. ^ ^.. .^' /^W/Ko -<-^_,,'^'' f^M% ■ ^^..^^ /^ /.^ > \^J'^ ' <. : ^-^^ "hV VAO^ %..*"' yMd'^ \,^^^ - <^^ aO »LVL'* ^ V^ f.'*". ^ A- ^' '>,. • fN V , o - o , «>j ^\' ^^'% o-o -^ >-^ ^^^ ^^y %^^,.J X;,,,,^ ". O •i^ .c:^% "^ w:^ 0^ ^^ v^ . .^ The Germmamis ©f OTairy 1812— '14 TThe Germans of Maryland During the Colonial Period Published for the Star Spangled Banner Centennial September 1914 Baltimore :i JUi Introductory THE Star Spangled Haiiner Centennary suggested the writing of this sketch. It was written before the first signs of the world war appeared It is principally baseii upon research of the Society for the History of the Germans in Maryland. The writer owes valuable mater- ial to Mr. Otto Lohrof New York Investigations of the author made in the Baltimore libraries and the Library of Congress have been added. To the soiirces of his information the writer wishes to express sincere thanks. The characteristics of the " hyphenated-American " have again and again been discussed in these days. It will appear from the following pages that we as Americans reject both the hyphen and any quotation marks. Nor do we believe in the much beloved idea of America as the melting pot. Nor are we merely enjoying hospital- ity in a foreign land. But rather we helped to make the land what it is to-day. And the Germans of to-day are only continuing the splendid history of their forefathers on American soil. They were not immigrants who live from ihe results of the labor of others and who have to take things as things are, but they produced values themselves : they shaped things, they influenced the development and gave it color. They were pioneers. This country would not be what it is without them. Were their characteristic individual traits to disappear in the "melting pot," this beloved land of ours would be the loser. August. 1914. Lie. Dr. Julius Hofmann The Germans of Maryland During the Colonial Period Prior to 1812 ^'^ ^^^^ ^^^' ^^ L'^l'^-lini the (icrnians •:=:==^^^= stood in the front ranks, and it is but historical justice that we shouUl record their names and deeds on the following pages. These records may be preceded by a short sketch of German immigration in city and State to illustrate how measurably the Germans contributed to the upbuilding and development of Baltimore and the State of Maryland. German immigration into Maryland began about 17 o2. The colony then had about 32,000 inhabitants, in- cluding negroes. Augustin Herrmann was the leader of the German immigration. He may be called "the Pas- torius of Maryland." r)Orn in Bohemia, at Prague, in 1621, he arrived in America in 1643. He had won fame in the colony of New Amsterdam, whence he was sent to Maryland by Peter Stuyvesant on a j^olitical mission in 1660. Under an agreement entered into with Cecilius Calvert, Second Lord of Baltimore, he made a timr- oughly comprehensive and correct map of ^farvland. It was sent to England and engraved by the best engraver of that time, and when published was pronounced bv the King to have been the best map he had ever seen. This work was most highly commended, and proved of inestimable value, and in consideration thereof Herr- mann, in KU;;?. received a patent of 5,000 acres of land in Cecil County, titled "Bohemia Manor." Herrmann very naturally became a man of great and widespread influ- ence, so that in 1G85 William Blankenstein, Johann and Martin Falkner and a large number of other Germans were induced to purchase land and settle in Cecil County. Herrmann was granted a patent for 5,000 acres of land in 1663; his estate was called "Bohemia Manor." He was elected representative to the General Assembly, rep- resenting Baltimore. One of the most interesting figures of the colonial period was Johann Lederer, a German, and a man pos- sessing extraordinary educational and linguistic qualifi- cations. Endowed with an indomitable courage and a restless spirit of adventure, he was fitted out by Governor Berkley, of Virginia, to head an expedition to discover a pass through the mountains (Blue Ridge and Allegha- nies) to India, which at that time was supposed to lie beyond them to the west. His wonderful adventures in these efiforts, recorded in Latin, were translated into English by Lord Talbot, and published in London in 1672. Western Maryland was settled by the Germans mostly from Pennsylvania. Streams of immigrants poured over the Blue Ridge Mountains as the result of a proclamation issued by Charles Calvert, Fifth Lord of Baltimore, m 1732, offering liberal inducements to settlers on the lands lying between the Susquehanna and Potomac rivers. Others came from Germany. Johann Thomas Schley, a teacher and organist, was one of the men who at this time came to Maryland, and it is claimed that he erected the first house in Frederick- Town. Among his