TV im TS 1779 .05 U6 Copy 2 DEPARXMEIM OR OOMMERO eenth Census or the; United Statecs: 1910 BULLETIN BUREAU OF THE CENSUS WM. J. HARRIS, Dihector MANUFACTURES: 1 909 STATISTICS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM. Prepared under the supervision of W, M. STEUART, Chief Statistician for Manufactures INTRODUCTION. This bulletin gives the statistics for the manufacture of oilcloth and linoleum for the calendar year 1909, as shown by the Thirteenth Census. It will be reprinted as a part of Volume X of the reports of the Thirteenth Census. Scope of census. — Census statistics of manufactures are compiled primarily for the purpose of showing the absolute and relative magnitude of the different branches of industry covered and their growth or decline. Incidentally, the effort is made to present data throwing light upon character of ownership, size of establishments, and similar subjects. When use is made of the data for these pur- poses it is imperative that due attention should be given to the limitations of the statistics, particularly in any attempt to derive from them figures purporting to show average wages, cost of produc- tion, or profits. These limitations are fully discussed in the general report on manufactures for the United States as a whole (Volume VIII of Thirteenth Census Reports) and need not be repeated here. The census did not cover establishments which were idle during the entire year or had a value of products of less than $500, nor the manufacturing done in educational, eleemosynary, and penal institutions. Period covered. — The returns relate to the calendar year 1909, or the business year which corresponded most nearly to that calendar year, and cover a year's operations, except for establishments which began or discontinued business during the year. The establishment. — As a rule, the term "establishment" repre- sents a single plant, but in some cases it represents two or more plants which were operated under a common ownership or for which one set of books of account was kept. If, however, the plants constituting an establishment as thus defined were not all located within the same city or state, separate reports were secured in order that the figures for each plant might be included in the statistics for the city or state in which it was located. In some instances separate reports were secured for dif- ferent industries carried on in the same establishment. Persons engaged in the industry. — At the censuses of 1899, 1904, and 1909 the following general classes of persons engaged in manu- facturing industries were distinguished: (1) Proprietors and firm members, (2) salaried officers of corporations, (3) superintendents and managers, (4) clerks (including other subordinate salaried employees), and (5) wage earners. In the reports for the censuses of 1904 and 1899 these five classes were shown according to the three main groups: (1) Proprietors and firm members, (2) salaried officials, clerks, etc., and (3) wage earners. The second group included the three classes of salaried officers of corporations, super- intendents and managers, and clerks. In certain tables relating exclusively to the present census a somewhat different grouping is employed — that into (1) proprietors and officials, (2) clerks, and (3) wage earners, the first group including proprietors and firm members, salaried officers of corporations, and superintendents and managers. In comparative tables covering the censuses of 1899 and 1904 it is of course necessary to group the figures for 1909 accord- ing to the classification that was employed at the earlier censuses. 13—54—57 65TO' At this census the number of persons engaged in each industry, segregated by sex, and, in the case of wage earners, also by age (whether under 16 or 16 and over), was reported for December 15, or the nearest representative day. The 15th of December was selected as representing for most industries normal conditions of employment, but where conditions were exceptional and the December date could not be accepted as typical an earlier date had to be chosen. In the case of employees other than wage earners the number thus reported on December 15, or other representative day, has been treated as equivalent to the average for the year, since the number of employees of this class does not ordinarily vary much from month to month. In the case of wage earners the average is obtained in the manner explained in the next paragraph. In addition to the more detailed report by sex and age of the number of wage earners on December 15, or other representative day, a report was obtained of the number employed on the 15th of each month, without distinction of sex or age. From these figures the average number of wage earners for