THE PHILOSOPHY OF ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY: lIV A CODhSK OF TWELVE LECTURES. B\ JOHN BOVEE DODfc STBKEOTTFE EDITION NEW YORK: FOWLER & WELLS CO., PUBLISHERS, 753 Broadway. 1885. W\ j&iterod, uccording to act of Congress, m the year 1850, by C. P . OUCS u ihft Clerk »OUice©i tie Diutrict Court for the Southern Dtomct of New Varli BY TRANSFER FEB 2» Jtf* DEDICATION 1C G. C. MARCHANT, M.D My Dear Sir — For twenty years past I have bee* Ultimately acquainted with you, and I enjoy the pleasing reflection that we have, during that entire period, re- mained warm, personal friends. Fully sensible of your sterling integrity and honor as a man and a distinguished American citizen, and sensible that the science of Elec- trical Psychology will prove to be most deeply interest- ing to your discerning and gifted mind, and that you will love, honor, and cherish it as you do the other sciences of the day with which you have become famil- iar; and having so often and deeply felt your friend- ship in acts of kindness, I claim the favor, as an ex- pression* of my confidence in your goodness, and also in your medical skill, to dedicate this work to you. You will perceive that I have intentionally written it in a fanciful style, so as to make it pleasing to readers in general ; and surely you, as a critic, will overlook this, as I have also endeavored to please the scholar by throwing out before him a fair and liberal specimen of original thought. As such it is most respectfully \r\scribed to you by your sincere friend, J. B. DODS. CONTENTS TA9W8 DEDICATION, 3 INTRODUCTION. 0-13 LECTURE L ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY — ITS DEFINITION; AND IMPORTANCE IN CURING DISEASES, 15-32 Invitation by members of United States Senate to lecture on the Science of Electrical Psychology — Man should use his reason —His space is small, yet his power extends to other worlds— Tne greatness and mnjesty of Nature — Her mysterious opera- tions — Mai; a progressive being — .Author's reference to his Mesmeric Lectures — Has for twenty years argued electricity to be the connecting link between mind and matter — Letter from Hon. Richard D. Davis, with editorial remarks on the mysterious nature of the experiments — Hiram Bostwick, Esq., cured of palsy — Two girls cured of deafness — Lady restored to speech and sight — Editorial advice to physicians to learn this Science — Resolutions of Dr. Dods' class of forty-five per- sons in favor of this Science — A lady cured who had not walked for eighteen years — Distinction between Mesmerism and Electrical Psychology. LECTURE II. BEAUTY OF INDEPENDENT THOUGHT AND FEAR- LESS EXPRESSION, . 33- 4S Electrical Psychology has claims to philosophy — Its strangeness awakens the deepest feelings of contempt among skeptics— Those who scoff and sneer have received their ideas by in- heritance, without labor, as they did their estate — Such, though learned, are the greatest enemies of science — The march of intellect — Improvements of the day — The chariot of science commenced its career at the morning of creation, with but few on board, and will continue to roll on without end — Its passengers here are mortals ; in eternity, immortals— The variety and richness of the intellectual and moral field- Use o' the school and college — Divines should not fear science —It cannot destroy the Bible — Creation successive — Its vast- ness — All sciences have been opposed, and their discoverer* persecuted— Harvey — Galileo — Newton — Fulton — Gall — Spurzheira — Combe — The Fowlers, of New York — Men should seek for true fame, and not a momentary popularity- True fame denned — A specimen of it in the example of Chrirf. CONTENTS, LECTURE III. PAGES CONNFXTING UNK BETWEEN MIND AND MATTER, AND CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD, 49-6* Let not opposition surprise — -The characters from whom it comes are pointed out— Immutability of truth — It cannot be affected by the belief or unbelief of men — Electrical theory of the uni- verse — Electricity eternal- — The agent employed by the Creator to move globes and carry on the operations of nature — It is a universal agent, and the cause of light, heat, vegetation, twi- light, evaporation, storms, earthquakes, and hurricanes — Man an epitome of the universe — All substances in him — Mind has both voluntary and involuntary powers — -Brain is the fountain of the nervous system — Mind the cause of all motion, and can touch nothing but electricity — From mind to dead matter is seven liuks — -Mind holds its royal throne in the brain, and ex- ecutes its commands through electricity, its prime minister- Circulation of the blood — Its philosophy is new — Heart, with its ventricles ard auricles — Why nerves attend the arteries and not the veil* 6 ' —How the brain is supplied with electricity —Why arterial blood is cherry-red, and venous blood purple. LECTURE IV. PHILOSOPHY OF DISEASE AND NERVOUS FORCE, 65-8J Circulation of the blood concluded — Circulating system is two systems — Arterial blood is positive, venous blood is negative — The notion refuted that the heart circulates the blood and ex- erts a force of 100,000 pounds — The heart it moved by the involuntary force of the cerebellum — The blood is moved by the positive and negative forces of electricity taken in at the lungs by inspiration — Philosophy of disease — One cause only for all diseases — Diseases do not originate in the blood, but in the electricity of the nerves — They begin in the finest invisible substance in the body and end in the grossest — All convulsions in nature begin and end thus — Blood not rendered impure by foreign substances carried into it, but by being thrown out of balance in its circulation — Diseases caused by mental or physical impressions — Disease settles upon the weakest organ or part of the body — Nervous fluid thrown out of balance is disease, and when equalized is health — Half of the nervous fluid is under the voluntary control of the mind — The other half is not LECTURE V, CURE OF DISEASE AND BEING ACCLIMATED, . . 82-9t Philosophy of disease — Mental and physical impressions— Ra- tionale of its cure — Man riding — Head aches — Meets a robber — Headache cured — The healing principle is in us, not in med- icine — Equalize circulation by nervous force — Emetics do not CONTENTS, possess the vomiting principle — Vomiting is pi\ duced by nerv- ous force — Examples and proof — Diseases cured by mental impressions, even though caused by physical impression- Medicines produce physical results — Example of a peacn-tree —Physicians should state to the patients what medicines they administer — How to preserve health — Bathings — No disease cured by an opposite — Philosophy of becoming acclimated — Mineral and vegetable kingdoms — Man a vegetable of second growth — All vegetables and animals adapted to their climates —Foreign substances should not be eaten — Change of our flesh and bones — Clothing adapted to climate — God has not erred in disposing the vegetable substances over the globe- Truth immutable. LECTURE VI. EXISTENCE OF DEITY PROVED FROM MOTION, . 99-111 Reason fearless of consequences — The power of electricity — Its awful manifestations — Nothing compared with Deity — Spirit supposed to be immaterial, but is not — Supposed to be the re- sult of mechanism, but is not — Dr. Priestly — Atheists — The resurrection — Spirit is a substance — Electricity is universal- Mind is the opposite of dead matter — Body and nature com- pared — Each organ has but one function — The chain of ele- mentary substances considered, from the heaviest up to the lightest — Only one substance has motion, thi* is mind — The unseen is the reality, the visible is not — The tree is an out- shoot from the invisible life of the seed — All powers are in the unseen substances — Earthquakes — Man and nature alike — In- voluntary powers of mind — Involuntary powers of God — His voluntary powers create — His involuntary govern through established laws — God's voluntary powers cannot be thwarted, his involuntary can — First human pair — Difference between being born and created — The acorn and the oak, which was first — Geology — Creation and government of the globe — Pre- mature deaths argued — Two brains — Voluntary and involun- tary powers — The office of each proved by preparing food and eating it. LECTURE VIL SUBJECT OF CREATION CONSIDERED, .... 119-147 I'd motion originates in mind — Thought is not mind — Creation is a vast subject — Man's right to reason on any subject — Worlds made out of electricity — Nothing cannot be made into some- thing — Apostle Paul — Bible sense of create — Something must be eternal — God, space, and duration considered — Philosophi- cal necessity — Electricity is the body of God — Each animated body is an outshoot from mind — God's mind is not omnipresent, his body is — Mind is form — The serpent — The lobster — All fettling in mind- -Amputations— How mind moves the body— 8 CONTENTS. ffAOBI One h indeed elements — Mode of creation— Gradually frum the invisible to the visible forms — Boyle — Bishop Watson — Requires e4ectricity, out of which the globe was made, to gov em it — One hundred cords fastened on one hundred elements in electricity — Positive and negative forces — Ultimates and primates — Gold and phosphate of lime — Sun is electricity — Philosophy of twilight — The globe not yet finished — Newton — Comets — Elliptical orbits — Volcanoes — Philosophy of variation of the compass — The globe yet in its embryo — When finished — What future generations will say of us. LECTURE VIII. DOCTRINE OF IMPRESSIONS, 136-151 Creation and Electrical Psychology —All substances in man — It requires electricity, out of which he was made, to govern him — Philosophy of digestion — Chyle, serum, blood, flesh, tendons, bones — Positive and negative forces — Blood the universal sol- vent of the body as water is of the globe — The brain — Stomach — One hundred elements — Law of equilibrium— Nature like man is thrown out of balance and becomes sick — Hurricane and tornado — Rheumatisms and broken bones preceding a storm — Thunder storms — Cause of hail — Earthquakes — Earth may have a bowel complaint — Volcanoes — Eruptions — Nature is cured by her own impressions, and so is man — Sleeping in un- healthy climates — Keep positive to surrounding impressions- Citizens of Charleston, S.C. — Country fever — Dr. Mason Good —Fear — Cholera— Salem witchcraft — Pleading guilty — Dan- ger of executing persons on their own confessions — Judges and jurors. LECTURE IX. CONNECTION BETWEEN THE VOLUNTARY AND IN- VOLUNTARY NERVES, 152-15! Electricity the connecting link between mind and inert matter— Goose pimples on the arm — Insulated stool — Nerves are mag- netic — Electrometer — Why mind removes warts, king's-evil, or tumors — Dr. Warren, of Boston — Electro-nervous fluid heals— Why it heals — Tne voluntary and involuntary powers — Throne of the mind — Each person has two distinct brains through which the mind acts — Connection between the voluntary and involun- tary nerves — How one may aflect the other — Death occasioned by the want of sleep — Death is the sleep of the involuntary powers — Suspended animation in alligators, toads, serpents, raccoons, etc. — Suspended animation in some human beings for several days — Its philosophy or cause — Danger of prema- ture interments — A man in New Jersey, his case stated — The circulating and nervous systems compared — The mind's throne in the medulla oblongata— Philosophy of natural sleep— Con- clusion — Poetry on Hope. CONTENTS. 9 PASBS &©althy climates — Keep positive to stL.»rour ding impressions- Citizens of Charleston, S* C— Country fever— Dr. Mason Good — Fear — Cholera — Salem witchcraft— Pleading guilty —Dan- ger of executing persons on their own confessions— Judges and jurors. LECTURE IX. CONNECTION BETWEEN THE VOLUNTARY AND IN VOLUNTARY NERVES. 164-13) Electricity the connecting link between mind and inert matter- Goose pimples on the arm — Insulated stool— Nerves are mag- netic — Electrometer — Why mind removes warts, king's evil, or tumors — Dr. Warren, of Boston — Electro-nervous fluid heals — Why it heals — The voluntary and involuntary powers — Throne of the mind — Each person has two distinct brains through which the mind acts — Connection between the volun- tary and involuntary nerves — How one may affect the other- Death occasioned by the want of sleep — Death is the sleep of the involuntary powers — Suspended animation in alligators, toads, serpents, race jons, etc. — Suspended animation in some human beings for s« vera! days — Its philosophy or cause — Dan- ger of premature ii terments — A man in New Jersey, his case stated — The circulating and nervous systems compared — The mind's throne in the medulla oblongata — Philosophy of natural sleep— Concl usion. LECTURE X. ELECTRO-CURAPATHY IS THE BEST MEDTCAL SYS- TEM IN BEING, AS IT INVOLVES THE EXCEL- LENCES OF ALL OTHER SYSTEMS, 181-191 Electrical Psychology is in its infancy — The power it is destined to exert over disease in coming ages — It is the most sublime system of philosophy in existence — Excels astronomy and geol- ogy, which are great — Its importance not realized — It uses safe remedies — Discards poisons — It takes its medicines from the fields of nature where the patient lives — Animals do the same — The different medical systems noticed — They should all be combined in one system of Curapathy — Hydropathy con sidered — Aeriapathy considered— Electricity, galvanism, and magnetism are useful — Called Electropathy — Terrapathy con- sidered, or earth cures — Eaiths should be applied to the system in various forms, particularly in inflammations — Man needs but little medicine — Attention to food as to quantity and quality is about all he needs — Why Terrapathy cures is argued — Difficult to solve — Can physicians tell why any medicine cures ? — In- stinct of the rattlesnake to cure himself when bitten — A negro, on being bitten, ate the same plant and was cured — Most of the valuable medicines were discovered by old country women, old hunters, and Indians and n^t b\ doctors — With much op- 10 CONTENTS. Pi position they were forcec! to adopt them — Their opposition to Peruvian bark, the virtues of which were discovered by monks — Tlie clergy opposed it — A state of health and disease consicU ©red — Negative and positive forces considered — Positive elec- tricity belongs to the air, negative to the earth — There are pos- itive and negative diseases — How cured — Herbs are the eldest born children of mother earth — They always hang upon her breast — Clay poultices — The body buried in soils — Instances where Terrapathy has cured — The Master and the blind man —The clay and spittle — Absorbent power of earths — Sting of a bee cured — Grease spots, how removed from silks or wool- ens — The scent of a skunk removed from clothes by earth— The cause of this considered, and the supremacy of Electro- Psychological Curapathy shown over all medical systems in being. LECTURE XL THE SECRET REVEALED, SO THAT ALL MAY KNOW HOW TO EXPERIMENT WITHOUT AN INSTRUCT- OR, 199-23* is this science involves all medical systems, aii I embraces other agents besides, so it should be understood by all — Doctor* should understand it — It often saves life when medicines fail— It can be thoroughly learned and practically understood in tec hours — Dr. Dods will teach it if preferred — He is located is New York — Will attend to imparting instruction and lecturing abroad, if invited — Ignorant persons have gone abroad pretend- ing to teach it for ten dollars, for two dollars, and some for twenty-five cents — Some have changed its name to that of Elect ro-Biology — To prevent imposition the secret is revealed — How can those teach its philosophy and its application to disease who are ignorant of the human system ? — More is here taught than by any lecturers — God has stamped simplicity on his works — Each organ of the body performs but one function — There is but one nerve through which ideas are transmitted to the mind — Ideas are successive, not simultaneous — We can not attend to two public speakers at once — The mind has a spiritual brain and spiritual organs — The nerve through which impressions are communicated to the mind is located in th* organ of Individuality — All the organs are double — This nerve has infinite branches to all the voluntary parts of the body to communicate motion — A pebble thrown into Lake Superior- Its illustration — Philosophy of sympathy — Personal identity— The brain is the earthly house — To control a person, a commu- nication must first be established, either by or without contact —The philosophy of communication in general — Positive and negative forces of male and female electricity — Every one has bis electric circle — One in twenty-five is naturally in the psy etiological state — The various modes of taking communication —But one way aftei all — Directions given — Tqm gnpe-^Tbe CONTENTS. 11 Dinar, or Cubital Nerve — The Median Nerve — Both are com- pound nerves — The Median Nerve is the best for cornmunica* lion — Its branches connect with the five senses — Various direc- tions given how to experiment — Effects produced upcn the subject — The coin described, and how to use it — The number of sittings — Other substances may be used — The science di- vided into five plans — Mesmerism is No. 1 — The gripe No. 2— The coin No. 3 — The experiments No. 4 — And its application to curing the diseases of those not in the state is No. 5 — Each A these plans explained — Directions how to mesmerize fullv given — How to awake him by an impression — Can not experi- ment without a communication — All philosophy requires cause, medium, and effect — God could not alfect the globe, nor its in- habitants, if he were isolated — Why the experiments are con- ducive to health — Philosophy of a surgical operation without pain while the patient is awake and rational — Connection be- tween the mind aud nerves of sensation — Case of Henry Clay in an exciting speech in Congress — He felt not the insertion of a pin into his flesh — Dr. Channing's remarks on no pain being felt by the martyrs — None is felt from a wound in the heat oi battle — Inference. LECTURE XII. BENETOLOGY, OR HUMAN BEAUTY PHILOSOPHICAL- LY CONSIDERED, 233-*'4| Human beauty founded on the doctrine of impressions— Our spe- cies gradually improved — Born into existence with such forms as we desire — Beauty loved, desired, and praised by all — The mother by mental impressions variously affects the foetus — Has produced abortion — Was frightened at a cub and produced an idiot who acted like a bear — A lady frightened by a parrot— Her child born a mediocre — A son born with compressed tem- ples, caused by the mother seeing a lamb's head crushed— A child born with one arm and leg — Effects produced by long- ings — Color of wine transferred to the foetus — Strawberry blackberry, etc., transferred — Objections of medical writers are groundless — It is no new truth — Old as human records— Laban deceived Jacob — Rachael and Leah — Jacob's cattle speckled — He used speckled rods — Its philosophy — Aqua regia dissolves gold — Galvanizing metals — Making a bank plate- Identity of letters, marks, and engravings preserved on raetala —Application of this to the subject — Menses are the raw ma- terial to form tht child — How it is formed — How to produce it in her own image — How to make it resemble her husband, or any one else — Influence of her love or hatred on the foetus— Effects of jealousy — Every object she sees has a tendency to produce a favorable or unfavorable result on the child — Mind has spiritual organism — Philosophy of effects produced upon the foetus— -The mother's responsibility — Importance of gov- 12 CONTENTS. TAQUt erning her passions, feelings, and emotions — Importance of Phrenology — How the highest specimens of human beauty may be produced — A talented lady considered — Pictures, countenances, forms, landscapes — Under what impressions to conceive — Her room, its furniture — Her mind, how employed in contemplating the beautiful in nature and art — Her food, and how to proceed till the time of delivery — All great men produced by talented mothers — Talent depends more on the mother than father — But few are now qualified to produce beauty — Improvement gradual till the work shall be universally consummated — Those in the psychological state considered, and the husband's influence on such — Importance of educating woman in all the sciences, and in political economy and his- tory, equal to man — The responsibility of her station in rearing her child — The inconsistency of committing her child to the care of ignorant or base servants — The pulpit — Its moral power — It neglects this great subject and must be aroused to nobler action — The gospel of Christ — The millennium — Agricultural associations are improving both vegetables and animals — Re- wards offered for the most beautiful specimens — But nothing dcoe to improve and beautify the human form — We will begin te—Fature generations will consummate it — Poetry on hope. INTRODUCTION. The author received the following invitation from tLe under, figned honorable gentlemen, members of the United States Senate to Jecture in Washington city, District of Columbia: " Washington, Feb. 12th, 1850. " To Dr. Dods : " Dear Sir — Having received highly favorable accounts of the addresses delivered by you, in different sections of the Union, on * Electrical Psychology,' a department of science said to treat of the philosophy of disease, and the reciprocal action of mind and matter upon each other, we would be gratified if you would deliver a lecture on the subject in this city, at the earliest time consistent with your convenience. With a view to the accommodation of members of Congress and the community generally, the Hall of Representatives, if it can be procured, would be a suitable placi for the delivery of your discourse. " Yours, truly, " Geo. W. Jones, Tho. J. Rusk, " John P. Hale, Sam Houston, " H. Clay, H. S. Footb, Dan. Webster." To the above the following answer was returned : "To the Hon. Tho. J. Rusk, Sam Houston, H. S. Foote, Geo. W. Jones, John P. Hale, Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster, all of the United States Senate : u Gentlemen : " In reply to yours of Feb. 12th, I would respectfully say, that I feel myself highly honored to receive an invitation from you, to lecture upon the philosophy of Electrical Psychology in the United States Capitol. With this invitation I comply, and it affords me much pleasure to do so. Owing, however, to circumstances and previous engagements, my earliest and only time during my pres« ent visit in Washington, will be on Saturday evening, Feb. 16th I will therefore appoint that time as most suitable to my conveni taoe, and commence my lecture at half-past seven o'clock. ** With sentiments of high consideration, I am " Fours, truly, " J B Doi*.» H INTRODt CTION. The science of Electrical Psychology 1 have taught to more thi* 4 thousand individuals, and in all cases I have uniformly charged gentlemen fen dollars for tuition, and ladies Jive. I have also made it a uniform practice to lay them indiscriminately under written obligations, pledging most solemnly their sacred honor, as ladiea and gentlemen, that they would never teach it to any persons but . of good moral character, nor, in any instance, for a less price than above stated, and that they would lay all those whom they taught under the same written obligations and pledges. But it so hap- pens, that unprincipled individuals, regardless of their pledges of Bacred honor, have, in numerous instances, violated them, and taught, or at least pretended to teach, this science to others for any price they could obtain. There are, however, many honorable ex- ceptions to this course of conduct among my students, and I am proud to bear this testimony to their faithfulness. The substance of the first nine of these Lectures was deliv- ered, by request, in Washington city, last February, and immedi ately published. The sale of the work has exceeded my expecta- tions, and, in this Fourth Edition, I have fully revealed the secret, so that the reader, by the faithful perusal of my Lectures XI. and XII., will be as well qualified to experiment as those unprincipled pretenders, above noticed, who go about as teachers. They have even made their pupils believe, that nothing was necessary for them to know only the nerve or gripe to get a communication and to speak in a positive manner and full tone of voice to the sub' ject! But you will perceive, on reading this work, that they have not taught you the A, B, C of this science. Its philosophy has cost me seven years of intense study, and it can not be revealed in a moment, not taught but by a workman. Honor and justice, under all these circumstances, require me to publish the mode of experimenting, so that those who shrll teach it hereafter, will b« compelled to study and prepare themselves for the work, as quali- fied instructors, because something more *han the secret, whiclj Lecture XI. reveals, will now be required JB DOD& Few York, September 26th, 1860. electrical psychology- lecture i Ladies and Gentlemen : I have received an invitation from several emineni members of the United States Senate, to deliver a Lecture on the Science of Electrical Psychology — the philosophy of disease — the connecting link between mind and matter — their reciprocal action upon each other, and the grand operations of nature that this science may involve. In compliance with this invita- tion, I now stand before you for this purpose, and wili endeavor faithfully to discharge my duty. In order to do my subject justice, I shall be under the necessity of making a very liberal draft on your time and patience. Sensible that I stand here by the invitation of those distinguished orators, statesmen, and generals, whose eloquence, in defence of Liberty, has been felt by thrones — whose wisdom has given laws that are re- spected by all nations on earth, and make millions of 16 ELECTRICA1 PSYCHOLOGY. freemen happy — and whose heroism has breasted the battle storm in defence of human rights — it may well be expected that I should, in some measure at least, feel the embarrassment that tne occasion itself must naturally inspire. As the Creator of the universe has endowed man with reason, and assigned him a noble and intelligent rank in the scale of intellectual and moral being— and as he has commanded him to use this faculty — so I may with justice remark, that he who cannot reason is a fool ; he who dare not reason,, is a coward ; he who will not reason, is a bigot \ but he who can and dare reason, is a man. The realms of nature lie open in boundless prospect above, beneath, and around us. As inhabitants of this globe, we occupy but a small spot — the centre, as it were, of the immense universe that swarms with a countless variety of animated beings, and contains end- less sources of mental and moral delights. Order, harmony, and beauty are so perfectly woven together and blended throughout nature, as to form the mag- nificent robe she wears, and with which she not only charms and even dazzles the eyes of the beholder, but eo'nceals the overwhelming power and majesty of her person. As she moves, the most grand and awful impressions mark her footsteps on the globe's surface or centre — in air or ocean. She smiles in thv? gentle* Hess of the calm, and frowns in the fury of the storm. LECTURE I. 17 But whether silence reigns, earthquakes rumble, or thunders roll, she keeps her mighty course unaffected by the revolutions of ages. At the same time that there is confessedly something most grand in the operations of nature, and even while the most gifted minds are reveling with delight amidst her magnificence, and feasting upon her splendors, there is still something humiliating in the thought, that incomprehensibility continues to hold its dark and sul- len empire over the causes of many of her most sub- lime manifestations. For a period of twice three thousand years, she has concealed beneath the shadow of her hand, not only the cause of worlds rolling in their ceaseless course through the illimitable fields of space, but also the rise and fall of vegetation, and the phenomena of life and death. Man is intellectually a progressive being. Though confined to a narrow circumference of space, and chained to this earth, which is but a small part of the unbounded universe, yet as his mind wears the stamp cf original greatness, he is nevertheless capable of ex- tending his researches far beyond the boundaries of this globe. His mind is capable of a ceaseless devel- opment of its powers. From the faint glimmerings of infantile reason, he passes on to that intellectual strength and grandeur when he can take a survey of the planets, the dimensions of the sun, trace the comet in its erratic course, analyze the works of God, and 18 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. comprehend the v&dt ^nd complicated operations of hia own mind. How sublime is the contemplation, that he can invade the territory of other worlds, bring thei: within field-view of the ken of his telescope, and see them play their aerial gambols under the superintend- ence of attraction and repulsion. But before I proceed any further, it becomes neces- sary that I clearly state the subject of my present course of Lectures, so that we may enter upon it under- standingly, and, if possible, with a clear conception of its nature and importance to the human race. The subject, upon which I am entering, is that to which I have given the name of Electrical Psychology, as the one which is, in my estimation, the most appropriate. Psychology is a compound of two Greek words, viz., psuche. which means soul, and logos, which meann word, discourse, or wisdom. Hence by Psychology we are to understand the Science of the Soul. And as all impressions are made upon the soul through the medium of electricity, as the only agent by which it holds communication with the external world, so you readily perceive not only the propriety but the entire aptitude of the name Electrical Psychology. Twenty years ago, I discovered electricity to be the connecting link between mind and inert matter, and on this discovery the philosophy of the present science is based. Ever since 1830, I have contended, that elec- tricity is not only the connecting link between mind LECTURE I. J.9 and inert matter, but is the grand agent employed by th<) Creator to move and govern the universe. These views, in opposition to the doctrine of inherent attrac- tion in matter, I advocated in Taunton, Massachusetts, in two Lectures I delivered before the Lycc am in 1832. The substance of these is embodied in six Lectures I delivered at the Marlboro Chapel, in Boston, Janu- ary 1843, by request of members of both branches of the Massachusetts Legislature then in session in that city ; and they have been most extensively published in this country, and repub'ished in England. In that work they are applied to the philosophy of Mesmerism* I make these remarks so that ladies and gentlemen present on this occasion may know, that my views of the electrical theory of the universe, and the con- necting link between mind and inert matter, are not the breathings of a momentary impulse, but of long and matured deliberation. Electrical Psychology takes a most extensive range ; and embraces a field rich in variety of thought. It is so startling to human credulity, that its truth cannot be believed, only by passing it through the ordeal of the severest scrutiny by oft-repeated experiments. As to the character and force of these experiments, I can- not better express them than in the following editorial notice from the " Saratoga Republican." The editor of the Saratoga Republican having re- ceived a letter from the Hon. Richard D. Davis, for- 20 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY, merly a member of Congress, in relation to this science* writes as follows : " Dr. Dods, who professes to have discovered a ne^ science, to which he applies tho name of Electrical Psychology, is at present giving a series of remarka- ble experiments, in our village, by way of illustrating its truth and undoubted reality. By it he professes to be able to perform the most startling and cunning ex-, periments, upon persons fully awake, and in the most perfect possession of all their faculties. Controlling their motions — standing up, they find it impossible to sit down ; if in a sitting posture, they are unable to rise till the operator allows them to do so. He claims to have the power to take away the powers of hearing, speech, sight, and the memory, etc., whenever he pleases, and to return again these faculties instantly •, that he can change the personal identity of certain individuals, making them imagine for the time being that they are persons of color, that they belong to the opposite sex, or that they are some renowned general, orator, statesman, or what-not. He professes to be able to change the appearance and taste of water in rapid succession to that of lemonade, honey, vinegar, molasses, wormwood, coffee, milk, brandy ; the latter producing all the intoxicating effects of alcohol. He brings before his subjects the threatening thunder- cloud. They see the lightnings flash and hear the thunders roll; the storm bursts over their heads, and LECTURE 1. 21 they flee tc a plaje of shelter, undei a table, be^ch, or any thing that offers protection. All this while the individuals experimented upon are perfectly awake and in possession of their reasoning faculties. " We are well aware, that the first impression upon the mind of the reader will be, that all this is absurd, ridiculous, and utterly impossible. This would be the natural conclusion of every one who had never wit- nessed any of these surprising phenomena; but the reality of all this is maintained by some of the most respectable and talented men in the country. Wo have permission to refer to several individuals of tho highest standing and character, who are believers ill this science, and have been pupils of Dr. Dods. We have before us a letter written by Hon. Richard D, Davis, from which we make the folloAving extract. Mr. Davis says : " The science which Dr. Dods teaches, is to my mind alike novel, instructive, and useful — full of speculation fit for the loftiest intellect, and replete with rich in- structions for every condition of human life. So far as I am able to judge, I can safely say, that no person of ordinary capacity and intelligence can take the usual course of lessons from the doctor, who will not at its end sincerely acknowledge himself more than tenfold repaid for its cost of time, trouble, and expense ; and the more the ability and information of the individual may be, tfie more ready will be the acknowledgment. I am i 22 ELECTRIC il PSYCHOLOGY, willing to express more than half the gratification an i instruction which I have received, and if my recom- mendation can prevail with any one to become his pu- pil, it is most cheerfully and earnestly given." What I have now read in your hearing, will give you some idea of the nature of the experiments, and also what claims Electrical Psychology has, in the opinion of distinguished men, in relation to its pretensions to science and usefulness. But there is no question, that ladies and gentlemen, after admitting that these exper- iments are truly wonderful, and to them incomprehens- ible, will yet ask, of what use are they to the humar race ] The great usefulness and transcendent import ance of this science to the human race consist in it curative powers over those diseases that medicine can not remove. As facts come home to men's bosoms^ and rebuke the skeptic in a voice of thunder, so I can- not give a better answer to the question, nor render you a better service, than to read a few extracts from the city papers of Auburn, New York, where I last lectur- ed and experimented. It is as follows : " Hieam Bostwick, Esq., so long and so well known in this city [Auburn] and county, during more than two years before he saw Dr. Dods, did not take a natural step. For a year and a half last past, could only slowly drag his feet along, as though they were attached to wooden legs, and, at that, did not attempt to drag fcimself about the streets. Besides an attack last LECTURE i. 28 spring (which was the fifth stroke of palsy he had re ceived), he could not even distinguish light from dark- ness, with his right eye. In a word, he was dead to happiness and usefulness. He met Dr. Dods, and in less than a week he was taking walks of a mile in length. With his right eye he distinguishes persons^ and is constantly improving, while he is daily prome- nading our streets with the perfect control and use of every muscle, and is quite as happy as any man we meet. 5 ' I will read again from another Auburn paper. It is as follows : u Do the dumb speak and the deaf hear 1 In Au- burn, in October, 1849, they do. This forenoon, two girls went to the City Hall, neither of whom could hear a conversation in an ordinary tone. They were ope- rated upon some five or six minutes each, upon the principles of Electrical Psychology as taught by Dr Dods, and when they left, one of them could distinctly hear an ordinary conversation, and the other could as distinctly hear a whisper.' 