, it is estimated, some 200 men. The city's radiator works, the only exclusive one in the United States, are situated also at this point. The improvements done in this town within the past year are estimated at some $750,0(10. Argentine in 1888 had 3.264 inhabitants, in 1889, 4,235, and at the present time some 6,500. It keeps on steadily increasing and shortly will take a leading place among metropolitan cities. The Argentine Real Estate Investment Company and Loan Com- pany, of which Mr. Norton Thayer is manager, has done much to- ward making Argentine what it is to-day. Having under their control what is known as the West End Addition, comprising some of the finest residence locations, they have offered inducements that have been readily accepted by parties settling in Argentine. The numerous ad- vantages this addition has, are, that it is situated within the city limits and within easy access of transportation, has the most improved sys- tem of water works and is thoroughly lighted by electricity. The ad- dition has some of the finest residences in Argentine built upon it, and which are now being daily added to, to supply the demand which is increasing rapidly. The Argentine Bank commenced business on February 1, 1S87, from which time it has steadily increased, its "motto" having always been conservative and careful business since the day of commence- ment, which has won the good will and esteem of the citizens of Ar- gentine. The proprieters are among the oldest inhabitants of the county, and have records worthy of investigation. The officers are: Nicholas McAlpine; G. A. Taylor, cashier, and J. F. Barker, assistant cashier. The Congregationalists of this city have held services in this town since the summer of 1881, but it was not until May 21, 1882, that the church was organized. It commenced with a membership of forty-five. They were temporarily using a building for divine service while devising ways and means for the erection of a church, when the wind of June, 1882, which destroyed so much church and school prop- erty in Eastern Kansas, almost completely destroyed their house of worship. Then was their opportunity, and in three months they had completed their new church building, corner of Kuby Avenue and Second Street. Other churches since organized and now existing in the city, are the Baptist, Methodist Episcopal, Colored Baptist, Colored Methodist Episcopal, Protestant Episcojial and Roman Catholic. The following benevolent societies have lodges in the city: Knights of Pythias, Ancient Order United Workmen, Ancient Order of Foresters, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, Eastern Star, Grand Army of the Republic, Sons of Veterans, Women's Relief Corps, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and Daughters of Rebekah. The Argentine Republic, a neatly printed and well edited seven- column folio, is published every Thursday bj^ Joseph T. Landrey, its editor and proprietor. The thirty-second number of its third volume is dated July 12, 1890. It was established by Mr. Landrey. The following description of the thriving city of Argentine, show- WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 343 ing what it contains, the value of its property, and its prosperity, was published in the Kansas City Journal of January 1, 1890: " Since Argentine has become a city of the second class, she has sud- denly jumped into prosperity and has put on metropolitan airs. She now has the finest water- works system possible, while its electric lights shed a radiance that can not be improved upon. The police force has been organized, placing men to guard the city day and night, which causes the best of order to prevail. Next are the electric street ears running through the leading streets in the city, making their terminus for the present at Metropolitan Avenue and Third Street. The Santa Fe road is building a line new dejjot, and is now running trains every hour at a 5-cent fare to Kansas City, Mo. The Metropolitan Street Railway are running their electric cars on perfect schedule time, starting at 5:30 a. m., and terminating at 11:30 p. m. This affords ample opportunity for all to live here and attend liusi ness or pleasure in Kansas City, Mo., for a 5-cent fare, making the run in about thirty minutes. It is causing hundreds to flock here, and tenement houses are not to be. had. The beautiful locality, fine scenery and easy way of access to and from all points, causes it to be desirable for homes for all. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe have also put on a suburban train, running eighteen trains each day be- tween West Argentine and Kansas City, Mo. The same company is also putting up a new depot for the accommodation of its many pas- sengers. Few have any idea of the great improvements of ISSU. They foot up quite rapidly, and may be easily estimated at 1750,000. The smelter company alone has expended •?100,000 in additions, etc., and the past year exported 118,000,000 in silver bricks, giving em- ployment to nearly 500 men. Among the most notable improvements are Booker's fine residence, Christ's residence, Parker's dwelling, Noke's elegant stone opera house, Argentine bank, blocks of fine red brick, Boergstede brick block, one of the finest in the city; Knnze's cut stone block, Probst fine frame block, Rickert's frame building, Chancy' s frame dwelling, iron foundry, water works and electric light plant. Argentine in 1888 had 3,26-1 inhabitants; in the spring of 1889, -1,235, and at present time over 6,000. The school attendance during the year is excellent, as shown as follows: The fol- lowing is the enrollment of scholars at the old school: Total, 415; daily attendance, 325; average, 78 per cent. West End Addition en- rollment, 229; daily attendance, 175; average per cent, 76. North Aigentine enrollment, 202; daily attendance, 137; average, per cent. •<* (S~ i "V 75. Total enrollment, 846; average daily attendance, 635. Total school children, male, 409; female. 437. Tardy, females 241; males, 215; total, 456. Number of days in attendance, 12,311. " The following statement, returned by Township Trustee McMahon, who has completed a report of the aggregate value of personal prop erty and improvements made in Shawnee Township up to March 1, 1889, is as follows: Peiisonal property in Shawnee Township, 1102,- 444; improvements on Argentine lots, $80,000; Rosedale improve- ments, $30,000; value of milk sold in Argentine, $40,575; value of horticultural products sold, $39,945; amount of personal property in Argentine, $71,441; amount of Rosedale personal property, $37,605; value of farm implements, $11,177; value of poultry sold, $2,245. The report also gives the number of fruit-trees in the township. The above statistics should make every citizen of Argentine feel proud. Prof. Sortor, who has just completed the school census, announces that marriage is no failure in Argentine, as shown by the report that Argentine has 1,112 children for the year 1889, against 700 for the year 1888, an increase of 412. " The following is a complete list of what Argentine has, and shows that the citizens here lack nothing, for they have 1 bank, 1 ilorist, 5 hotels, 1 dentist, 5 dairies, no vagrants, 4 tinners, an Owl Club, 6 churches, 1 j)lumber, 4 lawyers, 2 bakeries, 1 city park, 6 preachers, 1 post-office, 2 railroads, 8 painters, 1 book store, 6 restaurants, 3 laundries, beautiful streets, 1 union depot, 1 opera house, 5 public halls, 1 notion store, 1 planing-mill, 1 cornet band, 40 machinists, 3 shoe shops, 2 livery barns, 1 lumber yard, 2 undertakers, 3 telephones, 1 harness shop, 1 cigar factory, 3 drug stores. 1 tire company, 2 wagon shops, 10 meat markets, 9 barber shops, 4 billiard halls, 12 physicians, 2 city draymen, 3 news stands, 60 car repairers, 50 stone masons, 3 stock buyers, 5 stove repairers, 1 telegraph office, 2 jewelry stores, 1 city jail (empty), 2 large foundries, 8 music teachers, 1 carriage factory, 3 clothing stores, 20 brick masons, 4 dry goods stoves, 1 5 grocery stores, 5 real estate offices, 8 millinery stores, 12 stone quarries, 4 blacksmith shops, 3 hardware stores, 12 secret societies, 12 school teachers, 3 fur- niture dealers, 3 insurance agents, 2 express companies, 6,000 popula- tion, cement and paint works, 2 veterinary surgeons, 56 boarding- houses, 5 boot and shoe stores, a home theatrical troupe, an electric street-car line, 8 coal and feed dealers, a band stand in the city park, the Jake White-Feather Spring, pays 180,000 per month for labor, 1 steamboat and 12 barges, 1 building and loan association, 1 loan and in- f vestQieat corapany, S dressmaking estaljlishments, 2 dealers in music- al instruments, 2 merchant tailoring establishments, 000 scholars in the public schools, 2 new iron bridges (the finest in the State), ex- pended $600,000 in building in the past year, 150 carpenters and con- tractors, 12 city wells that can not be pumped dry, smelts 118,000,000 worth of precious metals per year, the largest smelter in the world and employs 900 men. the only exclusive radiator works in the United States, finer residences than any town in Wyandotte County, the best system of water- works and electric lights in the State, a roundhouse and the finest railroad yard in Kansas and the finest power-house for electric light and water-works in the State. A more prosperous city is not to lie seen anywhere. ' • The West End Addition to Argentine promises, at an early day, to become the center of the business portion of the city, and why 'i" ' Be- cause of its rapid growth, its fine buildings, excellent roads and streets, nice sidewalks and its general central locality, and, especially, its close proximity to all the packing-houses, foundries and other manufacto- ries located in Armourdale just across the river, connected by two fine bridges. In fact, the larger portion of the citizens of Argentine live in the West End portion of the city, and if the dividing line was drawn, there is but little doubt but the bulk of the population would be foLind iu the West End. It is here the Santa Fe's large freight houses, machine shops, roundhouses, depot, telegraph and fi'eight offices are located. The cement works have also a large plant here. Here are the canning factory, planing-mill, radiator works, corrugated iron works, lumber and coal yards, and other smaller industries, employ- ing about 400 men, while within a mile, on a direct, excellent road, good all the year round, is situated the Turner Furniture Factory, also the mammoth Turner Smelter, which will employ about as many more hands, making a total of not less than 800 to 1,000 people employed, all mechanics, showing at a glance and in a few words that there need be no idle hands in the West End Addition. Much has been said about the getting to and from Kansas City, Mo. This has now all been ob- viated by the completion and running of the electric street cars through to Argentine, they running from 5:30 a. m. to midnight to Kansas City. Mo., for a 5-cent fare, lauding one in the heart of the city in about thirty- dve minutes from the lime of leaving home. This line is universally acknowledged to be the finest equipped in the United States. Independent of this, the Santa Fe road has put on special trains at greatly reduced fares between here and Kansas City, Mo.. ■14V thus showing that rapid transit is now in full working order. In addition to this the West End is lighted with electric lights, has a per- fect water-works system, and now has a regular police force, is fully represented in the council and school b«ard, and in general is metro- politan in everything except taxes, which are but a mere nominal amount. Its excellent schools, churches etc. , cause property here to be highly desirable for the working man to purchase and build his home. Property is not held as yet at fancy lignres, although it possesses so many advantages which are now in actual force, and not a promise of what might or will be. Mamifactories are now commencing to lo cate here rapidly, and negotiations are pending for a number of plants which will build this summer. Property in this addition is held at less than half the price of equally as well located property the same distance from Kansas City, Mo. Investors and home seekers are sure to find here a safe and profitable investment. The company's offices are in rooms 16 and 17, Gibraltar Building, Kansas City, Mo., and on the ground, at Argentine." During the early part of the year 1881), a number of local capital- ists, among whom were Col. W. N. Ewing, H. H. Reynolds, James D. Husted and Mr. John Lovelace and his sons, perfected the organization of the Turner Smelting Company, with a capital stock of $300,000. Donations of land amounting to 150 acres, a short distance west of Ar- gentine, were secured, and during the summer work was commenced on the extensive smelting works. The buildings are completed, and the works have been in operation since July, 1890. The works have a capacity about equal to the Kansas City Smelting & Refining Com- pany's Works at Argentine, and when well under operation 500 men will be employed. It is estimated that this company will turn out a product of from $1,000,000 to $2,000,000 annually. This company was first organized with a capital of $300,000, and it was deemed best, instead of bonding its property, to increase the capital stock $200,000 in order to raise the requisite operating capital, the directors feeling confident that no industrial stock was ever offered here having a brighter future for earning good dividends, or as a safe investment. The property of the company consists of 150 acres of land, worth at least $150,000, and the works costing $100,000, all free of debt, aggregating a total valuation of $250,000, for which stock has been issued, leaving in the treasury an unissued 500 shares, which with the increase, makes 2,500 shares for sale, with which to buy ores and operate the plant. These works were planned by and built under 'k^ the personal siipervision of Mr. H. Webb, one of the leading practical experts of the United States in this line (this being the seventh smel- ter he has built), and the directors spared no pains to make this smelting and refining plant one of the most perfect, effective and economical in the world. Every valuable improvement in the art is taken advantage of, and the most competent and successful smelters and refiners in the country who have visited this new plant do not hesitate to say that they can suggest no improvement at any point; that the location selected is the best they ever saw for the purpose of economy and dispatch. The best of lime rock for fluxing, and an abundance of clear water, are immediately at hand. The pitch of the hill and the firm foundation it affords, together with the advan- tage of using gravitation, instead of men and machinery, to do the heavy work, contribute largely toward making this plant exceptionally economical in its operation. The directors of the company are L. E. Irwin (president), W. N. Ewing, N. McAlpine, S. G. Douglas, J. D. Husted, R. K. Pitkin, E. E. Richardson, Charles Lovelace, P. H. Tiernan, John Smith and H. H. Reynolds. A new enterprise of importance, started in 1889, is the Turner Furniture Manufactory. The company was organized in the spring, and a $10,000 plant was completed some time in July and placed in operation. The manufactory has been running at its fullest capacity with twenty-five men employed, and has been unable to keep up with orders. Large additions are contemplated as a means of increasing the capacity. Edwardsville is a station on the Union Pacific Railroad, located on the southeast quarter of Section 26, in Township 11 south, Range 23 east, in Wyandotte County, being about three miles south and eleven miles west of the mouth of the Kansas River. It was named for Hon. John H. Edwards, then general passenger and ticket agent of the road, since then a State Senator from Ellis County, Kas. The land where this rural village now stands was once the farm of Half-Moon, a chief of some degree among the Delawares. He sold the land to Gen. T. Smith, of Leavenworth, and others, who in turn sold it to William Kouns. A post-office was established in 1867. The Methodist Episcopal Church effected an organization in 1868, and had quite a large membership. In 1868, through the personal influence and direct labors of William Kouns, the county commission- ers created the town of Delaware, in which Edwardsville is located. It was platted in 1869, the proprietor being Mr. William Kouns. ^ € r- -.« eh^ ^^ Some time in 1870 the Christian (Jhurch was organized here. Com- j)osit Lodge No. 152, A. F. & A. M. , was organized here in 1872. but in 1877 surrendered its charter. The village now contains three general stores, a railroad depot, express and telegraph offices, stock yards, a blacksmith and wagon shop, two church edifices — Methodist Episcopal and Christian — a brick school-house, etc., and has a popula- tion of about 50(). Edwardsville Cemetery, containing three acres, was laid out in 1879. Ivy Walk runs through the center from the entrance, and Dak Avenue is a circular street through the grounds, departing from and returning to the entrance. There are numerous other walks, and the grounds contain 342 burial lots. In November, 1870, John McDaniekl and his wife, Ellen, laid out the village of Tiblow on the north bank of Kansas River, on the line of the Kansas Pacific Railway, on parts of Sections 29 and 32, in Township 11 south, Range 23 east. The site was surveyed to contain ten blocks, each being subdivided into lots. There being very fine springs of medicinal waters at this point, the idea was conceived to make it a summer health resort and a suburban residence town for people doing business in Kansas City, it being seventeen miles from the Union Depot in that city. To this end the Bonner Springs Com- pany was organized, and in November, 1885, the town of Bonner Springs, adjoining Tiblow on the northwest, was surveyed and laid out to contain nineteen blocks of various sizes, each subdivided into lots of different sizes. D. R. Emmons was president and James D. Husted secretary of this company. Subsequently the property in the town site remaining unsold was transferred to the Saratoga Springs Town Company. This company also purchased lands adjoining, and laid out some additions, and fitted up Saratoga Park, including the springs. A thousand acres in all have been subdivided into 7,038 lots. Many lots have been sold and many residences have been erected. The place contains several stores, the railroad buildings, good church and school privileges, and about 500 inhabitants. It is a beautiful place with pleasant surroundings, and is free from smoke, dust and all nuisances. The park contains sixty acres, which is supplied with flowers, foliage, springs, streams and lake. Daily excursion trains run between the Union Depot in Kansas City and Bonner Springs. A large hotel— the Coranado— is open at the park. The offices of the company are at 809 Main Street, Kansas City, Mo., and 523 Minnesota Avenue, Kansas Citv. Kas. r '^ White Church, on the Kansas City, Wyandotte & Northwestern Railroad, about nine miles west of Kansas City on a direct line, is a pretty little hamlet, and is the historical scene of the old Delaware Mission and the building of the " White Church," for the benefit of the Indians. It is about three miles south of Pomeroy, which is on the Missouri Pacific Railroad. It contains one general store, a school- house, a church — Methodist Episcopal, South — and a few dwelling houses, with a population of about 50. A Ma.sonic lodge was char- tered here October 20, 1870. Bethel, on the Kansas City, Wyandotte & Northwestern Railway, and on the northwest quarter of Section 32, Township 10 south, Range 24 east, was laid out by the White Church Town Site and Im- provement Company, in May, 1SS7, when D. D. Hong was president and W. H. Young, secretary. It lies nine miles west by rail from . the mouth of Jersey Creek, at Kansas City, and 300 feet above that place. It is also about three-fourths of a mile northeast of White Church. It now contains a large general store, brick and terra cotta works, a railroad depot, telegraph and express office, a town hall, blacksmith and wagon shojJ, etc. It is very pleasant!}- situated, and, lying on the ridge, as it does, above the mosquito line, it is never in- fested with these troublesome insects. From this point can be seen Kansas City, Leavenworth. Parkville, and other points in the distance. Bethel is designed as a suburban residence town for the two Kansas Cities. Many lots have been sold to parties in the cities, who contem- plate building residences here. Piper, also situated on the Kansas Citv, Wj'andotte & Northwestern Railroad, on the southwest corner of Section 28 and the northwest corner of Section 33, in Township 10 north. Range 23 east, was laid out in September, 1888, by L. E. Scott, Margaret Scott, John Wald- ron, Ella L. W^aldron. W. S. Brown and S. A. Brown, the proprietors of the town site, embracing forty acres. The village contains two gen- eral stores, a blacksmith and wagon shop, railroad depot, telegraph and express office, etc. , and a population of between 200 and 300. The town of Pomeroy, on the Missouri River, and on the Missouri Pacific Railroad, on Section 20, in Township 10 south. Range 24 east, was laid out in May, 1871, by William P. and Sarah M. Over- ton, and Frank H. and Susanna Betton. It has never risen above the dignity of a village, containing at this writing a railroad depot, a general store, a flouring- mill, school-house, union church and a few dwelling houses. It is about ten miles distant from Kansas City. -*-^- ^t 350 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Connor City was laid out in February, 1S68, by Alfred W. Hughes and William Hughes, on the southwest quarter of Section 12, in Town- ship 10 south, Range 23 east. All the streets were made sixty feet wide and the alleys sixteen feet wide. The lots in size were 42 feet front by 126 feet in length. The town is platted on both sides of the Missouri Pacific Railroad, and Connor's Creek passes through it. It was surveyed and platted by Samuel Parsons in January, 1868. It contains a railroad depot, telegraph and express office, a school- house, dwelling-houses, and a population of between 200 and 300. In addition to the foregoing there are a number of post villages throughout the county, each containing a post-office and store. Of the civil or municipal townships of Wyandotte County, Quindaro and Wyandotte were originally organized while the territory compos- ing them belonged to Leavenworth County. Quindaro was re estab- lished April 5, 1869. It now comprises all that part of the county lying immediately north of the second standard parallel south, and east of the line dividing Ranges 23 and 24 east, being all of fractional townships in Township 10 south, in Ranges 24 and 25 east, and being bounded north and east by the Missouri River. Wyandotte Civil Township embraces all the land in Township 11 south, in Ranges 24 and 25 east, which lies north of the Kansas River; and Shawnee Civil Township embraces all the land in the same township, and ranges lying south of the river. The latter township was organized as here described April 5, 1869. Delaware Civil Township was established January 4, 1869. It embraces all of Townships 11 and 12 south, lying north of the Kansas River, in Range 23 east. Prairie Civil Township was established March 8, 1869. It embraces all of Town- ship 10 south, in Range 23 east, and is in the northwest corner of the county, Delaware adjoining it on the south and forming the southwest part of the county. A|^ ^■. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 351 CHAPTER XIX. OuKiiN OF Wyandotte— Indian Occupancy— 1'nited States Indian Agency— First Temperance Society— First Jail— Wyandotte Indian Convention— Treaty of 1855— Land Office— Sti^rvey of Wyandotte— Kusii of Immigration— Rapid Growth— First En- terprises — Election in 1857 — Scene at the Wyandotte Conven- tion IN 1859— First Post-office— Death of the Members of the Wyandotte City Company— Incorporation— Roster of Officers — City Addition's— Former Kansas City— Armourdale — Press- Meetings at Wyandotte September 4 and 23, 1875— Predictions AS to the Future Metropolis— Consolidation— Governor's Proclamation. ' We have no title deeds to liouse or lands; Owners and occupants of earlier dates From graves forgotten stretcli their dusty hands. And hold in mortmain still their old estates." OT without truth may it be said of the city of Wyandotte (now a part of Kansas City, Kas. ), that it had a double origin, one by the W'yan- dotte Indians, v?hen they settled its site in 1843, and one by the whites when it was SUV- 'S veyed and platted by a body of men known as the Wyandotte City Company, in 1857. .\s heretofore mentioned in connection with the settle- 'iii»nt of the cotmty, the Wyandotte Indians occupied he site of Wyandotte City in the fall of 1843. J. M. Armstrong erected his log-cabin (the first house on the site) and moved into it December 10 of that year. One week later Mrs. Catharine Long and her family moved into their cabin on the north side of Jei'sey Creek. John W. Grayeyes was at this time building a hewed- house on the west side of the present Third Street. This afterward became a part of the residence of Joel Walker. Dr. Grayeyes built a cabin on the opposite side of the road, and Robert Robitaille built and resided on the same ^ s "V ' 352 HISTORY OF KANSAS. side, near the present corner of Nebraska and Third Streets. The United States blacksmith to the ^Vyandottes, Charles Graham, came during the winter of 1843-4-1, and erected his shop and residence near the northwest corner of the same streets. A company store, in which most of the leading Wyandottes had shares, was located between what are now Kansas and Minnesota Avenues, west of Third Street. It was a long log building, divided into two departments, the store- room and a back room, used in jjart for a council house. Joel Walker, who had the management of the store, was clerk of the council. On the hill, on Kansas Avenue, opposite Cunning's Hall, Henry Jaques, one of the chiefs, built his residence, which he afterward sold to the nation for a jail. He then erected his second residence on the Dunning' s Hall site. From May, 1845, to the spring of 184U, this was occupied as a United States agency. Silas Armstrong built two cabins near the location of McGrew's slaughter house, and resided there un- til 1846, when he removed them to a location west of Fifth Street near Kansas Avenue, and in 1848 built his brick residence, afterward known as the Eldridge House, which burned in the summer of 1864. Francis Driver built on the Kansas Kiver bluffs, near the ferry, and Sanahas, father of John Sanahas, and Charles Splitlog, settled in the same neighborhood. Matthias Splitlog was with Jaques, and in 1845 he married his great-niece, Eliza Barnett. William Walker built a double hewed-log house on the north side of Jersey Creek, and moved into one end of it in May, 1844. He and a young man from New York, who helped him do the work, camped there during the winter of 1843-44. Walker named the creek. Just west of Walker's house was the Methodist Episcopal parsonage, completed in July, 1844. The same month the first school was opened in the new building on the east side of Fourth Street, between Kansas and Nebraska Ave- nues, by John M. Armstrong. The winter of 1843-44 was mild, and only the wealthier Wyandottes built houses; all the others from lack of means were compelled to live in camps. It was the expectation of the Wyandottes, based upon governmental promises, that an appro- priation of 1100,000 would be granted them that session of Congress. The chiefs divided the town called Wyandotte into acre lots, upon which the}' intended to build, their farming lands being out of town, but the remainder of the improvement fund was not paid over then, nor until October, 184^5, and they did not even then obtain it until after three delegations had gone to Washington to plead their cause. But from the time the W^yandottes purchased the Delaware lands, ll£ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 353 they paid $4,000 annually out of their annuity fund. Thus it came about, because of their scarcity of funds, and doubt as to the future, that the town of Wyandotte did not improve more rapidl}'. Disease was also busy in the midst of the nation, the cause of it being the great tlood of 1844, described elsewhere in this work in connection with the settlement by the Wyandottes. The species of sickness which prevailed the most and made the most havoc in the nation, were chills and fever and bloody flux. It it stated that there was not a single well person in the nation by the latter part of the fall of 1844. The town of Wyandotte having these discouragements of poverty and sickness to contend with, could not be expected to grow, neither did it. The building of the first church and tirst parsonage is related elsewhere. A temperance society was organized among the Wyandottes as early as the winter of 1844-45, it having its origin substantially in this wise: In December, 1844, a prominent member of the nation moved his household goods over from Westport. There being no bridge, he loaded them into a flatboat on the Missouri side, and engaged of his tribe to bring them up the river and land them at Wyandotte. It happened that they were under the influence of liquor, and having propelled the boat to the mouth of Turkey Creek, left it there to float away and lose its contents. This misfortune suggested the formation of a temperance organization, the first in the Territory. But although the temperance society was strong and influential, a sterner remedy for the increasing evil was found necessary; consequently a jail was built in the fall of 1840, on the spot previously mentioned, and its first occupant, a man, was locked up for being drunk. Afterward a Wyandotte man got hold of a Mormon Bible, and induced another woman to live with him when he already had a wife. For this otfense both he and the woman were locked up in the jail. Notwithstanding the temperance society, drunkenness continued, and during the conflict between the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the Methodist Episco- pal Church, South, or between freedom and slavery, which was practicably the same contest, disorder and drunkenness increased among the Wyandottes to a great extent. In June, 1851, the Wyan- dottes held a national convention, composed of all men over eighteen years of age. This convention elected thirteen delegates, who formed a constitutional convention to revise the laws of the nation. The con- vention sat several weeks, and the constitution as drafted by John M. Armstrong, was unanimously adopted. Having received his legal ^. r ,u 354: HISTORY OF KANSAS. education in Ohio, Mr. Armstrong had in his possession the laws of that State, and the principal features of the constitution were drawn from that source. By the treaty of January 31, 1855 (given elsewhere in this work), provisions were made whereby all competent Wyaudottes should be- come citizens, and their lands should become subject to purchase by the white settlers. Following this, the next important event was the landing in Wyandotte on September 10, of that year, of Gen. Cal- houn, with the surveyor-general's office. Robert Ream, father of Vin- nie Ream, the sculptress, was chief clerk, Samuel Parsons was chief clerk in the Indian department, and Edwin T. Vedder, Robert Ream, Jr., and Pennymaker were clerks in the office. The land office was opened in a double log-house opposite the site of Dunning' s Hall. Just in the rear of the surveyor-general' s office stood the jail, a log- pen 10x12 feet in size, in which a Wyandotte Indian, named Pea- cock, was confined for murder. The prisoner had a reed flute of Indian manufacture, with which he kept up a constant strain of annoying music. In time, the men in the land office, wishing to get rid of the annoyance, and not having the fear of the Indian nation's law in their minds, broke down the prison door and bade the prisoner escape, which he did. Being subsequently pardoned by the Wyan- dottes he returned. When the white settlement began, after the making of the treaty above mentioned, it was found that the Indian village of Wyandotte had not assumed proportions as a town of much importance, though it was admirably situated for a place of great future commercial inter- ests. The Indians received their lands in severalty under the treaty, but owing to the delay in obtaining their patents from the Government, they were unable to convey their lands by title deeds to the white set- tlers until 1857. Having become citizens, the time was ripe for a union with any white settlers who might make their appearance. They could now transact business on equal terms, and their opportu- nity soon arrived. In December, 1856, Dr. J. P. Root and Thomas B. Eldridge came from Lawrence to Wyandotte for the purpose of selecting a good town site for a company of Eastern friends and capi- talists who were anxious to invest their money to advantage. All but these two remained in Kansas City. Messrs. Root and Eldridge were entertained over night at the house of Silas Armstrong, and in the morning looked over the ground. They found that Isaiah Walker was busy running a variety store and post-office on the north side of fy xa ^ T J, WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 355 Nebraska Avenue, between Third and Fourth Streets — the same build- ing afterward used as a court-house. Thomas Barker was then sales- man; Maj. Overton was a partner of Silas Armstrong. The bottom between Wyandotte and Kansas City was then nearly covered with a heavy growth of timber, except a few small dwellings near the State line and near the mouth of the river. There was also a small opening amid the heavy growth of thickets made years ago when the Govern- ment thought of locating the fort at Wyandotte instead of Leaven- worth. The mouth of the Kaw was nearly one-quarter of a mile farther east than it is now, owing to the washing away of the Missouri River. The ground was well looked over, and the scouts returned to their friends on the Missouri side the nest night and made arrange- ments to form a town company, the members of which were J. P. Root, T. B. Eldridge, S. W. Eldridge, W. Y. Roberts, Thomas H. Swope, Robert Morrow, Daniel Killen, Gaius Jenkins, John McAlpine and James M. Winchell. Messrs. Roberts, McAlpine, Swope and Jenkins were appointed a committee to go to Wyandotte and see what could be done toward inducing certain former members of the nation to join the company. The members of the town organization on the Missouri side waited some days for the committee to report; became uneasy and came to investigate; discovered that their agents had formed a company with Isaiah Walker, Joel Walker and Silas Arm- strong, among the most influential members of the former Wyandotte nation, who were owners of the site. There was naturally some high talk between the two town companies, but a compromise was effected, according to Dr. Root, by which there was to be an equal division of profits. To avoid a long explanation, however, it is generally stated that the town company consisted of these four white men and the three Wyandotte Indians. In March, 1857, the town site was surveyed by John H. Millar, of Girard, Penn. , who, upon his maps, makes the following statement: '"The present city company is formed of seven original stockholders, three of whom are Wyandottes. They purchased the lands forming the town site from the Wyandotte owners, who are to receive patents for these lands as soon as they can be issued. The Government commissioners completed the assignment to these Wyan- dottes on the town site, early in February, 1857." The following is the survey of the boundary lines of the site of the town as surveyed by Mr. Millar: Commencing at the northeast corner of the northwest quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 3, Township 11 south. Range 25 east; thence west 60 poles to a post i fy iLh. from which a walnut, 7 inches in diameter, bears north 31 i°, west 22 feet; also another walnut, 7 inches in diameter, bears south 71°, west 35 feet; thence south 124 poles to a post from which a lynn 22 inches in diameter bears north 23f °, west 94 feet; thence west 53|^ poles to a post from which a hackberry, 18 inches in diameter, bears south 2'J|^°, east 35 feet distant; thence south 36 poles to a post, from which a white oak 20 inches in diameter bears north 65°, east 16 feet; thence west 46|^ poles to a post, from which an elm, 28 inches in diameter, bears north 30| east, 33 J east; thence north 80 poles to a post from which a lynn, 14 inches in diameter, bears north 56 ' , east 7 feet; thence west 14 poles, from which a black oak, 12 inches in diameter, bears south 58|°, east 15J feet; thence north 80 poles to a post from which a walnut, 18 inches in diameter, bears north 25|°, east 10 feet; thence west along the quarter-section line for a distance of 210 poles to a post from which a hickory, 13 inches in diameter, bears south 9| \ west 34 feet; thence south 80 poles to a post; thence west 23 J poles to a post; thence south 42 poles; thence west 66§ poles to a post; thence south 38 poles to a post, being the southwest corner of the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter of Section 4, Township 11 south, Range 25 east, from which corner a white oak, 20 inches in diameter, bears north 75J°, east 26 feet; also another white oak, 22 inches in diameter, bears south 5|°, west 38 feet; thence continuing on south 102 poles 9 links to a post: thence east 30 poles and 3 links to a post; thence south 7 poles and 12 links to a post 3i feet west of the north- east corner of Tauromee and Twelfth Streets; thence east 3 poles and 8 links to a post; thence south 4 poles and 21 links to a post; thence east 46 poles and 4 links to a post; thence south 7 poles and 14 links to a post; thence east 79 poles and 15 links, to a post, from which a lynn, 15 inches in diameter, bears north 67 J°, west 63 feet; also another lynn, 15 inches in diameter, bears north 52i°, east 72 feet; thence north 78 poles and 4 links to a post; thence east 64 poles and 10 links, to a post; thence north 41J poles to the center line of Kansas Avenue; thence east 80 poles and 19 links to a post on the center line of Kan- sas Avenue, and also on the west line of Seventh Street, said post being 78^ feet south of and 220 jiu west of the northeast corner of the northwest quarter of Section 10, Town 11 south. Range 25, east; thence south 145?j poles to a post; thence east 12 poles 21^ links to a post; thence north 70 poles to a post, from which a walnut, 5 inches in diameter, bears south 4^°, east 16 feet; also a white oak, 15 inches in diameter, bears south 87°, east 77 feet; also a walnut, 3 inches in diame- WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 357 ter, bears north 51 , west 25 feet; said corner being the northwest corner of the southeast quarter of the northwest quarter of Section 10, town and range aforesaid; thence east -16 1 poles to a post, from which a white oak, 16 inches in diameter, hears south 44°, west 35^ feet; thence north 18 poles to a post, from which a jack oak, 28 inches in diameter, bears north 2^. east 91 feet distant; thence east io^ poles to a post, from which a jack oak, 26 inches in diameter, bears north 70^°, west 83 feet; thence south 18 poles to a post from which a lynn, 22 inches in diameter, bears north 1°, east 126 J feet; thence oast 22 poles to a post, from which a white oak, 10 inches in diameter, bears south 66 |" , west 24 feet; thence south 38 poles to a post, from which a walnut, 4 inches in diameter, bears north 67|^" , east 92 feet; thence east 16 poles to the southwest corner of ''Armstrong's saw-mill lot;" thence north 26 poles and 3 links to the northwest corner of said saw-mill lot, said corner being SO feet east of the northeast corner of Block No. 156. and 80 feet south of the southwest corner of Block No. 154; thence east 25 poles and 18 links to the western boundary of the Ferry tract; thence north 30", east 72 poles and 2 links to the northwest corner of said Ferry tract; thence east to the left bank of Kansas River; thence down said Kansas River with the meanders thereof to its junction with the Missouri; thence up said Missouri River with the meanders thereof to a point due east of the beginaing; thence west to the begin- ning, containing 653i3dS(j^ acres. If the reader will draft these lines upon paper, he will see that the tract of laud covered by the original town was a very irregular one. This was occasioned by the refusal of certain land owners to sell to the town company. The streets and alleys were laid out to run north and south and east and west, excepting Ferry, which was given an angle of 30 degrees east of north; the highways running north and south were called streets and were numbered successively from east to west, and those running east and west were called avenues, a local name be- ing given to each. Afterward, when the county was organized, the original plat of the town was tiled for record, and recorded September 28. 1859. When the town was laid out, the greater portion of its site was covered with a dense growth of timber. Upon the organiza- tion of the town company, Silas Armstrong became president; W. Y. Roberts, secretary; Isaiah Walker, treasurer, and John McAlpine, trustee, to receive conveyances of the lands bought, and on sale of lots, to convey to purchasers. There were about 400 shares, ten lots to the share. Sales began in March, 1857, when the survey had been :^ 358 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. completed, and brought $500 a share. There were laid out four ave- uue.s, each 100 feet wide, rauning from the Missouri River two miles west through the heart of the city. These were to be the great thorough- fares of commerce. Of public grounds, there were the levee, extend ing from the northern boundary of the " Ferry Tract " to the north- ern boundary of the town, and from the front lots to the river. " Oak- land Park " was bounded by Washington Avenue on the north, Elev- enth Street on the west, Kansas Avenue on the south and Tenth Street on the east — 650x028 feet. The rush of immigration to the new town was immense, and almost instantaneous. Houses could not be built fast enough to shelter the comers; carpenters readily obtained $5 a day in gold; lumber was in hot demand; saw mills went up as if by magic. Collins and Rogers built at the foot of the bluffs, north of Judge Walker's; Armstrong & Overton had a mill in Wyandotte City. Strangers from all parts of the country, and some from Europe, were here to invest their money, many of them purely for speculative pur- poses. Goods were piled up on the levee and people lived in tents until they could get houses erected. Shares of the company sold so rapidly at 1500 that they were advanced to S750,when about "200 of them had al- ready been sold. The avenues were graded as far west from the levee as Fourth Street; Second, Third and Fourth Streets were also graded, after selling a short time at $750, the shares were advanced to §1,000 apiece. The prospect now was that the entire town site would be bought out of the company's hands, and the balance of the shares were accordingly withdrawn from the market. Delay in making con- veyances to the swarm of settlers, who almost threatend the very ex- istence of the town company, caused much hard feeling and positive threats of violence against the members; but the matter was finally readjusted. Roads were now being laid out from Wyandotte in all directions; but the year 1857 may be considered her season of greatest business activity. The bulk of her trade was then transacted on Ne- braska and Washington Avenues, east of Fourth Street. Besides the quite extensive array of business houses, two newspapers were being published, to advertise the town — the Telegraph, by M. W. Delahay, and the Democrat by Mr. Abbott. The physicians were represented liy J. C.Bennett, F. Speck, J. Speck and J. P. Root; the attorneys by Bartlett & Glick, Davis & Post, J. W. Johnson, B. Gray and D. B. Hadley. At this time the population of Wyandotte was about 400, and the in- habitants were wild with enthusiasm, and almost splitting with (not suppressed) laughter at the attempt of Gov. Robinson and his Free- WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 359 State friends to found the town of Quindaro, four miles above. But a short time thereafter their despised rival gave them good reason to fear that their laughter would have to be turned to tears. Early in the spring of 1857 John McAlpine built a large ware- house on the levee between Washington and Nebraska Avenues, and carried on an extensive forwarding and commission business. The upper story of this warehouse served as a town hall up to the time Dunning erected the one on Fourth Street. The levee at that time extended fully as far out as the sandbar in front of the city. The frame building on the corner of Third and Nebraska, Hains' shoe shop, the old council house, McAlpine' s cottages (built in the rear of what has since been known as Frederick Kramer's bakery), the old Mansion House on Nebraska Avenue, and four other buildings con- sumed by fire early in 1866, Capt. I. N. White's tin shop, on the corner of Third and Nebraska, the Garno House, and a host of other buildings, sprang into existence during the summer. In order to ac- commodate the immigration during the spring and summer of 1857, the Eldridges opened a hotel in Silas Armstrong's residence, and Col. F. A. Hunt purchased the "St. Paul," an old Missouri River steam- boat, anchored it at the foot of Washington Avenue, and fitted it up for a hotel and warehouse. As has been stated Isaiah Walker opened the first store in Wyandotte, while it was an Indian village. He was joined in August, 1856, by Thomas J. Barker, and the name of the firm became Walker & Barker. The next stores were opened by James Chestnut, and the firm of Parr, Boyd & Co. In 1857 Joseph Rosen- wall and Lepman Myers opened stores, and about 1858, the firm of Zeitz & Busche established their store. Other merchants then fol- lowed in siTch rapid succession that it is not practicable to name them. In 1857 the ferry across the Kaw or Kansas River was at a point near the present cable line bridge. It consisted of a flat boat, which was propelled by means of a rope stretched across the river. In proof of the great amount of travel and transportation across the river to the newly laid out city, is the fact that the receipts of tolls at this ferry, for the single year of 1857, amounted to 17,000, and the charges for crossing on the ferry were not exorbitant, but reasonable. The popu- lation of Wyandotte during its first two or three years of existence was composed of representatives from nearly every State in the Union, and from nearly all nationalities of the globe, and the result was a great laxity in morals. At this time, 1857, there was but one voting precinct north of the > "V ' 3H0 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Kansas Eivei-, in the present Wyandotte County. The election for delegates to Congress and for county officers was held in the McAl- piue cottages on Third Street, on October 5. A squad of soldiers was stationed at the polls to protect the voters and preserve the peace and dignity of the Territory of Kansas. Each voter climbed into the build - ing through a window at the west end, announced his vote to the judges, passed through the room, and jumped off a high porch at the rear of the cottage. This election was held under the "bogus laws." Early in 1857 Mr. Dickenson was employed by the Wyandotte Company to build a lirst-class wagon road from the town of Wyandotte to Lawrence, on the north side of Kansas River. He performed his work satisfactorily, Quindaro buildiog most of the bridges. At the same time a road was constructed from Quindaro to intersect the Wyandotte and Lawrence road at a point a few miles west. This road to Lawrence followed the dividing ridge between the Missouri and Kansas Rivers as far west as Wyandotte County now extends, passing by or near Pratt's Mission. It was a very good road, and it was perfectly easy to drive over it on a trot from the levee at Wyan- dotte to Lawrence. A Concord coach, drawn by four horses, left A\'yandotte and Quindaro in the morning and at noon of each day. This road, and also the Quindaro branch, ran in direction of the objective point without any regard to section lines, and was mostly through the Delaware reservation. As the countr\' became settled and improved, it was closed at various points and changed to the section lines, so that now it is almost wholly obliterated fi-om the original line. Sub- sequently Quindaro, as a last effort to control the trade from the W' est, secured a bill from the Legislature appointing commissioners to lay out a road running west from that town. These commissioners were Hon. W. A. Phillips, since a member of CoDgress; Hon. O. B. Gunn, now of Kansas City, Mo., and Charles Chadwick, then a resident of Quindaro. This commission laid out the new road on an air-line west of the landing at Quindaro on the Missouri River, regardless of the topography of the country, and thus was commenced a system of roads in direct lines, which tended to destroy the old diagonal roads. Also in 1857 Wyandotte, in order to secure the trade from the country south of the Kansas River, and to prevent it from going to Westport and Kansas City, Mo., constructed a road to Shawnee, in Johnson County. A ferry was established across the Kansas River on this road a few rods below the present Argentine bridge. Quindaro. the then rival of Wyandotte, looked out for the same trade, and ac- rnr >> cordingly built a road south from that place, and ero-sed the Kansas River on a ferry about a mile above the Wyandotte ferry, and inter- sected the Wyandotte and Shawnee road at a point some distance south of the river. In 1858 a bridge company was organized at Wyandotte with Dan- iel Killen, superintendent; Thomas J. Barker, treasurer, and J. W. H. Watson, secretary. The same year this company built the first bridge across the Kansas River, it being located on the Wyandotte and Shaw- nee road. It was built on piles, and was all made of native timbers. The contract for the Iiuilding of the bridge was let to Jones, Kidney & Co., for about l'28,()O0. The money was raised by subscription. As Wyandotte continued to grow and jirosper, she succeeded in drawim^ a portion of the trade from the south side of the river, and perhaps Quindaro drew a small portion of that trade while she existed, but notwithstanding all efforts to draw the trade north of the river, the people on the south side could go to Westport and Kansas City, Mo., withoiat crossing any river, and consequently the latter city has event- ually absorbed the most of that patronage. The old ferry across the Kansas River, near the present cable-line bridge, continued to be used until 1863, when a pontoon bridge was placed across the river near its mouth. This latter bridge was in use when Gen. Price, with his Confederate army, invaded Missouri in 1864. It was probably more of a war measure than of a local con- venience, and being only a temporary thing it was not long continued. In the spring of 1858 that dreadful disease, erysipelas, made its appearance among the people of Wyandotte and vicinity, and in many cases proved fatal, the number of deaths being somewhat large. But, notwithstanding the disasters and disadvantages incident to most newly- settled countries, which the people had to endure, the town continued to improve and prosper. The following item of history pertaining to Wyandotte is taken from the Andreas History: "The meeting of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention, which took place at Constitutional Hall, Wyandotte, July 5, 1859, is more a State event than one of local in- terest, and is treated as such in its proper place. Suffice it to say, however, that the present constitution of the State was adopted on the 29th of that month, and, locally treated, the subject will be disposed of by an extract from an article by William A. Phillips, who, thus describes the place of meeting: ' The lower floor of the block where it was held was mostly unoccupied: that block now exists no longer. 23 I I —r I W 1 It sufFered from too great economy in brick and mortar: the water from the blufP was permitted to undermine its foundation. Like an- other building named in Holy Writ, it ultimately fell, and great was the fall thereof. In the second story, during the session of the con- vention, wag a saloon. In the center of the large, unplastered room, on one side, a bar was hastily improvised. A broad plank, resting upon a couple of emjjty barrels, constituted the counter. Behind was a narrow plank or shelf, resting on two other barrels, evidently not empty, at least a faucet was inserted in each near the base. On the top of each barrel was a small blue keg, each of which had another faucet. Scattered along this shelf were decanters and long-necked, dark-complexioned bottles. On one end of the shelf was an open box of raisins, perched longitudinally, and with a few boxes of cigars, a piece of cheese, a box of crackers, and a box of plug tobacco, consti- tuted the saloon. A few tumblers and lemons, with a 'bowl of sugar, lemon-sqiieezer, and a flaring tin cup, in which to shake up punches, completed the outfit. The floor was covered with sawdust to avoid an- noyance to the solons above, and also to absorb rejected quids of to- bacco. The fine arts were represented by a picture of the ' Bird of America ' cut from an old hand-bill and tacked to the wall. Over all presided the smiling and genial Boggs. Another flight of stairs car ried you into the room where the solons were at work. It was about twenty-five feet wide and eighty long. It was not plastered, but ex- tended from front to rear of block. There were three windows in front and three in rear. It was ten feet high. The roof was of com- position, called patent. The president's seat was on the south side of the room, near the center; it was on a raised platform; seats, tables and desks were provided by the citizens of Wyandotte for members, clerks and reporters. An oificial look was procured by tacking on black muslin. There was also a railing, to either keep spectators out or hold the members in. The ' flag of our country ' was draped on the wall in the rear of the president's chair.' " The first post-otfice was opened in the spring of 1857, by Thomas J. Barker, in the old court-house building on Nebraska Avenue, where he and Isaiah Walker were keeping store. He brought the mail from Kansas City, Mo. , on horseback. William Chick, of the banking firm of Northrup & Chick, maintained the service in that city for the first year at his own expense. The Wyaudottes were great readers, as a rule, and it was as much to accommodate them, as for any other reason, that the post-oflSce in Kansas City was established. In 1863 Mr. A WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 363 Barker was succeeded as postmaster by R. B. Taylor, who held the office three years. E. T. Vedder, who followed him in 18()6, remained Init a short time, being succeeded by A. D. Downs, who remained until 1881, when George B. Eeicheneeker was appointed and held the office until 1885. He was succeeded by V. J. Lane, who held the office until he was succeeded in 1889 by O. K. Serviss, the present incumbent. Of the seven members composing the Wyandotte City Company, only one is now living, and that one is Thomas H. Swope, who lives in Kansas City, Mo. Joel Walker died at Leavenworth, in the sum- mer of 1857, the same year the town was laid out. Gains Jenkins was shot by Gen. Lane, at Lawrence, in the summer of 1858. Silas Arm- strong died in December, 1895, at Wyandotte, and his remains lie entombed in the Huron Place Cemetery. John McAlpine was killed by the cars in Pittsburg. W. Y. Roberts died in Lawrence, and more recently, Isaiah Walker died in the Indian Territory. The town of Wyandotte was tirst incorporated by the following order of court: "Be it known that on this 8th day of June, A. D., 1858, in open court came Charles S. Glick and presented the petition of B. Gray, A. B. Bartlett, Daniel Killen and other resident taxpayers of the fol- lowing described territory, the same being in the township of Wyan- dotte, in the county of Leavenworth and Territory of Kansas, to wit: Commencing on the eastern boundary of the Territory of Kansas, where the same is intersected by the second standard parallel ; thence west on said parallel line to the northwest corner of Section four (4), Township eleven (11), Range twenty-five (25); thence south to the southwest corner of Section nine (U), township and range above said; thence east to the middle of the Kansas River; thence by the middle of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers to the place of beginning; asking that they be incorporated by the name and style of ' The Inhabitants of the Town of Wyandotte,' within the above metes and bounds, and that they may have a local government established therein. And the court being fully satisfied that said petition is subscribed by two- thirds of the resident tax-payers and voters therein, does hereby make and incorporate the petitioners and all others residing in said described territory, as a body corporate, under the name and style of ' The In- habitants of the Town of Wyandotte,' of the above metes and bounds, and does hereby appoint as trustees thereof, William McKay, George Russell, Daniel Killen, Charles S. Glick and William F. Simpson, and rV *-^ r does hereby order said persons so appointed to be duly commissioned by the clerk of this court. All of which is accordingly done. ''G. W. Gardner, (/itdgie." Territory of Kansas, ) CoDNTY OF Leavenworth, \ I, Henry C Field, clerk of said court, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the record of proceedings of said court, 3d day of June term, A. D. 1858, held at the city of Leavenworth. [l. s.] Witness my hand and the seal of said court, this 9th day of June, A. D. 1858. Henry C. Fields, Clerk. Filed in office of town clerk, June 14, 1858. RuFus Hall, Deputy Clerk. The first meeting of the board of trustees of " The Inhabitants of the Town of Wyandotte," was held June 12, 1858, when all were present and subscribed to the following oath, and were sworn into office by William L. McMath, justice of the peace: County of Leavenworth, ) Territory of Kansas, j William McKay, George Russell, Daniel Killen, William F. Simp son and Charles S. Glick, hereby duly sworn say, that they will sup- port the Constitution of the United States and the act to organize the Territory of Kansas, and faithfully demean themselves in office as trustees of " The Inhabitants of the Town of Wyandotte." (Signed) William McKay, Charles S. Glick, George Russell, William F. Simpson, Daniel Killen. Sworn to before me this 12th day of June, A. D. 1858. William S. McMath, Justice of the Peace. The board of trustees formally organized by electing William Mc- Kay, chairman; Joseph \V. H. Watson, clerk: Charles W. Patterson, assessor; Walter N. Canfield, collector, and Samuel E. Forsythe, con- stable. These then were the first corporate officers of Wyandotte. The town was incorporated as a city, January 29, 1859, and the first city election was held in February of that year. The population was then 1,259. When Wyandotte became a city, the town was $1,500 in debt, which was assumed by the new municipality. The following is a complete roster of the corporate officers of Wyan- ^ € r~ -""s 8 \ dotte, from the time it was first incorporated uatil it became a part of the consolidated city of Kansas City, Kas. 1858— The Inhabitants of the Town of Wyandotte: Trustees, William McKay, George Russell, Daniel Killen, Charles S. Glick, William F. Simpson. 18Dy— City of Wyandotte: Mayor, James R. Parr; aldermen, W. P. Overton, I. N. White, B. Judd, D. Killen, Isaiah Walker and H. McDowell; clerk, E. T. Vedder; assessor, David Kirkbride; treasurer, J. H. Harris; attorney, W. L. McMath; marshal, N. A. Kirk; engi- neer, W. Miller; street commissioner, H. Burgard. 1860— Mayor, George Russell; aldermen, Joseph Speck, Philip Hescher, A. D. Downs, B. Washington, S. A. Bartlett, C. R. Stucks- lager; clerk, T. J. Darling; assessor, J. W. Dyer; treasurer, C. H. Van Fossen; attorney, S. A. Cobb; marshal, H. H. Sawyer; street com- missioner, David Leavitt; engineer, W. Miller. 18(51 — Mayor, George Russell; aldermen, Jacob Kerstetter, E. L. Busche, James Sommerville. C. R. Stuckslager, O. S. Bartlett, C. Schneider; clerk, Francis House; assessor, W. Hood; treasurer, I. D. Heath; attorney, S. A. Cobb; marshal, P. S. Ferguson; street commissioner, W. Curran; engineer, Gustavus Zeitz. 1862— Mayor, S. A. Cobb; aldermen, Jacob Kerstetter, Robert Halford, J. P. Hanrion, N. A. Reinecher, W. H. Sehofield, J. M. Funk; clerk, W. B. Bowman; marshal, P. S. Ferguson; assessor, W. Hood; attorney, J. S. Stockton; treasurer, I. D. Heath; street com- missioner, G. Knipfer; engineer, Horatio Waldo. 1863— Mayor, J. M. Funk; aldermen, Matthias Splitlog, W. P. Holcomb, J. P. Hanrion, B. Washington, J. Grindle, R. Chalk; clerk, W. B. Bowman; treasurer, I. D. Heath; attorney, J. S. Stockton; assessor, Hance; street commissioner, G. Knipfer; Marshal, P. S. Ferguson. 1864— Mayor. J. M. Funk; aldermen, W. Cook, E. L. Busche, Fred Weber, R. Chalk, I. Moore, A. S. Cobb; clerk, W. B. Bowman; treasurer, W. P. Holcomb; attorney, W. B. Bowman; assessor, Joseph Hanford; marshal, Matthew Clary; engineer, W. Miller. 1865— Mayor, I. B. Sharp; aldermen, W. Cook, J. R. Parr, J. M. Chrysler, E. T. Hovey, Daniel Cable, J. J. Hughes; clerk, W. B. Bowman; marshal, John Bolton; attorney, C. S. Glick; treasurer, W. P. Holcomb; assessor, Joseph Hanford; street commissioner, W. Bucher; engineer, J. A. J. Chapman. 1866— Mayor, I. B. Sharp; aldermen, W. Cook, R. Anderson, C. ;fv" tii. 36G HISTORY OF KANSAS. Hains, D. Cable, B. Washington, N. A. Kirk; clerk, A. J. Cruise; attorney, C. S. Glick; marshal, M. Clary; assessor, Joseph Hanford; engineer, J. A. J. Chapman; street commissioner, G. A. Schreiner. 1867 — Mayor, J. McGrew; aldermen, G. P. Nelson, H. West, J. H. Harris, B. Washington, Joab Toney, P. Lugibihl; clerk, J. A. Cruise; attorney, J. B. Scroggs; engineer, S. Parsons; treasurer, N. McAlpine; marshal, J. Lecompt; street commissioner. G. A. Schreiner; assessor, E. F. Heisler. 1868- -Mayor, S. A. Cobb; councilmen, J. Hennessy, A. Jost, H. Grautman, R. E. Cable, J. Townsend; police judge, J. M. Funk; marshal. Thomas Redtield; attorney, F. B. Anderson; treasurer, Byron Judd: clerk, A. J. Cruise; engineer, C. Pinney; assessor, E. F. Heis- ler; street commissioner, John Hosp. 1S69 — Mayor, Byron Judd; aldermen, F. Castring, O. K. Serviss, J. Hennessy, R. E. Cable, N. Kearney, P. Knoblock; police judge, W. B. Bowman; marshal. H. C. Johnson; assessor, E. F. Heisler; clerk, J. A. Cruise; attorney, F. B. Anderson; street commissioner. T. Pur- till; engineer, J. McGee; treasurer, J. C. Welsh. 1870 — Mayor, J. S. Stockton; councilmen, F. Bell. J. Bolton, R. E. Cable, F. Castring, P. Knoblock, O. K. Serviss; police judge, W. B. Bowman; marshal, H. C. Johnson; assessor, E. F. Heisler; clerk, H. L. Alden; engineer, S. Parsons; street commissiouer, John Hosp: attorney, H. W. Cook. 1871 — Mayor, J. S. Stockton; councilmen, Frank Bell, John Bol- ton, Peter Connelly, H. C. Johnson, N. Kearney, P. Knoblock; treas- urer, O. K. Serviss; police judge, W. B. Bowman; marshal, H. T. Harris; attorney, E. L. Bartlett; clerk, H. L. Alden; engineer, Fran- cis House; assessor, G. P. Nelson; street commissioner, S. Balmer. 1872 — Mayor, J. S. Stockton; councilmen, D. W. Batchelder, P. Connelly, E. M. Dyer, C. C. Gerhardt, A. Jost, D. W. McCabe, Jacob Meunzenmayer, M. W. Phillips; police judge, W. B. Bowman; mar- shal, H. T. Harris; treasurer, O. K. Serviss; clerk, William Albright; attorney, W. J. Buchan; engineer, Francis House; assessor, G. P. Nelson. 1873 — Mayor, James McGrew; councilmen, D. W. Batchelder, W. Cook, B. Grafton. James Hennessy, E. T. Hovey, J. C. Ives, A. Jost, L. Schleifer; police judge, M. B. Newman; treasurer. O. K. Serviss; clerk, William Albright; marshal, H. T. Harris; engineer, Francis House; assessor, J. J. Keplinger; street commissioner, W. B. Gar- lick; attorney, W. J. Buchan. i "V WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 367 1874 — Mayor, G. B. Wood; conncilmen, R. E. Cable, W. Cook, N. McAlpine, F. W. Meyer, J. Eeid, W. H. Ryus, Louis Schleifer, F. Speck; police judge, M. B. Newman; treasurer, O. K. Serviss; clerk, W. Albright; engineer, F. House; street commissioner, J. P. Faber; assessor, J. J. Keplinger; marshal, H. T. Harris; attorney, W. J. Buchan. 1875 — Mayor, C. Hains; councilmen, Russell Burdette, R. E. Cable, G. Grubel, F. AV. Meyer, J. Reid, T. B. Roberts, L. Schleifer, F. Speck; police judge, M. B. Newman; marshal, H. T. Harris; attorney, W. J. Buchan; treasurer, J. C. Stout; clerk, W. Albright; assessor, G. W. Bishop; engineer, F. House; street commissioner, J. P. Taber. 1876 — Mayor, C. Hains; councilmen, C. Anderson, Russell Bur- dette, H. E. Chadborn, J. L. Conklin, G. Greubel, J. Hanford, H. C. Long, M. M. Stover; police judge, M. B. Newman; marshal, M. Col- lins: clerk, W. Albright; treasurer, J. W. Wahlenmaier; assessor, G. W. Bishop; engineer, F. House; street commissioner, F. Kramer; attorney, F. B. Anderson. 1877 — Mayor, F. Speck; marshal, Mike Collins: police judge, R. E. Cable; treasurer, J. W. Wahlenmaier; treasurer board of educa- tion, Perley Pike; attorney, F. B. Anderson; councilmen, L. Cook, Dan Williams, R. Burdette, J. C. Welsh; board of education, R. Halford. J. P. Dennison, J. H. Gadd, A. M. Moyer. 1878 — Mayor, Fred Speck; marshal, Michael Collins; treasurer, O. K. Serviss; treasurer board of education, Perley Pike; attorney, F. B. Anderson; councilmen, John E. Zeitz, M. M. Stover, J. Le- compt, James S. Bell; board of education, C. Crothers, W. R. Chap- man, James Furgason, H. C. Darby. 1879 — Mayor, J. S. Stockton; treasurer, Chris. Beruhard; police judge, R. E. Cable; attorney, J. A. Hale; treasurer board of educa- tion, Chris Bernhard; councilmen, Lawson Cook, J. W. Wahlenmaier Dan Williams, V. S. Lucas, John Burk; board of education, J. L. Conklin, P. H. Knoblock, James S. Gibson, G. W. Bishop. 1880 — Mayor, J. S. Stockton; marshal, H. T. Harris; council - men. Louis Burnett, Daniel Williams, D. E. Cornell, James S. Bell; board of education, H. C. Darby, W. R. Chapman, James Furgason, C. Anderson: attorney, J. A. Hale; police judge, R. E. Cable; treas- urer, Chris Bernhard. 1881 — Mayor, R. E. Cable; marshal, V. S. Lucas; police judge, F. B. Anderson; treasurer, Chris Bernhard; attorney, Henry McGrew ; V ^^=^ ^=Sjl councilmen, Louis Burnett, Peter Lugibihle, T. B. Roberts, D. E. Cornell, James S. Bell, Daniel "Williams, J. C. Stout, George A. Dudley ; board of education, Emile Kreiser, H. C Darby, P. H. Knob- lock, W. R. Chapman, C. D. Schrader, W. C. Lyman, C. Anderson. 1882-83— Mayor, R. E. Cable; clerk, Ed. H. Sager; treasurer, C. Bernhard; police judge, T. B. Anderson; attorney, Henry Mc- Grew; engineer, Walter Hale; street commissioner, Thomas McCau- ley; marshal, H. T. Harris; councilmen, John B. Scroggs, E. A. Web- ster, D. E. Cornell, Charles Hains, George A. Dudley, Thomas H. Roberts, Charles Wilson, J. C. Beddington, James Brennan, D. Al- bert, Peter Lugibihle and J. C. Stout. 1883-85— Mayor, D. E. Cornell; clerk, H. E. Chadborn; attor- ney, Henry McGrew; treasurer, Louis Burnett; engineer, R. E. Ela; street commissioner, W. H. Brown; police judge, George W. Betts; marshal, O. K. Serviss. 1883-84 — Councilmen, John E. Zeitz, Thomas Sehultz, James Brennan, Henry Horstman, J. C. Boddington, Charles Hains, George A. Dudley, T. C. Foster, J. B. Scroggs, E. A. Webster, Charles Wil- son, W. A. Eldridge. 1884-85 — Councilmen, W. P. Overton, J. J. Hannan, M. B. Has- kell, Frank Mapes, C. D. Montanye, William Clow, J. C. Boddington, Charles Dudley, Thomas C. Foster, Henry Horstman, Joseph Leaf, Theodore Sehultz. 1885-86 — Mayor, J. C. Martin; clerk, John Warren; treasurer, F. S. Merstetter; attorney, R. P. Clark; engineer, Everett Walker; street commissioner, N. J. Abbott; police judge, J. D. Green; mar- shal, O. K. Serviss. CouQcilmen, W. P. Overton, Joseph Leaf, James Wheeler, E. A. Webster, M. B. Haskell, H. F. Johnson, Frank Mapes, G. W. Bishop, C. D. Montanye, R. F. Robison, William Clow, Charles Hilton. Northrup's Addition to (or extension of) Wyandotte, lying between Kansas Avenue on the north and Barnett Street on the south, and bounded east by Seventh Street, was laid out in June, 1858, by Hiram M. Northrup. The court-house and the residence of Mr. Northrup are in this addition. Some extensions and subdivisions of Northrup's Addition have since been made. The Wyandotte City Company's Addition to Wyandotte, lying between Maria Street and Kansas Avenue, and between Fourth and Seventh Streets, was surveyed and laid out by John McAlpine, trus- tee of the company. 'f WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 369 Wood & Walker's Addition to Wyandotte, comprising the allot- ments of Clarence F. Walker and Sarah L. Walker, as set off to them in a certain action in the district court in the county of Wyandotte, for the partition of certain lands of the county, wherein Lydia B. Walker was plaintiff and Thomas G. Walker and others were defend- ants, was laid out in May, 1872, by the proprietors, Geoige B. and Annie B. Wood and Louise S. Walker. The village of Armstrong, now included within the city limits of Kansas City, Kas., was surveyed in October, 1871, by E. C. Smeed, for the Kansas Pacific Kailway Company, who laid it out in a pictur- esque style, with a public square and diagonal avenues verging there- from, and other avenues and circular streets partially surrounding the square. It was named in honor of Silas Armstrong. D. F. Voss' part . of Wyandotte City is bounded by commencing at the southeast corner of the southwest quarter of the northeast quarter of the northwest quarter of Section 10, Town 11 south, Kange 25 east; thence south 329 feet; thence east 677 feet; thence north 353 feet across the alley to the land conveyed by M. Splitlog and wife to the Catholic Church; thence west and along said church land to the southwest corner of the same; thence south 2-1: feet; thence west 108 feet to the place of beginning, containing 5iV« acres. It was laid out in August, 1872, by D. F. Voss and wife. Woodlawn Cemetery, at Wyandotte, situated on the southeast quarter of Section 33, was surveyed and laid out by the Wyandotte Cemetery Association in July, 1873. The grounds consist of an ob- long square twenty-three rods wide, east and west, by seventy-nine rods long, north and south, containing sixteen and one-half acres. In the center is Woodlawn Park, south of which is Cedar Park and ■ north of which is Elm Park. The cemetery is bounded on the west by Ninth Street, from which is the main entrance. Oak Grove Cemetery, embracing ten acres in the northeast quar- ter of the southwest quarter of Section 34, Town 10 south, Range 25 east, was laid out in September, 1873, by the City Cemetery Associa- tion, of which R. B. Taylor was then president. The Connelly Addition to Wyandotte City, lying between Fifth Street and the Kansas River, and mostly south of Barnett Street, and containing twelve blocks of various sizes, was laid out in December, 1873, by Peter Connelly, and his wife, Cornelia D. Connelly. Riverview Addition to Wyandotte City, lying in the point be- tween Fifth and Ferry Streets, was laid out by James M. Ford, the ■* — 1- i \ J^^^^ >> 370 HISTORY OF KANSAS. proprietor, in October, 1878. It contains seventeen lots, all varying in size. Tenney's Addition to Wyandotte City, bounded as follows: Com- mencing at the northeast corner of the southwest quarter of the southwest of Section 10, Township 11 south, Range 25 east; thence east 462 feet; thence south 505 feet; thence west 1,162 feet; thence north 505 feet; thence east 660 feet to the beginning, was laid out in July, 1878, by William C. Tenney. its proprietor. This addition was vacated by order of the board of county commissioners, June 17, 1879. The town of Riverview, now within the corporate limits of Kansas City, Kas. , was laid out in April, 1879, by William C. Tenney, John F. Moores, James M. Ford and Henry C. Arnold, the original pro- prietors. It contains a lake and park. Some of the streets are circu- lar, and the whole place is beautiful in appearance. It has twenty-four large blocks of irregular and various shapes, each being divided into lots also of different sizes. Whipple's Addition to Riverview was laid out in January, 1880, by A. J. Whipple, the proprietor. This addition comprises a tract near the center of Riverview Addition, which was not subdivided when that addition was surveyed. It is therefore an addition within an addition. Highland Park Addition to Armstrong was laid out in June, 1879, by Barzillai Gray and William H. Lott. It embraces ten acres off the west side of the southeast quarter of the northwest quarter of Section 15, Town 11 south. Range 25 east. Stout & Co.'s Addition to Wyandotte City, lying west of Sixth Street and astride of Orrville Street, was laid out in March, 18S0, by the original proprietors, J. C. Stout, Martha Stout, George H. Miller, Julia A. Miller and Orville D. Bnrt. Stout & Co.'s Second Addition to Wyandotte City, lying west of Sixth Street, and astride of Emerson Street, was laid out in May, 1880, by the same parties. West Riverview, lying east of Eighth Street and south of Ohio Street, was laid out in May, 1 880, by Henry Buckingham and wife, the proprietors. Smith & Keating's Addition to Wyandotte City, adjoining Sixth Street on the west and striding Barnett and Young Streets, was laid out in January, 1881, by William J. Smith and George J. Keating, the proprietors. Hammerslough's First Addition to the city of Wyandotte, embrac- i) \ k. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 371 iag the northwest quarter of the northwest quarter of the southwest quarter of Section 10, Township 11 south, Range 25 east, containing ten acres, was laid out in February, 1881, by Louis Hammerslough, proprietor. Crane's Addition to Wyandotte City, lying south of Central Avenue, and astride of Third Street, containing nine and a half acres, was laid out in March, 1881, by F. D. Crane and Adaline Crane, his wife, who were the proprietors. McAlpine"s Addition to the city of Wyandotte, lying in the south- east quarter of the southeast of Section 9, Township 11 south. Range 25 east, was laid out in May, 1883, by Nicholas McAlpiae and Maria W. McAljjine, proprietors. Many other additions to Wyandotte, too numerous to mention here, were laid out before it became a part of the consolidated city of Kan- sas City, Kas., and many additions to the latter city have since been made, and many suburban places also. One of the most noted of these is Chelsea Place, and Chelsea Park, in the northwestern part of the city, two and a half miles west and one-half mile north of the Kan- sas River, and which is easily reached from all parts of the two Kansas Cities by means of the street railways. Chelsea Park is one of the prettiest places to be found, being in a natural forest of black walnut, elm, oak and other native trees. Its surface consists of hills and ra- vines, the largest ravine being traversed by a small stream, which fur- nishes water for the artificial lake which has been made by building a dam across the ravine. The lake covers about two acres, and affords a pleasant place for boat-riding. The place is fitted up with beauti- ful drives and walks, appropriate buildings, a museum, rustic bridges, flower gardens, etc., and is much resorted to by the people generally. The following account of the history of the former city of Kansas City, Kas., is from Andreas' " History of Kansas" published in 1883: " It would be almost an impossibility to write in detail the early history of Kansas City, Kas., without treating the topics connected with the early times of the whole region, comprising the establishment of the Chouteaus at a point about three miles below Kansas City, and on the south side of the Kaw River, opposite Muncie, between 1821 and 1825, and the French settlement, or the Kawsmouth settlement, made after the flood of 1826, which washed away M. Chouteau's post- agency houses in the bottom opposite Randolph BlufTs. Again, it would be an impossibility to separate Kansas City, Kas., from Kansas City, Mo., in such a narrative, which partakes at best, much of the ^^ nature of fiction, and has been gathered from unreliable sources. Reference is made for the accounts of the Indian and French settle- ments to the general State history. The first white settler after the French traders to locate upon the present site of Kansas City, Mo., was James H. McGee, who made three entries of eighty acres each in Sections 5, 7 and 8, on November 14, 1828. The settlement of Rev. Isaac McCoy, four miles south of Kawsmouth in 1831; the establish- ment of a trading house at this point by his sou, John, during the next year; the removal of the Indians, from 1832 to 1840; the plat- ting of Westport in the meantime; the development of the great Santa Fe trade, and the founding of Kansas City, as a convenient landing place for the goods of the Indian and Santa Fe traders, and the formation of the town company in 1838, are matters which can not be separated from the history of Kansas City, Kas. , nor yet, since the city is treated here as a separate corporate body, can full details be given. A settlement was begun in 1857, on the east side of the Kansas River, in what is now Kansas City, Kas. , or, more properly, a house was planted on ground where now flows the Missouri River, just east of the mouth of the Kaw. It was built by David E. James, was a two-story frame, and stood there about ten years. This was United States land at that time, being claimed by Silas Armstrong, under the treaty between the AVyandottes and the United States, as his float. Certain leading Wyandottes had been granted a section of land each, to be located in any spot they might choose; hence the term 'float.' Willis Wills and several others squatted upon difl'erent por- tions of this land, and claimed the right to pre-empt it. But in 1858, through D. E. James, a compromise was effected, by which Silas Arm- strong released his claim to a portion of it, and the settlers released to him the balance. The log house occupied by Mr. McDowell in 1857, and several years after, may be seen to-day standing on the south side of Sixth Street, ju.st this side or west of the State line. This is the only building left of those on the Armstrong ' float,' in 1857-58. That float comprised what is now Kansas City, Kas., lying between the State line and the Missouri River. Many acres of it have been washed into the river. That year, the traveled road be- tween Kansas City, Mo., and Wyandotte ran where now is the south side of the Missouri River, at its most southerly bend; hence at low water the whole of the river runs where then was a cornfield; but since the riprapping of 1867, it wears no more. Much might be written of the early history of the Armstrong ' float, ' now known as ^!V Kansas City, Kas. Several families resided on the point from 1856 to 1800, who were regarded only as squatters. They obtained a liv- intr by various means. There was a family named Johnson here then, having a habitation where now the Missouri River runs, a few hun- dred yards northeast of the Anglo-American Packing House. This family was known to the early settlers as fishermen. The family of Edward Olivet was recognized by Armstrong as having a squatter's interest in the land, and while the towns of Kansas City, Kas., and Wyandotte were being built, Mr. Olivet was the agent of Armstrong for the sale of sand and wood to the people of either town. Mr. Henry Williams also resided out in land now claimed by the ' Big Muddy.' There was also a house full of colored people in that now imagiiiaiy place on the point. The house heretofore mentioned as the land office building was a building of twelve rooms, and had its history. Settlers of early date now reside in Kansas City who remem- ber this old house as having had the reputation of being haunted. It was said that the ghost of a Mr. Wills would on certain occasions appear in the house and make claims to the ground on which the house in which he once resided stood, as the property of his heirs. The claims of the Missouri River were pressed with such irresistible force that when the land became water, the occupation of the ghost departed. Business is now too lively in this neighborhood to permit the existence of ghosts, and that old idea is rapidly fading away. Near the State line on Sixth Street, the widow of Edward Olivet- Mrs. Sophia Olivet— now lives, the only one of the original squatters on the Armstrong ' float ' claiming a home on this tract. "The Kansas City (Kas.) Town Company was formed in 1808, by Silas .ii-mstrong, David E. James. Dr. George B. Wood, Lather H. Wood, William Weir, Thomas Ewing, Jr., T. H. Swope and N. Mc- Alpine. "The town site was situated upon parts of fractional Sections Nos. 10, 11 and 14, Town 11 south, of Range 25 east, lying north of the old bed of Turkey Creek, east of the Kansas River, south of the Mis- souri River, and bounded on the east by the State line between Mis- souri and Kansas, and comprised the following named tracts, viz. : Two tracts of land belonging to George B. Wood; two tracts of land belonging to D. E. James; one tract belonging jointly to George B. Wood and N. McAlpine, and the piece of land lying between the lands of Thomas Ewing on the south and lands of D. E. James on the north, between Armstrong Street and Kansas River. The site was surveyed f=^ \ ^'^—^ ±^=^ 374 HISTOEY OF KANSAS.- by John McGee, civil engineer, April 24, 1S69, and recorded with the register of deeds of Wyandotte County May 3, 1869. "The streets were named after the original proprietors of the town. Mr. James erected the first dwelling-house of any prominence in 1870, at the south end of James Street, near the railroad tracks. Soon fol- lowed the establishment of the large packinghouses and stock yards, whose business forms the biilk of the city's trade." Some of the streets were made eighty and some sixty feet wide. James Street, and all streets running parallel with it, has a direction bearing north 2S° and 10' west— the variation of the needle being 11 ' east when the survey was made. The streets, excepting the one under a portion of the elevated railroad, cross at right angles. The original plat of the city was acknowledged by the proprietors, George B. Wood, Anna B. Wood, D. E. James, Nicholas McAlpine and Maria McAl- pine. The leading business of this part of the consolidated city of Kansas City, Kas. , is given elsewhere in this work. In the fall of 1869 the estate of Silas Armstrong, deceased, lying within the corporate limits of the former Kansas City, Kas., was sur- veyed, and laid out into blocks, lots, streets and alleys, so as to con- form to the survey of the former city, by A. B. Bartlett and Silas Armstrong, Jr., administrators of the estate of the decedent. Some other additions have also been made to the former city of Kansas City. In October, 1872, Kansas City, Kas., was incorporated, and the first city election was held October 22, 1872, by order of Judge Hiram Stevens of the Tenth Judicial District, and resulted in the election of the following city officers: Mayor, James Boyle; councilmen, S. W. Day, Charles H. Jones, John McKnight, George Forschler and James Lundell; police judge, James Kennedy; city clerk, Cornelius Cushin; treasurer, Samuel Mc- Connell ; city attorney, H. L. Alden. The mayors of the city from its incorporation up to Ai)ril, 1881, were James Boyle, C. A. Eidemiller, A. S. Orbison and Eli Teed. In June, 1881, the governor of Kansas proclaimed the city of Kansas City a city of the second class, and from April, 1881, until it became a part of the consolidated city in 1886, the mayors serving were as follows: Samuel McConnell, from April, 1881, to April, 1883; R. W. Hilliker, from April, 1883, to April, 1885; James Phillips, from April, 1885, to April, 1886. Armourdale, embracing a part of the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 15, and part of the northwest quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 22, all in Township 11 south, Range 25 ^ & ^ -*-pf — •'rr*- WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 375 east, and bein^^ on the north bank of Kansas River, about one and a half miles above its mouth, was laid out in June, 1880, by the Kaw Valley Town Site & Bridge Company, composed of Boston capitalists, and of which Charles V. Adams, Jr. , was president, and John Q. Adams, Charles Merriam, Nathaniel Thayer, H. H. Hunnevvell and John A. Burnham were members. At this time the company owned a large amount of land adjoining the original town site, some of which has since been laid out in additions, and some occupied for manufacturing purposes. The first addition to Armourdale, extending from Fourth to Tenth Streets, was surveyed and laid out in June, 1881, by the same town company. The city was incorporated in the spring of 1882, and the first city election was held May 5. The oificers were: Mayor, Frank W. Patterson; councilmen, Nehemiah Sherrick, Daniel Herbert, E. W. Anderson, S. Snyder and Joseph Bradley; police judge, John C. Foore; marshal, William Boss; city clerk, Granville Patterson. The mayors of the city from the time it was incorporated until it became a part of the consolidated city were, Frank W. Patterson, from May, 1882, to April, 1884; George W. Parsons, from April, 1884, to April, 1885, and Jacob Barney, from April, 1885, to April, 1886. Early in the spring of 1882, the old school district, in which a school had been maintained for over twenty years, was divided, and that portion of the school district containing the school-house was set over to South Wyandotte. In May the Armourdale District No. 9, voted bonds for a .$9,000 school-house, which was completed on Oc- tober 5. The ofiicers of the school board were N. Sherrick, president ; E. Sheldon, secretary, and F. W. Dryer, treasurer. A colored school was opened in the old wooden school building in the west end of the town. In the six years of the existence of Armourdale, that is from the time the town site was surveyed until it became a part of the con- solidated city, it had acquired a population of 1,582. Presbyterian services have been held here several years, but it was not until April 15, 1882, that the Central Presbyterian Church was organized. The society immediately commenced building a house of worship, which is located on the corner of Wyandotte Avenue and Eleventh Street. It was completed in June, at a cost of $1,800. The city of Armourdale was named from the Armours, bankers and pork packers. It gives promise of being the center of still greater manufacturing interests, and many new establishments have bought ground here and propose to establish extensive works thereon. •FIs — ^ •lA 376 HISTOEY OP KANSAS. la Maj', 1857, Judge M. W. Delahay began the publication of the Wyandotte City Register, which was the first paper published in the city. The tirst number was issued in a tent on the corner of Nebraska Avenue and Third Street. Delahay sold to Eddy & Patton. It fjaally passed into the hands of Mr. Abbot, who changed its name to the Citizen, and published it but a few months. It was succeeded by the Western Argus, which was printed on the same material and published by the Western Argus Company, J. E. Bennet, editor, and P. Sidney Post, commercial editor. The first number of the Argus was issued March 'Jo, 1858, and was continued till March 9, 1861, when the mate- rial was sold to R. B. Taylor, and became a part of the office of the Wyandotte Gazette. The first number of the Gazette was issued August 7, 1858, by S. D. McDonald, editor and proprietor. Mr. McDonald continued the Gazette one year, issuing a daily during the session of the Constitutional Convention, and then suspended. In August, 1860, the publication of the paper, after a suspension of some months, was recommenced by Messrs. McDonald and R. B. Taylor. The partnership continued but a few weeks, when Mr. Tay- lor hired the office of Mr. McDonald, and continued to publish the paper alone. January 15, 1861, while the editor was in the East on business, the office was entirely destroyed by fire, together with the building in which it was located, both belonging to Mr. McDonald. When Mr. Taylor returned in March he purchased the material of the Western Argus, as before mentioned, and continued the publication of the Gazette until the spring of 1867. when Philpott & Brown secured possession of the office and published it three months under agreement to purchase, which they failed to do. Mr. Taylor then took the management of the paper again and published it until October 1, 1869, when he leased the office to Kessler & Tuttle. January 1, 1870, Mr. Tuttle withdrew, leaving Mr. Kessler sole lessee and editor. In July of this year Mr. Taylor again carae into possession of the Gazette, remaining editor and sole proprietor until his death. Richard Baxter Taylor, who for so long a time was editor of the Gazette, was born in Buckland, Franklin County, Mass., March 29, 1832, and died at his residence in Wyandotte, Kas. , March 26, 1877. He received a good common school and academical education. When seventeen years of age, he went to Canandaigua, N. Y. . where he was engaged as an educator about five years, and then went to Ellen- wood, Ulster County, in the same State, where he commenced the study of law. He became connected with the EUenville Journal and so remained until he came West. In 1857 he visited Kansas, and the next year removed with his family to Wyandotte. His purpose in coming to Kansas was to aid in making it a free State. In 1851 he married Miss Eachel Broadhead. Mr. Taylor was a Eepublican in politics. As a journalist he was able, intelligent and bold Throucrh his efforts, the Kansas State Editorial Association was organized and he was president of the first meeting, which was held at Topeka, Janu- ary 1/, 1866. He strongly advocated the writing and printing of words l,y the phonic method. The editorial association which Mr iaylor was so active in organizing, at its annual meetincr held at Man hattan, April 7, 1875, suggested the action which led to°the organiza tion of the State Historical Society, and Mr. Tavlor was one of its first directors. At the death of Mr. Taylor, his son, William B. Taylor, conducted the Gazette till October, 1879, when R.. B. Armstrong and A N Moyer bought the office with all its appurtenances, and, under the firm name of Armstrong & Moyer, published the paper for a number of years. En the spring of 1888, the present Gazette company was formed and took charge of the office and paper, and in January fol- owiug, Mr. George W. Martin, the present editor, assumed control of the editorial department. A weekly and daily edition of the Gazette are published, both having a large circulation. In politics the Gazette is Republican. The Kansas Post, a German weekly, was removed from Kansas City to Wyandotte in the early part of the war period, and remained one year. It was published by A. M'nerz and John Haberlein, the latter being principal editor. The Kansas Real Estate Herald was issued at Wyandotte, by E. F. Heisler, from November, 1868, to July 8bJ. The first number of Die Fackel (The Torch), was issued in Myandotte, September 12, 1866. by Kastor, Fischer & Co H W Ka,stor, editor. It was first printed on the Gazette press. On Janu ary 1 1868. it was moved to Atchison. The Kansas Pilot was estab- lished in ^^yandotte. in 1879. by William Caffrey, and published for a season. From 1861 to 1866 there was no Democratic paper in Wyandotte County, but in the latter year J. A. Berry started the Wyandotte Democrat, issued it about thirteen months and then abandoned it and left the city. The nest Democratic paper in the place was the Herald. The first number of the Wyandotte Herald was issued January 4, 1872. V. J. Lane and F. G. Jacksou were its founders, the former being its editor. It was first published on the corner of Minnesota and Fifth Streets. In 1872 the otHce was moved to the corner of Third Street and Minnesota Avenue, where it remained a year and a half, until it was removed to Hescher's building, on the north side of Minnesota Avenue, between Fourth and Fifth Streets, where the paper was published till January 1, 1880, when it was moved to the Masonic building, on the corner of Minnesota Avenue and Third Street. In September, 1881, it was moved into permanent quarters belonging to its proprietors, on the north side of Minnesota Avenue, between Fifth and Sixth Streets, No. 512, where it still remains. B. R. Lane, son of the editor, bought an interest in the Herald in April, 1880, and has since been a partner with his father. The Herald is a neat seven-col- umn folio, Democratic in politics, and has a large circulation in Wyan dotte and adjoining counties. The Weekly Spy was established in the former city of Kansas City, in 1880, by its proprietor, B. M. Drake. In September, 1882, Charles H. Van Fossen and Felix G. Head bought the material of the office and began the publication of the Daily Evening Globe, which was con- tinued for a time. The American Citizen, formerly established at Topeka, Kas., was moved to Kansas City, Kas., July 26, 1889. It is a six-column folio, all printed at home, and is published by the American Citizen Publish- ing Company, with W. T. McGuinn, editor, and George A. Dudley, business manager. These gentlemen are colored, and look well to the interest of their race. The present circulation of the Citizen is 2,500, a very good showing for a paper published by the colored people. In politics it is independent. The Kansas Catholic, now in its eighth volume, was established at Leavenworth, and published there until April, 1890, when it was moved to Kansas City, Kas., where it is now published weekly by the Kansas Catholic Publishing Company. It is a very neat six-column quarto, containing much reading matter, consisting of general, local and foreign news, all being printed in the best of style. The Weekly Press, a seven-column folio, is published in the Armourdale division of Kansas City. Kas., by J. B. Whipple, editor and proprietor. Its forty-ninth number dates July 12, 1890, thus showing that it was established in July, 1889. The Kansas City Journal, Times, Globe and Star, all published in JiL WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 379 Kansas City, Mo., each publish a special edition for 'circulation in Kansas City, Kas. The local news of the latter city appears in these editions. The Journal is published by the Journal Company. Frank M. Tracy, business manager, and S. C. Britton, editor. The business manager of the Times is W. C. McBride, and the editor is M. B. Maret. Of the Globe, A. C. Caley is business man- ager, and R. A. Pope, editor. The business manager of the Star is M. C. Krarup, and the editor is Mrs. Belle Ball. In pursuance to notice given in the Wyandotte newspapers, a mass meeting of the citizens of Wyandotte County was held at Dunning' s Hall in Wyandotte City on September 4, 1875, for the purpose of dis- cussing the subject, and devising ways and means to assist in building up the commercial metropolis of the State of Kansas at the mouth of Kansas River. V. J. Lane was appointed chairman, and N. McAlpine secretary. After the chairman stated the object of the meeting, Col. S. A. Cobb introduced the following resohition, which passed unani- mously : " Resolved, That a meeting of the citizens of the State of Kansas be held at Dunning' s Hall on Thursday, the 23d of September, in the afternoon and evening, and that prominent citizens of the State be invited to address the meeting and become our guests." On motion the following live persons were appointed as an invita- tion committee: H. W. Cook. John B. Scroggs, R. B. Failor, V. J. Lane and San ford Haff. On motion a committee on arrangements and finance was appointed, consisting of S. A. Cobb, Mayor Hains, Mayor Teed, of Kansas City, Kas., E. L. Bartlett, Dr. Thorne, Thomas Vick Roy, L. H. Woods, J. S. Stockton and W. J, Buchan. A committee of live on assessment and taxation was then appointed as follows: L. H. Wood, Mayor Hains, H. M. Northrup, J. J. Keplinger and N. McAlpine. The following is a copy of the call published in the papers for a meeting to be held September 23, 1875: " To the People of Kansas: " The citizens of Wyandotte County, mindful of the fact that the increasing commerce of the Missouri Valley must concentrate some- where on the bank of our great river for general exchange, and build up a great emporium at the jsoint where such general exchange shall be made, believe that the necessities of trade, the laws of nature, facts not to be denied, have fixed that point at the mouth of the Kan- sas River. This commerce, for the most part, is the product of the ^? 6 r- -^ ©PV ^! industry, the intelligence and the resources of Kansas; the city which is its offspring they believe should be on Kansas soil, subject to her laws and tributary to her wealth. They believe that city may be planted by wise and judicious action on the part of the people within the borders of their State. They believe a generous interchange of senti- ment on the spot by citizens of Kansas, with their fellow-citizens who reside at the mouth of the Kansas River, will convince the most skep- tical and win him to their belief as to where that great mart shall be seated. Therefore, in no spirit of rivalry, as citizens of Kansas, solicitous of her welfare, they cordially invite as many of the people of their State as can attend a public meeting, to be held at Wyan- dotte on Thursday, September 23, 1875, in the evening, to consider the subject. To such as come they pledge a hearty welcome to their homes." This invitation met with a very liberal response, there being 300 of the representative men of the State in attendance at the meeting on September 23. These guests were met at the depot by the citizens and escorted through the principal streets of the city in carriages. The following counties were represented by delegates in person: Doug- las, Riley and Davis on the west; Leavenworth on the north; Johnson Miami and Bourljon on the south; Franklin, Anderson and Allen on the southwest; and Jefferson on the northwest. The following coun- ties sent words of encouragement by letter: Shawnee, Crawford, Coffey, Linn, Osage, Pottawatomie, Saline, Ellis, Republic, Ellsworth and Atch {son. The press was represented by W. H. Miller, of the Kansas, City Journal; S. M. Foid, of the Kansas City Times; H. Wilcox, of the Kansas City News and Chronicle; R. B. Taylor, of the Wyandotte Gazette, and V. J. Lane, of the Wyandotte Herald. The ladies had decorated Dunning" s Hall where the meetings were held. Col. S. A. Cobb was elected president, and the following gentle- men, vice-presidents: Gen. W. H. M. Fishback, of Johnson County; Theodore C. Bowles, of Franklin County; Hon. John T. Lanter, of Anderson County; Hon. L. J. Worden, of Douglas County ; Dr. George B. Wood, of Wyandotte County; Judge Williams, of Jefferson County ; Gen. John A. Halderman, of Leavenworth; Hon. George A. Crawford, of Bourbon County; Judge Hiram Stevens, of Miami County; Judge N. F. Acres, of Allen County; and Hon. John K. Wright, of Davis County. Speeches were made by Col. Cobb, Senator Harvey, Gov. J. P. St. John, Gov. George A. Crawford. Gen. J. A. Halderman. Hon. T. C. Bowles, Hon. John K. W^right. Hon. L. J. Worden, Judge Williams, Hon. W. J. Buchaa and others. Letters and telegrams all giving en- couragement to the movement were read from other parties, among whom were Hon. J. J. Ingalls, J. K. Goodin, Byron Sherry, Gov. Os- born, George W. Yeale, Chancellor Marvin, John Frazer, P. I. B. Ping and H. P. Dow. The following is an extract from the speech of Col. Cobb, which vividly portrays the natural advantages of the location at the mouth of Kansas River, for the commercial metropolis of the State: " The terminus of one great line of railroad, the Kansas Pacific, whose trade extends westward beyond our limits to the mining camps of Colorado, and the grazing fields of New Mexico. On the north of this line of railroad, her supplies and goods minister to the wants of the settlers in the counties of our State, lying west of the district drained by the Central Branch Union Pacific and the St. Joseph & Denver Railroads, until she reaches the neighborhood of the Burling- ton & Missouri River Railroad of Nebraska. Then extending west- ward under the advantage of the pro rata bill passed at a recent ses- sion of Congress, by way of Denver and Cheyenne, her influences are felt, as the competitor of Omaha, on the plains of Wyoming and the valleys of Utah. On the south side of the Kansas Pacific Railroad she has practically no competition in the field of trade, and her busi- ness men solicit exchange over the whole expanse of country south- ward to the northern boundary of Texas, and westward to the limits of settlement this side of the Rocky Mountains. Confining the ques- tion to our own State, the railroads which extend westwardly from the mouth of the Kansas River drain every section of Kansas, except the counties of Leavenworth, Atchison, Doniphan. Nemaha, Brown. Mar- shall, Jackson and portions of Jefferson, Pottawatomie and Washing- ton. The Republican branch of the Kansas Pacific, which extends northward up the valley of the Republican River to Clay Center, in Clay County, takes the trade of the northwestern counties, which would otherwise go to the Central Branch or St. Joseph & Denver roads to the line of the Kansas Pacific. The Kansas Midland road between this point and Topeka, and the line between here and Ottawa, are the lines over which the trade of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, and the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston roads will respect- ively pass with the same facility with which it will to Atchison or Leavenworth. " The people of Wyandotte County contend that the mass of trade carried on bv these roads will follow the valley of the Kansas River V "-^ 382 HISTORY OF KANSAS. to its junction with the Missouri. They contend, other things being equal, that the companies owning these roads can afPord to deliver freights cheaper at the mouth of the Kansas River than at any other point on the Missouri, because the grades of the roads are uniform and descending after they touch the valley of that river, while to carry their freight to the original terminus requires them to pass over elevated tracts of country with heavy gradients. But things are not equal. Any great city in the Missouri Valley will be tributary either to the greater cities of St. Louis or Chicago. The State of Kansas is by nature tributary to St. Louis. To redistribute passengers and freight bound to St. Louis from the principal portion of Kansas northward of this point, is to take them out of a direct line for redistribution. But the mass of the producers of Kansas will not engage in the business of redistribution. They will dispose of their products where they can find the buyers and seldom go farther from home in quest of them than to the Missouri Valley. The people of this county contend that they will go there where the greatest competition may be had, and that to day no man can question that the grain elevators, the packing-hovises and the stock-yards at this point all demonstrate that the buyers of the staple products — of grain and cattle — are far more numerous than anywhere else on the Missouri River. They contend that the mouth of the Kansas Piver is the natural site for the metropolis of the Missouri Valley, and that all efforts to build it elsewhere will be futile. They believe that the failure of other places to become the metropolis is owing to no mistake on the part of the citizens of those places, but they simply lacked the thousand and one natural advan- tages that this spot so happily possesses. It is said ' facts are born, not made.' So of those great marts that spring up in the march of civili- zation across the continent. The people of Kansas would gladly have made their metropolis elsewhere, but this spot was born to be it, and they must accept the fact. " In all I have said I have not spoken of the eastern connections of railroads with this point. To name them is suflScieut. The Missouri Pacific and St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern furnish rival lines and some competition to St. Louis. The Hannibal & St. Joseph, and the Kansas City & Northern to Moberly, and then the Missouri, Kan- sas & Texas supply like facilities to Chicago. Keeping in view these competitive lines alone, no other place in the valley of the Mis- souri approaches these advantages." Fifteen years have passed away since this meeting was held and ;n^ ^r WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 383 tbe predictions of Col. Cobb and others were made regarding the future developments of the State of Kansas and of its metropolis, Kansas City. A glance at the map of this great State will show that the Kansas Pacific (now the Union Pacific), as it follows up the valley of the Kansas River and crosses the State to the westward, is fed with other railroads and branch lines, especially on the north side, as the river is fed by its tributary streams, and thus it reaches all the northern part of tbe State, except a few counties in the northeast corner thereof, and Kansas City has direct communication with all of these couuties by way of the Kansas City, Wyandotte & Northwestern and the Missouri Pacific lines. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, as it passes up the Kansas River on the south side, and swings south- westerly across to the Arkansas Valley, with its many branches and connections, gives Kansas City direct communication with nearly all of the southern part of the State. In short, all parts of the State not directly reached from Kansas City by the two great trunk line railways above named and their branches and connections are reached by way of the Missouri Pacific system, the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Gulf, and other railways. In the last fifteen years the eastern half of the State has become a network of railroads, as predicted by Mr. Cobb in his address, and since proven by the developments: " The mouth of the Kansas River is the natural site for the metropolis of the Missouri Valley." And most assuredly Kansas City, Kas. , has become, beyond dispute, the me- tropolis of the State. However, some things are lacking in this modern city, the acquisition or building of which will greatly advance its business and growth. One of these is the providing of more and better hotel facilities, and the establishing of wholesale commercial houses able to compete with those on the Missouri side of the State line. In 1886 the cities of Wyandotte, the former city of Kansas City, Kas., and Armourdale, together with many additions and other territory, were consolidated into one city under one government, according to the governor's proclamation, of which the following is a triie copy: ^jr GOVERNOR'S PROCLAMATION. Declaring Kansas City, Armoitrdale and Wyandotte a city of the FIRST CLASS, UNDER THE NAME OF KaNSAS CiTY. State of Kansas, ) Executive Department, \ ToPEKA, March 6tb, 18S6. " Whereas, It appears by certificate of the County Clerk of Wyan- dotte county, Kansas, bearing date of February 16, 188B, and filed in this Department on the 19th day of February, 1886, that the following cities, to wit: Armourdale, Kansas City and Wyandotte, neither of which is a city of the first class, lying adjacent to each other, and not more than three-fourths of one mile apart, have attained, and that the aggregate population of said adjacent cities, as shown by the last cen- sus, taken under the laws of this State, now is fifteen thousand and upwards: and " Whereas, It further appears by said certificate of the County Clerk of Wyandotte county, Kansas, that the boundaries of said city of Ar- mourdale are as follows: ' Commencing at the center of section twen- ty-two (22), township eleven (11) south, range twenty-five east; thence west twenty-six hundred and forty (2640) feet; thence north twenty- six hundred and forty(2640)feet; thence east thirteen hundred and twenty (1320) feet; thence north eight hundred and fifty-four (854) feet; thence east three hundred and thirty (330) feet; thence south six hiin- dred and sixty-one (061) feet; thence east to the quarter section line running north and south through the center of section fifteen (15) in said township and range; thence north eight hundred and forty (840) feet; thence east one hundred and seventy-five (175) feet; thence north four hundred and fifty- five (455) feet; thence east three hundred and five (305) feet; thence north one hundred and sixty (160) feet; thence east five hundred and eighty (580) feet; thence south ten hundred and thirty-one (1031) feet; thence south twenty-two degrees (22) and fiftv minutes (50) east, three hundred and twenty-five (325) feet; thence south eight hundred and ninety (8*J0) feet; thence south thirty-two degrees (32) west, twenty-two hundred and twenty-one feet to the place of be- ginning,' having a population of fifteen hundred and eighty-two (1 582), as shown by the last census taken under the laws'of this State; that the boundaries of said city of Kansas City are as follows: • Commencing in the middle of the Kansas River, at a point where the same is inter- sected by the dividing line between sections fourteen (14) and twenty- three (23), in township eleven (11) south, range twenty-five (25) east; 'k WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 385 thence east to the line dividing the states of Kcausas and Missouri; thence north along said State line to the middle of the Missouri River: thence np said Missouri River northwesterly to a point where the middle of the Kansas River intersects the same; thence up the middle of the Kansas River to the place of liegiuning,' and that said city has a population of thirty- eight hundred and two (3802), as shown by the last census, taken under the laws of this State; that the bounda- ries of said city of Wyandotte are as follows: 'Commencing on the eastern boundary of the State of Kansas where the same is intersected by the Second Staudard Parallel; thence west along said Standard Par- ■ aUel to the northwest corner of section four (4), in township eleven (11) south, and range twenty-five (25) east; thence south to the southwest corner of section nine (9), in said township and range; thence east to the southeast corner of said section nine (9); thence south to the north line of the Right of Way of the Union Pacific Railway Company (Kan- sas Division); thence easterly along the north line of said Right of Way fourteen hundred and fifty ( 1450) feet; thence north thirty de. grees (30) east, nine hundred and forty- five (945) feet; thence south eighty-one degrees (Sl°) and forty-five minutes (45) west, one hun- dred and fifty (150) feet; thence north fifteen hundred (1500) feet; thence east to the east line of the Right of Way of the Union Pacific Company (Kansas Division); thence south along the east line of the said Right of Way to the quarter section line running east and west through the center of said section fifteen (15), township eleven (11), range twenty-five (25) east; thence east to the center of the Kansas River; thence to the middle of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers to the point of beginning,' and that said city has a population of twelve thousand and eighty-six (12,086), as shown by the last census, taken under the laws of this State. ■'Now, Therefore, I, John A. Martin, Governor of the State of Kan- sas, do hereby declai'e and proclaim, under and by virtue of the author- ity vested in me by an act of the Legislature of the State of Kansas, entitled ' An act to provide for the consolidation of cities,' approved February 11, 18S6, and an act supplemental and amendatory thereof, approved February 18, 1886, the said citizens of Armourdale, Kansas City and Wyandotte, to be consolidated, and to be one city, and a city of the first class, under the name of Kansas City, subject to the pro- visions of an act entitled ' An act to incorporate and regulate cities of the first class, and to repeal all prior acts relating thereto,' approved March 4, 1881. and amendments thereto, and that the boundaries of 38(3 HISTORY OF KANSAS. the said consolidated city are and shall be the boundary line aroiiad the outside of the said several cities so consolidated, as follows: ' Commencing on the eastern boundary of the State of Kansas where the same is intersected by the Second Standard Parallel: thence west along the said Standard Parallel to the northwest corner of Section four (4), in township eleven (11) south, of range twenty-live (25) east; thence south to the southeast corner of section nine (9) in said township and range; thence east to the southeast corner of said sec- tion nine (9); thence south to the southwest corner of the northwest quarter of section twenty two (22), said township and range; thence east to the center of said section twenty-two (22); thence north thirty- two degrees (32°) and thirty-six minutes (36') east, twenty-two hun- dred and twenty- one (2221) feet; thence north eight hundred and ninety (890) feet; thence north twenty-two degrees (22°) and forty- five minutes (-tS') west, three hundred and twenty-live (325) feet; thence north to the quarter section line running east and west through the center of section fifteen (15). township eleven (11) south, range twenty-five (25) east; thence east to the center of the Kansas River; thence up along the center of said river to the section line between sections fourteen (14) and twenty-three (23), in said township and range; thence east to the State liae between the States of Kansas and Missouri ; thence north along said State line to the center of the Missouri River; thence up said Missouri River to the place of begin- ning.' " And I further declare and proclaim that the first election of officers of said consolidated city shall be held on Tuesday, the 6fch day of April, A. D. 1886, in the manner provided by the acts authorizing such consolidation. " In Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name and caused to be affixed the Great Seal of the State. Done at the city of Topeka on the day and year first above written. By the Governor: Jno. A. M.4.rtin." E. B. Allen, Secretary of State. By W. T. Cavanadgh, Assistant Secretary of State." The original proclamation, as executed by the governor and duly certified by the Secretary of State on March 6, 1886, is on file in the office of the clerk of Wyandotte County. "^ fe r ' -« bK* ..t. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 387 CHAPTER XX. The Consolidated Cities— Review of the History of Consolidation —First and Subsequent Officials Since the Consolidation- Present City Officers— Wards AND Precincts— The City's Grkat Real Estate Interests— A City' of Homes— The City's Financi;s — Wonderful Progress of Street Improvement — Banks — Incoi;- poratedCompanies— Educational Progress AND Statistics— The Young Men's Christian Association— Reasons for the City's Growth — Kansas City's Manufacturing Status— Its Great Grain Market and Gigantic Elevators— Facts andFiguues from Reliable Sources OF the City's Remarkable Progress AND GuEAT Interests— The Census- A Suggestion of the Future— Armoui:- dale's Progress— The May'or's Annual Message. 1890. Extremes of fortune are true wisdom's test, And he's of men most wise who bears them best. — Cumberland. i,OTICEABLE as an incident in the "meeting of extremes ' " is the fact that the smallest county in the State of Kansas, Wyandotte, contains the most populous city in the State, Kansas City. Out of the more than 100 counties, not _^ '^ only is Wyandotte the smallest in extent, but ^^^ she has less than one-half the area of the next largest county, Doniphan. When the geogra- pher, by public command, cut up Kansas into so many rigid squares or counties, he was no doubt puzzled what to do with that little tongue of land jutting out into the expanse of water formed by the junction of the Kan- sas and Missouri Rivers; so, to simplify matters, he made a separate county of it. Thus was formed little Wyandotte, the smallest, most populous and wealthiest county in the State. New York County stands to New York State in the same position, and Kansas City stands in the same relation to the State of Kansas as the eitv of New York stands to her State— its commercial capital. i "V Kansas City was formed in 1886 by a consolidation of live municipali- ties — Wyandotte, Armourdale, Armstrong, Riverview and Old Kansas City. This latter town was formed by the overflow of Kansas City in Missouri across the State line, and really forms a connecting link be- tween what is known in modern parlance as the two Kansas Cities — Kansas City, Kaa., and Kansas City, Mo. — really one city, divided only by a State line. We say really one city because they are joined together, not alone in interest, but actually so, many buildings on the State line standing really in two States. First, let us go back to history, for Kansas City has a romantic history, dating its origin to these aborigines of the soil, the red Indians. That observant writer. Max O'Rell, said, in his travels in our country, he had met many people with American traits, but had not yet seen a typical American. Some writer has recently said the typical American, if he ever comes, will closely resemble the Indian who grew up, una- dulterated by outside influence, through centuries on our soil. Kansas City, Kas., then has strong claim to be called typically American, for she has her origin from the Indiau's settlement, and many of her oldest inhabitants have Indian blood. Of the Ave towns out of which Kansas City, Kas., has been erected, Wyandotte was the oldest and principal one. The facts which go to make up its early history form the singular spectacle of a nation of Indians, brought to a high state of intelligence through the faithful labors of missionaries, joined to their own innate brightness of percep- tion, leading the van of civilization in a community, and tirst giving to the whites, who succeeded them, the blessings of religious instruc- tion and the privileges of a free education. De.scendants of the great Iroquois family, the Wyandottes were driven from their old home in the war with the Six Nations, more than two centuries ago. After sufPering various migrations, we find them, having remained faithful to the United States, after the War of 1812, placed on a reservation in Ohio. Then began the labors of the Methodist missionaries among them, one of whom reduced the language of the Wyandottes to writ- ing. The nation obtained to a high degree of education and refine- ment, and many intermarriages took place with the white people. They were moved to Kansas in 1843, numbering at that time 700 per- sons, and settled on the present site of Kansas City, calling their vil- lage by their name. They intermingled and intermarried with the whites, became active traders, and grew quite wealthy. In 1857 a party of four gentlemen from the East formed, with three of the In ^ s r- dians, a town company, and proceeded to lay off streets, avenues and lots. A rush of people to the new town, not only from this country, but from Europe, at once took place, and while buildings were being put up as rapidly as carpenters could be procured, the people lived in tents. Before the close of the year, Wyandotte was a town of some 1,400 population. In January, 1859, the town was erected into a city. The early history of old Kansas City is obscure and unimportant. In fact, the site of the first houses erected here, about 1857-58, is now covered by the Missjuri River. The town, which was settled by little better than squatters, was some time known as the Armstrong Float; thev gained their livelihood mostly by fishing. The Kansas City Town Company was formed in 1868; the streets were named after the orig- inal proprietors of the town. In 1871 the Armour Packing House was removed from Kansas City, Mo., to its present site, and this was the begining of the enormous amount of business now carried on here. The town was incorporated in 1872, and for a long time looked to Kansas City, Mo., for fire protection. This portion of the city con- tains the two largest interests in Kansas City— the stock yards and Armour's Packing House — and other great enterprises. That part of the city formerly known as Armourdale, named for the Armours, the packers, was platted in 1880, and incorporated as a town in 1882. and came into the consolidation in 1886, as already stated. It is the site of large manufacturing interests, presenting peculiar advantages to the manufacturer. Here are located Kingan & Co. , the largest exporters of hog-stuffs in the United States; also the largest dressed beef establishment, three other beef and pork packers, glue works, two fertilizer factories, two foundries, an agricultural imple- ment factory, the headquarters of two large oil companies, refining works and numerous smaller concerns. Armstrong and Kiverview are located about the center of the city, and still retain their names distinctive of the locaHty. These several formerly separate towns are rapidly being consolidated into one city, a city of over 50,000 inhabitants. The new streets being graded, in- stead of running east and west, pointing to Missouri, run north and south, thus connecting all sections. Tbe great thoroughfare in a short time will be Seventh Street, running from the extreme end of the city on the Missouri, on the north, to the Kansas, or Kaw, on the south. It crosses the railroads, which formerly divided Armourdale from the northern part of town, by an all-steel bridge, 1,600 feet long, twenty eight feet above the tracks, with a twenty- foot wagon way, a ^f^ -fei. 390 HISTORY OF KANSAS. foot path, and twelve feet allowance for the electric motor car. The bridge was built of the most expensive material, the best engineers being engaged. It was paid for, one-third by the city, one-third by the Rock Island Railroad Company and one-third by the Union Pa- cific Railroad Company. Such is the story of Kansas City's beginning, growth, consolida- tion and subsequent wonderful development, told briefly and quickly — the merest sketch of former chapters, yet sufficiently full to serve as the introduction to the history of the Kansas City of today, the me- tropolis of Kansas, characterized by everything that appeals to the admiration of enterprising Americans. The first officers of the consolidated cities, to serve until April, 18S7, were: Mayor, T. F. Hannan; city clerk, J. J. Moffitt; city treasurer, F. S. Merstetter; city attorney, W. S. Carroll; city engineer, J. H. Lasley; street commissioner, John Wren; fire marshal, J. K. Paul; city marshal, John Sheehan; police judge, M. J. Manning. The city officials from April, 1887, to April, 1889, were: Mayor, T. F. Hannan; city clerk, J. J. Moffitt; city treasurer, F. S. Mer- stetter; city attorney, W. S. Carroll; city engineer, A. W. Boeke; street commissioner, M. J. Manning; fire marshal, J. K. Paul; chief of police, O. K. Serviss; police judge, P. K. Leland; police commis- sioners, W. A. Simpson, George W. Bishop, R. W. Hilliker. The city officials at the present time are as follows. They were chosen to serve from April, 1889, to April, 1891: Mayor, W. A. Coy; city clerk, Benjamin Schnierle; assistant city clerk, B. L. Short; city counselor, L. W. Keplinger; city attorney, A. H. Cobb; city treas- urer, Charles P. Denison; city engineer, A. W. Boeke; street com- missioner, C. Patterson; fire marshal, W. J. Hill; license inspector. James Ferguson; stock inspector, L. F. Martin; commissoner of elec- tions, W. B. Taylor; city assessor, Frank Mapes; chief of police, S. S. Peterson; police judge, P. K. Leland; police commissioners, W. A. Simpson, president; J. W. Longfellow, secretary; George W. Bishop. The councilmen of the city of Kansas City, Kas., for 1886-87, were: C. Bohls, W. T. Brown, William Clow, E. Daniels, T. Flem ing, Charles Hains, S. McConnell, James Phillips, Con. Butler and J. C. Martin. The councilmen for 1887-88 were: Charles Bohls, T. D. Kelley, George McLean, L. F. Martin, William Miller, James Phillips, Charles Scheller, James Sullivan, James Varner, J. C. Martin. Joseph Peavev and J. C. Welsh. ^ (f r- -~^ s \ f WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 391 The conneilmen for 1888-89 were: Charles Bohls, H. C. Darby, Winfield Freeman* R. W. Hilliker, George McLean, L. F. Martin, Joseph Peavey, James Phillips, J. I. Packard, Charles Scheller, James Sullivan and J. C. Welsh. The conneilmen for 1889-90 were: H. C. Darby. M. J. Faherty, R. W. Hilliker, Walter Norton, Joseph Peavey, J. I. Packard, W. A. Pyle, Charles Scheller, James Sullivan, D. W. Troup, S. S. Peterson (succeeded by P. B. Hopkins), and Winfield Freeman (succeeded by James A. Young). The conneilmen for 1890-91 are: James Sullivan, M. J. Faherty, Charles Scheller, George C. Eaton, D. W. Troup, James A. Young, Frank M. Tracy, J. L. Jones, R. W. Hilliker, Walter Norton, W. A. Pyle, Harvey Allen. The wards and precincts of the city are thus officially designated and described: The First Ward comprises all that portion of the city of Kansas City, Kas., lying east of the Kansas River. First Precinct— All that portion of the First Ward lying south of the center line of the extension of Kansas Avenue east of the Kansas River, including the localities known as Toad-a-Loup and Greystone Heights. Second Precinct — All that portion of the First Ward lying between the center of Lyon Avenue (formerly Fifth Street), on the north and the extension of Kansas Avenue on the south. Third Precinct— All that portion of the First Ward lying north of the center of Lyon Avenue, extended from the Kansas River to the Missouri River. The Second Ward comprises all that portion of the city lying north of the center of old Ohio Avenue extended, and east of the center line of Fifth Street prolonged to the city limits on the north. Fourth Precinct— All that portion of the Second Ward lying south of the cen- ter line of Minnesota Avenue and east of the center line on Fifth Street. Fifth Precinct— All that portion of the Second Ward lying south of the center of Virginia Avenue, east of the center line of Fifth Street, and north of the center line of Minnesota Avenue. Sixth Precinct — All that poition of the Second Ward lying north of the center of Vir- ginia Avenuje, and east of the center line of Fifth Street, prolonged to the northern city limits. The Third Ward comprises all that portion of the city lying west of the center line of Fifth Street, prolonged to the northern city lim- its, and north to the center line of State Avenue. Seventh Precinct — All that portion of the Third Ward north of the tracks of the Chelsea -^^ ^1 392 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Park branch of the elevated railway. Eighth Preoinct— All that por- tion of the Third Ward lying south of the tracks of the Chelsea Park branch of the elevated railway, and east to the center line of Ninth Street. Ninth Precinct — All that portion of the Third Ward lying south of the tracks of the Chelsea Park branch of the elevated rail- way, and west of the center line of Ninth Street. The Fourth Ward comprises all that portion of said city lying be- tween the center line of State Avenue on the north, the center line of Fifth Street on the east, the center line of old Ohio Avenue on the south and the city limits on the west. Teath Precinct — All that por- tion of the Fourth Ward lying west of the center line of Ninth Street. Eleventh Precinct — All that portion of the Fourth Ward lying east of the center line of Ninth Street, and north of the center line of Tau- romee Avenue. Twelfth Precinct — All that portion of the Fourth Ward lying east of the center of Ninth Street and south of the center ofTauromee Avenue. The Fifth ^^'ard comprises all that portion of said city lying be- tween the center line of old Ohio Avenue, and old Ohio Avenue ex- tended, on the north, the Kansas River on the east, the main line tracks of the Union Pacific Railway on the south, and the city limits on the west. Thirteenth Precinct —All that portion of the Fifth Ward lying east of the center line of Mill Street, and north of the tracks of the Riverview branch of the elevated railway. Fourteenth Precinct — All that portion of the Fifth Ward lying east of the center of Mill Street, and south of the tracks of the Riverview branch of the ele vated railway. Fifteenth Precinct— All that portion of the Fifth Ward lying west of the center line of Mill Street. The Sixth Ward comprises all that portion of said city lying south of the main line tracks of the Union Pacific Railway and west of the Kansas River. Sixteenth Precinct — All that portion of the Sixth Ward lying west of the center line of Coy Street (formerly Fourteenth Street in Armourdale). Seventeenth Precinct — All that portion of the Sixth Ward lying between the center line of Coy Street on the west, and the center line of Fourth Street (formerly Seventh Street in Ar- mourdale) on the east. Eighteenth Precinct — All that portion of the Sixth Ward lying east of the center of Fourth Street. Real estate since the consolidation has been one of the leading interests in the city's commerce. From a small beginning, as an ad- junct to the real estate business of Kansas City, Mo., it has attained to such proportions, independently, that Kansas City, Kas.. now ranks r as oue of the leading real estate centers of the West. For several years past the real estate transactions have aggregated nearly $1,- .000,000 annually. The following are the transfers for 1889, as com- pared with those of 1888: ISSll. 188,S. J«auary $ 915,000 $ 530.983 February 697,896 848,473 M'Tcli 638,094 545,408 April 699,336 790.168 May 974,367 933.330 J'liie 1,007,990 1,030,330 July 893,383 951,986 August 514.503 .533,371 September .505,383 433,851 October 514,605 603,839 November 1.343,066 1,387,371 December 900,001) 843,.536 Total $9,501,413 $9,399,634 Without doubt, the year 1889 marked the opening of a wonderful era of building in Kansas City. Real estate, while commanding good figures, is yet so low as to allow a very handsome profit to those who build residences or business blocks, and for this reason houses of all descriptions have arisen as if by magic in every portion of the city. The safest and most conservative estimate of the number of buildings erected during the past year is 3,000. at a total cost of $4,200,000, or an average cost of $1,700 each. The portion of the city north of Min- nesota Avenue contains at least 1,500 of the new buildino-s, while the west and southwest and central portions contain the major portion of the balance. On Minnesota Avenue alone $250,000 has been placed into business blocks of the most substantial kind, which, as soon aa completed, were immediately filled with first-class merchants, who have been and are more than favorably impressed with the business importance of Kansas City. August 5, 1889, a system of building registration was instituted in the governmental department of the city, under the supervision of the city treasurer, whereby the pro- jector of a building is required to make application for a permit, giving a description of the intended building and also its probable cost. Quite a number of the buildings begun in the past year will not be com- pleted until late this year, showing that besides being built with care the buildings are immense in size. The class of buildings that were erected in 1889 is far superior to any built prior to this time, that is, taken as a whole. There are "^U i ^ ^ 394 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. some cheap buildings, but the majority of structures erected are sub- stantial, well built and good looking. The old, and none too beauti- ful, plain box and "L" style has been relegated to that obscurity which it so richly merits, and houses and cottages of pretty design and pleasing exterior have taken their places. Not only are the out- side improvements noticeable, but a wonderful change has come over the internal arrangement of the houses. They are modern in every respect, and replete with the latest improvements, both artistic and useful. In business houses the change has been equally as pro- nounced and remarkable. Minnesota Avenue a very few years ago, could boast of no office buildings that were such as should adorn a principal street of a city like this, but a vast change has come over the appearance of that thoroughfare. Nearly a quarter of a million dollars was expended in buildings on this street during 1889, and the structures erected are as handsome and substantial as any to be found in the \Vest. One noticeable feature is the westward tendency of the buildings, all of the new buildings of any size or importance hav- ing been put up west of Fifth Street. Riverview and the South Side have also come in for their share of new buildings, and a vast amount of money has been expended in these localities. The section of the city, however, in which the bulk of the build- ing was done is north of Minnesota Avenue. The various additions that adorn that part of the city are fairly alive with carpenters, brick- layers, painters and plasterers. It is impossible to st'and at any point without seeing from one to a dozen houses under process of con- struction. A factor that has done much to build up and populate this part of the city is the excellent system of rapid transit with which it is blessed. The western and southwestern part of the city and the central and southern parts have been aided in the same manner. Her business future assured, Kansas City is becoming more and more a city of homes. Men who have made fortunes and competencies here are preparing to enjoy them here. The residence section of the city is beinc extended in every direction in a most substantial and attract- ive manner, while here and there large apartment houses further tes- tify to the demand for homes. Many of the new residences are of the most modern construction and ornaments to the city, as they would be to any city of the country. Among the permits, too, are some for the construction of business houses of a superior character. The whole building record shows the substantial piogress of Kansas City in the right direction, her home-building at last keeping abreast of WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 395 her business advance. The feature about the past year's business is that so many small sales have been made. It would seem that the mechanic, artisan and laboring man is providing himself with a home in the consolidated city. Outside and suburban property figures more largely in the transfers than anything else. It would be diffi- cult to say that any one section of the surrounding suburban residence property was favored in this respect more than any other. In this city the cost of grading a street is borne by the property owners whose lots abut on the street improved. The cost of curbing and paving is borne by the property adjacent, extending to the middle of the block. In both cases the cost of the improvement is assessed against the property block by block. That is, each block pays for its own improvement. The cost of improving the cross-sections of the streets is jjaid by the city at large. When a street is improved, the city issues internal improvement bonds, running ten years, and bear- ing six per cent interest, for an amount sufficient to cover the cost of the improvement. These bonds are sold at the market price, ranging from II. OH to $1.02, and the contractor is j>aid out of the proceeds. This amount is apportioned and assessed against each lot, or parcel of land, according to its appraised value. The property owner may, if he choses, pay the entire special tax assessed against his property as soon as it is apportioned, and save the interest, six per cent; or if he does not choose to do so, it is divided into ten equal installments, and assessed against his property as taxes. In this way he has ten years in which to pay for the improving of the street adjacent to his property. The special improvement bonds are assumed by the city. They form a part of the bonded indebtedness, and enter into the debt statements of the municipality. The law allows the tax-payer to pay one-half of his annual taxes on or before December 20 of each year, and the remain- ing half on or before June 20 of the following year — really divides the special taxes up into twenty semi-annual installments, still lightening the burden of special improvements. A careful compilation of the real estate statistics for the first half of the year 1890 show that without the aid of booming times and easy money the metropolis is going to rejaeat the tigures of last year. Every city in the Union has, with few exceptions, experienced a period of dullness in both business growth and real estate sales, but Kansas City is holding her own and presents the tigures, 14,388,547, repre- senting 1,403 transfers of realty since the year began. The average amount of each transfer is $3,127.75, or a trifle larger sum than the 896 HISTORY OF KANSAS. r average of last year, which fact, together with the smaller sales of this year, goes to show that the commodity is increasing in value. The following table gives the figures of each week up to June 28 : Week ending, 1890. January 5. . January 13. . January 19. . January 26. . February 3.. February 9 February 16 February 33 March 3 March 9 . . , March 16 March 33. . . . March 30. . . April 6 April 13 April 30 April 37. . . . May 4 May 11 May 18 May 35 .... June 1 June 15 June 23 June 28 Total. $ 37,635 157.831 136.598 160,900 113,400 140,191 238,313 130,400 235,397 303,176 303,411 375,960 300,049 241,100 210,3.57 105,72(1 337,900 154,840 141,001 167,674 130,653 340,101 131,406 115,905 112,010 14,388,547 The financial affairs of Kansas City are in an excellent condition. Her bonds, issued for the purpose of paying for special improvements, bearing interest at 6 per cent per annum, find ready takers in the money market at a premium of from 2 to 2| per cent. The entire bonded indebtedness of the city, including bonds aggregating $170,- 000, issued by the former cities of Wyandotte and Kansas City, Kas. , amounts to $1,670,749.86. Of this amount over $1,500,000 was issued in payment of special improvements, which are paid by the property- holders in the several taxing districts where the work, for the payment of which the bonds were issued, was done. In most States special improvement bonds do not enter into the debt statement of the city. The assessed valuation of the property in Kansas City, Kas., is $8,425,629.97. The average assessed valuation is considera- bly less than one fourth of its real value. According to this estimate ^-^ A- J^i 'k. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 397 the market value of the property would be in round numbers 140,000,- 000. Below is given the bonded indebtedness of the city: Kansas City, Wyandotte & Northwestern Railway bonds f 30,000 00 Viaduct and bridge 30,000 00 Special assessment and internal improvement bonds. 1,464,044 OO Total issued §1,. 524.044 00 Special assessment bonds ordered issued and sold, but not registered 56,716 80 Total |1,. 580, 760 80 Bonds redeemed 80,550 00 Bonded indebtedness $1,. 500,210 80 In Kansas City, Kas., the rate of taxation, State, county and city, is 45 mills, or 4| per cent. In the former city of Wyandotte the rate is 51 J mills; in the former city of Armourdale the rate is 40 ^\ mills; in the former city of Kansas City, Kas., the rate is 42^\ mills. The average for the three portions which compose Kansas City, Kas., is 45 mills, or 4J per cent on the assessed valuation. During the past three years seventeen miles of streets have been paved out of a total of -240 miles, while previous to that time about three miles were paved, making a total of twenty miles of paved streets in the city. The number of miles of streets graded within the same period is 34.81. This has not only been the means of beautifying the city and facilitating street travel, but it has increased the value of property wonderfully. Two of the most important improvements are now under construction — the viaduct over the Union Pacific and Eock Island yards at Armstrong and the new bridge across the Kaw at the foot of Foiirth Street. The construction of the sewerage system in the Sixth Ward and the Splitlog Creek sewers cost an immense amount of money, but they are very valuable improvements. There was ex- pended by the city in 1889, almost 11,000,000 for public works, appro- priated as follows: Grading 607,134 cubic yards, 6.51 miles $101,739 Paving, 159,379 square yards. 6.66 miles 259,048 Curbing 63,007 lineal feet 6.16 miles 80,343 Sidewalks, 19.64 miles 33,639 Sewers .* 180,,578 Eigbtli Street Bridge (county) 60,000 Miscellaneous 96,785 Grand figures are they that show nearly a half million dollars spent in obliterating the mud from the streets, placing instead the T 398 HISTORY OF KANSAS. splendid asphalt or cedar block paving. Man is not known by the clothes he wears, yet a city is to be fairly judged by its streets. Dur- ing the year 1889 the paving record reached the enormous total of 35,235 feet, or 6.66 miles, for which the city paid in cash $259,048. Streets once hilly in spots, with the inevitable mud hole further on, have given place to veritable boulevards and wide aveniies. The past year has seen the following streets and avenues brought from disfigured homeliness into thriving and beauteous thoroughfares: Bridge Street, from Riverside Avenue to the Kaw River; Central Avenue, from Park to Eighteenth Street; Fifth Street, from Reynolds Avenue to Bridge Street; Freeman Avenue, from Sixth to Seventh Street: Kansas Avenue, from Railroad Avenue to the East Side city limits; Minnesota Avenue, from Fourth Street to Eighth Street; Ohio Avenue, from Seventh to Tenth Street; Osage Avenue, from Adams to Twelfth Street; Seventh Street, from Ohio to Central Avenue, and from Oakland to Parallel Avenue; Sixth Street, from Virginia to Par- allel Avenue; Tauromee Avenue, from Sixth to Seventh Street; Or- ville Avenue, from Sixth to Seventh Street. The era of sidewalk building in the city was during the past year, when nineteen and one- fourth miles were laid, costing $33,639.19, thus running the grand total of street and sidewalk expenditures up to the stupendous amount of 1424,769.03. To undertake the great amount of work done in this direction during the past year reflects fir.st, great credit and enterprise upon the citizens of Kansas City, and then upon the city engineer and his assistant. With the coming year these officials' duties will not be decreased, but on the contrary, they will be increased, by reason of the improvements that are yet to be made in the streets of the city. Ten lirst-class banks are located in this city with a combined capital of over $1,000,000, and a paid-up capital of nearly $900,000. The bank reports show a healthy state of affairs existing among these institutions, which must be gratifying to all who have the welfare of the city at heart: Capital paid up .| 8.56,000 Surplus and undivided protits 172,097 Deposits 1,781,432 The following is the cash capital of the ten local banks : Northrup Banking Company $100,000 Stock Yards Bank 200,000 First National 100,000 Wyandotte National 100,000 *^s ■ ^'^^ --'= ^'^ Exchange National 51,000 Aimourdale Bank 30,000 Citizens' Bank 25,000 Central Avenue Bank 27,600 Wyandotte I.oan and Trust Company 100,000 Fidelity Savings Bank 100,000 Total paid up capital ?833,600 These banking institutions are located and officered as follovv's: Armourdale Bank, 410 Kansas Avenue, A. W. Little, president; N. McAlpine, vice-president; J. R. Quarles, cashier; A. S. Lemtuon. assistant cashier. Central Bank of Kansas (The). Central Aventie. junction of Simp- son Avenue, Samuel W. Day, president; R. W. Hilliker, cashier. Citizens' Bank, 401 Kansas Avenue, C. E. Moss, president; S. D. Beard, vice-president; S. S. Kirby, secretary ; J. J. Hovey, cashier. Exchange Bank, 427 Minnesota Avenue, I. D. Wilson, president; Charles Lovelace, vice-president; A. W. Little, cashier. Fidelity Savings Bank, 551 Minnesota Avenue. J. D. Husted, pres- ident; John Blomquist, vice-president; C. E. Husted, cashier. First National Bank of Kansas City, Kas. , Minnesota Avenue, southeast corner Sixth, D. R. Emmons, president; J. D. Husted. vice- president: William Albright, cashier. Kansas City Stock Yards Bank, Kansas City Stock Yards Exchange, C. F. Morse, president; M. W. St. Clair, cashier; W. C. Henrici, as- sistant cashier. Northrup Banking Company, 501 Minnesota Avenue, H. M. North- rup. president; A. B. Northrup, vice-president; K. L. Browne, cashier; E. N. Lovelace, assistant cashier. Wyandotte National Bank, Minnesota Avenue, northeast corner Fifth, Isaac La Grange, president; A. N. Moyer, vice-president; C. W. Trickett, cashier. There are in the city the following incorporated companies, devoted to real estate, investments, loans, mantifacturing, publishing and gen- eral and miscellaneous interests. Acme Investment Company, 531| Minnesota Avenue; D. E. Stoner, president; George Stumpf, vice-president; C. G. Eaton, secretary and treasurer. Allcutt Packing Company, county road, between Osage and Kansas Aventies; W. P. Allcutt, president; C. T. Allcutt, vice-president; E. H. Allcutt, secretary and treasurer. \fU r- ^fV ^\' ,l> 400 HISTORY OF KANSAS. American Land & Trust Company, 26 First National Bank Build- ing; W. R. Stebbins, president; C. M. White, secretary and treasurer. American Live Stock Commission Company, 04 and 65 Kansas City Stock Yards Exchange; H. W. Creswell, president; Samuel Lazarus, vice-president; Paul Phillips, treas. ; J. W. T. Gray, secretary. Argentine Sand Company, Twenty-third and Kaw River bank; T. T. Lewis, president; H. A. Blossom, secretary and treasurer; G. W. Bransford, superintendent. Armour Butterine Company, Levee, foot of State; K. B. Armour, president; A. R. Turley, secretary. Armourdale Foundry Company, Kansas Avenue, southeast corner Adams; Robert Gillham, president; Gus. P. Marty, vice president and treasurer; John Gillham, Jr., secretary and general manager. Armourdale Heights Land Company, 553 Minnesota Avenue; J. D. Husted, president; T. H. Rowland, vice-president; C. A. Al- bright, secretary and treasurer. Armourdale Safe Investment Association, 201 Kansas Avenue; J. M. Enochs, president; C. F. Buchholder, secretary; W. J. Brouse, treasurer. George R. Barse Live Stock Commission Company, Kansas City Stock Yards Exchange; G. R. Barse, president; George Holmes, vice- president; J. A. Waite, secretary and treasurer. Bonner Springs Town Company, 553 Minnesota Avenue; D. R. Emmons, president; J. D. Husted, secretary and treasurer. Boujevard Investment Company, 553 Minnesota Avenue; J. D. Husted, president; T. H. Rowland, vice-president; E. M. Smith, secretary and treasurer. Boulevard Land Company, 553 Minnesota Avenue; J. D. Husted, president: E. M. Smith, secretary and treasurer. Boulevard Park Company, 553 Minnesota Avenue; J. D. Husted, president; T. H Rowland, vice-president; E. M. Smith, secretary and treasurer. The J. H. Campbell Co., 24 Kansas City Stock Yards Exchange; J. H. Campbell, president; J. F. Wares, vice-president; J. H. Mc- Farland, secretary and treasurer. Chelsea Investment Company, S Odd Fellows Building; D. M. Edgerton, president; W. E. Barnhart, secretary. Consolidated Electric Light & Power Company, corner Fifth and Central Avenue; I. D. Wilson, president; Marcus Harris, vice-presi- dent and treasurer; B. Schnierle, secretary. ^, -'f liUllAL MIDSUMMEU Consolidated Iron Works Company, Fourth, near Central Avenue; C. R. Griffith, Jr., president; S. J. Thomson, vice president; R. B. Thomas, treasurer; T. O. Cunningham, secretary. Dobyns & Fields Live Stock Commission Company, 60 Kansas City Stock Yards Exchange; J. B. Dobyns, president ; Joseph E. Field, secretary and treasurer. Driggs Manufacturing Company, 15 and 17 Ewing; T. C. Driggs, president; S. M. Stone, vice-president; E. R. Stone, treasurer; R. E. Stone, secretary. English & American Mortgage Company, 553 Minnesota Avenue; Henry Seton Karr, D. R. Emmons, chairmen; G. L. O. Davidson, L. T. Gray, secretaries; Eli H. Chandler, manager. Evans, Snider, Buel Co., 16 and 17 Kansas City Stock Yards Ex- change; A. G. Evans, president; Chester A. Snider, treasurer; A. T. Atvyater. secretary. Fish & Keck Co., 9 and 10 Kansas City Stock Yards Exchange; G. O. Keck, president; F. O. Fish, secretary and treasurer. Hopkins Planing Mill Company, Kansas Avenue, northeast corner Adams; P. B. Hopkins, president; O. L. Miller, vice-president. Husted Building Company, 553 Minnesota Avenue; J. D. Husted, president; T. H. Rowland, vice-president; E. M. Smith, secretary and treasurer. Husted Investment Company, The, 553 Minnesota Avenue: J. D. Husted, president; F. D. Coburn, second vice-president; O. R. Burn- ham, secretary. International Mining Company, 553 Minnesota Avenue; P. W. Mikesell, president; G. W. Hunt, secretary; C. S. Rogers, treasurer. Kansas Broom Manufacturing Company, The, llOBerger Avenue; J. F. Frese. president and treasurer; C. O. W. Stolte, vice-president; A. W. Lewis, secretary. Kansas City Gas Light & Heating Company, 612 Minnesota Avenue; Winlield Freeman, president; N. McAlpine, vice-president; H. S. Smith, secretary and treasurer; J. F. Williams, manager. Kansas City Glue & Fertilizer Company, Osage Avenue, corner Adams; L. M. Darling, president; William Peet, vice-president; H. B. Arnold, secretary and general manager; W. F. Wyman, treasurer; G. R. Collins, superintendent. Kansas City Ice Company, 553 Minnesota Avenue; L. H. Wood. president; S. E. Harness, treasurer and manager. Kansas City Live Stock Exchange, State corner Sixteenth; H. ^f^ p. Child, president; Frank Cooper, vice-president; W. C. Henrici, treasurer; R. P. Woodbury, secretary. Kansas City Packing & Chase Refrigerating Company, Osage Ave- nue, corner Baird; F. H. Odiorne, president; George E. Parker, treasurer; A. F. Nathan, secretary. Kansas City Refrigerator Car Company, east side James, opposite Splitlog Avenue; George Fowler, president; G. A. Fowler, vice-presi- dent; M. M. Vincent, secretary and general agent. Kansas City Soap Company, 18 to 22 North Second; G. W. Hal- lar, president; C. R. Hallar, treasurer; R. R. Kreeger; secretary. Kansas City Stock Yards Company, State, corner Sixteenth; C. F. Adams, Jr., president; C. F. Morse, general manager; E. E. Richard- son, secretary and treasurer; H. P. Child, superintendent; Eugene Rust, assistant superintendent. Kansas City Water Company, 813 North Sixth: G. E. Taintor, president; L. M. Lawson, vice-president; Robert Weems, secretary and treasurer. Kansas City & Wyandotte Pressed Brick Company, west side Fifth, one block south of " L" road; J. F. Perdue, president; D. W. Longwell, vice-president; Charles F. Gilmore, general manager; W. K. Reeme, secretary and treasurer. Kansas Desiccating & Refining Company, east side Adams, be- tween Wyoming and Shawnee Avenues; C. F. Morse, manager; E. E. Richardson, secretary and treasurer; C. W. Bangs, superintendent. Kansas Elevator, 657 Adams; E. D. Fisher, president; A. S. Pierce, vice president; R. E. Belch, secretary and treasurer. Kansas Paving & Construction Company, 538 Minnesota Avenue; George Jenkins, president; G. A. Libbey, secretary. Kansas Triphammer Brick Works. Waverly Avenue, corner North Second; Tillman Puetz, Jr., president; E. F. Andrews, vice-presi- dent and manager; J. Kraemer, secretary. Kansas & Missouri Land & Investment Company, 553 Minnesota Avenue; T. A. Scott, president and treasurer; R. H. Hamilton, vice- president; Mac Armstrong, secretary. Kaw Valley Investment Company, 558 Minnesota Avenue; J. D. Husted, president; W. H. Humphrey, vice-president; E. M. Smith, Secretary and treasurer. Kerr Refractory Composition Company, 411 Minnesota Avenue; R. McAlpine, president; M. W. Clay, vice-president; N. McAlpine, treasurer; G. R. Clay, secretary; T. B. Kerr, general manager. lA WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 403 Keystone Iron Works Company, Central Avenue, corner Fourth; James Smith, president; T. B. Bullene, vice-president; L. B. Bul- lene. secretary and treasurer. London Heights Home & Improvement Company, 51 Wyandotte National Bank Building; C. P. Pierce, president; L. H. Wood, vice-president; N. A. Mann, secretary. McNair Land Company, 9 Odd Fellows Building; D. E. Tyler, secretary. Merriam Park Land & Improvement Company, 523 Minnesota Avenue; S. Dingee, president; L. H. Dingee, secretary. Missouri Valley Coal & Mining Company, 553 Minnesota Avenue; J. H. Austin, president; T. B. George, secretary and treasurer. Orchard Place Land Company, 553 Minnesota Avenue; J. D. Husted, president; E. M. Smith, secretary and treasurer. Riverside Improvement Company, 553 Minnesota Avenue; J. I. Reynolds, president; N. McAlpine, vice-president; H. H. Reynolds, secretary and treasurer. Riverview Land & Improvement Company, 8 Odd Fellows Build- ing; Robert Gillham, president; D. D. Hoag, secretary. Saratoga Springs Town Company, 523 Minnesota Avenue; S. Din- gee, president; L. H. Dingee, secretary. Sunnyside Homestead Company, 8 Odd Fellows Building; D. D. Hoag, president; Winfield Freeman, secretary. Swift & Co., North Berger Avenue, west of stock-yards; Gr. F. Swift, president; E. C. Swift, vice-president; L. Swift, treasurer; D. E. Hartwell, secretary. The B. F. Pratt Consolidated Coal & Cooperage Company, Osage Avenue, corner Belt Railway; B. F. Pratt, president; A. Bloch, vice- president; E. D. Pratt, treasurer; T. L. Pratt, secretary. The Gazette Company, publishers Kansas City Gazette, 720 North Sixth; G. W. Martin, president; J. J. Maxwell, secretary; J. F. Tim- mons, D. J. Griest, D. E. Cornell, directors. The Whittaker Brick Company, Fifth, northwest corner New Jersey Avenue; W. H. Smith, president and treasurer; J. F. Getty, secretary; T. Dwight Ives, manager; George C. Little, superintend- ent. United States Detective Bureau, 49 Wyandotte National Bank Building; F. J. Brown, president; J. E. Pritchard, secretary. West Lawn Land Company, 553 Minnesota Avenue; J. D. Hus- ted, president; E. M. Smith, secretary and treasurer. ^ ^^ 404 HISTORY OF KANSAS. White Church Town Site & Improvement Company, 553 Minne- sota Avenue; D. D. Hoag, president; \\. H. Young, secretary; F. C. Woestemeyer, treasurer. Wyandotte Coal & Lime Company, 553 Minnesota Avenue; L. H. Wood, president; J. B. Scroggs, vice president; U. V. Widener, sec- retary; W. P. Overton, treasurer; C. K. Wood, auditor, S. E. Har- ness, general manager. Wyandotte Consolidated Land Company, 8 Odd Fellows Build- ing; D. M. Edgerton, president; D. D. Hoag, secretary. Wyandotte County Coal & Mining Company, 553 Miami Avenue; W. P. Overton, president; W. H. Young, secretary. Wyandotte Loan & Trust Company, Minnesota Avenue, northeast corner Fifth; W. S. Beard, president; G. L. Kroh, vice-president; A. N. Moyer, secretary; C. W. Trickett, treasurer. The public schools of Kansas City, Kas., bring up their portion of the grand advancement of the '" Consolidated Cities." " Nineteen schools show an aggregate of 6,000 pupils, while 2,500 eligible children, in addition to this number, do not attend school. This would bring the total up to 8, 500 with a full attendance. To receive an accurate idea of the phenomenal growth of the public school system of the city, the statistics of 1887 should be considered, when less than 2, 100 scholars were enrolled, utilizing the efforts of forty teachers. At present 112 instructors are necessary, showing a precentage of gain of 160 percent in teachers, while the enrollment percentage is nearly 200. It re- mains to be ascertained whether or not these startling figures have ever been equaled by any city in the United States, after the city had first attained a population of 10,000. The amount paid in salaries to the teachers in aggregate reaches the sum of $50,000. Other incidental expenses of the nineteen schools bring the total expenditure for the year up to $68,000 in round numbers. Owing to existing State laws, the board of education has been subjected to most severe financial straits, and it was with difficulty that the present high percentages were maintained by reason of this lack of funds. During 1889 about $80,000 of the building fund was absorbed by new sites and school edifices. The course of study pursued is definitely outlined by weeks' work, and is very uniformly and successfully carried out by an efficient corps of teachers. The most conspicuous innovation is perhaps in the course of study in numbers. What may be called the combination method has been introduced by the board of education, and is being successfully e) ' ~ •" ^ taugbt in all the schools. The results are that the pupils add, subtract, multiply and divide rapidly and accurately, doing away with old fash- ioned methods. The present board of education has accomplished a large amount of work in all the territory over which it has control. The names of the gentlemen are as follows: William Tennell, W. T. Mead, Benjamin Franklyn, M'. S. Beard, Joseph H. Gadd, James S. Gibson, Capt. J. P. Northrup, E. N. Towner, E. G. Wright, G. W. Loomis, J. S. Perkins and B. G. Short. The officers of the board are J. H. Gadd, president; Benjamin Franklyn, vice-president; J. P. Root, clerk: C. A. Dennison, treasiirer. A worthy and useful adjunct to the churches of the city is the Young Men's Christian Association, under the following management: Officers — D. E. Tyler, president; John W. Bunn, vice-president; B. F. Berry, treasurer; W. T. Taylor, recording secretary. Directors — D. E. Tyler, John W. Bunn, C. W. Trickett. W. H. Lewis, H. M. Sparrow, W. T. Taylor, B. F. Berry, W. S. Hannah, C. L. Simpson, G. W. Loomis, James Johnson, J. E. "Wilson. Dr. J. C. Martin; George N. DeWolf, general secretary. It will be of interest to many to know what has been done recently toward the erection of a new Y. M. C. A. building in this city. For some time past the members of- the central branch have been making plans and preparations, and it was during the month of May that the first steps were taken. A meeting was called to see how the people in the immediate vicinity felt about taking hold of the new enter- prise, viz., the erection of a three story Y. M. O. A. building, 50x110 feet, to be located at the northeast corner of Sixth Street and Cen- tral Avenue, to contain a gymnasium, hall, library and reading room, and to cost about S20,000. At this meeting more than 200 assembled in the Central Branch Y. M. C. A. hall. Enthusiastic speeches were made on the subject, and $1,800 was raised. A committee was appointed to solicit subscriptions and report at a meeting to be held the following week. The committee then went out among the busi- ness men of the city and met with excellent success. Every one seemed to take an interest in the new building. At the next meeting the committee reported that over $3,000 had been subscribed, and two new members were added to the committee to solicit funds. The committee of management have felt for some time past that it was a disgrace for a city of almost 50,000 inhabitants not to have a Y. M. C. A. building, while other cities much smaller than this throughout the State were supporting one; but they fully realized the obstacles to "Hts r- -® \ 406 HISTORY OF KANSAS. be overoomo in lociitiug a building which wouKl ho convenient to all in such a scattered city as this. They made a special study of the iiuestion, and at last, after looking the ground over, they found no more favorable location than the northeast corner of Si.xth Street and tlontral Avenue. The new electric road now under construction to Armourdale will make this an accessible point for the people of the South Side, and the '"L " road will bring the people from the north, east and west parts of the city within one block of the site selected. The committee feel that the city as a whole will take special pride in the new building and make it a great success. They have shown their belief by letting the contract for the excavating, which is almost completed, and are now making arrangement for the foundation. Mr. G. W. Loomis has been selected as the architect, and is now at work on the plans for the new liuilding. The committee feel proud of securing the services of Mr. Loomis. as he has lately made a special study of the Y. M. C. A. buildings located in all the large cities V)etween Kansas City and the Pacific coast, and he is full of new ideas which he will apply to the new building, thus making it the most com- plete in the West. There are three branches of the association here — the lliverview, room 10 Simpson's Block; that at 500 Minnesota Avenue, and that at 503 Kansas Avenue. The general secretary describes the field of labor thus: " The thousands of young men of our city; the mercantile young men of our offices and stores; the young men of our homes; the young men in our large packing houses at Armourdale and old Kansas City; the railroad men at Armstrong; the German and Swedish young men; the colored young men." The growth of the city for the past few years is not to be com- pared with that of boom towns which rise, flourish and collap.se in a single year. People have kept coming in all the time to engage in profitable business or to obtain employment at respectable wages. The increase in population, according to official statements published by the department of State, has been rapid and steady. The value of real estate changing hands has been constantly increasing, until in ISSy it was only a few thousand below if 10, 000,000, and this without any sign of wild -cat speculation. There has never been anything to equal the building here. Magnificent churches and school buildings, imposing business blocks, and handsome residences have sprung up on every hand. Over 3,000 buildings, costing in round numbers $4,250,000, were erected in 1889. An army of men have been em- ))loyed in grading and paving the streets, constructing sidewalks, ? 6 ^ -1 3) \ sewers, bridges, culverts and viaducts for the public good. Improve- ments have been made in the street railway lines that insure first-class facilities for rapid transit. The railway companies whose lines enter the city have made extensive improvements in their terminals, and there are now a dozen schemes on foot that will involve an expendi- ture of millions of dollars in the city. In all lines of business there has been the greatest activity. Many new firms came in during the past year to share in the trade, and several magnificent stores were es- tablished. The banks, also, have had a successful career, and local bankers have experienced little difficulty in securing funds for Kansas City, Kas., patrons at reasonably good rates. The progress since con- solidation has been remarkable, but the signs betoken even greater achievements for the future. Capitalists and business men have learned of the city's natural advantages and of the fact that there is no better field for safe investments. Kansas City, Kas.-, contains the bulk of those manufacturing interests which are the back bone of the two cities — the packing interests. The packing interests not only were the origin of Chicago's growth, but made her the queen of the West; so have the same interests made Kansas City her rival, and these packing-houses are located on the Kansas side of the line. What drew the packing men here was the Kansas and Missouri Rivers, into whose immense bosoms they could unload their offal with impunity, although to day this is not such a necessary consideration, as all the offal is now worked up into some marketable commodity. Kansas City, Kas., to-day is growing faster, not only than Kansas City, Mo., but than any other city in the West. It is about the only one of them all that was not disappointed by the census of 18'J0. When the great "boom," which was headed by the enterprise and energy of Kansas City, Mo., visiting this whole Western country, had subsided, Kansas City, Kas., did not pause in her onward march, partly because the packing- houses, dependent for their supply on the whole country west to the Rockies and south into Mexico, and drawing their custom from the world, continued to increase their busi- ness, every year cheapening the manipulation and bettering the quality of their products. The world has been calling recently for cheaper beef and better pork; Kansas City has nerved herself to supply these wants, and to-day disputes with Chicago her supremacy as the cattle and hog center of the United States. This is the principal reason for the continued growth of Kansas City, Kas. Another reason has been the city's wonderful real estate trade. jje 408 HISTORY OF KANSAS. As a manufacturing center, Kansas City leads all other cities in Kansas. The combined manufacturing capital of Topeka, Wichita, Leavenworth, Atchison and Fort vScott is not as large as that of Kan- sas City, if the reports of the State Bureau of Statistics are to be re- lied upon. Not only this, but of all the manufacturing in the State, more than one-third is done in Kansas City. This is, perhaps, sur- prising, but it is true. Under the forthcoming reports of Hon. Frank Betton, the State statistician, which is now in the hands of the printer, the figures representing the business of forty two of the leading estab- lishments in this city are given as follows: Capital employed $13,118,000 Value of year's product 36,300.000 Cosi of raw material 32,388,000 Amount paid for labor 3.554,000 Average number of employes 4,936 These forty-two manufactories do not include the immense shops of the several railway lines having terminals in this city, which give em- ployment to 3,500 men, whose annual wages amount to about $2,000,- 000. Wonderful developments in the manufacturing industry were made during 1889 by the expenditure of almost 11,000,000 in the erec- tion of new establishments and in increasing the capacity of the older ones. The great Turner Smelter, west of the city, will employ from 400 to 500 men when under operation, and the annual product will amount to almost $2,000,000. The immense additions made by Swift & Co. to their dressed beef plant, the operation of a for some time idle plant by the Kansas City Packing Company, and the improvements made by other packers, will also increase the product and give employ- ment to several hundred more men. The Turner Furniture Factory has also been started, with twenty-five men employed. The Kansas City Glue Works and the Kansas City Desiccating Works have also been rebuilt, while other smaller manufactories have been started the past year that will add materially to the volume of manufactured products sent out from this city. The various industries and the num- ber of each in the county are herewith given with considerable accuracy : Cement works, 2; corrugated iron, 1; radiator works, 1; silver smelter, 1; terra cotta works, 1; brick clay, -t; basket and box factories, 3; broom factories, 3; clothing factory, 1; cooperage, 2; desiccating works, 3; foundries and machine shops, 6; gas works, 1; harness factory, 1; haystackers, l;oil, 1; packinghouses, 8; planing mills, 3; soap fac- tories, 3; soda water factory, 1; stock-yards, 1; vinegar works, 2; ^= ^ wagon shop, 1; wooJenware company, 1; iron bridge works, 2; wire works, 1 ; flour mills, 2. As Kansas City has come to rival Chicago as a cattle market, so is she ambitious to vie with her in handling grain. The Rock Island Railway has been the first to take advantage of the opportunity afforded by the bottom lands for the erection of elevators, and the past winter completed, at the intersection of Packard Avenue and its tracks, one of the largest elevators in the State, 40x100 feet, with a net ca- pacity of 125.000 bushels, at a cost of 160,000. It will not be used for storage purposes, but simply for transfer business. The location IS excellent for convenient transferring, and the connections with other roads from the interior of Kansas and switching facilities are good. One of the wealthiest men of Kansas City, Mo., has under contem- plation the erection of an elevator, to cost 1300,000, on a piece of property he owns between the Keystone Iron Works and the yards of the Missouri Pacific Railway. The building will be stupendous in size, and will be fitted with the most improved machinery of the age. The old screen process for loading and unloading cars will be done away with, and the "suction " process adopted. It will be ready it is hoped, for 1890 crops. Early in the summer of 1890 a local paper published the following: " The superstructure for the immense grain elevator on Carr Avenue was commenced yesterday. Fifty men were placed at work on the building. The foundation, which has been com- pleted, is 200x100 feet, and seventy-five carloads of stone were used m Its constriiction. The building will be a mammoth structure— 165 feet high above the foundation. It will take 400,000 bricks to build the smoke-stack. There will be 136 grain bins in the elevator. Twenty-five carloads of lumber were received yesterday, but it will take 300 carloads more to complete the great building. " As soon as one story is completed, the machinery for that part of the building will at once be placed in position, so as to avoid the delay usually suffered in getting the machinery in position. It is promised, and most confi- dently expected, that the elevator will be in operation August 15. An army of men will be employed in the construction of the building." About the same time a Kansas City, Mo , paper thus referred to a probable addition to Kansas City's milling facilities: "Negotiations are pending for the erection of a mammoth flour- ing-mill in the Sixth Ward, between the Union Pacific and Rock Is land yards. It is stated that the same parties that are interested in the big elevator on Carr Avenue belong to this compaay. The con- tract will probably be awarded next week, and the mill will be ready for operation by January 1." Another reference was the following: "The announcement in the Times yesterday morning that a large flouring-mill would be located on the south side right away was the talk of the town yesterday. It was stated more authoritatively yester- day that Pillsbury, the flour king of the nation, would locate a flouring mill in the city within four months, with a capacity of 1,000 barrels per day. The location will be within a stone's throw of the immense elevator being erected by Pillsbury and other.s, near the Swift packinghouse. Since the English capitalists bought out Pillsbury at Minneapolis, he has had his eye upon Kansas City. Pillsbury realized that Kansas City, with a tributary wheat country, unexcelled in the world, well drained by a network of railroads, was the point for the building up of vast flouring interests. "The erection of the 1,500,000-bushel grain elevator was the first step in his plan to make this the milling point of the West, and the next will be the erection of the flour jilant. From a reliable source it is learned that the mill will cost between $300,000 and 1400,000." Another paper said: "There are good prospects, as the result of recent agitation, of Kansas City soon becoming a milling center of prominence. She is at the gateway of a great wheat-producing region, and the establishment of large flouring-mills here is looked upon as a business venture sure and safe. One thing which has held back de- velopment in this line has been the absence of equitable freight rates, something which promises soon to be remedied." Time only will reveal the history of these and other projects to enchance Kansas City's wealth and importance; but that all now talked of, or others, in some respects better, will in due time be car- ried forward, can not be doubted. Such enterprises are the marks of the giant strides of the city during the wonderful era succeeding the municipal consolidation. The sun never shone on a day more auspi- cious than that of the consolidation, which foretold the accomplishments of glorious progress and indomitable effort, manifest in the develop- ment of Kansas City, Kas. , during the past few years. All conditions have been met and dealt with in a manner betokening courage, enter- prise and wisdom. The citizens have counseled together for a general good; an organized movement has taken the place of single efforts; a sphere of usefulness has shown itself to every man, woman and child ^■. 