the year has been calculated by dividing the sum of the numbers reported for the several months by 12. The average thus obtained represents the number of wage earners that would be required to perform the work done if all were constantly employed during the entire year. Accordingly, the importance of the industry as an employer of labor is believed to be more accurately measured by this average than by the num- ber employed at any one time or on a given day. In 1899 and 1904 the schedule called for the average number of wage earners of each sex 16 years of age and over, and the average number under 16 years of age without distinction of sex, for each month, and these monthly statements were combined in an annual average. Comparatively few manufacturing concerns, however, keep their books in such way as to show readily the number of men, women, and children employed on the average each month. These monthly returns by sex and age were, in fact, largely esti- mates. It was believed that a more accurate and reliable sex and age distribution could be secured by taking as a basis of estimate the actual numbers employed on a single day. In 1889 the time the plant was in operation was used as a basis for computing the average number of employees, whether such time was the entire year or only a fraction of a year. These differences in method have but little effect upon the comparability of the statistics, however, except for certain seasonal industries like canning and preserving. Prevailing hours of labor. — The census made no attempt to ascertain the number of employees working a given number of hours per week. The inquiry called merely for the prevailing practice followed in each establishment. Occasional variations in hours in an establishment from one part of the year to another were disregarded, and no attention was paid to the fact that a limited number of employees might have hours differing from those of the majority. In the tables all the wage earners of each establishment are counted in the class within which the establishment itself falls. Sn most establishments, however, all or practically all the em- ployees work the same number of hours, so that these figures give a substantially correct representation, of the hours of labor. -13 10—13 \0 MANUFACTURES. \s>- X \ Capital. — For reasons stated in the general report on manufac- tures for the United States as a whole (Volume VIII of Thirteenth Census Reports), the statistics of capital secured by the census c avass are so defective as to be of little value, except as indicating very general conditions. The instructions on the schedule for securing data relating to capital were as follows: The answer should show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed, on the last day of the business year reported. All the items of fixed and live capital may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If land or buildings are rented, that fact should be stated and no value given. If a part of the land or build- ings is owned, the remainder being rented, that fact should be so stated and only the value of the owned property given. Do not include securities and loans representing investments in other enterprises. Materials. — The statistics as to cost of materials relate to the materials used during the year, which may be more or less than the materials purchased during the year. The term "materials" includes fuel, rent of power and heat, mill supplies, and containers, as well as materials forming a constituent part of the product. Expenses. — Under "Expenses" are included all items of expense incident to the year's business, except interest, whether on bonds or other forms of indebtedness, and allowances for depreciation. Value of products. — The amounts given under this heading repre- sent the selling value or price at the works of all products manu- factured during the year, which may differ from the value of the products sold. Value added by manuiacture. — The value of products is not a satisfactory measure of either the absolute or the relative importance of a given industry, because only a part of this value is actually created by the manufacturing processes carried on in the industry itself. Another part of it, and often by far the larger part, repre- sents the value of the materials used. For many purposes, there- fore, the best measure of the importance of an industry is the value created by the manufacturing operations carried on within the industry. This value is obtained by deducting the cost of the materials used from the value of the products. The figure thus obtained is termed in the census reports "value added by manu- facture." Cost of manufacture and profits. — Census data do not show the entire cost of manufacture, and