direct descendants were Col. William Louis Schley and Admiral Winfield Scott Schley. In 1760 Western Maryland boasted of eight German churches. The first German church in Baltimore was erected in 1750, to which a schoolhouse was added in 1756. Jonathan Hager, together with a number of others, in 1739 settled in what is now Washington County, having come from Germany a few years previous. In 1762, Hag^er heiii^' one of the largest landed proprie- tors in Western Maryland, laid out a town site and named it Elizabeth-Town, after his wife. In 1813, agreeably ro the popular wish of the people, the name was legally changed to Hagerstown by act of the legislature. Hager had the distinction of being twice elected to the legislature, twice unseated and twice re-elected, serving out both terms. As a German immigrant he was ineligible unaer the laws of England, and the legislature passed an enabling act, which had to be approved by Lord Baltimore, the proprietor of the Province. Governor Eden, of Mary- land, forwarded this act to Lord Baltimore in a letter written January 23, 1773, which contained the following expressions given as a reason for the act : "I can venture to assure Your Lordship that the people in whose favor this act was passed have the merit of being most useful subjects. . . They are generally an industrious, labo- rious people. Their improvement of a wilderness into well-stocked plantations, the example and beneficial ef- fects of their extraordinary industry, have raised in no small degree a spirit of emulation among the other in- habitants. That they merit the public regard is acknowl- edged by all who are acquainted with them." In 1779 the Senate of the Legislature of Maryland passed a resolution directing Messrs. Hanson, Beale and Fischer to translate into the German language certain Acts of the Assembly, and in 1787 it was ordered by the House of Delegates that the printer of Fredericktown be directed to translate into the German language the pro- ceedings of the Committee on Federal Constitution and the Resolves of the General Assembly to be printed and 300 copies equally distributed in Baltimore. Frederick and Washington Counties. The Germans thus have colonized Western Afaryland In 1825 Bernhard, Prince of \\'eimar, came through that country and wrote of the young city of Fredericktown: Ihis city IS one of the finest in the State of Marvland It lies in a well cultivated country, it has about 5000 in- habitants." Baltimore, however, profited by most of that new influx of immigration ; it outgrew its old rival, the "Port of Severn," Annapolis, which remained on the colonial stage, up to the present day ; a pearl of colonial times. 1796 Baltimore was granted a city charter, 66 years after its foundation. Annapolis has been a city ever since 1696. Of the citizens of Baltimore we name : Nicholaus Hasselbach, who established the first printing ofiice in Baltimore in 1764. Hasselbach, on a trip to Europe, was lost at sea, and his printing establishment was sold in 1773, by his widow to William Goddard, who published the "Maryland Journal and Baltimore Adver- tiser," known today as the "Baltimore American." Samuel Sauer, son of Christopher Sauer, the publisher of the first Bible — a German Bible — printed in America, published in 1793 the "Maryland Staatsregister," a Ger- man newspaper. He also published a large number of books. In 1795, in company with William Gwinn, he established a type foundry, the origin of the American Type Foundry Co. of today. Nicholaus Reitenbauer, Nicholaus Tchudi, Johann Schultz and Schaffer and Maund, also were publishers of German books. Dr. Carl Friedrich Wiesenthal, first president of "The German Society of Maryland" (organized in 1783), who also established the first medical college, which was sit- uated corner Fayette and Frederick streets. Dr. William Zollikofifer, in 1875 was physician of the German Society, and John Conrad Zollikofifer was secretary. Dr. Wiesenthal was the leading "elder" of the German church, founded 1755, afterwards called Zion church, which then already had a school of her own. Johann Jacob Astor landed in Baltimore with a stock of musical instruments in 1783. Johann Friedrich L. Ame- lung arrived here in 1784 and went to Frederick County with some of his friends and established a glass factory, which he removed to Baltimore in 1796 ; Gartz and Leopold established the first sugar refinery in the same year. Peter Frick was president of the City Council in 1797. Of the sixteen members of the City Council in 1806 ten were Germans or of German descent, viz. : George Decker and Henry Stauffer, First ward ; Jacob Small, Second ward ; Wilhelm Lorman, Third ward ; George P. Kuhbord (Keeport), Fourth ward; Balzar Schaflfer and Johann Schirm, Fifth ward ; Johann Miller, Sixth ward ; Ludwig Hering and Friedrich Schaffer, Seventh ward. Among the members of the City Council of Baltimore from 1807 to 1814 were Peter Hoffman, Adam Fonerden, Peter Diffenderfer, Johann Snyder, John Mackenheimer, Samuel Frey, Christopher Raborg, William Warner and George Woelper. Prominent in the affairs of the city, among a large num- ber of others were : Peter Frick, John Dobler, Philip Littig, Michael Schryock, Peter Sauerwein, Wilhelm Keilholtz, Heinrich Winter, Jacob Ad. Knott, Ernst Fauth, Nicholas Emich and his brother. Col. Peter, who wrote his name "Amigh," Lorenz Thomson, David Hoff- man, William Schroeder, Fred. Waesche, Ludwig Brantz, Chris. Weishampel, Johann Fusselbach, Ludwig Hering, August Schwatka, Erasmus Uhler, Heinrich Dukehart, William Krebs and Peter Atn. Karthaus. The Germans apparently played a prominent part in the foundation of both city and state. This is also evident from their number in the wars of independence. They formed a large part of the militia, of which the English general despisingly said : 'T shall come to Baltimore, even if it rains militias." He never saw Baltimore. The War of 1776 ^^^ following Germans came from - Maryland: Major Ludowick Welt- ner, from Fredericktown, promoted to the rank of colonel of the Eighth Maryland Regiment; organized a German ])atallion at the very beginning of the war, was made lieutenant colonel in 1777. John Strieker, the hero of North Point, commanded a company in his balallion. Strieker, together with the Leberings (Levering), be- longed to the merchants of Bahimore. Christopher Orendorff was a major in the Sixth Mary- land Regiment, Captain Peter Mackenheimer organized a German military company in Baltimore in 1787. Dr. Wiesenthal was chief surgeon of the Maryland troops during the war. The City of Baltimore. ^ Committee of Vigilance and =1=^==:^^= Safety of thirty, of which the Mayor was chairman, was formed for mutual protec- tion. Of this committee the following were Germans or of German descent : Henry Stauffer, Solomon Etting, William Lorman, Adam Fonerden, Frederick Schaefer, George Woelper, Herrmann Alrichs, George Warner and John Dobler, all members of the German Society of ^Maryland. Among those superintending the erection of fortifica- tions are Phillip Cronmiller, Ludwig Hering, Friederick Leypold, Henry Schroeder, Peter Gold and George Deck- er. In the ward committees we find Christian Keller, Bal- thasar Schaefer and Jacob Miller. Peter Dififenderfer, AVilliam Braun and Daniel Dififenderfer were members of the Relief Committee. Field Surgeons ^- ^- '^^^"^ ^'^^ surgeon of the 5. zi:=i=:^=: Regiment of mounted militia ; Michael Dififenderfer assistant surgeon in the 1. Regiment of artillery (militia). Levee en Masse, ^he muster rolls show a great many — German names. Whole troops con- sisted entirely of Germans, like the corps of sharpshoot- ers and volunteers of Hagerstown. In several corps the commands were given in the German language. The following commands were distinctly German, viz : The Baltimore Jaeger (Yagers), Captain Philip B. Sadt- ler; Graue Jaeger, Lieutenant Gregorius Andre, who was killed at North Point. This troup formed the first company of the Union Jaeger, Captain Dominic Bader; First Baltimore Light Infantry, Captain John S. Krim ; L^nion Volunteers, Captain Christian Adreon. Besides there was a company of volunteers from York, Pa., com- manded by Captain Michael Spangler; a troop of volun- teers from Hanover, Pa., under Captain Frederick Aletz- ger; a company of volunteers from Hagerstovvn ; Captain Jacob Baer's company of Maryland Cavalry and the Franklin Artillery, commanded by Captain Joseph Meyer. Out of their g^reat number we mention : John Clemm, sergeant in Captain Nicholson's company of Baltimore Fencibles, killed in Fort McHenry. Captain Benjamin Ringgold, who commanded a com- pany at North Point. Daniel Schanzauer, Benjamin Edes and George Steever were captains in the 27. Regi- ment. Peter Gault, John D. Miller, Thomas and Andreas. Warner and Henry Meyer were captains of the 39. Regi- ment. Captain Michael Haubert, Luke Kierstadt and Michael Peter were under Colonel Henry Ameg of 51. Regiment, who, on the muster-rolls and orders, signs his name "Amich." while his descendants adhere to the correct family name of "Emich." Others are f Johann Lohr, G. B. Kuhbord (Keeport), Christopher Mayer, Samuel Gerock (presumably a son of the pastor of Zion Church 1788 j, Johann Linden- berg. Johann Mackenheimer and Johann Ritter. North Point. General John Strieker was commander of — the Third Brigade. He was born in I'rederick i:59, son of Colonel George Strieker of revo- lutionary fame. Having been promoted to the rank of cap- tain, John Strieker betook himself to Baltimore to be- come a merchant. His "urbanity" is praised by a later