LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Shelf^S- UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. BAND SAWS A TREATISE ON THE CarekBand Saws p'lVING THE REASONS OF SAWS CRACKING, AND THE PREVENT- ^^ IVES ; ALSO, INCLUDING A PAR- TIAL LIST OF THE USERS OF BAND Mills throughout the COUNTRY. ' NOV IB 1892 Geo. M. Brown. r INDIANAPOEIS : BAJ4.BR-RANDOLPH COMPANY. k A .« ^ inches on each edge (for a 6-inch blade — for an increased width of 2 inches, allow % of an inch to the tire) and which renders the central parts "loose," and will show to the straight-edge as Figure i. The "stiff" parts will require the same treatment as that of the " fast," with the exception of lighter blows. CARE OF BAND SAWS. 13 Now that the ** fast " and " stiffs " have been taken out, the hammering has produced lumps, which must be leveled again, as previously instructed. In our next lesson we will render the blade stiff by hammering along its edges, with the round-faced hammer, on each side. (See Figure 5.) VxK> 1 5^ jxibJK^ K^^^-V> I' 'i||^ iHh ^.(tj^ Jill ^ i||||i e ill nil;. 1II1 111' 1||i • <||||i|| Figure 5— To Take Out the " I,oose." After the blade has been thus treated, by applying the straight-edge we find the " loose " to have disap- peared, and will show to the straight-edge as Figure 3, which is ''stiff." By thus hammering along the edges we have changed the tension from "loose " to " stiff," and by continuing to hammer the edges we render the blade " fast." (See Figure 2.) When you become familiar with the " fast," it will not be necessary for you to apply the straight-edge to locate it, but shall be able to feel and see it work when raising the saw up and down. In our last lesson we rendered the blade " fast," and " stiff," by hammering the edges. We will now 14 A TRKATISK ON THE proceed to open up the central parts again, and give it the proper tension by using the round-face ham- mer (as shown in Figure 4), on each side, as we have previously done. Having hammered the central parts until they drop from the straight-edge (see Fig- ure i), level the blade again. Parts that "dish" from side to side, and can not be leveled (while the blade is lying straight on the leveling table), are too '* loose," and the edges will have to be hammered to take it out. (See Figure 5.) In this lesson we will straighten the back of the saw, and bring it in line with the straight-edge by using the round-face hammer along the hollow edge on both sides, extending the blows into the central parts, in order to maintain the tension. (See Figure 6.) If you have not a piece that is curved from the straight-edge (as Figure 6), take a piece 5 or 6 feet in length, and with the round-face hammer give it a few 111!'' ■ "^ '^ '^^ " ' '"^ ■,;! ! illlii „„ illii „ ^iin ,, '!» Jill * , mil ill Figure 6— To Straighten the Back. CARK OF BAND SAWS. 15 blows within ^ inch of the tooth edge at equal dis- tances apart on both sides, and by applying the long straight-edge to the back, it will show slightly hollow, as in Figure 6. The saw is as liable to become stretched on the back as on the tooth-edge (Figure 6 shows it to be stretched on the latter edge), consequently the back shows hollow to the straight-edge. Should the back be stretched, the tooth-edge would show hollow to the straight-edge. In this case the hammering would necessarily be done on the tooth- edge, extending the blows into the central parts as directed. Thus far, the work can be accomplished much easier with the stretcher. However, it is advisable for the beginner to first acquire a knowledge of the Figure 7 —To Take Out The Twist. adjustments of tension with the hammer, from the fact that we can not depend entirely on the stretcher. (Will explain later on the manner of using this ma- 16 A TREATISE ON THE chine). We will now proceed with the ''twists Sup- posing that we have no twist to work upon we will produce one by taking a piece of saw from two to three feet in length and hammer diagonally across it with the long-faced hammer on the anvil, as shown in Figure 7. Turn the piece over and give it the same treatment, applying the blows in an opposite diagonal direction across the blade. By this treatment we find the piece to rest on opposite edges or corners. When lying straight on the leveling table, and by applying the straight-edge diagonally across the blade we find it shows a lump or ridge at right angles to the straight-edge, and by reversing the straight-edge to the opposite diagonal direction it will show hollow. To produce the twist we have hammered both sides of the blade in opposite diagonal directions with the long-faced hammer. TO TAKE OUT THE TWIST, Hammer in just the opposite direction to which we hammered to produce the twist, using care not to hammer so much as to produce an opposite twist. After the twist has been removed, level down the lumps and put in the twist again, continuing the operation until you have become thoroughly familiar with it. CARE OK BAND SAWS. 17 I would suggest that you practice the rudimentary lessons, and gain a thorough knowledge of the ad- justment of tension before you undertake to put a saw in working order, as you could not expect success without practical knowledge. THE TENSION OF THE BAND SAW Should be so adjusted that when the saw is strained on the mill, it will bear equally and firmly upon the wheels — the principal strain being