'F ^1^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 411 in tbe city, and all this for a cause of vast proportions, that of build- ing up a great city. The march of improvement has been rapid and uninterrupted. It was accelerated during those years leading up to the pinnacle of the glories of the boom, which began to go the way of all earth in 1887; it did not falter afterward, and now is being persevered in with such success as to astonish all beholders. It is sweeping everything before it. Kansas City is in all things head and shoulders above any other city in tbe State; in some things she forges ahead of almost any other city anywhere. Capital, in seeking its proper and legitimate channels, has begged for admission here at low rates and has not been denied. The flood gates are open, and at every hand the carvings of skilled labor can be seen and identified as the enterprise and pluck of some righteous citizen. The tradesmen of the city all speak of the past few years in words of praise, as times have been good and their trade in- creased by new population. Fewer failures are to be recorded against Kansas City, according to population and capital employed, than any city in the West. The manufacturing enterprises of the city are well located, and prosperity has been the portion of every one of them from their incipiency to the present. One peculiar fact of all such estab- lishments located in the metropolis of Kansas, is that, no matter on how small a scale they have started, there is not one of them but has been enlarged to meet greater demands. Kansas City, since the con- solidation, has bad no rival in tbe way of building, and tbe result each year shows an enormous increase over any former year in the history of the city. Homes free from the environment of intemperance is tbe inspiration of the Kansas City, Mo., man who builds his domicile here, and quick transportation between tbe two cities facilitates this manner of living to tbe fullest extent. A home in Kansas City, Kas., means also to the Kansas City, Mo. , man, lower taxes, with equally as tine lo- cation, as good neighbors, as good schools, as well appoiuted churches as are to be found on the other side of the State line. The twentieth volume of tbe Hoye, Kansas City, Kas., Directory, contains a good deal of information concerning this city, of which tbe following are excerpts: " Tbe situation of Kansas City, Kas , marks it pre-eminently as a manufacturing center, and tbe railroads are quick to see this and, whilst serving their own interests, are helping to foster this branch of com- merce. Among tbe various industries located here are cement works, corrugated iron works, terra cotta works, basket and box factories, \p 6 r- -^ e|\' ^\\' 412 HISTORY OF KANSAS. broom factories, clothing factory, cooperage, desiccating works, found- ries and machine shops, harness factory, hay stackers, planing-mills, soap factories, soda water and vinegar works, wagon shop, wire works, flour-mills, woodenware and iron bridge works. The amount of money invested in manufacturing plants is estimated at $14,000,000, the value of products $36,000,000, and the amount of pay roll for employes, $2,500,000. " The number of new buildings erected during 1889 reached 3,000, at a cost of $5,000,000, and the prospects for a considerable increase in these figures are encouraging. Public improvements have kept pace with the times, and the municipal authorities seem fully alive to the importance of the situation, as is evidenced by the grading of six and one-half miles of street during 1889 at a cost of $100,000, and the paving of seven miles with cedar blocks, brick and asphaltum, and the curbing of seven miles, all this, of course, exclusive of the same class of work done by private individuals. The city now has twenty-three miles of paved streets, is lighted by electricity, has the Holly system of water works with a capacity of 60,000,000 gallons per day, and her track mileage in street railways consists of fifteen miles of double track and twenty miles of single." Of the packing-houses it says: "The record of this industry is unparalleled in the history of commerce, and it is no wonder that the figures and statistics relating thereto furnish relishing food for the perusal of all those profiting by the trade. During the year just passed there were packed 499,383 cattle against 360,252 for the pre- vious year, an increase due to the fast increasing business done in the shipments of dressed beef, to which reference will be made later. Nearly 500,000 hogs more were killed in 1889 than in 1888, the total reaching the figures 1,715,000, and 200.000 sheep were dispo.sed of in the same time. The export of dressed beef was 74,000,000 pounds in excess of that of 1888, and was represented by 215,444,000 pounds, ficrures which fairly gleam with satisfaction and can not be excelled by any other city in the country. As a manufactured article for shipment, oleomargarine exhibits a phenomenal increase, as the figures for three years will show as follows: 1887, 3,000,000 pounds; 1888, 6,000,000 pounds; 1889, 10,000,000 pounds, and the indications are that the output this year will show a further increase of 100 per cent." " In speaking of the manufacturing interests, the huge smelting works demand a prominent position, for. although situated just out- side the city limits, they belong to Wyandotte County, and are closely e) ' ^ ^ ^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 413 connected to the city by many ties. They are the largest works of the kind in the world, and Kansas City is justly proud of the promi- nence they have attained. Over eighteen acres of ground are used for the concern, and 500 men are employed the year roiind. The com- pany does a yearly business of $18,000,000, and one-fifth of the en- tire silver and lead product of the United States is smelted and handled by this plant, requiring for that purpose about forty-live cars a day. Another company, the National Smelting & Refining Com- pany, has just been organized, and the works are now being erected within a space of thirty acres of ground, of which the buildings will occupy about two acres. This new enterprise will furnish employ- ment for about 300 men at the start. " In order to care for the large and rapidly increasing receipts of grain, it has been found necessary to erect some immense elevators. The Rook Island Railroad has just finished one with a capacity of 125,000 bushels, and a new one is now in the course of erection by some Minnesota parties, which will be capable of holding 1,500,000 bushels, and will be one of the largest in the country. Not to be in the rear ranks of this march to supremacy, the Santa Fe road is mak- ing arrangements to build one that will equal the capacity of the Min- neapolis, so that there will be no danger of any of the grain being diverted for the lack of accommodation. The board of trade is cer- tainly entitled to a great deal of credit for the efforts put forth by it to create a grain market in Kansas City, Kas., and in pursuance of this aim a grain inspector has been appointed, with full powers from the State, the expense being borne by the board. There is no reason in the world why this city should not control the extensive shipments of grain which is raised around it — it passes through here, and no stone should be left unturned in the aim to keep it here and compel the sale to be made where it properly belongs. In a few years this will undoubtedly be done, and the supremacy for the largest grain market west of Chicago will be hotly contested, and remain with the metropolis of one of the greatest grain-producing States of the Union." A huge power company is on the verge of organization in this city, with a capital stock of $1,000,000. The name of the new institution is the Interstate Water & Electric Power Company, of Kansas City, Kas., and the plant is to be established near Muncie. The new cor- poration is backed by leading capitalists, who propose to dam the Kaw River on the east line of Section 21, Township 11, Range 23, and •V *• ^y^ — ^ -^ — ^ K 414 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. fiirnish power to manufactories, and an immense electric light plant. Already 203 acres of land have been purchased at a large cost, 173 acres lying on the north side of the river and thirty acres on the south side. The directors of the company are John B. Colton, Nicholas McAlpine, David N. Carlisle, Robert L. McAlpine and John S. Johns. These gentlemen have taken the scheme in hand after most thorough investigation. The engineers have tested the practicability of the whole matter, and find that the river can be made to furnish a terrific power at this point that will run any amount of machinery. The main object of the company is to put in a plant to supply this electric lighting of the two cities and adjacent towns. The price of the light can be so materially reduced, it is claimed, that fuel fed concerns will have to go out of the business. This same scheme has beeu talked of for years, but no company with an authorized capital has yet been or- ganized. The members of the company feel that they have hit upon a plan to make a big manufacturing place at the point where they have decided upon to dam the river and will enter into the scheme upon a large scale. The people of Kansas City have reason to feel satisfied with the showing made for their city by the census of 1890. In 1880 the territory now occupied by Kansas City included several small towns, and as a consecjuence the consolidated cities did not make an aggre- gate showing in the census. It is likeh' that the territory in question contained a population in 1880 not far in excess of 10,000. The census man unofficially places the population of Kansas City, Kas. , at 40,000, and the official figures will probably substantially eon- firm his estimate. This means that Kansas City, Kas., has gained 30,000 persons in ten years. This is a remarkable record for a city that ten years ago hardly thought of contesting for first place in the great State of Kansas. Kansas City is now in substantially the same situation as was Kansas City, Mo., in 1S80. Her population is prob- ably not 80 large as was that of Kansas City, Mo., but in the matters of public enterprise and public improvement she is easily in better shape than was Kansas City, Mo., in 1880. In 1880 the latter city was deficient in street transportation to a woful degree. Not a foot of cable road was then in existence in this city, and the construction of an inclined plane on Ninth Street down to the railroad station was considered a big undertaking. Progress since that time has been marvelous, but in comjiarison the record for Kansas City, Kas., has been hardly less remarkable. Al. 4.. ^. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. il5 To-day Kansas City, Kas., is in a better situation for rapid growth than was the city on the east side of the Kaw in 1880. No city can develop rapidly and comfortably without adequate street transporta- tion facilities. With the construction of cable lines,Ivansas City, Mo., entered upon her real growth. Poor streets and slow street cars will hold back the progress of the most promising city. The people of New York City realize that rapid transit is an absolute necessity for their great metropolis. Kansas City, Kas., is already enjoying the advantages of modern street transit systems. She has only to add to her present facilities to keep pace with the demands of her expanding limits. In the direction of street paving and improvements, Kansas City, Kas.. holds an advantageous position. Her people have been exceed- ingly liberal ia the matter of public improvements, and they have not been over-contident. Eesults have justified their liberality, and the future is exceedingly promising. With the advantages indicated and the tendency of large manufacturing enterprises at this point to locate west of the Kaw, it seems certain that Kansas City can look forward to the census of 1900 with favorable anticipation. The next ten years will be years of wonderful activity and prosperity. The population to- day is a working population, actively engaged in enterprises which are building up a great city. Three thousand buildings were erected during the year 1889 to keep pace with this growth, at a cost of $5,- 000.000. The amount of money now invested in manufacturing plants is $14,000,000, the value of their products is 136,000,000, and their pay-roll amounts to $2,500,000. The people of Kansas City pay taxes on property the assessed valuation of which is $8,- 425,629. This is about twenty-five per cent of the real valuation. The tax rolls for 1889 show the assessed valuation of property, as compared with 1888, as follows: 1889. 1888. Lands §2.187,290 $3,166.21.^ Lq,5 .5,123,346 4,891,30.5 Railroad propeny 274.682 234.989 Personal property 839,911 730,87 8 Total valuation 38,425,629 58,023,387 The assessed valuation of all taxable property in Wyandotte Couaty is $11,322,461, and almost eight tenths of this is in the cities of Kansas City, Kas., Rosedale and Argentine, as will be seen by the following: f J^l Kansas City, Kas 18,435.629 Argentine 344,145 Rosedale 197,623 Total $8,967,397 In population, the census of 1890 will show a total for Kansas City of from 40.000 to 45,000. According to the last enumeration, which was in March, the city had a population of 36,279. This is 3,169 more than for the previous year, showing an increase of about ten per cent. If the same rate of increase applies to the year ending March 1, 1890, then the city will have a population of 40,000. The enumerations made by the assessors each year are not considered thorough, but enough is shown to indicate what has been done. The population for the last four years as reported by assessors is as fol- lows: 1886, 21,299; 1887, 25,066; 1888, 33,110; 1889, 36,279. It is quite fair to assume that if the cities of Argentine and Rosedale, which both adjoin the city on the south, whose interests are in com- mon with those of Kansas City, were annexed, the city at the mouth of the Kaw, on the Kansas side of the line, would have a population of 50,000. The question of annexation has been one of the grave sub- jects under discussion, but thus far has not assumed tangible form. But great as has been the progress of Kansas City during the past few years, it is growing now faster than ever before. It is one of the phenomenal cities of the West, and, with its Missouri namesake, forms the metropolis of the Southwest, the most important business center west of Chicago. There are many thoughtless people who would be surprised, and a few thoughtful ones who would not, could they now behold the figures representing the population of Kansas City in 1900, While proud of forming a part of the metropolis of Kansas, Armourdale is and was so much of herself, and has so much individu- ality and so many distinctive features, that some special mention of her will be welcome here. The words "onward" and "progress" attach themselves to Armourdale in their every conceivable definition, and she is steadily marching onward from the Kansas Avenue bridge to the county bridge, and spreading both north and south to cover wide acres of land with immense manufactures, packing-houses, eleva- tors, railway shops, foundries, tine stores and public and private buildings. Not only are these mammoth improvements noticed by all who visit the city, but their perfectly metropolitan system, the miles of evenly blocked streets, elegantly equipped electric street cars, per- ^. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 417 feet sewerage, tine sidewalks, electric lights, fire department, police force, telephone communication, churches, public schools, halls, banks, etc., impress the stranger at once. The building improvements of the pa.st year have been far larger than any ^jrevious one, amounting in all to $504,500; and the city improvements for the year amount to $102,000, making a grand total of $606,000. One of the greatest conveniences that Armourdale has is the electric street ear system. A few minutes takes one to West Kansas, Mo., and the stock-yards, while from ten to fifteen minutes places one in the business por- tion of Kansas City, Mo. It is believed that before the close of 1890 direct communication by dummy, cable or electricity will be had between here and the west end of Argentine, and with the Wyandotte County court-house and vicinity; also to Rosedale, Westport and Kansas City, Mo., by cable, over the Eighth Street bridge. Within the last few years the population has increased wonderfully. In 1888 the population here was 5,9-12; in the sirring of 1889 it increased to 7,102, and at present it is about 10,000. which, of course, includes the new territory. The number of men now finding employment here is about 6,000; while the value of real estate has so increased that it is estimated at lowest figures to be from $25,000,000 to $30,000,000. What has caused this immense increase is the steady demand by man- ufacturers for property here, it being so finely situated, both as regards river frontage and switching facilities. The mayor's message, under date of April 22, 1890. contains so much of interest in connection with the present status of Kansas City and the wonderful advancement of all her interests that it is appended : " To the Honorable Members of the Council of the city of Kansas City, Kas. Gestleme.n: When I assumed the duties of my office, one year since. I briefly called the council's attention to some changes that would facilitate the transaction of the city's business. Much has been done, but many matters remain to be completed, and I now wish to emphasize what, in my opinion, is a wise course and policy for the present council to pursire. "In the past year we expended for public improvements as follows: ^^ ^I^ 418 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Grading streets f 105, 687 41 Curbing and paving streets 269.905 78 Constructing sewers in districts 84.733 06 Constructing public sewers 86.736 5-1 Constructing and repairing bridges 48.746 67 Opening and widening streets 27.075 00 JIarlvet house 2,700 00 Total 1627,447 47 " lu the expenditure of this large stim of money the council has been especially careful, economical and prudent. The improvements made are all of a permanent nature, and add to our material welfare and wealth. The low prices of labor and material favored the city to some extent, but I think that the prompt dispatch of the public busi- ness and the certainty of payment for work done had much to do with the low prices secured. The strict compliance with its contracts, and the faithful carrying out of its agreements on the part of the city, commends itself to bidders, and is equal to a guarantee that their small margins will not be eaten up by unnecessary delays. From the en- gineer's report, I learn that our grading was done for thirty per cent less, our paving for twenty six per cent less, our curbing for forty per cent less and our sewers constructed for twenty-live per cent less, than in the year previous. Calciilating on this basis, the §600,000 expended in the past year accomplished more than 1800,000 would have done at former prices paid by the city. " Internal improvement bonds were issued for most of the work done. Prior to my term of office $1,051,000 in bonds had been issued by the consolidated city, .SOOljOOO of which bore interest at the rate of seven per cent per annum. From the sale of these bonds the city realized only $2,481.25 in premiums paid. During my term of office there have been issued bonds of the city to the amount of $610,208.8-1 bearing only six per cent interest per annum, on which I secured to the city premiums to the amount of $6,442.91. This was a saving to the city for the first year of one per cent interest amounting to $6,102.08, and the difPerenee in premiums on a smaller sum of bonds sold of 13,- 961.66. Total for the first year, $10,063.7-1:; and a saving annually of one per cent on the bonds outstanding, amounting to more than $25,000 additional. This of itself to me seems a splendid showing, and should commend the administration to the tax- payers of the city. '•Besides this, the council wisely resolved to deposit the public funds in various banks of our city, at such rates as might be agreed » - - '3 ^ ^ 6 r~ -^ efV WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 419 upon. From this source alone the city derived a revenue during the past year of $3,545.04. This is a clear gain to the city, as heretofore not a dollar was received by the city from this source. This interest is oppressive to no one, as it comes from those who have profited by the use of the city's money. " The construction of sub-sewers seems to me to be one of the first coQsiderations for the council. This city has gone to great expense in constructing sewers, having expended already more than $200,000, $86,000 of which is a charge upon the city at large. Every oppor- tunity should be given the citizens and tax -payers to make use of the sewers built with this money, and I would therefore urge that, in the matter of public improvements, the first consideration be given to sub- sewers. Furthermore, I think it would be wise to employ competent mechanics under the direction of the street commissioner's depart- ment, to see that these sewers are kept open and in proper rej)air. " Next in order I place the curbing and paving of streets. In this matter, my idea is to make haste slowly. We have so many streets alreadj' paved that we can well take our time. Thoroughfares should receive our first attention, after which we should improve connecting streets, and lastly those not connected with our paved system. The council has already ordered a large amount of paving and curbing to be done this year. We have now under contract the followiQg thor- oughfares: Central Avenue, which when completed will make a con- tinuous paved street from east to west through the center of our city; Seventh Street when completed will make a continuous paved street through the center of our city from north to south; Fourth Street from Minnesota Avenue to Ferry Street, Reynolds Avenue from Fifth Street to point west of Grandview. Northriip Avenue from Fifth Street to Seventh Street, Troup Avenue from Fifth Street to Sixth Street, Min- nesota Avenue from Eighth Street to Eighteenth Street, part of which work the council will no doubt order to be delayed till 1891. What with paving these streets and paving the connecting blocks that will be ordered from time to time, the council will make a sufficient show- ing in the paving line. As to what pavement is most desirable, I think the kind asked for by the resident property owners should be given the preference. Our lowest macadam contract let so far was on Sev- enth Street from Parallel Avenue to Quindaro Boulevard at 96.j cents per square yard. Our lowest cedar block was on Osage Avenue from Adams Street to First Street at $1.32^^,3 per square yard. Our lowest brick on concrete on Tauromee Avenue from Sixth Street to Seventh i fy -^ K^ street at 11.93 per square yard. Asphalt (one price) at $2.80 per square yard on new concrete and on macadam at 12. 30. "In my opinion the grading of streets is the least urgent of our public improvements. It were better that all were reduced or raised to the proper grade. Most any citizen with a little energy could se- cure a petition of the kind that have been presented and passed through our council, to grade any ungraded street or alley in our city. If the councilmen deem it a duty devolving upon them to grant such petitions, and no questions asked or without reference to any committee to inquire into the immediate necessity for such grading, or the public benefit to be derived therefrom, then the business of the council is at the mercy of any citizen who is willing to go after signatures. My opinion is that work of this kind should be considered in the light of all other improvements, and that before granting a petition, the same should be referred to the committee on streets and grades, and be given the same consideration that is given other matters referred. That committee did excellent work in the past year, and can do good work in properly assorting petitions for the grading of streets and recom- mending only such as are most necessary. Whether ' according to the petition' or 'by the block' is still an open question, and until our Sujjreme Court speaks, our system of apportioning the cost should remain as it stands. I wish to state further that I shall not give my consent, knowingly, to the grading of any street, where the value of the abutting property is not sufficient to pay the cost of such grading. " With the completion of the Seventh Street viaduct, the various portions of our consolidated city will be permanently connected. This will be some time in June of this year. With the comple- tion of the Eighth Street bridge across the Kansas Kiver, that por- tion of our city lying south of the river and added by extension will be connected. This work is being done by the county, but the south approach will be built by the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Eail- way, under contract to be made with the city. The repair of the Central Avenue (formerly Riverview) bridge is a much needed improve- ment, and the contract for the same has already been let. It devolves upon the council to see that the work is properly done. The Missouri Pacific viaduct is another work that has already been ordered and con- tracted for, and the same will be begun at once. I think that the council should take immediate steps to arrange for the construction of the approaches. Heretofore there has been some difference of opin- ion as to the course to pursue in the matter, but the former coun- WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 421 cil having ordered the change of grade for the viaduct, and entered into contract for its eonstrnction across the Missouri Pacitic lands, there remains to this council the necessity of providing the approaches in order to utilize the same. Our contract with the company calls for a vacation of the street through its lands as soon as the viaduct is completed. I have never swerved from my original opinion, that the construction of this viaduct is a great benefit, and will largely tend to the development of the central portion of our city. While there can be and were honest differences of opinion as to who should bear the ex- pense of this work, I think we can all agree upon the necessity of a viaduct at this point. To me it seems that the cost is not unfairly apportioned, considering what we are getting by the transaction and hope to profit in the future through the improvements to be made by the company. Seven suits against the city are di-opped by this action of the council. '■ The street department has cost the city fully $10,000 less than in the fonner years, and though we had unprecedented rains in the early part of last year, and many newly graded streets to put in repair, the showing is excellent for this department. ■' The efficiency of the fire department has shown itself in many instances. The pay roll is the same as in former years, but the mis- cellaneous expenditures have been materially reduced. In this con- nection I wish to urge upon the council the necessity of establishing a public tire-alarm system as soon as our resources will permit. The private alarms are doing excellent service, and must serve our needs till a public system can be established. In addition, I wish to impress npon the council the necessity of making proper arrangements for the iise of the market house. With a small beginning in the way of ten- ants it can soon be made to serve the purposes for which it was in- tended. A fire-proof vault should be constructed in the city hall. The cost and value of our public records require this to be done at once. Three public scales should be established and located in three parts of our city. This is a public need, besides being a source of some revenue. I think it advisable that the jail at the James Street Station be removed from the basement and placed on the second floor of that building. The reasons for this change are many and ap- parent to any one inspecting that building. The time has come when something should be done toward improving the two parks of our city. Shawnee Park is already presenting a neat apjiearance, but Huron Place is still the street commissioners' dumping ground. The city te ^ ^ 422 HISTORY OF KANSAS. should take steps to secure the school building on this site, and turn the same into a public library. "A year ago I suggested the advisability of having our ordinances compiled and printed in book form. That work would have been ac- complished long since, had not the city kept up an incessant grind. From the 10th day of April, 1889, to the 4th day of April, 1890, 558 ordinances were passed and approved. The city attorney tells me he has the compilation nearly completed, and before long the council will be called upon to provide for this most needed publication. "I desire especially to extend my sincere thanks to Benjamin Schnierle, city clerk, for the efficient manner in which his office has been conducted, having at all times a knowledge of the details of his office at his command, and the records in a good condition. The work of his office has been greater than in any former year, and was done at a minimum cost. I feel that in him the mayor and council have had a valuable assistant. ' ' The city has done well and been extremely liberal in the ordering of public improvements. Every j^art of our city has received the benefit of some improvement in the shape of grading, curbing and paving streets, and the construction of sewers, and it would be wise and proper at this time to put on the brakes and slacken our speed. We should confine our public improvements so that the total cost of the same should come within a certain amount. Let the council fix by resolution some limit to the amount of bonds to be issued during the ensuing year. You have outstanding more than a million and a half of internal improvement bonds. Less than half the amount of pub- lic improvements made in the past year will more than suffice to keep laborers employed, and will meet all the immediate requirements of the public. This is a matter worthy of your careful consideration, and upon this point of curtailing the amount to be expended in public im- provements I wish to be especially plain and emphatic. I trust that our official intercourse in the future may be as pleasant as in the past, and that we shall give our city a fearless, honest, earnest and progres- sive administration." *^S^* ^« WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 423 CHAPTER XXI, City Institutions of the Consolidated Cities— Othei: Institu- tions OF Public Benefit— Police Department— The Fire De- partment—The Board of Trade— The Post-office— Electric Lighting — The Fremont Street and Reynolds Avenue Market House— St. Margaret's Hospital— The Kansas Institution for THE Education of the Blind — Headquarters of the Kansas Farmers' Alliance— Hotels, Past and Present— Secret and Be- nevolent Orders. Thus from the time we first begin to know. We live and learn, but not the wiser grow. — Pomfret. //iINCE the consolidaHon, the police department has been headed as follows: City marshal, John Sheehan, April, 1886, to April, 1887; chief of police, O. K. Serviss, April, 1887, to April, 1889. The beginning of 1 889 found the police depart- ment of the city under the well directed manage- ment of Chief O. K. Serviss, who retired from tnis responsible position on April 9, after two years of faithfiil service to the city, and was superseded by S. S. Peterson, who has skillfully maintained the peace and dignity of the city. The police department of the city is self-supporting, owing to the efliciency and in- telligence with which each department is managed. Few improvements are needed to make Kansas City the best protected city in the West. At present the mount- ed police force is rather small, but the department has under consideration a material enlargement of this branch of the department during the ensuing year. The table of tines imposed and collected during the past year will be looked at with in terest, they showing the volume of business transacted: ^ ^1 424 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. Fines im- Fines col- posed, lected. January . . February... March .... April May June July August. . . . September October. . . November . December. , 208 !S 126 148 169 276 255 ' 267 I 343 I 238 US 189 204 2,321 00 f 1,662 00 2.167 00 2.168 00 3.346 00 4,281 00 4,751 50! 3,659 50: 2,640 50i 3,981 50 4,113 00 4,000 00 1,231 50 965 00 1,334 50 1,389 00 2,370 50 3,583 50 4,015 00 2,. 506 00 1,778 50 3,295 50 3.395 00 3,000 00 Total 2,691 $39,091 00|28,96400 The board of police commissioners has been ever alert to the needs of the department. The executive department is under Judge P. K. Leland, who handles the reins of justice so skillfully and with such equity as to leave his office standing high and clear above reproach. Chief S. S. Peterson, after the retirement of ex-Chief O. K. Serviss, was picked upon as the man for the place, owing to his peculiar fit- ness for, not onlj' the control of men, but his kno^vledge of how to deal with the element coming under his supervision. The several gen- tlemen who serve immediately under him are Capt. J. E. Porter, Secretary of Department Harry Gilley and Thomas Cahill. chief of the city detective bureau. The five sergeants now in charge of the different city departments of the police service are men who have worked up from the ranks, and know from actual experience how to deal with the classes that are brought before them. The following list shows the composition of the Metropolitan police force of Kansas City: Board of police commissioners — W. X. Simpson, president; J. W. Longfel low, secretary; George Bishop. Executive oflicers — P. K. Leland, police judge; S. S. Peterson, chief of police; J. E. Porter, captain; Harry Gilley, secretary of police department; Thomas Cahill, chief of detective bureau; George Jillich, assistant to chief of detective bureau. Sergeants — H. J. ScherfF, Thomas E. Tarpley, George North, S. J. Meluney. L. B. Roach. Station officers — H. C. Hover, sanitary sergeant; C. C. Edmonds, driver; Edward Horley, jailor. Patrol- men—Thomas G. Muir, B. F. Tillery, Stephen Pilont, Dan Stanley, R. H. Thompson, George Noah, Thomas P. Shelton, Jesse Williams, L. Ikerd, Ord Rogers, C. E. Reynolds, C. C. Hedwick, F. M. Schuler. J. S. King, O. N. Herrod, J. T. Young, John Kelley, Olat Julian, F. ^: ^nr '-^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 425 S. Cogswell, W. J. Butler, S. Browa, E. Harris. Police Station No, 1 is located oa the corner of Sixth Street and Armstrong Avenue ; No 2, at the corner of James Street and Lyon .I venue; No. 8, at the cor ner of Fifth Street and Kansas Avenue. City jails are located at City Hall, at James Street Station, and at the Fire Department Building No. 3, Armourdale. The chiefs of the lire department since the consolidation have been Fire marshal, J. K Paul, April, 188t), to April, 1889; Mr. W. J. Hill, chief of fire department, superseded Mr. Paul, June 1, 1889, and now has charge of this important adjunct of the city government. The fire service of Kansas City is composed of four companies, three hose carts and one hook and ladder crew. There are seventeen fire- men in regular service and three watch boys, whom, together with Chief Hill, compose the corps which has saved many njillions of dol- lars worth of property since the date mentioned. From June 1 to December 28 the department was called out to seventy-three fires, several of which were among the largest in the history of either of the Kansas Cities. The books show that within the half year upward of 31,000 feet of hose was laid, and the number of miles traveled by the different fire apparatus to and from tires was 375, only twenty-five miles less than the entire length of the State of Kansas. During the same period the total losses by fire amounted to 1235,680, upon which was insurance to the amount of $1,500,000. When it is remembered that the greatest fires of the year were at the packing-houses, and that the packing-houses lie in remote districts from the department, it is wonderful how the losses could be kept within such nominal bounds. Scarcely one of the packing-houses has escaped unscathed by the fiery element during the past year, and as the perfection of the department has increased the losses have decreased. The young men now in the employ of this department deserve especial praise, as not only do they earn their pay by honest effort, but they gain proficiency and accuracy of detail by drilling themselves at intervals of rest. The list of names and the respective positions occupied by the firemen of the city are subjoined: Chief, AV. J. Hill; assistant chief, Charles E. Strus; sec- retary, William McConnell. Station No. 1, City Hall — James P. Ball, foreman hose reel No. 1 ; Henry S. Shiller, driver and assistant foreman; Howard McGruder, John Haley, hosemen; Sidney Whisner, foreman of hook and ladder wagon; Allan Swanson, driver; Joseph Mercier, ladderman; Walter Gille, watch boy. Station No. 2, corner old Fifth and James Streets — John Queen, foreman: John Casey, -^J ^1 ^ 426 HISTORY OF KANSAS. driver; John Conlin, James Phelan, hosemen; Eichard Morrisey, watch boy. Station No. 3, Eighth Street, between Kansas and Shaw- nee Avenues— John Connors, foreman; Larkin Norman, driver; John E. Kerr, Napoleon Burlingame, hosemen; Charlie King, watch boy. Ten horses valued at $3,000 are utilized by the city in this depart- ment. The best fire horses are at Station No. 1, and they are as per feet as humans in their attention to duties. The total cost of all apparatus in use is less than 120,000. A combined hook and ladder truck patented by Chief Hill is in use, and has extension ladders and sufficient balance to throw a stream of water down into the tallest building in the city. The department owns 4,250 feet of hose and four hose reels, all of which are kept in first-class order. Kansas City has almost the quickest automatic harness holders in the country, and some records of runs have been made that challenge the achieve- ments of fire departments the world over. The harness and its rack all work without electric aid and are purely automatic. This arrange- ment is also a patent of Chief Hill's, who seems to have been born to make a record in this line. The board of trade is an active body of over 600 members, work- ing effectively for the city's advancement. It has done much to estab- lish Kansas City's claims to possession of the great packing and other manufacturing interests which Kansas City, Mo., would like the world to believe were hers; to mold the cities of which Kansas City is com- posed into one ; to encourage the dropping of old names and the oblit- eration of old landmarks; and to secure to the city her just rights. By its solicitation, the packers now brand their goods ' ' Kansas City, Kas." It has been seen that telegraph, express, telephone companies and the post-office recognize the name. It assisted in the scheme of properly numbering and naming the streets to secure uniformity. It aided in the project of reclaiming the levee on the river front; it has been influential in locating great industries here, and in opening up Oklahoma Territory it took a prominent part. Probably the most prompt and effective work lately done by the board was in the matter of securing a favorable ruling from Secretary Windom in the matter of tariff rates on importations of silver and lead ores from Mexico into the United States. This favorable decision was of great advantage to the smelters at Argentine, and the one recently put in operation at the new town of Lovelace. An attempt was being made by the Colorado mining interests to obtain a ruling which would virtually prevent the importation of Mexican ores. This would have been a blow at the ^ L^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 427 smelting interests at this point, which, to be successful, must have access to the ore markets of Mexico. If the precedent thus established is maintained, and it no doubt will be, it will result in this point be- cominor the greatest smelting and refining center in the world. Dur- ing the past two years the board has cultivated a friendly feeling be- tween the business men of the two Kansas Cities that never existed before. It has on different occasions been the guests of the Commer- cial Club, of Kansas City, Mo., and in turn has entertained the gentlemen from the Missouri side. In doing all this, and much more, it has given Kansas City a vast amount of advertising, which is result- ing beneficially. The present board of trade was organized March 19, 1884. It was then known as the Union Board of Trade of Wyandotte, old Kansas City, Kas. , and Armoardale. It was largely instrumental in bringing about a consolidation of the three cities in 188(). Aside from this it was not particularly active until 1887, when it began the useful career that has been briefly sketched above. The board occupies new quarters in the Gazette building, which have been nicely fitted up, and make a commodious and comfortable meeting place for the organization, and for the business men of the city and county, as well as visitors from abroad. Its officers are: J. D. Cruise, president; F. S. Merstetter, vice-president; D. W. Troup, secretary. Some time ago a bill was introduced in Congress asking for an ap- propriation of $250,000 for the erection of a public building in this city. Hon. James H. Winram. supervising architect of Washington, wrote Postmaster Serviss for information regarding the amount of postal business transacted in this city. Mr. Serviss jjrepared a care- ful report and then forwarded it to Washington, D. C. The report shows the amount of business transacted in the post-office in 1888 to be $22,229. against |-').0()0 for the year 1878. There are at present nineteen clerks employed in the office. The number of square feet occupied by the new office is 3,600, while the postmaster claims that 6,000 square feet is needed for the present postal business. He estimates the number of square feet needed to provide for the pros- pective postal increase in the nest ten years at 20,000. The rent now paid for post-office accommodations, including light, water and fuel, is $100 per month. The other Government offices here are United States commissioner and examiner of pensions. Ample room should be made in the new building for an United States court, which is needed very badly, and also room for the offices named above, be- sides others that may be required in the near future incidental to the -^ M^ — ^ -* — » hL, 428 HISTORY OF KANSAS. prospective rapid growth of the city, which is now the largest in the State in point of population and leads all largely in the employment of capital and labor. The estimated cost of land central and con- venient in location 1o business and the public, suitable for a site for the building, was set at $350 per front foot. Figures giving the pop- ulation show that in 1878 the city had 6,000 inhabitants, while ten years later, 1888, the population was 37,000. It is estimated that the city now has a population of 40,000. In connection with the amount of postal business transacted in 1888. Mr. Serviss explained that ow- ing to a complicated state of afPairs in postal matters here, which is now undergoing an investigation, and will no doubt be remedied soon, this otBce receives about one-third of the aggregate postal receipts of the city. When the changes are effected the receipts of the office will be increased over three-fold. The postal business last year, which has since largely increased, were only exceeded by one office in the State. That office is Topeka, and the excess is due to the large amount of matter received from the United States and State depart- ments. The business done in the Kansas City, Kas., office in 1889 was 122,229; Armourdale, $12,000, besides the business transacted in the Kansas City, Mo., office which belongs to this side of the line, and can not be handled here until better facilities are afPorded in rapid transit, etc., aggregating $18,000, making a grand total of $52,- 229. The annual report of the superintendent of the free delivery system contains the following information in regard to the carrier system in this city: Delivered — Registered letters, 1,918; letters, 1,113,613; postal cards, 250,705; newspapers, 677,438. Collected — Local letters, 62,720; mail letters, 1,015,302; local postal cards, 38,- 712; mail postal cards, 218,793; newspapers, etc., 328,793. Pieces handled — Aggregate, 3,707,739; per carrier, 337,522. Cost of serv- ice—Aggregate, $7,804.45; per carrier, 1709. 50; per piece in mills, 2.1; postage on local matter $4,020.88. The above only represents the carrier business, but when the office business is added the total will be: Delivered — Registered letters, 2,657; letters, 1,513,613; pos- tal cards, 333,705; newspapers, 903,438. Collected— Local letters. 83,627; mail letters, 1,353,736; local postal cards, 49,616; mail pos- tal cards, 291,375. Pieces handled— Aggregate, 4,943,736. Dur- ing the coming year the free delivery system will be extended to the South Side, and the mail for the stock-yards and a number of the large packing- houses, which now passes through Station A, Kansas Citv, Mo., will be handled from this office, where it legitimately I^n .^- belougs, thereby increasing the volume of mail business in this city. The National Water Works Company, which supplies the two Kan- sas Cities, has this year extended its plant and increased its capacity far in excess of present requirements. Its main pumping-house is located at the mouth of the Kaw. The daily pumping ability is 37,000,- 000 gallons. Its settling basins at Quindaro hold 158,000,000 gal- lons. Its stand pipe in Kansas City, Kas., holds 4,000,000 gallons and is higher than any of the houses; it has thirteen miles of water mains in this city and 1,000 consumers. One concern uses 14,000,000 gallons per month, which is more than the entire capacity of the Kan- sas City, Kas., water works in 1886, when they passed into the control of this company. The office of the Kansas City, Kas., branch is on Sixth Street near the city hall, and the local interests of the company are under the management of Mr. R. M. Jones. The Consolidated Electric Light & Power Company was organized in 1888, on a capital of $100,000, with some of the city's best men as its officers: I. D. Wilson, president; Mark Harris, vice-president; Ben Schnierle, secretary; B. Friedberg, treasurer and manager, and F. C. Hatchings, attorney. On February 10, 1889, the city was lit for the first time by electricity, and the company has rapidly in- creased its business. They light the streets with 113 arc lights, and have another 137 taken by private parties; they have over 1,000 in- candescent lights in use in stores, offices and residences. Their plant is located at the corner of Fifth and Central Avenue, in a building 50x70 feet. They use the Excelsior and Westinghonse systems, have eleven dynamos (nine arc, two incandescent), two engines, a 3t30-horse Hamilton-Corliss compound, and a 125-horse Armington Sims; the capacity is about double the present requirements; the company also furnish motor power to factories. Kansas City aspires to commercial greatness, not merely in one or two particular things, but in everything conducive to the upbuild- ing of a great city. The citizens of the county and surrounding terri- tory must be given a thought in order to make each point give up its mite of contribution, to the end that a city of magnitude and wealth might spring up among them. With this in view a large market house has been erected at the corner of Tremont Street and Reynolds Avenue, where every article of production within the limits of travel can have a value placed upon it and be receipted for in gold. Only a portion of the structure is at present in existence, as it has been If^ ^- 430 HISTORY OF KANSAS. thought best to enlarge the edifice, as its capacity was taxed, and though at present large enough to meet present uses, it is safe to say that another wing will necessarily be added within a year. The pres- ent building is 100x40 feet, while the whole building in contemplation is to occupy space to the extent of 100x300 feet, giving Kansas City the largest market house in the West. The perfect system of railway facilities makes it reliably secure that Kansas City is to be the produce mart for the whole country around, where any article of vegetation may be had regardless of season or scarcity. St. Margaret' s Hospital is an institution where charity, in its broad- est and fullest sense, is exemplified, and to it the citizens of Kansas City can point with pardonable pride. The hospital was started a few years ago, and the buildings erected then cost 135, 000. Last year an addition costing about 18,000 was added, and another wing, similar in construction, will complete the front part of the building. There are now rooms for 120 patients. The house is under the charge of the " Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis," whose mother house is in Cincin- nati, they having settled in this country about thirty years ago, coming from Wachen on the Rhine. The hospital is managed on the most lib- eral and most charitable terms possible. An unalterable rule is, " never refuse admission to any patient as long as there is room — provided the sickuess is not contagious. ' No distinction as to creed or nationality is made — room, and room only, is the question. Since its opening 3, 300 patients have been treated. Of that number, as the records will show, hardly one hundred were able to pay their way; the rest were treated gratis. To enable the Sisters to do such an immense work of charity, they rely only on Divine Providence and the charity of the public. The city and county pay for the ambulant cases, including all expenses, about one-fifth what the patients would co-st the city, if it had its own hospital. The citizens feel justly proud of this institution, and will ever be grateful to the founder, Eev. A. Kuhls. The Kansas Institution for the Education of the Blind was located here by three commissioners appointed by the Legislature, upon tea acres of land then near the city of Wyandotte, west thereof about one mile. The land was donated by the city of Wyandotte. The esti- mated value of the property of the State in this institution is : Land, ten acres at $f5,000 per acre, $60,000; building, $80,000; personal property, $11,524; total, $151,524. This institution was opened in September, 1868, vyith seven inmates, under charge of H. H. Sawyer. It was for fourteen years in charge of George H. Miller, then, and ■^ s r- -« ® ""V ' WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 481 now a prominent resident hore, under whose able management it be came one of the leading institiitions of the State. It is now officered as follows: Superintendent. Col. Allen Buckner; matron, Mrs. M. E. Buckner; ruaster of handicraft, T. J. Hays; physician, Fred Speck. The total appropriations and exjienditures for this institution from July 1, 1866, when the lirst outlay became necessary, to July 1, 1889, were: For care and maintenance, and salaries and wages, appropri- ated, .$277,086.50; expended, $271,953.95. For permanent improve- ments, appropriated, $85,449.28; expended, $62,580.28. Nearly 300 pupils have been admitted, of which number thirteen were admitted in 1868, and twelve in 1888. The number of pupils at this time is nearly 100. The smallest number admitted in any one year was four in 1887, the largest, twenty-one in 1886. Forty-five have graduated; only three have died while inmates of the asylum. In recognition of the claims of this point to commercial supremacy over all other points in the State, the headquarters of the Farmers' Alliance of Kansas has recently been removed from Topeka to Kansas City. This measure has aroused considerable interest among business men, and it is the general opinion that the Alliance will prove a valu- able acquisition to the commercial interests of the city. It, has been the custom of the Alliance people to purchase large supplies in Kan- sas City, and the removal of the headquarters to this point will greatly facilitate the work of the body. The reasons for this movement have been thus stated by a member of the Alliance: " The Alliance is a Kansas concern. , We purchase where we can do the best. Bfeing nearer the great markets and having the advantage of seventeen or eighteen great railway lines, we feel that we can do much better here for the people we represent than at any other point in the State.'' The Alliance people have for a long time been shipping their cattle and hogs to Kansas City, which have been disposed of very satisfactorily by their agents, the American Live Stock Commission Company. The history of hotels in Kansas City is not very extensive. It be- gins in the fall of 1855, when Gen. Calhoun brought his surveyor's oflfice to Wyandotte, and opened it in a double-log building, opposite where Dunning Hall now stands. On the site of Dunning HhII was another double-log hut, an Indian hotel, kept by Isaac W. Brown. The winter of 1856-57 was so very severe that ice formed to a great thick- ness, and when the melting weather came, gorged itself in great masses at the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers. The cattish were literally cast out upon the shore in tons. They were cheap food, and the ^. \ '4- laroprietor of this lirst hotel iu AVyaadotte took such undue advantage of the fact, that his guests dubbed the house "The Catdsh Hotel." Thomas J. Barker was then chief cook. Robert Ream, the father of " Vinnie Ream," the famous sculptress, once chief clerk of the sur- veyor's office, kept a hotel which was opened in Silas Armstrong' s brick residence in 1857, by Thomas B. Eldridge. Here the stages started for the West. Mr. Ream soon afterward went to Leaven- worth, where he became landlord of the old Shawnee House. After- ward he went to reside in Washington, where his talented daughter had become so famous. Also, to accommodate the large immigration which came to Wyandotte, Col. F. A. Hunt purchased the old steamboat ' ' St. Paul, ' ' lying at the foot of Washington Avenue, took out her machinery, and fitted the craft up as a hotel and warehouse. Mark W. Delahay, now "Judge," was the active landlord. Shortly afterward the Garno House was completed by Mrs. Hester A. Garno, and became popular witli travelers. The building still stands on the northwest corner of Minnesota Avenue and Third Street, and is kept by E. F. Gillespie. The Hotel Ryus, the leading public house of Wyandotte, and one of the neatest and most agreeably maintained in the State, is situated on Minnesota Avenue, on the line of the Fifth Street and Wyandotte cable road, and in the center of the business district. It is a three- story brick building, substantial in appearance without, and tastefully furnished within. The Ryus was opened June 0, 1882, having been completed by its proprietor, W. H. Ryus, at a cost of |32,00C. The building is 100x123 feet, and has comfortable accommodations for seventy-five guests. Mr. Ryus is an old settler of the county, and one of its most enterprising business men, and in erecting a first-class hotel, he showed his confidence in the continued growth and prosperity of the city. The lessee and manager is Mr. George E. Bell, who has had successful hotel experience in Kansas City, Mo., and elsewhere. Besides, he is an old traveling man, and knows what the traveling public require. Mr. Charles F. Waters is associated with Mr. Bell in the conduct of the Ryus. The principal hotel in Armourdale is the Amourdale House, at 415 Kansas Avenue. The Commercial Hotel, at 811 North Sixth Street, is well patronized. Other well known public houses are the Fifth Street Hotel, the Hotel Normandy, the Mechanics' Hotel and the Metropoli- tan, some of which are more distinctively boarding houses. The Por- ter House, not now open, is a fine building, centrally located. ^. r ^>' WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 433 All is now in readiness for the construction of the large hotel at the corner of Central and Park Avenues, contracted for by the Central Avenue Building Company on June 3. The building, without the ground, is to cost $85,000, and will, when completed, be one of the best appointed edifices in the city. The contract calls for a building four stories high. The first floor is to be used for mercantile and banking purposes, and the second story will contain offices exclusively, while the third and fourth floors will be utilized for hotel purposes and sleeping rooms, and the fourth floor will be iised for the most part for the kitchen and dining hall. The store rooms will face on both avenues and will be built to contain large retail stores. The structure will be provided with elevators. About all of the modern secret and beneficial ciders are represented in Kansas City. In July, A. L. 5854, a dispensation was issued from the Grand Lodge of Missouri to J. M. Cheviagton, W. M. ; M. R. Walker, S. W., and Cyrus Garrett, J. W., authorizing them to meet and work under dispensation. The first meeting under this warrant was held August 11. A. L. 5854, and a lodge of Masons under dispen- sation was duly organized. The officers were installed by Brother Piper, D. G. M. of Missouri. In May, A. L. 5855, a charter was granted from the Grand Lodge of Missouri to M. R. Walker, VV. M. ; Russell Garrett, S. W. ; and Cyrus Garrett. J. W., authorizing them to meet and work under the name of Kansas Lodge No. 153, A. F. & A. M. The first meeting under this charter was held July 27, A. L. 5855. On the 27th of December, following, a meeting of the lodges of the Territory of Kansas was held at Leavenworth, at which the Wyandotte Lodge was represented. At this meeting the Grand Lodge of Kansas was organized. October 20. A. L. 5856, a charter was granted by the Grand Lodge of Kansas to Cyrus Garrett, W. M. ; George C. Van Zandt, S. W., and Henry Garrett, J. W., authorizing them to meet and work under the name of Wyandotte Lodge No. 3, A. F. & A. M. The first meeting under this charter was held February 20, A. L. 5857. The lodge has continued its labors uninter- ruptedly to the present time. Wyandotte Chapter No. 6, R. A. M., was organized in October, 1866. Wyandotte Council, Royal and Select and Super-Excellent Masons, was organized October 18, 1877. Meri- dias Chapter No. 1, O. E. S. , was instituted July 23. 1856. Odd Fellowship was introduced here with the institution of Summunduwot Lodge No. 3, I. O. O. F.. October 7, 1857, with six charter members: Silas Armstrong, Sr., J. A. Fligor, J. H. Miller, I. N. White, t 2il! 434 HISTOBY OF KANSAS. Joseph Eosenwalcl, J. W. Garrett. "Wyandotte Encampment No. 9 was instituted in 1869; Teutonia Lodge No. 68, in January, 1871. Mystic Lodge No. 1, K. of P., was organized with fourteen members February 5, 1880. Fellowship Lodge No. 2 was instituted April 11, 1882. Tauromee Lodge No. 30, A. O. U. W., was organized January 15, 1880. The Ancient Order of Forresters organized here in the same year. The above may be regarded as the pioneer lodges. There are now in the city the above mentioned and other lodges and societies as follows: Masonic — Wyandotte Lodge No. 3, A. F. & A. M., meets every first and third Friday evenings of each month at Masonic Hall, 439 Minnesota Avenue. Henton Gordon is W. M. ; John Bennett, Sec. Armourdale Lodge No. 271 meets every first and third Thursday evenings of each month at hall, Kansas Avenue, southeast corner Sev- enth. J. M. Enochs, W. M. : J. G. Fertig, S. W. ; John Gray, J. W. Kaw Lodge No. 272, A. F. & A. M., meets first and third Wednesday evenings of each month at Masonic Hall, James, northwest corner Third. S. McConnell, W. M. ; H. Dunn, Sec. Meridias Chapter No. 1, O. E. S., meets every second and fourth Tuesday evenihgs of each month at Masonic Hall, 439 Minnesota Avenue. Florence Ericsson, W. M. ; Henry A. Dixon, W. P. ; Nellie Sharpe, Sec. Wyandotte Chapter No. 6, Royal Arch Masons, holds regular meetings on the second and fourth Friday evenings of each mouth at Masonic Hall, 439 Minnesota Avenue. J. W. Ferguson, H. P. ; William Priestly, Sec. Wyandotte Council No. 6, Royal and Select Masters, meets every second Thursday evening of each month at Masonic Hall, 439 Minnesota Avenue. James Snedden, T. I. M. Ivanhoe Commandery No. 21, Knights Templar, meets second and fourth Wednesday even- ings of each month at Masonic Hall, 439 Minnesota Avenue. J. H. Holloway, E. C. ; J. K. Proudfit, Rec. Odd Fellows — Summunduwot Lodge No. 3 meets every Monday evening at Odd Fellows Hall, Sixth, northeast corner Minnesota Ave- nue. H. B. Chandler, N. G. ; W. B. Morgan, V. G. ; W. J. Russell, Sec. Teutonia Lodge No. 68 meets every Tuesday evening at Odd Fellows Hall, Sixth, northeast corner Minnesota Avenue. A. Keller, N. G. ; A. Adler, V. G. ; J. J. Bernhard, Sec. Kaw Valley Lodge No. 315 meets every Friday evening at hall, Osage Avenue, south- west corner Eleventh. J. Wilson, N. G. : E. B. Purel, V. G. ; G. Pu- rel. Sec. Wyandotte Encampment No. 9 meets second and fourth Saturday evenings of each month at Odd Fellows Hall, Sixth, north- ^ (S r- -"« e v ^ east corner Minnesota Avenue. S W. ; E. F. Gloyn, scribe. ■ Knights of Pythias-Grand Lodge o£ Kansas: F. S. Merstetter, J H. Lyons, supreme representatives; G. J. Neubert, G. K. of K. & b. Office 544 North Nebraska Avenue. Wyandotte Division No. 10, Uni- form Rank K. of P., meets second Monday evening of each month, State southwest corner Fifth. H. L. Alden, captain. Armourdale Division No. 32, Uniform Rank, meets every Thursday evening at hall South Kansas Avenue, southeast corner Fourth. C. L Freeman, captain. Pythian Benevolent Association of Kansas, G J Neubert, Sec. and Treas., 544 North Nebraska Avenue. Myrtle Lodcre No. 1 meets every Tuesday evening at hall, 401 Minnesota Avenue. Fellowship Lodge No. 2 meets Thursday evening at hall 401 Minnesota Avenue. Germania Lodge No. 41 meets farst and third Wednesday evenings of each month at hall, 401 Minnesota Ave- nue A A. Peterson, K. of R. & S. Fearless Lodge No. 9^ meets every Thursday evening at hall. South Kansas Avenue, southeast cor- ner Seventh. Wide Awake Lodge No. 153 meets every Monday evening at old City Hall. J. T. Flynn, K. of R. & S. Freia Lodge No. 195 meets every Saturday evening at old City Hall. Calanthe Tem- ple No. 1, Pythian Sisters, meets second and fourth Monday evenings of each month at hall, 401 Minnesota Avenue. Improved Order of Heptasophs-Mid-Continent Conclave meets drst and third Tiiesdays of each month at Masonic Hall, corner Third and James Streets. Wyandotte Conclave meets at Odd Fellows Hall, Sixth and Minnesota Avenue. Ancient Order of Forresters-Court Pride, Armourdale, No. r0.j7, meets first and second Wednesday evenings of each month. Court Wyandotte No. 6677 meets second and fourth Wednesday evenings of each month. Ancient Order of United Workmen— Tauromee Lodge No. -iU meets every Friday evening at their hall. 401 Minnesota Avenue. Solon Woodward, M. W. Armourdale Lodge No. 216 meets every Wednesday evening at hall, South Kansas, southeast corner Seventh. Select Knights, A. O. U. W., Uniform Rank, meet every Monday evenincr at hall. Osage Avenue, corner Eleventh. Grand Army of the Republic-Sumner Post No. 10 meets first and third Tuesday evenings of each month at Sons of Protection Hall. Burnside Post No. 2S meets first and third Tuesday evenings of each month at Northrup Hall. Sixth, northeast corner Minnesota Avenue. ^, 436 HISTOBV OF KANSAS. J. W. Longfellow, P. C. ; J. W. Wert, Adjt. George I. Kanson Post No. 303 meets every first aad third Thursday evenings of each month. L. C. Paine, P. C. Wyandotte Post No. 456 meets every Monday evening at Lugivihl Hall, west side Third, between Kansas and Nebraska Avenues. George D. Wagoner Post No. 474 meets first and third Monday evenings of each month at hall, South Kansas Avenue, northeast corner Seventh. Burnside Post Belief Corps No. 1 meets second and fourth Monday evenings of each month at Saw- yer's Hall. Minnesota Avenue, southwest corner Fourth. Knights of Honor — Lodge No. 3102 meets first and third Mon- day evenings of each month at Sawyer's Hall, Minnesota Avenue, southwest corner Fourth. Independent Order of Good Templars -Armourdale Lodge No. 29 meets every Saturday evening at Odd Fellows Hall, Osage Avenue, southwest corner Eleventh. A. E. Perkins, C. T. ; Mrs. W. S. Dun- can, v. T. ; Fred L. Lucas, Sec. Degree of Honor— Harmony Lodge No. 18 meets second and fourth Saturday evenings of each month at Sawyer's Hall, Minnesota Avenue, southwest corner Fourth. Equitable Aid Union — Lodge No. 179 meets on second and fourth Wednesday evenings of each month at Sawyer's Hall, Minne- sota Avenue, southwest corner Fourth. William Fletcher, president; John Bennett, secretary. Catholic Young Men's Club — Meets at 530 Minnesota Avenue. JohnT. Dixon, president; James Birmingham, corresponding secretary ; A. A. Krammer, treasurer. Mendelssohn Club — A. N. Moyer, president; C. J. Smith, secretary; J. J. Collins, treasurer. Meets in Gazette Building every Wednesday eveuingf. 7 WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 437 CHAPTER XXII, Kansas CirVs Gueat Street IIailway and Rapid Transit Sys- tems—Description OF the Several Lines— History of the In- ter-State Consolidated Rapid Transit Railroad Company- Sketch OF THE Metropolitan Street Railway Company— Elec- tric Lines to AUMOUIIDALE and ARGENTINE— PROJECTED LlNES— New York Comment on Kansas City's Street Railways— A CJuEAT Viaduct in Prospect. A thousand years scarce serve lo form a Stale, An hour may lay it in the dust.— Lord Byron. \PTD TRANSIT facilities are destined to work won- ' ders in the development of modern cities. The 9; street car facilities of Kansas City will bear com- parison with those of any city in the country. The " L" system has eight miles of double and %> sixteen miles of single track. The Metropoli- T^ tan has two miles of double cable track and four miles of double track on the electric road that runs from the stock-yards to Argentine. To this network of tracks much of the prosperity of the city is due, and it has done more than any one other thing to build up the resi- dence parts of the city. The business men of Kansas City, Mo., can reside in the healthy and beautiful ad- ditions of this city, and in twenty-five minutes from the time they start can be at their desks across the State line. It is probable that before 1890 becomes a thing of the past, three other street car lines will be in operation ia this city, full details of which are given below. The most potent factor in the development of Kansas City has been the Inter State Rapid Transit Railway, or as it is more commonly called, the " L " road system. Its road-bed reaches out into every 1 '■^^ 438 HISTORY OF KANSAS. part of the city. Take the Union Depot as a starting point, the main line extends west along Ninth Street, Kansas City, Mo. , Central Avenue, Kaosas City, Kas., to Kiverview Station; thence it extends north to Edgerton Place. This is the main division of the road, and is three and three- fifths miles in length. Connecting with the main line at Fifth Street and Virginia Avenue, is the Chelsea Park division. This extends west to Chelsea Park, one of the prettiest pleasure places in the West, a distance of two miles. From Riverview Station, the division of like name extends west to Grandview, a distance of one and four-fifths miles. The Kensington line, owned by a distinct cor- poration, connects the western terminus of the Riverview division with the western terminus of the Chelsea Park division, making a loop encircling the entire northwestern part of the city. The Ken- sington line is one and one-fourth miles in length. Return to the starting point at the Union Depot. The Delaware Street and Tunnel division, three- fourths of a mile in length, extends east through the tunnel to the center of Eighth and Delaware Sti-eets, in Kansas City, Mo. The tunnel is 900 feet in length, twenty-three feet high, and sufficiently wide for a double-track railway. This tunnel and the en- gine house, from which the cable is operated, cost in the neighbor- hood of 1800,000. The system has facilities for carrying 50,000 passengers a day. The trains pass every seven minutes, and have no equals oiitside of the city of New York, in style and equipment. The portion of the system which remains to be completed is the southern extension. This will be fully as important as any other part of it. A company, known as the Consolidated City & Chelsea Park Railway Company, has been chartered for the purpose of building this division. It will start from the Riverview station, extend down Fifth Street, along Euclid and Colorado Avenues, across the Seventh Street viaduct, down Seventh Street to Shawnee Avenue, east on Shawnee Avenue to Adams Street, thence north to Kansas Avenue, passing con- veniently to the packing-houses of Kingan & Co., and the numerous manufactories in this quarter of the city. From Riverview station to Adams Street and Kansas Avenue is two miles. Leaving this line at the corner of Seventh Street and Shawnee Avenue is another division. It will extend west on Shawnee Avenue to Mill Street, thence north to Kansas Avenue, thence west to the western city limits, thence south- westerly to the city of Argentine. Last fall the company obtained the right to use a dummy on the RiverView branch, thus giving a through service from the Union Depot to this growing and beautiful suburb. *^^—r- Tv" Among the other improvements made were the placing of new and improved switches at Eighth and Delaware Streets, the building of a shelter at the Union Depot, and the putting on of two special trains every evening for the accommodation of lady clerks and working girls. The history of the corporation which has built and perfected this system is as follows: In December, 1883, the Inter-State Rapid Transit Railway Company was organized and chartered to build a line or lines of railway between Kansas City, Mo., and Wyandotte and other points in Kansas. Prominent among the incorporators were D. M. Edgerton and Carlos B. Greeley, then of St. Louis, David D. Hoag, of Wyandotte, S. T. Smith, Robert Gillham and James Nave, of Kansas City, Mo. The first election of officers was held December 15, 1883, when D. M. Edgerton was chosen president, S. T. Smith, vice president, and David D. Hoag, secretary. The original capital stock was 1600,000. It has been greatly increased. The work of construction was begun in May, 1886, and trains were run between the Union Depot and Edgerton Place in the following October. The long interval between the date of the company's orgaoization and the beginning of work on the road was partly spent in preparing in various ways for active operations that should insure its construction and the complete success of the enterprise. The real projector of this system was Mr. D. M. Edgerton, who has from the first been president or receiver of the company. When Mr. Edgerton first undertook the formation of a company to build this line, Wyandotte was practically a country town, and connected with Kansas City by a horse railway, which was not a very good one, even as horse railroads go. He be- lieved that with proper transpoitation facilities, Wyandotte, with its many natural advantages, might become a considerable city, and to him should attach the distinction of the conception of the idea of this important system of rapid transit. This railroad was the first Kansas City enterprise of real magni- tude and importance in which eastern capital was invested. And the splendid realization upon the investments so made have caused a vast aggregate of capital to be applied to the inauguration and furtherance of other schemes, which have done much and will do more for the city's advancement and greatness. March 22, 1887, the tracks of the Inter- State Rajjid Transit Railway Company were consolidated with various other lines which the company was then constructing, and a new or- ganization was effected under the name of the Inter-State Consolidated Rapid Transit Railway Company, which it still bears. Work on the K*' •440 HISTORY OF KANSAS. tunnel division of the line, from the Union Depot to Eighth and Dela- ware Streets, Kansas City, Mo., was begun in May, 1887, and the trains began running in April, 1888. This tunnel, through the solid limestone bluff, was a gigantic undertaking. Work on the Brighton Hill and Chelsea Park division was begun in the spring of 1887, and the line was opened for travel July 4, the same year. On the River- view Cable Railway, work was begun in the fall of 1SS7. and the trains wei'e running in May, 1888. The line from Eighth and Delaware Streets, Kansas City, Mo., and the Riverview branch are operated by cable. The power house of the Tunnel Cable Line is located at Eighth and Bluff Streets, Kansas City, Mo., and that of the Riverview line at Tenth Street and Riverview Boulevard, Kansas City, Kas. The line from the Union Depot to Edgerton Place and the Chelsea Park bramih are operated by steam motors or " dummy " engines. The main line of the consolidated sys- tem extends from Eighth and Delaware Streets, Kansas City, Mo., on the street grade; thence through the tunnel under the bluff to Bluff Street; thence over viaducts and an elevated structure, to the iron bridge across the Kansas River. This bridge was constructed jointly by the railway company and Kansas City, Kas. The upper part is occupied by the tracks of the railway, and the lower part is used as a wagon bridge by the general public. From the bridge to Riverview station, the road runs over an elevated structure. From Riverview to Edgerton Place, the line is a surface road running on the street grades, through the heart of the Wyandotte portion of Kansas City, Kas. The Chelsea Park line runs from a connection with the main line in the northern part of the city, westwardly, through a beautifully diversified country, to Chelsea Park. This line opened up for residence and oc- cupation a section that had previously been practically inaccessible to business men and others desirous of making homes in this quarter. The rapid increase in building and other improvements along this branch since its completion has been most extraordinary. The terminus of this line, as stated, is Chelsea Park, owned by the company, and containing thirty-six acres of land of surpassing natu- ral beauty. The company has made a lavish expenditure to render this tract the most attractive and delightful park in the West, and the great crowds of people who resort thither for recreation and out- door pleasure testify to the perfection with which the work has been done. Everything that one can reasonably desire in such a place, conducive to comfort and real enjoyment, may be found in Chelsea Park. ^® — r- --» — ?.rv The Riverview cable line has also opened up a most desirable resi- dence location, and made it convenient for beautiful homes for men who do business in the two cities. The developments along this line have been rapid. The railway company owns a number of very fine tracts of land along this line, which are offered at such prices as have insured their speedy and substantial development. It will be only a short time until this line, the pioneer in that direction, will traverse one of the most densely populated portions of the city. The consolidated com- pany has a charter for the construction of a line to and through Armom-dale. It will connect with the older part of the city the new and large manufacturing center of Armourdale and Argt^utine beyond. The Metropolitan Street Railway Company was organized and incorporated in July, 1886. The incorporators were C. F. Morse, president; W. J. Ferry, secretary; A. W. Armour, treasurer. Its capital was $1,250,000, for which sum it purchased Thomas Corrigan's entire system of horse railways in Kansas City, Mo., and its^first operations consisted in the conversion of these railways into cable lines. The first line, from the Union Depot to Market Square. Kansas City, Mo., was opened to the public May 1, 1887; the second, from the State line to Wyandotte, ran its first through train November 1 follow- ing. The power-house at the corner of Ninth and Wyoming Streets was built in the winter of 1887. The Fifth Street line of this com- pany runs from Wyandotte to Market Square, in Kansas City, Mo., where it connects with an elevated railway, which extends eastward to Woodland Avenue. Besides the Fifth Street line, the Metropolitan company owns and operates other lines as follows: The Twelfth Street line runs from the Union Stock Yards westward to the Porter road. Kansas City, Mo. The work of construction was begun in Marchj 1887, and the line was opened in April, 1888. The power-house at Twelfth and Charlotte Streets. Kansas City, Mo. , was built in the fall of 1887. The Eighteenth Street line has been completed from " the Junction," Kansas City, Mo., to the eastern part of the city via Nine- teenth and Eighteenth Streets, returning via Eighteenth. A loop down Main, from " the Junction " to Third Street, westward along Third to Delaware Street and up Delaware to "the Junction," affordt connection with the Fifth Street and Wyandotte line. The Broadway (Kansas City, Mo.) line, not yet changed to a cable road, is operated by horses. The Rosedale line, a horse railway, starts at Nineteenth Street, Kansas City, Mo., and extends to Rosedale. The Armourdale r l\^ 442 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Electric line extends from the Union Stock Yards through Armourdale to Argentine. During 1889 the Metropolitan Street Railway Company made two improvements in their system in this city that are of great import- ance. The old mule car line that connected the North and South Sides of the city, via the stockyards, has become a thing of the past, and cars are now run by electricity. In the middle of December, the Ar- gentine extension was completed, and now cars run from the Union Stock Yards to Argentine, and for 5 cents one can ride from the end of Fifth, Twelfth or Eighteenth Street cables to that city. The South Side branch was placed in operation last October, and it has double tracks to Twenty-first Street. From that point to Argentine, single tracks with switches are used, but the second track will be laid at an early day. The system used is the Thompson-Houston, with overhead wires, and it is a decided success. The cars move along rapidly and smoothly, and make a trip in just about one-third of the time con- sumed formerly. At night the cars are lighted from the wire that furnishes the force with which they are propelled. The North and South Electric line is the principle street car line now under construction, and will run a double track from the Quin- daro Boulevard, in the north end of the city, south on Seventh Street, over the new railroad viaduct into the Sixth Ward. Its route more exactly stated, is: Beginning at Seventh Street and Quindaro Boule- vard, thence south to State Avenue, east to Fifth, south to Reynolds, west to Simpson, southwest to Seventh, south to Euclid; thence to and over Seventh Street viaduct to Kansas Avenue, east to Packard, north to Scott, east to Fourth, north to Berger, and then east to a point due north, Adams Street extended. A branch of the line is also to extend from Seventh Street, Kansas Avenue, west to the city limits. A franchise has been applied for, for a double-track electric line from Third Street and Minnesota Avenue, north and west to the Quin- daro Bi ulevard, and then west and south, permeating a well-settled portion of the city. State Labor Commissioner Betton has compiled statistics upon the street railway lines in Kansas. The report shows a total of 160 miles in operation in the State; amount of capital invested, $4,067,667; number of men employed, 705; amount paid for wages per annum, $43,038.36. While Kansas City stands third in the list, with 12i miles of double track street railway, yet of the $4,067,667 of the cap- ital invested in the State $1,931,122, almost one-half, is invested in ^^ '^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 443 Kansas City, Kas. Topeka has 47 miles of railway in operation, with only $915,000 of capital employed. Wichita, with 35 miles, has $400,- 000 invested; Fort Scott, $200,000; Leavenworth, $100,000; Arkan- sas City, $100,000; Atchison, $75,000. In the number of men em- ployed, Kansas City again leads with 276, while Topeka reports 260. The next highest is Wichita, where 68 men are employed. The an- nual pay roll for labor is $207,996.16 in Kansas City, Kas., and in Topeka $140,470.52. Commissioner Betton's report on Kansas shows only the mileage of street railway in operation in the city, not including that portion of the lines extending west of the city limits. The following is a tabulated statement of the mileage of Kansas City, Kas. , street railway lines, not including that porHon extending across the State line into Missouri : Main line " L " road Brighton Hill and Chelsea Park Riverview line Metropolitan Cable Metropolitan Electric Kensinfftou line Total mileage. The most important feature in street railway development in. 1889 was the construction of the Metropolitan Company's magnificent electric line, extending from the terminus of the Twelfth Street cable line through the Sixth Ward to Argentine, a distance of four and one half miles. This removes the last horse-car line in the city. The electric line was completed to Twenty-second Street in August, and the extension to Argentine was placed in operation three months later. The Inter-State Elevated Railway Company has not only im- proved its service on all its lines, but the use of a cable on the River- view line has been abandoned, and trains are now run by steam-motor power. The company has secured a new franchise from the River- view line, and if accepted, through trains will be run from the Kansas City, Mo., terminus to Grandview Park and probably on to Chelsea Park over the Kensington line, thus making a loop line. The "L" Company is also preparing to construct the long-talked-of line from Riverview throtigh the Fifth Ward and over the viaduct into the Sixth Ward, and thence to Argentine. This will be the greatest im- -© \ ^^ — ^ 444 HISTORY OF KANSAS. provement. that coiild be made, giving a more direct line from the North Side to the South Side. In recognition of the street railway enterprise of Kansas City, a New York newspaper has said: "Kansas City, Kas. , has a great street railway feature, and already affects a system unequaled by any city of her size in the United States in point of solid arrangement, construction and general accommodation. The elevated road, the only one west of New York City, is here in practical usage, forming the coQnecting link between the two great Western metropolises. The Metropolitan system is one of the most extensive cable lines in the West, and controls and operates the best paying lines of the two cities. During the present year several new lines will be added to accommodate the great growth of the city." The Mardis-Thayer Street Railway Company isendeavoring to get franchises for a mammoth electric street railway line that would prove a rival to the Metropolitan system. It is understood that the new line is to act in conjunction -with the Citizens' Street Railway of Kansas City, Mo., giving it the outlet on Wyandotte Street which the Citizens' Railway has most needed to make it a paying investment. Starting at Tenth and Wyandotte, the new electric line will extend north to Fourth Street; thence west to the river, and along land which is'now being reclaimed, to the mouth of the Kaw, where it will join the line in this city. It is expected that an extension of the line from the Sixth Ward will cross the Kaw River into Missouri, south of Kingan's packing-house, and return over the blufP. entering Wyandotte Street at the South, and return to the point of starting. The grand tour will cover twelve miles, double track, and will require the construction of two bridges and a viaduct 3,000 feet long. The viaduct alone will cost 1100,000, and the engineers estimate that the entire system of twelve miles will cost $500,000. Boston capitalists have looked over the ground and reported favorably to this project. To stop short here and say nothing of the connection of the street railway system of this city with that of Kansas City, Mo., more than has been necessarily said thus far, would be to do an injustice which ought not to be admissible in a work of the character of this. The combined systems are accessible to every citizen of this city, and have been more truly than anything else, instrumental in building up her business interests and extending her visible limits. The construction and development of this system has been surprisingly rapid. In 1885 the first cable-train was operated in Kansas City, Mo., and now includ- e) ~ \Q ^ ing the lines in Kansas City, Kas. , sbe has nearly ten times the mile- age of the entire world in 1880, and more than any other city in the world to-day. The cable system has been of immense benefit to both cities. It has brought most desirable residence localities within easy reach of the business centers, and has built up and developed sections which without rapid transit would to-day show little improvement. Kansas City's growth was amazing. With it came a demand for quick transportation, which was met promptly and has developed into one of the most perfect systems of rapid transit ever known. Every sec- tion of the two cities has been brought within easy reach of the center. The three principal street railway companies represent an investment of $10,000,000, and so great is the travel that the investments bring large returns. The cable railways of Kansas City are a surprise to all visitors and a convenience, which, owing to the peculiar formation upon which the city is built, could not be done without. Besides the roads already iu operation, franchises have been granted for the building of twenty miles more, which will bring the cable railway mileage of the city up to 155 miles. That the two Kansas Cities will eventually be connected by a via- duct extending from the bluff on the Kansas side to the blufp in Mis- souri, no one affects to disbelieve; but, while the matter has been talked of during the past few years, it was only during 1889 that any practical steps were taken in this direction. The value of this important structure can not be overestimated to this city. At the present time it is a most difficult matter to go between the two cities without meeting with delays of some nature. The great railroads, whose network of tracks covers the bottoms between the cities as the water covers the sea, furnish obstructions innumerable. The switches and side-tracks that cross the streets, besides being a nuisance to di'ive over, frequently block travel with freight trains. Not only are the delays unpleasant, but travel is none too safe with these existing con- ditions. Then a circuitous route has to be taken, and much valuable time lost. The viaduct will obviate all these unpleasantries, and will do away with the loss of time and the danger incident to traffic. The following is its probable direction: Starting from Fifth and Central Streets, using the Missouri Pacific viaduct, already in course of con- struction, then on a straight line across the Kaw River, over the stock pens on the other side of the river to the James Street viaduct, where a connection will be made. The structure would then be headed for the Twelfth Street viaduct, which Kansas City, Mo., built several v 4^ 1 446 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. years ago, and which has only been used as a foot bridge. This could be utilized, and the structure would then go in the direction of the bluffs at Twelfth and Main Streets. The structure would be of suffi- cient width to allow two lines of teams to pass, and would be canti- levered on each side for foot passengers. Engineers declare that the entire viaduct could be constructed for 1250,000, including the bridge across the Kaw River. The distance from the Kansas bluff to the State |line is about 3,000 feet, while it is not so great from the Missouri bluff to the imaginary line that divides the two States. A number of approaches could and would be placed at convenient cross streets, [and the heavy teaming from the wholesale houses of the bot- toms to this city would be taken fi'om the streets. ^\'^ ■* =^^^^ ;\^ ^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. Ul CHAPTER XXIII. Kansas City's Immense Live Stock Market and Meat Packing In- terests— The Second Largest Poisk-Packing Centek in the WoKLD— Rise and Progress of the Industry— Sketches of the Great Packing Establishments— Twenty-two Years of Meat Packing — An Era of Wonderful Progress — Contributory Causes— The Past Year's Rejiarkable Showing— Facts, Fig- ures AND Statistics— Thk Outlook for the Future. Tben none was for party; Then all were for the State; Then the great man helped the poor. And the poor man loved the great. — Lord Nacanlay. ^^EOPLE abi-oad, when reading of the immense packing interests of Kansas City, with very few exceptions, unless they have visited this locality and seen for themselves, credit Kansas City, Mo., with this great enterprise, and it can not be denied that those who have so industriously boomed Kansas City, Mo., within the past few years, have contributed in no small measure to this injustice to Kansas City, Kas. The fact remains, however, that for the most part the packing industry is located in Kansas City, Kas., and practicallv forms a considerable part of its business and commercial importance, though from causes most nat- ural and easily understood, the managers of these con- cerns have large interests, commercially and financially, with Kansas City, Mo., banking and similar institutions. Although it is comparatively but a few years since pork and beef packing was begun at this point, such has been the success of this undertaking that at the present time Kansas City ranks as the second largest pork-packing center in the world. ^' w ^^ 448 HISTORY OF KANSAS. The causes which have contributed to this gratifying result can be easily explained and understood. Kansas City is situated in the cen- ter of the greatest corn-raising section in the country, and as the sup- ply of marketable hogs is regulated almost entirely by the supply of corn, it can readily be seen how naturally it became the market for the hog product. The railroad facilities radiating from Kansas City through Kansas, Missouri, Iowa and Nebraska, four of the most im- portant corn-growing States in the Union, make this market the re- ceptacle of nearly all their hog and beef products. The packers here can afford to pay better prices than their competitors at more eastern points, for the reason that the latter have to pay freight, on the live stock, and freight back on the manufactured product in order to get into the territory whei-e Kansas City packers ship most of their goods — namel3% the south and southwest. The packers here can place their products all through the South, including seaboard points, at the expense of Chicago, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Louisville. The same is true of the West and Northwest. The bulk of the product manufactured here goes for domestic consumption; the exports, how- ever, especially of beef, sum up to no inconsiderable amount. The rise and progress of this now great industry in Kansas City is the development of natural causes. As soon as events demonstrat- ed that a supply of cattle would be found on the western prairies, packers were attracted to the frontier. The pioneer in this field was Edward W. Pattison, who, in 1867, established a packing-house at Junction City, Kas. , where he formed a company, and during that year packed about 1,000 cattle. Acquaintance with the country soon satisfied him that Kansas City possessed the best commercial facilities near the frontier, and offered the best advantages for his business. Hence, in 1808, in company with J. W. L. Slavens, he built the first packing- house, the one now occupied by Jacob Dold & Son. During the first year of the operations of Messrs. Pattison & Slavens here, they packed about 4,200 cattle, the first beef packing done at this point. The same year Thomas J. Bizzer. formerly of Belfast, Ireland, came and began the packing of hogs for the Irish and English markets, the first enterprise of this kind started here after the war, though some little packing had been done prior to the war by M. Divelej', J. L. Mitchener and others, on the Missouri side. In 1868 Mr. Bizzer built a small store-house on St. Louis Avenue, West Kansas City, where he packed away his meat, the slaiightering being done for him by Messrs. Pattison & Slavens. In 1889 Mr. Slavens sold his interest 'i' a *■ ^'- WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 449 in the packing-house of Pattison & Slavens to Dr. F. B. NofHinger, of Kansas City, Mo., and formed a co- partnership known as Ferguson, Slavens & Co., by whom was built the packinghouse which later came to be owned and occupied by the Morrison Packing Company. The tirm of Ferguson, Slavens & Co. was succeeded by Slavens & Oburn, who sold this plant ,to the company above mentioned. Plankinton & Armours came to Kansas City in 1870, and rented the packinghouse of Pattison & Nofsinger, but in the following year built their own house. They had already two large houses, one in Milwaukee and the other in Chicago. From the date of the establish- ment of their business here the steady and rapid progress of the great interest they represented may be said to have begun in Kansas City. Up to that time it had been conducted on a comparatively limited scale. A few years ago John Plankinton retired from the firm of Plankinton & Armours, when the world-known corporation of the Armour Broth- ers Packing Company was organized. This concern, which is so material a factor in the interests of this locality, consists at present of P. D. Armour, Chicago; H. O. Armour, New York, and A. W., S. B., K. B. and C. W. Armour, of Kansas City, Mo. The managing force consists of R. Moody, general manager; George W. Tourtelot, superintendent; William G. Cargill, assistant superintendent. The firm located here in the fall of 1870. killing their first stock in a rented building, making an average of 500 cattle and 500 hogs daily. As the city increased in population, the de- mand for fresh and cured meats also increased, and the Armours were comjielled to secure larger quarters. They have enlarged this build- ing from time to time until their present plant is second in the United States. Their buildings cover an area of nine acres and are as fol- lows: A, 175x149, with an L 129 feet, with a boiler-room attached, 150x50; B, 103x148; C, 129x148; D, 147x72; E, 279x45; F, 135x147, with an L attached, 94x63; G, 98x183; H, 96x183; I, 108x133; K. 108x50; L. 176x41; M, 65x128; N, 128x113; O. 72x103: P, 35x108; Q, 24x157; R, engine room, 105.x96, with an L 100x50; S, 157x41; T, 142x118, 57 feet high; U, 56x180. These buildings, with the exception of D. are four stories and basement high, D being only two stories and basement. They are building a very large seven-story addition, which will cover their entire space. The plant contains car and machine shop for the rebuilding and repairing of refrigerator cars. This is under the management of Mr. T. B. Roberts, a mechanic of years' ex- perience in carpenter shops, with Charles Bohl as foreman, also black- ^ 450 HISTORY OF KANSAS. smith shops and laundry. The company employ monthly on an averaoe of 1,900 men dailj', not including the clerical force and officials. The pay- roll of this small "army" foots up to about S66,665 per month or 1800, 000 yearly. This is for the day laborers, outside of the office de- partment. An addition lately established that is of great benefit to the clerks and foremen, is the restaurant, under the control of the com- pany. The machinery used is as follows: 4 engines of 500 and 600 horse- power each; 21 tubular boilers; 4 Heine boilers of 600 horse power each; 2 sets of Babcock boilers of 500 horse- power per set. The re- frigerator capacity is immense, capable of reducing the temperature in the coolers below zero, or 825 tons every twentyfoiu- hours, or capable of manufacturing one-half that quantity of ice. The electric plant consists of three arc dynamos of 120 arc lights and 2 Slatterly induction system incandescent dynamos of 1,200 lights. These are distributed through the buildings. They own for their own use 250 refrigerator cars, used for the shipment of dressed beef to different cities in all parts of the East, South and West. The amount of fuel used by this mammoth establishment can be imagined when the fact is stated that it takes four cars of coal daily for its engines. The re- ceipts of coal, salt and lumber used by the firm average 415 car loads monthly. They use for their shipments 1,008 cars monthly, with an average weight of 35,000 pounds per car. Their killing ca- pacity has been found insufficient, and has been added to. The greatest day of killing was 1,124 cattle, 6,800 hogs, 1,900 sheep. Since August 12, 1889, to August 12, 1890, the yearly kill has been as follows: Cattle, 208,139; hogs, 703,715; sheep, 43,857. They use seventeen large, heavy express wagons and 46 horses for the delivery to the home and shipping trade. The trade is both domestic and foreign, largo warehouses in New York being necessary to facilitate the European trade. The extent of one branch of the company's business, the canning of beef, maybe best realized from the fact that 35,000 to 40,000 boxes of tin are used annually in making cans. The company has a similar institution in Chicago, which is the only establishment in the world which excels the Kansas City branch in the extent of its output and business. The house of Jacob Dold & Son was founded by Jacob Dold, in Buffalo, N. Y. , in 1830, and is one of the oldest and largest concerns of its kind in the country. Besides their packing-houses at Buffalo and Kansas City, the firm have one of the most complete packing- ^ 6 r- -^ ©pv WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 451 bouses in the country at Wichita, Kas. , and a large distributing house at Harrisburg, Penn. The immense business of this house at this point was conceived by, and has always been under the personal man- agement of Mr. J. C. Dold, a son of Jacob Dold, the pioneer pork packer of Buffalo, an active, pushing man, scarcely yet in the prime of life. In 1880 he made a trip through the West, and after visit- ing Chicago, St. Louis, St. Joseph and other towns, came almost accidentally to Kansas City. He was at once impressed with the idea that Kansas City was one of the most advantageous points in the vrorld for a i)acking-house. His father had ten years before predicted that at or near Kansas City would some day be the great packing center of the world, and this promise, afforded by the tendency of the business to concentrate here, indicates that his pre- diction will be fulfilled. In the fall of 1880 the firm bought the old Nofsinger beef packing-house, and Mr. J. C. Dold began a series of operations here that have resulted in the present magnificent enter- prise. The new venture was a success from the beginning, and soon outstripped the parent establishment in the quality of its productions and the volume of its transactions. The old j)lant was what is known as a "winter house" — one without refrigerating facilities, where meat-packing can not be carried on during the summer months. In 1882 the house invested about $150,000 in a summer and winter plant, increasing its facilities here in every department, and during the suc- ceeding year a business of a quarter of a million dollars was done. Since then operations have been gradually extended, and the pro- ductive capacity of the plant has been nearly doubled each year, until now about 1,500 men are employed, and an annual business of more than $10,000,000 is done. The plant covers an area of six acres, and has a capacity exceeding 5,000 hogs, 2,000 cattle and 1,000 sheep per day. The trade of the house extends to all f)arts of the civilized world, and it has nearly 200 representatives in the United States, Europe, Australia, China and Japan. . In 1881 the extensive beef and pork packing and lard refining firm of Fowler Brothers, with packing-houses in Liverpool, New York and Chicago, began operations in Kansas City. Early in 1884 George Fowler purchased his brother's interest in the establishment here, and conducted it alone until January 1, 1886, when his son, George A., became a partner under the firm name of George Fowler & Son. This plant, near the junction of the Kaw and Missouri Rivers, is one of the largest and best equipped packing houses in the city, covering i "V 452 HISTORY OF KANSAS. an area of nearly seventeen acres. This firm makes a specialty of refining lard. Extensive consignments are made to European jDorts, this export trade amounting to more than .^r), 000, 000 annually, about one third of the annual business of the house. The Morrison Packing-house is a branch of the well-known Cin- cinnati packing-house of James Morrison & Co. , established in 1845. Operations were begun in Kansas City in 1884, when the present owners succeeded Slavens & Oburn. Their attention is given exclu- sively to the hog product. The Kansas City Packing Company began operations in Kansas City in 1884. This enterprise is conducted by A. J. Morris and S W. Bull, who have also an extensive establishment in St. Louis. The concern here packs both pork and beef, but lately have confined their operations principally to the prejaaration of dressed beef. The Allcutt Packing Company was organized in November, 1885, and is composed of W. P., C. T., G. P. and E. H. Allcutt and D. C. Smith. Its operations are confined solely to hog packing. Its estab- lishment covers about three acres. W. P. Allcutt, president of the comjsany, was superintendent of the Armour Packing Company in this city for fifteen years prior to the organization of the Allcutt Packing Company. The Kingan Packing Company began the packing of pork in Kan- sas City about three years ago. It is a branch of the mammoth establishment of Kingan & Co., of Indianapolis, with a distributing house at Richmond, Va. The headquarters of the company is in Bel- fast, Ireland. Its packing establishment in this city, completed in November, 1887, embraces six large buildings, covering a space of six acres. The resident managers of the company are W. J. and J. S. Keid. The large dressed beef house of Swift & Co. , of Chicago, was put in operation about two years ago, and when completed in the summer of 1887, in addition to the increased facilities of establishments pre- viously in operation here (about 35 per cent) by the erection of new buildings, made the capacity for handling hogs and cattle in Kansas City unexcelled by those of any other city in the United States. Many extensive improvements were made in the great packing establishments in 1889. The Kansas City Packing Company has taken charge quite recently of the old Western Dressed Beef Com- pany's plant, which has been idle about three years. By this the company's facilities for slaughtering beeves have been materially 3 i> WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 455 4,000 cattle, 30,000 hogs and 3,000 sheep per day. This demand in itself would insure competition, but it is forced also to compete with a corps of buyers and shippers to Eastern markets, that stand ready at any time to take, at high prices, the entire receipts of the yards. This active competition among buyers, with a constant attendance of purchasing agents from the great packing houses of Chicago, Omaha, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, New York, Boston and Baltimore, cause prices to rule high at this market, and invite immense herds from the plains of the West, a territory larger than the whole of Europe, while the outlet is limited only by the capacity of the markets of the world. The total yearly shipments by railroad from 1871 up to and including 1889, aggregated: Cattle, 5,607,732; hogs, 4,569,529; sheep, 1,132,219; horses and mules. 207,691; cars, 346,167. There were driven out of the yards for packers' and city use in that time: Cattle, 2,050,757; hogs, 14,320,842; sheep, 1,008,452; horses and mules, 77,383. The valuation of stock handled at these yards in nineteen years amounted to $453,524,601. The receipts to May 31, 1890, from January 1, were: Cattle, 545,085; calves, 6,206; hogs, 922,253; sheep, 253,541; horses and mules, 16,347; total, 1,743,432, or a total increase of 20.2 per cent. Average receipts per day, 11,546 head. The largest receipts in one day of cattle were 11,233; hogs, 21,765; sheep, 6,033; horses and mules, 730; cars, 616. The largest re- ceipts in one week: Cattle, 65,634; hogs, 103,544; sheep, 23,007; horses and mules, 1,383; cars, 3,670. The largest receipts in one month: Cattle, 171,015; hogs, 306,456; sheep, 46,421; horses and mules, 4,002; cars, 9,718. The largest receipts for any one year: Cattle, 1889, 1,220,343; hogs, 1887, 2,423,262; sheep, 1889, 370,- 772; horses and mules, 1889, 34.563; cars, 1889, 83,972. Although Kansas City became a packing point before it had a stock market, it was not iintil the creation, in 1871. of a cattle and hog mar- ket, that the packing interest began to grow rapidly. In 1872 the city had attained great importance as a packing point, and in 1874 was the principal source of supply for packed beef, and since that time has retained nearly a monopoly of the trade. The shipment of dressed beef has been very large. The other beef product has been distributed about the country in the form of canned meats, barreled beef, and less than carload lots of dressed beef. Previous to 1872 there was no sum- mer packing worthy of mention, but since that time business has been continued throughout the year by all large packing-houses of the T> V J^l M± 456 HISTORY OF KAXSAS. country. Among packers the year is divided into two seasons — summer and winter — the former extending from March 1 to No- vember 1, the latter from November 1 to March 1. The year 188'.) completed the twenty-second year of the packing business in Kansas City. From 13.000 bogs and 4,200 cattle handled in 1868, the busi- ness has advanced, step by step, until nearly 2,000.000 hogs and nearly 500,000 cattle are annually converted into meat products and distrib- uted to the consumers of the world. Thus it is shpwn that a few years bring many changes, even to those most actively engaged in bus- iness. The advancement made in this particular industry since its in- ception has been of such magnitude that in 1887 it was considered a poor day's work when 13,000 hogs and 4,200 cattle were not killed in the great white packing establishments which skirt the Kaw and Missouri Rivers, and figures given elsewhere will indicate the change since then. The increase since 1886 is most remarkable, and is char- acteristic only of the wonderful development of all interests here on both sides of the State line: yet packers and meat men here, at Chica- go, Boston, Cincinnati, and other great commercial centers, agree that as yet the packing industry is only in its infancy. As showing the progress of the packing business since its inception in this city, the following table is given: The causes which have led to such a wonderful increase in this im- portant industry are similar to those which have distinguished Kansas City (as the term is generally applied — to lioth Kansas Cities) as among the most remarkable cities of the continent. The constantly increasing -territory tributary to the home markets, and the vast net of railway lines reaching out in every direction and affording direct communication with all of the leading towns and cities within a radius of 1.000 miles, ^^ ;f^ i^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 457 are among the factors which have been the mean-; of placing Kansas City before the world as the coining meat center of the continent. The above figures demonstrate most forcibly how rapid has been the growth of the beef and pork-packing interest of Kansas City. No oth- er city in the world can show an equal exhibit in this respect. Chica- go, St. Louis, Indianapolis and other leading packing centers have as steadily declined in the aggregate of their output as Kansas City has steadily increased in hers. The future outlook for this source of ma- terial prosperity is exceedingly bright, and that Kansas City will soon take the first place among the beef and pork packing centers there seems no reasonable doubt. In the dressed-meat indnstry there has been a general and for the most part steady advance in the different branches, except in mutton. With a heavy demand the year round for beef products, the dressed meat men have all the business they can attend to. The improved slaughtering processes, as well as the refrigerator car system, has had the effect of doing away with the old method of butchering, and it is really surprising to note the demand upon the market from the smaller cities and large towns in the East, West, North and South. Kansas City dressed meat has been found in large distributing depots at Mem- phis, New Orleans, Mobile, Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Tampa, by a visitor to Florida, who was informed that nearly all of the cities of the South were similarly provided. Not only can it be said of Kansas City that her position as the sec- ond packing center of the world was grandly maintained in 1889, but it can also be stated with the same degree of truth that wonderful progress has been made in the dressed-meat industry that necessarily entitles her to distinction as the leading city of the Southwest as a mai'ket for fresh meats. In packing operations, 1889 was the banner year, despite the many disturbing influences. The demand upon the home market for meats was greater than ever before, and the facilities for distribution were improved, hence the shipments of the various meat products from Kan- sas City were from 65,000,000 to 75,000,000 pounds in excess of the shipments for 1888, being about 535,000.000 pounds in 1889 as against 463, 000. 000 pounds in 1888. The number of cattle slaughtered in Kan- sas City in 1889 was 490,000 as against 361, 000 for the year 1888, an in- crease of 129,000or a fraction over thirty-two per cent. The slaughter of sheep also grew wonderfully, the total for 1889 being 201,000, or 20,- 000 in excess of the slaughtering for 1888. In pork packing the ag- '^' r^ jki 458 HISTORY OF KANSAS. gregate number of hogs killed for the year was 1,715,000 as against 1,605,000 in 1888, an increase of 10,000 or seven per cent. There was a decided activity in packing operations in 1889, as in- dicated by the returns for each month, the business not being coulined to any particular season. There was a shade of dullness in pork pack- ing in August and September, which was quite natural, the farmers pre- ferring to hold their hogs until cooler weather, but during these months the activity in the dressedbeef line was the most remarkable ever ex- perienced in Kansas City. In October the number of cattle slaughtered was larger than the number slaughtered in the year 1884, and almost equal to half the slaughtering of 1887. The receipts of hogs the early part of the year showed a slight improvement over the receipts for 1888, both in volume and weight, while the warm weather in Novem- ber and December has to some extent caused farmers to hold their stock for feeding. The following is the tabulated statement of the slaughtering of hogs, cattle and sheep for 1889 bj' months: Month January February Maich Ai)ril May June July August September October November December Total, 1889 Cattle. 38,532 31,809 36,809 31,210 33.846 28,970 41.53.1 45,121 56, .535 70,305 47,021 39,700 490,383 Sheep. 24,700 19,300 18,700 17,700 13.100 8,500 9.900 14,100 11,200 21,500 20,700 20,800 200,200 Hogs. 150,706 142,262 139,025 121,048 173.783 199,050 125.912 72.918 82,095 121,981 173.528 213,000 The depression in prices of cattle, the natural result of over-pro- duction, was the means of creating a bitter war against the dressed- beef industry early in the last season. This war was instigated by the butchers' associations, who attemj)ted to show that the depression of the cattle trade was due to the dressed-beef men controlling the cattle markets, rather than to the real cause. While the beef industry was hampered to a certain extent by the passage of worthless cattle-inspec- tion laws, designed to prohibit the distribution of dressed beef, yet the efPect is in no manner perceptible. An inspection of the figures representing the volume of business in the beef products shows that there has never been anything like it. Under the present method of shipping fresh beef, pork and mutton in -^ i WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 459 refrigerator cars, consumers in the Eastern and New England States, in the Middle and Southern States, and in the Western States, are only too glad of the opportunity of buying choice Kansas City meats from retail dealers in their own towns and cities. The cause of all this is quite apparent. Kansas City is within close proximity to the greatest cattle ranges and feeding grounds in the world; hence her packers are enabled to secure the finest quality of beef cattle raised in the United States. Then, too, it is far cheaper and better to ship the beef prod- ucts than to ship live cattle. The total shipment of fresh beef was 215,387,000 pounds as against 141,414,000 pounds for 1888, an increase of 73,973,000 pounds. The shij^ment of mess beef was 10,190 barrels, or 2,038,000 jjounds, as against 2,165 barrels, or 433,000 in 1888. In canned beef the ship- ments were about 3,700,000 pounds less than in 1888, the attention of packers being diverted to fresh meats. The shipment of tallow also showed a handsome gain, being 12,992,000 for 1889, as against 7,401,- 000 pounds for 1888. In oleomargerine, which is becoming an im- portant article in trade, by reason of its superior quality, the output for 1889 was about 10,000,000 pounds, an increase of about 4,000,000 pounds over last year's output. The growth of the mutton trade is a matter of great satisfaction. For several years it has been almost impossible to supply the demand for choice mutton, but, by an extra exertion on the part of local pack- ers, together with the adoption of cheaper methods of shipping, the receipts of sheep on the market have been materially increased, and the difficulty of supplying the trade has been practically reme- died. The trade in the various articles classed as pork products was decidedly healthy during 1889, although Kansas City has the facilities for doing a much more extensive bu.siness. The trade is governed by the supply of hogs, and while the supply was not so liberal as packers would have liked, yet they had little cause for complaiiit. Prices of hogs were moderately high and the same can be said of the prices of pork products. The shipment of fresh pork has become a great item, and this is in a measure responsible for a decrease in the shipments of bacon and salt pork, the output being about 243,000,000 pounds for 1889, as against 259,000,000 pounds for 1888. In barreled pork there was a very large increase, the shipments for 1889 being 9,600,000 pounds, as against 3,144,000 pounds in 1888. The amount of lard shipped in ,4 " . fc- >^, a * ' 460 HISTORY OF KANSAS. >■ 1889 was practically the same as the shipments for the previous year, being 42,000,000 pounds. The following shows the receipts and shipments of the pork prod- ucts for 1889: Months. Pork, brls. i Bacon, lbs. Lard lbs. Rec's. Ship. Receipts. Shipments. Receipts. .Ship. 100 900| 1,000 3,775 14.600 6,625 3,075l 2,175| 1,625' 3,:300 4150 5.000 1,800 4,225,000 3,180,000 3,087,000 3,995.500 1,935,000 22,531,200 23,441,500 17,313,750 10,657,150 19 366 600 535,000 150,000 ;375.000 250.000 475000 4,560,.500 4,389,000 3,807.000 2,189,600 3,741,300 4,430,.500 4,752,.500 2,943..500 1,992,400 1,949, .loo 2,634,700 4,800,000 270 500 250 250 June . . Julv 825.00II jl. 1011. 5(10 !' 2.50,000 3,375 000 'JO ."){•>:! (1110 ' 236.000 3,190 uoo 2."i T:;!).50() 50.000 25,000 250,000 375,000 50,000 2,175,000 2,4.50.000 2,450.000 2,000,000 33.049,800 20.:i68.800 18.113,540 20,800,000 Total, 1889 1,370 48,025 30,777,500 243,053,940 2,901,000 42,190,500 J The volume of business done by the great packing-houses of this city was never heavier than during the first half of 1890. The figures representing the number of pou^nds of meats of various kinds shipped, which have been compiled from the daily reports of the railway com- panies, will appear somewhat startling to the average person unac- 1 quainted with the magnitude of the packing and dressed-meat busi- ness in this city. The figures show that from January 1 to July 1, the shipments of meats of all kinds were approximately 265,190,000 pounds, as against 260,385,000 pounds for the first half of 1889, an increase of about 5,000,000 pounds. Not only has there been a decided gain in the volume of the shipments, but it is shown that the receipts of meats by rail from other points have been 6,785,000 pounds less than the receipts for the first half of last year. All of this shows a decidedly healthy tone of the meat market, and establishes the fact that Kansas City, Kas., is doing her share toward supplying the world with choicest meats. The following shows the aggregate receipts and shipments of the various articles of meat products for the six months ending June 30, 1890: ^ "V ^ K !K WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 4C1 Shipments. Beceipts. 110,34.5,000 325,000 863,000 129,620,000 18,285,000 40 000 Bacon Lard 13,600,000 1,975,000 Barreled pork.. Tallow , Total six months, 1890. Total si.\ months, 1889. Another startling thing in connection with this enormous meat trade is the number of animals required. The reports show that 657,- 925 cattle were received at the stock-yards the first half of the year, and of these 233,878, or about forty per cent, were slaughtered here. Notwithstanding the receipts of hogs were 1,161,236, about ninety-six per cent of them, or 1,076,446, were killed in the local packing, houses. The following shows the total packing for six months: .Januar3' February March April May .June Total six months. 1890, Total six monlhs. 1889, Increase for 1890 483,703 191,689 181,632 ■ 114,969 160.067 323,535 204,571 1,076,443 925.874 150,569 The following shows the receipts of live stock at the stock yards during the half of the year: ISiX). 1889. Increase. 1,161.236 657.925 303,389 19.106 47,801 1.154.184 437,789 185,500 16,208 37,242 7 103 Cattle 230,136 116,787 2 898 No. cars received 10,559 In this an enormous increase is shown in everything, which indi- cates that the present year business will be heavier than in any previ- ous year since the stock-yards were started. ^I^:^ ^ 462 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. Eighty-four thousand four hundred and thirty-four cars, a suffi- cient number for 4,221 trains of twenty cars each, making a string when linked together that would cover the main lines of the Wabash and Vandalia all the way from Kansas City to Richmond, on the eastern border of the State of Indiana, 578 miles distant— this is the size of the train that brought to Kansas City, the second live-stock market of the world, during the year 1889, 2,082,539 hogs, 1,229,401 cattle, 309,645 sheep and 34,115 horses and mules. It was the banner year of the live-stock business in Kansas City. The receipts of cattle were 173,375 more than the receipts of the previous year, an increase of sixteen and one-half per cent. The increased receipts of hogs over 1888 was 74,000, or three and one-half per cent. In sheep the in- crease was about five per cent, the receipts being 18,000 larger than in 1888. Of horses and mules there were received in 1888 a total of 34,115, which was 6,465 more than were received the previous year, the increase being nineteen per cent. The receipts of live stock at Kansas City since 1871, afford a very striking illustration, of the fact that this gigantic industry has kept an even pace with western civilization, in point of progress. It was argued years ago that the opening of the broad plains west of the Missouri River to settlement would be disastrous to the cattle inter- ests, but the result has been exactly the reverse. The farmers who took quarter sections of land as homesteads, went to raising cattle, and the volume of cattle on the Kansas City market has been increas- ing from year to year; and not only this, but the quality of beef cattle has also been improving. The swine industry has also grown wonderfully, all the conditions being quite favorable to breeding and fattening. The increase in the supply of hogs on the local market has been such that the entire receipts for the year 1877 did not amount to as much as the total receipts for the month of December, 1889. The sheep in- dustry is becoming a thing of great importance, and Southwestern farmers are not to be outdone in that line. Only a few years ago there were large shipments of horses to the West, but now Western jieople are sending them the other way, thus demonstrating the fact that the conditions for raising good horses and mules are as favorable in their country as east of the Mississippi River. The following shows the annual receijjts of all kinds of live stock fi'om 1871, up to and including the past year: ^^ 1^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 403 Year. Cattle. Hogs. Sheep. Horses and Mules. Cars. 1871 120,837 236.802 227,689 307,080 174.754 183-,378 215.768 175,344 311,415 344,709 285,863 439,671 460,780 533,536 506.627 490,971 669 224 1.056,086 1,229,461 7,669.975 41,086 104,639 221,815 312,532 63,3,50 153,777 192,615 437.777 588,908 676,477 1,014,304 963,036 1,379,401 1,723,586 2,358,718 2,264,484 2.423,262 2,008,984 2,082,539 18,901,270 4,527 6.071 5,975 8,855 25,327 55,045 43,190 36.700 61,684 511,611 79,934 80,724 119,665 237,964 321,801 172,659 309,956 351.050 369,645 2,140,373 809 3.648 4,303 3,679 3,646 5,339 4,279 10,796 15.829 14,086 13,592 11,716 19,860 27,163 34.506 33,188 29,690 27,650 34,115 284,793 6,623 1872 13,110 1873 14,603 1874 13,370 1875 9.093 1876 11,692 1877 13,958 1878 16.583 1879 20,702 1880 22,704 1881 1882 29.089 34,668 1883 45,470 1884 55,227 1885 63,213 1886 58,924 1887 67,752 1888 1889 74,666 84,435 Total 655,882 At no period ia the history of this country has the marketing of cattle been so heavy as in the year 1889. The receipts for the year were 1,229,461 head, as against 1,052,971 for 1888, and 609,224 for 1887. At Chicago the receipts have shown an increase in the same proportion, while at Omaha, St. Louis and other cattle markets the receipts were largely in excess of the receipts of previous years. A casual review of the situation shows beyond doubt that there has been an immense overpro.luction for the past three or four years. The ranges in the ladian Territory, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Wy- oming and Utah have been practically overran with cattle, while the farmers and feeders in Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri, Iowa, and States east of the Mississippi River have had an immense supply. This has naturally created stormy competition between the "barn yard " cattle and the range cattle. As a result of this competition there has been a great depreciation in values. One of the most important features of the cattle market in Kansas City is the increased facilities for home consumption, the figures showing that nearly forty per cent of the cattle received were driven to the packing-houses in this city. In 1888 less than thirty-iive per cent of the receipts were consumed here, while in 1887 the consump- tion was only twenty-seven per cent. This has added greatly to the gen- eral tone of the local market, and the competition between buyers for the East and home packers has done much toward enabling the **1^<« ^^ ^1 ^ 1 cattle growers to secure better prices than they would under ordinaiv circumstances. As anticipated .by local dealers and packers a year ago, a more liberal supply of hogs has been noted the past twelve months. This is the natural result of better corn crops in Missouri, Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska, and more favorable conditions for breeding; and it is also taken as an indication that an even better supply will be had in 1890. The partial failure of two corn crops in Kansas in JSS7 and 1888 was a severe blow to the swine industry in that State, many new farmers who were just beginning to get a good start being compelled to dtspo.se of their brood stock for lack of food. The conditions, however, have improved wonderfully the past year, and it is gratify- ing to note that the swine industry is not only recovering from the serious backset, but Kansas is rapidly coming to the front as one of the leading hog-producing States. The opening for settlement of • the Oklahoma lands is looked upon as a very important move for Ihe swine industry; but anything like heavj- receipts from that section can not be expected until the new settlers get down to actual farming. Missouri can always be relied upon for a heavy output of hogs, and the returns show that Kansas City is getting a very fair percentage of the crop. One of the greatest movements is the increase of railway facilities, enabling large sections, that have heretofore been sending their products into other markets, to reach Kansas City. Particularly is this noticeable in the extension of the Kansas City, Wyandotte & Northwestern system, by which a very large portion of Southern and Western Nebraska is given access to the Kansas City market. The Missouri, Kansas & Texas system, by entering Kansas City, has done much to increase the live-stock trade. It is a noticeable feature of the Southwest that all the cattle and hog feeders tributary to this market are becoming convinced that in the long run thev can do better here with their offerings than to take them elsewhere. For a time the Omaha market was tried, but it was quickly found out that competition was not strong enough there for the purposes of bringing the highest available prices. During former years Chicago and St. Louis took a good portion of the live-stock west of here, but within a few years the stockman has changed his tactics and finds that Kansas City is a true friend to his interests, when sales year in and year out are taken into consideration. The average of prices, especially on hogs, during the past year has been higher than either at Chicago or at St. Louis. At times holders of cat- ~f ^1 WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 465 tie have beeu dissatisfied with offers made for their cattle at this point and have carried the same on to Chicago. Unless a professional buyer for both markets, these ventures have as a rule resulted disastrously to the party who cared to risk other markets. They have found that in the two days necessary to get to Chicago, for instance, prices have gone down or they have lost stock e» route, or shrinkage has been so great that they would be glad had they never made the attempt of bettering their condition. This is so much the case that the bulk of the cattle feeders have made up their mind to be satisfied with the prices that may hold here, which are oftentimes within a fraction of those at the more Eastern markets, and away ahead when cost of transportation and shrinkage is taken into consideration. It must not be overlooked that competition among local packers and dressed-meat men becomes each year sharper and sharper. The local houses are anxious to keep the best cattle right here, and are willing, frequently, to offer more than a fair market value might warrant. While other lines stand still, or at least make but a poor showing as compared to previous years, the total values of live stock handled at this point forge upward with mammoth strides. The past year has proven no exception to the rule. On every hand progress has been the rule. The management of the stock-yards has expended immense amounts of money to further the easy and convenient hand- ling of stock. Over twenty acres have been added to the stock- yards' domain, and every inch of available space has been filled with cattle and hog yards and loading and unloading chutes. The number of the latter at present in the yards is over 200. This enables incoming stock to be promptly handled with the least possible delay and also facilitates the quick shipments of those that may be sent on to the East. With the present accessories 6, 500 cattle can be unloaded within two hours, while three-quarters of that number can be loaded. Immense double-deck hog sheds have been constructed within the past year. These have proven most acceptable for the quick hand- ling of hogs. Beforetimes there was a good deal of complaint on the part of the buyers that they had to go all over the yards in order to find what they wanted, and when they had made purchases they de- clared they suffered losses an account of the long drives to their own private peas. Especially was this the case during the hotter days of summer. Now with the present system of double-deck pens, hogs may be examined from all sections of the country without the buyer or seller being compelled to go from under cover. When a fair ■ iJV purchase is made, the hogs are at once drivea to the pens beneath, and later, when the day's purchases are completed are sent to the dif- ferent packing-houses. This is one of the best features of the hog department of these yards, and is one that is enjoyed by no other yards in the land. All the yards and pens throughout the length and breadth of the yard are planked with cypress or oak, and are kept clean by a special gang of workmen employed for that purpose alone. Thus the cattle and hogs are kept as clean as possible, and the seller and buyer are not compelled to wade through mud or encounter heavy dust clouds at any time. Weighing scales are established at convenient p)oints in the yards of the most exact description, and special weighmasters who are expert in the business are employed to adjust measures. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 46-; CHAPTER XXIY. Navigation of the Missouri and tue Kaw— Kansas Citv's Fa- vorable Location— The Advent of steamboats on the Mis- souiii— The Days of Pioneer :N'avi6ation—" Boating " Bkfoke THE War— Rival Lines— Exciting River Races— Old Boats AND Captains- First Discussion of Barge Navigation— Efforts AND Failures— The Movement Cuushed by the Panic of 1873 —Revived Four Years Later— Barge Transportation Tried AND Found Feasible— Misfortunes and Antagonistic Influ- ences—River Improvement— Congressional Appropriations- Ill Advised Expenditures and Consequent Disappointment- Other Navigation Movements— Organization of the Kansas City and Missouri River Transportation Company— The Con- struction AND Arrival of the Mason, the State of Kansas AND THE State of Missouri -Benefits to Accrue from the Enterprise- An Enthusiastic Celebration- Part in it of Kansas City, Kas— Account of the Navigation of the Kan- sas River. ISTOEY teacbes that the great commeicial ceDters of civilization always lie in the paths of the great waterways of a country. Kan- sas City, Kas., lying in such a position, seems to have been located by its founders with an r^ especially^ acnte eye to its future greatness, E. M. Johnson "s*^^- for a boat set adrift on either the Missouri or Kaw seeks shore within the limits of this city. The navigation of the Missouri began in May, 1819, when the steamboat Independence ascended the stream from St. Louis to Council Bluffs. She passed Frank- n on May 28, where a dinner was given to her offi- cers on shore. Two years before, the first boat that plowed the waters of the Mississippi Eiver above Cairo, the General Pike, arrived at St. Louis. In August and September, 1819, the steamers Expedition, and Western Engineer navigated the Missouri Eiver ^ 468 HISTORY OF KANSAS. as far as the mouth of the Yellowstone Kiver, having on board a scien- tific party and a number of soldiers, under command of Maj. Long, of the United States army. The advent of steamboats upon the Missouri, in 181'), caused public attention to be attracted to the vast stretches of fertile lands bordering upon the stream. Large numbers of the hardy inhabitants of Vir- ginia, Tennessee and Kentucky vyere attracted to Missouri by the glowing accounts they had received of it. Soon a number of little towns and trading posts were built upon the banks of the river. In 1821 M. Chouteau established a trading post in the East Bottom oppo- site Randolph. In 1825 he was joined by his brother Cyprian. The following years a number of other Frenchmen and their families arrived and settled within the present limits of Kansas City. The Chouteaus were the agents of the American FiU' Company, and they soon estab- lished a large and profitable trade at this point with the Indians. The supplies and goods needed in their business by the Chouteaus were brought here, and the large quantities of furs annually purchased by them were shipped to St. Louis in steamboats. While Kansas City was still known as ' ' Chouteau' s warehouse, ' ' because of a building erected by M. Chouteau on the river front, the overland trade with New Mexico assumed vast proportions. Inde- pendence, Blue Mills and Fort Osage were for several years compet- itors for that trade. All the goods and provisions handled by them in fitting out trains were brought from St. Louis in steamboats. Blue Mills, which is situated six miles below Independence, soon became the favorite landing point for the boats. Independence, being the county seat and the large and more important place, became the headquarters of the Santa Fe trade as early as 1832. It held the bulk of the trade until 1848, when the trade was temporarily suppressed by order of President Santa Anna, of Mexico. Independence traders pre- ferred Wayne City as a landing point for the boats, but they could not induce the river men to abandon Blue Mills. In 1826 Louis Roy established the first ferry at this point. He ran a flatboat from the foot of Grand Avenue to Harlem. In order to provide better access to the ferry than existed at that time, he cut a road through the woods from near the corner of Fifteenth and Walnut Streets, Kansas City, Mo., to the river front. The road furnished, in later years, the means of reaching Westport by a short cut, and had much to do in diverting the great Santa Fe trade from Independ- ence and Blue Mills to Westport by way of " the Landing," which is »!V the Kansas City, Mo., of to-day. In 1837 and 1838 many of the Santa Fe traders began stopping at Westport, and naturally preferred to receive their goods at Westport Landing, only four miles distant, than wagoning them from Independence, twelve miles distant, and Blue Mills, eighteen miles distant. The restrictions imposed by Gen. Santa Anna upon the trade between New Mexico and the United States were considerably modified in 1844, and as Independence and Blue Mills had suffered a setback during the suppression of the trade, considerable of the business done by them was diverted to Westport and Westport Landing. After the Mexican War of 1845 and 1846, Kansas City, which came into being in the latter year, began to do a share of the Santa Fe trade. A number of warehouses had been built in the new town, and their owners went into the Santa Fe trade extensively on their own account. It was at that time that the Missouri River traffic became an important factor in the commerce of that vast section of Uncle Sam's domain lying west of the Alle- ghany Mountains. The discovery of gold in California in 1849 gave an impetus to the business of "the Landing." Many overland parties for the new gold mines were fitted out there. They frequently came in boats and pur- chased their wagons, horses, mules, arms and ammunition, provisions and other supplies. In the meantime the Santa Fe trade prospered. The opening of Kansas and Nebraska to settlement also largely increased the travel upon and traffic business of the Missouri River steamboats. Opposite "the Landing," on the Kansas side, the set- tlement had begun which has resulted in the Kansas City, Kaa., of to-day, the largest and most important municipal and commercial point in the commonwealth. From 1850 until the beginning of the Civil War there was an average of six boats daily at the levee. In 1857 there was a fleet of sixty through boats between St. Lotiis and Mis- souri River points. Over 75.000,000 pounds of merchandise came to Kansas City by boat that year. This point was then said by boatmen to be receiving more freight than any other five places on the river above St. Louis. In May, 1857, steamboats were employed in carry- ing the United States mails, which they did until superseded liy the railroads. In August, 1857, the Missouri River Packet Company made Kansas City its terminal point, and all freight for points higher up the river was transferred here to another line of boats, and tickets for travel on the stage lines were sold here. After the completion of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad to St. Joseph March 1, 1859, a -^ 4^ — ^ 470 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. line of boats was put on the river between Kansas City and that city, as an extension of the shipping facilities of the road. Between 1850 and 1860 nearly all the business houses were along the river front. It was a busy and interesting scene when a steam- boat landed and everybody near by, on both sides of the States line, went down to the levee to see who had arrived and to drum up trade. It was not an uncommon thing for a boat to have between 300 and 400 passengers on board, besides being weighted down to the water's edge with freight of all descriptions and horses, mules and oxen. Passengers frequently slept on the floors of the boats and on tables and in chairs. There was great competition between the officers of the different boats for passenger traffic, and they vied with each other in furnishing accommodations to and setting the tables for their cabin pas- sengers. It was a real luxury to travel on one of the old time Missouii River steamboats. Among the boats plying between St. Louis and Kan- sas City from 1847 to 1857 were the Admiral, Peerless, Sacramento, Cataract, John M. Converse, Morning Star, William Campbell, F. X. Aubrey, Sultan, Emma, Silver Heels, Star of the West, Minnehaha, Col. Crossman, Edinburgh, Ogden and Emigrant. Capts. Yore, Gonsollis, Baker, Kercheval, Wiaeland, Brierly, Shaw, Naason, Bart, Able, Burke, Bissell, Terrill and Boyd were noted river men and pio- neer commanders. The Lightning line was very popular. Its boats were the F. X. Aubrey, Polar Star, New Lucy, Tropic, Cataract and Australia. Then there was the People's line, the boats of which ran from St. Louis to and above St. Joseph. The other boats on the river belonged to com- peting lines. All boats in those days were owned by individuals and not by stock companies, as would seem. The owners would get together and form lines. The Lightning line boats carried the mail and ran in connection with the Missouri Pacific Railway to Jefferson City, where the road terminated. The boats ran to Weston, which is just above Fort Leavenworth. Weston was then the largest shipping point on the river above Kansas City. The boats also ran to St. Joe. In 1856 to 1860 there were at least fifty-seven boats in the Missouri River trade between St. Louis and Council Blufls. A number of boats ran through to Sioux City and Fort Benton. Some of the boats that ran in opposition to the Lightning line were the Peerless, Silver Heels, Minnehaha and Meteor. In the lower end of the river were a num ber of boats running to Miami, Cambridge and Glasgow. Among them were the Kate Swinney, Ben Lewis, Belle of St. Louis, C. W. Ig '3 ^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 471 Sumbart, Soiithwester and Bacon. The William H. Russell ran sev- eral years before the war in the Missouri River trade. Capt. Joe Kinney, of Boonville, built and owned her, together with the Kate Kinney, Joe Kinney, Alice, St. Luke and other boats. The different boats were racing nearly all the time. They were all fast boats and every boat carried a band. Most of them had small brass cannon. When racing they would shoot across each other's bows with blank cartridges. When a boat got ahead of its rival its band would strike up a lively air. The bands also played going to and pulling ovit from a landing. Boats would jockey each other and crowd each other against the banks to avoid being beaten. Notwith- standing the great amount of racing indulged in there were but few accidents as a result. The races were against time, and were generally for a finely mounted pair of deer horns. The boat making the fastest time would take the horns and carry them upon her pilot house or at the guard rail under her bow. Big money was frequently Ijet upon races between boats by sports and river men. In those days all the boats were side -wheelers. The insurance companies did not consider stern-wheelers safe boats for the Missouri River. Afterward they learned that the stern- wheelers were the best. For big carriers and for cheap running they are the superiors of side- wheelers. Before the war the big shipments down the river consisted prin- cipally of hemp and tobacco. There was also considerable live stock shipped to St. Louis from Kansas City and other Missouri River points. Very little grain was shipped then. After the war jute took the place of hemp to a great extent, and it became unprofitable to raise hemp. The down river tralfic consisted of wheat, corn, oats and tobacco. The rapid settlement of Kansas and Nebraska caused the wheat and corn and oats and cattle and hog trade on the river to become immense. If the railroads had not come in with great reduction in the time of carrying freight, the navigation of the river would not have fallen off as it did. Boating on the river was practically suspended during the war. None but Grovernment transports were run at that time. In 1865 the trade revived, and a number of boats came back upon the river. In those days the Omaha line was started. The boats of that line had a big O between their chimneys. There were in the line the steamers Glascow, Columbian, Cornelia and Kate Kinney. They were all large sidewheelers. Their carrying capacity was 800 to 1,000 tons each. At that time there was also a line of steamers run ft-om St. Joseph to '-^ 472 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. Omaha, in connection with the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railway. From 1870 to ]879 the boats of the Missouri Eiver Packet Company and Star Line ran to Kansas City, under the supervision of President E. W. Gould. The boats under his control were the Post Boy. Clara, Fannie Lewis, Alice, St. Luke, Joe Kinney, Gold Dust. David R. Powell, Bright Light, E. H. Durfey, Carroll, Ashland and a number of others. Then there was the Kansas City Electric Packet Company, organized by Capt. Hunter Ben Jenkins, which had the steamers Montana, Dacotah and Wyoming. They ran until 1887. when they were withdrawn from the Kansas City trade. The Montana was sunk at St. Charles bridge. The Dacotah and Wyoming were sold to go into the trade on other rivers. The three boats proved to be the best carriers on low water that were ever built for the Missouri River trade. Thev ran at high rates of speed, carried large cargoes and drew less water than any other boats that ran on the river. There have been no boats on the Missoirri River running to Kansas City since 1887. The A. L. Mason, State of Kansas and State of Missouri are modeled on the same order as the Montana. Dacotah and Wyoming, with such improvements as experience has shown were necessary in order to give them more speed and the greatest possible carrying capacity. During the nine months of navigation in 1857, the arrivals and departures of steamboats at Kansas City numbered about 1,500, which in 1873 had fallen off to 150. In 1883 there were not more than a dozen steamboats engaged in the Missouri River trade. Since the building of so many railroads, the navigation of the Mis- souri River up to and to points above Kansas City has been sub- stantially discontinued. The attempts to introduce river commerce have been more or less futile on account of the unnavigable condition of the Missouri; yet interested persons have persevered, the Govern- ment has aided, and success seems at last to have dawned. The need of these persistent efforts has existed in the fact that though there are numerous railways leading from the consumers and great markets of the East to the smaller markets and producers of the West, the rates for shipping the farmers' products to the Eastern markets, and goods back to the Western markets are exorbitant. It would seem that among so many railroads there would be competing lines, and they do sometimes compete in carrying passengers, but their competition in moving the commerce of the country seldom benefits or gives reasona- ble rates to the people in general. Railroad companies "pool " their interests or manage in some way to keep transportation rates very "T) "V high. Theyiiemand all or nearly all the difference between the actual cost of producing a bushel of grain in the West and its selling price in the East for carrying it to market, thus leaving the farmer little or no profit on his investment and labor. On the other hand they charge so much for carrying goods, groceries, and manufactured articles from the East that the farmers and consumers of the West have to pay exorbitant prices in order to allow the local merchants and salesmen a reasonable profit. The rule works both ways, and the transportation companies re- ceive and pocket the lion's share. This state of affairs has led the Western people, and especially of the two Kansas Cities, to look for relief from the oppression of monopoly by re-establishing navigation upon the Missouri to compete to some extent with the railroads. To this end the movement that has resulted in the organization of the Kansas City & Missouri River Transportation Company, with a subscribed capital stock of $130,000, by the people of Kansas City, Mo., and Kansas City, Kas., was inaugurated: the last and most fruitful to date of sev- eral of much historical interest. The history of the persistent and long-continued attempts of lead- ing citizens and capitalists to secure to the Kansas Cities the benefits of barge and other river navigation is interesting, not alone on account of its importance, but as illustrating the patient perseverance which characterizes many of the efforts which have been piit forth for the enhancement of local commercial interests. The idea originated with Hon. W. H. Miller, who first gave it pub- licity in an article which appeared editorially in the Kansas City Journal, on the 23d of April, 1872, during Mr. Miller's connection with that paper as commercial editor and writer. In this article it was urged that quick transit by rail, and the difficulty and uncer- tainty of navigating the river during the latter part of the summer, had rendered steamboating unprofitable; that this point was com- pelled to receive and ship its freight by the various railroads, and that although it was favorably situated in that respect, it could not offer the inducements necessary for the shipment of the products of the surrounding country, nor to merchants in neighboring towns to supply themselves here with what they wanted for their customers; that local advantages in freights east were not sufficient to render it entirely im- possible to load grain on the cars in Kansas, Nebraska, Western Mis- souri and Western Iowa, for the markets to which grain from Kansas City was shipped, and in consequence, the smaller places in the district named, having access to Kansas City railroads, became collecting 30 474- HISTORY OF KANSAS. centors for the grain around them, and shipped it direct to Eastern mar- kets; and that a barge line would remove these conditions, and for obvious reasons secure to Kansas City benefits such as could not ac- crue from any other enterprise. This article excited deep interest among the merchants, and was followed by others presenting more in detail the benefits it was pro- posed to secure. The Kansas City (Mo. ) board of trade took up the subject and referred it to a standing committee on internal im- provements. April 29 this committee addressed letters to Col. Octave Chanute, then superintendent of the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Gal- veston llailroad, and Capt. James B. Eads, long foremost in engineer- ing enterprises in the West, Southwest and South, both of whom strongly favored the proposed measure, concurring in an opinion as to its feasibility and advantages. With the beginning of 1873 there was a more determined effort made to secure barge navigation, and it was proposed to put the matter to a practical test. A committee was ap- pointed to ascertain if barges could be secured, and if so, what guar- antee would be required. Correspondence with the Mississippi Valley Transportation Company, of St. Louis, then the only users of barges on the Western rivers, elicited but little satisfaction, but a subscription guarantee of $5,000 was provided for. About this time St. Louis parties were arranging for a convention of Western congressmen to be held in that city May 13, to awaken a more general interest among them in the improvement of Western rivers. Kansas City was invited to send delegates, and the board of trade appointed a committee to attend. Mr. Miller was one of the delegates, and during his three-days' stay in St. Louis he wrote and secured the publication in the St. Louis Globe of three editorial arti- cles on barge navigation and transportation on the Missouri from a St. Louis point of view, favoring it as a St. Louis enterprise. Other St. Louis papers, which had a year before ridiculed the idea, now commended it, and the Kansas City press, which (the Journal excepted) had opposed the enterprise, now fell into line and urged the movement already on foot to secure a practical test. A contract was soon afterward effected with the Mississippi Valley Transportation Company, to make a trial trip on a guaranty of $2, 700. It was proposed to load the barges with grain. The season of the year was unfavorable, 'and grain was so scarce that it was only with Consid- erable difficulty that a cargo was secured; and no sooner had this ob- ject been attained than it was found impossible to secure proper in- ^^ ^ surance of the grain, and its owners refusing to assume the risk them selves, the project was necessarily abandoned. After this failure, came the panic of 1873, which crippled enter- prise for some years, and it was not until 1877 that another important movement to secure barge transportation was made. On March 10 of that year, at a meeting of grain merchants, the subject was referred to a committee who conferred with the Great Ceutrul Dispatch Com- pany, which proposed to put barges on the river. But nothing came of the effort. On the evening of January 17, 1878, a meeting was held, at which a committee was appointed to further the barge naviga- tion project, for the grain business had now attained such proportions that the absolute necessity of this facility was quite generally admitted. This committee reported at another meeting held two days later, rec- ommending the organization of a Kansas City Company, with a cap- ital of $50,000, to own and operate liarges. This proposition was so favorably received that $4,500 was subscribed at 6Qce. Resolutions were adopted, asking Congress for appropriations to remove snags and other obstructions from the river channel, and a committee of twenty was appointed to place the stock of the company. This committee met on the 2Gtb and perfected plans, and on the 23d a large public meeting was held at the Board of Trade rooms in Kansas City, Mo. The committee of twenty had placed about 20,000 shares of the stock and secured promises to take about 10,000 additional shares, when the bank suspensions of 1878 occurred, after which further progress was impossible. But, it seeming probable that the balance of the stock could be placed during the spring, at a public meeting held on Feb- ruary 12, the subscribers decided to proceed with the organization of the company, and a committee was appointed to prepare the neces- sary papers. On the 14th the company elected directors. Finding it impossible in the existing state of financial affairs to place the remainder of the stock, the company never tiled its papers, but it partly accomplished its objects in another way. A committee went to St. Louis to see if barges could be obtained. They could buy none, but they came in contact with the Babbage and Mississippi Val- ley Transportation Companies, both of which became so interested in the iiroject, that they sent fleets of barges to Kansas City that year. The first of these fleets to arrive was that of the Mississippi Valley Transportation Company, consisting of the steamer Grand Lake and three barges. It left Kansas City for St. Louis July 5, taking out 83,540 bushels of wheat, and though hampered by some inconven- ^^^^^^ -^ iences, made the trip in safety. The next fleet was the first of the Babbage Transportation Company, which consisted of the steamer A. J. Baker and three barges, which made three trips during the season, leaving this point July 27, carrying 62,038 bushels of corn; August 12, carrying 50,938 bushels of corn, and August 31, carrying 44,198 bushels of wheat; all three trips proving highly successful. The costs of the freight to the shipper by these barges was d^ cents per bushel, including insurance, the railway rates being about 8 cents per bushel on corn and 13 on wheat. It cost the barge companies aboiit 2|- cents a bushel to carry the grain to St. Louis, and it was esti- mated that grain could thus be carried from Kansas City to New Orleans at a cost to shippers of 7 cents per hundred weight, and afFord a fair profit to the carriers, which facts and deductions were accepted as proof of the availability of barge transportation on the Missouri. Early in 1879 Congress was memorialized on the improvement of the Missouri River. In May a party of United States engineers ar- rived in Kansas City and began work on the improvements of the river a few miles north of the city, an appropriation of $30, 000 having been secured for that purpose, but the navigation of the Missouri by barges, which had been so successfully begun in the preceding year, was abandoned because of the railroad war, which temporarily reduced railway freight transportation to a cost less than even barges could afford. Before this occurred, however, the Star packet line had made arrangements to run one barge with each packet, and other par- ties had caused a tug and tow to be built especially for the Missouri River trade. Near the close of the year 1880 a barge-line company was organ- ized in Kansas City, with a capital of $100,000, and one boat and four barges were purchased for the Missouri River traffic of the ensuing year, but, owing to causes purely commercial, the barge fleet was not put in operation on the Missouri, but it was employed on the Missis- sippi, and held in readiness for transfer to the Missouri, whenever its use should be demanded. Growing out of this revival of the move- ment for barge navigation, was an interest in the subject which resulted in a meeting of people of Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska and Iowa, at Kansas City, in September, 1880, to discuss the improvement of the river by Congressional appropriation. In October, 1881, a general river- improvement convention was held in St. Louis, which was par- ticipated in by Kansas City and the whole Missouri Valley, and in No- "^-^ ►Pv" ^ ^ — ^ ^ — ^i^. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 477 vember another convention, specially in the interest of the improve- ments of the Missouri River, was held at St. Joseph, which was largely attended and very enthusiastic. In pursuance of the vote of this con- vention, a delegation was sent to Washington to present the subject and urge upon Congress a large appropriation in bulk for that part of the river between Sioux City and St. Louis. The result of this effort was the adoption by Congress of the policy urged, and the voting of an appropriation of §850,000 for the part of the river specified. This delegation was composed of Kansas City men. Early in 1882 the hitherto disjointed and independent efforts of different localities for river improvement became united in one general movement, and a commit- tee was appointed by the co-operation of the different commercial ex- changes in the Mississippi Valley, known as the Executive Committee on the Improvement of Western Waterways, under the auspices of which subsequent efforts were made. Kansas City was from the first ably represented in this committee. In 1882 the barge company, hav- ing met with misfortune in the operation of its barges on other rivers, and in the death of CajDt. Poe, upon whom much dependence was placed, resolved to sell its barges and withdraw from the business. It was believed by those interested in the movement for river im- provement that later appropriations would be obtained if the people were vigilant, and the desired improvements ultimately secured and barge transportation on an extensive scale be assured, but substan- tially nothing was done to this end during 1883. Although a large appropriation had been secured from the last Congress for this pur- pose, given in bulk for that section of the river between St. Louis and Sioux City, in place of all local appropriations which it had been the previous practice of Congress to grant, there was done scarcely enough work on the river to maintain improvements previously made iipon local appropriations, a condition of things due chiefly to the fact that the engineer in charge regarded the appropriation made as a com- mittal of the government to the policy he had recommended in making large general appi-opriations; and not having the machinery and appli- ances on hand to make an economical use of so considerable a sum, he expended the bulk of it in procuring the requisite plant upon which to carry forward improvements rapidly and economically under the expected future appropriations. He and the public were disappointed, however, by the failure of Congress at its next session to make any appropriation whatever; hence he had no funds in hand for the actual improvement of the river. ^^=^^ ^=.fr J^l 478 HISTORY OF KANSAS. At this time ptiblic interest in river improvements was stronger than ever before, and it was hoped that the next and future Congresses would take liberal action toward insixring the desired result. An ap- propriation secured in 1884 was disbursed in the improvements of Kaw Bend; another granted in 3886 was expended on Quindaro Bend. There have been no appropriations since, and beyond local work, noth- ing has been done toward the improvement of the river. The con- dition of the Missouri is so unfavorable to barge navigation that it is estimated that $10,000,000 will be required to pay for sufficient work to make it practicable between St. Louis and Sioux City, but contin- uous and well-directed effort will surely yet accomplish this object so long desired and so earnestly striven for. The organization of another barge line is being agitated, and the newspapers of the two Kansas Cities and other places in the valley are advocating another "River Convention," to be held at this point during the coming fall. The following is from the Kansas City Times: "Doubts that an enthu- siastic and representative gathering from Missouri River cities can be convened in Kansas City in the autumn to consider the question of river improvement, and urge liberal action upon Congress, have been en- tirely dissipated, if any ever existed, to judge from the cordial unanim- ity with which the suggestion of the Times has been seconded by lead- ing citizens in all walks of commercial and professional life. Organi- zation and action alone are now needed to carry forward the idea to a successful consummation." Commenting on this paragraph, the Jefferson City Times said: "The suggestion made by the Times will meet with hearty appi'oval. Every town interested will send representatives to the meeting, and no doubt Senators Vest and Cockrell and Ci^ngressmen Bland, Tarsney, Heard, Norton and others would be delighted to attend. Some unity of action is badly needed. Heretofore scarcely any two Congressmen have agreed as to what Ihe river needs. The people must become familiar with the Missouri River and learn each other' s views. ' ' In all of those efforts the people of Kansas City, Kas., were from the first vitally interested, and nobly they did their part. Though doomed to repeated disappointments, they have never been disheart- ened. If the Missouri could not be successfully navigated between St. Louis and Sioux City, that fact furnished no argument why it should not be successfully navigated between St. Louis and Kansas City, and as early as October, 1888, the movement had its inception which has resulted, with the co-operation of citizens of the two Kansas ^ -4r<' WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 479 Cities, in the steamboat triumph of 1890. At that time Capt. Rnxton laid before F. S. Treadway, then superintendent of transportation of the Armour Packing Company, the idea of a line of packets on the Mis- souri River. Such a line he believed would pay, and would cheapen the cost of transportation for Kansas City merchants very materially. At the next Commercial Clab meeting the subject was brought up by Mr. Treadway, but only one gentleman was found at that time who favored the project. The matter was worked up quietly, however, and it was determined to undertake to secure a line of boats by raising stock among the business men who had large shipments. The first idea was to buy two boats, the Wyoming and Dakota, then tied up at St. Louis, and equip them for the service. By considerable effort .13,500 was secured, with the idea of putting it into the boats to get their owners to put them on the Missouri River run. By the time the money was raised, however, the owners had become tired of waiting, and one boat had been sold for a railroad transfer and the other had been sent South, where profitable business was found for it. Then the amount subscribed was raised to $7,000, with the idea of buying an old boat and equipping her for the trade. However, it was decided that this scheme would prove unprofitable, as a boat large enough to affect busi- ness could not be secured for ihat price. In May, 1889, the idea of raising enough to purchase two new boats was taken up, and Mr. Treadway resigned his position with the Ar- mour Packing Company to take charge of the enterprise and to at- tempt to raise the money. The projectors of the enterprise decided that^$75,000 would be necessary, but that they had best ask for $100,- 000 in order to secure enough. The ground was gone all over again, most of the work of soliciting being done by Mr. Treadway. S. B. Armour, who had originally pledged $500, was persuaded to raise his subscription to $5,000, and W. E. Winner and Capt. Ruxton agreed to put in $2,000 each. The work was prosecuted very quietly and with indifferent success until the 1st of August, when the newspapers were interested, and began to boom the project. Much effective work was done by them, and a very healthy public interest was awakened in the proposed line, which bore good fruit afterward. In this condition the matter was, when the Commercial Club re- sumed its meetings last fall, and with its characteristic energy took the project up and pushed it. The subject of water transportation was chosen as one of the subjects of early attention by President Faxon and the board, and at the first meeting, held September 8, Mr. ?|V 480 HISTORY OF KANSAS. E. H. AUea spoke of its importance, dwelling on the arguments in favor of water transportation adduced at the Western Waterways' Convention, held in Cincinnati during the summer, which he had at- tended. At a meeting of the club, held a couple of weeks afterward, Mr. Treadway read a paper detailing what had been done in the ef- fort to secure boats for the river, and discussing the feasibility of se- curing sufficient subscriptions to build new boats. At a meeting of the club held October 22, 1889, the movement to establish a line of freight boats on the Missouri River was brought up for consideration by J. C. James. Several members spoke on the sub- ject, all strongly favoring the formation of a joint stock company of $100,000 for the purchase and operation of two steamers built specially for the river. A motion was introduced and adopted, providing for the appointment by the chair of a committee of twenty to jaromote the speedy formation of a company. This committee commenced work the very next day. On October 28 a meeting of the Commercial Exchange was held, at which President E. H. Allen appointed a committee to solicit sub- scriptions for the line, and the next day a joint meeting of the two committees was held in the Commercial Club rooms. G. F. Putnam was elected chairman and F. T. Treadway, secretary, and it was de- cided to assign different members of the committee to different lines of business in which to work for subscriptions. The next day the mem- bers got out and began active work so effectively that by the 5th of November, when a meeting was held to report progress, about $30,000 had been raised. At the request of the committee, the meeting of November 19 was made an open one for the consideration of the boat line project. At this meeting a large delegation of citizens of Kansas City, Kas. (members, many of them, of the board of trade of this city, and the Kaw Valley Commercial Club), who were interested in water transportation, were present. Mr. A. L. Mason was called upon and made some vigorous remarks on the importance of raising the necessary funds, stating that in his belief .$130,000 should be raised to equip the company. The subscription committee reported that $15,450 had bean raised, and at the meeting $6,550 more was subscribed, part of it being pledged by the Kansas City, Kas., repre- sentatives, by R. W. Hilliker, who was their spokesman. November 23 another mass meeting was held in the Commercial Club rooms, when the avowed purpose was to raise the $100,000 before adjournment. Speeches were made by prominent business men of both WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 481 cities. Joseph CaliD, vice-president of the club, wlio was in the chair, then called for subscriptions, and the necessary amount was raised, Bishop Ussher having the honor of subscribing the last $100, when it was found that the actual sum subscribed was |!25 in excess of the $100,000 asked for. Embodying Mr. Mason's previously expressed opinion, it was declared the sense of the club that the committee con- tinue its work until the amount of $130,000 be raised, so that the packet line coiild, if thought expedient, purchase three boats. A meeting of the soliciting committee was held November 26, when it was decided that the organization of the subscribers to the stock of the packet line should be made on the following Saturday night, and a committee was appointed to arrange a plan of organization to be sub- mitted that night. Meanwhile, on November 18, a communication had been addressed to Mr. A. L. Mason, by a large number of the subscribers of stock, asking him to accept the presidency of the line, and Mr. Mason im- mediatel}' accepted the trust. His decision to became so prominently identified with the project had an important bearing on its ultimate suc- cess, and aided very greatly in the work of raising the necessary funds. At the meeting held in the Commercial Club rooms, Saturday evening, November 30, $10,500 more was raised, and the subscribers completed their organization, under the name of the Kansas City & Missouri River Transportation Company. The company began preparation for the building at once. A com- mittee of three was sent East, to look into the subject of building the boats. The company found that it had $114,000 at its disposal, but as three boats, which number was deemed necessary for the amount of business which the line would secure, would cost $110,000, it was de- cided to raise the balance of the $130,000, a margin of $20,000 being considered necessary to stai't the line. A committee of stockholders now took hold of the subscription, relieving the Commercial Club's committee, which, however, coniinued to lend its aid. Mr. Mason, who had already sub.scribed $5,500, agreed to make up any deficiency which should exist at the close and to contribute his services for the first year gratis. The committee of three, before returning home, made con- tracts for the building of the three boats, the members giving their personal guarantee for the payment of the money. The contract was let to the Madison Marine & Railway Construction Company, of Madison, Ind. Fifty per cent of the stock subscribed was immediately called in. In January it was found that the whole of the $130,000 ^-^ w- 482 HISTORY OF KANSAS. had been raised, and the company was formally incorporated in Feb- ruary with the directors and officers chosen in November. By the terms of the contract with the builders, the first boat was to have been launched April 1, the second a month later, and the third thirty days after that. The work was so delayed that the first steamer, which had been named by the directors the A. L. Mason, in honor of the president, was not launched until May 30. The two other boats will be known respectively as the State of Kansas and the State of Missouri. The arrival of the A. L. Mason, with her first cargo of freight, July 8, was a matter of great commercial importance to Kansas City. The object of the establishment of the line was to secure the advan- tage of water competition in freight rates. There are many classes of freight which will not be in the least affected, because the matter of time is the most important with them, and merchants will not ship by water, even at cheaper rates. There are other larger classes of freight, and perhajjs the most important in their relations to business, which will be materially affected. Those cities which have water competition have always an advantage over their neighbors in the matter of rates. It must necessarily be so, for, in the laws which govern them, rates are the same as all other commodities men offer for sale. First in consid- eration will come the rates on grain and food products. The question of grain rates from the Missouri River, and beyond to the seaboard, is an imjKirlant one. for on the rates which are established depends the prices which Western farmers receive for their crops. The railroads seem inclined to adhere to the position taken, that the rates they have established are low enough, though they are continually furnishing arguments against their position by making concessions in the matter of rates to large shippers, or to their own special friends. The Farm- ers' Alliance of Kansas has taken the matter up and asked the State railroad commissioners to order their roads to reduce rates to the Mis- souri Kiver. So far the commissioners have not seen their way to or- der the reduction, but perhaps their eyes will be opened to the justice of the demand when they see the effect of the packet line on Kansas City as a market. That there will be no great change effected this year is probable, as the railroads will very likely let the boats carry what freight they can, but those who are fortunate to load her will be able to take advantage of the market and to get their grain to the sea- board at a difference in rates which will leave them a very handsome margin of profit. The Kansas City & Missouri River Transporta- '■ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 483 tion Company will not be able to carry more than one-tenth of the grain of this market, even when running at the full capacity of its boats, but by the laws of commerce the rates on that one-tenth and the prices it will bring at the end of the route will fix the rates and prices for the other nine-tenths which go by rail. The roads will feel the argument of facts by another year, if they do not this. Should the Inter- State Commerce Commission decide that the present rate of 30 cents on grain and grain products from the river is excessively high, and should the roads, as they threaten, make trouble about carry- ing out the order, the commission will find in the packet line a very strong aid; the logic of the river rates will be a very strong argument to persuade the roads to their views. The effect of the redistribution of values, which may be confidently looked for, will be to make grain worth a cent a bushel more to the Kansas farmer, and to establish for him a market near at home on the Missouri Kiver, where he may get quicker returns in money for his crops. Pig iron is another class of freight on which rates will be affected by the river line. At present the railroads are charging higher rates on pig iron from points in Alabama than they are from Chicago, which is the same distance away, and are classing this point with Omaha, 200 miles farther on. A little Missouri water may cure them of their shortsightedness. Anthracite coal will also be reduced in price by the river line, for coal can be sent all the way by water now, at a great saving in the rates of transporta- tion, and every dollar taken off the cost of carrying will reduce the price of coal that much to the consumer. There are many other similar benefits which a well-patronized boat line will bring. They must not all be looked for with the arrival of the first boat, nor within a week or a month, but as soon as the line can establish its business the benefits will come. A little patience is needed, and the merchants of Kansas City by another season will be convinced that the money they have subscribed to the packet line has been well invested. It was 5:30 p. m. when the Mason approached Kansas City. From the high bluff that overhangs the Missouri levee, a short distance below the Hannibal bridge, a battery of artillery at 5:40 that gala afternoon, gave the signal of welcome. Fifteen thousand people saw the gallant vessel coming around the bend in the river, and while shouting themselves hoarse and waving a greeting to her, watched the Mason move majestically up to the wharf, and at 6:15 she was at a standstill. " Never in the history of the two Kansas Cities," accord- "B \ " ^: ^^ 484 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. ing to a local paper, " has any stroke of public enterprise been re- ceived with such popular demonstration as the reception given to the lirstof the Kansas City & Missouri River Transportation Company's fleet of steamers. When the Mason touched the v?harf, the crowd broke for it with a wild whoop, and desjjile the efforts of an army of policemen, the people rushed aboard with a yell of delight, and proceeded at once to make themselves at home, while the immense throng that couldn't get aboard remained on the banks and kept up the noisy wel- come." A large body of the citizens of Kansas City, Kas. , went down to Liberty Landing and took the trip back on the Mason. Hon. R. W. Hilliker was called upon for a speech. He said that he could hardly realize that the talk of last winter had already taken shape in a " real live" boat and that he was a guest upon it. He said that the enterprise must inevitably help both cities. It was the biggest thing the two cities ever had, next to the building of the bridge. He promised that when the steamer "State of Kansas" arrived, every State official, from Gov. Humphrey down, would be present to welcome her, for the State appreciated this honor done in christening one of the boats after her. Mayor Coy said that in congratulating the pro- moters of this enterprise upon their success, he but voiced the senti- ment of his common council, his people and the business men gener- ally of Kansas City, Kas. His city owed much to the successful com- pletion of this line of boats, and he predicted that it would work wonders for Kansas City, Kas. He urged business men to patronize the new line not only for their own profit, but for the profit of the company. Money could be made, he argued, by shipping freight over this line. He was firmly convinced that it would prove a pay- ing investment. Among the Kansas Kansas City-ites present were: Mayor W. A. Coy; Councilmen W. H. Norton, G. C. Eaton, R. W. Hilliker, James A. Young, James Sullivan, Harvey Allen, D. W. Troup, W. A. Pyle, J. L. Jones, F. M. Tracy, City Clerk Benjamin Schnierle, Nelson Garcelon, W. B. Taylor, William Albright, J. D. Cruise, George W. Martin, Will Holcomb, W. H. Bridgens, G. H. Parsons, Charles Simpson, Fred Maegley, Samuel Hortsman, Ben Freidberg. E. S. W. Drought, W. H. Ryus, Chester Bullock, W. W. Haskell, D. B. Hadley, John Arthur, I. La Grange, O. K. Serviss, George Stumpf. The arrival of the State of Kansas, a little later, was distinctively a "Kansas day" and the arrival, in due time, of the State of Mis- souri, was signalized by a burst of enthusiasm from the people over the c) I - la ,, state liue; bat the day of the arrival of the Mason was the "great day." That event was first, and possessed all the attributes of novelty. It recalled the early days when steamboating was in its prime in the West and everything clustered about and everything happened on the levee. The earliest boats that navigated the waters of the Kaw, aside from the primitive canoes used by the Indians, were the "keel boats "' in- troduced by the Chouteaus. One of the brothers, Fred, established a trading-house in 1830 among the Kaws at Mission Creek. He ob- tained his goods from his brother's establishments at the mouth of the Kaw, and brought them up the river in these keel boats in August, returning the next spring loaded with peltries, which he shipped from Kansas City to St. Louis by steamboat. The boats were rib- made, shaped like the hull of a steamboat and decked over. The width across the deck was usually eight or ten feet and the depth below five or six. They were rigged with one mast, a rudder and four rowlocks on each side. Mr. Chouteau states that in going up the river they av- eraged about fifteen miles a day, pulling all the time, and that on their return trips, the water being generally low, they were sometimes a month from Mission Creek to the mouth of the river, but in favorable times had gone down in a day. The boats were manufactured in St. Louis and used on the Kaw only by the Chouteaus. The pioneers of steam- boat navigation on the Kansas River were Capt. Baker and C. A. Perry, owners, and the former was captain of the little steamer Excel, which made several trips to Fort Riley in the spring and summer of 1854 to deliver Government freight. The June trips of the steamer extended some forty miles up the Smoky Hill. The Excel was a stern-wheel steamer and rather too long for river navigation. The return June trip from Fort Riley to the mouth of the river was made in twenty- four hours. The first steamer that made a landing at Lawrence and Topeka was the Emma Harmon, Capt. J. M. Wing. This boat, which was a stern-wheel steamer, with two engines of 180-horse power, left Lawrence on May 21 for Fort Riley, but only ventured as far up as Topeka, which place was reached six days after leaving Lawrence. Capt. Wing, after this experiment, decided to extend his trips no farther up the river than Lawrence. The financier left Lawrence for Fort Riley about the same time with the Emma Harmon. She was detained by sand bars between Douglas and Tecumseh, but finally passed up to Topeka, where she received some of the freight of the Emma Harmon and continued, up the river towart the fort. Capt. ^ '^ 486 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Morrison, of the Financier, also became discouraged in consequence of the extreme difficulty of navigating the Kansas. The Hartford ar- rived from Cincinnati the same month (May, 1855.) with passengers and freight for Junction City. The boat grounded at Manhattan, and after remaining there a week for a rise in the river, sold out freight to the Manhattanites and started dov^n the river. When opposite St. Mary's the boat took tire from prairie tires and was destroyed. The Hartford advertised rates between Kansas City and Lawrence at 75 cents per hundred for freight and $4 for passengers up, and 13 for passengers down the river. A part of the machinery of the Hartford was recovered in 1809, and buried on the shore, it being impracticable in the low stage of water to take it down the river. The Minnie Bell, of Pittsburg, made several trips up and down the river in 1858. In 1859 the steamer Silver Lake, Capt. Willoughby, made several trips, once going as far up as Junction City. The Calona, Otis Webb and the Col. Gus Linn, Capt. Beasly, also made trips to the same point, the two latter unloading and taking on freight at Topeka. In the fall of the same year, Capt. Nelson, of Wyandotte, made a trial trip in his new steamer Star of the West, but unfortunately got aground at Le- compton and was obliged to remain there all winter. In June, 1860, the Kansas Valley, Capt. Nelson, lauded freight at the levee at Te- cumseh. The boat drew only nine inches of water and could navigate the Kaw if any steamboat could. In the spring of 1861 the Kansas Valley entered the "relief service." She started from Atchison on her last trip of this nature with a forty-ton cargo, part of which was landed at Topeka, March, 1861, at the foot of Kansas Avenue. This cargo was stored in the storehouse at the corner of Sixth Avenue and Jackson Street, known to Topekans of that period as the "Bean House." The last steamboat on the river was run by Capt. E. Hens- ley, of Leavenworth, for a short time between Lawrence and Topeka. ^-. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 487 *^3I06RAPHICAL.