5 " Yesterday noon, a lady from Massachusetts called upon Dr. Dods, at the Western Exchange. Her eye- lids were so drawn down over her eyes that she could not see, and she could not talk. In twenty minutes she could both see and converse. If any one discredits this statement, let him ask Gen Wood, the gentle- manly proprietor of the Exchange When this blind 24 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. and dumb lady came, her femak attendant stated t€ Gen. Wood, that her friend had not opened her eyea for three years, and for the last year had not uttered a syllable. The afflicted lady made the same state- ment, after the doctor had restored her wonted powers of speech. During the three years, she was for one of them confined in a dark room, to avoid the supposed injurious effects of light. She could not raise the up- per lids of the eyes. " Such was her situation when she called upon Dr. Dods at the Exchange yesterday ; and in half an hour she left again, drinking in with delight the prospect about her, and from which for years she had been en- tirely shut out, and while at the same time she poured forth her joy in words which it may be well imagined were those of the purest ecstasy. Her friends tried to prevail upon her, when she reached the carriage at the door, to shield her eyes, lest the sudden change from darkness to glare should have a deleterious in- fluence upon those sensitive and delicate organs ; but a gaze about the city was too rich a treat to be lost, and she availed herself of the opportunity tc enjoy it. " As this lady had been so long and so severely afflicted, had availed herself of the knowledge and skil] afforded by the medical profession, and was at the time traveling in search of health, I thought the case wnr« thy of mention. LECTURE I- 25 *• Do not understand me to be one who, even if in Jn» power, would do any thing to depreciate the high estimation in which the medical profession is so justl} held. Not at all. /I regard it as one of the noblest of all pursuits, and believe that its practitioners, as a clnss, are not excelled, if equaled, by any other in kindness, self-denial, and humanity. / But I will say, that every physician ought to understand Dr. Dods' system of Electrical Psychology. There is no room to doubt that it will not only give him a knowledge of laws and phenomena of the human economy he does not now know or comprehend, but will enable him to afford re- lief and restoration in cases where before it was out of his power. " Granting this to be so — and the appeal here is to facts which cannot lie — what is the duty of the honest physician? Is it to sneer at a system or science which, with a respectable face, makes even these pro- tensions ? — which professes to unfold laws and powers of mind and body which they do not understand, and backed up by actual, tangible results, which utterly dumbfound the whole of them ? Is sneering his duty, when his hands hold the scales in which are deposited life and death? Is it not rather his duty to investi- gate the matter — to probe it to the bottom — to kLOW all that can be known about it ? " The community will answer these questions, be- cause they are deeply interested in the answer* In 2 26 ELECTRICAL PSYCHO. JGY. this city, cures will be performed within one year, by the pupils of Dr. Dods, in cases where the present medical system has been exhausted in vain. This will test the question. And by this test, every physician who sneers at Electrical Psychology will be compelled to abide. From it he cannot, and will not escape. I will refer now to only one beauty of the electro- psychological treatment of pain and disease. Its pharmacy is always perfect — it is of God." From the extracts which I have now read in your hearing, from the Auburn papers, you will at once perceive the power and glory that hover around this science, and the importance which is claimed in its behalf as one of the greatest blessings ever vouchsafed to the human race. So that you may see the high estimation in which this science is held by the citizens of Auburn, generally, where these cures were per- formed, I will trouble my audience but once more, and ask their indulgence while I read the resolutions they unanimously passed in behalf of Electrical Psychology as a great and important science, which resolutions were published in the Auburn papers. I will also read the prefaced remarks of the editor They are as follows : " Electrical Psychology. — Dr. Dods closed his Lectures, in Auburn, on Saturday evening. It will be Been by our columns this afternoon, that the gentlemen composing his Class, availed themselves of the occa- LECTURE I 27 gion to express their views of Electrical Psychology and of the manner in which the Doctor sustained his telations as their Instructor in his system. It is enough to say that the Class numbered gentlemen of undoubted intelligence." u Proceedings adopted by the .Auburn Psychological Class. " At a meeting of the Class of forty-five persons, who had taken private lessons of Dr. J. B. Dods in the science of Electrical Psychology, held at the City Hall, in the city of Auburn, on the 27th day of Octo- ber, 1849, John P. Hulbert was called to the chair, and Dr. S. N. Smith appointed secretary. " On motion, a committee of three was appointed by the chairman to draft and report to the meeting resolutions expressive of the views and feelings of Dr. Dods' pupils, in the city of Auburn, in respect to the lessons and lectures given them by him." " On motion, the chairman and secretary were added to the committee. " The committee reported the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted by the meeting. " Resolved, That the science of Electrical Psy- chology, as taught to this class, by Dr. J. B. Dods, in a series of private instructions and lectures, we be- lieve to be founded in immutable truth, and that it 28 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. wilj accomplish for the human race an inappreciable amount of good. " Resolved, That we believe Electrical Psycho log\ has been, and will be eminently useful in allevi ating the pains of the suffering, and in the cure of dis eases ; that it is as comprehensive as it is beautiful and beneficent ; and that it is not only eminently cal- culated to enlarge and elevate the mind, but to impress upon it more exalted ideas of the infinite wisdom and goodness of the Deity. " Resolved, That we tender to Dr. Dods our thanks for the courteous and gentlemanly manner in which he has discharged his duties to us as his pupils. That he has, in all respects, redeemed every pledge or as- surance that he gave us when we became his pupils, and that in parting from him we give him our warmest wishes for his prosperity and happiness. " On motion, resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be signed by the chairman and secretary, and delivered to Dr. Dods, and that they be published in the newspapers of the city. " John P. Hulbert, Chairman. u S. N. Smith, Secretary." The subject of these Lectures is now fairly open fore us. I have explained what I mean by the term Electrical Psychology, and why I saw fit to give the science this name. The wonderful and startling *ECTURE I. 29 pnenomena that hovtr around it, like so many invisi- ble angels, and which are made manifest in the experi - rnents produced, I have also candidly stated. They consist in the fact, that one human being can, through a certain nervous influence, obtain and exercise a power over another, so as to perfectly control his vol- untary motions and muscular force ; and also produce various impressions on his mind, however extravagant, ludicrous, or wild — and that too while he is in a per- fectly wakeful state. I have stated, that it is one of the most powerful remedial agents to alleviate the pains of the suffering, and to cure those diseases that set the power of medicine, and the skill of the ablest practitioner, at defiance. And from the published newspaper articles, letters, and resolutions of most highly reputable, and even distinguished men, which I have just read in your hearing, you can form an opin- ion of the effects produced, of the cures performed, of the high estimation in which this science is held by those who have acquainted themselves with its secret powers, and of their high estimate of its incalculable importance to the human race, and the future amount of good it is ultimately destined to achieve. I have only read to you the testimony of the citizens of Auburn, but could produce the testimony of thou- sands more, from the various portions of the United States w T here I have lectured— -of the importance of this science in the cure of diseases ; and those, too, of 80 ELECTRIC iL PSYCHOLOGY. a more startling character than any I have named. 1 can produce the testimony of hundreds, that this sci- ence has, in fifty minutes, restored to Lucy Ann Allen, of Ljnchburg, Virginia, the use of her limbs; who had not walked a step in eighteen years, nor had she even been able to raise herself up from her pillow so as to sit in her bed for more than fourteen years. Such is the nature and intrinsic grandeur of this Science ; such are the experiments and facts connected with it ; such are its results that stamp it with the high im- press of its sterling importance to mankind ; and euch are its lofty end and aim ; and as such it must stand when the pillars of strength and beauty that support our Capitol shall fall and be crumbled tc dust. Some have the impression, that Electrical Psychology is, after all, but Mesmerism. In answer to such I will say, that there is a very marked difference between the two sciences, and this difference is easily pointed out. Mesmerism is the doctrine of sympathy ; Elec- trical Psychology is the doctrine of impressions. In Mesmerism there is a sympathy so perfect between the magnetizer and subject, that what he sees, the sub- ject sees — what he hears, the subject hears — what lit) feels, the subject feels — what he tastes, the subject tastes — and what he smells, the subject also smells ; and lastly, what the magnetizer wills, is likewise the will of his subject. But the person in the electro LECTURE I. 81 psychological state has no such sympathies with his operator. His sight, hearings feeling, taste, ana smell are entirely independent of the operator, and he continually exerts his will against him, and resists him with all his muscular force. The person who is aroused from the "mesmeric slumber, has no remem- brance of what transpired in it ; while the person in the electro-psychological state, is a witness of his own actions, and knows all that transpired. The person in the mesmeric state can hear no voice but that of his magnetizer, or the voices of those with whom he is put in communication. But the person in the electro- psychological state, can hear and converse with all as usual. If these distinctions are not sufficiently marked to settle the points of difference, then I will mention two more. I have found persons entirely and naturally in the electro-psychological state, who never could be mesmerized at all, nor in the least affected, under re- peated trials. The other point is, that^ no person is naturally in the mesmeric state, but thousands are naturally in the electro-psychological state, and live and die in it. Mesmerism and Somnambulism aro identical ; they are one and the same state. And aa no person is naturally in the somnambulic state, so na one is naturally in the mesmeric state. Though the experiments of both these states are performed by the same nervous fluid, yet this does not rerder the twc S3 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY, gciences identical, any more than that they art ten dered identical with fits, or insanity, which are caused by the same nervous force. These observations teing sufficient for my purpose, are respectfully submitted to VOT for your candid consideration. UtiCTURU II. 88 LECTURE II Ladies and Gentlemen: As the subject of Electrical Psychology is now fairlj introduced, its phenomena stated, and its importance to the human race clearly pointed out, we are now pre- pared to enter the diversified fields of nature ; to glance at the operations of mental and material exist- ences ; and to proceed understanding^ to the consid- eration of its claims to philosophy, as the foundation on which it rests, and the power by which its existence must be sustained. But as I ara fully sensible thaj such strange facts as ! have stated are most trying tc human credulity — sensible that they are calculated to awaken the deepest feelings of contempt in the bosoms of the skeptical, and to draw forth the sneers of man- kind — so I must be indulged to speak, in the first; place, of the march of science, the beauty of the inde- pendent expression of our thoughts, and to notice tha fate of the opponents of science in all ages of the world. Entering, as I do, upon a theme entirely new, I am by no means insensible of the embarrassments that 2* 34 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. surround me. Were I called to address you upon anj other subject than that of Electrical Psychology, I should stand before you with other feelings than those that now pervade my breast. It is by no means an enviable task to step aside from the long beaten path of science into the unexplored and trackless re- gions of solitude and silence. By si doing, and daring to think for myself, I am well aware that I assume no very enviable position as it regards popularity. Inde- pendent thought and fearless expression have ever di awn forth the scoffs and sneers of that portion of our race who have adopted, without investigation, the sci- entific opinions of others. I refer to those only who have received their ideas from others by inheritance, as they did their real estate. For the one they never labored, and for the other they never thought. Such persons, though professing to be learned, and perchance even claiming to be the guardians of science, are nevertheless its greatest enemies ; and by exerting their influence in favor of old opinions, however absurd, and against any innovations, however true, useful, or grand, are checking the mighty march of mind. They are clogs of more than leaden weight hanging upon the chariot wheels of science that are rolling through our world. It commenced its career at the breaking morn of creation, with but few passengers on board, and has continued its course with increasing speed and growing glory down to the present moment. It now travels LECTURE II. 85 witl the brilliancy and rapidity of the lightning's Haze, and even compels the very lightnings to speak in a familiar voice to man ! Yes ; they even write, not only their forky gambols on the bosom of the dark cloud, but they write on paper, and transmit human thought as swift as thought can move. The chariot of science is destined to continue its majestic course, in duration coeval with our globe ! Still more ! it is destined to outlive the dark and sullen catastrophe of worlds ! The chariot of science, with ever increasing power, magnificence, and glory, is des- tined to pass the boundaries of the mouldering tomb — to snatch immortality from the iron grasp of death, and roll on in living grandeur through the eternal world, gathering new accessions of intellectual beauty and unending delight. Its passengers here are mortal men. There they will be angel, archangel, cherubim, sera- phim, and the glorified millions of our race ! The mind of man wears the impression of divinity, the stamp of original greatness ; and is destined to ripen in mental vigor as the wasteless ages of eternity roll. Hence the very principles of our nature as an impres- sion from the hand of God, forbid us to stand still. Their command is onward. If no human being had dared to hazard the expres- sion of an original thought, then nothing in the realms of science would have been disclosed by speech, noi penned in books. A dreary, Darren waste, wrapped B6 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY in solitude and night, would have reigned for numau contemplation. But instead of this frightful picture of desolation, we see those fruitful fields of mental and moral beauty, so rich in the scenery of thought, and in endless variety, present themselves to our view« A secret rapture of thrilling delight fills the heart as we glance over this lovely scene, on which human research fcas thrown a splendor surpassing that of the noontide blaze. Had not some master spirits dared to freely speak and write their thoughts, then those pretended friends of science, who now oppose every thing that may ap- pear to them both new and strange, would have been destitute of that knowledge they obtained from books ; and not daring to think for themselves, they would have remained ill mental night. It is by daring to step aside from the beaten track of books, and bringing forth from the dark arcana of nature into the light of day some new truth, that we add our mite to the common stock of knowledge already accumulated. He who denies us this grand right of our nature is a scientific bigot, and ias yet to learn, that even the school and college were only established to discipline the mind for action. There the student, through books and instructors, is only made to see how other men have dared to think, and speak, and write, and thus his mind, being made to feel its innate freedom, power, and greatness, be- comes inspired with a self-determinaticn to do the LECTURE II. 37 game. This makes the man, and answers the loft} end of human existence. On the other hand, he who goes through life, leaning entirely upon books and the opinions of others, without thinking for himself, ren ders his present existence a blank, inasmuch as he lays his head in the dust, without its having bequeathed one original thought to the world, for the benefit of after generations. The truths that God has established inherent in na- ture, are not only infinitely diversified, but are at tho same time immutable and eternal. No possible addi- tion can be made to their number, nor is it in the power of man to create or annihilate a single truth in the em* pire of nature. Thtv exist independent of his be* lief or unbelief ; and all he can do is to search them out, and bring them forth from darkness into the light o^ day. And he who has the magnanimity to do this, so far from being opposed and persecuted, should be Sustained and encouraged as the benefactor of his race. The Creator of the universe is the Author and Pro- prietor of the great volumes of nature and revelation. Hence divines, at least those who are men of letters, should not start at any new T scientific revelations, and exclaim. " If this be true we must give up our Bibles !" As men of science, they have nothing to fear from new discoveries in the shoraless ocean of truth. The vol- umes of nature and revelation both claim the same perfect Author, who had every thing open and naked 88 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. to his omniscient inspection, and exercised infinite wis dom in producing and establishing the order and hai mony of the universe. Though this globe, and perhaps the whole of oui planetary system, was finished six thousand years ago, yet we have no reason to suppose that this was the first effort of his creating energy. We are floating in an immensity of space that knows no bounds, like the mote in the sunbeam. This is peopled with rolling worlds, in number beyond an angePs computation. And the residue, which has not yet become the abodes of light, life, order, and beauty, is filled up with mat- ter still in its uncreated state. Hence the work of creation has been going on from eternity, and will con- tinue to progress, so long as the throne of the self-ex- istent Jehovah endures, without ever arriving at an end in the sublime career of creation ! New brother crea- tions are every moment rolling from his omnific hand, and that creating fiat will never, never cease. These ideas of the wonder-working Jehovah, from whose all-forming hand worlds and systems of worlds are continually rolling, and have been, for millions on millions of ages, force upon us those amazing concep- tions of the oppressive grandeur of his works under which the mind labors and struggles in its contempla- tions, but is borne down, and lost and bewildered in the immensity of the theme. Order, variety, and qeaui y, \n endless succession meet us on every hand. LECTURE II. 3$ All this has been accomplished by the Infinite Mind, through electrical action, and bespeaks the vastness amd sublimity of the subject. It is the science of the living mind, its silent, mysterious workings, and ener- getic powers. It is a science that involves the majes- tic movement of rolling worlds, the falling leaf, and claims the Great Law of the universe as its own. The vastness, as well as the transcendent importance of the subject, clearly evince that it is worthy to be embraced by every independent, noble, and generous mind. You will pardon me, Ladies and Gentlemen, for having, by a momentary digression from the pres- ent chain of my subject, anticipated a few ideas in relation to the creation and its vastness. These more properly belong to a future Lecture, when I shall come to show what connection this science has with the uni- verse — with rolling w r orlds — yes, with a falling leaf. The fall of a single leaf is a catastrophe as dreadful to the thousands of inhabitants of its surface as the de- struction of this globe would be to us. And the blot- ting out of our globe from the catalogue of worlds, would no more be missed amid the immensity of crea- tion than the fall of a leaf compared to the sublime magnificence of the countless forests on this globe. From this digression I return to my subject. That Electrical Psychology should meet with oppo «iticn from men of a peculiar constitution of mind, and i certain degree of scientific attainments, is nothing tO ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. strange. Nor is it at all miraculous, that a few wha are deemed ir.en of talents, should oppose, and even deride it as a humbug. But as genius is supremely higher than talents, so I boldly and safely make the declaration that no man of genius has ever opposed Electrical Psychology ; nor in any age of the world has genius ever been enlisted in opposing the dawning light of any of the sciences that have arisen on earth from the morning of creation to the present day. But as before remarked, that this science should meet with opposition from that class of scientific men, who al- ways stand watching the direction in which the breeze of popularity may chance to blow with the strongest force, and who are anxious, through these means, to bring themselves into notice, and thus gain a mo- mentary fame from the passing crowd, is nothing .strange. It only proves the fact that Electrical Psychology is, in the infancy of its being, destined to share the fate of all great and useful sciences, that now stand unshaken in the republic of letters. All, in their infancy, received from such men a like opposi- tion, and upon their founders they freely breathed out their derision, scorn, and sneers. Harv^ discovered the circulation of the blood, and disclosed it to the world. He was opposed and derided, and much of that talent, learning, and cun- ning we have referred to, was enlisted against hinou Tbej sought to paralyze the towering wing of his LECTURE II. 41 &ENibs ; to blast his reputation ; to witiier the fairest flowers of his domestic love, hope, and joy ; and to hurl his brilliant discovery from the light of day to the darkness of night. But Harvey's name stands immor- tal on the records of true fame, and the blood still continues to frolic in crimson streams through its liv- ing channels, while his learned opposers are forgotten, Galileo discovered the rotation of this globe on its axis. So great was the opposition of the learned powers com- bined against him, that they arraigned him and his theory at the august and awful bar of humbug. There they fairly tried him and his discovery under the splen- did and majestic witnesses of derision, sneer , and scorn ; and the court very gravely decided, that his discovery was a heresy, and that he must openly ac- knowledge it to be so to the world. To this sentence he submitted — acknowledged his theory to be a heresy, but remarked, that he nevertheless believed it true. Galileo lives in the bright page of history. That sen- tence did not arrest the globe in its mighty course. It still continues to roll on its axis as he discovered and proclaimed, while the learned opposers of nis theory, who courted popular favor at the expense of honor, ara Bunk into merited oblivion. Newton's genius, when he was but a boy, intui tively drove him to study gravitatic n by piling up small heaps of sand, and to notice more strictly this power in the falling apple. It drove him to fitudj t2 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. adhesion by watching the union of the pai tided watel at the side of some favorite stream ; and to perfect this science he is next at the centre of the globe. From gathering pebbles in boyish sport on the ocean's shore, he is next among the stars, and at length pro- claims to the world his system of philosophy and astronomy. He was derided and mocked as a silly- headed fool, and his whole magnificent system was spurned with sneering contempt and pronounced a humbug by the old school of philosophers and astrono- mers. But substances continue to respect the law of gravitation, and rolling worlds to obey the law of attraction and repulsion. Newton lives in the brightest blaze of fame ; for his name is written in starry coronals on the deep bosom of night, and from thence is reflected to the centre of the globe ; while the opposers of his magnificent discovery are sunk to the shades of unremembered nothingness. The clouds and mists of their own evanescent fame have become their winding sheet. Fulton was derided, and even men of science pointed at him the finger of indignant scorn, because he de- clared that steam — a light and bland vapor, which could be blown away by human breath — could move an engine of tremendous power, and propel vessels of thousands of tons burthen against wind and waves and tides. They declared it to be the greatest of humbugs, *nd the most silly idea fiat ever entered a silly brain • LECTURE II. 43 i>r else the trick of a knave to make men invest capi- tal in order to effect their ruin. His friends, even though not over-sanguine of success, yet defended him as a man of honor. But Fulton " stood firm amidst the varying tides of party like the rock far from land, that lifts its majestic head above the waves, and re- mains unshaken by the storms that agitate the ocean." So stern was the opposition, that some of the commit- ted skeptics, who sailed from New York to Albany in the steamboat that first tried the experiment, declared, that it was impossible they had been conveyed a dis- tance of one hundred and fifty miles by steam power f and that it must, after all, have been some power aside from steam, by which they had been enabled to reach Albany! The impression of Fulton's genius is seen on all the machinery moved in our happy country by this subtile power. It is seen in railroad and steamboat communications, that bring the distant por- tions of the United States in conjunction. It is seen in the majestic steamships of England, that bring her and the transatlantic world into neigborhood with us, by a power that triumphs over all the stormy ele- ments of nature. Fulton, as a man of genius, is remembered as one of the great men of the universe, while his opposers are silent and forgotten. Thus far, I have spoken of the physical and me- chanical sciences only, involving the chemical proper- ties of matcrirl substances, and the general operation? 44 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. >f nature. I now come to those that relate to the im provement of the mind. I come still nearer hi me. The science of Phrenology, so beautiful, elevatingj and useful in its nature, and having so strong a bearing upon the character and destiny of man, as an intellec- tual, social, and moral being, and even involving the dearest interest of our race— has been, and by some still is, most shamefully abused. Gall, its discov- erer, was persecuted ; and Spurzheim, Combe, and Fowler have received unmerited abuse. The two Fowlers, of New York, have for years withstood the storm of opposition. Thus far, they have most suc- cessfully met and repulsed the assaults of men — won the victory — gathered new accessions of strength, and still hold the field. They are business men, who never slumber at the post of duty. They have made new discoveries and improvements j gathered an immense variety of cabinet specimens of skulls and busts, from the idiot up to the most brilliant intellect — from the cold-blooded murderer up to the melting soul of a be- nevolent and philanthropic Howard. They have made a righteous development of true character in the phre- nological examinations of thousands of human heads have directed the anxious parent how to train up the child of his affections ; have pointed out to the sighing lover how to choose a congenial spirit of companionship for life ; and have poured the light of mental and moral irr.prcvement in silvery streams on the grand emfirb .ECTURE h, 46 op mind. Yet such a science as this haa been callea t humbug ! and such men as these have been assailed. Their bones are worthy to repose with the great men of the universe, and their names shall live on the bright scroll of fame down to the last vibrating pendu- lum of time — shall live when the opposers of phreno- logical science shall have sunk from human remem- brance. Such has been the fate of all sciences in the infancy of their existence. The moment they were born into life, the battle-axe was raised against them, and each in succession has fought its way up to manhood. The victory in favor of truth has always been sure, and millions of sycophants in the contest have perished. How lamentable is the consideration, that there are those in this day of light, who, regardless of *he warn- ing voice of past generations, coming up from ten thou- sand graves, still shut their ears and close their eyes — and even sacrifice principle, to keep popular with those on whom they depend for a momentary fame. But they are not the men whose names will stand imperish- able in the annals of history, to be handed down to future generations. They are destined to perish from human remembrance, and not a trace of them be left on earth. I would not be understood as dissuading you from the pursuit of true fame. I do not despise its noble glory ; but am fully sensible, that of all characters evei 16 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. formed and sustained by human beings, that of tiue fame stands unrivaled and supreme on the page of his- tory. Though man is mortal, and his present existence ephemeral, yet during the short span of three-score years and ten, to what a transcendent height in the cul- tivation of his powers is he capable of soaring ! True, his station is humble, yet he who, with an unstained hand, has honorably grasped the meed of righteous fame, has clothed himself with power, has wreathed his brow with undying laurels, and invested himself with the true majesty of his nature. Fame has been alter- nately assigned to the hero, the statesman, the philoso- pher, astronomer, theologian. But fame is not confined to any rank or pursuit in life. It can only exist in the breathings of righteousness. The philosopher and as- tronomer, though chained down to earth by the law of gravitation, and tabernacled with the worm, may feel within a stirring greatness that allies them to higher intelligences in future worlds, and that bids them bear their brow aloft. They may station themselves on a mental elevation above the world, and lift their tower- ing heads to the stars. From this pinnacle of glory, they may range in loftiest thought the universe $f God and even struggle to grasp the unbounded empire over which Jehovah reigns, with all its moving worlds, and yet, if .this be all, true fame does not lie here. It is Dot the birthright of the philosopher or astronomer, ui>- LECTURE II. 41 less they are in possession of something more than in tellectual power. True fame is not the birthright of the hero. The blaze of glory that has for ages encircled his head, and with its brilliancy so long dazzled the world, is begin- ning to grow dim. The laurels that decorate his sullen brow have been gathered at the cannon's mouth, from a soil enriched with human gore, and watered by the tears of bereavement. That fancied pinnacle of glory on which he proudly stands, has been gained by con- quest and slaughter. His way to it lay over thousands of his fellow-creatures, whose warm hearts had ceased to throb ; and the music that followed his march, was the widow's moan and the orphan's wail. True famo does not lie here. It sounds not in the cannon's roar the clashing steel, the rattling drum, nor in the fright ful crash of resounding arms ! It is not heard in mar- tial thunder- It is not seen in villages on fire, nor iD Moscow's conflagration — ti it ocean of flame ! True fame breathes not in the deep-leaving sigh of despair- ing love, nor draws its immortality from dying groans on fields of war. It has a higher origin — a nobler birth — a more elevated aim. True fame consists in the LOFTY ASPIRATIONS AFTER INTELLECTUAL AND moral truth ■ and when these are found and cherish- ed, that so deep will be the convictions of duty, sus- tained by sterling honor, that no popularity— rno bribes of wealth and splendor- -no fear of frowns, nor even 48 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. the hazard of life exposed to wasting tortures shall deter that man from expressing and maintaining such truth. He who does this, possesses true and righteous fame. Should the scoffers of rising science challenge me to produce such an example of true fame ever being set on earth, I would point them to one perfect specimen on the sacred page. I would point them to the Son of Man, in the majesty of whose virtues, honor, and firm- ness in proclaiming truth, language is impoverished, all human description fails, and the living light of a2& tBenoe is darkened f orore LECTUKR III. 49 LECTURE III Ladies and Gentlemen: Persia ps I have dwelt sufficiently long upcn the pre- liminaries of my subject. I have done so to bring dis- tinctly before you its nature, and clearly state its incal- culable importance to the human family. I have done so to remind you of the opposition, sneers, and scorne that the noblest sciences have encountered in the infan- cy of their being, and in all ages of the world. I hav< reminded you that this has been done, not by men of genius, whose names are registered on the scroll of true fame, and have come down to future generations, but it has been done by that particular class of the learned who have so large a share of the love of appro- bation as to study public opinion, and follow it, right or wrong, and thus beg a momentary fame from the passing crowd, which is destined to expire in darkness, and vanish from human remembrance, before the break- ing light of truth. I have dwelt thus long upon these points so that opposition to this science may not sur- prise you, nor the real character of the opponent lie mistaken. 8 60 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Having removed every obstacle that mignt embarrass my course, and having plenty of sea- room, I am now ready to embark in defence of one of the greatest of causes. I stand before you to lecture upon the won- derful and mysterious science of Electrical Psychology I stand here to exhibit by tangible experiments those wonderful phenomena that cluster around it, and philo- sophically to defend its paramount claims to immutabk truth. The successful discharge of this incumbent duty, forces upon us the necessity of ranging the uni- verse, and summoning the vast works of earth and heaven to the b ir of reason, in order to investigate their effects, and trace them back to their correspondent causes. You are the empanneled jury to try this cause, and I rejoice that I have the honor to argue so interest- ing a point before the congregated talent and wis- dom of my country. However skeptical men may be in relation to. any thing new, yet so far as stern reality is in its nature concerned, we have this pleasing con- sideration, that the unbelief of men cannot frown truth into falsehood, nor can the belief of men smile false- hood into truth. Hence the belief or unbelief of mor- tals cannot in the least affect those truths that God has established inherent in nature, and with which his un- bounded universe swarms. I stand here to defend, the electrical theory of the universe against the assaults of men, to notice the im- mense variety of material existences, to glance at th« uECTURE III. 61 animated forms of nnng beauty, tc scrutinize ,he chem- ical properties of created substances, and to pour, if possible, the light of truth on rolling worlds. Let us even venture to step back beyond the threshold of crea- tion — venture to lift the dark curtains of primeval night, and muse upon that original, eternal material, that slumbered in the deep bosom of chaos, and out of which all the tangible substances we see and admire were made. That eternal substance is electricity^ and contains all the original properties of all things in be- ing. Hence all worlds and their splendid appendages were made out of electricity, and by that powerful, all- pervading agent, under Deity, they are kept in motion from age to age. Electricity actuates the whole frame of nature, and produces all the phenomena that trans- pire throughout the realms of unbounded space. It is the most powerful and subtile agent employed by the Creator in the government of the universe, and in car- rying on the multifarious operations of nature. Mak- ing a slight variation in the language of the poet, 1 may with propriety say — ' It warms in the suu, reneshes in the breeze, Glows in the stars, and blossoms in the trees; Lives through all life, extends through all extent* Spreads undivided, operates unspent; Breathes in our souls, informs our mortal part- As full, as perfect, in a hair as heart ; As full, as perfect, in vile man that mourns, Ai the rapt &©*aph, that adobes and burnt) 62 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. It El'itmfi all high and low, all great and small ; It fills, it bounds, connects, and equals all." It is immaterial to what department of this globe and its surrounding elements we turn our attention, electricity is there. Wherever we witness convulsions in nature, the workings of this mighty, unseen power are there. It writes its path in lightning on the sul- len brow of the dark cloud, and breathes out rolling thunder. Though cold and invisible in its equalized and slumbering state, yet it is the cause of light and heat, which it creates by the inconceivable rapidity of its motion and friction on other particles of matter. It is the cause of evaporation from basined oceans and silvery lakes — from majestic rivers and rolling streams, and from the common humidity of the earth. It formu aerial conductors in the heavens, through which thir moisture in vapory oceans is borne to the highest por tions of our globe, and stored up in magazines of rain and snow, and hail ! It is electricity that, by its cold- ness, condenses the storm, and opens these various magazines in mild beauty or awful terror on the world. It is electricity that, by the production of heat, rare- fies the air, gives wings to the wind, and directs their course. It is this unseen agent, that causes the gen- tle zephyrs of heaven to fan the human brow with a touch of delight — that moves the stirring gale-— that arms the sweeping hurricane with power — that gives to the rearing tornado all its dreadful eloquence of LECTURE III. 58 vengeance and terror, and clothes the mid lay sun in light. It givei us the soft, pleasing touches of the evening twilight, and the crimson blushes of the rising morn. It is electricity that, by its effects of light and heat, produces the blossoms of spring, the fruits of summer, the laden bounties of autumn, and moves on the vast mass of vegetation in all the varieties and blended beauties of creation. It bids winter close the varied scene. It is electricity that, by its most awful impressions, causes the earthquake to awake from its Tartarean den, to speak its rumbling thunder, convulse the globe, and mark out its path of ruin. If we turn to man, and investigate the secret stir- rings of his nature, we shall find, that he is but an epitome of the universe. The chemical properties of all the various substances in existence, and in the most exact proportions, are congregated and concen trated in him, and form and constitute the very ele- ments of his being. In the composition of his body are involved all the mineral and vegetable substances of the globe, even from the grossest matter, step by step, up to the most rarefied and fine. And, lastly, to finish this masterpiece of creation, the brain is in- vested with a living spirit This incomprehensible spirit, like an enthroned deity, presides over, and gov- erns through electricity, as its agent, all the voluntary motions of this organized, corporeal universe ; while its living presence, and its involuntary, self- moving 54 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. powers cause all the involuntary functions of life tc proceed in -their destined course. Hence human be- ings and all animated existences are subject to the same grand electrical law that pervades the universe^ and moves all worlds under the superintendence of the involuntary powers of the infinite Spirit. On this principle, it will be plainly perceived, that as man is subjected to the same common law that per- vades the universe, so electricity is the connecting link between mind and matter. As it is