consequently can not be used to show profits. No account has been taken of interest or deprecia- tion. Even if the amount of profit could be determined by deduct- ing the expenses from the value of the products, the rate of return on the investment could not properly be calculated, because of the very defective character of the figures regarding capital. Primary horsepower. — This item represents the total primary power generated by the manufacturing establishments plus the amount of power, principally electric, rented by them from other concerns. It does not cover the electric power developed by the primary' power of the establishments themselves, the inclusion of which would evidently result in duplication. D. OF D. I m * THE OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM INDUSTRY. GENERAL STATISTICS. Scope of the industry. — This industry embraces establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of floor coverings of oilcloth and linoleum (including cork carpet) and of enameled oilcloth, including table, shelf, and upholsters'oilcloth, etc. Some of the estab- lishments in the industry also manufacture buckram and burlap wall coverings, which are included under "all other products" in Table 9. Establishments which manufacture opaque window shade cloth, how- ever, are not included. The report also takes cogni- zance of establishments manufacturing artificial leather (included with "upholstering materials" in 1909), to the extent of including in Table 9, but not elsewhere, statistics of the quantity and value of this product, which is closely allied to oilcloth and linoleum in composition. In reports of previous censuses the statistics for the industry have been published separately under two classifications, "oilcloth, enameled," and "oilcloth and linoleum, floor," but at the present census, because of the overlapping of the statistics, the two classifica- tions have been combined under the designation ' ' oil- cloth and linoleum." Summary for the two branches of the industry. — Table 1 presents statistics for the oilcloth and linoleum industry as a whole and for its two branches sepa- rately for 1909. Table 1 ESTABLISHMENTS MANWACTVIUNi; PRIMARILY— Total Oilcloth and linoleum floor Oilcloth, enameled. . . Num- ber of estab- lish ments. Wage earn- ers (aver- age num- ber). 4,225 976 Wages. $2,825,549 ,309,404 516,141 Cost of materials. S15.550.101 10,145,316 5,404,785 Value of products. $23,339,022 15,813,331 7,525,691 Value added by manufac- ture. $7,788,921 5,668,015 2,120,906 The oilcloth and linoleum branch of the industry contributed 67.8 per cent of the total value of prod- ucts reported for the industry as a whole and 72.7 per cent of the value added by manufacture. Of the total number of wage earners, 81.2 per cent were reported by the floor oilcloth and linoleum branch. Comparison with earlier censuses. — Table 2 sum- marizes the statistics for the manufacture of oilcloth and linoleum as reported at each census from 1869 to 1909, inclusive. The financial figures for 1869 are given in currency, which at that time was worth only about 80 cents, gold, to the dollar. For strict comparison, therefore, these figures should be reduced about 20 per cent. Table 2 NUMBER OR AMOUNT. 1909 Number of establishments Persons engaged in the industry . . . Proprietors and firm members. Salaried employees Wage earners (average number) Primary horsepower Capital Expenses Services Salaries Materials Miscellaneous Value of products Value added by maufacture (value of products less cost of materials) 5. i6; $19,634, 20,860, 3,474, 649, 2,825, 15,550, 1,835, 23,339, 7,788,921 1904 3, 10, $13,803, 13,724, 2,304, 361, 1,943, 10,050, 1,369. 14,792; 4,742,237 1899 27 3,409 26 153 3,230 7,561 $8,879,102 9,994,265 1,922,636 294, 523 1,628,113 7,549,672 521,957 11,402,620 18,89 28 ( J ) m ( 2 ) 1,862 2,669 $4,477,256 4,676,936 1,050,430 8 3,363,813 262,693 5,4S1,087 3,852,948 2,117,274 1,831,679 1879 ('-) 1,993 P) $3,744,550 P) 849,862 8 3,982,908 m 5,814,587 1869 34 ( 2 ) m 1,411 424 $2,237,000 ( 2 ) 687,288 ( ! ) ( 2 ) 2,548,76S P) 4,211,579 1,662,811 PER CENT OF INCREASE.' 1899- 1909 14.8 63.0 -57.7 125.5 61.0 113.3 121.1 108.7 80.7 120.4 73.5 106.0 251.7 104.7 1904- 1909 14.8 35.1 -8.3 59.0 33.9 59.5 42.2 52.0 50.7 79.7 45.4 54.7 34.0 57.8 102. 2 64. 