near, but not too near, the edges of the saw. When the saw is in proper tension, the central portions are uniformly opened or expanded through- out its entire length. TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF TENSION The blade will require for heavy feed, bend it to the radius of the saw wheels, and if sufiiciently open, the central parts will slightly drop from the tension level (or crown edge), so that when the saw is bent, and the crown edge placed square across it, the central parts will drop, and the light will pass under the central portions evenly its entire length. In testing for the tension, it is better to use the crown edge, as the "stiff" and ''fast" 18 A TREATISE ON THE places are more accurately detected, bearing in mind that the stiff and fast parts do not drop from the crown edge. WHEN TESTING FOR UNEVEN TENSION, It will not be necessary to have the saw bent to the radius of the saw wheels, as this is only to deter- mine the amount of tension, or opening, the saw will require when strained on the mill. While the saw is being tested for uneven tension it should be be slightly curved. Appl}^ the crown edge straight across the saw, examine it closely, and mark all places that do not drop away. Those places being marked, should now be expanded or opened in a degree with the parts that have the proper ten- sion. This can be done with the round-faced ham- mer, by hammering both sides of the saw that do not drop away, until the proper tension is effected, but can more accurately and easily be accomplished with the stretcher, as the latter does not dish the saw from side to side as the hammer will, providing both rollers are shaped exactly the same, and that part of the saw that passes between the rollers kept on a straight line. But should one roller be a trifle sharper than the other, or that part of the saw be care: of band saws. 19 bent which passes between the rollers, the saw will be apt to '' dish," from either cause, and will have to be leveled with the round-faced hammer, which will consume considerable time. When opening the saw for the tension, roll or hammer to within the distance specified of its edges on page j^ keeping propor- tionately farther from the edges as the width may suggest. The saw having been rolled, or hammered, test with the crown edge for the tension. The parts that do not drop away will require more opening, as the crown edge will show when applied. IvKVElylNG AND STRAIGHTENING THE BACK, Comes next. But first I will describe my way of constructing a hammering bench. Some prefer a cast iron slab for leveling on ; I get along just as nicely with a hard-wood bench, say from 4 to 6 inches thick by 20 inches wide. For saws from 48 to 52 feet in length, the bench should be 14 to 16 feet (the length of the bench may vary to suit the saw), with 5 feet extension drop-leaves, hinged on both ends, to hold up the ends of the saw while working on the inside. Arrange four light-wood rollers, 3 inches in diam- eter by 2 feet in length, above the bench, to carry the 20 A TREATISE ON THE top part of the saw. The rollers should be so arranged that they may be taken out in order to place the saw above them. Place the stretcher at the end of the bench, with the lower roller }^ inch higher than the top of the bench. The drop-leaf should be hinged on outside of the stretcher ; then notch in the center of the bench for the anvil, leaving the latter flush with the outside and top. Use a straight-edge the length of the bench, to straighten the back of the saw by, which can be made from a piece of saw, viz.: Cut the teeth off and slightly dish the side that is placed to the wood. If it be 1 6 feet long, give it tV curve from end to end, or in other words, tV of an inch hollow. This can be done by first straightening it with the hammer on the anvil, testing with the longest straight-edge you have, to see that it is perfectly straight ; then place it back on the bench and mark along the straight side, leaving a fine line. Now draw it over the anvil, and a few light blows at equal distances apart — along the edge from which the teeth were cut — will give it the desired curve. Try it now on the fine line, placing the ends on the mark. If the center lays off from the line sufficiently (which should be tV), mark along it again, and reverse care; ok band saws. 21 ends to see if correct. Screw it firmly to the bench evenly with the back edge of the anvil. Screw holes should be made before it is straightened. This is the most convenient bench that I have yet seen, as it requires no help to put the saw up and down on the bench, and the straight-edge being long, one can more readily detect a long curve in the saw. TO STRAIGHTEN THE BACK OF THE SAW, Place the back against the straight-edge with the teeth towards you. (The back of the saw should be crowned A of an inch in 16 feet, to compensate the stretching of the tooth side when being heavily fed, otherwise the cutting edge will become slack.) Mark the saw at each end and in the center of the long straight-edge. If the saw lays off too much in center of straight edge, it will require stretching in the back but should it lay away on the ends, it will require stretching on the tooth side. The result to be obtained is to have the back of the saw fit the long straight-edge its entire length. Draw the saw half the length of straight-edge and test again. Continue this until you have been around the saw, marking the edge that will require stretch- ing, thereby drawing it in line with the straight-edge as you proceed with the leveling. 