co-eternal with spirit or mind, so it is the only substance in be- ing that mind can directly touch, or through which it can manifest its powers. It is the servant of the mind to obey its will and execute its commands. It is through electricity, that the mind conveys its vari- ous impressions and emotions to others, and through this same medium receives all its impressions from the external world. It is by electricity that the mind contracts the muscles, raises the arm, and performs all the voluntary motions of this organized body. This I will now proceed to prove. It will be readily perceived by every one acquainted with electrical science, that if I can find an individual standing in a negative relationship to myself, or by any process render him so, then I, being the positive power, can, by producing electrical impressions from my own mind upon his, control his muscles with the naoflt perfect ease. This is evident, because the pc$& LECTURE III. 66 hve and negative forces electrically and magnetically blend, are equal in power, and paralyze each other; or, on the contrary, produce motion. This great and interesting truth I will prove to a demonstration, by experiments upon ladies and gentlemen in this audi- ence, while they are entirely awake, and in perfect possession of all their reasoning faculties. Before I proceed to produce these astonishing and even startling results, I will, in the first place, prove that electri- city is the connecting link between mind and inert matter, and is the agent that the mind employs to contract and relax the muscles, and to produce all the voluntary and involuntary motions of the body. To bring this before you in the most plain and intel- ligible manner, I would first remark that the brain is the fountain of the nervous system, from whence it Bends out its millions of branches to every part of the body. Indeed, the brain is but a congeries of nerves, and is the immediate residence of the living spirit. This spirit or mind is the cause of all motion, whether that motion be voluntary or involuntary. It wills the arm to rise, and immediately the arm obeys the man- date ; while the very presence of this mind in the brain, even though wrapped in the insensibility of sleep, produces all the involuntary motions of the vitals, and executes the functions of life. To establish the fact that electricity is, indeed, the , connecting link between the mind and the body, I 56 ELECTRICAL PS CHOLOGY. wcnld in the first place distinctly remark, that mind cannot come in direct contact with gross matter. My mind can no more directly touch my hand, than it can the mountain rock. My mind cannot touch the bones of my arm, nor the sinews, the muscles, the blood-ves- sels, nor the blood that rolls in them. In proof of this position, let one hemisphere of the brain receive what is called a stroke of the palsy. Let the paralysis be complete, and one half of the system will be rendered motionless. In this case, the mind may will with all its energies — may exert all its mental powers — yet the arm will not rise, nor the foot stir. Yet the bones, sinews, muscles, and blood-vessels are all there, and the blood as usual continues to flow. Here then we have proof the most irresistible, that mind can touch none of these ; for what the mind can touch it can move, as easily as what the hand can physically touch it can move. Our proof is so far philosophically con- clusive. I would now remark, that it is equally certain my mind can touch some matter in my body, otherwise I could never raise my arm at alL The question, then, arises, What is that mysterious substance which the mind can touch, as its prime agent, by which it pro- duces muscular motion? In the light our subject noT? stands, the answer is most simple. It is that very mbstance which was disturbed in this paralysis, and that is the nervous fluid, which is animal electricity i,i cm RE III. 57 and forms ;he connecting link between mind and mat* ter. Mind is the only substance in the universe that possesses inherent motion and living power as its two primeval efficients. These two seem to be insepa- rable, because there can be no manifestation of power except through motion. Hence mind is the first grand moving cause. It is the first link in the magnificent chain of existing substances. This mind wills. This mental energy, as the creative force, is the second link, and stirs the nervous force, which is electricity. This is the third link. This electricity causes the nerve to vibrate. This is the fourth link. The vibration of the nerve contracts the fibre of the muscle. This i,3 the fifth link. The contraction of the muscle raiseu the bone or the arm. This is the sixth link. And the arm raises dead matter. This is the seventh link So it is through a chain of seven links that mind comss in contact with dead matter ; that is, if we allow the creative force — the will — to be one link. This will) however, is not a substance, but a mere energy, or re- suit of mind. To be plain, it is mind that touches electricity — electricity touches nerve — nerve touches muscle — muscle touches bone — and bone raises dead matter. It is, therefore, through this concatenation or chain, link by link, that the mind gives motion to and controls living or dead matter, and not by direct con- tact with all substances. Hence the proof is clear and positive, that the mind can come in contact with, and 3* 58 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. by its volition control, the electricity of the body, and collect this subtile agent with fearful power upon any part of the system. It is evident that the mind holds its residence in the brain, and that it is not diffused over the whole system. Were it so, then our hands and feet would think, and in case they were amputated, we should lose part of our minds. If, then, the mini invested with royal- ty, is enthroned in the brain — and if the mind com- mand the foot to move, or the hand to rise, then it must send forth from its presence an agent, as its prime minister, to execute this command. This prime minister is electricity, which passes from the brain through the nerves, as so many telegraphic wires, to give motion to the extremities. On this principle, how easy it is to understand the philosophy of a paral- ysis. The nerve, as the grand conductor of the motive power, is obstructed by some spasmodic collapse, and the prime minister cannot pass the barrier that ob- structs its path. In this case, the mind, as the en- throned monarch, may will the arm to rise, but the urm remains motionless. But remove that barrier, the agent passes, and the arm must rise. Hence it is easily seen, that all motion and power originate in mind. I have now brought before you the connecting link between mind and matter, and through this have shown ycu the philosophy of the contraction of the human LECTURE III. 5£ Bht&^v trough mental energy. This has evcrbeen 5 and stiV i, considered an inscrutable mystery in Phys- iology. Whether it is now revealed or not, is submit- ted to your decision. To my mind, the argument in its defence is irresistible. Having clearly and philosophically established the truth, that electricity, in the form of nervous fluid, id indeed the connecting link between mind and inert matter, the question now presents itself — If the mind continually throws off electricity from the brain by its mental operations, and by muscular motion, then how is the supply kept up in the brain — through what source i§ it introduced lDte the system, and how con- veyed to the brain? I answer, through the respira- tory organs electricity is taken into the blood at the lungs, and from the blood it is thrown to nerves and conducted to the brain, and is there secreted and pre- pared for the use of the mind. It will be impossible for me to argue this point fully unless I explain at the same instant the philosophy of the circulation of the blood. As I differ also with physiologists on this point, and as I do not believe that the heart circulates the blood at all, either on the hydraulic, or any other principle, so I will turn your attention to this subject. The philosophy of the circulation of the blood is one of the grandest themes that can be presented for hu- man contemplation. While discussing this matter, it trill be clearly mad} to appear how electricity is gath- 60 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLCGY. ered from the surrounding elements, carried into ths system and stored up in the brain to feed the mind with impressions. I desire it to be distinctly under- stood, that when I speak of the electricity, galvanism^ and magnetism of the human system, or of the nerv* ous fluid, I mean one and the same thing. But before I proceed to notice the philosophy of the circulation of the blood, and the secretion of the nervous fluid, I will first make a few observations in relation to the nerves and blood-vessels, so that I may be distinctly under- stood. I have already stated, that the brain is the fountain of the nervous system, and that both its hemispheres are made up of a congeries of nerves. They both pass to the cerebellum ; and the spinal marrow, continued to the bottom of the trunk, is but the brain continued. In the spinal marrow, which is the grand conductor from the brain, is lodged the whole strength of the system. From this spinal marrow, branch out thirty- two pairs of nerves, embracing the nerves of motion and those of sensation. From these branch out others, and others again from these • and so on till they are spread out over the human system in network so infi- nitely fine that we cannot put down the point of a nee- dle without feeling it — and we cannot f sel, unless we touch a nerve. We see, therefore, how inconceivably fine the nervous system is. Jn all these millions of uerves there is no blood. They contain the electric LECTURE III. 61 fluid only, while the blood is confined to the veins and arteries. I am well aware that the blool- vessels pass round among the convolutions of the brain, and through them the blood freely flows to give that mighty organ action ; but in the nerves themselves there is no blood. They are the residence of the living mind, and its prime agent, the electric fluid. Though I have frequently, in my public lectures, touched upon the philosophy of the circulation of the blood, and hence those remarks were reported and published in my " Lectures on the Philosophy of Ani- mal Magnetism, in 1843, " in connection with my views of the connecting link between mind and matter, yet I have never taken up the subject in an exact, full, and connected detail of argument. This I will now proceed to do in connection with the secretion of the nervous fluid. I would, then, in the first instance remark, that the air we breathe, as to its component parts, is computed to consist of twenty-one parts oxygen, and seventy- nine parts nitrogen. Electricity, as a universal agent, pervades the entire atmosphere. We cannot turn the electric machine in any dry spot on earth without collecting it. Oxygen is that element which sustains flame and animal life. Neither can exist a moment without it, while nitrogen, on the contrary, just as suddenly extinguishes both. The atmosphere, in .this o impound state, is taken into the lungs, The 62 £LKCTRTCAL PSYCHOLOGY. oxygen and electricity, having a strong affinity foi moisture, instantly rush to the blood, while the nitro- gen is disengaged and expired. The blood, being oxy genized and electrified, instantly assumes a bright cherry-red appearance, and by this energizing process has become purified and prepared for circulation. The lungs, and the blood they contain, are both rendered electrically positive ; and we know that in electrical science two positives resist each other and fly apart. Hence the lungs resist the blood and force it into the left ventricle of the heart. The valve closes and the blood passes into the arteries. Hence arterial blood is of a bright cherry-red hue. It is by the positive force of electric action, propelled through every possible ramification of the arterial system till all its thousands of minute capillary vessels are charged. Along these arteries and all their thousands of capillary branches are laid nerves of involuntary motion, but no nerves whatever attend the veins. Why is this so? Why is it, that nerves, like so many telegraphic wires, are laid along the whole arterial system in all its minute rami- fications, but that none are laid along the venous sys- tem? I press this question — Why do nerves attend the arteries, while none attend the veins ? I answer, that ne/ves are laid along the arteries to receive the electric charge from the positive blood that rolls iD them, "ffiiich charge the blood received from the air in- spired hj che lungs. But as the venous blood is nega- LECTURE III. 63 fiue, it has no electricity to throw off, and hence needs no attendant nerves to receive a charge — because that very electric charge, which the blood receives from each inspiration at the lungs, is thrown off into the nerves by friction, *as it rolls through its destined chan- nels in crimson streams. At the extremities of the arterial system — at the very terminus of its thousands of capillaries, the last item of the electric charge takes its departure from the positive blood, escapes into the attendant nerves, through them is instantly conducted to the brain, and" is there basined up for the use of the mind. The arterial blood, having thrown off its electricity as above described, assumes a dark — a purplish hue. It enters the capillaries of the veins, which are as nu- merous as those of the arteries. The blood is now negative, and as the lungs, by new inspirations, are kept in a positive state, so the venous blood returns through the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs, on the same principle that the negative and positive forces rush together. There it is again electrified and oxygenized, changed to a bright cherry-red color, is again rendered positive, and is thus purified and pre- pared once more for arterial circulation. We now clearly perceive that it is electrically the blood circu- lates, and electrically it recedes from, and returns to, the lungs through the two ventricles of the heart. The heart does not circulate the blood at all, as phys- 64 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. iologists contend. The heart is the supreme regu lator of this sublime and constantly ebbing and flow- ing ocean of crimson life, with all its majestic rivers and frolicking streams ; and determines with exactness how rapidly the whole shall flow. LECTURE IT 86 LECTURE IV. Ladils and Gentlemen ■ I have in my last Lecture touched upon the philosa- phy of the circulation of the blood, the nervous sys- tem, and the secretion of electricity upon the brain, which I call the nervous fluid. As this part of my subject must, on account of its importance, possess peculiar interest to us all, I desire to dwell upon it a few moments longer. From the arguments already offered, it will be clearly perceived by every philosophic mind, that the circula- ting system is in reality two distinct systems. The first is the arterial system, that carries the posi- tive blood, w T hich is, as before stated, of a bright cherry-red color, and is ever flowing from the heart to the extremities. The second is the venous system, that carries the negative blood, which is of a purple color, and is ever flowing from the extremities to the heart. To these two circulating systems, the heart, with its two auricles, two ventricles, and valves, is exactly adapted, so as to keep the positive and nega- tive blood apart, and to regulate the motion of bo-.h 66 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. And it will be perceived that the nervous system most perfectly corresponds with what I have said of the circulating system. I mean that nerves of involuntary motion are laid along the arteries to receive the charge of electricity from the positive blood that flows in them. These views of the circulation of the blood are strength- ened by the fact, that the blood contains a certain por- tion of iron. ; and we well know that iron becomes a magnet only by induction, and loses its magnetic power the moment the electric current passes from it. Hence the blood, through the agency of the iron it contains, can easily assume a positive state at the instant it re- ceives the electric charge from the air at the lungs. It can then pass into the arteries, and by friction throw off its electricity into the nerves, and again assume a negative state as it enters the veins. I now consider the electric or magnetic circula- lation of the blood philosophically and irresistibly proved. Hence the position which many assume, that the heart circulates the blood on the hydraulic or yacuum principle, is utterly unfounded in truth. And that the heart, in accomplishing this, exerts a force, as they contend, of more than one hundred thousand pounds, is too preposterous to be believed. I grant that the heart is the strongest muscle in the human system ; but who can for one moment believe that its motive power is equal to fifty tons ? The heart, as I havD already observed, does not circulate the blood at LECTURE IV. 67 all ; ncr on the contrary does the blood cause tte heart to throb. The heart and lungs both receive their mo- tions from the cerebellum, which is the fountain and origin of organic life and involuntary motion. Hence the involuntary nerves from the cerebellum throb the heart and heave the lungs, and the electricity contained in the air they inspire, circulates the blood and sup- plies the brain with nervous fluid, as I have already explained. Perhaps, however, the inquiry may here arise, What proof is there that the involuntary nerves from the cerebellum throb the heart and heave the lungs, and that the blood is not mado to circulate from the same cause ? This double interrogatory is easily answered. In- sert, for instance, a surgical knife between the joints of the vertebrae, and cut off the spinal marrow below the lungs and heart — all the parts below this incision will be so completely paralyzed, and voluntary motion and sensation so entirely destroyed, that we have no power to move the limbs by any volition we may exert ; nor have we any power to feel, even though the paralyzed limbs should be broken to pieces by a hammer, or burned with fire. Yet in these immovable and un- feeling parts the blood continues to circulate as usual through the veins and arteries. This is proof positive that the blood is not made to flow by any power what- ever invested in the cerebellum but, as before proved 68 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLC3I. by the positive and negative forces of that electricity contained in the air inspired by the lungs. But let the spinal marrow be severed above the lungs and heart, and both will be instantly paralyzed and cease their motions ; yet the last inspiration taken in by the lungs will cause the blood to circulate till it floods the right ventricle of the heart with venous blood, and empties the left ventricle of its arterial blood. This is proof the most irresistible, that the heart and lungs ARE MOVED BY AN INVOLUNTARY NERVOUS FORGE ORIGINATING IN THE CEREBELLUM, while the blood is circulated by the positive and negative forces of that electricity which is taken in with the air at the lungs. The lungs merely act as a double force-pump to bring in the surrounding atmosphere, extract from it a proper supply of the vital principle to feed the bright and burning flame of life, and to reject and expire the dregs unfit for that end. This is perhaps as much as it is necessary to say in relation to the circulation of the blood, and the constant secretion of the nervous fluid from the arterial blood to the brain. I now turn to the philosophy of disease, and will be brief as pos- sible. It is generally supposed by medical men, that there are innumerable causes for the various diseases in ex- istence, and that even one disease may have raanj causes in nature to produce it. But I contend, that tber<* is but one grand causf for all diseases, and thisf LECTURE IV. 69 is the disturbing of the vital force of the bod) There is in every human being a certain amount of electricity. This is, as I have said, the most subtile and fine mate- rial in the body ; is the power, as has been shown, that moves the blood ; and is the agent by which the mind ; through the nerves, contracts the muscles and produces motion. And as all the convulsions and operations in nature and in man invariably begin in the invisible and finest substances in being, and end in the most gross, so electricity, in the human system, is the cause of all the effects there produced, whether salutary or other- wise. When this electricity is equalized throughout the nervous system, the blood will also be equalized in its circulation, and the natural result is health. But when it is thrown out of balance, the blood will, in like manner, be also disturbed, and the natural result is disease ; and the disease will be severe or mild in the same ratio as the vital force is more or less dis- turbed. I am well aware that medical men are much inclined to examine the patient's pulse, and watch the move- ments of the blood. They seem to think that nearly all diseases originate in the blood, and hence, under this impression, hundreds of specifics, or nostrums, have arisen to purify the blood, as though it contained some foreign properties that rendered it impure, and that these, by some medical treatment, must be extracted or removed from the system. But all this is fallacious 4 10 EL£CTRIC XL PSYCHOLOGY. as the blood contains no foreign properties to render it impure. The blood becomes impure only through a disturbed circulation. It can be purified fey no other substances in being, except what are contained in the air at the lungs. These are oxygen and electricity. The whole blood in the body must, every few moments, be passed through the lungs to be purified and preserved from putrefaction. If the circulation, in any part of the body, be obstructed, or thrown out of balance, so that the blood cannot pay its timely visit to the lungs, it must become extravasated and impure. If, in any part of the body, there is a complete obstruction, so that the blood is entirely retained, then inflammation, ulceration, and corruption must ensue. I now turn directly to the subject, and call your un- divided attention to the philosophy of disease. The operations of the mind, and the nervous system of man, have been too much overlooked by medical men, who have paid great attention to the blood, and to the more gross and solid parts of the body. But it is evi- dent that disease begins in the electricity of the nerves, and not in the blood. Electricity is the starting point. From thence it is communicated to the blood, from the blood to the flesh, and from the flesh to the bones, which are the last effected/ It begins in the finest, and ends in the grossest particles of the system. The un- seen are the starting powers. I have already remarked that the brain is the foun« LECTURE IV. 71 t&in of m& nervous system, and sends forth its millions of branches to eveiy possib.e part and extremity of the body. This nervous system is filled with electricity, which is the agent or servant of the royal mind, who, as monarch, holds his throne in the braji. From thence the mind, by its volitions, controls one half of the electricity of the system. It controls all that is contained in the voluntary nerves, but has no such control over the other half, which is confined to the in- voluntary nerves. Though there is but one grand cause of disease, which is the electricity of the system thrown out of balance, yet there are, nevertheless, two modes by which this may be done. It may be done by mental impressions. And so it may be done by physical im- pressions from externa) nature. I will first notice how diseases are produced by mental impressions. Millions of our race have been swept from the light of life to the darkness of death by various diseases caused by mental impressions. Misfortune and dis- tress have fallen upon many a father, a mother, an(* many a child. They have shut up in their bosoms all these mental woes, and brooded over their misfortunes in secret, concealed grief. Melancholy took possession of the heart, the vital force was disturbed, the system was thrown out of balance, disease was engendered, and they went to their graves. I am now addressing this audience. The action of 72 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. my mini has called the electricity of the system from the extremities to the brain. The blood has followed it. My feet being robbed of their due proportion of the vital force, are, in the same ratio, cold, and hence, this is, so far, disease. And unless I ceased speaking, and suffered a reaction to take place, it would bring me to my grave. A man accumalates a fortune of two hundred thou- sand dollars. He loses one half of it, and is hurled in distress. He broods over his misfortune. The mind is in trouble ; it shrinks back on itself. The electricity of the system, this servant of the mind, leaves the extremities and approaches the brain, the throne of the master. The blood follows on ; the ex- citement becomes great, and he believes he shall die in an almshouse. He is a monomaniac. Suppose he now loses the other half of his fortune, and his mind will become involved in still greater distress. This mental action calls an increased quantity of electricity, that is, of nervous fluid, to the brain, and an equal amount of blood follows on. He is now entirely de- ranged, and his feet are incessantly cold, because the brain has robbed them of their due proportion of the vital force. Now do you not perceive, that if these forces are dispersed from the brain, and the circulation equal- ized, that his reason will be restored ? There is not too much of blood and electricity in the system, but there may be toe much in any one department of the LECTURE IV. 73 flyfitem. I will now suppose him once more in posses- sion of his reason. Now bring him intelligence that his darling child is crushed to atoms. The mind sud- denly shrinks back on itself ; the electric, or nervous fluid, instantly darts to the brain, like, a faithful serv- ant to see what distresses the master. The blood as suddenly follows the servant. The storm rages, and a fit ensues. Let the news be still more startling, and the congregated forces will, in the same ratio, be in- creased upon the brain, and he drops a corpse ! So we perceive that, in all these instances, there is but one cause of disease. The only difference we have wit- nessed in the effects produced, was a gradually increas- ed action, occasioned by an increased power of the same cause, even from the slightest excitement, grad- ually up to that fearful point where it produced instant death. An instance analagous to this, transpired here among you, in the case of the distinguished statesman, John Quincy Adams. Perhaps too much anxiety and thought for the welfare of his country, at his advanced age, called the forces to the brain, and the brilliant lamp of reason and life was extinguished ! He has en- tered on other scenes ! I have thus far confined my remarks to effects pro- duced upon the brain by the electro-nervous fluid and blood, which were called there by the various emotions, passions, and sensations of the mind. But that these forces should invade the territory of the brain, and 4 74 ELECTRICAL, i-SYCHOL^Gf. produce such results, depends, however, upon the ren- dition of the brain as to its comparative phyr.ica. strength with the other parts of the system. In this view of the subject, had the same misfortunes as to loss of property above stated been visited upon this S&me individual when his brain was firm, a different disease would have been the result. Suppose that his brain, as to its physical structure, had been strong and firm, but that his lungs had been weak. Now let the same misfortunes befall him. His mind again shrinks back on itself; the electro-nervous force, as before, starts for the brain, but is not allowed to enter this palace of the distressed monarch, and it stops at the lungs, the weakest and nearest post. The blood next follows on in pursuit of the servant, and takes up its abode with him. Inflammation sets in, and, if the trouble of the monarch continues, tubercles form, ulcer- ation takes place, and death ensues. It was consump- tion. But suppose thi. lungs had been strong, and that the stomach had been, by some trivial circumstance, ren- dered the weakest part. The electro-nervous fluid and blood would, in this case, have gone tlure, and taken possession of that post. Inflammation, canker, with morbid secretions would have ensued, and even ulcers might have beem formed. The digestive organs would have been weakenr 1, and dyspepsia, with all its horrof of horrors, would nave been tne result. If the bvei LECTUHE IV. 75 had been tie weakei spot, the same forces, under the 5am e mental impressions, would have congregated there, and produced the liver complaint. K the stomach and liver had both been strong, and the spine weak, it would have been a spinal complaint. If all these had been physically firm, and the kidneys weak, the same forces would have produced a disease of the kidneys. And if all in the regions of the brain and trunk had been firm, and a mere blow had been inflicted upon the hip, knee, or any part of the lower limbs, the electro-nerv- ous force and the attendant blood would have gone there, and produced the white swelling, or any other species of inflammation and distress. So we perceive- that the same cause, under mental impressions, may produce any of these diseases. As to the character of the disease, it merely takes its name from the organ or place in the body where it may locate itself. Hence diseases differ one from another only as the various dis- eased organs, their mqtions, secretion^, and functiona may differ — or as the various located parts of the body invaded by disease may differ from each other. But the producing c a use of all these diseases is one and the same. It is the electro-nervous fluid of the body. Having said all that I at present deem necessary in relation to the disturbing of the nervous force by men- tal impressions, I will now turn your attention U the disturbing of the nervous force ay physical itf PRES8I0NS 76 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY, As the mind in distress — in secret melancholy and grief — has disturbed the nervous force, which has en- gendered disease by calling the blood and other fluids of the body to its presence, and thus sent millions to their graves— as it has produced all the diseases we have mentioned and even hundreds more — so the same diseases and hundreds more are also produced by the nervous force when it is disturbed by physical impres sions from external nature. I am well aware that mental and physical impres- sions may be termed causes of disease ; but it will be remembered, that medical men contend that there are remote and proximate causes of disease. I am on the latter, and contend that there are not thousands of proximate causes, but only one grand proximate cause of disease, and this is the disturbing of the nervous fluid, or throwing the electricity of the system out of balance ; and that diseases begin in the electric force of the nerves, and not in the blood. They begin in the invisible and finest substance of the body, and end in the gross. Hence the same cause that produces monomania, produces entire derangement, fits, head- ache, and even the common excitement of the brain in a public speaker. The same cause produces consump- tion, dyspepsia, liver complaint, spinal affections, pleu- risy, cholera, dysentery, inflammations, fevers, etc, Tliis subtile, disease-causing principle, is the elec- rac-NERVcus FLUir Whon equalized throughout th« LECTURE IV. 77 system, it i3 the cause of health, for it controls th« blood and other fluids, and when thrown out of balance, it is the cause of disease. Hence the minister of health and sickness — of life and death — is within us, and is oi.e and the same principle. As electricity is the effi- cient cause of all convulsions, calms, and storms in na- ture, and of all the pleasing or awful phenomena that transpire in earth, air, or ocean, or in the vegetable or mineral kingdom, so, as man is but an epitome of the universe, it is electricity in the form of nervous fluid that produces all the convulsions, calms, and storms in his own system. We have seen the various secret stirrings of electri- city in the human nerves under mental impressions, in producing insanity, fits, consumptions, etc. We wit ness the same mournful results when that subtile power is moved by physical impressions. A wet foot, for instance, may throw the electro-nervous fluid out of balance, and this subtile force may suddenly check the lacteal or other secretions, and also produce insanity, or fits, or by locating itself upon the lungs, it may pro- duce consumption. The fact is, that the electro-nerv- ous fluid, when disturbed at the extremities, or on the surface of the body, always retires inward, and locates itself upon the weakest organ, or upon some weak por- tion of the vitals — the blood follows, and disease is the result. As I have fully explained this when noticing mental impressions, so there is no occasion of my par 78 ELECTRICAL PSTi ^HOLOG f. ticularizing. I will merely say, that a sudden exposure to a damp air, sitting upon a cold rock, lying upon the ground and suddenly falling asleep, or sitting with the back to a current of air while in a perspiration — all, or any of these, may at times disturb the electro-nervous force, and arouse this disease-causing power from its slumberings. This may throw the blood out of balance, ind by locating themselves upon the weakest organ or weakest part of the system, engender disease. Or the nervous force may be disturbed by eating or drinking too much or too little of wholesome substances, or by eating and drinking umvholesome or poisonous sub- stances, and all these correspondent diseases produced. It is now clearly seen how mental and physical im- pressions disturb the electricity of the system, which locates itself upon the weakest organ, calls the lood to its aid, and brings disease, pain, and death. So we perceive, that the same nervous fluid which, when equalized, produces health, is, when thrown out of bal- ance, the cause of disease. The whole electricity of the nerves is, of course, one hundred per cent. Fifty per cent, is under the voluntary control of the mind, and belongs to the voluntary nerves, and the other fifty per cent, is under the control of the involuntary powers of the mind, and belongs to the involuntary nerves. Now if the whole fifty per cent, of either of these forces, which when equalized is health, should be sud- denly collected up)n any one organ, it would be the LECTURE IV. 79 destruction of that organ. If the mind, on hearing bad news, or by some sudden distress, should call the whole fifty per cent, of electricity under its control to fche brain, apoplexy and death must ensue. This would *^e done by a mental impression on the voluntary nerv- ous force, causing the mind to shrink back on itself and become passive. But the same melancholy result could be produced by eating, drinking, or some other physical impression on the involuntary force over which the mind has no such control. Hence it will be understood, that all diseases, originating under mental impressions, are produced by the fifty per cent, of voluntary nerv- ous force. But those diseases, originating under physi- cal impressions, are produced by the fifty per cent, of involuntary nervous force, and over which the mind has no controL If either of these electro-nervous forces, to a certain amount, should be called to a muscle, it would be pain. If called to a still greater extent, it would be inflam- mation ; and if the whole fifty per cent, were called there, it would be mortification, and the ultimate and absolute destruction of the muscle. The same result would follow in case either of these forces were called to any organ in the system. It would be the destruc- tion of that organ. There are three kinds of pain : First, a pain pro- duced by negative electricity, which attracts the blood fco the spot, an \ is ever attended with inflammation 80 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. Second, a pain produced by positive electricity, which repels the blood, and, though equally severe, is nevei attended with inflammation. Third, a pain produced by the confused mixture of the two forces, and consists in a burning, itching, or prickly sensation, and is often very distressing. I have now given you a few hints on the philosophy of disease, which are of course novel to you all ; but they are, nevertheless, as interesting and important to the welfare of our race, as they are novel and strange. Medical men have ever noticed the great effect that the mind has upon the body, both as it regards a disastrous . or salutary result. Hence they keep up the brightest hopes of their patients as to recovery, and carefully guard every one against uttering to them a word of dis- couragement. These effects they have seen, but not understanding the connecting link between mind and matter, the true philosophy of disease has been by them entirely overlooked, and in relation to this science they may after all cry " humbug." But this will avail them nothing, for truth, after all, will stand unshaken, and be appreciated by after generations, when opposition shall have been interred, with no hope of its resurrec- tion. In view of our subject, so far as it regards men- tal impressions, we see the supreme importance of maintaining a reconciled state of mind. Equanimity of mind is the parent of health, peace, and happiness and the noblest test of the true Christian* When w« LECTURE IV. 81 boo thousands always restless, complaining of cold and heat, and wet and dry — complaining of their own con- dition, and finding fault with others, and dissatisfied with the events of Providence — we need not marvel that so many complain of indisposition and disease* This state of mind nroduces them. So beware. Kt ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. LECTURE V. Ladies ani G^tlemen: When we reflect how extensive a field the philoso* phy of disease naturally occupies, and how vast & range we must take in order to inspect minutely its several parts, it will then be seen that my remarks, m my last Lecture, have been brief in comparison with the vastness of the subject, I flatter myself, however, that my views are understood^ and that the importance of the doctrine of mental and physical impressions., in relation to disease, is clearly seen, and fully appre- ciated by you all, I believe it to be founded in im- mutable truth, and that it will survive the crush of empires and the revolution of ages. Having brought forward the philosophy of dis- ease in my last Lecture, I now turn to the ration- ale of its cure in this. In discussing the doctrine of mental impressions, I have clearly and irresistibly proved that the mind by shrinking back on itself in fear, melancholy, and grief, in the day of adversity, misfortune, and distress, can disturb the electro-nervous fluid, and allow it to con- LECTURE V. 83 centrate itself upon any organ of the body and engen- der disease. If, then, the mind can disturb the equili- brium of the nervo-eleefcric force and call it to some organ so as to produce disease, then the mind can also lisperse it, equalize the circulation, and restore health. This it