2 1899- 1904 20.6 -53.8 41.8 20.2 33.7 55.5 37.3 19.9 22.6 19.4 33.1 162.4 29.7 1889- 1899 73.5 183.3 98.3 113.7 83.0 124.4 98.7 108.0 1879- 1889 C) 19.6 '23.'6 -15.5 -5.7 23.1 82.0 15.6 10.2 1879 -14.7 («) 67.4 '23.7 56.3 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. Where percentages are omitted comparable figures are not available. ' Figures not strictly comparable. ' Comparable figures not available. The manufacture of oilcloth in the United States commenced about 1807. Statistics for the industry first appeared in the census reports for 1810, when 1 establishment in Philadelphia was reported as engaged in "floor cloth stamping." Its product was given as 1,500 yards, valued at $3,000. At the census of 1849, 56 establishments were reported, with 650 wage earners and products valued at $1,256,994. The census of 1859 showed 49 establishments, with 1,538 wage earners and products valued at $3,602,216. The industry has shown continuous and substantial increases for the entire period covered by Table 2, with the single exception of the decade 1879-1889, when slight decreases appeared in several of the principal items shown. The value of products for 1909 was more than five times that in 1869, and the (3) MANUFACTURES. number of wage earners increased 268.6 per cent between tbose years. The value of products and cost of materials mare than doubled during the decade 1899-1909, the percentage of increase in each case being slightly less than during the preceding decade. The number of wage earners increased 61 per cent and the amount paid in wages 73.5 per cent from 1899 to 1909. Salaried employees were included to some extent with wage earners at the earlier censuses, and comparative figures for this class, therefore, are not shown for censuses prior to that of 1899. The value of products of establishments engaged in manufacturing oilcloth and linoleum in 1909 was $23,339,022, two-thirds of which ($15,550,101) repre- sented the cost of materials. The value added by manufacture (value of products less cost of materials) was, therefore, $7,788,921. Summary, by states. — Detailed statistics for 1909 are given for each state in the industry in Table 11, so far as figures can be presented without disclosing individ- ual operations. New Jersey was the leading state in the industry in 1909, reporting 40.8 per cent of the total number of wage earners and 43.5 per cent of the total value of products. Pennsylvania ranked second in value of products; figures for this state can not be given, however, without disclosing individual operations. New York ranked third in value of products in 1909, reporting 15.1 per cent of the total value of products and 21.2 per cent of the total number of wage earners. Persons engaged in the industry. — Table 3 shows, for 1909, the number of persons engaged in the indus- try classified according to occupational status and sex, and in the case of wage earners, according to age also. It should be borne in mind that the sex and age classification of the wage earners in this and other tables is an estimate obtained by the method described in the Introduction. Table 3 CLASS. PERSONS ENGAGED TN THE INDUSTRY. Total. Male. Female. 5.557 5,345 212 111 110 1 11 48 52 245 5,201 10 48 52 191 5,044 1 54 157 5,154 47 4,997 47 157 The average number of persons engaged in the in- dustry during 1909 was 5,557, of whom 93.6 per cent were wage earners, 2 per cent proprietors and officials, and 4.4 per cent clerks, this class including other subordinate salaried employees. Of the total number of persons engaged in the industry, 5,345, or 96.2 per cent, were males. The number of children reported as wage earners was only 47. In order to compare the distribution of the per- sons engaged in the industry in 1909 according to occupational status with that in 1904 it is necessary to use the classification employed at the earlier census. (See Introduction.) Such a comparison is made in Table 4. Table 4 PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY. CLASS. 1909 1904 Per cent Number. Per cent distri- bution. Number. Per cent distri- bution. crease: 1904- 1909 Total 5,557 11 345 5,201 100.0 0.2 6.2 93.6 4,112 12 217 3,883 100.0 0.3 5.3 94.4 35.1 59.0 Wage earners (average number). 33.9 Wage earners employed, by months. — Table 5 gives the number of wage earners employed in the oilcloth and linoleum industry on the 15th (or nearest repre- sentative day) of each month during the year 1909. Table 5 January... February . March April May June July August September October . . . November December . WAGE EARNERS IN THE INDUSTRY: 1909 Number. 5,083 5,110 5,100 5,057 5,133 5,158 5,1C9 5,221 5,282 5,3:1 5,321 5, 435 Per cent of maximum. 