= John E. Adams is foreman of the pickle cellar for the Kansas City Packing Company, and although born in Belfast, Ireland, March 25, 1826, he has been a resident of the United States, and a subject of "Uncle Sam" since 1848. His parents, Henry and Elizabeth (Rich- ardson) Adams, were also born in Ireland, and there the mother died, when the subject of this sketch was a lad about fourteen years of age. His early life was spent in a packing-house in his native land, and since his ninth year he has been familiar with this business, having worked at it every year since that time, with the exception of the- year that he was fifteen years of age, when he followed the sea. At the age of twenty-one years he came to America, to seek his fortune, and during the winter of 1848-49 was employed in a packing-house at Cincinnati, Ohio, but in the latter year he removed to St. Louis, which place con- tinued to be his home until 1884, working during this time for the pack- ing firm of Henry Aiues & Co., of St. Louis, thirteen years, and later for Robert McAllister, Francis "Whittaker, John J. Roe, Thomas Stanton and Bassett & Lincoln, a goodly portion of this time acting as foreman. He finally, in 1881, entered the employ of Morris, Butt & Co., and has remained with them ever since, the firm name being changed to the Kansas City Packing Company. In 1884 he was transferred from St. Louis to Kansas City, since which time he has been foreman of the pickle cellar at this place. Mr. Adams is honorable and strictly up- right in all his dealings, and has always proved himself a valuable man to his employers and an acquisition to the cities in which he has resided. His marriage to Miss Ann Ingram took place in 1844, but she died in 1857, after having borne three children: Eliza Jane, James and William H. In 1859 Mr. Adams married Miss Elizabeth RobisoD, who died in 1875, leaving one child, Margaret, and in 1880 was married to his present wife, Bridget Cunniss. Mr. Adams is a stanch Democrat in his political views. H. L. Alden, the senior member of the law firm of Alden, McCrew & "Watson, is closely identified with the growth and prosperity of the county, and particularly of Kansas City, Kas. He is a native of 488 HISTORY or kansas. Massachusetts, having come to this State in the fall of 1867, when but twenty years of age, and settled in Wyandotte (now Kansas City, Kas.), where he has resided since that time. His literary education was received at Monson Academy, Monson, Mass., and at Kimball Union Academy, Meriden, N. H. He was engaged in teaching for two years before coming to Kansas, as principal of an academy in Pennyslvania, and during the first year of his residence here he had charge as teacher of the city schools, after which he entered the law office of Hon. Stephen A. Cobb, and actively commenced the study of law. He was admitted to practice in the courts of the State, in April, 1870, since which time he has been actively engaged in the practice of his chosen profession, and by his energy, close application and devotion to the interests of his clients, has gained the confidence of the public, and for years has stood in the front rank of the pro- fession in the State. Soon after his admission to the bar, he formed a partnership with his former preceptor, which association continued until Mr. Cobb's death in 1878. In 1879 Mr. Alden formed a partner- ship with Henry McCrew, which has continued up to the present time. George B. Watson, the other partner, joining said partnership Janu- ary 1, 1887. In the management of his eases, Mr. Alden has achieved unusual success. He is a profound student and a fluent speaker, and his intelligent, broad views on all matters of public interest has made him one of the county's most highly respected and esteemed citizens. He is a lineal descendant of John Alden, of the " Mayflower," the first to land on Plymouth Rock and immortalized by Longfellow in his poem of "The Courtship of Miles Standish."' Mr. Alden is a Re- publican, and has always taken quite an interest in politics, and has held several positions of honor and trust. He was city clerk of the city of Wyandotte during the year 1869. In 1872 he was elected to the ofiice of county attorney for Wyandotte County, and re-elected in 1874, holding such position for two consecutive terms of two years each. In 1876 he was elected a member of the State Legislature, and served for two years as a member of the House of Representatives. In 1882 he was again elected to the position of county attorney, this time serving one term. He served on the Republican State Central Committee, when George T. Anthony was nominated for and elected governor, and was a member of the National Republican Convention in 1888, which nominated Harrison for President. Hon.. Harvey Allen, real estate, loan and insurance agent, Armour- dale, Kas. The principal necessity to the success of the real estate ■ « l^ r^ H ^ 6 r- ^ h V business, the safest and surest form of investment, is to Lave reliable agents, who are thoroughly posted on their city and locality. Such an one has Armourdale in Hon. Harvey Allen. This gentleman was origin- ally from the Buckeye State, his birth occurring in Hamilton County on April 16, 1824, on Gen. Harrison's farm. His parents, Stephen and Ann (Clendenning) Allen, were natives of New York and Ohio, re- spectively. The father was a prominent tiller of the soil, and removed from Ohio to Shelby County, Ind., where he received his final sum- mons. His family consisted of three children, two now living, of whom Harvey Allen is the elder. He was early trained to the duties of the farm in Shelby County, Ind.. whither he had moved with his parents in 1829, when only five years of age, and here he received his education in the common schools. In 184fi he enlisted in the Mexican War, in the Third Indiana Regiment, in Gen. Taylor's department, and served one year. He learned the cabinet-maker's trade, and this followed un- til coming West. In 1856 he emigrated to Leavenworth, Kas.. and was one among the first settlers. He took up a claim, farmed a short time, and then returned to Leavenworth, where he embarked in the furniture business, carrying it on for about eight years. During his residence here he was a member of the Board of Education for eio-ht years, and also, at the same time, was a member of the City Council for six years. In 1867 and 1868 he was a member of the Legislature, and was very prominent, politically. In 1870 he embarked in contract- ing and building iron bridges, which he carried on until 1888, or a period of eighteen years. He was connected with the Kansas City Bridge & Iron Company for eight years. In 1883 he removed to Armourdale, Kas. , and bought the property where he now lives, which was then in a big corn-field. He had but little capital on coming here, but invested safely and made a lucky hit. For the last two years he has turned his attention strictly to the real estate business. He is prominently identified with the building interests of Armourdale, and in 1890 was elected to the city council. In 1857, at the organization of the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Railroad, now the South- ern Kansas Railroad, he was elected one of the directors, which po- sition he filled for seven years, being secretary of the company for two years. He assisted in making the first survey of that line fi-om Leavenworth via Lawrence, through Indian Territory to Fort Gib- son. He was married, first in 1845, in Indiana, to Miss Martha J. Russell, who bore him one son, James M. (of Leavenworth). His sec- ond marriage occurred on March 23, 1858, to Miss Katie Helfenstein. 490 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. Mr. Allen is a Mason, and treasurer of Armourdale Lodge No. 271. Kobert Allison, dairyman, Kansas City, Kas. Prominent among the successful and enterprising citizens of Kansas City, Kas. , stands the name of Mr. Allison, who engaged in the dairy business at this place in 1881, and who is one of the pioneers in that industry. He was born in Kenfrewshire, Scotland, in 1828, and followed farming in that country until 1871, when he and family came to America, locating in Wyandotte County, Kas. There Mr. Allison entered a paint shop, Union Pacific Work Shops, and was thus engaged for eight years. He was married in Scotland to Miss Grace Ewing, who died there, and who bore him four children, three living: Elizabeth, Jeanette and James. The son is in Washington, engaged in the mercantile busi- ness, and the two daughters are in Scotland. Mr. Allison's second marriage was to Miss Agnes Elder, and four children were born to this union: Jean, Agnes, Matthew and Walter. Mr. and Mrs. Allison are worthy members of the Presbyterian Church, and he was one of the first elders. They were formerly members of the Congregational Church. Politically he is a stanch Republican. He is the owner of thirty-two lots joining Chelsea Park, and has it all well improved. He has been actively engaged in the dairy business, of which he has made a success. Maj. Eli W. Anderson, dealer in real estate and insurance agent, Ar- mourdale, Kas. This prominent citizen located in this place in 1881, when there were but seven houses erected, and not a plank down in the town for a sidewalk. He was born in Xenia, Greene County, Ohio, and in 1854 emigrated to Galveston, Tex., thence in August, 1860, to Indiana. Two years later he enlisted in Company I, Seventy-second Indiana Regiment, and served until September 19, 1803, when he was wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, lying on the battle-field for twelve days. His wound was through the left thigh, and he was subsequently mustered out on account of disability. He enlisted as a private, was commissioned a major, and was mustered out as a lieutenant. He was captured on September 19, 1863, but was paroled. His army expe- rience was not pleasant, and to this day he suffers very severely from his wound. After service he settled in Champaign County, 111. , moved fi'om there to Danville, 111., thence to Indianapolis, Ind., and followed merchandising for about eight years. In 1878 he came to Kansas City, Mo. , and there resided for four years, being in the employ of the Fort Scott Railroad Company. In 1881 he moved to Armourdale, and was the first postmaster at that place, having started the office in liL WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 491 1882. He served one term. During this time he was also in the real estate business, and the same year he incorporated the little town of Armourdale. He drew all the ordinances for Armourdale for the first year, some of which are yet on the docket. In 1882 he was appointed as school director, and he drew all the plans and specifications for their present fine school building, superintending its construction. Since that time he has turned his attention almost exclusively to the real- estate and loan business, dealing altogether with city property, and is doing a thriving business. He drew the ordinance for the grade on Kansas Avenue, and is a prominent citizen. The name of the firm is now E. W. Anderson & Son. The Major is the father of Armourdale, and has witnessed the growth from seven houses to its now population of 8,000, a thriving little city. Much credit is due Maj. Anderson for his enterprise and integrity in building this city. He is of Scotch origin, and his parents, James and Nancy (Kendall) Anderson, are both natives of Scotland. The grandfather emigrated to Ohio in 1804, settled on a piece of military land near Xenia, and there his death occurred. Socially the Major is a Mason, and a mem- ber of the Grand Army; politically, a stanch Republican. He was married on November 5, 1865, to Miss Alice Earl, a native of Indiana, who bore him two children — Frank and Harry. Greene B. Anderson (colored) is the efficient constable of Kansas Township, Wyandotte County, Kas., but is a native of Georgia, where he was born December 25, 1851. He was reared in his native State, but at the close of the war was in Chattanooga, Tenn., and was there employed in a grocery store for six years. During the war, although but a lad, he took a deep interest in the stirring events of the times, and witnessed many battles, although too young to take an active part in them. He was on several battle-fields after the battle was over, where the wounded and dead thickly covered the ground, and wit- nessed many heart-rending sights. His father, a mulatto, was an engineer by trade, and by his own energy purchased his freedom, and by 1856, the freedom of his son. It was his intention to purchase the freedom of his entire family, but the war rendered this unnecessary. The father went with his former master into the Confederate army, to care for him, and after the war was over, settled in Chattanooga, where he is still living. From 1873 until 1879 Greene B. Anderson was a member of the fire department, and at the end of that time, came to Kansas City, Kas. , to work for Houston, Murray & Co. , and remained with them until 1885, when he was appointed by Mayor Hannan as s ""V 492 HISTORY OF KANSAS. patrolman, and made such an efBcient officer that he was afterward appointed a member of the police force by the Metropolitan Board, after which he was appointed deputy constable of Kansas Township, and was elected constable in 1889 and 1890. Mr. Anderson killed one man while serving as policeman. The desperado had tired at him twice, but missed him both times, whereupon Mr. Anderson returned the fire, with fatal results. He does a great deal of collecting, and is prompt in making all attachments and levies. He received some schooling in his youth, for which he paid himself, $1 per month, and is an intelli- gent man. He was married here June 13, 188'2, to Miss Frances Bus- ter, a native of Kentucky. He is a warm Republican, and is a Knight Templar in the Masonic fraternity, and also belongs to the I. O. O. F. Armourdale Foundry Company, Kansas City, Kas. Charles H. Jones, general superintendent of this large and enterprising plant, holds a prominent position among the business men of Kansas City, Kas. The Armourdale Foundry Company was incorporated in the year 1883, with a capital of 1100,000, and with a working capital of $50, 000. This important factor in the commercial status of Kansas City, Kas., is located on the electric line at the corner of Kansas Avenue and Adams Street. The foundry possesses a full and ample steam-power sys- tem, with all modern appliances and conveniences for the efficient and prompt discharge of the comprehensive work here executed. The trade of the house is widely extended, its products having a national reputation for excellence and durability. The complete list of officers of this foundry are: Robert Gillhon, president; Gus Marty, vice-presi- dent; John Gillhon, secretary; Charles H. Jones, general superin- tendent, and E. E. Benge, book-keeper. The foundry has a yearly production of $800, 000, and they ship to the following States and Ter- ritories: Texas, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, California, Utah, Ne- braska, Louisiana, Tennessee, Wyoming, Dakota, Mexico and Indian Territory. Their yearly pay-roll amounts to about $109, 272 as labor, and the outlay in material amounts to 232,292 pounds per week. This plant, which is such an important factor in the Southwest, employs 12-1: skilled workmen and 41 laborers. The plant covers an area of two acres. The following are the divisions of the building: Foundry "A," 380x62 feet, and Foundry "B,"' 190x60 feet. The power for the former com- prises a seventy-five horse-power engine, and a 100 horse-power boiler, and for the latter a twenty-five horse-power engine and a thirty horse- power boiler. Foundry "A" has a cupola of thirty-ton capacity and a seven- pound Sturtevant fan. Foundry "A" has four large cranes and «?" « r- liL WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 493 ' 'B' ' has overhead runways. The machine shop is 90x47 feet, has one traveling crane, one rotary-column lathe, two round-column lathes, two drill presses, two emery lathes, one power lathe and one No. 4 blacksmith fan. The pattern shop, two stories and 90x47 feet, contains circular saws, "band saws," wood lathe, eight pattern benches, one draught room in pattern shop and a complete set of pattern tools. The stable, 20x40, two stories high, consists of eight head of horses, one four- horse wagon, two two -horse wagons and two light spring wagons. The blacksmith shop, 47x90 feet, comprises forges and all necessary black- smith tools. The pattern wareroom, 24x80 feet, has a complete set of railroad and house patterns and cable railroad patterns. The flask- room is 20x40 feet, and has a full stock of iron and wooden flasks. The clipping-room, 50x20 feet, has four large mills. The bumper-room is 80x25 feet, and is two stories high. The sand-shed-rooms are 18x20 feet, and 20x40 feet, in dimensions. The core-room, 80x20 feet, has two large ovens, the first 19x9 feet, and the second 29x15 feet. The large trestlework connecting Foundry "A" with "B,'' is 170 feet long, sixteen feet high and ten feet wide. The Armourdale Foundrj' is one of the enterprises which Kansas City, Kas. , may well be proud. It is run with a full force of able workmen the whole year, and its products are shipped in every direction. Rev. E. W. Arnold, hardware merchant and Baptist minister, Ar- ipourdale, Kas. Eev. R. W. Arnold, one of the most highly re- spected citizens of Wyandotte County, and a man who has been closely identified with the growth of Christianity in this comnmnity since his residence here as a minister of the gospel, was born in Clinton County, N. Y., August 23, 1836. His parents, Ashley and Sarah (Walker) Arnold, were natives of New York and New Hampshire, re- spectively. The father was a farmer by vocation, and was a soldier in the War of 1812. He died in Clinton County, N. Y., as did also the mother. He was quite prominent in county politics, and was the incumbent of some county office the principal part of his time. He was a cousin of Stephen A. Douglas. The great-grandfather was in the Revolutionary War, was an officer in the same, and was in the battle of Bunker Hill. Of the five children born to his parents, Eev. R. W. Arnold is the elder of two now living; Mrs. Anna Herron, of Plattsburg, N. Y. A brother, Myron, was lieutenant of a colored regiment, and was killed at the battle of Fort Darling. E. W. Ar- nold was reared in and about Boston, and attended both Madison and Chicago Seminaries, graduating at the latter institution in 1873. In I ''^ . 494 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. 1861 he enlisted in Company A, Seventy -seventh New York Volun- teers, which company he raised and went oiit as its captain, and was assigned special pioneer work. He served until nearly the close of the war, and then returned to New York State, where he followed agricultural pursuits for some time. While in Boston he was em- ployed in the collection agency and later graduated at Chicago, as above stated. He was ordained at Ripon, Wis., in June, 1873, and here he had his first pastorate, remaining about four years. From there he went to Rochester, Minn. , then St. Paul, and in September, 1887, he came to Armourdale. where he has charge of the Second Baptist Congregation. He is just completing a new church edifice, and has done much to build up his congregation. He embarked in the hardware business in the latter part of 1888, as a change for his health, and has been very successful in this venture. He was mar- ried first, in 1857, to Miss Marion C. Barber, and was married again, in ]873, to Miss Carrie Taylor. He married his present wife, who was formerly Miss Ella E. Mapes, in 1877, and they have two chil- dren, Ruth and Hope. Mr. Arnold is a member of the G. A. R. John Arthur, M. D. , is one of the oldest physicians of this section of the county, and in a professional capacity is well known, not only in Wyandotte, but in the surrounding counties. He first saw the light of day in Clay County, Mo., October?]4, 1826, he being the third and the only son in a family of six children born to Michael and Amanda M. F. (Martin) Arthur, who were born in Lexington, Ky. , May 19, 1800, and Jessamine Couaty, Ky. , January 5, 1805, respectively, their marriage being celebi-ated in 1822. The father passed from life Au- gust 8, 1884, and the mother April 24, 1889. The paternal grand- father. Rev. John Arthur, was born in Scotland, but came to America in 1790, and the maternal grandfather, James Martin, was born in England, came to America about 1770, and was a major-general in the Revolutionary War. Dr. John Arthur, the immediate subject of this memoir, was reared in his native county, and at the age of twenty, or in 1847, he graduated from the Missouri State University at Colum- bia, and in 1853 graduated from the medical department of the St. Louis University. Immediately after completing his medical course he went to California, where he remained until August, 1854, then re- turned to Clay County, Mo., and the following year entered upon the practice of medicine. For a great many years he followed his calling in that county and at the same time he attended to the management of an 1,800-acre farm which he owned, dealing also extensively in live -^ *.hiL stock. These occupations received his attention until 1862, when he went to Texas, taking with him the slaves belonging to himself and father, sixteen in number, and in the Lone Star State sold them, re- ceiving his pay in Confederate money, which he invested in Texas cat- tle. He undertook to take the cattle to the New Orleans market, but while en route was intercepted, and hnally disposed of his stock to the Confederate army. He once more had the worth of his slaves in Con- federate money, and this he deposited in a baak in St. Louis, and for all he knows it is still there. Although a Southei-n sympathizer, he be- lieved that the Union should be preserved, aad did all he could to that end in the way of furnishing the Union army with supplies. When he returned home he found his native city of liberty under martial law. His father was soon after stricken with paralysis, and Dr. Arthur then returned to his old home to attend to the management of the farm. In July, 1864, he bought up a lot of cattle for the purpose of supplying the Government troops at Fort Union, but owing to the danger to which they were subject in Missouri, he transferred the cattle to Ne- braska and took a contract of supplying the troops with beef at Fort Kearney and Laramie. The years of 1864-65 were devoted to this work, but the following year and a part of the year 1867 he practiced medicine in Hamburg, Iowa, after which he returned to his farm in Clay County, Mo. He made his home there until the early part of 1868, then sold out and removed to Wyandotte County, Kas. , in which he has resided ever since. For three years he was engaged in the bank- ing business, but in 1872 he assisted in organizing a Christian Church at Armstrong, of which he acted as pastor for two years, and since 1874 he has devoted his time to preaching the gospel, to healing the sick and afflicted, and to the management of his real estate. Dr. Ar- thur holds a warm place in the hearts of those with whom he is ac- quainted, and as a minister, no less than as a physician, he has been the means of bringing happiness to many homes. It may further be stated in this connection that the most important of the Doctor's public achiev- ments was the improvement bj^ the United States Government of the Missouri River for navigation, and reclaiming of valuable land border- ing thereon. Having been born and reared near that river and wit- nessed the frequent changes of the channel, the difficulties and dangers attending its navigation, he began early in life to study the causes and remedies therefor. His researches led him to write and publish several articles upon the subject, until finally he elicited the attention of a few of the prominent leading spirits of Kansas City, Mo. Through them '.^ « ^ ^1 496 HISTORY OF KANSAS. conventions were called for directing public attention to the necessity and practicabilitv of improving the banks of the river, which, he argued, was the key to the system. He was a delegate, and not infrequently the only one from his city, to conventions held at Kansas City, Mo., St. Joseph, Mo., St. Louis, Mo., Minneapolis, Minn., and to Washing- ton, D. C. , where he represented both his State and city. It was at this capitol, before the Committee on Rivers and Harbor, that he made an exhaustive speech of one and one- fourth hours time, setting forth not only the advantages of so improving the river, but also the method by which the channel could be made permanent, the river its own dredge-boat, and a uniform depth of water not less than twelve feet in any and all shoal places. The appropriation asked was made, and the work commenced, which, he predicts, will continue until ere ten years will have elapsed, then will be regular steamers of large tonnage plow- ing the waters from Quindaro, Wyandotte, Kas. , to the Gulf of Mexico. The citizens of his city do him the credit by affirming that to him and his untiring efforts are due the great advantages they hope to derive from cheap transportation arising from the line of steamers now in proc- ess of construction, headed by Capt. A. L. Mason and his co-work- ers. His words are the Missouri River can be tamed, and its surg- ing waves restricted by the will of man, and he will cease to be ap- palled by its great heights, or stayed in his progress by its shoal bars. His marriage on March 22, 18-t8, was to Miss Ann F. Young, who died Augiist 23, 1849, leaving a child that survived her but a few days. The Doctor's second marriage was consummated November 1, 1849, the maiden name of his wife being Amanda D. Stevens, by whom he has had a family of eight children, six of whom' are living. Obadiah T. Ashlock, fruit grower, Turner, Kas. Mr. Ashlock is one of the early settlers of Shawnee Township and Wyandotte County, coming west from Iowa to Missouri in 1848, thence to Kansas, settling in Wyandotte County, in 1870. He is now one of the princij)al fruit- growers and general farmers of the township, and is the owner of over eighty- four acres of good tillable land. He has 400 apple trees on his place, of the following varieties; Ben Davis, Winesap, Rail's Jeanette, Yellow Pearmain, Willow Twigs, Bellflower and others, for winter, and for summer use, the Early Harvest, Red Astrachanand Red June. He has 50 peach trees and 100 cherry trees of the following varieties: Early Richmond, English Murillo and others. He has 150 Wild Goose and Blue Damson plum trees, 50 apricot trees, 2i acres of black- berries of the Snyder and Kittyninnie varieties, 4 acres of raspberries, ^^ "^ 'y '■ ^JUl of the Gregg, Hopkin and Turner Red variety, and 1 acre in straw- berries, Crescent Seedling and Downing varieties. Mr. Asblock finds fruit growing more profitable than general farming. He raises 25 acres of wheat, and has Ih acres in grapevines of the Concord variety. He was born on February 18, 1825, in Tennessee, and was the fifth of seven children born to William and Nancy (Grogan) Ashlock, the father a native of Sotith Carolina, and the mother of Virginia. The father was reared to manhood in the Old Dominion and there learned the trade of a cabinet-maker. Later he moved to Tennessee, and was married there in ISK). He was in the War of 1812, and was in the battle of New Orleans. He remained in Tennessee until 1829, and then moved to Kentucky. Later he moved to Sangamon County, 111., in 1830, and here his death occurred in 1832. Three years later our subject moved to Des Moines County, Iowa, remaining there until 1848, and then moved to Schuyler County, Mo., where he resided until 18B5. He then came to Randolph County, and in 1869 to Kan- sas. Obadiah T. Ashlock was married in Illinois, in ISlfi, to Miss Hannah J. Payton, daughter of William and Jennie Payton, and seven children were born to this union: James M. , Edwin E., William K., Henry H.,Don Carlos and Obadiah T. Mrs. Ashlock died in 1869, and he was married to Mrs. John Brantigam in 1870, who was born in Prus- sia on May 30, 1842, and who was the daughter of Peter Pitsch, a native of the same country. Mrs. Ashlock came to this country in 1852, and in 1859 was married to her first husband, by whom she had three children: William, Peter and Robert. She and family came to Kansas in 1859, settled in Wyandotte County, and here her hiisbanJ died in 1869. By her marriage to Mr. Ashlock she became the mother of two children : Albert F. and Rose Dell. In politics Mr. Ashlock adheres closely to the Democratic party, and is in favor of free trade. He is a wide-awake, enterprising citizen, and a man esteemed by all. Henry M. Bacon is a well-known young druggist of Kansas City, Kas. , and has been conceded one of the most accurate pharmacists of the city. He has been in business here since 1881, being the owner and con- ductor of two excellent drug establishments. He was born in Franklin, Mass., January 24, 1854, being a son of George W. and Julia A. (Brooks) Bacon, the former a native of the Bay State, and a son of Joseph and Mary Ann (Metcalf) Bacon, also natives of that State. George W. Bacon is still living, and resides in Massachusetts, but his wife passed from life in 1865. Henry M. Bacon made his ^I^:^ home in Massachusetts, until he was two and twenty years of age, and received an exceptionally fine literary education, in Amherst College, from which institution he was graduated in 1876. In August of the same year he came west to Kansas, and for one year was principal of the public schools at Arkansas City, after which he accejited a clerk- ship in a drug store, and in 1881 engaged in his present business. He has devoted thirteen years of his life to the calling of a druggist, and no more competent pharmacist resides within the limits of Wyan- dotte County. He is a charter member of the State Pharmaceutical Association, also of the Tauromee Lodge of the A. O. U. W. He be- longs to the school board of Kansas City, having been elected in the spring of 1890, and every enterprise in which he becomes interested is benefited by his patronage. Miss Mattie F. Mitchell became his wife October 10, 1883, she being a native of La Fayette, Ind., and to them a son has been born: Walter B., whose birth occurred March 15, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Bacon are members of the Pilgrim Congrega- tional Church, of which he is now a trustee. August Baker is one of the original settlers of Wyandotte County, Kas., coming here in 1870. He was born in Germany on April ^1, 1842, being the sixth of nine children born to Chris and Hannah Ba- ker, also native Germans. The subject of this sketch, at the early age of eight years, was so unfortunate as to lose both his parents, their deaths being caused by cholera, which terrible epidemic swept Ger- many during the year 1850. In August, 1856, when only fourteen years of age, he emigrated to the United States, settling with an elder brother, Henry, who now resides in Champaign County, 111. He also resided in this county until the opening of the Rebellion, when he en- listed in the First Illinois Light Artillery, under Capt. Chaney, who resigned at Jackson, Miss., and was succeeded by Lieut. H. H. Bur- ton. His regiment was a member of the Sixteenth Army Corps, under Gen. John A. Logan, whose fortunes he followed until the closing of the war. The principal engagements in which he took part were Memphis, Corinth, siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, and those battles in which Sherman participated in his famous march to the sea. His regiment was sent to Missionary Ridge to reinforce Gen. Grant, and served in the left wing of this battle. He then went to Knoxville,Tenn. , where Gen. Burnside was surrounded by Gen. Longstreet, after which he went to Chattanooga, where he remained until his regiment received orders to go to Cliicago to be mustered out of service. They passed through Indianapolis, Ind. , where they were banqueted by the citizens, -8 V /4=±= ^—^ 14^ receiving their first good dinner in three years. Whileat Atlanta, Ga., on July 22, 1864, he and his entire company were captured by the Confederates. He was driving a piece of artillery at the time of his capture, but after remaining in the hands of the Confederates a short time, he became tired of being shot at by his own comrades, and he and a fellow-driver, named John Singleton, managed to escape, and hid in a deep ditch until the Union army advanced, when they were res- cued from their dangerous position. After being mustered out of the service, Mr. Baker came to Fort Leavenworth, Kas. , and hired out as a teamster to Smith & Lambert, hauling Government supplies to the soldiers at Fort Union, Colo., which place they reached in July, 1865. He there quitted the company, and with twenty-three other teamsters started for California, but after a twelve days' march were surprised by the Indians, who killed and scalped two of their comrades and stole their mules. Becoming disheartened at these misfortunes, they re- turned to Fort Union, and after spending some time as a herder, Mr. Baker went to Fort Lyons, Colo., where he remained until the spring; then becoming assistant wagon boss, he took a train to Kansas City, Mo., where he received his discharge and returned to Chicago. Here he enlisted in the Twentieth United States Infantry, and went to Nor- folk, where he was uniformed and sent to Richmond. He joined his regiment at this place, after which he was sent to New Orleans, and was promoted to the position of provost-sergeant. After remaining there six months he went to Baton Rouge, thence to Shreveport, where he, with his regiment, took the train for Marshall, Tex. While there he was appealed to by the people of Boston, Tex., for protection from the depredations of Col. Baker and his gang of desperadoes. The subject of this sketch was then sergeant, was given command of some men, and although he and his men surrounded a saloon in which Ba- ker was, he succeeded in making good his escape on a mule which he had stolen, after having shot a man named Titoos. Baker afterward captured a train of supplies, after killing three of the four men on the train, but as he made his headquarters in the canebrake, it was found impossible to effect his capture, although a company of cavalrymen hunted the country for miles around for two weeks. He was afterward shot by his brother-in-law, at Orton Bros.' Circus, which was held at Boston, Tex. The gang of desperadoes entered the tent, began shoot- ing right and left, and riding in the ring, clearing the tent. The sol- diers secured their arms, and in their attack of these men succeeded in killing three, and captured four more. The latter were secured in 500 . HISTORY OF Kansas; jail, but the following morniog, as the jailer went to take his prison- ers their breakfast, they shot him down and escaped. They were pur- sued by our subject and his men, but would not surrender until an- other of their number had been killed. The troops stayed at Boston for seven months, notwithstanding the threats received by them from the friends of the dead men. They were then ordered to Fort Kan- som. Dak., where the Indians were troublesome, and here Mr. Baker remained until August, 1869, when he was discharged and returned to Illinois. He then went to Nebraska to engage in farming, but while on his way to Leavenworth to purchase a team and supplies he had his money stolen from him at St. Joseph, and for a time was compelled to hire oiit. He worked here until the following fall, then bought a team and a mower, having received some aid from his Illinois friends, by the sale of some land. He cut grass and harvested that summer and fall, after which he went to Fremont, Neb., and on August 5, 1870, was married to Miss Mena Falke, a daughter of Henry Falke. She ac- companied her husband to Wyandotte County, Kas. , and here they purchased some land and settled down to farming. They now own 160 acres of fine farming land, on which is erected a new house, good barns, fences, etc. They have a family of four children: William, Chris, Frank and August. Mr. Baker is a liepublicaij, a member of the Farmer's Mutual Benefit Association, and is president of the same at Rock Lodge No. . He and his wife and children are members of the Lutheran Church of Leavenworth, and for the last three years he has been trustee of his township, and was treasurer for two years. He is an upright gentleman in every respect, and is a worthy citizen in this community. Dr. Thomas D. Bancroft, the founder of the Bancroft Tabernacle, in Kansas City, Kas., was born in the year of 1837, in the State of Ohio. His parents were David and Louisa (Thomas) Bancroft, na- tives of New York State. When two years old, the family returned to their native State, where the subject of this sketch grew to manhood. At the age of sixteen he left home, and came to Kansas when eighteen years old and joined the Free-State troops, then under the leadership of Gen. James Lane and John Brown. The summer of 1856 was spent in the service of the cause of freedom, and against making the Territory of Kansas into a slave State. After the close of this war he returned home to his father's house, where there was something more than husks to feed upon. (Boys having sense often do that.) Between the close of the Border Ruffian War and the breaking out of the great _9 i> WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 501 Rebellion, he tried to pick up a little education at Genesee Wes- leyan Seminary and College in Lima, Livingston County, N. Y. The excitement consequent upon the general election that gave to Mr. Lincoln the presidency was too much for him, and after serving as cap- tain of a v?ide- awake company during the campaign, he left school on January 28, 1S61, and went to Washington, D. C, and was pres- ent at the Capitol building, and heard many of the farewell speeches made in both the Senate and House of Representatives by receding members. Many threats were made against the Capitol by Southern sympathizers, and in the absence of troops to protect the Government archives, a company of frontier guards was formed for the purpose of protecting the Capitol, and placed under the leadership of the old Free- State leader. Gen. Lane, who was then there in Washington, having been elected the first United States Senator, after Kansas had been admitted as a free State. Mr. Bancroft was among the first to join this company, which played a very conspicuous part in preventing an attack being made upon Washington, for the company was made up of men who had formerly fought in the Kansas Border Ruffian War, the remembrance of which was enough to make pro-slavery men think twice before they crossed the Potomac River. This company was quartered in the east room of the President's house, and did duty on Long Bridge, Eastern Branch Bridge, and in fact protected Washing- ton and the Government until the arrival of troops, when they dis- banded. Mr. Bancroft was present at the first inaugural of Abraham Lincoln, afterward making his personal acquaintance, and was in the theater on the night of Mr. Lincoln's murder. He now has in his possession a drop of Mr. Lincoln's blood on a piece of the program played that night. While Mr. Lincoln was being carried down stairs out of the theater, Mr. Bancroft was one of a number of men who stood at the head of the stairs to keep back the crowd of excited people, and it was at that time this drop of blood fell from the mortal wound and was instantly picked up by him. Dnring the war Dr. Bancioft fought in the volunteer service in twenty or more battles and skirmishes, and was with Gen. Sheriden through the wilderness battle to the James River. Three bullet holes through his blouse-coat in one day is the most tangible evidence he can produce of the poor marksmanship of Confederate sharpshooting. At the close of the war he naturally came West, and, like most other persons, drifted about until the year 1879, when he engaged as traveling salesman with the firm of Messrs. Ride- nour, Baker & Co. , wholesale grocers in Kansas City, Mo. During this 1 '\\ ^ — ^ -^ — ^ \^_, 502 HISTORY OF KANSAS. time he became a reader of Dr. T. De Witt Talmage's books and sermons, and often tilled appointments in the lecture field and public readings from Dr. Talmage's writings. He established many public libraries in the State of Kansas, and also the first public library in Hot Springs, Ark. During this time he had espoused the Christian Relig- ion, and visited many Eastern cities for the purpose of finding out some practical way of reaching and bringing into the fold of Christ the poor, neglected and destitute of our cities. While in Brooklyn he made the acquaintance of Dr. Talmage, and afterward joined his church, the Brooklyn Tabernacle. He then returned West and set- tled in Kansas City, Kas. , where he now resides. He was married to Susie Archer, of Washington, D. C, in 18(1 1, and to this union there was born one son, William T., who now resides in Kansas City, Kas., and is a successful business man. In 1862 his wife died, and he was again married to Miss Elida Smith in the year ISSO. She was a native of New Jersey, and still lives to bless their home at 713 Trout Avenue. In 1888 he began the organization of a Sunday-school, by washing clothing and gathering destitute children into a school which he called the Tabernacle Sunday-school. At their first meeting there were about a dozen children present. The school grew in numbers and interest until the Opera House was too small to accommodate them. He then rented a piece of ground, and began the erection of a tabernacle building which now bears his name, and has a seating capacity of 1 , 5()( ) people. Its dimensions are ()0x90 feet with gallery, and is 31 feet high in the clear. It is well seated, lighted, and is a very pleasant auditorium. It contains two parlors, one of which is used as a store- room for clothing and provisions for distribution among those who are needy. Hundreds have been fed and clothed, and hundreds have re- formed, and are now re23utable citizens. Employment is furnished for those who want to work, and all are required to wash before assistance is given. The Tabernacle is also used as a place of worship. Regu- lar services being held on Sunday, and two prayer-meetings during the week. A regular society has been organized, called the Tabernacle Fold, which is undenominational. Their creed is made np of verses selected from the Bible, each member being required to select a verse for his part of the creed. The school is now one of the most order- ly and well-behaved schools in the city. The children are nearly all singers, and it is delightful to listen to them. The Doctor says the work is only well begun, and that with the proper assistance he will be able to reclaim nearly all the unfortunate children in the citv. ,u WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 503 Never before has there been such energy put into practical home mis- sionary Tvork, and no one now has any doubt about Dr. Bancroft's ulti- mate success. Thomas J. Barker, a Kansas pioneer, and one of the first settlers of Kansas City, was born in Bedford County, Va., December 11. 1828, His father, William A. Barker, born in Albemarle County, Va., in 1796, was a slave overseer, and served in the War of 1812. He was the son of Jacob Barker (a boatman on the James River), who was born at Eichmond, Va. , and was the son of James Barker, of English de- scent, who served under Washington, in the French and Indian and Revolutionary Wars. Mr. Barker's mother, Sarah (Hobbs) Barker, was born in 1800, in Bedford County, Va. , and was the daugh- ter of James Hobbs, a distiller, who was a native of England, and after serving in the English army, in the East Indies, emigrated to America in 17U4, and served in the War of 1812. William A. Barker, the father, and Sarah Hobbs, the mother, were married in 1817. in Bedford County, Va., where Thomas was born. They moved in 1832 to Giles County, where the father died in 1837. To them had been born eight children: James B. , Mary V., Massenna C, William E., Anderson L. , Thomas J., Francis S. and Joseph G. , of whom Anderson L., Thomas J. and Francis S. are still living. The father, for twelve years previous to his death in 1837, was afflicted with the palsy, and the care of the family almost entirely devolved upon his wife. She was possessed of a more than ordinary degree of intelli- gence and great force of character, but she was unable to provide for her children and give them extensive educational advantages. Thomas J. Barker attended school in all, about one year, at the log cabin school house of those times and that country. He was endowed with an enquiring mind, was anxious to acquire knowledge, and soon made himself proficient in arithmetic and geography. When eighteen, having first made an arrangement with his mother for the three years' service he still owed her, he started out to make his own way in the world. At that time his health was not good, and he thought best to seek other employment than that of farming. He engaged to work for Anderson Pack, a wealthy planter, merchant and owner of a tan-yard in Mercer County, Va. He worked principally in the tan-yard, but at times did service in the store. He remained with Mr. Pack about two years, during which time an incident that afterward affected his career in life occurred. He was frequently entrusted with the buying and receiving of hides. At one time Augustus Pack, a nephew of his employer, delivered >if S ^~ "1 a) \p ' 504 HISTORY OF KANSAS. a large quantity of hides which proved on inspection to be more or less injured. Thomas refused to receive them except at a reduction of one-third in the jsrice. This demand was resisted and the owner of the yard was appealed to and the hides received. But Mr. Pack was highly pleased with the business qualities of his clerk. About a year after this transaction having determined to abandon the tanning bus- iness, he met Mr. Augustus Pack, whom he sujjppsed he had greatly ofFended by so strenuously representing the interests of his em- ployer, when he was greatly and agreeably surprised to receive charge of Mr. Pack's store, where he remained about two years, receiving a much larger salary than his uncle had given him. In 1851 he went to Central America, intending to work on the Panama Railroad, then in process of construction. But on reaching Aspinwall he was taken sick, and after remaining on the Isthmus about two weeks he returned to New Orleans, and thence to Louisville, Ky., where he received the benetit of hospital treatment for a short time before returning for his home. He nest engaged in mercantile business with James B. Malone, at the head of navigation on the Kanawha River. In April, 1855, he immigrated to Kansas, and for a short time stayed in Wyandotte. He went thence to Leavenworth and engaged with Charles A. Man- ners to assist in running the territorial line between Kansas and Ne- braska. There were twelve in the party, and he was given the posi- tion of cook. Late in the following fall, the survey having been com- pleted, he went to Wyandotte, where he has ever since resided. He first engaged as chief cook at the Cattish Hotel, a position he took in the absence of other employment. In about two months he obtained work as a rail-splitter and wood-chopper, using timber then standing on the present site of Kansas City, Kas. In the spring of 1856 he was employed by Mr. Isaiah Walker, as clerk in his store. In the winter of the same year, he bought a half interest in the store, and was an equal partner for about a year and a half, when he sold his in- terest. During this time he was appointed postmaster, and held the position until 1863, when he, Silas Armstrong, and John L. Hall bought a saw-mill about three miles west of the city, and engaged in manufacturing and selling lumber, in which he continued for several years. In the fall of 1864 he bought a half interest in the steam- boat "Kansas Valle}',"' on which building lumber was shipped to Leavenworth and other points, also supplying the Government with considerable quantities. In 1864 he and John L. Hall built the steamer "Emma;" in 1865, the steamer " Hiram Wood;" in 1866, r •^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 505 the "Tom Morgan;" in 1867, the "Frank Nutts." In 186(5 he be- gan dealing extensively in wood, selling to the (Jovernment and sup- plying the city of Leavenworth and steamboats. In 1867 he com- menced dealing in railroad ties, which proved very lucrative, buying large tracts of timbered land, making the timber pay for the land, much of which he has since sold at a remunerative price, the remain- ing he still holds, which has become quite valuable. In late years he has dealt extensively in real estate, including farm lands and town property, and is considered a safe and prudent financier, and one who has been upright in his dealings and avoided litigation. In polities he has always been a Democrat, but during the war he was a strong Union man and Douglas Democrat. He was appointed by Gov. Madera, Wyandotte County's first clerk, but never qualified; was elected to the House of Eepresentatives from a Republican district in 1866, and again in 1880. He is a member of the Ma.sonie order, was reared in the faith of the Baptist Church, his parents being strict members of that organization, but he is quite liberal in his religious views and in- clined to be skeptical. He was married in 1865, in Wyandotte, to Miss Mary E. Hall, a native of Maine, born in 1846, to whom have been born three children: Thomas J., Jr. (a farmer), James E. (a law student), and Clara E. (who was born June 28, 1876, and died Au- gust 19, 1883). "Uncle Tom" Barker, as he is familiarly called by his many friends, has a good residence on Quindaro Boulevard. His business is in good shape and he is enjoying life. F. H. Barker is one of the wide-awake insurance and loan and real estate agents of Kansas City, Kas. He was born in Connecticut, in 1835, but grew to manhood in Illinois, his home for many years being near Jacksonville. At the opening of the Kebellion he joined the One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry, being mustered into the service August 7, 1862, and mustered out July 15, 1865. After being in the Army of the Tennessee for some time, and stationed at Jackson, Tren- ton and Bolivar, Tenn., he was transferred to the Trans-Mississippi Army, after which he participated in the siege of Vicksburg, Helena, Little Rock, Red River and Pine Bluff. After the war he settled in Springfield. 111., but in April, 1868, left that place to come to Atchi- son, Kas. , where he remained for about seven years, being engaged in the D. C. Newcomb dry goods house. He then moved his family to Kansas City, Kas., and traveled for the wholesale dry goods house of Homer, Rhoades & Hubbs for five years, and for the past six years has been engaged in the insurance and loan business, and has been *^^ 506 HISTORY OF KANSAS. more than ordinarily successful, being now the owner of some good property in Kansas City. He belongs to the Board of Trade, the I. O. O. F., and in his political views is a stanch Republican. He was married in Illinois, to Miss Julia H. Thomas, by whom he had four children, but he lost his wife and three children, and only Fred- erick E. is now living. His second marriage took place in Atchison, Kas. , to Miss Sardenia Andrews, by whom he has a daughter, Madora. Mr. Barker is a pleasant and agreeable gentleman, thorovigh and scrupulously honorable in his business dealings, and is putting to a good use the talents with which Nature has endowed him. He is an excellent member of society, is a stanch supporter of the public school system, for some time has been a member of the board of education in Kan- sas City, Kas., and is an earnest Christian. His parents, G. W. and Sarah A. (Phelps) Barker, were born in Connecticut, and the mother belongs to the same stock as Gov. Phelps, of Missouri. Mr. Barker had two brothers; one survives, and is a resident of Kansas, but George H. was killed at the battle of Shiloh, while serving in the Fourteenth Illinois Infantry. He also has two sisters, Mary P. Cooper and Charlotte L. Barker, both residents of Kansas. James K. Polk Barker, farmer, Kansas City, Kas. Mr. Barker came to Wyandotte County, in 1865, directly from Boone County, West Va., and engaged in the carpenter's trade, which he continued for about two years, assisting in building two steamboats at Barker's Tank, on the Missouri River. After this he bought a stock of goods, general merchandise, sold goods for about two years, and then was mate on the "Fanny Barker," plying between Lexington and Atchi- son, and then lying off for several months. He returned to Wyan- dotte County and was there married in 1873, to Miss Sarah Frances Duncan, daughter of Thomas Duncan, a farmer of this township. Five children have been born to this union — three sons and two daugh- ters: Edgar R., Polk, Clara M. , Neva P. and Knox. After his mar- riage Mr. Barker began farming on 55 acres that he had previously bought, and soon afterward he added 55 acres more, then 60, after- ward 50 more, and soon had 220 acres of excellent land. He lived on this and improved it for a number of years, when, in 1882, he sold out. He then bought 183 acres, but has sold some of this, and is at the pres- ent time engaged in fruit-growing instead of stock-raising, as formerly. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Mr. Barker was born on October 22, 1844, in Mercer County, W. Va. , and is a son of James B. and Mary Barker. The father was born in '-^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 507 Franklin County, Va., and was a farmer and carpenter by trade. He died in 1854, being then but in the prime of life, and left his family on their own resources. There were six children in the family — three sons and three daughters — one son, Isaac, died in West Virginia, about the year 1870 (he had been a Union soldier and served under Gen. Grant); Samuel S. is living in this county, and was a Confeder- ate soldier, serving through the entire war; Mary died in West Vir- ginia about the year 1880; Sarah E. is the widow of Cumberland Harliss, and resides in West Virginia; and Isabelle F., wife of John Lawrence, resides in Kanawha Valley, W. Va. James K. P. Barker, when but fourteen years of age, started out to fight life's battles for himself, and engaged as a day laborer, building flatboats. He con- tinued at this business until the breaking out of the war, when he en- listed in Company B, Thirty-sixth Virginia Regiment, and served in all the West Virginia campaigns. In 1862 he was captured, confined at Camp Chase from April until August, and then exchanged, joining his command. He was under Early in the Valley of Virginia campaign, and was at Fort Donelson. He was in the battles of Piedmont, Floyd Mountain, Strawsburg, Winchester, Cedar Creek, and in March, 1865, he was again captured, being confined in Fort Delaware, until June 25, of that year. He then went to work and succeeded in getting sufficient money to bring him West, and since then what he has accu- mulated has been the result of industry and perseverance, together with good management. He has secured a handsome competency, and is prosperous and happy. He has in his home place forty-seven acres in orchard and small fnrit. 160 acres in Kaw bottom land, all under cultivation, and besides is the owner of considerable property in Kan- sas City, Kas. He contributes liberally to the support of schools, churches, etc. Dr. B. M. Barnett, physician, Rosedale, Kas. Mr. Barnett. who has acquired a flattering reputation as a physician, was born in Stark County, Ohio, on December 12, 1854, and is the son of Jacob F. and Hannah (Myers) Barnett. The father is a retired farmer, residing at Canton, Ohio. Dr. Barnett received a good practical education in the common schools, then took a select course at Hiram College, and there remained until twenty-two years of age. He then began teaching, his first school being in Stark County, and continued thus employed for five years. The last two years of teaching he read medicine under B. A. Whiteleather, and in the spring of 1880 he attended lectures at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City. During the win- V 508 HISTORY OF KANSAS. ter of 1881-82 he attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia, Penn. , where he subsequently graduated . He then prac- ticed for one year at Waynesburg, Ohio, and in 1883 came to Argen- tine, Kas. He did not remain in the last-named place very long, but came to Rosedale, where he has built up a very extensive and lucra- tive practice. The Doctor is cut out for his chosen profession, which has been amply shown by his flattering success since residing in this county. He was councilman one term, and in 1889 was elected mayor of Rosedale, which position he filled in a very sati.sfactory manner. He selected as his comf)anion in life Miss Mollie Hellmreich, of Rose- dale, and their nuptials were celebrated on February 24, 1886. They have one child, a son, Harry W. Dr. Barnett is a member of the A. F. & A. M., K. of P., A. O. U. W. and Foresters and the D. of H. of the A. O. U. W. He is physician and medical examiner for the four last-named organizations. In politics he affiliates with the Repub- lican party. Edward E. Beach, agent for the Missouri Pacific Railroad at Pom- eroy, Kas. , is a native of Hartford, Conn. , born in 1838. and was the son of Elnathan and Mary A. (Bullard) Beach, also natives of Connecti- cut. Of the five children born to this union Edward E. is fourth in order of birth. They are named as follows: Elizabeth (wife of Ches- ter Stelle, Milwaukee, Wis.), Henry B. (married and is a resident of Pana, 111.), Mary C. (widow of J. W. Cary, who, during his life was general ticket agent of the Michigan Southern & Lake Shore Rail- road; he died in 1886), Cornelia (became the wife of George Russell, of Los Angeles, Cal.). Edward E. Beach left his native State at the age of thirteen years, locating in New York City, and remained there two years. After this he located in Cleveland, Ohio, where he re- mained about four years, and then the family located in Chelsea, Mich., where Mr. Beach enlisted in Company D, Fourth Michigan Volun- teer Infantry. He served one year, and then, on account of disability, was discharged. He took part in the first battle of Bull Run, York- town, and many skirmishes. During his service he contracted disease of the heart, from which he has been a constant sufPerer since. He was married, in 1868, to Mrs. Julia A. Pmcin, a daughter of Mr. Dunn, who is a native of Augusta, Me. Mr. and Mrs. Beach located in Wyandotte County in 1871, opened a general store in Pomeroy, and carried this on successfully for two years. He then engaged in farming, and followed this until 1885, when he accepted his present position. In politics he is a stanch Republican. He is a member of *^' ;|V WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 509 Bumside Post No. 28, of Kansas City, Kas., and is also a member of the Veterans' Union, of Kansas City, Kas. Samuel Beattie, farmer, Quivera, Kas. In mentioning those of foreign birth who have become closely associated with the farming in- terests of Wyandotte County, Kas. , we should not fail to present an outline of the career of Mr. Beattie, for it is one which has fully borne out the reputation of that class of industrious, energetic men of Irish nativity who have risen to prominence in different portions of this countiy. He was born in Ireland, October 13, 1833, and was the son of William Beattie, who was born in the Emerald Isle, and was of Irish and Scotch descent. The father died in 1843, and the widow with the family emigrated to America in IS-IU, and settled in Stephen- son County, 111. There the mother died in LS52. Samuel Beattie attained his growth in Stephenson County, 111., and in 1856 went to New Orleans, where he remained two years. He then went to Kansas, remained in Johnson County, and sold goods to the Indians at Shaw- nee, until the town was burned by Quantrel in 1862. In the fall of 1863 he went to Colorada, but only remained there long enough to dispose of some goods, and then came to Kansas City, in June, 1864, where he put up hay for the Government. In the sjjring of 1865 he took a train of freight to Santa Fe, N. M. , and in the fall he and Capt. Keeler took the contract for opening Twelfth Street in Kansas City, Mo. , which operation took them a year. Mr. Beattie purchased his present farm of 600 acres, but sold nearly 100 acres, and has an excellent farm in good tillable shape. He was one of the most extensive farmers in the county, but of late years he has rented the most of his land. He finds that potato growing and gardening is more profitable than general farming. He improved his land, built a good comfortable house, and other buildings necessary for his stock, and a glance over his place indicates to the beholder the quality of farmer that he is. He was married in 1875, to Miss Florence C. Hoffman, a native of Wyandotte County, Ohio, born in 1855, and the daughter of Henry Hoffman. To this union live children were born, three now living: Margaret D., William A. and E valine. Those deceased were named Mary Dell and Bertha May. Mr. Beattie is a Democrat in politics, was elected county commissioner in 1871, and served four years. Of late years he has been connected with the school board. He is H mjmber of Shaw.ie3 Ladge No. 5t. A. F. & A. M. He was brought up in the Presbyterian Church, and is a liberal contrib- utor to all worthy movements. While filling the position of county - » 510 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. commissioner, the iron bridge in Kansas City. Kas. , was completed across tbe Kaw River. George E. Bell is the proprietor of the Kyus House, one of the best conducted and most complete establishments of the kind in Kan- sas City, Kas. He was born in Toronto in 1854, and although a native Canadian, he has been a resident of the United States nearly all his life, and is at present a faithful subject of "Uncle Sam." His youth and early manhood were spent in the cities of Delaware and Columbus, Ohio, and being an intelligentand wide-awake young man, he was given the position of traveling salesman for a dry goods and grocery establishment, a calling which continued to receive his atten- tion for seventeen years. He became interested in the hotel business while on the road, and the many experiences, thrilling and otherwise, which he passed throiigh, tended to make him thoroughly acquainted with the wants of the traveling public, and no better man for his present position could be found. He kept a first-class hotel in Lan- caster and Columbus, Ohio, and Kansas City, Mo., for a number of years, after which he took charge of the Ryus House, his connection with the same commencing on May 15, 1889. By his cordiality, accommodating spirit and undoubted efforts to please his guests he has built up a larg6 trade, and his patrons thoroughly appreciate his efPorts for their comfort. In addition to his management of his hotel he is a most genial companion, and generous to a fault, nothing being too good for his friends. In politics he supports the measures of the Democratic party and socially belongs to the K. of P. of Delaware, Ohio. He possesses a tine physique, is somewhat interested in sport- ing matters, and is one of the wide-awake business men of Kansas City. He was married in Delaware, Ohio, to Miss Martha E. Waters, by whom he has one child, named Grace. His parents, Robert and Jane (Jackson) Bell, were born in England and are at present living in Indianapolis, Ind. Louis Benson. Among the best-known houses engaged in the grocery business in Kansas City, Kas., is that belonging to Mr. Ben- son, who embarked in business in August, 1889, and has from the commencement annually increased his trade. He was born near the city of Falkenborg, Sweden, July 15, 1859, being a son of Ben Lar- son and Nellie Benson, who reared a family of six children, of whom he was the fifth: Anna, Nels, Charles, Andrew, Louis and John. Three of the sons came to America, as follows: Andrew, in 1879, and is now employed as engineer on the Chicago & Alton Railroad, his l\^ .1 ^. home being in Slater, Mo. ; Louis, came in 1880, and John in 1884, the latter being now a resident of Kansas City, Mo., and is employed in the shops of the Fort Scott & Gulf Railway. The other two sons, together with Anna and their parents, still reside in their native land. Ben Larson, the father, is a tiller of the soil, being the owner of a good farm, and he and his wife are spending their declining years in comfort and happiness. Louis Benson was reared to manhood in his native land, and between the ages of eight and fourteen years he se- cured a fair education, and from the latter age until he was twenty-one he labored upon his father's farm. In 1880 he bade adieu to home and friends to seek his fortune in America, and embarked at Gothen- burg for Hull, England, fi'om which place he went to London by rail, embarking at that city for the United States, and after a stormy voy- age of fifteen days lauded at the port of New York. Two days later he went to Wilkesburg, Penn., where for eight months he worked in a coal mine. He then came westward, and after a stay of two weeks in Chicago, he went to Clayton, Wis. , where, for nearly a year he was employed in a lumber yard. In the spring of 1882 he went to He- lena, Montana Territory, in the vicinity of which place he remained about two years, the first three months being engaged in killing buf- faloes in the employ of a man named Johnson. The balance of the time he was employed as a contractor upon the Northern Pacific Rail- way, then being built. In the fall of 1884 he came to Kansas City, Mo., and during the winter which followed he was employed in the shops of the Missouri Pacific Railway, but in the spring of 1885 he went to San Francisco, Cal. , and a week later to Portland, Oreg. , going the following week to Tacoma, Washington Ter., where, during the summer he worked in a saw-mill. In the fall of 1885 he went to Idaho Territory, and after spending two months in Moscow he re turned to Helena, Mont., where he continued to make his home until the following spring. He then returned to Kansas City, Mo., and was employed in the shops of the Chicago & Alton Railway, and during the spring and summer of 1889 he and his brother, Andrew Benson, of Slater, Mo., erected a large and handsome two-story brick block at No. 55 South Seventeenth Street, Kansas City, Kas. , which is 40x55 feet and comprises two good business rooms 20x55 feet, the co.st of the building being abont $(j,000. It is one of the best business blocks in the south part of the city. In one of these rooms, in August, 1889, Mr. Benson and Oscar Bidder opened a first-class grocery store, and the firm under the name of Benson & Bidder has continued up to !> V 512 HISTORY OF KANSAS. the present time, and is one of the first-class establishments of the place. Both are courteous and accommodating young men, and have built up a good patronage. As their store is desirably located, and is stocked with a tine lot of goods, they have built up a large patronage, and are doing a thriving business. Mr. Benson is a young man of good habits, and he possesses every qualification necessary to make him a successful business man. He has a large circle of friends by whom he is highly respected. A. L. Berger, deputy county attorney of ^Vyandotte County, Kas., owes his nativity to St. Clair County. 111., his birth occurring in 1805, and is a leading citizen of Kansas City, Kas., in its professional, business and social life. He graduated in the classical course in Mc- Kendree College, Lebanon, 111., in 1882, and immediately after finish- ing entered the law department of the Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. , where he graduated in law in the class of 1884. From there he came direct to Kansas City, began practicing his profession, and this has continued to follow. He is the present deputy county attorney, and is a member of the law firm of Moore & Berger. Henry J. Bigger. The name of Bigger is identified with the mer- cantile standing, the welfare and material and social happiness of Wyandotte County, Kas. He was born in Belfast, North of Ireland, February 17, 1851, to Joseph and Jane (Ardrie) Bigger, the former of whom was a son of David Bigger, and the latter a daughter of Will- iam Ardrie. They were married in March, 1850, and becaine the par- ents of nine children: Henry J., Jane G., Samuel F., William C, Frederick C, Caroline E., Edward C, Francis J. and Margaret, all of whom are living: Henry J. and his brother, William C. , are the only ones of the family who came to America. Samuel F. , another brother, is a sergeant-major of the Sixteenth Bengal Artillery, sta- tioned in the British Indies, having held that position in the British army for the past thirteen years. William C is engaged in the milling business, in Lawrence, Kas. Frederick C. is in the internal revenue service of the British Government. Edward C. is a physician and surgeon of Belfast, Ireland, and Francis J. is a barrister of the same city. The father of these children one time owned and operated a large pork-packing establishment in Belfast, and as a business man was very successful, acquiring a large amount of property. He after- ward sold his business interests, and for thirty years prior to his death he led a retired life, passing quietly away February 14, 1890, at the age of .sixty-four years. His widow still survives him, her home being ^r^ at the Ardrie villa, two miles from Belfast, where she has a large and handsome residence, and is surrounded by everything necessary to make life easy and pleasant. Henry J. Bigger remained in Ireland until he attained manhood, and between the ages of seven and twelve years he attended school. He then entered the employ of William Crozier, a grocer of Liverpool, England, remaining with him for seven years, then, in 1871, emigrated to the United States, and on reaching this country, came direct to Kansas City, Kas., and here for four years followed different occupations. In 1875 he went to Leavenworth County, Kas. , where he purchased a farm, on which he resided for six years, but in the fall of 1881 returned to Kansas City, and soon after opened a grocery store, at the corner of James and Third Streets. In 1883 he bought two lots, Noa. 207 and 209 James Street, and the same year erected upon them a beautiful building, comprising two store rooms, in one of which he began selling groceries, and in the other flour and feed, conducting the two together very successfully until June 5, 1887, when he sold the stock and fixtures to John Nelson, for •'$3,350. In November, 1887, he engaged in the commission busi- • ness, at No. 227 James Street, following this calling a year and a half, during which time, June 5, 1888, his building at Nos. 207 and 209 James Street, which he had rented, caught fire, and burned to the ground. A month later he began the erection of a new building, 48x80 feet, which was completed the following fall, at a cost of $4,100. In one room of this building, in October, 1889, he opened a first- class grocery, which he is now conducting. He is an agreeable man with whom to do business, and in all his business transactions is un- deniably honest. His other store room is rented out, and is used as a bakery. Besides his business property he owns a good residence at No. 814 East Twenty-fourth Street, Kansas City, Mo., which he pur- chased in June, 1887, at a cost of $4,200. He was married October 15, 1875, to Miss Elvira Howe, a native of Illinois, and their marriage has resulted in the birth of eight children: Edna, Joseph, Edward, Jennie, Lillian and Alfred, who are living, and two daughters who died in infancy. Mr. Bigger is a member of the Second Advent Church, and is a worthy and honorable citizen. Since coming to America he has made three visits to his old home in Ireland, the first being made in 1875, the second in 1881, and the third in 1887. Francis C. Bishop, Bethel, Kas. Mr. Bishop, originally from the Old Dominion, was born December 11, 1831, and is a son of John and Judith (Walker) Bishop, natives also of Virginia. They reared a family >^ 514 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. of five children, of whom Francis C. is the eldest, and two besides him now living. When the latter was eight or nine years of age the father moved to Tennessee, where he bought land and followed farming until his death in 18S6, at the age of eight^'one years. His wife died many years previous. Francis C. was reared on the farm until eighteen years of age, and his educational advautages were limited. Later he learned the blacksmith' s trade in Polk County, Tenn., worked there two years and then worked in Bradley County until the war. During that struggle Mr. Bishop was a member of both the Confederate and Federal forces, serving in all four years. Three years were passed in the former army, during which time he was in several engagements of note. At Fort Donelson he was captured and taken to Camp Mor- ton, Indianapolis, subsequently being exchanged at Vicksburg. He was also at Chickamauga and Lookout Mountain, and at Calhoun, Ga., was again taken prisoner, on May 17, 1861, and removed to Rook Island, 111., when he joined the Union army. Mr. Bishop came to Wyandotte County, in 1866, and went to cutting cord wood. In 1867 he returned to his trade, west of Quindaro and remained there until 1871, when he went to Cowley County, Kas. There he preempted 160 acres of land, and resided on that until 1875, improving it, but at the same time carried on his trade. He then traded that for forty acres in Quindaro Township, and worked at his trade here for some time. Later he sold his forty acres, and in connection with his trade subsequently carried on farming for three years. Returning then to Quindaro, he worked in the shop there until July, 1889, when he pur chased two acres in Bethel, built a house and shop and is now at work at his old trade in that town. He has been twice married, first in Leavenworth in 1866, to Miss Mary Patterson, who lived about two years. In about a year after her death he married Mrs. Mary J. Powell. Politically, Mr. Bishop is a Democrat, but in local elections he votes for the best man. I. B. Blackburn. As the spirit of progress grows more and more pronounced, every day sees new avenues of trade open up in the com- mercial world, and each of these avenues is crowded with men and women eager to secure lucrative positions. But while some occupations are newer, there is scarcely one that gives a broader field for labor than that of the builder. Houses must be planned and built that the in- crease in population may have comfortable and beautiful homes, and as a city grows there is a great demand for the experienced contractor and builder, who, well understanding the details of his calling, gives WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 515 satisfaction to his patrons. Among this class of men we are pleased to mention the name of I. B. Blackburn, who, having achieved great success in this his chosen vocation, takes a very high rank among those of his class. Mr. Blackburn was born in North Carolina in 1862, and continued to make that State his home until he had reached his ninth year, moving at that date to Saline County, Mo., where he grew to manhood. His education was received at Jefferson City, Mo. ; making creditable progress in his studies he graduated with honors. Mr. Blackburn came to Kansas City in 1886, since that time has been constantly engaged in the erection of public buildings and private residences. Mr. Blackburn is also constantly engaged in a general grading business, and many of our streets owe their beauty and utility to his handiwork. Knowing that single blessedness could not last forever, Mr. Blackburn was married, July 10, 1890, to Miss Mamie Balance, daughter of B. F. Balance, a prominent citizen of Wyandotte County, and a native of the old Blue-Grass State. In politics Mr. Blackburn is an uncompromising Republican of the stal- wart type. He was appointed, in 1889, a deputy constable under G. B. Anderson in Judge Bradley's court. He also takes a prominent part in societies, being a member of Lodge No. 1, S. of P., in this city. Being a wide-awake and enterprising man, and making his home in a thrifty and growing city, it is small wonder that the sub- ject of this sketch has prospered in life. We bespeak for him a brilliant future, and only wish that there were many more with his disposition to forge ahead. John W. Blankenship, farmer and stock-raiser. White Church, Kas. Early trained to the duties of farm life, it was but natural, perhaps, that when it became necessary for him to select some occupation through life, that Mr. Blankenship should choose the calling to which he had been reared, a calling that has for ages furnished sustenance to the ready worker. His birth occurred January 1, 1861, in London, Ky., and he is the son of Joshua and Rebecca E. (Johnson) Blanken.ship, the father a native of Chesterfield County, Va., born June 15, 1837. The latter moved with his parents from Kentucky to Virginia in 1839, and thence to Wyandotte County, Ark., when but six years of age. He was married in this State to Miss Johnson, who bore him the following children: John W., Frank L., Emily C. (wife of J. W. Daniel), Sarah M. (wife of James P. Coleman), George W., Addie H. , Louis (de- ceased), Ella (deceased), Daniel R. and Ella May. John W. Blanken- ship received but a limited education, and began farming for himself at 8 ^yT 516 HISTORY OF KANSAS. an early age. At present he and his brothers are engaged in the dairy business in connection with farming. On December 10, 1885, he was married to Miss Lizzie Woodward, daughter of J. G. Woodward of this county, and one child is the fruit of this union, Martin Elmer. Mr. Blankenship purchased eighty acres of land in 1889, and a considerable portion of this is under cultivation. He affiliates with the Republican party, and has held a number of minor offices in his township, and he and Mrs. Blankenship are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in Delawai-e Township. Socially he is a member of the Dela- ware Lodge No. 96, A. F. & A. M. at White Church. Jacob Bloedel, is a dealer in harness, saddles, horse clothing, robes and whips, and although he lirst began business in Kansas City, Kas., in June, 1879, he has conducted business at No. 420 Minnesota Avenue since June, 1886. He was born in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, De- cember 26, 1841, being a son of Henry and Mary Ann (Stephan) Bloedel, whose marriage occurred in 1837, Miss Stephan being his second wife. By his first wife he had two sons: Henry and John, both of whom came to America, the former in 1848 and the latter with his parents in 1854. Henry now resides in Fond du Lac, Wis., and John in Carver, Minn. Mr. Bloedel' s second union resulted in the birth of seven children, of whom the subject of this sketch was the second. Their names in the order of their births are as follows: Frederick, Ja- cob, Adam, August, Catherine, Helena, and a daughter that died in infancy, unnamed. August and Helena are also dead, the latter dying in Germany when about a year and a half old, and the former in Chi- cago, 111., at the age of twenty-six years. All the children were born in Germany. After deciding to come to America, the family embarked at Havre de Grace on the sailing vessel "Zurich," May 30, 1854, and after a pleasant voyage of one month, landed at New York City, and after a rest of five or six days, went to Buffalo, N. Y. , where they spent thirty or forty days visiting relatives. They then came on west to Mil- waukee, Wis. , where the father spent the remainder of his life, his death occurring in October, 1877, his widow still being a resident of that city. The former was a blacksmith by trade, and for a period of twenty years conducted a shop in Milwaukee. He was a member of the Ger- man Lutheran Church, and his surviving widow, who is now in the eighty third year of her age, is a member of the same. Their son Frederic lives in Oconomowoc, Wis., Jacob in Kansas City, Kas., and Adam and Catherine in Milwaukee, the latter residing with her mother. The subject of this sketch attended school in his native land until he ^1 ^^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 517 was thirteen years of age, and after coming to America with his parents, he attended both the German and English schools of Milwaukee for about three years, after which he began learning the trade of harness- maker, serving an apprenticeship of two years under Michael Mueller. After working as a journeyman in Milwaukee for nine months, he went to Sheboygan Falls, Wis., continuing his work as a journeyman for one year, after which he went to Port Washington of the same State, and engaged in the harness business for himself. After remaining there for nearly two years, he, in 1863, went to Chicago, 111., working as a journeyman for a year and a half, then returning to Wisconsin. For the following sis mouths he worked at his trade in Portage City, then spent a year and a half at Fond du Lac, and nine months at Friendship. In the spring of 1867 he came to Missouri, opening a harness shop at New Frankfort, and after remaining there for over fourteen years, he, in November, 1877, came to Kansas City, Kas., where he has conducted a first-class harness shop and resided ever since, he being now the pio- neer harness dealer of the city. His first shop was opened at No. 447 Minnesota Avenue, but in June, 1879, he removed to No. 418 Minnesota Avenue, and since June, 1886, has been located at his present stand. His present establishment, which is 20x80 feet, is teeming with all kinds of goods kept in a first-class harness store, and as he is a courteous and accommodating gentleman, he has a very large patronage. He was married, July 16, 1870, to Miss Jennie Slyster, a native of Holland, born in January, 1852, a daughter of Jacob Philip Slyster. She came to America with her parents, and here her marriage occurred. Her union with Mr. Bloedel has resulted in the birth of the following fam- ily; AUida Anna (born May 11, 1871, and died August 1,1871), Jo- hanna Katharina (born June 13, 1872, and died November 25, 1875), Heinrich Jacob (born January 16, 1873, and died November 27, 1875), Alida Anna (born March 23, 1875, and died October 1, 1875), Herman Frederick (born November 25, 1876), Christina Katharina (born No- vember 4, 1878, and died December 1, 1886), Elnora Jennie (born September 8, 1880, and died August 2, 1881), Wilhelmina Francisca (born August 12, 1882, and died August 4, 1883), August Bernhard (born July 14, 1884), Elizabeth Jennie (born August 18, 1886, and died June 7, 1887), and Ida Hannah (born November 27, 1887, and died June 13, 1889). While a resident of New Frankfort, Mo., Mr. Bloedel served as treasurer of the school board for two years. He has always been an upright and honorable gentleman, and owing to his many admirable qualities he has a large circle of warm friends. He iht^ 518 HISTORY OF KANSAS. and his wife are among the city's best citizens, and are very highly respected by all who know them. Besides being a skillful workman and the thorough master of his trade, he has invented and received patents uj)on several very useful articles for harness, among which may be mentioned the Perfection Draft Attachment, upon which he re- ceived a patent July 1, 1S84, and a patent hame attachment, the patent being received June 30, 1885, and a patent holdback, for which he re- ceived his patent December 4, 1888. John Blomquist is a member of the tailoring establishment of Blomquist Bros., of Kansas City, Kas. , but was born in Sweden in 1849. Prior to coming io America he had learned his trade, but was not at all familiar with the English language, and after reaching this country, in his eighteenth year, he located first in Geneva, 111., where he remained two years. He then started out in business for himself in Oregon, 111., secured an excellent line of goods, and soon built up a paying business, but becoming dissatisfied he sold out, and after about four months spent in California he returned east as far as Kansas, and opened up an establishment in Kansas City and now has a very large aud select stock of gents' furnishing goods. He keeps from ten to fifteen journeymen at work all the time, and his establish- ment is second to none in this section of the State. He shows much skill, taste and experience as a tailor, and the proof of the pos- session of the qualities is the success which has followed the enter- prise. He had nothing at the outset to depend upon but the capital with which Nature had endowed him, but by a judicious use and development of these he is now doing a prosperous business. He is a Kepuljlican in his political views, and is yet unmarried. His jjarents were born in Sweden, and in that country the father died, but the mother is still living and makes her home with the subject of this sketch. His brother Charles is associated with him in business, and their stock of goods is valued at 110,000. John Blomquist is a stock- holder and director in the First National Bank, and is vice-president and second vice-president in one of the city banks. His house is a popular one and he, himself, is highly respected and esteemed as a thoroughly reliable man of business and a public-spirited citizen. E. F. Blum, deputy register of deeds of Wyandotte County, owes his nativity to Illinois, and came to Wyandotte County, Kas., in 1857. Here he was reared and received his education in the common schools. At the age of fourteen years he embarked in the mercantile business and continued this until 1S72, when he entered the employment of the J^l WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 519 Union Pacific Eailroad,with whicli he remained ten years, in a clerical ca- pacity. After this he returned to the mercantile hnsiness for himself, and carried this on till 18S7, when he was appointed chief deputy recorder of deeds. This position he has carried on ever since, has charge of all the office work, and is a most competent man for that position. He is a very popular man and a probable candidate for office. He has been a resident of Wyandotte County, or rather this city, for thirty- three years on August U, 1890, and the confidence which the people have in him is therefore intelligently placed, for they have had every opportunity to judge of his character and qualifications. He is a son of Frederick and Henrietta (Jungk) Blum, both natives of Germany, the father of Bavaria and the mother of Saxony. Of the seven chil- dren born to the above union, all are now alive and five are residing here. The father died in September, 1866, of blood-poisoning, and the mother died in September, 1879, of sunstroke, aged forty-eight and fifty-five years respectively. They were members of the German Lutheran Church. Mr. Blum is a member of the I. O. O. F., the A. F. & A. M. and the K. of P. In politics he is a Democrat. He was married to Miss Ida M. Young, in Middletown, 111., and to them were born two children: Edward Young and T. S. Mr. Blum is a most complete record-keeper, and will in all probability, fill that posi- tion for many j'ears longer. August Boeke is a native German, and in 1858 became a settler of Wyandotte County, Kas. At that time he was almost penniless, but he succeeded in obtaining employment in the saw-mill belonging to Wood & Betton, remaining with them until 1860, when he and Gus Rieke began the manufacture of shingles, a calling which they followed until the spring of 1861, when he abandoned this business to engage in farming on rented land. He succeeded so well that in 1863, in company with his brother, Henry, he purchased 160 acres of land in Section 19, which they cleared and farmed successfully until 1887, when they sold 102 acres, retaining fifty-eight acres. This land is now known as the West End Addition. At the time they purchased it from George Big Knife, an Indian, they paid him $6 per acre, and when they sold it they received $500 for it. After selling out, August Boeke purchased his present handsome residence, and the view from the same is very extended and beautiful. During his early life here he came in constant contact with the Indians, they being the owners of all the land in this section, and as he was compelled to suffer many privations and hardships, he fully deserves the easy life which the future promises. 9 "V Mr. Boeke is a kind and accommodating neighbor, and commands tbe hearty liking and respect of all who know him, for he is upright in all his dealings, is enterprising in his views, and is thoroughly public spirited. He was born in Leippe Detmoldt, Germany, September 15, 183(i, and is the fifth of eight children born to Mina and J. (J. Boeke, and from the time he was old enough to work until he attained the age of nineteen years, his time was devoted to assisting his father on the farm. He then crossed the Atlantic Ocean with his sisters, Charlotte and Mina, and with them went to -Jacksonville, HI., but at the end of two years removed to Kansas City, Mo. In 1801 Mina was married to Anton. Shirline, of Kansas City, Mo. , and Charlotte wedded An- drew Geiger, and is living in Wyandotte County. In 1875 Mr. Boeke was married to Henrietta Jasper, a native of Germany, her birth oc- curring there in 1852, and to them three children have been born: Mary, Anna and Augusta. The family are members of the German Lutheran Church, and in his political views he is a stanch Republican. August W. Boeke was born in Kansas City, Mo. , September 16, 1860, but his parents, Henry and Henrietta (Walker) Boeke, were born in Germany, were married in Kansas City, Mo., in 1851), and of a family of five children born to them, four are now living, of whom August W. is the eldest. Both parents are living and are residents of Wyandotte County, to which place they came when August was quite small and now, as then, are residing near Argentine. August W. Boeke was given fair advantages for acquiring an education, and these advantages he improved to the utmost, and at the age of seventeen years he gradu- ated from Spalding's Commercial College of Kansas City, Mo., and the following year from the high school of the same place, and at the age of eighteen years took a position as an assistant engineer in Kan- sas City, Kas., continuing in this capacity two years. His technical education was obtained from a private tutor. In 1883 he was ap- pointed deputy surveyor of Wyandotte County, but at the end of four years he was appointed city engineer, being reappointed in 1889, and is now discharging his duties faithfully and efficiently and in a man- ner highly commendable. He has shown his approval of secret organ- izations by becoming a member of the K. of P. He is also a member of the Engineers' Club of Kansas City, and politically, has always sup- ported the principles of the Republican party. His marriage, which occurred on May 1, 1889, was to Miss Nellie Burgoyne, of Kansas City, Kas. , and their union has resulted in the birth of a daughter, Henrietta. Charles Bohl, ex-councilman of the Second Ward, Kansas City, Kas. ^ ® "i^i=^ >y 1 WYANDOTTE CO0NTY. 521 ^ Mr. Bohl was elected first to the above position in 1884, to fill a va- cancy during Gen. Cornell's administration, serving up to the election of Mr. Martin in 1885. After the consolidation of the cities he was elected again at the general election, he being one of the consolidated cities' members. He was made chairman of some of the most important committees and did valiant and substantial service for the new city. During that time they granted the franchise of the Metropolitan Street Railroad. He championed the people's side and was assisted by ex-Mayor Hammon. The prime object was, the charge, ten cents fare from Kansas City, Mo., to this city, also the right of way over all bridges, which he refused, compelling them to build one of their own. He deserves the credit that is given him. The North -Western Railroad, Chelsea Park Street Railroad, also Armourdale Branch of same, also Riverview Branch of Elevated Road, and he got five bridges in the north end, costing over $50,000, also the grading and paving of Third Street to Seventh Street, Thirteenth Street was graded, north Fifth Street and Sixth Oakland Avenue were graded and paved, also numerous other improvements made. Tenth Street was opened, and during his term the general improvements made footed up to over $1,250,000. Mr. Bohl has ever taken an active in- terest in all that was of benefit to his city or to the county. He was born on December 17, 1S38, in Germany, and is the youngest of four children born to George Bohl, who was a native of Germany. The latter was a cabinet-maker by trade, and died in 1847, throwing his son Charles on his own resources at an early age. The latter remained in his native country until 1866, caring for his mother, who died in 1885, and then came to the United States. He located in Indianapolis, Ind., in 1868, remained there eleven years following the trade of cabinet-maker, and moved to this city in August, 1878, where he has made his home since. He came here with very little means, but by saving and hard work he has accumulated considerable means. He was foreman in Armour's Packing House for ten years. In 1862 he was married to Miss Mary Tippert, who bore him two children: Charley, and Mary (who is the wife of Chris Biler). Mrs. Bohl died on December 26, 1868, and in 1870 Mr. Bohl married his present wife, Miss Louisa Buckhorn, daughter of Chris Buckhorn. She was born in Marion County, Ind., in 1849, and they have one child — Louisa. Mr. Bohl is a Republican in his political principles, following the belief of Oliver P. Morton, the war governor of Indiana, and upon his ticket he was elected to his present office. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., No. i \> ' Ml 522 HISTORY OF KANSAS. 68, of which he is past chief patriarch of the encampment, and is also of the Germania No. 41, K. of P., organizing the above in 1881, and was its first chancellor commander, is an ancient member of the Druids and the I. O. of R. M. Himself and family are members of the German Lutheran Church. Rev. G. C. Booth, D. D. (colored), a leading educator and one of the prominent divines of Kansas, owes his nativity to Connecticut, his birth occurring in Farminglon on March 5, 1842. He received his pri- mary education in the home schools, graduated and fitted himself for college in the State Normal, and in 1877 finished a theological course at Yale. He worked on a farm for some time, when a young man, then taught school, and in 1864 went to St. Louis, where he organized the first colored school, and where he remained two years. From there he went to Quincy, 111., was connected with the schools at that place for two years, and then taught in different places, proving himself an in- structor of great ability. In 188') he came to Kansas City, Kas., to as- sume control of the Western University (colored), and has labored most persistently for the past four years to secure a perfect title to the tract of land at Quindaro, and to bring about such a condition of things as will make the establishment of a University for the education of the colored youth at this point a possibility. This he has done quietly and with- out any flourishing of trumpets. In fact but few people have known that any thing of the kind was being done. He has never taken a cent of money from any one to help in the prosecution of his purposes, and although many times the way has been dark, he has persevered till success has rewarded him and his people. By precept and example Mr. Booth has taught them that the best help that any person or proj- jeet can receive is self help, and the university that will be built will be conducted on that principle. He is a highly cultured gentleman and an orator of considerable ability. His course in regard to the management of the Western University, and as a citizen of this city for the past four years, shows him to be a man who is entitled to the respect and confidence of the people. His ideas concerning the development of his race are certainly correct, and every good citizen will extend him a helping hand whenever there is an opportunity to do so. Mr. Booth joined the Congregational Church when a young man, but afterward, in 1863, he joined the African Methodist Episcopal Church at St. Louis. Since then he has ministered to the spiritual wants of his fellow-men in different cities, and has met with very satis- factory results. He has had charge of churches at Quincy (111. ), Chi- "^^ — ^ ^ — .rf^ 4 WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 523 cago, Detroit, New Haven (Conn. ), Springfield (111. ), Providence (R. I.), and at this place. He is a son of Alfred and Sophia Booth, natives of New England. There the father died when our subject was nine years of age, but the mother is still living, is seventy years of age and has been a member of the Baptist Church for fifty years. On April 15, 1865, Rev. Booth was married to Miss Edith Brown, daughter of Henry and Sarah I. Brown. She died in Springfield, 111., and left three children: Alice, Edward and Charles. In 1878 Mr. Booth took for his second wife Miss Penelope McGlinn, one of the first graduates of New Haven High School, and the first colored lady to teach in the schools of New England. This union resulted in the birth of two chil- dren: Grace and Ellen. Bowman Bros., grocerymen, Argentine, Kas. Among the leading grocery establishments of Argentine is that of Bowman Bros., which for the extent of its trade, the variety of its stock and the superiority of its goods, is entitled to more than ordinary prominence and recog- nition. This house was opened at Argentine in May, 1885, and though numbered among the more recent of the establishments of this city, it has, nevertheless, pushed itself into public notice, and already enjoys a favorable notoriety. The senior member of the firm, Charles E. Bow- man, was born in Utica, Oneida County, N. Y. , December 23, 1846, and is the son of John A. and Ann (Owens) Bowman, natives of the Empire State. The parents emigrated to Joliet, Will County, 111. , in 1855, and there remained until 188-1, when they removed to Argen- tine, Kas. There they reside at the present time. The father has been a railroad man the most of his life. Their family consisted of five children, four now living: Ella E. (wife of James S. Matthews), Ida L. (wife of Charles M. Northup) and John F. (of the firm Bow- man Bros.). Charles E. Bowman attained his growth and received his education in Joliet, Will County, 111. (where the other children were also educated), and later entered the employ of the United States Ex- press ofiice at Joliet. There he remained two years. In 1870 he went to St. Joseph, La., and was there postmaster for four years, at the same time keeping books for a mercantile firm. Later he was employed in the Custom House at New Orleans for one year, was deputy sheriff for one year, and deputy tax collector for the same length of time, spending about fourteen years in the South. He also spent one year at Alton. 111. , where he was in the employ of the United States Express Company. In March, 1885, be came to Argentine, Kas., and here he has since been in business. He has been a member of the city ^- lL^ council and is the present city treasurer. He is also agent for the Pacific Express. He was united in marriage in 1881 to Miss Emma B. Richardson, a native of Illinois, who bore him two children: Clara E. and John R. Mr. Bowman is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Ben Hur Lodge No. 322, of which he is secretary, and is one of the enterprising and progressive men of Argentine. John P. Bowman was married in 1887 to Miss Kittie Scharff, a native of Logansport, Tnd. , and they have one child — Neatie M. Mr. Bowman is also a member of the same lodge in Masonry as his brother, Charles E., and both brothers are members of the Eastern Star Lodge. John F. came to Argentine in 1885, from Joliet, 111., where he was engaged in mer- chandising for two years, and he also filled the position of deputy county treasurer of Will County for two years. He has been a mem- ber of the Argentine City Council for one term. Dr. Alvin Boyce, physician, Argentine, Kas. This young, but very successful, medical practitioner was born in Weatherstield, Vt., on June 1, 1860, and comes of an old and representative family. He was reared in a small village in his native State, and attended the public schools until fifteen years of age, after which he went to Winchendon, Mass. There he studied medicine until twenty- four years of age, and in 1884 went to Chicago, where he took his first course of lectures, graduating in 1888. He first began practicing at El wood. Neb., but remained there only about fifteen months, and in 1888 came to Argen- tine, Kas., where he has since been in active practice. He is a mem- ber of the Kansas State Medical Society, and of the Homoeopathic Medical Society, of the State of Kansas, and is physician for four of the following societies: L O. O. F., A. O. U. W., Iron Hall, Equita- ble Aid Union, and Modern Woodmen. He is a leading member of the Baptist Church, and has been superintendent of the Sabbath- school for about two years. He was married in May, 1889, to Miss Eva Kendrick, of Vermont, and is the father of one child — Ariel K. ' Mrs. Boyce is also a member of the Baptist Church. The Doctor has taken a great interest in building uj) his church, and in the promo- tion of the Sabbath -school, besides being identified with other leading organizations, in which his name figures quite prominently. He gradu- ated at Hahnemann Medical College. The Doctor is cut out for his chosen profession, which has been amply shown by his flattering suc- cess since residing in this city. His parents, William B. and Helen D. (Damon) Boyce, were natives of New Hampshire and Vermont, be- ing of English and Welsh descent, and now live in Massachusetts. ^i te- WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 525 Patrick Bradish, a resident of Section 1, Wj^andotte Township, Wyandotte County, Kaa. , is both a practical farmer and a horticultur- ist. He was born iu the old city of Limerick, Ireland, in 1812, and was the fourth of a family of nine children, three daughters deceased ere Mr. Bradish was born, and following his birth were Stephen (de- ceased), Thomas (deceased), John (residing in Kansas City, Kas., en gaged in railroading in the Union Pacific shops), Michael (is a farmer, residing in Wyandotte County), and Lawrence (who resides in Colorado, employed with the Santa Fe Railroad, and is the youngest in the family). The parents were natives of the Emerald Isle, and are now deceased. Patrick Bradish received his early education in the old subscription schools, and he is a stanch friend of all good educational institutions. He commenced life for himself when about twenty-eight years of age, without a dollar, but with a pair of strong and willing arms and a deter- mination to succeed. He was married in the spring of 1840 to Miss Bridget McTierney. a native, also, of Ireland, and eight children blessed this union: John (died at the age of eight years), Bridget (died at the age of eight years), Michael (is a farmer and horticulturist in Wyan- dotte County), Thomas (died at the age of three years), John (died at the age of two years), Stephen (resides at home with his i)arents, and is a well-educated young gentlemen; he follows the occupation of a farmer and horticulturist, and expects to make that his future avocation), and Thomas (who resides at home, and who, also, is well educated; he is also a farmer and gardener, and the youngest in the family). Mr. Bradish has always supported the principles of true Jeffersonianism, and cast his first pi-esidential vote for Stephen A. Douglas. He has always taken an active part in politics, and is a man who supports men of honor and integrity, which idea he has instilled into the minds of his boys. Mr. and Mrs. Bradish are devout members of the Catholic Church, Kansas City, Kas., and they have ever contributed to all be- nevolent institutions which have been to them for their worthy consid- eration. This worthy couple emigrated to Wyandotte County in the summer of 1857, when the county was in its primitive condition, and at a time when Kansas City, Kas. , had hardly fifty residents, and has lived to see the population grow to 38,000. Land that at that time was worth $6 per acre is now valued at from $700 to $1,000 per acre. Mr. Bradi-sh has fifty-four acres of excellent land, on which he raises fruit and grain, and has comfortable buildings of all kinds, all the result of hard labor and honesty. Judge I. F. Bradley is a rising young attorney of Kansas City, >C ^ v^^ :[^ 526 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Kas. , and as lie possesses a thorough knowledge of legal lore, and is honorable and upright in all his dealings, he fully deserves the success which he is now enjoying. He was born al Hazelwood Hall, near Cambridge, Saline County, Mo., September 8, 1862, and although he received a very limited education in his jouth, he was anxious to ob- tain a good education, and to this end saved his earnings and in time entered the Lincoln Institute at Jefferson City, Mo., from which he was graduated in 188?, after four years of earnest and jjersistent study, having taken a complete normal course. The following summer he canvassed for a book, but not liking that business, he determined to enter some profession, and with the idea that law offered an excellent jield for a young man to rise in the world, he, in the fall of the year, entered the Law School at Lawrence, Kas., and was graduated with the degree of LL. B. in 1887. He was admitted to practice in the courts of the State, and soon opened an office in Kansas City, and has since controlled a lucrative practice. He was the only colored man in his class at college, and held a high rank in the same, his average per cent being ninety-three and one-half. In April, 1889, he was elected to the office of justice of the peace for two years, and is now discharg- ing the duties of this responsible position, being a very popular jus- tice. He thoroughly understands the details of his profession, and bids fair to become eminent in this calling. William Barshfeld is the head butcher of the cattle-killing depart- ment of Armour's Packing House in Kansas City, and has been a resi- dent of this place for more than ten years. He is a native of Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, and when an infant was brought to America by his parents, and was reared in St. Louis, Mo. , acquiring a good com- mon-school education in that place. His father was a St. Louis butcher, and also conducted a meat-market at that place, and it may be truly said that the subject of this sketch was reared to that trade. After starting out in life for himself, he worked for the butchers of that city until 1860, at which time he went to Nashville, 111., but con- tinued to pursue his calling there until his removal to Kansas City, Kas. For some time after reaching this place he worked for Bigger & Nofsinger, then entered the employ of P. D. Armour, and since 1879 has been one of his leading butchers, holding the position of foreman since 1884. He is very capable and exjaeditious, and no more fitting man for the place could be found, for he most thoroughly un- derstands every detail of the work, and puts his knowledge into prac- tice. He is a man of family, having been married in Illinois to Miss ^^ -^ >y -t^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 527 M. A. Fei'vy, cand as a result seven childrea have been born to them: George W. , Henry R., Charles P., Emma, Jeanette, Mary and a son dead. Mr. Barshfeld is the owner of a comfortable and pleasant home at No. 400 Everett Street, Kansas City, Kas. , and being pleased with the city and surrounding country, he expects to make this his fut- ure home. ■ He is a patron of education, and is giving his children good educational advantages. Politically he supports Democratic principles, and socially he belongs to the K. of P. and the A. O. U. W. He was born on September V2, 1848, and is a son of George and Catherine (Seffin) Barshfeld, the former of whom died at the age of seventy-live years, the latter being still alive. They have two sons and two daughters, one son and two daughters beiog residents of St. Louis. Jacob M. Broadhurst, councilman of the Fourth Ward, Argen- tine, Kas. The name of Broadhurst is one of the most influential in Argentine, and is one of the most respected by this community. He was born in Clay County, Mo., on July 24, 1857, and is the third in a family of nine children, born to Alfred and Elizabeth (Fanbion) Broadhurst, natives of Tennessee. Jacob M. Broadhurst was early trained to the duties of the farm, grew to manhood in his native county, and received a common education in the country schools. He tilled the soil with fair success in Clay County until 1874, when he emigrated to Johnson County, Kas., and there he remained until 1889, when he came to Wyandotte County. He has been a resident of this State since 1874, and has followed different pursuits, teaming for some time at Armourdale, and after coming here was engaged in the grocery business for some time. In 1890 he was elected council- man of the Fourth Ward of Argentine, on the citizens' ticket, and is a Democrat in his political views. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and is liberal in his support of all enter- prises for the good of county, or any charitable or benevolent move- ment. Mr. Broadhurst was married, in 1879, to Miss Mary Hundley, a native of Leavenworth, Kas., born on May 24, 1859, and the daugh- ter of William Hundley. The fruits of this union have been fotu- children, who are named as follows: Delia, Ressie, Roy and C. Essie. Michael L. Brophy, dealer in staple and fancy groceries, Rose- dale, Kas. ' ' The food we eat " is a vitally important question, and one which concerns the happiness and welfare of every man, woman and child. It is but natural to suppose that the best groceries are to be found in those establishments which transact the largest business. One of the -f^ finest groceries in Rosedale is that conducted by Mr. Brophy, who keeps everything usually found in a first class house. Mr. Brophy is an Irishman by birth and American by adoption. He was born in Queen's County, Ireland, thirty-seven years ago the 9th of last April (1890), and is the son of Mark and Ann (Coragan) Brophy, both natives of the same county as their son. His mother died there in 1863, but his father is still living and is a prosperous farmer of his native county. Michael L. Brophy secured a fair education in the schools of his native county, and when seventeen years of age left Ire- land to seek a new home in America. After reaching this country he located first in Meriden, Conn., and worked in the glass works in that place for three years. He then went to Milwaukee, Wis., remained in that State about a year, and then made up his mind to return to the old country, which he did, remaining there about two years. He again came to America, landed in New York City, where he made his home for two years, and where he was engaged in the retail liquor business. In 1879 he came West and settled in Rosedale, Kas. , en- gaged in the barb- wire fence business for two years, and for three years built wrought-iron fence also, and in 1885 branched into the grocery business. He has an excellent trade, and while in this house can always be found the best, it may also be stated, with equal truth, that here, too, can be bought the cheapest, a fact which has consider- ably contributed to the store's success. The second year he was in this city he was on the police force, and in 1889 he was treasurer of the city. In 1880 he was married to Miss Johanna Harrington. Mr. and Mrs. Brophy have a very interesting family, consisting of four children: The eldest, Annie M. ; next, Johanna E. and Julia; then comes the pet of the house, Mark Bernard (now in his fifth year). Mr. Brophy has been for some time past a Forester, and in his political principles is a Re- publican. He is a prominent and enterprising citizen. Thomas Brosnan, stone contractor (Armourdale), Kansas City, Kas. It is a recognized fact that among those who have made their home in Wyandotte County, the men of foreign birth have contributed their full share to the development and prosperity of a community known as one of the best in this portion of the State. And it is also apparent that those of Irish nativity have occupied no inferior position in all matters tending to the improvement and continued progress of Wyan- dotte County. Born in County Kerry, Ireland, Thomas Brosnan ob- tained his early education in a national school on his father' s farm, and while yet young was taken by his uncle, now Canon Brosnan, of ^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 529 Cahei'ceveen, County Kerry, who is also the originator of the idea of erecting a memorial church to Ireland's faithful son, the liberator, Daniel O'Connel, in his native town Caherceveen. When taking Thomas in charge. Father Brosnan was curate in Millstreet in County Cork, where he devoted a good deal of his time in educating both Thomas and his brother Jerry, the former had a natural turn for architecture, and was placed in the charge of Barry McMullin, one of the largest builders in South Ireland, where he learned architectural drawing, becoming thoroughly acquainted with all branches of the building trade. After an apprenticeship of seven years he, in June, ISTS, sailed for America, taking passage at Queenstown, and landing in New York City, where he worked at his trade for nine months. He then came to Cleveland, Ohio, and worked in the city, and along the lakes for the Government on light-house work for about five years, and then started for Houston, Tex. From there he went to New Orleans, Memphis and Vicksburg, where he settled down, but during the yel- low fever epidemic he was compelled to leave, going back to Ireland again to breathe his native air. He remained at his old home for about a year, and then returned to the United States, coming directly to Kansas City, Mo. , where he resided two years, engaged in contracting. In 1883 he removed to Armourdale, built his present business house, known as the Lone Elm House, also several other stores and dwellings, and has carried on business here ever since. Mr. Brosnan is a large stone contractor, owns a fine quarry, and also considerable town prop- erty. He certainly deserves credit for his enterprise, as he has ever been willing to advance the interests of his city. He attends strictly to his own business, meddles with no one in theirs, and is a first-class citizen. His brother, Patrick, is with him in the quarry business, and is also engaged in real estate. Patrick came over in 1884, and he and his brother do an extensive business. Jeremiah came with Thomas in 1873, and a sister, Minnie, crossed the ocean in 1888, and is house- keeper for these brothers, who also keep a lodging-house. Maggie came over in 1884, but returned to her home in Ireland. Elizabeth is in a convent in the Argentine Republic. The parents of Mr. Brosnan, Benjamin and Mary (Kelleher) Brosnan, are natives of Ireland, and there they still reside. They were the parents of a large family, four of whom ai-e in the United States. Lewis A. Brotherson was born in Denmark, April 11, 1840, being a son of Andrew J. and Anna Christina (Aagard) Brotherson, who were married about 1831, and became the parents of five children: 530 HISTORY OF KANSAa. Hans L. , Bodel C. , Lewis A, , Andrew J. and Andy J. Bode] C. died when she was twenty years of age. Hans L. still resides in Denmark, but two of his sons came to America, and now live in Kansas City, Kas. The other members of the family also reside in Wyandotte County, Kas. Lewis A. and Andrew J., being residents of Kansas City, Andy J. being a fai-mer in the western part of the county. The I)Hrents of these children are both dead, the father having passed from life in 1871, and the mother in 1864. They were members of the Danish Lutheran Church, and were highly honored in the community in which they resided. The subject of this sketch spent his youth and early manhood in his native country, and between the ages of six and tifteen years he attended school, his attention being given to farm- ing from that time until he was twenty-one years of age. At the age of twenty-two years he secured the position of clerk in a general store, but at the end of three months he resigned it to enter the service of his country, which was then at war with Prussia, this being in 1804. He served four months, participating in a number of battles, and dur- ing this time was once captured and held a prisoner three days. Ui)- on leaving the army he returned to the same store in which he had formerly clerked, and here he continued to work until 1867. By this time the portion of Denmark in which he resided had been transferred to Prussia, and he was called upon to take the oath of allegiance to the Prussian Government, but firmly declining to do this ho was com- pelled to leave the country, which he did in Ajiril, 1867. On leaving his old home he went to Denmark proper, where he remained four years engaged in farming, after which he returned to his former home, and on April 20, 186U, was married to Miss Anna M. Browhn, starting with his wife, twelve days after their marriage, for America, embark- ing at Copenhagen on May 15, and landing at Quebec in the early part of June. They at once left that place for Jefferson City, Mo., but after a residence of two years in this city they removed to Kansas City, Mo., and a year later, or in 1872, came to Kansas City, Kas., where they have since made their home. On October 5, 1871, Mr. Brotherson entered the employ of the Armour Packing Company, and has remained with it continuously ever since, a period of nearly nine- teen years, which is proof positive of his faithfulness, and the high esteem in which he is held by his employers. Eighteen years of this time he has held the position of foreman. In the spring of 187'2 be purchased two vacant lots on the corner of North Third Street and Troup Avenue, and upon one of them, in the fall of the same yeai', he 't'ls r- - spy WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 531 built a dwelling-house, which he occupied as his home until 1889, but which he still owns. Upon the other, in 1889, he built a two-story brick business block, 24x60 feet, at a cost of $3,200, and since it has been completed has occupied the upper portion of it as a dwelling, the lower floor, since November, 1889, being devoted to groceries, of which his son, Andrew C, has charge, the room for four months after its completion being used as a drug store. Mr. Brotherson's marriage has resulted in the birth of live children: Andrew C, Mary (deceased), Matilda, Milford P. (who died in infancy), and Milford P. (named for the former). Mr. and Mrs. Brotherson are members of the Methodist Protestant Church, and the former belongs to the A. O. U. W. and K. of P. Wilber J. Bi'ouse, druggist, Armourdale, Kas. This prominent druggist of Armourdale was born in Pottawatomie County, Kas., on June 1, 1856, and comes of German ancestors, dating back to the great-grandfather, who emigrated to the United States at an early date and settled in Pennsylvania. The father of our subject, J. H. Brouse, was a native of the Keystone State, and was a sxiccessful agri- culturist. He emigrated to Ohio, thence to Chicago, 111., and in 1855 to Manhattan, Kas., where he became the owner of a fine tract of land on which he now resides. He was married to Miss Josephine Arnold, a native of Ohio, and by this union became the father of six children, Wilber J., being third in order of birth. The children are named as follows: Harry A., Alfred H. subject, Frank D., Florence J. and L. P. Wilber J. Brouse was reared in Manhattan, Kas., and received a thorough education in Kansas State Agricultural College. After leaving school he was engaged in Government geological pur- suits in scientific resources under the direction of Prof. E. D. Cope, of Philadelphia, and in this he was engaged for about six years, travel- ing in different parts of the United States. He then was employed as a drug clerk in Wyandotte, Kas., and was there about two years. In 1884 he embarked in the drug business for himself at Armourdale, where he still carries on business. He has been very successf li1, and is one of the most popular and reliable druggists in the city. He car- ries everything in the drug line, and one has but to visit his place to see his prosperity. He was married in 1887 to Miss Carrie E. Enochs? and two children are the fruits of this union: Maude and Mildred. Mr. Brouse is a member of the K. of P., also the A. O. U. W. He has been city clerk of Armounlale, aad a member of the Board of Ed- ucation, of Kansas City. William T. Brown has been a resident of Wyandotte County Kas., since May, 1879, and his example of earnest and sincere endeavor to succeed in life is well worthy the imitation of the rising generation. He is one of the successful grocers of this section, and his establish- ment is admirably conducted. He was born in Pike County, 111. , Decem- ber 28, 1838, to William and Sarah (Quinby) Brown, the former of whom was born in England, and the latter in Ohio. William Brown came to America ia early manhood, and was married in the Buckeye State, in 1818, shortly after which he removed to the State of Illinois, and after a brief residence in Morgan County, settled in Pike County, where he entered some Government land, and farmed for more than half a century. He was thoroughly honorable and upright, and had the respect of the entire community in which he lived. Of nine chil- dren born to himself and wife, the subject of this sketch was the eighth, and live are now living: Henry E., Mary A., Archibald Quinby, Lucinda, Patience, Collins B., Jacob B., William T. and Sarah J., of whom Henry, Archibald, Jacob, William and Sarah are living. The parents of these children died in the same house in Griggsville, Pike County, 111. , the former in 1879, and the latter in 1881. The subject of this sketch attained manhood in his native county, and by turns labored on the farm and attended school until twenty years of age, or in 1859, when he came to Kansas and entered at the Fort Scott land office, eighty acres of laud in Lynn County, which he proved up and sold at the end of a year for double the sum he had paid for it. He then returned to his old home in Illinois, and in the town of New Salem he secured the position of clerk in a grocery store owned by J. C. Curtis, and in this he remained until May, 1861, when on the twenty-first of that month he entered the Union army in Company K, Sixteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, in which he served for three years. He entered as a private, but on July 3, 1861, he was promoted to sergeant, and in that capacity served until the ex- piration of his term of service, participating in the battles of Shiloh, Missionary Ridge, Chattanooga and Resaca, in all of which he dis- charged his duty in a manner becoming a loyal soldier. He accom- panied Sherman on his march to the sea as far as Rome, Ga. , by which time his term of enlistment had expired, and he was sent back to Chattanooga, where he was honorably discharged June 12, 1864. He then returned to Pike County, 111., and spent a short time with his parents, but in the fall of 1864, went to Alton, 111., where for about six months he acted as a prison guard in the State Penitentiary *7I^ i "V .4ii^=^ ^ ^ "k, WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 533 at that place. Retxixning to Pike County, he secured a position as clerk in a dry goods store belonging J. D. Philbrick at Griggsville, but at the end of six months returned to Alton, where he was em- ployed in a foundry and machine shop until 1869. During this time he was married. May 21, 1867, to Miss Sarah F. Merrill, who was born in New York City, July 16, 1844, a daughter of John and Lucy (Kellogg) Merrill. In 1869 Mr. Brown removed from Alton, 111., to Springfield, Mo., where he made his home for ten years, the first four years being employed in the Springfield Iron Works. There was manufactured by this establishment the grain thresher known as the ' ' Star of the West, ' ' which Mr. Brown and is brother Collins, had patented in 1867. In 1872 he turned his attention to the grocery business, becoming the partner of Peter Imler, but the firm of Brown & Imler, lasted only one year, Mr. Brown then becoming sole pro- prietor. He continued that business in Springfield until May, 1879, when he removed his family and stock of goods to Kansas City, Kas. , and established a grocery on North James Street, but September 12, 1887, he removed to No. 415 La Fayette Avenue, in Edgerton Place, where he had erected a good business building, 24x50 feet, in August, 1887, and here has conducted a first-class establishment ever since. He still owns the property on North James Street, and a two story brick building 24x50 feet, at No. 300, which he erected in 1883. Be- sides this he has an excellent frame residence at No. 2072 North Fifth Street, which he had erected in the spring of 1887. His marriage has resulted in the birth of four children: Charles E. (born Novem- ber 23, 1868), Fred W. (born November 21, 1870), Martha H. (born September 28, 1873), and Harry W. (born May 11, 1875). Mr. and Mrs. Brown are worthy members of the Baptist Church, and also be- long to the Equitable Aid Union of America, Mr. Brown being a member of the G. A. K. He has been a life-long Eepublican, and the first year after the towns of Wyandotte, Armoiirdale and Kansas City, Kas., were consolidated, he was a member of the city council. He is an agreeable and social gentleman, and he and his family are among the very best citizens of the place. Joseph C. Brown has been a worthy citizen of Wyandotte County, Kas., since 1877, and since locating here he has devoted his attention to farming and small fruit-growing. He has half an acre in Con- cord grapes, one acre in raspberries, one acre in blackberries, one acre in strawberries, 400 apple trees, besides numerous peach, plum and cherry trees, forty acres in corn and besides this is the owner of '■ ^* — ^ 534 HISTORY OF KANSAS. thirteen acres in Argentine, known as the Clinton Place, five acres in Mount Auburn and five acres for his home place. He started out in life for himself as a farm laborer with no means whatever, and first rented land, saving enough money to purchase his present place in 1880, paying for it $30 per acre. He is now worth nearly 150,000 and has a fine, comfortable residence and admirable out-buildings. He was born in West Virginia, December, 27, 1845, being the eighth of twelve chil- dren born to Joseph and Betsey (Steele) Brown, natives of Virginia, the former a farmer by occupation. At the age of sixteen years Joseph C. Brown enlisted in Company C, Sixteenth Regiment of Vir- ginia Cavalry, under Capt. John Hankins, Col. Ferguson's brigade, and the most of his service was in Virginia, where he with bis com- pany did some effective service. He did duty in Pennsylvania also, and although at one time captured and wounded, he managed to escape. He always kept a good horse, and was looked upon by his comrades and officers as a trustworthy and faithful soldier. He has experienced a great many hardships and privations during his career, but is now in a position to rest from his labors and enjoy the fruit of his early toil. After the war he returned to his native county, and there he made his home tintil his removal to Wyandotte County, Kas. , in 1877. He was married in 1868, to Miss Mary Barrett, but she died after three years of married life, and his second union took place in 1872, the maiden name of his wife being Eveline Ball, a daughter of Andrew Ball, a native of Russell County, Va. Mrs. Brown was born in 1854, and has borne her husband eight children: Marabel, Sarah, Joseph, George, Emily, Roy, Lena, and an infant unnamed. Mr. Brown is a Democrat, and he and Mrs. Brown are members of the Baptist Church. Socially he belongs to the I. O. O. F., Argentine Lodge No. 44. Hon. Erastus D. Browne, farmer, Kansas City, Kas. Just at the western border of the city limits lies the farm of E. D. Browne, em- bracing ninety acres in his home place. This tract of land was origi- nally the farm of G. R. Clarke, chief of the Wyandottes, who, dying left it to his two children, Dick and Millie, and Mr. Browne became the owner of a portion of it in 1862. The old Indian house was the only one on it, and but little of the land was cultivated. Clearing it up, Mr. Browne began to turn his attention to horticulture, at one time having eight acres in vineyard, besides raising a great many ap- ples, peaches, etc. Clearing and cultivating has developed this farm into one of the finest in the county. Erastus D. Browne was born on s|V July 2(), 1828, in Granville, Washington County, N. Y., and is the son of Jonathan and Abbie (Everts) Browne, both natives of the Em- pire State. Jonathan was a commissioned otticer in the War of 1812, enlisting just one month after his marriage, and participated in the battle of Plattsburg. He served out the term of his enlistment. His father, Jonathan Browne, and the latter' s brother, Solomon, were soldiers in the Ilevolutiouary War, and were captured. An officer of the British army commanded Solomon, who was biit a boy, to perform some menial labor, but he refused, and the officer repeated the same order, at the same time drawing his sword and threatening him with instant death if another word was returned. Jonathan, knowing his brother's courage and independent spirit, thrust a handkerchief in his mouth, and thus cut ofP further words. Gen. Browne, of Western New York, is a brother of Jonathan and Solomon. Jonathan Browne, the father of our subject, reared a family of eleven children, nine of whom are living at the present time, and five of whom have lived out their three-score years and ten, and are still living. These children have adopted the custom of all meeting and celebrating the seventieth birthday of each as they attain that age. On February 19, 1890, the fifth gathering of this kind was celebrated at Evanston, 111. Charles E. Browne, an elder brother of E. D., is ranked as one of the pioneers of Chicago, having settled in that place fifty-live years ago. He is now seventy-four years of age, and according to the Chi- cago Evening Post of May 28, 1890, his eyes are bright, his complex- ion florid and healthy, his hair and beard but slightly tinged with gray, his figure erect and commanding, and he looks nearer thirty-five than seventy-five. Hon. Erastus D. Browne, until seventeen years of age, enjoyed the advantages of a good common- school education, studying algebra and natural philosophy, the teacher only being able to ask the printed questions at the bottom of the page, and trust to the perspicuity of her pupil to answer correctly. In 1845 Mr. Browne came west to his two older brothers, Jonathan and Charles, also Fay- ette S., who were in Milwaukee, and afterward his father came to that town, and securing a farm near by, resided there until his death, in 1858. After studying law, Erastus was admitted to the bar in 1855, Judge Levi Hubbell presiding, and he then practiced there with his younger brother, E. L. Browne, until 1858, when he came to Wyandotte County. He had invested several thousand dollars in Quindaro property, and here he practiced law three or four years. Dur- in£^ the next few years the boom died out, many of ti^e citizens left, 536 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. and Mr. Browne turned his attention to fruit-growing for a living. About 1861 he was made township trustee, and shortly afterward he served as probate judge. He was unanimously nominated for superin- tendent of public instruction by the State convention that nominated Senator Ingalls for lieutenant-governor, but owing to a factional fight, the entire ticket was beaten. Mr. Browne has the satisfaction of knowing that biit seventeen votes of his own county were cast against him. He was always a bitter enemy of Jim Lane, and fought him on all occasions. Though a Union man all the way through, he took no active part in the war, except to repulse Gen. Price at Blue and West- port. This was the beginning and end of his military career in the Civil War. He served in Col. Newly' s regiment of Illinois Volun- teers, and his first lieutenant was Judge Murry F. Tuley. of Chica- go. On August 2, 1879, he was united in marriage to Miss Jennie Griswold, daughter of Hiram Griswold, from Columbia County, N. Y. , a prosperous farmer and merchant. Mr. and Mrs. Browne are the parents of two bright boys, Griswold and Erastus, aged ten and eight years, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Browne affiliate with the Presby- terians in religious matters. He joined the Odd Fellows in New York, but has not attended lodge for a number of years, because it has not been convenient to do so. In business Mr. Browne has been success- ful. When first coming to Quindaro he invested his all, several thou- sand dollars, in town lots there, and was left with town property on hand, and with the probability that the town had vanished. Getting enough loans together to purchase a farm, he engaged in the nursery business, which proved more fortunate than his previous speculation. His fruit-growing furnished a surplus, and he invested his savings judiciously, until now he owns property in Kansas City, Wyandotte, etc. He is also president of the West Side Railroad Company. The plan was conceived in 1888, and securing a franchise it was incor- porated the same year. The fi-auchise changed hands, and under the new regime the work will be actively pushed to completion. There will be on the present road three and a half miles, and the power- house will be sufficient to run twenty five to twenty-eight acres covered with timber. Dr. Greenbury H. Browne is a highly successful physician and surgeon of Kansas City, Kas. , and although he has only resided here since 1883, he has already become well known. He was born in Brook- ville, Md., February 12, 1858, a son of Thomas W. H. Browne, who is a farmer and merchant by occupation. He was married to Miss Harriet \^ *> ^ ^ '^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 537 M. Johnson, and by her became the father of two children : Greenbury H , and Mary E. G. (who resides with her parents in Brookville). Dr. Greenbury H. Browne spent his boyhood in his native town, and at the age of thirteen years he entered Howard University of Washing- ton, D. C. , which he attended five years, completing the sophomore year, then returned to his home to take up the calling of a teachei-, which he continued to follow in the vicinity of Brookville for two years, after which he clerked for one year in his father's store. Meanwhile he had taken up the study of medicine, and while employed as a teacher and clerk his leisui-e time was devoted to the study of medical books. At the age of twenty-one years he entered the med- ical department of Howard University, and there remained for three years, gi-aduating March 6, 1882, with honors, making 100 per cent upon the final examination in every branch except one, and in that received 99| per cent. He was an exemplary student, and as a result stood at the head of his class and had the esteem of all the students as well as his instructors. For a few months after graduating he practiced in Freedman's Hospital at Washington, D. C, after which he returned to his old home at Brookville, where he practiced for nearly a year, coming in the fall of 1883 to Kansas City, Kas., arriv- ing on September 10. He immediately opened an office and entered actively upon the practice of his profession, and owing to his un- doubted ability, he has received calls from all parts of the county, his practice extending over a large area. Miss Alice M. Taylouer, who was born in Crestline, Ohio, December 25, 1865, became his wife De- cember 24, 1884, she being a daughter of Wilburne and Harriet A. (Williams) Taylouer, the former of whom was half French and half Cherokee Indian, and the latter seven-eighths white. Mrs. Browne is a teacher by profession, and was a graduate of the Springfield (111. ) High School. She has taught in the schools of this city, Kansas City, Kas., for five years, and for three years was the first assistant in the Lincoln School. Her marriage with Dr. Browne has resulted in the birth of one child, Howard R. M., born November 28, 1885. Dr. and Mrs. Browne are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is a Mason, and in his political views is a Republican. He served as a member of the school board of Kansas City, Kas., from August, 1887, until August, 1889, and proved a competent man for the place. He is a member of the Kansas State Medical Society, and although a young man he has built up a large practice, and his pro- fessional standing is thoroughly established. He occupies a handsome 34 ^e ^ -« eF ^^=^= — " " ^ 588 HISTORY OF KANSAS. residence at No. 1015 Freeman Avenue, which he erected in 1888, which, together with the lots on which it stands, cost him 15,000.. The building is entirely modeled by himself, and is a model of conven- ience and elegance. Charles E. Bruce, county clerk, Kansas City, Kas. Mr. Bruce, the popular county clerk of Wyandotte County, Kas., was born in this county in 1863, and the confidence which the people have in him is therefore intelligently placed, they having known him from boy- hood, and have had every opportunity to judge of his character and qualifications. His birth occurred in Wyandotte, or the old town of Kansas City, Kas., and he is the son of James H. and Harriet (Mc- Cord) Bruce. The father was born in New York, and was by occu- pation a hardware merchant. He moved to Kansas City, Kas., in 1861, organized a company in Wyandotte County, and was captain of the same in the Federal army all through the war, operating in Kan- sas, Arkansas and Mississippi. He afterward returned to Kansas City, Kas., and was quite successful as a hardware merchant at that place. In 187-1 he moved away, and is now a resident of Wisconsin. The mother of our subject died when he was but a year old. Although he attended the common schools, Charles E. Bruce was mainly self- educated, and is to-day a man well informed and familiar with all the current topics of the day. He learned telegraphy, and worked for nine consecutive years for the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, and two years for the Western Union Telegraph Company. He had charge of the Missouri Pacific oi3fices at Kansas City, Mo. , for many years, and followed this business until elected to the office of clerk of the county in the fall of 1889. He was the only Republican on the ticket who was elected, and is one of the youngest officers in the county. He owns considerable real estate in the city. Mr. Bruce' s career is a reflection on the old adage that " Where there's a will there's away." He "let no spot of idle earth be found, but cultivated the genius of the ground." He has been eminently successful in all his undertakings, and has the confidence of all the best people of Kansas City, Kas., and of Wyandotte County. He is accommodating and gentlemanly in his intercourse with the public, and is eminently suited for the position he now holds. Judge Charles F. Buchhalter, grocer, Armourdale. The grocery trade is one of the most important departments of commerce all the world over, representing as it does the staple article of consumption. In Armourdale it is somewhat extensively engaged in, the establish- r "^i :^ ^1 1 WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 539 ments being of a generally representative character. Prominent among those engaged in it is Judge Charles F. Buchhalter, who was born in Germany on January 20, 1852. His parents, Frederick and Cathrine (Shimpp) Buchhalter, were both natives of Germany, and came to the United States in 1854, locating at Reading, Penn, The mother died in that State in 1883, and the father, still living, resides near Reading, Penn. He has made farming his principal occupation, and has made his home in the Keystone State. Of the seven chil- dren born to his marriage, five of whom are living, Judge Charles F. is the eldest. The latter was but an infant when he came with his parents to America, and was principally reared in Lancaster Coun- ty, Penn., where he was educated in the common schools. He as- sisted his father on the farm until sixteen years of age and then learned the hatter's trade in Mohnsville, Penn., carrying it on for six years. He also worked at his trade in Reading. In 1876 he came west locating on a farm in Allen County, Kas., but subsequently he removed to Humboldt, Kas., where he engaged in the real estate business, remaining there until 1882. The same year he returned to Europe and traveled through the land of his birth on a real estate lookoiit. On his return to the United States he located in Wyandotte, but later removed to Armourdale, Kas., where he has been engaged in the real estate and insurance business. In the spring of 1884 he was elected police judge and resigned August 5, 1885, to accept the post-office, being postmaster under President Cleveland's administration. He resigned on November 14, 1888, and was released on May 23, the fol- lowing year. Since that time he has been engaged in the grocery business, and his trade is unquestionably one of the most successful in its line in the city, and from its very inception has enjoyed a reputa- tion consistent with its management. All that is handled is selected with the greatest care, and is sold at moderate prices. Judge Buch- halter is interested in what promises to be one of the greatest patents of the age, and which is known as the compressed air motor, it being now successfully utilized in Chesterfield, England. The Judge has some of the capitalists of Kansas City very much interested in this affair, and will soon try and have this power in that city. He was married in 1872, to Miss Sarah Weighkneoht, and they have one daughter, Ella N. , a graduate of Kansas City High School at fifteen years of age, and who was the youngest out of twenty-three, in the highest grade. The Judge is a member of the K. of P. Col. Allen Buckner is the superintendent of the institution for the ;Rr ^ 540 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. education of the blind at Kansas City, Kas., and is a man possessing much public spirit, and of unimpeachable honesty. He was one of a family of children born to William and Nancy (Evans) Buckner, and was born in Clark County, 111. , October 8, 1830, his parents having been natives of North Carolina. They were taken by their respective parents from North Carolina to Illinois at an early day, and there they were reared, educated and married. The paternal grandparents of Col. Buckner were Virginians, and his maternal ancestors can be traced back to Scotland. Col. Buckner learned the details of farm life in his youth, and after becoming sufficiently fitted he taught one term of school, and at the age of twenty-four years he left the farm and entered the min- istry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and from 185-1: until 1861 he was a member of the Illinois Conference, and his whole attention was devoted to ministerial work. July 20, 1861, he volunteered his services to the Union army, and was elected first lieutenant of Com- pany H, Twenty Fifth Illinois, and continued in this capacity with the same company and regiment until June, 1862, and was commander of his company at the battle of Pea Ridge, Ark., in the absence of the captain. In June, 1862, he returned to his home in Illinois, and helped to organize the Seventy-Ninth Illinois Regiment, of which, on July 28, 1862, he was chosen major. He continued to hold this position until after the battle of Stone River, in which the colonel of the regi- ment was killed, and Maj. Buckner was appointed to succeed him by Gov. Yates. He then took part in the battles of Liberty Gap and Chickamauga, and at the latter battle was with Gen. Thomas on the left, where some of the best fighting of the war was done. Later he took part in the engagement at Missionary Ridge, was officer of the day, and had charge of Sheridan's skirmish line until the division reached the foot of the ridge; he there took command of his regiment, and was among the first to get over the Rebel breastworks on the sum- mit. He subsequently participated in the Atlanta campaign, and on May 9, 1864, at Rocky Face Ridge he was wounded by a ball which passed through his right side. He later had charge of his regiment at the battle of Franklin. At Nashville he was on the front line of of Sheridan's old division (2 — Fourth Army Corps) with three regi- ments (Twenty- Fourth Wisconsin, Seventy-Ninth and One Hundredth Illinois), when Gen. Thomas destroyed Hood's army. In June, 1865, he was mustered out of service at Springfield, 111. , with his regiment. Mr. Buckner, soon after he returned home, took up his residence at Douglas County, 111., and there once more began his ministerial labors. ■f^ >^.- WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 541 and in September, 1865, was appoiated presidiag elder, of the Paris (111.) District, a position he held two years. For the three and one- half years followino; he labored as a minister in Sangamon County, but in 1870 he came to Kansas, and for several years was a minister at Fort Scott and Em-eka, afterward presiding elder of Wichita and Hutchinson Districts, South Kansas Conferenoe; he was a mem- ber of the general conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, which met at Baltimore May, 1870. Since then he has been chap- lain of the State Senate eight years, and for three years was agent of Baker University at Baldwin. July 1, 1889, he was appointed superintendent of the institution for the education of the blind, and is now discharging his duties in an eminently satisfactory manner. He was married on August 26, 1856, to Miss M. E. Waller, by whom he has three daughters: Olive, Nellie and Laura. Byhisiirst wife he has a, son, Norton. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., the G. A. R., and is a supporter of Republican principles. Chester Bullock, real estate dealer, Kansas City, Kas. The mag- nitude of the real estate interests in Kansas City, Kas., has enlisted the services of many of the most prominent citizens, and among the number is Mr. Chester Bullock, who is recognized authority as to present and prospective values, and counts among his customers many of the principal investors and property holders. He was born in Warren County, Penn., near the boundary line of New York in 1827, and when but six months old the family moved into Chautau- qua County, N. Y. , on a farm near Jamestown, where he grew to manhood and received his education at the common school and James- town Academy. At an early age he entered into mercantile business under the tirm name of Weld & Bullock, in Jamestown, N. Y. , the firm doing a very large business for a number of years. He sold his interest to his partner, and then removed to Meadville, Penn., where he established the Empire Store, one of the largest and most success- ful stores in the country at the time. He continued in trade about ten years, then sold out and entered into the oil business at Parker's Landing and in Butler County, Penn. He, in company with Col. J. P. Bernton, of Philadelphia, and Maj. A. C. Hawkins, of Bradford, Penn., purchased the Graham farm and laid out and started the city of Petrolia, Butler County, Penn., and continued in the management of the real estate of said city until the spring of 1879, when he left for Leadville, Colo., as correspondent and in interest of the Ameri- can Queen, a society paper of New York City. He left for the West ~5) V expecting to be absent about six weeks, but while in the mountains was caught in the whirl of mining excitement and remained in Colo- rado nearly three years. His mining venture was only fairly suc- cessful, inasmuch as one of the best locations, the title of which was in dispute and carried before the Interior Department at Wash- ington, D. C, when stronger political influence was brought to bear that decided the case against him. This mine has proved to be one of the best in the Leadville District, and now has nearly 12,000,000 worth of lead and silver ore in sight. He returned East, went to New York City, and bought an interest in the paper for which he had been corresponding, biit not liking the business, soon sold out, and taking the agency of the National Cable Company for the West came to Kan- sas City, Mo., and remained with the company two years, when the foundations of the cable system of Kansas City, Mo., was laid. He be- came interested with Eobert Gillham and others in the Eiverview Cable Line, and came to Kansas City, Kas. , for the purpose of build- ing said road and assisting in other improvements here. He formu- lated the plans, laid out said road, and secured the donations of lands that gave life and started the building of the elevated road in 1886, the starting of the system that has given life and enterprise to the city that has since become the metropolis of the State of Kansas. He secured and located Chelsea Park at the terminus of the L road sys- tem, and under his management Chelsea Park was laid out and made attractive. He organized the company, located and built the Ken- sington Railroad leading from Grandview to Chelsea Park, thus com- pleting the loop in the L road system to and from Chelsea Park. He has spent much time during the past two years, with other gentle- tlemen, in the interest of a Western university, to be established and placed on lands west and adjoining Chelsea Park. His first wife was Miss Delphina Weld, of Warren County, Penn. ; second wife. Miss Addie M. Van Evera, of Ohio. He is fiom the old English family of Bullocks, the Bullocks of New York and Massachusetts are his nearest relatives. His principal business is real estate. In politics Mr. Bullock is a Republican of the true stamp. Colin Cable is a native of the city in which he now resides, his birth having occurred here on March 10, 1869. He is a successful young druggist of Kansas City, and his thorough knowledge of the business, together with necessary and natural qualifications for its suc- cessful carrying on, insures for him a promising future. His parents, Rufus E. and Fannie L. (McCurdy) Cable, are among the old and -f r boaored citizens of tbis city, tbeir settlement being made here in the spring of 1866. Colin bas tbus spent bis entire life here, and was formerly no less known as a straigbtforward, bonest and industrious youth than be is now known as an upright and prosperous young busi- ness man. He received his early education in the public schools of Kansas City and in Wyandotte Academy and graduated from tbis in- stitution at the age of sixteen years. As early as thirteen years of age he secured a position as clerk in a drug store, and so long as he attended school he was tbus employed during bis vacations. At the age of sixteen he entered the St. Louis College of Pharmacy, which he attended one year, then returned home and resumed bis position as clerk, continuing in the capacity of a di'ug clerk until October, 1889, at which time he engaged in the drug business for himself, having purchased the store in which he had formerly clerked. This estab- lishment is on the corner of Fifth Street and Washington Avenue, and is one of the neatest and best appointed in the city. By his courteous and accommodating manner and his desire to satisfy the public, he has built up an excellent trade, and being acquainted with so many, bis place of business is a favorite resort for his many fi-iends. He pos- sesses every necessary characteristic for a successful business career, and is known to be a thoroughly competent pharmacist and prescrip- tionist. Socially his standing is of the best. Elisha J. Camp, of the Camp Real Estate & Rental Company, of Kansas City, Kas., is one of the reliable agents in tbis section and is thoroughly posted on the value of real estate in this city and locality. He was born in Will County, 111., in 1858, but grew to manhood and was educated in Washington, D. C. His parents, John J. and Eliza- beth J. (Warner) Camp, were born in Hartford, Conn., and Lima, N. Y., respectively. The father was clerk of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia for thirty years, or until his death, which oc- curred some eight months since, but is still survived by his widow, who makes her home in Washington, D. C. Elisha J. Camp graduated from St. Mary's College. Maryland, after which he entered the Colum- bia University of Washington City, and was graduated from the law department of this institution in 1878, after which he was with the firm of Edwards & Bassett for some time. He then became librarian of the Bar Association, but gave this up to become his father's deputy, in which capacity he served for one year, having previously served in that capacity some four or five years while a law student, then came west to Kansas City, Kas., which place he reached in the early part 544 HISTORY OF KANSAS. of 1880, and for a long time was in the mail service. After giving up this business he began working for the Husted Investment Company, an.! was the efficient manager of the real estate department. Upon entei- ing this office there was only one salesman, but when he left there were twenty live people employed and all were kept very busy. He opened an office of his own on May 1, 1890, and although he has only been established a short time, he has already built up a substantial business. He was married in 1884, to Miss Claude M. Nichols, a native of Ohio. He is a stanch Republican in his views, a member of the Episcopal Chiirch, and belongs to the National Union. John G. Carlson was born in Sweden on January 10, 1862, a son of Carl and Maria Johnson, being one of their four children: Anna. Sophia, John G. and Carl I, all of whom are living. The father of these children, who was a farmer by occupation, died in' Sweden in 1878. John G. Carlson spent his life on his father's farm, and be- tween the ages of seven and fourteen years he attended school, ob- taining a fair education. At the age of eighteen years, in company with his younger brother, Carl I., they bade adieu to their mother and two sisters and started for America, and in the month of May, 1880. landed at New York, and went at once to Boulder, Colo., where a rela- tive of theirs was living. John G. worked upon a farm near that place for one season, after which he spent eight years in the mountains of Western ('olorado. at a place called Central City, and another called Black Hawk, both in Gilpen County. While in those places he was employed in stamp mills, but the last two years he spent as a clerk in a grocery store. During the school years of 1886-87 and 1887-88, he was a student in Bethany College, at Lindsberg, Kas. , and during the summer of 1887. he was a student for three months in Spaulding's Commercial College, of Kansas City, Mo. In the month of October, 1889, he came to Kansas City, Kas., and in partnership with his brother, Carl I. engaged in the grocerj' business, and the firm, under the name of Carlson Brothers, has done a very prosperous business ever since. Their establishment is one of the representative ones of the kind in the city and is conducted in a good two-story brick building at No. 202 James Street, a desirable location. Their patronage is large and their store is considered an excellent place at which to do business. His brother Carl, who is in partnership with him, has been a resident of Kansas City, five years, and is a graduate of Spaulding's Commercial College. They are energetic and reliable business men, although they are young they have become well and ^rv favorably known to the public. They are young men of excellent habits, courteous and agreeable, and besides establishing a large trade they have a large circle of warm friends. Their mother and two sis- ters came to America in 1889, the former being a resident of Kansas City, Kas. , and the latter of Kansas City, Mo. , Anna, now being the wife of Andrew Rydman. The entire family are members of the Swedish Lutheran Church. James T. Cassidy. Not without justice Mr. Cassidy is conceded to hold an enviable position among the prominent and successful mer- chants of Kansas City, Kas., and as a dealer of groceries is meeting with almost unparalleled success. He was born in the province of Quebec, Canada, February 15, 1845, and is a son of Archibald and Eliza (Brown) Cassidy, both of whom were born in Ireland, removed to America while single, and were married in Canada about the year 1839. The paternal grandparents both died in Ireland, but their six children — five sons and one daughter — came to America, only one of whom is living, Charles Cassidy, who resides in Baltimore, Md. The mother of James T. Cassidy, came to America with her father and mother, William and Bessie (Taylor) Brown, when she was ten years of age. To Archibald Cassidy and his wife a family of ten children was born, their names being as follows: John A., Charles D., James T., William H., Jane, Mary A., Eliza, Eliza J., Margaret and Vic- toria. Jane and Eliza are deceased. The father of these children, in early manhood, taught a few terms of school, but later in life followed the pursuit of a farmer, and died in Canada in 1867. He was a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was a man who possessed many worthy traits of character. The subject of this sketch spent his youth on a farm in Canada, and at the age of eighteen years came to the United States, and after spending three years in a gun factory in Manchester, N. H., and some time in a turning factory, he went to Midland City, Mich., where for a few years he was engaged in the cigar and tobacco business. In 1871 he came to Kansas and spent a few months at Fort Scott, after which he went to Henry County, Mo. , where for four years he was engaged at farming. In 1875 he returned eastward as far as Monticello, 111., where, after farming one year, he engaged in the drug business in the town of Summit, which calling received his attention for two years. In 1878 he came to Kansas City, Mo., and during his three years residence there was engaged in the produce business. He was married there on May 15, 1880, to Miss Alice Muller, who is a native of Switzerland, born November 6, 185-1, a 3?; k-. 546 HISTORY OF KANSAS. daughter of Jacob and Mary (Elmiger) Miiller, who still reside in their native land. Mrs. Cassidy was the seventh of nine children — five sons and four daughters — their names being: Joseph, Xaver, Yost, Mary, Anna, Vrenu, Aloyius, Alice and Kaspar, the latter being deceased. Mrs. Cassidy was the only member of the family to come to America. She crossed the ocean with an aunt in 1873 and in 1883 removed with her husband, Mr. Cassidy, to "Wyandotte County, Kas., locating on a farm two miles west of Kansas City, Kas., where he resided two years. In 1884 he removed to the city and opened a grocery store on the corner of Centre Avenue and Fifth Street, and to this calling he has given his attention ever since with satisfactory results. In 1885 he removed his establishment to No. 700 North Sixtb Street, and here now holds forth. His marriage has resulted in the birth of five children: Francis Joseph (born February 24, 1881), Thomas Emmet (born April 15, 1883), Archibald Benedict (born December 27, 1885), Mabel A. (born October 30, 1887), and Leouetta (born February 13, 1889). Mr. Cassidy is a Republican, and socially belongs to the I. O. O. F. P. H. Cassin, one of the oldest contractors of Kansas City, Kas., came to this city in the fall of 1875, and has continued to do a flour- ishing business up to the present date, doing nearly all the culvert and bridge work in this county. His birth occurred in Ballingarry, Ireland, March 17, 1850, he being this son of James and Johanna (Powers) Cassin. The father was a contractor and builder, working principally for the royalty, being engaged by Lord Orman to build bridges on his estate. The subject of this sketch at an early age ceased to attend school, receiving in consequence only a moderate amount of education. He learned his trade in the old country, serv- ing as an apprentice for five years. Coming to the United States in 1872, he setlled in Philadelphia, Penu. , where he lived for a period of seven years, and from there went to ^Vashington, D. C, where he was engaged in the war and navy departments, and spent sixteen months in building the Georgetown College. From there he came to Kansas. He married Miss Jane Stanley, daughter of James Stanley, and who was boi'n in Ireland. This union was blessed with four childen, viz. : James, Johanna, Mary and Joseph. In politics Mr. Cassin is in sym- pathy with the Democratic party. He is a member of the J. A. O. H., of which he is marshal. Both himself and family are members of St. Mary's Catholic Church, and devote much attention to aiding religious causes. Mr. Cassin is an enterprising, jiublicspirited man, having >^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 547 contributed greatly to the advancement of the community in which he resides. Among men of every nation and class there is a feeling of respect for those who by their own exertion and by means of their natural ability have won for themselves prominent places in commer- cial circles. Allen Chadwick, postmaster, Armourdale, Kas. Mr. Chadwick, one of the esteemed and highly respected citizens of Armourdale, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio, on October 5, J 836, and is the son of Cyrus and Elizabeth (Walker) Chadwick, the father a native of Vermont and the mother of Ohio. Both families are of English descent, and the Walker family was among the first settlers of Hamilton County, Ohio. The paternal great-grandfather was a captain in the Revolutionary War, and the grandfather, Bartholomew Chadwick, was born in Massachusetts and was a member of the Ver- mont Legislature. The latter emigrated to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1820, was a farmer by vocation, and died in Hamilton County, Ohio. The father of our subject was also a farmer and also passed his last days in Ohio as did the mother. Their family consisted of six children — three sons and three daughters: W . W. (resides in Leavenworth County), Cynthia (deceased), Rebecca (wife of J. T. Williamson), Mary J. (de- ceased), and D. J. Allen Chadwick, the second in order of birth of the above-mentioned children, received his education in the common schools, and assisted his father in cultivating the soil. In August, L86'2, he was filled with a patriotic desire to aid his country, and was shipped as a seaman or a navy member, serving on the gunboat, the United States steamer " Cincinnati." He was on this boat when she sank at Vicks- burg, having thirteen shots through her hull. He was then trans- ferred to the '• Mortor " boat at the siege of Vicksburg, and the con- cussion of the same caused a deafness in his right ear, the effects of his firing the gun. He was also on the gunboat, " Lexington " in the service. He was discharged from the hospital Pinkney at Memphis, Tenn., in 1863, and after returning heme resumed his farming. Sub- sequently he was appointed clerk in the post office at Cincinnati, Ohio, and held the position for eight years and fifteen days. In 1886 he came to Kansas City, Kas., engaged in the real estate business, and this carried on iintil appointed to his present office in May, 1889. Mr. Chadwick was the first jDostmaster appointed in Kansas after Harri- son's election. He was married in 1857 to Miss Emma Compton, a native of Ohio, by whom he has two children: Alice (wife of Hon. G. L. Coates), and Clara (wife of Ira D. Washburn, of Cincinnati, Ohio). s ^ ■^ ^^^ r±=A±^ 548 HISTORY OF KANSAS. He is a Thirty-second Degree Mason or a Scottish Kite, and a charter member of Israel Ludlow Post, of Cincinnati, Ohio. Edwin H. Chandler is a member of the firm of Teufel & Chandler, proprietors of a planing-mill at the northeast corner of Fourth Street and Oakland Avenue, Kansas City, Kas. , and was born in St. Lawrence County, N. Y., February 18, 1856, being a son of Nelson M. and Harriet E. (Wilkinson) Chandler, the former of whom was born in St. Lawrence County, N. Y., and the latter in England. She came to America with her mother when a very small child, her father having come a few months before, and here she was reared to womanhood. Her marriage with Mr Chandler took place in 1852, and to them a family of live children was born — four sons and one daughter: Charles W., Edwin H., John L., William W. and Harriet E., of whom the eldest and the youngest are deceased, three sons being now alive. The parents are still living; their home being in Ottawa, Kas., where they settled on May 12, 1869. Edwin H. Chandler resided in his native county until he was thirteen years of age, at which time he accompanied his parents to Kansas, and until twenty-two years of age he assisted his father on the farm and attended school alternately. He thus ac- quired an excellent education and at the above-mentioned age began teaching school, a calling he continued to follow for two years, a por- tion of his vacations being spent in attending normal school. Besides a thorou^gh knowledge of the common branches, he acquired an excellent insight into algebra, physical geography, botany, drawing and book- keeping. When examined for a certificate to teach he received a first- class certificate. In the spring of 1880 he went to Chicago, where, from April 17, 1880, until August 1, 1880, he was employed in a hard- wood lumber-yard for P. G. Dodge & Co., and from that time until April 16, 1888, was an employe of O. D. Wetherell, a lumber dealer and the proprietor of a planing-mill. In the spring of the last-named year Mr. Chandler went to Clear Water, Mo., where he bought a one- third interest in the Wayne Lumber Company, of which he was treas- urer one year, at the end of which time he disposed of his stock, taking as part pay, a stock of general merchandise at Clear Water, which he owned and conducted seven months and a half. In August, 1889, he disposed of his stock and returned to Ottawa, Kas., and after a visit of one month with his parents he came to Kansas City, Kas., and on October 1, 1889, purchased a half interest in his present establishment which is now netting himself and partner a good annual income. He is a pushing, enterprising and intelligent gentleman, and is doing ex- T J^l WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 549 ceptionally well, financially. He was married on June 2, 1890, to Miss Emma Lynch, of Chicago, and although he and his wife have only re- sided in Kansas City for a short time, they have made many warm friends. Eli H. Chandler is the American manager of the English and American Mortgage Company (limited), and has been such since 1886. He was born, reared and educated in Delaware, receiving the advan- tages of a high-school training, afterward graduating in law, and was admitted to the bar in December, 1877. He came almost immediately to Kansas and first took up his abode in Topeka and for a number of years was engaged in practicing law there, after which he went to Lon- don, England, and organized the present company of which he has since been the efficient manager. He is one of the stockholders and directors of the same, and the business of the company could be in no more efficient hands than his. He is wide-awake, enterprising and thoroughly honorable in all his dealings and has built up a reputation that goes far toward making him successfiil. He has always supported the men and measures of the llepublican party, and has always been interested in local politics in the different communities in which he has resided. His ancestors came from England about 1688, and are of old Quaker stock. The most of the male members of the family have been worthy tillers of the soil, but some have become eminent profes- sional men. Mr. Chandler has recently received the appointment of vice consul for Great Britain at Kansas City, an honor that is rarely accorded to other than English subjects. Dr. J. W. Charles, physician and surgeon, Armoiudale, Kas. Dr. J. W. Charles is one of the most talented physicians in Kansas, and especially in the branch of surgery, has he obtained a reputation placing him in the front rank of the medical fraternity. He is a native of Illinois, born in Randolph County, on December 10, 1844, and is the son of William B. and Elvira (Cruther) Charles, natives of Virginia and Kentucky, respectively. In 1837 the parents emigrated to Illinois, coming by water, and located on the Mississippi River in what was known then as Liberty, but is now called Rockwood. The father was a captain on a steamboat the greater part of his life, but his last days were spent in retirement. He died at Litchfield, 111., in December, 1864. The mother died in 1844. They had thirteen children, eight now living, of whom Dr. Charles is the youngest. He was principally reared in Montgomery County, 111., where he received a common- school education, and at an early age began the study of medicine. -H' Ij^ ^J® 550 HISTORY OF KANSAS. graduating at the St. Louis Medical University in 1865. He was a hospital steward during the war. After graduating in medicine he went to Mason County, 111., and after practicing here one year re- turned to St. Louis, where he remained live years. From there he went to Sedalia, Mo., back to Centralia, 111. and purchased a drug store which he conducted for about one year. He then went to Mary- ville, Mo., thence to Brookfield, Mo., where he remained four years, from there to McPhersou City, Kas., where he tarried until 1S83, and then traveled south for some time. In 1884 he came to Armourdale, Kas., where he has since been in active practice. He is classed among the best physicians of the city and has an extensive practice. He was married in 1873, to Miss Mary H. DeWitt, a native of Wisconsin, and to them have been born three children: Elvira M., William W. and Mary H. The Doctor is a member of the Masonic fraternity, being a K. T. , is an Odd Fellow and also a member of the encampment of Odd Fellows. He is medical examiner of the A. O. U. W., and was a mem- ber of the Missouri State Medical Society and also District Society of Southwest Kansas. He is a member of the Armourdale Medical So- ciety, and has held nearly all the offices in his secret societies. He is progressive in his views, and is always ready to advance the interest of his city. W'illiam B. Cleveland. The history of a country. State or county must depend in a great measure upon the lives of ''great men" for the interest with which it inspires the general reader. Because of this fact, a history of Wyandotte County, Kas., would be in no measure complete without a sketch of the life of he whose name appears above. Mr. Cleveland is a native of Indiana, his birth occurring April 1, 1829. He was the seventh of a family of eleven children born to his parents, and even in early childhood evinced unusual ability and judgment. The father of the subject of this sketch was a native of the Blue-Grass State, and through life was a cooper and farmer. The mother was born in the State of West Virginia, and at all times manifested a great interest in the future welfare of her children. Both parents are now dead. Mr. Cleveland received his education in the common schools, but like many bright boys managed to acquire quite an amount of knowledge there. At the early age of eighteen the subject of this sketch ventured out to face the world alone, turning his attention to farming, and also to coopering, though he loved the business of farm- ing more than any other. He commenced his business career with out a dollar in his pocket, having only a pair of willing hands and an x WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 551 intkistrious nature to assist in the struggle for fortune and fame. Mr. Cleveland married Miss Sarah Glass Cook, of Tennessee, a lady of excellent talent, and highly educated. Their marriage took place in Missouri in the year 1856, and to them have been born nine children, but of these only one is living at the present writing, viz., Noah, who resides in Missouri, and who married Miss Mary Dudley. His voca- tion is farming. During the war Mr. Cleveland enlisted in Company A, Second Missouri Cavalry, under Col. A. J. Nugent. This was in 1862, and he figured in the following battles: Harrisonville, which was a very hard battle; Lone Jack, where his regiment lost fifty-eight by death and had 250 wounded. Besides these Mr. Cleveland took part in many desperate skirmishes, and he experienced all the hardships and deprivations incident to a soldier's life. In his faithful service to "Uncle Sam" the subject of this sketch lost his right forefinger. In fact, to sum up the matter briefly, Mr. Cleveland was one of the brave boys who wore the blue blouse, and really deserves a pension, having been honorably discharged by special order No. 70, after which he re- turned home. He has at all times and under all circimistances sup- ported the Republican party, having east his first vote for James K. Polk, of Tennessee, and besides, he has always voted for men of honor and high principles. Mr. Cleveland is a firm believer in the Farmers' Alliance, and thinks that if they work together much good may be accomplished for the farmers generally. He and Mrs. Cleveland are members of the Christian Church, and both delight to assist in worthy causes and promote the strength of religious matters. The subject of this sketch has traveled quite extensively. He moved from Indiana to Independence, Mo., in the year 1849, and from that point to Harri- sonville, Mo., where as a carpenter he met with great success in com- pany with his partner, Sanford Morris. In the spring of 1850 he journeyed over the Pacific slope to California, where he sought to amass a fortune in gold digging. This journey lasted three months, and caused them many hardships. After remaining in California one year and meeting with marked success, Mr. Cleveland sailed from San Francisco on August 1, 1857, for San Juan, Central America, which point he reached after a period of forty-eight days. He remained in Central America about two years, and while there engaged in numer- ous occupations, among which numbered those of waiter, salesman, and finally worked on the Vanderbilt line of steamers. At a later date he lived in New Orleans, then in Harrisonville, Mo., in 1855 he went to Salt Lake City, and in 1869 landed in Wyandotte County, Kas., fv 4^ 552 HISTORY OF KANSAS. while the country was still a wilderness and the "red man" roamed at will. Land then was worth only $2. 