STV ^i'^'^ Class^AJB^-? ^c^ Book_^K_^b_ ^-K'^K-^-"- 1^ SCHOOL LAWS OF NORTH caroli:na, AS RATIFIED APRIL 12TH, A. D. 1869, WITH mSTEUCTIONS, FORMS, PLANS OF SCHOOL HOUSES, AND DIRECTIONS FOR ARRANGING DESKS, GROUNDS, - the County Commissioners an estimate of the necessary expenses, and a tax equal to the amount of such estimate- shall be levied on the township by the County Commis- sioners at the same time that the County taxes are levied, and the School Committee, under direction of the County SCHOOL LAW. 19 Commiesioners, shall provide whatever shall be necessary for the schools for four months, and pay all exjtenses for the same out of the funds raised by the tax to be levied or pro- vided in this section. Sec. 26. The Committee shall hire for, and in the name of the township, such teachers as may have been approved as qualified according to law, and shall make witli such teachers a written contract specifying the time for which the teachers are to be employed, the wages to be paid per month, and other agreement witnessed unto by the contracting parties ; and shall furnish the teacher with a duplicate of such contract^ and the original shall be kept on file in the oflice of the Clerk of the township. Sec. 2Y. The commmittee shall give orders on the Treas- urer for the payment of wages due teachers, and every sucfe order shall state the services or consideration for which the order is drawn, and the name of the person rendering such service. Sec. 28. The committee shall annually report to the town- ship the number of schools within their jurisdiction ; the number and condition of school houses ; the length of time the schools have been taught during the year ; the number of male and female teachers, their names and salary per month ; the whole number of youth between six and twenty-one years of age actually resident in the township, according to the latest enumeration made for school purposes ; the number of scholars who attend school during the year, and the average daily attendance, distinguishing between males and females ; amount paid to teachers, amount paid for the rent, repair and improvement of school houses and the buildings and W SCHOOL LAW. grounds pertaining thereto, including lixtures and furniture, and the expense of cleaning and taking care of the same ; the amonnt paid for fuel ; the amount for other purpose ; total expenditures for the year ; titles of text books used ; value and kind of apparatus ; number of volumes in school libraries and their value ; with such explanations, remarks and additional information as the said committee may deem useful. Said report shall be read in open annual township or municipal meeting, and within ten days thereafter, the com- mittee shall forward an attested copy thereof to the County -Commssioners, and to the Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion. Sec. 29. Each School Committee of every County shall annually make an estimate of the amount of money neces- sary to be expended in their jurisdiction for purchasing school house sites, for erecting, renting, repairing and furnishing school houses, for wages of teachers, for fuel or for any other necessary purpose connected with the support of the public schools in said jurisdiction, for a period of not less than four months in each year; and a certified report of said estimate shall be made to the Trustees of the Township and to the County Commissioners ten days before the time for holding the annual or township meeting in each year. Sec. 30. It shall be the duty of each School Committee to make settlement with the County Treasurer at their regular meetings in September annually ; but if, for want of time or other reason, a settlement cannot be made at said session, then it shall be the duty of the committee to appoint a sub- committee, composed of one or more of their own number, to make such settlement as soon as practicable and report the SCHOOL LAW. 21 result to the Clerk of tlie committee, who shall enter an abstract thereof in the records of the committee. Sec. 31. The School Committee of any Township are authorized to make arrangements with the committee of any adjacent township for the attendance of such children as will be better accommodated in the public schools of such adjacent township, and to pay such a portion of the expense of said schools as shall be agreed on, or as may be just and proper. Sec. 32. It shall be the duty of the School Committee to take in the month of June an exact census of all children and youth between the ages of six and twenty-one years. In their returns they shall distinguish between males and females, and between white and colored : they shall take spe- cifically and separately a census of all Indian children between the aforesaid ages, especially of those who live under the guardianship of white persons, with the names of such guar- dians. All children who may be absent from home attending colleges, boarding schools, and any private or public semi- nary of learning, shall be included by the committee in the census list of the township in which their parents or guardians reside, and shall not be taken by the School Committee of the locality where they may be attending such private insti- tutions ot learning. The committee shall further report such other statistics as may be required by the Superintendent of Public Instruction or township committees ; they shall make a full and sworn return thereof on the blanks furnished for that purpose to the County Examiner, on or before the first day of July next after their appointment, and deliver a copy to the School Committee of the township. 