22 A TREATISE ON THE When the edges require stretching, to straighten the back, level on the anvil. Level on the wood or leveling table the parts that are sufficiently opened and where the edges require no stretching. But, when the edges have to be stretched in order to bring the back in line with the straight-edge, the high places (or lumps) in the central parts of the saw may be leveled on the anvil, thereby maintaining the tension. At the same time, hammer along the edges that require stretching, bearing always in mind that if the tooth edge be too crowning, the back will require stretching, but should the back be too crowning, the tooth edge will have to be stretched. Always finish leveling the saw on the log side, with a trial for the tension from time to time during the process of leveling. Should any part not drop away, draw it over the anvil and level it. This in many cases will open it sufficiently. Parts of the saw that are too open will dish through from side to side or lay wavy on the bench. These parts may be hammered lightly and equally on both edges. The loose may be taken out by hammering CARE OF BAND SAWS. 23 along the hollow edge, thereby bringing the saw in line with the straight-edge. Different parts of the blade require different treat- ment, the result to be obtained being perfect uni- formity of tension the entire length of the saw. GRINDING, OR CONSTANT USE OF THE EMERY WHEElv Will gradually stretch the tooth edge, causing a curve the entire length of th'e saw, which may be drawn in line with the straight-edge by using the round-face hammer along the back edge (as previously instructed), extending the blows into the central parts in order to maintain the tension, completing the work by leveling on the log side on the anvil or leveling table, as the work may suggest. This can be done much quicker and better with the stretcher, thus : Roll lightly around the extreme or immediate edges (will explain later why the extreme edges are rolled), then roll through the central parts until the proper tension is effected, leaving the required tire on each edge as previously instructed. WHEN A SAW IS OVER FED It is liable to dodge in or out of the timber, which generally results in the stretching of the edges, causing 24 A TREATISE ON THE the saw to change its position on the wheels, also affecting the breast. When stretched on the front, the saw will run forward on the wheels ; if the back is stretched it will run back on the wheels. Such a saw will show crowning, or ruffles, on the stretched edge, and will require a severe stretching of the hol- low edge and central parts to restore the tension and to bring it in line with the straight-edge. This saw requires the same treatment as-that which is stretched by the emery wheel, with the exception that the hol- low edge and central parts require a more severe stretching. NEW SAWS, When unpacked, will generally be found bent where the shortest bends were made in packing. When saws are received from the manufacturer, place them on the bench and- look them over — the bent places generally stiffen the blade more or less at the points bent, and may require some opening, as well as level- ing. To straighten and level such a saw, bend with the hands in the opposite direction from which it is bent. The saw can very nearly be straightened by this method of bending it. Test with the crown edge to see if sufficiently opened in the central parts. Should it not drop sufficiently finish leveling the cen- CARE OF BAND SA.WS. 25 tral parts on the anvil. Should it show the required tension, level on the wood, or leveling table. Kxam- ine the back before leveling to see if straight. It will be necessary to keep a close observation on new saws, and restore the tension which it will lose for a few runs. Saws are frequently bent from rough handling while being changed from file-room to mill, which renders the blade stiff at the points bent. THE CAUSE OF SAWS BREAKING AND THE PREVENTIVE. Owing to the bending and straightening of the band saw, and the strain that is required to be near the edges, renders it more susceptible of breaking than any other saw, but with proper precaution this trouble can be obviated. Saws may break from various causes, of which I will name the most com- mon, viz.: Too much strain on the immediate edges. Feeding beyond the endurance of tension. Unequal tension. Round gullets, or sharp angles, causing the bend- ing and straightening to take place at the weakest and narrowest point in the blade. 