army report. He was vice-president of the German So- ciety in 18i;-18-<»8. On the battlefield Captain John Lester, color-bearer of the gallant 27. Maryland Regiment, distinguished him- self. We possess a most interesting army report con- cerning the conduct of a German soldier . . . The bold and intrepid charges which Sergeant Keller of Cap- tain Bird's company of l\ S. Light Dragoons made upon the rear guard of the retreating enemy, with but three dragoons, in which he dispersed a guard of 18 fusileers, taking six of them prisoners despite of their fire and that of a four-pounder within half canister distance, which made three close charges at him, deserves the highest approbation, and the skill and dexterity with which he accomplished this bold achievement proves he will be competent to a more considerable command, to which the justice of his government will no doubt advance him. The Coast Defense. Lieutenant Gombel, of the Guer- =z=zz=^^^^^^=r rere, was stationed near Sparrows Point road with one hundred men and seven guns ; near- by was Lieutenant Kuhn with a detachment of marines. ■Lieutenant Rutter, the senior officer of the flotilla, Avas in command of all the barges and craft moored between Fort McHenry and the Lazaretto. On the left of the water-battery, Sailing Master Rothman was stationed with fifty-four seamen. Fort McHenry. ^^^^ garrison at Fort McHenry con- z==== sisted of about 1000 men, prominent among them were Captain Henry Steiner's company of artillery from Frederick and Capt. James Piper's L^nited Maryland Artillery. Commander in Chief was Major George Armistead, U. S. Artillery. He was of German descent, his ancestors having come from Hesse-Darmstadt and settled in the Shenandoah Valley at New Market, Virginia, where he was born. The family name was originally Arm- staedt. This anglicizing of German names during" the colonial period was first introduced by William Penn, who thereby sought to neutralize in part the alarming influx of Germans. This changing of family patronymics frequently resulted in the loss of the original name and nationality of families. Schuricht's "History of the Ger- man Element in Virginia" contains a list of one hundred and seventy-four names, among which is that of Arm- istead, that were anglicized. In many cases the clerks of the record offices "simplified" the spelling of the German names by giving what they thought to be their English equivalent. Names on the muster-rolls were similarly changed, giving \'oss, Vos and Vause for the same name. An interesting instance is offered in the name of Colonel Peter Little. He was ci^born in Pennsylvania December 11, 1775, and was of 'German and French extraction, his grandfather having emigrated from Germany in 1735 and settled in Penn- sylvania, where he laid out Lilllestown. In November, 178J>, Peter Little removed to Baltimore, and in October, 180G, represented Baltimore county in the legislature. He was appointed to the command of the oUth Maryland Regiment of Militia; 19th of May, 1813, he was appointel colonel of the 38th V. S. Infantry, which he retained until the close of the war, June, 1815, when his regiment was disbanded. Whether Lieutenant Colonel Small is a disguised Schmall or Schmoll or Klein cannot be established. He commanded the 3i). Regiment of ^Maryland militiamen, and was commander of Fort Madison, near Annapolis. A German Family. ^^ ^''^^ O" ^he upper end of Chesa- — pcake Bay that the American arms were victorious. Out of Maryland upon the northern theatre of war w^e are led by a diary of a Marylander, Dr. Christian Boerst- ler, an immigrant from the Palatinate. The diar)^ was finished A. D. 1817. He had four sons in the war of 1812. All of them were born in Frederick. The oldest son. a merchant, was made colonel, organized a regi- ment, and marched to Canada. The second son, who had made his home in Ohio, was captain of a company of riflemen in (ieneral Hull's command at Detroit; he was killed at Brownstown. The third son was ensign at the time when the British "put fire to Washington." He became a captain of the militia. The fourth, and last, fought in the "Battle of Baltimore," having the rank of lieutenant. The Na Among the manuscript treasures of the — Congressional Library there is a diary kept l)y David (ieisinger, on board of C S. war sloop Wasp. lie was born in Marvland 17 !K). His rank was that of midshipman during the brilliant cruise of the Wasp off the English Coast. Congress passed a vote of thanks to Geisinger for his conduct in the affair between the Wasp and the Reindeer, June 28, 1814. "He had the good for- tune to be sent to Savannah, Ga., in command of the prize brig Atalanta and escaped the fate of the 'Wasp,' which was lost with all on board." Captain Geisinger was for several years in command of the naval