22 SCHOOL LAW. Sec. 33. The County Commissioners of each County respec- tively shall, as soon as practicable after the passage of this act, and biennially thereafter, on or before the fourth day of March, appoint some person resident of the County, of good moral character and of suitable attainments, to be styled " County Examiner," who shall hold his office for two years and until his successor shall have been duly commissioned and qualified. Sec, 34. In case the County Commissioners of an}- County shall fail to make the appointment of County Eexaminer, as provided in section thirty-three, the State Superintendent of Public Instruction shall nominate, and the State Board of Education shall make the appointment for the delinquent County. Sec. 35. The County Commissioners shall allow the County Examiner a sum not to exceed three dollars per day for each day of actual service, to be paid by the County Treasurer, out of the school fund, upon the order of the Commissioners, said service to be determined by the County Commissioners. Sec. 3G. The County Examiner shall have power, and it shall be his duty : 1. To examine all who may apply for employment as teachers in his County: of the place and time of holding such examination he shall give notice by advertising in some news- paper, which is either published or has general circulation in the County, or by written posters ; he shall also send such notice to each Township School Committee of the County at least twenty days before the day appointed for examination. The said examination shall be conducted accordins; to rules SCHOOL LAW. 23 «,nd regulations prescribed by the Superintendent of Public Instruction and the State Board of Education. 2. To keep a record of the name and residence of every candidate ; to revoke the certificate of any incompetent or unworthy teacher, and report forthwith the said action to the County Commissioners and the Superintendent of Public Instruction. 3. To rer)ort forthwith to the County Commissioners and School Committees of the County, also to the State Superin- tendent of Public Instruction the name and residence of every -candidate who has received a certificate of approbation. 4. To report to the Superintendent of Public Instruction ■annually, on or before the first day of October, for the school year next preceding, such statistics as may be required by liim, or by the State Board of Education. 5. To enforce the course of study as far as practicable, as provided for in section forty. 6. To enforce the rules and regulations required in the ■examination of teachers. 7. To provide and keep on file one copy each of whatever -school documents may be forwarded to him from the Depart- ment of Public Instruction. 8. To keep a record of his oflicial acts. 9. To carefully preserve all reports of school ofiicers and teachers, and at the close of his oflicial term deliver to his successor all records, books, documents and papers belonging to his office, taking a receipt therefor, which shall be filed in -the ofiice of the County Clerk. Sec. 3Y. The Examiner shall, whenever he deems it neces- sary for the health or comfort of pupils, require the committee 2J{. SCHOOL LAW. of the township concerned, to repair any school buildings or property, or to abate any nuisance in or about any premises. He shall, also, in all cases, require the committee to provide such water closets and out houses as decency and economy require. Sec. 38. The certificate granted by the County Examiner shall be valid only for the County in which it is granted. SCHOOLS. Sec. 39. The School Committee of any township may admit to the public school adults and children not residing therein, whenever good reasons exist for such reception. Sec. 40. Instruction shall be given in the schools ot the several grades as follows, viz : reading, writing, orthography, arithmetic, geography, English grammar, and the Board of Education maj^ require such other studies as may be deemed necessary : Provided, That no such studies shall be pursued to the neglect or exclusion of the studies herein specified, and that thorough instruction shall first be given in all the enumer-^ ated branches. Sec. 41. Eor the purpose of protecting the health of young children, it is hereby provided that no school shall be con- tinued in session more than six hours a day exclusive of inter- mission. Any teacher guilty of a violation of the provisions of this section shall be summarily dismissed by the School Committee. Sec. 42. Minors under guardianship, their father having deceased, may attend the public schools of the township of which their guardian is an inhabitant. SCHOOL LAW. 25 PUPILS. Sec. 43. Pupils shall be admitted into the schools in the order in which they apply to be registered ; and all pupils who may be admitted into public schools shall comply with the regulations established in pursuance of law for the govern- ment of such schools, and shall pursue the required conrse of study, and shall submit to the authority of the teachers of such schools. Con