26 A treatise; on the Case-hardening by use of the emery wheel. Inferior steel used in the manufacture. The last-named cause, we sometimes have good reason for complaint; still there are filers who take undue advantage of this. From my own observations and constant experience of the last ten years, I believe the first-named cause to be the most destructive. To ascertain whether the saw has too much strain on the immediate edges, bend it to the radius of the saw wheels, apply the end of the straight-edge to the edges of the saw ; if it drops away near the edges, it indicates too much strain on them. If, on the con- trary, should the straight-edge rock, or show the least " fast," or convex, one-half inch from either side, it indicates the saw to be long on the extreme edges. To remove the strain from the edges with the stretcher, set the roller guide so as to stretch the extreme edges, then roll and open up the central parts for the required tension. STRETCHING THE IMMEDIATE EDGES Of the saw adds greatly to the life of it, by the fol- lowing advantages, namely : CARK of band saws. 27 The saw is less liable to accidents through fast feeding. Will hold the tension longer. Removes all liability of the blade cracking. Prevents disintegration of the extreme edges, and when the saw is strained on the mill, the extreme edges will not hug the wheels so closely, thereby relieving the edges of the crystallizing effect. Saws that have been reduced in width one-half to three-fourths of an inch frequently have too much of a strain on the tooth edge. Such saws should be examined and relieved as instructed. THK SHAPE OF THE TEETH Are of considerable importance. They should be shaped with gullets ground parallel with the back, to assure a more distributed bending of the blade than will be obtained with the round gullet. Figure 8, I find to be the most desirable shape, and will work satisfactorily in all kinds of wood. The gullets have ample dust room and are ground with a long draw parallel with the back. The teeth will be found sufficiently strong if kept in proper joint. The gullets of Figure 9 have less dust room, and are easily choked on thick bark and pitchy logs, while the bending is not so well distributed as in Figure 8. 28 A TREATISE ON THE The grinding-machine, swage and filing-clamp should be set in connection with one another. Figure 8. Figure 9. Have the stretching wheels so arranged that the saw may be strained up while swaging and jointing. When grinding, slack the saw so it will rest on the brackets, to allow the grinding machine to push both sides of the saw. This is a much better way to arrange your machines than to have them scattered over the file-room. It saves the trouble of changing the saw from place to place while being worked upon. CARE OF BAND SAWS. 29 But where two or more band mills are run, and only one sharpening machine used, it will be necessary to have the sharpener independent of other machines. BEFORE SWAGING, See that the teeth are jointed parallel with the back ; otherwise, when jointing, the swage on the long or projecting teeth will be cut away. After swaging, joint parallel with the back until every tooth touches, as a well-jointed saw prevents corners from breaking, while each tooth does its allotted part. The saw having been swaged and jointed, the spread should be evened with the side file, as the timber requires — soft wood requiring more spread than hard wood. The side file should set at an angle of 75 degrees, thereby leaving the extreme point the widest. Use only sufiQcient spread to clear the blade well in the timber. There should be no friction, but a close kerf supports the saw, while the blade will keep clean and bright. The swaging should be done in a manner so as to have the grinding equally divided on front and back of the tooth. If too much grinding is done on the back the emery wheel will constantly wear to a sharp edge, resulting in a poorly-shaped tooth and gullet. 30 A TREATISE ON THE THE SAW HAVING BKKN SWAGKD, JOINTED • AND SIDE-FILED, Is now in condition to be sharpened. A newly- swaged saw generally requires to pass around the machine two or more times, in order that all of the teeth may be faced up in front, and to within one- sixteenth of an inch of the point on the back, com- pleting the sharpening with one stroke of the file on the back of each tooth. The file should never be used on the front of the teeth, as it would change the pitch, rendering the teeth more difiicult to face up with the emery wheel. There is but little filing to do if the saw is properly ground. As the lever or eccentric swages are now mostlj^ used, it may be well to mention the importance of having these machines properly adjusted. In these swages the tooth must rest firmly on the anvil ; the die that does the spreading should not take so deep a hold as to cause the point of the tooth to split or break. BRAZING. To be successful in brazing there are a few points that should be observed. Before scarfing the ends CARE OF BAND SAWS. 31 see that they are straight and level ; bevel them to a width of three-fourths inch, scarfing the ends in a manner as to have the outside lap up, thus preserving the braze from abrasion on the log-side. Use the best silver solder, that which is tough, or thi7i and flexible being superior to the thick, brittle variety. Clean a strip of solder one-eighth inch wider than the lap with diluted muriatic acid (it is advisable to dilute the acid with zinc), place the solder between the lap so it will project a trifle on each side and ends. Before heating the irons see that they fit closely together. It is essential that the brazing irons be of an even and almost white heat ; a cherry red is com- mended by some, but I fail to find this intense enough, as it will not melt the solder sufficiently. In cold weather the brazing clamps should be warmed, otherwise they will detract the heat too rapidly from the brazing irons. The irons can more evenly be heated with charcoal. If stone coal is used the sulphur should be burned out before the irons are heated. When