50 per acre, and at the present writing the same land sells for from $125 to $300 per acre, figures which give an idea of the immense growth of this place and the won- derful development of the soil. Since settling here Mr. Cleveland has constantly devoted his attention to farming, and so pleased is he with the success that crowned all his efforts that he fully intends to remain here for the rest of his life. Both Mr. and Mrs. Cleveland are popular in this county, and live happily, surrounded by a host of dear friends and admiring neighbors, who esteem them for their ster- ling worth and strict integrity of ptirpose and deed. Hon. G. L. Coates, real estate and insurance agent, Armourdale, Xas. In all business communities the matter of insurance holds a prominent place. It is a means of stability to all commercial trans- actions, and a mainstay against disaster, should devastation by fire sweep property or merchandise away. Among those engaged in the insurance and real estate business in Armourdale is Hon. G. L. Coates, a man universally esteemed and respected. He was born in Mount Airy, Ohio, Hamilton County, April 22, 1857, and is a son of James P. and Eliza (Williams) Coates, both natives of the Buckeye State. The father has followed agricultural pursuits all his life, and now re- rides in Cincinnati, Ohio. The paternal grandfather, Thomas Coates, was a native of England, and died in Ohio. Hon. G. L. Coates was one of nine children, eight of whom are living, born to his parents. They are named as follows: Sherwood, Edna R., Laura, Wilbur (who is president of the Board of Equalization of Cincinnati, Ohio), Clifford (deceased, was in the mail service at the time of his death), Stanley (a railroad man), Stella and Orrel. G. L. Coates attained his growth in Hamilton County, Ohio, and there remained until sixteen years of age, receiving his education principally in that county. He was taught the duties of the farm when young, and followed agricultural pursuits until twenty-one years of age. In 1873 he came to Dickinson County, Kas., and ran the largest wheat ranch in Kansas until 1879, having as much as 7,000 acres of wheat in at one time. In the latter j)art of 1879 he went to Louisiana, and ran a large cotton plantation for one year. From there he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, embarked in the prod- uce and provision business for a little over a year, and was then in the United States mail service until 1886, a period of nearly four years, after which he engaged in the wholesale oil business, at 99 Court Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. At the same time he was execution deputy ^- WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 553 in the sheriff's office, court-house, of that city, until September, 1888, when he resigned both positions, to come to Kansas City, Kas. On arriving here he immediately embarked in the real estate and broker- age business, and has been unusually successful in his business career, controlling considerable town property. Since a boy he has always taken a decided interest in politics, and has attended all the conven- tions. He has ever been a stanch Republican in his political views, but is liberal in local politics. He was elected to the House of Repre- sentatives in ISS'J, and his term expires in January, 1891. Mr. Coates has taken special interest in the building up of the city so far as his means would allow him, and was about the tirst man to get the streets improved in Armourdale, besides being foremost in many other public enterprises. He was married in May, 1884, to Miss Alice Chadwick, daughter of Allen Chadwick, the present postmaster of Armourdale. Alfred H. Cobb, city attorney of Kansas City, Kas., was born in Beloit, Wis., August 8, 1859, being a son of ex- Congressman, Stephen A. Cobb. He accompanied his parents to Wyandotte County, Kas., being two months old at the time, and has ever since been a resident of that city, and since attaining mature years has been one of the public-spirited men of this section, ever ready to support worthy en- terprises. He completed the high school course in Kansas City, after which he spent four years in the Kansas State University, his career there being marked by close application to his books, and by excellent deportment. After reading law for two years in the office of Alden & McGrew, he entered the law department of the University of Michi- gan, at Ann Arbor, graduating with the class of 1883. He at once began practicing his profession in Kansas City, and is now one of its most successful and talented young attorneys. His career as a legal practioner has been one of flattering success, and as his practice is steadily and substantially increasing, his outlook for the future is bright and promising. He was appointed to the position of city attorney in the spring of 1889, and is jaroving a competent official. He has always taken an active part in local polities, is a stanch Republican, and is one of the rising young politicians of the city. Socially he is a mem- ber of the I. O. O. F., the K. of P. and the R. A. On September 9, 1880, his marriage with Miss Carrie L. Place of Westport, Mo., was celebrated. She is a daughter of Prof. C. W. Place, who was formerly superintendent of schools of that town. Mr. Cobb and his wife have three children: Mary W., Franc and Alfred H. Horace E. Colvin is a fair representative of that class of American ^1 554 HISTORY OF KANSAS. business men who win for themselves prominent positions and honor- able reputations. He was born in Detroit, Mich., April 27, 1845, be- ing H son of MatthewBon T. and Olive M. (McPherson) Colvin, the former of whom was born in Rutland, Vt. , February 6, 1814, and the latter in Syracuse, N. Y., March 23, 1821. The father was a son of Heman and Mary Colvin, who were also natives of Vermont. Mat- thewson T. Colvin, was married in 1842, and he and his wife became the parents of five children: Alice, Horace E., Ellen, Malinda and Linda; Malinda being now deceased, her death occurring at the age of nine months. The mother of these children passed from life Novem- ber 20, 1877. Their father learned the butcher' s trade in early life, and for a period of five years, or from 1845 to 1850, he conducted a meat- market in Chicago, beginning business there in a stall in the old State Street Market House, his being the first business of the kind on that street. He subsequently conducted a market for several years on the southeast corner of Randolph and Clark Streets, but in 1850, he re- moved to La Salle, La Salle County, 111. , where he opened a livery stable. Five years later he returned to Chicago, and in 1880 removed to St. Louis, finally locating in Harlem, Mo., where he now lives. Through- out his entire life he has dealt more or less in fast horses, and this still receives much of his attention. He is now past seventy-six years of age, and is the oldest man on the American turf. He is yet hale and hearty, and would readilj' pass for a man of fifty years of age. This fact is doubtless due to his regular habits, having taken the best of care of himself, and abstained from the use of liquors in all its forms. In his earlier manhood his love for sport induced him to frequently compete with his companions at foot racing and wrestling, and in the numerous contests in which he took part he was never outrun or thrown upon his back. While a resident of La Salle County, 111., he held the office of sheriff for two years and made an excellent offi- cial. Horace E. Colvin, his son, was reared to manhood in the city of Chicago, and at the age of seventeen years he entered a commer- cial college of that city, which he attended for about seven months. In July, 1861, he left this institution to take up arms in defense of his country, and became a private in company D, Sixty-seventh Uli- nois Volunteer Infantry, with which he served for four months and seven days. In August, 1863, he became a member of the Chicago Mercantile Battery, serving with it until the close of the war, and participating in the following engagements: Vicksburg, Black River Bridge, Sabine Cross Roads and Pleasant Hill, in all of which he dis- >rv charged bis duties in a manner becoming a loyal soldier. He was mustered out of service at Chicago, July 10, 1865, after which he took up the printer's trade, but after a few months, finding that it was detrimental to his health, he abandoned it and resumed the butcher' s trade, which he had learned in his youth. He subsequently engaged in the meat business in Chicago, and for several years conducted a market in that city. In August, 1S81, he came to Kansas City, Kas., and during the first few years of his residence here was in the employ of the Armour Packing Company, being foreman for a year and a half of the supply room. At a later period he clerked in the grocery store of W. T. Brown, remaining with him eighteen months, and September, 1889, opened a similar establishment of his own in part- nership with William T>. Bougher, on Stewart Avenue, and has also dealt in meat, both salt and fresh. In January, 1890, they removed to the large and handsome business building at No. 701 Quindaro Boulevard, and there are now engaged in conducting one of the lead- ing groceries in the city. Both gentlemen are anxious to please their customers, and from the large patronage which they command, the inference drawn is that they have undoubtly done so. Mr. Colvin's marriage to Miss Nellie M. Langley, of Chicago, took place on March 22, 1868, her birth occurring on February 14, 1846, and to their union the following children have been born: Ollie Mabel (born December 31, 1869), Emma Blanche (born January 3, 1871), and Eva Gertrude (born January 3, 1876). The two eldest daughters are graduates of the Kansas City High School, and are teachers by profession, both having been employed in the schools of this city for the past three years. The younger, Emma Blanche, when she began, was the youngest teacher that ever taught in the city, being then but sixteen years of age. Both are exceptionally intelligent and accomplished young ladies and make very successful teachers. Mr. Colvin is a member of the R. A. the G. A. R., and commands the respect and esteem of all who know him. Horace E. Colvin has been engaged in the drug business in Kan- sas City, Kas., since January 1, 1887, at that time becoming the suc- cessor of A. H. Stevens, who had established a new store at No. 451 Minnesota Avenue, only one month before. He remained in business there until the following October, when he removed to No. 436 Min- nesota Avenue, where he has since been successfully engaged in busi- ness. He was born in Zanesville, Ohio, April 1, 1858, and was a son of William D. and Eliza J. (Smith) Colvin, both of whom were also '-^ born in the Buckeye State, the latter' s birth occurring in Zanesville in 1819, and the former's near that town in 1818. Mr. Colvin was a teacher by profession, and died in Kansas City, Mo., in 1882, being still survived by his widow, who is now making her home in Kansas City, Kas. Horace E. Colvin was the ninth of ten children, three sons and three daughters now living, and until five years of age was a resident of his native State, at that time moving with his par- ents to the State of Missouri, and locating on a farm near Carthage. There the family resided for five years; then, in February, 1870, re- moved to Wyandotte, Kas., and a few months later located on a farm just west of that place, which farm is now within the corporate limits of Kansas City, and a portion of which is occupied by Chelsea Park. During the eight years the family resided here, Horace E. labored upon the farm, but in 1878, as his parents moved to Kansas City, Kas., and two years later to Kansas City, Mo., he went with them. In February, 1878, while his people still resided on the farm, he seciu-ed a position as clerk in a drug store in Kansas City, Mo. , and has been identified with that calling ever since, although in difPerent towns. He was em- ployed as a clerk in different stores in the above-mentioned city until 1882, but at this date again took up his residence in Kansas City, Kas., and here has remained up to the present time. After remaining here in a clerical capacity for about live years he purchased his present store, under the above-mentioned conditions, and now has one of the finest establishments of the kind in the county. He is a thorough master of this business, and is recognized as such throughout this sec- tion. On November 1, 1888, he became associated in business with Ja- cob W. Giesburg, and the firm has since been known as Colvin & Gies- burg. He is one of the popular young business men of this section, and as his reputation for honesty and integrity has been tried and not found wanting, he deserves this popularity. He was married January 10, 1888, to Miss Cora M. Barker, of Wyandotte County. William F. Combs, dairyman, Kansas City, Kas. If industry, and perseverance can accomplish anything, Mr. Combs is bound to succeed, for although starting in his present business four years ago with seven cows, he is now the owner of fifty-seven good cows that supply him with 300 gallons of milk per day, and is doing a rushing business. He was originally from Ohio, his birth occurring in Clermont County, and is the son of T. V. and Maria Combs, natives also of the Buckeye State. The mother died in 1870, but the father is still living and has been a resident of this county since 1883. He is a farmer by oecuja- tion and carries on this occupation in this State at the present time. Equipped with a common-school education, William F. came West with his father, and has been with him, and connected with him in business until recently. On April 28, 1887, our subject married Miss Ida McMullen, daughter of Henry McMullen, of Ohio, and they have one child, Maudie. Mr. Combs was first in the retail business, but he commenced the wholesale business in 1888, and is meeting with the great success. He has a pasture near the city limits. He has always supported the Republican party, and tolerates its views as sound and well suited to any man. John W. Condon is foreman of the killing department of Swift & Co.'s Packing House at Kansas City, Kas., and has been in their employ off and on since about 1882. He was born in Boston, Mass., January 12, 1803, his parents, David and Ellen (Hackett) Condon, being born in Ireland, but were married in the United States. His boyhood was spent in his native city, and there his advantages for acquiring an education were very good, and for a number of years he was a regular attendant of the public schools. In his early youth be was employed as a lighter of street lamjas, three years being spent at this occupation, and later spent a year and a half learning the butcher's trade. When he had attained his eighteenth year he came west to Hammond, Ind. , where, for twenty months he was employed in the packing house of George H. Hammond & Co. At the end of this time he went to Chicago, and after a short time spent in the pack- ing house of P. D. Armour & Co., he became an employe of Swift & Co. , of that city, and remained with them for about one year and a half. He then went to Northern Dakota, and for six months worked for the Western Dressed Beef Company, at the end of which time he re- turned to Chicago. After working for eight months in a packing house, owned by Leopold Pfealtzer he, in 1886, re-entered the em- ploy of Swift & Co. , and has been with this company ever since. In the fall of 1887, he was sent to Kansas City, Kas., and has since been foreman of the killing department, a responsible and trustworthy position. He is a sober, industrious and upright young man, and his prospects for a successful future are bright. Miss Frances B. Grady, of Chicago, became his wife on August 28, 1889, and both are earnest members of the Catholic Church, the former being a member of the I. O. F. John E. Conley, druggist, Armourdale Kas. Among the repre- sentative drug stores of Armourdale is that conducted bv Mr. John R. •i^ a ^ ■* «>fV ilii Conley, whose efiSciency in his profession is the result of long experience and practice. His parents, Robert and Susan (Dillon) Conley, were natives of Ireland and France, respectively. They were married in Canada and emigrated to Michigan at an early day, where the father followed contracting. He lived in lona City for a number of years and constructed some of the finest buildings in the city. He is now residing in Whitehall, Mich., where he still carries on his trade in contracting and building. They had six children, live of whom are now living: William, George, Nettie and Abbie. John R. Conley was born in lona City, Mich., on June 17, 1859, and there passed his boy- hood and youth, receiving his education at Grand Rapids, grad- uating at Swineburn's Commercial College in 1879. After this he was employed in various enterprises, and in the meantime studied the drug business, serving an apprenticeship at Montague, Mich., where he embarked in the driig business for himself for some time. In 1884 he emigrated to Kansas City, Kas., opened a drug store, which was the second in the city of Armourdale, and here he has continued the busi- ness ever since. He has a line stock of drugs, jewelry, etc. , and is prosperous and happy. By his marriage, which occurred in 1881, to Miss Mary E. Baker, of Montague, Mich., he became the father of one son, Robert C. Mr. Conley is a member of the K. of P., R. A. and K. of H. He has been captain of Division No. 33 for over three years, and is one of the representative men of Armourdale, ever ready to assist in all laudable enterprises. Henry S. Cook has been a resident of Armourdale, Kas., since 1884, and since that time has had the management of the drug store belong- ing to J. R. Conley, and by his courteous manners, and desire to please and accommodate his patrons, he has built an extensive and lucrative trade. He was born in Baltimore, Md., September 16, 1854, and is the only child of Charles and Mary E. (Canby) Cook, the former beipg a native of Virginia, where he was reared to manhood, and followed the calling of a pork-packer. From this State he went to Baltimore, Md. , where he followed his calling until ISOO, at which time he assumed charge of the Washington Division of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, closing out the different interests in railroad stocks and real estate, and after a time purchased a plantation in St. Landry Parish, La., on which he resided for a year. He then sold out, and spent some time in visiting different cities in the East, but finally, in 1879, settled in Kansas City, Mo. Henry S. Cook obtained the principal part of his knowledge of pharmacy in Washington, D. C, with Adams & Dick- •^ -^ fe^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 559 son, but after remaining with them a short time, he left them to take a position with W. H. Douglas, in New York City. After graduating from an institution of that place, he went to Xew Orleans, but returned to Baltimore, Md., and in 1S75 opened a drug store at that place, and in time bililt up a fine trade, but was forced to abandon this work on account of ill health. He then emigrated to the West, and for some time resided in Northwestern Iowa, his time being devoted to the re- covery of his health, and while there lived in a comfortable and com- modious residence which he had purchased, and which he still owns. He was married in Le Mars, Iowa, in 1875, to Miss Helena E. Scribner, a daughter of J. S. and M. S. (Sheldon) Scribner, natives of New York. Mrs. Cook was born in Elmira. N. Y., in 1860, and her union with Ml'. Cook has resulted in the birth of four children: Mary, Helena and Charles; Harry is deceased. Mr. Cook is a Democrat, and socially belongs to Fearless Lodge No. 97 of the K. of F. He is always found ready to assist any enterprise that will benefit and ad- ■ vance the interests of the community in which he resides, and is always ready and willing to stretch out the right hand of fellowship to the needy and distressed. Gen. Dudley E. Cornell, a worthy and respected citizen residing in Kansas City, Kas. , was born in Saratoga County, N. Y., January 15. 1837, being a son of Merritt I. and Mercy W. (Howard) Cornell, who were born in Washington County, N. Y.,and Bennington County, Vt. , respectively. One of the early ancestors of Dudley E. was Thomas Cornell, who emigrated from England, and first located in Boston, Mass., moving from there in 1(340 to Ehode Island, settling at Portsmouth. He had a son, Thomas, who also had a son of that name. The latter had a son George, who was born October 11. 1707, and he had a son by the name of Matthew, who first saw the light of day in Rhode Island on October 30, 1743. The latter' s son, Matthew, was born in "Washington County, N. Y. , March 22, 1787, and was the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. He was educated for a civil engineer at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute at Troy, N. Y. , and (luring the years of 1856-57 he followed civil engineering in the State of Wisconsin. From that time until 1860 he followed the same occupation in connection with mining in California, but in the last named year he returned to New York, and in October, 1861, entered the service of the Union army, and served until the close of the war. In 1866 he came to Kansas and located in Wyandotte County, where he has chiefly resided ever since. He entered the employ of the old -^. TV 5G0 HISTOllY OF KANSAS. Kansas Pacific Railroad, as clerk in the general passenger and ticket office, was subsequently made chief clerk, and in 1876 was made general passenger and ticket agent of the road, a position he held until the consolidation of that road with the Union Pacific Railroad, when he became general agent of the passenger and ticket departments of the consolidated lines at Kansas City, and filled this position with the best success until the fall of 1887. He has served one term as mayor of Kansas City, Kas., and two terms as a member of the city council. His marriage, which took place on October, 13, 1868, was to Miss Annie M., the daughter of Dr. Frederick Speck, and by her has had a family of six children — four sons and two daughters: Fred D., Howard M., Adelaide M., Dudley E., Grace A. and George S. Mr. Cornell is a member of the A. F. & A. M. , the K. of P. and the A. O. U. W., and in his political views has always been a Republican. Thomas Cowie, foreman of the foundry of the Keystone Iron "Works, which institution is among the most important of its kind in the Southwest, is one of the skilled mechanics of Kansas City, where he is well known and thoroughly respected. Mr. Cowie was bora in Scotland, in the village of Glenn Davis, near Ardrie, April 15, 1835, and is the eldest of nine children — six sons aad three daughters. The father was a Scotchman, and was a mill- stone builder by trade. He died at the age of forty-eight years. The mother is also of Scotch origin and resides at the present time in Canada. Thomas Cowie re- ceived his early education in his native country and started out for himself at the age of fourteen as a molder, serving four years as an apprentice in Dundas, Canada, as a molder in his uncle's plant, one of the most important in Canada, established in 1833, and conducted under the name of John Gartshare. He then went to West Point, learned the profession or trade under instruction for one year, and be- came thoroughly familiar with all the different branches as a molder. His superintendent was Rumph, and his foreman, John Carmichael, who was a noted man among mechanics and molders. Mr. Cowie re- mained there six years, and then returned to Dundas, Canada, to take charge of his uncle's large foundry, remaining there from 1858 to 1870, which shows that he is a thorough and experienced workman in detail. Next he and his cousin commenced work on their own respon- sibility and located in Hamilton, Ontario, but business being dull he removed to Kansas City, Mo., where Mr. Cowie located with A. J. Kelley, and remained there two years. He then united with the Key- stone Iron Works, and now holds the important position of foreman of "^s "fV* the foundry. Mr. Cowie's apprentices, who have learned the trade un- der him, are now holding important positions throughout the country. He took charge of foundry work, when twenty-three years of age, and has quite a historical record. He, with two other molders, cast several parts of the engine for the famous frigate "Merrimac," viz. : Cylinder head, piston head and condenser and bed plate, the weight being seven- teen tons, and those they cast themselves. Mr. Cowie has seventy-six men under him in this large plant, and is one of the trusted men of this establishment. He was married to Miss Lucinda McDonnell, a native of Ireland, on December 16, 1858, and to them have been born eight children. Mr. Cowie has ever been a Democrat in his political views, and casts his vote for men of honor and principle. He and wife are ardent supporters of the educational system, which is the bulwark of the nation. Mr. Cowie is a member of the Scottish Clan, a flourishing organization, and is a Koyal Arch Mason. He and Mrs. Cowie are members of the Presbyterian Church in Kansas City, Mo. They are comfortably located in Kansas City, Mo. , where they have a line and valuable property, and where they will make their home. There his talent and skill are in constant demand. During President Bu- chanan's administration Mr. Cowie was the factor in manufacturing shells, and for four years worked four months each year in making these missiles of death. He helped manufacture many thousands, and was in the ranks at West Point Foundry when the famous ' ' Parrott gun was made, the same being well known by all war veterans as the death-dealing messenger. Mr. Cowie's career as a molder has been one of the most unique of any completed by the historian as yet. John S. Cox. It will be seen by a perusal of this sketch of the life of one of the most respected citizens of Wyandotte County, Kas., that his early educational advantages were good, and that since his contact with the world his vigorous mind has so grasped and embraced the opportunities which have presented themselves that he is accounted among the most intelligent and learned men of this sec- tion of the country. He was born in Lewis County, W. Va., in 18'25, and was from the very first taught everything connected with farming, but much of his time was also devoted to school work, he being for some time an attendant of the Northwest Virginia Acaderny, where, besides acquiring a literary ediication, he also read law. In 1852 he determined to seek a fresh field for his labors, and accordingly first settled in Adams County, 111., and afler a period of two years spent in farming, he turned his attention to mercantile pursuits, teaching school _9 i> 562 HISTOHY OF KANSAS. also, a calling he had followed in the State of Virginia. In 1862, with the knowledge of the fact that his country needed his services, he en- listed in Company B, One Hundred and Nineteenth Illinois Infantry, and after doing gallant service, he was discharged in July, ISfio. Im- mediately on entering the army he was placed in the hospital service, having prior to the war acquired some knowledge of the drug business, and until 1864 was in the Regimental Hospital, being at that time capt- ured. He was taken to Camp Ford, Tex. , but while there managed to make his escape, August 18, 1864, but was shortly after captured by bloodhounds, seven of which had hold of him when he surrendered. He remained in captivity until February 6, 1865; then made his way to the gunboat '' La Fayette, ' ' at the mouth of Ked River, and there se- cured a furlough home for thirty days, after which he returned to his regiment at Montgomery, Ala. On May 22, 1865, he was again placed in the division hospital service, and there continued until it was disbanded, being shortly afterward taken sick with rheumatism, and went to Marine Hosp)ital, at Mobile, Ala. After being in the Marine Hospital until July 28, 1865, he was discharged, and went to Zanes- ville, Ohio, where he found his family at the same place he had left them on entering the service. He was only in one battle, but the doc- tors would not permit him to again take the field, as he was a skillful nurse, and his services were needed among the wounded. After the war he became a clerk for the Ohio Iron Company for two years, after which he sold goods two years; then came to Kansas City, Kas., and engaged in the real estate and the insurance business, and has given special attention to Government claims. He once tilled the position of justice of the peace, a position to which he was elected without his knowledge, and in political matters is distinctly liberal, being equally so in church matters. He was married in Clarksburg, Harrison County, Va., by the Rev. J. W. Snodgrass, to Miss Mary A. Hamrick, a native of Rappahannock County, "Va. The children (living) born to them are as follows: William W. (who was born in Virginia December 4, 1849, is proprietor of a job-printing house in this city), and Ella L. (who is the wife of J. P. Connelly, of Denver, Colo). Mr. Cox is a son of Phillippi, and Susannah (Kinsley) Cox, both native Virginians, the former of whom died in 1876. This family is descended from Dr. Daniel Cox, of London, England. The grandfather was born in New Jersey, and died in Ritchie County, Va. , at the age of ninety-nine years. The great-grandfather lived to be one hundred and ten years of age, and died in Harrison County, Va. >^ s r- l\±^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 563 Hon. William A. Coy, mayor of Kansas City, Kas., is a popular official of the city. He was born in Portage County, Ohio, Novem- ber 30, 1835, and has resided in Kansas City, Wyandotte County, since 1887, and has become well and very favorably known. He is a son of Allen M. and Sarah (Bush) Coy, both of whom were born in Chenango County, N. Y. , the former having been born in 1804 and the latter in 1809. Their marriage took place in 1826, and to them three sons and three daughters were born, all of whom are living, the youngest two, who were twins, being now in their forty-fourth year. The names of this family are as follows: Polly M., William A., Henry A., Emma S., Jerome and Josephine, all of whom were born in Portage County. The father, who was a farmer and live-stock dealer, died in 1861, his widow passing to her long home ten years later. The subject of this sketch remained in his native county until he attained his eighteenth year, when on January 3, 1853, started from home for the West, and he, accompanied by his father, settled in Buchanan County, Iowa, the latter purchasing a stock ranch in the county on which he laid out the town of Coyville. In that place William A. started a general store, having been provided with the necessary means by his father. This establishment he continued to conduct un- til 1856, at which time he came to Kansas and located on a claim which he had purchased in Jefferson County, when two years later he returned to Iowa, where he spent a few months with his parents, who had removed there in the fall of 1853. In June, 1858, he secured a position as traveling salesman for the firm of David Kansom & Co., of New York City, and continued in the employ of that firm until Janu- ary, 1861. Meanwhile, on November 17, 1861, he was married to Miss Julia Cole, a daughter of S. S. Cole, of Chillicothe, 111., who is now with his wife and family residing in Kansas City, Kas. Mr. Coy began housekeeping on his claim in Jefferson County, Kas., in January, 1861, and in the fall of 1862 was elected register of deeds, serving one term of two years. In the fall of 1864 he was elected to the office of county treasurer, and served one full term and part of another by appointment. During all this time he resided in Oskaloosa, the county seat, and while there he was a partner in a gen- eral store at that place. In March, 1867, he removed to Leavenworth, Kas., where, for two and one-half years, he was a salesman in a whole- sale dry goods establishment. Upon his return to Oskaloosa in 1870 he resumed mercantile pursuits, and to this and the live stock busi- ness his attention was given until 1879. In that year he removed to ^l "» "V 564 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Lawrence, Kas., and in 1881 settled in Kansas City, Mo., where he became associated with the wholesale clothing firm of Hannah, Chit- tenden & Co. He continued in that capacity for five years, the firm name in the meantime being changed to Tootle, Hannah & Co. Early in 1886 he formed a partnership with James Kingston and William Peake, under the firm name of Hingston, Coy & Peake, and they were in the wholesale clothing and furnishing business at Nos. 533 and 535 Delaware Street. In 1888 Mr. Coy sold his interest in this establish- ment, and the same year, in connection with his sonin-law, Charles H. Simms, he built the biisiness block known as the Department House in Kansas City, Kas., and in this building they have conducted a large general store ever since. Mr. Coy is also associated with other firms, and is a member of the clothing firm of Coy, Simms & Johnson, and the clothing firm of Coy, Simms & Co., of Kansas City, Kas., the clothing firm of Coy, Hutchins & Co., at Valley Falls, Kas., and the clothing firm of Hutchins, Coy & Co., of Holton, Kas. Besides the enterprises mentioned above, Mr. Coy has been identified with several others of more or less importance, and in 1882 started a store at Clay Centre, Kas. A year later he established a store at Butler, Mo. , and in the same year one at Pleasant Hill, the same State. In 1889 he was elected mayor of Kansas City, Kas., and is now tilling this posi- tion in a most acceptable manner. He was one of the incorjjorators of the Kansas City Clothing Manufacturing Company, and is now pres- ident of the same. Socially he is a member of the A. F. & A. M., and in his political views is strictly Republican. He and his wife worship in the First Presbyterian Church. Their children are Delia (who is now the wife of Charles H. Simms) and William Edward (who died at the age of sixteen years). M. L. Critchfield, of the firm of Critchfield & Daily, merchants of Armourdale, Kas., is a gentleman who enjoys an enviable reputation for integrity and high business ability, while he is esteemed and re- spected by all. He was born in Jefferson County, Kas., in November, 1859, and is the son of Terry Critchfield, who came to Kansas in 1855. The elder Critchfield located at Leavenworth and there han- dled claims for some time. He subsequently engaged in the real es- tate business, was county clerk of Jefferson County for several years, and was Representative for three terms. He is now engaged in the banking business at Oskaloosa, Kas. He is, and has been, a very prominent man. M. L. Critchfield passed his youthful days in Jef- ferson County, and received his education at the State University, at rf- ^ ^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 565 Lawrence, Kas. He was reared to mercantile pursuits and was in bus- iness at Oskaloosa, Kas. , for a number of years, carrying an immense stock. He was postmaster at Oskaloosa under President Cleveland's administration, and put in a line Yale lock oflfice while filling that po- sition. In March, 1890, he came to Armourdale and established an immense store, which receives an extensive patronage. Mr. Critch- field was married in 1885 to Miss Mollie Johnson, a graduate of Beth- any College, and whose father is a banker in Oskaloosa. Mr. Critch- field is a Eoyal Arch Mason, K. of P. and A. O. U. W. He is at present assistant cashier of Jefferson County, Kas., Bank. Capt. Thomas Crooks, farmer and horticulturist, Quindaro, Kas. Mr. Crooks was born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, on September 8, 1831, and is the son of Henry and Catherine (Donally) Crooks. The father followed farming all his life, and was an industrious, enterpris- ing citizen. His family consisted of seven children — three sons and four daughters — three of whom are now living, and the Captain, the only one in Kansas. The latter passed his boyhood days in assisting his father on the farm, and in addition to a common-school education, attended the academy at New Hagarstown two terms. After this taught school in winter and attended school in summer, thus receiving an un- usually good education. During the winter of 1856-57, induced by the favorable reports from Kansas, he determined to emigrate, and as a result reached Wyandotte County in the last-named year, settling within halt a mile of where he now resides, three miles northwest of Kansas City, Kas. Having been reared to agricultural pursriits, it was but natural that he should at last make that his chosen calling, and he first hired out as a farm hand. Later he rented land, but the follow- ing spring went to Colorado, where he prospected some for gold, and was engaged in other enterprises until September. He then returned with a sick companion to his home in Kansas, and there taught school for two terms. Upon the breaking out of the war he was filled with a f)atriotic desire to assist his country, and on July 21, 1861, he en- listed in Company E, Fourth Regiment Kansas Volunteers, his com- pany being the first cavalry company raised in the State. G. W. Veal, of Quindaro, was cajstain, William Wier was colonel, and Mr. Crooks was first orderly sergeant, filling that position until January 2, 1863. He was then made second lieittenant of the company, and on July 9, 1863, he was commi.-sioned captain of the company by the governor at the request of the company. He was mustered out on May 8, 1865, but was in the service until July 14, 1865. He served "C ^ Is ^* as captain until bis company was mustered out. He was first under Gen. Jim Lane, and then under Col. Freemont in Missouri, then under Gen. Steele in Arkansas. His first introduction to the Southern army was at Fort Scott on September 1, 1861, and the next day another engagement took place on Drywood Creek,, whore the first one in the command was killed and several wounded. This company be- ing mounted was used as scouts, and Mr. Crooks was in many sharp skirmishes and dangerous positions. In November, 1864, while on the way to Fort Leavenworth to be mustered out, the command was attacked about forty miles below Fort Scott and routed, most of the train being captured. This was his last war experience. Coming home, he remained but a short time, and then rejiorted for duty at Du Vall's Bluff, and was discharged finally in July. He began work- ing on his farm of thirty-one acres, which he had purchased in 1862, and in 1866 he added fifteen acres, and then in 1882 he added twenty acres more. He has been living here and improving his place ever since, and has been fairly successful in his operations. He has about twenty acres in fruit, and has a good house and outbuildings. The Captain has held several township offices, and his name has been promi- nently mentioned for the position of sheriflF. He is a member of the Congregational Church. In 1867 he was married to Miss Julia A. Farnsworth, of Clay County, Mo. , and daughter of Isaac and Louisa Farnsworth. They are the parents of two living children, Lily May and Adaline Inza. The Captain has been a Republican, but is op- posed to high tarifp. Timothy Crowley is foreman of the hog-killing and cutting depart- ment of the Kansas City Packing & Refrigerating Company, and although he has resided here since 1885, he was born, and his youth and manhood up to that time were spent in Johnson County, Iowa. His birth occurred on August 25, 1862, to Edward and Hannah (Bradley) Crowley, the former of whom was a native of Maine, and is now resid- ing in Iowa City, at the age of fift3'-fonr years. He is one of the early pio- neers of Johnson County, and was a true and trusty soldier during the Rebellion. His wife was born in the "Emerald Isle" and died in May, 1 890, at the age of fifty- two years. Timothy Crowley is the second of five children, and his knowledge of books was acquired in the schools at Iowa City, he being an attendant for some time at the Williams Com- mercial College of that place. He was connected with his father in the stone contracting business, but gave this up in April, 1885, to come to Kansas City, Kas. , where he soon secured employment with MoiTis, ^- WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 567 Butt & Co. , now the Kansas City Packing & Refrigerating Company, and for the past three years has acted in the capacity of foreman. He is an excellent man for the place and his duties are always promptly attended to, every detail being carefully looked after. He has always been a warm Republican, and his first presidential vote was cast for James G. Blaine, in 1884. James H. Cummings, foreman of the hide and wool department of the Armour Packing Company, Kansas City, Kas. To an active, wide- awake young man, who is the happy possessor of energy and ambi- tion, there is always a broad field for labor, and a chance to "hew" out a promising career in the mercantile world. Everywhere and among every class of men, there is a feeling of sincere respect for the man who takes up the scattered ' ' threads of his destiny ' ' and weaves them into a beautiful whole. And prominent among this class ranks James H. Cummings, the subject of the present sketch. With- out any assistance but his own willing hands and indomitable energy, he has raised himself from obscurity to his present lucrative position. He began with his present employers in 1884, as a common laborer, and by means of close application and competency was promoted, in two years, to fill a position where he has thirty men under his imme- diate control, and the entire responsibility of his department. Mr. Cummings is a native of County Down, Ireland, his birth occurring in that country in the month of December, 1863. His parents, John and Mary Cummings, are also natives of County Down, Ireland. After attaining the age of sixteen, and receiving a good common-school education there, Mr. Cummings started for America to make for him- self a position in business circles, and such has been his success in this undertaking that to-day he is held in the highest esteem in this community, and is rapidly accumulating a fortune. While not an ac- tive politician, by any means, he votes the Republican ticket at elections. In 1883 Mr. Cummings married Miss Martha Rebecca Tippett, of Menard County, 111., and to this union has been borne one child — Bud. Like most good business men, the subject of this sketch is largely interested in advancing in every possible way the religious and educational interests of the city. Lyman Miles Culver, dealer in stocks, bonds, commercial paper, also county, city and school district warrants, at 333 Minnesota Avenue, Kansas City, Kas., is a native of Pennsylvania, his ancestors having settled in Luzerne County, that State, in 1790 from New Jersey. Some of the Culver family are still living on lands acquired at that early ^1 568 . HISTORY OF KANSAS. date. In 1846 David O. and Clarissa (Simons) Culver, the parents of L. M. jCame west, settling near Chicago, 111., where the subject of this sketch was principally raised. In 1860 he married Miss Margaret McArdle, of Watertown, Wis., and soon after came to Kansas, where during the war, he was principally engaged in freighting for the Govern- ment. At the close of thQ war and for many years after he was in the hide, tallow, fur, pelts and wool trade, also for some years running a soap factory, at Atchison. Selling out there in 1870, after traveling extensively, he became strongly convinced that the great city of the central Southwest was to be at the mouth of the Kaw Eiver in Kan- sas, and stretching across the State line iu Missouri. He settled on the Kansas side, and has lived to see his predictions come true, and to realize a snug fortune from the rise of real estate, in which he invested quite extensively, engaging first in the grocery and real estate trade. His business is now in stocks, bonds, commercial paper, county, city and school district warrants, and is large, extending as far west as Colorado and Utah. His son, Abram Lyman Culver, a young man of sound business habits, is still in the grocery trade at his father's old stand. H. Clay Cundiff. As the contest for wealth and position grows more and more pronounced, a man must possess both natural ability and great energy to gain for himself a position in the commercial w^rld, and one of the men who, realizing that " life is real," has en- deavored always to advance the interests of the community in which he resided, and win for himself money and friends, is the subject of this sketch. His birth took place in Davis County, Ky. , on Novem- ber 14, 1800, being the son of Bryant Y. and Fannie P. (McCormick) CnndifF. The parents were also natives of the Blue-Grass State, the father being born January 9, 1822, and following the occupation of a farmer and school teacher after his marriage, until late years, when he devoted his time and attention to preaching in the Baptist Church. Mr. Cundiff grew to manhood's estate in Kentucky, receiving there a first-class common-school education, and learning the carpenter' s trade. In 1882, growing weary of the monotony of his home life, he jour- neyed forth to seek a new place of residence, and coming to Kansas City, entered the employ of the Armour Packing House in this city, taking a position in the lamp-supply department. At the present writing he is foreman of this department, having about 20,000 lights to look after. He has been with the same firm for a period of eight years, during which time he has won the esteem and good will of \^ € r- -^ S> \ ' his fellow-workers, and made many warm personal friends in the eity. Mr. Cundiff married Miss Emma B. Trunnell, daughter of Josiah Trunnell, in 1886. Her birth occurred in Kentucky, as did her parents'. This union has been blessed with two children, named re- spectively, Ouida and Zola Lee. Mr. Cundiff is in sympathy with the Democratic party. He belongs to the Wide-Awake Lodge No. 153, K. of P., and National Union No. 382. Capt. A. W. Cunningham, grocer, Armourdale, Kas. Among the most important industries of any community are those which deal in the necessaries of life, and next to bread and meat nothing is more necessary than groceries. Armourdale has many first-class establish- ments doing business in this line, prominent among the number being that conducted by Capt. A. M. Cunningham. This gentleman is a na- tive of Washington County, Md., born August 1, 1842, and is the son of John D. H. and Margaret (Holbert) Cunningham, natives of Mary- land, and of English-Scotch descent. The ancestors on both sides were early emigrants to the United States and located in Maryland. The maternal grandfather was a soldier in the War of 1812, and died in Knoxville, Tenn. John D. H. Cunningham, father of our subject, was a tailor by trade, and spent his entire life in Hancock, Md. The mother is still living on the homestead. They were the parents of nine children, three now living: Laura C, and Charles A. H. (who is a resident of Massachusetts). Capt. Cunningham received a fair educa- tion in his native county, in Maryland, and when but a mere boy was steerman on a canal boat for seven years. In 1861 he was employed on the Burlington & Quincy Railroad, and was in the militia for some time. In 186-1: he enlisted in the regular service, and was in active duty until £he close of the war. After the war he returned to the em- ploy of the Burlington & Quincy Railroad, and remained with the same until 1867, when he went on the Pennsylvania Central Railroad, in whose employ he remained for nine years. After this he went to Oil City, worked there for some time, and in 1879 came to Kansas City, where he was employed on the Chicago & Alton, and afterward on the Union Pacific Railroad, most of his railroad life being spent as a conductor. He was a city salesman for William C. Glass' wholesale liquor house for some time, and since then he has been in the grocery business, being quite successful in this venture. In the last election he ran for Representative, but was beaten by seventeen votes. He was married, first in 1867, to Miss Anna Crull, who died in 1877, leav- ing five children: William R., Maggie, Anna, Grace and Blanche. His 36 570 HISTORY OF KANSAS. second marriage was ia 1878, to Miss Lanra Duncan. He was for some time deputy United States mai'sbal. Socially he is a member of the K. of P. George W. Cunningham is the chief engineer of the Metropolitan Street Railway Company in Kansas City, and has held his present posi- tion since the month of November, 1888. His birth occurred in Madison County, Ind. , July 28, 1859, and in 1862 was taken to Indianpolis by his parents, and in 1863 to Olney, 111., where he grew to mature years, and received common school advantages. At the age of thirteen years he began woi'king in an engine-room, and at the age of fourteen be- came a regular engineer for the La Fayette Iron Company, at Ben- wood, Ind., and afterward became accountant for the Vandalia Rail- road Company, at Brazil, Ind., but only remained with them a short time, when he entered school at Claremont, 111., and graduated from the public schools. He next began working for a milling com- pany in Olney, as second engineer, and also acted as solicitor for the same for some time. He afterward took charge of a Government snag- boat on White River, being there from July till October, then went to Vincennes, Ind., and was chief engineer for Riverside Lumber Com- pany for twelve months, after which he took a like position in the Broadway Milling Company, remaining in this capacity for live years. The following three months he was in the employ of M. L. Watson & Co. , of Terre Haute, then became connected as erecting engineer with the Deane Steam Pump Company, of Holyoke, Mass., with which he remained for fourteen weeks, then became engineer for Bienville Water Supply Company, of Mobile, Ala., continuing eight weeks, after which he worked from May until October for the Hamilton Corliss Engine Com- pany. He was nest connected with the Queen City Light Company, at Dallas, Tex., but resigned at the end of thirty-two days to accept his present position. He was married in Olaey, 111., to Miss Hannah E. Shepherd, who was born in Richland County, 111., in 18G1, and the children born to them are Walter and Henry. Mr. Cunningham learned his trade of his father, William Cunningham, who is now a machinist for the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad Company, at AVash- ington, Ind. He was born in Baltimore, Md. His father was a wheelwright and millwright, and was born and spent his life in Mary- land. His wife's mother was a Miss St. Clair, of French nativity, and her father was a Scottish lord, and a very wealthy man. He came to America with Lord Baltimore, and became a very extensive land owner. The mother's people came from the south of England, and the great- ^ V — i^ « r~ —% »|>y ' WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 571 grandfather was a soldier under Gen. Washington, in the Eevolu- tionarj' War. Some of Mr. Cunningham's ancestors have participated in every war in which the United States has been engaged, and Will- iam Cunningham was a soldier under Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War. Mrs. Cunningham's maternal grandfather was a Perry, a de- scendant of Commodore Perry. John A. Dahlgren, a short sketch of whose life now claims atten- tion, was born in Sweden in the month of January, 1844, being the son of John and Johana Dahlgren, natives of Sweden. In his native country Mr. Dahlgren learned the mason's trade, and there received a liberal education. In 1870 he came to the United States, landing in New York City, and going from that point to New Jersey, where for a period of seven years, he continued to work at his chosen trade. At the expiration of that time he moved to Kansas City, Kas. He was united in matrimonial bonds with Miss Louise Ledman, a native of Sweden, and their marriage was consummated in the year 1874. They have been blessed with five children, of whom John is dead, and Ida, Oscar, Edna and Jennie are living at the present writing. Mr. Dahlgren has met with great and almost unbroken success since com- mencing his business career, and has, by means of his energy, undis- putable talent, and promptness, built up a very large trade in this city, having contracted for and built many of the handsomest buildings that are found within the limits of this prosperous place, such as the county jail, the sheriff's residence. First National Bank Building, Moss Block, Simpson Block, Exchange Bank, and numerous buildings of equal size and expense. While he is an expert in all the different branches of his trade, he makes a specialty of brick and stone work, and is numbered among the prominent business men of Kansas City. Mr. Dahlgren is a member of the Republican party. He belongs to Tauromee Lodge No. 30, A. O. U. W^, also a Swedish order. Both Mr. and Mrs. Dahlgren are faithful members of the Swedish Lutheran Church, and interested in religious, and educational matters. This is only one of the numerous instances that daily come before the public where men make for themselves good reputations and comfort- able foi'tunes. Charles Dauzenroth, dealer in dry goods, boots and shoes, Argen- tine, Kas. The establishment of which Mr. Dauzenroth is the es- teemed proprietor is in this line a thoroughly representative one, for he was the first merchant and resident of Ai-gentine. He was born in Germany on April 8, 1842, and is the second of four children -^^ ^^ ^- A 572 HISTORY OF KANSAS. born to the marriage of John and Mary Catherine Dauzenroth, natives also of Germany. The parents both died in the old country, the mother in 1S52 and the father in 1875. In the year 1855 Charles Dauzenroth emigrated to the United States, in company with his un- cle and guardian, Antoine Nahrgang, and located in New York City. Later they moved to Detroit, Mich., thence to Chicago and finally to Davenport, Iowa, where our subject was reared to manhood. He assisted his relatives on the farm until 1857, when he left them and started out to fight life's battles for himself when but fifteen years of age. He began first by working in a brick-yard, where he remained until 1859, and then went to Mulligan's Bend, where he chopped wood one winter. He then made a visit to his relatives, and in 1864 went to St. Louis, where he assisted in the care of calvary horses. He worked at brick-making and other jobs until 1869, when he came to Kansas City, and went into the country to chop railroad ties. In 1870 he returned to Kansas City and went to work at the cooperage busi- ness in a building now known as Perfection Mills. Here he soon began to make barrels on his own accord, selling to the trade, and was very suc- cessful until 1873, when the panic struck Kansas City, he lost his start, and selling out the balance of his stock he went to St. Louis. There he worked alternately at brick-making and coopering until 1875, when he went to work at the smelter and there remained for six years. He then made a contract as foreman of the Argentine Smelter, which he worked for one year, after which (in 1882), he opened his store, which he still continues. When the town was incorporated in August, 1882, he was elected treasurer, which office he held one year. After this he was made city clerk and retained this position until 1889. In 1866 he was married to Miss Kate Brake, a native of Germany, who died a year after her marriage, and in 1876 he chose for his second wife Miss Mary Mullen, a native of Canada, born July 7, 1839, and the daughter of James Mullen, who was born in Ireland. To the first union one child was born, a daughter named Mary, who is the wife of Frank Cigrand, a blacksmith in Argentine. Mr. and Mrs. Cigrand are the parents of one child, Carl. Mr. Dauzenroth is a Democrat in poli- tics, and held the office of treasurer and city clerk for five years. He is a member of the K. of L., of which he was treasurer and recording secretary. He is charitable as a supporter of all enter- prises for the public good, and is an enterprising, progressive, and capable business man, who thoroughly understands the wants of the public. *^; 5 fy Edward J. Davis, foreman of the machine shop of the Keystone Iron Works of Kansas City, Kas., is a skilled machinist and a gentle- man, who has the full confidence of his superiors as well as the gen- eral and united good will of his men. He first saw the light of day in the Empire State, his birth occurring in Fulton, on July 15, and he was third in a family of six children —four daughters and two sons. The father is a native of the Emerald Isle, is a machinist, and is now engaged in that capacity in the Keystone Iron Works. The mother died on June 15, 1885. Edward J. Davis secured his primary educa- tion in the common public schools, and finished at Cooper Institute, New York City, mostly in the mathematical department and in chem- istry. At the age of nineteen years he started out for himself, with nothing to assist him in making his way in life, except his practical education and his trade as a machinist. He first located in Chicago, with Frazer, Chalmers & Co., but from there went to Peoria, 111., and was in fhe employment of Nichol, Burns & Co., in the machine shops for ten months. Later he went to Kansas City, Mo., engaged with the State Line Machine Works at that place, as a machinist (1868), and in 1873 he was promoted to the position of foreman, in which capacity he remained for three years. After this he was with W. A. M. Vaughn & Co. , for about six years, and then entered the Keystone Iron Works, as foreman of the machine shops, where he has remained since. He has a force of about forty experienced machinists, who are able assist- ants of the foreman. Mr. Davis was married to Miss Helen Shrews- bury, a native of Missouri, born at St. Joe, on November 20, 1860, and who received her education in Santa Fe, N. M., at the convent- Unto this union one child has been born, who is now deceased. In his political views Mr. Davis is a Democrat, and his first presidential vote was for Gen. U. S. Grant, during his second administration. Mr. Davis is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He was chairman of the board of engineers in Kansas City, Mo., filling this important position for six years, and is a man who has the unbounded respect of all with whom he comes in contact. He and wife expect to make Kansas City, Mo., their future residing place. They also own prop- erty in Wyandotte, Kas. Samuel W. Day, president Central Bank of Kansas, and manufact- urer of barrels, wooden tanks, tubs, etc., owes his nativity to Ohio, his birth occurring in Athens County on March 11, 1841. He was reared in Iowa, received a limited education in that State, in fact not attending scliool over six months altogether, and is a self-made man. r fc^ 57-t HISTOBY OF KANSAS. He learned the cooper's trade of his father, and followed it until the spring of 1860, when he left and took a trip overland to Colorado, when but nineteen years of age. He crossed the plains with a party of five, and was about thirty days in making the trip, having some very excit- ing and interesting experiences during that time. Their team was stampeded one night, and they were left in a bad predicament, but were fortunate in finding them the next morning about five miles from their camp. Mr. Day was with Kit Carson at Fort Craig in Mexico, and he was wounded at Val Verdo, Mex. , by a gun-shot through the left thigh in February, 1862. He enlisted at Fairplay, Rocky Mountains, and was mustered in at Fort Garland, Mex., serving three years and two months in the war. When he was wounded he fell in the hands of rebels but was carried off under a flag of truce after lying on the battle- field for some time. He had charge of a ward at a hospital in Mexico, and was sent with an ambulance from Fort Craig to Santa Fe. He went to Fort Union, where he assisted in building the new fort, and this was all done on foot, having no horses. From there he went to Fort Earned, thence to Fort Riley, Fort Scott, and Fort Gibson, where he had charge of the prisoners and was stationed as guard. From there they went to Fort Smith, Springfield, (Mo.), thence to Fort Rolla, beiog all this time on foot, and here they took the train to St. Louis where they were mounted. They then started to Kansas City and he was on provost duty for about one year. He was there during Gen. Price's last raid and followed him as far as Fort Scott. After being discharged Mr. Day worked at his trade for a short time and then went to Rulo, Neb. , where he took contract for getting out hay hoops. From there he went to Corning, Iowa, thence to Western, Mo., from there to Kansas City and then to Arkansas. Later he returned to Kansas City, which place has been his permanent home since 1867, He is one of the early settlers of that ciiy, is a prominent and success- ful business man, and is manufacturing about 125 barrels per day. He was married in 1866 to Miss Anna H. Hate, and to them were born three children, one now living — Nora. His second marriage occurred in September, 1873, to Miss Clarissa D. Copfield, by whom he has six children: Myrtle, Samuel, Lena, James, Caddie and Thomas. Mr. Day's first wife died in May, 1872. He was one of twelve children born to Samuel and Sophiah J. (Ketchum) Day, natives of Pennsyl- vania. The parents emigrated to Ohio at an early day, and in 1844 moved to Van Buren County, Iowa. In 1851 they moved to Burling- ton of that State, and there the mother died in 1854. The father died r ^ WYANDOTTE CODNTY. 575 in Adams County, Iowa, in 1872. He was a cooper by trade and car- ried it on the principal part of his life. In this connection it is but proper to state that Mr. Day thinks Kit Carson was one of the best men that ever lived. He tells of one incident, showing the noble traits of his character. Mr. Carson was a daily visitor to the hospital, and on a certain occasion while making his usual calls and inquiring after the wants of the sick and wounded, he was told by one of the wounded ones that he thought he would be all right if he had some tobacco. Mr. Carson inquired if there was none in the sutler's store, when answered in the negative, he said there shoiild be some, and promised to see about it. Upon investigation he found that the officers of his regiment had purchased the entire supply. He at once called them together and gave them a good lecturing, and made them get it all, and bring to him. He then took it and put it in the dispensary, and instructed the hospital stewart to issue so much every day to each man who used tobacco. Such unimportant deeds as this made Kit Car- son a great favorite with all who knew him, especially the pioneers of the West. W. C. DeardorfF, foreman of the galvanized iron department of Ar- mour's Packing House, and a man eminently qualified for this posi- tion, has been in the employment of this company for eight years, which in itself speaks well as to his ability. Mr. DeardorfF was born in Ohio, Tuscarawas County, in 1856, and is the son of George and Elizabeth (Banock) DeardorfF, the father a native of the Keystone Slate, and the mother of Baltimore. Md. The parents moved to Ohio at an early date, and there the father carried on merchandising in connec- tion with farming. They reside at Canal Dover, Ohio, at the present time. Both are of German descent. Their family consisted of six chil- dren, and our subject is second in order of birth. The paternal grand- father was born in Pennsylvania, and was one of the pioneer settlers of Canal Dover, Ohio, where he spent the principal part of his life. He WHS a merchant by occupation. W. C. DeardorfF remained and as- sisted his father on the farm until fifteen years of age, when he learned the tinner's trade in his father's store. He worked there all but two years before he came here, and those two years he was engaged in the stock business at Abilene, Kas. He then engaged in his trade for about the same length of time, and then in 18S1 came to Kansas City Kas. He entered the employ of Armour as a tinner workman, and six months afterward was promoted to his present position, which he has held continuously ever since. He was married in St. Louis, Mo., in v" 576 HISTORY OF KANSAS. 1883, to Miss Celia Donzlott, a native of St. Louis, Mo., born in 1862, and this union has been blessed by the birth of two children — Ella and Harrison. Mr. Ueardorff resides at 1212 North Third Street, where he owns a snug property. Charles E. De Graw, foreman of the paint department in the Ar- mour Packing Company, whose sketch now invites the attention of the reader, is a "self-made" man in the most comprehensive meaning of that term, one who by dint of natural ability and perseverance has raised himself to a high round on the "ladder" of success. His early opportunities were not very good, liut it is daily proven that everything is possible to him who possesses strength of character and "push," and these characteristics certainly belong to Mr. De Graw. His birth occurred in Louisville, Ky. , in 1857, but his family moved to Arkansas, where they remained three years, moving from there to Kansas, and finally settling in Kansas City, in 1867. Here the sub- ject of the sketch attained manhood's estate, learning the trade of house painting, and so diligently has he worked and given such per- fect satisfaction, that at the present writing he holds a position of trust with one of the largest and best-known houses in the West. He has charge of the wagon and buggy work, refrigerator cars and house work, controlling fifteen men, and accumulating a comfortable fortune as the years pass by. Mr. De Graw was married, in the year 1876, to Miss Annie Peterson, native of Sweden, but who came to the United States at the early date of 1870. This union has been blessed with five children, viz. : Ella, Edward, Henry, May and Irene E. In politics Mr. De Graw is a member of the Republican party, and he is also a member of Summunduwott Lodge No. 3, I. O. O. F. , and Wide Awake Lodge No. 153, K. of P. He is a thoroughly enter- prising and public-spirited man, and is held in the highest esteem by the citizens of this community. He has been in the employ of Armour since 1875, and this fact alone is proof of his ability to successfully fill responsible positions. George Whitefield Dement is one of the leading horticulturists of Wyandotte Township, and by his birth is a Southern gentleman, for he was born in Maysville, Ky. , October 8, 1825, being the second of seven children, their names being as follows: Margaret (wife of George Wormald, who is a contractor and builder by trade in Covington, Ky.), George W. (the subject of this sketch), Isaac (who has been a planter of Mississippi since 1849), Mary (wife of Davied Worstell, of Iriugton, Ohio), Julia (wife of E. Rickets, of Bloomington, 111.), Sarah (wife of ^ ;f^ 4. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 577 David Rickets, a plasterer, of Omaha, Neb. ), and Thomas Clinton (who died in infancy). Mr. Dement' s father was born and reared in the city of Alexandria, Va., and was a potter by trade. He died at the age of thirty-five years, and his widow, who was a native of Accomack County, Va., afterward married a Mr. Eackles, by whom she became the mother of one child, Amanda S. , who is a resident of Kentucky. She was first married to a Mr. Lee, but after his death became the wife of a Mr. Bright. Mr. and Mrs. Dement were married at the dedication of the first Methodist Church of Maysville, Ky., and in that town spent most of their married life. The early education of the subject was obtained in the early subscription schools of Kentucky, and since he reached manhood, Mr. Dement has been a stanch supporter and warm advocate of free schools. He commenced life for himself as an ai^prentice to the trade of a plasterer, when not quite sixteen years of age, and after finishing his apprenticeship, pursued his avo- cation for about a quarter of a century. Upon starting out in life for himself he had not a dollar in his pocket, but he possessed much pluck and energy, and has made a success of his life, for he not only has many warm friends but commands the respect of all, and is now a well-to-do citizen. In the winter of 1866 he moved to Kansas City, Mo., the place at that time consisting of about 3,000 souls. He be- came one of the largest contractors of the city, and in 1881 located in his present beautiful, commodious and comfortable home, for which he paid the sum of .$5,000. His residence is situated on one of the finest pieces of land in the vicinity of Kansas City, Kas., and com- mands a magnificent and very extended view. He has been offered at different times $20,000 for the property, but refuses to sell. His acre age comprises ten, and is within one mile of the city limits, and three blocks from the Kensington Elevated Eailroad. He is pronounced to be the most successful horticulturist in the township, and is an exten- sive grower of the following varieties of fruits: Apples, peaches, cher- ries, grapes and strawberries, of the following-named kinds: Crescent Seedling, Charles Downing, the Boghboro and the Grand Prize. Black- berries and raspberries are also raised in abundance, also asparagus and all kinds of vegetables. Mr. Dement is a well-posted gentleman, and, in fact, is what is called a level-headed man in business circles, and is recognized as such. Mr. Dement was married to Miss Eliza- beth Martin, who was born in Germany, in 1827, but was reared in Pennsylvania and Kentucky. She was educated in the latter State, and their marriage took place July 2, 1846, in Aberdeen, Ohio, and 578 HISTORY OF KANSAS. has resulted in the birth of five children: Thomas Richard (who was an exceptionally bright little boy, died at the age of four years), George Whitefield (died at the age of five, and was also very promis- ing), Julia Ann (who was born February 29, 1852, was first educated in the common schools, but afterward graduated from the Sister's Seminary, in Kansas City, Mo. ; she is a finely educated lady, and is re- siding in Fleming County, Ky. , where her husband has a valuable plan- tation of 000 acres), and Elizabeth (who resides with her husband on a farm in Ohio; she received a fine education, and graduated from the high school of Kansas City, Mo.) Mr. Dement was formerly an ''Old Line Whig" in politics, but ever since the founding of the Republican party he has given it his support, and his first presidential vote was cast for Gen. Scott. He has been a member of the boards of di- rectors and education for some eighteen years, and this stamps him as a man in whom the public have reposed much confidence. For about twelve years he was a member of the Board of Education in Eastern Bolton city schools, of Kansas City, Mo., and he and his wife have long been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Kan- sas City, Kas. They expect to make their present home their future abiding place, where they are surrounded by everything to make life happy, their friends being very numerous. This brief sketch of a worthy man is an admirable example to all young men who begin to stem the current in life with no stock in trade except a pair of willing hands, for persistent, honest and consistent endeavor, will, in time, conquer all things. John Devlin is foreman for the loading gang of the Kansas City Packing Company, and was born in Belfast, Ireland, November 9, 1837, his parents being James and Mary Ann (Brown) Devlin, also natives of the Emerald Isle. He came with his parents to America in 1848, and with them settled at St. Louis, Mo., in which city both parents died, the former passing from life in 1865 and the latter in 1857. To them seven children were born, of whom the subject of this sketch was the second, two sons and one daughter only being now alive. After the death of his first wife the father married Miss Alice McGrath, who bore him three sons, only one now living. During the greater part of his life he was employed in packing-houses, and for about two years was a member of Company D, First Missouri Artillery. John Devlin received his early education in Ireland, and in St. Louis, Mo., and when only a small lad he became employed in a packing-house in St. Louis, and has been connected with like establishments up to the ^^ riv J, >>. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 579 present time. After working for ten years for Charles Peper, of St. Louis, and two winters for the Boonville Packing Company, of Boonville, Mo., one winter for Hawke & Maxon, of East Nebraska, Iowa, he, in 1878, became an employe of the Urm of Morris, Butt & Co., then at St. Louis, and has been in their employ ever since, the firm name having been changed to the Kansas City Packing Company. He came to Kansas City in 1886, and has since been foreman of the loading and packing gang, a position he is filling very creditably. At the age of twenty years he was married in St. Louis, Mo., to Miss Mary Ann McGarry, a native of Ireland, who came to America in 1855. Mr. Devlin and his wife are the parents of the following children: William John, Francis, Alexander John, James, George, Theresa Catherine and Isa- belle, only the two latter being alive. Mrs. Devlin is a member of the Episcopal Church, a true Christian and an intelligent woman, and Mr. Devlin is a member of the Catholic Church, and in his political views a Democrat. William H. Dickard, the subject of the present sketch, requires no special introduction to the inhabitants of Wyandotte County, Kas. , being both well known and liked by all in his vicinity. He is a native of Indiana, his birth occurring in that State, October 13, 1853, he being the only child born to his father's first marriage. The father was a soldier and sacrificed his life upon the battle- field at Resaca, Ga. He enlisted in the Twenty-seventh Indiana Infantry, was as- signed to the Army of the Potomac, so far as the information pos- sessed by his son goes, and returned home no more. Both of Mr. Dickard' s parents were natives of the State of Indiana, the father being a blacksmith by trade. Though Mr. Dickard received only a common-school education, he embraced every possible opportunity to gain knowledge and fit himself for a successful business career. De- prived of his father's protection, he commenced life for himself at the very early age of ten years, learning the trade of -carriage painting in Washington, Davis County, Ind. Thus the money that he has ac- cumulated is due entirely to his own industry and perseverance, and his life forms a good model for young people commencing life without any other assistance than their own ability. Mr. Dickard married Miss Lola Ann Watkins, of Tennessee, who was born there in 1860, and educated in Wyandotte County. They were united in marriage on December 25, 1878, and unto them have been born four children — two sons and two daughters — viz. : Earl, George Etta (a bright little girl of ten years), William Thomas (aged seven years), Claude (who is five Ip* 580 HISTORY OF KANSAS. years old), and Alice (the baby of three years). Mr. Dickard is a man of firm principles and strict integrity, and one who weighs matters carefully before deciding upon public issues. His interest in public schools has been great, and he has devoted much time to their ad- vancement and improvement. He came to Kansas upon a tour of in- spection in 1865, but did not locate here until the year 1869. When he first settled in Wyoming County it was far from attractive as a lo- cation, there having been no real improvements made at that time. Land sold for from $10 to $50 per acre that now brings $300 per acre. Mr. Dickard' s estate is especially vahiable from the fact that it lies within the manufacturing part of the county, and on the banks of a river. When he first saw Kansas City, Kas., it comprised only about 500 inhabitants, while at the present date it is a thriving city of 43,000 population, and growing all the time with wonderful rapidity. Joseph Doleshal, of Kansas City, Kas., is an Austrian by birth, being born in that country on June 9, 1861, to Vinzens and Anna (Habranek) Doleshal, with whom he came to America, at the age of fifteen years, leaving Hamburg on October 8, 1875, on the steamer '■ Willand," and reaching New York City after a voyage of fifteen days. They proceeded immediately to Columbus, Ohio, and two months later the father, mother and their children, with the excep- tion of the subject of this sketch, came to Kansas and located near Wyandotte, and for two years farmed a portion of the land now oc- ciipied by Kansas City, Kas. In February, 1878, they moved near Hays City, Kas. , but after farming there nearly two years, they, in July, 1879, returned to Wyandotte, in which place they are now residing, being earnest members of the Catholic Church at that place. Joseph was the tenth of their eleven children, the names of the family being as follows: William, John, Mary, Antonia, Katie, Anna, Joseph, Katie, Vinzens, Joseph and Charles. Those deceased are Mary, the two Katies, the elder Joseph, Anna and Vinzens. John, Antonia, Joseph and Charles live in Kansas City, and William lives near Hays City on a farm. All have been married, but Antonia is now a widow. Joseph Doleshal, the subject of this sketch, remained in Columbus, Ohio, for over a year after his parents removed to Kansas, and while there, im- proved his time by learning the tinners' trade. In March, 1877, he too came to Wyandotte, Kas., and after working at his trade a short time, he spent a few months in the employ of the Armour Packing Company, after which he accompanied his parents to Hays City, and during the following summer assisted his father at farming. In the ^ \ fall of 1878 he went to Kansas City, Mo., where for eighteen months he worked in a meat-market, but returned at the end of that time and re-entered the employ of the Armour Packing Company, with which he remained until 1881, holding the position of foreman during the last six months. From November 1, 1881, until the middle of April, 1882, he worked in the packing-house of Jacob Dold & Son, and for nearly a year following this was a foreman in the packing-house of George Fowler & Son. On June 2, 1883, with the money which he had labored so hard to win, he and his brother Charles, opened a meat market on the corner of Fifth Street and Emerson Avenue, they suc- cessfully conducting this establishment until May 8, 1885, when they purchased the meat market at No. 503 Minnesota Avenue, after which they conducted both markets until December 24, 1887. when the market on Minnesota Avenue was sold, at which time Joseph Doleshal sold his interest in the establishment at the corner of Fifth Street and Emerson Avenue to his brother. On June 15, 1888, he purchased two vacant lots at Nos. 657 and 659 Garfield Avenue, and upon one of them about March 1, 1888, he began the erection of a two- story busi- ness building, 20x60, which was completed by June 1, following. In it on the 18'th of the same month, he opened a meat market and groeerv, and on December 12, 1889, he took as a partner Edward J. Menninger, and the firm of Doleshal & Menninger has existed ever since their establishment being one of the leading ones of the kind m the city. Immediately after this partnership was formed, Mr. Dole- shal began to erect upon his other lot a business house of the same dimensions as the first, and the lower part of it was soon ready for occupancy, and into it they moved their stock of meats. Soon after this a tire broke out, and before it could be extinguished, the entire upper story of both rooms, together with their stock was destroyed, entailing the loss of about 14,000, a portion of which was covered by insurance. Mr. Doleshal immediately set about rebuilding, and by May 10, was again ready for business. His business block is one of the best in the north part of the city, and both his grocery and meat market are admirably conducted. He was married on October 4, 188 (, to Miss Minnie Menninger, a daughter of Joseph and Mary Menninger, of this city, and a sister of his business partner. She was born m Cincinnati, Ohio, September 18, 1861, and has borne Mr. Doleshal a son Joseph F., who was born on November 19, 1888. He and his wife are consistent members of the Catholic Church, and he belongs to the C. M. B. A., and in his political views is a Democrat. He is a \t<|s r- ^^ ■wide- awake business man, and he and his wife have a large circle of friends. David J. Doody is foreman of the label department of Armour's Packing House, and although he has resided here for a number of years, he is a native New Yorker, his birth occurring in 1854. He re- ceived his education in the Seventh Ward School in New York City, and after reaching a proper age was a rubber cutter for a gutta-percha company, and was at times, in later years, in the emjjloy of the Gov- ernment during difFerent administrations. He is a born leader of men, and since a boy has been interested in the political affairs of the country, and for many years has never acted in any other capacity than that of foreman, in any business in which he has been engaged. In 1878 he came west, and took up some land in Pottawatomie County, Kas., but subsequently came to Kansas City, and for some time acted as foreman in a railroad business. He soon became known as a polit- ical leader in this section, called a meeting of his party, and was the means of electing a certain mayor, and as a consequence, was made deputy superintendent of the workhouse of Kansas City, and held the position three years. He then entered Armour's packing estab- lishment as a laborer, but was soon made foreman of the label depart- ment, and efficiently has he discharged his every duty. He is mild yet determined in his dealings with men, and is something of a philan- thropist, being very liberal in his contributions to all worthy enter- prises, and generous and kind to all. He is possessed of far more than average ability, and his good judgment and intellect have been thor- oughly appreciated by his Republican friends, and although he is not an aspirant for office, yet he has been a member of State conventions and State senatorial and county central committees. His brother, J. W. Doody, is at present at work under him, but was formerly a sailor on the high seas for twelve years, and visited all parts of the world. He was with the expedition in the interests of the New Y'^ork Geograph- ical Society, that discovered the spoons among the Esquimaux, that resulted in the final discovery of the fate of Franklin and his 150 men, who were lost in 1844. While he was on an expedition to Costa Rica, at the town of Port Lemonde, several people had died of " Yellow Jack," and their bodies were thrown into some box cars, and were carried out of the town and buried. The cars then returned, infested as they were, filled with bananas for the United States, hence one of the greatest yellow fever scourges of the country. Maj. E. S. W. Drought is a Canadian by birth, born in Montreal 7f -■FT WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 583 iu 1844, and when a child was brought to the United States by his parents, and has been a resident of Kansas since he was thirteen or fourteen years of age, his education and rearing being received in this State. In 1861 he went to Colorado, but returned in the spring of that year and joined the Union army, becoming a member of William- son's Mounted RiHes, but in the spring of the following year was transferred to the Fifth Kansas Cavalry, and was mustered out of service at Fort Leavenworth in the month of August, 1864. In 1864 he organized a force of men, and took a herd of 1,000 cattle from Kan- sas to Fort Sumner, N. M., but his main object was to go with thirty of the men to Old Mexico to fight the Greasers. While waiting for a guide in New Mexico, they were disbanded by order of the Govern- ment, and in March, 1865, reached home. He was afterward connect- ed with a force which was to storm Petersburg, Va. , but the war closed before they could do so. He was then on guard duty at Washington, D. C, for several months, after which he returned to his old home in Kansas, and opened a general store at Salina, Kas., which he continued to conduct until he, in September, 1867, received the ap- pointment of post trader at Fort Laramie, Wyo., the duties of which he discharged until November, 1869, at which time he re- turned to Leavenworth, Kas. In the spring of 1870 he moved to Wyandotte, and after following farming and stock-raising for some time, was elected to the position of county sheriff, which he held from 1871 to 1875. He next tilled the j)osition of county treasurer for four years, and the following six years were spent as a representative of Wyandotte County, in the State Legislature, and was an able and act- ive member of that body, his views on all matters being shrewd and sensible. In 1885 he organized a company under the statutes of Kan- sas, and made the surveys and locations of the Kansas City, Wyan- dotte & North- Western Railroad, from here to Beatrice, Neb., and during the following year carried the bonds of the road to Wyandotte County, and commenced the construction of the road under the re- organization. At the same time he was engaged in the construction of some of the substantial buildings of Kansas City, among which may be mentioned the court-house, and has otherwise been a useful citizen of the place. He is a prominent politician and is a stanch Republican. Goliah Dunbar is foreman of the coal and lumber department of Armour's Packing House, at Kansas City, and has been honorably connected with this establishment for more than two years. Although still a young man, his views on all subjects are sound, and being enter- .L ^ ^ ^ -^ ''"^*> prising, industrious and pushing, he is one of the establishment's val- ued employes. He was born in Clark County, Iowa, in 1861, but waa afterward taken to Washington County by his parents, and there made his home, until he was about eighteen years of age, when he went to the Hoosier State, and for a number of years worked at various callings, near Crawfordsville, in Clinton County. His next move was to Washington County, Kas., where he intended to enter some land, but as the land office was closed at that time, he was com- pelled to abandon the idea for some time, and when he did have the opportunity all the best land was taken. After spending one year in that place, he returned to Washington County, Iowa, thence to Fair- field, Iowa, moving thither with his young wife, whom he had married in Washington County, and in the above-mentioned town he worked at railroading, until 1884, when he came to Kansas City, his first em- ployment being Dole's Packing House, becoming afterward an em- ploye of Mr. Fowler. The latter sent him to a ranch in Waubansee County, but at the end of one year he went to Clay Centre, Kas. , and for six months worked in a blacksmith shop. He next found employ- ment in a brick-yard belonging to a man by the name of Speck, after- ward becoming foreman of a brick yard. He again returned to Kan- sas City, and worked in the smoke-house of the Fowler Packing Com- pany, but a year later entered Mr. Armour's employ, being in the olio room at first, receiving his present appointment some time after. He unfortunately got his foot mashed, which necessitated the ampu- tation of the leg, and for this received $2,500 from an insurance company. His residence is at No. 717 Greeley Avenue, and, besides this property he owns some lots on Minnesota Avenue, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets. He is a Democrat and a member of the A. O. U. W. His wife was formerly Miss Minerva E. George, whose birth occurred in Illinois, in 1866, and their marriage, which took place in 1882, has resulted in the birth of two childi-en: John M. and Gracie E. Robert Duncan, grocer, Edwardsville, Kas. The field of enter- prise opened up in the grocery line is a large one, and many prominent citizens of Edwardsville are engaged therein. Among the representa- tive houses that of Mr. Robert Duncan is entitled to due recognition. This gentleman has been in business here for four years, carries a stock of goods valued at 11,500, and is doing an annual business of about $5,000. He owes his nativity to New Brunswick, his birth oc- curring on September 20, 1830, and is the son of John and Christina A (Gerrad) Duncan, botli natives of Scotland. The parents were mar- ried in New Brunswick, and their eight sons and one daughter were l)oru and reared there. Robert Duncan, the fifth in order of birth of the above-mentioned children, left the parental roof when nine years of age and went with a Mr. Esson to near Kingston, Upper Canada. He remained with this family for about ten years, received a good com- mon-school education, and during this time clerked in a mercantile establishment. Then from 1849 until 1863 he was in the Cobury post- office, Ottawa and Kingston, also engaged in clerking. In 1863 his health failed from confinement, and he decided to come west, his ob- ject being to locate somewhere along the line of the Union Pacific Railroad. He went to work on the road with pick and shovel, work- ing on this and the Leavenworth branch from 1863 to 1868, and also engaged in various other occupations, such as farming, saw-milling, etc. At the last mentioned date he settled here, and for sis years was foreman for Mr. Taylor, in his business. During 1877 he was town- ship trustee, and for several years was clerk of the township board, also clerk of the school board. In 1863 he was married to Miss Mary A. Jett'ers. Previous to this, in 1858, he was married in Canada, to Miss Margaret Wilson, who bore him two children — a son and daugh- ter. The daughter, Fannie C, married and resides in Winnipeg, Canada. Mr. Duncan and his present wife are members of the Christian Church, and in politics he is a Democrat. Lewis J. Early, real estate broker of Kansas City, Kas. The principal necessity to the real estate business, the safest and surest form of investment, is to have reliable agents who are thoroughly posted on their city and locality, and Mr. Early may be truly said to be one of these gentlemen, for he first came to Kansas in 1863. from his native State of Ohio. During a four years' residence in Kansas City, Mo., he foresaw the prosperous future of Wyandotte and located here in the spring of 1881, purchasing and platting Moody & Early's Addition, Early's First and Second Additions, Morris & Early's, and Glenwood Gi'ove, all of which have been disposed of on the install- ment plan, which has given men, unprepared to pay cash, a good op- portunity to secure neat and comfortable homes on the payment of a small monthly sum. Mr. Early was the first gentleman in the city to inaugurate this system, and has received as low as $5 per month for some of his lots. On many he erected houses and has sold them, ready finished, at what would be a reasonable rent by the month. He is a practical business man in every sense of the word; a shrewd calcula- ^1 586 HISTORY OF KANSAS. tor, possesses untiring energy, and he is one of the gentlemen who has helped to make Kansas City the prosperous and pushing city it now is. A short time since he purchased a tract of land called Elmwood, in which his son, G. W Early, treasurer of the Great Western Manu- facturing Company, at Leavenworth, is a partner. He now has control of Gaylord & Perkins' Addition and Forest Grove, in which he has large personal interests, and by leniency, upright dealing, and sterling integrity, he has won the respect and esteem of all who know him. His estimate of land values is unquestioned, and his judgment is sought and relied upon by capitalists, who consider him one of the most cautious as well as enterprising and successful dealers in real estate. David Eaton is an esteemed business man of Kansas City, Kas., his native birthplace being the State of Mississippi, where he tirst saw the light of day on July 12, 1838, and was the eldest of twelve children, live now living, born to the marriage of William Eaton and Minerva Dunlap, the former born in Barren County, Ky. , in 1815, and the latter a native of Tennessee, born in 1822. They were mar- ried about 1837, and throughout the greater portion of his life the father followed the calling of a farmer, and was giving his attention to this occupation at the time of his death, which occurred in December, 1868. His widow survives him, her home being in Kansas City, Mo. Their children who are living are David, Henry (who is a farmer by occupation and resides seven miles west of Kansas City, Kas. ), Frank (who is a resident of Armourdale in this city), Sarah Frances (wife of Joshua Lawrence, of Kansas City, Mo., who is following (he pursuit of stationery engineering, while his wife manages a large restaurant on the corner of Twelfth and Liberty Streets), and Thomas (who works on the railroad, and is a resident of Kansas City, Mo.). All are mar- ried with the exception of the latter. While David Eaton was a small child his parents removed from Mississippi to Tennessee, and subsequently, during his early life, to Kentucky, Missouri, Arkansas, Indiana, Texas and Illinois, the father's death occurring in Madison County of the latter State. David began the duties of life for him- self while in this county, being engaged in tilling the soil, but in 1879 came west to Pierce City, Mo. , where he spent two years working at the butcher's trade and teaming. He next located in Springfield, Mo., where for two years he was employed as a car repairer in the shops of the San Francisco Railway. In March, 1884, he came to Kansas City, Mo. , and a few weeks later to Kansas City, Kas. , where his home has WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 587 since been. The first two years here were spent at car work for the Missouri Pacitic Railway, but on April 16, 1887, he began business at No. 6 South Fifth Street, and has been running a well-appointed grocery establishment at that place up to the present time. At first he had nothing but a small lunch counter, but as time passed on, with the proceeds of this he began adding a -few groceries, and has now be- come one of the well appointed establishments of the kind in the city. He carries a full line of pure and fresh groceries, a good stock of to- bacco, cigars and flour, and a choicb assortment of fresh and salted meats. His establishment is recognized as an excellent place to trade by the citizens of that portion of the city, and accordingly his patron- age has become very large. Mr. Eaton was married on December 29, 1862, to Miss Martha Bradshaw, who died in 1869, after having given birth to four children, all of whom died in infancy. On March 16, 1875, his union to Miss Josephine Lewis took place, but her death oc- curred in 1888, after she had borne six children: Rosetta and Jeanetta, who are aged respectively, ten and six years, are the only ones living. On January 27, 1890, Mr. Eaton's third marriage took jjlace, his wife being Mrs. Blanche Henry, who resided at Independence, Mo. , and whose maiden name was Todd. When Mr. Eaton began business for himself he had but $15 in money, and was $85 in debt, but in the short space of three and one-half years he built up a grocery, which is now one of the leading ones in the city, and made numerous friends. His grandparents were John and Sallie Eaton. Maj. R. E. Ela, contractor, Kansas City, Kas. This prominent business man was originally from Lebanon, N. H., his birth occurring in 1841, and as he grew to manhood he received excellent educational advantages, graduating from the Chandler Scientific Department of Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H. , receiving the degree of B. S., in 1868. This course included civil engineering. After leaving college he went on the Northern Railroad, of New Hampshire, and on the Portland & Ogdensburg, until he came West in the spring of 1871. He located in Wyandotte County, and was elected county surveyor, serving two years in that capacity. In 1876 he went to Colorado, surveying and engineering, but later returned, and was contracting and building un- til 1882. He was then appointed city engineer, served in that position for one year, and has since been in the contract business on public works. He paved Quindaro Boulevard, and was with the company that paved La Fayette Avenue, Stewart Avenue, Fifth Street north, Third Street north, and Southwest Boulevard, also the Shawnee & 588 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Pi'itchard Road; he also paved Nebraska Avenue from Third to Fourth Street, Seventh Street from Parallel to Quindaro Boulevard, and is now on the Fourth Street paving. He is grading Eleventh Street from Minnesota Avenue to Quindaro BoiTlevard. Maj. Ela was mar- ried in Quindaro in 1871 to Miss Mary A. Gray, a native of Illinois, and the fruits of this union were two children: Myron G. and Rich- ard E. In politics the Major is a Republican, and socially he belongs to the A. O. U. W. The father of Mr. Ela is of English, and the mother of French descent, and on both sides they are long-lived peo- ple. The Major was in school seven years, and was back to the alumni on July 7, 1890. J. M. Enochs, real estate and collecting agent, notary public and conveyancer, Armourdale, Kas. In that proud series of names which has made Armourdale what it is, that of Enochs holds a leading place. J. M. Enochs is a native of Ohio, born in Washington County, October 18, 1828, and his parents, Henry and Jane (Miller) Enochs, were na- tives of Ohio, and early settlers of Ohio. The great-grandfathers on both sides were in the Revolutionary War, and both grandfathers were in the War of 1812. Elisha Enochs was a Methodist minister, and had one son who became quite a noted minister. He was a resident of Monroe County, Ohio, for over sixty years, and died there when eighty-seven years of age. The father of our subject was the first white child born in Enoch Township, Monroe County, Ohio (which township was named in honor of the Enochs family), his birth occurring March 26, 1806. He was a farmer and a local minister, and his death oc- curred in 1886. The mother was born in December, 1808, and died in 1888. They reared thirteen children, the eldest being our subject: Nancy (born May 28, 1830), Barbara (born December 18, 1831), Elisha (born July 17, 1833), Henry (born March 27, 1838), Mary J. (deceased, born October 21, 1839), Alfred O. (born June 3, 1841), Columbus (born February 22, 1843), Lydia A. (born November 8, 1844), Frances (de- ceased, born March 8, 1847), Martha (born February 17, 1850), Leon- ard O. (born January 24, 1852), and Caroline (born April 25, 1854). Five sons were soldiers in the late war, four of whom were commis- sioned ofiScers. Henry was mustered out as a brevet brigadier-gen- eral, Alfred was a captain, and two others lieutenants. J. M. Enochs was educated in the common schools of his native county, and assisted on his father's farm until twenty-one years of age. He theu began following the blacksmith's trade, which he had learned in his youth, and worked at this from 1848 until the war broke out, in 1861. He left V^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 589 Ohio in 1852, went to Illinois, and was there married to Miss Caroline Cook, a native of Connecticut, one year later. In 1854 he went to Sarpy County, Neb., settled among the Indians, and was the first jus- tice of the peace of that county. He still has the commission, dated April 24, 1855, signed by Gov. Mark W. Izard. In 1857 he was com- missioned sheriff of the same county, serving but a short time when he was elected to the office on the Republican ticket. He remained here vmtil 1858, when he crossed to Iowa, taking the old Blormon trail through the State, and locating in Buchanan County, where he ran a blacksmith shop until the breaking out of hostilities. In 1861 he en- listed in Company L, First Iowa Cavalry, and was with Gen. Steele all through the campaign of the Western Army. He was slightly wounded by a gun-shot at Prairie Grove. At Little Rock, Ark. , he was commissioned a lieutenant, and served as such till the clo.^e of the war. He witnessed many hardships and went through enough to have killed most men. Returning to Iowa after the war, he remained there until 1866, when he came to Atchison, Kas., and there ran a butcher shop for some time. After this he was in Lawrence for about four years, and then was on a farm in Leavenworth County for a number of years. In 1884 he came to Kansas City, Kas. , and subsequently engaged in his present business. He has been a member of the city council and is a man respected and esteemed by all who know him. He is master of the Masonic lodge and past grand of the I. O. O. F., and has represented both fraternities in the Grand Lodge several times. To his marriage were born five children, four living: Mary J., Mattie C, Maggie A. and Carrie. Henry is deceased. L. J. Enright is a well known contractor and builder of Argentine, Kas., and is recognized throughout this section of the country as a liberal, generous and high-minded gentleman. He was born in Atchi- son, Steuben County, N. Y. , on January 16, 1860, being the fourth of eleven children born to Murty and Johanna (Hunt) Enright, they be- ing also born in that State, the father a successful tiller of the soil. In 1868 Mr. Enright sold his old farm in New York, and came west, settling in Kansas City, Mo., with the hopes of benefiting his health, and as his health improved, he became actively engaged in contract- ing, and soon had more work to do than he could successfully manage. In 1878, owing to the general failure of his health, he gave up this business, which was placed in the hands of his son, the subject of this sketch. The latter, in 1880, built the celebrated Bluff Street sewer, at a cost of $714,000, and also built Grand Avenue sewer, which cost -.^ 4^ •k 590. HISTORY OF KANSAS. some $38,800. The first job of street paving in Kansas City, Kas. , was done by him on Kansas Avenue, which cost about $70,000, also Ninth, Fifteenth and Ann Streets, and sewers on Sixteenth Street, Shawnee Avenue, Third and Fourth Streets, making a total amount of $100,000. He also did the grading on the Southern Bridge road, and the grading on Osage Avenue. The work here and in Argentine kept from twenty- five to eighty men steadily employed the year round, and Mr. Enright has been exceptionally successful in these enterprises, and is now a heavy stockholder in the Thayer & Enright Street Railway, which runs through Argentine, Armourdale and Old Wyandotte, cross- ing the Union Pacific viaduct. In 1884 he was elected a member of the town council of Argentine, and the following year was chosen mayor on the Republican ticket, and reelected on the same in 1886. The same year he made the race for sheriff against Tom Bowling, who is considered one of the most popular men in the county, and although the latter was successful in seciiring the office, it was only by a small majority. For the last three years he has been a member of the school board, and is interested in the City Waterworks, and the Electric Light Company. He has made an excellent start in the accumulation of worldly goods, and is now the owner of twenty acres of good land within the city limits. He has been a life-long Republican, and is a member of Argentine Lodge of the A. O. U. W. J. F. Ensminger is an Ohioan, reared and educated there, his knowledge of books being acquired in the common schools and the State Normal School. After reaching a proper age, he began mer- chandising at Fostoria, Ohio, and after successfully following this call- ing for two years, he opened a wholesale establishment at Toledo, Ohio, but just before opening his establishment here, he spent some time in the State of Minnesota for the benefit of his health. After a while he was taken with the western fever, and in 1884 came to Kan- sas City, Kas., after having traveled for a Chicago house for nearly three years. He had money invested in real estate at this point, and after locating here, he opened a clothing store, his establishment be- ing the largest one of the kind in the city. He does a purely cash business, is the heaviest advertising merchant in the place, and he has, by his many sterling business qualities, built up a trade that extends throughout this and the surrounding country'. Throughout his en- tire business career, so well did he manage his afi^airs, that he never allowed a draft to mature on him or go to protest. He has always donated liberally of his means to charitable enterprises, but -^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 591 never put his name on a subscription paper. He also was the pro- prietor of the establishment known as the Minnesota Hat Company at this point, but afterward sold out. He has been very successful in his operations in Wyandotte County, but as his health was very poor for some time, he disposed of all his business in Kansas City, and with his wife made a trip to Europe, visiting England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, France, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, and all the principal cities of each. He returned to the United States, however, perfectly satisfied to remain a subject of Uncle Sam, and now has one of the pleasantest homes in Kansas City. His wife was formerly Miss Hattie S. Hoffman, by whom he has two interesting children: Frank and Burt. Reynold Erickson. Among the establishments which opened in Kansas City, Kas. , in 1882, the one owned by Mr. Erickson is well founded and is a popular place of business. This gentleman was born in Sweden June 22, 18-18, his parents being Erick and Catherine (Pe- terson) Erickson, their marriage taking place about 1830. Their chil- dren are as follows: Peter, Catherine, Mary, Anderson, Larson, Jo- hanna, Eegena, John and Reynold, who lived to maturity, and three that died in infancy. Peter and Catherine have since died, and only seven are now living. Of this family Reynold is the only one who came to America, but two daughters of his brother Larson, a daughter of Peter and a son of Anderson, have since come to this country, the first two being residents of Michigan, the second of St. Paul, Minn., and the last of Kansas City, Kas. The subject of this sketch was only four months old when his father died, and was but five years of age when his mother passed from life. The father was a farmer by occu- pation, and was one of the wealthy men of his community, being the owner of about 350 acres of well-improved land, which was also well stocked. He was a worthy citizen, and highly respected in the place in which he resided. Reynold spent his boyhood on the old home farm, living with a married sister after the death of bis mother, and the knowledge of books which he now has was obtained between the ages of seven and seventeen years, from the time he was sixteen years of age being an attendant at a high school. In the spring of 1866 he started for America, and first went to Gothenburg, where he em- barked for Hull, England, going from there by rail to Liverpool, where he embarked on a steamer for the United States. The vessel touched at Queenstown, Ireland, and after a stormy voyage of twenty- eight days reached the city of New York. After remaining in that -r-^ ^- 592 HISTORY OF KANSAS. place one week he came as far west as Chicago, in which place he stayed two weeks, then went via Green Bay to the mining regions near Lake Superior, and worked one year in the iron mines. He then re- turned to Chicago, but three weeks later wont to Missouri, spending two weeks at Macon City and two weeks at St. Louis, at the end of which time he went to Springfield, in the vicinity of which place he remained three months, helping to build a railroad. He next returned to St. Louis, but after four months spent in a blacksmith's shop he was taken ill, and it was some seven months before he was again able to work. From St. Louis he crossed the river to Belleville, 111., and near that place stopped at a farm-house for about two weeks, being still too weak to do much of anything. From this place he went to a hospital in Belleville, and three weeks later, having partially recovered, he went to Misgoota, 111., a few miles from Belleville, near which place he ob- tained employment with a farmer, remaining with him for about nine months, and working when he was able. For one month after leaving this place he was employed at what was called the Half-Way House, between St. Louis and Belleville, and for his work here received 116, with which he went to St. Louis, and bought a ticket for Kansas City, coming by way of the river, he arrived at his destination in August, 1869, but a few days later was again overtaken by sickness, and was obliged to spend several weeks in the city hospital. As soon as he became well enough to leave the hospital he went to Indian Creek, Kas., and there remained in the family of an Indian for three months. Later he returned to Kansas City, from which place he went to Fort Scott, Kas. , and for one summer he assisted in building the Fort Scott & Gulf Railway, returning at the end of that time to Kansas City and hiring out to W. H. Ryus, for whom he chopped wood for some two months in Wyandotte County, Kas. We next find him in Paoli, Kas., in the vicinity of which place he labored at farm work three years. He then once more came to Kansas City, and with the money that he had saved he bought a vacant lot at No. 320 James Street, this being about the year 1872. For a year following this he worked in a pack- ing-house for Thomas J. Bigger, from whom he had bought the lot mentioned above, after which he went to Jasper County, Mo., and sjaent several months prospecting for coal. Returning to Kansas City he re-entered the employ of Mr. Bigger, remaining with him about three months longer, after which he worked for the Armourdale Pack- ing Company a few weeks, and was afterward employed for two months piaking railroad ties in Clay County, Mo. Two months were then 3PI' '-^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 593 spent in stone quarrying at ^Vhite Eock, Mo., and the followiog win ter he acted as yardman for the Pacific Hotel, after which he went to Council Bluffs, Iowa, and for a short time was in the Pacific Hotel of that place. Fort Dodge, Iowa, was his next stopping place, a short time being spent in the coal mine of that place, after which he went to Iowa Falls, and in the vicinity of that place worked through a harvest and threshing season, the following winter being spent in a packing- bouse in Des Moines. In the spring he went to Sioux Falls and was engaged in the patent-right business for a short time, after which Cus- ter City, Dak., was the scene of his operations, he being in that place when Gen. Custer was killed by the Indians four miles distant. From that place he went to Fort Perry, thence to Fort Sully, and here he and a companion bought an Indian dug-out, and in it drifted and rowed down the Missouri River to St. Joe. a distance of nearly 3,000 miles. They stopped off at this place a week, after which Mr. Erick- son came once more to Kansas City, and for one month worked as a section hand. He then spent a suSicient length of time in Tonga- noxie, Kas. , to assist in the building of a foundation of a mill, after which he returned to Kansas City and worked the following winter in the Armourdale Packing House, and the next spring, which was the spring of 1880, he built upon his James Street lot the foundation for his present business building. The next year he erected a one-story stone building, 22x62 feet, and in 1882 engaged in the grocery bus- iness in this building. At the end of eighteen months he sold a half interest in it to F. O. Wheeler, which connection lasted for five years. Mr. Erickson then sold his half to John L. Jones, and as he had been elected to the position of assistant street commissioner of Kansas City, he began discharging his duties, and continued to do so for one year. He next served nine months on the police force under Chief Serviss, and then spent a few months in the stockyards. In May he and his present partner, O. Nelson, bought a grocery on West Seventh Street, Kansas City. Mo., and in the fall of 1889 the firm of Erickson & Nel- son bought a stock of groceries from William Baggs, who had been doing business in Mr. Erickson' s building on James Street. The stock of goods on West Seventh Street was then removed to the James Street building, and the two were united into one large establishment, which he and Mr. Nelson have conducted very successfully up to the present time. Mr. Erickson has since added a second story to his building, with an additional twenty-eight feet in length, so that it is now ninety feet long. He also owns a lot at No. 318 James Street, and 594 HISTORY OF KANSAS. upon it he has erected a two-stoiy frame business building which he rents. He was married in 1882 to Miss Cecelia Nelson, a native of Sweden, who came to America in 1871. She had three daughters by a former marriage, their names being Edith, Selma and Huldah. Mr. Erickson has always been noted for his industry, and although he met with many difficulties on first coming to this country he has sur- mounted them all, and bids fair to become a wealthy man as he is, al- ready, an honored citizen. Dr. Chauncey E. Fairchild, of Kansas City, Kas. , was born in Che- nango County,. N Y., February 4, 1818, being the second of three children born to Agur and Betsey (Hodge) Fairchild, the former of whom was born in Derby, Conn., December 9, 1782, and the latter in New Haven County, Conn., in 1792, their union taking place April 6, 1814. They died on October 18, 1846, and in June, 1849, respectively, after having passed long and useful lives. The paternal grandparents. Dr. Joseph and Hannah (Wheeler) Fairchild, were also born in the "Nutmeg State," and the great-grandfather, Joseph Fairchild, was born in England, and came to America when he was a young man. His wife, whose maiden name was Hannah Porter, was a sister of Dr. Pre- serve Porter, a prominent physician of New Haven County, Conn., who has five sons, all of whom became physicians. She lived to be one hundred and two years old, and her son, Dr. Joseph Fairchild, reached the advanced age of ninety-sis, his wife attaining her ninety- first year. The maternal grandparents of the subject of this sketch, Chester and Hannah (Kiggs) Hodge, were born in Connecticut, and the name of the great grandfather was Philo Hodge. The children of Agur and Betsey (Hodge) Fairchild are: Harriet (who is the widow of John R. Adams, and resides in Lorain County, Ohio), Chester S. (who died on December 13, 1884; his wife, formerly Miss Caroline Mann, being also dead), and Dr. Chauncey R. The latter accompanied his parents to Lorain County, Ohio, when he was ten years of age, and in early life, took up the study of medicine, which has received his almost imdivided attention ever since. He is a graduate of the Pittsfield Medical College, of Massachusets, and in 1844 he began the active practice of his profession in Hancock County. After remaining there eight years he spent one year in New York City, and in 1853 lo- cated in Clinton, 111. , but in 1858 removed to Providence, La. He was 1 here practicing the " healing art ' ' at the opening of the Rebellion, but he immediately returned to Illinois, and in 1866 came West and located in St. Joseph, Mo., in which place he remained four years. In -t~^ •L^ 1870 he removed to Seaeca, Kas. , in which place and vicinity he practiced for tifteen years. Since 1885 he has been a resident of Kan- sas City, Kas. , and has built up a lucrative practice among the best class of people of this section. He is the proprietor of a sanitarium in Kansas City, which he condiicts in connection with his practice. He is popular, both professionally and socially, and since taking up his abode in Wyandotte County, he has proved to be a public-spirited citi- zen. He was man'ied on August 10, 1839, to Miss Almira Paddack, who was born in Essex County, N. Y. , January 28, 1822, and to them have been born six children, of whom four sons are living. E. H. Farrell, contractor and builder, Kansas City, Kas. Mr. Farrell was born in Rochester, N. Y. , in 1854, spent his boyhood and youth in Menekauuee, Wis. , and received a good practical education in the country schools and at the fireside at home during long winter evenings. He learned his trade in Milwaukee, serving a three years' apprenticeship, and afterward worked for nine years for the man with whom he learned his trade. After this he came to Atchison, Kas., remained there four years working at his trade, and then went to Leavenworth, where he carried on his trade for six years, contracting and building houses. While a resident of Atchison he was in the grocery business for some time, and after his residence in Leavenworth he came to Kansas City, Kas. Here he has followed his trade of con- tractor and builder ever since. He built the Douglas School Building, Gazette Building, woodwork on county jail, remodeled Northup's place, woodwork on stores for Dahlgren and stores for Bryson Bros. , electric building, flats for Mat Harris, and many small residences in the town. He had as many as fifteen to twenty-five men working for him last year, and finished over $60,000 worth of work. He is a skilled workman, is seldom or never out of employment, and his promptness and reliability must mark him as a most desirable man with whom to establish business in this line. James Ferguson is a prominent and honored pioneer citizen of Kansas City, Kas., and is at present license inspector of that place. He was born in Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Penn., January 29, 1840, to Bijah and Susan (Palmer) Ferguson, both of whom were born near Chambersburg. Penn. , the former being the son of Hugh Ferguson, a native of Scotland. Bijah Ferguson and his wife be- came the parents of six children, their names being as follows: Ben- jamin, Belle, Sarah, John, James and William. The father in his early life followed the pursuit of a farmer, but subse(juently located .^ _® >>• i 596 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. in Allegheny City, Penn., where for several years he served as chief of police. Upon the opening of the Mexican War, he enlisted in Company A, First Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served throughout the whole war, returning home as first lieutenant of his company. He subsequently held different official positions in Alle- gheny City, and later removed to Pittsburgh, where he spent the re- mainder of his life, his wife having died a few years prior to this removal. James Ferguson, the immediate subject of this memoir, was reared to manhood in Pittsburgh and Allegheny City, and he was fortunate enough to secure an excellent early education. At the age of eighteen years he began to learu the carpenter's trade, and after serving three years under James Graham, of Pittsburgh, he followed his trade in Pittsburgh, until the war broke out. Early in April, 1861, he responded to his country's call and became a volun- teer in Company D, Twelfth Pennsylvania liegiment, with which he served out the time of his enlistment, three months, being mustered out at Pittsburgh on August 8. He then followed the carpenter's trade in Pittsburgh until the fall of 1863, when he came West and located in Wyandotte, Kas., and for a number of months following worked at his trade in Kansas City, Mo. In May, 1864, he removed to Leavenworth, Kas., working at his trade there also. In August, 1864, he in company with some other workmen, went to Harmicello, Colo., for the purpose of erecting a store-room and dwelling-house for Col. William Craig, and when that work was finished in the summer of 1865, he returned to Kansas and again took up his residence in Wyandotte. In November, 1866, he returned to his old home in Pittsburgh, Penn., where, on December 5, following, he was married to Miss Catherine Gardner, returning with her to Wyandotte, Kas., in the spring of 1868. He has resided here ever since, and has followed the pursuit of a carpenter and contractor, several years being spent as a car-builder in the shops of the Union Pacific Railway, holding for as much as six years the position of foreman. In the fall of 1883 he was elected to the position of sheriff of Wyandotte County, on the Republican ticket, and during his term of service proved himself to be an efficient, punctual, industrious and honest official. He entered upon his duties in January, 1884, and served until January, 1888, having been re-elected in the fall of 1885. Upon the occasion of his second election he received the largest majority ever accorded a candi- date for county office, it being over 1,900, and would have undoubted- ly received a second re-election had it not been owing to the fact 1 j^" — ^ -^ — ^Ll, WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 597 that the office is limited to two terms. In the spring of 1889 he was appointed license inspector by Mayor Coy, and he is now serv- ing in that capacity in a very efficient manner. His marriage has resulted in the birth of seven children: Mollie B., Charles S., Will- iam G., Albert, Belle, John and James. Of these Charles, Albert and John are deceased. Mr. Ferguson is a member of the K. of P., Fellowship Lodge No. 2, the I. O. O. F., Summanduwat Lodge No. 3, and attained to the Encampment, and he also belongs to the Union Veterans. Throughout his entire life he has been a devoted member of the Republican party and personally, and in every private relation and duty of life, too much can not be said in his praise. He has always been liberal, honorable and high-minded, and although he has most emphatically a "will of his own," yet he is not aggressive nor disputatious. His career has been marked by kind deeds, and it can be truly said of him that he never violated a friendship nor forgot a kind action done him. He is extensively known throughout Wyan- dotte County, and no one of her citizens possesses a higher degree of public esteem. L. G. Ferguson, contractor and builder, Kansas City, Kas. Were it necessary for us to include in the sketch of Mr. Ferguson's life some items pertaining to his ability and skill as a builder, perhaps the greatest compliment that could be paid him woiild be for us to point out those monuments of his handiwork scattered far and near. He came to Kansas City, Kas., from Ottawa, 111., in 1880, and here he has since remained, engaged in his chosen occupation. He makes a spe- cialty of school-houses and brickwork as follows : Two on Wood Street; Riverview; two in Armourdale, Boston Place, High School; two in Long Addition; two school buildings in Argentine; the brick block of Seventh at 123 James Street, and a large number of frame dwellings, one and two stories high. Mr. Ferguson was born in Wells County, Ind., on October 21, 18-14, and is a son of John and Sarah (Meyers) Ferguson, natives of Ohio, the father born in 1818 and the mother in 1819. The father was of English-Irish descent, and was a carpenter and^builder by trade. He moved to Illi- nois in 1850, and there resided until 1880, when he came to Kansas City, his death occurring here in December, 1887. The mother was of German extraction and died in 1889. L. G. Ferguson learned his trade in Illinois with his father, received a good common-school edu- cation, and was married on April 12, 1883, to Miss Maggie Dawall, a native of Michigan. To this union were born three children: Walter qv '• I. , Edith L. and Alice M. In his political views Mr. Fergusan affil- iates with the Republican party. Socially he is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity, Wyandotte Ladge No. 247, the A. O. U. W., Eiv- erview Lodge, and is a member of the A. O. F., Kansas City, Mo., Lodge No. 6351. Mr. Ferguson is a capable and persevering busi- ness man, and deserving of the success he is achieving. Prof. John AV. Ferguson, who, for the past eight years has been identified with the public schools of Kansas City, Kas., and who has acquired a widespread reputation as a disciplinarian, educator and school manager, was born in Oxford. Benton County, Ind., August 11, 1850, being a son of John and Sarah (Meyers) Ferguson, both of whom were born in the State of Ohio, the former in 1819 and the latter in 1818. Paternally Prof. Ferguson is of Irish-English descent, but from his mother inherits German blood. His parents were mar- ried in 1839, and of a family of seven children born to them, four are still living and reside in Kansas City, Kas. The father of these chil- dren, who was a contractor and carpenter by occupation, died on No- vember 20, 1885, his widow passing to her long home March 5, 1887. AVhen the subject of this sketch was but two years of age his parents removed from Oxford to BlufFton, Ind. , and at the age of six years he was taken by them to Morris, Grundy County, 111. Two years later La Salle County, 111., became their home, and there John W. spent his youth. In his early life when not in school, his time was divided between assisting his father at the carpenter's trade and laboring upon a farm. At the age of fourteen, he with his parents located in Mar- seilles, 111., and he attended the schools of that place until he was seventeen years of age, after which he began following the occupation of teaching, and with the exception of two years, his entire attention has been devoted to educational work. During the first eleven years of his professional career his entire services were performed in La Salle County, and the fact that his operations were confined to four differ- ent districts is evidence of his success as a teacher. He taught his first school for 126.25 per month, but as the work he did was ap- preciated his salary was raised accordingly from time to time, until he at last received $65 a month. In 1880 he removed to Kansas City, Kas., and for two years thereafter gave his attention to the carpenter's trade. In the spring of 1881 he was elected a member of the school board in Old Kansas City, Kas., but this position he resigned in the spring of 1882, and two weeks later he was elected superintendent of the schools of that city, and held the position until 1886. In that r fc. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 599 year he was elected superintendent of the schools of the consolidated cities of Wyandotte, Kansas City and Arinourdale, and has since dis- charged the duties of this position to the satisfaction of all concerned. He has made an able and efficient superintendent, and under his man- agement the schools have experienced a career of prosperity and growth almost phenomenal. During his first year, four years ago, he had forty-three teachers and 2,005 pupils, and during the school year just closed he had under his charge 104 teachers and 6,000 pupils, which is a showing, perhaps without a parallel in the country. It adds much more to the credit of Prof. Ferguson, too, when it is re- membered that all the strifes and jealousies, which naturally existed between the schools of the three cities at the time of their consolida- tion had to be overcome, and the fact that he succeeded in harmoniz- ing the work and uniting the schools under one system is evidence of his superior tact and skill as a school manager. He has devoted twenty-three years to his present calling, and now ranks among the leading educators of the State. His marriage, which occurred on September 19, 1876, was to Miss Ella M. Harley, a former pupil. She died on February 20, 1890, leaving, besides her sorrowing hus- band, a family of four children to mourn their loss, their names being Harley L. (born June 19, 1877), Sarah J. (born February 22, 1879), William A. (bom July 15, 1882), and Gertrude (born March 18, 1887). Prof. Ferguson is a stanch supporter of Republican principles, and socially belongs to the A. O. IT. W., and since the age of twenty-one has been a member of the Masonic fraternity. He was a charter mem- ber of Kaw Lodge No. 272, and served as its first master for two years. He is at present high priest of Wyandotte Chapter No. 6, and belongs to Ivanhoe Commandery No. 20. He has always led a strictly tem- perate life. W. S. Ferguson is in the real estate, loan and insurance business in Kausas City, Kas., and is one of the prosperous and successful business men of the city. He was born in Gallatin County, Ky. , in 1861, and in 1865 was brought by his parents to Kansas, and was reared in the southern part of Leavenworth County, near Glenwood. He received no advantages for acquiring an education, but after he attained his twenty-first year he determined to improve his knowledge of the "world of books" and during his leisure moments devoted his time to studying such books as came ih his way. At the age of twen- ty-two years he first left the farm and began working by the month, at $27 per month, and in time succeeded in saving |50. As his sal- :^ 600 HISTORY OF KANSAS. ary had been increased to 150, he conduded to erect him a house in Leavenworth, and his mornings and evenings were devoted to com- pleting his home. He never had more than $1.75 in money until he began working for himself, and it is owing to this that he knew the value of every cent, and saved his money, instead of spending it fool- ishly. After a time he was enabled to purchase a half interest in the furniture establishment in which he had worked as a clerk, but made the purchase on credit and was so unfortunate as to be burned out June, 1885, the loss being 17,400. They then went to Wichita and entered the coal and feed business, but this business proved to be a failure, and seeing the depression of the times, he traded his interest in the coal and feed business for vacant property in the town and then traded that for property in Kansas City, Kas. Here he moved in 1886 and opened a real estate and loan office. He took hold of the London Heights, loaned money for the New England Loan & Trust Company, and after the first four months began doing a paying business. From March 1, 1889, to March 1, 1890, he loaned 1244,000. He has been very successful in real estate, and in June, ISSl, bought $31,000 worth of property and had disposed of it all before January 1, 1890. He bought seventy-four lots in January of the last-named year, and now has only twenty-eight left, and although he lost $4,800 by going security for an acquaintance, he still continues to pursue the even tenor of his way. He was married at the age of twenty-three years to Miss Bertha E. Gates, by whom he has three children: AVin- field. Myrtle May and Florence Fay. Mrs. Ferguson was educated in Leavenworth, Kas. , and is a woman of more than average attain- ments, and her husband says that much of the success that has attended his efforts has been due to her counsel and advice. Both are members of the First Presbyterian Church of Leavenworth, and he is a member of the K. of P. In addition to his real estate business he is the owner of one of the finest grocery establishments in the town, but leaves it principally to the management of others. J. A. Fligor, carpenter, Edwardsville, Kas. With the rapid and steady advance of Edwardsville, with the continual increase in her building operations, the profession of an architect is one of primary importance, and is one on which the first step of progress is depend- ent. Among those who are prominent in this calling is Mr. J. A. Fli- gor, who owes his nativity to Pennsylvania, his birth occurring on September 26, 1829. He is a son of William and Sarah (Keslar) Fli- gor, and the grandson of John Fligor, who was born in Germany, and — IS -^ who came to America wLen a boy. The latter' s wife, Elizabeth Fitz- hugh, was born in London, England, and came to America in early girlhood. They were married in Philadelphia, Peun. There, in West- moreland County, of that State, the Fligor family lived, and there their children were born and reared, inheriting a strong love for their native soil. William and Sarah (Keslar) Fligor were both natives of Westmoreland County, and were married there in 1822, he at the age of twenty-two, and she when twenty years of age. Her parents were reared in Philadelphia. Mr. and Mrs. Fligor became the parents of ten children — sis sons and four daughters — three sons and three daugh- ters now living— the three daughters now living in Westmoreland County, and are named as follows: Nancy, Esther and Sarah. Of the sons, Peter is in the grocery business in Arkansas, and Isaiah is a farmer in Ohio. The parents of these children are deceased, the father dying in December, 1863, and the mother in March, 1888. J. A. Fligor was reared on a farm, and left home equipped with a common- school education. He began working at the carpenter's trade, fearless of the future, confident in his own power to make his own way in life, and drifted into the northern part of Ohio, or wherever his fancy led him. He was in Cleveland, Sandusky, Springfield and many other places, Fremont being the last place. In 1857, in company with Maj. Downs and Canfield, he left Ohio for Wyandotte, Kas., and after arriving here built one of the first store-houses in the city, just north of what is now Dunning' s Hall. He remained here until 1859, and then went to Leavenworth, then down to Johnson Countj% but later settled in Edwardsville, and is one of the oldest residents. His first advent here was to run the post office, and since that time he has made his headquarters at this place. He has worked at his trade all over the adjoining country, and many evidences of his ability and skill may be seen in every direction. He was married Sepitember 2, 1872, to Miss M. E. Fray, who was born February 10, 1855, a daughter of Benjamin and Eliza Fray. Mr. and Mrs. Fray, who were natives of Pennsyl- vania, removed to Doniphan County, Kas., in 1854, Benjamin Fray dying in April, 1855. His wife, Eliza Fray, died in the spring of 1861. The union of Mr. Fligor and Miss Fray, resulted in the birth of three children — two daughters and a son: Sarah E. (born March 22, 1873), Margaret E. (born March 29, 1876), and John F. (born April 18, 1890, and died July 31, 1890). Mr. Fligor i.s an Odd Fellow, being a charter member of Lodge No. 3, the first organized in the county, and in which lodge he was the first noble grand. He also helped organize the > \ '" 602 HISTORY OF KANSAS. State Lodge. He is a Republican in polities, being one of the old Free- soil men, and was here through the early trouble on the border. He was a delegate to the convention that nominated S. C. Cobb for Con- gress. Mr. Fligor has accumulated a fair competency, and is pretty well satisfied with the world as revealed in Kansas. James E. Fisher one of the old settlers of Wyandotte County, a man esteemed and respected for his many good qualities of mind and heart, has been a resident of Rosedale since 1872. He was born in Geauga County, Ohio, February 19, 1835. When only seven years of age, his parents gave uj) farming, and moved to the thriving little manufactur- ing village of Chagrin Falls, Cuyahoga County, distant about sixteen miles from Cleveland, Ohio, the county seat, where he entered into the manufacturing of doors, sash and blinds, which gave J. E. ample op- portunity to learn habits of industry, and the use of tools and machin- ery, which he has never had reason to regret. He attended the schools of the village, and there grew to manhood. In 1856 he went to Cali- fornia via Nicaragua, and remained in that State nine years, engaged in mining most of the time, but his trip was not a success financially, and he then returned to Ohio. In 1865 he came to Kansas City, Mo., where he operated with his brother Abel, a saw-mill at the foot of Fifth Street in the bottoms, where the Linseed Oil Works now stand. They cut timber from the bottoms — mostly cottonwood and sycamore, though the main dependence was to raft the logs from the Missouri River lands, as far up as Leavenworth, and on the Platte River as far up as Platte City (in Platte County, Mo.). Having sold his mill in- terests in 1872, he bought fifty-four acres of land overlooking and joining Rosedale, and turned his attention to fruitgrowing. He im- proved by building and otherwise, until he had a fine property. This he sold in 1886, and moved to Rosedale, where he has interests, and Las made it his home since. He, with others who were interested in public schools, organized District No. 39, in 1873. He held the office of director until he moved out of the district, with credit to himself and satisfaction to the people of the district. On coming here he was unanimoiisly elected director of schools. He was elected a member of the city council in April, 1890. Mr. Fisher is the son of Abel and Ruth (Green) Fisher, his father a native of Massachusetts, and his mother of New York State. They immigrated to the Connecticut Western Reserve of Ohio in 1818. The father was a farmer by occu- pation, and also followed the carpenter and joiner's trade in his younger years. His death occurred in Ohio, in October, 1869, at the age of sixty- r WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 603 nine years. The mother still living, and makes her home with our sub- ject, and although nearly eighty years of age, enjoys good health. Their family consisted of seven children, and James E. was the third in or- der of birth. Abel, the eldest of the family, was an old settler of Kan- sas City, Mo., and Wyandotte County. He was a Union soldier, and was captured, but only retained a short time. James E. was married January 12, 1870, to Miss Annie Taylor, only daughter of John and Sarah A. Taylor, old settlers of Kansas City, Mo., and natives of Eng- land. To Mr. and Mrs. Fisher were born five children, all living: Kate, Jessie, Allan, Charles and John. Mr. Fisher is a Republican in his political views, but prefers for office an honest man, to a corrupt scheming politician, of whatever party or profession. Frank A. Forsberg. The popular grocery store belonging to this gentleman was established in the month of April, 1884, and is one of the many tine houses of this city which appeals strongly to public fa- vor. Mr. Forsberg was born in Nye Jonkoping Lan, Sweden, August 20, 1858, the name of his parents being Anders Johnson and Mary Stina Johnson, their marriage taking place about 1840, which resulted in time in the birth of seven children: Jonas August, Anders John, Lena Christina, Mary Louisa, Peter Alfred, Frank Anderson and Charles Edward. All the sons came to America and now reside in the United States. Jonas August and Anders John crossed the ocean in 1869, and the former now resides in Scandia, Kas., and the latter in Kansas City, Mo. Peter Alfred came to America in 1871, and also resides in Scandia, Kas. The two youngest sons, Frank Anderson and Charles Edward, came to America in May, 1880, and both now reside in this city. The two daughters still reside in Sweden, the parents both living there also. The father is a farmer by occupation, and is considered one of the leading citizens in the community in which he resides. The subject of this sketch was reared to manhood in his native land and between the ages of eight and sixteen he at- tended school, obtaining a good practical education. In early life, when not in school, he worked upon his father's farm, and at the age of twenty one years, he served one year in the Government military serv- ice. When he came to the United States, he lacked a few months of being twenty-two years old. He and his brother Charles left Gothen- burg on April 16, 1880, and sailed to Hull, England, thence by rail to Liverpool, where, on April 21, they embarked on the steamer '' Repub- lic," which reached New York on May 1. They came at once to Kan- sas City, Kas. , which place they reached on May 8, and here have re- i) '>y 604 HISTORY OF KANSAS. sided ever since. During the first three and a half years of his res- idence he was in the employ of the Armour Packing Company, and for the five succeeding months he acted as bartender for his brother John. Since the month of April, 1884, he has been in business for himself and his grocery establishment was first located at No. 171 North James Street. He has devoted his whole attention to his business since that time, and now has one of the finest and most complete establishments of the kinel in the city. Since April 1, 1889, he has been established at No. 66 North James Street. He has always been very courteous to his customers, and as he has always been a gentleman of keen business abil- ity, and keeping but the best of goods, his trade has rapidly increased. His business for the year of 188U, amounted to over $19,000. In No- vember, 1889, he purchased a grocery store at No. 429, Osage Avenue, Armourdale, and has since conducted it also. He was married on Au- gust 16, 1886, to Miss Matilda Louisa Johnson, who was also born in Sweden, on May 22, 1864. Her father's name was John Peterson, and he with her mother, still resides in Sweden. She came to Amer- ica in 1883, and has borne her husband one child, Matilda Christena, born on November 15, 1888. Mr. Forsberg is a member of the Scan- dinavian Society, and in politics is a Republican. He is one of the honorable business men of the city, and is in every respect worthy the success he has attained. James Fitzgerald is a well-known market-gardener of this county, and makes a specialty of raising potatoes, from thirty to thirty-five acres being annually devoted to this crop. He does general farming also, and owns about forty acres of land, upon which are a good residence and barn. He was born in the "Emerald Isle," in the month of April, 1828, and, after remaining there iintil he attained to man's estate, he determined to seek a home in the New World, and accord- ingly came to the United States, March 1, 1849, and spent two years in the State of Massachusetts. He then removed to Illinois, where he was engaged in farming, until 1859; then went to Kansas, where he has been ever since. He has always been public spirited and enter- prising, and has done his full share in the improvement of this section of the country, and has always been ranked among its honest and trustworthy citizens. The country was almost a wilderness when he first came here, and the land on which the present town of Kansas City is located belonged to an Indian. Mr. Fitzgerald lived in Kansas City, Kas., for seven years, and in 1866 made the purchase of his present property, it being then heavily covered with timber and with 'y t % WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 605 no road leading to it. In 1867 Mr. Fitzgerald was married to Miss Ellen O'Connell, of Ireland, their union taking place in Tazewell County, 111., and to tliem a family of ten children were born: Mary (wife of John Gittons), Honora, Thomas, James, John, Patrick, Mor- ris, Michael, Edward and Joseph. Mr. Fitzgerald is independent in politics, and in local politics votes for the man irrespective of party. He has been a member of the school board for seven years; has held the office of supervisor, and he and his family are members of the Roman Catholic Church. Dr. T. Fitzhugh, physician, Armourdale, Kas. The professional minds of physicians may be divided into two separate classes, aptly designated the perceptive and the memorative. To one class belongs those whose medicinal knowledge and perception depends upon mem- ory; to the other, those who depend chiefly upon their own conscious resources and mingle them with their own judgment. To those ac- quainted with Dr. Fitzhugh it is unnecessary for us to state to which class he belongs. He was born in Middlesex County, Va., in March, 1836, and is the son of Phillip and Mary (Aylett) Fitzhugh, natives of King William County, Va. The Fitzhugh family is de- scended from Lord Fitzhugh, of North Ireland. Three younger brothers emigrated to America, in 1642, and two settled below Alexan- der, Va., and one near Hagerstown, Md. The family took very little part in the Revolutionary troubles. The paternal grandfather raised a company in Caroline County, Va., and made his son, Phillip, cap- tain of the company, in 1812. The latter served through the war. The Grandfather died in Virginia where he had followed farming. The father of our subject was also a farmer, and also died in Virginia, as did the mother. They were the parents of ten children, eight of whom grew to maturity: Patrick H. , John H. , Phillip A., La Fayette H. , Edgar R., Mary E. and Lucy. Four are now living. Dr. T. Fitzhugh, the youngest child now living, attained his growth in Vir- ginia, received his education in Richmond, and at an early age began the study of medicine, graduating from that well-known and far- famed institution, the Virginia Medical College, at Richmond, in 1859. He then began practicing in Matthews County, Va. , and there remained until the breaking out of the war in 1861. He immediately enlisted in Matthew's cavalry as a jsrivate, was soon after elected lieutenant, and served on Gen. D. H. Hill's staff, afterward Riply staff. Subsequenty he was promoted to the rank of captain of Com- pany F, Fifth Regiment, and was mustered out of service with the ^ *|^ !2L 606 HISTORY OF KANSAS. title of major. He was -wounded at Culpeper by a gun-sbot in the right leg, and his brother, Patrick H. , was killed in front of Petersburg. At the close of service the Dcctor returned to Accoruack County, Va. , re- maining there engaged in the practice of his profession until 18S3, when be came west and located in Indianapolis, Ind. From there he went to Texas, and in 1887 be located in Kansas City, Mo. In 1888 be removed to Armourdale, Kas. , and there be has since remained engaged in an active practice. He is a first-class physician and sur- geon, and has an extensive practice. He was a member of the Texas Medical Society, and is a member of the Masonic fraternity. To his marriage have been born three children: Edgar H., John G. and Lula K. The Aylett family, of which the mother of our subject was a de- scendant and granddaughter of Patrick Henry of Revolutionary fame, is among the old an representative families of Virginia, and none were more highly esteemed. Indeed the family may claim, by inter-mar- riage, connection with all those of prominence in Virginia. The Aylett family claim to be descendants of a companion of William the Conqueror, sons of whom obtained lands in Cornwall. The etymology of the name of Aylett is a sea-cow or Cornish chough, from their hav- ing three Ayletts on their shield, and thus they obtained their name. Robert Aylett, master in chancery, was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, -where in 1614 he commanded LL. D. He published some works in London from 1822 until 1854. Capt. Aylett, according to the accounts kept in the family, was lord of Magdalene Lanor, and suffered severely for King Charles. He spent £700 per annum in that service. He acted as one of the commanders at Colchester, at the siege, and was sentenced to be shot, but escajaed in female disguise. However, he was recaptured but purchased his own life from the Parliament for £460, and was pardoned. Charles II. commissioned him to surprise Chepston Castle, and to be governor of the same. Here he was betrayed and made prisoner until the restoration made him free. In 1656 Capt. John Aylett, from Essex County, England, came to Vir- ginia, and was appointed to survey his county in Virginia, in 1660. The King afterward awarded him a large tract of land in the North- ern Neck, and it was also ascertained that bis descendants inter-mar- ried with the Lees, Washingtons and Custer families. In 1684 Charles II. granted him a patent of 20,000 acres of land in what is now King William County, Va. , and his son William went to reside on it in 1686, that it was inherited by bis son. William, represented King William County, in the House of Burgesses, in 1723 and 1726, and his \ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 607 wife was called Lady Aylett and kept a sumptuous establishment. Col. William Aylett, assistant commissary-general of Virginia, in the Revolutionary War, furnished supplies to the army, such as blankets, clothing, etc., from his own private means to the amount of about S80,000, giving bis individual bonds io payment, the settlement of which after his death exhausted his estate. The general Government assumed the indebtedness, which has never been reimbursed. Mrs. Augusta (Steinbeck) Frank, the widow of George S. Frank, and a lady of culture and refinement, is now a resident of State Ave- nue, Wyandotte County, Kas. She was born in Hanover, Ger- maoy, on August 6, 1836, and was the younger of two children, the sister, Minnie, now deceased. Her father was a very wealthy gentle- man and was retired. He is now deceased. The mother, who was also a native of Hanover, Germany, is also deceased, and Mrs. Frank is the only survivor of her family. She obtained her education in the common schools of her native land, and has ever been interested in all educational matters. She was united in marriage to Mr. George S. Frank in October, 1850, and to them were born two children, a son and daughter: George A. (who married Miss Catherine Schack, and is a mechanic by tradej, and Sophia R. (who resides in Wyandotte, and is the wife of J. N. Frye, a barber by trade). Mrs. Frank has ever contributed liberally of her means to all worthy movements, and is a friend to the needy and helpless. She lost her dear companion on August 13, 1885, after they hadlived together thirty-five hapjjy years, and he lies buried in Oak Green Cemetery, where a beautiful and tasty monument, erected by his wife, marks his last resting place. His presence will ever be sadly missed by his lonely wife and children, for he was a good man in every sense of the word. Mrs. Frank has been a resident of Wyandotte since 1807, and has witnessed the marvelous growth that has taken place in the city since that time. She is the owner of a frame residence, a brick place of business on Minnesota Avenue, and also quite a number of vacant lots. As far as she knows at the present she expects to make this place her future home and here, surrounded by her numerous friends and acquaintances, will pass the remainder of her days. Mr. Frank was born in Bavaria, Germany, and came to America when a mere boy, followed the trade of a barber and accumulated considerable wealth. He was a Demo- crat in politics, and his aim was to support men of principle and honor. He was held in high respect by all acquainted with him. He was a lover of secret organizations, a member of the I. O. O. F., ^1 also other lodges, aad was very prominent in such organizations. He was well educated in the German language, and was an energetic and thorough man of business, his relations being of an honorable and upright character. Burtis L. French is one of the honorable and upright young busi- ness men of Kansas City, Kas. , and is at jaresent foreman of the hide cellar for Swift & Co. He was born at Stockbridge, AVindsor County, Vt., November 21, 1864, a son of Warren L. and Mary E. (Abbott) French, both natives of that town and State, the former's birth oc- curring in 1835, and the latter's in 1836, their marriage taking place in 1857, and resulting in the birth of two sons, of whom Burtis L. is the younger. The elder, George F., is foreman of the hide cellar foi; Swift & Co , at Omaha, Neb., and is now thirty years of age, his birth having occurred on April 1, 1860. Both parents are living, their home still being in Stockbridge, Vt., the father being a successful and honorable tiller of the soil. Burtis L. French was reared and edu- cated in the town of his birth, being an attendant of the schools of that place from the time he was seven until he was seventeen years old, and being quick to grasp new ideas, and possessing a retentive memory, he made rapid progress in his studies, and upon leaving school possessed a good practical education. In 1883 he came west to Chicago, and at once entered the employ of Swift & Co., and has continued with this firm up to the present time, being one of their trusted employes. He acted as hide inspector six months, hide weigher three years, and in the fall of 1886 was transferred to Oma- ha, and was made foreman of the hide cellar at that j)lace for Swift & Co., a position he retained until February, 1887, when he was sent to Kansas City, and here has since remained. He is a young man of ex- ceptionally good habits, and is an earnest and consistent member of the Universalist Church. He has always taken a deep interest in the political afPairs of the country, and is a stanch member of the Republican party. His duties are being discharged to the entire satisfaction of his employers, and their confidence in his ability has not been misplaced. Benjamin Friedberg, of the Electric Light Plant of Kansas City, Kas., is a native of Russia, and of Hebrew blood. He came to Amer- ica at the age of seventeen years, being then unable to speak the English language, and for about six months resided in the city of New York. He then sold goods in that State for about a year and a half, and although he had but 35 cents on reaching this county, he WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 609 did fairly well, and had bv that time saved enough to enable him to come to Kansas City, Kas", in 1870. He joined a brother here, and the same vear they leased a lot, put up a store building, and until 1874 conducted a dry goods store. They then went to Missouri, thence to Chicago, and during the great tire in that city in 1871, they lost all they had accumulated. Later they went to Independence, Kas., thence to Fort Worth, Tex., and while merchandising in this placJ they made considerable money. Their next location was in Silver Cliff, Colo., but the place proved to be a failure, and they once more lost all their possessions. They then came to Wyandotte Kas., with the intention of making this jjlace their permanent abode, and up to 1884 they were successful dry goods merchants. Their chief business, however, was real estate, and in this Benjamin has been ex- ceptionallv successful, and is still engaged in speculating. He biiilt the Electric Light Plant, and in September, 1889, opened operations, the plant being the strongest for its age in the United States. The total expense of the same was about 1132,000, and he has 150 miles of wire. He runs both the incandescent and arc lights, and operates in nearly all parts of the city. He is one of the foremost men in all public enterprises in the city, and having the interests of the same at heart he is very liberal with his means and time. He was married in New York to Miss Annie Rosenthall, a Prussian belonging to the Hebrew race. They have five children: Harry, May, Estella, Frank and Edith. Charles E. Gabelman. general superintendent of the Keystone Iron Works, Kansas City, Kas. Mr. Gabelman is another of the many prominent citizens of Kansas City, Kas., who is of foreign birth, hav- ing been born in Germany, near the old and renowned city of Leipsic, Saxony, on May 14, 1847, and he was third in a family of live children- four sons and one daughter— who are named as follows: Max (died at the age of twelve years), Alexander P. (married and resides in Schuy- ler County, Mo., where he is engaged in farming and stock-raising), Helen (resides in Eustace, Fla., is engaged in merchandising, and is the owner of an orange grove), and Benjamin F. (who died at the age of two years). The father was a native of Germany, and is now de- ceased. He was an officer in the German army and was a merchant during the latter part of his life. His father served in the Eebellion. Charles E. Gabelman had very meager advantages for an early educa- tion, but he improved his spare moments and prepared himself to enter college, of which Prof. George W. Graves was president, and there ~a "V^ . ^t-— _ ^^k. 610 HISTORY OF KANSAS. remained almost three years. He is a great friend of education and good schools. He commenced life for himself at the early age of fourteen years as a farmer boy, and when sixteen years of age entered the service of the United States, enlisting at first in Farmington, Iowa, in the Home Guards, but in 1863 he entered the regular service as a volunteer in Company A, Forty-fifth Iowa Infantry Volunteers, under Capt. Edwards and Col. Benyman, and was assigned to the Army of the Mississippi Valley. His regiment and company were engaged in the following battles : Greensboro (Tenn. ), Memphis, Pleasant Hill and Moscow. In this action Mr. Gabelman received a bayonet wound in the right leg. He was in the expedition against Forest by Gen. A. J. Smith, and was honorably discharged in 1805. A remarkable thing about this family was that Mr. Gabelman and his father were side by side in the struggle, his brother Alexander, was in the service, and his sister Helen was acting as nurse in the hospital. It was unusual to see so many of one family in the army, and expresses miich as to their patriotism. After returning home from the army Mr. Gabel- man engaged in agricultural pursuits, and afterward entered the machine shops at Quincy, 111., and there served his apprenticeship as a mechanic. In November, 1870, Mr. Gabelman was married to Miss Jennie Murdock, a native of Indiana, horn in 1847, and she received a good education in the common schools and colleges of Illinois. They are the parents of three children, all daughters: Flora (resides with her parents and is a graduate of the high schools of Kansas City, Kas.), Nellie (is fourteen years of age and is attending high school, where she will graduate in 1891; she is a very line musician also), and Edna (who is twelve years of age, and is still in the school-room). Mr. Gabelman is a Republican in politics, and has always exercised his franchise for men of honor and principle. He cast his first presi- dential vote for Abraham Lincoln, the martyr President. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He and Mrs. Gabelman, to- gether with their daughters, are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church and ardent supporters of the same. Mrs. Gabelman is presi- dent of the W. C. T. U. in Kansas City, Kas. They have always given liberally to all worthy enterprises, and are esteemed and respected by all. They expect to make this city their future home, and here surrounded by their many friends, by whom they are respected for their sterling worth and integrity, they will pass their declining years. Mr. Gabelman is a stockholder in the Keystone Iron Works, known throughout the Southwest as the largest institution in the commercial ^1 ^!V WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 611 arena, and a prominent business man. He and wife started on the voyage of life without a dollar, and what they have is the accumula- tion of years, and the result of much hard labor and industry. This is an excellent example for those commencinor life with nothing but willing hands. J. H. Gadd, president of the School Board of Kansas City, Kas. In every country and among all civilized nations, education is conceded to be the lever that lifts men and women from obscurity to fame and fortune, and as the world grows older progress makes rapid strides alike in literary and mercantile circles. Mr. Gadd was born in Union- town, Penn., August, 1833, being the son of John and Jane (Victor) Gadd. The parents were both natives of that State, and the father was engaged at the time of his death, in 1857, on the State works in Pennsylvania. The subject of this sketch continued to reside in his native State until the year 1858, receiving in the meantime only a mod- erate education, and engaging in clerical work. He moved to Alton, 111., accepting a situation in a store at that point, and at a later date taught school in the surrounding county for two terms. In 1871 he moved from Illinois to Kansas City, and was soon employed in the Union Pacific shops at Armstrong, as clerk, and has continued to fill that position up to the present writing. He is time-keeper in that es- tablishment. Mr. Gadd was elected president of the School Board in 1887, and again in 1889, and has at all times and in all ways tilled this responsible position with great satisfaction to the community at large. He was married in the spring of 1858 to Miss Anna E. Gay- ton, also a native of Pennsylvania, and to this union was born one son, John N. Gadd, who at one time made his home in this city. In 1886 Mr. Gadd was called upon to mourn the death of his faithful and lov- ing wife, and has never married again. He is a member of the Dem- ocratic party, and takes an unmistakable interest in public matters. He belongs to the Congregational Church, and he is a member of Summanduwat Lodge No. 3, I O. O. F. Nelson Garcelon is the present commissioner of Wyandotte County, Kas. , and has held other positions of honor and trust in the county, he is unassuming in his demeanor, and is one of the few men whom to meet once is to wish for a more extended acquaintance. He was born in the Pine Tree State, November 1, 1831, his parents, Moses and Clarissa Garcelon, leaving him an orphan in childhood, after which he made his home with his uncle, William Garcelon, of Lewiston, Me., with whom he remained until his twelftli year, at :f^ r 612 HISTORY OF KANSAS. which time the son of that uncle, and his cousin, Alonzo Garcelon, with whom he had been reared as a brother, was elected governor of Maine, on the Greenback ticket. Nelson obtained a good common- school education, and that, with one term spent in an academy, con- stituted his schooling. At the age of nineteen, he went to Minnesota, and for some time resided about 160 miles below St. Paul, and while there cast his first presidential vote for John C. Fremont. After remaining in that State, engaged in the lumber business, until 1858, he, in company with about sixty people, went across the plains, and was in Denver, Colo., when that place consisted of about three houses. He prospected in Colorado until the California gulch was opened, when he went on to that State, and was engaged in mining that sum- mer. He then went south to New Mexico, thence to Colorado, and later came east as far as Topeka, Kas. , where he began building houses, taking a contract later to build houses for the Indians, in Osage County, Kas. For his services the Government was to pay him in gold and silver, but a bill was lobbied through Congress making them take scrip, which was worth about 25 cents on the dollar. Through a man who was furnishing the Government with cattle, Mr. Garcelon became interested in that enterprise, and followed this calling for six years, after which he purchased some land of the Government, in the Dela- ware Reserve, now Leavenworth County, and there made his home, until about 1885, when he came to Wyandotte County and was engaged in contract business solely, until November 5, 1889, when he was elected to his present position, and now, in addition to discharging the duties of his office, he still continues to do contracting, although not on as extensive a scale as formerly. He is the owner of sixteen lots in the town, and is quite well fixed financially. AVhile a resident of Osage County, Kas., he went back to Maine, and was married there to Miss Amanda A. Purington, a native of that State, by whom he has one child, Nelson Edwin, who is a conductor on some Pullman sleeping cars. Mr. Garcelon has always been a Republican in his political views. Allen Garner has devoted his attention to agriculture and horti- culture in Wyandotte County, Kas., since the spring of 1872, and al- though the farm on which he located was almost a wilderness, it has been brought to a fine state of cultivation, and yields large crops. He was born in Missouri, in October, 1829, his Ijrothers and sisters being as follows: Mary (who resides in Kansas), Hannah (who resides at Osawatomie, Kas. ), Louisa (who resides in Franklin, Cou.nty , Kas. ), and Harry (>vbo makes his home with his brother Allen). The parents of these children were both born in Missouri, and are now deceased. The early education of Allen Garner was obtained mostly at night school, but it was a meager one indeed. Notwithstanding this fact, he is the friend of all educational institutions, and firmly believes in the educa- tion of the masses. His marriage, which occurred in January, 18b., was to Miss Anna Patterson, a native of Missouri, and to them the following family of children were born: William (who died in infancy), Allen (aged twenty-six, farming with his father), Frances (who is twenty-four, resides with her parents, and is a young lady of excellent attainments; her early education was received in the common schools, after which she took a course in the graded schools of Kansas City Kas and at Lawrence, Kas., and is now one of the successful school teachers of the county), Mary (aged twenty-two, and is now at- tending the high school of Kansas City), Alma (aged twenty-one) James (a^ed nineteen), Lenora (aged sixteen), Lillie (aged fourteen), Miranda (aged twelve), Victoria (aged eleven) and Birt (aged eight). Mr Garner is a stanch Eepublican, and has always endeavored to support men of principle and honor, his first presidential vote being cast for Gen U. S. Grant. Mrs. Garner is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and both are earnest supporters of principles which tend to elevate mankind, and instill in them the nobler feehngs and aspirations. They have always given liberally of their me^ns to worthy enterprises, and have ever been found ready and willing to lend a helping hand to those less fortunate than themselves. Mr. Garner has seen the remarkable growth of Wyandotte County, for although he came thither later than a great many, yet the country was compara- tively unsettled, and but little cultivation of the land had been done Kansas City, Kas., was a town of 5,000, but now contains over 40,000 souls and remarkable improvements in other respects have been made since he located there. Although he and his worthy wife have passed through many hardships since emigrating thither, they have on the whole been happy, prosperous and contented. He is now the owner of sixty acres of land lying within a mile and a half of the city limits of Kansas City, and although he has been offered large sums of money for it, has invariably refused to sell, for on this place he wishes to spend his declining years, with his wife and children. Albert Garnier, Sr., horticulturist, Kansas City, Kas. Mr. Garnier needs little or no introduction to the people of Wyandotte County, for he is well and favorably known throughout its length and breadth. »' V^ •^ He was l)orn in Baden, Germany, near tbe city of Strasburg, February 19, 1830, and was liftli in order of birth of ten children — five sous and five daughters — six now living. Tbo mother had been married three times, first to Mr. Gamier, then to Mr. Hammaly, and her third marriage was to Mr. Kuene. To the first union there are three chil- dren living: Barbara (resides in Illinois), Jacob (married and resides in Centralia, 111., is a wagon -maker by trade), and our suliject. Of the second union two children are living: Anna,and Stephonie (who resides in 8t. Louis, and is the wife of Charles Stock, who is a cigar-malcer l)y trade). Of the third union only one child is living: Frederick (married and resides in Omaha, where he is following the trade of a cigar-maker). The father of our subject was a native of Alsace, was an officer in the French army, under Napoleon Bonaparte, and was present at the burning of Moscow, Russia. He has been dead fifty- three years. The mother was a native of Baden, and was a lady of education and refinement. The father was a fine brick manufacturer, and his place, which was quite extensive, was torn down during the Kevolution, and on the site a large fort was erected. The largo estate was lost during the war, and part was confiscated, while the remainder was small indeed for division. The mother died in Centralia, 111. , and her remains are interred in the Prairie State. Albert Garnier re- ceived his education principally in German schools, and in 1857 he emigrated from his native land, landed in New Orleans, La., after a tempestuous and terrible voyage of ninety days on a sailing vessel. There were ten in his party, and yellow fever took off nine of these. He came to Centralia, 111., worked in the Illinois Central Kailroad shops for several years, and from Centralia he entered the United States service, working three years for Uncle Sam, as a blacksmith on board the transports or gunboats on the Mississij)pi River. He was honorably discharged, after having served his full time of service. After the war ho engaged in business, became the owner of a nice tract of laud, but he invested with a dishonest partner, and thus lost nearly all he had saved. He emigrated to Kansas City, Mo., in 1800, and August 6 of the same year he was married to Miss Johanna Tex- tor, in Carlyle, 111., by Rev. Secard, in the German Catholic Church. Mrs. (xarnier was born June 24, 18-49, in Minchen, Germany [see sketch of John A. Textor |. She is a lady endowed with great busi- ness tact, intelligonco and acumen. She is highly in favor of all issues which are progressive. She has an excellent mind, and has by her industry and frugality aided her husband greatly in accumulating WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 615 their now largo fortune, most of which thoy have earned by their own hard toil, industry and good business management united. Unto this marriage have been born seven children — live sons and two daughters: Albert J. (resides in Kansas City, Kas. , and is a practical electrician; his place of business is 515 Minnesota Avenue; ho is the gentleman who had charge of all the princiiial electrical work in the principal buildings in Wyandotte and Kansas City, Kas., he is a young man of more than ordinary genius as an electrician, and stands on the top- most round of the ladder of success in that capacity), Frank (is a book-keeper and salesman for William Volker & Co., of Kansas City, Mo. ; he is well educated and is a gentleman of business), Elizabeth (is a well educated young lady, and is a musician, being well informed in this especial accomplishment), William J. (is an apprentice to his brother learning the profession of an electrician; he is an able assist- ant to his brother, and is also a practical key and locksmith), George (who is thirteen years of ago, is attending school), Ernest (who is nine years of age, is also attending school), and Rosina (died in infancy). Mr. and Mrs. Garnier are great supporters and ardent fi-iends of education. In his political views Mr. Garnier affiliates with the Democratic party, but he has never been an active politician. He has aimed to support men of principle and integrity. Mr. and Mrs. Garnier and children are members of the German Catholic Church, and they contribute liberally to all worthy movements. As mentioned above they came to Kansas City, Mo., in 1866, remained there four years, purchased a lot, erected a small house, and with $200 which they had saved, were prepared to launch out in life once more. About this time the boom came in Kansas City, Mo., and they sold their property for $1,400, in trade for the joroperty, that is thirteen acres of it, where they now reside, the balance was bought at $50 and $65 per acre in 1870. They moved on this when the country was almost a wilderness in many portions, and the land consisting of twenty-one and one-eighth acres, is now all under cultivation, and very valuable. They will not take $1,000, per acre for their home at present, and it is only a short time until they will realize much more than $1,000 per acre. They have a neat and comfortable frame residence, good out- buildings, and they raise the following kinds of fruit: Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, Siberian crabs, and plenty of small fruit viz. : Straw- berries, raspberries, currants, gooseberries, etc. Of grapes he has different varieties, but he has two acres in Concords. They have about six acres in line, valuable fruits. Mr. and Mrs. Garnier expect ^' -^^ 616 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. to makp Wyimdotte County their future home, where they are held in the highest regard for their sterling worth and integrity. Dr. J. O. Gaskill, druggist, Argentine, Kas. It is to the skill and science of the druggist that suffering humanity looks for alleviation of pain. The physician may successfully diagnose, but it is the chem- ist who prepares the remedy. When, therefore, as in the case of the gentleman whose name forms the subject of this sketch, the two pro- fessions, namely, that of the physician as well as that of the druggist, ai'e combined, how doubly important becomes the establishment con- ducted by Dr. J. O. Gaskill. This gentleman was born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, on March 29, 1853, and is the son of Andrew and Su- sanna (Lacey) Gaskill, the father a native of England, and the mother of Ohio. Andrew Gaskill was a man of fine intellect, and taught school in the old country. He died when about thirty-two years of age. The mother is also deceased. They were the parents of five children. Dr. Gaskill being nest to the youngest in order of birth. He was principally reared in Sullivan County, Ind. , where he received his education, and began the study of medicine at an early age, gradu- ating at liush Medical College, Chicago, in 1881. After this he be- gan practicing in Plattsburg, Ind., but only remained there six months, although ho practiced his profession in the State until May 1, 1884. He then came to Argentine, Kas., engaged in the drug business, and this he has since carried on. He carries a full line of goods, and is doing a flourishing business. He has retired from his profession, and has turned his attention exclusively to the drug business. He selected as his companion in life Miss Clara Evans, a native of Iowa, and was married to her in 1888. Dr. Gaskill is a member of the City Council, and is also a member of the I. O. O. F. lodge. Charles J. Gebauer. Among the more recent acquisitions to the busi- ness interests of Kansas City, Kas., the drug establishment of which Mr. Gebauer is proprietor has taken a place that one might well think belonged to an older established house. It was July 15, 1888, that he became located at this point, and the stock of goods he carries is only to be found in well-kept, reliable stores. His knowledge of the business was learned in the city of St. Louis, Mo., where he was born April 25, 1859, both his parents dying before ho was two 3'ears of age. Thus left an orphan he was placed in the family of F. W. Heinig, where he had a good home until he reached the age of eighteen years. Mr. and Mrs. Heinig, acting as his foster parents, sent him to the Lutheran parochial schools of St. Louis, and otherwise cared for him as though ^. ^1 WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 617 ho was a child of their own. Mr. Heiaig was a druggist, and in his establishment Mr. G6baner clerked, when not at school, from the time he was old enough until he was eighteen. At that age, or in the fall of 1878, he entered the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and in this institution he completed a full course of pharmacy, graduating July 1, 1880. In the fall of the same year he came west and for about nine months was in the drug store of Aldrich & Brown, in Wichita, Kas., from which place he went toLeadville, Colo., and was employed as drug clerk there for al)out nine months. In 1882 he re- turned to Kansas, and accepted a situation as a clerk in the drug es- tablishment at Topeka of A. J. Arnold, but becoming dissatisfied with that location he, at the end of a year, became an employe of the Myer Brothers' Drug Co., Kansas City, Mo., five and one-half years being spent in their employ. Prior to this he had successfully established two drug stores which are still in existence and in a flourishing con- dition. He next, as above mentioned, established his present store at No. 1612 North Fifth Street, Kansas City, Kas., his place being known as the "L" Pharmacy. He has devoted his attention to the drug business all his life, and is now one of the most competent pharma- cists in the city. His well known knowledge of the business, together with his courteous and accommodating manner, has enabled him to build up a good patronage, and he has also won a large circle of warm friends. He is a purely self-made young man, and owes his success to his good habits and his own personal energy. His establishment is conducted in a business-like manner, and is one of the best in the city. He is a member of the Kansas Pharmaceutical Association, and the Missouri Pharmaceutical Association. On October 5, 1887, he was married to Miss Louisa Gebauer, of Troy, 111., who, although she bore the same name as her husband, belonged to an entirely different fam- ily, and was not related to him in any way. Mr. and Mrs. Gebauer have a son, Arthur, who was born September 2, 1888. Andrew Geiger, fruit-grower, Argentine, Kas. Mr. Geiger, one of the prominent fruit-growers of Shawnee Township, came to Wyan- dotte County, Kas., in 1801, settled on his present farm in 1866, and is now the owner of eighty acres of choice bluff land. On this he has planted as follows: 400 apple trees of some of the best varieties, 30 peach trees, of different varieties, 30 cherry trees. 400 grapevines, a great many blackberry and raspberry bushes, one-half acre in straw- berries, 10 acres in jjotatoes, one-half acre in cabbage, one acre in sweet potatoes, and the balance in meadow and timber. He improved V ^1 ei8 HISTORY OF KANSAS. his place very much, erected a nice, comfortable residence, and has been unusuUy successful. When he first settled on bis farm it was wild land covered with timber, and at one time belonged to an Indian family. The farm is now valued at $800 per acre. He associated with the Indians for about ten years, and always found them peace- ful in their relations. Mr. Geiger is of foreign birth, having been born in Germany, on October 23, 1823, and is the son of F. Geiger, natives also of that country. Our subject remained in his native country until twenty-nine years of age, and then on April 29, 1852, he landed in the United States, going direct to Cincinnati, Ohio. Later he spent considerable time in traveling from place to place, visiting all the important cities, both North and South, and finally, in 18(il, he settled in this State. On March 4, 1864, he was married to Miss Charlotte Borke, a native of Germany, born in 1830. [See sketch of brother.] They have three children: August, William and Frederick. Mr. Geiger is a Republican in his political views, and himself and family are members of the German Methodist Episcopal Church. He is an excellent citizen, and like all his countrymen, is honest and industrious. Joseph Godard is a native of France, and came to the United States in 1863, and has been a resident of Wyandotte County, Kas., since 1866, purchasing, the same year, his present farm of forty acres of Rogers, an Indian chief. This land was well timbered, and Mr. Godard immediately set himself to work to improve it, and was en- gaged in farming until 1876, when he followed the lead of his neigh bors and commenced raising vegetables, making a specialty of pota- toes. He has found this a very profitable business, and almost every year devotes twelve acres to the Early Ohio, the average yield being 115 bushels to the acre. One acre is given to the raising of Flat Dutch cabbage, which produces about 20,000 heads, and he also raises an early variety of sweet corn, and one acre to the Yellow Jersey sweet potatoes. Although his farm is small, it is an excellent size for the business which is now receiving his attention, and being fertile and carefully tilled, it yields a larger annual income than many larger farms. Mr. Godard was born in 1835, and was reared to manhood in the country of his birth, becoming familiar with farm duties during his minority. Before emigrating to this country he was married to Miss Madeline Summers, and to them a family of two children have been born: Alfred, and Jennie (wife of Joseph Momie). Alfred was born on December 18, 1865, on his father's home place in this county. ^ e -^i ^ -" — "k . WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 619 and here he has attained manhood. He was married in 1888, to Miss Irma Godard, and he and his father are liberal in their political views, and vote for the man rather than with any party. They belong to the Catholic Church at Argentine, and have always been public-spirited, charitable and law-abiding citizens. C. H. Gordon (colored), one of the prominent and much respected citizens of Kansas City, Kas., was originally from Todd County, Ky. , his birth occurring near Elkton, in 1834 —a slave. He was nineteen years of age when he moved to Clay County, Mo., and after residing there for some time, moved to Carroll and then Ray County. He came from the last-named county to Kansas, and was a slave until the fall of 1863, when he ran away from his owner and joined the army. He served until 1866, was in the first battle with Gen. Price during the memorable raid in Kansas, was at Bridgeport, Ala., Island No. 10, and was on the gunboat, "James White, '" when she sank. He was wounded at Island No. 10, and for this reason can do but little manual labor. For many years he received a pension of $4 per month from the United States Government, but this has been in- creased to $6 per month. His last battle was at Nashville. He was stationed at Huntsville, Ala., until mustered out of service, was a brave soldier, and served his country faithfully and well. Return- ing to Kansas City after the war, he started out in life a free man, and is now engaged in the real estate business. He has accumulated con- siderable wealth, and is now the owner of sixteen or seventeen lots in town. His marriage with Miss Rosa Gordon, a native of Missouri, who was also a slave at one time, occurred in Kansas City, and the fi'uits of this union have been three children: Susan, Gracy and Mamie. Mr. Gordon is a stanch Republican in politics, and always votes that ticket. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Dr. George M. Gra}' was born in Waukegan, 111., March 4, 1856, to R. M. and Susan (Doust) Gray, the former a native of Rhode Island and the latter of Massachusetts. They are now residing in Quindaro, Wyandotte County, Kas., whither they moved in 1858. Dr. George M. Gray is the third of their four children, all of whom are living, and since his second year he has been a resident of Wyan- dotte County, Kas. , and is therefore well known to its citizens. His early education was acquired in the public schools, and at the age of nineteen years he secured the position of clerk in T. J. Eaton's drug store in Kansas City, Mo., but at the end of two years he began the study of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. E. W. Schauffler, 1 I S 620 HISTORY OF KANSAS. remaining with him three years, during this time completing a course in the Kansas City Medical College, then known as the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Kansas City. He graduatefl in March, 1879, and in the fall of ihat year entered the Bellevue Hospital Medi- cal College, of New York City, from which he was graduated in March, 1880. He at once located in Kansas City, Kas. , where he has since devoted his time and attention to the practice of his profes- sion, and of this city he is now a leading physician. He was mar- ried, November 21, 1881, to Miss Carrie E. Harlan, a native of Mar- shall, 111., and is a daughter of Howard and Minerva Z. (Byers) Har- lan, and their marriage has resulted in the birth of four children: Alfred H. , a son that died in infancy, Mary A. and Kuth M. Of Ihcse named Alfred H., is also deceased. The Doctor is an Odd Fel- low, a Republican, and has served one term of two years as coroner of "Wyandotte County, and for five years has been county physician, being now the incumbent of the of&ce. He is a member of the East- ern District Medical Society, the Kansas State Medical Society, and is one of the surgeons to St. Margaret's Hospital. David J. Griest is a well-known lumber dealer and a prominent and honored citizen of Kansas City, Kas. He was born in Chester County, Penn. , January 24, 1836, to Jacob and Eebecca (Weaver) Griest, their births also occurring there, he being the fourth of six children born to them, four of this family being now alive. The mother of these children died in 1841, and their father afterward married Miss Mary Phillips, her death occurring in 1871, and his in 1869. David J. Griest spent his youth and early manhood in his native State, his siimmers being devoted to farm labor, and his winters to attending the district school near his home. Upon attaining his fourteenth year he hired out as a farmer's boy, but at the age of sixteen years he began learning the carpenter's trade, and served a three-years' ap- prenticeship under AVilliam Koss, of Lancaster County, Penn. For one year after his apprenticeship was completed he worked at his trade, under instruction, in the State of Maryland, but in 1856 came west, to Warsaw, HI., and was there' engaged in working at his trade until after the close of the presidential campaign of that year, when he went to Memphis, Tenn., and in that jalace and vicinity he spent about eight months. In 1857 he returned to Illinois, and made his home in the town of Bloomington until the spring of 1859, at which time he went to Pike's Peak, Colo., and during the nine years which followed he was chiefly engaged in the freighting business throughout ^ *-^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 621 Colorado, Utah, Montaaa and California, at the same time giving some attention to mining. In the latter part of 1867 he returned to his old home in Chester County, Penn.. and was there married, on New Year's day, 1868, to Miss Sarah Mathews, an old sweetheart. Soon after this event he removed to Leavenworth, Kas., and during a two years' residence there was engaged in stock dealing. In 1870 he re- moved to Jefferson County, Kas., where he tilled the soil until 1872, then formed a partnership with Robert Garrett, of Leavenworth, in the lumbei; business, and from that time until 1881 their interests were in Winchester, where they operated a first-class yard, and did a good business. Since the last-named date he has been a resident of Kansas City, Kas., and the firm, which is composed of himself and Robert Garrett, has one of the best and most successfully conducted lumber yards in the city. Their business partnership has existed for about eighteen years, and their relations have always been most amicable and harmonious. Mr. and Mrs. Griest are the parents of seven chil- dren: Harry, Jessie, Sue, Edith, Frankie, Chester and Jennie. Mr. Griest is a stanch Republican, is a member of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, and socially, belongs to the A. F. & A. M. and the I. O. O. F. He has always devoted his attention strictly to the management of his business affairs, and has been correspondingly prosperous. He pos- sesses excellent habits, and is highly respected by all. G. M. Griffin is the proprietor of the Club Stables of Kansas City Kas. ; was born in Blue-Grass soil, October 5, 1858, and until he was thirteen years of age, his home was in his native State, his parents then moving to Newton County, Mo. , where they made their home for six years, then returned to Kentucky and took up their residence at Bardstown Junction, in Bullitt County, and here G. M. Griffin made his home until he attained his majority. Prior to his thirteenth year, he had attended the schools of Danville, but that was all the school- ing he received. The father, Cary A. Griffin, was a Virginian, but after he had attained his eighteenth year he removed to Kentucky and settled in Greene County, where he followed the occupation of a farmer and tobacco raiser, being also a merchant of the latter, and pressed nearly all the tobacco raised in that section of the State. Cary A. Griffin, the father of George M., lost his fortune by embark- ing in the cotton business, just prior to a time which proved disas- trous to all who had means largely invested in that staple. The age of sixty-five years found himself penniless, or nearly so, with a fam- ily of four sons and four daughters. He then came west, locating in ' >f i -.^ V^f 622 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Newton County, Mo., but the separation from his old friends and the hardships of the West were so detrimental to his health that his family took him back to Kentucky, but he only lived a year and a half. Dur- ing this time G. M. Griffin and his brother, E. M. , had the care of the family, but after the death of their father, they again came West with their mother, four sisters and one brother, and for three years made their home in Dade County. Mo. G. M. Griffin was fortunate in raising a large crop, but sold it and went to Chicago with his sisteri who secured employment with the Bradstreet Mercantile Company, and he acted as shijjping clerk for Iveson, Blakemon, Taylor & Co., remain- ing with them twelve months. Shortly after, he came to Kansas City, then went to Texas for a grain commission company, and was in that State two years. He then left them to take charge of Vale, Minor & Co.'s stage line, from Caldwell, Kas. , to Fort Reno, Indian Terri- tory, and had charge of the same duiing the star-route troubles. After following this occupation for thirteen months, he built a stable in Fort Reno, and after conducting the same with success for two years, he came to Kansas City, where he has since lived. He was in the employ of the Kansas City Cable Railway for eighteen months, the " L" Rail- road for fourteen months, and has since devoted his attention to his present business, which is prospering. He has over fifty boarding horses, besides sixteen head of his own, and all are in excellent condi- tion, and are ever found ready for use, and his conveyances and vehi- cles correspond. He is a painstaking, energetic and enterprising gen- tleman, and under his supervision there is little doubt but that his. establishment will be even more popular than it already is. His mar- riage, which took place in Kansas City, Mo., in 1880, was to Miss Maggie P. Gentry, and by her he has two children: Ella and George M. , Jr. His wife is a Kentuckian, and is a member of the Gentry family, well known in that State and in Missouri. Mr. Griffin's great- grandfather was born in Wales, and at an early day came to America and settled in Virginia. Mr. Griffin is a Democrat. Mrs. Annie Marthall Grinter, subject of the present sketch, is the widow of Moses R. Grinter, who departed this life in the year 1878. His remains rest in Grinter' s Chapel Cemetery, and his grave is marked by a beautiful and costly monument, which was erected to his memory by his loving and devoted widow. Mr. Grinter was a Democrat in poli- ties, and a strong supporter of Jefferson ianism, casting his first presi- dential vote for Gen. George B. McClelland. Both Mr. and Mrs. Grinter were devout and faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal -C (S r- -^ S, >y I^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 623 Church, Sout.h, and have at all times and in every possible way aided religious causes. They passed about forty years of married life to- gether, and VFere equally popular and highly respected in the com- munity where they resided. Since death has deprived her of the loved companion, Mrs. Grinter resides in her elegant brick residence, and being in good financial circumstances lives happily and quietly, sur- rou.nded by a host of admiring friends and her children. She is gen- erally held in high esteem, and loved for her kindly disposition and beautiful character. Her present residence is in Wyandotte Town- ship, Wyandotte County, Kas. She was a member of the Delaware tribe, and was born on January 8, 1820, in Miami County, Ohio. Her father was a trader in Indiana, and to her parents were born eight children — four sons and four daughters — viz. : John M. (deceased), Anna (the subject of this sketch), Jane (deceased), Samuel (deceased), Polly (widow of H. Tiblow, and lives in Indian Territory), Samuel (who died in early infancy), William (who died in early manhood), Rosanna (who makes her home in Perryville, Kas., and is the wife of James C. Grinter, a farmer by vocation. She is the youngest child of the family. The subject of this sketch received her educational train- ing in the Osage Mission, but is exceedingly liberal in all her views, and a ready supporter of all schools, and a willing contributor to pub- lic matters of merit. She was married to Moses R. Grinter in Janu- ary, 1886, and to this union were born ten children — four sons and sis daughters — six of whom are dead. Those living at the present writ- ing are Frances C. (wife of John C. Grinter, and resides in Wyandotte Township; they have had seven children, two of whom are dead, and live living), Mary Jane (widow of A. P. Defries, and who makes her home in Wyandotte County), Martha V. (resident of Nebraska City, Neb., and wife of H. C. Kirby, who is a Methodist minister), C. R. Grinter (who married Miss Elizabeth Sherly, of Penn. , and is a farmer by occupation, and resides in Wyandotte County), W. H. H. (who is dead; he served in the late war, being at first a private, and belonging to Company E, Fifteenth Volunteer Cavalry; he served his coimtry faithfully and well and was discharged after fighting nobly foi' Uncle Sam). Mrs. Grinter lives upon a historical spot of ground. Her husband and his brother, J. C. Grinter, were Kentuckians, and kept the ferry that was the place of crossing for the immense amount of travel between Kansas City and the mountains. It was at this point that Gen. Fremont crossed on his forced march across the great plain. They kept here a store and blacksmith shop for the Indians, v*- k. 624 HISTORY OF KANSAS. and it was also a voting precinct. At tlie time when Mr. and Mrs. Grinter settled in Kansas it was nothing more than a wilderness, there being no trace of civilization to be seen. The great bustling scene of enterprise, Kansas City, Mo., was then only a steamboat landing, and Kansas City, Kas. , was indeed a dreary spot, without even one log- cabin to indicate the great popularity it was afterward to attain. C. F. Gilliford is a young gentleman well and favorably known throughout Wyandotte Township, Kas. He is a native of this county, his birth occurring in June, 1863, and is the eldest of the three children born to his jiarents. The next child, George, died at the age of eighteen, after receiving a good education at the common schools, and Joseph is living at home at the present writing, is twenty-four years old, and a farmer by occupation. Mr. Gilliford' s father, Col. Joseph Gilliford, was a native of Pennsylvania, was a farmer, and a grad- uate from the mercantile and business college in Pittsburgh, Penn. The subject of this sketch remained at the paternal home until his marriage to Miss Mollie A.. Rearden, of Missouri. She was born in 1868, and received an education in the public schools. Her parents are of Irish descent, and are now residents of this county, the father being a successful agriculturist. In politics Mr. Gilliford's sjan- pathies are decidedly with the Democratic partj', and he cast his first vote for Cleveland, of whom he is still an enthusiastic admirer. Tak- ing an active part in all elections, he has been a delegate to the county contentions. Though quite a young man, his principles and convic- tions do justice to his judgment, and he is prominent in the afPairs of the neighborhood in which he resides. Mrs. Gilliford is a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and both she and her husband are always willing to aid any just cause, and support worthy institutions. Hav- ing resided in this county since his birth, Mr. Gilliford is familiar with the numerous and oftentimes wonderful changes that have been made here during late years, especially the remarkable booms in 1881 and 1887. At one time he attended the graded schools and normal school in Trenton, Penn., where he laid the foundation for an excellent edu- cation, and fitted himself for the practical issues of life. During one year of the time passed in Pennsylvania, where he was engaged in Alleghany City, and after his return home devoted his atten- tion to agriculture, which he intends to make the occupation of his life. Possessing an abundant supply of money he will be enabled to carry out his ideas successfully, and will at an early date build a beautiful home, and locate permanently. Mr. Gilliford is a bright t ^4> WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 625 young business man, and a has promising future before bim, and a sufficient amouut of determination to put ideas into effect. Hon. Sanford HafF needs no introduction to the citizens of Wyan- dotte County, Kas. , for he has long resided there and has become well known throughout this as well as the surrounding counties. He is a practical farmer by avocation and is a native of Sanduskj^ County, Ohio, whore he was born on September 15, 1837, being the eldest of nine children, whose names are as follows: Sanford (the eldest, as already stated), Edward (who is a farmer of Michigan and is married), Elisha (who is married and engaged in farming in Sandusky County, Ohio), Reuben (who is also married and engaged in farming in that State), Maliuda (who is the wife of A. J. Lewis, a tiller of the soil of Sandusky County, Ohio), Betsey (who is the wife of William Whit- taker, a farmer of the above-named county), Fred (who is married and farming in Ohio), Belle (who is the wife of D. A. Haff- ner, an attorney-at-law of Clyde, Ohio), and Bird (who also re- sides in Ohio, is married and is an agriculturist). The par- ents of these children were born in New York State, the father being an agriculturist by occupation, and he was also a true and tried soldier in the Revolutionary War. Ho was a very successful man of business, and at his death, which occurred when he was about seven- ty-one years of age, he left an e.state valued at about $100,000. He was educated in the old subscription schools of Ohio, his wife receiv- ing a portion of her education in them also, but afterward finished her learning in an academy of Melmore, Ohio. Mr. Haff's early ad- vantages were acquired in the old subscription schools, but he later at- tended a select school in which he received a higher education, which admirably fitted him for the duties of life. He has always been inter- ested in the cause of education, and even now is a constant and persis- tent reader, keeping thoroughly posted on all the current issues of the day. Upon leaving the select school above mentioned, he took a course in Oberlin College, Ohio, after which, at the age of twenty-two years, he commenced life for himself as an agriculturist. His property at this time consisted of eighty acres of land, on which no improvements had been made, but he owed $500, so his prospects for the future were not at all promising. He, however, possessed much courage and en- terprise, and set energetically to work to pay his obligation and improve his farm, and so successful was he in this that he was soon out of debt and has his farm in excellent condition for successful agricultural purposes. He was married in 1860 to Miss Eunice E. Lewis, a native sp of Ohio, her education being received in an academy of that State, and to them three children were born: Millie (who died at the age of fonr years), Hiram (aged two at the time of his death) and Jay (who resides in Clyde, Ohio, and is making law his profession). Mr. Haff lost his wife and his two children by diphtheria, inside of three weeks, and they now sleep in a cemetery in Ohio, where a beautiful monument is erected to their memory by a loving husband and father. Mr. Haff was married a second time, in 1870, to Mrs. Mary (Garrett) Gilliford, a na- tive of Wyandotte County, Ohio, her education being received in Kenyon Seminary, Ohio, a school for young ladies. She is a refined and high- ly educated lady and has proven an excellent wife and a model mother. Of the three children born to herself and husband, only one is now living, Fred, who is fourteen years of age. Willie, died at the age of four years, and Nina at the age of two. In the spring of 1862 Mr. Haff enlisted in Company K, One Hundredth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered into service at Toledo, Ohio, as first Lieutenant, being assigned to the Army of the Cumberland, his regiment afterward being engaged principally in skirmish line work. After being in the service about eighteen months he resigned his lieutenancy to a com- rade and retired from the service, owing to his failing health. Upon returning home he devoted his time to raising forces for the "100 day" men, after he had regained his normal health and did some ef- fective work in this direction. He has always affiliated with the Democrat party, and has always upheld the true principles of Jeffer- sonianism, and his first presidential vote was cast for Stephen A. Douglas. He has held the position of Representative in the Legisla- ture three terms in succession, which stamps him as a man in whom the people repose the utmost confidence. Some of the successful measures which he fully advocated and pressed to a successful issue are as follows: The compelling of the railroads to pay full value for all stock killed, and the dividing up of the time of paying taxes, which greatly benefited all the tax-payers. He read law with Hon. Charles S. Glick, a brother of Gov. Glick, and was admitted to the bar. He is a Mason,, a member of the G. A. R. , belonging to Burnside Post No. 28, of Wyandotte, Kas. , in the latter organization, which is in a very flourishing condition. Mr. and Mrs. Haff are supporters of all laud- able enterprises, and are among the best of the county's numerous worthy citizens. In the spring of 1868 Mr. Haff came to this county, and although the prospect was not very promising to early settlers, his worldly goods have continued to increase, and he was at one time the ^^ >?-. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 627 owner of 142 acres of land, but sold 105 acres for 1450 per acre, but still owns 37 acres of valuable land. Mrs. Haff was the widow of Col. Joseph Gillitord, of Pennsylvania, by whom she had three sons: For- rest (the eldest, is a farmer, is married), George (died at the age of eighteen years), and Joseph (who is single, resides at home and is fol- lowing farming for a living). Mrs. Nancy Garrett, a relative of Mrs. HafF, came with the Wyandotte Indians from Ohio to Wyandotte County, Kas. , in 1843. Her father, William W^alker, was born in North Carolina, and was taken prisoner by the Delaware Indians in 1776, at the age of eight years, and was sold by this tribe to the Wyandotte Indians at Detroit, Mich., and with this tribe he continued to reside imtil his death in 1825, marrying after reaching maturity, one of the tribe. He is the father of all the Walkers that settled in Wyandotte County, Kas. Henry Hafner, of Kansas City, Kas., was born in Prussia, Ger- many, in 1841, a son of Henry and Hannah (Ismirt) Hafner, the former of whom was a butcher by trade, and is still following that occupation. The mother is deceased. By this wife the father had two children, but after her death he married again and became the father of twelve children. Henry Hafner came to America when he was twenty-eight years old, at which time he could not speak the English language, although he had received an excellent education in German, and had learned the French language, while residing in that country for some time. He was in the war of 1869, against Austria, taking part in the noted battles of Hennerwasser and Keoinggreatz, and served until the close of that war. He had previously served in the regular army of the country, but had gone to France to escape further service, re- maining in that country from 1866 to 1869. Upon reaching the United States, he located near Buffalo, N. Y. , and was there married, two months later, to Miss Ametia Ismert, who was born in New York, but her death occurred in 1874, after having borne two children: Julia, and Eugene. Soon after his marriage Mr. Hafner came to Kansas City, Kas., and for fifteen years followed the trade of a butcher in this city, at which he made considerable money. In 1875 he espoused Miss Kate Stewart, and five children have blessed their union: Georgia, Albert, Fred, Elna and Helena. Mr. Hafner purchased considerable property while in business, upon which he built houses at different times and sold them, and this has proved a very profitable enterprise, making him a wealthy man. He is recognized as one of the solid busi- ness men of the city, and his views are shrewd and intelligent. He h4, _ ,> ^6 1- ^* e > ^ A 628 HISTORY OF KANSAS. is a Democrat, politically, and is an earnest member of the Koman Catholic Church. He belongs to the Catholic Mutual Benefit Associa- tion, and at all times supports the measures of this order. O. D. Hall is vice-president of the American Land Trust Company of Kansas City, Kas. He is a man possessing many sterling business principles, and may be said to be making a success of his life. His birth occurred in Rush County, Ind., in 1856, but in 1870 he came with his parents to Kansas, located in Marshall County, and was there reared and educated, and save all but birth, is a purely western man. He received the advantages of a high-school education, although his parents had a hard time to make a living the first few years after their arrival here, but he assisted them in their farming operations in every way that he could until 1878, then moved to Waterville, Kas., and be- came a clerk in a bank, a position he retained six years, after which he was promoted to the position of cashier. Soon after, he assisted in organizing the Commercial Bank of Waterville, and after acting as cashier of the same for some time, he purchased out the other stock- holders, and finally became proprietor of the whole establishment. His salary on first starting out in business was $30 per month, but from time to time he invested his earnings in real estate, and is now one of the wealthy men of the county. He sold his bank in 1888, and until he came to Kansas City, Kas. , he was in the loan business. Since then he has been a member of the present firm, having previously been associated with his partners in the land business for many years. The members of this company control all the stock in the Husted Minnesota Avenue Building Company, and have the entire con- trol over 100,000 acres of Texas lands, in the northern and central portions of the State, and sell to actual settlers. Mr. Hall was mar- ried in early manhood to Miss Katie Rodacker, a native of Ohio, and two children have been born to their marriage: Lyman A. and Carl. Mr. Hall's parents were born in Indiana, the mother being a Kelly, and of Irish descent. The father speculated in stock and provisions during the war, which he furnished to the army, but was only in the ninety days' service, being then honorably discharged. Mr. Hall, the subject of this sketch, began life a poor boy, and by superior business management he has been more than ordinarily successful, and is now a member of one of the leading land and trust companies in the county. Edward H. Hambee. There is nothing so markedly shows the strength and prosperity of Kansas City's trade as the number of large f .^^~- :±=lhL, 1 WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 629 concerns engaged in handling the necessaries of life, and prominent among them is the grocery establishment belonging to Mr. Hambee, located at No. 274 North Seventh Street, and was erected in 1888. Mr. Hambee was born on a sailing vessel upon the North Sea, between Sweden and England, May 31, 18-48, his father being Edward Ham- bee, and his mother Charlotte Lofstedt, whose marriage occurred about 1846. To them a family of seven children were born, three of whom are now living: Hulda C, Ida H. and Edward H., the former being a resident of Sweden, Ida H. being the wife of Otto Bank, the English consul at Helsingborg. Edward Hambee followed the calling of a sailor, and for as many as twenty five years was captain of various sail- ing vessels, many of which he owned. He was skipper and part owner of the vessel upon which his son, Edward H. , was born, and in early manhood, before his marriage, he had come to America on a prospect- ing tour, and went as far west as California. After spending two years in this country, he returned to Sweden, and throughout his whole life his home was either in or near the city of Kalmer. He held high rank in the Masonic order, and was a member of the Swed- ish Lutheran Church. He died in August, 1860, his widow, who is still living, making her home in Kalmer, Sweden. The subject of this sketch spent his boyhood chiefly upon the sea with his father, but when he had attained his twelfth year his father died, and he com- menced fighting his own way in life as a cabin boy, and thias con- tinued a year and a half. He then returned to his home in Kalmer, and during the winter of 1862-63 went to school. From the spring of the latter year, until the fall of 1865, he sailed on the vessel "Os- car " upon the waters bordering the shores of Europe, serving during this time as an able seaman, but upon his return home at the end of this time, he again entered school, energetically pursuing his studies during the winter of 1865-66. In the spring of the latter year he again went to sea, and from that time until December, 1869, he sailed con- stantly upon British, German and American vessels, and made two trips around the world, the first being in 1866-67, and the last in 1868. He was three times shipwrecked, and upon one occasion only himself and one other of the crew were saved, this being in the Eng- lish Channel in 1866. In December, 1869, he once more returned to his home, and from that time until the following May he took a course in navigation in a school in Kalmer, after which he returned to sea once more, and for two months acted as chief officer on the sailing vessel " Svalan," which sailed upon the Baltic Sea, and of which his — « — shv uncle was captain and owner. The succeeding three months he acted as captain of this vesssel, but in the fall of 1870 he came to America, and the following December put to sea from New York as second offi- cer, but the vessel caught fire and burned after being out at sea two days. Of the twelve who composed the crew six were drowned, the remaining six, among whom was Mr. Hambse, drifted for four days in an open boat. They were finallj^ rescued by a passing vessel, but not until two of the number had frozen to death. Mr. Hambee and his three surviving comrades were taken to New York, where the for- mer soon shipped as second officer upon another vessel, which was used to transport negroes from the United States to Africa, and with it he made two trips to that country. In 1872 he shipped as second officer from New York upon the vessel " Resolute," to the West In- dies, but at San Domingo the vessel was converted into a Cuban man- of-war, and its name was changed to " Pioneer." On June 6, 1872, he was appointed a gunner in the naval service of the Cuban Repub- lic, and during the following months the " Pioneer" was used in the interests of the Cuban independence. Mr. Hambee returned to New York in August, 1872, and for two years was captain of a barge on the Hudson River. Later on he was captain of a canal-boat on Erie canal a few months, and still later he ran a canal-boat of his own for a few months in New Jersey. Selling his boat, he, in the fall of 1874, engaged in the grocery business in Brooklyn, N. Y. , but in the spring of 1875 sold out and came west as far as Chicago, and during the fol- lowing summer sailed on the great lakes. The winter of 1875-70 he conducted a saloon in Chicago, but in the summer of the latter year he once more became a sailor on the lakes. For a year following this he was a contractor of painting in Chicago, but this business he abandoned in the fall of 1877 to go to the Black Hills, where he was engaged in mining for three months. He then went to Leadville, Colo., where he followed the same occupation until 1879, in the fall of which year he came to Kansas City, Mo., and in 1881 to Kansas City, Kas. , dur- ing which year and the succeeding one, he was in the employ of Deer, Mansuer & Co., carriage and implement dealers. In 1883 he entered the employ of Trumbull, Reynolds & Allen, implement manufacturers and dealers, and remained with them three years, one year acting as foreman, and the two years as contractor of paint work. The year following this he was a contractor of house painting, but this calling he gave up in the fall of 1887 to open a grocery establishment on North Seventh Street, where he now has one of the neatest and hand- rrv^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 631 somest groceries in the city. In connection with this establishment he also acts as agent for several steamboat lines. He was married May 8, 1880, to Miss Mary Peterson, a native of Sweden, who came to America in 1878. and to them three children have been born: Ed- ward Hugo, Ida Jjynea and Victor Herald. Mr. Hambee is a member of the I. O. O. F., also a Swedish society called Nordens Venner, of which he was one of the founders, and is now secretary. He is an in- telligent and upright citizen, and although his career has been a some- what varied and checkered one, he is now entirely willing and con- tented to spend the remainder of his days at his present business in Kansas City, where he and his wife have many warm personal freinds. Hans Hanson is a native of Denmark, born in Skalund June 6,1836, there receiving a fair education in his youth, and learning the trade of a carpenter. He was very skillful in the use of tools, and after some time began contracting and building, purchasing his lumber by the ship load, and selling the same by wholesale to dealers, this occupation receiving his attention until he came to America in 1879. His first place of residence in the United States was at Racine, Wis., his employment here being that of a fireman in a factory, a jiosition he filled for three years. At the end of this time he went to Kansas City, Mo., and started a wholesale sash, door and blind establishment, and this he successfully conducted for three years, when he was so unfortunate as to be burned out, his loss amounting to about |3,000. He then gave up this business and opened up a grocery at Lathrop, Mo., and here he also shipped grain to Chicago, in which business he did well. He nest returned to Kansas City, Mo., and became associated as a contractor and builder with a Mr. Funk, a connection which lasted five years, they in the meantime putting up a wholesale warehouse, but he after- ward gave up this business to engage in real estate, contracting and building, and house building for himself, and has done so remarkably well that he is now the owner of forty-seven houses, among which may be mentioned Hanson's Opera House and the Hanson House, besides other valuable property. Upon coming to this city he purchased so much valuable property, he was supposed to be a syndic from Germany. He is well known for his honorable, straightforward system of doing business, and has secured the confidence of all with whom he has had business transactions. He has been phenomenally successful, and is now worth at least $300,000. He was married in Kansas City, Kas., but his wife only lived about one year, leaving at her death a daughter i 632 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. ■who is named Katie N. Mr. Hanson is a Republican, and a member of the Lutheran Church. S. E. Harness, general manager of the Wyandotte Coal & Lime Company, Kansas City, Kas., was born in Illinois on June 15, 1859, and there remained until twenty-three years of age. He received a good practical education, and took a one year' s course in the Commercial College at Valparaiso, Ind., graduating in the class of 1878 and 1879. After this he was engaged in agricultural pursuits for one year, was then in the milling business with his father until 1883 when he sold out and came West. He settled in Kansas City, Kas. , in November, and was connected with L. H. Wood in the real estate business until the fol- lowing J uly when he engaged in the coal business for the firm of Har- ness & Co. This firm was changed to Robinson & Harness and thus continued until September 1, 1885, when it was merged into the Wy- andotte Coal Company, S. E. Harness being treasurer of the same. He held this position until February 1, of the following year, when the title was changed to Wyandotte Coal & Lime Company, and he was elected general manager, which position he holds at the present time. Of this enterprise J. B. Wood is president; J. B. Scroggs, vice-presi- dent; S. E. Harness, general manager; S. C. Garrett, auditor; N. V. Widener, secretary, and W. P. Overton, treasurer. In polities Mr. Harness is closely allied with the Democratic party. He is a member of the K. of P. and the K. of H., Elk Lodge of Kansas City, Mo. He was married to a young lady of Crawford County, 111., and to them has been born one child — Glen, a girl. The Harness family is of German origin, and the father of our subject was born in ■ Cross County, Ohio. He had been a flatboat man, but followed milling for thirty years. He died in this county. The mother is still living and makes her home with her son, S. E. She is a member of the Christian Church, of which the father was also a member. Mrs. S. E. Harness is a member of that church also. Mr. Harness is a wide-awake business man, and has the confidence and respect of all. William T. Harris, Pomeroy, Kas. Mr. Harris is one of the sub- stantial and progressive citizens of Pomeroy, and what he has accumu- lated is the result of hard work and economy since eleven years of age. He was born in Spartanburg County, S. C, in 1850, and was second in a family of sis children born to William and Martha Harris,inatives of South Carolina. At the early age of eleven years William T. was obliged to start out in life for himself, and as may be imagined, his educational advantages were not of the best. In 1870 he came to -' Is ^ul WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 633 Wyandotte County, and here he has since resided. He was married in 1875 to Miss Hesentine Turner, daughter of Thomas G. and Mary (Whorton) Turner, both natives of South Carolina. To Mr. and Mrs. Harris were born five children, who were named as follows: Bertha E., Myrtle E., Gracie L., Frank E. and Ross E. When Mr. Harris first came to Kansas he was but a boy, and although his educational advantages were not of the best, he read a great deal, observed more, and is to-day a well-informed man on almost any subject. He is a stanch Democrat in politics, and always exercises his franchise. He is active in all educational matters, and supports all worthy move- ments. He has held responsible positions in the township where he resides, and is at present clerk of the school board of Pomeroy, a genial, hospitable man and one meriting the esteem of all. Mark Harris, a member of Harris' well-known clothing house, at Kansas City, Kas. , is a young man of exceptionally fine business qualifications, and gives every promise of making a brilliant success of his life. He was born in Chicago, HI., in 1859, but when quite young was taken from that city and was reared principally in North- east Missouri. After reaching manhood he returned to his native city, and after following the occupation of a clothier there for about seven years he came directly to Kansas City, Kas. , and here established a clothing house, his establishment being opened to the public in 1885, first in one room. His business increased so rapidly that he soon found that one room was not sufficient to accommodate his business, and he had a wall removed, and now occupies No. 500 and 502 Min- nesota Avenue. He carries the largest stock of clothing in the city, and makes a specialty of gents' furnishing goods, and his house has achieved a wide celebrity as being one among the leaders of gentle- men's fashions in the place. The place is fitted up with neatness, and carefully arranged, and Mr. Harris is regarded as a thorough-going, enterprising business man, and a much- esteemed citizen. Employ- ment is given to six men. He was one of the organizers of the Elec- tric Light Company, of Kansas City, and is also a stockholder and vice-president of the same, being a stockholder in the Exchange Bank also. He is doing much for the city in which he lives, and in his business dealings he has been consistently honorable and upright, and he is one of the highly esteemed citizens of the place. E. Lee Harrison, superintendent of the store department of the Armour Packing Company, Kansas City. Beyond a doubt the warp and woof of life is made up of strands of good and evil fortune, \v 44^^ — ^ -^ — ^^ 634 HISTORY OF KANSAS. here light, there dark, yet to him who regards it with Christian faith, it is a gladsome whole. Day after day the same ceaseless rouad of labor goes on, some giving attention to professional duties, some buy- ing and selling in commercial headquarters, and still others managing large business interests committed to their charge. To this latter class belongs Mr. Harrison, who for many years has held positions of trust, and always given thorough satisfaction. As storekeeper at Armour's, he has charge of a stock valued at over $30,000, and man- ages this large department so satisfactorily, that it has been under his charge for nearly five years. He has been in the employ of this firm since 1884, commencing as a special police, and afterward promoted to his present po.sition. Mr. Harrison's birth occurred near Clarks- ville, Tex., on June 2, 1863, and his parents were Benjamin Berry and Frances P. (Thomas) Harrison, natives of Missouri and Tennes- see, respectively. The father was, in his early life, a merchant in Leb- anon, Mo. , where he built the first store and hotel in that city. He called the embryo town Wyota, and afterward Lebanon. Here he ac- cumulated a tine fortune, which he lost during the war. He was born January 20, 1819, and died in his sixty-eighth year. The mother was born May 31, 1827, and at the present writing is still alive; she is a daughter of a prominent lawyer in Tennessee, and descendant of Gen. Proctor. The Harrison family, of which there are several members living in the twin Kansas Cities, is one of the oldest and most dis- tinguished in America. It sprang from some of the best blood in England, and has given to that country and America several of their most celebrated characters. John Benjamin and Thomas Harrison were sons of English nobility, and born in the town of Feuby, York- shire. John was born in 1693, and became a great inventor. Among his inventions were a chronometer and gridiron. He also invented the pendulum for clocks, for which the British crown paid him £20,000. He died in Ked Lion Square, London, in 1776. Benjamin Harrison was born in 1694. He had two sons: Benjamin and Robert. The former was the father of Hon. Benjamin Harrison, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and who was the father of Gen. William Henry Harrison, President of the United States of America, who was grandfather of Hon. Benjamin Harrison, our present Presi- dent of the United States. Eobert Harrison was the father of Hon. Robert Harrison, the great jurist. Thomas, the younger brother of John and Benjamin Harrison, was born in 1695. He married Hannah Morrison, of England, by whom he had six sons: John, Benjamin, *:?1i -» 'V WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 635 Thomas, Jr. , Samuel, Daniel and James, all of whom came to America after the death of their parents, and settled in Maryland. When the Revolutionary War began, they all enlisted in the American army, and John and Thomas were soon promoted, the former to the rank of captain, and the latter to that of colonel. The other four brothers were killed, and each left families, of which we have no account. Capt. John Harrison married a Miss Malone, of Maryland, and settled in Botetourt County, Va. He had six sons: Thomas, Samuel, John, Benjamin, Daniel and James. Col. Thomas Harrison never married. He was a shrewd business man, and made a great deal of money while in the army, most of which he invested in lands in the valley of Vir- ginia, and at his death left his property to his nephew, Thomas, son of Capt. John Harrison. This nephew married Miss Billops, of Virginia, they raised a large family and moved to Callaway County, Mo. Their eldest sons, James and John, enlisted in the War of 1812, and John was promoted to the rank of major. He moved with his brother James to Saline County, Mo., in 1817. James removed to Boone County in 1819, where, in 1821, he married Rebecca Crockett. In 1830 he settled in Audrain County, and the following year was appointed presiding judge of the county court, by Gov. Boggs. He was justice of the peace for many years, and elected to the Legislature three times. He died in 1875, at the age of eighty years. John and Daniel, sons of Capt. John Harrison, of the Revolutionary War, married and settled in Alabama, and Samuel and Benjamin married and settled in Missis- sippi; their brother James married Lovisa Duncan, of South Carolina, and settled in Washington County, Mo., in 1819. Their children were John B. , Robert B., James Pryor, William D., Pamelia M. , Mariah, Benjamin Berry, Jackson, Polly and Thomas J. All were prominent citizens of Missouri, where they lived and died. Polly being the only survivor. She married Dr. J. H. Robertson, who was twice a member of the Legislature, and judge of Laclede County, Mo., where she now lives. John B. was a wealthy merchant at Lebanon. Robert B. was many years clerk of Pulaski County Courts. James P. was an M. D., and left a fortune to his only daughter, Laura. Thomas J. retained the old Harrison homestead and store at Arlington, and left a family and estate at his death; he was twice elected to the Legislature. Benjamin Berry first married Miss Dodson, by whom he had Lucie E., Lycurgus L. and James B. He next married Miss Thomas, by whom he had Robert T. , Penelope, John M. , Joseph E., E. Lee, Frank P., Ellen M. and Hugh. Lucie was the first child born -^ [V^ ^ '^^ 636 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. at Lebanon, and taught school many years. Lycurgus is a farmer. James B. is a lawyer and judge at Rolla. Robert S. is an M. D. and dentist at Iberia, and Frank was his partner in dentistry. John M. is a Christian minister. Joseph E. and Nellie are teachers at Iberia, where the mother still lives. All are living except Lucie, Penelope and Frank. Hugh is with Lee in the employ of the Armour Packing Company. Mr. Harrison, the subject of this sketch, reached his man- hood in Lebanon, where he received an academic education, and after completing his studies, engaged in teaching for two years in Saline County, Mo. After attending Commercial College in St. Louis, he commenced his business career as a telegraph operator and agent on the Iron Mountain Railroad. Coming to Kansas City, Mo. , he at- tended a course of lectures at the medical college, and continued read- ing medicine, even after accepting his present position. He is a member of the Democratic party, also a member of Kaw Lodge No. 272, A. F. & A. M., of which he is a charter member. Mr. Har- rison married Miss Lizzie F. Vaughan, of Grand Pass, Mo. To their union have been born two children, viz. : William Harper and Lela Grace. Both Mr. and Mrs. Harrison are identified with the Christian Church of this city, and are at all times interested in the aflFairs of the community in which they reside, and have so many warm personal friends. Patrick Harte is a native of Londonderry, Ireland, where he was born February 11, 1861, and is now foreman of the sheep department for the packing-house of Swift & Co., of Kansas City, Kas. His par- ents, William and Margaret (Dillon) Harte, were also born in the "Emerald Isle," and were there reared and married. At the age of ten years Patrick accompanied an uncle to America, and for some eight years he made his home with him in the city of St. Louis, Mo., his attention during this time being given to attending a private school and working in a slaughterhouse. At the age of eighteen years he came to Kansas City, Kas. , and for one year was employed by Atistin Davis and the Armour Packing Company, three months with the former and nine months with the latter, and during all this time had charge of the sheep department. In February, 1880, he went to Boston, Mass., where he spent four years in the Brighton Abitour, a large slaughtering concern, and during one of the four years he worked for Austin Davis, named above, whose home is in that city. For two years and a half he was with the Kelley Brothers, and six months in a slaughter-house owned by George Sawyer, of Brighton. The subse- Ml WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 637 quent sis mouths were spent in a slaughter-house at Holden, Me., for Hollis & Co., then spent two months in New York for Eastman, an extensive shipper. At the end of this time he returned to Boston, and entered the employ of Abraham Gunsenheiser, and worked in a slaugh- ter-house with him for six months, after which he re-entered the em- ploy of George Sawyer, with whom he remained three months. He then came west, to East St. Louis, and for one year was foreman of the sheep department for the East St. Louis Dressed Beef Company, after which he went to Chicago, and was with Swift & Co. for cne year, returning at that time to New York, but only remained a short time. He next came to Kansas City, Kas., which was in October, 1888, and has since been in the employ of Swift & Co., his services being employed in the sheep and calf department, of which he was made foreman in Jime, 1889. He is an honorable and upright young man, and being the possessor of many worthy characteristics, he is sure to make a success of his life. His marriage to Miss Agnes C. Butler took place November 29, 1888, she being a native and resident of St. Louis, Mo. They have one child, Marguerite (born October 13, 1889). Mr. and Mrs. Harte are members of the Catholic Church. Stephen Hayes, one of the early settlers of the city of Argentine, and a prominent worker in the political field, was born on May 1, 1848, in the town and county of Tipperary, Ireland. He was the youngest son born to Martin and Margaret (Mahon) Hayes, natives of the same county and country. The father was in the transfer business, and carried this on in his native country until his death, in 1872, when sixty-four years of age. The mother died the same year, when sixty- three years of age. Stephen was given a good common-school educa- tion in the county of his birth, and when sixteen years of age, he emi- grated to the United States, landing in New York City. From there he went to Chicago, and not having learned a trade, he took the first job offered, and carried a hod for two years. After this he drove a team for W. J. Owen & Co., and remained with them over twelve years. In the spring of 1881 he came to Kansas City, Kas., and in the fall to Argentine, where he has since made his home. He em- barked in the mercantile business, and as a man of business is most favorably quoted in the community. He is energetic and thorough, is highly esteemed, and has been very successful. On September 10, 1881, he was married to Miss Delia Winters in Chicago. She was born in Ireland, and died January 20, 1889. On January 9, 1890, he married Miss Mary Swarfield, native of Chicago, and of Irish parent- ^^f- j!^i age. Mr. Hayes is a Democrat in his political views, and is one of the county's strongest supporters of that ticket. He and wife are mem- bers of the Catholic Church. Herbert M. Herrold, Ph. G., is a prominent druggist and well- known citizen of Kansas City, Kas. He was born in Philadelphia, Penn., receiving the advantages of the public schools of that city. He was married there in 1887, his wife being at that time a student in the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, from which she gradu- ated as an M. D. in 1883. Shortly after graduating, she and her husband removed to Leavenworth, Kas., and there she began prac- ticing her profession, and her husband engaged in the drug busi- ness. In 1886 Mr. Herrold entered the Kansas State University at Lawrence, in which he completed a full course in pharmacy, graduat- ing in 1888. In the fall of that year, he and his wife removed to Kansas City, where the latter, who is known as Dr. Maude M. Herrold, has been an active and successful practitioner. She has become well known and popular, her practice, which is confined exclusively to ladies and children, is very large and lucrative. She has met with such em- inent success, that a brilliant career as a physician is before her. She has also been able to give special care to the health and moral culture of their child, Herschel, a bright, healthy, happy boy, eleven years of age. Since removing to Kansas City, Mr. Herrold has given his whole attention to the drug business, and in the spring of 1889 established the Model Pharmacy of James Street, which has since had the dis- tinction of being the finest drug store in that part of the city. He managed this establishment very successfully until the following Sep- tember, when, preferiing to locate in another part of the city, he sold out, and the following month, which was October, 1889, he and Mr. George A. Gamble opened a drug store at No. 1901 North Fifth Street, which is known as the Junction Pharmacy, one of the finest and hand- somest places of the kind in the city. Mr. Gamble being a stenogra- pher by profession, the entire care and management of the store has developed on Mr. Herrold, but he has conducted affairs in an admir- able manner, and has proved himself a courteous and accommodating gentleman. He is desirous of pleasing all, and the excellent patron- age he has acquired speaks louder than words can do, as to his success in this respect. He is now completing arrangements to establish an- other store at a point where the " L " road crosses Thirteenth Street, which will be known as the Valley Park Pharmacy, and which is being fitted and stocked in the most modern style. His partner in this latter SI '-^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 639 enterprise is Dr. V. L. Todd, a youag physician of this city, who has recently graduated with honors from the College of Physicians and Sur- geons of Baltimore, Md. Mr. Herrold is a member of the Kansas State Pharmaceutical Associatiou, also of the American Pharmaceutical Association. The fittings of the Junction Pharmacy are among the most tasteful in the city, and the stock consists of everything that can be found in a well-appointed drugstore. Mr. Herrold is a young man of excellent habits, and possesses in an eminent degree those qualities which go to make a successful business man. He and his wife are re- spected and esteemed by all who know them, and among their large circle of fi'iends they are deservedly popular. H. M. Herr is a native German, his birth occurring October 11, 1S51, and he is the eldest son of Michael and Louisa (Puelhart) Herr, the former of whom is an extensive carriage builder of his native land — Germany. H. M. Herr, the immediate subject of this memoir, re- mained in the land of his birth until his seventeenth year, but prior to this devoted his time and attention to acquiring a good common- school education, and learning the carriage-maker's trade of his father. He came to the United States in 1809, landing at New York City, and afterward spent two years in Kochester, N. Y., where he followed his trade with Mainhard & Co., of that city. From this place he went to Stratford, Canada, to visit some relatives, but after a short time re- moved to Berlin, where he began learning the barber's trade, a call- ing he continued with George Debus for eighteen months, then began working at this trade on his own responsibility in Seaforth. Nine months later he went to Port Hope near Lake Ontario, where he re- mained for over four years. Going thence to Oshawa, Ontario, he had a barber shop and tobacco store for eighteen months, then returned to Rochester, N. Y., and the following nine months were spent in work- ing for a man named Miller. In 1881, hearing of the advantages of- fered in the West, he started for Kansas City, Mo. , but only remained there a short time, when he went to Rosendale, where he purchased a shop of a Mr. Higgins. Not liking this location, he after a residence there of nine months came to Argentine, Kas. , where he has since made his home and has gathered about him a host of friends. In 18S-t he was elected police judge on the Citizens' ticket, a position he filled two years, at the end of which time he was elected justice of the peace, and has discharged the duties of this oflice up to the present date. The case of Brady, who was sent to the penitentiary for two years for assault with intent to kill, also John Stover for killing Ed M'- 640 HISTOBY OF KANSAS. Mullen, and David Uffendell and Pat McTague for highway robbery, came up before him and numerous others, and up to January 1, 1891'. he had given judgment for 385 cases, only three of which were taken to the district court. He has proved an exceptionally efficient officer fiir he is possessed of far more than the average intelligence, and is strictly honorable and conscientious in the discharge of every duty. He was married on November 2, 1874, to Miss Louisa McCarty, a native of Canada, born March 10, 1857, a daughter of James and Margaret (Welsh) McCarty, natives of Cork, Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. Herr have three children: Flo.ssie (died in February, 1890, at the age of fourteen years), Carl Valentine and Frank Theodore. Mr. Herr has been a Democrat ever since comi ig to this country, and he has ever taken an active part in the county elections, being one of the leading members of his party. He is a member of the K. of L., in which he was master workman for three years, and during the smelters' strike in 18S7, which lasted for sixty days, he effected many compromises, which greatly benefited the employes. He was a member of Cincinnati Lodge No. 91, of the K. of P., and the L O. O. F., holding his membership in Can- ada. He also took one degree in the A. F. & A. M. , and in the Ger- man Sick Benefit Association of Argentine. In 1886 and 1887 he was appointed deputy United States marshal under Maj. Jones. Andrew Hescher, manufacturer of cigars, Kansas City, Kas. Among the enterprising business establishments of this city, whose operations are worthy of record in a work devoted to the interests of Wyandotte County, is that of Mr. Andrew Hescher, manufacturer of line cigars. He has been established in this city since 1870, and is doing a large busi- ness in local trade. He makes a specialty of five and ten cent cigars, and during the late months he employed three men, making, on an average, 25,000 per month. .In consequence of the excellent and standard quality of the cigars here prepared, Mr. Hescher has es- tablished a good trade. He came to Kansas City, Kas., from West Baden, Germany, where his birth occurred on March 8, 1840, and is a son of Henry and Mary (Sack) Hescher, both natives of Germany. The father followed the occupation of a harness-maker, at which he made quite a fortune. He died in 1849, at the age of forty-five. The mother came to this city with her sons, and made her home with Andrew until her death, which occurred in 1880, at the age of seventy-three years. There were ten children in the family, Andrew being seventh in order of birth. He and his brother Philip came here together, and the latter died in 1883. Now only Andrew and his brother Henry are ^-^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 641 residing in this county. The former was reared to manhood in his native country, and was married there in 1805, to Miss Helena Sharp, a native of Germany. They became the parents of nine children, one dying in infancy. Those living are Julius, Helena, Anna, Ateladt, Louise, Henry, Charles and Lotta. The two eldest were born in Ger- many. Mr. Hescher served six months in the German army before he left his country. He received a good German education, and is a man well posted on all the current topics of the day. He is a non-partisan in politics, and supports enterprises that will benefit his city or county. He is a member of the K. of P., Fellowship Lodge No. 41, and is also a member of the German L O. O. F. L. P. Hewitt is a successful small-fruit-grower of Wyandotte County, Kas., and also makes a specialty of raising early potatoes, thirty-live acres being annually devoted to their propagation. Seven acres are given to the raising of the Capt. Jack and Crescent Seedling raspberries, three acres to strawberries, and also has 700 apple trees, the most of which are the Ben Davis, although he raises the Early Harvest and Maiden Blush for summer use. He also has one hundred Wild Goose plum trees and fifty trees of Black Murrillo cherries. He was born in Steuben County, N. Y., February 27, 1847, while his mother was on a visit to relatives in that State, otherwise he would have been the first white child born in Wyandotte County, Kas. He is the youngest living of a family of seven children born to Kichard and Han- nah (Parker) Hewitt, natives of Ohio and New York, respectively, and in this and Jackson County, Mo., he was reared to manhood. His father was connected with the agency of the Wyandotte Indians, and in 1845 came West, spending the rest of his days in this and Jackson County, dying in 1879. He was a practicing physician throughout life and was very successful. L. P. Hewitt, the subject of this sketch, was married in 1871 to Miss Rebecca J. Hawkins, a daughter of David and Hannah Hawkins, natives of the Blue-Grass State and Virginia, respectively. He and his wife became the parents of seven children: William, Frank, Warren M., May, Ida, Luella and Alma D. Mr. Hewitt is a member and treasurer of the Farmers' Alliance, and in his political views is a Democrat, holding the office of school director in his district. He is an honorable, upright citizen, and has long been an earnest member of the Baptist Church. His brothers and sisters are as follows: Eldridge E., Jane A. (wife of Cyrus Austin, of Califor- nia), Richard, Louisa (wife of Charles Lovelace), Rozie (wife of War- ren Lindsay), and Experience (wife of William Rice). -®(^ ^^ — ^ ^ — ^ \4^ 642 HISTORY OF KANSAS. J. B. Hippie was born at Lancaster, Penn., February 3, 1857. He was educated in the public schools of that county, and farmed and taught school himself for six successive years, abandoning the pro- fession when he was principal of one of the soldiers' orphan schools of the State. Then he became a member of the editorial stafP of the Daily Lancaster Examiner. In the spring of 1888 Mr. Hippie resigned his position, and established the Sun at Manheim, Penn. At the solicita- tion of friends in Kansas City, Kas., Mr. Hippie came West, and in August, 1889, started the Weekly Press, a newspaper which has been a paying enterprise from the start. Thomas J. Hinton, the subject of the present sketch, has been very successful through life, being the happy possessor of both energy and perseverance, two traits that united in the same person can not fail to bring about a good result. From early childhood he has had a strong tendency toward the occupation of a mechanic, and after thirty years of active experience, and having learned it thoroughly under H. B. and J. J. Eobinson, Fulton Street, New York, is well qualified to fill any position in his line of work most satisfactorily. He is at the present writing in the employ of the Armour Packing House, being foreman of the cooper department in their mammoth establishment in Kansas City, Kas. Previously to accepting this position, he held a similar one with J. S. Ward, in Brooklyn, N. Y. , for over nineteen years, but concluded to follow Horace Greeley's advice, and camo West to grow up with the country. Throiigh the past few years this city has made truly wonderful progress, and is generally conceded to be most enterprising and thrifty. Mr. Hinton' s birth occurred in Canada, during the year 1841, but while still a child of seven sum- mers, he moved with his parents to New York City, and continued to make his home in that city and in Brooklyn until 1882. In the year 1861, when Abe Lincoln called for the first 75,000 men, he was one of the first to respond. The position he holds with Armour is a re- sponsible one, he being in charge of fifty-two men, and turning out from 1,200 to 1,500 packages daily. On January 8, 1863, Mr. Hin- ton was united in marriage with Miss Margaret Brennan, who, like himself, came from the East, having been born in New York City. Their union has been blessed with one child, viz., Emily. As a public-spirited man, and a wide awake, progressive business man, the subject of this sketch has made numerous warm friends, both among his associates in the mercantile world, and in social circles. Hon. R. W. Hilliker, is a native of the " Empire State," and like ^IV ^: WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 643 all New Yorkers he possesses many sterling business, as well as social traits of character. He was born in Datchess County, April 7, 1830, his parents, Henry I. and Tina (Syble) Hilliker, being born there and in Germany, respectively. The subject of this sketch was left mother- less when he was a small lad, and at the age of seven years he accom- panied his father to Oxford County, Upper Canada, and there he was reared to manhood, educated, and learned the carriage-maker's trade, which he successfully conducted for several years. In 1860 he re- turned to the United States, and after following the calling of a rail- road contractor for several years in Michigan, Ohio and Pennsylvania, he, in 1865, came West and located in Kansas City, Mo. , continuing the same occupation there. He became a member of a firm which erected over 4,000 buildings in that city, and this firm at one time employed over 200 men. In 1881 he engaged in the loan and bank- ing business in Kansas City, Kas., and when the Central Bank of this place was organized in 1884, he was made its cashier, a position he has held ever since. In 1883 he was elected mayor of Kansas City, serving one term, and he was one of the men who set the movement going which led to the consolidation of the three cities in 1886. While tilling the position of mayor, he was instrumental in having the James Street viaduct erected. In short, it may be said, that there has not been a single public improvement either in Kansas City, Kas., or Kansas City, Mo., daring the past quarter of a century in which he has not been conspicuously identiiied. While a resident of the latter place he served as a member of the citj' council several years, and for two years was chairman of the committee of public works. He has been police commissioner of Kansas City, Kas., for three years, and his whole aim and entire energies have been bent upon the improvement of the two cities. He is a stanch supporter of Republican principles, and while he has never sought political honors, he has frequently been importuned to accept nominations at his party's hands to some of the choicest posi- tions within its power to grant. In 1885 his friends set on foot a move- ment which came within nine votes of nominating him for Congress, of a convention of the Second District of Kansas. He is one of the most distinguished citizens in this section of the State, and especially in the city in which he resides, and is at present president of the city council, being a member from the Fifth Ward. His first wife was Miss Sarah A. Durkee, whom he married on October 9, 1850, but she was called from the scene of her earthly labors September 16, 1873, leaving a family of three sons and three daughters to mourn their loss. Til ^ 64i HISTORY OF KANSAS. On December 24, 1886, he was married to his present wife, Miss Martha W. GrifiSn, of Kansas City, Kas. AVilliam J. Hill is the efHcieut chief of the iire department of Kan- sas City, Kas., but was born in Pittsburgh, Penn., December 24, 1844, a son of John and Elizabeth E. (Chambers) Hill, the former of whom was born in Ireland, and the latter in Beaver County, Penn. The father came to America and was married here to Miss Chambers, and by her became the father of nine children: Jennie, William J. and David R. (twins), Mary C, Belle and Edith H. , who are living, and Alexander, Elgen and Hazel, who are deceased. The father passed to his long home in 1885, but the mother is still living, and resides in New Castle, Penn. William J. Hill removed with his parents from New Castle to Pittsburgh, when he was ten years of age, and in early manhood, he learned the trade of a machinist and engineer, and the pursuit of that calling received his attention until 1876. He was mar- ried in New Castle, Penn., to Miss Emma C. Kennedy, who was born in St. Louis, Mo., a daughter of James and Anna (Kirkpatrick) Kennedy, the former of whom was born in Pennsylvania, and the latter in Iowa. In 1873 Mr. Hill came with his family to Kansas City, Mo., and in the spring of 1875 he returned to his native State and there remained two years, when he again decided to come West. This time he located in Kansas City, Kas., and here, in 1884, was made chief of the iire department in Old Kansas City, a position he held for two years. He then resigned and re- sumed his trade, and in 1887 superintended the construction of the waterworks building at Kinsley, Kas. During the year 1888 he acted as collecter for the isacking firm of George Fowler & Son, and in June, 1889, made chief of the fire department in Kansas City, Kas., and is now tilling that position in a very creditable and acceptable manner. As a fireman he is thoroughly familiar with every feature and branch of the business, having followed it more or less for eighteen years, and he is the inventor of several different contrivances and appliances for the use of firemen, upon five of which he has received patents: A patent cellar nozzle, a patent sheet nozzle, a combination water tower, a harness hanger and a combination nozzle. Under his able manage- ment the service has greatly improved, and it is now in perfect working order in all its departments. It consists of twenty- four men, and eight others will soon be added. He and his wife are the parents of four children: Mabel, Percy J., Frederick W. and Carrie, who died when about four months old. Mr. Hill is a member of the K. of P. -k. ^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 645 and the A. O. U. W. During the Rebellion, in 1864, he served for nine months as a member of Company E, Fifty fifth Pennsylvania Vol- unteer Infantry. Dr. Russell Hill, physician and coroner, Armourdale, Kas. This successful practitioner owes his nativity to Philadelphia, Penn., his birth occurring on February 22, 1858, and is a son of Joseph and Mary (Singer) Hill, the father a native of England and the mother of the Keystone State. The father was but six years of age vrhen he emigrated vrith his parents to the United States. They located in Philadelphia, and there he grew to manhood, receiving a liberal edu- cation in the schools of that city. Joseph Hill was a cotton and woolen manufacturer in Philadelphia and carried on an extensive busi- ness, being unusually successful. He died in that city, but the mother is still living and makes her home there. She is seventy-six years of age and is still quite active. The father was a member of the com- mon council of Philadelphia, and held several other important offices. To his marriage were born ten children, eight now living, of whom our subject is third youngest. The latter passed his boyhood and youth in the city, receiving a good education, and was around his father's factory until about sixteen years of age. He then began the study of medicine, attended the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, and later, or in 1880, entered the Jefferson Medical School, graduating from the same in the class of 1882-83. He began practicing at Jenkintown, Penn., near Philadelphia, and in the fall of 1883 he came West, locating at Armstrong, now Kansas City, Kas., where he has since been in practice. He now resides in Ar- mourdale and has a large and rapidly increasing practice, being classed a No. 1 physician. He was elected coroner in 1889, and is a member of the staff of St. Margaret's Hospital. He was at one time in the Government geological surveys of States and Territories. He is a mem ber of the East Kansas Medical Society. He was married, in February, 1886, to Miss Agnes G. Fulton, a native of Glasgow, Scotland, and they have two children: Frank and Margaret. The Doctor is a member of the K. of P. and the A. O. U. W. Henry T. Hoffman (deceased). Mr. Hoffman was one of the early settlers of Shawnee Township, and a man universally respected and esteemed. He was born in Maryland on June 4, 1828, and was the third of four children liorn to Daniel and Mary (Picken) Hoffman, na- tives also of Maryland. The father attained his growth in his native State, followed the occupation of a farmer, but in 1831 he emigrated I^ s r- —I » " T 646 HISTORY OF KANSAS. to Ohio where he received his final summons. There the mother died also. Henry T. was reared in this State, and like his father tilled the soil. In 1867 he left Ohio, emigrated West and settled on a farm now owned by his widow, and near where he met his death on May 28, 1868. While swimming in the Kansas Eiver, was taken with the cramps, and before assistance could arrive he was drowned. He was a man respected and esteemed by all acquainted with him, and his death was the occasion of universal sorrow. He was married in 1850 to Miss Mary Sigler, a native of Boss County, Ohio, born on August 22, 1826, and the daughter of John and Amelia (Bogard) Sigler. She came with her husband on his western trip and has remained here caring for the chil- dren until they are now able to take care of themselves. She has at- tended to the farm of 100 acres, has made many improvements, and now has an excellent farm. The bottom land is rented out to corn and potato growers, and the blufF has on it 175 apple trees, 50 peach trees, a few plums, and a number of cherries, and has all the best varieties of each. She also has about two acres in blackberries and the rest in pasture and timber. Mrs. Hoffman bore her husband three children: Florence (wife of Samuel Beattie), Albert C. and Alice (deceased). Albert C, the only son, has managed the farm for his mother and has been successful. He is enterprising and industrious, is posted in the affairs of everyday life, and a man of true worth and ability in this community. In politics he is a Democrat, and socially he is a member of the Alliance and the Horse League. He was a mem- ber of the Methodist Church. Edward Hollecker resides within one mile and a half of the city limits of Kansas City, Kas., and is a practical horticulturist. He was born in Kansas City, Mo., November 11, 1862, and was the third of a family of nine children, four of whom are living: Caroline (resides in Kansas City, Mo., and is the wife of Herman Long, who is a con- tractor and builder), John (resides in Kansas City, Mo., and is a plas- terer by trade), and William (who is the youngest of the family and who resides in Kansas City, Mo.). The father was a native of the province of Alsace, Germany, and the mother was born in Hesse- Darmstadt. She died July 1, 1890. Edward Hollecker received a good education in the schools of Kansas City, Mo., and this has fitted him for the practical life he leads. He began for himself when twenty-four years of age without a dollar, and emigrated to Wyan- dotte County, Kas. , in 1874, when the country was new and unsettled. There he was married January 28, 1885, to Miss Mary Gellhonson, a __ Is ^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 647 native of Germany, born July 28, 1863. She was educated in the common schools of Kansas, and is a lady of refinement and culture. Their union has been blessed by the birth of two living children, a son and daughter, Eddie, four years of age, and Minnie, one year of age. They lost one daughter, Caroline, at the age of three years. Mr. Hollecker has adhered closely to the Democratic party, and his tirst presidential vote was for Gen. W. Hancock. He has ever been a strict partisan, and has always aimed to support men of prin- ciple and honor. He has been a delegate to his county convention at difFerent times, and is now a delegate. He has been tendered offices in his township, but has modestly declined each and every one. He and Mrs. Hollecker are members of the German Catholic Church, and have always contributed to all worthy movements. When he first came to this county Mr. Hollecker found that real estate was worth $50 per acre. He is now the owner of twenty acres of the most val- uable land in the vicinity of Kansas City, Kas. At one time, during the boom of 1885, Mr. Hollecker's mother was offered $1,800 per acre, and Mr. Hollecker would not sell for less, and in fact does not care to sell at all. Every foot of it is cultivated, and their tine residence, good outbuildings, etc. , make a valuable and pleasant home. Mr. Hollecker raises the following kinds of fruits: Apple, cherry, j)each, raspberries, strawberries and different varieties of grapes. He and Mrs. Hollecker are comfortably fixed, and surrounded by their many kind friends and neighbors will make their future home here. Mrs. Mary Hollecker (deceased), mother of our subject, was the wife of Gall Hollecker, and first located in Wyandotte County, Kas., in 1874. She purchased the present farm of twenty acres, and on the old homestead she passed the remainder of her days. Her farm was very valuable, as is mentioned before she refused $1,800 per acre for it. She was afflicted with liver trouble in the month of April, and after severe suffering she passed away July 1, 1890. Her remains are interred in Quindaro Cemetery, where a beautiful monument rests at her head, sacred to her memory, erected by her loving children. Mrs. Hollecker was a grand and noble woman, and one who was held in the highest respect by her children and her many warm friends. Her presence will be missed in social gatherings as well as the family circle. Henry G. Hollox, farmer and fruit-grower, Vance, Kas. Mr. Hollox is another old resident of the county, having made his advent here from Davenport, Iowa, in 1866, twenty- four years ago, and located where he now lives, on thirty-three and one-third acres of land, when ll^ there were but few acres under cultivation. The land is divided as fol- lows: ten acres in apple, four acres in peach trees, two in blackberries, one of raspberries and one of grapes. The remainder is principally in grass. Mr. Hollox has resided ever since on this place. He was born in Norfolk, England, on October 13, 1831, and is a son of John Hollox, a farmer, who came with his family to America in 1841 or 1842, and located in Cleveland, Ohio, where he remained about fifteen years. Later he engaged in market gardening, and in 1856 moved to Daven- port, Iowa, buying a farm ten miles out from the city, where he en- gaged in tilling the soil. There his death occurred in 1866. His widow survived him until 1888, her death occurring at her son' s. They reared a family of four children — two sons and two daughters — Henry G. the only one now living. The latter was quite young when his father left England, and was the recipient of a good common-school education, attending the high school in Cleveland. He then left school to assist at home, and later clerked for some time in a store in Cleve- land. He then went to Davenport, Iowa, continued agricultural pur- suits, but just before leaving Cleveland he was married to Miss Ellen S. Akins, who bore him eight children — six sons and two daughters — only two now living: Jonathan (married and resides with his father), and Erminie. Mr. Hollox resided for about ten years in Iowa, and then, thinking that the new State of Kansas afforded better inducements for money making, he came here. Politically he is a Republican, but is not an active party worker, but finds jslenty to claim his attention at home. W. H. Hooker, fruit-grower and farmer, Kansas City, Kas. Mr. Hooker, who is numbered among the substantial and representative citizens of eastern birth in Wyandotte County, came originally from New York State, where his birth occurred on August 1, 1822, and is the son of Chillis Hooker, who was a native of Massachusetts, and a miller by trade. The latter reared a family of five children, of whom W. H. is second in order of birth, and he was called into service at one time during the War of 1812, but ere reaching the scenes of war was discharged, peace being declared. W. H. Hooker reached man- hood in his native State, attended the common schools, learned the same trade of his father, and when about twenty years of age, his father having sold out, he came with the latter to Winnebago County, settled, and turned his attention to farming. There the father died at the age of fifty-three years. His widow survived him until 1889, having lived to the ripe old age of ninety-three years, and they lie side by side in the cemetery at Eoekton. W. H. Hooker remained at home until about twenty years of age, as above stated, and then went to Jackson County, Iowa, where he engaged in the milling business. There he resided until the last year of the war, after which he went to Illinois and there remained for three years. In 1867 he came to Wy- andotte, made his home there until 1878, and then he moved on the place where he now resides, consisting of about fifty acres. He was married in Illinois in January, 1852, to Miss Lydia W. Baron, and they have four children, all dau^ghters: I. D. (widow of Judge Stough- ton, and now resides in Kansas City, Kas.), Clara (wife of H. L. Judd, resides also in Kansas City, Kas.), Mary E. (resides at home), and Fan- nie M. (wife of J. K. Goodwin, resides in Clinton, Iowa). Aside from his farm Mr. Hooker is also the owner of considerable property in Kansas City, Kas. In politics he is a Republican, and socially he is a member of the I. O. O. F. Christian F. Horstman, farmer and gardener, Kansas City, Kas. It is owing entirely to the industrious and persevering manner with which Mr. Horstman has adhered to his present occupation that he has risen to such a substantial position in farm affairs in this county. Born in Prussia, May 16, 1841, he is the son of Christopher and Anna Maria Elizabeth (Von Behren) Horstman, natives, also, of that country. Their family consisted of five children — two .sons and three daughters — all, excejit one brother, Louis Albert, now residing in this township. He is living in Olathe, Kas. In 185i the father moved his family to America, led by the de- sire to increase his worldly goods, and to make a better home for his children. He left the land of his birth, all the old associa- tions, and landed in New Orleans early in the summer of 1854. He then came by river to Cincinnati, Ohio, resided there three years, and then carried on agriculture, within nine miles of that city, for six years. Later he went to Decatur County, Ind. , near Greensburg, and there with his son. Christian, bought eighty acres of land. After residing there for about four years and a half, he sold out and came to Kansas, in 1871, our subject having preceded him by about a year and a half. That fall he had the misfortune to lose his wife, and he afterward resided with his son. In 1875 Christian F. purchased fifty acres of land, and in the spring of 1877 he moved on the farm. Here the father's death occurred, in Jiine, 1880. Christian F. Horstman was married, in 1869, to Miss Mary Jansen, a daughter of William and Mary Jansen, early settlers of this county. To Mr. and Mrs. Horst- l^ Ai 650 HISTORY OF KANSAS. man were bora nine children: Mary (wife of Charles Sorter, a son of Elisha Sorter, who was one of the old settlers), Louise, Ida, Cather- ine, Rose, William, Henry, Ernest Edwin and Alfred Newton, all of whom are living, except Ernest E. , who died December 7, 1886. Mr. Horstman is a member of the Lutheran Church. He is now serving his fifth term of townshij) trustee, and in politics is a Re- publican. George U. S. Hovey, postmaster, general merchant and farmer of White Church, Wyandotte County, Kas., owes his nativity to Ulster County, N. Y., his birth occurring on July 19, 1842, and is now one of the representative men and prominent citizens of his adopted county. He was the eldest of three children born to Alfred and Elizabeth (Un- derhill) Hovey, natives of England and New York, respectively. Mrs. Hovey was a direct descendant of old Capt. John Underbill, who made a record in the old country as a soldier about the time of the Pilgrims. He assisted in the Indian wars of his time, and finally moved to New York, settling with the Dutch in that State. Alfred Hovey moved to New York City, where his children graduated in the high schools, and finished their education in Elmville Seminary. About 1859 Mrs. Ho- vey died of consumption, and after this our subject, becoming desirous of viewing the West, boarded a steamer and landed in San Francisco in the fall of 1863, where he remained for seven years, engaged in different mercantile pursuits. Then becoming tired of the extreme west, he returned to his home in New York, where he remained for a year or so, and then followed his brother's example in 1870, by emi- grating to Kansas. Here he has since remained, and has endured the many privations and hardships incident to pioneer life. He has been prominent in the development of the county for the last eighteen years, twelve years of which time he served as justice of the peace, and six years as county commissioner, holding the position of chairman of that body for five years. During that time the county made some rapid and important strides, among the most important being the grading of all roads at a cost of $500,000; the introduction of iron bridges and stone culverts, the cost of which amounted to 1270,000; the erection of the new sheriff's residence and jail, improvements that were made on the court-house, the erection of a fire-proof vault for the county rec- ords, and the erection of the county poorhouse, which is a fine struct- ure. Mr. Hovey was instrumental in carrying the bonds which brought the North- Western road through, and was also one of the originators of the town known as White Church, of which he is the l!^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 651 postmaster. He has built a handsome residence and ojood store-rooms, is also the owner of 135 acres of land, and is one of the representative citizens of the West. He is a stanch Eepublican in his political views, is quite prominent in politics, and is a power at the polls. He is president of White Church Alliance, and is treasurer of the County Alliance, and is a member of White Church, Delaware Lodge No. 96, A. F. & A. M. , of which he is treasurer. He was married on Febru- ary 10,1870, to Miss Ella Jane Jones, a native of New York City, born November 24, 1843, and the adopted daughter of John P. Jones. Eight children were born to this union, the following being the only ones now alive: Ella Jane (bjrn November '21, 1870), John P. J. (born September 24, 1872), Josephine B. (born September 28, 1876), Anna L. (born June 6. 1879), A. Clement (bora April 15, 1882), and Mr. Hovey is the guardian of his brother Andy's son, George C, whose birth occurred on October 25, 1882. Charles E. and Frank P. Howard, dairymen, Kansas City, Kas. These brothers are substantial, enterprising and progressive young men, and are among the successful business men of the county. They started in their present business in 1887, and are now running two vyagons in Kansas City, Kas., and Kansas City, Mo. They are the owners of forty cows, mixed stock, and have some very tine Jersey and Holstein cows, among them. Charles E. Howard has charge of the route, and Frank P. does the feeding and milking. Charles E. was born in Syracuse, N. Y. , December 17, 1860, and Frank P. owes his nativ- ity to Fond du Lac, Wis., where his birth occurred September 1, 1864. The parents, Cyrus and Celia (Fitch) Howard, were natives of New York, and both died in Fond du Lac, Wis., the father in 1876, at the age of forty-five years, and the mother in 1880, when forty years of age. The former was a farmer by occupation, and moved from New York to Wisconsin, in 1872. There, in connection with agricultural pursuits, he cajried on stock-raising. He was of English descent. Both Charles E. and Frank P. were educated in Wisconsin, and the former begaa farming for himself after the death of the father. At the age of eighteen year.s he went to Stutsman County, N. Dak. , on the Northern Pacific Railroad, where he entered land, and began tilling the soil. This he continued until 1886, and then came to Kansas City, Kas., and he and his brother embarked in the dairy business. They started without means, but with their energy and push have accomplished much, and now have a prosperous business. They reside at Twelfth and Washington Streets, and their farm. •L^ which they rent, and which consists of eighty acres, is managed by D. S. Young. In politics the brothers differ, Charles E. affiliating with the Democratic, and Frank P. with the Republican party. W. J. Huffaker, fruit-grower, Quindaro, Kas. Mr. HufPaker was born near Jacksonville, Morgan County, 111., on November 11, 1835, to the marriage of Jacob M. and Elizabeth Huffaker. The father was born in Wayne County, Ky., his father was born in Virginia, and his grandfather was among the first settlers of Jamestown, Va. At the early age of eighteen, W. J. Huffaker moved with his father into Texas, in the year 1854. Four years after, he went to the mountains to improve his health and purse; at Pike's Peak he concluded to go to California. Arriving at Salt Lake City, he met with some Mormon relatives, who persiiaded him to stay for a season. Eemaining in the mountains for nearly four years, he returned with his father, who was coming from Colorado, where he had been to examine the country. While traveling around through Kansas, in order to view the prospects for a home, they stopped a few days at Lawrence (soon after the Qnantrell raid), where information came to them that they must not leave the city without the consent of the authorities. After several days the chief of police appeared and asked if some authentic paper could be shown that would indicate that the Huffaker' s were not from Missouri. Finally there was found a demit from a Masonic lodge at Sherman, Tex., when they were dismissed without prejudice. The father, Jacob M. , after two years, went home to Texas, where he soon after died. W. J., the subject of this sketch, settled in Wyandotte County, in the year 1863, joined the Kansas State Militia, and was commissioned first lieutenant, but on account of the captain being de- tailed for another post, he was compelled to command the company against old " Paja " Price, as he was usually called in the West. Mr. Huffaker and his company were placed on post of honor to guard the right of the Leavenworth battery. His firet business engagement was keeping a boarding-house on the first forty miles of railroad built in Kansas. He then engaged in the manufacture of brick, in the then city of Wyandotte (now Kansas City, Kas.), but the place being too young to support a brick-yard, he afterward bought land in Quindaro, and went into horticultural pursuits, combined with a grocery and dry-goods store, and was also postmaster under Grant's administration. Mr. Huffaker was married in 1868, to Miss Jennie Seales, who bore him five children, two of whom only are now living: Nellie W. and Leroy Harper. Of the other children two died in infancy, and one. Frank T., at the age of seveuteen years. Mr. Huffaker is a Master Mason and a member of the Christian Church. la politics he is a stanch Republican. Harvey G. Hughes, horticulturist, Kosedale, Kas. Mr. Hughes, one of the leading fruit men of the West, has been a resident of Wyandotte County since 1875, and was engaged in the nursery busi- ness and the growing of small fruits up to 1889. Mr. Hughes makes a specialty of growing fruit, and had twenty acres devoted to that particular line. From 1875 to 1879 he was in the employ of Anthony Sauer, now deceased, who was the owner of a green-house— one of the largest west of St. Louis -consisting of sis houses, with over 5.000 feet of glass. Mr. Hughes was manager of this green -house for three years, after which he started out in business for himself, con- tracting with his employer for forty acres of land, with only his hands and a good reputation to pay for it. He kept oaly twenty acres (the other twenty going back to the former owner), but this he set in fruit, later sold one-half of it, and has now only ten acres, which is all in fruit. Of apples he has planted thirty varieties, but for commercial purposes would only plant a few varieties, selecting the Ben Davis, Jonathan, Willow Twig, Winesap and Missouri Pippin. In peaches he has over thirty varieties, but would not plant so many again. In cherries the Early Richmond, Ostime and English Murillo, are the most profitable. The sweet cherry will not do well in the western country. Pears he does not consider a profitable fruit for Kansas. In raspberries, he has the Gregg. Souhegan, Hopkins and Shafer's Collosial. Snyder is the reliable blackberry with him. In strawberries, out of the many varieties, he has selected. Crescent, Downing, Wilson, Capt. Jack, Jessie and Bubach, as the best all-around berries. Mr. Hughes con- siders Wyandotte County adapted to fruit, especially the grape, and the best county in the State owing to the good market, having a good market in the two Kansas Cities. Mr. Hughes was born in Delphi, Carroll County Ind., on July 7, 1853, and is the third in a family of eleven children, born to Thomas C. and Harriet (Knight) Hughes. His father, a native of that State, was born in 1812; he was a carpenter by trade and erected some of the important buildings in Delphi. The mother was born in Ohio in 182(3, and was reared in Delphi, Ind. Our subject remained in his native State until sixteen years of age, and then came to Independence, Mo., in 1869, and in the following April he went to Lees Summit, where he worked for Blair Bros., nursery- men doinc^ their first planting. He remained with this firm for five Vi« — ^ ^•Vl' 654 HISTORY OF KANSAS. years, or until 1874, when he came to this county and worked for Mr. Sauer until 1879, after which he started out for himself. Since the sale of jDart of his land, he has purchased eighty acres within twenty miles of Kansas City, in Johnson County, and intends making a fruit farm of this. "While at Lees Summit he paid particular attention to budding and grafting, making the best record of such ever known in the State. He is a member of the Missouri Valley Horticulture Society, and is an ardent supporter of political reform, but never aspires to office. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. John A. Hurley was born in Pittsburgh, Penn., in 1S61, being the son of Henry and Eosanna Hurley, who were also natives of that State. The father was engaged in the rolling-mills, and possesses quite a con- siderable amount of mechanical genius that the son undoubtedly in- herits. In the year 1884 he married Miss Mary McCarty, whose birth occurred in Pennsylvania, and their union has been blessed with three children, viz. : James, Elizabeth and John. Mr. Hurley takes an active part in politics, voting at the local elections for "the best man," and the one he believes most capable to fill the desired office. He is thoroughly enterprising and industrious, as is clearly proven by his success in mercantile circles and the confidence he has won. At pres- ent he is employed as chief engineer in Engine House No. 3, at Ar- mour's Packing House, in this city. He commenced working for said firm in 1881, as a steam-fitter, and such was his faithfulness and abil- ity that he was advanced to his present responsible position in 1885, having in the meantime studied the construction of engines in the machine shops. He is able to repair any part of the machinerj' of which he has charge, some of the engines being the largest in the world, and several of them being built at a cost of $25,000. Kansas City has made long strides in progress during the last few years, and is generally conceded to be both a large business center and a most desirable place of residence. The world is so crowded with people ready and waiting to embrace every passing opportuuity for money- making that to fill and hold a desirable position is a real compliment to a man, and one of which he may be justly proud. There is no class of men to whom, as a nation, we are more indebted for satis- factory results than to those capable of managing a large department. James D. Husted. Mention of James D. Husted deserves a conspicu- ous place in this work among the histories of those who have brought Kansas City, Kas. , to that commercial position to which it has attained as the metropolis of the State, famous the world over for the energy ^^ '!}^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 655 and business activity of its people. Born in Clarksfield, Huron County, Ohio, September 20. 1857, be was educated in the district schools of his native town, and afterward learned practical telegraphy, and as an operator and dispatcher vyas employed for several years in railroad work. He earned and received successive promotions, and at length was placed in charge of the supply department of the Kansas Pacific division of the Union Pacific Railroad, with headquarters at Arm- strong, now a part of Kansas City, and he has resided continuously in Kansas City since 1878. In 1881 he engaged in the real estate busi- ness. He was personally so popular, and the results of his transactions were so satisfactory to both buyers and sellers, that his business in- creased rapidly and steadily. In 1880-87 he organized a syndicate that erected the First National Bank Building, which, until the com- pletion of the beautiful Husted Building, was the most costly and com- modious business structure in the city. The offices in this building, occupied until the present time by Mr. Husted and his businesses, were convenient and elegant. The offices in the Husted Building, now occupied by the Husted Investment Company, rank with the finest in the West. Besides his connection as president with the Husted Investment Company, which is one of the strongest con- cerns of the kind in the Union, doing an immense business, extending to nearly all parts of the country. Mr. Husted is identified officially with numerous corporations of importance, of many of which he is presi- dent. He is also president of the Fidelity Savings Bank, and vice- president of the First National Bank, all of Kansas City, Kas. The success of Mr. Husted has been remarkable, and would do credit to any man of twice his years and thrice his exf)erience. Beginning ab- solutely without capital and in the humblest way as a real estate com- mission broker, he has developed into one of the leading real estate dealers and investors in the West, the honored head of several corpora- tions, which have done no small work in hastening improvement and general development throughout a wide territory, and one of the most extensive owners of landed property in his city and its vicinity, notably along the lines of the Inter- State Consolidated Rapid Transit (Elevated) Railway, where he owns and controls considerable tracts, which in a few years, as the city expands, as it inevitably must, will be filled with factories, business houses and dwellings. While Mr. Husted has been in charge of commercial and financial transactions of great magnitude, he has not neglected the higher responsibilities of a Christian man- hood, nor lost any opportunity to aid his fellow men. He is a mem- ■!^ 656 HISTOBY OF KANSAS. ber of the Presbyterian Church, which he has served as elder and as a member of the board of trustees, and to all the financial and charitable interests of which he is a ready and liberal contributor. In early life he identified himself with the Young Men's Christian Association, to the practical work of which throughout Kansas he has given a marked impetus, and much good has resulted to the organization from his efforts in its behalf as chairman of the State executive committee, in which capacity he serves that body, and is an earnest, personal worker in the dissemination of the truths of Christianity. Mr. Husted is a man of untiring activity, and when he feels the need of recreation and change of scene he does not seek it in a season spent in indolence at some seaside resort, but in the manly pursuit of the noble game and fish found in the fastnesses and streams of the far Northwest. He is an enthusiastic hunter and a successful one withal, and his home and office walls and floors are adorned with numerous trophies of his ex- ploits by forest and stream. Those who know Mr. Husted best speak most enthusiastically of his many good qualities, his business capacity and his conspicuous success in the career he has chosen. He is per- haps more widely known then any other man in his city. No one doubts his integrity and his word is literally as good as his bond, which, on account of his well-known wealth and high-commercial char- acter, would be accepted anywhere in the country. Mr. Hnsted's par ents were O. J. and Mary W. (Hurlbutt) Husted. His father was a well-to do farmer, who possessed the confidence and respect of the community in which he dwelt. His mother was an exemplary Christian woman, the result of whose excellent training is manifest in the bent of Mr. Husted's mind and in admirable personal qualities, which have made him warm friends wherever he is known. Mr. Husted was married to Miss Jennie L. Thorpe, of Kansas City, in September, ]88], and his domestic relations are of the happiest. ThoTigh by birth an Ohio man, he is in all else a patriotic be- liever in the destiny of Kansas Citj' and the Middle West, and an earnest advocate of all the interests, commercial and moral, that per- tain thereto; ever liberal and helpful toward any project tending to the greatest good to the greatest number, and alert to promote the advancement of every worthy cause. He belongs to a class of men such as every community needs more of, and who quietly and without ostentation in doing for themselves benefit thousands of others whom chance has thrown within the range of their influence. The com- munity having them, is fortunate indeed. ^=4^ Alexander D. Jacks is well known to the people of this i-egion, and is now residing on a good farm in Wyandotte Township, and although o"Tn Platte County. Mo., March 5, 1846, he has been a resident of W andotte County, Kas.. since the fall of 1861. He was the young- st of a family of thirteen children, the following six of whom are l.v- ;l WilliamV farmer of this county), Eichard (w^o has been a^es.^ dent of California since 1850, and is engaged m gold mmmg) Elms who i! following the same business in that State), Warden Thomas who is a farmer of Wyandotte County), Cathenne (widow of J. H. Masterson, who was accidentally killed while hauhng g-m inJ889 she is now managing the farm of 120 acres on which she is now liv S) and Alexander!), (the subject of this sketch). Tbe pareMs -re b.rth Kentuckians, the father's birth having occurred on Maj 4, IbU He was a soldier throughout the Mexican War, could remember inci- denrs connected with The War of 1812, and throughout Me was an agriculturist and stock-raiser, being the owner of 800 acres of fine land af the time of his death. His wife died at the age of ^^fy-^^fjf both were worthy members of the Christian Church. Alex-de. R Jacks received his early training in the old subscription schools, bu as the war came up whilst he was in attendance, it greatly inteife red with his education. Notwithstanding this he is possessed of a la ge fund of useful information, which admirably fits him for the active lie which he pursues. He has always been the friend and patron of e^u^ cation, and, in truth, supports all institutions which tend o develop the ri ing generation. He commenced life for himself at he age of wentv-fiv;years,and being the youngest member of the family the sole care of which devolved upon his shoulders, and for a long time his ups and downs in life were many. His marriage, which oc- curred on December 13, 1871, was to Miss Martha A. Chandler a na^ tive of Missouri, her education being received in her native State and in Kansas, but their union took place in Wyandotte Coun y, of the lat- ter State, and has resulted in the birth of the following children: Marj , Minnie (aged fourteen), Jennie (aged nine), Grover (aged five) and Les- ter (Who died in infancy). Mr. Jacks has always supported the meas^ ures of Democracy, and is a gentleman who has always used his right of franchise intelligently, and has cast his vote for men of honor and integrity. He has never aspired to office, much preferring to till his land for he finds it much more profitable, and the "glory of hold- ing public office has no charms for him. He is a member of the Farmers' Alliance, an organization which he thinks will accomplish la. 658 HISTUEY OF KANSAS. much for the farming element if the members will stand firmly by their princiiales. He is one of the old and sturdy pioneers of this re- gion, and has seen the county of Wyandotte developed from its prime- val state to the garden spot of Kansas. Kansas City, Kas. , contained a population of 1,500 inhabitants, but novp boasts a population of 40,- 000 souls, and has the largest pork and beef-packing interests in the Southwest. Upon his arrival in this county land was worth $2. 50 to 11 '2 per acre, but now, land surrounding his place has sold for 1100 per acre. He has a tine farm of 120 acres, with 100 under cultiva- tion, and he has a handsome farm residence, and commodious and substantial outbuildings. Mrs. Jacks is a worthy member of the Christian Church, and she and her husband have abundant means with which to make their declining years happy and comfortable. William Jacks is well known to the citizens of Wyandotte County, Kas., and is a' native of Missouri, born on April 2-t, 1824, in which State his early education was obtained, he being an attendant of the old log school- houses of pioneer days, and for some time an attendant of a select school. He relates many amusing anecdotes and reminis- cences of his early school days, and although he has since made a success of his life, he has often felt the need of a better education, and for many years past has been a liberal patron of educational in- stitutions of all kinds. In fact, he gives liberally of his means to all worthy enterprises, and has shown that he has the interest of the county at heart, and is highly public spirited in every respect. He commenced life for himself as a merchant, amongst the whites, and Delaware and Wyandotte Indians, but as he had scarcely any capital to begin with, he relinquished his hold on business in the year of 1850, and went to the Pacific slope to try his fortune in the placer gold diggings, where he remained off and on, for some fifteen years. He well remembers the time when the present site of San Francisco could have been purchased for 1300, and was well acquainted with a young man who purchased a lot for $5, for which he was offered, after San Francisco began to build up, the sum of $75,000. He also re- lates the following thrilling incident, which took place in his journey across the plains: When the caravan came near the famous "Sink of the Humboldt River," in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the whole country was a sandy desert, and while there he counted from 500 to 1,000 dead cattle which were famished for want of water, there being also numerous wagons left desolate and abandoned with inscriptions written on them something like the following: "Take all that you see, ITH WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 659 we are (Jone with wagons and all that you see on this desert plain." Men, women and animals were famished and many were dead. His company saved the lives of many emigrants who had endeavored to cross the great plains and see the Golden Gate. These, as well as many other incidents, are related' with great accuracy and vividness by Mr. Jacks, and would be of great interest to any one interested in the progress and development of the far West could he hear or read them. He was married to Miss Mary McDaniel on the same day of Grant's first election to the presidency, his wife being, in all prob- ability, a native of Missouri, in which State she was educated. Mr. Jacks was in California from 1850 to 1806, during the Rebellion, and has always been a "Simon pure" Democrat, and has supported and upheld the true principles of JefPersonianism. He is a gentleman of honor "and integrity, and has endeavored to exercise his right of franchise in a proper manner. He is under the impression that he cast his first presidential vote for Franklin Pierce. He has held the office of township trustee for several terms and the important position of county commissioner also, which shows that the people have re- posed the utmost confidence in Mr. Jacks' ability as a man of sterling business acumen. He is at present justice of the peace in his town- ship, and is a gentleman who will fully support the principles of jus- tice and right and an equalization of rights in the Farmers' Alliance, of which he is a member, prospectively. He is not an arbitrary per- son, who usurps the rights of others, but does all in his power to pro- duce harmony at all times. He is well posted upon the current topics and issues of the day, and his views on all matters of public interest are sound, and show that he keeps fully apace with the times. In 1866 he emigrated from California to Wyandotte County, Kas., and when he first knew Kansas City, Mo., it was a boat landing, and only eight or ten houses were visible from the river. Old Parkeville, ten miles west of Kansas City, Mo., was the Kansas City of the West or next to St. Joe, which fact goes to show what an early pioneer Mr. Jacks was in this section of the country. Kansas City, Kas., was un- known at that date, and Westport was a stopping place for supplies on the overland route to Santa Fe. When Mr. Jacks came to his present home it was a perfect thicket and wilderness, the Indians being the principal proprietors of the land at that time. He paid at first $14 per acre for forty- nine acres, and shortly after bought sixty acres at $'25 per acre, which land now lies within five miles of the city limits of Kansas City, Kas., and is now valued at $300 per acre, which value J, 6G0 HISTORY OF KANSAS. will be greatly enhanced when the great manufacturing plant of the Southwest is erected. He was present at the "Great Corn Feast," the last held by the Wyandotte Indians, two and one-half miles west of Wyandotte, Kas., near the Old Indian Spring, so well known to early settlers, and heard the speeches delivered by the principal chiefs, both in the Indian and English languages. Gov. Walker, who was of the Wyandotte tribe, spoke in both languages and Chief Gray Eye, of the Wyandotte tribe, also orated before the tribes in his native tongue. Mr. Jacks is held in high esteem by his neighbors for his sterling worth and integrity, and he and his wife expect to spend the rest of their days on their present farm, surrounded by everything to make life comfortable and pleasant. In addition to their home farm they own eighty acres of valuable land in Platte County, Mo. W. F. Jaques is foreman of the shipping department of Armour's Packing House, and has been in the employ of Armour for the past five years. He was born in Illinois in 1855, and acquired his early education in the public schools of Geneseo, and afterward engaged in teaching for four years, after which he emigrated to Ellis, Kas., and began the publication of a newspaper. After editing the Ellis Head- light for three years he sold out, and for three years was employed as a cleru in the Union Pacific Railway offices at Ellis, Kas. At the end of this time he came to Kansas City, Kas. , and entered tlie employ of Armour as a clerk, but at the end of two years was promoted to fore- man of the lard department, and one year later was given control of the shipping department, a position he has tilled ever since. He was married at Geneseo, 111., in 1881, to Miss Jennie L. Paul, a native of Illinois, born in 1858. They have one child, a boy, Ewart Paul, born November 22, 1888. Mr. Jaques is a warm Republican in his views, and being a young man of many sterling principles his future pros- perity is assured. He is the owner of some property in Kansas City, and his home is at No. 746 Sandusky Avenue. His parents, W. C. and Eliza A. (Beers) Jaques, were born in Pennsylvania. The father is now living in Geneseo, but the mother died in 1880. During the time Mr. Jacques was engaged in publishing a newspaper at Ellis, Kas., he also read law in the office of Lawyers David Rathbone and M. M. Fuller, and was admitted to the bar, but has never engaged in the practice. August F. Jasper, coal and feed merchant, Argentine, Kas. Mr Jasper is one of the oldest settlers of this county, having made his first appearance here in 1803, and is a prominent and popular bus- ^rr iness man. He was born in Leipsic, Germany, April 18, 1855, and is the fifth in a family of nine children born to Herman and Minnie Jas- per, natives also of Germany. The parents came to the United States in 1859, located first in Osage County, Mo. (1860), and later moved to this county, where the father was engaged in farming and teaming. When they first located here the land was a wilderness and heavily timbered, and the father and his sons did a great deal to clear the land of the heavy timber. Their earliest neighbors were Indians, living with them in perfect peace, and West Kansas City was all under brush and heavy timber. Our subject has seen the first laying of the dif- ferent railroad tracts through the city, and all the other large improve- ments. Up to the last few years he has devoted his attention to potato growing and fruit raising, but in the fall of 1888 he started his coal and feed store, in which he has been very successful. He started with a very limited capital, but meeting with success he is now able to sup- ply them in any quantity. Mr. Jasper is single, and has taken care of his mother since the death of the father, who died November 25, 1889, when in his seventy-ninth year. In politics Mr. Jasper is a Republican, and was road overseer of his township for four years and six months in succession. He is a member of the Argentine Associa- tion. In his religious views he is a German Lutheran. Mrs. Sarah Johnson, of Kansas City, Kas., is a daughter of Joseph R. and Nancy (Parish) Farrar, who were born in Kentucky, but were married in Indiana, where the father followed the occupation of a farmer, and there reared his children, all of whose births occurred in that State. After the mother's death, which occurred in that State, the father came West, and about 1855 settled in Leavenworth, where he resided until his death, which occurred when he was about fifty- eight years of age. His father, William Farrar, was a native of Culpep- er County, Va. , but spent the greater portion of his life, and died, in Kentucky. He was the father of seven children, of whom Joseph K. was the eldest. His youngest son, Andrew Jackson Farrar, still sur- vives, and resides with Mrs. Johnson. The Farrars are of Scotch - Irish descent and Mrs. Johnson, who was born in 1831, like her broth- ers and sisters, was reared to maturity in Indiana, and was married there and had become the mother of three children before her removal West. She and her husband settled in Leavenworth, Kas., in 1862, and there made their home for about six years, when they came to Kansas City, Kas., where Mr. Johnson purchased a large farm at $11 per acre, selling it afterward for $00,000. They then moved to Wy- i, Vy JSI 662 HISTORY OF KANSAS. audotte, and here Mr. Johnson's death occurred, April 1, 1888, at the age of seventy-lwo years. He was twice married, and by bis first wife became the father of nine children, his last wife bearing him the following family: Thomas, Jennie (wife of Scott Odor), Ellen (wife of Chris Austed), Belle (wife of William Smith), Ulysses, Ben- jamin, Willie, and four deceased. Mr. Johnson was a Henry Clay Whig, afterward becoming a Republican, and for many years served as one of the county commissioners, being a popular official and use- ful citizen. He was, as is his widow, a member of the Christian Church, and is now sleeping his last sleep in Oak Grove Cemetery. Charles B. Johnson, real estate dealer, Kansas City, Kas On April 30, 1840, in Tompkins County, N. Y., there was born to the union of Henry L. and Ocee Ann (Brown) Johnson, a son, whom we now take as the subject of this sketch. Charles B. was educated in the common schools, and when quite young began learning the har- ness-maker's trade. He was reared on a farm in Ohio, whither his father had moved in 1846, and followed his trade in West Bedford for some time. Later he went to New Castle, the same county, and car- ried on his trade there until June, 1861. He then volunteered in the United States Army, Company K, Twenty-fourth Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, under Capt. Givens, and entered the service on June 1, 1861. He went into camp at Camp Burt, Coshocton County, Ohio, and after remaining there a month went to Camp Chase, Ohio. Thence, in July of the same year, he went to Bellaire, Ohio, from there to Pittsburgh, Penn., and later was ordered to Washington, but the order was coun- termanded. He was then sent back to Clarksburg, W. Va., but was there taken sick with chronic diarrhea. He was taken to the hospital, but the treatment being ineffectual, he, with some companions, escaped from the hospital, and followed their company through the mountains, camping in the very lines of the Confederates. After joining his com- mand at Cheat Mountain Summit, W. Va., Mr. Johnson assisted in erecting a fort and barracks, made of logs, with port holes. In Sep- tember, 1861, they were surrounded by the enemy, for seven days had some lighting, and were then relieved by other troops. They re- mained there for some time, and then went to Greenbrier, where they were defeated, but afterward retreated to their old fort at Cheat Mount- ain Summit, W. Va. A month later they were ordered to Clarks- burg, W. Va. , thence to Louisville, Ky. , under Gen. Wilson, and from there into winter quarters at Camp Wyeliffe, in Kentucky. In Feb- ruary of 1862 they were ordered to Bowling Green, Ky. , to go into ■^S It^ lI^l WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 663 the tigbt, marcbed ou the enemy, fired on them, and caused them to retreat. After this the command was ordered to West Point, Ky., and from there they went by boats down the Ohio River to Padiicab, under Gen. Nelson. From there they went up the Cumberland River to Fort Donelson, expecting to assist in the tigbt, but did not reach there until the morning of the surrender. From there they went to Nash- ville, Tenn. , were there at the surrender, and at that place Mr. John- son was again taken ill, being in the hospital at Nashville for some time. After recovering he was detailed as clerk, and served in that capacity for nine months and twenty seven days. He was then dis- charged on a surgeon's certificate of disability — for heart and lung trouble. Returning home to Ohio, he remained in Coshocton County for some time, and then went to Mount Vernon, Knox County, of the same State. There he worked at his trade with George Hawk for nine months, after which, in 1864, he moved back to Bladensburg. From there he went to Roscoe, carried on a shop there for two years, and in the fall of 1867 moved to New Castle, Coshocton County, Ohio, where he made his home until 1886. In 1874 he patented the Diamond Trace Buckler, for which he received $1,000, and while a resident of that city he held the office of justice of the peace, resigning that position after serving a few months on his fourth term. He was also proprie- tor of the Union Hotel, New Castle, for live years, and made considera- ble money at this. Mr. Johnson has been twice married, his first union being with Miss Martha Baltzall, a native of Bladensburg, Ohio, on March 7, 1863. She was the daughter of Joseph and Lydia Balt- zall, and died on July 12, 1865. The fruits of this union were two children, both of whom died in infancy. Mr. Johnson's second mar- riage was on July 7, 1867, to Miss Charity E. Fulkerson, a native of Coshocton County, Ohio, and to them were born four children — two now living: George W. and Robert M. Blanche died at the age of thirteen years, and another (Mabel) died at the age of eighteen months. The eldest son is now in the laundry business with his uncle, M. J. Fulkerson. Mr. Johnson sold his property in Ohio in 1886, moved to Kansas City, Mo., and there remained for nearly two years. He then crossed the line to Kansas City, Kas., and engaged in merchandising, which he carried on for a year. He began dealing in real estate shortly after coming here, and has owned three farms, besides considerable real estate in both Kansas City, Mo., and Kansas City, Kas. He also owns property in Guthrie, Ind. T. He has been quite fortunate since locating here, and is a prominent business man. He gets $24 per month ~® ^V 664 HISTORY OF KANSAS. f pension, is a member of the G. A. R. , and althoiigli formerly a Re- publican, is now a Democrat, and believes in tariff reform. In 1874 he invented the Brace Collar, patented it, and made over 15,000 out of it. He is quite an inventive genius. The parents of Mr. Johnson were natives of New York, were married there, and in 1846 moved to Ohio, where the father carried on farming and basket-making. He was a member of the Baptist Church, and in his political views was a Republican. Grandfather Johnson was a native of Ireland, and was a Revolutionary soldier on the side of the colonists. James R. Johnson was born in Oldham County, Ky. , on July 10, 1843, and is a son of James T. and Matilda A. (Twistler) Johnson, the former born in Kentucky, February 21, 1816, and the latter in Penn- sylvania. The father was reared in his native State and Indiana and about 1857 came to Kansas, and besides farming, followed various oc- cupations near Leavenworth for two years, when he came to Kansas City, pui'chasing some land near Armourdale, which he afterward sold for $800 per acre. He soon after moved to Kansas City, and here passed from life on April 1, 1888. A more complete history of his life may be found in the sketch of Mrs. Sarah E. Johnson. James R. Johnson grew to manhood in Kansas, and there received State of Indi- ana common- school advantages, remaining with bis father until he en- tered the army, which was on September 9, 1861, and received his discharge on October 7, 1865, during which time he served in Com- pany F, Seventh Kansas Cavalry, Army of the Cumberland, and took part in the battles of Corinth, Tupelo, Kossuth, Baldwin, Hamburg Landing, and a number of minor engagements. He followed Price on his raid, also Van Dorn. After the war Mr. Johnson followed various pursuits, and at one time filled the position of deputy marshal, and for six or seven years was a policeman at Kansas City, and had charge of the night force at that time, and is also serving as bailiff of the courthouse. He was wounded by a gunshot at Kossuth, Miss., on August 27, 1862, and also received a sunstroke about July 1, 1804, and since 1871 has received a pension of 18 per month for these inju- ries. He is now a member of the G. A. R., the U. V. U. , and in his political views is a stanch Republican. He has just returned from Boston, and besides this place, during his trip East, he visited New York, Baltimore, also Washington Cincinnati and St. Louis. He was married in Wyandotte County to Miss Helen E. Dilley, by whom he has one child, Charley L. His wife's people were Virginians, but she was born in Ohio and inherits both French and German blood '-^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. H65 from her aucestors. Mr. Johnson is one of the well-to-do residents of this section and is an honoratile and upright man in ever)' worthy par ticular. Dr. Thomas H. Johnson (colored), a prominent physician as well as a worthy citizen of Kansas City, Kas. , was born in Alhemarle County, Va. , July 4. 1844, being a son of Dr. Robei-t and Eliza Johnson, who were also natives of that State. He spent his early life in his native State, receiving the advantages of the common schools, and in 1866 went to Washington, D. C. , where he remained about two or three years, giving his attention to the shoemaker's trade, which he had learned in his boyhood. His next place of residence was Syracuse, N. Y. , but a year later went to Springfield, Mass. , and at the end of six months to Boston, Mass., his attention during all this time being devoted to his trade. In 1871 he determined to take Horace Greeley's advice and '"go west," and his first location was made at Junction City, Kas. In early life he had resolved to fit himself for the practice of medicine, and during all the subsequent years, which he spent at his trade he still held to this resolution, and his leisure moments were devoted to the study of medical works. Being a first-class workman at his trade, he gradually accumulated means, but this calling being insufficient to satisfy the cravings of his nature he determined to aban- don it, not however, iintil he had resided in the following places: Abi- lene, Lawrence, and lastly in Kansas City in 1877, The following year he returned to Lawrence and labored as actively in the practice of his profession as he had previously done at shoemaking, and won quite a reputation for himself as an able practitioner. In the fall of 1878 he removed to Leavenworth, Kas., but from that place, in the fall of the following year, he returned to Kansas City, which place has since been his home. He took his first course of medical lectures in the Medical Department of the Nebraska State University at Lincoln, during the fall of 1S78, and in the spring of 1874, but during the years of 1886-87 and 1887-SS he attended the California Medical Col- lege, formerly of Oakland, but now of San Francisco, and was graduated from this institution as an M. D. in the spring of 1887. He made a specialty of the treatment of chronic diseases, and he has built up a reputation for himself which extends beyond the limits of the State. He has, in the past, traveled quite extensivly while practicing his pro fession, and he now has patients in some of the remotest parts of the United States. Dr. Johnson possesses a fine intellect, and as he has devoted many years of his life to his calling, he is known to be an ^ £ r~ ■"* 8 V ^\b — - -^ — "L^ 666 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. able practitioner, and is now in possession of a large and lucrative practice. He is the owner of valuable property at No. 818 Minnesota Avenue, which he bought and improved in 1883. He is a man of pleasing and agreeable manners, and he and his estimable wife have a large circle of fi'ieiids and acquaintances. He is a devoted member of the Republican party, and socially is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity. He belongs to the Kansas State Medical Society, the Cali- fornia State Medical Society, and he and Mrs. Johnson are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was married October 27, 1871, to Miss Georgia A. Payne, a native of Virginia. Henry F. Johnson (colored), is a prominent ex-grocer of Kansas City, Kas., and the property of which he is now the owner has been acquired by ceaseless industry, united with a strong and determined effort to succeed in life, and the result of his labors have far exceeded his expectations, although fully deserved. He is a native of New Orleans, La., his birth occurring there on July 19, 1848. In August, 1803, he enlisted in the war, becoming a member of the Seventeenth Louisiana Infantry, but the following February, was honorably dis- charged on accoiint of physical disability, and immediately following the war began working at the carpenter's trade in his native State, a calling he continued to pursue there until 187'.). In that year he removed to Kansas City, Mo., where he remained two years, removing in 1881 to Kansas City, Kas., where he engaged in the grocery biisi- ness, meeting with the best of success. He did an extensive and pay- ing business until Feliruary, 1890, when he retired from active life. He has by economy and judicious management accumulated consider- able property and his attention is now chiefly given to its successful management. He is the owner of an express line consisting of four teams, and this enterprise nets him quite a nice little sum annually. In his political views he is independent, and has served one term as a member of the city council. Socially, he belongs to the A. F. & A. M. _ and the I. O. O. F. , and as a man and citizen he commands the respect and esteem of all, for he has always proved himself honor- able in every particular, an enterprising, an industrious, and a law-abid- ing citizen. Miss Mary A. Lewis, a native Louisianian, became his wife in September, 1870, and their lives since that time have been happy and contented. Solomon J. Jones, foreman of the car department of the Fort Scott and Gulf .shops, was born in Penmark, South Wales, May 17, 1837, being the son of David Jones. The father was a Welshman, and a sawyer by profession. He married Mrs. Yoratb, aiul to tljis anion was born the subject of this sketch. The mother by her lirst nuirriage had eleven children. While Solomon was in his eleventh year, his father died, being a good Christian man, and a member of the Baptist Church. Thus the responsibility of his early training fell upon the mother, who exhibited great force of character and performed her duty nobly. At an early age Solomon commenced to work, first finding employment that paid very little, but taught him habits of in- dustry and perseverance, and so litted him for the battle of life in after years. He first oiled machinery, next learning the wagon-making trade, and after the family moved to Aberdare, worked in a carpent(H- shop. Borrowing money, Solomon went to London, England, landing in that great city with only 15 in his pocket, but in a short time se- cured work in the suburbs. He then moved to Stratham, where he remained nine years, and about this time he found his trade exceed- ingly useful, and soon raised himself to the position of foreman. Seeing the advertisements from Kansas City, and being well pleased l)y the prospects held out, he came to the United States, landing in Kansas City, May 10, 1870. His first employment was work on the Lindel Hotel, and sent to London for his family. He next commenced to work for the Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad, and in 1886 he was given his present position in the shops. Mr. Jones married Miss Amy Stand- ing, of London, March 16, 1862, and to this union have been born three daughters and a son, viz. : David (who is running a switch en- gine in the yards at Kansas City), Ann Eliza (the wife of C. H. Gates, grocer at Kansas City), Emma (wife of Charles Spencer, blacksmith), and Margaret (who resides with her parents). Mr. Jones is an un- compromising Prohibitionist, but in local matters votes for the man he thinks most capable of filling the desired office. He owns a comfort- alDle home in this city, and is held in high esteem by his many friends. He was elected to the council in 1887, and again in 1890, and has been a member of the school board for the past three years, and at the present time is treasurer of this body. He belongs to the Masons, Odd Fellows, Foresters, K. of P., A. O. U. W., and the Degree of Honor of the K. of U. \V., and Knights of Pythias Grand Lodge of Kansas. Charles J. Jones, who is at the present time one of the leading con- tractors and builders of Kansas City, Kas. , was born at South Brooks, Waldo County, Me., Decemloer lU, 1844, being the son of Israel P. and Sarah E. (Honson) Jones. His parents were both natives of Maine ^. ^fV '-\^ 668 HISTORY OF KANSAS. and of Quaker descent. The Jones family has been in the United States since 1500, tracing their ancestry back to Thomas Jones, who was a Welslimau. Israel Jones was a ship builder and carpenter, and thus his son naturally inherited a taste for that trade. The subject of this sketch passed his childhood and early youth in his native State, and learned his trade in the city of Boston, working there and in other Eastern cities until he enlisted in the late war in 1864. He was in Company A, Massachusetts Cavalry, under Col. Lowell, doing guard duty at Harper's Ferry and other places in the Shenandoah Valley. He was mustered out of service in 1865, and remained in Massachusetts until 1868, at which time he moved West, settling first at Omaha. Neb., and afterward going through the States of Nebraska and Iowa, con tracting, he finally locating in Sioux City, where he continued to live six years. In 1876 he came to Kansas City, and has contracted for and built many of the handsomest business houses and residences in this city, giving at all times entire satisfaction and gaining the confidence of all who know him. He has been for the past three years in the em- ploy of the Lovejoy Planing Mills. He has built among other well- known houses, two large residences for Gen. Bowman, the packing- houses of Dold & Son, and for the American Dressed Beef Company. He also superintended the building of the Beloit, Kas. , High School. Mr. Jones was married on June 4, 1885, to Miss Mary Gunn, of Beloit, Kas., whose native place is Massachusetts. He is a member of the Republican party, and is a very public-spirited man, evincing great in- terest in all matters that relate to the advancement of this community. He belongs to the Summonduwott Lodge, I. O. O. F., and also of the Burnside Post, G. A. R. Charles H. Jones, general superintendent of the Armourdale Foun- dry, is a gentleman of large experience, and one who is thoroughly skilled in his business. He is a native of the Keystone State, his birth occurring August 1, 1850, and was the second of six childi'en born to his parents. The father was a native of England, born in 182], and was a boot and shoe maker by trade. He is residing in Pennsylvania at the present time. The mother, who was a native of England, born in 1821, is also living in Pennsylvania. Mr. Jones started out to fight life's battles for himself at the age of twenty years, but previous to this, when fifteen years of age, learned the trade of molder in Tama- qua, Penn. He was foreman of the foundry in Danville, Penn. , for a year and a half, and then went to Wesley, Ala., where he remained four years as foreman, and where they employed about sixty men. l^ ^t WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 669 Subsequently he went to Moberly, Mo., was foreman of a foundry in the Wabash Raih'oad shops for three years, with a force of about seventy-five men. He has held many important positions, and filled thera all in a very satisfactory manner, being molder and foreman of some of the principal foundries in the different parts of the United States. He then engaged with another firm in Moberly Mo. , remained with this for two years, and then went to St. Louis, Mo., where he engaged with the Malleable Iron Company. After remaining there a year as foreman he engaged with the St. Louis Car Wheel Com- pany, and continued with the same for nearly three years. Later he came to Kansas City, Mo., was with The Kansas City Car Wheel Company for two years and eight months, and then, crossed the line to Kansas City, Kas. , where he is at present the general superintendent of Armourdale Foundry. Mr. Jones obtained his education in the public schools, and was married to Miss Dora Sheldon, a native of Brooklyn, Iowa. They are the parents of four children — three sons and a daughter: Rodney (eleven years of age, and is attending the public schools), Lulu (aged nine years). Earl (five years of age), and Kenneth (two and a half years old). Mr. Jones has affiliated with the Republican party, but is not a strict partisan, supporting men of principle rather than party. He is a skilled artisan in his profession, and as far as he knows at the present time, will make Kansas City, Mo. , his home. He is thoroughly conversant with every detail of his business, and is well known in all the mechanical circles with which he has been associated. He is a valuable man, and has the entii-e good will of his subordinates. Hon. David E. Jones, ex-mayor of Rosedale and manager of the Western Iron Company's interests, at the above-mentioned place, is another citizen of foreign birth in this county deserving of special prominence. He was born in Wales October 13, 1855, and is a son of John E. and Ann Jones, natives also of Wales. The parents emigrated to the United States in 1863, located at Cleveland, Ohio, remained there about a year, and then went to Chicago, where they remained until 1873. From there they went to Pittsburgh, Penn., remained there until 1875, when Mr. Jones brought his family to Rosedale, and he went to Topeka. He was foreman for the Kansas Rolling Mills for some time, but in recent years has been in Argentine. He is now sixty- four years of age, has been in the iron business all his life, and is a prac- tical iron man. He is highly educated and writes for Welsh papers under the nom de plume of Abloan. The mother died in Rosedale, in "Fl^ =4^ t)7(l HlSTOliY OK KANSAS 187S. when tifty-four years of age. She wiis connected with the Baji tist Church for many years. J Mr. Jones belongs to the A. O. U. W.. the K. of P., and in politics adheres to the Republican party. He is the father of si.K children, four now living: Ivor (located at Toledo, Ohio), Moroydd (wife of \Villiam McGeorge, mayor of Argentine and ex-mayor of Rosedale), and Urien (druggist, at Rosedale). David E. Jones received his education 'in the ward schools of Chicago, and in the ^\'estern University "of Pittsburgh, Penn. When eleven years of age he commenced work in Chicago, and continued this until 1S7H. when he went to Pittsburgh, and attended school. He then commenced keeping books for William Boyd & Son. and later accepted the posi- tion of chief clerk of the rolling-mills, in whose employ he has re mained ever since. In 1881 he was appointed assistant superintend eut of the works, and since closing the works Mr. Jones has had charge of the business here. In ISSl'he was elected mayor of the city, and served five terms, was clerk of the -school board one year and city treasurer one term. In 1881 he was united in marriage to Miss Leon ora Mathias, daughter of David Mathias, and they have one son. Leu D. Socially Mr. Jones is a member of the Masonic fraternity, being junior wai-den of the lodge, is a K. P., a member of the Grand Lodge K. of P. of Kansas, the A. O. U. W. , a member also of the Grand Lodge A. O. U. W. , and is a member of the Foresters and Degree of Honor. In politics he is a Republican, was president of the Republican Club dur- ing the last campaign, and was chairman of the Central Coinmittee. He has ever been prominent in politics. John L. Jones has been connected with the grocer's trade in Kan- sas City, Kas. , since January 22, 1886, and his establishment is one of the most popular ones in the city, for he not only sells his goods at reasonable rates, but is courteous and accommodating to his customers, and shows that it is his earnest desire to please them. He was born near Lima, Allen County, Ohio, April SO, 1861, being a sou of Will iam H. and Margaret (Jenkins) Jones, the former of whom was born in Montgomeryshire, Wales, and the latter in Lima, Ohio. William H. Jones was a son of .John and Elizabeth (Hughes) Jones, and at the age of seventeen years came to America and settled in Butler County, Ohio, in which State he spent the remainder of his life. He almost immediately entered upon his trade of wagon-making, and made this his chief occupation through life. . He was an exceptionally well-in- formed man and was a graduate of a Cincinnati College and being of a studious turn of mind he aci)uired a very tine education. In his ^r^ >. early days he taught school eight years, the famous journalist, Mu^ rat Halstead, being one of his pupils. Throughout the latter part of his life he gave his attention to farming, and having proved himself thorooghlv honorable in every walk in life he had the esteem and con- fidence of' all. He died December 24, 1882. His wife was a daugh^ ter of Evan Jenkins, a native of Wales, who on coming to the United States, located in Alien County, Ohio, where he spent the remainder of his life. He was a tiller of the soil, and his farm, which compri^s eighty acres, is now occupied by a iK)rtion of the town of Lima. The subject of this sketch is the third in a family of nine children, all of whom are living, and his youth and early manhood were spent m Al- len Countv Ohio, his educational advantages being very good. After attaining his majority he went to Delphos, Ohio, and clerked for two vears in^a grocery st<;re, but in 1883 came to Kansas City, and here has made his home ever since. After clerking for two years for the grocery firm of Erickson & Wheeler at Xo. 247 James Street, on Jan- uary '^''> 1880. Mr. Jones purchased Mr. Erick.on's interest, and the firm of Wheeler ic Jones continued for two years and five months, where- upon Martin Myers became associated with Mr. Jones. On Octo^r 8 188S they removed to the large two-story bi-ick at the corner of Sixth Strpet and OrvUle Avenue, and here they have since conducted an ex- ceptionally large and well-appointed establishment. His estimable wife was formerly Miss Marv E. Morgan, an old school-mate of his in Allen County, Ohio. They have one child, Walter M., who was born on Autmst 3 1888. ^tfr. Jones has always been a stanch member of the Re'publican party, and is at present a member of the city council, bavin- been elected in April, 1800. He belongs to the K. of P.. having joined that order in Ohio on his twenty-first birthday, or in Apriiri882. ^^ ^,.^ „ John Reefer. Among the many industries m Kansas City, Kas.. that call for special notice in a work of this kind is that which deals in the necessaries of life, principal amonglwhich is that of groceries. Kansas City contains some first-class stores in this line of business, principal among the number being that of Mf. Keefer, who has been established in this business since the fall of 1887. He was born in Chicago, 111.. September 12, 1859. to John and Ellen (Hams) Keefer, who were native Germans, but who came to America single and were married in Chicago about 1852. Of a famUy of nine children born to them-tive were sons and four danghters-of whom two sons and three daughters are now living. Their names in order of birth areas *% >>. follows: Mary, Peter, John, Joseph, Ellen, Anna, August, Peter and Katie. Mary, John, Joseph, Ellen and Katie are living. The mother of these children died on May 29, 1882, but the father is still living and makes his home in Chicago. The subject of this sketch spent his early life in his native city, and received a very good early eduea tion, and at twenty years of age he became employed in an oleomar- garine factory, and at the expiration of six months he was made fore- man of the same, continuing in that capacity for about two years. On June 16, 1882, he came from Chicago to Kansas City, Kas., and a few days after his arrival he entered the employ of the Armour Pack- ing Company and remained with it about four years, all of which time, with the exception of one month, he was foreman of the oleo margarine factory at this place also. In the fall of 1887 he engaged iu the grocery business on his own responsibility at No. 1922 North Third Street, but about two months after starting, the building iu which his business was conducted caught fire, and although it was not entirely destroyed, it was rendered unfit for further use, and the stock of goods was severely damaged. The rooms above his store he occupied as a residence, and had a short time before gone to consider- able expense to furnish them nicely, but, as the insurance was small, the loss was severely felt. He removed his family to a residence far- ther up the street, that stood on the ground now occupied by hi.s present business Ijuilding, and in the course of two months be had again opened a store at his old stand, the building having been re- paired. Here he continued to remain until August, 1888, when he traded his stock for a vacant residence lot on the corner of Sherman Avenue and the Quindaro Boulevard. Meanwhile, in January, 1884, he had purchased a lot 54x120 feet. No. 2018 North Third Street, and upon it, in the fall of 1888, he erected the business building he now occupies. It is an excellent room. 22x48 feet, and is well situated. Here, in September, 1888, he opened a lirst-class grocery and meat- market, and has conducted it very successfully ever since, for he is accommodating, genial and honorable iu his dealings with the public, and this, together with his desire to please his patrons, has enabled him to build up a substantial lousiness. He now has one of the best retail groceries on Third Street, and it is recognized by the public as a iirst-class place to trade. His residence is located upon the south half of his lot, its number being 201t). Mr. Keefer was married, February 6, 1883, to Miss Lena Anna Kuhr, who was born in Chi cago on March 5. 1862, she being a daughter of Adam and Mary ;ir (Riplinger) Kuhr, who were both born in Germany, and accompauied their respective parents to America, the former at the age of sixteen and the latter when fourteen. They were married in Chicago about 1844, and of a family of thirteen children born to them Mrs. Keefer was the ninth. The names of the family are as follows: John, Kate, Adam, Lena A., George, Peter and Maggie. Those deceased are Michael, Anna, two named Mary, and another daughter that died very young. The mother of these children died in February, 1S84. hut the father still resides in Chicago. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Keefer resulted in the birth of three children: Matthew (born January 19, 1884), Mary (born February 22, 1886, and lived only a few hours), and John (born March 5, 1887). Both Mr. Keefer and his wife are members of the Catholic Church, and are accounted among the foremost and intelligent citizens of Kansas City. John Kern has been a resident of Wyandotte County, Kas. , since 1869, and during this time he has identified himself with the farming and stock-raising interests. He has become well known for his habits of industry, perseverance and integrity, as well as for his exceeding liberality in the support of worthy enterprises. His birth occurred in Baden, Germany, April 27, 1831, and he is the third child born to Se bastian Kern, who was also born there. He remained in his native land engaged in farming until 1869, when he crossed the ocean to America, landing at New York City, and the same week came West and settled in Wyandotte County, Kas., where he purchased a fertile little farm of eighty acres, a considerable portion of which was covered with timber. He set to work immediately to improve his land, and now has it well improved with a good orchard, residence, barn and other out- buildings, and has an abundant amount of stock with which to suc- cessfully conduct the same. In 1861 he was united in marriage to Miss Teresa Schooren, who has proved a true helpmate in their en- deavors to secure a home in the West. They are thrifty, like all their countrymen, and have thus far proved valuable residents of Wyan dotte County. Mr. Kern is a Democrat in his political views, he and wife are members of the Catholic Church, and the children that have been born to them are four in number: Emma, Mary (wife of Oscar Smith), Anna (wife of Decatur Durham) and Joseph (who assists his father in the care of his farm). Charles E. Kern, fruit-grower and gardener, Kansas City, Mo. This prominent business man emigrated from Ohio to Wyandotte County, Kas., in 1882, engaged in his present business, and is the ^ owner of thirteen acres. Mr. Kern spends a great deal of his time gardening, and his home is surrounded by a large lawn which he has planted with many choice and beautiful flowers and shrubbery, mak- ing it one of the most attractive adjoining Kansas City. He has also devoted considerable time and expense to winter gardening, using about 300 sashes and making about 7,200 feet of glass. He has been unusually successful in business. Mr. Kern was born in Tyler County, W. Va. , on August 19, 1854, and is the only child born to the union of W. B. and Elizabeth (Rhodes) Kern, natives of West Virginia and Belmont County, Ohio, respectively. The father was a merchant in Bridgeport, Ohio. In 1866 he moved to Bridgeport, Ohio, where Charles E. was reared to manhood and educated in the common schools. But for an accident in boj'hood he would have taken a col- legiate course. He remained at Bridgeport until 1882, and then came West, where he purchased his present place of L. Walgamot. Mr. Kern was married on November 12, 1878, to Miss Eliza V. Lowry, daughter of Malcom and Mary Lowry, natives of West Virginia. Mrs. Kern was born in the Buckeye State on September 28, 1859. To their union the follow- ing children were born: Elizabeth L. and Mabel. Mr. Kern is a Repub- lican in his political views, and has held the office of school director several terms. He is active in his support of all worthy enterprises. Although he started without means he has accumulated a comfortable living for future days. H. N. Kerr is a pioneer of Wyandotte County, Kas. , and has been a resident of the State since 1859. He was born in Miami County, Ohio, September 9, 1820, and there grew to manhood, and was edu- cated in the common schools, but also received considerable instruction under West Lake, and also at bis home. He commenced for himself a poor boy, and after his marriage, which occurred on December 31, 1840, to Miss Sarah Morris, he rented land for about ten years, then purchased 242 acres, but afterward sold his lease for $1,000. About this time he was taken with the measles, which so impaired his health, that his doctors ordered him to the West, and he soon after went by stage to Urbana, Ohio, thence to Illinois, and purchased land near Bloomington, and here moved his family March 5, 1855. He contin- ued to reside and farm in Illinois until 1859, then removed with his family to Kansas, and rented land with the intention of seeing how he liked the country before he made a purchase. Being much pleased with this section, and predicting that a great city would .spring up, where Kansas City now is, he determined to locate here, and time has *^' nv ^shown the soimdness of bis judgment, for be is now woU-todo in worldly goods. He purcbased a farm bere in June, 1859, and until April 4, 1864, was engaged in raising stock on the same, after which he purchased the land on which he is living at the present time, con- sisting of lOoi acres. He bought, sold and traded land, until he now has 38O5 acres, Chelsea Park being on a portion of his farm. He gave money to the amount of about $60,000 for the founding of a college near his place, and donated and built the building on the base-ball park, .Chelsea Park, ten acres to a cable line, and has otherwise assisted in building up Kansas City to its present admirable proportions. Ho has a tine home on his property, and here he has reared his six chil dren: Sarah A., J. Wayne. Laura L., C. W., Emma L. and H. L., who all have excellent homes of their own. Mrs. Kerr is still living, and is live months younger than her husband. Mr. Kerr's parents, James and Sarah (Thompson) Kerr, were born in Ohio, the former a native of Warren Covxnty, and both died in their native State. Kerr is a Scotch name, and was formerly spelled Ker. The paternal grand- father was a spy for the colonists during the French and Indian War. C W. Kerr, real estate agent, Kansas City, Kas. The almost un- paralleled growth of Kansas City, Kas., and the rapid increase in population in Kansas, have opened up a wide and important field of enterprise in the line of real estate. Among the prominent men in the city who are engaged in this business is Mr. C. W. Kerr. He was born in Bloomington, 111., in 1857, and came to this State with his father when he was four years of age. Here he has been reared and educated, first attending the common schools, and later the business college in Kansas City, Mo. He then followed tilling the soil for a certain length of time, and then embarked in the commission business in Denver, Colo., where he remained two years. He then returned to Kansas, and has been in the real estate business since, under the firm title of Cox & Kerr. They first did business chiefly with their own property, but now they do a general broker business also. That which has contributed largely to their success has been the thoroughly re- liable and methodical business principles which have governed their dealing with this, community, and established for them a popular fa- vor which strict probity alone can secure. In his political views Mr. KeiT is a Democrat. He was married to Miss Anna Armentrout, and by her became the father of two children: Edna and Willie. Mr. Kerr has ever taken a lively interest in all that concerns the city, and is an enterprising citizen. He is proud to say that he is a member of > \ 4t 676 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. uo secret organizations. [For sketch of parents see biography of H. N. Kerr.] James W. Kerr is an Ohioan by birth, but was reared in the State of Kansas, and since his residence in AVyandotte County has identified himself with every interest. His birth occurred in January, 1848, and he is the second of the following family of children: Sarah (whose husband is a farmer and horticulturist of this State), James W., Laura (who is also married, her husband being an agriculturist and fruit -grower of this region), Emma (whose husband is in the same bus- iness), Corydon (who is a real estate dealer of Kansas City, Kas.), and Lester (who is a farmer by occupation, but is now on a tour in the Rocky Mountains). The parents of these children were born in Ohio, and are still living, the father being a farmer by occupation. James W. Kerr attended the common schools of Ohio, and has since been a warm friend of education and believes in the employment of compe- tent teachers, and especially teachers who do not make the calling a stepping-stone to some other profession. He started out in life for himself at the age of eighteen years, a poor boy, but by the industry, perseverance and prudence which have ever characterized his disposi- tion he has made a success of his life. He was eight years of age when his parents came with him to Wyandotte County, Kas., at which time the country was almost a wilderness, inhabited by the Wyandotte Indians and various wild animals. Kansas City, Kas., had hardly 100 houses, and as the '" Border Warfare" had just come to a close, the country was in a very lawless condition and the prospect for the early settler was indeed a dismal one. All the trouble, vicissitudes and hardships he has passed through have been inadequate to quell his energy, and although the grasshopper scourge destroyed all the crops, yet Mr. Kerr's faith in the future prosperity of the country did not waver. The land around Kansas City, Kas., could be purchased for $12 or $15 per acre, and where Mr. Kerr now resides it was worth only 15 or $6. The wonderful growth and prosperity of the country is in a great measure owing to just such men as Mr. Kerr, who had the hard- ihood to stay and make a home for his family, notwithstanding the many obstacles he had to surmount, and he has lived to see his farm of 13'2 acres, for which he paid $40 per acre, reach a value of $800 per acre. He raises a large amount of fruit, such as apples, peaches, pears, cherries, grapes, strawberries, blackberries and raspberries, to which he devotes thirty acres of his land. His residence is pleasant, neat and com- modious, and on this farm, which they have toiled so hard to win, he and "^ his wife expect to spend the rest of their days. His marriage to Miss Elizabeth Johnson took place April 5, 1880, and to them have been born four children: Hanford (aged ten years), Fowler (aged eight), Ma- bel (aged three), and an infant. Mr. Kerr is independent in his polit- ical views, and always endeavors to support men of principle and honor. He has always been liberal in the support of worthy enter- prises, and is a man who commands the respect of all who know him. G. W. Killmer, merchant, Argentine, Kas. Well directed energy and honorable dealings always tell in business, as indeed, in every thing else. Mr. Killmer has conducted a very prosperous business in Ar- gentine since 1885, and during that time his trade has advanced by rapid strides, until to-day he is in the enjoyment of perhaps the finest trade in the city. He owes his nativity to Lebanon County, Penn., where his birth occurred on November 7, 1851, and is a son of John and Catherine (Arrants) Killmer, natives also of that State. The parents emigrated to Indiana in 1853, located in Fulton County, where the father, mother and one daughter died. Emma L. Killmer died Jann ary 12, the mother February 17, and the father March 19, 188U. Of their ten children, eight are now living, but are married and scattered in differ- ent parts of the country: Mrs. Scharff (resides in. Logansport, Ind.), James M. (city mayor of Rosedale, Kas.), Charles (in Kewanna, Ful- ton County, Ind.), John (Monticello, Ind.), Frank E. (Muscatine, Iowa), Mrs. Alice Graud (of Logansport, Ind.), and Henry (of Frankport. Ind.). All the sons are in business of their own. G. Wi. Killmer was educated in the common schools of Fulton County (his parents be- ing among the pioneers), and conned his lessons seated on the old fash- ioned slab benches. In 1873 he went to Terre Haute, Ind., was em- ployed by the Howe Sewing Machine Company, and remained with this company for about two years at Logansport and Terre Haute. He fol- lowed this business for various companies for fourteen years, and then in 1881 started out as an auctioneer in Terre Haute, and traveled throughout the country. Resettled in Rosedale, Kas., in July, 1882, embarked in the mercantile business, and was about the first merchant of that place. He continued business here until the rolling-mill failed in 1884, and in March of the following year moved to Argen- tine, where he has since carried on business very successfully. He is the present assessor of Argentine, is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity, charter member of K. of P. lodge, A. O. U. W., Select Knights, Eastern Star, Iron Hall, Degree of Honor of A. O. U. W. He was married in 1877 to Miss Katie C. Lawrence, of Vigo County, ^. -K »|^ ^ Ind., and three children are the result of this union: Edith, Stella and George E. The father of our subject was a merchant all his life. James M. Killmer, mayor of Rosedale and a successful merchant of that place, owes his nativity to Schuylkill County, Penn., where he was born on October 13, 1845, and is a son of John and Catharine Kill- mer. He passed his boyhood and youth in Kewanna, Ind., whither he had gone with his parents when a child, and was reared on his father's farm. On January 24, 1864, he enlisted in Company E, Eighty- seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served until July, 1865. He was with Sherman on his campaign from Chattanooga, Tenn., to Atlanta, Ga. , and during all thattiiue was never wounded or taken prisoner, although in some very close places. He was mustered out at Louisville, Ky. He then returned to Kewanna, Fulton County, Ind., where he engaged in general merchandising with his father, remaining in business there until 186y, when he emigrated to Kansas and located in Topeka, and was there busy contracting in V)rick and stone, erecting some of the largest buildings in the city at that time. Five years later he removed to Great Bend, Kas., where he continued contracting for four years, and then carried on the same business at different places in Colorado. In 1882 he came to Rosedale, bought an interest in a general mercantile es- tablishment, located here, and here he has since remained. He is a suc- cessful business man and practices those principles of fairness and liber- ality, which are bound to hold and make more custom. Mr. Killmer's father before him was a merchant, and died at Kewanna, Ind., where the mother also died. Both were natives of Pennsylvania and of Ger- man descent. The father was a member of the A. F. & A. M. and the I. O. O. F. , and in politics was a Republican. James M. Killmer was elected city clerk in 1883, and served in that capacity until elected mayor in April, 1890. He was married January 1, 1884, to Miss Mary Stadler of Rosedale, and two children are the fruits of this union: May and James. Mr. Killmer is a member of the A. F. & A. M. , belong- ing to the Chapter. He is an Odd Fellow and also an A. O. U. W. In politics he is a Democrat. Mr. Killmer is one of six sons: Charles, John, George. Frank and Henry, all merchants, and he also has four sisters, two now living: Mary and Alice. Fields Kindred, farmer and stock-raiser, Edwardsville, Kas. Among the representative families of this county none are more fa- vorably known or highly respected than that to which the subject of this sketch belongs. He was originalh' from the Blcie-Grass State, his birth occurring in Madison County, in 1825, and was the sixth of ^^ _ la ^ twelve children, all of whom grew to maturity, born to the marriage of William and Mary (Garland) Kindred. William Kindred was also a native of Madison County, Ky., his birth occurring about 1794, and he was one of eight children: Nancy, Polly, Elizabeth, Nathaniel, Martin, David and John, born to William Kindred and wife, both natives of England. William Kindred, Sr., came to America at an early day, and served under Washington in the Revolutionary War. His brother Edward was a Baptist preacher, and though he became blind, still continued to preach. The brothers and sisters of our sub- ject are named as follows: Permelia Garland, Anderson, Sarilda, Syl- vester, Elzira, Joshua, Julinia, Caleb and Daniel B. Fields Kindred passed his boyhood and youth in Kentucky, and was married in 1852 to Miss Margaret A. Prather, daughter of John M. Prather, of Fayette County, Ky. , by whom he bad seven children, live of whom are still living: Mary E. (wife of James Wilson, of Raytown, Mo.), Mildred (wife of H. H. Saunders, of Platte County, Mo.), John W. (of Emmet, Wyandotte County, Kas. ), Charles (of lola, Allen Count3',Kas. ), and Lu- ther P. (also of lola, Kas.), Mr. Kindred came to Jackson County, Mo., in November, 1859, and resided in Clay County, Mo., until 1870, when he located on his present farm, consisting of 180 acres of good tillable land. Mrs. Kindred is a member of the Christian Church. Socially Mr. Kindred is a member of the A. F. & A. M. and also the F. M. B. A. at Edwardsville. Joseph E. Kinsella is foreman of the hog- killing gang for Swift & Co., at Kansas City, Kas. He was born in Muscatine, Iowa, April 21, 1857, being a son of John and Catherine (Carroll) Kinsella, both of whom were born in Waterford, Ireland, their marriage taking place in their native land about 1846. In 1849 they emigrated to America, and after residing in Chillicothe, Ohio, for a number of years, they removed to St. Louis, Mo., and in 1856 to Muscatine, Iowa, going in 1859 to Memphis, Tenn., and in 1861 returning to St. Louis. Two years later they removed to Chicago, where the father died September 1, 1888, and the mother September 21, 1889. Joseph E. Kinsella accompanied his parents to the above named cities, his early education being chiefly obtained in the city of Chicago. In 1869, or at the early age of twelve years, he entered the Kreigh Packing House, but at the end of three years became employed in a like establishment, owned by Small Bros., and two years later entered the services of John Morrell & Co., pork packers, i-emaining with this company for one year. In 1872 he came to Kansas City, but a week later returned 1-^ ' "^ ^ Al. to Chicago, and went to work for the packing firm of Ciilbertson & Blair, three months later becoming an employe of Philip Armour. He worked in his packing-house until 1877, but in the fall of that year returned to Kansas City, and was in the employ of Plankinton & Armour, for seven months. He next went to Hannibal, Mo., and after working for two months for the Hannibal Dressed Beef Com- pany, he, in May, 1878, went to St. Louis, and during the harvest season, following, he harvested in Illinois, Iowa and Minnesota. In the fall he returned to Chicago, and again secured employment with the Armour Packing Company, a year later entering Higgin's Packing House, with which he remained for five months. In the spring of 1 880 he sailed on the Great Lakes, chiefly in the capacity of a fireman, but in the fall of that year he secured employment with the Chicago Packing & Provision Company, with which he worked for four months. During the summer of 1881 he was an along shores man on the Chicago River, but in the fall he re-entered the employ of Armour, and this time remained with him one year. In the fall of 1882 he went to Sabula, Iowa, and for four months labored in the packinghouse of Jones & Stiles, after which he once more returned to Chicago, and for a few weeks was employed by Hagan & Co. In the spring of the same year, the same firm sent him to Omaha, being three months in the Boyd Packing House, and the following nine months were spent in Sioux City, Iowa, being in a similar establishment, owned by James E. Booge. The three months succeeding March, 1884, he was in the employ of Armour, at Kansas City, but in July, 1884, returned to his former employer, Mr. Booge. at Sioux City, this time remaining with him six months. He next went to Omaha, and soon after to Cedar Rapids, and finally back to Chicago once more. From the fall of 1884, for a year and a half, he worked for Armour, in Kansas City, two months in the spring of 1886, residing in Chicago, working for Moran, Healy & Co. Ottumwa, Iowa, was next the scene of his opera- tions, six weeks being spent in the employ of Morrell & Co., his former Chicago (»mployers. From that time until February, 1887, he was in Armour's Packing House of Kansas City. The following six months he was in Kansas City, a member of the fire department, thereafter spending nine months with the Allcutt Packing Company, the three subsequent months being with Armour, Cudahy Packing Company, of Omaha, Neb. After a short time spent in Chicago, Sioux City and St. Paul, he returned to the former place, going from there in October, 1888, to Duluth, Minn., then to St. Paul, and in the ^; fall to Kansas City, working live months with Swift & Co. He ne.^t spent a month in Sioux City, a week in Chicago, a week in. New York City, where he took passage on a steamer, the "Hindoo," and went to London, England, from there to Havre, France, and from that place returned to New York, thence to Sioux City, two months later to Chicago, where he spent fonr months in the employ of T. J. Tipton & Co., packers. In November. 