asylum in Philadelphia. He died March 5, 1860. The privateers of the war of 1812 won great fame. Among them was the Chasseur, one of the best equipped, familiarly called the Pride of Baltimore, commanded by Captain Thomas Boyle. Her first officer was John Die- ter, whose skill and courage displayed in the seizing of the St. Lawrence off Havana was especially recognized by his commander. The following Germans were own- ers of privateers : Walkman, two with the name of Schwartz, two with the name of Diffenderfer, Snyder, Karthaus, Keller and Boyer. A glimpse of the war : a short note in a contemporary paper reads : "Francis Xavier Muller, of Baltimore, whilst attempting to swim to the shore from the privateer Jaul Jones was taken down by an alligator in the Savannah river." lOTxJxWxjxMx^ It cannot be tlie task of this little book, destined to be a tribute to the Star-spangled Banner Centennial, to give the details and comparati\e figures, obtainable in the archives, but the reader will easily realize the impor- tance of the German element in the colonial history of our beloved State. To be sure, this sketch covers but a small section of the history of the United States, yet from these few pages it will appear that also to Mary- land the word of a recent writer holds true : "America owes to Germany more than she can ever repay." We cannot help, though we transgress the scope of this sketch, pointing to the facts of the I'nion war. Out of a German population of 1,118,402 in the States, 187,- 8.58 enlisted in the war, a larger percentage than in any other nationality. If one speaks of the "Defenders," he must never lose sight of the fact that the Germans were in their front ranks. caxM:xMxa3[M]^^ TXh W^txxt\Axtn im ^J^*^^gi^*^i^^ c o ittx iv^^Uiuicthi^it i^croff mttlicltt Eur :S"tcrncitbauncrfinin- Dorirort (Sou 3nm (5riiH! Had?ftct|cn6e 5ft53C tft anoiercoit bindj bie ^eicr ber Stabt i^altimorc aiildf5lid7 ber hmibcrtftcti IPtcberFcl^r bcs 3ahrcstao;c5 bcr rdjiadit ron JTortt) point luii) &cr *£tit= ftebuttcj bcs '£icbc:5 vom Stcriiciibaniicr. 5ie beriil^t gro^tciitcils auf ^Ingabcii, Me Mc ^Irbeit ber (SefcUfc^aft .iiir i£rforfd?ung her (Scfdpiditc bcr Pcutfdpen niarylaii!)^ .lUtagic geforbert l^at. Sel^r inel iicrtianFt ftc beii aiisuic= bchinten Stubicn 0tto Solars aiis ilcnyorf, bem 'Kcniier bcutfd7er (5efd?id?tc in JImerifa. t£tii)Iid? bcrubt fie auf cigiicn nntcrfud?iin^en bes Derfaffers, bcr ben bcibcii ror= genannten 3"ft^i".ii-'" ^•"■"^? '•i" bicfer 5tellc fcitic l">erp= flid?tnna befetint. yuguft I9H Uc. Dr. 3 u 1 i u s I7 o f m a 11 n ^fiK-b bcr "Kvicj roii 18\2— \8\^ fat? bie DcutMioii in "^^ bin porborftcn Hcit^en, unb w'w crfiillcn Icbialtdi cine Pflid)t 6cr tjcfdnd^tlidion 03crod}tiafeit, wcnn irir boron Hamon unb Caton ini ^olaonbon anfiil^ron. Dorbor aobon irir oinon fiirjon 2lbri^ bor cQofdiidito bor bcutfdion ^iniiHinboriUKT, in Staat unb Stabt. ^it tlla^rylall^ Vov XS\2 ^^^ boutfdio ^inuianboruna in inavylanb =^ Ijaitc uni baf. J'-^b^' '<"-^^ boyonnon. Pov Staat i^dt^lto bainab an bio 52000 (£inir>ot)nor ; bic HoJier= bcDoIfcruna oinaofdilolfon. ^fiibror bor (£in«50uvinborton unir bor „p.il'toriuf' von iruwykmb," bor Doutfd^bobnio 21 u a u f t i n I) o r in a n n , aoboron in pra^j, \62^ Von ricuaniftorb nn, wo or fid) fdion borporosotan batto, fani cr \()60 nadi IlTarylanb, in poIitifd)cr Sonbuna von potor Stuypofant bortl)tn aofdnd"!. (£ccilius (lalport, bor ^uuito €orb von Baltinioro, roranlafito ibn, oino Karto pon ^Uarvlanb an^ufortic^on, bio ,,foj;ar ba^ IPoblaofallon boi- IxoniciiS von (£noilanb" aofunbon b'-^^"'^"'' )*-"^ll- borniann luurbc bor (55runbor von ^£o:iI bounty, ^in patont auf 500;) 2tifor €anbo£. lautonb, b^^^f^' *-'^' 1665 in Hiiorfonnuiu; fcinor Porbionfto orbalton : Bobcmia illlanor unirbo bas Bo)"it>tum Oionaiint. i)orm.inn bofloi^oto bas v£bi"*-''i^i'"t oinof- Koprofontatipof. ^ur t^onoral ilffonibly. *£r portrat barin bio Stabt Baltiinoro. Sein leudjtenbes Bcifpiel unb feine (Erfolge locften 2ln6erc an : ^685 fauften IDilliam Blanfenftein, 3<^^^'^" ^ a I f n e r unb anbcre Canb in Cecil (Eounty unb lief en fid) bort nieber. lU'it f^ermann voav 3 o I? n d^ ad ge= fommen. ilT a r t i n ^aulfner erf^ielt |680 ein 5tU(J £anb — ^50 2idiv — in 2lnne Hrunbel (Eounty, unb Hobert Sabtler fiebelte fid? neun 3al)ve fpdter in Baltimore (Eounty att. IDeftmarYlanb bagegen murbe i?on Deutfd]en aus PcnnfYli^i^nien befiebelt. Zlngejogen tpurben fie il)rerfeits burd) ein Defret Don (£f?arles Calrert, bes fiinften Corbs ron Baltimore, ber im 3'^^^^ ^"^2 ben 2lnfieblern im (Seldnbe 5tt)ifi):n Su^quef^anna unb Potomac ttuntgei^enbe Dergiinftigungcn anbot. ^u ber ^eit fam unter Hnberen 3'^^^^"'^ Cl^omas Sd^ley, Sdjullel^rer unb Organift, nad? ZlTarylanb. i£r foil bas erftc V}aus in ^rebericf erbaut baben. Don il^m