can do by a mental impression, admitting the mpression to be sufficiently great. For example : A aan in possession of five thousand dollars is riding homeward on horseback in the evening. He is within a mile of his house. He is weary and his head aches so severely thai he is obliged to walk his horse. He ls so indisposed and faint that he can but just keep hia saddle. From a lonely dismal spot at the road side, a robber springs and seizes his horse's bridle — pre- sents a pistol, and exclaims, " Your money, or your life !" The rider, with a loaded whip, and at the im- pulse of the moment, suddenly strikes the robber's jtrm. This causes the pistol to discharge, and adds to the confusion of the moment. The rider, scarcely knowing what he is about, puts spurs to his horse. He darts off at the top of his speed. Before he is aware, he is at his own door. He dismounts and finds himself safe. The vital force is driven to the extrem- ities, and his hands and feet are warm. Where is his headache now ? It is gone. The supreme impression of his mind drove the electro-nervous fluid from his brain — the blood followed it — a reaction took place, wad he was well. Is there any thing strange in this * 84 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. No. Then there is nothing strange in this science for it is the curing of diseases by the doctrine of im- pressions. I desire it to be distinctly understood how this power operates. Remember mind touches the electro-nervous fluid, moves it — and this fluid moves the blood. Elec- trical Psychology is the doctrine of impressions, and the same disease that mind, or even physical impres- sions can cause, the mind can remove, if the patient be in the psychological state. Because mental impres- sions to any extent we please can be produced upon him. It is therefore immaterial from what source a disease may arise, or what kind of a disease it may be, the mind can, by its impressions, cause the nervous fluid to cure it, or at least to produce upon it a salu- tary influence. If exposure to heat or cold, dampness or dryness, or to any of the changing elements, should call the nervous fluid to the lungs, and disturb the cir- culation of the blood, so as to produce inflammation, the mind could disperse and equalize it, and thus effect a cure as readily as though this inflammation of the lungs had been brought on by melancholy and grief, or by any other mental distress. Or if these exposures had caused any other disease or pain in the system, the mind could have had the same power to remc ve it, as though it had been causes by mental distress. Or if -by eating, drinking, or by sedentary habits, dyspep- sia had been produced, the mind could have had th« LECTVRE f. 86 «ama power to produce a salutary result, or even to cure it as though it had been caused by mental dis- tress. I do not mean that a cure cap be effected by the electro-nervous force, through mental impressions, if there be any organic destruction of the parts dis- eased. The consumption, for instance, could not be cured if the lungs were ulcerated ; sight could not be restored if the optic nerve were destroyed ; nor could deafness be removed if the auditory nerve were de- stroyed. In these cases, even, medical remedies, it must be granted, would be of no avail, because there is no foundation on which to build. In all I have said, or may say in regard to cures, I have reference only to curable cases. I mean, that the fifty per cent, of electro-nervous force, under the control of the mind, sould effect a cure where there is no organic destruc tion, and where there is, at the same time, a suffi ciency of vital force left to build upon, so as to be able to produce a sanative result. Nor do I mean to be understood that this science alone can at all times cure. It may require medicines to co-operate with it. As diseases are produced through mental and physical impressions, so through mental and physical impres- sions they must be cured. Medicine produces a physical impression on the sys- tem, but never heals a disease. If a disease were ever healed through medicines, it was lealed by the Bame sanative power as though it had been done by a 86 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. mental impression in accordance with the teachings of Electrical Psychology. This is evident ; because the sanative power is in the individual, and not in the medicine. Medicines and mental impressions only cali that sanative principle to the right spot in the system so as to enable it to do its work. The following ex- ample will explain my meaning on this particular point * You enter a garden and see a peach-tree with its fruit not fully grown, but so heavily laden, that one of its limbs is partially split from the trunk. The gar- dener is aware that if it be neglected till the fruit grows to maturity, the limb will be entirely parted from the tree and die. He carefully raises the limb till the split closes, and puts under it a prop to keep it to its place. He winds canvas around the wounded part, and over this he puts tar. Now there is cer- tainly no healing principle in the prop — there is none m the canvas — nor is there any in the tar. The prop merely sustains the weight of the limb, and keeps the split together ; the canvas is wound around it to pre- vent the tar from entering the split ; and the. tar was applied to protect the whole from the air, rains, and external elements ; while the tree is left to the inhe- rent operations of its own sanative principles. The sanative principle being in the tree 5 it must heal itself. So the healing principle is in man, as much so as it is in the tree. The healing principle in the tree is the LECTURE V. 87 invisible electro -vegetative fluid. This moves and equalizes the sap, and the sap affects the wood. It is the electricity of the tree that does the work ; and this electricity is under the control of its vegetable life. So the healing principle m man is the invisible electro- nervous fluid. This moves and equalizes the blood, and the blood affects the flesh. It is the electricity of the system, under the control of the mind. The position is incontrovertible, that the healing principle is in man. Admitting it to be electricity, or what I call the electro-nervous fluid of the system, it is then easily seen that there is no healing principle in medicine, and it is also understood what effect medicine must have upon the system in order to produce a salu- tary influence. It must equalize the electricity, as before remarked, and call it to the proper spot, so as to enable it to do its healing work. Hence, if the mind can so operate upon the fifty per cent, of the electro-nervous force under its control, as to equalize it, then it follows, as a matter of course, that the same healing result will be obtained as is effected by medi cine. In either case there is no difference in the heal- ing power. In both instances it is the same. The •only difference is, that in the one case the healing power was made to act by the mind, which produced its mental impression, and in the other case by the medicine, which produced its physical impression. It may now be asked, If medicine has no healing 88 ELECTRICAL FSYCHOLOGY. property in it, then how can an emetic remove impuri ties from the stomach by vomiting the patient ? [25 reply I would state, that it has never done so. In this I desire to be distinctly understood. I mean that an emetic is not the vomiting principle. The vomiting principle is in the man. It is the electricity of the system. The electro-nervous fluid of the brain is the vomiting principle. Let us understand the philosophy of this. Emetics, whether mineral or vegetable^ pos- sess those peculiar chemical properties that cause im- mense secretions. This effect is the whole secret of their power. An emetic, taken into the stomach, pro- duces secretions most freely from the glands of the stomach, from the mucous membrane of the lungs, from the glands of the trachae, and from the glands of the mouth and tongue. It robs them of their moisture which is continually accumulating upon the stomach. The parts being robbed of their moisture by this arti- ficial action, the electricity from the nerves follows it, because electricity has a strong affinity for moisture. When a sufficiency of the electric force is drawn from the brain, and the blood havi~g in the same ratio fol- lowed it, the countenance becomes pale — an expansion and collapse of the stomach takes place, and vomiting is the result. This is its philosophy. In proof of tha fact, electricity sannot be gathered in damp weather. The moisture, for which it has a strong affinity, feolds it. LECTURE T. 3t After all I have said of medicine and its operations, it may yet be supposed that it possesses some healing principle, and that the emetic does vomit the patient, Why then will it not vomit a dead man? The answer is, because the vital force is gone, and the emetic is powerless. But why will it not vomit the man when he is worn out with disease and near his end ? 1 answer, because the vital force in the man, on which vomiting depends, is wasted ; and as it does not exist in the medicine, so the emetic, in its chemical action having no material to work upon, or to call to its aid, is powerless. If this is not satisfactory to your minds in the settle- ment of the question whether the vomiting principle is in the medicine or in the patient, I will pursue the subject still farther. Suppose while eating strawber- ries and cream, you tell a sensitive lady that she has taken into the stomach a worm, or even a fly — she stops eating, and in a minute she vomits freely. How is this, when she has swallowed, in fact, neither worm nor fly 1 I answer, that the vomiting principle is in the brain. She believed that she had taken into the stomach what was stated ; she kept her attention steadily and most intently upon it — and the mind threw the electro-nervous force from the brain to the stomach, until there was a sufficient quantity to pro- duce an expansion and collapse of the stomach, ard cause romit:ng. Now the vomiting in this case and in the 90 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. case of the emetic was occasioned by one and the same thing, a ad that is the electro-nervous fluid. The only difference in the two cases is, that the emetic called it from the brain by a physical impression, and the mind forced it from the brain by a mental impresiion. If the vomiting principle is not in us, why then does it turn the stomach to see an animal eating any thing very filthy, like the dog returning to his vomit ? If this principle is not in us, how can it produce nausea ? How can the motion of a vessel, and sometimes even the motion of a carriage, produce vomiting, unless it exists in the nervous force of the brain ? Why will a tall, or blow upon the head, produce it. The same is true in relation to cathartics, which excite the secretions of the glands, but of other glands than those affected by an emetic. A cathartic excites the secretions of the mucous glands of the alimentary canal. This draws the electric action from the brain, but mostly from the nerves on the surface of the body there, and produces its results. I have been thus par- ticular upon the action and operation of emetics, as this one hint is sufficient to lead f.ny reflecting mind to a correct impression of the relation in which medicines stand to the human system. They are the mere props and supports of some weak part, to aid nature in re- storing herself to health and vigor. A cathartic, taken into the stomach of a very sensitive individual, wi?l produce the result of an ematic ; and an emetic, too LECTURE V. 91 lOfcg in effecting its end in the first stomach, will, after passing the duodenum, produce the result of a cathartic in the second stomach. I have now said all that is necessary in relation U the curing of diseases by the electro-nervous force, and have clearly shown how this force can be made to act by mind, or by medicine. I will now give advice in relation to avoiding disease and preserving health, which it wiirbe well for every one to observe who is desirous of securing this inestimable blessing. As life is dear to all, I shall be pardoned when I say that medical gentlemen are mad who administer medicine in silence to the patient without candidly informing him what the medicine is, and what effect or effects he in- tends it to produce. If the patient were thus instruct- ed by a physician in whom he had full confidence, then he would be in constant expectation of the anticipated effect ; and the mind, b} r its mental impressions, acting in concert with the physical impressions of the medi- cine, would produce a salutary and happy result. I grant that this information cannot be given to infants, nor to deranged persons ; but it should be done in all possible cases. In order to preserve health, the body should be kept clean, and the mind pure and calm. There are ex- tremes in every thing, and these should be carefully avoided. The body should be carefully washed all over, or bathed, except the head, in watei moderately b2 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. cool. No soap should be used in. either case, and tfi€ process should not occupy more than three or four minutes. It should be briskly rubbed with a coarse towel, and mostly downward, so as not to disturb the minute scales that cover the pores. In cold weather, colder water should be used than in moderate weather. Indeed, the water should be about the temperature of the elements. But in freezing weather the body should be merely immersed, and almost immediately extri- cated, and the washing process should not occupy more than a moment of time. In cold weather, twice per week is sufficient ; and in warm weather, every alter- nate day is abundant, in ordinary cases. Too frequent washings and bathings, and of too long continuance, to persons in ordinary health, is deleterious, as it destroys too much of the natural oil of the skin, which the Creator has supplied to give it a soft and silky texture. The system of hydropathy has great force, if rightly managed. In cases of heat, or inflammation, warm water should be applied, and the reaction would be coolness ; and in cases of cold feet, they should be washed on going to bed each night in cold water, till they remain continually warm. The coldest water will extract the frost from a frozen hand, whereas if it were immersed in the warmest water that could be borne, it would perhaps destroy it, so as to render even amputation necessary. But if the hand be burned or scalded, immersing it in the warmest water that can b* LECTURE V< 98 borne, or holding it to the fire, will produce a salutary result, even though die remedy be a harsh one. Ou this principle, you see the inconsistency of cold water applications, and even of ice to the head in brain fevers, or where there is a severe inflammation of the brain, occasioned by a fall, a blow, or any concussion. I now turn the attention of ladies and gentlemen to eating, drinking, and wearing apparel, and will en- deavor, in few words as possible, to show the bearing of these upon the human constitution. Our bodies are made up of the elements, and, as I have already observed, are an epitome of the universe. In order to insure perfect health, we should subsist en- tirely upon the provisions, whether vegetable or animal, that are produced in that part of the earth where we were born and reared, or in that part of the earth where we intend to spend our days. And, moreover, our wearing appai el should also be the product of the same Bection where we live. Cotton should never be worn where the snow covers the earth, or in that part of the earth's latitude where it cannot be raised. Hemp, flax, cotton, wool, and silk may be worn with perfect safety in those latitudes of the earth's surface where they can be cultivated. The Creator^ works are perfect. He has established complete harmony between the vegeta- bles, and the soil where they grow, and the climate that fostered their eyistence and warmed them into life. He, therefore, who eats the food belonging to his own 94 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY, latitude, who drinks the water that gushes from hi* awn springs, and wears the clothing produced in his own climate, establishes a perfect harmony and apti tude between his own body and the surrounding ele- ments. I mean that he does this in case he uses these blessings temperately, as not abusing them. The truth of this will appear perfectly clear, if we have a correct understanding of inuring ourselves to another climate, entirely different from the one to which we have been accustomed. I will therefore call your attention to the philosophy of becoming acci t - MATED. The mineral kingdom lays a foundation for the vege table, and the vegetable for the animal kingdom. It is therefore perfectly clear that no animals could have had an existence till there were vegetables, because an animal is but a vegetable of the second growth. Each latitude of the globe has vegetables peculiar to itself, and these make up all the varieties that exist on earth. But the same species of vegetables differ from each other in different latitudes, as far as the climates and elements or soils may differ from each other. An apple, pear, or peach, grown in forty degrees north latitude, differs considerably from the same fruit raise- 1 in thirty degrees north latitude. This is certain, be- cause it is the result of surrounding elements that gave it being. The same may be said of corn, wheat, and rye in different latitudes. And as animals are but LECTURE V* 9fi eegc tables of the second growth, hence the same ani- mals vary in accordance with their latitudes. The beef, mutton, and pork, raised in thirty and forty de- grees north latitude, are therefore unlike, each being idapted to its own climate and the vegetables that sus- tained them. I have already stated, that our bodies are made of the water, the vegetables, and animals upon which we subsist, and are adapted to the climate and surrounding elements where we w r ere born and reared. Our bodies are continually wasting away, and by food and drink are continually repaired. We lose the fleshy particles of our bodies about once a year, and the bones in about seven years. Hence in seven years we have possessed seven bodies oi flesh and blood, and one frame of bones. We have not now, in all probability, a particle of flesh and bones w T e had seven years ago. The water we have drank, and the flesh and vegetables we have eaten, having made up the component parts of our bodies, cause us to hanker and long for the same substances of which our bodies are composed. Like substance in us calls for like substance without, to supply the waste of the system. This is habitude. Now suppose we suddenly change our climate from forty to thirty degrees north latitude. The air, water s fruits, vegetables, and flesh all differ. The old parti- eles composing our bodies, and brought from forty de- grees north latitude, fly off as usual. This produce* 96 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. hunger and thirst, and we supply our wants by the waier and food of thirty degrees north latitude, and continue for weeks to do so. This creates a coi.flict between the old substances of our bodies and the new flesh and blood continually forming, throws the electro- nervous force out of balance, and engenders disease. If we live and struggle on, for about seven years, we become acclimated, because our old flesh and bones, formed by the substances of one latitude, have disap- peared, and our entire systems are made up of the substances of another latitude. Hence we see the danger of changing our positions on the globe to any great extent, which may, however, in some instances, prove beneficial to the constitution. Such is the phi- losophy of being acclimated. In view of what I have now brought forward, it will be clearly perceived, by ladies and gentlemen, that we should confine ourselves to the water, fruits, grains, and animal food, and even to the medicines produced in that climate where we live, and reject those of dis- tant latitudes and foreign climates. To drink tea and coffee, and eat oranges, lemons, citrons, pineapples, £nd the productions of all parts of the globe, is like changing, in some measure, our climate for another, oi for several others, and thus keeping up a continual conflict between the elementary particles that are con* stantly entering the composition of our bodies. There is an incessant war waged between the climate where LECTURE V. 97 we live, and the productions of another region, and those of our own. To all this, add the clc thing* of other distant climes to be worn by us, and who can marvel that almost every man, woman, and child is complaining of some indisposition, or else groaning under disease and pain ? Abandon luxuries of foreign growth ; avoid dissipation ; keep your bodies clean ; your minds calm and contented ; eat the productions of your own climate ; drink the clear crystal water of your own spring ; wear the flax, hemp, cotton, or wool that ia raised in your own latitude ; take all the rest of sleep that your nature and temperament require ; have your hours of study, labor, exercise, and serious contempla^ tion all regulated ; and be temperate in all things. Follow these directions, and no doctor will enter your house. If you must have tea, use sage, pennyroyal, and hemlock. These are wholesome, and habit will transform them into luxuries far transcending the nerve-destroying plant of China. It is impossible that the Creator could have erred in adapting all the fruits, grains, and other vegetable sub- stances to each latitude of the earth, so that man and other creatures can subsist there in health, peace, and happiness. And man no more requires the products of other climes to increase these blessings, than the animals around him, who find not only their food and drink, but even their medicines produced by the •oil on which they tread, without resorting to foreign 98 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. importations. At the novelty of these ideas you maj smile, but they are based upon immutable truth, anc established, constituted, and sustained by Him whc founded the pillars of strength and beauty that sup- port the fabric of nature, and must stand till the? •shall fell. LECTURE VI. 99 LECTURE VL LAiriES and Gentlemen : The nature and importance of Electrical Psych )lo« gy I have clearly and philosophically argued, in a free, unchained, and fearless expression of my thoughts. For this, even if I have erred, I am entitled to your approbation, rather than your condemnation. For srtiat is man, when he makes himself a cowering, cringing slave to the opinions of others, and tamely bows to win the momentary smiles of popular applause from the passing crowd ? What I have said in relation to this science, has been the sincere breathings of my own convictions. I have, therefore, reasoned fearless of consequences ; and if I have in so doing met your approbation, I rejoice at it ; if * I have met your disap- probation, I regret it — yet you will pardon me when I say that I sannot alter my course and accommodate myself to the opinions of others, however elevated may be their stations. Fully sensible of the duty I owe to my fellow-men, and to the Supreme Ruler of the uni- verse, and when I discharge this to the best of my ability, I littlo care what men may think or even say of me* 100 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. If, however, what I have argued of the human systuiu — the electro-nervous force — the connecting lint be- tween mind and matter — the circulation of the blood — the philosophy of disease — the rationale of its cure — the laws of health, and the philosophy of being accli- mated — if these excite your surprise, ladies and gen- tlemen may then prepare . themselves for still greater surprise in the arguments now to be offered on spirit, and the creation and government of the universe. Being myself perfectly unshackled and free, I shall exert myself in that freedom while pursuing this de- partment of my subject. In my introductory remarks in my third Lecture, I took a general survey of the powers and operations of electricity throughout the empire of nature. We sa\\ its secret workings, and its alternately sublime oi awful manifestations. But all these operations and convulsions, however magnificently grand, will appeal but as the drop of the bucket to the fountain, when compared with the Unseen Power that stirs the uni- verse. Electricity, so swift in its movement as to rival the lightning glance of thought, and so inconceivably awful in its rending force as to convulse the globe to its centre, is yet as nothing, and less than nothing, com- pared with that Eternal One who arms it with power — who gives it all its expansive force, and who makes it the messenger of his attributes to both nature and man,, With his finger he has wrtten the truth of this science LECTURE VI. 101 on ever) object throughout the realms of nature. It is written in the beams of the mid-day sun — in the descending rains and gentle dews. It is written in the flowery field and shady grove. It is written in stars on the scroll of night. It is written in lightning on the bosom of the dark cloud. It is written deep in sympathy on the soul, and controls the most powerful affections and stormy passions of the human heart. In this Lecture I will turn your attention to spirit, or mind — by which I mean one and the same thing — and will endeavor to prove the existence of an Infinite Spirit. Though the powers of mind and its complicated operations can be seen, felt, and in a good degree com- prehended, yet, after all, we know but little of mind as it regards its properties, or substance. Some suppose it to be absolutely and positively immaterial, because it is purely spirit. Others believe mind to be the re- sult of organism, and contend that it cannot exist with- out a brain, which is the grand organ that secretes thought, even as the liver secretes its bile, or the stom- ach its gastric juice ! The former of these supposi- tions is the one generally adopted by the Christian community who believe spirit to be an immateriality. The latter supposition is embraced by those Christiana who wholly rely upon the resurrection of the body for the future existence of the spirit. They are called Materialists, because they make out the spirit to be na 102 ELE3TR1 !AL PSYCHOLOGY, substance at all, but merely the result cf organized matter. Of this faith was the celebrated Dr. Priestly. This latter position is . also adopted by the Atheists, who contend that spirit cannot exist independent of an organized brain ; and as they reject the Christian hope of the resurrection, so they contend that mind is extin- guished in the night of the grave, and sleeps in non- entity, to wake no more. Hence the idea of a God, as an intelligent Spirit, they regard as a freak of fancy — a mere chimera of the human brain. Both of these positions as it regards spirit I reject, and will give my reasons for doing so. T reject the immateriality of the spirit, because that which is positively and absolutely immaterial cannot of course possess either length, breadth, thick- ness, nor occupy any space. Indeed, it cannot, in this case, possess any form ; and that which possesses no form, cannot, in the nature of things, occupy any space. And to talk of a thing having an existence, which, at the same time, has no form, nor occupies space, is the most consummate nonsense. Hence an immateriality is a nonentity — a blank nothing. On the other hand, if mind is merely the result of organism, and if it can- not exist independent of an organized brain, then who made the first brain 1 Did it not require an intelligent spirit to organize its several parts, and adapt the eye to light, the ear to sound, and make these organs the inlets of sensation t^ the inhabitant in that brain? LECTURE VI. 103 Surely the brain did not make itself, for this would only be saying, that the brain acted before it existed ! Having given my reasons for rejecting both these ideas of mind, I am now ready to introduce the ques- tion, What is mind ? I answer, it is a substance — an element — as really so as air or water, but differs mate- rially from all inert substances in being. I regard mind as living and embodied form- -as that incompre- hensible element whose nature it is to possess life and motion, as much so as it is the nature of other sub- stances to possess inertia. Hence, mind is, in these two respects — namely, life and motion — directly the >pposite of dead matter. In the first place I will start with the assertion that there must be in the universe an Infinite Mind. It is impossible, in the very nature and constitution of things, that an absolute perfection of substances can be philosophically maintained without this admission. For the truth of this position I rely upon motion. By motion, then, I am to prove the existence of an Eter- nal Mind. In the first place permit me to remark, that inher- ent motion is not an attribute common to all sub- stances in nature. This globe, as a body, is moved by the positive and negative forces of electrical action, And all the operations of nature in the earth and ele- ments are carried on by the same power. Whether it be crystalizations, or petrifactions, the growth of vege- 104 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. tation. or its decomposition — motions and changes in air and water — or the crumbling particles of the moun- tain rock — all the motions, visible and invisible, that transpire in the mineral and vegetable kingdoms, and in all their multifarious operations, are produced by electricity, which is the universal agent appointed to keep up the order and harmony of the universe. And yet it is certain that electricity does not possess in- herent motion as its attribute. Motion belongs to one substance only, and that is mind. There is certainly as much order in the universe as there is in the human body. Let us, then, look truth calmly in the face. Each organ of the body perform* but one function. The eye sees — the ear hears — the olfactories smell — the glands taste — the heart throbs to regulate the blood — the hands handle — the feet ' walk, and the liver secretes its bile. The eye never hears, and the ear never sees. So there is but one substance in nature whose attribute is inherent mo- tion, and that is mind. Not one single part of the human body possesses independent motion. Electri city is there also the grand agent to move the limbs and vitals, and the living mind is the only moving power. The point upon which 1 am now entering is one of rsost deep and thrilling interest. It is no less than to prove the existence of an Eternal Mind from motion md the absolute perfection of the chain of elementary LECTURE VI. 105 tubstances. But while accomplishing this, I must call to my aid the relative subtilties of different portions of matter with which we are surrounded. Let us, for a moment, turn our attention to a few of the most obvi- ous substances in nature, and then glance at her abso- lute perfection as a whole. Let us carefully notice the gradation these substances occupy toward each other in their relation to motion, and then the intrin- sic beauty of the subject will appear. I will begin at the heaviest matter that may first suggest itself to my mind, and leisurely pass on, rising higher and still higher, through its various grades, up to that which is more and more rarefied, subtile, and light, till we ar- rive at that which must necessarily possess inherent motion, and therefore living power. The heaviest of gross substances in existence is thti most difficult to move, and hence must be at the great* est possible distance from motion. Though there are several solid substances heavier than lead, yet I choose to begin at this, as the idea I wish to convey is all that 18 worthy of your consideration in the present argu- ment. Lead, then, on account of the density of its particles, is difficult to move. Were it the heaviest substance in nature, it would take its position farther distant from motion than any other substance. Rock being more easily moved than lead, takes its relative position nearer to motion. In like manner earth is more easily moved than rock. Water is more easily 6* 106 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. movid than jarth. Air is more easily moved thai water. The gaseous fluids are more easily moved thai) air, and electricity is more easily moved than the gase- ous fluids. It will now be perceived, by ladies and gentlemen, that as we mount the rounds of the ladder in the mag- nificent scale of material substances, there is a gradual approximation toward motion. Each substance as we rise, being more rarefied and light than the one below it, is of course nearer to motion than its grosser neigh- bor. And it will be perceived by every philosophic mind, that we cannot continually approximate motion without at last reaching motion, or that substance to which motion belongs. We have now mounted from lead up to electricity; and though as we rose we found each successive sub- stance more easily moved than the one below it, still we have not as yet found a single material that pos^ Besses inherent motion as its attribute. Lead, rock, earth, and water are moved by impulse. Air is moved by rarefication, and electricity is moved by the positive and negative forces. True we have mounted up, as be- fore remarked, to electricity, but even this cannot move, unless it is thrown out of balance in relation to quan- rity as to its posit ve and negative forces. In such oases it flies, equalizes itself, and again sinks to rest. I am fully sensible that electricity is a fluid most incon- ceivably subtile, rarefied, and fine. It is computed tc LECTURE VI. 107 tale foui million particles of our air to make a speck as large as the smallest visible grain of sand, and yet electricity is more than seven hundred thousand times finer than air ! It is almost unparticled matter, and is not only invisible, but, sc far as we can judge, it is im- ponderable. It cannot be seen — it cannot be weighed ! A thousand empty Leyden jars, capable of containing a gallon each, may be placed upon the nicest scale, and most accurately weighed. Then let these be filled with electricity, and, so far as human sagacity can deter- mine, they will weigh no more. Hence to our percep- tion, a thousand gallons weigh nothing. As electricity, in regard to motion, stands upon tho poise, being completely balanced by the positlye and negative forces, that equalize each other, so it h easily perceived, that if we mount one step higher, we must some to that substance whose nature it is to move, and the result of that motion is thought and power It is mind. Hence it will be distinctly perceived, m view of the argument now offered, that we cannot, as phi- losophers, stop short of motion in the highest and most sublime substance in being. This conclusion, as the result of the argument, is absolutely and positively irresistible., ami challenges refutation. When we mount up in our contemplations through the various grades of matter, and see it cortinually brightening as we progress onward in our delightful career of rapture, til] we arrive at that sublimated 108 ELECTRICAL PSYCK LOGY. substance which can neither be seen ncr weighed— which moves with a velocity of twelve million mile* per minute, and can travel around this globe in the eighth part of a second, we are struck with astonish- ment and awe ! But as this is not the last link in the immeasurable chain, we are forced to proceed onward till we arrive at the finest, most sublime, and brilliant substance in being — a substance that possesses the attributes of inherent or self-motion and living power, and from which all other motion and power throughout the immeasurable universe are derived. This is the Infinite Mind, and possesses embodied form. He is a living being. This Infinite Mind comes in contact with electricity, gives to it motion, arms it with power, and, through this mighty unseen agent, moves the uni- verse, and carries on all the multifarious operations of nature,*whether minute or grand. Hence there is not a motion that transpires amidst the immensity of his works, from rolling globes down to the falling leaf, but what originates in the Eternal Mind, and by Him is performed, through electricity sfs his agent. Mind is, therefore, the absolute perfection of all substances in being ; and as it possesses self-motion as its grand attribute, so it is, in this respect, exactly the reverse of all other substances, which are, of themselves, mo tionless. Mind, or spirit, is above all, and absolutelj disposes of an I controls all. Hence mind and its agent LECTURE VI. 109 electricity, are both imponderable— **re both invisible^ arid coeternal. As the Eternal One wraps clouds and darkness round about him, and holds back the face of his throne, eo many do not believe in his existence, because he is unseen, while all the visible objects of creation are to them so many realities. But the very position hera assumed is an erroneous one. The very reverse of this is true. What is seen is not the reality, but is only the manifestation of the unseen, which is the real ity. Let us carefully look at this point. There is an apple-tree ; it is plainly seen ; but is that tree the re- ality ? No ; but it is the result of an invisible cause, and that unseen cause is the reality. But what was it? I reply, that it was not even the seed, but the life of that seed was the realit} 7 ; and that unseen life por.. sessed the embodied form of that tree. All its shap^ and colors were there. By coming in contact with tb^ soil and moisture, in a proper temperature of climate, it was enabled to throw out its own invisible and living form. First, then, the life ; next the seed in which it dwells ; next the trunk of the tree appears. Then its limbs and branches — its buds, leaves, blossoms, and fruit again end in living beauty. It began in life, and in seed or life it ended. It performed an electric circle. The tree, then, is nothing more than a visible outshoot *— an ultimate of an invisible substance, which is the reality (10 ELECTRICAi PSYCHOLOGY. All the powers and operations of nature are lodged in the unseen and finest portions of matter — they pass on through every grade, and end in the gross and heav- iest parts. The unseen power that stirs the earth- quake and convulses the globe is the reality. It passes through every grade of matter, and ends in rend- ing the solid rocks and hurling cities in the vortex of ruin. The power that moves this globe in its orbit at the rate of sixty-eight thousand miles per hour, is an invisible agent, moved by omnipotent Power — for all operations and effects begin in the finest substance in being, w T hich is the unseen cause, and therefore the reality. Hence it is the same in nature as in the hu • man system, as I have already shown in my arguments on the philosophy of disease. The disease begins iu the finest substance of the body — in the electricity of the nerves — passes on to the blood and flesh, and ends in the bones. There is, indeed, but one common mode of operation in nature and in man. Ladies and Gentlemen — [ desire now to turn your attention to one important point in relation to mind, which has been entirely overlooked by philosophers. I mean its involuntary powers. To speak of the invol- untary powers of mind will certainly produce a singu- lar impression on your hearts ; and the strangeness of the ilea may, prrhaps, fill you with surprise. But strange as it may appear, it is nevertheless true that mind possesses tfie two grand attributes of volwitari LECTURE VI. Ill and ir voluntary power. These two constitute the mind as a living being of embodied form. If mind make use of electricity as its agent, then it must pos- sess the voluntary and involuntary powers to meet the positive and negative forces in electricity. If this be not so, then the Infinite Mind cannot be the Cre- ator and Governor of the universe ; because it is by his voluntary power that he creates a universe, but it is by his involuntary power that he sustains and gov- erns it. Each of these powers, from a philosophical ' necessity, and from the very nature of his being, per- form their own peculiar functions, and in perfect har- mony preside over their own respective departments. It is the peculiar province of the voluntary power of the Infinite Mind to plan, arrange, dispose, and create worlds and their inhabitants, and it is the peculiar province of his involuntary power to govern and con- trol these worlds and their inhabitants through the fixed laws of nature. Let us reason this point, and its consistency will appear. In the first place —if the voluntary power of the Cre- ator governed the universe, then no possible contingen- cies could happen — and nothing once commenced could ever perish prematurely. For instance : if God deter- mined to create a human pair, and by his voluntary power commenced the work, they could not perish when his work was but partially accomplished. They are destined to come to maturity, invested with the 112 iLECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. true lineaments of form — and destined ty gaze api>* each other as perfect specimens of living beauty. If not, then God in his voluntary and absolute determin- ations can be thwarted and disappointed. The first male and female, at least, of each species, were produced, and the whole living chain of animated existence was placed upon this globe by the voluntary powers of God, without any previous parents from whom they received their being. They were not born, but created, for there is philosophically and strictly a very wide difference between being created and born. The former we call miracle, the latter , an order of nature. To produce a human pair without a previous father and mother, is not in the order or power of na- ture, for she never changes her mode of operation in the production of her animated existences. The same is true in relation to the vegetable king* dom. The whole species of vegetable life was pro- duced by the voluntary powers of God. In the order of nature there never was an acorn but what grew on an oak ; and there never was an oak but what came from an acorn. Geology proves that there has been a period when there were no vegetables or animals on this globe. Which then was first — the acorn or the oak ? If you reply that the acorn was first, then there was an acorn that did not grow on an oak. If you say that the oak was first, then there was an oak that did uo* come from an acorn. Whence then is the starting LECTURE VI. 113 point of creation, if there is no God ? for nature cannot start herself, as this would only be saying that she acted before she existed. Whether the Creator, in the first place, produced by his voluntary powers the seeds or the plants, is of no consequence to my present purpose. It is enough to say, that they were brought into existence without any parent stock, and in per- forming this work there could be no uncertainty, nor could any thing perish prematurely, because it w T aa under the voluntary powers of the Infinite Mind. But after this globe was created, and the first link of every species of vegetable and animal life was moved into existence by the voluntary powers of the Creator, it then naturally and of philosophical necessity passed from the control of the voluntary powers to the control of the involuntary powers of the Infinite Mind, and by them to be governed through the established laws of nature. Here then casualties may naturally arise, but no where else under the government of the Supreme. This "view of mind removes the many difficulties and perplexities we encounter, when we contemplate the unchangeable character of the Creator in the govern- ment of the world. Millions of our race are continu- ally perishing by premature birth ! The eye was most skillfully organized and adapted to see light, but saw it noi. The ear was formed — all its vocal chambers were arranged, and the whole adapted to the reverber- ations of sound, but it never heard. It had hands. 