1889, he returned to Kansas City, since which time he has been foreman of the hog-k'lling department of Swift & Co. He is thoroughly familiar with every feature of the packing-house business, having devoted twenty-one years to it. and he is discharging his present duties in a very satisfactory manner. He was married in November, 1886, to Miss Maggie Joyce, a native of Pennsylvania, born in 1866. He is a stanch Republican in his polit ical views, being a member of the Republican County Central Com- mittee, and is a first-class citizen and has numerous fi-iends. Calvin E. Klein, blacksmith, Quindaro, Kas. Identified with the blacksmithing business of Wyandotte County, Kas., is Calvin E. Klein, who was born in Luzerne Coimty, Penti., December U, 1851, and who is the son of Leonard and Mary A. (Labour) Klein, the mother of English and the father of Holland-Dutch descent. The parents reared a family of eleven children — eight sons and three daugh- ters — six of whom are now living. The three elder sons served in the late war: W. C, Capt. J. H. and Lieut. G. W., and three besides our subject are engaged in blacksmithing: W. C. and M. L. in Wyandotte, and J. W. in Omaha. In 1877 Mr. Klein came to Kansas, from Penn- sylvania, and was living in Wyandotte at the time of his death, which occurred in 1880. Calvin E. Klein remained with his parents until seventeen years of age (assisting his father in the shop and working for different farmers), at which time he left home, and soon after en- tered the employ of the Snyder Bros.' contract shops of Williamsport, Penn., where he remained three years. At the expiration of that time he returned home, learned general blacksmithing, and worked with his father two years. At that time he started in business for himself, and shortly afterward was united in marriage with Miss Laura L. Preston, daughter of Rev. James L. and Caroline (Lukens) Preston. He then left the shop and engaged in agricultural pursuits for two years more. He then moved to Hughesville, opened his shop again, and some time later moved to the old home place, his father having moved West. One year later, or in 1879, ol^r subject moved to Wyandotte County and entered the railroad shops at Armstrong, where he remained only ^1 682 HISTOllY OF KANSAS. a short time. After this he purchased an old shop at Quindaro, tore this down, and built his present quarters, where he has carried on his trade ever since. He has built up a good business, generally running about five inen. He has a nice brick cottage of five rooms, and is the owner of an acre of ground. He is the father of eight children: Emma L., Mary E., J. Wilbur, Myra E., Calvin E., Elsie May, Boyd L. and Laura Mabel. Mrs. Klein is a member of the Congregational Church, and Mr. Klein is a Master Mason. Both are highly esteemed citizens. Phillip H. Knoblock. No foreign country has contributed more liberally to the population of the United States than has Germany, and the citizens she sends over are as a whole enterprising and indus- trious in a marked degree, a statement that is fully verified by the life of Phillip H. Knoblock, a prosperous and highly esteemed resi dent of Kansas City, Kas. His birth occurred in Germany, near the Rhine, July 20, 1835, being the son of Peter and Mary Knoblock. The first eighteen years of his life were passed in the old country, where he received a good common- school education, and learned the habits of industry and peserverance that have contributed so largely to his success in business. At the expiration of that time, Mr. Knoblock came to the United States, settling in Quindaro, and numbering among the pioneers in this section of the country. He resided in Topeka at the time the war commenced, but came to Kansas City, to assist in organizing what is known as the Thrasher Artillery, in which he was ensign, to serve three months. However, upon oft'ering for service at Topeka, they were refused admittance for a shorter period than three years. Mr. Knoblock then organized Company B, that was placed in the First Kansas Regiment, and was appointed orderly sergeant. They marched under Capt. Roberts, who was succeeded by Capt. Alden, under Col. Dutcher, and serving in the Missouri depart- ment of Gen. Logan's force. They engaged in the battle of Duck Spring, Mo., August 1, and fought at Wilson Creek, on the 10th of that month after which they returned to St. Louis, and finally settled in Lexington. After remaining there two months, they went to Leaven- worth, where they were given ten days' leave of absence, going to Lawrence to organize the Mexican Brigade. They marched to Fort Riley, Kas. , and from that point went first to Pittsburg Landing, and later to Corinth, Miss. From there they went to Columbus, Ky. , then to Trenton, Tenn., where they remained until ordered to Corinth. After particijaating in the second battle at Corinth, they followed the WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 683 enemy to Kipley. Shortly after this. Gen. Grant took command, and they started with him on his famous march through the South, being selected to join the 5,000, who were to meet Gen. Forrest's eight sijuad force. The enemy not appearing, they marched to Memphis, Tenn., and in February, of 1805, went to Mulligan Bend. They took part in all the principal battles under Gen, Grant, and were mustered out of service at Leavenworth, Kas. , June 10, 1864. The subject of this sketch, after his return, was elected captain of the Kansas Militia, Twenty-third Regiment, Company F, Cavalry. They took part in Gen. Price's raid, and during that time he had charge of twenty eight companies. They were once more mustered out of service in Leaven- worth. After peace was again fully restored throughout the land, Mr. Knoblock came to Kansas City, Kas., engaging in contracting and building, an occupation that has continued to occupy his attention until a recent date, when he commenced the furnace business. Mr. Knoblock married Miss Margaret Moore in the month of November, 1864. Miss Moore's birth occurred in Ohio, March 22, 1841, To this union were born seven children — five of whom are living at the present time, viz. : Mary A. , Nellie N,, Birdie, Frank H. and Edna, The subject of this sketch is a member of the Republican party. In 18(')7 he was elected to the council, serving six years, and was also chosen school trustee for six years, and has served as superintendent of con- struction, and as city assessor. Mr. Knoblock is a member of Burn- side Post, No. 28, G. A. R. , also of Summenduwott Lodge No. 3, I, O, O. F. , in which he has reached the past grade. And he belongs to Wyandotte Encampment No. 9, in which he is past chief. He is a worthy, enterprising citizen, laboring to advance l)oth his own interests and those of the community in which he resides. Hermann Krueger. The family grocery trade of Kansas City, Kas. , is well represented by honorable business men who are full of enter- prise, and Mr. Krueger is one of those who holds a leading position in this line of business. He was born in Prussia, Germany, November II, 1839, to Christian and Eferseen (Hinze) Krueger, to whom were born a family of twelve chiklren: Augusta, Christian, William, Carl, Wilhelmina; Hermann and Bertha reaching maturity, but Augusta and Bertha have since died. Hermann is the only member of the family that came to America. The mother died in the early part of Novem- ber, 1876, and the father June 13, 1884. During his earlier years the latter acted as overseer of a large farm, but subsequently purchased a farm of his own, which he cultivated a great many years, becoming one of the wealthy men of his commnnity. For fifteen years prior to his death he led a retired life, and his last days were spent in peace and prosperity. The subject of this sketch attended school until he was fourteen years of age then began laboring on his father's farm, and at the age of eighteen years began serving an apprenticeship at the miller's trade. After he had become thoroughly familiar with this calling he followed it in the old country until 1867, then emigrated to America, embarking at Hamburg, April 20, and landing at Quebec, June 22. Upon reaching the New World he came directly to Kansas, and for a year and a half he made his headquarters at Lawrence, being en- gaged during this time as a railway bridge carpenter. In 1869 he came to Kansas City, Kas., and after following the ice business for one season, he spent the following year as a clerk. He next engaged in car building in the shops of the Union Pacific Railway, and con- tinued in that capacity for four years, removing, in 1874, to Topeka, where for six months he acted as car inspector for the above mentioned road. Returning to Kansas City he again became employed as a car builder, and in 1876 he removed to Fort Scott, where his home con- tinued to be for three and a half years, being employed as car inspector for the Fort Scott & Gulf Railway. In 1880 he returned to Kansas City, and after working here as a house carpenter until the fall of 1882, he removed to Ottawa County, Kas.. and made his home on a farm for about nine months. At the end of this time he once more returned to this place, and after carpentering until 1884, he engaged in the grocery business at the corner of Eighth Street and Minnesota Avenue, and to the successful management of this business he has since given his time and attention. He is now one of the leading retail grocers of the city, and from the month of May, 1885, to 1888, he has been located at the cor- ner of Fifth Street and Armstrong Avenue. In 1888 he erected a two- story brick business block at No. 259 North Tenth Street, and in No- vember of that year he here opened a large grocery and meat-mai'ket, which be has conducted with excellent results up to the present time. His building comprises two good store rooms, one of which is occupied by his groceries and the other by both fresh and salt meats. His pat- ronage is large and he bids fair to become one of the wealthy men of the city. He was married June 21, 1870, to Miss Minnie Treptow, a native of Germany, who came to America on the same vessel as himself, but he was called upon to mourn her death November 19, 1873, and after remaining a widower until August 5, 1874, he was married to Miss Louisa Funk, who was born in Prussia, June 10, 1852, being a daughter of John and Susan (Hagemaim) Funk, to whom a family of six children were born, the following of whom are living: Carl, Fred- erick L. and Louisa. Frederick came to America in 1869^ Louisa in 1872, and Carl in 1881, all being residents of Kansas City, Kas. The mother of Mrs. Krueger died April 9, 1865, and the father, who was a weaver by trade. May 12, 1866. Mr. and Mrs. Krueger's marriage resulted in the birth of the following children: Lena Louisa (born July 30, 1875, and died November 19, 1877), Otto (born February 17, 1877), Huldah Augusta (born October 26, 1878, and died January 3, 1882), Olga Hermina (born November 4, 1880), Imil (born June 10, 1882, and lived only a few hours), Julius Hermann (born July 13, 1884), Emma Wilhelmina (born July 9, 1886), and Frederick Hermann (born May 13, 1888). Mr. and Mrs. Krueger are worthy members of the German Methodist Church, and in his political views he is a Repub- lican. They are among the city's very best citizens and have a large circle of warm friends. Ambrose Key is one of the most extensive growers of small fruit, and is also one of the pioneers of this section. He has forty acres of land which he devotes to the raising of small fruits with the exception of three acres, and his profits on his berries, etc., nets him a handsome annual income. He came to this county in 1872 and commenced his present enterprise upon a limited scale, setting out about 1,200 orchard trees, but in 1878 he branched into the small-fruit business, setting out seven acres of blackberries, ten of raspberries, two of strawberries, three of grapes, 750 bushes of gooseberries and cur- rants, 350 cherry trees, 200 plum trees and 600 peach trees, all of which are in good condition. In experimenting with raspberries and peach trees he found that planting the two together he made a suc- cess, for both have done well. He has found the Ben Davis apple to be the most profitable, the tree being hardy, prolific, and the apple a good keeper, but he also raises the Winesap and Winter Pippin for winter use, and the Early Harvest, Red Astrachan and Red June for summer use. He has almost all kinds, but thinks the above mentioned to be the most profitable for Kansas. He is not well pleased with Kansas as a peach-growing State, but is otherwise satisfied with the country. He is, without doubt, one of the most successful fruit- growers in the State, and he has recently become an honored mem- ber of the Missouri Valley Horticultural Society. He was born in Montgomery County, Ind., November 27, 1829, and was the eldest of sixteen children born to George and Rebecca (Mintor) Key, natives of ^ HISTOKY OF KANSAS. Virginia and New Jersey, respectively. At the age of teu years Am- brose was taken to Iowa, before the first land sale, and there his father entered aboiit 2,000 acres of land situated in the north bend of Louisa County, in what was known as Virginia Grove, where Ambrose was reared to manhood, following farming and stock-raising until, 1855, when he embarked in the mercantile business in AVapello, con- tinuing until 1S5S, when he went to the Lone Star State, opening a lumber-yard, where he built up an extensive and paying trade, He manufactured lumber on the San Jacinto River, twelve miles above where Gen. Sam Houston whipped Santa Anna, and there he remained until 18(i8, when, owing to the ill feeling left in the South, and his poor health, he came to the North and made a visit to Kansas City, going afterward to St. Louis, being engaged in traveling for a grain firm. After remaining here one year, he made up a train and went to the southwest Indian country, where he stayed three years, regaining his health and making a good start in money matters. In 1872 he came to Wyandotte County, purchased his present farm of forty acres, and, as above stated, started his present fruit farm, which has brought him in good returns. He was married in 1858 to Miss Mary J. Gar- rett, a daughter of Col. Elisha Garrett, the founder of Garrettsville, Ohio, a manufacturing center. Mr. Garrett was a general manufact- urer of tools and wooden goods. To Mr. and Mrs. Key a family of four children were born: Sidney, Joseph, Nellie (a shorthand re porter in Denver, Colo. ), and Gertrude (a clerk in a loan office in Kansas City, Mo. Mr. Key is liberal in his political views, and, al- though not a member of any church, is a believer in religion, and is a strong supporter of enterprises that will prove of benefit to the county. He is charitable to the poor and distressed, and has always been found ready to extend the right hand of fellowshijJ to the deserving. The Keystone Iron Works, an important plant or enterprise of Kansas City, Kas. , is an institution which in push and enterprise of its most excellent management, and for its capacity to execute large orders, the location and financial push and resources, stands at the top of such enterprises in the Southwest. This plant was inaugurated on a small scale, but upon solid basis, in 1870, by Mr. James Smith, the present able and efficient president. The business was incorporated in 1881, on a capital of 1200,000. and the following year T. B. Bul- lene, the head of the renowned and well-known dry-goods firm of Bul- lene, Moore, Emery & Co., became a large shareholder and vice- president. The Keystone Iron Works carried on business on West -^ — "^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 687 Eighth Street, Kansas City, Mo., and in 1889 they removed to their present site. Their area of ground covers 120x745 feet, and is entirely covered by this enterprising plant. They comprise a machine shop, of which Mr. Davis is foreman, and which is supplied with cranes, lathes, bores, drills, planers, etc., and the power which a 100-horse engine supplies. The foundry of which Mr. Cowie is the able fore- man, has a thirty horse-power engine, and a cupola of thirty-ton daily capacity. A pattern-shop, whicli is presided over by Mr. A. Stall- berg, a designer of merit, has its own engine of twelve horse-power. The blacksmith shop, of which Mr. Whit Moran is foreman, has also a warehouse. Their shipping facilities are first class, and they have a platform space of 750 feet. The annual production consists of steam engines, boilers, machinery of all kinds, building fronts, bridges, archi- tectural and ornamental iron and brass work. Their growing and ex- tensive custom extends to Utah and on to the "land of the Montezu mas," Mexico, through Texas, Indian Territory, Wyoming, Nebraska, Dakota, and many other Western and Middle States. This industry has met with signal success, and as mamrfacturers of architectural iron work and general iron and brass founders, their goods have a special reputation for strength, durability, economy and perfect working. Closely identified with Kansas City, Kas., the Keystone Iron Works is deservedly awarded the highest consideration. Mr. Lathrop B. Bul- lene is the efficient secretary and treasurer. For biography of officials and foreman of this enterprising plant, notice particularly the sketches given in the History of Wyandotte County and Kansas City, Kas. C. M. Lackey, foreman of the butterine department of Armour Packing House, Kansas City, Kas., has filled his present position for six years, and in a very able and satisfactory way. He owes his na tivity to Indiana, his birth occurring in Indianapolis, in 1855, and there he grew to man's estate and secured a good practical education. He was reared to the arduous duties of the farm, and when twenty seven or twenty-eight years of age he left the parental roof and entered the employ of Armour's Packing Company, at Kansas City, Kas. He entered as a laborer, and was promoted to the position of foreman in 1887, and still holds that important position. He sees to making of butterine and oleo oil, and is an expert tester of the former. He was married in Kansas City, Kas. , to Miss J. S. Dormoise, a native of Williams County, Ohio, and the fruits of this union have been one child— Charles. Mr. Lackey adheres strictly to the Republican party in his political views, and is one of the first-class citizens of the county. :n^ JVJ ()8S HISTORY OF KANSAS. He resides at 316 Group Avenue. Socially he is a member of tlie I. O. O. F., and the A. O. U. W.; is the son of James and S. (Murry) Lackey, the father a native of Ohio, and the mother of Pennsylvania, and hoth of German extraction. They passed the most of their days in Indiana. Dr. Joseph Laudou, physician, Vance, Kas. Dr. Joseph Laudou, a physician of more than ordinary ability, was born on November 28, 1834, and is the son of G. W. H. and Caroline (Howe) Laudon, the father born in Virginia, in 1800, and the mother in Kentucky, in 1805. The Laudons are of Scotch-English origin, and the ancestors came to America in early colonial days. The grandfather of our subject, John Laudon, was a Revolutionary soldier and lived to a ripe old age. The Howes were of English descent. Caroline Howe's mother was of French and Indian extraction. G. W. A. Laudon remained in Vir- ginia until early manhood, and studied theology and medicine. He went from his native State to Kentucky, and there in 1825 he was married. After residing there for a number of years, practicing his profession, and occasionally occupying the piilpit, he moved to Frank- lin County, Ohio, then afterward to Westerville, locating about twelve miles north of Columbus. He was one of the founders of the Starling Medical College, at Columbus, Ohio, and here the most of his children — hve boys and three girls — were born and reared. While in Ohio, he and his wife agreed to a mutual sejjaration, his wife going to her people in the Soulh, and the Doctor married Miss Elizabeth W. Ladd, the daughter of old Squire Ladd, who was a half-breed Wyandotte Indian,#and whose wife was a full blood. The rest of the Ladd girls i married the Walkers, Lydia married Matthew Walker, Mary married Joel Walker, who built one of the first business houses in Kansas City, Mo. After his marriage with Miss Ladd, the Doctor grew into close relation with the tribe. In 1854 he came to Wyandotte with his family, remained but a short time, as one blacksmith shop constituted the early business house in the town, and one of the Ladd girls taught school in an old log school-house out about Tenth Street. This was the first school of any kind in the county. But one child was born to the Doctor's second marriage, Elizabeth, who died when young. In a few months after his arrival here, he went to St. Joseph, Mo., and bought some property, after which he went to Mosquito Creek, in Doniphan County, and laid out the town of Mount Vernon. He resided in St. Joseph, and was a remarkably successful physician and surgeon, enjoying the most enviable reputation in that part of the f: A 4* WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 689 State. Near the beginmng of the war he was drawu into politics, and was a candidate for State auditor on the Lincoln ticket. In the 1800 campaign he was one of the Republican presidential electors, and one year later he was commissioned post surgeon at St. Joseph, and ac- companied his regiment. At Bee Creek bridge he was slightly wounded in the face, but was with his regiment and at the post until some time during 1864, when, on account of his health, he resigned. His death occurred soon after. His body was brought to Wyandotte and buried with Masonic honors, at the Huron Place, he being a Koyal Arch Mason. Thus ended the life of one of the pioneers of Wyandotte County. A man of strict morality, orthodox in his views, a life long member of the Methodist Church, a profound student, and a line, so- cial gentleman. He often contributed to the papers and magazines, with a tendency to the poetic, and having a high appreciation of the liner arts and letters, he collected during his life-time a magniticeut library, and to each of his children his administrators were directed to select 200 volumes, as were best adapted to their pursuits and profes- sions. To each of his children he gave as good an education as circum- stances would permit, and each of his sons held a life scholarship in a well-known University. His son, Dr. Joseph Laudou, was born in Frank- lin County, Ohio, and was reared in the Southern States. His first recol- lections date back to Westville, Ohio, where he, as a small boy, at- tended the district school, and when eleven years of age, he came to Kansas. He went to St. Joe with his father, afterward went to Ohio and Kentucky, and later attended Pope's Medical College in St. Louis, graduating from that institution in the ear and eye department. At the breaking out of the war he joined Col. Strong's regiment in St. Joe, and assisted his father in the hospital. He was married there on April 9, 1860, to Miss Josephine M. Condon, and their marriage was blessed by the birth of three children — two daughters and a son. The latter, J. S. C. Laudon, grew up and graduated in the Christian Brothers' College in St. Louis, and then worked for the Singer Sewing Machine Company for some time. In 1886 he went to Australia, and is now in Melborne. Dr. Laudon was in service in the Federal army, as were also his brothers, George, Leon and Clay. The latter was killed at Fort Donelson, and George, who was three times wounded, died in Louisville of his wounds. Leon was in the Missouri regiment, and came through without a scratch. The Doctor was at Bee Creek, Lex- ington, Carthage and a number of skirmishes. At Lexington he was wounded in the side, and altogether he was in the service about 690 HISTORY OF KANSAS. four years, but only one year with his regiment, being in the hospital service at St. Joe. After the war closed he went to Lexington, Mo. , practiced here about two years, and then went to Greentown, remained one year, thence to Napoleon, and two years later to St. Joe. From there he went to Leavenworth, then to Lenape, Eas., from there to De Soto, and then to Prairie Centre, where he remained until the fall of 1875, after which he came to his present place of residence. He was married, the second time, to Mrs. Mary M. Ish, nee Rupe, a sister of Dr. Rupe, of San Francisco. Since coming here. Dr. Laudon has en- joyed a good practice, and is busy all the time. He owns a nice little farm, which he devotes to gardening and fruit-growing. In principle he is Democratic, but votes for the best man in local affairs. E. B. Lane, jeweler, Armourdale, Kas. This well-known and pop- ular jewelry establishment of Mr. E. B. Lane, is one of the most prom- inent in the city, and Mr. Lane has always been successful as a business man, being practical and skilled as a watchmaker and jeweler. He established his business iu Kansas City, Kas., in January, 1888, and has carried it on ever since with unusual success. He was born in Bowling Green, Ky., on January 4, 1865, and is the son of Samuel and Elvira (Barnett) Lane, natives also of Kentucky. The father fol- lowed farming all his life, and died in 1873. E. B. Lane received a common-school education in Bowling Green, Ky., was early trained to the duties of the farm, and remained on the same uutil sixteen years of age. He then began learning the jeweler's trade, and served an ap- prenticeshij) at Nashville, Tenn. He came West in 1883, located at Humansville, Mo., and there remained for about four years. In 1888 he came to Armourdnle, and immediately embarked in business for himself. Previous to this, however, he had been engaged in business in Kansas City, Mo., but later moved to this city, where he has since remained. He is a thoroughly practical jeweler, and devotes his entire attention to the general business of his house, and satisfactorily pro- vides for the wants and tastes of his numerous customers. He was married in 1889 to Miss Carrie C. McFarland, a native of Leaven- worth, Kas. Socially Mr. Lane is a member of the A. O. U. W. Henry Larson. Among the important industrial enterprises which contribute to the commercial standing of the thriving town of Kansas City, Kas., is the grocery establishment of Mr. Larson. He has been in business in this place since 1885, but has only conducted his present establishment since December 8, 1889. He was born in Hal- land, Sweden, February 2, 1853, his father's name being Lars Hanson, \^ 6 r- "^ <5 1.^ -^ 9 ^ and the mother's maiden uame Johanua Borgsou, to whom a family of eight children were born — six sons and two daughters — only four of the sons being now alive. The names of all are: Emma Sophia, Anna Johanna, John B. , Henry, Severin, Jacob, Adolph, and a son that died in infancy. Severin died at the age of eighteen years; Emma S. resides in Sweden; Anna J. in Denmark, and John B. . Henry, Jacob and Adolph came to America, and John B. and Jacob reside in Kansas City, Mo. , and the other two in Kansas City, Kas. The father of these children, who was a carpenter by trade, died in Sweden in 1882, but his widow still survives him. The subject of this sketch spent his boyhood in the country of his birth, and between the ages of seven and fourteen years was an attendant of school, dur- ing which time he made his home in the family of a Lutheran minister, for whom he did chores to pay for his board and clothes. At the age of fourteen he went to Denmark, where he remained for four and a half years, being employed as a coachman for a minister. Eeturning to Sweden, he spent the winter of 1872-73 with his parents, and in the spring of the latter year bade adieu to home and friends and started for America in search of a fortune. He embarked at Gothenburg on the " City of Paris." and landed at New York, almost immediately joining his brother, John B. , in Montgomery County, Peun. , the lat- ter having come to this country two years previou-sly. He remained in that vicinity for about eight months, helping to build a railroad. In the fall of 1873 he went to Ontario, Canada, where he worked as a farm hand for about eighteen months, or until the spring of 1874, at which time he and the .son of the man for whom he worked, went to the northern part of Ontario, and there Mr. Larson entered 160 acres of land, and during the one year that he remained on this place he made such improvements as he could. In the spriug of 1875 he went to a point six miles west of Niagara Falls, and for two years took care of work horses for a contractor named Blicksley, after which, in 1879, he came West as far as Kansas City, Mo., to which place his brother named above, had in the meantime come. At this place he secured a position as clerk in a grocery store, and at the expiration of three months, he and his brother, who had been employed in a like establishment, opened a grocery store of theii' own on the corner of Ninth and Wyoming Streets, and continued in business there about five years, being very successful. In 1885, with the money they had thus earned, they purchased a lot on the corner of Second and James Streets, Kansas City. Kas. . and upon it erected a two-story brick 1' J^ ^H. 692 HISTORY OF KANSAS. business block, in which, when completed, opened up a first-class grocery store. A good jsatronage was soon accorded them, and the store has since had a prosperous career. In July, 1888, Henry sold his interest in the store to his younger brother, Adoljah, who had come to America in 1880. Meanwhile, in 1885, he had purchased two va- cant lots, which were side by side, on the corner of Fourth and La- fayette Streets, Edgerton Place, and upon one of these, in 1886, he erected a handsome residence, which he has since occupied as his home. Upon the other, in 1889, he erected a business block, which has two excellent store rooms, and in one of these, on December 8, 1889, he began selling groceries, and it is to its management that his attention is now given. He has one of the cleanest and neatest estab lishments in the city, and although he has only been in business at his present stand for a short time, he has, by his accommodating spirit, energy and honesty, biiilt up a lirst-class trade. He is one of the men who is boirnd to succeed in life, and is agreeable and courteous in his treatment to all. He uses his other business room as a ware and storage room, and besides his groceries, he carries a lirst-class line of meats, both salt and fresh. He was married, July 20, 1882, to Miss Hannah Sophia Linnarson, who was born in Sweden, and came to the United States in 1874. Their marriage has resulted in the birth of three children: Hermann Leonard (born September 2, 1883), Es- ther Maria Sojjhia (born December 16, 1885), and Johanna Louisa (born August 14, 1887). Mr. and Mrs. Larson are members of the Lutheran Church, and are upright citizens. Mrs. Larson was born in Gothenburg, Sweden, March 17, 1860, her parents being John and Maria (Olson) Linnarson. The latter had a family of ten children, of whom Mrs. Larson was the eldest — live sons and four daughters now living, their names being Anna Sophia,' Josephine. Charlotte, Maria Helena, Charley, Oscar, John, Edwin, Ernest and John (who died at the age of one year). In 1872 the father came to America and established a home for his wife and children, who soon after joined him in Kansas City, Mo. In the spring of 1889 they removed to a point near Oldsburg, Kas., where they now reside on a farm. Swen Adolph Larson has been connected with the grocery interests of Kansas City, Kas., since August, 1887. He is a native of Sweden, born September 29, 1859, and is a son of Lars Hanson and Johanna (Borgson) Larson, being the youngest of their eight children, of whom notice is given in the sketch of Henry Larson. Swen Adolph spent his boyhood on the old home farm, which lies only one mile fi'om the ?S^ k. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 693 shore of the Cattegat Chanuel, and from his earliest boyhood had a great desire to become a sailor, which was probably caused by the scenes presented to him along the coast, for at times the waters, stud- ded with vessels from many parts of the world, presented a fascinating picture. He attended school until he was fourteen years of age, re- ceiving a good knowledge of the ordinary branches of learning. At the age of fifteen years, he started out in the world to do for him- self and went directly from his home to Warburg, where he se- cured a seaman's permit, after which he at once secured a posi- tion on a sailing vessel called "Elizabeth,'' which was commanded by Cajit. C. G. Borgsion, remaining with him on the Cattegat Channel for three seasons, and during this time endured all the pleasures and hardships incident to the life of a sailor. Tiring of the sea, he re- turned home, and, after a short visit with his parents, he embarked for America, April 3, 1880, goiog by steamer from Warburg to Gothenburg, thence upon another steamer to Hull, England, after which he went by rail to Liverpool; from this place he sailed, April 12, for the United States, in the steamer '• Hellwitsea." He reached New York April 23, and on the following day left that city for Houtsdale, Penn., where for three months he worked in a coal mine. He then went to Johns- town, Penn., in the vicinity of which place he helped to build a rail- road, the time spent there being about four months, and in January, 1881, he came West, to Kansas City, Mo., and entered the employ of his brothers, John B. and Henry, who had come thither some time be- fore, and established a grocery store on the corner of Ninth and Wy- oming Street. He remained with them as a clerk some six years, and then, with the money he had saved out of his earnings, he engaged in business for himself. In August, 1887, he and his brother Jacob bought from their brother John B. a grocery, at No. 1527 West Ninth Street, and although it is now conducted by Jacob, Swen A. still owns an interest in the same. July 6, 1889, he bought from his brother Henry the grocery at No. 228 North James Street, and is now devoting his whole attention to its management. It is located in a good two-story brick building, 25x50 feet, and is one of the largest and best-stocked establishments of the kind in Kansas City. Mr. Larson has conducted it for about one year, and its sales for this time amount to nearly $25,000. Mr. Larson possesses every essential necessary to make a successful business man, is kind and agreeable in his manners, and has a large number of friends. He was married. May 29, 1889, to Miss Charlotte Linnarson, who was born in Sweden, June 11, 1865, ^1 her parents being John and Mary Linnarson, who came to America about 1872, and settled in Kansas City, Kas. , where Mrs. Larson grew to womanhood. She and her husband are members of the Lu- theran Church of Kansas City, Mo. , and are well known as honorable and upright people. The La Rue Hardware Company of Kansas City, Kas. , was estab- lished in 1888, with J. H. and George A. La Rue as owners. They are dealers in shelf and builder's hardware, tinware, granite iron ware, gasoline, cooking and heating stoves, galvanized iron work, roofing and spouting, etc. They do a fine business, and are prosperous, enterpris- ing men. J. H. La Rue, the senior member of the firm, is a native of Adams County, Penn.. born on July 21, 1862. His parents, Solomon and Sarah (Alicker) La Rue, are natives of the Keystone State, and his paternal grandfather, Henry La Rue, was a native of France and an early settler of Pennsylvania, where he died at the age of eighty- four years. He was a farmer by occupation. The maternal grand- father, Abraham Alicker, was born in Holland, and also died in Penn- sylvania. These grandparents came over and purchased land fi'om William Penn. The parents of our subject are both j-et living and are residents of Adams County, Penn. The father has been a farmer most all his life, and is now comparatively retired, although largely interested in banking interests at Dillsburg. Penn. J. H. La Rue was educated at Millersville Normal School of Pennsylvania, from which he gradu- ated in 1880, and he afterward taught school for five years. Being dissatisfied with this occupation he decided to take Horace Greeley's advice and go West. Accordingly in 1885 he started and never stopped until he reached Kansas City, Mo. He made up his mind to do any- thing to get a start, and so entered the employ of Richard & Conover Hardware Company, as a roustabout at $1.50 per day. Here he re- mained for three years. Inside of eighteen months he had worked him- self up to the third highest position in the house. In 1888 he decided to open uj) business for himself, and has since carried it on with his brother George. Both gentlemen have a thorough practical knowledge of all departments of their business, while their promptness and reliability mnst mark them as most desirable with whom to establish business re- lations in this line. J. H. La Rue is a member of the I. O. O. F. J. H. Lasley is the present capable surveyor of Wyandotte County, Kas. , and although he has been a resident of this section of the coun- try about eight years, he came from the Buckeye State, where he was born in 1840. After attending the common schools and acquir- I ing a good practical education, he took a coiirse in engineering and surveying in Gallipolis, Ohio Academy, graduating from this institu tion with a thorough knowledge of the work before him. He entered the Federal army in 18G0 with a number of schoolmates, becoming a member of Coiipany H, Fifty third Ohio Infantry, and entered reg- ular service on October 2G, 1861, and in the battle of Shiloh, in which he took an active part, he was severely wounded. He was honorably discharged, but was unable to walk for three years. On January 8, 1862, he was made second lieutenant, and served as such until he was wounded and furloughed home. He laid on the battle-field for two days, a part of the time exposed to the fire of the two armies. After remaining in the hospital at Covington (Ky.) for some time, he was discharged by order of Secretary Stanton. After the war he remained in his native State, where he served one term as county surveyor of his native county, then engaged in the dry- goods business until the fall of 1866, when he came to Missouri and located in Cass County, where he farmed for some twelve years, after which he moved to Kansas City, Mo. At the end of three years he came to Eosedale, Kas., and here was chosen to the position of county surveyor in the fall of 1883, a position he has filled for six consecutive years, and was also engineer of the city for one year after the consolidation of the three towns. He has proved a very efficient officer, and is the thorough master of his business. He was married in Missouri to Miss Rachel A. Custer, by whom he has a family of six children: One boy, C. O. Lasley and five daughters: Hallie, Katie, Myrtle, Pearl and Eachel. The son is now eighteen years of age. Mr. Lasley is a Republican in his political views, and socially is a member of the A. O. U. W., the K. of P.. the G. A. R. and the Union Veterans' Union. He is quite well fixed, financially, and is the owner of property in Rosedale, Bonner and Kansas City, Kas. His father was an Ohioan, but was of German descent, and was a Whig in politics. His father was a native German and an Aboli- tionistln his views. The mother of the subject of this sketch was of Irish descent on one side and Scotch on the other, being born inPenn- sj'lvania. P. K. Leland. Wyandotte County, Kas.. has been long, well and justly noted for the sterling honesty and superior capability of her pub- lic officials, and this enviable reputation has been fully sustained by Mr. Leland, who is the efficient police judge of Kansas City. He first saw the light of day at Grafton, Mass.. June 1, 1828. He received a liberal education, being an attendant of Leicester and Westfield ^c rrr ,y* — «^ 696 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Academies, Amherst College and Brown University. He was of a rather adventurous disposition, and visited various foreign countries and rounded Cape Horn, being at sea nine months. He was taken with the gold fever, became one of the famous forty-niners, and two years were spent in the gold mines of California, where he passed through a varied experience and met with many thrilling adventures. At the end of this time he returned as far east as the State of Illi- nois and there resumed his law studies and was admitted to the bar in 1853, and for a number of years practiced his profession at Ottawa, 111. He soon built up an enviable reputation as a legal practitioner, and his ability was soon seen and 'recognized by _^ the people by whom he was elected to the position of judge of the county court of La Salle County, 111., the duties of which he discharged in a very effi- cient manner for eight years. He also held the olfice of deputy'clerk of the Supreme Court of Illinois for three years, but in 1885 removed from Illinois to Kansas City, Kas. , and here was admitted to the bar the following year. Here he was appointed to the' position of police judge of that city in April, 1887, being reappointed in April, 1889, and so far he has proved the lieau' ideal of a public servant, 'being efficient, punctual, industrious, honest and uniformly courteous to all with whom he came in contact. His marriage, which took place on March 26, 1856, to Miss Lizzie M. White, has resulted in the birth of three children: Dr. K. W. Leland (of Utica, 111.), Cora (wife of C. E. Abraham), and Lillian (wife of Evan Browne, of Kansas City, Kas.). Mr. Leland inherits English blood of his parents, Cyrus and Betsey (Kimball) Leland, both of whom were born in Grafton, Mass., the former being a descendant of one of the Pilgrim Fathers. He is lib- eral in views, generous and the soulof honor. Although not aggressive, he possesses a mind of his own with the courage to express his views when necessary. He is a gentlemen by' instinct and education, and the man}' warm friends whom he possesses in Kansas City, testify to his popularity. Alonzo Woodford Little was born in Muhlenlierg County, of the Blue- Grass State, April 3, 1847, but his parents, Douglas and Martha A. ( Wright) Little, were born in North Carolina and Virginia, respectively, the parents of both having been among the early emigrants to Ken- tucky. Alonzo was reared to manhood in the vicinity of his birthplace, and throughout his youth he was employed more or less as a clerk in a store, but at the age of twenty one years he took up the study of law, and under the preceptorship of his brother, Judge Lucius P. Lit- -7-. r '^ tie, of Oweiislioro. Ky.,hp madp himself thoroiigbly fciniiliar witli legal lore, and in 1871 was admitted to the bar. The following year he practiced with his brother, and in the latter part of 1872 located in West Point, Miss., for the practice of his profession, and after remain- ing there for two years was appointed clerk of the Supreme Court of Mississippi, and served in that capacity one term of four years. He next located in Jackson, Miss., and resumed the practice of law as a partner of J. W. Jenkins, now of Kansas City, Kas. In 1880 he re- moved to Medicine Lodge, Kas. , and after being in the real estate and cattle business for two years, the three following years were spent in mercantile pursuits and the banking business, in partnership in the latter institution with J. W. McNeal and H. C. Thompson, being associated in the mercantile business with this gentleman also. The bank with which he was connected was organized as a private bank in April, 1888, under the name of McNeal, Little & Thompson, but in 1886 it was converted into a national bank, and has since been known as the Citizen's National Bank. Mr. Little sold his interest in the same in 1887. Meanwhile, in 1884, he had removed to Kansas City, Kas., and engaged in the real estate and loan business, but after sell- ing his interest in the above mentioned bank, he, in July, 1887, helped to organize the Armourdale Bank, and of it he has since been presi- dent. In the fall of 1888, in connection with Nicholas McAlpine, he organized the Argentine Bank, of Argentine, and in January, 1889, was one to organize the Exchange Bank, of Kansas City, Kas., and has since acted as its cashier. He disposed of his interest in the Argen- tine Bank in March, 1889. Another bank that he helped organize in May, 1889, was the McNeal & Little Banking Company, of Guthrie, Oklahoma, which is converted into a National bank, under the name of the Guthrie National Bank, of which Mr. Little is vice-president. In September, 1889, the First National Bank, of Medicine Lodge, Kas., was reorganized, at which time Mr. Little became a stock- holder and director, and is so still. In 1870, just before he entered upon the study of law, he acted as census taker in McLean County, Ky. He is a Republican in his political views, and is one of the city's most enteiprising business men, and is very popular. What he has, in the way of worldly goods, has been earned by earnest endeavor, and besides his extensive banking interests, he has one of the handsomest homes in Kansas City, which is situated at No. 630 Washington Ave- nue. His marriage, which occurred September 15, 1875, at Jeffers- town, Ky. , was to Miss Ida M. McDaniel, a daughter of Rev. James 44 ^^ — ^ -^ — "L^ 698 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. S. McDanie], of that place. To them a family of four sons have been born: Alonzo W., Lucius J. (who died in infancy), Gerard B. and Sehon E. Mr. Little and his family worship in the Methodist Epis- copal Church. Thomas E. C. Lloyd is the efficient manager of the Wyandotte Plumbing Company, of Kansas City, Kas., a concern whose growth is an excellent proof of the rapid progress made by the city in the last few years. Ho was born in Sheffield, England, and in addition to re- ceiving a common-school, education he learned the trade of a plumber. When only twelve years of age he became a sailor boy, and for three years was on the ocean. In 1882 he came to the United States, and after spending some time in Utica, N. Y. , and Iowa, he came to Kan- sas City, Kas., which place he reached in the month of July, 1884, and here began following his trade, that of a plumber, and soon became recognized here for the thorough knowledge of his calling. In a short time he had all the work he could attend to, and in time was given his present position, in the discharge of which he manages fourteen ex- perts regularly in plumbing, gas and steam fitting. He has laid a large portion of the sewerage put down by the city, and at times has employed seventy-live men. His establishment consists of a basement, 25x90 feet, where he carries a large stock of lead pipe, wash-basins, marble, zinc and iron sinks, street top boxes for gas and water, hose, cistern pumps, bath tubs, gas fixtures and burners, etc., in fact his line of goods is exceptionally large and well chosen. In addition to this he has an office and store at No. 549 Minnesota Avenue, and is agent for the Detroit Hot Water Heater, and for the combination gas machine. He is the leader of his business in the city, is a popular man, a good citizen, and is the promoter of his own success. He was married in the month of February, 1888, to Miss Ida L. Buesche, a native of Kansas City, Kas., and to them one child has been born — Edward W. He is independent in his political views, and socially is a member of the K. of P. His parents were Joseph John Chell and Emma (AValker) Lloyd, the former born in Wales and the latter in England, their deaths occurring in the latter country at the age of fifty and in 1888 at the age of sixty, respectively. J. W. Longfellow, police commissioner and receiving clerk for the Ridenor, Baker Grocery Company, of Kansas City, Mo., is a native of Maine, born in Aroostook County, in 1841. He came W^est with his parents in 1857, settled in Lawrence, Kas., and there received a high- school education. During the late war he was filled with a patriotic r *7|i desire to aid liis country, and in ISHl enlisted in the Second Kansas Infantry, serving with the same until mustered out. After this here- turned to the home place, tilling the soil for about a year, and then joined the Tenth Kansas Infantry, with which he remained until the cessation of hostilities. He operated with the first company through Southwest Missouri, under Gen. Lyon, and was in the battle of Wilson Creek. He operated with the army of the South, after enlist- ing in the Tenth Kansas Infantry, was under Canby, and in A. J. Smith' s army corps. He received a slight wound at Wilson Creek, and there Gen. Lyon was killed. Mr. Longfellow was mustered out at Fort Leavenworth, Kas. , and after the surrender he went on a farm, where he remained for several years. Subsequently he went to Law- rence, embarked in the transfer business, and did fairly well for a few years. He then sold out, went back on a farm for a couple of years, and then returned to Lawrence, where he ran a transfer for seven years. He then came here with the present company, and has now been with them nearly twelve years. He is doing well for them as chief receiving clerk, and has sole control of receiving and putting in stock all the goods, having filled this position for several years. He was appointed police commissioner without any solicitation and with- out his knowledge. He owns some good property in Kansas City, Kas. , and is a man respected and esteemed by every one. He is a member of the G. A. R., and is past commander at the present time. He is a member of the Union Veteran's Union, and is a member of Fireside Coiincil No. 421, National Union. In politics he is a stanch Republican. Mr. Longfellow was married at Lawrence, Kas., to Miss Sarah A. Davis, a native of Pittsfield, III, born in 1843, and their union has been blessed by the following children: Charles I., Jacob H. , Fred and Harry. They lost one child in infancy. Mr. Longfellow was the son of Charles and Mary (Day) Long, both natives of Maine. The father was a pioneer of Kansas, and served thvough the war in Capt. Biekerton's Artillery Company. He is now living, resides at Lawrence, and is seventy-seven years of age. He is a farm- er. He is a cousin of the poet Longfellow, and his gi'eat, great- grandparents were also the great-grandparents of Longfellow. One was a native of England and the other of Scotland. A. A. Lovelace, register of deeds, Kansas City, Kas. The public services of Mr. Lovelace since 1887 have been characterized by a notice- able devotion to the welfare of this county, and his ability and fidelity in his present position have made a lasting impression on the sphere I , — ■ ~ i 1 £k 700 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. of public duty. He is a native of Wyandotte County, Kas. , born iu 18(30, and is the son of Charles and Louisa (Hewitt) Lovelace. The father was bom in Tennessee, but grew to manhood in Mississippi, and settled in Wyandotte County, Kas. , in 1858. He is still a resident of the county, and although ia early days he ran a saw-mill here, later in life he was railroad contractor, and also followed farming. The new town of Lovelace was named in his honor, and he is at present connected with the new smelting works at Turner. The paternal grand- father, Richard Lovelace, was a prominent M. D., and came to Wyan- dotte County, Kas., with the Wyandotte Indians, in 18-15, and was in the Government employ. He was of Irish Scotch descent, and died a few years ago. A. A. Lovelace, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in this county, and has always been with his father in the contracting business until he was elected to his present position. He was elected county commissioner, in 1885, served two years, and is now filling his second term as register of deeds. He is a prominent young man, and is the owner of lota and acre property here. Mr. Lovelace is an excellent specimen of physical manhood, being over the average in height, and finely proportioned. He is full of push and enterprise, and it is due to him that the extensive smelting works have been located in this county. Mr. A. A. Lovelace is also cashier of the Exchange National Bank, with a capital of bank stock of $300,000, the largest concern of the kind in Kansas City, Kas. Valentine S. Lucas, horticulturist, Quindaro, Kas. Mr. Lucas came to this county May 1, 1857, from Bureau County, 111., and lo- cated just a little west of Chelsea Park. He is one of the old settlers, and a man who is held in high esteem by his many friends. His father came out in 1855, but owing to the troublous times in the year follow- ing, had to leave, and came back again in 1857, bringing his family, consisting of his wife and nine children. He rented land, and farmed until his death, which occurred in 1865. The following year his widow sold the stock and goods, and went to live with her children, remain- ing with them until her death, which occurred in 1878. Valentine S. Lucas received the usual amount of education given the country boy, imtil his removal to Wyandotte County, Kas. , and after that he at- tended but three terms of school. After the death of his father, he went to the southern part of Johnson County, bought forty acres of land, and after remaining there two years, sold his stock and returned to Wyandotte County. After this he worked on the Kansas Pacific Railroad, and then went direct to breaking on the same road. Later ■f^ on he began selling groceries in Olathe, and still later gained a position on the Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad, remaining on the same for fiilly a year and a half. He was then on a railroad running out from Atchison for some time, after which he returned to the Union Pacific again, but only remained with this for a short time, when he was tendered the responsible position of yard master at Arm- strong, remaining there for eleven years. After this he was city mar- shal one year, and then was given the position of assistant yard master at the State line, where he remained four years. Having purchased thirty-nine acres of land where he now lives, in 1885, the next spring he moved on this, where he has since devoted his attention to fruit-growing and gardening. He has been fairly suc- cessful, and aside from this, is the owner of some property in Kansas City, Kas. He has been twice married, first in 1874, to Miss Anna Hederman, who bore him three children, two now living: Flora Maj' and Lottie J. A. Mrs. Lucas died in 1880, and he espoused Miss Dora Bernhard, of Wyandotte County, two years later. They are the parents of three children, all sons: Lowel, Lawrence and Oral. Mr. and Mrs. Lucas are members of the Methodist Church, and socially he is a member of the I. O. O. F. and the K. P., of Wyandotte. As he was a member of the State Militia during the war, he and six of his brothers helped to repel Price during his raid here, and were in the fight at Blue and Westport. Peter Lugibihl, one of the oldest settlers of this city, came here in 1857, and engaged in the boot and shoe and grocery business, which he followed for twenty years. He is now the owner of considerable real estate, both improved and unimproved. Mr. Lugibihl was born in Prussia in 1832, and there remained until 1850, when he emigrated to the United States, settling in Pennsylvania for six years. He then came West, and having learned the trade of boot and shoe maker in his native country, he carried this on after coming to this State. He was married in 1856 to Miss Sybilla Bender, a native, also, of Prussia, born in 1833, and the fruits of this union were three children: Mary (wife of Charles W. Scheller), Amelia (wife of H. S. Grauten), and Frances. Mr. Lugibihl is a member of the Masonic fraternity, K. of P. , and is an Ancient Odd Fellow. He was a member of the State Militia during the war, and was on guard duty the principal part of the time. He was elected a member of the council of the old city of Wyandotte for two terms in 1882. He is a representative citizen, and has the characteristics of those born in the old country — honesty, fru- -< — i- r 702 HISTORY OF KANSAS. gality and great perseverance. Charles W. Scheller, a member of the city council from the Second Ward, was elected to that position at the consolidation of the cities in 1886, and re-elected to the present term. He is chairman of the Committee on Fire Department, Sewers and Gas, and is also a member of various other committees. He was born in Oneida County, N. Y.. in January, 1856, and is a son of Charles and Magdalene (Heisel) Scheller, natives of the Empire State. The father was a cabinet-maker, and followed that trade in Utica, N. Y., for many years. Both parents are living. They are descendants of the Schellers in Germany. Charles W. Scheller was reared to man's estate in his native county, where he received a graded-school education, came West in 1878, and began working in the Armour Packing House. He con- tinued faithfully at this, and was promoted from time to time, until he is now time-keeper, which position he has filled for the last five years. He was married in 1882 to Miss Mary Lugibihl, who was born in Janu- ary, 1862, and to them have been born two children: Carl and Edith. He is a prominent citizen. Michael Lysaught is a contractor of grading in Kansas City, Kas., and is a man who is possessed of much enterprise, intelligence and in- dustry. He was born in County Limerick, Ireland, in 1838, to Pat- rick and Johanna (Chenark) Lj'saught, the former of whom was a till- er of the soil. Michael Lysaught had one brother and eight sisters and when but eleven years of age came to America with his brother and a sister and at first made their home in the State of Vermont. They went to Washington. D. C, where Michael learned the carpenter's trade, at which he worked until he came to Wyandotte County, Kas.. in 1856. He continued to follow his trade until 1862, when he en- tered the employ of the Government and took (iOU head of horses to Fort Union, N. M., and remained in that place for ten years and four months, after which he returned to Kansas and obtained em- ployment with the Union Pacific Railroad Company at Armstrong, which place was his home iintil 1883. He then left the shops and has since been engaged in contracting. He served one year as deputy street commissioner of Kansas City, and had a verbal contract with O'Connel & Downs, as a partner, and the first year they did a business in contracting of $98,000. They graded Sixth Street, Ann Avenue, Armstrong Avenue, and part of James Street, in North Kansas City, Kas., and Kansas Avenue, on the South Side, from Fourth to Sixteenth Street. They have also graded Third Street, Northrof) Avenue, the approach to the Sixth Street bridge, the approach to the Third Street } \ ^^ bridge, and have filled other smaller contracts throughout the city. They have done over 1200,000 worth of grading and are still doing a ■thriving business. Mr. Lysaught owns several city lots, and two resi- dences. Although a Democrat in politics, he is not a partisan He is a member of St. Mary's Catholic Church, a member of the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association, and in every respect is a typical Irishman, being warm and generous hearted, temperate, moral and quick witted. He was married in this city to Miss Catherine Gorman, who was born in Washington, D. C, in 1853, and to them the following children have been born: Sarah, John, Michael, James, Mat and Patrick. Nicholas McAlpine. Personally, and in every private relation and duty of life, too much praise can not be said of Mr. McAlpine, for he is liberal, generous, high-minded, the soul of true honor and unbounded greatness of heart. He is one of Kansas City's most prominent and influ- ential business men, and has always proved himself thoroughly public- spirited. He was born near Belfast, in County Down, Ireland, April 5, 1835, being a son of David and Mary Ann (Campbell) McAlpine, both of whom lived and died in the "Emerald Isle." Nicholas remained in his native land until he was seventeen years of age, receiving a good English education, but at that age determined to seek his fortune in the New World, and his first experience in America was in the city of Philadelphia, Penn. He soon after went to Pittsburgh, where his uncle, John McAlpine, resided and there he secured the position of messenger boy in a broker's office. At the end of one year he became an employe of the Pittsburgh Trust Company, and owing to the friend- ship and aid given to him by John D. Scully, the cashier, he was made thoroughly conversant with the general routine of banking. He re- mained with that firm two years, then sp)ent one year as discount clerk in the Exchange Bank of Pittsburgh, and in 1857, upon the advice of his uncle, who had come to Kansas and located at Wyandotte the pre- vious year, he was induced to come here also. After one year spent in clerking in his uncle's storage and commission house, the following three years were spent in saw and grist milling, as the partner of B. Washington. In 1861, thinking to better himself, he sold out his interest in this mill and returned to Pittsburgh, Penn., where his old friend, John D. Scully, gave him a situation in the First National Bank as assistant teller, a position he tilled with success for three years. In 1865 he again came to Wyandotte County, Kas. , and here he has since made his home. During a part of 1865 he was freight agent for the old Kansas Pacific Railroad, and during the following .^ year he was a member of the lirm of Killin, Parks & Go., railnjad con- tractors, who bnilt a portion of the central branch of the Union Pacific Railroad, and also ^ portion of the Missouri Pacific Kailroad between Kansas City and Leavenworth. He was married in June, ISCfi, to Miss Maria Walker, a native of Wyandotte, Kas. , and a daughter of Joel Walker. During part of the year 1867 he was employed as a clerk for the tirm of Chick, Browne, Manzanares & Co., who were ex- tensively engaged in the overland Mexican trade. In the fall of 1867 Mr. McAlpine was elected treasurer of Wyandotte Count)', and al- though this county has long been well and justly noted for the sterling honesty and superior capability of her public officials, Mr. McAlpine was one of her most popular servants and filled the position to perfec- tion for two and one-half years. His office was a model of neatness and order, and showed the workings of an intelligent, well-directed mind. In the fall of 1871 he was again elected treasurer, was re- elected in 1873, and this position filled by re-election until the fall of 1877, since which time he has been a dealer in real estate, and is now one of the leading agents of Kansas City, Kas. In connection with this he has been in the banking business in Wyandotte, Armourdale and Argentine, and is at present a member of the Kansas City Circu- lar Belt Railway Company, and the Missouri River Land and Reclama- tion Company, the Kansas River Water Power Company, the Na- tional Smelting iV Refining Company, at Lovelace, president of the North Kansas City Land Improvement Company, and is now actively engaged in promoting the interests of these corporations, besides being interested in many other enterprises which have for their object the development of the county. In 1866 he was elected city treasurer of Wyandotte, and in addition to tilling this oiBce for one term, he has been a member of the city council the same length of time, making the beau ideal of a public servant. He is a Democrat in his political views, and belongs to the following social organizations: the Masonic fraternity, in which he is a Knight Templar, and the A. O. U. W. He is one of the well-known and honored residents of Wyandotte County, and his views on all subjects are sound and shrewd, showing that he possesses a vigorous and active intellect. He and his wife have four children living: Robert L., Jessie S., Mary Ann and John, who are aged respectively twenty-three, fifteen, seven and three years. His eldest child, Robert L. McAlpine. was born in Kansas City, Kas., May 8, 1867, and in the city of his birth his primary education was obtained, he being an attendant of Palmer's Wyandotte Academy. He ftt entered tbe Kansas State University in the fall of 188'2, and graduated with the class of 1887, his career being there marked liy a close application and rapid progress. Daring vacations he attended Spauld- ing's Commercial College, obtaining a diploma dated August 20, 1S84, and he was soon afterward employed as a draughtsman under Messrs. Breithaupt and Allen, civil engineers, of Kansas City, Mo., and dur- ing the summer of 1886 was one of the surveyors for the Kansas City, Wyandotte & North -'Western Railway. Upon graduating from the State University of Kansas, he accepted a position under Maj. H. L. Marvin, supervising engineer on the construction of the Missouri Pacific Railway, between McCracken, Kas. , and Pueblo, Colo., and in the winter of 1887 he entered the city engineer's oflfice of Kansas City. Kas., where he remained for two years, being specially engaged upon plans for a system of sewerage designed by Pierson & Kiersted, civil engineers, of Kansas City, Mo. He is at present chief engineer of the Kansas City Circular Railway. For a young man of his years he is exceptionally intelligent, and as he possesses many of the charac- teristics of which prominent men are made — moral and personal in- tegrity, and clear, well-balanced, active intelligence — a bright future is predicted for him. Phil McAnauy is numbered among the successful business men of Kansas City, having by his natural ability and energy, gained his pres- ent lucrative position as foreman of the canning department, with the Armour Packing House. He entered the employ of this firm in 1882, and after serving two years was promoted to his present position. He is a man of vast experience, having at one time worked for Slavin's Packing House. He is a wide-awake, public-spirited man, and one who believes in doing full duty alike to self and neighbor. His gen- erosity and liberality of views has won for him many warm friends, and his competence has, at all times, been appreciated by those whose interests he guarded. Mr. McAnany's birth occurred in Westport, Mo., in 1860, and his parents, Nicholas and Mary (Plunkett) McAnany, of the Emerald Isle, where they continued to reside until 1840. The subject of this sketch passed the years intervening between in fancy and manhood in his childhood's home, receiving a moderate education, and even at an early date practicing habits of industry and perseverauce. In 1885 he married Miss Mary Gallager, daughter of James and Rose Gallager. Both Mr. and Mrs. McAnany are members of Father Dalton's church, and manifest great interest in the success of every worthy cause. To such men America is indebted for the en- -— >|v* -K^ viable repixtation she sustains in the commercial circles of other country's men whose watchword is duty, and who, following Hamlet's advice, "Take arms against a sea of troubles, and, by opposing, end them." George M. McDougal, another early settler, came to Wyandotte County, in 1865, and has been a resident of the same ever since, following agricultural pursuits. He raises about twenty acres of corn, averaging about forty bushels to the acre, and ten acres of wheat, fif- teen bushels to the acre. He bought his first land in 1867, a wild piece covered with heavy timber, paid |5 an acre, and now, with the improvements made on it, it is worth at least 150 per acre. He has since added eighty acres to the original tract, making 120 acres in all, and the entire tract is valued at $50 per acre. He has a fair orchard of good bearing trees, is extensively interested in the development of improved methods in agricultural life, and securing the best results attainable in that line. He bought his first land of the Blue Jacket's heirs. Mr. McDougal was born in Richland County, Ohio, on Jan- uary 22, 1838, and he is the eighth of eleven children born to John A. and Rachel J. (Hall) McDougal, natives of New York. The parents left that State in 1835, emigrated to Ohio and there they resided until 1841, when they moved to Allen County, Ind., where the father's death occurred in 1845. The mother died in 1879, at the age of seventy-eight. George M. was reared to manhood in Allen County, Ind. , and there he obtained a good common-school education. He learned the carpenter's trade, followed it in that county until he left in 1860, when he went to Colorado, and worked in the Georgia and French gulches. There he remained until the fall of 1860, when he went to Iowa, but returned the next spring and was successful in min- ing. He was prospecting most of the time. He enlisted in Central City, Colo., on January 21, 1863, in Company E, Third Colorado In- fantry Volunteers, under Capt. Moses and Col. James H. Ford, and their regiment was sent to guard the railroad in the Iron Mountains. In December, 1868, they were sent back to St. Louis, where they joined the Second Colorado, were mounted and sent to Western Mis- souri to fight the guerrillas. There they remained until November, 1865, when they were ordered out to the plains and joined ia scouting expedition, being thus employed until October 3, 1865. After the war Mr. McDougal came to this county and began farming, which occupa- tion he has successfully followed ever since. He does carpentering at odd times. Mr. McDougal was married on November 11, 1865, to Ifv*" M Miss Lizzie E. Paul, a native of Sheffield, England, born on January 12, 1846, and is the daughter of George and Ann J. Paul, natives of England. To Mr. and Mrs. McDougal have lieen born live interest- ing" children : Ida (wife of William Perkins), Frank, PaiU, Roy and Aiihur. In his political views Mr. McDougal affiliates with the Re- publican party, and he has tilled the office of school trustee nearly the entire time of his residence. He has also been road overseer. He is a member of the G. A. R., Capt. Kingscott Post No. 463, and is also a member of the Farmers' Alliance. Mr. McDougal is enterprising and progressive, and a man who is active in his support of all worthy en- terprises. M. F. McCall, merchant, Emmet, Kas. Among the enterprising business houses of this town, whose operations are worthy of record, is that conducted by Mr. McCall, who is one of the prominent business men of the town. He was born in Platte County, Mo., in 1861, to the union of William and Elizabeth (Porter) McCall, natives of Ohio and Missouri, respectively. M. F. McCall was sixth in order of birth of the nine children born to his parents, all of whom grew to maturity and are still living: Robert, Lottie, Josephine, Jesse M., William, John and Morton. The maiden name of Grandmother McCall was Calhoun. William McCall, father of our subject, was one of eleven children who grew to maturity: Jesse, Moses, Samuel, Montgomery, Robert, Israel, Nancy, Rebecca, Elizabeth and Mina. M. F. McCall grew to manhood and received a good common-school education in his native State. He began business for himself as a farmer in 1880, and followed this until 1887, when he engaged with Woolmann, selling clothing in Leavenworth. He continued at this but a short time and then embarked in the real estate business, which he carried on until 1889. At that date he bought a stock of goods at Pomeroy, remained but a short time, and then located where he now resides in September of that year. He has a large and well- assorted stock, and is a capable and enterprising business man. Mr. McCall was married in March, 1889. to Miss Clementine Turner, daughter of Thomas Turner, a na- tive of South Carolina. One child is the result of this union— Oley B. Mr. McCall is a Democrat in politics, and exercises his franchise on every occasion. W. H. McCamish, farmer. Bethel, Kas. Mr. McCamish is a prac- tical, go-ahead farmer, and fully appreciates the comforts of a com- petence gained by individual efforts. His birth occurred in Bradley County, Tenn., in December, 1835, and he is one of a family of eight ^■f ;i^ k. :^ children. His father, Samuel McCamish, was a native also of the Big Bend State, and was among the earlier settlers, moving from the upper part of the State to the Cherokee purchase the next year after which the Indians left. He oi)ened up a farm, and there his children were reared. They received very little schooling, a few months per haps during the winter, and hard work was the vwle. When AV. H. McCamish was nineteen years of age he came to Kansas, landing at Kansas City, Mo., September 19, 1855, on the way to an elder brother living in Johnson County. Here he kept store and the post-office for his brother, and in about a year he secured the mail contract from Westport to the edge of the Sac and Fox agency, carrying the mail all the time during the border trouble. He was frequently stopped, but the mail bags were his passport. Later an attack of the chills and fever prevented him from doing very much for a year and a half, and he boarded with old Capt. Barker. A Mr. Bacon requested him to go to the store at the Sac and Fox agency, and while there the store was plundered by the guerrillas, and even Mr. McCamish' s clothes were taken. After recovering, Mr. McCamish took a claim in John- son County, and worked on the same until the year before the war. He then went to Morris County. Early in the war he enlisted, to keep the Indians back, and then started down to repel Price, but the scare was over ere reaching the scene. He then returned to his claim, and there resided until 1867, coming from Morris County, Kas. , to Jack- son County, Mo., and thence to Wyandotte County. He located at what is now known as West Muncie, the old ferry place beiog his home, and rented the first year. In 1868 he bought the place, and resided there until 1884, engaged in farming. The land was covered with brush, but he soon had this cleared, and ere he sold out he had it all in fruit. As he owned some land in CofPee County, he moved to that, improved, and later sold it, coming back in December, 1885. He sold the land he owned in this county, and then bought eighty acres in the western corner of Quindaro Township, which he devotes to gen- eral farming, but expects in the future to turn it into small fi'uit and grass. He is a successful farmer, and has held a number of local positions, among them clerk of the school board and road supervisor. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. In 1858 he was married to Miss Mary J. Wells, a resident of Johnson County, and the daughter of G. W. Wells, who was a native of Virginia, but who moved to Kentucky, and thence to Kansas. Mr. and Mr. Mc- Camish are the parents of seven living children: Margaret, Robert F., ^ William H. , Charles R. (who died at Laurence, October 10, 1888, at the age of twenty-one years), George W., A. Lee, Edna May and Stella Myrtle. Robert A. is a prominent school teacher, William H. is a postal clerk on the North-Western Railroad, and Margaret is the wife of John Chandler, a farmer, at Louisville, Miami County, Kas. The paternal grandfather of our suljject, William McCamish, was under Jackson at New Orleans. The McCami.sh family is of Scotch origin. William McGeorge, mayor and druggist, Argentine, Kas. This representative citizen of the county is a native of Dunfries, Scotland, where his birth occurred September 13, 1852, and is a son of Thomas and Jane (Blacklock) McGeorge. The parents sailed for America in 1871, located in Clay County, Mo., near Excelsior Springs, bought a farm, and there the father died in 1885. The mother is still living and makes her home in Clay County, Mo. Their family consisted of seven children, six living, of whom our subject is the eldest. He was educated in his native country and served an apprenticeship in the drug business, graduating in pharmacy. He served four years as an ajiprentice, and although he thought this a long time, he persevered, and as a pharmacist has few equals. He sailed from Glasgow with his parents, landed in New York, and went with them to Clay County, Mo. After this he clerked in drug stores at different points for some time, and at last embarked in the business for himself at Camden Point, Mo., carrying it on for several years. In the spring of 1880 he went to Rcsedale, Kas., started a drug store, and is still ntnning the same. In 1884 he started his present stoi-e in Argentine, and at the present time carries on both stores, and is doing a flourishing business at both places. He thoroughly understands his business, and is ranked among the successful men of Argentine. He keeps a large and carefully selected stock of fresh and pure drugs and chemicals, toilet articles, perfumes, sponges, and makes a specialty of physicians' prescriptions. While living in Rosedale he served as councilman for two years, and in 1889 he was elected mayor of Argentine, still filling this position. Socially he is a member of the K. of P. He was mar- ried in 1882 to Miss Morvie Jones, a native of Wales, by wliora he has three children: John, William and Robert. Patrick McGonnigle, one of the oldest and most prominent pio- neers of Wyandotte Township, was born in the County of Donegal, Ireland, near the old city of Londonderry, November 12, 1827, and of the six children born to his parents, three sons and three daughters, he was the eldest in order of birth. The children were named as fol- ^f »' V no HISTOET OF KAS&AS. lows: Nancy (resides in Nevada, where her husband is engaged in mining I. Frank i married and resides in Wvandorte CoTtntyi. Kate ( married and resides in Kansas City. Kas. i. James (resides in Wy- andotte County ). All were bom in Ireland. The father was a native of the Emerald Isle, and was a farmer by occupation. The mother was also a native of Ireland. Both are dead. Patrick ilcGonnigle received his education in the old subscription schools, and when twen- ty-two years of age started out to fight life's battles for himself. When he landed in New York City he had but ?2. 50 in money, but he had the determination and pluck to persevere, and this, together with his honesty and industry, have placed him in the front rank as a fanner and horticulturist. He was married, in Leavenworth City. Kas.. in 1S5S. to Miss Rose McGuxgan. a native of Ireland, where she was well educated. To this marriage have been born six children — four sons and two daughters : Frank ( is married and resides in Kansas City. Kas.. where he follows the trade of a mechanic i. Henry (resides in Laramie City. Wyo. . and is yard master on the Union Pacific Kailroad t. Mary i is well educated and makes her home with her parents i. James I resides in Kansas City, Kas. . and is employed in the stock-yards ). Kate (resides at home and is also well educated i. and John P. (who is at home, and who wiU attend the high school the (doming term*. Mr. McGonnigle has always affiliated with the Democratic party, and sup- f>orts the true principles of Jeffersonianism, but has never been a bit- ter partisan by any means. He aims to vote for men of honor and integrity. Mr. and Mrs. McGonnigle and children are ardent mem- bers of the Boman Catholic Church, and have always contributed to all benevolent and charitable enterprises which have been worthy of consideration. Mr. McGonnigle emigrated from the Emerald Isle in June. 1S49, and landed in New York City August 1 of that year. From there he went to Chicago. 111. , engaged in selling linen goods, and remained in this business for two years. From there he went to Jackson County, Mo. . engaged in farming, but at the end of one year came to Wyandotte County, Kas (December, 1855 1. where he re- mained until the nest spring. He then started for Fort Biley, Kas. , and had a very interesting time with the " Border Ruffians " and " Jay- hawkers." who wanted him to join ranks with them, which honor Mr. McGonnigle very politely and modestly declined. He then started back, and stopjjed with an old Indian by the name of " Sachendine." for some time. From there he came down to the present site of Mun- cie, and met Ben Johnson, who had married an Indian girl. He *31- T' worked as a farm laborer for Mr. Johnson, until September 1, or for abont six months, and then worked for a man by the name of Garrett, of the old Indian Garrett family, spoken of in the early history. He worked there for abont two years, and then married his present wife. He leased the Garrett farm for two years, then another farm for five years, and then returned to the Garrett farm, where he remained another three years. After this he purchased his present farm of ninety eight acres, which was then a thicket and wilderness, and at that time Kansas City, Mo., had a population of not over 200. Main Street and all the principal streets of to-day were in a perfect wilderness, with bluffs on all sides. Mr. McGonnigle has witnessed the wonderful growth of this city, and has seen the population increase to 148.000. He has also seen the entire growth of Kansas City. Kas. : was here when there were no railroads, and when the entire population around Kan- sas City was Indians. When he first became the owner of his land he only paid SIT per acre, and there was not a sign of improvement on his land. He first erected a log- cabin, began immediately to improve his place, and this valuable land is to-day worth from S300 to $500 per acre, but Mr. McGonnigle does not care to sell. His property lies on the Union Pacific RaUroad, at the station of Muncie, and is near the great manufacturing plant of the Southwest, which is to be erected here at not a distant day. Mr. McGonnigle has on his fine farm a large and handsome residence, good outbuild- int^s. and everything for his convenience and comfort. He has worked hard for his home, and can now pass his declining years with a fair share of this world's goods. He lost his dear companion in 1872. and her remains are interred in the cemeter}- near home. . Lieut. -Gov. James McGrew, Kansas City. Kas. There are few men of the present day whom the world acknowledges as successful, more worthy of honorable mention, or whose life history affords a better example of what may be accomplished by a determined will and perseverance, than the subject of this sketch, and. indeed, his career is one well worthy of imitation. Mr. McGrew was bom in Pennsylvania on January 26, 1822. near the old battle-field of Gettys- burg, and a few years later was taken to Ohio by his father, thence to Sullivan County. Ind., close to Terre Haute, thence to Vermillion County, then to Henderson County, and from there to Wapello County, Iowa. In 1844 he moved to Keokuk County. Iowa, on the Sac and Fox reservation. In 1857 he emigrated to Wyandotte County, Kas.. and arrived there on September 22. of that year. Gov. McGrew was married in Keokuk County, Iowa, to Miss Mary Doggette, and afterward was engaged in merchandising at Lancaster, Iowa. He was then engaged in general merchandise business at Kansas City, Kas. , from 1860 until 1870. During the late Civil War he was a stanch Union man, was in the Kan- sas State Militia, and was close at hand during the battle of the Blue. Previous to the war, in 1859, he was elected to the House of Representatives, was re-elected in 1860, and in 1862 was elected to the State Senate, serving two years. He was elected lieutenant-gov- ernor in 1864, and held this position one term, after which he .stepped out of politics, but was afterward mayor of Wyandotte. While in ofBce he still kept his business going, and has since been looking after his property and estate. His first wife died in 1866 and left three children: Hemy (attorney), Josephine and Mary. His second mar- riage was to Lydia Slaven, of Alliance, Ohio, who bore him two chil- dren: Grace and Louise. The parents of Mr. McGrew, W. W. and Margaret (Milligan) McGrew, were natives of Pennsylvania, and the father was a carpenter and cabinet-maker by trade. He died in 1855 and the mother about 1872. The maternal grandfather was born in the Keystone State, and was of Irish-German extraction. Gov. Mc- Grew has a very desirable residence on Quindaro Boulevard, and he chose and selected the place, which consisted of several acres of forest trees, walnut, etc.. planted by the hand of Nature. Warner T. McGuinn (colored) is a well-known attorney at law in Kan- sas City, Kas. He is a Virginian by birth, and now in his twenty- eighth year, his birth occurring on November 22, 1862. In early life he was taken to Baltimore, Md., and having finished the common schools of his city he entered Lincoln University, Pennsylvania, after special preparation for that institution, and was graduated in 1884 with the degree of A. B. In the fall of that year he entered the law school of Howard University, but left that institution at the end of the first year to enter Yale College, where he was graduated in the class of 1887 with the degree of LL. B. , taking the Townsend prize of $100 for pronouncing the best oration on Commencement Day. We maj' say, incidentally, that Mr. McGuinn was the first colored man to pronounce an oration on Commencement Day at Yale College. On June 29, 1887, after a rigid examination by a "bar committee," he was admitted to practice in all the courts of Connecticut. In the fall of 1887 he came to Kansas prospecting, and finally decided that Kansas City, Kas., ofPered a fair field for a young man of push and intelligence. Here be opened bis office, and bas since done remaikal.ly well. He is an esceptionably intelligent and well -posted gentleman on all subjects, and is the present efficient editor of the American Citizen, a weekly journal tbat is owned by the colored men of the city, and is edited in the interests of Kansas City, Kas.. and the colored race. He takes a deep interest in the welfare and future success of Kansas City, and be- ing a young man of intelligence, push and energy, his future success in life is assured. M. H. McHale. How pleasant, after a long life, well and pros- perously spent, it is to look back over the vista of years that inter- vene between infancy and advanced manhood, with the full conscious- ness of having made the best possible iise of the " passing hours," and having benefited self and others in the struggle essential to success in the^commercial world. The subject of this sketch was one of the pioneer business men of Kansas City, starting here long before it had attained either its present magnitude or its great prosperity. His first arrival was in the year 1 876, at which time he entered the employ of the Union Pacific Railroad. In a short period he opened a wood and coal business, and for ten years managed it successfully, and in 1887 added the grocery business to the other, thereby largely increasing the profit's. But in 1889 he sold out to engage with the Bavarian Brewing Company, of Kansas City, Mo. All his efforts have been highly success- ful, and after traveling extensively, Mr. McHale considers Kansas City an exceedingly desirable place of residence. His birth occurred No- vember 9, 1855. at Zanesville, Ohio, being the son of Thomas McHale, a native of Ireland, who came to America in 1848, settling first in Rhode Island, next in Ohio, and spent two years in Keokuk, Iowa, from there went to Leavenworth and finally located in St. Mary's, Kas. Mr. McHale received a good common -school education, and took a business course in the Normal school at Leavenworth, where he arrived at man- hood. He was married in April, 1881, to Miss Sarah A. Henry, of Tennessee, and daughter of William Puett. To this union were born four childi'en, two of whom are now living, viz. : Minnie, Isabella, Maud and Jeanette, the two latter being dead. There are also two step children, viz. : Mollie and Anna Henry. Mr. McHale is a mem- ber of the Democratic party, being such when there were only two other Democrats in Armstrong, where he now resides. He is closely • identified with the Catholic Church. Thomas McMahon, farmer and fruit-grower, Argentine, Kas. Prom- inent among those of foreign V)irth now in Wyandotte County, stands ^' r 714 HISTORY OF KANSAS. the name of Mr. McMahon who was born ou the Emerald Isle, Kings County, in 1833, and who was left an orphan in infancy. At the early age of thirteen he was thrown upon his own resources, and when he emi- grated to the United States, and landed in New York, he was penniless. Not discouraged he went to work, and with little assistance from out- siders, amassed enough of this world's goods to assure him of a comfort- able old age. In November of 1852 he went to Hudson County, N. J., remained there that winter and then went to Hartford, Conn., where he worked on a farm for John Honman six months. In the fall of 1853 he came to New Orleans, remained there during the winter, and then in the spring of the following year he came to St. Louis, Mo. He con- tinned in that city until the spring of 1855 and then came to Leaven- worth, Kas. He was married in 1859 to Miss Bridget O' Flaherty, daughter of Owen and Catherine (Fitzgerald) O' Flaherty, natives of Ireland. Mrs. McMahon was born in Maryland on February 16, 1839, and has followed her husband in all his wanderings, has assisted him in his many hardships and trials, and has been a helpmate indeed. As before stated, Mr. McMahon came to Leavenworth, Kas., in 1855, but later located in Kansas City, Mo., where he entered life as a contractor for the grading of streets and roads. He had a contract for the grad- ing of the Hannibal & St. Jo, when the breaking out of the war com- pelled him to abandon this. He worked at this from 1855 to 1861, after which he took his stock and went to Johnson County, Kas., where he farmed until the spring of 1863. After this he took his family to Colorado, but remained only a short time, and the next spring started for Montana, where he remained until 1869. He engaged in freight- ing from Salt Lake Valley to the different mines. He was successful and cleared about $13,000. In 1859 be bought ten acres of land in Kansas City for $1,250, and in 1869 sold it and made 14,000 profit. This piece of land was located near the old town sight. In 1869 he returned to Kaunas City, remained there iintil May, and then bought his present farm of over ninety -eight acres, paying 140 per acre. It was a row piece of land and at one time belonged to the old Punkin family of the Shwanee tribe of Indians. This he has improved with a handsome dwelling, good outbuildings, excellent orchard, and many other improvements. The land is now worth .$500 per acre. His or- chard consists of 1,000 apple trees, all kinds and varieties, a fine selec- tion of peaches, the trees having been brought from Ohio, Illinois and Missouri, seven acres of grapes, nearly all Concord, two acres of Gregg raspberries, two acres of strawberries. Crescent Seedling and Downing, and sixty cLerry treps, principally the Early llichmon.l. His farm has been his source of livelihood for the past twelve years. Mr. McMahon is a Democrat in his political views, was elected treas urer of the Township Board of 1887, and held this position for three years. He served as assessor in 1888 and 1889, and his son, John H. is township clerk. He is also selected as State delegate for the year 1890, to be held at Wichita on the 9th of August. He and family are members of the Catholic Church at Argentine, and Mr. McMahon is president and treasurer of the building committee of the same The building when completed will cost $18,000, making the finest church in Argentine. Mr. McMahon has the interests of his county at heart, and supports all enterprises for the good of the same. His marriage was blessed by the birth of twelve children, seven now living: John H. May C. (wife of Charles Preobstel) twins, Ellen. Thomas F. (born in Montana), Francis, Agnes and Joseph Patrick. Those deceased are Anna Josephine, Henora. Daniel, Lawrence and Catherine. John McNulty, wholesale and retail dealer in flour, coal, wood, feed, etc., at Kansas City, Kas., was born in Monitor County, Mo., December 12, 1859, being a son of Patrick and Elizabeth (Lovelace) McNulty, the former of ^hom was born in Ireland and the latter in Barton County, Mo. They were maiTied about 1857, and in time a family of ten children gathered about their fireside— four sons and six daughters— their son, John, being the second of the family. The father was a railroad contractor, and he and his wife are now de- ceased. The subject of this sketch spent his boyhood on a farm in his native county, but at the early age of twelve years, left home to make his own way in the world, and since that time has relied upon his own exertions for a livelihood. For a number of years he was em- ployed as a farm hand in Monitor County, but at the age of seventeen years he went to Cole County, Mo., and began farming for himself, moving three years later to Holt County, Mo., where he farmed eight years and worked two years in a hardware store. On January 1, 1890, he came to Kansas City, Kas. , and for three months was employed in the car barn of the Metropolitan Street Railway. In J une of that year he established his present first class wholesale and retail flour and feed store at No. 741 Minnesota Avenue, and to the successful conduct of the same he is now devoting his time and attention. He is already doing a prosperous business and fully deserves the success with which his efforts may be attended, for he has worked his way up to his present position through his own merits, without aid from any- 1^< r^ body. He is honorable and upright in every respect, is proving himself a substantial citizen, and in his political views is a Democrat. His marriage which took place on August 19, 1880, was to Miss Dora Lewis, a native of Ohio, and a daughter of Jackson Lewis. Michael Malone, farmer and stock raiser, Shawneetown, Kas. In enumerating the enterprising and progressive agriculturists and stock- men of this township, Mr. Malone must not be overlooked. He came to Wyandotte County on April 3, 1857, and has made his home here ever since, being among the pioneers. Indians were numerous in the county, and the house that Mr. Malone now occupies was built by John Gore, a Kentuckian, who had married a Shawnee squaw. Mr. Ma- lone paid 125 per acre, but the many improvements placed upon it since have increased its value very much, and he now asks 175 per acre. The farm consists of 160 acres, and is divided into thirty-five acres of wheat, twenty acres of corn, and the balance in pasture and timber. Mr. Malone is assisted in the management of the farm by his son John. Michael Malone was born in Ireland in 1838, and is the fourth of seven children born to James and Margaret Malone, natives also of the Emerald Isle. Our subject came to the United States at a very early age (1844), landed in New York, where he re- mained but a short time, and then went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he remained three years. He then went to Richmond, Va., remained there two years, and then hearing of the mighty West he followed the emigrating populace as far as St. Louis, Mo. There he remained three years, and thinking to better his condition, he came to Jefferson City, and was a resident of that city for two years. All this time he was working as a day laborer. His next move was to Wyandotte City, then a trading j^oint for the Indians, and he has seen the many im- provements that have taken place, watching with interest and pleasure the building up of the metropolis of Kansas. The land he now owns was originally the home of an Indian family, and he has cleared it of the heavy timber with which it was then covered. Being one of the early settlers, he endured many hardships and privations, and has done much toward improving the county. Mr. Malone was married in Jefferson City, Mo., in 1856, to Miss Margaret Lee, a native of Rich- mond, Va. , and the daughter of Patrick Lee, a native also of the Old Dominion. This union resulted in the birth of seven children: Mar- garet (wife of Patrick Dover), James, Michael, John, Mollie, Cora and Hannah. Mr. Malone is a Democrat in politics, and he and family are members of the Catholic Church of Shawneetown. He carried on contracting until lute year., and gradt-d the first street in the old town of Wyandotte. He has had the contracts of some of the largest works in that city. When he first came here there were but four white fam- ilies in Wyandotte City. Michael J. Manning is one of Kansas City's well-known citizens, and not only is he known in a social and public way, but he is also a prominent grocer. His birth occurred in Richmond, Va., February 22, 1855, he being a son of Michael and Elizabeth (Martin) Manning, both of whom were bom in County Kerry, Ireland, and came to the United States unmarried, their imion taking place at Richmond, Va., in 1854. The father was a son of Daniel Manning, who spent his en tire life in Ireland, the mother's parents being John and Jane (Sayers) Martin, whe came to America when she was eleven years old. Mich- ael Manning came here when he was about twenty-one years of age, and spent the remainder of his life in Richmond, Va., dying of chol- era in August, 1854, or several months before the birth of the subject of this sketch. About three years after his death his widow married a man by the name of Richard McDonald, to whom she bore ten chil- dren, only four of whom are living. She died in September, 1877, but Mr. McDonald still lives, and resides in Washington, D. C. Dur- ing his early life, Michael J. Manning made his home with his grand- father and grandmother, Martin, in Richmond, Va., and when he was eight years old, he accompanied them to Washington, D. C, and a yelir later to Philadelphia, where he remained with them for about three and a half years. In 1867 he went with them to Martins- burg, W. Va., which place he made his home until 1876. He gave his attention to different employments in his early days, his first vent- ure being as a newsboy on the streets of Richmond, later in Wash- ington, and afterward in Philadelphia. He worked for a time in various brick-yards, and still later he drove a team upon the Baltimore & Ohio Railway, and was also employed variously for that company for six years. In the fall of 1876 he returned to Washington, D. C, and there followed different callings for some two years, coming in the fall of 1878 to Kansas City, Kas., which place has been his home up to the present time. He almost immediately secured employment in the shops of the Union Pacific Railway, at Armstrong, but at the end of a few months he began working in different freight depots in the city. At the end of one year he began working for the Armour Pack- ing Company, and about a year later he became business manager and local editor of the Catholic Banner, a weekly journal, published in *:?P r ^1 Kansas City, Mo., by Rev. Father William J. Daltou. The year following he clerked in a grocery, and the succeeding year was in the employ of the Kansas City Paper Company, then became an employe of the Armour Packing Company, after which, in October, 18S3, he was appointed to a position on the police force of the city under Mayor R. W. Hilliker, and remained in this capacity and as constable eighteen months, after which, in 1885, he was elected police judge of Old Kansas City, Kas. , retaining the same until 1886, when by the act of consolidation he was legislated out of office. In that year he was elected police judge of the consolidated cities of Wyandotte, Armourdale and Kansas City, when he was again legislated out of otifice by the Metropolitan Police Bill, making the olfice of police judge appointive. In 1887 he was appointed by Mayor T. F. Han- nan, to the ofBce of street commissioner, and this position retained for two years. In all of his official capacities he proved himself an exceptionally competent public oliicer, and had the full confidence, respect and support of the public. In the spring of 1889 he opened a grocery establishment at No. 1407 Central Avenue, and to this business his attention has been given ever since. On April 0, 1890, he removed to the large and handsome Simpson Block on Central Avenue, and at this place he is now conducting an exception- ally fine establishment, his patronage being very large. His friends are numerous, his enemies few, and being an honorable, upright citi zen, he fully deserves the confidence which the people repose in him. His marriage, which occurred July 5, 1882, was to Miss Mary E. Sullivan, a native of Washington, D. C , born in 1861, a daughter of John and Julia Sullivan, who were born in Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. Manning have had four children as follows: The first was an infant daughter that died unnamed, the others are John M.. Julia and Robert E. Mr. Manning and his wife are consistent members of the Catholic Church, and the former is a member of the A. O. U. W'. and National Union, both insurance societies. In politics he is inde- pendent, with Democratic proclivities, and at all times an enthusi- astic supporter of measures tending to alleviate the working masses. From the foregoing, it will be seen that Mr. Manning has had a va- ried career, a most valuable experience, and whilst deprived of early educational advantages, he is a man of considerable literary attain- ments, and a writer and orator of much force, having made many pub- lic addresses, and contributed many readable articles to newspapers and magazines in this vicinity. ^. f' WYANDOTTE COUNTY Frank Mapes. In every community we find men who wield an ex- tended intluence among their fellow- men, politically and otherwise and Mr. Mapes is one of these men. He was born m Racme, Wis. in 186'' and came to Kansas with his parents in 1865, and was reared o manhood in Kansas City, Kas., receiving the advantages of a high- school education. On starting out in life for himself he learned the trade of a machinist with the Missouri Pacific Railroad, and after following this calling successfully for several years, he began working in the Missouri Pacific shops, continuing two years, after which he secured a position in the freight office at Kansas City Kas. He served one year as deputy postmaster of Wyandotte, and was aftei- ward elected to the office of clerk of the county, receiving his elec ion at the hands of his Democratic friends, of which party he is a member, although the county is strongly Republican. He discharged his duties faithfully for two years, and won the respect and confidence, not only of his constituents, but those who differed from him politically also. He is the present city assessor, his appointment being received m February, 1890. He and his partner, John Warren, a sketch of whom appears in this work, organized the Young Men's Democratic Club of Wvandotte County, which organization has rapidly increased in number;, and the meetings are held in their office. They form a substantial real estate firm, and also do an extensive brokerage busi- ness. Each of these young men are representatives of old and re- spected families of this county, and their lives have been such hat not a shadow can be advanced derogalory to the reputation.o either. Although they have only been in business a short time, they have es- tablished their affairs on a safe basis, and give every promise of be- coming wealthy men. Georcre W. Martin has been the editor and proprietor of the Kan sas City Gazette, since the month of July, 1888, and is well known throughout the State, and an able and successful journahst. The first number of the paper appeared in 1859, and has beeri issued once a week up to the present time. A daily was started m 1S88, and in this short space of time has reached a local circulation of over 2,000, and as it is a member of the Press News Association, it obtains the news of the country as quickly as any other daily. It is a yell-pnnted four- pa<.e sheet, and the weekly, which has a circulation of over 1,200, is an ei "ht-pacre Daper. In October, 18S9, the plant was moved to a sub- BtLtial Crick structure. 25x80 feet, on Sixth Street, in the business portion of the town, and iu connection with the newspaper work, all ^ kinds of book and job printing are done. Mr. Martin is a Pennsylva- uian by birth, and in the month of March, 1857, came to Kansas, and settled in Douglas County, taking up his abode at a later period at Junction City, where he began publishing the Union. He was State printer for eight years, until 1881, and was the founder of what is now known as Printer's How, in Topeka, on Eighth Street and the Avenue. During 1865-66 he was register of the land office, and was the tirst removal by Andrew Johnson, and the first to be reinstated by Gen. Grant, in 1869. During the year 1867 he was internal revenue assess- oi'. He is past grand master of the State of the I. O. 0. F., and is a delegate to the Grand Lodge of the United States. Personally Mr. Martin is of a genial and social disposition, and possesses the instincts and training of a true gentleman. While he is not aggressive in opin- ion nor disputatious, yet he has most emphatically a "mind of his own," with the moral courage to express his views when occasion so demands, and fearlessly does so through the columns of his paper, which is one of the breezy and well-conducted journals of the State. Louis F. Martin, beef inspector, Kansas City, Kas. Mr. Martin was originally from Alton, 111., his birth occurring on April 14, 1850, and is a son of James K. and Hannah C. Martin, the father a native of Wheeling Creek, Ohio, and the mother of Germany. James K. was born in 1816. attained his growth in his native State, and was one of the first engineers on the flatboats on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. During the Mexican War he enlisted in the Third United States Dra- goons, and served until the close.' He is at jjresent residing in Chicago, 111. In politics he is a Republican. Louis F. Martin was reared to manhood partially in Alton, and when seven years of age, moved with his parents to Keokuk, Iowa, where they resided until 1864. He was educated in the public schools of Keokuk and Chicago, learned the trade of machinist at the Buckeye Foiindry in Keokuk, and was in the packing department for some time. After this he worked for Jef. Godman in Keokuk, and has worked for all the principal houses in Chicago. He came West in 1885, and took charge of the killing, cut- ting and casing department at Dods & Sons until 1889, when he was appointed inspector for the city. This position he tills at the present time. He was elected councilman at large in 1887, served two years, and was chairman of the Committee on Bridges and Viaducts, Jails and Police. He championed the cause of the constructing of the Seventh Street viaduct, and it is largely due to perseverance that the structure was completed. He visited Boston, made satisfactory arrangements. ^^ ^ "— -^t=J i:^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 721 and spent one year in getting the proposed arrangements to a finish. He introduced the asphalt and vitrified brick pavements to this city, and championed the cause of the people against the waterworks com- pany. In the spring of 1889 he was candidate for mayor. Prior to his coming to this city he was superintendent for the J. E. Boyd Pack- ing House of Omaha. Mr. Martin was married to Miss Addie M. Hub- bard, native of Quincy, 111., and a direct descendant of William Penu, and goes back to the Puritans on the Hubbard side. To Mr. and Mrs. .Martin have been born these children: Charles F.. Louis Franldin, Mabel Florence, Adelaide Esther, Alice Maud. Lorraine F. and an infant. Mr. Martin affiliates with the Republican party in politics, and was elected to his present position on that ticket. He is a mem- ber of Killwidding Lodge No. 311, A. F. & A. M., Chapter No. 127, Chicago, and is past patron of Chicago Chapter O. E. S. of this order. He was grand marshal of Illinois for three years, of Excelsior Lodge No. 8, K. of P. , and assisted in the organization of Fort Dearborn Division No. 1, Uniform Rank of K. P. He is a charter member of Chicago Division No. 7, and a member of Fireside Council of National Union. Mr. Martin assists in enterprises of a public nature and all that are worthy of his consideration. W. W. Martin, projarietor of the Hans Dairy Farm, and one of the prominent business men of the county, was originally from Brown County, Ohio, his birth occurring on February 13, 1833, and is the son of Zachariah and Rebecca (Southerland) Martin, natives, respect- ively, of Virginia and Ohio, and of Scotch and Irish descent. They are both deceased, the father dying in Brown County, Ohio, in 1855, at the age of fifty- six years, and the mother when forty-seven years of age. He was an anti-slavery man, was a Whig in politics before the war, and afterward was a Republican. He was the son of Alexander Martin, who was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and who died in Ohio soon after moving to that State, being then fifty years of age. Six children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Martin — four sons and two daughters— three now living. W. W. Martin, the fifth of the above- mentioned children, received his education in Brown County, Ohio, and after the death of his father, went to Putnam County, 111., making his home in that and La Salle County. In 186-1 he married Miss Emily Robinson, a native of Southern Illinois, bom in 1843, and the daugh- ter of Edward W. Robinson. Four interesting children were born to this union: May (wife of Angus Cameron, a stone-cutter of Kansas City, Kas. ), Edward W. (deputy postmaster of Kansas City, Kas. ), :f^ ^1^ ^ -^ ^J!^ 722 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Nettie (at home), and Daisy. Wliile living in La Salle County, 111., Mr. Martin followed farming, and this carried on until 1875, when he came to Kansas, and located in Johnson County. In 187U he located in Wyandotte County, and engaged in the dairy business in 1883, with four head of cattle. Since then he has developed the extensive trade which he now carries on. He has forty head of cows at the present time, and gets 100 gallons of milk per day. His farm of seventy-five acres s in the corporation, near the Rock Island roundhouse, and on the Murphy Boulevard. John R. Matney is a farmer and stock-raiser of Shawnee Town- ship, Wyandotte County, Kas. , and is one of the oldest and best known settlers of this region, having purchased his present admirably kept farm of 300 acres of Peggy Piebock, a Shawnee Indian. His birth occurred in Tazewell County, W. Va., January 23, 1834, he being the third of five children born to Charles and Abigail (Brown) Matney, both of whom were bom in that State, the former on November 24, 1803. He spent his youth and early manhood in the county of his birth, following the occupation of farming, and here he remained until 1844, the two subsequent years being spent in the occupation of farming in Platte County, Mo. In the fall of 1846 he moved to Jack- son County, settling at Westport, where he purchased a good farm of 100 acres, which he continued to till until the spring of 1866. In the fall of 1865 he lost his wife with small-iaox, but he still survives her, and is in the enjoyment of excellent health. In his early days he was renowned for his skill as a hunter, and many are the interesting inci- dents which he relates which occurred on his hunting expeditions. John R. Matney was reared to manhood in Westp)ort, Mo., but in 1866 followed his father's footsteps, and came to Kansas, and as above stated purchased his present farm. Since then he has greatly improved his property, and besides clearing his land of stumps and building fences, he has a commodious nine-roomed house, built upon the southern plan, and excellent barns and sheds fpr the protection of his stock. He has a large herd of Durham cattle, which he raises ex- clusively, besides a sufficient number of horses and mules for the suc- cessful conduct of his farm. His orchard comprises 1,000 apple trees, and he has other fruit in like proportion, among which may be men- tioned a large vineyard, the most of which is devoted to Concord grapes. Mr. Matney is a Democrat in his political views, and on this ticket was elected township treasurer, and was also clerk of the same for a number of years. He was one of the first directors when the \^« ^ ' a)' V school distric-t was organized, is still sucb, and was one of the iucor porate officers of the township. He was a delegate to the Democratic State Convention for two years, and he is a member of Shawnee Lodge No. 54, of the A. F. & A. M. , of which he has been treasurer. He is in favor of the Farmers' Alliance movement, and in fact, takes a deep interest in all worthy enterprises. He experienced many hardships during the late war, being robbed and threatened by bush- whackers and deserters, but was fortunate enough to escape with only the loss of money. On March 15, 1855, he was married to Miss Mis- souri Matney, a daughter of William and Salli© (Yoknm) Matney, who were born in West Virginia. Mrs. Matney was born in Westport, Mo., in 1842, and her union with Mr. Matney has resulted in the birth of nine children: Sarah (wife of Dave Havard), William (is a resident of Colorado and is married to Tillie Burton), David, Ella (wife of Charles Dotson), Henry, Albert, Alex, Minnie and Edith. Mr. Matney is one of the county's best and most substantial citizens, and his life has been filled with deeds of kindness, it being truly said of him that he never violated a friendship nor forgot a kind action done him. Such men as he make model American citizens, and fully deserve the honor which they invariably receive. On his farm is a walnut tree growing, which sprouted from an old walnnt planted by James Quape, a Shawnee Indian, thirty years ago, the diameter of the stump being four feet. Michael MesL gardener, Turner, Kas. The occupation which Mr. Mesh now follows has received his attention for a number of years, and it is but the truth to say that in it he is thoroughly posted and well in- formed. He is one of the early settlers of Wyandotte Couniy, coming here in September, 1860, from Ohio, and has lieen engaged in gardening ever since. His father bought over twenty two acres just north of Wyan- dotte, and there our subject now resides. His father was a native of Baden Baden. Germany, born in 1812, and grew to raanhood'in bis native country, where he learned the butcher's trade. He came to the United States in 1835, spent some tinije in seeing the country, and finally set- tled in Cincinnati, Ohio, before that city had hardly started. He owned a great deal of property but it was destroyed by fire and water- and he afterward, in 1800, came to Kansas, where he resided until his death in 1870. His widow survived him but two years. They had six children: Sophia (wife of Conrad Zwissler), John, George. Louisa (wife of Lew Holly), and Kate (widow of John Farrell). Michael and John bought the interests of the other heirs, and in 1886 they liought "JT e^^ ^=F^=^IV^ T 724 HISTORY OF KANSAS. .twenty acres near Turner, which they began improving, and now have it iu firstclass condition, and have it dedicated to gardening and fruit raising. These two places they run in partnership, and have the home place in fifty bearing apple trees, all varieties, ten j)lum trees, thirty peach trees, seventj'-five cherry trees, two acres in raspberries, half au acre in blackberries, one acre of strawberries, and one acre in Concord grapes. They have three-fourths of an acre in asparagus, one acre in rhubarb and the balance in all kinds of gardening. At the home of our subject he has 100 apple trees, eight difFerent varieties, a few plum, cherry, and pear trees, one and a half acres in raspberries, one- half acre in blackberries, one acre in strawberries, one acre in grapes, one-fourth of an acre in asparagus, and one-half acre in rhubarb. They make a specialty of early and late vegetables, and are well sup- plied with all kinds of machinery, etc., necessary to carry on the busi- ness successfully. They have 8,000 feet of glass, thus enabling them to raise all kinds of vegetables in the winter and spring, and late in the fall. Michael Mesh was born iu Cincinnati, Ohio, on December 31, 1855, and there attained his growth. He was married in Wyandotte County, Kas., in 1885, to Miss Rebecca Anna Morrow, the daughter of Thomas and Emily Morrow, natives of Mis.souri and Ohio, respect- ively. She was born in Clay County, Mo., on February 14, 1868, and two children are the result of their union: Emma Louisa and John. Mr. Mesh is a Democrat in politics, and was reared in the Catholic faith. He supports any enterprise that has for its object the welfare of the county. James N. Myers, one of the original white settlers of Quindaro Township, located here in 1863, and since his residence here he has been very prominently identified with the material afPairs of this com- munity, indeed far more so than the average of men. He was born in Montgomery County, Ind., on October 14, 1846, and is the third of five children born to James and Mary A. (Matthews) Myers, natives of Kentucky, where the father was reared to manhood. The latter was given a common-school education, and carried on agricultural pursuits the principal part of his life. He moved west in 1839, settled in Mont- gomery County, and here continued his chosen occupation until 1859, when he came to this State, locating at Fort Scott, where he remained until 1868. He was a member of the State Militia, and was killed during Gen. Price's raid. James N. Myers was reared to manhood partly in In- diana and partly in Kansas, and when seventeen years of age, he enlisted iu the Sixteenth Kansas Cavalry, under Capt. Stubblefield. in the We.st- "^ s V^ ^L^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 725 ern Division. His compauy followed Gen. Price in his retreat from Lexington, Mo. , to Arkansas River, and captured Gen. Marmaduke at Mine Creek, on the Missouri and Kansas line. They followed Gen. Price to Arkansas River, and then went to Fort Leavenworth, where they were mustered out in December, 1865. During the Indian troubles in the spring of 1865, this company was sent to Colorado, Wyoming Territory and Nebraska, to quell the disturbance, and re- mained nine months. Returning to Fort Leavenworth, Mr. Myers came to this county and settled in this township, where he purchased 200 acres of land in 1878. The year previous to this he was appointed keeper of the poor farm, and remained in that position one term. He then returned to his farm, and has met with excellent success, being one of the solid farmers and representative citizens of this county. In October. 1809, he was married to Miss Anna Malott, daughter of Hiram and Susan E. Malott. and a native of Platte County, Mo. , born in Jime, 1853. They have four children: Martha Elizabeth, Charles I., Lenora and James A. Mr. Myers affiliates with the Democratic party in his political views. He has held the {position of school director for several years, and is a man who contributes liberally to all char- itable or worthy enterprises. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M. , Delaware Lodge No. 90. John F. Meyers, contractor and builder, Kansas City, Kas. Among the many industries of a town and county worthy of record, and standing among the foremost in importance is that of contractor and builder. Prominent among those engaged in this is Mr. Meyers, who was born in Franklin County, Mo., in 1843, and who was reared and received a good common-school education in that county. He also learned the trade of contractor and builder there, and remained there until 1806, when he came to Kansas. He first located in Wyan- dotte, taught an English and a German school for five months, and then began contracting, which he has carried on ever since. He found plenty of work and did the work on several houses himself during the panic. He is a skilled workman, and is prospering in this business. He is the owner of a lot, 180x115 feet, at the corner of Third and Virginia Avenue, has three houses on the same, and is the owner of three or four other places in the city, some business property on Minnesota Avenue and his shop on Fifth Street. He is one of the leading con- tractors of the city, and is highly respected and esteemed as a thor- oughly reliable man of business. In 1807 he was united in marriage to Miss Carrie M. Harris, of St. Louis County, Mo. , and they have A one child, Jessie I. Mr. Meyers is the son of F. W. and Anna Meyers, both natives of Germany. The parents came to the United States in 1837 and settled in Franklin Connty, Mo. Our subject is a Repnblican in his political principles, and socially is a member of the I. O. O. F. He is a member of the Methodist Ejaiscopal Church, and is not only a competent, successful and reliable business man, but is a man highly esteemed for his social qualities. George C. Mick first came to "Wyandotte County, Kas. , in 1870, and during the four years that he then made his home here, he spent one year in driving a freight wagon from the frontier towns to the In- dian Nation. At the end of the four years he went to Ohio, where he remained eight years engaged in farming, and from this State he re- moved to Iowa, and one year later returned to Wyandotte County, Kas., and here followed the occupation of farming for some years, but of late years has given his attention to the raising of small fruit and potatoes. He owns twelve and one-half acres in Section 23, which is devoted to fruit as follows: Four acres in raspberries, one and one-half acres in strawberries, 700 apple trees, 130 plum trees and thirty-tive acres are given to potatoes, the yield annually being from 100 to 250 bushels to the acre. He raises about 10, 000 heads of cabbage, also other vege- tables in large quantities. He seems to be especially well adapted to this calling, for he has met with a more than average degree of suc- cess, and his efforts to makea success of his life is well worthy the em- ulation of all. He was born in Pike County, Ohio, August 28, 1849, being the eldest of seven children born to Peter and Caroline (Bar- tholomew) Mick, natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio, respectively. The father died in 1862 and the mother in 1874, both being deeply re- gretted by their children. George C. Mick was reared to mature years in Missouri and Illinois, and after his father's death he moved with his mother to Kentucky, and from there back to Ohio soon after- ward. In the fall of 1865 George C. returned to Missouri, then came to Kansas as above stated. He was married in 1876 to Miss Clara Morris, of Ohio, and to them five children have been born: Almus, George, Etta, Fredie and Nellie. Mr. Mick has always supported Republican principles, and he and his wife are worthy mernbers of the Christian Church. He also belongs to the Farmers' Alliance, and is a supporter of all worthy public enterprises. Adolph Miller is a carpenter and joiner, but at the present time is engaged principally in horticulture, an enterprise that pays well in this section of the country. He is a native of Poland, his birth occur- I CI "g ^ ^^'- Vf WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 727 ring near the ancient city of Poseu, on August 16, 1856, he being the third of three children, the two other members of the family dying in infancy. Their father was of German birth, and died at the age of forty-seven years, having been a carpenter and joiner throughout life. The mother was a native of Poland and died at the age of fifty- nine years. Adolph Miller emigrated from his native land in the fall of 1863 direct to New York City; went from there to Chicago, from there direct to Lawrence and Wj^audotte, Kas. , where he was employed on the building of the Kansas Pacific Railroad, then the Union Pacific, now located in Wyandotte, Kas. The county at that date was in a very primitive -condition, forty or fifty houses con- stituting the present flourishing Kansas City, Kas., and his father felled the first tree ever cut on his present farm. He settled on his farm of thirty acres in 1868, it being at that time overgrown with brush and timber, and he and his mother, who was a widow, cleared the farm themselves and converted the same into a flourishing garden .spot. Here Mr. Miller began for himself the hard battle of life. The uncleared forest, the unbroken soil, The iron barlt that turns the lumberer's axe, The rapid that e'er bears the boatman's toil. The prairie, hiding the mazed wanderer's tracks, The ambushed Indian, the prowling bear; .Such were the needs that helped his youth to train — Rough culture — but such trees large fruit may bear. If but their stocks be of right girth and grain. Mr. Miller expects to devote his farm to horticultural purposes, and it must be said that he could do no better, for on account of his close proximity to the "Chicago of the West,'" it is sure to prove very profitable. The first cost of his land was about $15 per acre, but he now values it at $200 per acre. He has a commodious and comfort- able frame residence, good barns, etc. At the present time he is rais- ing the following varieties of fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, apricots, the best varieties of grapes, strawberries, raspberries, black- berries, gooseberries and currants. His early edtication was obtained in the common schools of this county with the Indians, in fact, his teacher was part Indian, and he remembers many interesting circum- stances that happened during this time. He afterward attended what was known as the " Stone School " or "old No. 2," where he received sufficient education to fit him for the practical duties of life. He was married to Miss Luella Holly, who was born near Albany. Wis., her 9 L^ 'Vji 728 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. education being received in Kansas, and many of her old schoolmates and classmates were members of the Wyandotte tribe of Indians. Her marriage to Mr. Miller took place on May IH, 1880, and to their union two sons have been born: Ernest (aged nine years), and Alphonso (aged seven). Mr. Miller has always been a Democrat, and his first presidential vote was cast for Gen. Hancock. Alexander E. Miller, farmer and fruit grower, Pomeroy, Kas. This esteemed and very industrious citizen is a native of the Keystone State, his birth occurring in York County, on October 12, 1816, and is a son of David and Elizabeth (Ewing) Miller, the father a native of Ger- many, and the mother of Pennsylvania. Both were of Scotch descent. Their children, ten in number, of whom our subject was the third, are named as follows: Jane (married Joseph Feltenburger, of York County, Penn. ), John, Eve (became the wife of Thomas Nessworthy), David, Samuel, Elizabeth A. , William, Mary Ann (wife of Henry Chap- man), and Phoebe C. (wife of George Chapman). Mr. Miller was mar- ried in 1841, to Miss Elizabeth Richard, daughter of Benjamin and Catherine (Huston) Richard, and his union was blessed by the birth of nine children, sis of whom are still living: William R. (resides in Cambridge, Ohio), Margaret J. (wife of Reuben W. Fishburn, of Kansas City, Kas.), Franklin P. (a resident of this county), James H. (a resident of the county), Andrew C. (also a resident of Kansas City, Kas.), and Florence (wife of Burt Beedle, and a resident of Rosedale, Kas). Mr. Miller came to Wyandotte County in 1869, and located on his present property, consisting of ninety-seven acres six miles north- west of Kansas City, where he has resided ever since. He has one of the best improved farms in the county, and has excellent buildings, good barns, etc. Everything indicates to the beholder that the owner is progressive and thoroughgoing. He raises various kinds of fruits, and on his farm are splendid springs of clear, cold water Mr. Miller was reared a stone-mason, and followed that trade most all the time until coming to Kansas. He believes in liberal education, and is an active supporter of various enterprises. He has at all times sup- ported the Republican party, and is a strict partisan. He and Mrs. Miller are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. G. A. Miller, ex superintendent of the Blind Asylum of Wyandotte County, Kas., has been a resident of this State since 1865, but was born in Wayne County, N. Y. , in 1835, and from the time he was three years- of age he was reared in the State of Michigan. Besides attending the common schools, he received a good academic education, ^ 'k. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 729 and upon attaining a suitable age he opened a mercantile establish- ment in Adrian, Mich., which he conducted in a highly satisfactory manner for ten years. He was married in this State, in 1858, to Miss Jnlia A. Stowers, a native of JefFerson County, N. Y., and to them a family of two children have been born: Fred W. (aged seventeen years), and Clara L. (aged sixteen). On coming to this State Mr. Miller first settled in Leavenworth, and during a residence of ten years there, was employed in heating buildings by steam, but was then appointed to the position of superintendent of the Blind Asylum of Wyandotte County, he being the third man to hold that responsible position. He was fourteen years in office, was under three diflFerent boards of trust- ees, and during all this time his management was never found fault with or criticised. He did all his own work and then resigned the position because the salary had been reduced. He has been quite an extensive dealer of real estate since he located here, and is the owner of a large ranch near the city. He platted the first addition to Kansas City in the eighties, was J. O. Stout & Co.'s first, second and third additions, and is interested in other property. Kansas City was a small town when he came here, and at that time there was not a railroad in operation in the State, but he began to purchase land, and is now the owner of between 4,000 and 5,000 acres, on which he is extensively engaged in raising horses, cattle and hogs. His residence in the town is handsome and commodious, admirably fitted up with all modern conveniences and heated by steam. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are highly honored residents of Kansas City. Mr. Miller inherits German blood of his father, who was a native of Canada, born in 1803. The latter removed to the States in his young days and settled in the State of New York, aboiit 1810 or 1812, and was there married to Miss Lydia Dorsey, who was born near Baltimore, Md., in 1797, her father, who was of Irish descent, being an extensive slave holder. The mother died in 1886. lacking a few days of being ninety years of age. She was vigorous mentally and physically until a short time before her death, and of a family of sixteen children of which she was a member, none died prior to seventy years of age. The Second and Fifth Methodist Episcopal Conferences in Wayne County, N. Y., were held in Daniel Dorsey' s (the grandfather's) granary, by Bishop Asbury, and the family have in their possession a tablecloth on which the communion was given, and also a watch given Mr. Miller's mother by that emi- nent divine. ^-* i V 730 HISTORY OF KANSAS. George Miller, one of the representative citizens of Kansas City, Kas , and tbe owner of considerable real estate, is of foreign birth, having been born in Hanover, Germany, November 10, 1822. His parents, Frederick W. and Catherine Augusta Miller, were natives also of the same country. The father followed the butcher's trade until his death, which occurred in 1836. In 1844 our subject came to the United States, landed in New Orleans, and from there went to St. Louis, Mo., where he resided for ten years, following the butcher's trade, which he had learned from his father. From there he went to Peoria, HI., continued his former business, and made his home there for eighteen years. During this time he entered tbe United States Navy, enlisting at Chicago, April 15, 1805, serving on tbe " La Fayette,' ' which floated on the Mississippi Eiver between St. Louis and Memphis. He was shipped as a seaman, and served during the last few months of the war, after which he was forced into the regular service, where he served out his regular time of three years. He was under Capt. Foster, and was mustered out in Maryland, in 1868. After the war he went home, and in 1870 moved to Kansas City, Mo., where he conducted the butcher's business, until 1880. Mr. Miller was married November 7, 1851, to Miss Amelia Gabbles, a native of Hanover, Germany, born January 22, 1832, and the daughter of Matthias and Sophia Gabbles, natives of Germany also. To Mr. and Mrs. Miller ten children have been born, six living: Lewis, Katie, George, Joseph, Constantine and Amanda. Mr. Miller and his family are members of the Catholic Church, and are liberal in their support of all laudable public enter- prises. In politics he is a stanch Democrat. He has been a resident of Kansas City, Kas., since 1884, and although he has retired from the butcher's business, he has invested largely in real estate, and is the owner of considerable rental property. Thomas H. Miller is foreman of the packing department of Ar- mour's Packing House at Kansas City, and has been in the employ of the same since 1873, with the exception of three years spent in Kan- sas City, during Garfield's and Arthur's administration, when he was in the United States Revenue Department. At the end of that time he gave up his position, and returned to his former employment with Armour, and has proved a valuable man to his employer, ably discharg- ing his duties. He was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1839, and at the age of seventeen years came to America, and located in Cincinnati, Ohio, and at the time of the opening of the late war he was clerking in that city. He continiied his duties until 1862, when he joined the *7I^ A l^ Ohio State Militia, and was in active service during the Kirhy Smith and Morgan raids. While under Col. Roberts they captured Morgan and his men on the Ohio River in Ohio, after which they were dis- banded for the time being. Mr. Miller was afterward mustered into service once more, and went to Fort McHenry, Baltimore, Md., and was with Gen. Grant during the last campaign, but was stationed at Fort McHenry a portion of the time, to guard prisoners. ' He was mustered out of service in Ohio in 1864. after which he returned to his former employment of clerking, and remained thus occupied until 1868 at which time he went to New York City, where he fortunately secured employment and made his home four years. In 1872 he came west to Kansas City, Kas., and has held his present position as above stated. He was married to Miss Agnes Anderson, and by her is the father of one child. Clifford H. He and his wife are members of the Presbyte- rian Church, and he is a warm supporter of Republican principles. His father. George Miller, was a worthy and honest tiller of the soil in Scotland. Ernest M. Mills, M. D., is a young physician of acknowledged merit in Wyandotte County, Kas., and although he has only practiced his profession since March 25, 1890, he gives every promise of becom- ing eminent in his calling, and already commands the respect of his medical brethren in Kansas City. He was born in Washington County, Iowa, January 3, 1863, being a son of Manning and Ursula (Stone) Mills, who were native Ohioans, the former born in Trumbull, and the latter in Ashtabula County. Dr. Mills continued to make his home in his native county until 1879, when he removed to Streator. 111., and there attended the public schools for a period of four years, after which he followed various occupations until 1887. In the meantime he had begun the study of medicine, and in the fall of that year he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of Chicago, and in this institution was a faithful student until his graduation, which took place March 25, 1890, While still a student he had practiced some in Chicago, but April 23, 1890, he removed to Kansas, and opened an office in Kansas City, where he has since held forth. Although his career here has been short, he has won the good -will and respect of many, and he will soon have a lucrative practice. He is a believer in Republican principles, and always votes that ticket. Homer F. Mitchell, another prominent business man of Kansas City, Kas., was originally from the Empire State, his birth occurring in St. Lawrence County, February 24, 1854. He is at present in the ^l^ 732 HISTORY OF KANSAS. employ of the great plant, "The Keystone Iron Works," at Kansas City, Kas., and is a pattern-maker in the same. Of the eight children born to his jjarents he is the youngest in order of birth. Those living are named as follows: Louise (resides in Omaha, and is the widow of Hiram Lamphear, who was a boot and shoe manufacturer), Martha (resides in Kansas City, and is the wife of President James Smith, of the Keystone Iron Works), Nellie (married Charles Matthews, a ma chinist, and resides in Kansas City, Kas.). Homer F. Mitchell was edu- cated in the common schools and in the State Normal Training School in St. Lawrence County, N. Y. , remaining in the last-named institu- tion for eight years, and being well fitted for the practical life he has since led. He started out for himself at the age of fifteen years; was in a sash and door shop for nine years, and in 1878 came West. He began working in the Keystone Iron Works, and there he has remained for twelve years. During this time he has been engaged in carpenter work, also pattern work, and in fact everything requiring mechanical skill. Here he has gained the universal good-will of all his employers. He is at present engaged in the general pattern work of this plant. May 24, 1882, Mr. Mitchell's marriage to Miss Emma Chonteau was solemnized. She was born in Kansas City, Mo. , and educated in the city graded schools. The fruits of this union were two little daugh- ters: Louise (aged six years), and Carrie (aged two years). Mr. Mitchell is Democratic in his political views, and has aimed to support only the best men, but has never been a bitter partisan. He is a gentleman who will not let politics interfere with his business. He is a member of the K. of P., of Wyandotte, Kas., Fellowship Lodge No. 2. Mrs. Mitchell is a member of the Catholic Church, and her grand- mother was the first white woman to set foot in Kansas City, Mo. They have contributed of their means to all enterprises of a laudable character, and are esteemed and respected by all acquainted with them. Mr. Mitchell has chosen the profession of pattern-maker for a life occupation, and this he finds a lucrative business. He is a young gentleman of exemplary character, and has a bright future before him. He has the united confidence and esteem of his superiors and his fellow- workers. Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell are residents of \Vyan- dotte, Kas., where they are the owners of a nice cottage on Twelfth Street. Here they are held in high esteem by their friends and neighbors, William S. Mitchell, mechanic, Kansas City, Kas. That great plant, The Keystone Iron Works, finds employment for many individuals, 3?n t Ml and among the number we tind the name of William S. Mitchell, who has served faithfully as foreman of the architectural department of this immense plant for the past twelve years. Like many other represent- ative citizens, he is a native of New York State, his birth occurring in July, 1842, and was the youngest of eleven children. His father was a native of Ireland, and was a weaver of linen in the old country. He died at the age of eighty-four years. The mother was also a native of the Emerald Isle, and died when seventy-two years of age. William S. Mitchell secured his early education in the public schools of Buffalo, N. Y.. and this fitted him for the practical life he has since led. When fourteen years of age, he commenced as an apprentice to a printer, then shipped on the great lakes, as cabin-boy, and afterward became fore- castle-boy on the lake schooner. He remained in that capacity for two years, and then attended public schools for three years. After this he went to Canada, and there served as salesman for nine years in a gen- eral store. and then embarked in the life-insurance business in Lockport, N. Y. From there he went to Kansas City, Mo., in 1869, and entered the emjiloy of J. P. Green, of the Iron Works, out of which grew the Keystone Iron Works. He remained in this plant until the firm was christened The Keystone Iron Works of Kansas City, Kas. During the past twelve years Mr. Mitchell has served faithfully and well as foreman of the architectural department, and no man is held in higher esteem. He has about thirty men at the present time under his management, although when he first started he had but six men, including himself, and it is thus clearly seen how rapidly the Keystone Works have ad- vanced. He is a favorite not only with his employers, but has the good- will of the men under him. In Kansas City, Mo., in November, 1870, Mr. Mitchell was married to Miss Elizabeth B. Noble, a native of Scot- land, born in the city of Edinburg. She was educated in her native country, and in Germany. Her father, who was a tobacconist by occu- pation, is now deceased. Mr. Mitchell's marriage resulted in the birth of three children — two sons and one daughter: David (deceased), Janet (resides at home, and has a good common-school education), and William (is at home, and is fourteen years of age). Mr. Mitchell is a Republican in his political views, and his first presidential vote was for Gen. V. S. Grant, during his second administration. He lost his com- panion in life in 1886, from an acute attack of cancer, and her remains are interred in the Elmwood Cemetery, Kansas City, Mo. Mr. Mitch- ell is now residing at 548 Freeman Avenue. He has seen Kansas City. Mo., and Wyandotte when they were almost in their infancy, and where -,f ^1 the Uuion Depot now stands it was almost a wilderness. He bas wit- nessed tbe wonderful development of both Kansas City, Mo., and Kan- sas City, Kas. , and tbe changes have been remarkable. He expects to make Kansas City, Mo., bis borne, where he is well known, and where bis honesty and integrity are tbe guiding stars to his .success in life. Mcirtin Lnther Mooney resides with his uncle, R. T. Mooney. in Grinter, Wyandotte County, Kas., and though at different times he has worked as carpenter and joiner, be is at tbe present writing en- gaged in tilling tbe soil. He is a native of North Carolina, bis birth occurring in the village of Fairview, in that State, on February S, 1873. He is tbe fourth of a family of six children born to his parents, viz. : James O. (who resides in Wyandotte County, and is a brick- mason and carpenter by trade), Mary (who is now Mrs. Fletcher Aus- tin, and lives in Limestone, N. C), Robert D. (lives in Fairview), N. C. (is single, and a carpenter and joiner), Martin Luther (tbe subject of the present sketch), Mattie C. (lives in Fairview, N. C. ), and Charles B. (the youngest child, who bas just reached his eleventh year). The father is fifty-two years of age, was born in North Caro- lina, and bas at different periods of his life been a mechanic and en- gaged in mercantile business. He is living at tbe present writing in Fairview, N. C, and upon tbe whole bas had a successful life. Tbe mother died in her fortieth year. Martin Mooney was educated in tbe common schools, and also took a course in the graded schools of Asbville, in his native State. He greatly appreciates the value of practical knowledge, and endeavors to succeed in life by means of in- dustry and good judgment. At tbe age of sixteen he commenced life for himself, and turned his attention to farming. He had no finan- cial assistance, and depended wholly upon himself in all business trans- actions, and bas been quite successful. He manifests great interest in politics, being a stanch Democrat and true to bis partj' principles. He is a member of tbe Farmers' Alliance, and fully believes that by consistency of purpose they can accomplish much good for agricult- urists throughout the county. Mr. Mooney belongs to the Baptist Church, and is at all times a generous contributor to religious causes. In point of fact Mr. Mooney will always continue to meet with suc- cess, which is the sure result of strict integrity and energetic business habits. Robert Taylor Mooney, tbe subject of tbe present sketch, is one of the most prosperous and popular residents of Wyandotte County, Kas. His birth occurred at Rutherford, N. C. , on October 24, 1846, be ^ r '^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 735 being the fourth child of the three sous and three daughters born to his parents. The names of these chiklreu are Jonathan (who resides in Fairview, N. C, and is a merchant), Elizabeth (who is at present a widow and living in South Carolina), Robert Taylor (a history of whose life now claims attention), Emillie (the wife of a prominent planter in the State of North Carolina), Sarah Caroline (the youngest of the family, and who resides in North Carolina). The parents were both natives of that State, the former being a millwright by profession. The father is dead, but the mother, at the advanced age of seventy - one, continues to enjoy good health. Robert received his education at the common schools, where he fitted himself for the practical duties of life, and he has always been a stong advocate of the principles which tend to develop practical results, and opposed to the forms of education which yield mere surface knowledge. After reaching his nineteenth year he commenced to work for himself, adopting the pro- fession of a millwright, and making a decided success of this, his chosen vocation. Mr. Mooney married Miss Mary Elizabeth Grinter, on May 20, 1875. The ceremony was performed in Wyandotte County, where Miss Grinter was born February 9, 1857, and where she received a good education in the public schools. To them have been born six children: Mattie Francis (died in early infancy), Ora Etta (is twelve years old and resides with her parents, she evinces great fondness for study, and has already made great progress in her music, and will re- ceive a thorough education), Anna Emily (is nine years old), Bertha Elizabeth (aged seven), John Clay (is five years old), and Ella Florence (is in her second year). Politically Mr. Mooney has always been in sympathy with the Democratic party, and to its interests has devoted much time and consideration. He was treasurer of Wyandotte Town- ship for two terms, an office which he filled most satisfactorily, and which proved his popularity in the community in which he resides. Diuing the past three years Mr. Mooney has acted as school trustee. He is\ member of the A. F. & A. M., Delaware Lodge No. 96, in White Church, Kas., and also of the Farmers' Alliance. He favors harmony in all the relations of life, and in all classes of business. Mr. Mooney is a faithful member of the Baptist Church, and his wife of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They both manifest great inter- est in religious matters, and especially in Sabbath -schools. Mr. Mooney emigrated from North Carolina to Kansas, in the year 1871, locating in Johnson County, where he purchased ten acres of land, and which he afterward sold. He has worked at his trade in the fol- IKT ^^ (3() HISTOliY OF KANSAS. lowing places, viz. : Kansas City, Mo., Kansas City, Kas., Leavenwortli, Atchison, Valley Falls and Junction City. His work bas at all times been very superior, and he has commanded good salaries, having been employed in the erection of some of the most imjwrtant elevators, mills, and manufactories in the vicinity of the above-named cities. At the time of his arrival in this county it was not developed at all, and the growth is due to the push and energy of the men who settled hero. At the present writing he owns a valuable tract of land com- prising 160 acres, which is valued at from |;JCO to $500 per acre, and upon this is a lovely farm residence, and all modern conveniences. Whit Moran, mechanic, Kansas City, Kas. Mr. Moran, the subject of this mechanical sketch, is foreman of the blacksmith shops in the great plant known as " The Keystone Iron Works," Kansas City, Kas., and in this capacity his superior is not to be found. He was born iu Charleston, W. Va., on July, 1, 1855, and of the eight children born to his parents he was fifth in order of birth. His father was a native of Monroe County. W. Va. , and was a carpenter and joiner by trade. His death occurred in 1873. The mother, also a native of the Pan- Haudle State, is now sixty-two years of age, and resides in Cole Val- ley, W. Va. Whit Moran obtained an early education in the common schools, and commenced life for himself at the early age of fourteen years as a blacksmith with his Ijrother. He remained with his brother two years, became a skilled mechanic, and then went to Huntington, W. Va. , where he remained over six years as blacksmith in the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad sho[)s. From there he moved to Kansas City, Mo. . in 187U, went to work for the Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad shops, but only re- mained there a short time. He then entered the rolling-mills at Rose- dale. Kas., continued there two years, and then went to Kansas City, Mo., where he entered the employ of "The Keystone Iron Works " in 1881, and has been closely identified with the same ever since. He entered the shops as foreman of the blacksmith shops, and he has a force of expert smiths and helpers from eighteen to twenty in number. He oversees all large contracts for distant States and Territories which are sent to the Keystone Iron Works. Mr. Moran is a gentleman who has the entire confidence of his employers, and the perfect good- will of his men. He receives a large and lucrative salary, which stamps him as a man who is well qualified to take full charge of any place or calling in his trade or profession. Mr. Moran was married on August 21, 1889, to Miss Maggie Clarkin, a native of Ireland, their marriage being solemnized in Wvandotte, Kas. Mrs. Moran ^ ;iv^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 737 was educated iu the graded schools of Kansas City, Kas. Mr. Moraa adheres in principle and precept to the Democratic party, is an ardent admirer of Hon. Grover Cleveland, and his first prosidental vote was for S. J. Tildeu, of New York. He has been an active politician, and has endeavored to support men of {jrinciple and honor. Mr. and Mrs. Moran reside on Lyons Avenue. Wyandotte, Kas., and here they expect to make their future home. Mr. Moran is a young gen tleman whose future is bright before him, and he commands the true respect of all with whom he comes in contact. He is skilled in his profession, and at any time can find employment. He is an exem- plary young man iu his habits, or he could not hold the responsible position he fills at the present time. His record shows that he has not lost a week's time in five years. When he first came to Kansas City, Mo., it was a straggling city of perhaps a population of 60,000, and he has seen the wonderful changes and developments which have taken place since then. He has known Kansas City in all her changes, and many fortunes have been made out of real estate. The city has a population now of 138,000. Frederick Morasch, fruit-grower, Kansas City, Kas. Mr. Morasch was originally from Germany, his birth occurring on April 21, 1819, and is a son of Jacob and Marguerite Johanna (Miller) Morasch, the parents also natives of Germany. The father was game- keeper for the Duke of Nassau. He reared a family of four children — two sons and two daughters — the daughters being the elder and born in 1812 and 181*5. The father died November 2, 1845, and the mother on March 20, 1841. Frederick Morasch attended school from the age of six to fourteen years, and then worked with a paper and window blind hanger. Later he learned the stone mason's trade with his father's brother, and remained working with him for about ten years, working on one building for two years. When about twenty-five years of age, he selected for his life companion Miss Christina Herrmann, a native of Germany, who died on July 9, 1881. Mr. Morasch was the father of seven children by this union, only two now living: Christina Phil- bina Lena (was born on January 17, 1846, and died when quite young), Johann Christian Karl (born on September IS, 1848, and died in 1850), Maria Barbara (was born March 9, 1851, and died when young), John Phillip W. (was born on December 10, 1852, and is now living with his father; he was married on July 23, 1878, to Miss Mary Moerer, and they have four children, one, Charles H. , died on May 22, 1890, at the age of seventeen months), Johannatha P. fwas ^^ 738 HISTORY OF KANSAS. bora on January 27, 1855, and is the wife of John Kern, residing in Denver), Francis P. (was born on April 27, 1857, and died in Novem- ber, 1877), and Mary Louisa (was born on March 2, 18fi0, and died on September 13, 1865). After his marriage Mr. Morasch worked at his trade in his native country until 1848, and at that time the Revo- lution caused him to seek more congenial climes. He emigrated to America, landed in New York on March 19 of that year, and then moved to Jackson County, Ind., where his brother and some old friends were living. He resided in Brownstown, Ind., until he came to Kansas, and worked at his trade for two years. He then went on the farm, and at one time owned 240 acres of land, which he sold when contemjilating to remove to this State. While in Indiana he was a member of the Lutheran Church, and an active worker in the same. Politically he is a Republican, and socially he is an honorable member of the I. O. O. F., having been a member of the same for twenty-five years. Charles Morasch, a prominent old citizen of Quindaro Township, and another of the many enterprising men of foreign birth now resid- ing in Wyandotte County, was originally from Germany, born in a portion that now is a part of Russia, in 1822. He received a good education in Germany, learned the stone-mason' s trade, and worked at this imtil 1846, when he came to America, locating first in New York City, but his first work was done iu BufPalo. He first received $10 a month with board but soon tired of this, and went to Sandusky, where he obtained no employment, and he then went to Lower Sandusky. From there he went to Toledo, then on the canal to Cincin- nati, and only had enough money to pay for a week's board in Cincin- nati. After this he experienced some pretty hard times, until he met some friends who assisted him. He afterward went to Madison, Ind., and secured work on the strength of being a finished workman, having served three full years as an apprentice. He would not work under wages, and as a result was obliged to go to Brownstown, Ind., where he received 14 per month for six mouths. He then went to a fellow- countryman, and got S'l per day for putting up hay, after which he got work at his trade. As soon as his skill manifested itself, he re- ceived from $2.50 to $3 per day, and remained in the vicinity for nine years. He was married to Miss Sarah Winkler, a native of Virginia, born in 1833, and eight living children are the fruits of this union: Charles, Jennie, William, Loiiise, Fred N. (a merchant of Wyandotte), Otto, Frank and Teenie C. After his marriage Mr. Morasch bought a ^^^t^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 739 farm and worked at bis trade in Jackson County, Ind., until 1855. He then emigrated to Wabaunsee County, Kas. . Mill Creek, where he expected to be in a German settlement, but seeing the necessity of a mixed population he came to Quindaro, Wyandotte County, in 1857. He worked at his trade here until 1859, speculated in Quindaro and else- where, and lost about $3,000 on property and grocery business, and at the same time carried on his trade. He resided in Quindaro, from 1857 until the fall of 1860. when he purchased his present farm con- sisting of seven hundred acres. He improved the same, built a good house, and prospered very tinely until 1877, when his house burned down. Not discouraged, he went to work and erected a fine brick house, in which he now resides, and which is an ornament to his place. There are eleven rooms in the house, all heated by a good furnace, and he also has a good cellar. Ho has earned the right to be comfortable in his declining years, and can now pass his days in ease, and even in kixury. In politics Mr. Morasch is a Democrat. He was a member of the State militia one month, and during Gen. Price's raid through Missouri, had two horses and a cow stolen. Mr. Morasch is one of the substantial men of the county, is the owner of property in Wyandotte, Argentine, Armstrong and in the Missouri Kiver bottom. He was the son of J. J. and Mary (Mieller) Morasch, both of whom died in Germany. The father was game-keeper for the Duke of Nassau, and our subject has a spoon that Ijelonged to his grand- father, on the handle of which is the date -'1768." Mr. and Mrs. Morasch visited Germany in 1883 and 1887, and very much enjoyed their trip, to their old country. Mr. and Mrs. Morasch lost two chil- dren, both about eight years of age, and both bright children. They were named Mary and George. Joseph Moreland, one of the prominent dairymen of this city, has been engaged in this business for the past twelve years in this and Jackson County, Mo. , and has been unusually successful in this occu- pation. He owes his nativity to Butler County, Ohio, where his birth occurred on February 10, 1847, and is the fourth in a family of eleven children, born to Thomas and Sarah A. (Horl) Moreland, natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio, respectively. The father passed his youthful days in the Keystone State, and there followed the occupation of farming until his removal to Ohio, where he was married. He re- mained in the last named State but a short time, and then took a trip to Indiana, Western Iowa, Western Missouri, Johnson County, Kas., and Jackson County, Kas., where he located. The mother died in ■>f^ 740 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Northern Missouri in 18H7, and the father in Kansas in 1887. Joseph Moreland began the dairy business, and met with such good success, and enlarged his stock to such an extent, that in 1881 he moved on a farm, remaining there bvit one year. He then returned to the dairy business, which he has since followed. In 1881 he lost fourteen of his best milch cows, bat not discouraged he still continued to carry on the business. He moved over the State line in 1884, and in this State he has resided ever since. He purchased a good patch of land south- west of Argentine, and has built a nice cottage, good barn and has a fine stone spring house in which he cares for his milk. He has twen- ty-eight good milch cows, consisting of Holstein, Short-horn and Jer- sey stock, all acknowledged to be the best in this section of the State. He handles about sixty-five or eighty gallons of milk per day, and has routes in Armourdale and Argentine. Mr. Moreland was married in 1875 to Miss Mary E. Bruce, daughter of Andrew and Ellen R. (Ful- ler) Bruce, natives of Vermont and New York, respectively. Mrs. Moreland was born in Dodge City, Wis., on November '28, 1857, and by her marriage became the mother of three children: Florence B., Ella E. and Lotta M. Mr. Moreland is a Republican in politics, but does not aspire for office. He is an enterprising man, and extends a helping hand to all worthy movements. Thomas H. Morgan, whose sketch now claims attention, is chief engineer of the No. 1 engine room at the Armour Packing House, a position that he has held since February, 1887, having worked his way up with that firm since 1882. By trade Mr. Morgan is a vice hand, learning that trade with the Arctic Engine Company, of Cleve- land, Ohio. He is by birth and education an Englishman, his birth occurring in Middlesex, about nine miles from London, on December 20, 1860. His parents, William and Emma Morgan, were natives of England, and the father was a machinist in that country. Thus at an early age the subject of this sketch was familiar with machine shops, and naturally cultivated the taste which he inherited for such work. He passed his childhood and youth in his native land, learning habits of industry and perseverance that have been of inestimable service to him in his business career. He is a thoroughly enterprising man, seeking always to advance both his own interests and those of the community in which he makes his home, and giving especial attention to religious and educational causes of a worthy nature. In 1881 Mr. Morgan married Miss Lilly Smith, and to this union have been born three children, viz. : Harry, Violet and Cecil. Mrs. Morgan's birth occurred in Eng- land, but she has resided in Jackson County, since 1870. Though Kansas City is noted for enterprising business men, who by their ability and energy have raised this place in a few short years from comparative obscurity to great prominence, none merit more praise than does Mr. Morgan. Without financial assistance he has, single-handed, fought the battle for position, and now stands victorious among the busy crowd of bread-winners that wait on every side to gather up what they may of fame and fortune. Northrop Moore is the present superintendent of the gas works of Kansas City, Kas., and came to this place from Fairfield, Iowa, where he held a like position. He was born in Pomeroy, Ohio, in 1858, and in the county of his birth he grew to manhood and was educated, and Ijesides attending the common schools was for some lime a student in Wabash College, of Crawfordsville, Ind. After starting out in life for himself he became connected with the gas works of Nebraska City, Neb., and in 1884 held the position of superintendent of the Fair- field (Iowa) Gas Works for one year, after which he came to Kansas City, Kas. , and was given his present position, signing the contract to serve five years, and here expects to make his home for some time, at least. He has given much attention to the gas business, thor- oughly understands every detail of the work, and is tilling his present position in a very acceptable manner, the gas plant being at the cor- ner of Everett and Second Streets. Mr. Moore is a young gentleman of much energy and enterprise, and although he has only been a res- ident of the city a short time he has numerous and warm friends who wish him well in every undertaking. His parents are S. A. M. and Lydia L. Moore. D. W. Mount, now a resident of Kansas City, Kas., is a native Virginian, his birth occurring in that State on November 4, 1847, his parents, William and Sarah J. (Wilson) Mount, having been born in Washington, Penn., in 1824, and in Virginia in 1823, respectively. The father was a cabinet-maker by trade, and after following this call- ing in Virginia until 1852 he removed to Fairfield, Iowa, and after- ward located in Liberty ville where he opened a mercantile establish ment. He was a Whig in politics, a member of the Methodist Church , and died in Iowa September 27, 1854. After his death his widow mar- ried Brookeu Jeffers, and in addition to the five children which she bore Mr. Mount, she bore her second husband torn- children, four of the former and three of the latter being now alive. The mother is still living and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. D. ^ 742 HISTOllY OF KANSAS. W. Mount spent his early life in Iowa, and in 1867 came to Wyan- dotte, Kas. , and entered a mercantile establishment, the first thirteen years being in the employ of one firm in Wyandotte,'uow Kansas City, Kas. He then piirchased and operated a fruit farm, but when the city began to boom he sold out to the London Heights Land Company, and has since given his attention to dealing in real estate and to mer- chandising, in both of which he has been very successful. On De cember 9, 1863, he joined the Union army, becoming a member of Company I, Thirteenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and was discharged on July 20, 1865, participating during his service in the battles around Kenesaw Mountain, where he was captured July 22, 1864, after having been under tire for forty-five days, was taken to Andersonville and then to Florence Prisons. He was paroled December 14, 1864, and on the morning of the 16th was delivered to the United State's fleet off Fort Sumter, S. C. He was married on October 18, 1871, to Miss Lena Wiltz, a native of St. Louis, Mo., and two children, Etta M. and James R., have been born to them. Mr. Mount is a Republican in .State affairs, and in local afPairs is non-partisan. J. W. Mount, of the Transfer firm of Mount Bros., of Kansas City, Kas. , is a native of Iowa, his birth Jiaving occurred near Fairfield in 1853. His father's death occurred when he was one year old, and he afterward came to Kansas with his mother and step- father, and located at Armourdale, this being about 1858. They once owned the land on which the town now stands, and here J. W. Mount was reared to a farm life, but was given no educational advantages, all the schooling he re- ceived being between the age of twenty and twenty-one. By self-ap- plication he so fitted himself as to be perfectly capable of transacting his own business, and clerking in a store for some time, assisted in bringing about this desirable state of affairs. He then came to Kan- sas City, Kas., and opened a grocery store, and after meeting with fair success in this business for four years, he sold out his stock of goods, and is now renting his store, which is located on Sixth Street. He owns a good two story business building, 50x60 feet front, No. 406 North Sixth Street, and since selling out has been interested in the transfer business, with the exception of a short time when he and his partner sold out. They now do all the transfer business of Kan- sas City, that is of any magnitude, and althoiigh they have had com- petition from time to time, their business has not been injured in the least. They keep five teams going all the time, and run two moving cars, one truck wagon, and have vehicles of all kinds that could be K" called for. Mr. Mount was married ia 1870, his wife being Miss MoUie Smith, a native of Ohio, born in 1855, and to them one child has been born, Willie, who is now seven years of age. Mr. Mount has always been earnest and sincere in his endeavors to succeed in life, and that he is attaining his desires is beyond dispute, for, notwith- standing the fact that he started upon an independent career with no capital, he is now quite well to do. [For history of Mr. Mount's parents see sketch of D. W. Mount |. A. N. Moyer is a Canadian by birth, and was l)orn in what is now Ontario on August 10. 1837, being a son of Abraham B. and Mary (Nash) Moyer, the former a native of Lincoln County, Ontario, and the latter of Bucks County, Penn. His early life was spent in his native country on a farm, and after acquiring a sufficient amount of educa- tion he began teaching school in 1857, and followed that pursuit for eighteen years. After his removal to the United States in 1859 he located in Kendall County, 111., and here he taught two winter terms of school, and during his vacations was a student in Clark Seminary, of Aurora. During the winter of 1801^62 he taught a school in Tazewell County, near Pekin. Init during the summer of the last-named year and the following fall and winter he had charge of the schools at Port Elgin, Ontario. The three following years he had charge of the public school at Soiith Cayuga, Ontario, and then followed the same oc- cupation in Campden, Lincoln County, during the nest three years. In the summer of 1868 he came AVest to Kansas City, Mo., and in the fol- lowing fall was elected assistant superintendent of the public schools at Independence, Mo. , the duties of which he discharged for two years. While there he was married, in 1871, to Miss Nannie Entrekin, for- merly of Kingston, Ohio. During the school year of 1871 and 1872 he held a professorship in Lincoln College at Greenwood, Mo., but in the last-named year he located in Wyandotte Coiinty, Kas. , and for three years was first assistant in the Central School, and was instructor in German. This closes his career as a teacher. In 1874 he engaged in the real estate business, and in October, 1879, in connection with R. B. Armstrong, purchased the Wyandotte Gazette, and continued to be one of its publishers and proprietors until 1887, when he sold his in- terest and assisted in the organization of the Wyandotte National Bank and is now its vice-president. He also assisted in the organization of the Wyandotte Loan & Trust Company, which erected the large and handsome brick business block in which the bank is located. He is also treasurer of the Kansas City Savings Bank, organized in August, ;r^ 4 744 HISTORY OF KANSAS. 1890. He is a Republican in his political views, and he and wife are consistent members of the Presbyterian Church. He is vice president of the Central Water Works Construction Company of Kansas City, and since taking up his abode in the county he has done much to build up and improve the same, and his efforts have been fully ap])reciated by his numerous friends and acquaintances. Martin Myers is a native of York State, his birth occurring in Port Jervis, Orange County, on Febiirary 20, 1860, and like the majority of native New Yorkers, he is industrious, enterprising, and decidedly progressive in his views, a tit citizen for booming Kansas City, Kas. His parents, John and Anna Myers, were born, reared and married in Germany, and on emigrating to America located in the State of New York, where they became the parents of nine childi'en, only three of whom are living. The subject of this sketch was but four years of age when his mother died and only ten years old when his father passed from life, and thus left an orphan at an early age, he was com- pelled to make his own way in the world, and at the age of twelve years secured a situation upon the Delaware & Hudson Canal, remaining thus employed for seven consecutive summers, during the tirst live years of which he acted as driver. During the last two years he was in charge of a boat owned by another man, at the end of which time he went to Scranton, Penn., and until he was twenty-one years of age worked in a steel-mill, after which, in 1881, he came West as far as Chicago, and during his two years' residence in that city, drove a team the first year and the second was in the employ of the Armour Packing Company. In January, 1883, he came to Kansas City, Kas., which place has been his home ever since, and here he has become a well-to-do business man. During the first three years and two months of his residence here he was employed in the packing-house of George Fowler & Son, and in May, 1886, he took the money he had thus earned and purchased a stock of groceries, opening up a store at No. 129 North James Street, as the partner of Matthew Quinn. They did a successful liusiness at that place for two years, at the end of which time Mr. Myers sold his interest to his partner. Fifteen days later, or on May 23, 1888, he purchased from F. O. Wheeler a half interest in a grocer}' store at No. 247 North James Street, the other half being owned by John L. Jones. The partnership thus formed has existed ever since, and the men who compose the firm are now classed among the leading grocers of the city. On October 8, 1888, they removed to the brick block on the corner of North Sixth Street andOrville Aveniie, I - _j t v-»- where they have an excellent and complete line of {jjoods. Their store, which occupies Nos. 401 and 403 North Sixth Street, is 33x50 feet, and is stocked with as fine a lot of groceries as are to be found in this section of the country. Both gentlemen are stirring and enterprising young men, and this fact, in connection with their desire to please and their honorable mode of doing business, has enabled them to build up a large patronage. Mr. Myers was married May 3, 1888, to Miss Katie O'Brien, who was reared at Humboldt, this State, and both are consistent members of the Catholic Church. James F. Nettleton, although a resident of Kansas City, Kas., was born near Ingersoll, Canada, March 1, 1848, being a son of Amos and Sidney (Hodges) Nettleton, they being also born in Canada, the former a sou of Amos and Mary Nettleton, and the latter a daughter of Tim- othy Hodges, all being natives of Canada. The Nettleton family in the United States are descended from two brothers, who came to America from England. To Amos and Sidney Nettleton a family of eight children were born, the names of those living being as follows: ' Ziba M., Mary E., James F., Esther A. and Sarah J., all of whom re- side in California, with the exception of the subject of this sketch. Amos Nettleton died in Kansas City, Kas., July 5, 1883, to which place he had removed fi'om Iowa about 1877, having previously re- moved from Canada to Ogle County, 111., in 1853, from there to Lee County, 111. , thence to Butler County, Iowa, in 1864. He took up his abode in Hardin County, Iowa, four years later, and the following year removed to Johnson County, Mo., returning to Butler County, Iowa, in 1875, coming to Kansas two years later. He was a farmer by occupation,^ a member of the Methodist Church, and politically was a Republican. His wife is still living, her home now being in California, whither she removed in 1886 to be near her children. ' James F. Nettleton, the immediate subject of this biography, was but five years old when his parents removed from Canada to Illinois. His youthful days were spent in Ogle and Lee Counties, attending school in winter and working on the farm during the summer, but afterward went with his parents to Iowa. In the spring of 1865 he returned to Lee County, 111., and served a three years' apprenticeship at the wagon and carriage maker's trade, but returned to his parents in 1868, and the following winter attended school in Hardin Connty. He at- tained his majority while on his way to Johnson County, Mo., with his parents, but the succeeding summer farmed with his father, but in the fall returned to Amboy, Lee County, 111., and in that place and 74G HISTOKY OF KANSAS. vicinity remained about five years engaged in wagon and carriage making, also the carpenter's trade and farming. In 1874 he again went to Butler County, Iowa, aad after working five years at the car- penter's trade, he, in 1879, came to Kansas City, Kas., and after work- ing for about three months as a house carpenter he spent three and one-half years as a ear repairer for the Missouri Pacific Railway, and for three years following this acted as foreman of inspection and re- pairs for the Fort Scott & Gulf Railway. In September, 1886, he removed to Springfield Mo., and there for five months he acted as fore- man of the car shops for the same road. Upon his return to Kansas City, Kas., in the spring of 1887, he was employed a few months as car builder in the shops of the above road, but on November 17, 1887, he gave up this business to engage in the grocer's trade, his partner being William F. Peters, their establishment, an excellent one of the kind, being at No. 12 North James Street. They are well established in business, are doing well and have proven themselves strictly honor- able in all their business transactions. Mr. Nettleton was married May 8, 1871, to Miss Permelia J. Eddy, a native of New York State, and a daughter of George and Fannie (Hart) Eddy, by whom he has one child, Esther Mabel, born February 11, 1872. Mr. Nettleton is a member of the A. O. U. W., and in his political views is a Repub- lican, and has been a member of the school board for six years. His wife's parents removed to Lee County, 111. , from New York, when she was a small child, and in this county she grew to womanhood. Her birth occurred June 30, 1851. Gus. J. Neubert, Grand Keeper of Records and Seal of the Grand Lodge of the K. of P. of Kansas, and a man broad and liberal in his views, and one who has the respect and confidence of all, was born in Saxony, Germany, January 1, 1834. He received his education there, and there continued to reside until seventeen years of age. He then emigrated to America, located in New York City first, but later came to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he remained for some time. After this he traveled over the United States, and in 1853 was married, in Canton, Ohio, to Miss Mary Vogel, a native of that city, who bore him one child, a son, named Gus. T. , who is now foreman of the erecting shops of the Union Pacific Railroad Company, at Ellis, Kas. Mr. Neubert was the publisher and editor of several papers, and con- nected with others, in Ohio as well as other States, until he came to Wyandotte, now Kansas City, Kas., where he embarked in the drug business, his "first love," as he says. He was educated as a chemist. ^' ll£ WVANDOTTE COUNTY. 747 and carried this business on in Wyandotte for sixteen years. He be- came connected with the Order of K. P. February 5, 1874, and after tilling positions in his own lodge, he was elected G. K. of R. & S. in March, 1876, which position he still holds without opposition. He abandoned the drug business in 1882, and has made his home in Kansas City, Kas. , ever since, and is now giving his whole attention to the Order of K. of P. He has held several positions in the local lodge of A. F. & A. M. ; served as worshipful master for two years in succession; is a member of the Council of Koyal and Select Mas- ters, and of the Chapter of Koyal Arch Masons. He is also a mem- ber of the I. O. Q. F., and has passed the chairs of both lodge and encampment of that order. In politics Mr. Neubert was an Abolition- ist, and afterward followed the Republican party. Patrick J. Nichols is the general superintendent of the packing- house of Kingan & Co., limited, and although he was born in Belfast, Ireland, December 6, 1848, he has been a subject of Uncle Sam for the past nineteen years. His parents, Samuel and Elizabeth (Scully) Nichols, were also born on the Emerald Isle, the former's birth occur- ring October 30, 1817, he being now a resident of Belfast, in which city his wife died in 1883, at about the age of forty-tive years. Patrick J. is the eldest of a family of fourteen children born to them, of whom twelve are now living, and his early education was acquired in the city of Belfast. For twelve years after leaving school he was in the pro- vision business in the city of his birth, in the employ of Kingan & Co., and for eleven years after coming to the United States he was in the employ of the same Company, in Indianapolis, Ind., and since 1882 has been in Kansas City, Kas., for three years being with Jacob Dold, and the remainder of the time with Kingan & Co. He has been with this company longer than any other of their employes, a fact which speaks louder than words can do as to his faithfulness and competency. He was married in his native land, in 1870, his wife being Miss Kate McShane, who was born in Belfast, Ireland, November 11, 1854, and to them eight children have been born: Mary E., Samuel A., Kate, Patrick J., Jr., Henry, James, Lena Anastasia and Anna. Mr. Nich- ols in religion is a Catholic, socially being a member of the C. K. of A. Owen Nugent, of Kansas City, Kas., was born in County Monaghan, Ireland, in 1844, where the family were evicted from their homestead, by Shirley, landlord of the estate on which they rented their farm. From there he came with the rest of the family to Drogheda, County Louth, where he served his apprenticeship to the carpenter's trade. He jy^ afterward became a contractor and builder, and in connection with this kept a grocery store and liquor bouse, and at a later period an under- taking establishment. He took a deep interest in politics, made speeches for, and helped to elect John Martin for (Jounty Meath. He made sj)eeches for the National party, and advocated the release of the Fenian prisoners, and at one time was introduced to Parnell, liy George Harley Kirk, M. P. This being before Parnell was in politics. He also gave his aid and support to A. M. Sullivan, M. P. ; met T. D. Sullivan, and was also acquainted with John Nolan, who was secretary of the first Amnesty Committee, and O' Donovan Rossa, besides all the Fenian officers. He served as a member of the city council of Drog- heda, County Louth, for one year, and was on the grand jury one term. His name is mentioned in the court of chancery, and at one time he won the sum of £16,000. He studied elocution, was a leader in a dramatic club which played several dramas, also Shakespeare's leading tragedies, in all of which he took a prominent part. Although he had been success- ful in his native land, he was unfortunate enough to lose much of his property, and being ^iroud and ambitious, he determined to retrieve his fortunes in America, and after reaching the United States he ojaened a liquor house, in New York, but through fravid lost all his remaining property, consisting of several thousand dollars. He then began working at his trade, and after a short period opened a hotel in Stanton, Iowa, which he afterward sold, and came to Atchison, Kas. , where he was taken sick, and was unable to do anything for about a year. At the end of this time he came to Kansas City, Kas., and worked at his trade for seven years, for George Fowler & Son, beef and pork packers, and in 1884 he took a prominent part in politics, and was the first Irish- man, in Wyandotte County, to come out openly and advocate the prin- ciples of the Republican party. He made several speeches during the Blaine and Logan campaign, and was the cause of bringing many Irish- men into the Republican ranks. He was married in Ireland, to Miss Mary Smith, and to them a family of sixteen children have been born, four of whom died in infancy. The family are members of the Roman Catholic Church. J. H. Olliges, one of the original settlers of Argentine, and one of that city's prominent business men, is a native of Hanover, Germany, where his birth occurred on May 17, 1842. He is the second eldest of nine children, six of whom are now living, born to the marriage of Antoine and Tobina (Haynes) Olliges, who were originally from Paris. The father owned an interest in a cattle and sheep ranch, but left r France aad s(>ttleil iu Hanover, Germany, wben a yoai-g man. Later he studied law, and still later he engaged iu merchandising, at which be was so successful that he retired from active duties in 1870. His death occurred in 1SS7 at the age of eighty years. His wife died six months later. Several members of the Olliges family served under Napoleon Bonaparte, and Nicholas Olliges, and uncle of our subject, was one of Bonaparte's soldiers, and fought at the battle of Moscow. He came to the United States in 1862, was desirous of entering the United States Army, but was rejected owing to his bad eyesight. He died in 1864. J. H. Olliges was educated by a private instructor, and finished in a private school. He was also a military student from sis to fourteen years. In 1859 he emigrated to this country, but pre- vious to that time he had been interested in school matters, and was also interested iu the care of stock up to that time. After coming to this country he followed shipping merchandise to London, England, and engaged in any occupation which presented itself. He was a sailor. Tnd contemplated a trip to Africa, but his father refused to let him go. After this he went to Covington, Ky., and worked at any honest employment he could secure, experiencing many hardships, but never becoming discouraged. In the spring he began clerking in a stove and tinware shop at Covington, but only remained in this posi- tion but a short time. In 1862 he enlisted in the Union army as a driver in the Cumberland Division, and served until he took sick, when he was compelled to go to the hospital in Cincinnati. After recover ing he returned to his regiment, fought at Stone River, and assisted in the capture of Cumberland Gap. He was in the battle of Perry ville, Bardstown, Ky., and was taken prisoner by Morgan. Later he was paroled, and returned to Louisville, where he re-entered the service. He was mustered out in 1865, returned to Louisville, Ky., and engaged in a wholesale grocery house of that city, where he remained two years. After this he was with Bose & Co. , wholesale grocers and liquor dealers, with whom he remained one year, and then returned to his former employers, remaining with them six months. He then worked with Tate & Son for a short time, then again returned to old employer with whom he remained but a few months. He then engaged in the transfer business, made considerable money, and remained for some time, but afterward was in a tin and hardware store for seven years. Owing to ill health he gave up this position and rested until 1871, whence went to Indiana and began tilling the .soil, continuing at this eight years, and meeting with unusual success. From there he went *7I^ (^ ^! ili_ 750 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. to Covington, Ky , and in 1880 embarked in the grocery business, which he continued for eighteen months. After this lie sold out and traveled for his health. In 1882 he came to Kansas Cit)', took charge of a hardware store, but gave this up and took charge of the Santa Fe freight office in Argentine for one year. He was then in the furniture business for some time, and afterward with the firm of Borgstedr & Co., remaining with them for two years and five months, after which he dissolved partnership. He began] business^ for himself, and has since carried it on, meeting with much success. In October, 1868, he was married to Miss Mary E. Zainer, who was born in 1846, and the daughter of Louis Zainer, and the fruits of this union were six children, five living: Louis, Tobina, Lizzie, Lulu, Johnny (de- ceased) and Mary. Mr. Olliges is a Demoorat in his politics, and socially is a member of the I. O. O. F. For twelve years himself and family have been members of the Catholic Church. August Olson is a native of Sweden, and like the majority of his countrymen, he is honest, industrious and thrifty. He was born Au- gust 28, 1843, being a son of Olof Anderson and Anna Kajsa. the former of whom was born August 31, 1814, and the latter November 16, 1816, their marriage taking place about 1840, and in time resvxlting in the birth of four children: Anders, August, Anders and Anna. The two named Anders are deceased, the elder one dying before the latter was born. The father and mother are both living, their home being in the village of Fiskinge, Parish of Asker, Sweden, and the former de- voted his attention to farming, but is now retired from the active duties of life on account of his advanced age, his farm being now cultivated by his son-in law, who lives with him. August Olson was reared to manhood upon his father's farm, which he helped to cultivate until he reached the age of twenty-six years. In 1869 he emigrated tfo Amer- ica, leaving Gothenburg on April 2, and going to Hull. England, from which place he went by rail to Liverpool, and there, April 9, took pas- sage in the '"City of Baltimore," and after a voyage of nineteen days, the vessel reached New York. Upon the following day he left that place for Kansas City, Mo., and he arrived on May 6, 1869, but on the afternoon of the same day left for Lawrence, Kas. , in the vicinity of which place he remained for three years, one of the years being spent as a farm hand, and the other two was an employe of P. D. Kidenour, then of Lawrence, but now wholesale grocer of Kansas City, Mo. In 1872 Mr. Olson returned to Kansas City, and for eight years was in the employ of the Armour Packing Company. For a year or ^ s i^ "^ ® >y WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 751 so following this, he clerked for P. Larson & Company, grocers, on James Street, and in 1883 he engaged in business for himself, at No. 422 North Fifth Street. Kansas City. Kas. His estal)lishment is first class in every respect, and Mr. Olson does all in his power to sni)p]y the wants of his patrons, and as a result has built up a paying trade. In 1889 he erected a new two-story business building, and is now fully equipped to cater to the wants of the public. He was married March 9, 1871, to Miss Britta Christena Erickson, who was born in the same village as himself, January 31, 1844, her father being Erick Erickson, and her mother Britta Kajsa. The former was a farmer, and died in Sweden in 1878, but his wife still lives, and resides in Fiskinge. Mrs. Olson came to America in 1870, and on August 25, 1879, passed to her long home, leaving four children to mourn her death, their names be- ing as follows: Henry, Anna, Emma and an infant daughter that sur- vived its mother just one week. On October 9, 1880. Mr. Olson was married to Miss Jacobina Frederica Maria Huglund, who was born on the Island of Gottland, Sweden, September 18, 1850, her parents be- ing Gustave and Anna Cecelia (Storms) Huglund, both of whom are living. Mrs. Olson was the younger of two daughters, the elder of whom died before she was born. Mr. Olson and his present wife have had five children as follows; Charley, Mary, Theodore, Lillie and Laura, all of whom are living, and they are worthy members of the Missionary Baptist Church. John Olson, blacksmith and carriage builder of Piper Prairie Town- ship, Wyandotte County, Kas., owes his nativity to Denmark, where his birth occurred on October 4, 1859, and is the only child resulting from the marriage of Louis and Mary (Sornson) Olson, natives of Co- penhagen, the father born on May 16, 1819, and the mother on April 8, 1823. The former was a tailor by trade, and followed that occupa tion in the city of his birth. John Olson remained in the old country until his eighteenth year, learned the trade of blacksmith, and this he has since followed. He emigrated to the United States in 1872, landed at New York, and from there went to Quebec, with an idea of return- ing home, but at the last determined to remain. He had considerable difficulty in reaching Chicago, taking turns in walking and riding, and arrived in that city in 1875, where he remained three years, following his trade. In 1878 he moved to Ogden, Utah, and Nevada, to view the country, and there, in prospecting, he lost his hard-earned savings. He returned by way of Cheyenne to Denver, where he car- ried on the blacksmith's trade on the Denver & South Park Railroad :n^ for eighteen months. He then tried prospecting in Nevada again, and met with the same success as before. He afterward worked with a Dutchman named Brown in a blacksmith shop, where he remained thirteen months. From there he came to Kansas City, Mo , using a check pass, and worked for W. A. Weston, in a shop, for two \ears. Urged then by several of his familiar friends to come to Maywood and start a shop, he did so in 1883, and there remained until 1887. He then came to Piper, and by his industrious habits and honest work has built up a trade which averages about $7,000 per year. He makes to order everything in the way of a vehicle, and always guarantees his work. He is now the owner of a fine dwelling, and has a good shop. He was married on April 5, 1882, to Miss Marj' Lobner, a native of Old Germany, born May 5, 1858, and the daughter of Prank and Mark Lobner, of Denmark. They have two children: Frank (born February 22, 1887), and Louis (whose birth occurred on April 10, 1884). Mr. Olson is a life-long Republican in his political views, and socially, is a member of Banner Spring Lodge, K. of P. Joseph H. O'Rielly ranks among the most popular druggists of Kansas City, Kas., which desirable state of afFairs is owing to his ac- curacy, strict attention to business, honesty, and desire to please his patrons. He was born in the town of Chatham, Province of Ontario, Canada, April 8, 1864, and was one of a family of children born to Charles P. and Catherine (Hogan) O'Rielly, the former of whom was born in Leland and the latter in New Brunswick. The father accom- panied his parents to America when he was but an infant, and on reaching this country the family located at Kingston, Ont., and here he was reared, educated and married, the last event taking place about 1853. Of a family of nine children born to them, five were sons and four were daughters, and the subject of this sketch was the fifth of the family. Their names are as follows: Thomas E., James A., Frank, John, Joseph H., Kate, Nellie, Mary and Annie. When the subject of this sketch was thirteen years of age, or in 1877, he accompanied his parents to the United States, and with them located at Sterling, Rice County, Kas., which place continued to be his home until 1880, a very good early education being also received there. In 1883 he became a clerk in a drug store in Independence, Mo., but after remaining there about a year and a half he entered the employ of his brothers, Frank and John, who were the proprietors and managers of a drug store in Kan- sas City, Mo., and remained with them thirteen months. While thus employed, he pursued his pharmaceutical studies in the Kansas City 'K. University for one term, and on July 24, 1886, established his present drag store on North Third Street, which he has conducted with satis- factory success up to the present. He is courteous io his dealings with all, and as he carried a well selected stock of goods, which he disposes of at, reasonable rates, he receives a liberal share of public favor. He is a wide awake and enterprising young man of good habits, and is a consistent memlier of the Roman Catholic Church. Few, if any. of the young business men of the county possess more friends than he, and all are desirious that he should make a success of his life, which he gives every promise of doing. W. P. Overton is the treasurer of tlie Wyandotte Coal & Lime Company, but was born in Jackson County, Mo., in 1826, and there made his home until seventeen years of age, at which time he bought and fitted out a wagon train to Santa Fe, but afterward took charge of a train of wagons for Napoleon Stone & Co., of Independence, Mo., and went to Salt Lake, thence to California with an ox-team, where he disposed of the latter. He continued to follow this calling until the opening of the Mexican War, when he joined the First Regiment of Missouri Mounted Volunteers and was at Chihuahua, and various other skirmishes, but was not injured during the entire time. He was pen- sioned when the other old soldiers were, but not before. He was mar- ried in St. Joseph, Mo., to Miss Mary J. Wales, a native of Mas- sachusetts, soon after which event they went to Grayson County, Tex. , and operated a saw-mill for some two years, after which he returned to Jackson County, Mo., and there his wife passed fi'om life about 1849 or 1850. Mr. Overton then began making trips across the plains once more, in all making the trip about eight times. In 1855 he set- tled down to the saw-mill business, and this received his attention until some eight or ten years since, when he began dealing in coal. How- ever two of these years were spent taking a rest from business cares and in traveling around. His second marriage took place about 1858, his wife being Miss Sarah M. Barnett, liy whom he has the following family: Maud. Stella, William, Sadie, George and Alma. His first union resulted in the birth of one child —Elizabeth. Mr. Overton is, and always has been, a Democrat in his political views, and prior to the war he was the owner of slaves. His father, Jesse Over- ton, was a trader, and built the first Government road from Fort Scott to Fort Leavenworth, and broke the first 1,000 acres of land for the Goverment at the latter place. He was a native of Alabama, and died in Jackson County, Mo., near Independence, when about ^. 