ftammt 2lbmiral IDin= fielb Scott Sdjlc yab. (Einen ber grofen Canbeigentiimer in ^narylanb l^aben unr jebod} in 3<^"^tl)'Jn ^ager, ber ^759 eine Kolonie nad^ tPafljington (Eounty anfutjrte, nad^bem er n?enige 3'-i^^'''' t^orl^er aus Deutfd^lanb einge= manbert u?ar. \762 entmarf er ben pian Don (£li5abetfj= tlomn, fo genannt nad) feiner ^rau. Der Hame ber Stabt ujurbe \8\3 auf ausbriicflidjes Perlangen ber Benolferung r»on ber Cegislatur in : f)ager5tou?n umgeu>anbelt. imager felber a»dl)Ite man jjweimal in bie Cegislatur. Da er, als beutfdjer (£inu)anberer, unter bem englifdjen @efe^ 5um Si^e in berfelben nid^t bered^tigt gemefen u?dre, fo fefete ber gefe^gebenbe Korper feinetmegen cinen Sonberbefd^Iuf burd), ber allerbings erft ber ^uftimmung bes Sorb Baltimore, bes f^errn ber Propinj, beburfte. Tin biefen fd^rieb ©ouuerneur (£ben r>on ZlTarylanb unterm 25, 3<^"uar \775 : „3d} barf es magen, (£ir). f^oljeit 5U r>erfid?ern, ba"^ bie Seute, 5U beren ®unften biefer Befdjiuf angenommen murbe, bas Perbienft t^aben, l}od}ft braud?-- bare Untertanen ^u fein 3^" allgemeinen finb fie fleii|ig unb arbeitsfam. n)ie fie bie IDilbnis in reid) aus= geftattete pflanjungen umgefd^affen t?aben, iljrem Porbilb unb itjrcm ganj aul^erorbentlidjen ^leife ift es 5U ban!en, ba^ audj bie iibrigen (£inu)ot?ner in nidjt geringem iHafe pom o'^oiito boi. IPottcifcrnf oi\u-iffon irorbcn fin6. 2UIc, ^io I'io fciinon, bo.^ouacn : )'io rcrbiciion bio offciitltdio ii aiKjciincfon tuerbe, bas Protofoll bcs Committee on Federal constitu- tion unb bio Bofdiliij'fe bcr O^onoral 21ffombIy boutfdi ,^u brucfon. Droil^unbort ^Ib^iiosO follton jo in bon doiintics Baltimore, ^rebericf unb IDafljinaton ausaeaebon morbon. Untor bon boutfdion 2(nfiobIern erblu(7te bas Canb. prinj Bernl)arb von IPoimar, ber im Jal^ro 1825 burdi biofo ©cgcnb fam, facjt von ^rebcricFtomn : „biofo Stabt ijt oino ber rorsiialid^fton im Staak IViavyUmb, lioat in oinor aut ancsobauton (So.jenb . . . fie I^lt aoaon 5000 lEinu^ol^nor". IDic cs jebod) innerlid} mit ben (Einmol^nern unb il^ren Hadifommon \tanb, bas offonbart bor Sdilu^ oinor 2tuf= Seidinuna ron Dr. (£I?riftian Borftler, von bor unten bio Kobe fcin mirb. ;£r fd?rcibt (1817), nad)bom or rom Ketd)u?erben bcr Doutfdion unb if^ron c^rot^on plantaaon uofprod^on I^at : „nur ^djabc, ba^ bio boutfdio 3prad}o unb Bitten 5u r>iel uuter uns abnimmt, inbem bio 3uoienb irci^cn ben (55cfe^cn mel^rontoils bio on^^lifd^^ 5prad]c lornt unb bio beutfdic rornad^lafficst. Jd) l)abo *£naolfor, bio mome ilTutterfpradio nidit mol^r fonnon, unb fo v^efjt es I^ciufia, unb in riolon ^familion fprodion bio €Itorn nod} Doutfd] unb bio Kinbor nid^ts als i£nalifd}, unb uniro es nid)t ir>eo;on ber r»icIon beutfd)en i£miaranton, fo unirbo in troniaon Jal^ron bio boutfdie Spradio aan^ lunvsoffon morben, inbem unforo prebiaor fd)on nielfad] anfancnon, in ber cnc,-- lifd7on 5prad?o ju prebi^jen unb Unterridjt i^u geben." 5o aofdirieben nor beinal)e ^unbort 3«-^l?i"'-'" ! It^io oft ift bas feitbem ^ebadit unb Oiofacst unb cjeflaat iporben ! Baltimore ^^" f)auptDortetl von ber neuen (£tn= = iDanberung Ijatte jebod? Baltimore : (£5 iiberfliigelte 2tnnapoIis, bas jaijrelattij mit itjm um bte erfte Stelle im Staate getretteifert Ijatte. itnuapolis biteb auf bcr Kolonialftufe ftetjen unb vaq,t tjeute als ^euge eincr unterge^angenen IDelt in unfere ^eit therein : eine Perle ans bcr "Kolonial^eit. \796 erijielt Baltimore Stabtredjtc. Von feinen Biirijern finb t?ier 5U nennen : H i d? I a u s f)affelbad), ber \76^ bie erfte Drucferei in Baltimore crridjtete. (£r fam auf ber Kiitfreife nai} Deutfd^lanb um ; feine IDitme Der!aufte ^7 75 bas ®e[d)dft an IDilliam ^obbarb, bzn Perleger bes bamaligen linarylanber 3'5U»^"<^I^ unb Baltimore Ztnjcigers, bzs I^euti^jen „2(nterican/' Die 5u?eite Drurferei griinbete Samuel Sauer. (£ine ftatt= lid^e Keifje Biii^er o^xng, ans feiner Offi^in Ijeruor. (£r ift ber Soljn bes i5ermantou:)ner5 Ct^riftoptj Sauer, bes Drurfers ber erften Bibel— es wat eine beutfd^e — in ^merifa. IHit iljm beginnt audj bie (Sefd^ii^te ber beutfd^en ^eitun^^ in llTtarylanb, inbem er \792 bas ^ITfarylanb Staatsre^jifter" griinbete. 2lnbere beutfdje Derlegcr unb Drucfer finb: Icidjolaus Heitenbauer, Hid^olaus Cfcfjubi, 3<^^'^"'^ Sdjul^ unb Sdjdffer unb llTlaunb. Sauer begann 5ufammen mit IDilliam ®tr>inn eine Sijriftijieferei, au5 ber bie Ijeutige Ztmerican Cype ^ounbry (£0. l?erDorge= gangen ift. Dr. (£arl ^riebrid? IPief en tljal 'murbe ber ©riinber bes erften ZTtebical College in Baltimore. (£5 lag an (Sayftr. Der \785 gegriinbeten Deutfdjen ©efellfdjaft r>on ZTtarylanb ftanb er als Prdfibent por. Dr. ID. .gollifoffer n?ar ^785 ber 2lr5t berfelben unb 3<^^^^ Conrab (^ollifoffer il?r Sefretdr. Dr. IDiefentljal geljorte ju bzn ^iiljrern ber \755 gegriinbeten beutfdjen ^emeinbe, ber nadjmaligen ^^^nsfirdje, meldje \d}on bamals eine Sd}ule befaf. IPeftmarylanb I?atte bereits adjt beutfdie Kirdjen. Deren erfte u?ar um |752 gebaut morben. IDir cra>dt?nen tueiter, ba'^ ^ol}ann 3acob Hftor ^785 mit einer £abung llTufifinftrumente im ^afen t)on Baltimore lanbete. Die ©lasljiitte, bie 3oIjann ^ricbridj £. ^Imelung, gelanbet ^78^^;, in ^rebericf County errid^tet Ijatte, r>erlegte er \796 nad} Baltimore. 