93.5 94.0 93.8 93.0 94.4 94.9 95.1 96.1 97.2 98.5 97.9 100.0 In the industry as a whole the largest number of wage earners employed during any month of 1909 was 5,435 in December, and the smallest number, 5,057, in April, the minimum number being equal to 93 per cent of the maximum. In 1904 the maximum number, 3,953, was shown for August, and the minimum num- ber, 3,780, for November, the minimum number being equal to 95.6 per cent of the former. Prevailing hours of labor. — In Table 6 the wage earners in the oilcloth and linoleum industry have been classified according to the number of hours of labor per week prevailing in the establishments in which they were employed. In making this classification the average number of wage earners employed during the year in each establishment was classified as a total according to the hours prevailing in that establishment, even though a few employees worked a greater or smaller number of hours. Table 6 wage earners in the industry: 1909 Averaee number. Per cent of total. Total 5,201 14 16 370 2.074 2,727 100.0 0.3 0.3 J4 7.1 39.9 60 52.4 OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM. Of the 5,201 wage earners reported for 1909, 2,727, or 52.4 per cent, were employed in establishments where the prevailing hours of labor were 60 per week ; 2,074, or 39.9 per cent, in establishments where the prevailing hours were between 54 and 60 per week ; and 400, or 7.7 per cent, in establishments where the pre- vailing hours were 54 or less than 54 per week. Character of ownership. — Table 7 presents statistics with respect to the character of ownership of the establishments engaged in the oilcloth and linoleum industry. Table 7 CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS. VALUE OF "RODUCTS. 1909 1904 1909 1904 Total 31 2 3 26 100.0 6.5 9.7 83.9 27 3 3 ■21 100.0 11.1 11.1 »77.8 $23,339,022 (14,792.246 135,150 '906.044 22,432,978 100.0 1,082,489 '13,574,607 100.0 0.9 '3.9 96.1 7.3 *91.S 1 Includes two establishments under individual ownership, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 3 Includes one establishment undor firm ownership, to avoid disclosure of indi- vidual operations. Establishments under corporate ownership in- creased both absolutely and relatively in number and in value of products during the five-year period 1904 to 1909. Size of establishments. — The average size of the establishments in this industry, as measured by value of products, is larger than in most other industries. Eight establishments reported a value of products in excess of $1,000,000; nineteen, a value of products of $100,000 but less than $1,000,000; and four a value of products of $20,000 but less than $100,000. The average value of products per establishment, as com- puted from figures in Table 2, increased from $422,319 in 1899 to $752,872 in 1909, and the value added by manufacture advanced from $142,702 to $251,256 during the same period. The average number of wage earners per establishment increased from 119.6 in 1899 to 168 in 1909. Expenses. — As stated in the Introduction, the census statistics representing expenses do not purport to show the total cost of manufacture, since they take no account of interest or depreciation; hence they can not properly be used for determining profits. Facts of interest can be brought out, however, con- cerning the relative importance of the different classes of expenses which were reported. Table 2 shows the total expenses in the oilcloth and linoleum industry in 1909 to have been $20,S60,264, distributed as fol- lows: Cost of materials, $15,550,101, or 74.5 per cent; wages, $2,825,545, or 13.5 per cent; salaries, $649,083, or 3.1 percent; and miscellaneous expenses, made up of advertising, ordinary repairs of buildings and ma- chinery, insurance, traveling expenses, and other sundry expenses, $1,835,535, or 8.8 per cent. There were considerable variations in the proportions of the total reported expenses represented by the various classes in the several states, due largely to differences in the grades of oilcloth and linoleum manufactured. In the four principal states in the industry, as shown in Table 11, the cost of materials ranged from 82 per cent of the total expenses in Massachusetts to 69.8 per cent in New York. Engines and power.— The amount of power used in the industry was first reported at the census of 1869. Table 2 shows that the total power used increased from 424 horsepower in 1869 to 16,125 in 1909. Table 8 shows the statistics of power as reported at the censuses of 1909, 1904, and 1899. Table 8 POWER. NUMBER OF ENGINES OR MOTORS. HORSEPOWER. PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF HORSEPOWER. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 PTlmary power, total 223 156 117 16, 125 10,112 7,561 100.0 100.0 100.0 175 148 117 15,048 9,984 7,561 93.3 98.7 100.0 174 1 146 2 117 15,046 2 9,831 47 106 128 7,461 (') 100 (') 93.3 ( 2 ) 6.7 97.2 0.5 1.0 1.3 9S. 7 Gas Other 1.3 48 8 (') 1,077 48 S (') 1,002 75 93 35 (') 6.2 0.5 0.9 0.3 Other Electric motors . 336 125 75 4,540 1,275 718 100.0 100.0 100.0 Run by current generated by es- tablishment Run by rented 288 48 117 8 75 (■) 3,538 1,002 1,182 93 718 77.9 22.1 92.7 7.3 100.0 1 Not reported. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The total primary power used in the oilcloth and linoleum industry increased from 7,561 horsepower in 1899 to 16,125 horsepower in 1909, or 113.3 per cent. Steam power formed the major part of, the primary power employed in the industry, though the propor- tion which it formed of the total primary power de- creased from 98.7 per cent in 1899 to 93.3 per cent in 1909. Rented electric power increased from 93 horse- power in 1904 to 1,002 horsepower in 1909. This class of power was not reported for the industry in 1899. The horsepower of electric motors run by current gen- erated in the establishments in the industry was nearly five times as great in 1909 as in 1899. MANUFACTURES. SPECIAL STATISTICS RELATING TO PRODUCTS. Summary for the United States. — Table 9 shows the quantity and value of the different kinds of oilcloth and linoleum manufactured in 1909 and 1904 by estab- lishments in the industry, and also the quantity and value of the artificial leather produced in 1909. Table » Total value. Oilcloth Floor- Square yards Value.." Enameled — Square vards Value..' Table- Square yards Value. ." Linoleum Linoleum, including cork carpet - Square yards Value Inlaid linoleum — Square yards Value Artificial leather: Square yards Value All other products. 1909 8279,239 1904 ' $26,253,796 814.792.246 $11,681,012 88,648,337 IS, 354, Sol 83, 776, Ml 21,456,615 83,565,689 17,338,440 82,265,146 11,574,986 81,542,467 61,168,777 85,639,206 810,844,928 38,026,083 83,540,181 85,328,800 26,215,979 87,850,4:17 14,765,284 84,223,992 4,460,275 82,994,491 2,126,178 81,104,808 11,869,875 8 83,448,617 8815,109 i In addition, products to the value ol $33,32S were reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. The production or artificial leather is included under "up- holstering materials" in the general reports. 2 Figures not available. Each of the varieties of oilcloth and linoleum shows a considerable percentage of increase in quan- tity and value except floor oilcloth, the output of which decreased 14.5 per cent in quantity, although its value increased 5.9 per cent. The decrease in the output of floor oilcloth is explained by the in- creased degree to which linoleum has been substituted for it as a floor covering. Inlaid linoleum shows the largest percentages of gain of any of the products of the industry during the five-year period, 109.8 per cent in output and 171 per cent in value. The out- put of table oilcloth, the most important of the oil- cloth products in 1909, increased 60.9 per cent and its value 59.3 per cent between 1904 and 1909. Floor oilcloth, which was the principal kind of oilcloth manufactured in 1904, representing 41.2 per cent of the total value of oilcloth produced, con- tributed only 32.3 per cent of the total value in 1909. The proportion of the total value represented by table oilcloth, on the other hand, increased from 40.9 per cent in 1904 to 48.3 per cent in 1909, and the pro- portion represented by enameled oilcloth from 17.8 per cent in the earlier year to 19.4 per cent in the later year. In 1909 the value of linoleum represented 48.1 per cent of the total value of the combined value of oil- cloth and linoleum, as compared with 38.1 per cent in 1904. "Linoleum, including cork carpet," repre- sented 72.4 per cent of the total value of linoleum pro- duced in 1909, as compared with 79.3 per cent in 1904. The manufacture of artificial leather is so closely allied to the oilcloth industry that the quantity and value of this product has been included for 1909 in the preceding table. The total value of products as shown in Table 9 is not comparable with the total for 1904, since the value of artificial leather was not in- cluded at the former census. Artificial leather, al- though used to some extent in bookbinding, is used principally in the upholstering trade, and the reports for the manufacture of this product were included with those for the industry designated "upholstering materials" in the general census reports of 1909. A detailed statement of the different products can not be given for any individual state except New Jersey without disclosing the operations of individual establishments. New Jersey was the leading state in the industry both in 1909 and 1904. The total value of products of the oilcloth and linoleum industry, in- cluding artificial leather, for this state in 1909 was $11,519,680, which constituted 43.9 per cent of the total value for the United States. Linoleum repre- sented more than half (57.5 per cent) of the total value of the products of the industry for the state, its value, $5,834,338, being 53.8 per cent of the total value of linoleum for the United States. Of the total value of the different varieties