75-1: HISTOKY OF KANSAS. forty- two years of age. He was of English descent, Lis ancestors hav- ing all been natives of that country, but his wife's people were the Camerons of Scotland. Joseph S. Paradis, meat-market, Armourdale, Kas. Among the necessities of trade a reliable meat-market forms an important institu- tion in all places. In this line we have a representative establishment, which combines all the essentials of a first-class house in this line, and is conducted by Mr. Joseph S. Paradis. This business was established by him in October, 1886, and during the four years he has steadily maintained the high reputation of his market, and has annually in- creased the volume of his trade. Mr. Paradis was born in Montreal, Canada, on June 12, 1868, and his parents, Samuel and Margaret (Bedore) Paradis, were also born in Canada, and were of French de- scent. They came to the United States in 1870, located in Iowa and moved from there to Kansas in 1^83. They are now residents of Armourdale, Kas. The father is a carpenter by trade, and has fol- lowed this the principal part of his life. Joseph S. Paradis, the sec- ond in birth of ten living children, was but two years of age on leaving Canada and was reared to the butcher's business. He was fairly educated in the common schools, and after coming to Wyandotte County, Kas., was in business for eighteen months. He then came to Armourdale, and has since carried on the butcher's business at this place. He has a large trade and is doing well. On April 30, 1890, his nuptials with Miss Carrie Mack, a native of Wyandotte County, Kas., and the daughter of George Mack, were celebrated. Mr. Paradis is a wide-awake, stirring young man, and is identified with a great many public enterprises. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. , and Select Knights. Corwine Patterson (colored) is a man who enjoys the distinction of knowing nearly every person in Wyandotte County, Kas., and has done many acts of kindness to nearly every second person therein. He is popular with all classes, and throughout a public career of many years no taint of suspicion nor well-founded breath of scandal has at- tached itself to his name, which is his especial pride to keep pure in the sight of God and man. Honorable and upright in all his deal- ings, frank and unhesitating in expressing his views, possessing a profound contempt for hypocrisy and deceit, whatever his faults may be, his bitterest enemies, if such he has, must attribute them to errors of the head and not of the heart. In social life he is courteous and afFable, magnanimous to his foes, and of a kind and forgiving disposi- 4J- 'k f ion, he attracts the regard of all who a[)proiich biiu. and has iunumer able friends among both political parties. In any worthy history of the county his name should be given a prominent place, for he has had many difficulties to surmount, chief among which was race prej- udice, but his life points its own moral, and has few parallels in the history of " men of mark " among the colored race. He was born at Roanoke, Howard County, Mo., October 31, 1848, and is now in his forty second year. Like so many of the pi-osperous business men of the present day, he was reared on a farm, but at the early age of fif- teen years he showed that he possessed a mind and will of his own, and with the independence which has ever characterized his efforts, he determined to seek a fi-esh field for his labors, and accordingly went to Glasgow, where he enlisted in Company G, Sixty-fifth United States Colored Infantry, and was mustered in at St. Louis. He im- mediately went South with his regiment and afterward distinguished himself at the battles of Port Hudson, Milliken's Bend, Baton Rouge, New Orleans and others, and at the close of the war was mustered out of the service at Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis. He then returned to his former home in Missouri, but as the state of affairs there was not congenial to his liberty-loving spirit, he determined to emigrate to " Free Kansas." This decision was not acted upon, however, until he had taken an academic course in Lincoln Institute, which is one of the leading institutions for colored people in the country, and thus fitted he started out to fight the battle of life for himself. He soon made his way to Wyandotte, Kas. (now Kansas City), which place he reached in June, 1868, and almost immediately secured employment with the Union Pacific Railway Company, with which he remained for five years. He next opened a grocery establishment, but being ap- pointed one of a committee to care for the colored emigrants who were flocking to the country from the South in great numbers, he disposed of his stock of goods, and as a tribute to the faithfulness which he manifested toward his race, he was elected to the position of constable, which office, coupled with that of deputy sheriff, he held for several years, and in addition has filled the positions of deputy city marshal for six years, sanitary sargeant, two years, and is the commander of Sumner Post No. 10, G. A. R., being also secretary of the S. of P. and one of the leading members of the society. He is one of the men who took the initiative steps which resulted in the erection of its two- story brick hall at the corner of Sixth and Kansas Avenue, which is valued at 1*3,000. In 1872 he was elected a member of the Board of ^. ^ -^ 756 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Education, and discharged his duties very creditably for two terms, and has ever since taken a conspicuous part in the educational affairs of the county. He has been successful in the accumulation of wordly goods, and his property is now valued at $25,000, all of which he has accumulated within the space of a few years. In politics he is a dyed- in the-wool stalwart Republican, never scratches his tickets or bolts a nominee. But very few of the colored men of Kansas have taken so conspicuous a part in the local or State politics as he. He has been a delegate to all of the county conventions, many of the State Conven- tions, and is always present at all the political contests of the county, and more than once the party has owed its success to his intelligence and sagacious management. He has been secretary of the Republican Central Committee, and in 1889 was appointed to the responsible posi- tion of street commissioner of Kansas City, which was a fitting recogni tion of his ability, integrity and business capacity, not to mention the great service he has long rendered his party in this county. He has proved the right man in the right place, and it is safe to say that his administration of affairs has redorinded to his credit. On July 3, 1873, he was united in marriage to Miss Henrietta Scott, of Kansas City, and to their union two bright and intelligent children have been born: Robert Elliott and Ida May, the former being an attendant of the high school of Kansas City, and making rapid progress in his studies, and the latter neariug the point of graduation in the Lincoln School. Mr. Patterson is devoted to his family, friends, party, city, county and State, and may well be said to be one of those rare gentle- men and "prince of men," who are seldom duplicated in any com- munity. John Patterson is superintendent of the Fifth Street division of the Metropolitan Street Railway in Kansas City, Kas. , but was born in Logan County, 111., February 15, 1858, and at the age of eight years was taken to Southwest Missouri, but two years later went to the " Lone Star State'' on his own hook and remained in that State for about one year. He then returned to his native State, where he re- sided for some four or five years, following various employments dur- ing this time, after which he returned to Missouri, but this time located in the northeastern part of the State, and began breaking on the Wa- bash Railroad from Moberty to Ottumwa, Iowa, but in time was pro- moted to the position of conductor, which he filled for about five years, then held the same position on the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad, but gave up this position and came to Kansas City. Kas., where he was *f|F '■ k. sick for some time. Upon recovering, he entered tlie employ of the Metropolitan Street Railway Company, as a conductor on a horse-car, afterward becoming gripman, and some time later was appointed to the position of superintendent of the Eighteenth Street line, and was given his present position on August 20, 18S9. He has general charge of the division and every man, and all the works are under his control, and by able and efficient management he has won the liking of all the men under him as well as the respect and confidence of the company. He has alwaj's taken a front place in every enterprise in which he has been engaged, and that quickly, and fully deserves the esteem which is accorded him. He is quite well to do, and has a pleasant residence at No. 1833 Minnesota Avenue. He was married in Knox County, Mo., to Miss Helen Riley, a native of Illinois, and by her had one child, Aggie. Mr. Patterson is a Republican in politics, and is a mem- ber of the National Union Benefit Association. J. K. Paul, merchant and police, Armourdale, Kas. Mr. Paul is a native of Bristol County, Mass., born on January 22, 1848, and is of English- Scotch origin. He was reared in his native State, probably on the farm, and received an ordinary education in the common schools. He followed the sea for some time, and at the age of six- teen, or on January 4, 1864, he enlisted in Company B, Fifty-eighth Massachusetts Regiment, and served until the close of the war. He was in all the engagements of the Army of the Potomac, and was wounded through the body in front of Petersburg, on July 30, 1864, when blowing up the Rebel fort. He was in the hospital after this for about four months. Returning home after the war, he remained there until 1868, when he came West and located at California, Mo., going, in 1871, to Jefferson Citj'. There he remained for about nine years, occupied in the foundry and tin business, and in 1880 came to Kansas City, Mo. , where he worked at the same calling. He es- taltlished a foundry on Broadway, ran it for a short time,* and then sold out. In 1882 he removed to Armourdale, where he was in the foundry, and also in the tin business for some time. Subsequently he was city treasurer of Armourdale one term, and councilman one term. He was appointed chief of the tire department of the consoli- dated cities of Kansas City, Kas., Armourdale and Wyandotte, in 1886, holding the position for two terms, or three years. In 1865 he was married to Miss Maria E. Tripp, and became the father of one child, Sarah, who became the wife of John A. Kerr. Mr. Paul's second marriage occurred in 1877, to Miss Nora E. Hillis, and his third in — a V^ ^1 '^ 758 HISTORY OF KANSAS. 1880, to Miss Samantha Hillis, who bore him two children: Victor Arthur and Watson. Mr. Paul is a member of the I. 0. O. F., the K. of P., the A. O. U. AV. and the G. A. R. He has represented both the K. of P. and the A. O. U. W. in the Grand Lodge, and takes a great interest in these societies. His parents, Jobe and Cordelia (Wascott) Paul, were natives of Massachusetts, and their ancestors came over from England and Scotland at an early day. The paternal grandfather served in the Revolution, lost a leg, and wore a wooden leg after that. He was a farmer. The father of our subject was a stone-mason, also a farmer, and died in Massachusetts, as did also the mother. They had a large family. Thomas J. Payne, retired, Argentine, Kas. Mr. Payne, a sub- stantial and much esteemed citizen of Wyandotte County, owes his nativity to Van Buren County, Iowa, where his birth occurred on February IG, 1842. He is the son of Stephen J. and Mary E. (Seward) Payne, the father a native of Kentucky and the mother of Schuyler County, HI. The paternal grandfather, Stephen J., was a captain in the War of 1812. He was among the early set- tlers of Indiana, and there received his final summons. The father of our subject was born in 1817, grew to manhood in Indiana, and moved from there to Illinois, thence to Iowa, thence to Missouri, and in 1856 to Wyandotte County, Kas. He located near Rosedale, where he received permission of an Indian chief, Capt. Joe Parks, to move on his land and to help him farm. He remained with the chief for about two years, and then moved to within about a mile west of Armourdale, where he entered forty- eight acres of Government land. He subse- quently sold out and purchased a larger farm where he resided until assassinated by bushwhackers on July 31, 1863, in the night time. He was a very prominent man, and well liked by all who knew him. He was an intimate friend of James Lane. His -Widow died on Jan- uary 4, 1889. They were the parents of twelve children, seven sons now living: John S. (who was in Company B, Second Kansas Cavalry, held the rank of deputy sergeant, and was accidentally wounded), Dorastus P. (in Company B, Second Kansas Cavalry), Henry B. (in the Fifteenth Kansas Regiment), Lewis V., William J. and Alfred E. Thomas J. Payne became thoroughly acquainted with the duties of the farm at an early age, and received his education in a little log school-house with slab seats. On August 15, 1862, he enlisted in Company A, Twelfth Kansas Volunteer Infantry, and served over nineteen months. After this he was commissioned by the governor -f; r ^- 1 WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 759 of Kansas as first lieutenant of the State Militia, and served in that capacity during Price's raid. Returning home after the war, he re- sumed farming, thoroughly satisfied and having quite enough of army experiences, although he never received a scratch. When Mr. Payne first came here this was known as Westport Landing, and there were hut few inhabitants, except Indians, who were friendly. The Payne family was the first white family in Shawnee Township, and have wit uessed all the developments of the county and growth of Kansas City. Mr. Payne held one term of township constable and filled that position in a creditable and satisfactory manner. He is the owner of about ninety four acres of good farming land, and has also about 270 lots in what is known as Gibbs & Payne's Addition to Argentine. Mr. Payne has the finest residence in Shawnee Township, constructed at a cost of about $22,000, besides barn and outbuildings worth $3,000 more, all erected on a natural site with a magnificent view of the sur- rounding country and city. He was married, on May 20, 1868, to Miss Sarah Stover, a native of Illinois, but who was reared in Jack- son County, Mo., and the fruits of this union were eight children, four now living: Lydia B., Lizzie J., Maggie L. . and Charles Lewis. Mr. and Mrs. Payne are members of the Baptist Church, and socially he is a member of the A. F. & A. M., the I. O. O. F. and the G. A. E. John A. Pearson. A representative grocery house of Kansas City, Kas. , is that of Mr. Pearson, who conducts a live and extensive busi- ness as a dealer of groceries and general provisions. The house was established January 20, 1890, and such was the rapid increase of his trade that March 20, 1890, he moved into more commodious quarters, his present place of business being No. 1946 North Third Street. He was born in Sweden, September 21, 1858, his father being Per Borge- son and his mother Johanna Borgeson, their marriage taking place in 1851. The subject of this sketch was the fourth of their ton children, and five sons and one daughter are now living. Both parents are liv- ing, their home being in Halland, Sweden. John A. Pearson was reared upon a farm, and attended school between the ages of seven and fifteen, acquiring during this time a fair education. When twenty- one years of age he entered the military service, but after one year's service he emigrated to America, embarking at Gothenburg March 29, and landed at New York April 20, the vessel in which he sailed being the City of New York. On reaching this country he made his way to Houtzdale, Penn. , where, for a short time, he worked in a coal mine. He next went to Youngstown, Penn., and during the rest of the sum- J ^*—^ k. 760 HISTORY OF KANSAS. mer he helped to build a railroad in that vicinitj'. During the winter of 1880-81 he worked in a coal mine at Dunbar, Penn. , and remained thus employed in different parts of the Stateuntil 1884, in which year he returned to his native land. After farming on the old Swedish home- stead for two years, he, in 1886, again came to the United States, start- ing August 26 and landing September 16. He at once came to Kansas City, Mo. , where he secured a position as clerk in a grocery store owned by the Larson Brothers, remaining with them for about three years, then purchased his present establishment, as above stated.. He is an industrious and enterprising young man, and that which has materi- ally contributed to his success has been his con.stant efiforts to accommo- date the demands of his numerous customers with the very best of goods procurable, and to dispose of them at reasonable rates. He has one brother in this country, who came here in 1889, and is now clerking in his grocery. His name is Julius Pearson. John A. was married, September 1, 1887, to Miss Olivia Pearson, she having come to this country in the spring of 1887. One child has been born to them, John Hermann, born February 18, 1890, and died June 24, 1890. Mr. and Mrs. Pearson are members of the Lutheran Church, and are now worthy and honored residents of the city in which they reside. Mr. Pearson's brothers and sisters are as follows: Severina, Bengt J., Severin, John A., Alfred, Otto, Julius, Alfred, Olivia and Tilda. Those deceased are: the two Alfreds, Olivia and Tilda. Four of the family still reside in Sweden, the three brothers being farmers, and the husband of Severina, whose name is Bengt Swanson, is also a tiller of the soil. All are married, with the exception of Otto and Julius. The wife of John A. Pearson was born in Halland, Sweden, September 6, 1862, she being the third of seven children born to Per Ben.'^on. her mother being Charlotte Benson. They are still residing in Halland, Sweden. Their children are: Elof, Olivia, Alfred and Amanda, and three deceased. The living members of the family came to America, but Elof has since returned to Sweden. Alfred resides in Bradford, Penn. , and Amanda in Kansas City, Kas. All are single, except Olivia. One of the three children that are dead was Elof, and the other two were named Amanda. When Mr. Pearson returned to Sweden, in 1884, he left New York May 20, on the steamer "Britanic, " and reached Gothenburg June 10, after a very pleasant voyage. He took his parents by surprise, not having notified them of his coming, and for two years farmed on the old homestead, near the Cattegat Channel. Upon his return to America, in 1886, he started ^-. r from his home Augast '2.(\, going on the vessel " Komeo ' ' to Hull, England, thence by rail to Liverpool, and August 31, sailed on the steamer "Celtic," for New York, which place he reached September 12. On that trip he accompanied John B. Lason and wife to Kansas City, Mo., they having been on a visit to Sweden. Joseph Peavey is a native of Canada, having been born there in 1831. His grandfather and two brothers came from England to America, one settled in Massachusetts, one in Main, and Mr. Peavey' s grandfather in New Hampshire, and subsequently in Pattontown, Canada. His name was Joshua Peavey, and the rest of his life was spent as a subject of Great Britain, and Edward Peavey, his father, served in the British army of 1812. Soon after the birth of the sub- ject of this sketch his father came to the United States and settled in Bangor, Franklin County, N. Y. , and there followed the calling of an agriculturist until his death. The maternal grandmother was a Cana- dian by birth, and died in her native land at the age of one hundred and four years. Two years before her death she could quite easily walk two miles, and was an expert at knitting. Joseph Peavey, the subject of this biography, resided in York State until he was about twelve years of age, then took matters into his own hands, ran away from home and went back to Canada, and there remained until he was twenty one years of age. He then came once more to the United States, and first located at St. Johnsbury, in Vermont, where he was on a railroad as fireman and engineer until 1860, and after a short visit to Canada came back and located in Connecticut, enlisting in the spring of 1861 in Company A, Twelfth Massachusetts Infantry, under Col. AVebster, a son of the famous Daniel Webster. In July, 1864, he was mustered out of service on Boston Common. Although he served in the quartermaster's department, he took part in the Second Bull Run, was at Antietam, Gettysburg, Wilderness, and in front of Petersburg. After being mustered out he returned to Washington with the intention of going South, but he could not get passes, and accordingly remained in the North until the fall of 1864, when he went on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad as a brakeman, continuing in this capacity one year, and the following three years acted as freight con- ductor from Baltimore to Martinsburg. He was married in August, and would have been thirty-six years of age the following September, his wife being Mrs. Caroline M. Fulton, who was born in Frederick City, Md., in 1829, and was there reared. About 1875 Mr. Peavey came to Kansas, and after farming one year he located in Kansas City, 48 " ^ S — — f^ ""^ ii'y T 762 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Kas. , and once more took up the occupation of railroading, this time being on tbe Kansas Pacific Railroad as brakeman, then local dispatcher, then yard master, and again became local dispatcher, but his last work in connection with the railroad was done in 1879. In 1887 he was elected to the city council of Kansas City by his Eepub- lican friends, and discharged the duties of this position with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of all concerned for three years. He is repiited for his honor and purity of his life, and personally is lib- eral, generous and high-minded, and a self-made man in every re- spect. From a poor struggling boy, without money or friends to as- sist him, he has become possessed of a comfortable home, money and position, and as honesty has ever been his "guiding star" through life it is not to be wondered at that he has succeeded. Edward T. Pedigo is a member of the third white family that set- tled in Shawnee Township, Wyandotte County, Kas., the date of their settlement being 1857. He was born in Howard County, Mo., on April 30, 1821, but was reared on Blue-Giass soil, but in 1848, with his parents, Henry and Martha Pedigo, Virginians, he came to Cass County, Mo., and a few years later to Bates County, where they made their home for one year. One year was then spent at Pleasant Hill, three years in Westport, and then he came to Wyandotte County, Kas., and purchased his present farm, consisting of thirty acres. He gives ten acres to potatoes, raising from 100 to 150 bushels to the acre, and in addition to this raises melons, cabbage, cauliflower, tomatoes, cucumbers, etc., and he finds a ready market for these products. He first began growing vegetables for market in 1881, and has been very successful, securing a comfortable competency for the rest of his days, and he considers Kansas, and esjjecially Wyandotte County, the gar- den spot of the United States. He has easy access to water, the wells being bored to a dep)th of fi'om twenty eight to thirty-four feet, and the water is pure, cold and slightly impregnated with iron. Before coming to this county he had experienced many hardships and priva- tions, and he now fully appreciates his comfortable home and the de- lights of domestic life. He paid $75 for his claim, and it is now worth, at least, 11,000 per acre. His land was heavily covered with timber, but by indefatigable energy he has it cleared and nicely improved. His estimable wife was formerly Miss Thirza Ann Farrell, a native of Kentucky, whom he married on September 23, 1841, she being a daughter of John and Sarah Farrell, of Virginia. They have no children of their own, but have reared a nephew, William Andrew *71« ;iv Pedigo, a uative of Kansas. Mr. Peiligo is a Republican, and ht^ and his wife are members of the Christian Church, of Kansas City, Kas. William F. Peters is a well-known groceryman and a popular young citizen of Kansas City, Kas., for he was born here December 9, 1862, to Conrad F. and Egbertine (Myers) Peters, the former of whom was born in Germany and the latter in Holland. Both came to America with their parents and about 1852 they were married in Delphos, Ohio, and for several years afterward they conducted a restaurant in that city. About the year 1857 they removed to Kansas, locating in Wyan- dotte County, and in this city they have lived ever since. For a great many years after locating here they conducted a large boarding-house, the principal one of the place, and during that time the father for three years acted as sexton of Oak Grove Cemetery. In 1871 they removed to that part of the town known as Old Kansas City, and April 1, 1872, moved into their present residence, which is on the corner of Fifth and James Streets. For the past twelve years Mr. Peters has devoted his attention to mining in San Juan County, Colo., and has been quite successful. After following this calling for several years on his own responsibility they finally organized a stock company which is known as the Eureka Mining Company, and of this Mr. Peters acts as manager. The mines are operated during the summer season only and his presence there is only required half of the year, the other six months being spent with his family in Kansas City. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. lodge, and as a man possesses the confidence and respect of all who know him. He and wife in time became the par- ents of eight children, their names being as follows: Andrew Edward Charles, John Hermaun,William Frederick, and Wilhelmina Margaret, living, and Henry Christian, Martha, Minnie and Ida May, deceased. The subject of this sketch has thus far spent his entire life in Kansas City, and until he reached the age of sixteen years he was an atten- dant of the schools of the city, obtaining a good knowledge of the ordi- nary branches of learning. When he attained his eighteenth year he secured a position in a flouring-mill, but after spending two years at this calling he began learning the cigar- maker's trade, two years being thus spent" June 27, 1882, he entered the employ of F. M. Buck & Co. , who were conducting a grocery in the same room now occupied by Mr. Peters and his partner, and he remained as a clerk with that firm for three and one-half years, or until Mr. Buck's partner, Walter Greenwood, died. He then continued with Mr. Buck two years longer, at the expiration of which time he and James F. Nettleton became the successors of Mr. Buck, aad the firm of Peters & Nettleton was estab- lished. Their store is at No. 12 North James Street, aad of this they became the owners in November, 1887. They are both worthy busi- ness men, and possess the necessary qualifications for a successful career. Mr. Peters is a member of the K. of P., and is a young man who possesses many friends. Samuel S. Peterson, chief of police of Kansas City, Kas.. is a na- tive of Ottawa, La Salle County, 111., where he was born June 6, 1842, a son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Domiuj') Peterson, the former of whom was born near Lexington, Ky., and the latter on Lake Cham- plain, in the State of New York. The father was a soldier in the Black Hawk War, after which he located in La Salle County, 111., where he was married in 1838, and where he followed the pursuit of farming the remainder of his days, passing from life in April, 1856. The paternal grandfather was John Peterson, and the mother's par- ents were Ezra and Rhoda (Smith) Dominy, both of whom were born on Long Island, and were the descendants of Puritan families. The former served in the War of 1812, and about 1833 moved with his family to La Salle County, 111. The mother of Samuel S. Peterson is still living and makes her home with him. The latter became familiar with farm life in his youth, and when the Rebellion broke out, with true patriotism he volunteered, and four days after the firing on Fort Sumter he enlisted in Company F, Tenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, with which he served three months or until his company reorganized for the three years' service as Battery C, of the First Regiment, Illi- nois Light Artillery. His company was commonly kno^Ti as Hough- taling's Battery, taking the name from its first captain. Mr. Peter- son served until the close of the war, being a brave and intrepid soldier, and at the close of the war was mustered out of service at Springfield, 111., June 12, 1865, having taken an active part in the engagements in the vicinity of Island No. 10, and subsequently in the siege of Corinth and the battle of Murfreesboro. At the latter place he was wounded by a ball in the left shoulder, and soon afterward was captured and taken to Libby Prison, where he was retained for .sixty- seven days, being exchanged at the expiration of that time. He at once rejoined his battery at Murfreesboro, and shortly afterward took part in the Tullahoma campaign, and still later in the battle of Chicka- mauga, where he was again captured, but succeeded in effecting his escape a few hours later. He was in all the engagements of the At- lanta campaign, and after the capture of that city he went with Sher- man ou his maroh to the sea. He was in the engagement at Benton- ville, N. C, and helped capture Johnston shortly after. The war then being at an end he went via Richmond to Washington, D. C, thence to Parkersburg, Cincinnati, Evansville and Indianaj)olis to Springfield, 111., where he was mustered out of the service June 12, 1 865. For about three years following the war he resided in La Salle County, two of which were spent as deputy sherifiP, but in the spring of 1869, he severed his ties there and came to Kansas, locating in Montgomery County, and was for some time engaged in the livery business in Parker. He gave considerable attention to stock dealing and in addition discharged the duties of city marshal, being afterward appointed deputy United States marshal, continuing in this capacity until 1879. In 1874 he had moved to Independence, Kas. , where he served four years as city marshal, and in 1879 entered the employ of the Adnms Express Company as a messenger. In 1880 he removed from Independence to Newton, and shortly after became a messenger for the Wells Fargo Express Company. Since 1882 he has resided in Kansas City, but continued to fill the above named position until Oc- tober, 1887, since which time he has been the local agent of the com- pany and also the local agent for the American Express Company. In April, 1889, he was appointed by the board of police, commissioner chief of police, and in April, 1890, was reappointed. He is one of the leading citizens of this section, and no matter where he might set- tle he would command universal respect, for he is honest and upright in all his dealings, and is admirably fitted for the position he is now tilling. While in the employ of the Wells-Fargo Express Company, for successfully resisting the attack of a band of train robbers at Coolidge, Kas., September 29, 1883, he was presented with a hand- some gold watch and chain and $500 in money. His marriage, which occurred on March 26, 1861, was to Miss Hester A. Rogers, by whom he has two living children: Orrin J. and Sadie A. Mr. Peterson is a member of the A. F. & A. M. and the G. A. R., and is a stanch sup- porter of Republican principles. Hugh Pettengill, justice of the peace, and a prominent citizen of Rosedale, Kas., was born in Maine, near Minot, in Androscoggin County, on August 19, 1825, and is a son of Orren and Jane (Kendall) Pettengill, the father a native of Massachusetts, and the mother of New Hampshire. The father was born in 1797, of Scotch descent, and fol- lowed farming all his life. He went to Maine with his parents, opened a farm, and resided here until 1851, when he moved to Douglas County, t "V A' Kiis. He was one of the first settlers, and was here all through the trouble of 185G. He and his son (our subject) were strong Union men, and backed their ojsinions very actively. They made several vis- its East to their old home, and later settled in Jefferson County, Kas. He was visiting a daughter in Parsons at the time of bis death, which occurred in 1879. He was a member of the Free-AVill Baptist Church, and in politics was for many years an Abolitionist, and then a Repub- lican. He was in the saw-mill business when a young man, and was the son of Hugh Pettengill, who died in Maine, and who was a farmer. The mother was lioru in 1803, and died in 1889. She was the daughter of an Englishman, and was a woman of noted piety, belonging to the same church as her husband. Our subject, Hugh Pettengill, was the second of nine children — four sons and five daughters— five of whom are living at the present time. He spent his school days in Maine, and when nineteen years of age, began learning the shoemaker's trade, which he followed for ten years in Maine and Massachusetts. He then commenced to farm in the former Slate, near his father, and remained thus engaged until 1854, when he came to Douglas County, Kas. There be tilled the soil until 1863, when he returned to Maine, and there remained until 1877, farming and working at his trade. Re- turning then to Kansas, he settled in Jefferson County, remained there until 1881, and then engaged in the grocery business in Wyan- dotte County, until 1888, when be was elected justice of the peace and police judge. In 1850 be married Miss ZynthiaH. Lapham, daughter of Latrop Lapham, of Maine, who is still living. To Mr. and Mrs. Pettengill were born six cbildi-en: Clara, Ellen, Frederick B., Nathan F., Kittie and Mary. Mr. Pettengill is a member of the K. of P., and was a member of the K. of H. In 1861 be enlisted in Company B, Ninth Kansas Volunteer Cavalryj and served until September, 1862, when he was honorably discharged. He was a stanch Republican, and took a great interest in that party until the second election of Gen. Grant. Since then he has been voting independently. He voted for Peter Cooper and Horace Greeley. James Phillips, an old citizen, and a man eminently respected for his many good qualities, was elected to the office of councilman of the First Ward of the old city of Kansas, and served one term. In 1885 he was elected mayor of the same on the Republican ticket, with a majority of 752, in a vote of 1, 100, over bis opponent. While filling this position the James Street viaduct was built, the elevated railway franchised, and that of the Missouri Pacific Railroad switch track on f "^ -f WYANDOTTE COUNTY. Ewiu. Street granted. After the consolidation in 1886 Mr. Phillips was elected at large t^vice, as a member of the city council, and served three years. He was chairman of the Ordinance and Franchise Com- mittees, serving the entire length of office, three years. He was also a member of the printing committee and other minor committees^ Durinc his tirst term he assisted in the construction of the new list of ordinances by which the city was governed. Among some of the im- portant franchises granted was the Metropolitan Street Car, Seventh Street Viaduct, electric road in South Side, a branch of the Metro- politan system and the Eiverview branch of the elevated road North- western Railroad, also to the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad in South Side, the electric light system, the rebuilding of the lire depart^ ment, purchasing hose reels, one for South Side and one for old Wyandotte City. Mr. Phillips was also prominent in securing a great many street improvements, chiefly in the North, West and South Side;, also some large sewer contracts let, in all footing up to $1 500 000 Mr. Phillips was born near Lexington, Ky., April Id, lb4b, and is' the eldest of eleven children born to Asa M. and Margaret (Pennington) Phillips, natives also of the Blue-Grass State. After crrowing up, the father engaged in merchandising and farming, and continued this until the breaking out of the Rebellion, when he en- listed in the Thirty-second Kentucky Infantry, as captain. Among the battles engaged in were Richmond, Harrod.burg, Ky., and here he had a very narrow escape from death at the hands of the enemy. After the wai- he removed to Illinois, and engaged m tillmg the soil which he followed up to the present time. While growing up in his native county, James Phillips learned the trade of carpenter, which he has followed ever since he left Douglas County, 111. He came to this city in 1879, and the following year became connected with the Fowler Packing Company, and is now superintendent of the wood and construction department. Mr. Phillips was married Sep tember 13 1868, to Miss Hannah J. Carr, a native of Ohio, born May 10 18-17 and the daughter of T. J. and May (Beaty) Carr. To this union three children were born: Jesse B., Lena and Floy. Mr. Phillips is a Republican in politics, and was elected to the above office on that ticket. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M. , the A. O. U. ^^ ., and himself and family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He assists in all enterprises of a public nature that will bene- fit his city and county, and is charitable to the needy, a man who is honest and upright in all his dealings, and true to his friends. A James W. Phillips (deceased), late a prominent grocer and a worthy citizen of Kansas City, Kas., was born in England, September 7, 1843, being a son of George and Esther Phillips, with whom he came to the United States when he was seven years of age. Upon reaching this country the family settled at Geneva, N. Y. , where the subject of this sketch was reared to maahood. About 1865 he removed to Illinois, and two years later graduated from the commercial college at Jackson- ville. On April 20, 1869, he was married to Miss Evelyn Van Schoick, a native of Dayton, Ohio, her birth occurring there on September 14, 1854, she being a daughter of Henry and Emma (Randall) Van Schoick, both natives of New Jersey. For about four years after his marriage Ml'. Phillips resided in Bloomington, but in 1873 he removed to Wichi- ta and here made his home until 1885. During all this time he fol- lowed the calling of a traveling salesman, but in 1885 he came to Kan- sas City, Kas., and embarked in the grocery business, a calling he followed until his death, which occurred April 7, 1889. His widow has since managed the business alone, and this establishment has become one of the largest and best patronized of the kind in the city. It is well located at No. 44t Minnesota Avenue, and the annual busi- ness which is done amounts to about 130,000, a fact that speaks louder than words can do, as to her executive ability and fair dealing. She is a lady possessing many Christian virtties, and her kindness of heart, liberality and honesty, are proverbial throughout the county. Gabriel Philiburt first came to this county in 1860, but after re- maining one year he pushed farther westward, and until 1866 was en gaged in prospecting for gold in the Rocky Mountains, also doing gen- eral labor. He then returned to Wyandotte County, Kas., and settled on his present farm of forty-four acres, usually devoting from ten to twenty-tive acres to potatoes, which will average about 150 bushels to the acre, two to five acres to sweet potatoes, raising the Yellow Jer- sey and Red Bermudas as most profitable, and from one to six acres in watermelons and cantaloupes. His potatoes and melons were planted together and did well. He also put in corn in the same way and thus raised two crops on the same piece of ground, in one season. His cabbage crop usually amounts to ooe acre, his varieties being Early York, Flat Dutch and Drum Head, having the best luck with the last mentioned. He also raises other vegetables in large quantities, and small fruits in abundance, but considers that twelve acres of land devoted to this industry are all that a man can successfullj' manage. He considers gardening at its infancy in this township and has great ^ ^v hones for the future. He was born on January 11. 1842. in Jackson County Mo , being a son of Gabriel Philiburt. and .luring his minority became thorouglily familiar with the duties of farm life, his father be- ing a successful tiller of the soil. He was given the advantages o the common schools, acquiring a good practical education, and until IS .U he remained at home, then came to Kansas, and in 1861 went to the Rocky Mountains, as above stated. He purchased his present farm at the rate of $36 per acre, but it is now valued at $1 ,000 per acre. On this is erected a large, substantial and comfortable dwellmg-house. besides a good barn and other outbuildings. In 1870 he was married to Miss Elnora Paul, a daughter of George Paul, a native of England, but who was reared in this country, living at the time of his marriage in this country. She was a kind and loving wife and mother, and her death which occurred June 20, 1889, was deeply mourned by not on- ly her immediate and sorrowing household, but by all who knew her. The childi-eu she bore Mr. Philiburt are as follows: Clara, John, Cora, Eleanor, William and Louis A. Mr. Philiburt is a Democrat, and for the past twelve years has been a school director in his district. He and his wife were members of the Catholic Church of Argentine and he is one of the public-spirited and law-abiding citizens of this section. Oliver W. Pierce, horticulturist. Bethel, Kas. Mr. Pierce's par- ents Elijah and Elizabeth (Whitwell) Pierce, were both natives of the Bav State, and his grandfather, Elijah Pierce, Sr., was a native of Middleborough, Plymouth County, Mass., and a soldier m the \\ ar of 1812. The father was a sea captain, and followed that calling most of his life dying there when our subject was young. He left a family of three children-two sons and a daughter: George D. W. was thirty- eicrht years of age, when his death occurred in 1871, and he left two children (his wife had died previously): the sister. Lucretia ^\., became the wife of Charles E. Pierce, who is a carpenter in New Bed- ford, Mass. Oliver W. Pierce was born in Fall River, Mass. , January 11 1842 receiving a good common-school education. When sixteen years of a-e, he went into a meat-market with his brother, and remained there untir nineteen years of age. He then enlisted in Company B, Seventh Massachusetts Infantry (June 16, 1861), and served three years, being mustered out at Taunton, Mass. He was m the Second and Third Divisions in the Sixth Army Corps, was in the first battle of Bull Run, and from that on was in every tight of the Army of the Poto- mac up to Petersburg. Cold Harbor being the last battle. He then re- turned to his old business, which he continued for a few years, working -^ r ■ ^ — 1 770 HISTOEY OF KANSAS. it£: for the South Boston Iron Works several years. He then left bis trade, and engaged in the butcher's business at Fall River, Mass., working at that until he came to Kansas City, Mo., in April, 1880. In March. 1890, he bought twenty-five acres, where he now lives, and in tends to devote this entirely to fruit growing, having at the present time 300 apple trees, seventy- five peach and fifty cherry trees. The re- mainder of the land he devoted to small fruit. Mr. Pierce was married April 1, 1866, in Fall River, Mass., to Miss Caroline Fiske, and they have one son, George D. F., now twenty-one years of age. He has been traveling salesman for Ridenor, Baker & Co. , for two years, but is now at home. Mr. and Mrs. Pierce are of the old Quaker stock and hold to their early training. Mr. Pierce is a member of the Masonic fraternity, having joined that organization at Fall River, and be also belongs to the K. of H. He is independent in so far as his political predilections are concerned. While he still longs for the salt breeze, he has determined to make his home here, and with that end in view has set about improving his farm and building it up. The maternal ancestors of Mr. Pierce run back through the Wbit- wells and Winslows to the "Mayflowei-," three brothers of the Whit- wells' coming over in the " Mayflower." Nicholas Polfer, one of the earliest settlers of Prairie Township Wyandotte County, Kas. , was born in Luxemburg County, Redang, Calmus, April 11, 1829, but has been a resident of this region since 18G6, although he first came to the United States in 1857. He is the eldest of seven children born to Frank Polfer, who was also born in Luxemburg County, Redang, Calmus. At the age of eighteen years he entered the French army and followed Napoleon Bonaparte, until the memorable battle of Waterloo, when he was taken prisioner of war. After his return home he settled on a farm where be remained until his thirty-fifth year, when he was chosen what is there called " Country Police," a position he filled with ability for twenty-nine years. He passed to his long home in 1863, having, prior to that time, been pre- sented with a medal by the French Government, be being a veteran of their army. Nicholas Polfer was reared to manhood in his native land, and in bis youth learned the trade of a wagon maker, a calling which be followed successfully for ten years. He came to America with his brother John in 1857, and after a short stay in the city of Chicago re- moved farther westward to Leavenworth, Kas., but soon tired of this place also. He next went to Weston, Mo., and after following his trade there for three years he spent a short time in St. Louis, next ^-^ •f" WVANDOTTE COUNTY. 771 spent a few months in St. Joseph, but throughont the Rebellion was a resident of latan, where he experienced some trying times, as this was one of the hotbeds of secession. In 18<)6 he came to Wyandotte County, Kas., purchased 160 acres of land (and this land improved with good buildings), all of which are capable of being tilled and in a good state of cultivation. He has a large lake on his property which is fed by a spring, and this lake he has stocked with German carp. In 1864 he was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Argo, a daughter of James and Sarah Argo, native Kentuckiaus. Mrs. Polfer was born in Mason County of the same State, March '22, 1840, and has borne her husband seven children: Mary (wife of Bill Renick, residing near Kansas City, Mo.), Sarah (wife of John Renick), Mitchell, Frank, Susan, Benjamin and Nicholas. The three youngest members of the family remain at home and assist their parents in tilling the farm. Mr. Polfer supports the principles of Democracy and is a member of the school board of his district. He also belongs to the Farmers' Mutual Benefit Aid Association, Rock Lodge No. 4189, of which he is treasurer, and he is also a member of the I. O. O. F., holding his membership in latan, Mo. Eli Potter, the subject of the present sketch, is general agent of the Pennsylvania Mutual Life Insurance for the West, having his office in Kansas City. He has under his control the management of Kansas and Missouri, and is generally recognized as one of the most popular and successful insurance men in the United States. The old saying that '"practice makes perfect" is fully verified in this case, since he commenced to work with insurance, as early as 1868 with the North Western Insurance, and was soon given the general agency for Illinois, and at a later date he moved to Chicago, taking charge of the Mutual Benefit, and The New England of Boston. After eight years he moved to St. Louis, and in 1878 came to Kansas City to take charge of his lucrative position with the Massachusetts Mutual, and The Mutual of New York, having control of Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska, and also opening the State of Dakota. In 1885 he accepted his present position, and there are few men in this State so well and favorably known as he. Mr. Potter's birth occurred in Hocking County, Ohio, September 6, 1847, being the yoiingest child born to Edward and Sarah ( Morris) Potter, natives of Connecticut and Pennsylvania, respectively, The father was of English descent, while the mother came of an Irish-Welsh family. The former was a physician, and a graduate of Yale College. The subject of this sketch remained at home until he ) ly 772 HISTORY OF KANSAS. had reached his seventeenth year, at which time he went to Springfield to study medicine with a brother for three years, and afterward at- tended a medical college in Chicago, bnt upon the death of his brother, left school and began working in the insurance business. His busi ness averages $750,000 per year, and his success is undoubtedly great. He married Miss Anna Bates, daughter of Judge Truman Bates, of Nashville, Tenn., on January. 29, ISfiS. She was born March 20, 1S44, and received an excellent education in Jacksonville College, 111. Mr. Potter displays much talent as an architect, making the plans for the famous Potter House that cost .1300,000, and is one of the most elegant houses in the West. It was commenced in 1881, and finished after the newest and most improved designs, and is besides elegantly furnished. One of the specialh' attractive features of this house is an office with silver and gold trimmings that cost |5,000. Mr. Potter is a member of the Democratic party, and very willing at all times to act in public matters of importance for the good of the community in which he resides. Both Mr. and Mrs. Potter are members of the Baptist Church. Edward D. Pratt is manager of B. F. Pratt's Consolidated Coal and Cooperage Company, Armourdale, Kas. , one of the largest manu- facturing establishments of barrels in the State of Kansas. This com- pany employs seventy-five men, has some of the latest improved ma- chinery, and do an annual business of $150,000. The capacity is 500 barrels per day, and the business is ably managed by Edward D. Pratt. This gentleman was born in Greenup, Ky. , on November 29, 1862, and is the son of F. L. and Hannah J. (Meyers) Pratt, natives also of the Blue-Grass State. F. L. Pratt, when a young man, en- gaged in the general mercantile business at Greenup, where he con- tinued until the bankrupt law took efPect, after the panic of 1872, which caused him to lose probably $50,000. At that time he was ap- pointed agent of the coopers along the Ohio River, it being his duty to receive the be.st prices for their product, and made his home in Cincinnati, Ohio, for a short time. Afterward he and family moved to Covington, Ky. , where they still make their home, although at present Mr. Pratt is at St. Francis, Ark., where he is connected with timber in an extensive way. There he makes staves, and his business serves as an impetus to the extensive cooperage business, of which our subject is manager. Edward D. Pratt secured his education in the schools of Kentucky, and was early taught the duties of the business, of which he is now the efficient manager. He remained with his J fy ihL^ father until 1885, and the following year came to Armonrdale, where he took charge of the Pratt Consolidated Coal and Cooperage Com- pany. In May, 1884, he married Miss Flora Alfreds, of Covington, Ky. , and the result of this union is two children: Ben and Roena. In politics Mr. Pratt is' a Republican. Theodore Praun, farmer and horticulturist, Kansas City, Kas. Of the many prominent citizens of foreign birth now residing in Wyan- dotte County none have made more progress or been more interested in the welfare of the county than the German element. Mr. Praun was born in Bavaria in November, 1835, and his early education was commenced in the private schools of his native country. Later he en- tered the gymnasium, remained there eight years, and then entered the University of Wurzburg. in Bavaria, where he remained for a year and a half. Mr. Praun is a thorough scholar, having taken a full scientific and a partial classical course, is a friend to education, and up- holds all educational principles. He emigrated from Munich in 1858, locating in Johnson County, on 320 acres of land, where he re- mained until the breaking out of the war. He then enlisted in Com- pany H, Second Kansas Volunteers, was assigned to the Western Department, and was in service for four years and a half. He was mus- tered into service on January '2, 1862, for three years' service, and his regiment was actively engaged in the following battles: Prairie Grove, Fort Wayne, Honey Springs, Van Buren, Fort Smith and Saline River. He was honorably discharged at Little Rock, Ark., in May, 1865. Mr. Praun was married to Miss Mary Niever, a native of Ger many, who bore him six childi'en: Anna (resides in Missouri, and was married to John Kreis, who is a baker by trade), Theresa (resides with her parents), Josephine (also resides at home, and is quite a musician), Mary, and Theodore and Eddie (twins, twelve years of age, and very bright boys, especially in music). Mr. and Mrs. Praun are intelligent and ardent supporters of all the Christian principles which sustain humanity, and have always contributed to all benevolent interests which have been presented for their worthy consideration. In days gone by Mr. Praun had been an upholder of Republican principles, but since the temperance movement has taken such a despotic turn, he has up- hehl the principles of Democracy. He cast his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln, while he was in the ranks. He has been a mem- ber of the school board in his homo district for almost tive years. So- cially, he is a member of the I. O. O. F., atKansas City, Kas. Just at the breaking oul of the war Mr. Praun and his brother came to Wyan- ^ dotte County, bought sixty-two acres of land, and engaged as practi- cal agriculturists. They remained in this business until 18fi4, then sold out, repurchased, and are now engaged in horticulture and fruit- growing. Mr. Praun can truthfully state that when he came to this part of the country he could have purchased the land where Kansas City now stands for $50 per acre. He has witnessed the rapid devel- opment of this section of the country, and is interested in all enter- prises for the further development and growth of the same. He now resides in an elegant frame residence of two stories, built in octagonal style, and co.sting in all about $3,500. He raises a great deal of fruit, principally small, and is not only a prominent citizen of Wyandotte County, but is a prosperous busine.ss man and a German gentleman noted for his sociability and hospitality. He is thoroughly posted on all the important topics of current news, and is a man who can with intelligence portray to his friends the principles on which he stands to uphold a country of liberty. Mr. Praun was the ninth of fourteen children, five of whom are now living, born to his parents. John B. Prentis, druggist, Armourdale, Kas. The profession of the druggist is one which operates effectively in time of need, in arresting and alleviating the most acute pains and ailments to which the human body is heir, and therefore deserves the most thank- ful and appreciative consideration on the part of the public. Among the representative drug stores of the city is that conducted by John B. Prentis. Strict attention is jjaid to the compounding of physicians' or family prescriptions, all orders being executed with great care and immediate dispatch. Mr. Prentis was born in Charlottesville, Va., on February 26, 1859, and is the son of Robert R. and Margaret A. (Whitehead) Prentis, natives of Suffolk, Va. The father was a lawyer by profession, was county and circuit clerk of Albemarle Coun- ty, Va., at the time of his death in 1871, and was Grand Master of the State of Virginia, in Odd Fellowship. He was also a Mason. He was made colonel of the State Militia. The mother is now living at Suffolk, Va. They had a family of twelve children, of whom J. B. is the seventh son. He was educated at Charlottesville, Va. , first in the common schools and then in the academy, and remained at home until twenty one years of age. He then left home for the West, lo- cated at Warrenburg, Mo. , and embarked in the drug business for a time. Later he went to Colorado, but returned subsequently and located in Kansas City, where he again embarked in the drug business. In 1885 he came to Armourdale and has since continued his former WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 775 business, carrying a general assortment of pure, fresh drugs and chemicals, all the standard proprietary medicines, fancy and toilet articles, perfumes and all those articles required by physicians in their practice. He is a man of sound judgment, good practical common sense, and has the grit and determination to succeed in whatever he undertakes. He is a standi Democrat in politics, and was born and reared in the birthplace of President Jefferson. M'hile he is inclined to be a natural leader among men, he never swerves from party prin- ciples. He is pleasant and agreeable in his social relations, is gener- ous to a fault, and in fact is a man in whom the county and State may well be proud. He is a first-class pharmacist and his efficiency in his profession is the result of long experience and practice. Mr. Prentis was married in March, 1888, to Miss Ida M. Koepsel, a charming and highly accomplished lady, a native of Nebraska, daughter of Kev. Herman Koejisel, of Smithton, Mo. He is a member of the K. of P., Uniform Rank, Select Knights, in the A. O. U. W., and Foresters. William Priestley. Many years ago James Priestley and Miss Pris- cilla Mitchell were born in England, and in that country were married. They continued to make that their home until 18-14, at which date they emigrated to the United States, to find new scenes and different customs. Mr. Prie-stley was a weaver, and upon reaching the new country, settled first in Wisconsin, but at a later date moved to Kansas City. Of this union was born the subject of this sketch, William Priestley, whose birth occurred at Kenosha, Wis., October 31, 1844, and in that State continued to live up to the time of his manhood, re- ceiving a good common-school education. He enlisted in Company G, Second Wisconsin Cavalry, on November 14, 1861, serving under Capt. Dale and Capt. C. C. Washburn. He was engaged in" the battle of Prairie Grove, Ark., and did scouting duty through the South, and followed Gen. Custer to Texas; where he took part in numerous bat- tles. He was sufficiently fortunate to escape injury, and was mustered out at Austin, Texas, and discharged at Madison, Wis., in December, 1865. When peace was once more restored throughout the country, Mr. Priestley came to Kansas City, but owing to illness, was compelled to return to Wisconsin, where he remained three years, returning to Wyandotte County in 1869, where he has made his home up to the present date. On March 8, 1874, he married Miss Martha Barnett, who died in two years after their marriage, and November 14, 1877, he married Mrs. Henrietta (Blum| Zick, a native of Illinois. To this union were born five children, four of whom are living, viz. : Priscilla. Wil i "V ^ 776 HISTORY OF KANSAS. himaine B. , Charlotte M., and Mary E. Mr. Priestley is a member of tlie Republican party. He was brought up in the Episcopal Church, and takes a great interest in religious matters. He is a member of the Wyandotte Lodge No 3, A. F. & A. M,,of which he is past master, Wyandotte Chapter No. 6, Knight Templar, and Ivanhoe Commandery No. 21, Summonduwott Lodge No. 3, I. O. O. F., going through the chair, and was representative to the Grand Lodge of the State in 1873 and 1878, Wyandotte Encampment No. 9, of which he was represent- ative. He also belongs to the Fellowship Lodge No. 2, K. of P. , and was one of the charter members of the Franklin Lodge No. 293, A. O. U. W., and also of Burnside Post No. 28, G. A. R. , being senior vice-commander at the present time. Mr. Priestley is numbered among the prominent brick contractors of Kansas City, and has been unusually successful in his business ventures. Among the well-known business and dwelling houses that he has erected, is the I. O. O. F. building, two large additions to the Blind Institute, the residence of John B. Scroggs, and the George Bishop Block, and many others of equal size and cost. Joseph Folliard Perdue, attorney at law, Kansas City, is one of those men, too few in number, who fully recognize the truth so often urged by the sages of the law, that, of all men, the reading and thought of a lawyer should be the most extended. Sj'stematic reading gives a more comprehensive grasp to the mind, variety and richness to thought, and a clearer perception of the motive of men and the principles of things, indeed, of the very spirit of laws. This he has found most essential in the prosecution of his professional practice. Mr. Perdue was born in Chester County, Penn., on November 2, 1846, and is a son of William Folliard and Emily (Pyle) Perdue. The Perdue fam- ily were originally French Huguenots, and intermarried with Hooja- ers and Pines of England. On both the father's and mother's side the ancestors came to America with William Penn, and settled in Chester County, Penn. The first of the name (as far back as can be traced), was one Dr. William Perdue, a French Huguenot, who, be- ing obliged to leave France, went to the North of Ireland, and there joined the Friends or Quakers. He emigrated to America about 1735, and brought his certificate of membership to Chester Valley, where that branch of the family still reside. He was the great-great grand father of our subject. The Great-grandfather Perdue was born in Chester Valley, Penn., and during the Revolution was engaged in ship-biiilding for the colonists. A letter from him at Cape May is still T >> in the family. He bad two eliildien, une of whom (William Perdue), was our subject's grandfather, and was a farmer of Chester County, the greater part of his life. He was born in 1774 and died in 1856, and his wife was born in 1772 and died in 1858. The grandmother remembered the battle of Brandywine and saw the British soldiers pick up the geese from the ponds with swords as they passed through the town. The maternal grandmother lived to be ninety-nine years of age. Our subject saw both his great-grandfather and grandmothers. William Folliard Perdiie, father of subject, was born September 7, 1811, and was the third in order of birth of seven children, all biit one of whom lived to mature years. He was engaged in manufactur- ing iron the early part of his life, and in the latter part was a stock- dealer and farmer. He was a Quaker, and died on September 29, 1880. The mother was born in Chester County, Penn., on July 15, 1834, and is still residing in Chester County with her daughter, Anna Perdue, who, with our subject, are the only children. Joseph F. Perdue secured his education in the public schools and in the acad- emy at Coatesville, Penn., was in the latter three years, and then en- tered a bank at that place as book-keeper. While holding that posi- tion he continued his studies under a private tutor, and remained in the bank until over twenty-one years of age. On April 25, 1868, he entered the office of Wayne McVeagh, attorney general in President Garfield's Cabinet, and was admitted to the bar in West Chester, where Mr. McVeagh then lived, and later was admitted to the Chester County bar on motion of Mr. McVeagh, on February 18, 1870. The latter then offered Mr. Perdue a partnership with him, and it was accepted. But on June 15 of the same year Mr. McVeagh's health failed, and he accepted the appointment of United States minister to Constantinople. Mr. Perdue practiced his profession in West Chester until October 2, 1886, and then came to Kansas City, Mo., where he has since practiced. He purchased his present property where he lives in Kansas City, Kas. , in 1880, and moved to it in August of the same year. On January 2 of the following year he purchased a newspaper, Coatesville Times, and edited this for two years in connection with his law practice. He took the paper when it was all run down and succeeded well with it. In politics he is a Republican, and when the Republican Chib was organized in Kansas City, Mo. , held the position of president, this club being the most important west of Chi- cago. In his practice Mr. Perdiie does chiefly corporation and real estate isractice, and makes a special study of corporation law. He occupies •r Ml Rooms 45 and 40 Bunker Building, and besides his law lihi ary Las a large private library. He was married in Roger's Ford, Montgomery Coimty. Penn., on April 11, 1883, to Miss J. L. Buckwater, a native of Chester County, Penn., and the daughter of H. L. Buckwater, a native of the same county, Pennsylvania. They have the following children: Joseph Folliard (born October 19, 1885), Henry Buckwater (born November 2, 1886), and Emily Mary (born December 24, 1888). Mr. Perdue is a K. T. in the Masonic fraternity, and is a member of the Episcopal Church. He has practiced his profession in all the courts of the State and otherwise in Kansas and Missouri, he has been counsel for the Inter-State Trust Company, Lombard Trust Com- pany, Midland Investment Company, West Side Land & Park Company, Boulevard, Land & Park Company, and a large nnmber of others, including the Inter-State Water & Electric Power Com- pany. E. R. Purdy, foreman of the lard and oil house of Armour's Pack- ing Company, Kansas City, Kas., is a wide- awake and thoroughly reliable man of business. He first saw the light of day in New York City in 1845, and is the son of Robert and Sarah (Hobby) Purdy, both natives of the Empire State also, the father born in the village of Chappaqua. From the age of seventeen, except the time he spent in learning, and the three years he followed the trade of machinist, E. R. Pnrdy has been engaged in the lard business. He worked in the lai'd refineries in New York City for about twenty years, and had charge of A. W. McFarland's Lard Refinery in that city for three years. After this he was with Rhoe Bros., of that city, two years; Chamberlain, Roe & Co., for two years; John Sackett & Co., two years; George C. Naphey, of Philadelphia, Penn., for two years, and was with Fowler Bros., Chicago, for two years and a half. He then worked for Fowler for one year in Kansas City, and has now been with Armour two and a half years. He also was with A. G. Knapp of New York City in 1864 and 1865. He is thoroughly experienced, having been in the lard refining business for twenty-eight years, and is a valuable man for the position. He is non-partisan in politics, and is a man who attends strictly to his businsss afFairs. He resides in Kansas City. W. A. Pyle, dry goods and clothing, Armourdale, Kas. A strong and representative house in this line in Armourdale is that of Mr. Pyle, who for several years has been carrying a live business as a dealer in general dry goods, etc. He was born in Adair County, Ky., el ] - [ y ^ \P « r- -^ e \ :i^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 779 on April 5, 1844, and is a son of Olivor A. and Frances (Turnur) Pyle, natives also of Adair County, Ky. The parents emigrated to Platte County. Mo., in 1852, and the father died in Cass County, of that State. The mother is yet living. The father was a carpenter and joiner. They had two children, of whom our subject is the only sur- vivor. He passed his youth and boyhood in Parkville, Mo., where he was educated in the common schools, and later entered a store as clerk. He has followed merchandising ever since. In December, 1861, he enlisted in Company C, Eighteenth Missouri Infantry, and served three months. He was in the battle of Shilob. where he was taken sick and sent home on account of disability. He remained at Park- ville until 1867, and then came to Cottonwood Falls, Kas., where he was in the dry goods business for some time. From there he went to Cass Count}', Mo., thence to the Joplin Lead Mines, where he carried on business until 1883, and then came to Kansas City. Kas., where he is yet engaged in merchandising, carrying a large stock of dry- goods, etc. He is vice-president of the Board of Trade and a mem- ber of the council for the Sixth Ward. He is also vice-president of the Wyandotte County Coal & Mining Company. Socially he is a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity, having had bestowed upon him the thirty second degree. He was married in 1873 to Miss Mollie Hughes Mr. W. B. Raymond, undertaker, -Kansas City. Kas. The busi- ness of the undertaker is certainly not of pleasant association, yet it is a necessary one. There must be some one to perform the last sad oflSces, and it is necessary then that they should be men of sympa- thetic dispositions, with tact and deep knowledge of human nature, and with a perfect knowledge of their important calling. Mr. Ray- mond has been in this business for many years, and is thoroughl}' familiar with it in all its different bearings. He was born in Kentucky in 1848, and when thirteen years of age was obliged to make his own way in life. He first commenced working in a brick-yard at Cairo, HI., and later went to Chicago with Prof. Hamilton, the celebrated horse-trainer. Later yet he was with Dan Rice, the great clown and showman, and then was with Van Amburg's eelelirated show. He went to Baltimore, Md., New York City, and then shipped on the United States war yessel "Brooklyn," with which he remained two years and eight months. During that time he was on one of the war ships that escorted the remains of Admiral Farragut from Fortiess Monroe to New York, at which place he was buried. Later Mr. Raymond went to Europe and visited many of the ports bordering on the Baltic, Medit- ^. ^ ihiL erranean and North Seas, and visited Nortberu Afi-ica. After this he visited Germany, was at Copenhagen, Denmark, and then returned to New York. He and a companion signed articles agreeing to go to Egypt, hut on account of cruel treatment, quit the ship at South Hamp- ton, England. They went to and remained in London two months without employment or money, visited Bristol, Gloucester, and other cities, and then shipped out of Wales on a sailing vessel, the Idaho, of Bath, Me., to New Orleans, and was fifty-five days in making the trip. Our subject was then employed in a sugar camp in Louisiana, was afterward in Tennessee, and then went to St. Louis, where he worked on the street railroad for three and one half years. From there be went to Detroit, Mich. , and engaged in the undertaking business with George AV. Latimer, continuing at this business four years. From there he came to Kansas City, worked for J. N. Ball, and in 1881 suc- ceeded that gentleman in business, first with H. H. Sawyer as a part- ner, and was then with G. L. Freeman, but later was by himself in bu.siness. He has been very successful in this, and has the leading trade in the city. His stock is complete in every detail, and he has buried 2,700 people since 1885. Mr. Raymond was married in Kan- sas City, Kas. , to Miss. Bertha Crafke, who was born in Hanover, Germany. She is a member of the German Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Raymond is a member of the I. O. O. F., K. of P., Foresters, Iron Hall, A., O. U. W , and he has been an officer in these various lodges. George M. Rehm, grocer. Well-directed energy always tells, and no better proof of it can be found than in the case of Mr. Rehm, who in July, 1881, opened a meat market in Kansas City, Kas., on North Third Street. His early life was spent in the city of Louisville, Ky., where he was born June 8, 1853, and in the public schools of his na- tive city he received his knowledge of the ordinary branches of learn- ing, and later completed his studies in a business college. When not in .school he assisted his father, and thus became familiar with the butcher's trade. February 11, 1880, he was married in Fort Wayne, Ind. , to Miss Bertha D. Taylor, of that city, and on the eve of their marriage they proceeded to Louisville, and there made their home until the following year, coming in February to Kansas City, Mo., and a month later to Kansas City, Kas. April 16, 1881, he entered the em- ploy of Henry Hafner of this city, for whom he started a meat-market on North Third Street, but at the end of about three months he bought the establishment, and embarked in business for himself. A month later he took iu as ii partner a young man by the name of John L. Franck, an old friend and cbum of his from Louisville. Shortly after this connection the firm began gradually to embark in the grocery bus- iness, and being successful in this venture, with their profits they grad- ually increased their stock until they became possessed of a first-class grocery establishment, which they conducted jointly with their meat market. Finally, in 1884, Mr. Rehm purchased Mr. Franck's inter- est and has owned and conducted both establishments up to the pres- ent time. He possesses a genial nature, and this, together with his courteous manner, has enabled him to build up a good patronage. Aside from his regular piirsuits, Mr. Rehm has also been identified with some other business ventures. In 1883 he and his partner, Mr. Franck, established a canning factory, which they operated one year. In 1887 he established the Wyandotte Commission Store, which he conducted suc- cessfully alone two years, and in which he still has a half interest. He is a young man of excellent habits and his circle of friends is large. He and his wife are among the city's best citizens, and while he is a member of the German Lutheran Church, she belongs to the Presby- terian Church. His marriage has resulted in the birth of six children, the first being a daughter that died unnamed. Those living are Roy Stewart, Ella Fern, Louis Paul, Harry Newton and Robert Ray. Mr. Rehm's parents, Louis and Teresa (Yeager) Rehm, were both born in Germany, but were married in Louisville, Ky. , about 1840, the father having come to America some four years earlier. Of a family of ten children born to them, five are now living. Four of the children died in infancy, and a daughter, named Louisa, died at the age of eight years. Those living are Louis. Flrich, Mary, Elizabeth, George Mat- thias, Anna Augusta Frederica and Clara Fanny. The father, who was a butcher by trade, resided in Louisville from the time of his marriage until his death, in 1888. He carried on an extensive meat business in that city for about fifty years, and was one of that city's most substan- tial citizens. His wife still resides thei-e. Wilson S. Reitz, grocer. Some of the most enterprising and ener- getic merchants of the go ahead town of Kansas City, Kas., are identi- fied with the grocery trade, and prominent among thtse" engaged in this calling is Mr. Reitz. This gentleman was born in Northumber- land County, Penn., July 9, 1859, to the union of Joseph Reitz and Catherine Siders, both of whom were also born in Northumberland County, the former's birth occurring about 1823. He and his wife had a family of eleven children, of whom the subject of this sketch ^. ^ J^t was the tenth. Mr. Reitz spent bis entire life in bis native county and iiltbougb his attention in early years was devoted to farming, he spent bis last sixteen years in Treverton, where he was engaged in business. He owned an excellent farm of 109 acres and was a very successful farmer, but he was also a successful general merchant, and was the owner of the largest and most valuable business blocks in the town. He was an influential man in that community and a worthy citizen. He died in May, 1870, after which his wife returned to the home farm but still later removed to Shamokin, Penn., where she now makes her home. Wilson S. Reitz was nine years of age when his parents removed fi'om their farm to town, and was, therefore, only eleven years of age when his father died. He then accompanied his mother back to the farm and finally to Shamokin and there made his home with her until he attained his nineteenth year. He was mar- lied there at that age April 25, 1878, to Miss Lenora Newberry, a native of Perry County, Penn., born May 11, 1800. For two years after his marriage Mr. Reitz was engaged in the cattle business at Shamokin, but becoming dissatisfied with his location, he, in Septem- ber, 1880, came to Kansas City, Kas. , and here opened a meat-market, continuing successfully until January, 1881, when, on account of the ill health of his wife, he returned to Shamokin, Penn., and resumed the cattle business. He once more returned to this city in May, 1883, and this has since been his home. From May uutil November, 1883, ho devoted his attention to baying and shipping of cattle, but at the last-named date he became the proprietor of a meat-market and has successfully conducted an establishment of that kind nearly ever since. He had only been in the meat business a few months when he added a stock of groceries, and barring a few intervals necessitated by business changes, he has conducted a grocery store and meat-market jointly ever since. He now occupies the three business rooms at Nos. 909, 911 and 913 Minnesota Avenue, one of which contains a fine stock of gro- ceries, another a well-kept meat-market, and in the third is carried a stock of hardware. The marriage of Mr. Reitz has resulted in the birth of eight children: Sarah C. , Harvey S., Bertha M. , Ella, Ida and Walter (twins), Pearl, and an infant daughter, Cora. Mr. and Mrs. Reitz are members of the Evangelical Methodist Church, and since opening up at his present stand he has built up a large and flourish- ing trade, a credit alike to his energy and ability, and to the town. His entire stock is of a superior quality and being purchased on the most favorable terms, the advantages derived therefrom by Mr. Reitz are extended to the cousumer, hence tlie large and nourishing trade carried on. Although a young man he has been eminently successful, and he is considered one of the substantial business men of the place. He owns nine residence lots, three of which are improved with good houses, and besides his real estate he has a large amount of capital invested in other ways, all of which is well secured, and from which he realizes a good income. He is full of push and energj', and possesses to a marked degree all the attributes which are necessary to success. N. B. Richards, M. D. In giving a sketch of the life of this gen- tleman it will be well to give a brief review of the lives of his ances- tors who have taken a prominent part in the history of the country. John and Lydia (Havefr) Richards were the paternal grandparents and John and Jane (Ingle) Victor were the maternal grandparents of the subject of this sketch. They came to the colonies at an early peiiod, the former from England and the latter from Germany, and in New Jersey they settled with their parents, where they were reared among the sorrows and suffering.s of the colonial and Revolutionary times, the men being active participants in those sanguinary scenes illus- trated by the red man, the tomahawk and scalp)ing knife, of hopes deferred, of marches and counter-marches, gloomy defeats and bril- liant victories, culminating at length in the independence of the col- onies. In course of time, after peace had been declared, these two families, in company with other parties, struck out upon the old mili- tary trail of Gen. Braddock, leading from Fort Cumberland to Fort Du Quesne, and which passed through the eastern part of Fayette County, Penn. When they came to this section, which embraced a large portion of the beautiful valley of the Mouongahela, they there pitched their tents and rested, the families growing up together and engaging in the limited avocations afforded by a new country. Here, near the close of the eighteenth century, were born the parents of the subject of this sketch, Geoige Richards and Jane Victor, who were eventually married in the year 1811. A few months after their mar- riage the War of 1812 opened, and at the call of his country Richards and many of his neighbors enlisted, marched gallantly to the front and stood in the deadly breach, until at New Orleans the gallant Jackson defeated the British general, Packenham, and thus brought peace to the country and the war worn veterans to their homes and kindred once more. In 1821 and 1822 two sons were born to bless Mr. Richards' union, John V. and N. B. , the former being now a resi- dent of Illinois and the latter, the subject of this biography. At the Tf- ^ 784: HISTORY OF KANSAS. early ages of six and live years, the death of their father left theui orphans and their mother a widow. She seems to have been a mother of Spartan vigor of will and strength of convictious, for she immedi- ately set about the sacred duty of rearing her two boys in the habits of honesty, frugality, sobriety, diligence and a worthy ambition. In 1829 she was again united in matrimony to John Gadd, of Fayette County, Penn., who proved a loving husband to her and a kind step father to her sons. This marriage was blessed by the birth of live children — two sons and three daughters— four of whom are still liv- ing: Joe H. (of Kansas City, Kas.), Jinnie W. (wife of Dr. J. C. Martin), Emma (of Kansas City, Kas.), and Mariamua (wife of Dr. M. Dunn, of Minneapolis, Kas.). When the 'subject of this sketch arrived at the age of sixteen years, at his own solicitation, he was ap- prenticed out to hard toil for five years in learning a useful trade, but long before he had reached his majority the aspirations of a restless mind prompted him to higher aims upon the theater of human action. Resolving to prepare himself for a higher field of usefulness, as well as responsibility, he laid his plans accordingly and promptly set to work to carry them out. He selected the profession of school-teach- ing as a financial stepping-stone to a medical education, and for years toiled on, hoping against hope, teaching for $18 per month, from six to nine months in the year, and by dint of hard labor and unremit- ting assiduity he finally reached the highest salary paid in the coun- try, S35 per month. Alternately teaching and attending, as a student, the academies of Belle Vernon, Monongahela City and Uniontown.Penn. , all of which were within the precincts of his native county, he toiled on till he reached the coveted goal, spending eight years of his life in this manner. Having mastered the prescribed course of medical reading, under his preceptor, Dr. E. M. Walker, of Uniontown, Penn., in the fall and winter sessions of 1852-53, he entered as a matriculant the Western Reserve Medical College of Cleveland, Ohio. He was always a close student, whether in or out of college, and at the close of the session he began the practice of medicine at Wilmore, Cambria County, Penn. , where he at once took a prominent position as a successful practitioner among the medical fraternity of that county. In 1856 he moved West and located in Bethalto, Madison County, 111. Into this new field he brought his untiring energy and ma- tured judgment, where he labored for years, winning siiccess and a com- petence as a reward for his toils and sleepless vigils among the aiflicted. In the fall and winter of 18fi4-C5 he completed the prescribed course ^- •1^ of lectures at Bellevne Hospital Medical College, New York, and re ceived the degree of M. D., with diploma conferring the same, in March, 1865. Eeturuing to his old field he renewed the practice of medicine, and on December 8. 1868, he entered the marriage relation with Mrs. Beff C. Stewart, formerly of Uniontown, Penn., but at the date of the nuptials a resident of Syracuse, Mo., and the relict of O. Stewart. She is still living, a devoted companion of her husband and a kind and loving mother of three children, the sacred pledges of this union: George R. , Blanche S. and Millie May, all living and grown to manhood and womanhood. December 10. 1879, Dr. Rich- ards' mother passed to her long home, having been an earnest Chris- tian for many years. She was almost a centenarian in age. and more than that in the varied experiences of this fitful life. She had been a firm disciplinarian, tempered with prudential mercy and justice, and through all her life never relinquished her authority to admonish and command her children, even though men and women grown, and they never once thought of challenging her right so to do. To her life- long counsels and pious admonitions her children acknowledge, in a great measure, whatever of life's successes and honors they have at- tained to. In 1885, while following his profession in Illinois, the Doctor received a call from Di-. J. C. Martin, of Kansas City, Kas., to asso- ciate himself with him in the practice of medicine and surgery. He moved out with his family and entered into the copartnership in Oc- tober of the same year, which relation still exists between them mutu- ally and pleasantly. The Doctor and family are members of the First Presbyterian Church, and whatever influence he may have is always cast (so far as be has opportunity) upon the side of religion, sobriety and obedience to law and order. He has had a long and eventful life, has lived under the administration of nineteen out of the twenty- three presidents of the Republic. He claims to be living in the gold- en age of the world's history; and when the events of the nineteenth century pass in review before him, the achievements in letters, in the sciences, in the arts (ornamental and useful), in the spread of intelli- gence, of missions, the new life infused into the noble and heaven - born profession of the healing art, the annihilation of time and space in the transmission of thought, with thousands of other inventions and devices for the ennobling and ameliorating the environments of the souls and bodies of the human family, he thinks that one year of the nineteenth century is of far greater value as an educator than the same period of time taken from any one of all the past centuries. ^-. :f~^ Tbrougl) th<- shadow of the globe we sweep into the younger day; Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay. Thomas B. Roberts, car builder, of Armour Packing Company, Kansas City. When natural ability and energy are united in the same person, they can accomplish almost any given object, and these traits have raised the subject of this sketch to a high position in commercial circles, and enabled him to command first-class positions with the lead- ing firms in the United States. He is by birth and education an En- glishman, having made his first appearance into this world at Brom- ley, December 18, 1828. He was the fourth in number of the seven children born to llobert and Mary (Brooks) Roberts. Of these chil- dren only Thomas and W. W. are living at the present writing, the lat- ter making his home at Spokane Falls, Idaho. The father and mother were both residents of England, though the former was of Welsh de- scent. He followed agricultural pursuits until the year 1831, at which date he moved to Toronto, Canada. In the War of 1812 he fought on the British side, and upon going to British America, took n\:> a land grant as an old soldier. His birth occirrred in Shropshire County, Wales, the mother's in Sussex County, England. His death occurred in St. Catherine's, Ontario, when he had attained his ninety-seventh year, the wife died in the same place, at the age of eighty-seven. The subject of this sketch, at the age of fifteen, commenced learning the carpenter and joiner's trade, and this continued to occupy his attention for a pe- riod of six years. His special talent was for building milLs, but after a time he began his career as a builder of bridges, and worked for the great North-AVestern Railroad, building elevators for them. In 1860 Mr. Roberts moved to Detroit, where he served as foreman in the car- building department of the Detroit & Milwaukee Railroad, now known as the Michigan Central Railroad, but in 1865, resigned that position, to accept that of general foreman of the Crogan Street Car shops, for H. H. Leroy. He continued to hold that position until July 18, 1867, at that time being called by Superintendent J. B. Sutherland of the Michigan Southern, to take charge of the shops of that company at Detroit. On August 15, 1871, he accepted his present position with Armour Packing Company. He is exceedingly ingenious, getting uji the drawings and blue prints of the Arnold Refrigerator Company. Mr. Roberts was married in Richmondhill, Canada West, on Decem- ber 27, 1851, to Miss Nancy Dunlap. She was a native of Edinburg, Scotland, her birth occurring June 2-t, 1835, and being the daughter of James Dunlap. To Mr. and Mrs. Roberts have been born eleven ^ «* ^-* Ml it£: children; Thomas G. , David, Joseph, John, James, Emily, Sue, Nellie, Mollie, Minnie and Queen. Mr. Koberts' political sympathies are decidedly with the Republican party. He was elected, under Mayor Haines, as councilman of the Fourth Ward, and under Mayor Cable, to the Second AVard. He is a member of the Asher Lodge No. Ul, Detroit, Mich., A. F. & A. M. He also belongs to the Chapter No. 6, Ivanhoe Commandery No. 21, and Fellowship Lodge No. 8, K. of P. A long and highly successful career has given Mr. Roberts an eminent place in business circles, and has won for him the esteem and confidence of all who know him. Wilhelm F. Rohrbach is a resident of Section 6, Wyandotte Township, Wyandotte County, Kas., where he is the owner of a valu- able little farm, comprising thirty and one half acres, lying within a mile and aLalf of the city limits of Kansas City. He was born in Heil- bronn.Wirtemburg, Germany, March 21, 1835, being the third in a fam- ily of live children, his brothers aiid sisters being named as follows: Frederick (deceased, who was a wine gardener and died at the age of sixty-two years), Conrad (who is following the same occupation at his home in Wirtemburg), Bernhardt (who died in infancy), and Henri- etta, who resides in Heilbronn, her husband being a designer in mold- ings). Mr. Rohrbach has a half brother and sister, Henrich (a farm- er in Wirtemburg), and Christina (who died at the age of fifty years, her husband being engaged in the transportation of passengers by private conveyance. Mr. Rohrbach' s parents were native Germans, and the father was a wine grower and died in 1842 at the age of fifty- six years, his wife dying in 1848 at the age of forty-eight years. Mr. Rohrbach' s first educational training was obtained under a private tu- tor, after which he attended the common normal .school for eight years, where he received rigid discipline and training which admirably fitted him for practical life, which he has led. When fourteen years of age he began life as an agriculturist, but followed several callings in his varied life. He emigrated to America in 1853, and after a very stormy voyage reached New York City and secured employment on Long Isl- and, and from there going to Pittsburgh, Penn., thence to Cincinnati, Ohio, to Louisville, Ky.. and to St. Louis, going from the latter place to New Orleans, after which he went to Boonville, Mo. , and from there to Rock Island, 111., where he remained two years, and since the fall of 1866 has been a resident of Wyandotte County, Kas. , having first purchased eighteen acres of land. He can truthfully say that on coming to this section, the country was a wilderness, for little or ^ « r- ^■'s i) \ no iiuprovemeut had been made. He set to work to clear his land, erecting thereon some good buildings, and has since added enough to his original purchase to make thirty and one-half acres, on which he raises large quantities of fruit. His farm is one of the tinest in this section, owing to the admirable manner in which it has been tilled, and although he has been offered large sums for it, $1,000 per acre would not tempt him to sell. He was mar- ried to Miss Margaret Fischer, who was born and received her early education in Germany, her subsequent education being obtained in the schools of Illinois and in the Sisters' Seminary of St. Louis, Mo. Their union took place in Booneville, Mo., on December 17, ISfil, and has resulted in the birth of the following children: Wil- helm F. (who resides with his father and is engaged in farming and fruit- growing, and was married to Miss Lena Myers, a native of Missouri. Besides receiving the advantages of the common schools, he attended Palmer College, of Kansas City, Kas.), Heinrich J. (single and a farmer by calling), Margaretta (an intelligent young lad}'), Joseph (died at the age of four years I, George (died in infancy), George Con- rad (died in infancy), Franz Karl (aged fifteen years), Christina Henri- etta (aged fourteen), Theodore Gustave (died at the age of twelve years), and Adolph Johann (who is the youngest of the family). Mr. as well as Mrs. Rohrbach were warm friends and patrons of edu- cation, and have given their children good advantages. Mr. Rohr- bach lost his wife after they had lived together for eighteen years, and she now sleeps in Quindaro Cemetery, Wyandotte County, Kas., where a handsome monument marks her last resting place. He is a Demo- crat in politics, but not a partisan, voting for men of integrity, irre- spective of party. His first presidential vote was cast for Abraham Lincoln. During the late war he served for three months in the Home Guards of Boonville, Mo., during which time he was on scout duty and while thus employed was wounded in the right hand and left arm. He was brought up in the Lutheran faith and taught to respect all re- ligious institutions or institutions tending to develop the good in mankind, and has always been a very generous contributor to all such enterprises. He expects to make his jaresent place his permanent home, where he is surrounded by his dutiful and affectionate children. Dr. J. P. Root (deceased) was born in Greenwich, Mass., April 23, 1826, and his early training was received from parents whose Puritan lineage had made them thoroughly conversant with the best and purest Christian traits. At an early day he chose the medical profession as ^\ * r - -^i ^\ ^ ''^ a k^ -^ a )^ ^ his calling through life, and he devoted his unbending energies in that direction, his studies being pursued in New York City, where he afterward graduated from Berkshire Medical College. He soon after located at New Hartford, Conn., and was afterward elected on the Whig ticket to the State Legislature, serving out his term of ofiSce with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of all concerned. About this time the excitement over Kansas, then a Territor}-, stirred up the people of that locality to a wonderful degree, and when a colony was formed to emigrate to this Territory Dr. Root joined it, and came thither also, and located at Wabaunsee in the spring of 1856. He immediatel}' identilied himself with the Free Soil party, and soon won the reputation of being one of the ablest exponents of the cause. In 1857 he came to Wyandotte, and was almost immediately chosen a member of the Territorial Senate, for his fame as a man of brilliant in- tellect and unswerving honesty had preceded him, and he was elected president of that body. On the adoption of the WVandotte Constitu- tion he was made lieutenent-governor of the State, a position he con- tinued to fill until 1861. Upon the bursting of the war cloud, which had so long menaced the country, Dr. Root volunteered his services in defense of the old flag, and served throughout the war, as surgeon of the Second Kansas Cavalry. After the close of hostilities he re- sumed the practice of his profession at Wyandotte, and upon the elec- tion of Gen. (Irant to the presidency he received the appointment of minister plenipotentiary to Chili, South America, a position he filled for three years, with credit to himself and country, and signally dis- tinguished himself iluring the small pox epidemic in that coimtry by his untiring efforts to mitigate the evil. His devotion was appreciated by the Chilians, and an honorary, degree from the Medical University at Santiago was conferred upon him and he was presented with a gold medal. In 1873 he once more resumed his practice in Wyandotte, Kas., but in 1877 removed to Clifton Springs, N. Y., and entered the Sanitarium at that place as one of the physicians, but this work proving too confining and desiring to end his days in Kansas, led him to move back to Wyandotte in 1879, where he resided until death called him home Jul}' 20, 1885. The last time that he appeared in politics was as a delegate to the National Republican Convention, held in Chicago in 1884. In his profession he took a high position, and for three years he was surgeon -general of the State, and was the first president of the State Medical Society, and at the time of his death was presi- dent of the Eastern Kansas Medical Society and health officer of Wv- ^ S r- -1 a '^ andotte County. During his long years of practice he was known to be generous in the extreme, and not only did he lavish his skill and talent on the poor who applied to him for medical aid, but he often supplied them with the necessaries of life, his purse being ever at the disposal of the needy and distressed. These kindly and generous actions alone would cause his name to be held in grateful remembrance by all, had not his active life connected his name with nearly every public movement since Kansas became a Territory. He was a member of the G. A. R., a Royal Arch Mason, and had been a life-long mem- ber of the Congregational Church. He was married at Greenwich, Mass., in 1855, to Miss Frances E. Alden, and by her became the father of five children. Dr. J. P. Root, a leading dentist of Kansas City, Kas., was the fourth child in his parents' family, reference to whom is made in the sketch immediately preceding this. He was born in this city March 21, 1862, and with the exception of three years spent at Santiago, Chili, while his father was minister to that place, and three years spent in the State of New York later on, he has resided in this city all his life. He graduated from the high school of Geneva, N. Y. , in 1879, and shortly afterward began the study of dentistry at Water- town, N. Y., his dental education being finished in the Kansas City Dental College, from which institution he was graduated in March, 1882. Ever since that time he has been practicing his profession in Kansas City, and has already become well and favorably known. He pos- sesses many of his worthy father's characteristics, and gives every promise of becoming eminent in his profession. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M. , the A. O. XJ. W., and in connection with his pro- fession belongs to the Missouri State Dental Society, the Kansas State Dental Society and the Kansas City Dental Club. Like his father, he is a stanch Republican in his political views, and for three years he was clerk of the Board of Education. His marriage, which took place in 1884, was to Miss Kate N. Wait, of this city, by whom he has two children: Burr and Paul, aged respectively four and two years. Herrmann Rotert is a prominent and honored citizen of Kansas City, Kas., and is a native German, his birth occurring in Hanover on April 14, 1825, coming in 1837 with his parents, Frederick and Mary (Mil- lei-) Rotert, to America, settling first in St. Louis, Mo. , moving some three or four years later to Franklin County, of the same State, and there resided on a farm until 1857. The family then went to La Sueur, La Sueur County, Minn. , but while on the way to that place the mother sickened, and three days after reaching that town she passed away, her husband surviving her only about three months, their deaths, therefore, occurring in 1S57. The mother had been married twice, bearing her first husband two children— a son and daughter — the for- mer of whom now resides in Allegheny, Penn. , and the latter in Indiana. Her union with Mr. Eotert resulted in the birth of three sons: John Henry (deceased), Herrmann and Frederick William. The youngest son is now in St Paul, Minn. Herrmann Rotert was given the ad- vantages of the common sclTools in his youth, and iu connection with this he followed the occupation of farming. He was married in Franklin County, Mo., in the fall of 1850 to Miss Amelia Myer, a daughter of Frederick \V. Myer, a native German. When two or three years of age she was brought to this country by her parents. A year or two after their marriage Mr. Eotert went back to Minne- sota, and purchased a farm near La Siieur, and though he resided in the town, he gave his attention to the cultivation of his land. In 1871 he sold his farm and town property there and came to Kansas Oitv, Kas., where he has resided ever since. During the first eight years of his residence here he was employed as a car repairer, first for the Kansas Pacific, and later for the Union Pacific Railroad. In 1880 he purchased from Henry Horstman a grocery store on the corner of Everett and Fifth Streets, and this establishment has received the major part of his attention ever since. In 1883 he erected a good two-story brick block on the corner of Fifth Street and Washington Avenue, which is 50x70 feet, and comprises two good store rooms, in the rear of which, fronting on Fifth Street, he erected at the same time a first-class feed store, it being built of brick and stone, the dimensions being 20x40 feet. In one of the store rooms, which is rented out, is conducted a meat-market, and in the other Mr. Ro- tert has his groceries. It is one of the most complete establish- ments of the kind in the city, and has a very large and paying pa- tronao-e. His union resulted in the birth of five children: Mary Ann (born March U, 1855, and died November 3, 1872), Henry Phillips (born January 5, 1859), Frederick William (born November 29. 1800|, John Amos (born September 23, 1864), and Ida Charlotte (born April 5, 1868). The eldest son is married. The mother of these children died on December 6, 1872, and on March 19, 1873, Mr. Rotert was married to Mrs. Frieda Potthast, who has borne him three children, as follows: Emma Matilda (born July 29, 1876), Lillie (born May 30, 1880), and Hattie (born August 28, 1881). Mrs. Rotert was born f^^ 792 HISTORY OF KANSAS. in Prussia July 28, 1838, daughter of Frederick Korstrup, her mother dying when she was four years old. She came to America with her father and step mother at the age of fourteen, and grew to woman- hood in St. Louis, Mo. She was married. May IS, 1864, to Christian Potthast, by whom she had two children: Amelia (born June 28, 1865, and died September 7, 18G6), and Christian (born December 7, 1866). Mr. Potthast was drowned in Dickinson County, Kas. , June 13, 1866. Ever since embarking in the grocery business, Mr. Kotert has had as partners his three sons — Henry P. , Frederick W. and John Amos, also his step- son, Christian Potthast. He occupies a handsome resi- dence at No. 548 Washington Avenue, which has been erected since 1886, and besides this he owns other valuable residence property in the city, and the greater part of his attention is given to the man- agement of his real estate, his store being left to the management of his sons. He and his family belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church, and would be valuable additions to any city. T. C. Russell, whose sketch now claims attention, was born on December 23, 1850, being the youngest son of the twelve children born to his parents, William and Hannah (Wilson) Eussell, natives of Pennsylvania. The father dying while Thomas was quite young, he naturally had much to contend with in trying to make for himself a career in the busy mercantile world. He spent the years intervening between childhood and manhood in his native place, receiving a good education in the common schools, and afterward graduated from the Commercial College, at Pittsburgh. Mr. Russell's first choice in se- lecting a profession was the life insurance business, but when he had mastered the same, and was beginning to succeed, he was forced to give it up, owing to throat trouble that rendered so much talking painful to him. He next turned his attention to learning the carpen- ter trade in Pittsburgh, continuing to work in that line through the past twenty years, and in the meantime meeting with marked success. At the present writing he numbers among the prominent contractors and builders in Kansas City, Kas., and has also worked considerable in the adjoining city — Kansas City, Mo. Among the buildings that be- speak his praise, and that he has built since coming here from Pitts- burgh, in the year 1878, are the Swedish Baptist, German Methodist Episcopal Churches in this city, and the handsome business block on the Southwest Boulevard in Kansas City, Mo. He has also built many handsome private residences in both cities, accumulating thus a com- fortable fortune, and winning the confidence of all who know him. ^r" t Mr. Russell was, on January 4. united in matrimonial bonds with Miss Teresa Johnson, daughter of Robert and Isabella Johnsoa, natives of Pennsylvania, and to this union have been born three children, viz. : Twila May, Nellie Blanch and Lillian Irene. The subject of the sketch is in sympathy with the Republican party in politics, though too much occupied to give a great amount of attention to political matters. He is a charter member of the A. O. U. W. , and belongs to the Wide Awake Lodge No. 153, K. of P., also of U. R., Wyan- dotte Division No. 10. Thus, as the world grows older, and more and more progressive, we see on every side proof of the fact that the •• self-made " men are often the most jirosperous and highly esteemed, and from this class the leading men of our country have been taken. H. H. Ryus is a man whose j)resent substantial position in life has been attained entirely through his own perseverance, and the facts con- nected with his operations and their results show what a per.son with courage and enlightened views can accomplish. His reputation for honesty and integrity have been tried and not found wanting; his financial ability has been more than once tested, but never without credit to himself; his social qualities are well known and appreciated, and he has hosts of friends whose confidence and esteem are his high- est eulogium. He was born in Schuyler County, N. Y,, in 1840, and after receiving a common-school education in that State, he came with his parents to Kansas, and settled in Osage County, where he farmed for a short period, abandoning that occupation on account of drought shortly after. He then began building houses on the Sac and Fox In- dian lands for Indians, after which he became connected with the Santa Fe Stage Company, and for two years drove stage between Fort Larned, Kas.. and Fort Reno, Indian Ter. . a distance of twenty-four miles, after which he was promoted to the position of conductor, and made one trip per month from Kansas City, Mo., to Santa Fe, and diiring this time had many hard fights with the Indians. At the end of this time he accepted a position with Moon, Mitchell & Co., in a settler's store at Fort Union, but at the end of one year he gave up this position to take a herd of sheep from Mexico 1,150 miles north into the mountains, and this distance was covered in two months and nine- teen days. He remained in the mountains until the fall, then went to Salt Lake, and in 1806 returned to Wyandotte County, Kas. From that time until 1871 he was engaged in saw milling seven miles west of Wyandotte, and during this time made considerable money, after which he began building houses in Wyandotte, and was chosen to the f >> ♦■ ^ 794 HISTORY OF KANSAS. positiou of constable and deputy sheriff, after some time, a position he hehl for four years. At the end of this time he was elected sheriff of the county, serving two terms with satisfaction to all, then built a large corn and feed mill, and also engaged in the brick business with O. K. Serviss. He was also one of the chief organizers of the Kansas City & Wyandotte Dry Pressed Brick Company, and for a considerable period he and his partner, Maj. Drought, did nearly all the contracting and building done in this city, furnishing all the brick and lime for the Ar- mourdale Packing Company, and selling in all over a million pressed brick. They also built the Desiccating & Refining Works, the entire time spent by them in contracting being four years. In 18S'2 Mr. Ryus built the Eyus Hotel, and in 1879 erected the Ryus Planing Mills, which he operated until June, 1890, when the establishment caught fire and burned down, the loss being $24,000. He managed the Ryus Hotel for four years in connection with his planing-mill and the real estate business, and as a man of enterprise and industry he has become well known throughout this section of the country. His experience has been quite varied, and during the sixty five times that he crossed the plains, he met with numerous thrilling experiences, and tells many amusing and interesting stories connected therewith. He was married in Kan- sas City, Kas. , in 1867, to Miss Sarah E. Seward, who was born in Clark County, Ohio, in 1836, and to them have been born two chil- dren: Ida and M. Charles. Mr. Ryus' parents, David and Mohaebel (Stanton) Eyus, were born in New York, the mother being a relative of Secretary Stanton. The father was a cooper and painter by trade, and made his home in his native State until 1860, when he came to Kansas, and here passed fi'om life in 1884. The mother is still living and is seventy four years old. The paternal grandfather was born in Europe, and came to America, taking part in the War of 1812. The mother's mother lived to be ninety-two years old. Mr. Eyus is a Re- publican in his political views, and being a man of enterprise, he is now erecting a planing-mill to take the place of the one burned down. His daughter is a highly accomplished young lady, and is now a teach- er in the Kirkwood School. Herman H. Schaberg is a gentleman who is well known to all close- ly associated with the great plant of The Kej'stone Iron Works, and is the shipper of all the supplies and manufactured products of this large plant. He is a native of The Hague, Holland, the residence of the royal family of Holland. His birth occurred on March 11, 1855, and he was the seventh in order of birth of eight children, only three ^* =^rv of whom he has any history of: Cato (is a resident of The Hai^ue. makes her home with her parents, and is a teacher of note; she is quite wealthy), Henrietta (resides also in The Hague, and is the wife of Prof. John De Visser Smits, who was also a teacher of high grade), John (was a graduate from The Gymnasium, was thoroughly educated, and died at the age of eighteen years). The father of these children is still living. He is a high-grade teacher, and has been principal of a high school for forty-seven years. He is at present principal of the same school, and is seventy-three years of age. The mother is a native of Holland, and is still living. They will hold their golden wedding the same time as their golden jubilee of his school — May 15, 1894. Herman H. Schaberg obtained his excellent training in his fathers school, and was tvitor in the same for one year. He is a well-posted gentleman, has noble aspirations, and is a friend of all good educational training. He started out for himself as a cabin-boy on a voyage to the East Indies, and during this long and tempestuous voy- age he experienced many thrilling incidents which would fill a volume. He landed at Batavia, and set sail for home from the port of Soerabaja. On the home voyage around Cape Good Hope the vessel encountered some terrible sea storms, but safely weathered them all. Mr. Scha- berg remained upon the ocean until twenty one years of age and made nine voyages, visiting the distant countries of Australia, China, India, Japan, South Sea Islands and West Indies, visited the important ports of Buenos Ayres, Valparaiso, and was also along the cost of Venezue- la. He also visited St. Helena, the grave of the exiled Napoleon, and visited the Mediterranean coasts of France, Spain, Italy, North Africa, through the Strait of Dardanelles, Sea of Marmora, Bosphorus Strait, and the Black Sea to Odessa, Russia. Mr. Schaberg has graduated in the high school of navigation, and has many remarkable experi- ences. Besides his own language he speaks the Flemish or Belgian tongue, French, German, English, Malay. Scandinavian. Spanish and Italian languages, and is one of the greatest linguists to be found. He emigrated to America in 1877, located iirst in the city of Chicago, and remained there until 1884 as book keeper most of the time. He came to Kansas City, Kas., in the last-named year, engaged with the Key- stone Iron Works, and after the death of Mr. Jarboe was promoted to the important and trusted position of shipping agent or clerk. He was married on September 5, 1881, to Miss Elizabeth Farrell, a native of Canada, and a teacher in the Canadian schools. They are the par- ents of five children — two sons and three daughters- John H. (is now 1— - ^f 796 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. eight years of age), William, and Margaret (twins, aged seven years), Margaret died at the age of five weeks), Henrietta (died at the age of nine months), and Elizabeth (died in infancy). Mr. and Mrs. Seha- berg have been residents of Kansas City, Kas. , ever since Mr. Scha- berg entered the Keystone Iron Works, and expect to make that city their home. There Mr. Sehaberg can always secure a lucrative posi- tion on account of his excellent business ability. John Schlagenhauf is one of the well-to-do farmers of Wyandotte, County, Kas., and since 1868 has resided on the farm of sixty two and one half acres near Kansas City. He was boro in Wirtemburg, Ger- many, on September 4, 1834, being the eldest of a family of five chil- dren born to his parents, his brothers and .sisters being as follows: Martin (who still resides in his native land). Christian (a miller by trade), Mary and Kosina, all residents of Germany. The father of these children was a German, and was a fairly prosperous tiller of the soil. John Schlagenhauf attended the schools of his native land for eight years, and at the age of twenty years commenced life for himself, his capital at that time being very meager indeed. In the spring of 1854 he determined to seek his fortune in America, and after reaching New York City, went direct to Ohio, where he followed the occupation of farming until 1868, since which time he has been a worthy resident of Wyandotte County, and one of the first farmers of this section, a calling to which he was reared. He was married on March 2, 1862, to Miss Adaline Reimel, a native of Alsace, Germany, her education be- ing received in the schools of " Der Faterland," and in the State of Ohio. To them two daughters were born: Rosa T. (the wife of J. A. Wetherla), and Mary (who is an intelligent and aimable young lady and resides with her parents). Since coming to this country Mr. Schla- genhauf has affiliated with the Democrat party, and his fir.st vote was cast for Stephen A. Douglas for the presidency. He possesses a benev- olent and kindly disposition, and although he is prudent in the ex- penditure of money, he is not at all niggardly. Upon coming to this county he purchased land on which some slight improvement had been made, and by industry and intelligence he now has one of the finest farms in this section of the country, exceptionally well improved by buildings, fences, etc., and situated within three miles of Kansas City. He and his wife are exceptionally intelligent and refined people, and are perfectly satisfied to spend the remainder of their days on their present farm. Jacob B. Schmidt is one of the substantial men of Wyandotte ^^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. I'r, County, Kas., aiul is interested iu furmiug hu, 1845, the eldest of a family of four children born to the union of Harris Scott and Julia M. Cushman, who were also born in that State. The father was at first engaged in general trading, but gave particular attention to trading in horses, mules cattle and hogs. In 1854 re- ports reached him of the rapidly growing West, and so fired his imag- ination that he determined to seek his fortrine there, and for some time he resided on a farm in Cook County, 111., near the present city of Chicago. He was not permitted to enjoy his new home long, and one year after leaving Vermont, he died of consumption, leaving, be- sides his widow, four small children to mourn their loss. His widow sur vived him until 1861. when she, too. passed from life, and was laid to rest by the side of her husband. Richard H. Scott was ambitious, even in his earliest youth, to become a well-educated man, and to this end he applied himself diligently to his studies while in school, and was one of a class of thirteen that graduated from the first Cook County Normal Institute, it being held in Blue Island. After leaving this institution he entered the service of his brother, Lyman E., who was engaged in the mercantile business in Waldron, Mo., and after remaining with him two years he began learning telegraphy, and after becoming familiar with this calling he was given charge of the office at Waldron, a position he retained and successfully tilled for eight years. He removed to Kansas City, in 1881, but not liking that |)lace, he removed to Wyandotte County, Kas., aud settled in ^'' ^1 wbat is now known as Old Maywood, where he remained, his atten- tion l)eing given to the general mercantile business, until the Kansas City, Missouri & North- Western Raih-oad was completed, and the town of Piper organized, when he moved his store and residence thither, and here has since made his home. He is doing an excellent business, and is handling a line of general merchandise valued at f 1,500, and his residence is one of the handsomest in the place. In 1881, he was appointed postmaster of Maywood, which office he tilled until Cleve- land's administration, when he resigned, but in 1888 he was again ap- pointed to the position, and is now discharging his duties to the satis- faction of all concerned. September 3, 1800, he married Miss Sarah R. , a native of Missouri, and a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Tomm) Compston. She was born August 12, 1854, and during the trying times of their early settlement in this State, she proved a loving wife, and a true helpmate. To them a family of four children was born: William H. (born July 27, 1872). Wilson A. (born October 21, 1875), Estella M. (born in 1879), and Chester A. (born in March, 1881). Mr. Scott has been a life long Republican, and has held a number of local offices such as township treasurer, clerk, etc. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., and himself and wife belong to the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. During the war he was a member of the Union army, and served in the commissary department, enlisting at Chicago, being sworn in at St. Louis. He joined his regiment at Devall's Bluff, Ark., and while on duty at that place had the misfor- tune to lose his right eye. John Schuetz, farmer and fruit grower. Turner, Kas. Mr. Sehuetz was born in Wyandot County, Ohio, on October 17, 1834, and is the son of John Garhardt Schuetz, a native of Germany. The father was reared to manhood in his native country, and there learned the car- penter and joiner's trade, which he followed in Virginia after com- ing to this country. He was married in the Old Dominion, and left his wife with her relatives while he went to Ohio, settling in Wyan- dot County. There his wife joined him, - ^^ » - 806 HISTORY OF KANSAS. name of Sheldon is one of the most influential in x^Lrmourdale, and one of the most respected by this community. Dr. Sheldon was born in the town of Nortbfield, Washington County, Vt. , on January 31, 1844, and is a son of Samuel R. and Malintha M (Churchill) Sheldon, natives also of the Green Mountain State. The ancestry of this family dates back to England and France, and they were among the first settlers of Vermont. The paternal grandfather was a Methodist minister, and he and his wife died in Vermont. The great-grandfather on this side was a major-general in the Revolutionary War. The maternal grand- father, Isaac Churchill, was first lieutenant in the War of 1812, of Company D, First Vermont Militia. He was a farmer by profession. Samuel R. Sheldon was a sturdy son of the soil, and during the Mexi- can War he was captain of the First Vermont Battery, Field Artillery. He emigrated to Illinois in 1848, located in Kane County, and there his death occurred in 1887. The mother is yet living. Dr. E. Shel- don, the eldest of seven children, five of whom are living, was early initiated into the duties of the farm, and received his education in Kane County, 111. At the breaking out of the war, and when only seventeen years of age, he enlisted in Company A, Fifty-second Illi- nois Volunteers, and served over four years. He received a gunshot wound at Pittsburg Landing, second battle of Corinth, and was in all the principal engagements of the Western army, having a very rough experience, which he dislikes to talk about. After the close of service the Doctor returned home and began the study of medicine, working in the meantime to make money enough to carry him through. He was successful and graduated at Bennett Medical College, Chicago, in 1878. He first put out his shingle at Norton, Kas., but in 1881 he came to Armourdale, where he is now the oldest practitioner in the city. He has built up a tine practice, and is cut out for his chosen profession, which has been amply shown by his flattering success, since residing in this city. When he first came here there were but seventeen houses in Armourdale, now Kansas City, and he has been a witness to the rapid growth. He was married in 1876 to Miss Ellen A. Sabin. The Doctor is a representative citizen and a public spirited man. He was a member of the first school board, and made a hard fight to get their school house. Morris Sherman, deceased. This gentleman, who was one of the county's most enterprising men, and much esteemed citizens, was born in Rockland, Me., and died in this county March 9, 1881, being at that time fifty-four years of age. His boyhood days, until he was about ^^=^ J'- WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 807 eighteen yeaia of age, were spent in his native State, where he learned the carriage- maker's trade. He then left Maine and went to New York City, where he followed contracting and building, and where he was a member of the "Bloody Six" fire company. His many experi- ences while a member of this company, he was wont to relate to his children. Upon leaving New York, he went to Chicago, where he re- mained but a short time, and then came up the Missouri Eiver to Qnindaro, on the " Polar Star." He here followed his trade for ten years, and then sold out his business, bought land, and turned his attention to agricultural pursuits. He located about a mile and a half north and west of Quindaro, in May, 1857, on land that he had purchased from the Indians, and which is now owned by his widow and children, and was here during the latter part of the Border War. He enlisted in the State Militia, and was on guard duty at the ferry across the Missouri River at Parkville. During the early days of Quindaro, he was township constable, and in polities he was a Demo- crat of the Jacksonian type. While a resident of New York City he was married to Miss Christina Forbes, and they reared a family of five children— two sons and three ^ ^1 WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 811 tern shop; Whit Moran, foreman of the blacksmith shop, and E. J. Davis, foreman of the machine shops. Their manufactories extend over many of the principal States besides the Territories. Mr. Smith was identified with the Keystone Iron Works when located in Kansas City, Mo. Mr. Smith was married in New York on September 7, 1854, to Miss Martha Mitchell, a native of Connecticut, whose ancestors came over in the "Mayflower." To this union was born one child, Kate, who resides in Kansas City, and is the wife of A. M. Graff, who is in the insurance business. Mr. Smith has always affiliated with the Re- publican party, and cast his first presidential vote for James Buchanan. He is a member of the Elks, and he and wife are members and ardent supporters of the Unitarian Church. Mr. Smith emigrated direct from New York to Kansas City, Mo., in 1865, when this great rustling city was a mere infant, the population scarcely reaching 3,500. He has seen the most wonderful changes and developments since that time, and seen the population increase to 138,000, while the beautiful city of Kansas City, Kas., has a population of 40,000. Mr. and Mrs. Smith expect to make Kansas Cit_v, Kas. , their future home. James S. Smith. An enterprising grocery establishment in Kan- sas City, Kas., is that located at South Seventh Street, which was established in June, 1885. Mr. Smith was born in Alleghany County, Md. , June 16, 1849, being a son of Alexander and Julia Ann (Johnson) Smith, the former of whom was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and came to America with his parents, Alexander and Margaret Smith, in early manhood. The grandfather was a contractor by occupation, and was engaged in construction of tunnels. Julia Ann Smith was born in Iowa, and was married to Mr. Smith in 1848, their marriage result- ing in the birth of four childien: James S., Margaret M., John C. and Alexander. Margaret lives in Maryland, and is the wife of Will- iam Conrad. John lives in Kansas City, Kas., and for the past six years has been in the employ of James S. Smith as a grocer's clerk. Alexander is a ferryman, and is a resident of Belmont County, Ohio. The father of these children, who was a coal miner, died in 1856 from the efFects of a fall upon a coal car three month previous. Shortly after his death the mother removed with her children to Wheeling, W. Va., but died in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1859, while on a visit to that city. The four children thus left orphans, found a temporary home for one year among friends in the southern part of Belmont County, Ohio, at a place called Pike Creek. In 1860 their grandmother, Mar- garet Smith (then Margaret Ort), came to Belmont County, Ohio, for 'C « 812 HISTORY OF KANSAS. the purpose of persuading the children to go to Maryland, and make their home with her and James S., and his sister Margaret did so. John and Alexander had previously secured good homes, and remained in Belmont County. James S. Smith continued to reside with his grandmother until he reached the age of sixteen years, or until her death, which occurred in 1865, but his sister, Margaret, made her home with an aunt, Mrs. Tennant, until her marriage to William Con- rad, at the age of eighteen years. John C, the third child, left Bel- mont County, and removed to Maryland, in 1861, and during the rest of his early life had a home in the family of William Staples, remain- ing with him some seventeen years. Alexander remained in Belmont County, Ohio, and his home is still there as stated above. He is mar- ried. During his boyhood, the subject of this sketch attended school in winter, and in summer was employed as a driver in a coal mine. After his grandmother's death he went to Cumberland, Md., where he worked seven months at the jeweler's trade, under W. AV. Wilkinson, after which he went to Frostburg, Md., where, during the following six summers, he was employed as a coal miner. During the winters of 1867, 1868 and 1869 he worked in a rolling-mill at Wheeling, W. Va. In the spring of 1872 he went to Georgetown, Colo., where he re- mained a year and a half, during which time he was engaged in pros- pecting, herding and freighting, but in 1873 he came to Kansas City, Kas., which place has been his home ever since, with the exception of one year spent at Frostburg, Md. Here for six months he was engaged in the ice-packing business, and for two and one-half years following this he was employed as a driver by Samuel Freeman. In the fall of 1876 he returned to Frostburg, Md., and after working in a coal mine at that place for one year, he returned to Kansas City, and spent a short time once more in Mr. Freeman's employ. For some three years following this he worked in different elevators and packing-houses of the city, after which, for eight months he clerked in a grocery store for A. Glassner, and while thus employed was married, June 12, 1879, to Miss Katie Campbell, a native of Platte County, Mo., and a daughter of Nathan and Margaret (Archer) Campbell. The eight months suc- ceeding his marriage Mr. Smith was in the employ of the Missouri Pa- cific Railway, but in 1882 he opened a grocery store on the corner of Central Avenue and First Street, as a partner of his cousin, James S. Tennant, which connection lasted for about three j'ears. In the spring of 1885 they purchased a lot at No. 48 South Seventh Street, and upon it in the same sj)ring erected a business building, 22x60 feet, ^i WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 813 but about the time this was completed the firm dissolved j^artnership, Mr. Tennant trading to Mr. Smith his interest in the above named lot and building, for the letter's interest in the grocery stock on the cor- ner of First Street and Central Avenue. In June, 1885, Mr. Smith placed in his store on South Seventh Street, a new stock of groceries, and has conducted a first-class establishment at that point ever since. His trade is large and constantly increasing, and by the time he had been in business two years, his sales amounted to from •f'2,500 to $3,000 per month. Upon the same lot on which his store stands, he, in the fall of 1886, erected a good two-story, seven-roomed frame dwelling-house, at a cost of $1,000, which he has since occupied. Besides his grocery establishment, he is also the owner of one of the principal grocery stands in the Central Market of Kansas City, Kas., which brings him in a good income. His marriage has resulted in the birth of three children: Minnie Agnes, Florence and Alexander Na- than, who are aged respectively ten, eight and five years. Mr. Smith has many warm friends here, and by reason of his long residence in the city his trade is very large. William H. Smith, president and treasurer of the Whittaker Brick Company, was born in Troy, N. Y., in 1857, being the son of George B. and L. P. Smith. In his native city, Mr. Smith grew to manhood's estate, receiving in the meantime an academic education, and thus fitting himself to hold the positions of honor and trust since given to his charge. The company of which he is president is one of the wealthiest and most important in this section of the country, mak- ing at the present time a specialty of ornamental brick, and doing a lucrative business not only in this city, but in the surrounding cities. The plant was established in 1887, at a cost of .140,000, and has a capacity of 50,000 brick daily. The general office is on the corner of Fifth and Jersey Avenue, and the works are at Vance, eight miles from the city. J. M. Smith is vice-president of the company, J. F. Getty, secretary, and George C. Little, manager. Mr. Smith's polit- ical ideas are in keeping with the Republican party, of which he is a member. He is a High Mason, belongs to King Solomon Lodge No. 91, A. F. & A. M., to the Commandery Knight Templar No. 15, Orien- tal Temple, of the Mystic Shrine, all of Troy, N. Y., and is also a member of the Old Guard of the Troy Citizens' Corps. The subject of this sketch was married February 11, 1878, to Miss Ida M. Quackenbush, native of Troy, and to this union has been born one child, viz. : George B. And thus, as the world moves on in her circled orb, the spirit of ^ ^ ' —' ^ ^ 814 HISTORY OF KANSAS. progress seems more and more to assert itself, and every day brings to light wonderful exhibitions of the indomitable courage and unfail- ing energy that enables men to overcome every obstacle that bars their march toward fame and fortune. Charles F. Smith is the competent proprietor of Edgerton Place Drug Store, an establishment which is one of the best equipped and conducted iu the city. He was born in Floyd County, Iowa, Novem- ber 3, 1864, to Joel W. and Susan (Wheat) Smith, both of whom were natives of York State. He was reared to manhood in his native town of Charles City, and his early educational training was received in the public schools of that place. Upon attaining his eighteenth year he began clerking in a drug store, and has given his whole attention to this calling ever since. He entered the Chicago College of Phar- macy in 1885, and after attending two terms graduated in 1887, his career as a student in this institution being characterized by close application and devotion to the work at hand. In November, 1888) he came to Kansas City, Kas., and in April, 1889, established a drug store on Third Street. The following October be moved his store to No. 423 Stewart Avenue, Edgerton Place, where he is now doing a very paying business. He has been familiar with the details of the business for the past seven years, and being a graduate of one of the leading pharmaceutical institutions in the country, he is, without doubt, one of the most competent pharmacists in the city. His store is well stocked with pure drugs and all other articles usually kept in an establishment of the kind. It has always been his end and aim to please his customers, and this, in connection with his close attention to business and his honesty, has contributed largely to his success. He has made many friends since locating here, and being a young man of good morals he is deservedly popular. B. S. Smith (colored) is an attorney at law, of Kansas City, Kas., and is a well-posted, intelligent and enterprising man. His birth occurred at Fayetteville, in Washington County, Ark., in August, 1860, but he was reared to manhood in Springfield, 111., and Springfield, Mo. His father and mother were slaves at the time of his birth, but after the war he was taken North, and as soon as he reached a proper age he was sent to the common schools. Being intelligent and possessing a retentive memory he made rapid progress in his studies, and in time was graduated from the high school of Springfield, 111. Being de- termined to become still better educated, he entered the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, in October, 1884, and was graduated from -^f^ t^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 815 the law department of this institution in 1886. He immediately located at Springfield, Greene County, Mo. , where he opened an office and practiced for nine months. Imbued with the idea that he could better his financial condition' in Kansas, he came thither and hung out his "shingle" in Kansas City, and here has been since the month of May, 1887, and doing well. He is thoroughly posted in legal lore, but much prefers civil to criminal practice. He possesses much gen nine ability and deserves much credit for the position he now occupies, for notwithstanding the drawbacks of poverty, prejudice of race, etc., he has surmounted all these difficulties and has established himself firmly in business with a promising future before him. He labored hard in his early youth, saved his money and paid his way through school and is now enjoying the reward of his early industry and laud- able ambition, for he has won the respect of all who know him. Michael L. Soden is a practical farmer and stock-raiser of Wyan- dotte County, Kas. , and has proven himself to be one of the men essential to the success and prosperity of the community in which they reside. He was born in County Cavin, North of Ireland, in Decem- ber, 1884, being one of four children born to his parents, their names in order of birth being as follows: Peter (who is married and resides in Kansas City, Mo., and is a wealthy man), Michael L. (the subject of this memoir), Patrick (who is also a wealthy, retired contractor and builder, of Kansas City, Mo. , and is married), and Maggie (who died when she was about thirty-five years of age. She was the wife of Patrick Brady, a j)atrolman of Kansas City, Mo.). The parents of these children were born in Ireland, both of whom are now deceased, the father having been a linen draper while living. Mr. Soden' s edu- cation was quite meager, as he was left a poor boy with his own living to earn, but, often feeling the need of an education, he is a stanch supporter and believer in free schools, and in fact, educational institu- tions of all kinds. He commenced to make his own way in the world at the age of sixteen years without a shilling in his pocket, but the position he now occupies should teach a lasting lesson to all, for it shows what indomitable energy and perseverance can do. He was married in Kansas City, Mo., on December 4, 1869, to Miss Mary J. Kelley who was born in the South of Ireland, her education being re- ceived in the national schools of that country. Her union with Mr. Soden has resulted in the birth of the following children: Maggie (who is a finely educated young lady residing with her parents), Mar- tin, Peter, Mary, Willie and Joseph. Mr. Soden first enlisted in the 816 ' HISTORY OF KANSAS. Home Militia cluring the Rebellion, after wbich be served as teamster for two years, his regiment taking part in the following engagements: Jefferson City, and holding Gen. Price in check at Westport near Kansas City, besides some other minor engagements. He was honor- ably discharged at Warrensbiirg, Mo., during the spring of 1865, and has i-ince devoted his attention to farming, being now in comfortable circumstances. Since coming to this country he has supported the measures of Democracy, in national issues, but he has always upheld men of honor, integrity and truth rather than the shrewd politician. He and his wife are members of the Roman Catholic Church, and al- ways contribute of their means to support all benevolent institutions. Atrthe age of sixteen years he came to America from Ireland, taking passage on board a vessel at Liverpool, England, and landing at New York. After a short time he moved to New Jersey, and at the end of six months, to Independence, Mo. , afterward to Clay County, of the same State, where he remained a number of years. Here Mr. Soden carried the hod in the erection of William Jules College, this being aboiit thirty-eight years ago. From this place he came to Kansas City, Mo., at which time there was not a brick building in the place, and he can say with truth that he has seen the remarkable develop- ment of this place as well as Kansas City, Kas. "When he iirst came to the former place, the surrounding country was a perfect wilderness, and did not promise much to the incoming settlers, and where now are the handsome streets of Delaware, Broadway and Wyandotte, and Grand Avenue, then was heavy timber and brush. Kansas City, Kas., was then unknown, and the present magniticent city of Kansas City, Mo., then comprised 500 inhabitants. Mr. Soden is one of the earli- est settlers of this region, and can well remember the time when Mc- Gee's addition to Kansas City, Mo., was planted to corn, and was valued at only $25 per acre. Although he spent two years in the Rocky Mountains there was not a railroad in the West, and the trip was made overland. He and his wife now own thirty-nine acres of land, lying within four and one- half miles of the city limits of Kan- sas City, Kas. He has a neat and commodious farm residence and outbuildings, and here he and his estimable wife expect to spend the rest of their days, surrounded by their children and numerous friends. Elisha Sortor, another old settler of Wyandotte County, came here from Allegany County, N. Y., in 1857, prompted by an honest desire to better himself, and for the same amount of money acquire more territory. He settled in Quindaro, bought six town lots (real *^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 817 estate being on a boom at that place), and expected to make his fort- une in a short time. In about five years, he bought an acre and a half at sheriff's sale, and later bought thirty-tive acres more for taxes. The Indians shortly afterward moved away, then the war came on, property depreciated, and when the Hannibal bridge was built below the mouth of the Kaw, the glories of Quindaro departed. As soon as he had purchased the thirty five acres, Mr. Sortor began farming, and is now the owner of 175 acres, all the result of hard work and close application. During the time that Gen. Price made his raid, Mr. Sortor was second lieutenant in the State militia, and was in the fight at Blue and Westport. He has held a number of local positions, has been school director, and has been road overseer for twenty years. He is the son of "William and Cynthia (Clark) Sortor, the former a native of New Jersey, and the latter of Vermont, but both were reared in New York. They reared a family of nine children — four sons and five daughters — three sons and all the daughters are now living, but only one, our subject, residing in this State. William Sortor was sixty- seven years of age when his death occurred, in 1865, and his widow lived until the winter of 1890, being eighty six years of age at the time of her death. The paternal grandparents, Elisha and Margaret Sortor, came to New York State, and there reared their family. The father of Elisha was a Revolutionary soldier. Our subject was born in 1825, grew to manhood with a farm experience, received a limited education in the common schools, and when twenty-one years of age, started for himself by farming and lumbering, continuing at this until he came West. When twenty-two years of age, he married Miss Eva Brundage, the daughter of Matthew Brundage, who was a farmer of New York. To Mr. and Mrs. Sortor were born four children — three sons and a daughter: Henry (on the farm), Charles (a school teacher), Fred (at home), and Cynthia (wife of a conductor, re- siding at Kansas City, Mo.). Politically Mr. Sortor is a Republican and a Prohibitionist. He commenced life here as a day laborer, and is now in very comfortable circumstances indeed. He has always con- tributed liberally to all worthy enterprises, and is one of the represent- ative citizens. He is one of the oldest of the white settlers in the county, but time has dealt gently with him. John Spaeth, fruit-grower, Vance, Kas. Of the foreign born ele- ment now in Wyandotte County, none are more thrifty, prudent and economical than those who were originally from Germany. Mr. Spaeth J was born in Wirtemburg, Germany, June 19, 1850, and his parents, ^ ^ — ^ -^ — '>^ ' (E\ , ^^ I A ' 818 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Joseph and Barbara (Hirning) Spaeth, are both natives of that country. They reared a family of six children — four sons and two daughters, of whom our subject is the eldest, Mary, George, Louis, Christian and Johanna, and all are now living, and Mary is married to John Hern- ing, who resides near Kosedale. The parents are still living. John Spaeth was reared on his father's farm until fourteen years of age, and attended the common schools for nine years. He then started out by himself, with the intention of going to an uncle in Loveland, Ohio, but arriving in New York City, he concluded to learn the cabinet mak- er's trade, serving an apprenticeship of two years. He then went to Cincinnati, Ohio, worked at his trade about a year, and then changed off to carpenter work, which he carried on for about four years. In 1871 he came to Wyandotte County, located near Wyandotte City, engaged in the nursery business, and carried this on very successfully for five years. Then he lost nearh' all during the grasshopper season. Two years after he bought the place where he now resides, ten acres, and has it all devoted to fruit. He is also the owner of twenty acres of excellent land within a quarter of a mile of the town. Since coming to Vance he has been quite successful, and is one of the foremost fruit- growers. He was married in Greensburg, Ind. , February 15, 1870, to Miss Carrie Horstman, a sister of Christ. Horstman, who is one of the trustees of this township. Six children are the result of this union, all daughters: Jessie, Lillie, Rose, Grace, Carrie and Addie. Mr. Spaeth has been school director for four years, and district clerk one term. Politically he is a Democrat and votes that ticket. Bernard Speaker has been worthily identified with Wyandotte County since 1870, and no history of the county would be complete which failed to make proper mention of him and the business in which he is engaged. In 1876 he made a purchase of twenty acres of land, and although his farm is small he has utilized it to such good ad- vantage that he is now the owner of a sufficient amount of worldly goods to make him independent for the rest of his days. He devotes from five to seven acres to the raising of sweet potatoes, the average yield per acre being from 200 to 225 bushels, and the varieties are Yellow Jersey, Early Golden and Bed Bermuda. He furnishes Trum- bell, Reynolds & Co. their seed for shipping. Of Irish potatoes he raises the Early Ohio, averaging from 125 to 150 bushels per acre, and also gives considerable attention to the culture of the late Mam- moth Pearl. For several years he planted two crops of potatoes on the same ground, and he devoted from one to two acres to watermelons ^^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 819 each year, the principal varieties being Cuban Queen and Ice Rind. Tlie remaining acres are given to cabbages and other kinds of vege- tables. He is loud in his praise of Wyandotte County, for in his opin- ion it contains some of the richest land of the State, and its fruit, veg- etables, etc., are unsurpassed. He makes the statement that 80,000 bushels of potatoes were raised and sold in his section this year, and the average profit per acre of vegetables is between $50 and $100. He is a native German, and like all his countrymen, thrifty, industri- ous and honest, and an enterprising and public-spirited citizen. He was born March 21, 1834, and until he attained manhood he was en- gaged in farming in his native land. In 1860 he came to the United States to seek a home, and until February, 1862, he was engaged in gardening in Louisville, Ky. , then joining the Twenty eighth Ken- tucky Infantry, Company I, under Capt. John Schmidt, and served in the Fourth Army Corps, taking part in the battle of Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Jonesboro, Franklin and Nashville. He was captured at Green River in September, 1862, by Gen. Bragg, was kept a prisoner for three months, and was then exchanged. After the war he returned to Louisville, Ky., but at the end of one year he joined the Veteran Reserve Corps of the regular army, and during his three years' service he was promoted to drill-master. His services in this capacity were fully appreciated, and he was offered the position of orderly, but he preferred to retain the position of first duty ser- geant, and this position filled successfully until he received his dis- charge in the fall of 1869. After going back to Louisville, Ky., and remaining there four months, he made a visit to his old home in Eu- rope, after which he came back to Louisville, and in 1870, settled in Wyandotte County, Kas. After working at different callings until 1876, he bought the farm where he now lives, as above stated. He was married in 1876 to Miss Elizabeth Frohoff, a native German, their acquaintance being formed while Mr. Speaker was visiting in Der Faterland, and five years afterward she crossed the water to America. They are now the parents of five interesting and intelligent children: Louis, Joseph, John, Charley and Mary. Although formerly a Re- publican in his political views, Mr. Speaker has supported Democratic principles for some years past. He is serving his sixth year as school director in District 19, and he and his wife are members of the Cath- olic Church at Argentine. In the calling in which he is engaged, Mr. Speaker is well known to the people of this community, and he has, and fully deserves, the respect of all, for he is perfectly honorable in ^ -3- _® 2" 820 HISTORY OF KANSAS. every particular, and keeps fully apace with tbe times in all matters of public interest. Dr. Frederick Speck, an old and honored physician of Kansas City, Kas., was born in Carlisle, Cumberland County, Penn., November 24, 1818, his parents. Dr. Joseph and Mary (Motter) Speck, being also born there. The paternal grandparents were Frederick and Barbara (Mus- sulman) Speck, their births occurring in Lancaster County, Penn. The first member of the family to settle in America was a Hollander, the mother's ancestor being a German. The jaarents of Dr. Speck had a family of three children, of whom he was the eldest, the only son and the only one now living. The mother died about 1888 and his father subsequently married Elizabeth Hollenback, by whom he reared a family of sis children, only one of whom, a son, is now living. The father's death occurred April 3, 1875, in Kansas City, Kas., where he located in 1857, he having been a graduate of Dickinson College, of Carlisle, Penn., and also a graduate of a Baltimore Medical College. He practiced his profession for over forty years, and for two years was a surgeon in the Union army during the Rebellion. Dr. Freder- ick Speck spent his early life in his native town and received his liter- ary education in Dickinson College, also. His first knowledge of medicine was acquired under his father, and in early manhood he com- pleted a course in the Franklin Medical College of Philadelphia, grad- uating in 1847. He began practicing in Fremont, Schuylkill County, Penn., but after spending five years there, and a similar length of time in Selin's Grove, Snyder Count}', Penn., he came West and took up his location in Kansas City, Kas., where he has been in the active prac- tice of his profession ever since. For the past forty-three years he has been a practitioner of the " healing art," and during thirty-three years of this time he has been located at Kansas City. He is now the pioneer physician of this place, and during the long term of years spent here he has become well known, both professionally and socially. He was married on June 8, 1848, to Miss Adelaide M. Dennis, who accompanied him to the West and died in Kansas City, March 8, 1882, leaving, besides her husband, four children to mourn her death. They are Annie M., Mary C, Joseph B. and Richard D. On December 31, 1885, the Doctor was married to Mrs. Frances L. Battles, a daughter of Hon. Marsh Giddings, late governor of New Mexico, and the widow of Augustus S. Battles, of Philadelphia, Penn. Dr. Speck and his wife are members of the Episcopal Church, and he is a prominent Odd Fellow, and has been honored with the position of Grand Master and ^ ?v^ 'k Grand Chief Patriarch of the State, and Grand Representative to the Grand Lodge of the United States, which met at Baltimore in 1873 and at Atlanta in 1874. He is now one of the oldest Odd Fellows in the State, and has also long been a member of the Masonic fraternity and the K. of P. He is a devoted member of the Republican party, and has served two terms as mayor of the city and several terms as a member of the city council. He has held the position of pension examiner for a period of ten years, and is now a member of the board. He was also a member of the board that built the Blind Asylum, and served as one of its trustees for several years, and has served as a physician of that in- stitution ever since it was erected. He was a member of the Kansas State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. Pro- fessionally, as in every other respect. Dr. Speck stands very high, and he possesses the universal respect and esteem of his medical brethren in this section. He has an extensive acquaintance and a large circle of friends, and is a man who will command respect in whatever locality he might settle. J. M. Squires, of Kansas City, Kas., is a native of New Jersey, where he was born in 1834, to William and Mary (Irvin) Squires, both of whom were also born in that State. The father was a farmer and lumberman by occupation, a very active and energetic man, and in his political views was a Whig. His father was born in Vermont, and was a stove-maker by trade. To William Squires and wife a family of five children were born, all of whom are living. J. M. Squires attended the common schools of New Jersey, and was in the lumber business with his father for some years, and also worked at carriage-making for some time before entering the army, and has always been of a mechanical turn of mind. August 5, 1802, he enlisted in the One Himdred and Thir- tieth New York Infantry, United States army, but was soon afterward transferred to the First Dragoons of a New York cavalry regiment, and was with the Army of the Potomac, and served in the State of Virginia the most of the time. He was at Winchester, and saw Sheridan after the close of his famous ride. Gen. Wright was the senior officer in command, and upon seeing Gen. Sheridan, he cried, " Gen. Sheridan, we are whipped! " to which Sheridan replied, " You may be, but by G— d my men are not! " and true enough, he rallied his men and won the day. He was with Gen. Sherman in the Shenandoah Valley, and was in the battle of the Wilderness, and afterward crossed the Rapi- dan with Grant and took part in the engagements at Spottsylvania and Petersburg, seeing much hard service. At the battle of Winchester he ^ ) Vy 822 HISTORY OF KANSAS. held the position of first duty sergeant under Gen. Merritt. Two of his brothers served in the Union army also. Mr. Squires was mustered out of service June 24, 1865, and returned to his old home, and for some time after was the proprietor of a meat -market. He afterward went to Fond du Lac, Wis., and after working in the Chicago & North- western Kailroad shops for quite a period, he removed to Michigan Iron Mines, near Green Bay, and there worked for the same road one winter, returning at the end of that time to Fond du Lac. August 3, 1870, he found himself in Kansas City, Kas. , and continued his labors for the above-mentioned road until two years since. He is the owner of 168 acres of land near Cameron, Mo. He was the first president of the school board of consolidated Kansas City, in which capacity he served three years, retiring in August, 1889. There was a great amount of work done on the school buildings during this time, and for nearly two years he gave all his attention to superintending the erection of school buildings. He is a Republican, a member of Burnside Post of the G. A. R., and is a charter member of both the I. O. O. F. and the A. O. U. W. He was married just before going into the army, but his wife died during his service, and he was again married in Missouri, about 1872. He is well known in Kansas City, and com- mands the respect of all. Andrew Stalberg, mechanic, Kansas City, Kas. Mr. Stalberg is foreman of the pattern shop of the great plant known as "The Keystone Iron Works," of Kansas City, Kas., and is a mechanic of no ordinary ability. He was originally from North Sweden; his birtb occurring near Gothenburg, November 10, 1836, and was reared in that city. He was the elder of two brothers, the other being John, who is now a resident of New York City, where he is a professional pattern-maker. He married Miss Anna Ciza. The father of our sub- ject was a native also of Sweden, and was a soldier. He is now de- ceased. The mother still lives, and is eighty- five years of age. An- drew Stalberg obtained his early educational training in the common schools of his native country, and later attended the high school at Gothenburg. He received his education in the evening schools, and finished his course as a draughtsman and designer. At the age of twenty-five years he worked as a pattern-maker in the following cities: First at the city of Tralhalan, Sweden, remained three years; from there went to Gothenburg, where he remained twelve years, and while in that city worked for a firm by the name of Killer, one of the largest of the kind in Sweden. A company of ten, Mr. Stalberg rnr WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 823 among them, built a foundry at a total cost of $35,000, and Mr. Stall- berg and a partner called upon King Charles XV. for aid in the con- struction of this important enterprise. There there they remained for seven weeks, were partially successful, and then returned home and erected the plant. This did not prove as successful as the company anticipated, and they failed as a result. The failure was caused by the enterprise proving an impetus for some members of the company to ascend too readily the hill of importance and style, and another cause was that some of the mechanics liked the social glass too well. All the company were lirst-class mechanics in detail. Afterward Mr. Stalberg went as foreman for James Robertson at Gothenburg, and remained there three years. From there he went back to the old firm, remained with the same for four years, and here he met with an acci- dent that almost proved fatal. About a ton of wire fell on him, he was taken out as dead, but immediate medical aid saved him. After recovering he returned to work, remained one year, and emigrated to New York City in 1868. He remained there for nine years, working with a fi-iend from his own city of Gottingen. The first four- years he was a pattern maker, and the remainder of the time he was foreman. He came to Kansas City in 1878, identified himself with the Kej'stone Ironworks, where he has been ever since. He has been a trusted and valuable man in this great plant for twelve years, nine years of which time he was foreman. This brief sketch shows that Mr. Stalberg is a man who, in his especial profession, is one of value to his employers in every position he has held. He was married in the old country, in 1855, to Miss Anna Christina, a native of Sweden, where she received her education, and the fruits of this union were five childi-en — two sons and three daughters: Amanda (married Rev. Frederick Swam- berg. a Lutheran clergyman, and they have six children. They reside in Nebraska), Augusta (deceased), Albin Isadore (deceased), Israel (deceased). Alma Josephine (resides with her parents, and is a musician and teacher of music). She is the youngest in the family. Mr. Stalberg is a Republican by principle and precept. He cast his first presiden- tial vote for Gen. Grant. He has been an active politician, and his influence is felt in this locality. Mr. and Mrs. Stalberg and family are worthy members of the Lutheran Church in Kansas City, Kas., and Mr. Stalberg has had the charge of the Sunday-school for thirty- five years, having been superintendent of the same since first locat- ing here. He is also a deacon in the same, and president of the build- ing committee of the church, which he has partially superintended in i^ ^4* — -- ^ — ^i^ r 824 HISTORY OF KANSAS. building, at a cost of $45,000. All this is highly commendable to Mr. Stalberg, and he is one of the mainstays in his church. He is president of the Temperance & Benevolent Society, and this society is in a very flourishing condition, having $2,000 in the treasury. Mr. and Mrs. Stalberg always contribute of their means to any enterprise worthy of their attention, and no worthy movement is allowed to fall through for want of assistance. They are the owners of a nice prop- erty at 1115 Holly Street, Kansas City, Mo., and it is valued at $9,- 000. This much-esteemed couple expect to make their permanent home in Kansas City, where Mr. Stalberg' s talents and skill will ever be in demand. Here they are surrounded by their children and many warm friends. Charles E. Staub, assistant chief of the fire department, Kansas City, Kas. Mr. Staub was originally from Washington County, Md., his birth occurring on October 13, 1856, and was reared to manhood in his native county. He received a good practical education in the common schools, and remained in Washington County until 1878, when he went to Ohio and then to Illinois. He served three years as an ap- prentice to the blacksmith and machanist's trade. While in Southern Illinois he was married to Miss Ellen, daughter of Jacob Heilmand, and a native of Union County, 111. They became the parents of two children, one now living, Harry. Mr. Staub came to this city in 1882, worked at his trade here for eighteen months and then started a shop on Third Street, which he carried on for three years, and in which business he was successful. He then sold out and entered the fire department as above stated. He has assisted in the manufacture of some of the patents that are used in the department at present, worked on the water-tower, and rebuilt the wagon used for carrying the hose out of the water limits, also improved the harness hangings, and the new halter hitches. He is a member of the K. of P., Fellow- ship Lodge No. 2, and Uniform Rank and has been worthy vice in the former.. He is also a member of the Franklin Lodge A. O. U. W., No. 132, and is a Republican in his political views. Although he came here with limited means, Mr. Staub has accumulated a handsome property, and is a representative citizen of Kansas City, Kas. John Steffens is a county commissioner of District No. 1, of Wyan- dotte County, and not only as a painstaking and zealous official, but socially and politically also, do we find him among the foremost men of the county. He was born in Germany, May 23, 1845, and like so many of his countrymen by industry and good management he has ^ obtaiiUHl a sulistaiiiiul footing in this eountrv- Hf was the pldost in a family of four children born to Henry and Betty StefFens, natives of the same country where their mother died in 1870, and the^, father is still living, following the occupation of contracting and building, of which he is the thorough master. John StefFens came to America to seek his fortune at the age of eighteen years, and after landing in New York City, immediately emigrated westward, and for two years worked at the carpenter's trade in Belleville, 111. He then went to a town near Nashville, 111., where he hired out to a farmer, and there made his home until 1868, when he came to Argentine, or what is now Argentine, there being no house on the present site at that time. He continued to till the soil here for a few years, and by the careful saving of his wages he soon accumulated a sufficient amount to enable him to purchase a farm of forty-one acres close to Argentine, of which he is still the owner. This farm he improved with a good house and other buildings, and now rents the same. In 1881 the town of Argentine was laid out, and he moved to the village and again began carpen- tering and building, which he continued to follow till his election in 1S83 to the position of township treasurer, and the follow- ing year township trustee, a position he retained five years. At the organization of Argentine he was elected one of the first councilmeu, and filled this position by re-election for six years, being elected in 1888 to the oflSce of county commissioner, a position he was forced to resign. He has been associated with the management of the township, city and county during the greater part of his residence here, and has also been interested in the progress and development of the schools, and to this end acted as a member of the school board. While he was one of the county commissioners the county jail was built, and also Eighth Street. He has given universal satisfaction while representing his district, and his popularity with his fellow-men is shown when it is known that he was elected on the Republican ticket from a precinct largely Democratic. As an official he has not his superior, for he is methodical, faithful and highly efficient, one of the county's first-class citizens. In the month of August, 1874, he was united in marriage to Miss Emma Walker, a daughter of William and Louisa Walker, the former of whom died in 1868. The mother still survives, and makes her home with her daughter, Mrs. StefFens. The latter was born in Wyandotte in 1856, and her union with Mr. Steffens has resulted in the birth of four children: Mena, Henry, John and Lena. The family are members of the German Lutheran Church of this city. ^■ lli. 826 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Hon. B. L. Stine is the oil inspector for all of the Second Con- gressional District, and also part of the first and third districts. He was born in Juniata County, Penn., in 1846, and in that State grew to manhood. At the opening of the Rebellion, when only fourteen years of age, he enlisted in the Thirty-sixth Pennsylvania Infantry, but at the end of three months became a member of Company A, First Pennsylvania Cavalry as a private, and was with the same for three years and one month, taking part in the following engagements: Chan- cellorsville. Wilderness, Gettysburg, Petersburg, Bermuda Hundred, City Point, Five Forks, and Appomattox Court House, and saw Gen. Lee the day before the surrender. He took part in the grand review at Washington City, then returned to Pennsylvania, and was discharged at Harrisburg. He then secured employment on a railroad as fireman, finally became engineer and remained on Engine 67 until 1869, when he went to Ohio and located near Galion, where he began farming, a calling he followed until 1875, when he came to Kansas City, Mo., where he remained for three years prior to his removal to this city be ing an employe of the Kansas Boiling Mill Company during that time and until 1882. In 1880 he was elected to the State Legislature, from Wyandotte County, on the Republican ticket, the first one to be elected from this district, serving with ability from 1882 to 1884. Ho con- tinued with the above named mill until it was closed down in 1882, after which he turned his attention to the real estate business, also in- surance, and is still following this calling, it being his chief business. He received the appointment of coal inspector in December, 1889, and he is is also connected with the South West Boulevard Land & Im- provement Company, and is interested in Columbus Heights, Hum- boldt Addition and Potomac Heights, besides his own exclusive prop- erty. He is one of the public-spirited men of this section, is strictly honorable in all his business transactions, and commands the un- bounded respect and esteem of his fellow-men. He is a member of the K. of P., the A. O. U. W. , Royal Arcanum, and while a resident of Ohio was married, becoming the father of one child: Zelene A. Mr. Stine is of Dutch descent and is a sou of Benjamin D. and May A. (Height) Stine, native Pennsylvanians. Dr. Charles M. Stemen is a well-known young physician of Kan- sas City, Kas., and was born in Vftn Wert County, Ohio, September 11, 1865, being a son of Dr. C. B. Stemen, an eminent railway sur- geon of Fort Wayne, -Ind. Charles M. spent his early days in his na- tive county, and received his literary edneation in the Fort Wayne Methodist College. In the fall of ISSl. having made uj) his mind to make the profession of a physician his calling through life, he began bis medical studies under the preceptorship of his father, and in 1886 graduated as an M. D., from the Fort Wayne' College of Medicine, and at once came West, locatingin Kansas City, Kas., where he has since devoted himself earnestly to the successful practice of his calling, and has succeeded admirably in his endeavors. He is a mem- ber of the Wyandotte County Medical Society, the National Associa- tions of Railway Surgeons, and for one year held the office of city phy- sician of Kansas City, and for tlje past three years has been police surgeon. He makes a specialty of surgery, for the practice of which he is peculiarly well adajited, and he is acknowledged hy his brother physicians to be possessed of much ability and skill. He has a lucra- tive practice, and promises to attain the front ranks in his profession. Socially he belongs to the A. F. & A. M., the K. of P., the A. O. U. W., the A. O. F. , and the National Union. His marriage which oc- curred May 15, 1888, was to Miss Eva B. Kirtley, a daughter of W. J. Kirtley, of Warsaw, Ind. Derrick Stone, manufacturer of carbonated drinks, soda water, or ange cider and bock beer, seltzer water, champagne cider, etc., estab- lished his business herein 1887, and immediately entered on a brisk trade which has steadily increased since. His genial disposition has gained him a host of friends, and he practices those principles of fair- ness and liberality which are bound to hold and make more custom. He is doing business at 534 and 536 Reynolds Avenue, Kansas City, Kas., operates the year round and employs twelve men. He re- placed the old machinery in the room by new, and everything is in lirst-class working order. Mr. Stone was born in Hocking County, Ohio, on December 21, 1826, and was the son of Horace and Betsy (Ramsey) Stone, the father a native of Connecticut, born in 1789, and the mother of Maryland, born about 1800. Both came to Ohio with their parents, grew to mature years in Ohio, and there their nuptials were celebrated. The father of our subject was an agriculturist and was very successful in this calling. He was colonel of the militia for many years. In politics he took an active part, was a Whig, and held a num- ber of local offices. He was a leader in that section, and was active in his support of Harrison, Si-. Both he and wife were members of, the Presbyterian Church for many years, and he was an elder in the same. The Stone family was originally from Holland. The paternal grandfather. Derrick Stone emigrated from Connecticut to Marietta, ;^ < .' ^i:^*^ 828 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Ohio, when the Indians were the principal inhabitants of that county, and there passed the remainder of his days. Derrick Stone, Jr., at tended the schools in his home district until he was better qualified to teach than his teacher, and then taught the home school for the muni- ficent sum of $12 per month, and boarded himself. He began teach- ing when seventeen years of age. followed this pursuit for two years, and then as his father opened a store at Nelsonville, Athens County, Ohio, he took charge of the same, conducting it for two years. After this he engaged as salesman in a mercantile establisment, and con- tinued at this one year, and was then with Phillip Hanes & Sons at Fremont, Ohio, for one season. Later still he went to Maumee City, Ohio, took charge of a mercantile e.stal:)lishment doing an extensive business, P. W. Boyd & Co , and then went into partnership with the firm of Gregory & Moore, in patent medicines. Later his jaartner died and his (the partner's) interest was purchased by Mr. Boyd, the title being changed to Boyd, Stone & Co. Three years later Mr. Stone sold his interest, after which he went to Perrysburg, and formed a partnership with Gen. William Houston in general merchandising, carrying this on until the breaking out of the war. In September, 1862, Mr. Stone enlisted in Company A, One Hundredth Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, and was made first deputy sergeant, holding the posi- tion for six months, after which he was detailed to commissary de- partment as abstract clerk, and held that position until the close of the war. While in the ranks he was in the battle of Franklin, and he assisted in marching the prisoners to the rear who were taken at that time. He was discharged at Washington, and soon after came to Wyandotte County, where he commenced operating a saw-mill in connection with Frank H. Belton. Two years later he opened a store at Pomeroy, which town was then in the woods, named the place, and was the first ticket agent. Some time afterward he came to Wyan- dotte City, carried on a store for twelve years, and then embarked in the coal business with Mayor W. P. Overton, and continued at this until three years ago. In 1868 he married Mrs. Jennie E. Garrett, daughter of Dr. Ayers of Upper Sandusky, Ohio. Mrs. Stone is a member of the Congregational Church. Mr. Stone is a member of the I. O. O. F. , of Kansas City, Kas. , and has held most all the chairs of the K. of P. In politics he is Democratic, favoring free tariff. John L. Sterrett, foreman of the loading gang for Swift & Co., of Kansas City, was born in Evansville, Ind., July 31, 1863, a son of Alexander and Anna M. E. (Lagow) Sterrett. the former of whom was WYANDOTTE COUNTY. ^2!) born in Wayne County, Ind., SeptemVier 28, 18'21. and the latter in Princeton, Ind., October 11, 1837. To their union a family of eight children was born: Robert M. , Harry L. , William P., Samuel W., John L., Margaret, Sallie, and Anna, the latter dying in infancy. When John L. Sterrett was three years of age, he was taken by his parents to Manhattan, Kas. They remained in this State only three years, returning at the end of that time to Indiana, locating in Wash- ington, and two years later in Terre Haute. In 1880 they returned to Kansas, talsing up their abode in Wyandotte County, and here the father, who was a minister of the Presbyterian Church, died September 25, 1885, his widow and their six youngest children still residing in Wyandotte. The early life of John L. Sterrett was spent in the places named above, but the greater part of his education was received at Terre Haute. After coming to Wyandotte he was a student for two months in Spauldiug's Business College, at the end of which time he left that institution to enter the packing-house of George Fowler & Son, remaining with them for six years and a half, during the whole of which time he was employed as time-keeper. In September, 1887, he became an employ e of the Kansas City Packing Companj% but in November, 1887, he began working fur the Armour Packing Company, his services being thus employed until March 11, 1888. On the fol- lowing day he was hired by Swift & Co.. and has been with this firm ever since, his first duties being as time-keeper. In the fall of 1889 he was given a foremanship, and in June, 1890, he was made foreman of the loading gang, a position he is now filling. Mr. Sterrett is a young man of excellent business qualifications, and good habits, and his prospects for a successful future are very promising. He is well known throughout the city and county, and has a large circle of warm friends, among whom he is very popular. He is a devoted member of the Republican party, and socially is a member of the A. O. V. W. His marriage, which occurred on May 20, 1884, was to Miss Belle Bowling, a daughter of George D. and Anna (White) Bowling. She was born in Wyandotte, Kas., March 20, 1865, and her union with Mr. Sterrett has resulted in the birth of two children; Sallie (born July 5, 1885). and Alexander (born August 18, 1886). Martin Stewart, one of the oldest settlers of Kansas City, Kas., was born in Baden, Germany, in 1S24, and when seven years of age he was brought by his parents to America, and landed in New Orleans. His father, the day after their arrival in New Orleans, unfortunately fell a victim to vellow fever and was taken from his family after an ill 4J 830 HISTORY OF KANSAS. ness of six weeks. His widow and live children afterward moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where Martin was reared to manhood. The family brought considerable means with them to this country, but these means were soon exhausted by the heavy expenses that sickness brought upon them, and the children, though at an early age. were compelled to seek labor in order to earn a livelihood, which was no great hard- ship, as they possessed all the energy and enterprise characteristic of the German people. Martin Stewart has worked hard ever since eight years old. This to him. at first, was quite a hard struggle, but after con- siderable experience he found himself better qualilied to face hardships, and after he became twenty-one years of age, with the earnings of his only brother and sisters, his mother was enabled to live independently. She died in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Martin is the only one that now survives her. After Martin had attained the age of twenty one, he leased some land near Cincinnati, and began a career as a gardener, and when twenty three he was married to Miss Catherine Minnenger, of that city, and who was born in Hesse, Germany. She was seven years of age when brought to America by her parents, who also made it their home in Cincinnati, and where Mr. and Mrs. Minnenger died, the former at sixty-three and the latter at forty years of age. Mr. Stewart made his home in Cincinnati until 1857, when he came to Wyandotte, Kas. , and followed the occupation of teamster, but the fol- lowing year rented the farm now owned by E. D. Brown, and at the end of that year he purchased his present farm, now known as the Stewart homestead. In 1887 he rented this farm, which comprises 101 acres, and built himself a suburban residence, with all the modern improve- ments, where he now resides with his wife and three unmarried children. Mi-, and Mrs. Stewart have seven children, namely: Martin W. (treas- urer of the county), Kate A. (wife of Henry Hafner), Lizzie E. (wife of Ed Daniels), Celia C. (wife of Theo F. Ismert), Rosa S., George A. (cashier Kansas City, Kas., Savings Bank), and Henry E. The Stewarts are all strict members of the Roman Catholic Church, and are one of the oldest Catholic families in the county. The second mass said in this county was celebrated in Mr. Stewart's house, by Bish- op Miege, from Leavenworth, Kas. During the war he was lieutenant of the Twenty-third Cavalry of the State Militia. Politically Mr. Stewart is a Democrat, and as such served on^ term as county com- missioner. He was also one of the investigators of public schools, and served as director for many years. At present he is a stockholder and one of the directors of the Wvandotte National Bank, and stock ^; Jfv ♦• •vl ^ — ^ -* — ^i^, holder, director and vice-president of the Wyandotte Savings Bank. His father was a soldier in Napoleon's army, and assisted in the march to Russia, beinj:; in the hussars, and having six horses shot from under him. He was one of the six that returned alive. M. W. Stewart, the present county treasurer of Wyandotte County, Kas., was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1848, but was reared and edu- cated in Wyandotte County, Kas., supplementing the common school coiu-se with a more complete training in a commercial college, and in this institution became admirably tilted for the practical duties of life. Having been reared on a farm, he turned his attention to that pursuit on starting out to make his own way in the world, but after some time gave up this occupation to open a meat and produce e;5tab- lishment, and conducted this successfully for a period of five consecu- tive years. At the expiration of this time he returned to his farm, where he was engaged in speculating in various ways, and his honesty in dealing with his fellow-men, and his upright and clean life, coupled with his business capacity, brought him into jiublic notice, and he was nominated by the Democratic party for his present oflSce, and was elected in the fall of 1887, notwithstanding the fact that the county has a Republican majority. In the fall of 1889 he was re-elected, and this, as well as his first election, proves that he is a popular and efficient official. He was married to Miss Josie A. Beckenhauf. who was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, their union taking place in Kansas City, Mo., September 26, 1888. [For a history of Mr. Stewart's [)arents see sketch of Martin Stewart.] Samuel Stewart has been engaged in business in Kansas City, Kas. , since the month of June, 1884, and since April, 1887, has conducted affaijs on James Street, his spacious store- building being a landmark in this part of the citj'. He was born in County Antrim, Ireland, June 20, 1851, his parents, James and Sarah (Mcllroy) Stewart being also born there about the year 1826. They were married in 1848, and became the j)areuts of eleven children, their names being as follows: John, Samiiel, Isabella. Thomas and James, living, and James, Rob- ert H. , Mary, William, Jennie and Sarah, deceased. The parents still reside in their native county. The subject of this sketch is the only member of the family that came to the United States, but his youth was spent in attending school and laboring on a farm. At the age of fifteen years he left home and went to Belfa.st, Ireland, where he served a five years' apprenticeship, learning the trade of a grocer, then opened an establishment of his own. and was a prosperous and sue rT Ai^ r«- cpssful grocer uf Belfast for twelve years. He was married while there, ou July 13, 1875, to Miss Johanna May, whose birth occurred in County Antrim, Ireland, June 13, 1850, a daughter of John and Catherine (Walker) May. In 1884 Mr. Stewart emigrated with his family to America, embarking at Derry on March 14, and reaching New York after a stormy voyage of fourteen days. After staying two nights in this city they started for Kansas City via Chicago, remaining two nights in this place, and reached their destination on April 2, es- tablishing the following June a grocery store at No. 15'22 East Twelfth Street, but in April, 1887, purchased his present establishment which he has conducted very successfully ever since, being now one of the leading grocers in his portion of the city. He endeavors in every way to please his patrons, and that he has succeeded in doing so is clearly shown by fhe large patronage he now enjoys. He and wife, who are members of the Presbyterian Church, have three sons: James (born March 18, 1877), John (born April 5, 1879), and Samuel (born Novem- ber 11, 1881.) Frederick Stockhoff. whose sketch now claims attention, is a resi- dent of Wyandotte Township, Wyandotte County, Kas. He was born in Hanover, Germany, about twelve miles from the old city of that name, on December 20, 1844, and was the second of the eight children born to his parents. The others are: Henry (who resides in Wyan- dotte County and married Miss Anna Winker, a native of Germany), Herman (who lives in Wyandotte County, is married, and devotes his attention to farming), Wilhelm, resident of Wyandotte County, and is a farmer), Joseph (who continues to makes his home in German} ), August (who lives in Wyandotte County), and Louise (wife of Mr. Doodlestadt, of Kansas City, Mo.). Mr. StockhofP's parents were both natives of Germany, and are both dead. He received his early educa- tion in the old country, and was thus fitted for the battle of life and to be a practical business man. He commenced a commercial career for himself at the age of twenty-three, without a dollar in his pocket and without a trade of any kind, and for many years naturally endured innumerable privations and often found it very difficult to provide himself with the necessaries of life. However, he was the fortunate possessor of a pair of willing hands and a vast amount of energy, and climbed slowly but surely to success. L'pon his arrival in the United States he landed in New York City and from that point went to Cin- cinnati, Ohio, where he remained for a period of seven years, working in that city and also in Covington, Kv. He came to Wyandotte "7; sj^ A ^^ County in the spring of 1873, aud at once engaged in farming. At that time the country around here was very wild, and had fews signs of cultivation. Kansas City, Kas.. had only about 2,000 inhabitants, and laud there was worth from $20 to $40 per acre. Now Mr. Stock hoff owns a very valuable farm that comprises 174 acres of land that is vrorth fully $75 per acre, and is a highly respected man, alike in busi- ness and social circles. He has seen all the wonderful " ' booms ' ' that have visited this section of the country in the past, and is well posted as to the desirability of real estate. His estate lies within tive miles of the city limits of Kansas City, Kas., and he is comfortably fixed and has before him the promise of a successful future. In Cincinnati, Ohio, in April, 1873, Mr. Stockhoff was united in marriage with Miss Caroline Winkey, a native of Germany, and who was educated in her native place. To them have been born four children — three daughters and one son — viz. ; Lizzie (aged sixteen), Henry (who is thirteen years old), Eosa (a pretty littlp maiden of eleven summers), and Lena (aged eight years, and the youngest child.) In politics he has always sup- ported the Republican ticket, and cast his first presidential vote in the United States for the "soldier president," Gen. U. S. Grant. Both Mr. and Mrs. Stockhotf are members of the German Lutheran Church, and have by their strict integrity of purpose and natural kindness of heart won many friends during their residence in this township. R. F. Strain, foreman of the saw-mill and box department of Ar- mour Packing House, is one of the progressive and thoroughgoing bus- iness men of Kansas City, Kas. He was born in the Empire State, Rochester, on May 5, 1850, and is of Scotch descent. His father and mother were born in New York State, and there passed their entire lives. The father's name was Duncan Strain. R. F. Strain learned the milling business in Saginaw, Mich., whither he had removed in about 1870, and seven years later he came to Armour and was em- ployed as foreman, superintending the saw business. For four con- secutive years he was with and in the employment of the Hoffman Lumber Company, and during this time was foreman of their business on the east bottoms. They sawed and shipped from this county all of 16,000,000 feet of black walnut lumber, which they shipped to East- ern States and to Europe. Mr. Strain returned to Armour at the end of the four years, and when he first commenced working for them they only made a few short and long clear Cumberland boxes. They are now averaging 5,000 boxes per day. Mr. Strain is a young man of excellent business abilitv, and acumen, and is bound to make his mark ^•■. r ^^ — ^ -^ — "k, iu the world. He is single, and resides at 40 North First Street, politics he is a stanch Republican. James Sullivan, a member of the city council from the First Ward, is a successful coal dealer of Kansas City, Kas., his place of business being at No. 40 Central Avenue. He was born at Paris, Ontario, Can- ada, and came to the States with his parents when a child, l)eing reared chiefly in Northern Michigan, receiving common school advan- tages. Being possessed with a spirit of adventure, and thinking to better his financial condition, he came West in 1869, settling iu the southern portion of the State, but about sixteen years since came to Kansas City, Kas., and up to 1874 resided in that city and Kansas City, Mo. He located here permanently in 1874, and for about six years worked for the Armourdale Packing Company, after which he embarked in the coal business, a calling that has since received Ihe greater part of his attention. He is a man of excellent judgment, and his many excellent qualities have been recognized by the residents of Kansas City, for he was elected a member of the city council in 1881, 1882, 1883, 1885, 1887, 1888 and 1890, and is now discharging the du- ties of the same. He has always been a Democrat in his political views, and while running for the above-named office had no opposition in 1882, 1885 and 1890. He was married in Kansas City, Mo., to Miss Rose Gavin, a native of Ireland. His parents, James and Mary (Sullivan) Sullivan, being also natives of that country, but no relation. Mr. Sullivan is a member of the A. O. U. W. , Twin City Lodge No. 187. John W. Summers is a groceryman of Kansas City, Kas., but was born in Linn County, of this State, December 12, 1866, being a son of William H. and Ann R. (Harris) Summers, the former born in Pittsburgh, Penn. , in 1840, and the latter in West Virginia in 1845. William H. Summers came to Kansas with a married sister when he was only ten or eleven years of age, and after reaching a proper age he pre-empted and improved a farm in Linn County, and throughout the remainder of his life his attention was given to its cultivation. He was married, in 1860, to Miss Ann R. Harris, who bore him four chil- dren, of whom the siibject of this sketch was the third. He was a member of the State Militia during the Rebellion, and for a great many years he held the oflice of constable. He was a Republican politically, and was a man who had the confidence and respect of the community in which he resided, and his death, which occurred in Feb- ruary, 1871, was regretted by all. His wife survives him, and resides on the old home place in Linn County. John W. Summers has relied *7^ ►rr ^ upou bis own exertions for bis clothing and snbsisteuce ever since be was teu years of age, and being desirous of obtaining a good educa- tion he would labor at some remuuerative pursuit diiring the summer mouths and attend school in winter, continuing in this way until 1889, bis last term of school being in the National Business College of Kan- sas City, Mo., in the spring of that year. Ho thus acquired an excel- lent knowledge of the ordinary branches of learning, and this school- ing fitted him for any branch of business in which he might desire to engage. During the winter of 1884-85 he taught school in Sumner County, Kas., and during his vacations he was employed chiefly at the carpenter's trade, though he also at different times gave some attention to the printer's trade. He came to Kansas City, Kas., in 1888, and has considered this place his home ever since. In Decem- ber, 1889, he opened a grocery establishment at No. 1720 Central Avenue as the partner of B. M. Dart, and the firm has since done a prosperous business. He is a young man of excellent habits, business as well as social, and possesses all the elements of a successful busi- ness man. He was married, December 24, 1888, to Miss Bessie M. Dart, a daughter of S. L. Dart of this city. Mr. Summers is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he and his wife are highly respected and liked by all who know them. Eli Swarts, M. D. Among the people of Kansas City, Kas., as well as the surrounding country, the name of Dr. Swarts has become well and favorably known, for he has been au active practitioner of this county since March 20, 1882, and has won an enviable reputation. He was born in Jeromeville, Wayne County, Ohio, July 24, 1835, the eldest of four sons born to Daniel and Hannah (Daniel) Swarts, the former of whom was also born in Wayne County, Ohio, his birth oc- ing November 26, 1810. He was reared to manhood in his native county, following the occupation of farming until after his removal to Indiana, in 1839. at which time he settled on a large tract of wild land in Warren County, which he began improving, erecting a dwelling- house and outbuildings. He was engaged in boat- building, and be- ing the owner of a saw- mill, he prepared his own lumber, and in this way made considerable money. He owned a grist mill also, it being the only one in the county at that day, and this was also an excellent source of revenue to him. After remaining on this farm for some time he sold out and purchased 420 acres of land, of which he was the owner until 1851, when he sold out and moved to Williamsport, going from there to Attica, Ind., soon after, where he was residing at the time of V 836 HISTORY OF KANSAS. his deatli, which occurred on December 29, 1872, he being at that time in comfortable circumstances. His sons are Eli, Cyrus, Daniel and Wintield S. The eldest of this family, Eli, removed with his father to Williamsport, and in this town learned the trade of a baker and confectioner, which calling he followed up to the time of the opening of the war, at which time he enlisted in Company C, Eighty sixth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, under Capt. Dick and Col. Hamilton, and served in the Army of the Cumberland, in Rosecran's Division, taking an active part in the battle of Stone River, where he was quite severely wovinded by a minie ball. He was taken to Hospital No. 18, and at the end of three months was furloughed home, and was afterward transferred to the Second Battalion of Invalid Corps, with headquarters at Indianapolis, Ind. He was afterward discharged on account of his wounds, and returned to Attica, where he remained until 1867, when he went to Illinois, and opened a bakery and confectionery establishment iu Paris, in which business he remained until 1873, when he began the study of medicine in Mattoon, 111., under Dr. A. M. Henry, afterward enter- ing and graduating from the Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, Ohio, receiving his diploma in 1878. He then practiced in Paris un- til the time of his removal to Kansas City, Kas, where he now is a well- known and successful praetioner. He is a member of the State Eclec- tic Medical Association, of Kansas, and was chosen its president in 1886. He has always been a Democrat, and in the I. O. O. F. he has attained to the Encampment, and has represented his lodge in the Grand Lodge of the United States. He was married on March 9, 1856, to Miss Hannah Randall, of Williamport, Ind., she being the seventh daughter of Benjamin O. and Sybil (Weeks) Randall, natives of Vermont and New Hamshire, respectively. Mrs. Swarts was born iu Danville, Vt., February 27, 1834, and in 1836 was taken by her parents to Ohio, and three years later to Franklin County, Ind., whei'e she was reared to womanhood. She has borne Dr. Swarts one son — James A., who was born in Williamsport, Ind., December 30, 1856, and was married December 25, 1879, to Miss Ida Bridges, who afterward died, leaving him with a daughter, Helen. On January 29, 1882, he mar- ried Miss Mary L. Schaak, who was born in Lockport, N. Y., Sep- tember 6, 1865, and by her has two children: James A. and John L. John M. Sweeney, buyer for the Kansas City Packing Comjiauy, was born in Canada, twelve miles from the Falls of Niagara, May 29, 1849, his parents, Alexander and Bridget (Stanton) Sweeney, having been born in Ireland, a short histoi'y of their lives being given in the . g — « ^ *^^ ^ ":r e hy ^1 sketch of Daniel J. Sweeney. Of a family of seventeen children bom to this coupler, the following are living: John M. , Anthony J., Daniel J., James, Thomas, Alexander J. , Mary, Katie. Hugh, Edward, Frank and Frederick W., the eldest three sons being members of the Kansas City Packing Company. The early boyhood of John M. Svreeney was spent in Canada, learning the beef business, but at the age of eighteen years, he was taken to Chicago by his parents, and there spent the rest of his youth, and his earlj' manhood, his time being spent in the trade of a liutcher, a calling he has been connected with all hi.s life. He spent seven years as cattle buyer at Chicago, for the firm of Sweeney & Sons, of which he was one, after which he acted as a sales- man for the firm of Libby, McNeil & Libby, a packing firm of that city for seven years. In 1885 he went to Denver, Colo., but shortly after returned to Chicago, to accept a position with Philip D. Armour, and was manager of his interests in the city of Philadelphia, Penn., nearly three years. He then resigned the position, and came west to Kansas City, Kas., soon after securing a position with the firm of Jacob Dold & Son, and for that firm opened a refrigerator in Phila- delphia, which he managed for a little over a year. He resigned, re- turned to Kansas City, and has since been acting as cattle-buyer for the Kansas City Packing Comjiauy, and has shown excellent judgment in this direction. His marriage to Miss Mary O' Connell, who was born in Jef- ferson City, Mo., May 6. 