the hot irons are applied, screw up firmly until the lap begins to turn red, then slacken, as too much pressure will force the solder out, resulting in a poor braze. Leave 32 A TREATISE ON THE the irons in this position until cool, dress the lap to an even thickness with the rest of the blade, being careful not to get it too thin, as too much bending will occur at the thin place, causing the saw to break. When opening up the braze, or giving it the tension, it should be left a trifle stiffer than the rest of the saw, as the temper has been drawn out by the hot irons, thereby rendering the braze more easily bent. To give the braze the proper tension, it re- quires the same treatment as the other part of the saw, and can be done with the stretcher, or round- faced hammer. The braze having been opened, test as I have directed, to see that the strain is not on the immediate edges. SPEED OF THE SAW. Opinions vary regarding the proper speed of the band saw. From my experience I find the speed of the saw must vary from six to nine thousand feet per minute, according to the hardness, or resistance of the wood. When sawing hard wood, such as ash, oak, fat, yellow pine, or any such wood that has much resistance, six thousand feet will be found more desira- ble than a faster speed, as better lumber will be made and a faster feed carried. CARE OF BAND SAWS. 33 The size of the logs have also considerable to do with the speed of the saw, large cuts having more resistance, thereby 'rendering the tooth-edge slack. For the large timber of the South and Pacific coast, I would recommend eight thousand feet per minute. When sawing small, soft logs, saws may be run a thousand feet faster with better results than will be obtained at eight thousand. If the speed of the saw, is too high, it can not do good work, besides ren- dering it liable to many accidents. I would not be understood as deprecating a higher speed, but the remarks I have made apply to the band saw of the present, and I am confident is about the correct speed. ADJUSTING THK GUIDES AND TRAINING THE SAW ON THE WHEELS. To properly do this is an acquirement of no little importance. As a matter of fact, very few sawyers understand the nature of the saw well enough to be able to guide and handle it while in the act of making lumber. To do this and get the best possible results, is a fine accomplishment, as is also cutting the log into lumber as it should be manufactured, and is only ac- complished by a well drilled brain. The sawyer ought to know as much about his saw as the filer, so as to be 34 A TREATISE ON THE in perfect sympathy with it. When he has mastered these points, he has then greater things to become familiar with in order to make his services of the greatest value to his employer. To wisely size up a log when it makes its appearance before him, and get the most good lumber and most desirable grades pos- sible, requires very rapid thought and faithful execu- tion. If he is acquainted with the grades and lumber inspection, he can save many a dollar in the course of a day's work. However, it is not my purpose to pro- pound the qualifications of a sawyer here, but as the filer and sawyer's work is so closely connected, it leads me to make the above remarks. We will now proceed with adjusting the guides and lining the wheels with the track. The arbor of the lower band wheel should be lined exactly parallel with the guide rail of the carriage track, the face of the top wheel should be lined parallel with the face of the lower wheel by the cross-line movement ; use the tip-movement of the top wheel (thus throwing it out of plum), to train or adjust the saw to the wheels. The saw should be put in full motion and adjusted properly on the wheels before setting the guides. The latter should fit closely to the saw, as the least opening gives the saw a chance to dodge if heavily fed. CARE OF BAND SAWS. 35 I would suggest that water be used on the saw ; it prevents the guides from wearing, keeps the saw and wheels clean (thus preventing the saw from shifting on the wheels), and is particularly helpful when saw- ing yellow pine and Pacific coast fir. The water should be applied to both sides of the saw and to each edge above the upper guide by means of hose and pipe fixtures. Thk End. LIST OK USE^RS E. P. ALUS BAND SAW MILLS, MANUFACTURED BY THE EDWARD P. ALUS COMPANY, RELIANCE WORKS." MILWAUKEE, WlS. N. Weston Humphrey, Ark. Cream City Lumber Co , Lambethville, Ark. Rock Island Lumber Co Rock Island, 111. Weyerhauser & Denkmann . Rock Island, 111. Wolverine Lumber Co., (2) Cairo, 111. Gem City Saw Mill Co Quincy, 111. S. W. Little Bvansville, Ind. B. Hershey Lumber Co., (2) Muscatine, la. Standard Lumber Co Dubuque, la. Lesure Lumber Co Dubuque, la. C. W. Robison Dubuque, la. Taber & Co., (3) Keokuk, la. Knapp, Stout & Co Fort Madison, la. G. Wingen & Sons . . . ' North McGregor, la. 38 LIST OF USERS OF THE The Hixon-Rodburn lyumber Co Rodburn, Ky. Louisville Saw Mill Co Louisville, Ky. Whitecastle Lumber & Shingle Co ..... Whitecastle, La. Bradley-Ramsey Lumber Co Lake Charles, La. Otis Manufacturing Co New Orleans, La. Salmen Bros Slidell, La. Geo. L. Burtis Marquette, Mich. Hall & Buell So. Manistique, Mich. Hall & Buell Bay Mills, Mich. Saginaw Lumber & Salt Co., (2) East Saginaw, Mich. J. S. Austin & Co . Standish, Mich. Cobbs & Mitchell, (2) Cadillac, Mich. W. L. & H. D. Churchill, (2) Alpena, Mich. E. O. Avery Alpena, Mich. Folkerts, McPhee & Co Alpena, Mich. The Kirby-Carpenter Co., (4) Menominee, Mich. E. Spies . Menominee, Mich. The Ludington, Wells & Van Shaick Lumber Co., (2) Menominee, Mich. Menominee Bay Shore Lumber Co., (2) . . Menominee, Mich. John Spry Lumber Co Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. E. Y. Williams & Co Bay City, Mich. Smith Bros. & Co Bay City, Mich. Edmund Hall Bay City, Mich. N. B. Bradley & Son Bay City, Mich. F. E. Bradley & Co . . Bay City, Mich. S. G. M. Gates, (2) West Bay City, Mich. James Davidson West Bay City, Mich. Green & Braman Portsmouth, Mich. K. P. AIvIvIS BAND SAW MIIvIvS. 