114 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. but they never handled — feet, but they never walked—" lungs, but they never breathed — and a mouth, but it never spoke, nor tasted food. Again — how many millions of our race die under ten years of age ! And though they were constituted, and ripening for the enjoyment of the social and domestic affections, and the multiplication of their race, yet they were prematurely cut off, and left no progeny on earth. Now if these events are under the government of the voluntary powers of the Creator, would he not, I ask, be arrested in the execution of his voluntary will, and would not his designs fail of being accomplished 1 The conclusion is absolutely irresistible, for how T can we judge of designs only as we see the adaptation of means to ends 1 If an eye and ear are formed, and adapted to light and sound, does not this prove the will and design of God, that the one shall see, and the other shall hear 1 It does. If then the infant pre- maturely dies and never sees an object, nor hears a sound, are not those two organs formed in vain, and are not the design and will of the Creator both frus- trated ? If the girl that died at ten years of age, and never bore nor nursed children — if it is admitted that she did not answer the full measure and end of her ex- istence, in common with her sex, is not then the will of God rendered abortive, and do not his designs in this case fail? It must be so, if the government of JLECTURE VI* 115 the world is under the voluntary powers of the Infinite Mind. That this part of my subject may be understood, and its consistency clearly seen, I will endeavor to pre- sent it before you in a very plain and simple form, I will take for illustration the human mind in connection with this body. We have two distinct brains — the cerebrum, with its two hemispheres and six lobes, com- mencing at the frontal part of the skull, and occupying the greater portion of the cavity ; and the cerebellum.; which occupies the back portion of the skull. The spinal marrow, extending through the vertebrae to the bottom of the trunk, is but the continuation of these two brains. From the spinal marrow branch out, as I have before stated, thirty-two pairs of nerves, em- bracing both the nerves of motion and those, of sensa- tion. From these again branch out others, and in thousands of ramifications carry out the full power of both brains into every part of the system. The cerebrum is the great fountain of the voluntary nerves, through which the voluntary powers of the mind ever act. The cerebellum is the fountain of the involuntary nerves, through which the involuntary powers of the mind ever act. Though the voluntary and involuntary nerves from these two brains seem to blend in the spinal marrow, yet they preserve their distinct character, even to their final termination in the system, and execute the functions appertaining to 116 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. their own office in producing voluntary and mvoluntarj motion. Such is the residence of the living mind; which seems to hold its throne in the medulla ob- longata, at the fountain-head of the voluntary and in- voluntary nerves. From thence my mind, by its voli- tions, controls all the voluntary motions of my body, through the cerebrum. At will I move my hands in any possible direction I please to handle substances, and at will I move my feet to walk. But over the throbbings of my heart, the ultimate heaving of my lungs, the circulation of my blood, and the digestion of food by the stomach, I have no volun- tary control. Awake, asleep, at home, abroad, the heart continues its motions, and the functions of life are executed, whether I. will it or not. These then receive their motions from the involuntary powers of my mind, acting through the cerebellum. That these are all moved by mind is certain — because, take the mind or spirit from the body, and all motions, whether voluntary or involuntary, instantly cease. I will now make an application of this to the Infi- nite Mind, in creating and governing the universe. If, for instance, you make machinery of various kinds, these are your own creations, for they are made by the voluntary powers of your mind. If you cultivate the earth, and raise grain and the various vegetables, to sustain your existence, these again are your own creations, for they are produced by your voluntary LECTURE VI. 117 powers You prepare them, by various processes, fol your use —you cook and place them on the table. You eat them, and thus far they are under your voluntarj action. But the moment they are eaten, your crea- tions are finished, and the whole, naturally and of philosophical necessity, passes beyond your direct voli tion, and is subjected to the involuntary powers of your mind. These now take charge of this new crea- tion, and govern it in all its involuntary motions and revolutions, according to the fixed laws of the organ- ized system. In like manner the voluntary powers of Deity are unchangeably employed in planning, arranging, and creating new worlds, and systems of worlds, and peo- pling them with inhabitants. When the whole of any such system is finished, and all its laws established for the rolling of worlds, and for the operations of the mineral, vegetable, and animal kingdoms, the whole naturally passes, according to the principles of philo- sophical necessity, from the action and control of his voluntary, miraculous power, and submits itself to be governed through the fixed laws of the universe, by the involuntary powers of the same Infinite Mind. As the bare presence of the human mind in the brain causes the heart to throb and the functions of life to proceed, even when that mind is wrapped in sleep so profound, that not a thought is stirring in its voluntary department, so the bare presence and majesty of tht 118 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. Infinite Mind, even if he should not exercise a thought would cause all worlds to roll through immensity, and cause all the operations of nature in the mineral, vege- table, and animal kingdoms to proceed on in their ceaseless changes ; for these are under the control oi the involuntary powers ut of nothing. When all visible objects are removed from a room, we say there is nothing in ti- lt is empty. Yet we know that it is filled with air^ because we continue to breathe. But if the air, by a force-pump, were removed from an air-tight room, we might, with much more propriety, say there is nothing in it; yet electricity would be there. If solid sub- stances were therefore made out of air, in an empty room, we could say that they were made out of nothing, for the room, according to the usual mode of expression, had nothing in it. But admitting the air to have been extracted from the room, and nothing but electricity left, and if solid substances were produced from this ethereal and invisible fluid, we could with much more apparent consistency say, that they were made out of nothing. In this sense, I grant that all things were made out of nothing. Paul says—" The things that are seen were not made of things that do appear." Here he plainly states, that the substances seen were made of invisible substances, or such as did not ap- pear — for by things he only means substances. If, however, it be said, to create must mean to bring into existence something from nothing, I have only to gay, that this is not so ; for it says, " God created man out of the dust of the earth." Here he created him out of something — it was out of dust, and yet it was nreafciou. The Hebrew »vord rendered create, moie itiictly means to gather together by concretion, or w LECTURE VII. 123 form by consolidation — but never can it mean to bring something into existence from absolutely and positively ncthin 6 . I therefore contend that all things were made out of electricity, which is not only an invisible and imponderable substance, but is primeval and eter- nal matter. It contains the invisible and impondera- ble properties of all things in being. That this is electricity is certain, because there is no other sub- stance with which the Infinite Mind could have come in direct contact, so as to have produced by his creat- ing power the solid and visible substances that compose the globe. It is, as I have already proved, in my third f all wo^ds. The unchanging laws of the universe 6* 130 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. are Imt the unchanging thoughts of God. Ladies and gentleman, I desire you to bear in mind that it re- quires electricity, the very substance out of which the globe was made, to govern it by its positive and nega- tive forces under the energy of Infinite Power, As this subject is somewhat intricate, permit me tc be very explicit in making myself understood. When I say that it requires electricity to govern the globe, I mean as follows : Electricity, being the uncreated sub- stance, is the positive force, and the globe, being the created substance, is the negative force. In the next place it will be clearly perceived, that all the sub- stances existing in the globe as so many ultimates, exist in electricity as so many primates. For in- stance : If there is gold in the globe, then there is gold in electricity, out of which it was made. If there is phosphate of lime in the globe, out of which the shells of the ocean and bones are formed, then there is phos- phate of lime in electricity, out of which it was made. The gold in electricity is in a gaseous and invisible state, and is the positive force, and the gold in the globe is in a solid and visible state, and is the nega- tive force. As the positive and negative forces always come together, so the gold in electricity entirely con trols and mineralizes the gold in the globe, but lets its ninety-nine kindred elements alone. Each one keeps its own cord of communication from top to bottom— from primate to ultvm»+<> -from positive to negative. LECTURE VII. 131 The same is true, not only of the gold, and ot thf phosphate of lime, but also of the ninety-eight remain- ing elements. The whole one hundred elements in electricity, as the positive forces, are brought to act upon the one hundred corresponding elements of the globe, as the negative forces, and thus not only move it on its axis, and in its revolutions around the sun, but produce all the changes and operations in these elementary substances of which the globe is composed. These ideas of the creation and government of the world are in reality sublime. And when we reflect that the Infinite Mind comes in contact with electri- city, and, through that eternal, invisible agent, governs all worlds by his involuntary powers, sublimity rises into infinite magnificence, and overwhelms the sou! with awe ! The sun being pure electricity is, of course, a cold, invisible body. He is placed, as is supposed, in the centre of a retinue of worlds composing our planetary 83 r stem, and that to these worlds he gives light, heat, and vegetation. But to ray mind it is evident that there can be no light above our atmosphere which sur rounds the globe to the height of about fifty miles. As electricity travels from the sun to the globe in never- ceasing streams, so when it strikes the top of our at- mosphere it becomes faintly visible, and Lot before. This is proved by the morning and evening twilight, when the sun is so far below the eastern hills as to 132 ELECTRICAL . SYCKOLOGW. strike the very top of our atmosphere, apparent .y oa a level with our fields, and affords a feeble light on account of the thinness of our air at that height. But as it rises higher, its rays shoot deeper, and the an growing denser as they approach the earth where we stand, till they touch it, the friction on the particles of air is of course greater, and the light and heat are rendered more intense by this density of atmosphere, and by their final reflection and reaction from the globe. Hence could we rise to the top of our atmo- sphere, the sun would disappear, and we should there be shrouded in total darkness. Electricity is cold and invisible, and as it travels from the sun to the globe at the rate of twelve million miles per minute, so it sets the particles of the air on fire by the rapidity of its motion and friction. Such is the philosophy of the morning and evening twilight, which never has been, and cannot be explained on any other principle than the electrical invisibility of our sun, and the absence of all light above our atmosphere. And electricity, thrown from the sun to the globe, is the mode em- ployed by the Creator to bring it to its full growth and perfection, as a meet habitation for man. As electricity is, in its one hundred elements, con- tinually pouring from the sun upon the globe, why does it not continue to increase it in bulk 1 I reply that it does, and hence its entire creation, as to its size, vege- tables, and animals, is not yet perfected ? but will be in LECTURE VII. 133 future ages, Its distance from tl 3 sun, and its exact relation to jurrounding worlds, will then forbid its in* crease in bulk. The human body, when completely developed by food and drink, ceases its growth, even though the same sustenance, both in quality and quan- tity, is continued. This I will more fully explain, and hence the cause of the variation of the compass, which in philosophy yet remains inscrutable, will be made to appear. Comets are declared by Newton and others to be melted globes, and he computed the heat of one to be several thousand times hotter than that of red-hot iron, and that it would take a comet the size of this globe, fifty thousand years to cool to its centre. Comets move in very elliptical orbits, and are deemed, on this account, to be very eccentric bodies. The cause of this is, that while they are chained by the attractive and repulsive forces to keep a circle, yet as they are propelled in a straight line, sky-rocket-like, by their own internal gaseous flames that stream in their course, so their orbits are elliptical. As they cool, their own in 'ernal force is lessened, and their orbits become more circular, because there is less trespassing on the attractive and repulsive forces, which if left to their own operation, independent of foreign influences, would move all worlds in perfect circles. Immensity of space is not square, for then worlds would move in a square, bui; it is round, if I may be indulged in the expression in regard to thai 184 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. boundless field, " whose centre is everywhere, and its circumference nowhere. 5; Electricity, uninfluenced always moves in circles. The globe yet moves in an elliptical orbit, because its bowels are melted lava, and perhaps not more than one hundred miles in depth of its crust are as yet cool- ed. And the two hundred volcanoes now in existence, are so many spiracles to the subterranean furnace, and continually throw off the gaseous substances generated in its bosom, and cause it to transgress in some meas- ure the attractive and repulsive forces that move it. As it cools, it continually approximates, in its orbit, nearer to a circle. This will cause the variation of the sompass to continue, till its own internal forces cease to affect its motion, and allow the law of attraction and repulsion to move it in a perfect circle around the sun. And when it shall perform an exact circle in its annual revolution, it will be perfectly finished as to its size, and yet the quantity of electricity thrown upon it from the sun, will be tho same as it now is, and ever has been. But this redundancy will be thrown off at its north and south poles, and in such increased quantities as to warm and enlighten those extremities of the globe, and bring them into the fruitfulness and bloom of the garden of Eden. Then the variation of the compass will cease, inasmuch as the cause will be removed that produces it. The cause of its variation is the elliptical Drbit in whHi cur globe mcves, and its continual ancj LECTURE VII. 135 nnceasing approach to a circle. And when that circle shall be obtained, the globe will be finished, and the rariation of the compass will disappear. The globe is yet in its infancy — yes, in the embryo of its being — and it will require many thousand years to finish it. And this must be done, because under the voluntary powers of the Creator, nothing can per- ish prematurely. Many species of vegetables and ani- mals now in existence, will become extinct, and disap- pear from the page of the naturalist, and others of a more improved and superior character will be awakened into being. They will be perfectly adapted to the fu- ture and ultimate perfection that this globe, under the energies of the Infinite Mind, is destined to attain. Its creation will then be perfected. The soil upon which we now stand, will then be some deep stratum in its crust, containing our present vegetables and animals in a state of petrifaction. These will be pronounced, by coming generations, the strange nondescript remains of past centuries, and afford to the future geologist and naturalist abundant materials for their loftiest spec- ulations. This subject, in connection with the bound- lessness of the universe, and the successive creation of worlds, I should like to pursue to a greater extent, but lest I weary your patience, I now turn your attention to the creation of the vegetable and animal species. As globes were successively produced, so vegetables and animals were no** created at once, but successivelj 130 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. through a long series of intervening ages. Does not the Creator act through the established laws of gene« ration in producing the human species'? He doea* While I freely admit that God originally produced man by what we call miracle , yet by miracle I only mean, that the first human beings were produced with- out any parent stock from whom they received their existence through ordinary generation, as we witness in the present day. And they were evidently pro- duced full-grown, otherwise they could not have sus- tained their existence by procuring their own food, because the infant is helpless. But the miracle by which existence was thus conferred was not contrary to the laws of nature, but was effected by the volun- tary powers of Deity exerted through the laws of nature. It w T as thus he established both the vegetable and animal kingdoms, not simultaneously, but success- ively and progressively through various ages, from tho lowest vegetable life up to man, who is the glory of this lower world. While I contend that the Creator produced the whole vegetable and animal creation at first, without any parent stock or the ordinary mode of generation, yet I would not be understood to say that there were no germs of life existing as a primordial cause adequate to the effect produced. But while I contend that there were, for instance, no acorns, nor other seeds in being, yet it is evident that the germ necessary to produce aa LECTURE VI . 187 acorn or an oak aternally existed in God, Hence the spirit of all life, whether vegetable or animal, even from the hignest reasoning powers, through every link of the animal chain down to the lowest creature, and through every link of the vegetable chain, eternally I existed in God, and is absolutely immortal. The #hole of this immense variety combined in Deity con- stitutes the fullness and perfection of the Eternal Mind. Hence the lowest animal or vegetable life is but a part of the lowest life in God's spirit, which is the correspondent germ from whence it emanated. And the matter that forms the visible substance of all animal and vegetable bodies eternally existed in electricity, which is the original, invisible, and im- mortal condition of inert matter, and constitutes the body of God. Hence God and electricity are both immortal and eternal. From electricity, which is the invisible bod}^ of God, have emanated all the visibb substances that constitute globes, and from the full- ness of his spirit have emanated all life, form, and motion. And as all organism exists in spirit, so. each animal mA vegetable have developed a physical body corresponding in form to the germ of life they received from the inexhaustible fountain tf the Infinite Mind. If God does not create througr the laws of nature, bu* by miracle, in the arbitrary sense it is generally under- stood by Christians, he would in this case have finished thr globe before he produced the vegetable and animaJ 138 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. kingdoms, and then moved them both into existence at the same time. But hi can not, from the very nature of his perfections, suspend the production of life while forming a globe of dead matter, because he pours forth simultaneously and unchangeably all his perfections which are transmitted through correspondent laws for the production of life, so far as a globe may be finish- ed. And as this globe was progressively forming through successive ages, and one elementary depart- ment finished before another, so the successive creation of plants and animals, as geology proves, is easily and rationally accounted for. God could not create a fish until there was water adapted to its existence. And the moment the water was perfected, it stood in a philosophical aptitude to the marine laws of the universe, and through these emanated from the Creator that portion only of his spirit which stood in aptitude to the aqueous depart ment, and this spirit became the living germ or life of that fish, and produced its body through the positive and negative forces of electric action. Hence the body of this fish was but the developed and visible shape of its mind. But as the water was progressively created, i»nd for many ages covered the earth before dry land appeared, therefore, while in its turbid and unfinished state, many of the inferior species, from the lowest life up to shell-fish, and from thence up through every grade, existed before the most highly organized and LECTURE VII. 139 perfect fish was created. And each of these giades, in like manner, through the laws of nature received their life from the infinite fountain of spirit, which be- came the germ of their being. The various shapes of their organic structures were but visible manifestations of the various shapes of their minds, and the most perfectly organized fish in the ocean involves in his body the organism of all below him, and his intelligence is equal in amount to the intelligence in all. It is evident that vegetables, in some form, must have preceded animals, for an animal is but a vegeta- ble of the second growth. May there not be a marine vegetation of as great variety and abundance in the caverned vales of the ocean as there is on earth ? Of this, however, we are certain, that terrestrial plants and trees could not have been created till the dry land appeared, because the Deity does not create by any arbitrary mode of procedure, but through the immuta- ble laws of nature. As soon as the dry land stood in a philosophical aptitude to the laws of the universe, and as the Spirit of the Creator gives out, like the sun, its unchangeable and never-ceasing emanations, so it communicated a portion of itself as the germinating principle of life, and vegetation appeared, commencing at the humblest and most imperfect formation of plants, and rising higher and still higher in the beauty of or- ganic perfection, till the noblest fruit-trees and most powerful sons of the forest stood erect, and the finest 140 ELECTRICAL 1SYCHOLOGY. ^rsranued olants and mcst beautiful flowers gibced creation, and robea trie new born eartn in smiles. As each of these vegetable tribes rose in succession one above another with increasing splendor, so each superior tribe involved in its own perfection the per- fection and organism of all below it. For instance, the first species of plants on the yet marshy earth was ordinary ; the second, more perfect, retained its own, and involved all contained in the first ; the third, still advancing, retained its own perfection, and involved all contained in the one below it ; the fourth makes its appearance one grade higher, and involves all the or- ganic perfections of the three below it. And should we be able, in this vast range, to find the thousandth different species, that thousandth one would retain its own, and involve all the complicated beauties of or- ganic structure and life contained in the 999 below it .. because, as the form of the earth, in its progressive creation, became more and more perfect and dense, each rising vegetable species, standing in a full and exact aptitude to all the laws of nature then in action, so far as the globe was finished, would avail itself of all the life from the Creator which thus far acted through, and filled these laws. ♦ It was the same, as we have already noticed, with all animal life in the ocean. Each higher involved is itself the perfections of all below it It was the lame with all animated beings in earth and air. Tha LECTURE *VJI. Ill amphibious animal is, of course, the connecting link between the aqueous and terrestrial race. From tlu humblest land animal up to man, the same grand la^ obtains. Each higher involves in its constitution the perfections of all below it, even up to man. When the earth was finished, man was produced. And all the laws of nature in relation to this globe being in action, so in man's organism was involved the organ- ism of the whole animal and vegetable creation, and in his spirit was involved the spirit of all life and intelli- gence in universal nature below him. And, standing in a complete relationship to the finished globe and all its perfect laws, he, of course, drank in a portion of all the perfections contained in the Infinite Spirit, and hence he was strictly in the image of God. Man is, therefore, in every sense, a perfect and grand epitome of the universe As he is in the image of his God, he stands at the fountain-head of creation, and drinks in all the powers of universal nature, and is sustained by being fed with a due portion of both spiritual and physical sustenance. His mind is fed and developed with impressions as his body is with food. God is a spirit, and in his spirit are involved all life, all form, and the germinating principle of all ani- mal and vegetable spirit. And in his body, which is electricity, are involved the invisible and ethereal sub- Btances of all inert matter, out of which all globes and the bodies of all creatures were produced. In God is s 142 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY, therefore, involved the invisible and primal essence of all matter and spirit existing in all globes and theil inhabitants. But, after all, what is spirit] It is that sub- stance which possesses self-motion, intelligence, sen- sation, and power. Spirit is a union of two grand forces. . The first is voluntary ; the second is involun- tary. The first is the grand magazine in which are stored up all the voluntary powers of Infinite Intelli- gence. All the schemes, plans, and arrangements that appertain to all worlds and their countless inhabitants are there. The second contains all the involuntary powers of the Infinite Mind by which all worlds and their inhabitants, after having been created, are con- trolled through the fixed laws of nature. The first plans, arranges, and creates through the laws of its own omniscient being, which become the laws of the universe ; and the second controls, moveSj and gov- erns all worlds and their inhabitants through the fixed laws of nature. The first is the positive force ; the second is the negative force* The first is male ; the second is female. Hence of the male and female we may say, that the one begins in the voluntary , and the other in the involuntary power of the Infinite Spirit They both run through every department of the uni verse, and thread universal nature. There are likewise two electricities, called the post* tive and negative. The positive is mafe, the negative LECTURE VII. 143 is female. The male electricity belongs to the heav ens ; the female electricity belongs to the earth. The male and female also extend through every possible link of the immense vegetable chain, as well as through every link of the animal chain, and retain their sepa rate existence and equal powers in the positive am] negative electricities, which are the primeval, eternal 5 and invisible efficients of all visible matter. Nature, as a w T hole, is one entire and absolute per- fection, and stands in this beautiful relationship to the Creator, from whom she emanated. All the objects of creation, upon which we gaze with so much admira- tion — all the diversified glories of the landscape — the mineral, vegetable, and animal kingdoms, taken in one grand whole — are an exact and visible impression of the eternal perfections of his own character and in- visible being, even as the stamp impresses the wax and leaves its perfect image. Nature is the visible daguerreotype shadow of his own invisible being. She is the offspring of God. The poet breathes out, " Man, bear my brow aloft f view every grace In God's great offspring, beauteous Nature's face," Creation is therefore no arbitrary act in God, but, like the ever-streaming rays of light from the sun, it is the natural result, the visible emanation and outshoot of his own invisible existence, and was progressively cre- ated through the laws of the universe, and as soon as that part of the globe in which life was to be produced J14 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. stood in a finished relationship to those laws. Henc« the laws of nature are but the result of the unchanging thoughts of God. One part of the globe was finished before another, and the creation of life, both vegetable ~nd animal, was in like manner progressive, from the lowest grade and most imperfect organism, step by step, up to man, who is the perfection of all, and is in the image of God. In this view of our subject it will be perceived that spirit is a substance eternal in its nature, and not the result of an organized brain, and that man has not re- ceived his existence by climbing gradually from the lowest link of the vegetable or animal chain up to his •present perfection and grandeur. He was never in his creation a vegetable, or even a lower animal ; was never a mushroom or a plant, a tadpole or a horse, as sonie writers contend. His existence was never ingermed and involved in any one or all of the six grand links of the living chain below him, w T hich naturalists divide into the vegetable, the pisces, the saurian, the aves, the mar- supial, and mammalia kingdoms, making man the seventh link. Throwing aside the useless technicalities of foreign language, these seven links of the living chain embraced in the seven grand kingdoms of nature can be expressed in plain English. Their rising order is as follows* First — The vegetable kingdom. Second — The fish kingdom. Third — The reptile kingdom, em- bracing lizards, turtles, crocodiles, etc. Fourth — The LECTURE VI* 145 gird kingdom. Fifth — The pouch kingdom, embrac- ing all who protect their young by carrying them ic pouches. Sixth — The breast kingdom, or these that suckle their young ; and Seventh — Man. It will also be perceived, in view of my position, that gross, inert matter cannot be transmuted into mind-^ cannot possibly secrete mind — nor can it, in any sense whatever, become spirit through any refining process, as is contended for by some. In this case it must have preceded God, and hence on this principle God is not eternal. In the face of this theory, there must have been a period when there was nothing but inert matter in being, and if all motion originates in mind, how then was dead matter set in motion so as to produce spirit or mind through a successive series of elementary trans mutations? The same is in like manner equally true of each and every link of the animal chain below man. The monkey was r.e Tr e~ a bird nor a fish, and the horse war *™°r a snake nor an oyster. The horse-kind, for instance, however much they may have been improved by amalga- mation, have ever retained their circle, and have never broken from their link in the chain, and emerged into any other link above them. The same remarks are equally applicable to the vegetable chain. The rose-bush can never become an oak, nor the oak a peach-tree. The family involved in each link, however much they may be improved by amalgamation or culture, can nevoi 7 1±6 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY* break neir circle, nor emerge into another link above them. The individual life of every link of the whole animal and vegetable chain is an emanation from the Infinite Mind, and each acting through its correspondent law, and through that elementary department of the globe to which this law is unerringly adapted, has man- ifested its own invisible form in the visible body it pro- duced. What the life of the seed is to the production and shape of the plant, the mind of each creature is to the production and shape of its body. Hence the brain does not produce mind, as the atheist contends, but mind was the original germ that produced and developed the brain. All vegetable life, as well as animal, is therefore a species of mind. They are both emanations from the Creator, are both immortal, and will retain their separate existence and identity without end. Substances, in their infinite variety, pay a visit to time, assume visible forms, so as to manifest their in- trinsic beauties for a moment to the eye of the beholder ; and then step back into eternity, and reassume their native invisibility in their own immortality. As man is now constituted, were there but one object presented for his contemplation, the mind would soon become wearied and disgusted with sameness. But the infinite variety and beauty of the animal and vegetable creation here presented by the Deity, open to the mind sources of inexpressible and never-ceasing delight. It seems iriational, therefore, to conclude that the whole chain LECTURE VII. 147 af being, whksh is perfect on earth, will be struck out of existence (except man, who is the highest link), and leave a cheerless blank in the realms of glory. For one, I expect to meet the whole animated chain, and to witness immortal groves, unwithering plants, and never- fading flowers in that world where deaih, and pain, ftod change shall be no more. 148 ELECT KICAL PSYCHOLOGY. LECTURE VDi Lai: ies and Gentlemen : The query may perhaps now arise in your minds. What bearing has the subject of the creation of tin* globe, and the original materials out of which it wa*i made, advanced in the last Lecture, upon the scienc* of Electrical Psychology ? The answer to this query will be fully made to appear in the arguments I have t< oflFer on the present occasion. I have already stated ii my third Lecture, that man is an epitome of the uni- verse, and that the chemical properties of all the vari- ous substances in existence are congregated in him, and form and constitute the very elements of his being. 