3m ^;Ioid>Mi J»^^^?^'^' croffnctcu (^art> unb Ccopol6 bic crftc ^olK■fcl•raffinorio. ^m offontlidicn Ccben 6er Siabt tritt p o t o r ^ricf I^ovror, aucf) oinor bcv Icitcnbcn ^luinncr 6cr boutfdicn (55cmctn6c. i£r unirbc Prdfibont bof- ^ity Council im 2>'-'^^l^'^ 1797. ^s faj^on barin in ben ndd^ftcn 3^^^i*'-'" foLjcnbo Dcutfdje : 1806 (S r c^ P c cf c r , I7 c n r y 5 t a u f f c r, 3 a c b 5 ni all, W i 11) c I ni € r 111 a n , a e I £) a u b e r t , € u f e 1\ i e r ft a b t unb in i d} a e I Peter. Celjteres Keoiiment befef)Iicsto Colonel 1} e n r y 21 m e y , ber fid) anf rorfd}iebenen Orbres unb in ben ilTufterrolIen felber „2lmid7" 5eid7net, uxit^renb feine nad)fommen '^uv rid^ti^jen Sd^reibiDeife : t£mid} ^uriirfvjefeljrt finb. IPeitere Hamen : 3"^^^^"" €ol)r, George p. "Kiil^borb (Keeporf), (£f?riftopt)er iTlayer, Samuel (Sero*^ (auoien= fd)cinUd? ein Sol^n bes \788 rerftorbenen paftors ber ^ionsfirdje), 3<^^'-i"" €inbenbcr(3er, 3<^^^^"" ilTacfentjeimer, 3oi)ann Hitter. north point <5eneral 3 ^ I? " S t r i cf e r fom = ' manbiertc bie brittc Brioiabe. i£r murbe \759 in ^rebericf aeboren, als Sol^n bes ^£oI. (Seorae Stricter, ber )id} im erften ^reif^eitf-friege l^erporaetan tjatte. Der Sot^n ging aus bem grollen liriegc als Kapitdn tjcrpor, l^atte fid) bann aber als Ixaufmann in Baltimore nieberae = laffen. €r mul? ein iUann pon feinen ^ormen aeipefen fcin, tpas ein Kriec^sbcrid^t bcfonbers anerfennt. ^£r umr Piscprafibent ber Deutfd^en ®efellfd)aft von ^8\7 bis \828. -cine Bri^abe erfodjt ben Sieg, pon Itortl} Point. Jn ber 5d)Iad]t ^eid^nete fid} aus : Kapitdn 3 o I) n £efter, Cnfic^n, ^dl^nbrid) bes „ftol5en" 27. JHarylanber Hegiments. (£in XTad^fpiel ber Sdjladjt liefert sucjieid) ein (Eljrcn^eugnis fur cinen Deutfd)en : „Die fiil^nen llnijriffe, bie 5 e r C5 e a n t 1\ c 1 1 e r von Kapitdn Birb's Comp. of U. S. light dragoons auf bie Had^I^ut bes ^einbes mit nur brei Drac^onern c^emad^t Ijat, uerbienen l^od^fte 2tner= fennun^v (£r jerfprengte eine IDad7e von \8 ^iifilieren unb nal)m 6 r>on it^nen gefangcn, tro^bem fie auf iljn feuerten, unb ein X^ierpfiinber aus I^alber 5d)u|ttu'ite brei= mal auf if)n fd)of . Die (Sett-)anbl)eit, bie 'Keller bei biefer £eiftun*5 an ben ^aa, legte, ben?eift, ba'^ er eines tjol^eren Kommanbos toiirbig ift, bas ber ^ered^tigfeitsfinn feiner X^egierung it^ni gemif pcrleitjen ipirb." So ber Xlrmeeberid^t. liiiftcnycvtctbtattnq ^^" Sparron^s point ^oab = ftanb lieutenant 0oiiibel vom 5d}lad}tfd)iff (Suertiere niit t)unbert XTTann unb einer Batterie pon 7 ©efd)ul5en, unweit bavon £ i c u t e n a n t K ii {■} n mit einer Xtbteilung Secfolbaten. £ i e u t e n a n t 2^ ii 1 1 e r , ber bicnftdltefte ©ffi^ier bes ©efd^mabers, l)atte bas "Kommanbo iiber alle ^al^rjeutje 5unfd)en ^ort ITu f^cnry unb bem Cajaretto £eud]ttunn. Cinfs Pon ber 5tranb= batterie Ijatte 5d)iffsmeifter € i e u t e n a n t H o 1 1) m a n n mit 54 UlTatrofen, einem tlrupp pon (£ommobore Barneys ^lotille, Zlufftellung genommen. ^oxi IXXc l^cnry ^^^ Befal^ung, etma taufenb =^ Xllann, I^atte an beutfd)en Kom= manbos "Kapitdn ^enry Steiner mit feinen 2trtiUe= riften, eine "Kompagnie ftarf. Sie maren Pon ^reberi(J ge= fommen. ^erner Kapitdn 3 ^ "^ ^ ^ Pipers Xlniteb XTtarylanb 2(rtillery unb "Kapitdn 5 a m u e I 211 o I? I s Columbian Artillery. Pen COberbefel]! fiiljrte XlTajor George 21 r m i ft e a b . (£r wurbe ber I)elb pom ^ort HTc £)enry. Seine Dorfaljren iparen aus f)effen=Darmftabt. eingemanbert unb I)atten fid) im Sl)enanboal)=Cale nieber= gelaffen. X)ier, ^u Xleipmarfet, mar ber tapfere 5oI?n beut= fdjer (£Itern geboren. Diefe I^iefen urfpriinglidj ^rmftdbt. 3" i>cr ilanionf'atiborunoi ftaubcn fie joboA fcinosiroas allein. Soljr oft truvTsCii b\c Boamtcu 6cr (SrunMnidxinitcr baran fdiulb. 2tbcr cs irirb aud) ron cintgcn anc^cnommcn, ba§ cs 6oin ^intlul? IPilliaiu pcnns i^u ncvbanfcn foi, 6or mit bcr 2tiiCslifiorun^s bcr luimcn bas nobci\30tr»id)t bcr I)cut= fd]cu brcd^cu tpoUtc. Scljv baib gtng ja Icibcr bann aud) mtt bcr bcutfdion SdircibiDcifc bos Haincni. bas beutfdic Boiuuj^tfoin iibcrl^aiipt rorloron. Porartics rcrdnbcrtcr Hamen laffcn fid) tm bamalivjen Divvjinicn alloin \74 nad)= tDeifcu. 