39 Metropolitan Ivumber Co., (3) , Metropolitan, Mich. T. H. McGraw & Co Naubinway, Mich. Chesbrough Bros , . . Emerson, Mich. Manistee Salt & Ivumber Co ... Manistee, Mich. Widdicomb Furniture Co Grand Rapids, Mich. Thos. R. Lyon, Agent Ivudington, Mich. A. E. Cartier . Ivudington, Mich. Henry Howard & Co Port Huron, Mich. N. & B Mills Marysville, Mich. Warner & Booth Escanaba, Mich. Penoyer Bros Au Sable, Mich. Interior Ivumber Co., (3) Interior, Mich. Lansing Lumber Co Harrison, Mich. C. N. Nelson Lumber Co.,S(2) Cloquet, Minn. The Cloquet Lumber Co Cloquet, Minn. Hersey & Bean Lumber Co Stillwater, Minn. St. Croix Lumber Co Stillwater, Minn. Hershey Lumber Co Stillwater, Minn. Laird, Norton & Co., (2) Winona, Minn. Empire Lumber Co Winona, Minn. Youmans Bros. & Hodgins, (2) . Winona, Minn. Hall & Shevlin Lumber Co Minneapolis, Minn. Northern Mill Co Minneapolis, Minn. Briggs Bros Minneapolis, Minn. E. W. Backus & Co Minneapolis, Minn. Smith, Kilgore & Co Minneapolis, Minn. F. Pennington & Co Afton, Minn. H. J. Anderson . St. Cloud, Minn. R. C. Libbey & Co Hastings, Minn. 40 LIST OF USERS OF THE Enochs Bros Jackson, Miss. Norwood & Biitterfield Co., (2) Brookhaven, Miss. C. F. Iviebke St. Louis, Mo. Hannibal Saw Mill Co Hannibal, Mo. Canton Saw Mill Co Canton, Mo. Joseph Jackson • • Tonawanda, N. Y. Hobson Lumber Co Tuppers Lake, N. Y. French Broad Lumber Co Asheville, N. C G. B. Hodgeman Mfg Co Sandusky, O. Santee River Cypress Lumber Co., (2) . . . . Eutawville, S. C Levi Dodge Lumber Co Nashville, Tenn. Lutcher & Moore • • • Orange, Texas. Geo. T. Comins Lumber Co Beecher, Falls, Vt. Pacific Mill Co Tacoma, Wash. Robertson & Ward Dayton, Wash. Chippewa Lumber & Boom Co., {4) . . . Chippewa, Falls, Wis. C. L. Colman, (3) La Crosse, Wis. John Paul Lumber Co., (2) La Crosse, Wis. La Crosse Lumber Co La Crosse, Wis. Sawyer & Austin Lumber Co La Crosse, Wis. Jump River Lumber Co Prentice, Wis. S. A. Hale Whittlesey, Wis. Wheelock, Winchester & Co Whittlesey, Wis. R. McMillan & Co., (2) Oshkosh, Wis. Coulee Lumber Co Oshkosh, Wis. Williamson & Libby Lumber Co Oshkosh, Wis. John R. Davies Lumber Co Phillips, Wis. Ashland Lumber Co Ashland, Wis. W. R. Sutherland Ashland, Wis. E. P. AIvIvIS BAND SAW MIIvLS. 41 Shores I^umber Co Ashland, Wis. Yawkey & Lee lyumber Co Hazelhurst, Wis. B. F. McMillan & Bro McMillan, Wis. John Weeks Lumber Co ........ . Stevens Point, Wis. Van Buskirk Bros Van Buskirk, Wis. Knox Bros Wausau, Wis. Garth Lumber Co Wausau, Wis. Glenwood Mfg Co Glenwood, Wis* Rust-Gwen Lumber Co Drummond, Wis. C. C. Palmer Westboro, Wis. Downing Mfg Co ... Downing, Wis. North Wisconsin Lumber Co Hayward, Wis. White River Lumber Co., (2) Mason, Wis. Gerry Lumber Co Eagle River, Wis. Eau Claire Lumber Co . . » Eau Claire, Wis. The Oconto Co., (2) Oconto, Wis. Moore & Gallaway Fon du Lac, Wis. B. E. Jones Kelly, Wis. Joseph Dessert & Co ..... Mosinee, Wis. Northwestern Lumber Co Sterling, Wis. Tomahawk Lumber Co Tomahawk, Wis. Necedah Lumber Co., (2) Necedah, Wis, Geo. Hiles & Son Dexterville, Wis. D. A. & C. A. Goodyear Tomah, Wis- Willow River Lumber Co New Richmond, Wis. J. R. Booth. (5) Ottawa, Ont. Keewatin Lumber & Mfg Co Keewatin, Ont. Victoria Lumber & Mfg Co . Chemainus, B. C. C. Crane & Co. (2) Cincinnati, O. 42 E. P. Al^IylS BAND SAW MII^I^S. John Funke Baraga, Mich. Ouellette-Curphey Lumber Co Vicksburg, Miss. South Shore Lumber Co Washburn Wis. Whitehall Lumber Co Cheboygan, Mich. Lutcher & Moore Cyp. Lum. Co . . Lutcher, La. Trout Creek Lumber Co. {2) Trout Creek, Mich. F. Fisher & Sons New Orleans, La. Seaboard Lumber Co . . Shooter's Island, N. Y. Harbor, N. Y. B. M. Short Washington, N. C. Seaboard Lumber Co Fairford, Ala. C. F. Liebke St. Louis, Mo. M. Chambers Lakeland, Minn. Coal River Lumber Co. (new style) Charleston, N. C. J. W. Day & Co Minneapolis. Minn. Empire Lumber Co Winona, Minn. Swift Bros, (new style) Cheboygan, Mich. Peninsular Lum. & Mfg. Co Dollarville, Mich. C. C. Barker Bay City, Mich. Kern Mfg. Co. (2 new style) West Bay City, Mich. Gilkey & Anson Co. (new style) Merrill, Wis. Jno. R, Davis Lumber Co. (new style) Phillips, Wis. Yawkey & Lee Lumber Co. (new style) . . . Hazelhurst, Wis. Albion Lumber Co. (new style) . Albion, Cal. I. P. Newton Ashland, Wis. McEwen & Murray (new style) New Orleans, La. D. A. & C. A. Goodyear Goodyear, Wis. Tacoma Mill Co. (new style) Tacoma, Wash. Butters & Peters Salt & Lum. Co. (new style) . Ludington, Mich. IvIST OK USKR.S PRESCOTT BAND SAW MILLS, MANUFACTURED BY THE MARINETTE IRON WORKS CO. Marinette, Wis. West Duluth, Minn. No. Name. Class. Address. I A. W. I^awrence & Co., Sturgeon Bay, Wis. 2 Sawyer & Goodman Co., Menekaune, Wis. 3 Brooks & Ross Lum. Co., Schofield, Wis. 