1 have stated, that in the composition of this body are involved all the mineral and vegetable substances of this globe, even from the grossest and heaviest mattei up to the most rarefied and light. And lastly ', to finish this masterpiece of creation, I stated that fhe brain was invested with a living spirit, that, like an enthroned deity, presides over, and governs, through electricity as its agent, all the voluntary motions of this little, or- ganized, corporeal universe ; while its living presence* LECTURE VIII. 14« and involuntary seu moving powers, cause all the invol- untary functions of life to proceed in their destined course. Hence human beings, and all animated exist ences, are subject to the same common electrical law that pervades the universe, and moves all worlds undei the superintendence of the involuntary powers of the Infinite Spirit. That all substances are incorporated in the body of man is irresistibly true, otherwise he could not inure himself to all, even to the most deadly poisons, and ren- der them, in a good degree, harmless in his system He may so accustom himself to the use of tobacco, rum, or even opium, that he can take into the stomach a quantity sufficient to produce the death of several individuals, while he himself will experience from it but a slight effect. He may even commence the use of arsenic in small quantities, gradually increasing the dose, till he gets incorporated into his system a suffi- cient quantity to kill, for instance, five men. As in this case it forms a part of his body, so it causes a longing for it in proportion to the quantity in the sys- tem. Should he now take a portion sufficient to kill five men, it would only produce a balance of power with that already in his system. It would meet the demand. This is habitude. But should he take one portion more, sufficient to kill any other man, he would die. Now it would be impossible for a man to inure Uimself to any such substances., unless there were some 150 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. small particle in the composition of his body on which to build. Hence it is philosophically true, that man is an epitome of the universe, and that all the elements, in exact proportions, are most skillfully combined in bis system, by the hand of the Creator ; and these pro- portions should never be disturbed and thrown out of balance by dissipation. Having these facts distinctly before us, I would now state, that if there are one hundred elements in the globe which was made out of the same number in elec- tricity, then there are one hundred in the composition of man's body, for he is but an epitome of the universe. As his body was created out of the dust of the earth, and is but a vegetable of the second growth, so it is the same as though it had been originally made out of elec- tricity. And as the globe, after its creation, required electricity, the original substance from whence, under Deity, it sprung, to move, control, and govern it, so, after man was organized, and his brain invested with a living spirit, it required electricity, the primeval sub- stance out of which he was made, to be inhaled with the air into his lungs, and carried to every part of his system, and by which, under the impulse of mind, it mast be moved, controlled, and governed by the posi- tive and negative forces that move all worlds. You now perceive what connection Electrical Psychology has with the creation of our globe. It is a science that ia LECTURE VIII. 15t ?olves the electrical theory of the universe, and all the multii irious operations of nature. We know not, as yet, how many elements there may be in existence. I desire it, however, to be distinctly borne in mind, that if there are one hundred in elec- tricity, which is primal and eternal matter, then there are one hundred in the globe, one hundred in the vege- tables that the globe produces, and one hundred in the human body, which is sustained by, and, therefore, made up of vegetables. The stomach is the great workshop of the system, to manufacture new materials to supply the demand occasioned by its constant wastes. The food and water taken into the stomach contain the one hundred elements to meet the supply of the one hundred that are contained in the composition of the body. Electricity, containing also one hundred, is in- spired by the lungs, communicated to the blood, from the blood to the nerves, and conducted to the brain, and there laid up for the use of the mind, as I have explained in my third Lecture. This electricity is sent by the involuntary powers of the mind from the cerebellum through the pneumagastric and other invol- untary nerves to the stomach, to produce digestion. The one hundred elements in electricity meet the one hundred corresponding elements in the food, and con- vert the whole mass into one homogeneous chyle. This is done by the positive and negative forces, without the least confusion or interference of one element with its 152 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY kindred elements. The nutritious parts of this chyle are taken up by the absorbents, and, in the form af se- rum, are thrown into the circulating system, and trans- muted into blood. The blood is the universal solvent of the system, containing, in solution, all the chemical properties that are to constitute the body, even from its finest particles down to the solid bones — the same as water is the universal solvent of nature, out of which all the constituent principles of this globe are formed, through electrical action. The finest particles of the blood are taken up, and, by the positive and negative forces of electricity, are transmuted into flesh, tendons, bones, and all the sub- stances that constitute the animal economy, and by the same forces the old particles of the body are thrown off, to mingle again with those of the globe. When I say that all this is effected by the one hundred electri- cal elements, each acting upon its own element in the food, without interfering with any of its ninety-nine kindred elements, I desire to be distinctly understood. In order to express clearly so intricate an idea, I will take one of these elements, and carry it through in all its principal bearings. Phosphate of lime is the substance that forms our bones. It may not be a simple element, but in order to convey my ideas on this point, I will consider it so. As our bones are continually wasting away, so thii •raste must be supplied ; and as they are often frac« LECTURE VIII. 153 turel, so they require new parities tc reunite \hen by ossification. Hence there must be phosphate of limo in our food as well as in electricity. This is cer- tain, because that hard, bony-like substance collected on the teeth in the act of mastication,. is from the phos- phate of lime in our fo';d and water. Having these facts before us, I now turn to the point under consid- eration, and ask your undivided attention. The food is taken into the stomach. The phosphate of lime in electricity being the positive force, moves from the brain- — from the cerebellum — through the in- voluntary nerves to the stomach. It takes hold of the phosphate of lime in the food, which is the negative ■force, and leaves the other ninety-nine elements of the food unmolested. This is perfectly philosophical, for the positive and negative invariably rush together. It converts this phosphate of lime into chyle, and takes it up through the absorbents, and transmutes it into se- rum and blood. This phosphate of lime from the food now forms a constituent part of the blood. In the next place, the phosphate of lime in electricity takes hold of the phosphate of lime ir the blood, and moves it on through all its destined avenues till it reaches the liver, which, while it secretes the bile, seems to act as the bolter of the system, to separate these one hundred ele- ments to be distributed to their destined, correspondent parts of the body. The phosphate of lime in electricity extracts the like substance from the blood at the liver § 151 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY conveys it to the various bones of the body, transmutes it into an osseous substance, and lays it down, particle after particle, and thus forms anew the solid frame- work of the system, while the dregs are passed off through the urinary secretions. But before it lays down the new, it removes the old particle by its re- pulsive force, and compels it U fly off by insensible per- spiration. Fully sensible that I am now understood in reference to the operation of this one element, I am satisfied that you understand me also in relation to the operations of the other ninety-and-nine, in carrying on the work of digestion to keep up the repairs of the body. These ideas, though somewhat intricate, are never- theless interesting and sublime, as they unfold the relation in which man stands to the globe, to surround- ing worlds and his Creator, as an epitome of the uni- verse. If their novelty produce surprise in any breast, yet this is no reason that they should awaken resent- ment, or kindle indignation against the speaker. We are finite beings, can know but little, and we should ever be ready and willing to freely express our thoughts reciprocally to each other, independent of the opposition of men. By this mutual interchange of sen- timent and feeling we should increase in knowledge, and grow wiser and better. Indeed, we need not go, in our contemplations, out of ourselves to learn the great principles and operations of both mind and mat LECTURE VIII. I5t fcer, of God and his works. As it regards human research, the words of the poet are unchangeably true, and must stand unshaken when thrones and kingdoms fall. He immortalized his verse when he breathed out, " The proper study of mankind is man." I now turn to another department of my subject, jqually interesting. I mean the Doctrine of Im- pressions, by which both nature and man are thrown ut of balance, made sick and cured. In this also we Lall see the relation between man and nature. The philosophy of disease I have briefly, but faith- /ully argued in my fourth Lecture, and show T n how it m^y be produced by both mental and physical im- pressions. Hence there is no occasion that I should weary your attention by ranging that field of pestilence and death I shall confine my observations principally t) nature, and even in these I shall be brief. The 1 %w of equilibrium is the grand central law of the universe. It holds over nature the reins of govern- nent, and allows her, in her operations and changes, to stray, but not too far, from the central track. She may rise above, or fall below this law, but to its man- date she must ever bow, and at stated periods resume her medium course. Electricity, being a universal agent, produces all the phenomena and changes that transpire in our globe and its surrounding elements. By hea* which is as 156 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY, electrical effect, the air is rarefied and water is evapo rated. When the rarefication of the air is carried tc an extreme, then that portion of the earth and its in- habitants suffer. Nature is diseased, and the densei portion of the atmosphere is, at length, aroused from lis slumberings and armed with force. The sweeping hurricane rushes, or the dreadful tornado roars in its awful movement to fill up, and rescue that rarefied and diseased portion of the air, and continues its force till an equilibrium is attained in her aerial realms. At this point all action ceases, and nature is well. She was cured by her own impressions. In like manner evaporation may continue till the air is filled, in its upper regions, with vapors. As electricity has a strong affinity for moisture, it leaves the drier portions of the atmosphere near the earth, and ascends to the moist and vapory regions above. By this process electricity is thrown out of balance The man who has had a broken bone, even years ago, or who is subject to rheumatism, will feel an inconve- nience in that spot, or in his system, as harbingers of die approaching storm. The cause of this is, that he does not inspire as much electricity as usual with the air into the lungs, and feels the inconvenience. And the storm will surely burst, if there are no upper cur- rents of air to disperse the vapor. The electricity being thrown out of balance condenses the vapors into thick clouds by its coldness, and thus darkens the LECTURE VIII. 15*1 heavens. The lightnings flash, the thunders roll, the rains descend, and the war of elements will continue, till that subtile fiuid is equally dispersed throughout the atmosphere. Nature having gained her equili- brium, in her electrical realms, is at rest. By these awful impressions of her voice she is cured. Here it is distinctly perceived that electricity is a cold body, because it condenses the storm, and when its quantity is sufficiently great it produces hail, even in the warm- est weather in our southern climates. In these few ideas we see also the philosophy of storms. Even the globe may be sick. She may have a bowel complaint. By the confined air and continually gen- erating gases in the lava contained in her bowels she is thrown out of balance. The earthquake awakes from slumber, and springs from its dreadful couch. It starts to discharge its force at the nearest volcano. In its fearful march it sounds its rumbling thunders and convulses the globe. Flames start up through fissures of the opening earth, and from the bottom of the ocean burning islands arise ! Volcanoes bellow and disembogue. Their lava overwhelms devoted cit- ies, and their shock hurls others in crumbling ruins I A reaction takes place, an equilibrium is produced in her subterranean realms, and she is well. By these awful impressions of her own power she is cured. I might extend my observations to every visible de- partment of nature, and notice her more minute opera* 158 ELEJTRICAL PSYCHOL! GY. Lions, but these few remarks, in reference to her mosft stupendous and obvious convulsions, are sufficient to give you my ideas how she becomes diseased by being thrown out of her equilibrium, and how she is cured by the inherent force of her own impressions. As man, then, is an epitome of the universe, the full force of my arguments on the philosophy of disease and the rationale of its cure, advanced in my fourth and fifth Lectures, will be clearly seen, and the rela- tion in which man stands to the uni\ erse will be more distinctly understood. As I am now on the doctrine of impressions, I take the liberty to say, that we should endeavor, at all times, to keep ourselves positive to the surrounding impres- sions of nature. We take disease much more easily to fall asleep in an unhealthy spot than to keep awake. While traveling in stages through some low, damp, and unhealthy places in the southern states, and where the mail stage runs both night and day, the traveler unused to that climate should be careful to take short naps during the day, so as n*.t to fall asleep in the night stage. It renders him passive and negative to the sur- rounding impressions of nature, when she receives no salutary influence from the beams of the sun. These impressions become the positive force, and the electri- city of the air inspired by the lungs enters the system, disturbs the nervous force and the circulation, throw the whole out of balance, and disease ensues. LECTURE. VIII. 159 A »i4 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY LECTURE IX. Ladies and Gentlemen: Much has been advanced in relation to n-kiA mi matter, their various operations, powers, and manifes- tations, and the countless mental and physical impres- sions of which they are susceptible. I have also said not a little of the electro-nervous force, as the agent of the mind, and how the functions of every part of the system are executed under its energy. I have proved it to be the connecting link between mind and inert matter, and the agent by which the Creator moves all worlds through the boundless fields of space. I have shown the connection existing between man and nature, and the relationship he sustains to her as an epitome of the universe. As I have made electricity the grand agent that, under mind, moves on all the multifarious operations appertaining to the human system, it may ba asked, what proof is there to establish this truth, inde- pendent of what has already been offered 1 If the ar- guments already advanced to prore that mind touches and moves electricity as its prime agent, are not suffi- LECTURE IX. 165 cient and *.ntir3ly satisfactory, I will then refer you to ii visible and tangible experiment, the result of which you can witness, and thus test the truth of my position. Let any gentleman of eloquence, feeling, and pathos strip up his sleeve, and lay his bare arm on a table where it shall be perfectly at rest ; let him then repeat some impressive poetry, or any prose sentences of stir- ring eloquence, paying no attention to his arm till his feelings are moved, and at that instant he will see his arm covered with what are called goose-pimples. If he cease speaking, they will gradually disappear, as hia mind sinks into calmness. Indeed, he can see them rise and fall with his feelings and emotions. These are occasioned by the redundant electricity which is thrown to the surface by the strong emotions and positive im- pulses of the excited mind. These pimples rise up at the root of each hair, and as hair is a non-conductor." and resists electricity, so the internal pressure of the electro-nervous force, propelled to the surface by the mind, causes these minute eminences to arise. Elec- tricity is, in its nature, a cold substance. Hence, when the weather is cold, the air, being dense, contains an excess of electricity and oxygen. These, being in- spired by the lungs in greater quantities than usual, brace the system, and render these pimples in the same ratio more prominent and visible than in warm weather. This aircumstiance confirms the proof that it is elec- tricity moved bj mind, that causes these to rise when 166 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. the feelings are excited by an eloquence that causes er n cold chills to pass over the body. The proof now produced I consider to be absolutely and positively irresistible, and abundant to satisfy any philosophic mind, that electricity is the connecting link between mind and inert matter, and is, therefore, the agent through which the mind manifests its motions and powers. But should this not be sufficient to send a bold and firm conviction to the mind of the greatest skeptic, then I will endeavor to carry the proof still farther, and firmly nail the matter beyond his power to remove it. I will show him how abundant the proof is by which this position is sustained. Let the skeptic place himself on an insulated stool, with his arm en- tirely bare, and charge his body from a powerful elec* trie machine. The hairs and pimples will rise up even as they do under an intense action of the mind. When the body is electrically charged on an insulated stool, even the hairs of the head rise up erect, and the same result follows when the mind is greatly excited by fear or moved by strong and stormy emotions. If these evidences are not sufficient to strike the skeptic speechless in his opposition, then let him take a needle, and, after satisfying himself that it has no magnetic power to attract the smallest atom, let him insert it in the nerve of an animal, and it will become sufficiently magnetic to take up fine iron filings. In* deed, ladies and gentlemen, I have no doubt that the LECTURE IX. 167 aaked arm, under sufficiently strong and stirring emo- tions of mind to raise those pimples, would, while in that condition, produce an effect upon the electrometer. We now perceive why the mind, when involved in trouble and distress, has so powerfully affected the body, not only in bringing upon it various diseases, but often sudden, or even instant death. And we more- over see why the mind, when calm, serene, and happy, when buoyant with hope, and animated with confidence, faith, and joy, has produced such powerful and salutary results in removing pains and diseases. We see why, under the energy of such a favorable state of mind, warts, and even king's-evil, cancers, and various tu- mors have been made to disappear. Dr. John C. Warren, of Boston, Massachusetts; states, in his work on tumors^ that a lady called upon him to ask his advice in relation to an experiment she thought of trying on a tumor with which she was afflicted. It was to rub it with the hand of a dead person ; and, as she had a good opportunity, she asked Dr. Warren whether she had not better improve it. He states, that he at first thought of dissuading her from it, but sensible of the power of the imagination, he advised her to try the experiment. She did so, and in a few weeks the tumor disappeared ! Dr. Warren calls it the imagination ; but it is the effect of a mental impression, as I have just stated, producing the result by the action of electricity through 1C8 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. # the voluntary nerves. The philosophy of this is siia pie, and in a few words I will notice it. The old particles of our flesh are thrown off through the electro-nervous force of the involuntary nerves, and by the same force the new particles from the blood are laid down in their stead. Hence the wastes and re- pairs of the system are about balanced We change, as I have stated, the fleshy particles oi our bodies about once per year, and the bones in seven years. While, therefore, the involuntary nerves are keeping up this balance of power between the wastes and re- pairs of the flesh, so the same tumor that is thrown off once per year with the other particles of the body, is gradually replaced each year by the same involuntary electro-nervous force from the new particles of the blood. Over this the mind has no direct control, be- cause it acts through the voluntary nerves. Hence when the mind is under the influence of confidence, faith, hope, and joy, organic activity is heightened, and by keeping the mind upon the tumor while in this happy state, and believing it will disappear, creates a surplus of action at that spot through the voluntary nerves, and this surplus action throws off this surplus protuberance to return no more. Such is the philoso- phy of what is called imagination. The point being understood how the electro-nervous thiid removes a tumor, the query may now arise in your minds, Why does it heal a wound or cure a dig- LECTURE IX. ease? In answer to this question I would first re- mark, that I am well aware that the healing proper- ties are in the individual, or in the electricity of the system, and not in the medicine. And the question, Why does the electro -nervous fluid heal, has been in- directly considered in my last Lecture, when explain- ing the process of digestion. Because if all things were made out of electricity, then it is certain that electricity contains all the elementary principles, and therefore all the healing properties of all things in being. All the balms, oils, and minerals in existence are contained in electricity, and in their most skillfully combined proportions. This electricity is inspired with the air into the lungs, and passed through the blood into the nerves of the brain, and becomes the electro-nervous fluid. It is the positive, moving pow- er, in all its one hundred elements, and meets the same one hundred kindred elements that compose the body, and are the negative power. And the positive and negative forces coming together, and the one hundred elements in electricity meeting the one hundred of the same kind in the body, each tending to its own, pro- duce the healing result, on the same principle that they produce digestion, repair the system, and equal- ize circulation. For a full explanation of this point you will please call to mind my remarks on the diges- tive process in my last Lecture, and the whele will bs easily comprehended. 8 170 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOi-OGr. I now leave this point and call your attention to the brain, which is the palace and throne of the mind 5 where it dwells and reigns. I shall briefly notice its operations in its earthly house, point out the connec- tion between the voluntary and involuntary nerves through which the mind acts, and conclude by noticing the philosophy of sleep. I have stated in a former Lecture, that each indi- vidual has two distinct brains — namely, the cerebrum, which occupies the frontal part of the cranium, filling the principal part of its cavity, and the cerebellum, which occupies the back portion of the cranium. The voluntary nerves belong to the cerebrum, through which the voluntary powers of the mind act, and the involuntary nerves belong to the cerebellum, through which the involuntary powers of the mind act. And though in their intricate convolutions through every part of the cranium, they seem to interweave and blend in ten thousand ways, and both dive into the * spine, and there combine to form the spinal marrow, jet by some secret charm they preserve their entirely distinct character as to their voluntary and involun- tary powers, and thus carry out the separate forces of both brains into every part of the entire system. Our voluntary powers by which w r e reason, and by which we move our limbs and bodies, being the posi- tive force during our wakeful moments, soon tire, and require the refreshment of sleep to restore them. But LECTURE TX. 171 oui involuntary powers, by which the heait and lung are moved, and the functions of life performed, com- mence their career of action at birth, and often con- tinue it, without any apparent weariness, for seventy, eighty, or even a hundred years. They, however, tire at last, and also require sleep. But when they sleep, it is death. Natural sleep, which involves the sleep of the voluntary powers only in a state of entire insensibility, is so far on the road to death. It is the half-way house to the land of silence. By natural sleep our exhausted voluntary powers are restored, we wake up refreshed, our weariness has disappeared, and we are prepared for renewed action. There is at the same time another important end gained by our insen- sibility in sleep. The involuntary powers, being left free from the exciting action of the voluntary powers, were allowed to gradually slacken their movements^ and regain their true and healthful equilibrium. In order that this part of my subject may be dis- tinctly understood, I must point out the connection between the voluntary and involuntary powers, and the manner in which they may reciprocally affect each other. Our pulsations are more frequenst in the eve- ning than in the morning. This is owing to the men- tal and physical action of our voluntary powers during our w r akeful moments. They, being the positive force, trespass upon the involuntary powers, which are the negative force, and hence one grand object of sleep is 172 ELECTKICAI, PSYCHOLOGY* to allow the heart to come down to its due natural slowness of pulsation. The voluntary powers, being the positive force, can of course trespass upon the in- voluntary, till they become tired out and sink to rest in the sleep of death. This "I will endeavor to make plain by the following circumstances. In the barbarous ages of the world, criminals have been, in some instances, doomed to die through depri- vation of sleep. Guards, who took charge of them by turns, both night and day, were ordered to keep them incessantly awake. This they did do by touching them with some instrument of torture, and sometimes with fire, whenever exhausted nature would yield to repose. In such instances the pulsations of the heart are gradually increased above their usual throb, be- coming more and more frequent, till between the third and fourth day, when they rise to about one hundred and twenty per minute, which is a fever heat. And so on, gradually increasing, till the seventh or eighth day, when the pulse is only perceived by a tremulous motion, inconsistent with the continuance of life, and the sufferer expires. You now perceive that the vol- untary powers, by being kept awake, trespass upon the involuntary powers till they too are tired, and fall asleep ; but that sleep is death. I have already remarked, that when our voluntary powers are exhausted they fall asleep at night, and in the morning we wake up restored. This brought us LECTURE IX. 178 half way on our journey to the door of death, and well may sleep, in all ages, have been considered its em- blem. But when the involuntary powers are entirely exhausted by pain, by fevers, or by sickness in gen- eral, they also require rest, and therefore fall asleep. This is death. Now, if there were no positive organic destruction, and could the laws of chemistry that de- compose our bodies be suspended, and could the entire system, blood and all, be kept precisely in the same condition as it was when we expired, we should wake up after a few days in perfect health. This is no revery of fancy, no chimera of the speaker's brain, but ab»i jlutely and positively true, and in perfect accord- ance with the principles of philosophy. As this sub- ject is new, I will take it into consideration, as it must be not only interesting, but vastly important to us all. In the first place, we know that the serpent and toad species, the alligator tribe, and nearly all insects, fall into torpidity in winter, and in the spring they are aroused from this state in perfect health, and with regenerated vigor. Not only their voluntary, but also their involuntary powers were asleep. The breathing lungs and throbbing heart were motionless, and the circulating blood was stilled. The raccoon and seve- ral other species of animals burrow, and fall into a torpid state as winter approaches, and remain till spring without any sustenance whatever, and then make their appearance without any loss of flesk. lq 1*4 EIECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. ill thesA creatures the foramen ovale, an opening be» swisen tht auricles of the heart, never closes, and hence they can live without breathing. It may, however, be said, that this is by no means applicable to human beings, for they cannot live with- out breathing. How then do we live without breath- ing, or even without the throbbing of the heart, or the circulation of the blood, till we were born into exist- ance ? I answer by saying, that the foramen ovale was not closed, but generally closes soon after our birth takes place. We know that the new-born infant requires but little air, and can live where we should be smothered and perish. Again, there is occasionally an individual in whom this never closes. It is true, that these in- stances are exceedingly rare, and such persons are liable, when disease or pain exhausts the involuntary powers, to sink into a torpid state, which has been mistaken for death. The lungs and heart suspended their motions, the blood ceased to circulate, and the limbs grew stiff and cold . Thousands in this condition have been prematurely buried, came to life, struggled, turned over in their coffins, and perished. On being disinterred they have been found with the face down- ward. Some, placed in tombs, have revived, ' been accidentally heard, and fortunately rescued. And though they expired with a distressing disease, yet they awoke to life in health. An instance of this kind occurred in New Jersey f LECTURE IX. 175 ivhere an individual was apparently in a state of death. He was cold and motionless. The lungs heaved not ; the heart in its pulsations* was stilled ; the blood was stagnated in its channels, and had ceased to flow. His funeral was two or three times appointed, the friends and neighbors assembled, and through the entreaties of the physician it was postponed to another time. He at length awoke from this state to life, and awoke in health. Some call this singular condition, where circu- lation is suspended, a trance ; but it is the sleep of the involuntary powers in those individuals only where the foramen ovale is not closed. In all other persons it vould be death. In view of these facts we should be warned not to inter our friends too soon after we suppose they are dead. And as death is only the sleep of the involun- tary powers, so dying cannot be a painful process, but one that must afford the greatest pleasure and delight of which we can conceive. It must certainly afford as much real enjoyment to die as to lie down upon our beds and sink into natural sleep. All sufferings arise from the nature of the disease that tires out the invol- untary powers, and not from the gasping struggles of the dying. The fatigues, toils, and sufferings of the day, that prepare our voluntary powers for a night's repose, are not to be taxed upon the process of our dropping into natural sleep. This is of itself pleas- arable, and sc is also the process of dropping into tht 176 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. sleep of death. In this respect it is not " the king of terrors," but the welcome angel of soothing smiles and crowning joys. You now perceive that though the voluntary and in- voluntary powers of the mind are entirely distinct, and seem to act independently of each other through two distinct sets of nerves, yet there must be some secret link between the two that unites them in one bond of everlasting and indissoluble union. That this point may be settled as accurately as possible, J must call your attention to the voluntary and involuntary nerves, to determine the connection between them, and also to ascertain the throne of the mind, or in what particular part of the brain it may be located. Though I have faithfully explained the philosophy of the circulation of the blood in my third Lecture, yet I am compelled to glance at the position in which the arterial and venous circulation stand in relation to each other, and notice the connection between them, and then see if this will not throw some light on the volun- tary and involuntary nervous forces of the brain. The circulating system is in reality two distinct Bystems. The arterial carries the cherry-red blood, which is positive , and ever flows from the lungs and heart to the extremities, and the venous carries the dark blood, which is negative^ and ever flows from tha extremities to the heart and lungs. The arterial sys- tem, commencing at the lungs and heart, divides into LECTURE IX. 17" various branches, and these again into others, and sc on, till they spread out in thousands of small blood vessels called capillaries, too minute for the dissecting knife fcc trace, or the naked eye to see. Indeed, they run out and seem to end, if I may so speak, in millions of nothings. At their terminations, and in just as many millions of nothings, the venous system begins. Though there is no visible connection, that the dis- sector can trace between the two, yet we know that such a connection must exist, otherwise the blood could never pass from the capillaries of the arteries into those of the veins. As the nervous system must correspond with the circulating system, so these remarks will prepare your minds for a correct understanding of my views in re lation to the voluntary and involuntary nerves and the throne of the mind. The involuntary nerves have .their origin in the cerebellum, which is .the organ of involuntary motion, wind round in intricate mazes, and form its convolutions. They pass into the spine, and form the spinal marrow, a part of which is but the cerebellum continued, and from thence they branch out to the heart, lungs, and to all the involuntary parts of the system, so that motion may be communicated to them by the involuntary powers of the mind. They peturn through another department of the spinal mar- row to the brain, and terminate in the medulla oblon- gata in thousand? of nothings, by which I only mean 8* 178 ELECTRICAL PS^.HOLOGY. invisible fibres. In just as many thousands of nothing^ the voluntary nerves begin — wind round in like in- tricate mazes, and form the convolutions of the cere- brum, which is the great organ of voluntary motion. They pass into the spine and form the spinal marrow, which is but the continuation of the two brains, and from thence they branch out to all the voluntary parts of the system, so that motion may be communicated to them at pleasure by the voluntary powers of the mind. It is evident that the same secret and invisible con- nection exists between the voluntary and involuntary nerves of the two brains that exists between the arte- ries and veins of the two circulating systems which carry the positive and negative blood. If this connec tion between the voluntary and involuntary nerves of the two brains does not exist, then the voluntary pow- ers could not, by their wakefulness, produce the least possible effect upon the involuntary powers, so as to tire them out and produce death, nor could they even cause the least disease, And on the other hand, the involuntary could not produce the least possible effect upon the voluntary powers. The mind is certainly not diffused throughout both brains, because a part of the brain may be destroyed- and the mind still retain all its powers and faculties. If it were thus diffused, being an active principle, it would keey every organ of the brain uniformly excited LECTURE IX. 178 Hence it appears most reasonable, that the mind hold3 its throne between the termination of the involun tary nerves of the cerebellum and the commencemeni of the voluntary nerves of the cerebrum. This will appear rational, if we reflect that any sudden, irregu - lar motion of the heart for instance, or of any other involuntary organ, will instantly convey the warning to the mind, and bid it beware. But this sensation could not be communicated to the mind unless it held its throne between the voluntary and involuntary nerves. This, though difficult to determine, seems to be in the medulla oblongata. There the royal monarch sits enthroned. From the external world, through one common nerve, he receives all his impressions, and from thence he transmits them by electric telegraph tc the various departments of his palace — or, to speak more phrenologically, to the different organs of the brain, and thus manifests the true impression of his character to the world. In the light our subject now stands, the philosophj of natural sleep can be stated in very few words Heat expands, and cold shrinks the nerves of the brain. As the mind is that sublimated substance we sail spirit, and is a living being of embodied form, and being the reverse of dead matter,, it is its nature tc move, and the result of that motion is thought and power. By the shrinking of the nerves of the cere [80 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY, brum its motions are stilled, and thought is gone* This is sleep. I am done, and though errors may be detected, I care not. I have spoken freely, and meant to do so. And though skeptics may sneer, yet I see and feel the full weight, importance, and majesty of my subject. I have every thing to hope for in its favor, as a powerful agent to remove disease, and pain, and to succor tli€ distressed. UCCTURE X. Itfl LECTURE X. (Uajdie& and Gentlemen: The science of Electrical Psychology is yet in \h# infancy of its existence, and as so many astonishing tjures have been already effected under its energy while this that the positive electricity of the atmosphere does to the negative electricity of the globe in order to transmute its earthy particles into vegetable substances. Should the electricity of the atmosphere, when taken into the lungs, remain in its unchanged state, it could never carry on a perfect digestion, so as to transmute food into flesh and bones, because a perfect aptitude between this