1858, took place in 1880, and has resulted in the birth of six sons; De Loss, Alexander, Emery John, George An- thony, Joseph Adelford, Frederick Allen, and Bartholomew Francis (twins). Mr. and Mrs. Sweeney are members of the Catholic Church. -" Anthony J. Sweeney is the manager, and one of the directors and stockholders of the Kansas City (Kas.) Packing & Chase Refrigerat ing Companj', and, like his brother, Daniel J., is a native of Canada, his birth occiu'ring July 1, 1851. In 1867 he came with his parents to the United States, and was educated in Bryant & Stratton's Busi- ness College, of Chicago, 111. , in which city his parents had settled, and was graduated from the same in December of that year. The same month he entered the employ of Morris, Waixel & Co., with which firm he remained until the following spring, and then entered the emploj' of John O'Malley, a wholesale beef dealer, as book-keeper, but at the end of two years became an employe of O'Connor & Baynes in the same business, after which the firm changed to Sweeney & Baynes. Anthony J. remained with this firm for six months, and then, in company with his brother John, purchased the interest of 838 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Baynes, and the firm became Sweeney & Sons, it being changed two years later to Sweeney & Co. The subject of this sketch then went to New York City and Boston, and opened branch commission houses for this firm. In the fall of 1873 the above firm commenced shipping dressed beef to the Eastern markets, being one of the pioneers in the dressed-beef trade, which of late years has grown to be such an im- mense busine.ss. In 1875 he gave up business for himself, and for about six months was manager of a slaughter house at Bridgeport, 111., after which he was in the employ of Libby. McNeil & Libby, of Chicago, for some time, but resigning his position, he went to Denver, and embarked in the cattle business which he still continues, being the owner of a cattle and horse ranch, thirty miles from that city. He came to Kansas City, Kas. , in 1887, and the following year worked for the Jacob Dold Packing Company, as Eastern manager for the firm, with his office in Boston, and then for one year held the same position for the Kansas City Packing Company, being now manager of the beef department for the Kansas City Packing & Chase Refrigerating Company. In addition to filling this position, he is a member of the firm of Sweeney, Nathan & Co., of Boston, and is also Eastern man- ager for the Cold Blast Transportation Company Car Line. He is an excellent business man, and very popular with his fellows. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum and the A. O. U. W. ' DanielJ. Sweeney is a stockholder of the Kansas City Packing & Refrigerating Company, and being a man who possesses many sterling business and social qualifications, he is an acquisition to the city in which he resides. He was born in Dundas, Canada, May 8, 1854, his parents, Alexander and Bridget (Stanton) Sweeney, being natives of the Emerald Isle, the former of whom is now a resident of Chicago, III., is in his sixty-seventh year, and for the past thirteen years has been one of the meat inspectors of what is now the second city in the Union. His wife died in this city May 6, 1888, at the age of sixty- three years. Daniel J. Sweeney came to the United States with his parents, seme twentj'-five years since, and settled with them in Chicago, where he was reared and educated, but in 1869 he began the battle of life for himself, being an emploj'e of the firm of Sweeney & Baynes. when that firm was doing business on Kinzie Street. They were ,burned out during the great fire of 1871, and about thirty days later they resumed business on the West Side, near the old Haymarket. Here Daniel J. was head book-keeper for some time. In 1874, when he engaged in the wholesale beef business, under the firm name of •7; f* «♦ M±-=±- ^ — ^t^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 839 Sweeney & Co. . their establishment was a tirst-class one, and continnetl so to be, until July, 1879, when Mr. Sweeney became a salesman for the tirm of Britten & Guth, with whom he remained for some time. In 1887 he came to Kansas City, Kas. , and for some two years was with Jacob Doll, since which time he has been with his present company. He was married in 1883 to Miss Katie Oakey, who was born in Chi- cago, in 1864, and they now have two bright and interesting little chil- dren: Lauretta M. and Edith. Mr. Sweeney is a supporter of Demo- cratic principles, and is a member of the I. O. F. Henry S. Swingley, the subject of this important sketch, in the business circles of Kansas City, Kas., is a gentleman who needs no especial introduction to the populace of the city, nor the surrounding country. Mr. Swingley is the senior member of the well-known tirm of undertakers known as Swingley & Quarles. He is a native of Polo, Ogle County, 111. His father, who was a native of Hagerstown, Md , born in 1817, and well remembers some of his boyhood days, and was a merchant by profession. He is living at present, at the advanced age of seventy-three, and resides in Turner, Wyandotte County, Kas. The mother of Henry S. , Mrs. Anna Mary (Locber) Swingley, was also a native of Maryland. She was a lady of refined tastes, and also an ac- complished musician, having been liberally educated in the select schools of Maryland. She died at the age of sixty -one years. Her remains are interred in Olathe Cemetery, Johnson County, Kas. , where, at her head, rests a beautiful monument, sacred to her memory, erected by her loving sons. Mr. Swingley was the third in a family of twelve children: Elizabeth L. (a resident of Wyandotte County, and the widow of John M. Ainsworth, who was a farmer by avocation), Rosena E. (residing in Morris County, Kas., married to Thomas Barber, who is a stock-raiser), Michael S. (living in Wyandotte County, and mar- ried to Miss Lucy Swingley; he is a manager of the Kaw River Im- provement Company), James J. (single, and in Wyandotte County, is a dealer in general merchandise), Samuel A. (unmarried, and in Old Mexico, is a dealer in stock, and also engaged in mining), Mollie A (wife of Dr. C. L. Burke, a successful physician and surgeon of this county), Frank (died at the age of nineteen, while a college student), Charles E. (a partner with his brother James in this county), Edna E. (the youngest in the family, died at the age of five years). Mr. Swingley's early education was obtained in the common schools of Illi- nois, and completed in the grammar schools of Baltimore, Md., and naturally he is an enthusiast upon the subject of good educational prin ^'^ ^f^ ^ HISTORY OP KANSAS. ciples and schools. He commenced life for himself at the age of twenty years. He started out as an agriculturist, for two years, with his brother; then, after about one year's absence in St. Louis, he and his brother purchased a farm in Wyandotte County, Kas. , which consisted of 200 acres of heavily timbered land. This was purchased as a specu- lation, and these enterprising and thrifty gentlemen furnished some of the principal railroads with ties, and also filled contracts for posts for the famous snow-sheds in the Rocky Mountains, besides furnishing wood and fuel for the Government at the frontier posts. Mr. Swing- ley has had a varied experience as a business man. He opened up a successful career as a real estate dealer in Kansas City, Mo., in the year 1884, and being a bustling and enterprising man, made this a sig- nal success. His biisiness transactions in the real estate circles were recognized among the leading members of the fraternity as solid and responsible in detail. He then disposed of his real estate interests in Kansas City, Mo., and immediately embarked in the livery and under- taking business in Kansas City, Kas. The well-known firm of Swing- ley & Quarles, of which he is a member, have an expert embalmer,who superintends in detail the imdertaking department. Their place of business is located at the corner of Fourth Street and Minnesota Avenue, and their capital amounts to $20,000. The firm is incorporated in the livery and undertaking business. Mr. Swingley has been successful in his chosen avocation above the average. He is a Democrat of the true Jeffersonian stripe, and a man recognized among his constituents as one who stands upon the true principles of Democracy. He cast his first presidential vote for Samuel J. Tilden. He has aimed to sup- port men of principle and honor through life. Mr. Swingley com- menced his official life on a school board of education, as clerk, holding the position for three years. He was a formidable candidate for sherifP of Wyandotte County, Kas., on the Democratic ticket in the year 1883, and though the race which he made was decidedly a commendable one, his opponent defeated him by only sixty four votes of the to- tal vote polled. In 188n he made another race, for the office of regis- ter of deeds, and was defeated by but nineteen votes. The county of Wyandotte being Republican by a majority of 1,300, and the princi- ples which Mr. Swingley siastains being purely Democratic, his popu- larity as a man of integrity and honor will be at once clearly seen. He was a delegate from the Second Congressional District of Kansas to the National Democratic Convention, held in St. Louis, Mo., where Hon. Grrover Cleveland was unanimouslj' nominated for President of " ^ S r- T^ • "V aT^ — ^ .1 WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 841 the United States. He is at present secretary of the Second Congres- sional District of Kansas. He is a member of the Masonic lodge of Kansas City, Kas. , and a member of the K. P. lodge; also a member of the A. O. U. W. He is a devoted member of the Reformed Church, of Kansas City, Mo. He is a gentleman who has been open -handed in the Isenevolences which have been presented him for his worthy con- sideration. Mr. Swingley is single in life, has an extensive business, and is also the owner and proprietor of two excellent farms, lying within five miles of the city limits of this place. He is honored and respected for his honesty of purpose, and considers his word as his bond. Here he will make his future abiding place, where his interests are, and here he will enjoy the esteem of a wide circle of acquaint- ances. J. J. Swingley is the senior member of the well-known general mercantile firm of Swingley Bros., of Turner, Wyandotte County, Kas., and it may be truly remarked that no more honorable or upright business man exists in the county than he. He was born in Ogle County, 111., January 23, 1852, being the fifth of eight children born to Samuel N. and Anna M. (Locher) Swingley, natives of Maryland, the former born October 22, 1817, in Washington County, and the latter in Baltimore, in July, 1824. Mr. Swingley resided in the State of his birth until he attained manhood, and received the advantages of a good common-school education, and also acquired a thorough knowl- edge of mercantile life. In 1843 he became associated in this business with George W. Shearwood & Swingley, the latter being a relative, but afterward headed a party fi'om Maryland, and settled in Ogle County, 111., the land at that time not being in the market. They were instrumental in starting the town of Mount Morris, and here Mr. Swingley remained until 1861. His father, Michael Swingley died herein 1848, his widow passing from life in 1853. While in Illinois, Mr. Swingley was engaged chiefly in farming, and this calling he con- tinued to follow from 1861 to 1881, a farm of 127 acres, which he purchased in 1865, being the scene of his labors. On coming to Wyandotte County, in 1880, he purchased a small farm on a portion of which he founded the town of Turner. He was married in Mary- land in 1842, to Anna Mary Locher, but he was called iipon to mourn her death February 9,1885, she having borne him the following family of children: Elizabeth (wife of John M. Ainsworth), Emma R. (wife of Thomas Barber), Henry S., Michael S., James J. (the subject .of this sketch), Samuel, Mollie (wife of Dr. C. L. Burke), and Charles. J. J. ^1 'k 842 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. Swingley spent his youth in Johnson County, Kas., and besides be- ing an attendant of the common schools of that county, he also took a commercial course in Olathe College, and at the age of twenty-five years became a school teacher, following this calling for two years. At the end of this time he began manufacturing cigars and dealing in domestic and imported tobaccos, but at the end of three years he moved to Turner, and in addition to keeping this class of goods added a gen- eral stock, the post-office of Turner also being held in their store. He is associated in business with a younger brother, Charles E., both of whom are unmarried. He was a member of Company D, of the Na- tional Guards, at Olathe, for five years, and was a member of the crack company, which, during his membership, took part each year in the State conte.st, and was successful in securing the first honors and prizes of the Encampment. Since his residence in Wyandotte County he has taken an active interest in such matters and assisted in drilling the young ladies in the recent Business Men's Carnival in Argentine. He, like his ancestors before him, has always been a Democrat, and has held a number of offices in his township. In 188-t he was ap- pointed postmaster of Turner, a position he is still filling. He is a member of Cincinnati Lodge No. 91, of the K. of P., of Argentine, and has held different offices in this order, among which was chan- cellor commander. In February, 1887, he was commissioned notary public, and in 1888 tilled the unexpired term of A. A. Lovelace, as county commissioner, and in the fall of that year made the race for the office against John Steffens, but was defeated by a majority of thirteen. He is an earnest member of the Congregational Church. Albert G. Talbott, real estate broker. The magnitude of the real estate interests of Kansas City, Kas., and the incessant activity in the market, have enlisted the services of manj' of her most responsible, sagacious and honorable citizens, and among the number is Mr. Tal- bott, whose life, like that of all truly self-made men, has been very interesting, and a few facts connected therewith will not be out of place. When only twelve years of age, he left his home in Indiana, and embarked for the gold regions of California, via New York and the Isthmus of Panama, and upon reaching the " Eldorado of America " he at once began to look about him for something to do. He some- time afterward engaged in mining, and in a short time young Talbott had accumulated a handsome amount of money. He then went to San Francisco and engaged in the money broker business, his office being at 84 Montgomery Street, Brannan's Block, and here he remained until *7i*- ■»V ^: k. 1 WYANDOTTE COUNT V. 843 he lost ill mining stocks 8150,000. This was the needed impetus to cause him again to strike out for a more congenial and healthful climate, and this time he tinally turned up in the gold-bearing regions of Idaho, where he soon after conceived the idea of building a good mountain wagon-road from Boise City, in the valley of Boise River, to Idaho City, in the mountains, and acting upon this idea, he at once set to work to secure a charter from Ada County, of which Idaho City was the county seat, for a toll road running twenty years, from Boise to Idaho Cities. On March 4, 1865, he hired his men and teams, and by May 1, 1865, he had completed and thrown open to the public as fine a wagon-road as could have been found in any mountainous coun- try. By the 1st of November following, he had paid for the building of the road, and had $20,000 left, to show the correctness of his judg- ment. In November, 1865, a fire swept the business portion of Idaho City, and Mr. Talbott, seeing that he had made the bulk of profit out of the road, sold it to Henry Greathouse, of the Oregon & Idaho Stage Company. Being then possessed of a desire to see once more an entirely civilized section of the United States, he started eastward, leaving Boise City for Fort Benton with twenty wagons and teams in April, I860, and on May 12 arrived at the latter place. On May 14 he took passage on the fir.st return boat of the season, steamer " St. John," of St. Louis, for Omaha, Neb., and here, following the advice of some old school friends, he made investments which resulted in the loss of nearly all his hard-earned money. He then decided to seek fresh fields, and immediately took passage on a steamer bound south, and visited nearly all the southern cities of any importance. In February, 1868, while in New Orleans, meditating whether to go back to Cali- fornia or return North, be decided to trust to chance, and taking a copper cent from his pocket he tossed it up, saying, " Heads up, I go to California; tails up, I go to Leavenworth, Kas." Tails came up, and on April 1 he took a steamer for the latter place, and in a short time had made many friends and acquaintances in Leavenworth. He was given a position on the old Leavenworth Bulletin, and was one of the men who rendered most valuable service on that paper when A. Caldwell was brought out and elected United States Senator, from Leavenworth, in 1872. When the Times and Bulletin were merged in the spring of 1872, he became its advertising man, and after the paper was purchased by Col. D. R. Anthony, he was retained and soon after jsromoted to the position of business manager of the paper. In this position he displayed much abilitj^, but becoming ^•vh 844 HISTORY OF KANSAS. wearied of a constantly confining position, be, in October, 1878, re- signed, and started for tbe soutbwest portion of Kansas, and for some time was engaged in tbe land and insurance business, in Edwards County. After a year of prosperity be lost all be bad, and as tbe outlook for tbe future was not promising, be immediately pulled up stakes and started for Wyandotte, wbicb place be reacbed on April 14, 1880. He at once took a position under L. H. Wood, and after remaining witb bim six montbs, be became a member of tbe firm of Wood & Talbott, and tbey conducted a general real estate and insur- ance business. In 1882 be sold bis interest to bis partner, and took a posi- tion as special agent for Kansas for tbe " Continental " Fire Insurance of New York, and after traveling over tbe State constantly for tbree years, be resigned bis position on account of ill bealtb, and again, in 1884, engaged in tbe real estate and insurance business, a calling wbicb bas since received bis attention, and it may be truly said tbat be bas sold more land adjacent to tbe city, and a greater number of lots and city property, than any otber one man ia tbe consolidated cities of Kansas City, Kas. Having grown up witb tbe many great property cbanges, and baving manipulated so many sales and pur- cbases, bis good judgment is said to be second to none on values, and be is daily asked to pass judgment on all classes of values. He is doing a substantial business, and bas tbe entire confidence of all wbo know bim. He pays every attention to tbe interests of non-residents, wbo botb seek investments in tbe great metropolis of Kansas, and wbo desire some reliable person to take cbarge of and look after their al- ready secured interests. Parties wbo wish to invest, or have invested, will receive tbe utmost attention from Mr. Talbott, and will leam tbat be is truly tbe right man in the right place. In 1884 be was elected a member of tbe Republican State Central Committee, and was chosen one of tbe five of tbe Executive Committee to plan and manage tbe State campaign which elected John Martin, of Atchison, governor. Since be attained bis majority, be has at all times taken an active part in politics, and bas wielded a great influence in city and county affairs. He is an enthusiastic admirer of the old Whig party, and believes tbat no party can maintain America's free and liberal Government but the Republican party of to-day. W. H. Taylor, of English birth and a man yet fairly in the prime of life, learned the machinist's trade in his native country, and was there married. Emigrating to America, be located at Evansville, Ind., where for a number of years be was employed as superintendent in the ':F7=^ " ^^=^F ^^=^ '. -"— ^ l^> shops of the first railroad at that point. Daring the fifties he and a partner brought a grist-mill to Quindaro, which they operated for a time, but which, owing to a lack of patronage, proved a losing venture. Mr. Taylor then went to Leavenworth, and was master mechanic in the shops of the railroad company there that at that time operated only two engines. For ten or twelve years he remained at that place, then engaged in agricultural pursuits, but later again resumed railroading, occupying the same position he formerly held. For the past number of years he has farmed, and throughout all his diversified career it can be said that he has made a success. Recently he sold thirteen acres from his farm to a pressed brick company, and it now produces some of the finest brick manufactured. Mr. Taylor has four sons and a wife living, and the family are among the well-known and respected families of the county. William B. Taylor is one of the influential residents of Kansas City, Kas. , and is the present commissioner of elections in that place. He was born in Ellenville, Ulster County, N. Y., December 30, 1855, and like all native New Yorkers he is enterprising, industrious, intelligent and public spirited. His parents, Richard B. and Rachel A. (Brod- head) Taylor were born in Franklin County, Mass., March 29, 1822, and Ulster County, N. Y., March 1, 1829, respectively. The paternal grandfather, William Taylor, was born in the "Bay State," and his father, William Taylor, was a captain in the Revolutinary War. The maternal grandparents, William and Susan Brodhead were born in New York State, their ancestors having been residents of that State for several generations and among its leading families. Richard and Ra- chel Taylor were married March 22, 1851, and William B. Taylor, the subject of this sketch, is their only child. The father was a journal- ist by profession, and after locating in Kansas City, Kas., in July, 1858, he became connected with the Wyandotte Gazette, and in 1860 became its sole proprietor. He conducted it very successfully until his death, which occurred March 24, 1877, being still survived by his widow, her home being now with her sou William B. The latter has resided in Kansas City ever since he was two years old, and his early educational training was received in the public schools of the city, and in the State Agricultural College at Manhattan, Kas. In 1877 he graduated from the Law Department of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. Upon the day he graduated, his father died, and instead of entering upon the practice of his profession as he had intended, he was obliged to take charge of the paper which his father had so long edited. He ^^ 846 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. edited and published the Gazette until October, 1879, when he sold the establishment to Messrs. Armstrong & Meyer, and he has since given his attention principally to mercantile pursuits and to the man- agement of his real estate interests which are somewhat extensive. In March, 1889, he was appointed commissioner of elections for Kansas City, by Gov. Humphrey, and his term of office will expire in March, 1893. On November 17, 1879, he was married to Miss Flora Cook, the only child of the late Henry W. Cook of this city. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor have three children: Ethel C, Mabel B. and Kachel. Mr. Taylor is an enthusiastic Mason, especially in the higher degrees of the order, and was for several years eminent commander of Ivanhoe Commandery No. 21, K. T. He also belongs to the order of the Mystic Shrine. He has always been an ardent supporter of Re- publican principles, and is influential in the councils of his party. Although a young man he is one of the pioneer residents of the town, and is one of her wide-awake and public-spirited citizens. While the Wyandotte Gazette was in the hands of his father, the late Hon. K. B. Taylor, it was one of the leading journals of the State, and was one of the first papers to be printed in the same. Mr. Taylor, Sr., was the first president of the Kansas Editorial Association, and of the Kansas Historical Association. He was also a member of the State Legisla- ture, and occupied other positions of trust and responsibility; and his name is indissolubly linked with the memory of the struggle of the earlier settlers of Kansas, the story of whose heroic achievements will ever adorn some of the brighest pages in the history of the Sunflower State. Prof. Edward F. Taylor, superintendent of Wyandotte County Pub- lic Schools, Kansas City, Kas. In including in this work sketches of the lives of prominent young men, it would be an omission to be regretted not to include an outline, at least, of the life of Mr. Taylor, who has been a resident of Wyandotte County since 1869. He was born in Will County, 111., in 1868, and is a son of David G. and Sarah F. (Franklin) Taylor, natives of New York and Iowa, respectively. The father is a farmer by occupation and is held in high esteem by all acquainted with him. Edward F. Taylor came with his parents to Wyandotte County, Kas., in 1869, and after attending the district schools for a number of terms, and the Wyandotte Academy a couple of years, taught school for two more years. After this he entered the State Normal at Emporia, Kas., and there remained one year. He has fol- lowed the teacher's profession ever since, and is one of the most l^ jdi h^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 847 prominent and successful iustiuctors in the county. He taugbt first in the ungraded schools and later became principal of the graded school at Edwardsville, where he remained for some time. He then came to Kansas City, Kas., and was first assistant in what is now Woodstreet School for one year. After this he was promoted to prin- cipal of Everett School, where he remained one year, being promoted to the charge of the commercial department of the high school of Kan- sas City, and by virtue of the position first assistant of the high school. He was selected school superintendent of Wyandotte County, in the fall of 1888, by the largest majority ever recorded in the county, and still holds the position. His career in this position has been so well known to the citizens of Wyandotte County that we feel it un- necessary to add any words of commendation; to say that he has filled the office in a capable and satisfactory manner expresses a truth all will support. His marriage with Miss Carrie H. Holbrook was consummated in Kansas City, Kas., in 1888. Mr. Taylor is a mem- ber of Wyandotte Lodge No. 3, A. F. & A. M. ; of Myrtle Lodge No. 1, K. of P., and of Mendias Chapter, O. E. S. G. A. Taylor. The Argentine Bank was organized and opened for business February 1, 1887, with Mr. G. A. Taylor as its cashier and manager, which position he still holds, the owners and proprietors be- ing n" McAlpine, G. A. Taylor and J. F. Barker. The bank is now one of the best established in the county, and has an individual re- sponsibilitv of $1,500,000. Mr. G. A. Taylor was born in Geneva, Walworth' County, Wis., August 9, 1864. He was reared on his father's farm, and in addition to a common- school education attended the Wyandotte Academy and the State Normal School, in this State. He came to Wyandotte County, Kas., with his parents, in 1870, and after finishing his education, taught school in Wyandotte County for four years. He holds one of the highest grade certificates ever issued by Kansas City, Kas. He then entered the Armourdale Bank, which was the first bank in Armourdale, and was controlled by N. Mc- Alpine, A. W. Little and G. A. Taylor. The capital of said bank being paid to Mr. G. A. Taylor, as assistant cashier, as he was the best acquainted with the people of the community. His character and business ability, for a young man, have but few equals, and his reputation as an honest, conscientious young man is widely known and recognized. He resigned his connection and sold his interest in the Armourdale Bank in January, 1887, to organize the Argentine Bank, which he opened February 1, as has l)een stated. He occupies a most re- ^1 848 HISTORY OF KANSAS. sponsible position in his community, and Las the unbounded confidence of all who know him. He was married, August 20, 1889, to Miss Edith B. Ainsworth, the only daughter of Mrs. E. L. Ainsworth, of Turner, Kas., who has been a resident of Wyandotte County for more than twenty years. Mr. Taylor is a Knight Templar Mason, and is also a member of the K. of P., and O. I. H. His parents, David G. and Sarah F. Taylor, were natives of New York and Iowa, respectively. His father is a successful agriculturist, and resides in Wyandotte Township, Wyandotte County, Kas. Theodore Teepen, grocer. Among those prominently identified with the retail grocery trade at Kansas City, Kas., is Mr. Teepen, who ojiened his establishment some five years ago, and during the period that has since elapsed, a large trade has been built up which is con- stantly increasing. He was born in Lingen, Prussia, April 2, 1844, to Theodore and Sene Teepen who spent their entire lives in Prussia. The father was a blacksmith by trade and this calling he followed all his life with the exception of seven years which were spent in the German military service. The father of these children died in 1858 and the mother in 1875, their children being as follows: Jacob, Ger- hard, Hermann, Barney, Sene and Theodore. Hermann, Barney and Theodore are the only ones now living, the first named being a resident of his native land, and the two latter of Kansas City, Kas. Theodore Teepen attended school in his native land until he was fourteen years of age, and as soon as he became old enough, when not in school, he assisted his father in the blacksmith shop. After the father's death, which occurred about the time Theodore left school, he began working as a journeyman at blacksmithing, and this occupation continued to follow until he reached the age of twenty-one. In 1866 he went to Holland, where he followed his trade for nearly a year, but in the spring of 1867 he started for America, crossing the English Channel to Hull, England, and there boarding a train for Liverpool, at which place he embarked for the United States. In due season he landed at New York City, and at once started for the West, but stopped when he reached Cincinnati, Ohio, where, for three years, he was employed as a car inspector. In the spring of 1870 he came to Kansas and located in Wyandotte, which place has been his home ever since. He continued in the capacity of car inspector for about fifteen years, being in the employ of the Kansas Pacific road seven years, and the Union Pacific eight years. In June, 1885, he established a grocery store and meat- market at Nos. 813 and813| Minnesota Avenue, and his entire atten- ^7=^ lyH ^1 WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 849 tion has since been given to their management. By reason of his long residence and wide acquaintance here before he engaged in business, it took him only a short time to build up a good trade, and it has steadily increased until he now has a lirst-class patronage. His place of business embraces two departments, one of which contains a first- class stock of groceries and the other a clean and well conducted meat- market. Mr. Teepen's well established good citizenship, and his desire to satisfy the public have made his place of business a popular one. He is honorable in every worthy particular, a substantial citizen, and he, his wife and family are among the most highly respected of the German citizens of this place. Mary Pueniug who was born in Prussia, January 25, 1850, became his wife on February 2, 1871. She came to America in 1868, and her union with Mr. Teepen has re- sulted in the birth of six children: Henry, Josephine, Theodore, Mary, Aloysius and Anna. Josephine and Anna, only are living. Mr. and Mrs. Teepen and daughters are members of the Catholic Church. Mrs. Teepen's parents, William and Mary Elizabeth (Beekman) Puen- ing, were native Germans, the former dying on February 1, 1863. The latter is still living, as are also five of the six children she bore her husband: Louisa, Mary, Caroline, Josephine and Anna. Frank died in his fourteenth year. The father of Mrs. Teepen was a tailor by trade, but during the early part of his life spent several years in the military service. Mrs. Teepen is the only one of her father's family that came to the United States, this being in 1868. After spending a year and a half in Cincinnati, Ohio, where she and Mr. Teepen became acquainted, they were manied and came West. Josephine, their eldest daughter is a graduate of Mount St. Mary's Convent, near Leaven- worth, Kas., her birth having occurred on October 25, 1873. Henry was born on December 17, 1872, and died December 18, 1872. Theodore was born December 4, 1875, and died of spinal meningitis, after an illness of twenty-four hours, September 12, 1886. Mary was born March 10, 1878, and died April 30, 1879. Aloysius was born April 2, 1880, and died April 3, 1880, Anna was born March 9, 1881. William Telker, farmer. Bethel, Kas. Mr. Telker is only one of the many prominent citizens of foreign birth now residing in Wy- andotte County, who by their industry and perseverance have become successful in their different callings. He was born in Hanover on July 13, 1850, and is the son of Henry Telker, who was a mechanic and farmer in the old country. The father reared four sons: George, Henry, Herman, and William, our subject, being the youngest of the 850 HISTORY OF KANSAS. family, and of these Herman is living in Cincinnati, engaged in the commission business. The other two, George and Henry, still remain in the old country. The father died about eighteen years ago. Will- iam Telker grew to manhood in Germany, attended the schools of that country for about eight years, and after his school days were over he worked for two years for his father. At the age of nineteen years he came to America to escape the military duties imposed upon him, and landing in Baltimore, he went on to Cincinnati. Making his home there, he worked at the furniture business, working at one place live years, and at another sis years. On February 27, 1878, he came to Wyandotte, bought a farm of forty-six acres, and afterward bought ten acres more. This he improved, then sold out and bought seventy acres, where he now resides, to which he added forty acres more, which makes him a nice little farm of 110 acres. He bought the farm owned by old man Ketchum and son. a Delaware Indian. Mr. Telker does a general farming business, but is gradually converting it into a fruit farm. He was married in Cincinnati on September 29, 1874, to Miss Minnie Striehtmann, a native of Cincinnati, and of the five children born to them three of them are sons and two daughters: Alma (fifteen), Herman (thirteen), Otto (eleven), John (nine), and Ida (five years of age). Mr. Telker and wife are members of the German Lutheran Church. In politics he leans toward the Republican party, but in local politics he votes for the man coming to this State a poor man. Mr. Telker has made all he has by industry and good management. Dr. Asa Peaslee Teuney is one of the ablest physicians of Wyan- dotte County, Kas., and possesses a full share of the public patronage, having the full confidence of his patrons. He was born in Concord, N. H. , September 21, 1833, and was a son of Rev. Asa Peaslee Ten- ney, a Congregational minister, who, for thirty-four years was pastor of a church at that place. He was a native of Newbury, Vt. , a son of Jonathan Tenney, the first members of the family coming from England. Dr. Asa Peaslee Tenney was the second of six children — three sons and three daughters — one son and two daughters being now deceased. His advantages for acquiring a good education were excellent, and after reaching his twenty-third year he took up the study of medicine, and in the fall of that year went to Boston, where he studied two years under the preceptorship of Dr. John F. Jarvis, afterward taking three courses of lectures in the Harvard Medical Col- lege, graduating March 3, 1859. Meanwhile, in 1858, he was ap- pointed assistant physician of the Boston Lunatic Hospital, which «?!« ^ -^ »fV ^\b WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 851 positioa he held for about a year and a half, continuing his medical studies under the direction of Dr. Clement A. Walker, of Boston. In the fall of 1859 he was appointed assistant physician of the Illinois State Hospital for the insane of Jacksonville, 111., but after filling this position very acceptably for five years, he returned to Concord, N. H. , and there practiced his profession for three years, but at the end of that time returned to Illinois, and settled at Bloomington, where he eventually built up a large practice. In 1877 he was appointed superintendent of the Insane Hospital, at Osawatomie, Kas., but at the end of one year he settled in Atchison, remaining there until he received the appointment of superintendent of the Insane Hospital, at Topeka, and held this position two years. In 1885 he located in Kan- sas City. Kas. , where he has become widely and favorably known. The Doctor" was married on September 21, 1863, to Miss Minerva Tenney, of Binghamton, N. Y., by whom he has had four children; Only two of whomj^Emily and Edwin Roy, are living. Edward, the first-born, died in infancy; Walter H., the second died in Atchison, Kas., aged twelve years. The Doctor and his wife are consistent members of the Congregational Church, and he is a Mason, and has attained to the Knight Templar's degree in that order, and has also reached the four- teenth degree in the Scottish Rite. He is also an Odd Fellow, and a K. of P. He belongs to the examining board for pensions, and is at present surgeon for the Missouri Pacific Railroad. He belongs to the Eastern District Medical Society and the Kansas State Medical Society. Rev. Augustus H. Tevis, A. M., M. D., D. D. The scholarly subject of this sketch is a native of Rush County, Ind., born on his father's farm May 13, 181], and was the ninth child of a family of three sons and seven daughters, five of whom are now dead. His par- ents were Dr. Daniel H. and Phoeba (Scott) Tevis, the former having been a large and lucrative practice. He (Dr. Daniel H.) was born in Bracken Countv, Ky., and was quite a scholar as a linguist, being proficient in both Latin and Greek. The elder Dr. Tevis died in 1858, and his widow in 1862, both of whom are buried in Rush County, Ind. After his father's death, the management of the extensive farm- ing operations, embracing several large farms, left by him, all de- volved on Augustus H., then only seventeen years old. In 1860 he entered Asbury L'niversity, at Greencastle, Ind., then under the con- trol of Bishop Bowman. Early in the beginning of the civil troubles, however, yoimg Tevis left college, to volunteer like a true patriot, and 4 4* 852 HISTORY OF KANSAS. aid in suppressing the Rebellion. He enlisted in September, 1861, and became second lieutenant in Company H, Thirty-seventh Indiana Volunteers. He was in active service for over three years, participat- ing in many hard battles, fights and skirmishes, including Stone River, New Hope Church, Resaca, before Atlanta, and numerous others. At Stone River he was slightly wounded, and soon after was promoted to a first lieutenancy. He was mustered out in November, 1864, and soon re-entered the same institution he had left to join the army. In the close of 1868 he was graduated therefi'om, and in due course was honored with the degree of A. M. On August 6, following, he married Sallie A. Webster, daughter of Dr. E. Webster, of Connersville. Ind. Two daughters have been born to this union. Dr. Tevis' first charge as pastor was that of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Liberty, Union County, Ind., he having received the degree of D. D., it having been conferred upon him by the celebrated McKendree College at Lebanon, 111. Following this he was stationed at Wooster and Tay- lorville, and was next elected as superintendent of city schools at Madison, Ind., where he served one year. His conference then sent him to Palestine; thence again to Peru, from which latter charge he was transferred, by Bishop Peck, to Carson City, Nev. , where he re- mained two years, and was chaplain both of the Legislature and of the State prison. It was while there he went into print as an author, and wrote his "Jesuitism, the Bible and the Schools," and also his "Beyond the Sieras," published by Lippincott & Co., of Philadelphia. He also corresponded for various newspapers and literary journals. Santa Barbara, Cal., was his next charge, and from thence he went to San Diego. The ill health of his family necessitated his return to Indiana in 1879, and he having already read medicine studiously, en- tered the medical college at Indianapolis, from which he soon after graduated as M. D. He was then sent by Bishop Wiley to Spring- field, Mo., where he was pastor of Grace Methodist Episcopal Church till the spring of 1883, when he retired therefi-om. He was placed in charge of the Summit Street Methodist Ejjiscopal Church at Kansas City, Mo., occupying the pulpit of this church one year, when, in 1886, he made a change from the St. Louis to the Kansas Conference, where he accepted the pastorate of the Kansas Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church at Atchison, Kas., remaining in charge of this church for three years, accepting, in October, 1889, the charge of the Washington Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, Kansas City, Kas., where he is still pastor. Besides his more solid literary attainments, Dr. Tevis has M« — ^ ^■ ,[> WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 853 paid considerable attention to art, and is qnite proficient in music and painting, and has bis home decorated with a number of paintings, in- dicative of true art, produced by himself and wife. He has had many of his sermons published, which rank him high as a theologian. He has published a book of considerable merit on infidelity, considered in relation to its evil effects, as contrasted with Christianity. Had it not been for the assassination of President Garfield Dr. Tevis would doubt- less have received the appointment to the Jerusalem consulate, for which he had received the recommendation of most public men of Washington. Zealous in his ministerial work, fully imbued with a love for mankind and a hearty desire for their spiritual and mental elevation, always a student, and given to habits of indefatigable re- search, Dr. Trevis is one of those rare men who constitute a valuable requisition to any community, while the high social qualities of himself and wife render their companionship in the keenest sense enjoyable, and win them hosts of friends wherever they are known. The Doctor is an active Prohibitionist in principle, and a Republican in politics. John A. Textor, farmer and horticulturist, Kansas City, Kas. Of those of foreign birth now residing in Wyandotte County, Kas., none are more industrious and enterprising than those of German descent. Mr. Textor, one of the prominent, and much esteemed citizens of the county, owes his nativity to Bavaria, Germany, his birth occurring near the old city of Minchen, April 23, 1848, and needs but little in- troduction to the people of Wyandotte County. He emigrated from his fatherland when but five years of age, and landed with his parents in New York City, where he spent three years. After this he spent two years and a half in Philadelphia, from there he went to St. Louis, thence to Clinton County, 111., where he remained sis years, and then re- turned to St. Louis, where he made his home until 1876, when he emigrated to Wyandotte County, Kas. He was the eldest of twelve children— six sons and six daughters— six of whom are living at the present time, viz. : Johanna (resides in Wyandotte County, and is the wife of Albert Garnier, who is a successful horticulturist), Chriscentia (resides in St. Louis, and is the wife of Earnest Kearcher, who is a merchant there), Eosina (resides in Philadelphia, Penn., and is the wife of George Daenzer, who is a showcase manufacturer at that place). Frances (resides in Philadelphia, and is a dressmaker by occu- pation), and George (resides in St. Louis, married Miss Lena Trapp, and is a tine musician). The father of these children was also a native of Germany, and was a brewer by trade. He is now deceased, and his *7: 9 fy 854 HISTORY OF KANSAS. remains are interred in St. Louis, Mo. The mother, who was also a native of Germany, is also deceased. Both were well educated. The father was a great student and reader, was unusually well educated, and was a fine conversationalist. He was a great traveler; had been all over Russia, Germany, Switzerland, France, Holland, and spent about eight years in going from one country to the other. John A. Textor received his early education in the public schools, and after- ward took a full course in Jones' College in St. Louis. He was a rectifier of spirits by profession, and carried on this business for four years at a large salary. He started out for himself at the age of twenty-four years with limited means, but with a willing pair of hands, and a business tact and acumen which were his guiding stars to his signal success in life. He married Miss AnnaBenz, a native of Baden, Germany, born September 1, 1849, in St. Louis, in September, 1873. She was educated in the German language in Baden, and is also well educated in the English language. To this union has been born one little son, Edward Frederick, who is now six years of age. Mr. Textor has always been identified with the Eejiublican party, has been an active politican in his township, and his influence is percep- tibly felt over the entire township. He is a gentleman who has always endeavored to exercise his franchise for men of principle and honor. Mr. Textor was deputy sheriff of Wyandotte County, for a term of two years," and he admirably filled this position to the satisfaction of all his friends and his party. He is chairman of the Wyandotte Township Central Committee, has held this important post for four years, and has been an active member of the Board of Education, in his district for nine years. When he first entered the office the district was in debt $140, and besides this they were compelled to borrow $160 for teacher' s salary. Mr. Textor is at present clerk of the board, and the district has erected new outbuildings, put in new furniture, repaired the house, and have about $1,100, in the treasurer's hands, thus show- ing the excellent ability Mr. Textor has as a man of business, and also shows that the utmost confidence has been placed in him throughout. Mr. Textor is a member of the I. O. O. F., and has been since he was twenty- two years of age. He is of the opinion that the Farmers' Al- liance is a great move for the interests of the farmers, if they will only cling together. Mr. and Mrs. Textor are devout members of the German Catholic Church, in Wyandotte, Kas., and they have contrib- uted to all benevolent and charitable callings which have been before their worthy consideration. When he first came here Mr. Textor pur- r ^i 14 "V^ ^ -^ 1 WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 855 chased twenty-eight acres of land at 145 per acre, and this property lies at the present time within a distance of two miles of the city limits of Kansas City, Kas. When he first came here his present beautiful and valuable farm was a perfect wilderness and thicket, the only habi- tation to lie seen being an old Indian hut. Wyandotte City contained a population of scarcely 700. Mr. Textor is a very industrious citizen, and has beautified his tine property to such an extent, that it is one of the most valuable on Minnesota Avenue. He values his land at $1,000 per acre, but does not care to sell. His place of residence is near or will be in the limits of the city at no distant day. His residence is neat and comfortable, and his outbuildings are commodious and sub- stantial. He is a model farmer and horticulturist, aod among the leading varieties of fruit raised on his place are the following: Apples, cherries, peaches, pears, plums, crab-apples, etc., and in small fruit he has strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, currants and standard va- rieties of grapes. Besides this he raises a great many of the standard vegetables. Mr. and Mrs. Textor have witnessed the wonderful growth made in the country in the time they have been here, and in their own place they have made many and vast improvements. The best of this is that they have made it all by their own efforts, and by hard labor and great perseverance. Here they expect to make their future home, where, surrounded by friends, who hold them in high esteem, they will pass the remainder of their days. George Tbiret, farmer and horticulturist, Kansas City, Kas. Mr. Thiret resides on Section 1, Wyandotte Township, Wyandotte County, and is recognized as one of the leading farmers and horticulturists of the county. His farm is situated three miles west of Kansas City, and consists of 116 acres of mostly improved land. Mr. Thiret owes his nativity to Pennsylvania, his birth occurring near Pittsburgh, Feb- ruary 21, 1845, and is the youngest of four children: John M. (married, resides in Pennsylvania, and is a carpenter and joiner by trade), Cath- erine (died at the age of about forty years, was married), and Nich- olas (who is a blacksmith and mechanic by trade, and also resides in Pennsylvania). The father was a native of Bavaria, and was a farmer by occupation. He died at the age of eighty-six years. The mother was also a native of Germany, and died in 1860, at the age of sixty years. George Thiret received his education in the common schools of Pennsylvania, and started out for himself at the age of sixteen, with limited means, but with a strong pair of hands and a willing heart. He first engaged in the creamery business at Allegheny City, Penn., but -»^, _ 1^ ^^4* — ^ -' — ^ u^ afterward went to South Bend, Ind. , and thence to Chicago, where he was salesman in a grocery for seven years. After this he embarked in railroading at Omaha, Neb., for the Union Pacific Railroad, and from there went to Kansas City, Mo. He left there after a short time and again started out railroading on the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Eailroad. April 30, 1872, Mr. Thiret was married to Miss L. A. Mad- dox, a native of Indiana, who received her education in the common schools, and who is a lady of culture and refinement, and has stood firmly beside her husband through all hard trials, and always willing to do her share. To them was born one daughter, Josephine, who is an accom- plished young lady, and quite proficient in music and penmanship. She attended the common schools, then took a course of higher instruc- tion, and is a young lady of most excellent attributes of character. Mr. Thiret has always identified himself with the Democratic party, except one time, when he advocated the Greenback principles, since then he has upheld the true principles of Democracy. He cast his first presidential vote for Hon. Horatio Seymour, of New York. He is at present Wyandotte Township treasurer, and for three years has been road supervisor of Bulick highways. He is a gentleman who has at heart every enterprise which tends to develop his country. He has been a member of the I. O. O. F., at Kansas City, Kas., and a member of the Farmers' Alliance. Although he has not been an ultra-partisan in politics, he has at all times exercised his right of franchise in a di- rection which would support men of principle and honor. Mr. Thiret was born and reared in the Lutheran Church, and Mrs. Thiret is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They are respecters and supporters of the principles of religion which elevate to higher and nobler aspirations. Mr. and Mrs. Thiret emigrated to Wyandotte County, Kas., direct from Chicago, without a dollar, and began life in this new country. Here they have worked together with great indus- try and economy, which are the highest commendable attributes of praise. They have a beautiful home, and Mr. Thiret is an extensive fruit-grower, shipping a great deal of his fruit North. He has twenty acres in small fruit, such as strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, and also has a vineyard of five and a half acres of fifty different varieties, the most prominent for market being: Concord, Goethe, Elvira and Champion, and has thirty acres in orchard of the finest leading vari- eties of apples. He supplies the home markets in grapes, and takes great pride in showing the products of his farm at most all the princi- pal fairs in the West, and he always takes the first premiums, and has .^ Ab WYANDOTTE COOKTY. 857 ever done his part in proudly advertising his county with his exhibits. The fruit farm which he owns, and which is so valuable, was a wilder- ness when he and Mrs. Thiret bought their land, and it shows with what an effort they have cleared and improved their present valuable property. Mr. Thiret claims Wyandotte County to be one of the best counties in the State for fruits of all kinds, and is well rewarded for his hard labor now. Mr. Thiret will dispose of eighty acres of his choice farm land at a price which would guarantee true satisfaction, since he expected to make the fruit business his future avocation, and will not need so much land. Mr. Thiret relates, in a very interesting manner, the terrible grasshopper scourge in 1875, when nearly every- thing was eaten by the pest, and the trials and vicissitudes which he and his family passed through would fill a volume. Aside from their property here they are the owners of four nice building and business lots in Armourdale, now part of Kansas City, Kas., and three lots in Old Kansas City, Kas. They expect to make their future home where they now reside, and are comfortably established, and expect to see Kansas City, now the metropolis of Kansas, the leading city of the Southwest before many years. Mr. Thiret is a friend and supporter of all good educational institutions, and is a representative citizen of the county, and always is willing to lend a hand to promote the indus- tries and welfare of his county. R. B. Thomas, secretary and treasurer of the Consolidated Iron Works, Kansas City, Kas., is a gentleman of sterling worth and integrity, and respected in all circles. The above large plant was established at Second and Nebraska Avenues January 1, 1889, under the firm name of C. K. Griffith & Co. , and in February of the same year was destroyed by tire, the insurance being only $1,000. Inside of four weeks they had rebuilt at Oakland and Third Streets, at a cost of $10,000, under the name of the Griffith & Thomas Co., and were in running order. They have met with extraordinary success, their trade beginning with a product of three tons daily, and has increased so rapidly that they were compelled to build an additional plant in Cypress Bottom, corner Central Avenue and Fourth Street. A stock company was organized, now known as the Consolidated Iron AA orks Company. The firm consists of the following individuals: C. R. Griffith, Jr., president, and R. B. Thomas as secretary and treasurer. They make a specialty of elevator castings, sash weights, hitch weights, brick kiln castings, railroad castings, cast washers, grate bars and a general line of castings. They handle the home trade and have If r •^^ ik established a large trade in the Southern, Northern and Western States. Their capital stock is $30,000 paid up. They use up all the tin scraps and all kinds of old cans, using the tin cuttings from, the packing-houses for the manufacture of ordinary castings. A finer grade of iron is used for their general castings. They employ about 100 men, and have an output of twelve tons per day, with a value of $125,000 to $150,000, and a rapid increase. The stock is earning good dividends. They assist the home industries by patronizing the home banks, etc., and consider this city as one of the future manu- facturing centers. R. B. Thomas has been engaged in this business for a period of two years, coming from New York City. His birth occurred in Brooklyn May 11, 1865, and he was reared to manhood in the Empire State, receiving his education in the Brooklyn schools. At the age of fourteen years he commenced life for himself as an office boy in the Long Island Eailroad office in Long Island City, N. Y., and was promoted from time to time until he became secretary to the general superintendent of said road, having full charge of said department. He also has held the position of private secretary to the general auditor and first vice president of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company at Boston, and secretary to the president of the New York & Northern Railway Company, Col. Joel B. Ear- hardt, who is now collector of the port of New York. Since Mr. Thomas has been West, he has had the honor of being tendered the position of secretary to Col. Earhardt as collector of the port, but his financial and business ties in the West prevented his accepting. His parents, Evan P. and Emma M. (Griffith) Thomas, were natives of New York. The father was in the wholesale dry goods business in New York City and was quite a wealthy citizen. He died in 1878, leaving a widow and three children: Everett V. and William G. Our subject, R. B. Thomas, was married in 1887 to Miss Mary Titus Broas, a native of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and the only child of ex- Assemblyman Benjamin S. Broas, of that city. In his political views Mr. Thomas is a Democrat, but is non-partisan in his local elec- tions. He and Mrs. Thomas are members of the Dutch Reformed Church, and, socially, he is a member of the R. A. C. R. Griffith, Jr., president of the Consolidated Iron Works Company, was born in Brooklyn, N.. Y., December 27, 1863, and is a son of C. R. and Louise (Keil) Griffith, natives of the Empire State. The father was born in New York State, and is special agent of the R. G. Dunn agency, with headquarters in Chicago. The paternal grandfather of •^ S r- -~s ®|>y AL ^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 859 our subject followed the sea, was captain of his own vessel, and was drowned while attempting to save his passengers during a storm on the Gulf of Mexico. When last seen he was on a raft, after saving all his passengers, and his last act was to cut a rope by which the raft was held to the vessel. C. E. Griffith remained in his native city until nearly grown, and then started for the great West with $5 in his pocket, landing in Chicago, where he entered the employ of K G. Dun & Co. He remained with this company six months and then accepted a position with the King & Andrews Iron Company, of Chi- cago, as office boy, continuing in that capacity for two years, when he was elected secretary of the same company. Later his attention was called toward Kansas City, Mo. , as a good point for business, and in 1888 he came here. He and Mr. Thomas bought out the old Pugh & Morris Foundry, commenced anew under the firm title of C. R. Grif- fith & Co., and after the fire, as above mentioned, the title was chano-ed to Griffith & Thomas Co., and then to the Consolidated Iron Works Company. In politics Mr. Griffith affiliates with the Democratic party, but is not a strict partisan in local politics. Hon. James F. Timmons. He whose name heads this sketch is a farmer and stock-raiser of Wyandotte County, Kas. His father, Stephen Timmons, was born in Worcester County, Md., in the year 17G9, and his mother in Sussex County, Del., in 1779. His educa- tion was received in the common schools, and at the early age of six- teen, he, in company with his widowed mother, took charge of a small farm. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company A, Twenty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, serving as a private without a day's absence from duty for three years, but did not re-enlist because it was his opinion that when military authorities in Ohio found a man could not understand a complicated piece of machinery, as a cap-lock musket, they gave him a line officer's sword. Mr. Timmons married Miss Margaret A. Mallow, daughter of John and Elizabeth Mallow, in the year 1867, and in 1870 moved to Kansas, locating in Wyandotte County, on the line of the Union Pacific Eailroad, and on this place he con- tinues to reside. His first wife dying in 1871, he married Miss Maria J. Grinter, daughter of James C. and Rosanna Grinter. Their mar- riage took place in 1872, and they are the parents of four children. Born of Southern parents, he imbibed the spirit of the times of Thomas JefFerson, and hated slavery as a mortal sin, both from political and religious convictions. He has been a radical on all political issues, and voted for Peter Cooper for President in 1876, "N^'eaver in 1880, and 1^ Harrison in 1888, and is still an ardent Republican. Mr. Timmons was at the head of the Jb'armers' Grange movement, and is at the pres- ent writing identified with the Farmers' Alliance, but does not believe that their political management will amount to anything. He was twice elected legislator from his county, and had a law passed for the improvement of county roads, but failed to get fees and salaries ad- justed to a fair proportion of the earnings of men of similar vocations. In his religious opinions, Mr. Timmons thinks Christ's teaching a good guide for life. By his first marriage he has two children, viz. : Elizabeth H. and Joseph M., and by his second marriage four children named as follows: James Loga, Rosanna, Dot and Saint. G. W. Toothaker, real estate owner and dealer, Argentine, Kas. In a new section of country, such as that surrounding Argentine is, comparatively speaking, real-estate transactions are of much impor- tance and the business of the real estate agent must be classed among the leading lines of commercial industry. Among those prominently engaged in this business in Argentine is Mr. Toothaker, who was born near Quincy, 111., March 7, 1847, and who is the third of live children born to G. and Elmira (Roberts) Toothaker, the father a native of Maine, and the mother of Pennsylvania. The father was reared in his native State, and was a successful agriculturist by occupation. G. W. Toothaker remained in his native State until 1857, and then came to Kansas, where he received a good education, graduating in Baker's University, at Lawrence, Kas., in 1872. Afterward he went to the Pacific coast, where he remained nine years engaged in specu- lating, mining and other interests, and where he met with fair success. He returned to Lawrence, Kas., in 1884, and in the following year became interested in the welfare of the city by investing in real estate here, and is now the owner of a great amount of city and country property. He does a large business in loan brokerage and fire insiu-- ance for the leading companies. He was married in 1884, to Mrs. Belle Osborn, who bore him one child, Mary Belle. Mr. Toothaker is a Republican in his national issue, but locally he is Independent. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. and an ex-I. O. O. F. In 1857 he joined Company D, Eighth Artillery, under Capt. Cochran, and was assigned to frontier duty. He was captured by Quantrell in 1862, at Independence, Mo., and paroled. Daring this time Mr. Toothaker was on the route of Quantrell, when he burned Lawrence. He was in the volunteer service, under Gen. Lane, participating in the different skirmishes. He was mustered out in the fall of September, 1862. "7^ W WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 861 John \V. Toy is a worthy citizea of Kansas City, Kas. , and as a man of business has not his superior in this section of the country. Like his brothers, with whom he is associated in business, he was born in Franklin County, Ohio, on April 1, 1853, and there attained his majority and was educated. His early days were spent as a tiller of the soil, and this occupation continued to receive his attention until his removal West in the spring of 1880. His marriage, which took place on April 23, 1876, was to Miss Ella Lucas, who was born on February 22, 1854, also in Franklin County, Ohio. Mr. Toy has been a resident of Kansas City, Kas., since 1880, and in this city has won an enviable reputation as a man of business and also as a public- spirited citizen. He and his brothers, Joseph F. and Harrison S. constitute the well-known grocery lirm of Toy Bros., and the only business change which the firm has undergone since he joined it was the retirement of Edward C, another brother, which took place in 1885, he removing to Dakota. The success which this firm has en- joyed is almost phenomenal, and for a number of years it has been the leading grocery firm of Kansas City. Their retail establishment lo- cated at No. 601) Colorado Avenue is in charge of John W. Toy, this store being first established at No. 338 South Fifth Street, in 1886. It is admirably conducted, and now has a large patronage. Mr. Toy removed to his present stand in May, 1890, and is established in com- modious and comfortable quarters. It is the leading place of the kind in that portion of the city known as Armstrong, and in addition to a first-class stock of groceries, there is also carried in their store, a stock of gents' furnishing goods. This store has grown into popular favor, and is now recognized as an excellent place to trade by all citi- zens of that section, for besides being suited with the quality of the goods, the prices are reasonable. He and his wife are the parents of four children: Edgar C, Olive May, Howard and Walter. Mr. Toy is a courteous and agreeable gentleman to deal with, and being upright in every particular, he is deserving of the highest esteem and respect. J. F. Toy is a business man of Kansas City, Kas., whom all honor, for his traits of character are of a high order, and he was never known to do a mean action. His birth occurred near Peoria, 111., March 11, 1858, he being a son of Harrison and Rebecca (Brobeck) Toy, who were born in Pennsylvania, and when children were taken by their parents to Ohio, where they were reared and married. The former was born in 1818, and a son of Wesley Toy, who was by birth also a Pennsylvanian. Harrison spent his early life in Pickaway County, ^ ^r*. 862 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. Ohio, and on reaching manhood he adopted the calling of a farmer, the details of which he had learned from his father, and this calling re- ceived his attention throughout life. His marriage took place Decem- ber 25. 1845, to Miss Brobeck, who was born about 1825, and who bore him eight children, seven of this family now living — live sons and two daughters. Their names are: Louisa, an infant daughter that died unnamed, Charles W., Anna, Harrison S. and John W. (twins), Joseph F. and Edward C. When the war opened Mr. Toy joined Company F, Fifteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, served three years, and during that time was wounded in battle and placed in the hospital, where he contracted an illness from which he never recovered, his death, however, occurring at his home in Franklin County, Ohio, about 1863. His widow also died there, her death taking place some ten years later, in the month of February. They resided in Franklin County, Ohio, from the time of their marriage up to their deaths, with the exception of about three years, just before and after the birth of the subject of this sketch, at which time they resided near Peoria, 111. J. F. Toy was reared to manhood in Franklin County, the summers being devoted to farm work and the winters to attending school, until he reached the age of seventeen years, after which he quit school and devoted his attention to the farm. When twenty years of age, he be- came associated in biisiness with his brother Charles W., which was a grocery establishment, in Columbus, Ohio. At the expiration of about one year, he sold out to his brother, and in company with two other brothers, Harrison S. and Edward C, he came West and located in Kansas City, Kas. , this being in 1880, and within three montlis af- ter locating here they opened a grocery store, and the lirm of Toy Brothers has existed ever since, being now the leading grocery firm in the city. About three years after the business had been established, another brother, John W. Toy, came to Kansas City, from Ohio, and became a member of the firm, but in the fall of 1885 Edward C. re- tired and removed to Dakota, since which time the firm has been com- posed of John W., Harrison S. and J. F. They have been very successful, and their place of business became so popular that they found it necessary to enlarge their establishment, and they now have three large and well-stocked stores, one wholesale and two retail. The former is located at the corner of Third Street and Minnesota Avenue, and is in charge of J. F. Toy, while the two retail establishments, lo- cated at 414 and 416 Euclid Avenue, are conducted, respectively, by Harri-son S. and John W. On September 29, 1886, the subject of ^ ~a "V this sketch was married to Miss Nellie B. Hendrick, of this city, and their union has resulted in the liirth of one child, Oscar S., whose birth occurred in October, 1888. Mr. and Mrs. Toy are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, are liberal contributors to the same, and in fact to all worthy enterprises. Mr. Toy's career has, thus far, been a very creditable one, and he is well and favorably known to the public as a good business man and an upright, honorable citizen. He has not only built up a fine patronage, but he has acquired a large circle of friends, among whom he is deservedly popular. He and his wife are among the finest of the city's citizens, and command the respect of all who know them. E. W. Towner is clerk of the district court of Wyandotte County, Kas., and he is making an enviable record for himself as a public official, for not only is he courteous and accommodating, but he is in- telligent, far-seeing and strictly conscientious in the discharge of his duty. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio, there received a high-school education, and learned the trade of a machinist in the C. C. & C. shops, in which he worked for two years. He then entered the employ of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad, and after spending thirteen consecutive years with the 'same, nine years having charge of the shops, he became superintendent of Na- tional Tool & Machine Shop of Cleveland, Ohio, a position he held un- til coming to Kansas City in 1881, and entering the Union Pacific shops. In 1888 he was elected to his present position by his many Repub- lican friends in this section, and is in every respect doing them credit. Since attaining his majority he has always used his best interest for the Republican party, and he is also a K. of L., and is in full sympa- thy with the labor movement. He was nominated for the Legislature in Ohio on the Labor ticket, but was defeated. He has been active in politics ever since coming to this county, and has served as chairman of the Republican Central Committee and on the school board, both by election and appointment. He is past chancellor commander in the K. of P. order, and also belongs to the A. F. & A. M. He is the owner of considerable real estate in Kansas City, and is one of her best citizens. His marriage, which occurred in Cleveland, Ohio, re- sulted in the birth of one child, William H. , being now twenty-three years of age. Mr. Towner served in the Fifth Ohio Independent Battalion of Cavalry during the Civil War, but was only in eerv- ice nineteen months. His father and mother were born in England and York State, respectively, and both are now seventy-two years -i) V 864 HISTORY OF KANSAS. of age and reside io Ohio. The father was foreman ia the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad shops in Cleveland for thirty four years, and built the first wooden pilot used in that State, also the first locomotive cab. Luther Trail settled in Wyandotte County, Kas., in 1875, and immediately became identified with the progress and development of this section of the country, and in the conduct of his present vegetable farm he is meeting with substantial results. He annually devotes from seven to nine acres to sweet potatoes, the varieties being the Yellow Jersey, Yellow Nanceman, Red Matagorda and Early Golden, and he markets from 1,000 to 1,200 bushels yearly. He also raises Irish potatoes in large quantities, melons, sweet corn and cabbages, and all are of the very best varieties, and are always in excellent con- dition when delivered. He was born in Moniteau County, Mo. , June 2, 1847, and was the eighth of eleven children born to Basil and Anna Trail, who were born and reared in North Carolina. The father was a cabinet-maker by trade, but during the latter part of his life he followed the occupation of farming, and to this was giving his atten- tion at the time of his death in 1851. Luther was taken from the home of his birth when three years of age, and was reared to man- hood in Kansas City, Mo., and in early life assisted his father in farm work. In 1864 he enlisted at Leavenworth, Kas., in the Seventh Kansas Cavalry, under Capt. Ed Colbert, and served in the Western and Southern divisions, the company to which he belonged being the body-guard to Col. A. J. Smith, with whom they followed the fortunes of war until the closing conflict. His company then returned to Leavenworth and were sent west to fight the Sioux Indians who were causing much trouble in the West. The company went as far as Fort Kearney when they were ordered home, and were mustered out of serv- ice in the fall of 1865. He was in the engagement at Tupelo, Miss. After receiving his discharge he returned home and engaged in farm- ing in Clay County, Mo., remaining on the borders of Missouri and Kansas until 1875, when he became a permanent resident of Wyan- dotte County, Kas. He purchased his present farm of twenty acres in 1880, which he has improved with a good house, barn, shade trees, etc. He was one of the very first to engage in potato raising, but, as it proved so profitable in his case, others took up the enterprise and are making money likewise. He was married in 1880 to Mrs. Elizabeth Wiugert, a daughter of S. Rhodes. She was born in Penn- sylvania in 1860, and has borne her husband five children: Charles, "^^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 865 Frank, Eva, Wingert and Frederick. Mr. Trail is a Republican in his political views, and at the present date is a member of the school board, a position he has filled for the past six years. Charles W. Trickett is the cashier of the Wyandotte National Bank, of Kansas City, Kas., but was bora in Scotland County, Mo., February 2, 1860, and his ability as a business man is co extensive with the county aud the surrounding country. In 1867 he removed with his parents, Charles M. and Martha A. (Walker) Trickett, natives of Virginia and Illinois, respectively, to Miami County, Kas., and was a resident of Louisburg during his youth and his early manhood. At the early age of eleven years, he entered the employ of Heed & Wright, millers, grain, lumber and coal merchants, and at thirteen years of age did all the buying and shipping for that lirm, continuing with them eight consecutive years. In 1879 he went to Paola, Kas. .where he engaged in the grain business with the firm of Reed, Wright & Co. , the first two men being his former employers, and here he gave his attention to this work for two years, after which he acted as book-keeper for a grocery firm a short time, and in 1881 accepted a position in the Miami County Bank of Paola, being made teller at the end of one year, and assistant cashier two years later, this posi- tion retaining until the month of June, 1887, when, in connection with the president of that bank, Mr. J. W. Sponable, he organized the Wyandotte National Bank of Kansas City, Kas., and of this he has been cashier ever since. He is president of the Kansas City Savings Bank of Kansas City, Kas. . and a director in the Inter-State National Bank, located at the stock-yards in the same city. He drafted the bill, and carried on all the correspondence which made Kansas City, a reserve city for national banks. The bill was introduced in Con- gress by Maj. Warner, and of its successful passage he may well feel proud. He has been interested in all pnblic matters since lo- cating here, and for six years he has served on the Board of Education at Paola. four of which he was chairman of the committee on teach- ers and text books. He resigned this position on account of his re- moval to this city, but has also been interested in educational mat- ters since his residence here. He is one of the most enterprising and successful young men in the county, and stands high in both business and social circles. Socially he is a member of the A. O. U. W., and in his political views he is a Republican. He was married December 24, 1880, to Miss Lillie B. Essex, by whom he has three children: Nellie, Pearl and Willie E. Both Mr. and Mrs. Trickett are ^1 4 members of the Congregational Church, and are highly respected citi- zens of Kansas City. Charles Turner is the lard refiner for Swift & Co.. at Kansas City, Kas., and is enegetic and pushing. He was born at South Wingtield, Derbyshire, England, September 25, 1848, his parents, George and Ann (Booth) Turner, being also natives of that islace, the former's birth occurring August 26, 1808, and the latter' s October 3, 1S16. Their marriage was celebrated about 1838, and a family of sixteen children were in time born to them, of whom the subject of this sketch was the ninth. Their names are as follows: Mary, Alice, George, James, Charles, Ann, Samuel, Cornelius and Robert, living, and Sarah, Eliza, Frank, Robert (an elder son), Matthew, Elizabeth and Ellen (deceased). Charles and Ann came to America, but the latter afterward returned to her native land. The parents are both living, residents of Wingfield, England, and the former was for many years a manufacturer of stockings. He and his wife are honorable and np- right people, and are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, having been so for fifty years. Charles Turner attended school in Wingfield until he was ten years of age, when he left school and be- gan working in a coal mine, and continued to follow this pursuit for twenty-six years. In 1880 he took passage on board the steamer "Adriatic" at Liverpool, for America, and after a stormy voyage of nine days he landed at New York, which city he reached on May 9. The following day he went to Plymouth, Penn. , and for eight months worked in a coal mine at that place, but left there on January 4, 1887, and went to Angus, Boone County, Iowa, and during a period of seven weeks spent there, worked in a coal mine. In March, 1887, he re- turned eastward as far as Chicago, where he secured employment with Swift & Co., holding a position in the lard department. During two years spent at this work he thoroughly learned the art of lard refining, and in the month of June, 1889, having gained the entire confidence of his employers, he was sent by them to establish a lard refinery, in connection with their jjacking-house, at Kansas City, Kas. He accomplished his mission successfully, and has acted as foreman of the same ever since. He was married on April 26, 1889, in Chicago, to Miss Susan Kilpatrick, a native of County Armagh, Ireland, her birth occurring July 11, 1852, who had acted as a saleslady in a dry goods establishment in Newry, Ireland, for eight years before coming to America. She had four brothers and one sister in Canada, and one sister in Chicago, and for the purpose of visiting them f e>J ' I ^ ^ '•^6 r- -^ sPV il^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 867 she came to America in 1884, and being much pleased with the country she concluded to remain, and her acquaintance and marriage with Mr. Turner followed; Her sister who formerly lived in Canada has since removed to Chicago. Mr. Turner became identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church about 1870, and of this he has since been an active and consistent member. In June, 1880, he was recom- mended by his church to the general quarterly conference as a local preacher, and at the end of one year passed a thorough theological examination before the conference, which unanimously passed an opinion that he was thoroughly capable of performing the duties of a local preacher. He continued in this capacity in England until his de- parture for America, and upon locating in Plymouth, Penn., he identified himself with the church at that place, and performed the duties of a local preacher. He expounded the gospel while in Chi- cago, also, and has devoted much of his attention to that calling since coming to Kansas City. He has been recommended as a minister to the Kansas Quarterly Conference, which meets in March, 1891, and will, without doubt, become an ordained minister. During the entire twenty years of his connection with the church he has been an active Sabbath-school worker, and has acted as a teacher the entire time. Socially he belongs to the I. O. O. F., Lake City Lodge No. 42, of Chicago. Before coming to the United States, he took an active part in politics, was a member of the Liberal party, and was a stanch follower of the " G. O. M.," Gladstone. He frequently made political speeches and presided over two political meetings, which nominated the present representative from mid-Derbyshire to the British Parlia- ment. He is an intelligent and well informed gentleman, and is al- ready accounted one of the substantial residents of Kansas City, where he and his wife have won many warm friends. Theobald Umbstaetter is foreman of the oil house for Swift & Co., at Kansas City, a position he has held for the past four years, since 1889, serving in his present capacity in the above-named town. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio, July 22, 1854, to Daniel and Louisa (Glaser) Umbstaetter, both of whom were born in Germany, coming to America while still single, and afterward marrying in Uniontown, Stark County, Ohio. To them six children were born — three sons and three daughters — Theobald and two sisters being the only mem- bers of the family now living. The parents reside in Brooklyn, Cuya- hoga County, Ohio, and are honored and respected citizens of that locality. Theobald Umbstaetter obtained his early education in his V native town, and during his youth he assisted his father in a grocery establishment, of which the latter was proprietor, and at the age of seventeen years he accompanied his parents to Cleveland, and there entered the employ of the Glaser Brothers, proprietors of a tannery, they being his uncles. He continued with them for about six months, then became an employe of Glaser, Whitney & Co., and worked in their boot and shoe factory in different capacities until the spring of 1877, when he visited Detroit and Chicago, 'and went from the latter city to St. Paul, Minn., where he subsequently became employed in a fur and game establishment, remaining thus at work until the spring of 1878. Later on he gave some attention to the patent right business at that place, but in the latter part of 1878 he removed from that city to Minneapolis, and for six months worked in the boot and shoe factory belonging to HefFelfinger & Co. He then began traveling throughout the West, and in his trip visited the cities of Sioux City, Council Bluffs, Omaha, St. Joseph, Kansas City, Alton, Cairo, Memphis, Ar- kansas City, Pine Bluff, Little Rock, St. Louis, and tinally went to AValnut Ridge, Ark., where for a few years he acted as steward in a railway eating-house. He next went to Arcadia, Mo., and was sim- ilarly employed for a short time, after which he went to Chicago, and a month later to Springfield, 111., three months later going to Little Rock, where he spent one year, being differently employed at these places. After working for six months for the Central Union Tele- phone Company he went to Chicago, and was employed by Swift & Co. , and has been with that firm ever since. He has been a resident of Kansas City since 1889, and is now foreman of the oil house. He was married December 26, 1888, to Miss Marj' McGinnis, a native of Ireland, who came to America with an aunt at the age of sixteen years. They have one son, Theobald John (born August 27, 1889). Mr. Umbstaetter is a member of the A. O. F. , and has always supported the men and measures of the Republican party. Jacob Voegele was born in Wirtemburg, Germany, near the city of Sulz, on the river Neckar, but is now making his home with his brother-in-law, John Seemann, who resides near Kansas City, Kas. His birth occurred on January 8, 1839, and the names of his brothers and sisters are as follows: John (who resides in Montgomery County, Ohio, was formerly a farmer, but is now a contractor, and was married to Miss Christina Bernhardt), Martin (who is a merchant and machin- ist at Martinsburg, W. Va., is married to Miss Kate Gerling), Bar- bara (wife of John Seemann, see sketch), Mary (wife of John Plocher, ^^ p \ 1 ^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. resides in Montgomery County, Obio, her husband being a carpenter and joiner by occupation), Anna (wife of Henry Zehring, a painter and glazier, resides in Dayton, Ohio), and George (who was born in Maryland, is now residing in Montgomery County, Ohio, is married to Miss Emma Stocker, and is a farmer by occupation). The father and mother of these children were born in Wirtemburg, and the former was a farmer by occupation, and for some time was an ofiBcer in the Government works. He is living at the advanced age of eighty- two years in Ohio, and his wife is seventy-seven years of age. Jacob Voegele attended the schools of Germany for eight years, and took a private course of study in the State of Maryland after coming to the United States, becoming an exceptionally well-informed young man. He is a great reader, a great admirer of standard works, and is a firm believer in the common-school system. On August 5, 1862, he en- listed in Company E, Ninety-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was assigned to the Army of the Cumberland under Generals Buell, Rose- crans. Grant and Thomas, and took an active part in the following battles: Stone River, Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge. At Stone River he was wounded by a minie-ball and buck-shot in the left hip, which wound was so serious that it kept bim in the hospital for four months, and he was also wounded in the left thigh at Missionary Ridge, and was compelled to go on crutches for six months. During this time a commission as first lieutenant was awaiting Mr. Voegele, but the surgeons pronounced him unfit for further duty in the field, and he was honorably discharged July 1, 1865, and at once returned to his home. He now receives a pension from the Government for the wounds he received in his service for Uncle Sam. He has always identified himself with the Democratic party, and at one period of his life was an active politician. He served as postmaster at Miamisburg, Ohio, for a number of years during Johnson's administration and dis- charged hisduties with honor to himself and to the entire satisfaction of the public. He has been a resident of America since 1855, and after a residence of five years in Maryland he went to Ohio, where he made his home for eighteen years, since which time, or since 1878, he has resided in Wyandotte County, Kas., and has devoted his attention to horticulture. He is highly esteemed by all who know him for his honesty of purpose and his intelligence. He held the office of justice of the peace in Miamisburg, Ohio, a position he held two terms, and at one time he was a prominent and popular candidate for mayor of said city, and was only defeated by two votes. He was engaged in the *^< ^- 870 HISTORY OF KANSAS. county treasurer's office during portions of three years, and was ten- dered the nomination for several important public offices, but declined them in favor of older Democrats. He has never learned to be an office seeker. John L. Walker is a well known farmer and stock-raiser of Wyan dotte County, Kas. , but drst saw. the light of day in Owen County, Ind., January 3, 1834, being a son of Aquilla and Elizabeth (Dyer) Walker, who were born in Maryland and Vermont, respectively. John L. Walker made his home in Owen County, Ind., until he at- tained his sixteenth year, when he moved with his family to Crawford County, 111., and there resided until his twenty-sixth birthday, then came to Wyandotte County, Kas. He was married on August 10, 1856, to Miss Sophia Buser, a daughter of Winnard and Sophia (Cramer) Buser. She was born in the Buckeye State, December 25, 1840, and has borne her husband sis sons and seven daughters: Al- bert, Marian, Joseph, Elizabeth (wife of John Cramer), John, Lucy, George, Mollie, Dollie, and four children that died in infancy. The subject of this sketch has been a life long Republican, and in 1889 was elected to the office of justice of the peace, but did not qualify, and allowed the office to go by default to the present incumbent. When Mr. Walker first came to this county it was rolling prarie land as far as the eye could reach, and although it presented a somewhat desolate appearance, Mr. Walker set energetically to work, and after enduring many harships and privations incident to pioneer life, he conquered the many difficulties which strewed his pathway, and is now in good circumstances financially. He has always been the soul of honesty in his dealings, and has made for himself an enviable place in the esteem of his friends and acquaintances, and is recognized as one of the use- ful citizens of this locality. Judge Matthew Rankin Walker, who was one of the early pioneer settlers of Kansas City, Kas., an honored and respected citizen, and a member of the Wyandotte tribe of Indians, was born on June 17 , 1810, to William S. and Catherine (Rankin) Walker, the former of whom was a Virginian by birth and a descendant of Sir Walter Raleigh. He was captured by the Delaware Indians, and by an exchange of prisoners, which took place between them and the Wyandottes, he fell into the hands of the latter and spent the remainder of his life with that tribe. He was man-ied to Catherine Rankin, a member of the tribe, she being a highly educated lady, having received her education in a Canadian convent. To them a large family of children were born. '-£. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 871 and three of their sons, William, Matthew R. and Joel, all figured conspicuously in the early history of Kansas. The parents both died in the vicinity of Sandusky, Ohio, and are sleeping their last sleep in the Indian burying-ground in that city. Upon the removal of the Wyandotte Indians' from Ohio to Kansas in 1843, the three sons of William S. Walker, together with a sister, came here also, and their home for the remainder of their lives was Wyandotte. William Walker was very prominent in the early history of the State, and served as its first territorial governor, dying in Kansas City, Kas. , at an extremely old age. Joel Walker was engaged in mercantile pur- suits, and in this business was very successful, amassing quite a fortune prior to his death in 1857. Matthew Rankin Walker was married in Franklin County, Ohio, to Miss Lydia Brown Ladd, by whom he became the father of seven children: Adaline, Sarah Louisa, Thomas G., Malcolm, Percy L., Clarence F. and Lillian. The eldest, Adaline. was married October 15, 18(37, to Frank D. Crane, a native of Monroe, Mich., who came to Wyandotte, Kas., with, and in the employ of Samuel Hallet, the first contractor of the Union Pacific Railroad. Mr. Crane was in the employ of this road in different ca- pacities for eighteen years, or until his death November 13, 1881. His widow is now a resident of this city, and occupies a large and com- fortable residence in the Walker Addition at No. 1928 North Walnut Street, which she erected in 1887. Sarah L. and Thomas G., her brother and sister, are single and reside in California. Malcolm was married to Jane Garrett, who died, leaving a daughter, Louisa B. (who is also deceased). Percy L. married Mary Mahana Audrain, a descendant of the French and Cherokee Indians, her father being James P. Audrain, a French Canadian. She and her husband reside in Prairie City, Ind. Ter., and have four childi-en: M. Rex, James A., Narcissa O. and Earl P. Clarence F. Walker, the sixth child, is single and resides in Prairie City, Ind. Ter. Lillian, the youngest, married John A. Hale, a lawyer of this city, and has two children: Lydia E. and Lillian. Matthew R. Walker, their father, although a farmer by occupation, was also a well known politician, and at one time served as judge of the early courts and was also a member of the first Territorial Legislature and the Lecompton Con- vention. He was a Democrat in politics, and at the time of his death, which occurred October 14, 1860, he was a member of the Masonic order. His wife belonged to the Eastern Star Lodge, she being the first lady to join the same in the State of Kansas. Mendias Chap- i "V ^ l\^ ter, O. E. S., of Kansas City, Kas., was named in her honor. She died May 30, 1884. Judge Walker was noted for his liberality, and was always among the first to give of his means in the support of worthy enterprises and to those in distress. Notwithstanding this fact he be- came quite wealthy, and at the time of his death he was one of the substantial men of the county, possessing numerous sterling qualities, and had won the esteem of all. John Warren, the subject of this sketch, was born here in Kansas City, Kas., December 12, 1858, and is well and favorably known throughout the State. In addition to acquiring a good education in the common schools of this State, he graduated from Spaulding's Commercial College in 1878, and then engaged in agricultural pur- suits; afterward entering the general mercantile business, until May, 1885, when he was appointed city clerk of Wyandotte City, and was the first clerk after the consolidation of the three towns now known as Kansas City, Kas. In 1884 he was elected a member of the Board of education, and in November, 1886, was elected clerk of the district court of Wyandotte County on the Democrat ticket, a position he tilled with credit to himself and satisfaction to the public. After his retirement from office, he and his present partner, Mr. Frank Mapes, became asso- ciated in business, and quite extensively engaged in commercial bro- kerage. Mr. Warren is one of the promising and influential young men of this section, is well known for his noble qualities of mind and heart, and his future promises to be a decided success. In 1883 he was married to Miss Margret A. Burke, by whom he has two interest- ing children. Oscar A. Weiss is an old and trusted employe of Swift & Co., of Kansas City, Kas., who are in the fertilizing business, and he is fore- man of their tank house and fertilizing department. He is a native German, his birth occurring on September 18, 1853, he being the -second of three children born to A. O. and Amelia (Hildebrandt) Weiss, natives of Germany, where the former died in 1858, the latter being a resident of Chicago. Oscar A. Weiss learned the trade of a miller in his native land, an occupation which he continued to follow until his removal to the United States, in 1879. He first settled in the city of Chicago, where he entered the employ of Wall Bros., who were in the fertilizing business, and later entered the employ of the North-Western Fertilizing Company, and subsequently became asso- ciated with Darling & Co., and then with Swift & Co. In the month of February, 1888, he came to Kansas City, Kas., continuing his work liL WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 873 for Swift & Co., and for the past four years has been their foreman at this place, and has had control of about forty men, being very suc- cessful in their management. He is highly trusted by the company for which he works, for he has proven himself honorable and upright n every respect, and thoroughly competent to successfully discharge every duty incumbent upon his position. He was married in 1876 to Miss Matilda Dehn, a native German, and their union has been blessed by the birth of five children: John, Paul, Frank, William and Anna. Alfred Weston, superintendent of the canning department of Armour's Packing House, at Kansas City, Kas., was born in Carroll County, N. H., on June 4, 1844, being the son of William and Anna L. (Kennison) Weston. Mr. Weston passed the first years of his life in a manner similar to that of other boys, in the meantime learning the butcher's trade. At the early age of sixteen he commenced the struggle of life in a most energetic manner, going to Boston, where he engaged in the meat and provision business, up to September of the year 1862, at which time he enlisted in the army. He was in the Thirty-eighth Massachusetts Infantry, under Capt. James H. Woods, serving in the Nineteenth Army Corps during the term of service, and engaging in the battles of Berryville, Louisiana and Fisher Hill. The siege of Port Hudson commenced on May 22, lasting until July 8, and on June 14 Mr. Weston was wounded during a charge, being shot in the thigh and left hand, and forced to remain in the hospital for six months. After his recovery he returned to his regiment in Shenandoah Valley, engaging in the battles of Cedar Creek and Win- chester, and the regiment then joined Gen. Sherman, following his march through Georgia. They were mustered out of service and re- turned to the State of Massachusetts. In 1871 the subject of this sketch came West, settling in Chicago, where he was superintendent of the canning department in the firm of Libby, McNeil & Libby. At a later date he occupied the same position with the St. Louis Beef Canning Company for four years, and since 1882, has held his present position with Armour. He is, without doubt, one of the most experi- enced men in the West, and is highly esteemed in business circles. He is a public-spirited man, willing at all times to contribute to the advancement of the community in which he resides. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. On December 24, 1867, Mr. Weston was mar- ried to Miss Abbie J. Littlefield, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Littlefield, natives of Maine. Miss Littlefield' s birth occurred in Bos- ton in 1847. To this union have been born four children, viz. : Wil- ,'VH 874 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. biu-, Anna L. (married), Arthur F. and Fred. Both Mr. and Mrs. Weston are members of the Third Baptist Church, and the former is superintendent of the Sundaj'-school, and deacon in this church. In politics he is a strong Republican, serving as chairman of the Re- publican Central Committee. O. B. White, senior member of the firm of White & Bros. , proprie- tors of the Cedar Creek Dairy Farm, at Olathe, Johnson County, was born in La Fayette County, Mo., on January 21, 18-49, and is the son of William and Nancy (Bounds) White, natives of Tennessee, and La Fayette County, Mo., respectively. The mother is still living, is sev- enty-three years of age, and is a resident of Kansas City, Kas. The father died in Boulder County, Colo., in 1883. When a young man he came from Tennessee. O. B. White passed the days of his youth in Westport, Mo., Jackson County, and when sixteen years of age he commenced farming in Johnson County, Kas., continuing at this until 1881. The three years following this he was in Kingman County, Kas. , and after this he commenced the dairy business in Kansas City, Kas. He had limited means to commence with — six head of stock — but since then he has bent all his energies to the business, and is to-day one of the most extensive dealers in the city. He ships twice per day in Kansas City, Kas., and Kansas City, Mo., runs three milk wagons, and has a large retail and wholesale business. He resides at 208 James Street. Mr. White was married on May 20, 1876, to Miss Mary Robinson, daughter of E. W. Robinson, and a native of La Salle County, 111., where her birth occurred in 1857. To Mr. and Mrs. White have been born three living children : Nettie, Berton and Joseph. They have two children deceased, one who died at the age of four years and an infant. In his political views Mr. White affiliates with the Democratic party. Mrs. White is a member of the Congregational, Church. Joseph M. White, dairyman, Kansas City, Kas. Mr. White re- sides at Ohio and Thirteenth Streets, and has been in the dairy busi- ness in this city for seven years. He is the owner of sixty head of cows, and has built up an extensive trade, both wholesale and retail. He was born in Jackson County, Mo. , at Westport, on February 8, 1855, and is the son of William and Nancy (Bounds) White, the father a native of Greene County, Tenn., born in 1818, and the mother of Lexington, Mo., born also about 1818. When twenty-one years of age the father went from Tennessee to La Fayette County, Mo., thence to Lexington, and in 1850 to Westport. He was one of the first to '-^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 875 locate there, and assisted in bailding up the place, belno; a carpenter by trade. In 1858 he and family moved to Johnson County, Kas., bought 500 acres of land from the Indians, and resided in that county until 1878. They then moved to Kingman County, Kas., and in 18S2 from there to Boulder County, Colo. , where he died on November 8, 1883. In later years he had farmed extensively, and had accumulated considerable wealth. He had moved to Colorado from Kansas on account of the grasshoppers, and had lost some money by that and from going security. The mother is still living in Kansas City, Kas., and is now seventy -two years of age. She is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church as was also her husband. He was a stanch Democrat in politics, but never aspired to political positions, although he made a race for Representative of Kingman County, in 1878, and was elected, but was fradulently counted out. He was the son of Joseph White, who was a native of Tennessee and a Missionary Baptist minister. The latter died at Odessa, La Fayette County, Mo. , at the age of eighty- tive or eightj'-six years. He came to Missouri at the same time, and with our subject" s father, who at one time owned the entire site of Odessa. The White family originally came from Scotland. Our sub- feet was one of six sons, all but one living, and they are named as follows: James B. (is a farmer in Boulder County, Colo.), David S. (is mining and farming in Colorado), W. L. (dairyman of Kansas City, Kas.), O. B. (is extensively engaged in the dairy business in Kansas City, Kas.), and Jesse B. (died in Johnson County, Kas., at the age of twenty-tive years). Joseph M. White spent his school-boy days in Johnson County. Kas., and when twenty years of age stai-ted out for himself as a farmer in Sedgwick County, Kas., near Wichita; there he remained until 1880, and then went to Colorado, where he was in the gold and silver mines of Magnolia until 1884. He then came to Kansas City, embarked in the dairy business with his brother, O. B. White, with whom he was connected until March, 1888. at which time he branched off by himself as a dairyman. He started with $-1:7 as a capital, but had the energy and push to succeed, and is now one of the largest dealers in Kansas City. Socially he is a mem- ber of the K. of P. Lodge Xo. 2, and in politics he is strictly Dem- ocratic. H. C. Whitlock, a popular educator and farmer, Bonner Springs, Kas. Mr. Whitlock was born in Platte County, Mo., in 1844, was reared and educated in his native State, and supplemented a com- mon-school education by a course at Mount Gilead. After this he Al: -3 f2* 876 HISTORY OF KANSAS. taught for several years, and later attended the normal at Leaven- worth, Kas. He commenced teaching in the common public schools, and during 1874 and 1875 he vras principal of Wyandotte public schools. Then, in 1878, he was elected superintendent of county schools, served one term, was then reelected in the fall of 1884, and served one more term. He has not taught since that, on account of his health, but has been on his farm in the western part of the county. He spent one year on the Pacific coast, one year in Flor- ida and Cuba, and is now enjoying the best of health. He is the owner of 100 acres of land close to Bonner Springs, but rents this. He was elected superintendent on the Democratic ticket, and had 1,200 more votes in the county than President Cleveland. He was defeated for this position in 1880, when everybody thought him cer- tain of election. He is a very popular educator, and a man of acknowl- edged ability. He is pleasant and sociable in his demeanor, and his happiest moments are in educational work, to which he expects to give the best years of his life. His parents, Preston and Lavina AVhitlock, were natives of Kentucky, and the father was a farmer by occupation. R. Wilcoxon, of AVhite Church, Kas. , and an old time farmer of Quindaro Township, came to Wyandotte County, Kas., January 8, 1850, and clerked in the dry goods department of the American Fur Company at a place called Secondia, located about nine miles above the mouth of the Kansas River, in the Delaware Reservation. He carried on this business until 1856, and found the Delaware Indians honest, upright, truthful, but with very little notion of business. Their living was entirely derived from the chase, and they bartered the furs for the necessaries of life. Hunting and trapping parties would leave early in the fall and return the following spring, bringing with them pelts and furs with which to pay their debts. In 1854 Mr. Wilcoxon was united in marriage to Miss Malinda Statler, whose Indian name was Tweleuioqud. She was educated at the Shawnee Mission. This union gave Mr. Wilcoxon the right to live here with them, so in the spring of 1856 he began farming, opening up land within a mile of where he had been selling goods. His principal crops were wheat, corn, potatoes, oats, millet, etc., usually raising for home consumption although there was a good market for hogs, selling them to the Dela- wares. Being of a pacific nature from staying at home and attending strictly to his own business, he was never a participant in the bloody times of the border war. He resided quietly on his farm, attended to — ■-^>r this alone, opened up new land and made improvements as rapidly as possible. In 1801 the land was surveyed and parceled, and through his wife and children he received 240 acres, one 80 in the hills and 160 acres on the Kansas River, that on the river being the part he had already improved and cultivated. He remained there until 1867, when he bought the James Ketchum farm at White Church, having sold eighty acres on the river, moved on this, and soon had thirty acres under cultivation. In 1888 he sold seventy-two acres of this, and kept eight acres for a home. He has a beautiful place, a line house of modern architecture with eight rooms, and the principal part of the grounds is in orchard. For the past seven years Mr. Wilcoxon has been justice of the peace, and has filled the position of school director for sixteen years. He and family are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, South. Politically Mr. Wilcoxon has always been Democratic until the Greenback party was formed, after which he voted for their candidates for several elections. At present he is with the Democratic party again. He was a private in the Twenty-third Kansas State Militia during the war, but has the record of never shoot- ing at a man. He was born in West Virginia March 18, 1828, and was the son of Levi and Catherine (Harris) Wilcoxon, both natives also of West Virginia. The Wilcoxons are of Scotch-Irish extraction, and one of the ancestors lived to be one hundred and fourteen years of age. The paternal grandfather of our subject, Thomas Wilcoxon, died before the struggle for independence took place. Our subject is the only son of six children born to his parents. In 1843 his father accompanied by his whole family, three of his daughters being married and accompanied by their husbands, went to Arkansas, settled near Jackson, and here his death occurred in February of the following year. In March, 1844, the entire family left there and came to Kan- sas City, where they remained a few days. They then went to West- port, where one sister and the mother died in 1849. In the meantime E. Wilcoxon worked by the day or month and seized on any honorable employment that was offered. One of the brothers-in-law died in 1852, and the same year the remainder of the family, with the excep- tion of our subject, went to California, where they have since died. At the present time Mr. Wilcoxon is the sole survivor of the family. After entering the employ of the American Fur Company Mr. Wil- coxon boarded with James Findlay, whose wife was a sister of Judge John Ryland, of La Fayette County, Mo. They were together in the store for six years, and then both left the same year. Mr. Wilcoxon -f^ ^^=ti , - — "k ». is the father of four children — two sons and two daughters — two sons and one daughter now living: Lucinda (wife of James L. Buckland, who is residing in Wyandotte Township, engaged in farming), Emmett (living with his father) and Oscar (also at home). Leanora was born February 23, 1868, and died December 22, 1884. Mr. Wilcoxon voted for Abelard Gutherie, the first delegate from this State to Con- gress, anil next for Thomas Johnston. He also voted for the first governor of the State and for the last, Glick (1890). In 18-49-50 the cholera raged in this State, and was so fatal that the Delaware Indians hired Dr. J. B. Stone to come out here. In 1849 1,000 Delaware In- dians lived within eight miles of White Church, but when that great scourge occurred they scattered to difFerent parts of the reservation and never got together again. Isaac D. Wilson is a native of Crawford County, 111., his birth occurring there June 22. 1832, his parents, Isaac N. and Hannah H. (Decker) Wilson, being Virginians. Both Mr. and Mrs. Wilson ac- companied their respective parents to Crawford County, 111., in an early day, and it was in that county that they were reared, educated aad married. Isaac D. Wilson remained in his native town of Pales- tine until he was twenty-one years of age, and although his father was a hotel proprietor he also owned a farm near town, and upon this Isaac D. labored during his youth when not in school. Upon attain- ing his majority he went to Charleston, Coles County, 111., and the following ten years were spent in mercantile piirsuits in that place. From 1864 to 1866 Chicago, 111., was the scene of his labors where he was in the wholesale grocery business. In the latter part of the last named year he went to Oxford, Marquette County, Wis. , but after being the proprietor and operating a flouring-mill in that place until 1881, he went to Oluey, 111. He continued to own the mill, however, until 1883, and while in Oxford was also engaged in mercantile pur- suits for a period of three years. From Olney, 111., he came to Kan- sas City, Kas., in the fall of 1882, and here he has ever since given his time and attention to the banking business, he being first a mem- ber of the banking firm of Wilson & Rogers, the former being presi- dent. This bank was succeeded by the Baok of Wyandotte, but as long as it was in existence, Mr. Wilson was also its president. Later, this was changed to the First National Bank, and in this Mr. Wilson continued to hold the position of president until December, 1888, when he sold his interest in the bank, and in 1889 helped to organize the Exchange Bank, of which he has since been president. Socially, » " he is a member of the A. F. & A. M., and politically, is a Demo- crat. He is a man of excellent business qualifications, and thus far has made life a decided success. He was married to Miss Sophia Ricketts, who died the following year, leaving a daughter, who was named Sophia. In April, 18<56, Mr. "Wilson's second marriage was consummated. Miss Etta Spoor becoming his wife. William E. Wilt is a gentleman who is honorably connected with the prosperity of Kansas City, Kas. , and is well known as one of the substantial and reliable grocers of this place. He is a native of Liver- pool, Perry County, Penn., his birth occurring February 11, 1801, his parents, George W. and Sarah (Krowl) Wilt, being also born in that State, the former's birth occurring July 4, 1834, and the latter' s Au- gust 16, 1836. The father was twice married. Miss Krowl being his second wife, their union taking place in 1858, and resulting in the birth of six children: Morris C, William E., George W. (deceased), Irvin E., Francis E. and Annie M. Both parents are living, their home be- ing in Kansas City. In early life the father worked on a farm, but at a later period he began railroading, and continued to follow this occu- pation for fourteen years, twelve of which he was a passenger con- ductor on the Philadelphia & Reading Railway. He subsequently re- sumed farming, but after following the occupation for five years in Cedar County, Mo., he in 1885, removed to Kansas City, Mo., and two years later came to Kansas City, Kas. , where his attention has since been given to gardening. He and his wife are consistent members of the Evangelical Church, and are worthy and respected citizens of this section. Mr. Wilt's first wife bore him a daughter, who is now Mrs. Emma Bittinger, of Freeport, Penn. He is a son of George W. Wilt, whose great-grandfather emigrated to America from Holland. When the subject of this sketch was a year and a half old his parents removed to Herndon, Northumberland County, Penn., in which place he spent his boyhood, and attended school until fourteen years of age. For a year and a half after leaving school he acted as extra passenger brakeman on the Philadelphia & Reading Railway, after which he entered the employ of Jonas Duttery, with whom he learned the butcher's trade. At seventeen years of age he came West with his parents to Cedar County, Mo., where for four years he assisted his father at farm- ing, going thereafter to Bates County, Mo., where for a year he was employed in a saw-mill, while there helping to saw the lumber which was used to build the first house in the present city of Rich Hill, Mo. In the spring of 1882 he came to Kansas City, Mo., where he J^l spent four years engaged, chiefly, at gardening and fishing. For four winters he followed the latter calling on an extensive scale, mar- keting the large quantities of tish which he caught in Kansas City. During the winter of ISS-t-SS he followed fishing upon the St. Fran- cis Eiver, in Arkansas, but in February, 1885, came to Kansas City, Kas., and the following summer his time was devoted to gardening with his father. In the fall of 1886 he entered the employ of Wilson Barden, in whose grocery establishment he clerked for seven months. In August, 1887, he went to Los Angeles, Cal., near which place he spent seven months on a ranch, after which he returned to Kansas City, arriving March 19, 1888. March '24 he purchased a meat- market on the corner of Fifth Street and Walker Avenue, taking possession of it two days later, and there did a successful business until October 1, 1889, when he removed to a brick business building, at No. 2001 North Fifth Street, and since then has had as a business partner, his brother, Irvin E., and the firm, under the name of Wilt Bros., has conducted a meat-market and grocery, jointly, at that place up to the present time. Their goods are of excellent quality, and as both members of the firm are young men of good habits, and strictly honorable business men, their trade has become very large, and is constantly increasing. Mr. Wilt was married August 4, 1889, to Miss Mollie K. Eoman, an ac- complished young lady, of Osawatomie, Kas., her birth occurring near this city, in 1870, her father being Henry Roman. Mr. Wilt is a member of the Kansas City Retail Butchers' Protective Association, and also of the Merchant's Mercantile Agency, of Chicago. He is a young man of good business qualities, and being intelligent, kindly in disposition, and liberal, he has many warm friends. F. C. Woestemeyer, merchant. Bethel, Kas. Among the promi- nent business men of Bethel, and among the representative citizens of Wyandotte Count}', stands the name of Mr. F. C. Woestemeyer, who commenced business in Bethel, in December, 1888, opening a stock of general groceries. His stock invoicing about $500, and his sales amount to about $250 per month. Being so convenient to wholesale houses, he carries but a small stock, and makes two or three trips a week to the city for good^. Mr. Woestemeyer was born in Warren County, Mo., on March 6, 1844, and is the son of Morriz Bernhardt and Elizabeth (Schuster) Woestemeyer, natives of Germany. The parents came to America about 1835, settled in Warren County, made a home, and there their children, five in number — two sons and three daughters — were born and reared. One son, Henry H. , is now living in La Fayette ^l jvK__w ^^=4^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 881 County, Mo. , where he is a prosperous farmer and justice of the peace. Of the daughters, Lizette is the wife of Herman Larberg, a farmer of La Fayette County; Eliza married Herman Holke, a farmer in the same county, and Josephine, wife of William H.H. Bierbaum, also engaged in farming, and a resident of the old home place in Warren County, Mo. The father died in 1849, and about live years later the mother married again, and kept the family together. She died in 1887, when about sixty live years of age. When F. C. Woestemeyer was about seven- teen years of age he began serving an apprenticeship to the shoe- maker's trade at Femme Osage, Mo., but previously had received a good education in the German language, principally. He learned the trade of Michael Bickel, and remained with him five years, two years as an apprentice and three years as a journeyman. He then went to St. Souis, worked at his trade one year, and later ran a shop. From there he went to Marthasville, Mo., conducted a shop there un- til 1873, when he sold sewing machines and agricultural implements for Middlecamp & Bros. This he continued until 1877, when he went to La Fayette County, and purchased a farm, tilling the soil for seven years. In 1884 he sold his place at an advance of about 100 per cent on the purchase money, and then tried his hand at the gro- cery business in Wellington, La Fayette County, Mo., buying property there. He sold this at a good profit in about eight months, and then he purchased a farm of 160 acres in Johnson County, Kas. There he resided until the fall of 1887, then sold out during the boom, and then came to Wyandotte County, where he bought 140 acres at $60 an acre. Inside of two weeks he sold 40 acres of this for $100 per acre. He was one of the organizers, and the controlling stockholder in the White Church Town Site & Improvement Company. Mr. Woeste- meyer is vice-president and treasurer of the company. During the war he was in the Home Guards and State Militia, but was not called into active service. He is a member of the Evangelical Church, and an active worker in the same. He has been twice married, first to Miss Eliza Peters of Marthasville, Mo., who lived about eleven months, and is buried at Marthasville. His second marriage was on October 22, 1868. to Miss Wilhelmena Oberhellman, of AVarren County. They are the parents of eight children: Pauline, Anna, Henry, Otto, Agnes, Bern- hardt, Clara and Althea. Since May, 1889, Mr. Woestemeyer has been postmaster, and has filled that position in a creditable manner. In politics he is a Republican, and is active in all movements that have for their foundation the development of this locality or county. ^i 1^ -^ — "T->- 882 HISTORY OF KANSAS. Abner Wolfe, farmer, Bethel, Kas. This esteemed resident of Quiudaro Township, a man who has an extensive acquaintance, was born in Adair County, Ky. , January 18, 1828, and is the son of George and Kebecca (Bishop) Wolfe, the father a native of Tennessee, and the mother of North Carolina. The parents were married in Tennessee, but shortly afterward moved to Kentucky, where they were among the early settlers. Here their children, six in number, were born, but only four are now living: Elizabeth (wife of Isaac Lynch in Saline County), Jeanette (wife of Henry H. White, re- siding in Fremont County, Iowa), and Jacob A. (residing in El Dorado County, Cal.). When Abner Wolfe was four years of age his father moved to Johnston County, Ind. , bought a farm and there resided for about eight years. He then sold out, came to Cass County, Mo., and settled six miles west of Harrison ville, where he entered land and made a farm, residing there live years. He then went to St. Clair County, 111. , but after a residence there of three years he came to Atchison County, Mo., remaining there live years. Later he went to Fremont County, Iowa, entered land there, and there, in 1856, at the age of sixty- seven years, the last debt of nature was paid. Abner re- mained with his father until twenty-five years of age. The mother surviv- ed her husband several years, and selling out her possessions in Iowa, she went on a visit to Cass County and was there married again, losing her second husband after about two years of married life. She came to her son in Platte County, and there her death occurred in 1862, Abner was in his twenty -fourth year when he married Miss Abigail Wolsey, of Atchison County, and to them were born two children: William (at home), and Mary (wife of George Way, of White Church), Mrs. Wolfe died in 1861, and Mr. Wolfe was married, the second time, to Miss Ellen A, Conway, who bore him three children: Hattie (wife of George Eeiley), John and Jennie. During the late struggle be- tween the North and South, Mr. Wolfe enlisted in the State Militia, but was in no regular battles. He served nine months and was in several skirmishes. Remaining in Platte County until 1869, he sold out there and came to Wyandotte Coimty, where he purchased eighty acres of land, his present property. He has a new house of six rooms, and his stables, outbuildings and wells indicate a thorough farmer- He and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, of which he has been deacon for over thirty-five years, and a member since seventeen years of age. Politically he is a Democrat, but votes for the man more than the party. In so far as he is able, he has contributed lib- *V1« — «- ~^i=i^ WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 883 erally to cbuicbes and schools, and takes au active interest in all matters pertaining to the best interests of the commiinity. In 1850 be started across the plains as a teamster, and on the return trip was made assistant wagon master, making three trips that year. For seven years he freighted across the plains, his last trip being in the winter of 1857, through snow from knee to waist deep. At one time, on a trip from Fort Leavenworth to Fort Kearney, 200 Indians, near the bead waters on Little Blue, threatend an attack, butoin- party camped early, and bitching up after dark, drove twelve miles further, going into camp about 10 o'clock. Next morning by daylight they were on the move again. W. F. Wood, architect, Kansas City, Kas. There is such a vast amount of competition in every line of trade, that the commercial world is pretty well crowded with busy "bread-winners," each anxious to gain success and an abundant supply of the '' almighty dollar. " ' But it is a true old adage that says: "There is always room at the top," and such competent business men as Mr. Wood can not fail to win ap- preciation and the esteem of their fellow-men. Kansas City, being a thoroughly progressive place, has many avenues for labor, but a few that require more skill or ofFer a surer opportunity for success than is found in architecture. The subject of this sketch made his first ap- pearance in this world in Syracuse, N. Y., on March 20, 1853, being the son of I. G. and Helen O. Wood, natives of the State of New York. He spent the years intervening between infancy and man- hood's estate in bis native city, learning first the carpenter's trade, and afterward mastering the study of architecture in the mechanical de- partment of the Central Railroad, and later under John Tylee. As a monument of his ability as an architect he has some of the finest buildings in the state, viz. : First Presbyterian Church, Portsmouth Building, Husted Building, Kansas City, Kas., George W. Howell's residence, in Atchison, etc. Mr. Wood was united in marriage with Miss Louisa M. Cronk, whose birth occurred in Utica, N. Y. , in June, 1854. To this union have been born seven children, viz. : Issie Em- ma, Laurenette, Helen Frances, Gracie May, Minnie Bell, Clinton G. and Mildred E. (the last two named being twins). In politics Mr. Wood is in sympathy with the Republican party, and faithfully works for his party principles. Both Mr. and Mrs. Wood are united with the Episcopal Church and interested in all religious and educational matters, and contribute liberally to the support of worthy causes. Mr. Wood is a member of Fellowship Lodge, No. 2, K. of P. , and Wyandotte ■il. Division No. 10, U. R. K. of P., and Franklin No. 293, A. O. U. W. Dr. John S. Woods was born in Allegheny County, Penn., April 29, 1853, being a son of James and Louisa (Beazell) Woods, who were also born in the Keystone State, the former March 5, 1821, and the latter May 6, 1829, their marriage taking place on May 6, 1852, and in time resulting in the birth of live children of whom Dr. John S. was the eldest. The parents still reside in Allegheny County, Penn., and there have many warm personal friends and numerous acquaintances. Dr. John S. Woods first attended the common schools, but afterward en- tered Mount Union College, Ohio, from which institution he was gradu- ated in 1876, completing a full classical course. He at once took up the study of medicine, and in 1881 was graduated from Cleveland Medical College, and entered upon his practice in the State of Ohio. In 1881 he removed to Kansas City, Kas. , where he immediately opened an office, and here he has actively and successfully practiced his profession ever since. In 1882 he took an ad eundem degree in the Cleveland Medical College. He was married March 28, 1883, to Miss Mary E. Hibbard, a native of St. Joseph, Mo., born on November 4, 1863, a daughter of John and Susan Hibbard. They have one son, James, who was born September 29, 1884. The Doctor is a Repub- lican is his political views, has served one term in the city council, and belongs to the following social orders: A. F. & A. M. and K. of P. W. N. Woodward is a successful real estate and rental agent of Kansas City, Kas., was born near Tazewell, Tenn. , August 17, 1849, and at the age of three months was taken to Kentucky by his parents and was there reared to manhood, receiving his education in the com- mon schools. He was married at the age of seventeen years. When he had attained his twentieth year he came to Arkansas, but in 1871 removed to Platte County, Mo., where he made his home for one year, then resided in Wyandotte County, Kas., eight years, and the follow- ing eight years was a resident of Clyde, Kas. Since that time he has been a resident of this county, and from 1872 to 1875 was engaged in farming, and from 1875 to 1880 was in the mercantile business in May- wood, this county. After following the same calling in Clyde for two years he engaged in buying and selling cattle, but sold off his stock at the end of three years and engaged in the mercantile business in Clyde for three years. Selling out he then removed to Kansas City, where he successfully followed both occupations. The most of his attention at the present time, however, is given to real estate, and a considerable portion of the land which he handles is at Brighton Hill .^ and Edgerton Place. He was married in London, Ky. , to Miss Mary Miller, who was born April 2'2, 1847, and to them a family of eight children have been born: Milton G., Nannie B. , John A., Daniel H. , Ellen, Hattie M. , Viola and William N. , Jr. Mr. Woodward is a Royal Arch Mason, a Republican in his political views, and he and his wife are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His sons manage his mercantile establishment, and are pushing a paying business. His parents, C. C. and Nancy (Williams) Woodward, were born in Tennessee, and the father is still residing in London, Ky., aged sixty-six, but his wife died in 1862, at the age of forty-six years. The paternal great-great-grandfather was an Irishman, who removed to America in a very early day, and his son, the great grandfather of the subject of this sketch was born in Pennsylvania, but afterward moved to North Carolina, thence to Tennessee, and afterward to Ken- tucky, where he died. C. C. Woodward served in the Union army during the late war, being a member of the Seventh Kentucky Regi- ment of Infantry. The grandfather enlisted in the War of 1812, but as there happened to be 101 men in the company he was dismissed, and was thus thrown out of the service. C. T. Wortman, police judge, Argentine, Kas. James H. Wort- man, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a native of Penn- sylvania, born on May 1, 1820. He married Miss Mary Geddes, a native of Ohio, and to them were born three children. The father learned the saddler's trade in youth, and carried this on until 1855, at Bristol, Ohio. He then moved with his family to Crawfordsville, Iowa, in a prairie schooner, and engaged in farming. Before mov- ing to Iowa he had loss all his property by going security for his friends, and therefore he was compelled to go West. As before stated, he emigrated to Iowa, and arrived in that State with only $35 and his team. He is still a resident of that State, is the owner of 400 acres of land, and is extensively engaged in raising live stock. He has a fine residence and a commodious barn, which will stable sixty-five head of horses. The mother's family is of Scotch descent, and her father was a soldier in the War of 1812, enlisting shortly after his arrival to the United States from Scotland. C. T. Wortman was born in McConnellville, Ohio, on September 7, 184<), passed his boyhood and youth in Iowa, assisted his father on the farm, and remained on the same until eighteen years of age. He was then thrown fiom his horse in a snow bank, had his leg injured, and his hands and feet frozen from a severe storm which came up, and later 9 fy ^1 ^^ had a severe spell of lung fever resulting from the exposure. After recovering he went to the lumber regions, bought one-half interest in a lumber-mill, and was thus engaged for three years. During this time he went to school, fitting himself for mercantile life, attended an academy, and later passed a successful examination for an entrance to the Cornell College, at Cornell, Iowa. He gave np his interest in the mill, owing to an accident taking place. His father, who was on a visit to the mill, was standing on the saw-carriage to examine the workings of the saw, when our subject reversed the motion of the carriage, and his father narrowly escaped being cut in two by the saw before he could get out of the way, but being thrown one side his life was saved. After this our subject had enough of mill- ing, and went to Davenport, Iowa, where he took a course in the Bryant & Stratton Commercial College, and afterward accepted the position of traveling salesman for a wholesale house, becom- ing posted in the different lines in the mercantile business, and following it for three years. He afterward went to Moline, 111., ac- cepted a situation with the Victor Scale Company, and remained with them for four years, after which he changed to the Moline Plow Com- pany, and there remained one year. He then started a grocer}^ store, carried this on for three years, and once more returned to Iowa, where he remained four years. From there he came direct to Argentine, where he has since resided, and where he was engaged in the Atchinson, To- peka & Santa Fe office until September 29, 1889. He was then elected police judge. In 1870 he was married to Miss Martha J. Warren, a native of Illinois, born October 19, 18-13, and the daughter of Lowman Warren, who was born in New Jersey. To Mr. and Mrs. Wortman were born six children, four now living: Mary E., Lois H., Milton and Minnie (twins). Those deceased were named James W. and Esther. Mr. Wortman is a Republican in his politics, and was elected to his office from the citizens' ticket. He is a member of Crawfordville Lodge No. 37, A. F. & A. M. , of twenty- three years' standing, and is also a member of the Modern Woodman, of which he is secretary. Mrs. Wort- man is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is also a member and a trustee. D. S. Young is a loan specialist of Kansas City, Kas. , and is well known to the business men of Wyandotte County, as a man of sterling principles and methodical business habits. He was born in Upper Cana- da, in 1822, there also received his rearing and education. He lost his first wife while still a resident of that province, she leaving him with the ■fv* ■VJ a > 1 WYANDOTTE COUNTY. care of two children, one of whom is now deceased, Anna M. bein<. st.l ahve. Mr. Young was in Oswego, N. Y., when the late Rebellion broke out, but did not move his family thither. In 1866 he came to Kansas City, Mo., and soon settled in Clay County, near the city, but after t,llmg the soil there for two years, he removed to Kansas for the beneht of h.s health, and purchased a farm where Argentine is now situated, which place continued to be his home from 1869 to 1880 He has since devoted his attention to loaning money, and does a cood and safe business. His second marriage also took place in Canada, his wife being Miss Mary Short, a native of that province, and to their union, a family of six living children have been born: Maggie Mi- nerva, ^\ ilham, John, Frankie and Edith. Mr. Young has always 'been a Democrat in his political views, and he and wife are members of the Episcopal Church. He was one of the first trustees, and assessed Shawnee Township four times. His paternal great-great-grandfather Young was at the siege of Londonderry. The great-grandfather came to America, and his son was born in New Hampshire, and was a Loy- alist during the Revolutionary War, and held the rank of major in the British army. Grandfather Stinson was a captain in the same, and both families were banished to Canada after the close of the war where they were given large tracts of land for their loyalty to the crown, and were known as U. E. (United Empire) loyalists. Hon. W. H. H. Young, present member of the Legislature from Wyandotte County, Kansas City, Kas. Not without justice, Mr. Youno- IS conceded to hold a representative position among the prominent and successful men of Wyandotte County, for he has rendered it valuable service in many different capacities, some of which are referred to in the present sketch . His liirth occurred in Montgomery County. Tenn. , in 1841, and he remained in his native State until sixteen vears of age^ after which he moved with his parents to McDonald County, 111., and there finished his education in the high schools. April 18, 1861, he entered the Northern army, enlisting in Company C. Sixteenth Illi- nois Infantry, after the first call for three months' service by President Lincoln, and was mustered out in July of the same year, on account of his being too small. Determined to enlist at all hazards, he went to St. Joseph, Mo., but was not successful here, but went to St. Louis, and became a drummer in the Tenth Missouri Infantry, at Hermann,' Mo. Later he was put back in the company, and became a regular soldier. In June of 1862 he was sunstruck between Corinth" and Holly Springs, Miss., and was taken to the hospital, where he remained ^\ I te - from September until January. As soon as convalescent he was de- tailed as hospital steward, and when inUy recovered he was transferred to Company A, Cavalry (January, 1863), serving with that company until February, 1865, and participating in all its engagements. He enlisted as a private, was promoted to sergeant, then orderly, and was holding the last-named rank when he was captured, between Yazoo City and Benton, Miss. He was retained a prisoner two months, and afterward participated in the battle of Vicksburg. May 2, 1864, he was again captured, but made his escape by getting out of a three- story building. The blanket by which he sought to lower himself tore in two, letting him fall. He broke his foot, and was captured again, but finally was exchanged June 28, of the same year. He was scout for Gen. Elliott for a year, and was afterward promoted to the rank of lieutenant. He was mustered out at Vicksburg, Miss., Feb- ruary 26, 1865. He was wounded four times, was sunstruck twice, and had many narrow escapes during service. He was a brave soldier, a gallant officer, and served his country faithfully and well. He par- ticipated in the following battles: Corinth, luka. Duck Creek, Austin, Richmond (La.), Coleman's Cross Roads, Richmond (Ga.), Port Gibson^ Grand Gulf, Rodney (Miss.), Helena, Bolivar, Fort Derusha, Nashua, Hayes Point, Yazoo City, Washington (Miss.), and was in twenty-six altogether, besides numerous skirmishes. He came to Kansas City after the war, and has been a resident of this county ever since, with the exception of from 1871 to 1874, when he resided in Illinois. He was a railroad contractor for some time, was then in the lumber busi- ness, and afterward conducted a flour mill. Six years ago be sold out the mill, and has been engaged in the real estate business ever since. In 1888 he was elected to represent Wyandotte County in the Legis- lature, in a very strong Democratic district, which position he filled in a satisfactory manner. He is a member of the G. A. R., having joined that organization in 1868, and has passed through all the chairs. He is also a member of the I. O. O. F., has passed through all the chairs, and all the chairs of the K. P., being a member of the Grand Lodge of this; also a member of the A. O. U. W., E. A. U. and P. O. of H. He is very prominent as a G. A. R. , and takes an active part in all reunions, and above all likes to meet the ' ' boys in blue ' ' who were in his command, or any who were in the army. Mr. Yoimg is the owner of considerable real estate, has a number of lots in Kansas City and considerable land in the county. He is a stanch Repub- lican in his political views, and was the only one of his relatives, ex- ^ D "ly -41 !li cept one brother, who served in the Union army. He had an uncle who held the rank of brigadier-general in the Confederate army. Mr. Young is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His parents, George Haywood and Sarah E. (Harris) Young, were natives of North Carolina and Virginia, respectively. The father was a successful M. D., and practiced his profession in Illinois from 1854 to 1856. His death occurred in the following year. He was also a member of the Method- ist Episcopal Church. He and wife were the parents of nine children. Hon. VV. H. H. Young was married in Wyandotte County, Kas. , to Miss Martha E. Gephart, and to them were born four children: Henry E., Maude M., Florence E. and Cora M. Charles O. Young is the efficient superintendent of the Swift & Co. Packing House, of Kansas City, Kas., but was born in Manchester, N. H., May 12, 1861, his parents being Leroy and Julia A. (Hatch) Young, who were natives of New Hampshire and Vermont, respec- tively. Charles O. Young accompanied his parents to Brighton, Mass. , (a suburb of Boston) when he was a lad of thirteen years, and there he spent his youth, receiving a good education. During his early life, when not in school, he was employed in the slaughter-house of N. E. Hollis at Brighton, and remained thus occupied until he attained his majority, at which time he came West to Chicago, and entered the employ of Swift & Co. ,' of that city, and has since been one of their em- ployes, a period of eight years. In November, 1887, he was trans- ferred to Kansas City, Kas., and for two years he was foreman of the slaughtering department, but on April 1, 1889, was promoted to super- intendent, and has since discharged the duties of that responsible position in a highly creditable manner. He is one of the foremost young business men of Kansas City, and those who know him have a high regard for him, for he is possessed of those sterling qualities which make a true man. Genial and friendlj' with those around him he possesses many warm fi'iends, and he and his wife, whose maiden name was Etta L. Brayton, and whom he married March 13, 1888, are highly esteemed by all who, know them. She was born in York State, but was residing in Chicago at the time of their marriage. Mr. Young is a Mason, being a member of Mizpah Lodge No. 152, of Chi- cago, Chicago Chapter aud Chevalier Bayard Commandery No. 52, of Chicago, and has also taken the thirty-third degree in this order. Isaac R. Zane, fruit-grower, Qaindaro, Kas. Mr. Zane is a native of the Buckeye State, his birth occurring on September 10, 1826, and is a son of Isaac and Hannah (Dickenson) Zane. The father was a -^ Wyandotte Indian, born and reared in Ohio, and received but a limit- ed education, preferring the Indian life to the more civilized. He was married on April 13, 1815, when comparatively a young man, and to his union were born fourteen children — seven sons and six daughters: Hester, Noah, Sarah, Robert, Ebeneezer, Catherine (who died when an infant), James, Elizabeth, Hannah, Eliza, Eli, Leslie and William. All but three of these children grew to mature years, and three are now living, Ebeneezer (born in 1824, is now living in Wyandotte, and on account of his age, has retired from business) and Hannah (resides in Johnson County, Kas.) The father of these children died on May 12, 1849, and his wife survived him forty years, living a widow the remainder of her days. Her death occurred on November 14, 1886. After her husband's death Mrs. Zane came to her son Isaac in Wyandotte County, and here the younger members of her family were reared and educated. The sons were farmers. After the younger children were about grown she retiirned to Isaac, and here passed the remainder of her days. An event of note occurred during the life of Elizabeth Zane, which has been immortalized by the poet, as follows: 'Twas more than a hundred years ago. They were close beset by the dusky foe; They had spent of powder their scanty store. And who the gauntlet should run for more? She sprang to the portal, and shouted, "I! 'Tis better a girl than a man should die! My loss would t)e but the garrison's gain. Unbar the gate!" said Elizabeth Zane. The powder was sixty yards awaj', Around her the foemen in ambush lay; As she darted from shelter they gazed with awe, Then wildly shouted, "A squaw! a squaw! " She neither swerved to the left nor right. Swift as an antelope's was her flight. " Quick! Open the door! " she cried amain, " For a hope forlorn! Tis Elizabeth Zane." No time had she to waver or wait; Back she must go ere it be too late; She snatched from the table its cloth in haste. And knotted it deflly about lier waist, Then tilled it with powder — never, I ween, Had powder so tidy a magazine — Then, scorning the bullets, a deadly rain. Like a startled fawn, fled Elizabeth Zane. She gained the fort with her precious freight; Strong hands fastened the oaken gate; Brave men's eyes were sutf used with tears That had there been strangers for many years. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 891 From flint-lock rifles again there sped 'Gainst the skullving redskins a storm of lead; And the war-whoop sounded that day in vain. Thanks to the deed of Elizabeth Zane. Talk not to me of Paul Revere, A man on liorseback with naught to fear; Nor of old John Burns, with his bell-crowned hat — He'd an army to back him, so what of that'? Here's to the heroine, plump and brown. Who ran the gauntlet in Wheeling town! Hers is a record without a stain — Beautiful, buxom Elizabeth Zane. Isaac R. Zane remained in Ohio until nineteen years of age, attending school for a short time at the Wyandotte Mission in Ohio, but most of the time he was on the farm. His people having left Ohio, Mr. Zane followed them in a year or so, and made his advent in this county in 18-1:6, being entitled to the claim of the oldest resident in point of habitation. At that time Kansas was an unbroken wilderness, in- habited by Indians who lived as Indians do, depending chiefly upon the fruits of the chase and line for a livelihood. After being here for a period of six or eight years he opened up a small farm near the present site of Quindaro, and began tilling the soil. Their farming implements were of the crudest kind, and his farming operations were limited to a few acres. Their principal crops were corn, wheat, oats and potatoes. Game was scarce even when he first moved here, and usually in the fall of the year hunting parties would go farther west and return at the end of six weeks or two months laden with buffalo, elk and antelope. Early in the fifties white men began to encroach upon the domain of the Indian, and with them came a new order of things. Soon came the border troubles, in which many of the Indians took an active part, some on one side and some on the other. Mr. Zane held aloof, and later, when the war came on, he was in the State Militia. When, with the forced consent of the Indians, the land was parceled otit, Mr. Zane received thirty acres as his portion, and shortly afterward the right to sell was given. Then the white man came in for a certain amount of land, the Indians being cheated in many instances, selling out for practically nothing. Mr. Zane held his land until about four years ago, when taking advantage of the boom he sold out. When Kansas City and Wyandotte began to assume the promise of their present proportions, Mr. Zane tiu'ned his attention to fruit growing, planting orchard trees and vines, and was actively en- gaged in this occupation when he sold out. He has never practically re- tired from business. Mr. Zane has been twice married, first to Miss Mary ^ r(^ r«- 892 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. E. Unangst, of German descent, and they reared one daughter, Cora E. (wife of Thomas E. Walker, a Wyandotte, now living in the Terri- tory). After about two years of married life Mrs. Zane died, and ten years later Mr. Zane married Mrs. Elizabeth Proctor. They have no family. Mr. Zane was reared to believe in the Methodist doctrine, but his wife is a member of the Lutheran Church. About the time the land was given the Indian, he was given the right to franchise, and Mr. Zane affiliated with the Democratic party. Since the forming of his tribe in the nation his rights have been abrogated, and he is now disfranchised. He intends, as soon as his business will permit, to go to the nation and there pass the remainder of his days. But few of his people remain here, and that inborn desire to die among one's own people is strong in him. Personally Mr. Zane shows nothing of the usual accepted type of Indian. He is six feet tall, very erect, rather spare, and his hair and beard are both iron gray. His keen gray eyes have lost none of their brilliancy, and in manners he is affable and pleasant. All in all a person would take him for a professional man. Henry Boeke is a well known and highly respected German- Amer- ican citizen of Wyandotte County, Kas. His parents. Court and Christine (Boekhausen) Boeke, were natives of Germany, which was their place of residence during their lifetime. They were always en- gaged in agricultural pursuits, and were in all ways most worthy cit- izens. Henry Boeke' s youth and early manhood were spent assisting his parents upon the farm, and like all German youths received a good common-school education. Hoping to better his condition, in the summer of 1854 he took passage from Bremen for New York, arriving there after an eight weeks' voyage on a sailing vessel. His first stopping place was at Dayton, Ohio, where he remained about one year, and then went to Illinois, where for two years he followed various employments in the towns of Quincy and Jacksonville. In 1857 he went to Kansas City, Mo., remaining in that vicinity until 1860, when he went to Wyandotte County, Kas. , renting a farm from an Indian chief named Armstrong, and began the life of an agricult- urist. There were few whites in the neighborhood at that time, but his Indian neighbors were kind, and they got along amicably. In 1865 Mr. Boeke moved to where he now resides, and where by his pluck, industry and intelligence he has made for himself one of the most comfortable and nicely improved homes in the county. The place consists of twenty-five acres all in orchard and garden and un- ^ a, ' r - ~ ^ to V T T WYANDOTTE COUNTY. 893 der the highest state of cultivation. In 1864 Mr. Boeke was united in marriage with Miss Henrietta Walker, a native of Germany. To this union have been born four children: August, Louisia, Henry, Jr., and Lena. Mr. Boeke now lives in practical retirement, having secured a competency. He has never aspired to any social or political prominence, but has been content to serve his family and friends in a less conspicuous but more substantial manner. He has and justly merits the respect and confidence of all who know him. Timothy McMahon is a native of the old city of Limerick, Ire- land, on the famed Shannon Eiver, where he was born in 1826, being the third of six children, and is now the only surviving member of the family. His parents were also natives of the Emerald Isle, the father an agriculturist by occupation, and both are now deceased. Mr. McMahon obtained sufficient education in his youth to fit him for the everyday affairs of life, and when only fifteen years of age, started out for himself as an apprentice at the blacksmith's trade, he at that time having not a shilling in his pocket. After becoming the thorough master of his trade, he began following it, continuing for twenty- five years, and being industrious and of an economic disposition, he did well. He became dissatisfied with life in his native land, and thinking to better his financial condition, he determined to come to America, which he did in the fall of 1847, and time has shown the wisdom of this move. He first landed at Quebec, from there went to the Green Moun- tain State, later to New York, Massachusetts, and back to Vermont, his residence in these States consuming three years. In 1850 he emigrated to Indiana, where he remained until the spring of 1855, when he took a trip across the continent to California, where he remained, work- ing at his trade until 1859. He then came back east as far as Wyan- dotte County, Kas., but after remaining here one year, returned to California, after having purchased 120 acres of land in this county. He made his home in California until the fall of 1866, since which time he has been contented to make his home on his farm in Wyandotte County, Kas., where he has made many valuable improvements, and has seen the country converted from a wilderness into waving fields of grain. Where once the Indian roamed, hunted and fished at will, flourishing towns have sprung up, and schools, churches and farm- houses dot the landscape. His now valuable farm of 200 acres, which at that time was mostly covered with timber and brush, has by the magic hands of industry and enterprise, become an admirably kept farm, and now yields Mr. McMahon a sufficient income to make him IV ^^jg i^ ^ g ^ 894 HISTOKY OF KANSAS. independent for the rest of his days. He has an elegant home, com- fortable surroundings, and he and his estimable wife have, the satisfac- tion of knowing that what they now have, has been acquired by their own hands. Mr. McMahon was married in August, 1870, to Miss Ellen Donahue, a native of Greenfield, Va., her education being received in the Sisters' Seminary, in Kansas City, Mo. To them eight children have been born: James (aged seventeen), Nellie (aged sixteen), Maggie (aged fifteen), Timothy (aged thirteen), Patrick (aged twelve), Katie (aged ten), Rosa (aged seven), and Serilla (aged four years). Mr. McMahon is well posted on all the current topics of the day, and in his political views is a Democrat, his first presidential vote being cast for Franklin Pierce. He has been a member of the district school board for eleven years, and he and his wife are ardent members of the Roman Catholic Church, and are very charitable and kindly in disposition. Harrison S. Toy is one of the wide-awake and enterprising business men of Kansas City, Kas. , and besides being known as one of the lead- ing grocers of the place, he is also well known in social circles, and by his genial disposition and cordiality has won many warm personal friends. His birth occurred in Franklin County, Ohio, on April 1, 1854, being a son of Harrison and Rebecca (Brobeck) Toy, a short history of whom is given in the sketch of J. F. Toy. Harrison S. spent his youth and early manhood on a farm, and was given a com- mon-school education. In 1879 he, in company with his brothers, Joseph F. and Edward C. , came West, with the intention of taking Horace Greeley's advice to young men, and has succeeded in doing this, for he and his brothers began business on only a fair scale, and by honorable dealing and the courtesy which seems a part of their nature, their business has risen to mammoth proportions, and they now constitute the leading grocery firm in the city, their establishment being, in fact, second to none in this section of the State. [For a more comjjlete mention of the business, see the sketch of J. F. Toy.] Har- rison S. Toy was married on October 19, 1882, to Miss Flora A. Adams, of this city, but she died on April 4, 1888, leaving no children. Mr. Toy has been a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, ever since he was thirteen years of age. He is a good business man, and an honorable, upright man of business. ♦- ?v M'—- ^—- l^. ERRATA. Since the publication of the within historj' and biographies the following corrections have been received too late for insertion in their proper places: Page 516: Sketch of Jacob Bloedel. 3d line. Read For June, IST'J, June, 1S77. 42d line. For Friendship, Friendship, Wis. 54th line. For she came to America with her parents, she came to America with her parents in 1868. 57th line. For Allida Anna, Elyda Anna. 58th line. For died November 25, 1875, died November 26, 1875. 59th line. For died November 27, 1875, died November 25, 1875. 60th line. For Alida Anna, Elyda Anna. 61st line. For born November 25, 1876, born November 26, 1876. 66tb line. For born November 27, 1887, born November 26, 1887. *%=^= =F=:^fV»' A V; ^-<|. ^/ -'">< ^