4 North Side lyum. Co., Stevens Point, Wis. 5 Watersmeet L^um. Co., Watersmeet, Mich. 6 Girard Ivum. Co., Menominee, Mich. 7 Girard lyum. Co., Menominee, Mich. 8 Hamilton & Merryman Co., Marinette, Wis. 9 H. Witbeck Co., Marinette, Wis. lo Ramsey & Jones, Menominee, Mich. II Van Winkle & Montague, Garden, Mich. 12 Seaton & Butters, Ivudington, Mich. 13 The I. Stephenson Co., Kscanaba, Mich. 44 lylST OF USERS 14 The Upham Mfg. Co., 15 The Upham Mfg. Co., 16 R. W. Merry man Co., 17 Marinette Saw Mill Co., 18 R. W. Merryman Co., 19 W. J. Young & Co., 20 W. J. Young & Co., 21 W. J. Young & Co., 22 W.J. Young & Co., 23 W.J. Young & Co., 24 W. J. Young & Co., 25 W. J. Young & Co., 26 Ford River Lumber Co., 27 Ford River Lumber Co., 28 Hollister, Jewell & Co., 29 Sturgeon River Lumber Co. 30 J. H. Weed, 31 Rice Lake Lumber Co., 32 Montreal River Lumber Co. 33 Montreal River Lumber Co. 34 The I. Stephenson Co., 35 L. L. Hotchkiss, 36 Bosworth & Rielly, 37 Schulenburg & Boeckeler, 38 Henry Sherry, 39 Nashville Lumber Co., 40 Jas. P. Gould, 41 C. Lamb & Sons, 42 C. Lamb & Sons, OF THE Marshfield, Wis. Marshfield, Wis. Marinette, Wis. Marinette, Wis. Marinette, Wis. Clinton, Iowa. Clinton, Iowa. Clinton, Iowa. Clinton, Iowa. Clinton, Iowa. Clinton, Iowa. Clinton, Iowa. Ford River, Mich. Ford River, Mich. Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. Hancock, Mich. Antigo, Wis. Rice Lake, Wis. Hurley, Wis. Hurley, Wis. Escanaba, Mich. Bay City, Mich. Stevens Point, Wis. Stillwater, Minn. Sherry, Wis. Nashville, Tenn. Oshkosh, Wis. Clinton, Iowa. Clinton, Iowa. PRE^COTT BAND SAW Mllyl^S. 45 43 Barronette Ivumber Co., Barronette, Wis. 44 Stephenson Manf g Co., Marinette, Wis. 45 H. W. Wright I^umber Co., Merrill, Wis. 46 Ivangford & Hall Lum. Co., Fulton, 111. 47 C. K. Bddy & Son, East Saginaw, Mich. 48 C. K. Eddy & Son, East Saginaw, Mich. 49 W. H. Houlton, Elk River, Minn. 50 Penn. Joint ly. & Iv. Co., Williamsport, Pa. 51 Penn. Joint Iv. & L. Co., Williamsport, Pa. 52 W. J. Young & Co., Clinton, Iowa. 53 Henry Sherry, Aniwa, Wis. 54 Wis. Valley Lum. Co., Harrison, Wis. 55 Wis. Valley Lum. Co., Harrison, Wis. 56 Chicago Lumber Co., Ironton, Ohio. 57 Chicago Ivumber Co., Ironton, Ohio. 58 St. Paul & Tacoma Lum. Co. ) 5 Tacoma, Wash. 59 St. Paul & Tacoma Lum. Co. Tacoma, Wash. 60 J. S. Stearns, Stearns, Mich. 61 D. J. Spaulding, Withee, Wis. 62 Bowman, Forseman & Co., Williamsport, Pa. 63 Prairie River Lumber Co., Parish, Wis. 64 Prairie River Lumber Co., Parish, Wis. 65 Murphy Lumber Co., Green Bay, Wis. 66 Murphy Lumber Co., Green Bay, Wis. 67 Spalding Lumber Co., Cedar River, Mich. 68 Prewett, Spurr & Co., Nashville, Tenn. 69 Tennessee Lumber Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 70 Marinette Saw Mill Co., Marinette, Wis. 71 F. W. Ayer & Co., Bangor, Maine. 46 LIST OF USKRS OF THE 72 Menominee River Lum. Co., 3 Menekaune, Wis. 73 Schroth & Ahrens, I Winona, Minn. 74 Brookings Lumber Co., 2 West Troy Junct., Wis, 75 Lyons Lumber Co., I Lyons, Iowa. 76 Lyons Lumber Co., I Lyons, Iowa. 77 David Joyce, 2 Lyons, Iowa. 78 David Joyce, 2 Lyons, Iowa. 79 Bowman Lumber Co., 2 St. Albans, W. Va. 80 Hudson Lumber Co., 2 Hudson, Wis. 81 Hudson Lumber Co., 2 Hudson, Wis. 82 Holt Lumber Co., 3 Oconto, Wis. 83 Wineman Bros. 3 Tipton, Tenn. 84 H. Witbeck Co., 3 Marinette, Wis. 85 Smith & Richardson, 2 Minneapolis, Minn. 86 Northern Mill Co., 3 Minneapolis, Minn. 87 Eddy, Avery & Eddy, 3 Bay City, Mich. 88 John Welch, 3 West Bay City, Mich. 89 Dow & Brown, I Madison, Ind. 90 Laing Lumber Co., I Sagola, Mich. 91 Anson Eldred & Son, 3 Fort Howard, Wis. 92 Anson Eldred & Son, 3 Fort Howard, Wis. 93 Hovey & McCracken, 2 Muskegon, Mich. 94 Schulenberg & Boeckler, 3 St. Louis, Mo. 95 Davis & Starr Lum. Co., 3 Little Black, Wis. 96 Davis & Starr Lum. Co., 3 Little Black, Wis. 97 High Bridge Lum. Co., 3 High Bridge, Ky., 98 Kentucky Union Land Co., 3 Clay City, Ky. 99 Newman & Spanner, 3 Ironton, Ohio. 100 Newman & Spanner, 3 Ironton, Ohio. PRKSCOTT BAND SAW MII^IvS. 47 loi Metropolitan Lum. Co., 102 Hulings Ivum. Co., 103 Collins, Darrah & Co., 104 Bartlett, I^and & lyum. Co., 105 Casper Ivum, Co., 106 Casper Ivum. Co., 107 W. T. Pearson, 108 Robinson Salt & lyum. Co., 109 Frank Dudley, no B. C. Bowman & Co., 112 Berlin Mills Co., 113 Henry Sherry, 114 A. J. Asher, 115 Henry Sherry, 116 Henry Sherry, 117 Winslow lyum. Co., 118 Connecticut River Lum. Co., 119 Connecticut River Lum. Co., 120 Andre Cushing & Co.. 121 Lawrence, Phillips & Co., 122 Western Lum. Co., 123 Ohio Falls Car Co., 1 24 Lahey Brothers, 125 Wm. T. Pearson, 126 Cleveland Saw Mill & L. Co., 127 Cleveland Saw Mill & L. Co., 128 Stetson, Cutler & Co., 129 Murphy Lum. Co., 3 Metropolitan, Mich. 3 Hendricks, W. Va. 2 Tionesta, Pa. I Bartlett, N. H. 5 Casper, Cal. 4 Casper, Cal. I Bangor, Me. 3 Bay City, Mich. I Lake Migantic, P. Q. I Williamsport, Pa. T Portland, Me. 3 Park Falls, Wis. 4 Pineville, Ky. 3 Weed Lake, Wis. 3 Neenah, Wis. 3 Winslow, Me. I Holyoke, Mass. 1 Holyoke, Mass. 2 St. John, N. B. 1 Shawmut, Me. 2 Groveton, N. H. 3 Jeifersonville, Ind. 3 S. Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 2 Bangor, Me. I Marquette, Mich. 1 Marquette, Mich. 2 St. John, N. B. 2 Green Bay, Wis. 48 LIST OF USERS OF THE 130 F. W. Ayer & Co., 3 Bangor, Me. 131 F. W. Ayer & Co., 3 Bangor, Me. 132 Berlin Mills Co., 2 Portland, Me. 133 Berlin Mills Co., 2 Portland, Me. 134 Berlin Mills Co., 2 Portland, Me. 135 The Geise Lum. Co., 3 Higginsport, Ohio. 136 G. M. Soule, 2 Groveton, N. H. 137 The Bradstreet Lum. Co., 2 South Gardiner, Maine. 