electricity, the food, and the living body does not exist. This can only be done by electricity, after having been secreted and changed by the brain into an electro-nervous fluid. But, on the other hand, this electro-nervous fluid can not possibly transmute earthy particles into vegetables, because a perfect aptitude between these three changing properties does not exist. This can only be done by the elec- tricities of the atmosphere and globe acting in conjunc- tion. Having these general facts distinctly before us, we tfhall now be able to discover and appreciate the fact, 192 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. that Terr apathy- possesses also, and that too in m eminent degree, its distinct powers to cure. To a candid consideration of this point I now invite your particular attention. * In my Fourth Lecture I have argued the philosophy of health and disease, and trust that the ideas there advanced are retained by you all. When the mind ia serene, and its mental and moral attributes are so bal- anced as to act in perfect unison ; when all the inter- nal circulating forces of the body are equalized so a« to move on in one harmonious and beautiful round in their destined channels ; and when the body externally stands in the same well-balanced and beautiful relation to the air, water, vegetables, and earth, then health must be the natural result of this state of things, on the principle of the common law of equilibrium, in which all other laws are involved. But when any or all of these are thrown out of balance, disease ensues. How, then, are these difficulties to be overcome, the circu- lating forces equalized, the mind restored to its wonted serenity, and health and happiness regained ? In re- ply to these important and interesting queries, I would in the first place observe, that it is admitted by all who are acquainted with the principles of electrical Bcience, that the atmosphere is charged with positivi electricity, and the earth with negative electricity* Each of these electricities possess, of course, the 9& far active and repulsive forces LECTcRE X. 193 Now, as all diseases are either of a positive or nega- tive character, so they must be cured by the positive or negative electricities, or by the application of sub- stances that contain them. We should first attempt a cure by the science of Electrical Psychology alone. Whether this, of itself, would prove successful or not, could be tested in a few moments, by an immediate trial of mental impressions upon the patient. If these were successful, the mind would resume the balance of its powers. Its peace and contentment would be restored, and by its mental energies the nervous, and other circulating forces of the body would be equalized, and health and happiness ensue. But if the disease can not be psychologically cured by direct mental im- pressions, then we are compelled to resort to physical remedies, and make what I call physical impressions upon the body, and through these to reach the mind, because the mind and body intermutually and recipro cally affect each other. Suppose, then, the disease to be a positive one, oc- casioned by the positive electricity of the system being thrown out of balance. In all diseases of this charac- ter, even though they may be attended with severe pain, yet there is never any inflammation. To these make cold applications, or the positive electric forces. Opposites should seldom be used, for they can not act as permanent alteratives. Or suppose the disease to bo a negative one 9 occasioned by the negative electrio 194 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. ity of the system being thrown out of balance. All diseases of this character will be attended, not only with pain, but inflammation. To these we should ap- ply the negative forces, which belong in a. peculiar Bense to the earth. Here permit me to exhibit this interesting subject in a more definite and orderly arrangement, so as to be readily understood. Now, do you not perceive that, according to the peculiar nature of the disease, we should apply electricity, galvanism, or magnetism, or else air in its various temperatures, from the coldest to the warmest that can be borne % Do you not per- ceive that w^hen the disease requires it, that water, in its various temperatures, should be applied, either ex- ternally or internally % And do you not perceive that herbs, in their various decocted combinations, or other- wise, should also, wnen the disease requires it, be taken internally or applied externally, and of such tempera- tures as to produce a salutary result % We have no\i descended from electricity, the finest known inert sub- stance in being, through all the grand elementary de- partments of nature, down to the vegetable kingdom. Now, shall we stop here, or proceed down to Earth, the Mother of us all, and draw relief from her gener- ous bosom? Shall we stop at herbs, earth's eldest- born children, who torever hang upon her breast, 01 shall we approach the maternal germinating and gen- erating power and source from whence they draw theil LECTURE X. 195 rital being? As the earth is electrically negative* ani peculiarly so, how supreme must her powers be over all diseases attended with inflammation! Earthy sub- stances, in various clayey or other combinations, and ic the form of poultices, either cold or warm, as the case may require, can be applied to the diseased part, and with the same convenience that we do any other sub- stance. Or, when necessary, let the whole body be buried in soils of various kinds, in their natural vege- tating temperature. Or should the disease require it, let "the body be immersed in various mortars made of one or several kinds of clay, or other earthy compounds. The only thing requisite is a good knowledge of their chemical properties, and good judgment and skill how 9 and when, and in what manner to apply them to any given disease. Consistent and even irresistible as all this may ap- pear, yet the question comes up — Can any facts bo produced as evidence of the sanative results of Teno- pathy? Certainly; there are thousands of instances of its power. But as it has never occurred to any mind to bring it into practice as a system, so the in- stances of its power are merely incidental. I have made it my study occasionally for five years, and yet I am now only ready to introduce it into the service of my grand system of Electro-Psychological Curapathy, and connnence its practice. But to the point. I might refer, with more force than many are aware< 196 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY, to the spittle and clay prepared by the Master, and put on the eyes of a blind man, whoixi he then ordered to go and wash in the Pool of Siloara, and on doing of which he received his sight. Most of Christians sup- pose that all this was useless, and that he employed some other agent to restore his sight besides the means he manifestly employed. But it is in vain for any one to contend that Christ practiced a fraud, by putting clay upon his eyes to produce no possible effect, and then secretly and deceptively restored his sight by some *)ther power. It was done by the very means that he thus openly employed, and by which he pretended it was done, and without a shade of deception through fear of men. It was accomplished by the combined forces of Terrapathy, Hydropathy, and the faith and confidence inspired in the blind man's mind by a strong psychological impression. But without any reference whatever to the Master, I will, in as few words as possible, show that the various earths possess a most powerful electro-absorbent force to draw out inflammation from the human system, and with which no other known substances in existence can compare. The smallest effect we witness on earth is often pregnant with the greatest power, and portends the most salutary or awful results. A straw shows the direction of the current, however deep its waters, or secret its irresistible movement. Take then, for example, the sting of the bee, or tfat LECTURE X. 197 bite of any poisonous insect, where the pain, swelling^ and inflammation would be great. The moment the circumstance occurs take almost any kind of earth at hand capable of producing vegetation, moisten it with spittle or blood-warm water, apply it to the wound, and! in a few moments the poison will be extracted, and every painful result arrested. But a blue or white clay soil, moistened with warm water or spittle, is prefera- ble, if it can be obtained without delay. As to the drawing and absorbent powers of clay and other earths, I might bring a few simple facts. For instance, let oil or grease be spilled upon the floor, and remain till the board be saturated. No soap and water can remove it — no washings can make it disappear ; yet clay, rightly prepared, will extract it. Or suppose there are oil or grease spots upon a silk dress. Rub pulverized magnesia on the opposite or wrong side of the dress, then press a hot iron to the grease spot on the right side, and the whole will instantly disappear, and leave the silk as bright and fair as ever. The same result may be obtained by using pulverized French chalk on any beautiful woolen dresses or shawls. Now it is utterly impossible that these effects could be pro- duced unless these substances possessed a supreme electro-absorbent power. Or let clothing be saturated with any substance producing the strongest possible and the most pungent and enduring scent, even that of the skunk, and when no washing, no airing can remote it 4 198 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY let it be buried in any soil capable of producing a frea vegetation, and in three or four days the whole will . entirely disappear. The question arises — What is the cause of this? I answer by saying, that the human stomach can not, neither can that of any other animal, digest any crea- ture swallowed alive, so long as it possesses animal life. It must die before the stomach can digest and appro- priate it to the elements that compose the body, and until then the creature must sustain its existence by drawing its sustenance from the vital force of the body. So the earth can not digest, that is, decompose, any substance while that substance has either animal or vegetable life. These both draw strength and substance from her. But the moment they are dead she can di- gest and appropriate them to her own use, and thus in- vigorate and fructify herself. Hence it is seen why Terrapathy can cure. It is because all substances in the human system that are adverse to animal life and heal th 9 the earth can appropriate to herself, and so she can ull essences of the most pungent smell. She digests the whole, and manufactures and re-absorbs them again into the elements that compose her maternal body. She removes every substance from the human system adverse to the laws of animal life, and leaves perfect health. Hence the supremacy of Electro-Psychological Curapathy over all medical systems in being is clearly manifest, and I add no more. LECTC&E XI L99 LECTIRE XL PRIVATE INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CLASS the secret revealed. Gentlemen : In my last Lecture I have argued the supremacy :f Ourapathy over all medical systems in existence, for in t are combined the excellences of them all ; and, in tddition to these, it contains modes of treatment that »io medical science as yet involves. In this peculiar position of my subject it will be perceived by all those who have paid any attention to the science of Electrical Psychology, that it is of most paramount importance to the human race, as a curative agent, and should, therefore, be understood by all, so far, at least, as to apply it successfully to the removal of disease and pain. It should be practically understood by all med- ical men. This will cost them only the trifling sum of ten dollars, and in the course of their practice it would be worth thousands to them, and at the same time afford them the supreme pleasure of having saved many a life, where medicine must have failed. To obtain a gr>od knowledge of this science will require about iwfl 200 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. lessons of two hours each ; and as I am now per- mancntly settled in New York city, I am ready to im- part these instructions to all persons of good moral character who may call. If persons at a distance will form a class sufficiently large to warrant the expense, and address me a letter at New York, I will visit them one week, and not only give private instructions to the class, but will deliver, in the mean time, five public evening lectures besides, and perform most interesting experiments, of which the class may have the profit of the admission fee. This would generally pay their tui- tion, and in many instances exceed it. I make this proposal, because hundreds of ignorant individuals have undertaken to lecture upon, and even to teach this science, who have never received any in- struction from me, either verbal or written. Theso persons pretend to teach it, and that, too, for any price they can obtain, from five dollars down to twenty-five cents ! They had better receive " a penny for theif thoughts," so as to adapt the price of tuition to the amount of information they impart. All the regular students to whom I have taught the science of Elec- trical Psychology have been laid under written obliga- tions, and have seriously pledged their sacred honor never to teach it under ten dollars. Those, therefore, who are qualified teachers and honorable men do still continue to adhere to the obligations they signed, and charge the original fee, Those who vary from it hav* LECTURE XI, 201 either forfeited their obligaticns, 01 else never learned the science as they ought ; and hence the public will know who and what they are. It is due to myself to state, that some have changed the name of this science to that of "Electro Biol ogy," and have claimed authorship as to its discovery, and have even stated that Electro Biology has no con- nection whatever with Electrical Psychology, but is an entirely distinct science. This I am compelled to give a most decided and unqualified denial. I have visited some of the principal places where the Biologists have lectured, and have gathered all the facts in relation to their proceedings and the character of their experi- ments. I am acquainted with its whole history, and the circumstances under which it received its name, and why Electrical Psychology was first called u Elec f ro Biology." Should I, in a future day, be compelled in s$f-defense to take this subject in hand, I shal] make all the necessary disclosures, which the interest and advancement of this science, may require, or just- ice and duty demand. Fox the present they must rest in my bosom till circumstances shall call them forth. I would now only say, that the science of Electrical Psychology is identical with that of Mtectro Biology r , and that the latter has no existent only what it draws from the former , unless it le the mere half 9f its name. I have already stated, that there are certain indi 9* 202 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY, viduals who have gone through the country lecturing and pretending to teach this science for one or two dol- lars, and even for twenty-five cents, when they could get no more, who are utterly ignorant of the human system — ignorant of those diseases that assail it, and /gnorant of the common principles involved in any of the sciences. Such may be able to inform you how to close a man's eyes — how to paralyze or move his limbs, and how to make a psychological impression on his mind* But how can they teach any one its philosophical ap- plication to disease, or to any useful medical purpose \ Every man of common sense must perceive that this ia impossible without the knowledge of science in general. Such incompetent individuals have done Electrical Psychology a serious injury, and in several places have brought it into disrepute. Under all these circumstances, I feel it my duty to put an end to the worse than useless labors of such individuals, by fully explaining the secret mode of operation — how an individual may be controlled by mental and physical impressions. I would not be un- derstood that this can be wholly done by language. It requires a visible and personal application of what the theory involves — a practical illustration as to perform- ing experiments, and Low to apply it successfully to disease. I will, however, do it faithfully, so far as language can accomplish it, and far beyond what any lecturer now in th*? field attempts to explain to his class LECTURE XI. 203 rf pupils. The most have failed to give satisfaction to those whom they have undertaken to instruct, and m many cases serious difficulties have occurred in rela- tion to the sum paid for instruction. I have therefore come to the conclusion not to suffer odium in future to be brought upon this science, if in my power to prevent it. I proceed, therefore, to give the instructions to all, so that they may know how to experiment upon their fellow-men, as well as those generally who go about as lecturers and teachers of this science. In the accom- plishment of this I shall be brief as possible. What requires ten hours of instruction can not, by any means, be communicated fully in two lectures of half an huur each. Yet I will embody all, and even more than is generally given to any class of pupils by those claiming to be teachers. I would, in the first place, remark, that the Creator has stamped simplicity, as far as possible, upon each separate part of the human system. As I remarked in my sixth Lecture, each organ of the body performs but one function. The eye sees, the ear hears, the olfac- tories smell, the glands taste, the heart throbs to regu- late the blood, the hands handle, the feet walk, the liver secretes its bile, and the stomach digests its food* The eye never hears, and the ear never sees. So there evidently is but one nerve or set of nerves through which impressions from the external world are com- municated to the mind. This is ceitain, because the £04 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. mind can leceive but one idea at a time* It is imma- terial how rapidly soever ideas may be transmitted U the mind, tliey are nevertheless successive, and two ideas can not possibly be conceived, at the same in- stant; by the mind. One must succeed the other. But as there are millions of nerves in the human brain, and if it were alike the office of each to communicate ideas to the mind, then as many millions of ideas as there are nerves might be transmitted to the mind at the same instant. But we are conscious that they are suc- cessively and not simultaneously conceived. We can not attend to two public speakers at once, so as to un- derstand their ideas, if both were before us, and each addressing us upon a different subject. With the same earnestness that we give heed to the one, we must neg- lect the other. Indeed, there can be no doubt in rela- tion to the fact of ideas being successively communi- cated to the mind, if we reflect that even one public speaker by too rapid a delivery often confuses the hearer. The mind, as a living being of embodied form, has its spiritual brain and spiritual organs answering to the correspondent phrenological organs of the physical brain through which it manifests itself. The latter are, indeed, a production from the former, as much so as the riant and its form are a production from the life of the seed. The nerve, or family of nerves, through which imnression are communicated to the mind* and LECTt KE XI. 205 by the mind to the oody, to move its various parts, is located in the organ of Individuality. All the organs of the brain, and, indeed, of the whole system, are double, and so are the senses likewise. The brain has its two hemispheres, its two eyes, two ears, two glands of taste, and two olfactories of smell. We have two hands, two feet, and the heart has its two auricles and two ventricles. The organ of Individuality is also double. It is located in the centre of the lower part of the forehead, sends off branches to the optic, audi- tory, and olfactory nerves — extends through both hem- ispheres of the brain, passes down the spinal marrow, and in its course sends off branches to the arms and lower limbs, and, indeed, to all the voluntary parts of the body. Hence all voluntary motion originating in mind is communicated to the organ of Individuality, *nd from thence is transmitted through correspondent aerves to that part of the body where the mind directs motion to be made. Hence the organ of Individuality is the one that constitutes our individualism, or personal identity, and by which we identify all individual objects in the external world. And though this organ, like aU the other phrenological organs of the brain., is made up of a congeries of nerves, yet I am satisfied that it has but one single identical nerve that is moved by a men- tal impression, and that one moves by sympathy the whole family of nerves dwelling in that organ; and thus motion is communicated to every voluntary do 206 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. partment of the body where the mind, as the motive power, directs. For illustration of the above, suppose a pebble were thrown into the centre oi Lake Superior. It would displace its waters, and produce a circle. That circle would produce a second, and that second would produce a third circle , and so on, each continuing to lessen in its action until it apparently died away. But though imperceptible to the naked eye, yet the successive ac- tion would be continued even to the distant shores, and move every drop of water from the centre to the cir- cumference. And not only so, but that pebble would displace, by sympathy, every particle of water in the basined lake, even to its greatest depth. This is evi- dent, because if a rock, half the size of that mighty lake, were thrown into its centre, the universal disturb- ance of every particle of water would be evident and perceptible. On the same principle, a pebble — yes, a single grain of sand— would produce the same result, only on a smaller scale. So the centre nerve (if I may so speak) of the organ of Individuality is moved by a mental impression, and this movement communicates motion by sympathetic impulse to each and every volun- tary part of the body where the mind directs. Is not this the true philosophy of what we call sympathy ex- isting between the different parts of the human body and the various attributes of the soul, and between one individual and another 1 And is not this the tru€ LECTURE XI. 207 philosophy of perse nal identity, on the mystery of which so much has % been written ? Did not the mind of man possess a spiritual organ of Individuality cor- responding to the physical one of the brain, how then could either personal identity or sympathy be recog- nized, or even exist? This one spiritual organ consti- tutes the unity of all the attributes of the mind, spirit, soul, or whatever you please to call that part of man which is to exist immortal in a future world. The phrenological organs of the human brain are but a daguerreotype manifestation — a result of the corre- spondent spiritual organs of the living mind. They constitute the physical apartments of the earthly house which is fitted up as a temporary residence for the in visible inhabitant within, during its continuance here. Having clearly placed before you those interesting points that involve the ever sweet and pleasing doctrine of sympathy, I will now proceed to instruct you how an individual can be electrically and psychologically con- trolled. This is a subject involving vast utility as a curative power to the sick and distressed, and is there- fore full of deep and stirring interest to every feeling heart. To control is to cure. In order to affect an individual, and to successiully control his mind and muscles, it is, in the first place, necessary that he should stand in a negative relation to the operator as to the doctrine of impressions. Some persons are aaturall} in this condition, were born in it, live in it 208 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. and will die in it. Others are not in this state, anil hence means must be used to bring them there before Jiey can be controlled. In order to determine whether an individual stands in this negative relation to yom • self, as the operator, you must first proceed to take the communication, as we term it. This is inva- riably and philosophically done through the medium of two points. I care not whether it be effected by visible contact or otherwise, it is still done through the me- dium of two points, or the negative and positive electric forces, and through the same nerve, or family of nerves, that constitutes, phrenologically, our individualism or personal identity. Before I proceed to notice the most easy, sure, ami direct mode by which an electro-psychological commu- nication may be established, I will, in the first place 9 speak of the philosophy of communication in general. It is evident that the positive and negative forces of the two electricities pervade all nature. These I call in my seventh Lecture the male and female electrici- ties. These two forces not only permeate, more or less, all substances in nature, but they also unceasingly emanate from them in electric circles. Hence, as man is a part of the universe, he constantly takes into his system large portions of electricity with the air he in- spires, with the water he drinks, and with the food he eats. And by mental and muscular action, and the common operations of anima". life, he unceasingly LECTURE XI. 209 throws it off through the nervous foroe. On passing from his system into the surrounding elements, it forms around him his electric or magnetic circle. How larg6 riiis circle may be is as yet to us unknown. Hence, when two individuals come within a certain distance of each other, their circles meet, and touch each other at two points. And if one of these individuals is in the electro-psychological state, the communication will be taken through the positive and negative forces. And though this communication was taken without personal contact, yet it was done through the nerve that consti- tutes our individualism or personal identity. A com- munication in this manner can be established with those persons only who are very sensitive. As only about one in twenty-five is naturally in this state, so I can step before an audience of a thousand persons, state to them what I intend to do, so that all shall understand me ; then request them all to close their eyes firmly, and say, You can not open your eyes ! and forty out of the thousand will be unable to do so. All this can be performed in five minutes after entering the hall. It is, however, certain, that no effect can be produced till you establish a thorough communication between yourself and the subject through the nervous force of the organ of Individuality that constitutes his persona] identity, And as the centre or moving nerve of tins organ has sympathy with all the voluntary nerves cf the system and as they reciprocally affect each other 210 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. so you can establish a psychological communication by touching any part of the system where voluntary nerves are located, and particularly of those individuals who are very sensitive and impressible. But the most nat- ural mode to get a good communication, and the one least liable to be detected by the audience, is to take the individual by the hand, and in the same manner as - though you were going to shake hands. Press your thumb with moderate force upon the ulnar nerve, which spreads its branches to the ring and little finger of the hand. The pressure should be nearly an inch above the knuckle, and in range of the ring finger. Lay the ball of the thumb flat and partially crosswise, so as to cover trie, minute branches vf this nerve of ^ motion and sensation. The pressure, though firm, should not be so great as to produce pain or the least uneasiness to the subject. When you first take him by the hand, request him to place his eyes upon yours, and to keep them fixed, so that he may see every emo- tion of your mind expressed in the countenance. Con- tinue this position and also the pressure upon this gu- Htal nerve for half a minute or more. Then request aim to close his eyes, and with your fingers gently brush downward several times over the eyelids, as though fastening them firmly together. 'Throughout the whole process feel within yourself a fixed determina- tion to close them, so as to express that determination folly in your countenance and manner. Having dons LECTURE XI. 211 this, place your hand on the top of his head and press your thumb firmly on the organ of Individuality, bear- ing partially downward, and with the other thumb still pressing the ulnar nerve, tell him — you can not open your eyev ! Remember, that your manner, your expression of countenance, jour motions, and your Ian guage must all be of the most positive character. If he succeed in opening his eyes, try it once or twice more, because impressions, whether physical or mental, continue to deepen by repetition. In case, however, that you can not close his eyes, nor see any effect pro- duced upon them., you should cease making any further efforts, because you have now fairly tested that his mind and body both stand in a positive relation to yours as it regards the doctrine of impressions. There is yet another mode of communication that I have discovered, which is far preferable to the" one just noticed, is supreme over all others, and will remain so till OmnipQtence shall see fit to change the nervous system of man. This is the Median Nerve, which is the second of the brachial plexus. It is a compound nerve having the power of both motion and sensation. It is located in the centre of the upper part of the palm of the hand near where it joins the wrist. In order to take the communication through this medium, you must take the subject by the hand with the palm upward, and place the ball of your thumb in the centre of his hand ttear the root of his thumb, and give a modeiate but 212 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. firm pressure, The astonishing nature of the iinpres* sion can only be equaled by the result produced. It is a nerve of voluntary motion as well as sensation,; and therefore belongs to, and has its origin in, the cer* ebrum. True, like the other nerves, it can be traced directly no farther than the spinal cord, yet there is no difficulty in determining its origin to be in the cere- brum, because that is the organ of all voluntary mo- tion, even as the cerebellum is the organ of all invol- untary motion. This mode of communication trans- cends all others, and will answer in all possible cases, even upon persons the most difficult to control, as well as upon those who are the most sensitive and impress- ible. I care not how you obtain the communication with an individual — whether it be without contact, or by touching any part of the body, yet the communi- cation must ultimately be established through the Me- dian Nerve as the centre telegraphic force from the organ of Individuality, through which organ all ideas and all impressions are transmitted from the external world to the mind, and through that same organ are transmitted by the volitions of the mind to the different parts of the body. Even if the communication is taken by pressure on the ulnar nerve, yet it is neverthe- less communicated by sympathy to the Median Nerve, and through which alone the communication becomes perfect. There is no question^ in my mind, that the &ptic, the auditory^ and the olfactory nerves, as wel] LECTURE XI. 219 as those of taste, are but branches of the same com- mon nerve by which impressions or ideas are transmit, ted to the mind through the organ of Individuality Those whom I have instructed, will please to remember this. I desire you, and all, in order to experiment with power, to keep up a perfect uniformity in taking the communication through the Median Nerve, and through this to transmit the electric current to the brain and electrify the body. I am aware that the exact location of this nerve is somewhat difficult to find, unless you are personally in- structed. If you succeed in closing the subject's eyes by the above mode, you may then request him to put his hands on his head, or in any other position you choose, and tell him, You can not stir them ! In ease you succeed, request him to be seated, and tell him, You can not rise I If you are successful in this, re- quest him to put his hands in motion, and tell him. You can not stop them ! If you succeed, request him to walk the floor, and tell him, You can not cease walking / And so you may continue to perform ex- periments involving muscular motion and paralysis of any kind that may occur to your mmd, till you can completely control him, in arresting or moving all the voluntary parts of his system. When this is accom- plished, we say, for the sake of convenience, he is in the electrical state* You may, perhaps, not be able to affect him any fur 214 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. ther ; and as you can not know how this matter stands without the trial, so you will next proceed to produce mental impressions by operating upon his mind only. •If he is entirely in the state, you can make him see that a cane is a living snake or eel : that a hat is a halibut or flounder ; a handkerchief is a bird, child, or rabbit ; or that the moon or a star falls on a person in the audience, and sets him on fire, and you can make him hasten to extinguish it. You can make him see a river, and on it a steamboat crowded with human beings. You can make him see the boilei burst, and the boat blow up, with his father or mother, brother or sister, or wife or child on board. You can lay out the lifeless corpse before him in state, cause him to kneel at its side, and to freely shed over it the tears of affection and bereavement. You can suddenly show him a boy or girl, and he sees in them the lost father or mother standing before him, and gives the warm embrace. You can change his own personal identity, and make him believe that he is a child two or three years old, and inspire him with the artless feelings of that age ; or that he is an aged man, or even a woman, or a negro, or some renowned statesman or hero. You can change the taste of water to that of vinegar, wormwood, honey, or of any liquors you please. In like manner you can operate on his hearing and smelling, as well as on his sight, feeling, and taste: When you can produce such mental hallucinations as these on all his senses, o* LECTURE XI. 216 thousands of others that may suggest themselves to your mind, we say, for the sake of convenience, thai he is in the psychological state. I have thus far confined my remarks to that class oi individuals who are naturally in the electro-psycho- logical state, and shown you clearly how a communica- tion in its various modes may be taken, so as to suc- cessfully control them both physically and mentally. The average number of persons in the United States who are naturally in the psychological state is about one in twenty-five. These can be cured of any func- tional diseases with which they may be assailed, by simply performing upon them the experiments I have just named, or any others of a like character. And not only so, but upon such any surgical operation may be performed without the slightest degree of pain, and that, too, while they are wide awake, and in perfect possession of all their reasoning faculties. But while only one in twenty-five is entirely in this state, and nat- urally so, yet there is, perhaps, one in twelve who is partially in the state, and on whom experiments can be performed to a greater or less extent. All these, in connection with those on whom you can produce no effect whatever, are to be subjected to a process to bring them into the electro-psychological state, and we Bee, too, how vastly important it is that this, if possi- ble, should be done. This, indeed, would be the no- blest triumph ever achieved by man. It would be a 216 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. triumph o\er disease and pain, and prepare the huin&» race t) wenr out with age. In order to bring about this result, I know, at pres- ent, of no better process than the following: Take pure zinc and silver, with a copper wire, as a conductor, passed through the zinc, so as to come in contact with the silver. For convenience, take a piece of zinc the size of a cent, but somewhat thicker, and imbed a five- cent piece in its centre, and pass a small copper wire, as a rivet, through both. Place this coin. in the palm of the hand, with the silver side up, and request him to bring it within about a foot of his eyes. Let him take a position, either sitting or standing, which he can retain twenty minutes or more, without any motion of his feet, hands, lips, head, or any part of his body. He must remain motionless as a statue, except the nat- ural winking of the eye. His mind should be perfectly resigned and kept entirely passive to surrounding im- pressions. The eyes should be placed upon the coin as though they w T ere riveted there, and during the whole twenty or twenty-five minutes they should, on no con- sider ation, be raised to look at any person or object whatever, and the spectators should be still as the grave. If the eyes have a tendency tc close, he should not strive to keep them open, but let them close. Fol- low nature. In a public audience, when lecturing, you should seat, if possible, a class of thirty persons When the time has expired, collect your coin so as t ECT URSL XI. 211 relieve the class from their wearisome position, and then try each individual, always taking the communi- cation in the manner I have described, and proceed to experiment upon them the same as you do upon those who are naturally in the state. If one sitting do not bring them entirely into the psychological state, then let it be repeated on the next evening, and so continue on till the work is consummated. All, with few ex- ceptions, can be, by perseverance, brought into this state. Some are naturally in it — some are brought into it by one sitting— some by two- -some by three — and some may require a hundred sittings of half an hour each before they can be brought to the participa- tion of this inestimable blessing. No two individuals are alike impressible in any thing whatever, whether it be mental effort, moral power and moral suasion, or physical endurance. Hence we should not be sur- prised, that they all differ from each other as to nervous impressibility in this science, and that, too, in the same ratio as they may differ in their phrenological develop- ments and cerebral excitability. It is enough for us to know an this point that no two individuals are in any respect exactly alike. Having described the electro-magnetic coin which 1 conceive to be the best, under all circumstances, to produce the result, and having directed you how to use it, I would now apprise you, that this state may be in- duced by other substances as agents in nature. It 218 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY* may be induced by fixing the eyes upon a piece of zi&c alone, and observing the directions -already given, li may be induced by a piece of silver, era piece of cop- per, iron, lead, or any other metal. It may be induced by a piece of wood, or any other substance in nature. Or it may be done by a mere mental abstraction, with no substance, only the surrounding elements. But when no substance is used, the process to the state ia slow and tedious. Then, again, there is every possible grade of power from the feeblest substance placed in the hand up to the galvanic battery, which is more powerful than the coin I have adopted as a matter of convenience and utility. The galvanic battery I should prefer, if it could be carried in the pocket, or be ac- cessible to all. If thirty persons should join hands, and the two individuals at the extremes of the line each take a handle of a galvanic battery, and let the current be so graduated as to be but faintly felt, and a greater number would be affected than by any other agent that could be employed. In this case, as in all others, it is to be understood, that the same stillness of muscles, the same fixed position of the eye upon soma object or spot, and the same passivity of mind are to be strictly observed. . The query may now arise in the minds of some of the class — Why should all substances in existence h&ya a greater or less tendency to produce this state % I answer, that electr'city is the great and universal LECTURE XI. 219 •gent ordained by the Creator to form, to transmute* or to decompose all substances that swarm in the em- pire of nature* Hence ail substances in existence throw off a never-ceasing electro-atmospheric emana tion in a greater or less degree, otherwise they could never change. And these emanations by their impres- sions more or less affect all human beings according to the relative position in which they may be placed to receive and feel the force of such impressions. There- fore sleep and wakefulness, health and sickness, pain and ease, and all the various sensations and changes to which the human system is subject, are experienced Hence when we fix our attention upon one substance^ and become mentally and physically passive to surround- ing impressions, we render ourselves, by this volition, relatively negative, as far as in our power, to the pos- itive force of the substance with which we are engaged, and drowsiness, or some other cerebral chaage or phe- nomenon ensues, because by passivity the electro-nerv- ous fluid is supplied through the lungs and stomach for the brain more freely than it is thrown off. But when we resume the activity of our mental and physical energies, we, by this volition and action, become rela- tively positive to the surrounding impressions of all substances in nature, and wakefulness, with all its at- tendant delights, is the result, because by mental and nuscular action we throw off from the brain the electro* 220 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. nervous fluid more rapidly than it is supplied through the lungs and stomach. In order, therefore, to render the subject as simple as possible, and to establish and perpetuate a uniform- ity of procedure in the use of a substance to be placed in the hand, I desire you to insist upon the electro- magnetic coin as being alone sufficient, under the direc- tions given, to induce the state. And I desire you to insist that the pressure on the Median Nerve is alone sufficient to establish a communication between the operator and the subject to perform all the experiments, both electrical and psychological, that this science may involve. Indeed, all substances, so far as their electro- emanating power extends, produce the same effect k, degree as the coin I recommend. Hence, strictly and philosophically speaking, the electro-magnetic coin, as the true mode of inducing the state., is all in all. And as all possibl^modes of obtaining communication, whether by contact or otherwise, must meet in the organ of In- dividuality, through which alL impressions are trans- mitted to the mind, and from the mind, through that same organ, to all the voluntary parts of the body, so there is strictly and philosophically speaking but one mode of taking communication, and hence the Median Nerve is all in all. If, however, you could remember the exposition 1 have given you on this intricate and interesting subject, you would then find no difficulty in defer ding yourself against tin assaults of skeptical LECTURE XI. 221 men. But as it is, 1 must leave you with the two Bim pie forms I recommend — the Electro -magnetic Coif* and the Median Nerve. As the general points of the subject are now dis- tinctly before you, I would next state, that we divide this science, for the sake of perspicuity, into five plans. The first three regard the mediums through which persons are brought into the electro-psycholog- ical state. The first is through Mesmerism. Hence you will call Mesmerism plan number one. The sec- ond is the pressure on the nerve by which we detect those who are naturally in the electro-psychologica. state. This you will call plan number two. The third is the coin by which others are to be brought into this state. The coin you will therefore call plan num- ber three. The fovrth involves all the experiments, whether electrical or psychological^ as a sanative agent, by which those w T ho are already in this state are to be relieved of pain, cured of disease, or prepared for any surgical operation without suffering. This yow will call plan number four. And the fifth^ in order to cure the diseases of those who are not in the stute, involves the application of physical impiesalons upon their bodies, and the administering of remedies, whether externally or internally applied. This you will call plan number five. On each of these five plans I now proceed to impart all the necessan information* and in as clear and concise a manner as \ ossible. 