3'^ ^*^" inuftcrroUcn nu ^tnnapolis finbcn unr bio Icamcn V o ^ , Pos, Paufc fiir bcnfclbon ilvaacr. (Ein Bcifpiol foldjcr Icamensdnbcrung lic^t aud) ror bci cincm ilTanuc, bcr in jcncn Cac^en I)crrortrat : (£ I n c I Peter € i 1 1 1 e. (£r war ein pennfylpanier, bcutfd)=fran;ioftfd)er 2tbfunft. Seiu C^ro^patcr ir>ar \755 aus X)eutfd)Iaub ausoicuxinbcrt unb f^attc fid) in PennfYl= ranien nicbcr^elaffcn, wo cr bic Stabt Sittlctown c^riinbete. ZToDcmbcr ^789 509 peter Cittle — (jcboren \\. Dej. \775 — nad) Baltimore, bas er Oftobcr \806 in bcr Ceoiislatur pcrtrat. Da er bcld)cs er bis ^u beffen 2(ufl6fung, 3^"^ 18 \5, bcfc{)lig,te. 0b unr es im ^allc bes €t. (lolonel Small mit cincm et)emaligen "Klein obcr Sd)mall ober SdmioU 5U tun l)aben, ift nid)t feftjuftcllen. (£r ftanb an bcr Spi^e bes 59. Hegiments bcr inaryldnber 2nili5 unb roar Kommanbant bes ^orts ^Habifon bci ilnnapolis. (Sine bcxxt)cbc . ^ amtlte ^'"^ Kricc3sfd)auplai-, am — obcrn ^£nbc bcr ^Il)cfapcat'C' bai fal) bie ^(merifancr fiegreid). 2tus jnarylanb l)eraus fiil)rt uns jcbod) bas obcn eruHil)ntc Cagebud) cincs iinarYldnbcrs, bes pfdlj^crs Vv. (£l)riftian Bocrftler, abgefd)Ioffen A. D. \S\7. V'lcv 5ol)nc l)attc cr im ^clbc ftcf)cn. Dercn I^cimat luar ^rebcricftomn. X)cr diteftc, ein Ixaufmann, „unirbe als ilorncU angcftellt," griinbetc ein Kcgimcnt, unb ging nad) ^£anaba. Per jujcite 5ol)n, aus bcr ^ITarYldnbcr f}cimat nadf 0f)io rerjogen, gtng als Kapttdn ctner Biid^fenfompagnte mit general i)ull nacf? Detroit unb fid bei BrotDnstorun. Dor britte wav als ^dl^nbrid} auf bem iTtarfd^e, ba bie Briten IPaft^ington in Branb feljtcn. €r tpurbc Kapitdn ber illilij. Der piertc, fdjlief licf?, ftanb als Ceutnant im ©efcdjt bei Baltimore. VOal}v{\d}, ber (Seift bes 3^^^^^ 18 \3 ift in biefen beutfd^en SoFjnen gemefen ! ^lir ^cc Unter ben I^anbfdjriftlidjen Sd?d^en ber BibliotEje! bes "Kongreffes befinbet fid) ein Scbiffstagebiid), gefiiljrt Don D a p i b ® e i f i n g e r. IDenn Deutfd^fein fo uiel I)eil|t tDie griinblid} fein, bann ift biefer ^790 in IlTarylanb geborene Seemann ein edfter Deutfd^er. Pon ber (Senauigfeit feiner (Eintrdge mu^ man fid) burd? ben Hugenfdjein iiberjeugen : banmls t^atten bie ilTenfd^en nod) ^eit. (£r u?ar IHibfl^ipman auf U. S. war-sloop Wasp auf beren fiiljner ^al}vt nadj ber englifd^en Ixufte. Die tEaten ber "Korpette XDafp geI)oren ber ^efdjid^te an. Dem tapfern, umfidjtigen ^eifinger murbe fiir fein Derljalten in ber 2(ffdre jmifd^en bem IDafp unb ber englifd^en Brigg Heinbeer im Sommer \8\^ ber Danf bes Kongreffes aus= gefprodjen. (£r o^urbe bann mit bem ^Italanta nadf Sarannai), ®a. g,efd)idt unb entging fo bem Sdjidfale bes tPafp, meld^er r»erfd)olI. <£apt. ©eifinger t^atte fpdter meljrere 3cil?re bie £eitung bes Haral ^tfylums in ptjilabelpl^ia. (£r ftarb ^860. (£barafteriftifd7 fiir bin "Krieg a»aren bie "Kaperfdjiffe, bie ron Baltimore aus fuljren. Unter il^nen gef^orte The Chasseur, jebod} mit Porliebe The Pride of Baltimore ge= nannt, ^u bzn beriit^mteften. Sein erfter ^ffijier n^ar 3ol?n Dieter, beffen Perbienfte bei ber IDegnal^me bes St. CatDrence r>or I^arana, ^eb. \8\5, befonbers geriit^mt rperben. Unter ben (£igentiimern Don "Kaperfdjiffen be= finben fid} folgenbe Deutfd^e : U) a I f m a n , jtcei mit Hamen Sd)n?ar^, 5U)ei mit Hamen Diffenberfer, Snyber, liartl^aus, Keller unb B y e r. Seemannslos aber fpridjt aus einer fleinen ^eitungsnotij aus bem Siiben bes Canbes : ^^ranj 3Caper iTt ii 11 e r aus 3aU timorc rorfucbto tin Sarannaf) Kipcr vom Kaporfcbiff paul 301105 diif. €anb '^u fdniMinnicn luib iinirbc von oiucni 2niiaatoi- rcrfd]Iuncjcu." Hur cin floiucv 2tu5fd]uitt aus bor arot5cn (^cfdiidito unforcs Caiibcs iinrb I^icr Cscboton. Diofor allctn bictct uns abor fchon ciitcn unaoal^ntcn Kciditum an ^naiincrn unb illannc5= tuaonb. Unao.^dl^lto Hainon frcilid) finb bcr Dorc^cfK'"l)cit anl)einicscfallcn: unr bcl^altcn iiur ben ^inbrnrf oiner avol^cn JlTaffc, boron Sdnrott) unb Blut bio €rbo tranf. 2lbor fie l)aben bom ^anbc bennod} il^re (£iaonart aufaeprciat ; benn fio maron i3auern, unb bie bliil^Mibon ^dler, bio I^outo unfer ^hicno ent.^iicfen, finb il^r (Ef^ronbonfmal : bio t}aben fie ber IPilbnis abaevunjson. llnb ift ber 2tbfd}nitt and) flein, bennod} bo^oid^not or fiir ben 5ir>oiten ^roil]oiti>frioa ber Ixolonion ben Sd^auplafe bes Sieges. 2Xn beutfd^er J)dl)igfoit brad? fid? bie IPoUe ber cnglifdjen J^^i^'-^fi'^i^- ^^^dj I]ior I?ie1| es : bie Doutfdion an bie ^ront ! ^iir bie Stabt Baltimore aber maren bie I)outfdien bio "Kulturtrdcsor. IVian beadite allein bie beutfdion Dructoreion! ■rDie Deutfd^en l)aben bie aoiftiaen ^iil^ror bes juncjen (5e= moinit>efens goliofort. Ixoin Patorlanb rerliel? il^rom Stoj^o n)ud)t : auf fid? folber cjeftellt, aabon fie ber nouen i)oimat jotjnfad) iriobor, toas biefe il?nen aeir>d{]rto. lUir, iljre Hadifal^ron, fniipfon an iljv IPerf an. Das Stubium aber biofes Jtusfdniittes, fo floin or ift, maa ba-;u Ijelfen, bie Coaonbe pon 2tmorifa als oinem anaolfddififdien Canbe j^u j^erftoron. i£in ^anb, bas b