of linoleum manufactured by the establishments in New Jersey in 1909, inlaid lino- leum constituted 22.5 per cent and "linoleum, includ- ing cork carpet," 77.5 per cent. The proportion which the value of the different varieties of oilcloth constituted of the total value of oilcloth produced in the state was as follows: Floor oilcloth, 34.4 per cent; enameled oilcloth, 28.2 per cent; and table oilcloth, 37.4 per cent. The value of artificial leather manu- factured in New Jersey in 1909 was $1,377,084, or 39.9 per cent of the total for the United States. Exports and imports. — Table 10 gives the amount and value of the imports and the value of the exports of oilcloth and linoleum from 1898 to 1910, inclusive, as compiled from the reports of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce. Table 10 IMPORTS. Exports (value). Square yards. Value. 1910 4,848,615 5,306,329 6,114,568 7, 109, 067 5,470,460 3,508,855 3,381,534 3,358,655 1,824,579 1,306,222 832,405 416,658 81,834,640 1,894,810 2,102,313 2,313,772 1,744,539 1,220,372 1,201,070 1,105,894 681,464 532,255 407,008 216,210 8482,086 359, 764 359, S01 353,808 2S'i.o77 269, 929 231,297 221,417 189, 291 172,635 141,917 132, 532 118,641 i Not reported separately prior to 1899. OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM. The statistics of imports and exports in the reports of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce do not make a clear distinction between cotton oilcloth and other cotton cloths; therefore, only the imports of floor oilcloth and linoleum are included in Table 10. The exports, however, include the statistics for all classes of oilcloth. In 1899 the imports of oilcloth and linoleum amounted to only 416,658 square yards, valued at 1216,210, but increased steadily from year to year until 1907, when 7,109,067 square yards, valued at $2,313,772, were reported. From 1907 to 1910 the imports decreased to 4,848,615 square yards, valued at 11,834,640. The value of the exports of oilcloths has also in- creased with each successive year, with the single ex- ception that there was a decrease in 1909 as compared with 1908. DETAILED STATE TABLE. The principal statistics secured by the census con- cerning the oilcloth and linoleum industry are pre- sented, by states, in Table 11, which gives detailed statistics for 1909 concerning the number of establish- ments, number of persons engaged in the industry, wage earners on December 15, or the nearest repre- sentative day, primary horsepower, capital, expenses, value of products, and value added by manufacture. OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM— DETAILED STATISTICS, BY STATES: 1909. Table 1 1 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. WAGE EARNERS— DEC. 15, OR NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY. Total. Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Sala- ried officers super- intend- ents, and man- agers. Clerks. Wage earners. Total. 16 and over. Under 16. Primary horse- power. STATE. Male. Fe- male. Average number. Number, 15th day of— Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Maximum month. Minimum month. United States . . . Massachusetts 81 3 3 10 4 11 5,557 239 59 2,264 1,153 1.S42 11 100 8 8 32 15 37 191 8 10 73 28 72 64 3 2 30 6 13 5,201 220 39 2,123 1,102 1.717 De 5, 435 Api 224 Au 42 Oc 2,230 De 1,173 Ap 6, 057 Ja 211 Ap" 37 Ap 2,035 Au 1,037 5.541 226 41 2.294 1.173 1.807 5.324 186 41 2,247 1,070 1,780 167 40 50 16, 125 375 210 7,819 2,384 5,337 6 2 3 16 103 8 31 19 Capital. EXPENSES. Value or products. Total. Services. Materials. Miscellaneous. added ->y manu- facture Officials. Clerks. Wage earners. Fuel and rent of power. Other. Rent of fac- tory. Taxes, includ- ing in- ternal revenue. Con- tract work. Other. (value of products less cost of mate- rials). United States . . . Massachusetts 819.634.138 688,617 137, 418 8, 109, 744 2,901.569 820, 860. 264 1,476.153 227,289 8, 839. 919 3,104.373 8380. 685 29,598 14,400 96, 003 71.114 8268.498 12, 816 6,255 97,334 42,316 109, 777 82. 825. 545 117,764 26, 133 1, 187, 248 570 630 8525. 740 12,573 4,720 237, 217 815. 024. 361 1.197,947 156. 025 6,400,777 85,772 2,760 1,800 "1,212" 868.677 4,942 1,100 32,650 827,645 81.733.441 97, 753 16.856 784, 483 242,853 591,496 823, 339, 022 1,704,470 256, 159 10, 142, 596 3,521,689 7, 714, 108 (7.788.921 493.950 95,414 3,504,602 1,356,128 2,338,827 New Jersey New York 4,207 All other states • 7, 796, 7 90 7,212 530 1 69. 470 923 770 187, 800 5,187,4 31 18, 086 23,438 1 Same number reported for one or more other months. » All other states embrace: Illinois, 1 establishment ; Indiana,!; Maine, 2; Minnesota,!; Ohio, 3; Pennsylvania, 3. LIBRPRY OF CONGRESS 018 452 261 5 Hollinger pH 8.5 Mill Run F03-247