222 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. In regard to Mesmerism, which is plan number one, t would say, that if you desire to mesmerize a person, who has never been put into the state, nor in the least affected, I know of no better mode than to seat him in an easy posture, and request him to be calm and re- signed. Take him by both hands, or else by one hand and place your other gently on his forehead. But with whatever part of his body you may choose to come in contact, be sure to always touch two points, answering to the positive and negative forces. Having taken him by both hands, fix your eyes firmly upon his, and, if possible, let him contentedly and steadily look you in the face. Remain in this position till his eyes close. Then place both your hands on his head, gently pass chem to his shoulders, down the arms, and off at the ends of his fingers. Throw your hands outward as you re- turn them to his head, and continue these passes till he can hear no voice but yours. He is then entirely in the mesmeric state. The reason why I desire you to throw your hands outward on returning them to his head when making the passes is, to avoid waking him by passing them up- ward in front and near to his body. It is a well-known fact, that by the downward passes of an electro-magnet, attached to a galvanic battery, the steel magnet becomes instar.tly charged so as to lift a pound of iron. But by the upward passes it becomes instantly demagnet* feed so that it will lift nothing. By the downward LECTURE &:. 223 passes I mean from the bow or centre of the magnet to the extremities, and by upward passes I mean the reverse, regardless of the position in which the magnet may be held. The same applies to the human being when his mind is left uninfluenced. But if you apprise the subject when in the magnetic state, that the upward passes will not awake him, then by the force of his own mind he can retain his condition, in defiance of all the passes you may make. The mind, when in the mes* meric state, has the power of appropriating electri- city or magnetism to itself, or of rejecting it, at pleasure. In case, however, that the person whom you seat to he mesmerized is not affected, and feels no inclination whatever to close his eyes after fifteen or twenty min utes 5 trial, you will still proceed, as directed, to make the passes, and continue them also for fifteen or twenty minutes. Then take him again by the hands, as at first, and continue this position about the same length of time, then resume the passes, as before directed and continue these two modes of operation alternately till about an hour is consumed at a sitting. Before you leave him, reverse the passes for the space of a minute or so, as though waking him up, even though you see no visible effect produced. On the next day, give him another sitting of an hour ; and so on, day after day, till you get him into the mesmeric state. Remember, that all the influence you produce upon him 224 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY at one sitting, however minute or imperceptible it mal be, he fully retains to all subsequent daily sittings. When a person is in the mesmeric state, whethej put there by yourself or by some other one, take the eommunication by number two and awake him by the upward passes ; or else do it by an impression, as fol- lows : Tell him, " I will count three, and at the same instant I say three I will slap my hands together, and you will be wide awake and in your perfect senses. Are you ready?" If he answer in the affirmative, you will proceed to count — " One, two, THREE P 1 The word three should be spoken suddenly, and in a very loud voice, and at the same instant the palms of the hands should be smitten together. This will in- stantly awake him. Those who are thus aroused from mesmeric slumber to wakefulness are, with fev excep-v tions, in the electro-psychological state, and you can immediately proceed to experiment upon them. Here, then, is an individual who was brought into this state through number one, and he stands in a negative re- lation to you as it regards the doctrine of impressions, and his body is principally charged with negative elec- tricity, which is from the earth, and which alone is sus- ceptible of being successfully controlled. Having given you all the necessary directions how to mesmerize, and how to bring a person into the electro- psychological state through number one, and shown Ihe relation in which he stands to you as the operator; LECTURE XI. 225 f now proceed to instruct you in relation to numbei two. This can be done in a very few words, as it has been already pretty fully noticed. In the first place, you may go into a public audience, or among your social friends, and take one individual after another by the hand, press the Median Nerve, as I have directed, and if you succeed in controlling some one, both physically and mentally, then such individual is recognized as in the electro-psychological state through number two. Though this person has never been mesmerized, nor operated upon, yet he is found to be naturally in the same state, through nimber two, as is the individual who was brought into it through number one. Seat them side by side, and they both feel the same nervous sympathy toward each other, are both charged with the same negative electricity, and both stand in a negativo relation to you as it regards the doctrine of impressions. Take number three, which is the electro-magnetio coin, and place it in the hand of an individual whom you can not affect, as you did either of the persons men- tioned, and subject him to the process of looking at it as T have directed, When the time of the sitting haa expired, take the usual communication, number two, and in case you can control him, both physically and mentally, he is recognized as brought into the electro- psychological state through number three. Here, then, are three individuals in the same state of nerv- ous impressibility, charged with the same negative 10* 226 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. electricity, stand in the same negative relation to you, as it regards the doctrine of impressions, and by the same impression they can all be controlled, collectively or separately, They are all in the electro-psychologi- cal state, but were brought there through three differ- ent plans. But by whatever means individuals may be brought into this state, yet bear in mind, that through number two, either with or without contact, you take the communication, which is the secret, invisible, and subtile link of controlling power, and without which no effect whatever can be produced. Every principle of philosophy is based upon cause, medium, and effect Even the Creator himself, were he completely isolated from this globe, could produce no possible effect upon it, nor upon the inhabitants of its surface, because there would be, in such case, no medium of communication by which he could come in contact with it, or in the least affect its animal and vegetable kingdoms. Touch what nerve you please, or obtain the communication, with or without contact, as you may — I care not how, yet it must be transmitted to the brain through the Median Nebve to the organ of Individuality, and from thence to the mind. Even if you press the ulnar nerve yet it must be by sympathy communicated from this to the Median Nerve, which is much larger, runs paral- lel along the arm with it to the spinal cord, and from thence they both unquestionably pass to the organ, of Individual ty in the cerebrum. They are both con* LECTURE XI. 22? pound nerves, by which we mean, that they are both susceptible of voluntary motion and sensation, being connected with the mind as its agents to transmit the electro-nervous fluid to and from it, and through which it holds a correspondence with the external world. Through this it receives by impressions its messages, and through this by impressions it returns its answers. To take the communication, therefore, by acting directly upon the Median Nerve is far preferable to any other mode, and particularly so upon persons who are not very sensitive or impressible. The more remote we take our communication from this nerve, the longer we must labor to get control, and perhaps often fail, and the more feeble will be our action and impression in producing any interesting, brilliant, and startling ex- periments. The next best mode to get a communica- tion is, as I have uniformly taught, through the ulnab serve, arid is the best mode to conceal the secret from others. I have now briefly noticed the first three plans, through which individuals may be brought into the psy- chological state, and the subtile medium of communica- tion through which they may be controlled by mental impressions. In regard to plan number four I would remark, that as it involves all the experiments, both electrical and psychological, and as I have already suffi- ciently noticed these in giving directions how to perform fchem, so this part of my subject has been anticipate^ 228 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. and is fully before you. Permit me, however, so re* mark, that it may be well for you to know why these experiments are conducive to health, and how it is pos- sible to perform an operation without pain, when the patient is wide awake and in his perfect senses. Thesa two points I will now philosophically explain. Why the experiments, when properly conducted, are conducive to health, is because the mind, by coming in contact with the electricity of the nerves, moves it with a force equal to the impression which the operator makes on the patient, and sends it to that part of the system to wilich the patient's attention is directed. Under its energy the limbs are paralyzed, so that the subject, by all his exertions, is unable to walk, nor when walking is he able to stop, and when seated it is not in his power to rise. His arms, in an instant, are paralyzed, so that he can not move them, or they are set in motion, and he has no power to stop them. By a men- tal impression he is made to see his clothes on fire, or the house falling, and his limbs crushed to pieces. Or he is made to see a lion, a tiger, or a huge serpent close in pursuit to devour him. Or, at pleasure, he may be wrought up to the most supreme ecstasy of joy ana delight, or be made to feel, in the extreme, any other emotion or passion of the soul. These various impres- sions throw the electricity of the nerves to every part of the system w T ith such power as to burst through aU functional obstructions, equalize the nervous force, and LECTURE XI. 229 also the circulation of the blood, and thus remove dis- ease and still pain. It is a well-known fact in medical jurisprudence, that such supreme and sudden excite* ments have often cured rheumatism, and made even the lame walk. On plan number five, which involves the cure of persons who are not in this state, I can say but little. It embraces physical action upon their bodies, accord- ing to the nature of the disease, and impressions upon their minds so far as it is possible to produce them. It involves external applications or internal remedies, as the case may require. In a word, it involves the excel- lences of all medical systems in being, and sums them all up in the supreme beauties of one bright and glo- rious system, and that system is Electro-Curapathy, I now turn to the consideration of the last point I prom« ised to notice. The true philosophical cause, why a tooth can be ex- tracted, or a surgical operation performed, without pain, is, that all feeling or sensation is in the mind, which holds its residence in the brain, and which, as a living being of immortal form, has its spiritual hands, feet, and organs corresponding to those of the body, In- deed, the body, in all its complicated organism, is but a visible daguerreotype picture of the invisible spirit in the brain, and from which it has drawn all its linea ments of form. Strictly speaking, the body itself has uo feeling. If you touch, for instance, the point of a 230 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Deedle to the forefinger, it irritates some minute branch of a nerve of sensation. This irritation disturbs the electricity of the nerve that serves as a telegraph wire along which the disturbed electricity passes, and a shock is produced upon the identical correspondent spot of the forefinger of the spirit, disturbs the harmony of its own beautiful movements in its spiritual sphere, and this impression produces pain. If, then, the communication between the mind and the electricity of the nerve to which you touched the needle could be cut off — if the telegraph wire should be 80 impaired, that the electricity could not pass to the mind to shock it, then no pain could be felt. This is always the case in palsy, when the nerves of sensation are paralyzed. Amputation could then be performed without pain. Now, excitement will cause the same insensibility to suffering and pain, if the impression be sufficiently great to produce it. This is evident, be- cause as there is, in the human system, but a certain amount of feeling, therefore in the same ratio that you excite one part to sensibility the other parts are so far robbed. The following anecdote related to me of Henry Clay will illustrate this. It is as follows : A gentleman on the floor in Congress, in his speech; made a severe personal attack on Henry Clay. Mr. Clay was, at the time, very much indisposed, and considered enable to speak. He whispered to the gentleman who sat next to him* and said, I must answer him, but beg of yoq LECTURE XI. 231 not to let me speak over half an hour. He 3ommeiiccd J and was soon on wing — soaring, and uniting the lan- guage of earth and heaven in his defense, till every period seemed to shake the universe. He was aroused —was excited — his brain stirred proudly. His half hour expired, and the gentleman pulled his coat, but Clay paid no attention to the signal. He kicked his limbs, but it made no impression. He run a pin sev- eral times half its length into the calf of his leg. Clay heeded it not, spoke two hours, sunk exhausted into his seat, and upbraided the sentinel for not stopping him ! He had felt nothing. Excitement called the electricity of his system to his brain, and he threw it off by men- tal effort. In the same degree that sensation was called to his brain the limbs w T ere robbed. Dr. Channing, in his sermon on the burning of the steamboat Lexington, when so many lives were lost, most eloquently explains this very point. He says : u We are created with a susceptibility of pain, and severe pain. This is a part of our nature, as truly as our susceptibility of enjoyment. God has implanted it, and has thus opened in the very centre of our being a fountain of suffering, We carry it within us, and can no more escape it than we can our power of thought. We are apt to throw our pains on outward things as their causes It is the fire, the sea, the sword, or hu- man enmity, which gives us pain. But there is no pain in the nie or the sword, which passes thence into 232 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. our souls. The pain begins and ends in the soul itself, Outward things are only the occasions. Even the body has no pain in it, which it infuses into the mind. Of itself it is incapable of suffering. This hand may b8 cracked, crushed in the rack of the inquisitor, and that burnt in a slow fire ; b it in these cases it is not the fibres, the blood-vessels, the bones of the hand which endure pain. These are merely connected, by the will of the Creator, with the springs of pain in the soul. Here, here is the only origin and seat of suffering. If God so willed, the gashing of the flesh with a knife, fine piercing of the heart with a dagger, might be the occasion of exquisite delight. We know that, in the heat of battle, a wound is not felt, and that men, dying for their faith by instruments of torture, have expired with triumph on their lips* In these cases, the spring of suffering in the mind is not touched by the lacera- tions of the body, in consequence of the absorbing action of other principles of the soul. All suffering is to be traced to the susceptibility, the capacity of pain, which belongs to our nature 5 , and which the Creator has implanted ineradicably within us." I close by remarking, that as the science of Electri- cal Psychology is the doctrine of supreme impress? *)ns, go you will readily perceive why f\ sargical operation **& be performed without pain. LECTURE XII. 238 LECTURE XII. [The, following Lecture upon the science of Genltolog*-, which » as then called Natalology, was delivered, by request, to the La- dies of Troy, N. Y., in the Morris Place Hail, in February, 1844. And, as it belongs to the subject of Electrical Psychology and the great doctrine of impressions that this science involves, it is here inserted in its appropriate place. The Author has generally de* livered it as the last lecture of the course, to his private classes^ when giving them instructions in Electrical Psychology.] Ladies : The purpose for which w* are now assembled is to take into consideration the bcience of Genetology or Human Beauty, as founded upon the doctrine of im- pressions. I contend that the human species can be gradually improved through the harmonious operation of mental impressions, exercised by the mother, and that the time will come when they will be born into existence with just such lineaments of form as we may choose. This is no idle dream — no infatuation of a disturbed brain, but sober reality. Human Beauty has been, m all ages, admired, praised, loved, and desired by the millions of our race. Its charms have been sung by the poet in thoughts that burn ; have taxed the finest inceptions of the artist and the sculptor, and havi 234 EI.huTKICAL PSYCHOLOGY. been made to breathe upon the canvas, and to speak in the marble. The charms of Beauty have been dwelt upon, an I painted by the eloquent orator, and have moved the hearts of all human kind. All know and feel the power of Beauty, and ardently covet the gem. The subject now to be considered is, whether, through the power of the mental impressions of the mother, her unborn child, during the period from con- ception to birth, can be moulded into beauty, and born into existence with those admirable lineaments of form that so much delight „ the beholder. To the candid consideration of this interesting subject I now invite attention. * That the mother can greatly aflect her unborn child is unquestionably true. No one will deny, that by some sudden impulse of mind — such as extreme fear or joy, she has often produced abortion, or else greatly injured her offspring I know of one well-authenti- cated case, where the mother was extremely terrified at a young cub when she was about three months en- ciente. It was her twelfth child, and was born an idiot, while her other eleven children were intelligent and active. It was a boy. He lived to fourteen years of age, and had many actions peculiar to the bear. There are instances, too numerous to mention 5 where human beings have not only acted like, but even tesembled,, some species of the brute or bird race* LECTURE XIJ. 235 And as the uniform testimony of mothers is, that they were frightened during pregnancy by the creature to which the offspring was likened, so no other satisfactory cause ever has been assigned for the effect produced. A wealthy lady, in Boston, was frightened by a par- rot. Her daughter, now ten or twelve years of age, is a mediocre, and her voice and manner of speaking re- semble those of this bird. A lady of my acquaint- ance, on seeing the head of her cosset lamb suddenly crushed, brought forth a son, about six months after this occurrence, whose temples were much pressed in, and the forehead protruded as did that of the injured lamb, yet his intellect was not in the least impaired. A singular circumstance occurred a few years ago in Bunkum County, N. C. A girl w T as there exhibited, who was born w r ith only one leg and one arm. A lady who was about two months advanced in her time, had a strong desire to see this girl. Her curiosity being great, she examined the deformed object with long and unwearied attention. Her friends had to force her, as it were, from the exhibition. She went home, but *y them! There th<8 s^eds of ignorance, if not of vice, arc early sown. How elevited and responsible is the mother's station ! How fatal to the character and welfare of her offspring are ignorance and vice ! How dreadful, how alarming and fearful, to see her resign her fond charge, and commit its destiny, for weal or woe, to such unskilled hands ! She had better resign her child to the silent grave, where, even though her lids are filled with tears, she can yet smile, that its pains are o'er, that its beating pulse is still, its spirit unstained, and its burning brow is cold ! Yes, Ladies, the contempla- tion of this subject is so painful, that I choose to leave you to draw your own conclusions rather than to ex- press my thoughts. True, the pulpit insists on her social and religious rights, because this is popular. But by neglecting to plead in behalf of her civil, her political, and in- tellectual rights it has forgotten her elevated sta- tion and high destiny, fallen from heaven to earth, and, by its fall, crushed the dearest hopes of the philan- thropist for the speedy, intellectual, and moral advance- ment of our race. It will not, and dare not speak in a bold, firm, and un trembling voice in defense of th^s€ rising sciences and improvements of the age, howevn useful, against which the current of popular opinion fctDngly sets. It has ceased to breathe the pure. LECTURE XI!. 25] healthful, and invigorating breezes of Paradise, thai inspire an independent and godlike heroism. Woman is thus, in a voice of pretended mercy, oppressed, and it dare not even rebuke oppression and crime, when slothed in gold and sustained by popular impulse. The pulpit is the great engine of moral power and moral reform. But by neglecting the science of Hu- man Beauty, and the general and extensive education of woman, its energies are in a great degree para- lyzed. But it is destined, by the decree of the Ruling Heavens, to be aroused from its dreadful slumberings upon the monster Popularity, whose breath is con- suming it, and to thunder its energizing and regenera- ting powers for the accomplishment of this great end which involves the moral elevation and the intellectual grandeur of man. TL? scieiKe of Genetolooy, em- bracing the doctrine of psychological impressions, in connection with the gospel of Jesus Christ, is destined to renovate the world and usher in the millennial morn. Extensive combinations are formed, and the most untiring exertions are constantly made to improve, not only the animal, but even the vegetable race. Fruits and grains, in a few years, have been brought to great perfection, by man simply co-operating with nature so as to enable her to make the most favorable im- pressions to produce what is beautiful in her vegetable department. So also in the animal kingdom Horses, ihoep ? and oxen, and even the race of swine, are annti 252 ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. ally improving in form and beauty, and premiums ar€ offered for the finest specimens, both as to symmetry and size. But not a single thought is bestowed as to improving and beautifying the godlike lineaments of the human form. To improve these through the edu- cating of woman, and enlightening her how to make a psychological impression upon her embryo-child, is but to improve the morals of our race. The theme is t great one, and it will require future generations to move it on, and to develop and present it perfect to ^he world. It will be the scroll of Human Beauty jnrolled. This is indeed a sublime hope, l \ Eternal hope ! when yonder spheres sublime Peal'd their first notes to sound the march of tisofc, Thy joyous birth began ; but not to fade When all the sister planets have decayed. When wrapt in fire, the realms of ether glow, And heaven's last thunder shakes the earth telw Thou, undismayed, shalt o'er the ruin smile, And light thy torch at nature's funeral pilo* WORKS ON MAGNETISM. THERE is now an increasing interest in the facts relating to Magnet- ism, etc., and as the people are awakening to the importance ot a knowl - edge of the subject, we present below a list of the most important Works published. How to Magnetize; or, Magnetism and Clairvoyance. — A practical Treat- ise on the Choice, Management, and Capabilities of Subjects, with instruc- tions on the Method of Procedure. By James Victor Wilson. 18mo, paper, 25c. A very complete little Manual on this subject, and containing more than has before been published in so small a space. The Philosophy of Electrical Psychology. B. John Bovee Dods. $1.25. Philosophy of Mesmerism and Clairvoyance. By the same. 50 cts. Fascination; or, The Philosophy of Charming. Principles of Life in con- nection with Spirit and Matter. By J. B. Newman, M.D. $1.00. History of Salem Witchcraft. — A review of Charles W. "Upham's great Work from the Edinburgh Re- view, with Notes ; containing, also, The Planchette Mystery, Spiritual- ism, by Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Dr. Doddridge's Dream. g 125 pp. Cloth, $1. The Planchette itlystery. — Being a Candid Inquiry into the Nature, Origin, Import, and Tendencies of Modern Signs and Wonders. 20c. Medical Electricity, — A Manual Showing the most Scientific and Ra- tional Application to all Forms of Disease of the different combinations of Electricity, Galvanism, Electro- Magnetism, Magneto-Electricity and Human Magnetism. By Wm. White, M.D. $2. These comprise a list of the works we now have on this fascinating subject. Copies will be sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address IHOWX-iEiR, &c WELLS, Fubliskers, 753 Broadway, Now York. Practical Instructions in Animal Magnetism. By J. P. F. Deleuze. Translated by Thomas C. Hartshorn. New and revised ed. Over 500 12mo pp. Price S3. Nearly ready. This is a mo&t comprehensive work, and covers the subject very fully. It has long been out of print, and repeated calls for a work containing practical in- structions, have led to the publication of a new aud revised edition of this valuable book. The Library of Mesmerism and Psychology. — Comprising the Phi- losophy ot Mes.vierism, Clairvoy- ance, Mental Electricity.— Fas- cination, or the Power of Charming. Illustrating the Principles of Life in connection with Spirit and Mattel — The Macrocosm, or the Universe Without: being an unfolding of the plan of Creation and the Correspond- ence of Truths. — The Philosophy oe Electrical Psychology ; the Doctrine of Impressions ; including the connection between Mind and Matter ; also, the Treatment of Dis- ease. — Psychology, or the Science of the Soul, considered Physiologi- cally and Philosophically ; with an Appendix conta ning Notes of Mes- meric and Ps} T chica/ experience, and Illustrations of the Brain and Nerv- ous System. 1 vol. 12mo, extra cloth. $3.50. This work contains several of the smaller works, and also some others which can not be supplied separately. Vital Magnetism ; Its Power over Disease. By Fred. T. Parson. Cloth. $1.25. LIBRARY OF MESMERISM AND PSYCHOLOGY. COMPLETE IN ONE LARGE VOLUME. •* All are but parts of one stupendous whele, Whose body nature is ( and God the soul." Comprising the Philosophy of Meskebism, Clairvoyance, Mental Elbc- tbicitv.— Fascination, or the Power of Charming • Illustrating the Principle! of Life in connection with Spirit and Matter.— The Macrocosm and Micro- cosm, or the Universe Without and Universe Within : being an unfolding of the plan of Creation, and the Correspondence of Truths, both in the World of Sense and the World of Soul.— -The Philosophy op Electrical Psychology; the Doctrine of impressions; including the connection between Mind and Matter; also, the Treatment of Disease.— Psychology, or the Science of the Soul, consid- ered Physiologically and Philosophically ; with an appendix containing notes of Mesmeric and Psychical experience, and illustrations of the Brain and Nervous System. In this Library is embraced all the most practical matter yet written on these deeply interesting, though somewhat mysterious, subjects. Having these works at hand, the reader may learn all there is known of Mesmerism, Clairvoyance Biology, and Psychology. He may also learn how to produce results which the most scientific men have not yet been able to explain. The facts are here recorded, rod the practice or nwdus operandi given. In order to give an idea of the scope of the work, we append a brief synopsis of the table of contents : Charming— How to Charm ; Fascination ; Double Life of Man ; Spiritual States ; Stages in Dying ; Operation of Medicine ; What is Prevision, or Second Sight ? Philosophy of Somnambulism ; History of Fascination ; Beecher on Magnetism ; Electrical Psychology— its Definition and Importance in Curing Disease; Mind and Matter ; The Existence of a Deity Proved ; Subject of Creation Considered ; The Doctrine of Impressions ; The Secret Revealed, so that all may knotf how to Experiment without an Instructor ; Electro-Biology ; Genetology, or Human Beauty Philosophically Considered; Philosophy of Mesmerism; Animal Magnetism; Mental Electricity, or Spiritualism ; The Philosophy of Clairvoyance ; Degrees in Mesmerism ; Psychology ; Origin, Phenomena, Physiology, Philosophy and Psychol- ogy of Mesmerism ; Mesmeric and Physical Experience ; Clairvoyance as appix«d to Physiology and Medicine ; Trance, or Spontaneous Ecstasies ; The Practice and Use of Mesmerism and Circles ; The Doctrine of Degrees ; Doctrine ?i Cor- respondences ; Doctrine of Progressive Development; Law Agency and .Divine Agencj ; Providences, etc., etc., with othei interesting matter. The Library contains several works by different authors, making some Nine Hundred pages, nicely printed and substantially and handsomely bound in one portly lfcmo volume. Price for the work, complete, ore-paid by return of post, $4. Address Fowler & Wells Co., Publishers, 753 Broadway, N. Y. BRiLIET and XXIXTD; OR, MENTAL SCIENCE CONSIDERED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF PHRENOLOGY, AND IN RELATION TO MODERN PHYSIOLOGY. By Henry S. Drayton, A.M.,M.D., and James McNeiix, A.B, Illustra- ted with over 100 Portraits and Diagrams. i2mo, extra cloth, $1.50. This contribution to the science of mind has been made in response to the demand of the time for a work embodying the grand principles of Phrenology, as they are understood and applied to-day by the advanced exponents of mental philosophy, whc accept the doctrine caught by Gall, Spurzheim, and Combe. The following, from the Table of Contents, shows the scope of the work : General Principles; Of the Temperaments ; Structure of the Brain and Skull; Classification of the Faculties ; The Selfish Organs ; The Intellect ; The Semi-Intellectual Faculties ; The Organs of the Social Functions ; The Selfish Sentiments ; The Moral and Religious Sentiments ; How to Ex- amine Heads ; How Character is Manifested; The Action of the Facul- ties ; The Relation of Phrenology to Metaphysics and Education ; Value of Phrenology as an Art ; Phrenology and Physiology ; Objections and Confirmations by the Physiologists ; Phrenology in General Literature. NOTICES 03^ " Phrenology is no longer a thing laugh- ed at. The scientific researches of the bst twenty years have demonstrated the tearful and wonderful complication of matter, not only with mind, but with what we call moral qualities. Thereby, we believe, the divine origin of 'our frame' has been newly illustrated, and the Scriptural psychology confirmed ; and in the Phrenological Chart we are dispos- ed to find a species of * urim and thum- mim,' revealing, if not the Creator's will concerning us, at least His revelation of essential character. The above work is, without doubt, the best popular presenta- tion «of tne science which has yet been made. It confines itself strictly to facts, and is not written in the interest of any pet 4 theory.' It is made very interesting by its copious illustrations, pictorial and narrative, and the whole is brought down to the latest information on this curious and suggestive department of knowl- edge." — Christian Intelligencer ', N. Y. In style and treatment it is adapted to the general reader, abounds with valuable in- struction expressed in clear, practical terms, and the work constitutes by far the best Text-book on Phrenology published, and is adapted to both private and class study. The illustrations of the Special Organs and Faculties are for the most part from portraits of men and women whose characters are known, and great pains have been waken to exemplify with accuracy the significance of the text in each case. For the student of mind and character the work is of the highest value. By mail, posV paid, on receipt of price, $1.50. Address, FOWLER & WELLS CO., Publishers, 753 Broadway, N. Y. T3BE3EI 3PSL3SSS. 41 Whether a reader be inclined to be- lieve Phrenology or not, he must find the volume a mine of interest, gather many suggestions of the highest value, and rise from its perusal with clearer views of the nature of mind and the responsibilities of human life. The work constitutes a com- plete text-book on the subject." — Presby- terian Journal, Philadelphia. " In ' Brain and Mind ' the reader will find the fundamental ideas on which Phre- nology rests fuhy set forth and analyzed, and the science clearly and practically treated. It is not at all necessary for the reader 1 o be a believer in the science to enjoy the study of the latest exposition of its methods. The literature of the science is extensive, but so far as we know there is no one book which so comprehensively as ' Brain and Mind ' defines its limits and treats of its principles so thoroughly, nut alone philosophically, but also in their practical relation to the everyday life of man." — Cal. A dvertiser. G-X^TE3ST _^"W AT o — j o en a CO CO *ervation of Dietetic Material, etc. $i.<*5. 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