138 Davis & Sargent, 2 Lowell, Mass. 139 Dollar Bay Land & Impr. Co, ,, 2 Dollar Bay, Mich. 140 Connecticut River Lum. Co., 3 Mt. Tom, Mass. 141 Connecticut River Lum. Co., 3 Mt. Tom, Mass. 142 Eddy Bros. & Co., 3 Bay City, Mich. 143 Crandon Lumber Co., 3 North Crandon, Wis. 144 Schulenburg & Boeckeler, 3 Stillwater, Minn. 145 Stephen A. Nye, 2 Fairfield, Me. 146 Louisiana Cypress Lum. Co., 4 New Orleans, La. 147 Flanigan, Brosman & Co., 5 Eureka, Cal. 148 Shell Lake Lum. Co., 2 Shell Lake, Wis. 149 Cummings & BufFum, 3 Dillsboro, N. C. 150 Smalleys & Co., 3 Bay City, Mich. 151 Perley & Pattee, 2 Ottawa, Ontario. 152 J. Manchester Haynes, 2 Wiscosset, Me. 153 Frank Dudley, 2 Lake Migantic, P. Q. 154 W. R. Durfee, 2 Ashland Wis. 155 Berlin Mills Co., 2 Berlin Mills, N. H. 156 Altamaha Cypress Lum. Co., 3 Brunswick, Ga. 157 L. E. White, 5 San Francisco, Cal. 158 Moore & Smith Lum. Co., 5 San Francisco, Cal. PRKSCOTT BAND SAW MII.T,S 159 Chas. Hebard & Son, 160 Chas. Hebard & Son, 161 Pharr & Williams, 162 Cleveland Saw Mill & h. Co., 163 Cleveland Saw Mill & h. Co., 164 Studebaker & Von Behren Co. 165 F. W. Ayer, 166 Henry Sherry, 167 Redington Ivum. Co., 168 North Western Lum. Co., 169 Puget Mill Co., 170 Menasha Wooden Ware Co., 171 W. B. Norris, 172 Metropolitan I/um. Co., 173 Metropolitan Lum. Co., 174 Southern Lum. Co., 175 lyittle Kanawha Lum. Co., 176 Little Kanawha Lum. Co., 177 Camp Manufacturing Co., 178 Camp Manufacturing Co., 179 Berlin Mills Co., 180 Janson Springer & Co., 181 McMurray Cedar Lum. Co., 182 W. H. Knox, 183 W. H. Knox, 184 LeKies & Collins, 185 LeKies & Collins, 186 Stimson Lum. Co., 49 3 Pequaming, Mich. 3 Pequaming, Mich. 4 Patterson, La. 2 Marquette, Mich. 2 Marquette, Mich. ,1 Marion, Ind. Bangor, Me. Neenah, Wis. 2 Phillips, Me. 3 Bau Claire, Wis. 4 Seattle, Wash. 2 Menasha, Wis. 3 West Lake, La. 4 Beechwood, Mich. 4 Beechwood, Mich. 2 Suffolk, Va. 3 Portsmouth, Ohio. 3 Portsmouth, Ohio. 3 Franklin, Va. 3 Franklin, Va. 2 Berlin Falls, N. H. 4 San Francisco, Cal. 4 McMurray, Skagit Co. Wash. 3 Ogema, Wis. 3 Ogema, Wis. 3 Norfolk, Va. 3 Norfolk, Va. 3 New Berne. N. C. 50 i87 R. D. Pike, i88 I. Stephenson Co., 189 I. Stephenson Co., 190 N. Holland, 191 N. Holland, 192 The Standard Dry Kiln Ivum. Co., 193 Samuel Blair & Co., 194 W. S. Weed & Co., 195 W. H. H. Smith & Co., 196 W. H.H.Smith & Co., 197 J- J- Fleetwood, 198 East Jordan Lum. Co., 199 Bast Jordan Lum. Co., 200 Atlantic Saw Mill Co., 201 H. Witbeck Co., 202 Payton, Kimball & Barber, 203 Thos. Nester Estate, 204 Diamond Match Co., 205 Diamond Match Co., 206 John Edwards, Manf g Co. 207 H. J. Anderson, 208 Mitchell & Mc Clure, 209 Mitchell Bros. & Murphy, 210 Burns Bros. & Huffman, 211 J. K. Russell Co., LIST OF USERS OF THE 3 Bayfield, Wis. 2 Escanaba, Mich. 2 Escanaba, Mich. 3 East Saginaw, Mich. 3 East Saginaw, Mich. 3 Norfolk, Va. 5 San Francisco, Cal. 2 Glen Hazel, Elk Co., 3 Toledo, Ohio. 3 Toledo, Ohio. 1 Hertford, N. C. 3 East Jordan, Mich. 3 East Jordan, Mich. 3 Norfolk, Va. 3 Marinette, Wis. 3 West Superior, Wis. 3 Baraga, Mich. 3 Ontonagon, Mich. 3 Ontonagon, Mich. 3 Port Edwards, Wis. 3 St. Cloud, Minn. 3 West Duluth, Minn. 3 Jennings, Mich. 3 Elizabeth, W. Va. 2 Sault St. Marie, Mich, o Sault St. Marie, Mich. Pa. 212 J. K. Russell Co., 213 The lyindsey Cochran Mfg Co 3 St. Albans, W. Va, 214 Davis & Mason, 3 Gladstone, Mich. pr;escott band 215 The Tunis Ivum. Co., 216 Sisson & Ivilley Ivum. Co., 217 Danaher & Melendy, 218 Paine lyum. Co , 219 Lock & Stevens, 220 Temple Emery, 221 John G. Owen, 222 John D. Arpin, 223 John D. Arpin, 224 Parkersburg Mill Co., 225 H. S. Southard, 226 B. B. Richards, 227 Point Mountain Lum. Co., 228 N. N. Dummer, 229 H. J. Austin, 230 T. C Wainman, 231 A. H. Rennebaum, 232 Collins & Watson, 233 Black Warrior lyum, Co., 234 Merrill & Ring, 235 Iveach Ivum. Co., 236 W. W. Cummer, 237 Geo. A. Pratt, 238 Cutler & Savidge, 239 Mitchell Bros. & Murphy, 240 Ford River Lum, Co., 241 Ford River Lum. Co., 242 Port Blakely Mill Co., 243 R. D. Pike, SAW MII.I.S. 51 3 Norfolk, Va. 3 Lilley, Mich. 4 San Bernardino, Cal. 2 Oshkosh, Wis. East Tawas, Mich. 2 East Tawas, Mich. 3 Owendale, Mich. 3 Grand Rapids, Wis. 2 Grand Rapids, Wis. 3 Parkersburg, W. Va. 3 Suffolk, Va. 3 New Duluth, Minn. 2 Point Mountain, W. Va. 1 Rowley, Mass. 2 Tiaghaton, Pa. 2 Eldred, Pa. 4 Middlesborough, Ky. 3 Tionesna, Pa. 3 Demopolis, Ala. 2 West Duluth, Minn. 5 Marysville, Cal. 2 Cadillac, Mich. 4 Marysville, Cal. 2 Le Roy Mich. 3 Jennings, Mich. 3 Ford River, Mich. 3 Ford River, Mich. 2 Port Blakely, Wash. 3 Bayfield, Wis. 52 IvIST OF 1 USE] RS. 244 R. D. Pike, 2 Bayfield, Wis. 245 Pope & Talbot, 2 Port Blakely, Wash. 246 Davis Bros., 3 Matchwood, Mich. 247 Thomp. Smith's Sons 2 Cheboygan, Mich. 248 Hubbard and Vincent, 2 Duluth, Minn. 249 H. M. Land & Son, 2 Au Sable, Mich. 250 H. M. Land & Son, 2 Au Sable, Mich. 251 Lawrence, Newhall & Co., 2 Shawmut, Me. 252 D. B. Stevens & Son, 2 Rhinelander, Wis. 253 Brown, Clark & Howe, 2 Williamsport, Pa. 254 J. L. Littlefield, 2 Farwell, Mich. 255 PortBlakely Mills Co., 2 Port Blakely, Wash. 256 Brownlee Lum. Co. 2 Detroit, Mich. 257 Burns Lum. Co., 3 Sattes, W. Va. 258 Cummer & Diggins, 3 Cadillac, Mich.