tinned and wilful disobedience and open defiance of the authority of the teachers shall constitute good canse for expulsion from school, and habitual profanit}^ and vulgarity good canse for snspension from school. Any pupil who shall in any way cut, deface, defile or otherwise injure any school house, fences or out-buildings thereof, shall be liable to suspension and punishment ; and the parents or guar- dian of such pupil shall be liable for damages on complaint of the teacher, or of any school officer. TEACHERS. Sec. M. ]^o person who shall teach in any common school of this State without a prescribed certificate shall be entitled to receive for such services any compensation from revenues raised for the support of public schools : Provided, That if his certificate expire by limitation, during the time for which he may be engaged in teaching any school, such expiration shall not have the eifect to interrupt his school or to debar his claim against the school revenues for the payment of teachers' wages. 26 SCHOOL law: Sec. 45. The principal teacher of every common school shall keep a daily register of his or her school, in the manner pre- scribed by the Superintendent of Pnblic Instruction, and indi- cated by the blank school register, to be furnished each school by the School Committee. Sec. 46. l^o teacher shall be entitled to any portion of his or lier salary or wages, nnless such teacher shall have been, employed by a majority of the committee; nor unless the holder of a legal State or County teacher's certificate in full force and effect. Sec. 47. Teachers shall hold each pupil to a strict accounta- bility, in school, for any disorderly conduct on the way to or from school, on the play grounds of the school, or during intermission or recess ; and may suspend from school any pnpil for good cause ; Provicled, That such suspension shall be reported by the teacher, in writing, to the committee as soon as practicable ; and if such action is not sustained by them, the teacher may appeal to the County Examiner, whose decision shall be final, whether for or against expulsion. Sec. 48. In all cases of refusal or revocation of a certificate, the teacher shall have the right of appeal from the County Examiner to the County Committee [Commissioners.] Sec. 49. Any teacher dismissed before the expiration of his or her contract made with any school authority, for alleged unfitness or incompetency, or violation of rules or law, shall have the right of appeal to the County Committee [Commis- sioners] and if such committee [Commissioners] shall decide that the removal was made without sufiicient cause, the teacher so removed shall be re-instated, and shall continue durino' the time of contract. SCHOOL LAW. 27 Sec. 50. The school authorities of each and every township shall establish a separate school or separate schools for the instruction of children and youth of each race resident therein, and over six and under twenty-one years of age ; and such school or schools shall be supported, regulated and instructed in the same manner and to the same extent as any other public school or schools of the same grade. Sec. 51. No person shall be employed to teach any such separate schools who shall not, at the time of such employ- ment, be legally certified as qualified. CAPITATION TAX. Sec. 52. That the State and County capitation tax shall be collected at the same time and place, and by the same persons that State taxes are collected, and that seventy-five per cent, of said State and County capitation tax shall be paid into the State Treasury, as a revenue for the support of public schools. Sec. 53. In addition to the proceeds of the capitation tax, in order that the schools may be continued for the term of four months, the General Assembly hereby appropriates one hundred thousand dollars out of any moneys in the Treasury not appropriated otherwise, and authorize the Treasurer of the State to pay that sum to the County School Treasurer in tlie manner provided for in this act. DISTRIBUTION OF SCHOOL FUNDS. Sec. 54. All State school funds apportioned by the Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, and all County school moneys 28 SCHOOL LAW. apportioned by County Commissioners, sliall be apportioned to the several townships in proportion to the number of school census children between six and twenty-one years, as shown, by the returns of the school census marshals for the next pre- ceding school year : Provided, That the first apportionment after the ratification of this act shall be according to the census taken by County Commissioners in eighteen hundred and sixty eight. Sec. 55. The school money raised by the appropriation required by this act shall be used for no other purpose than the payment of teachers legally qualified and employed under the provisions of this act. Township and County school money may be used by the County Commissioners and Town- ship School Committees, for the various purposes which are. authorized and provided for in this act. DUTIES, LIABILITIES AND CO^IPEK-SATION OF CLEKKS. Sec. 56. The School Committee of each township shall appoint one of their number to be Clerk of the committee. It shall be his duty : 1. To attend the meetings of the committee and to record in a book to be provided for that purpose, all their oflicial proceedings, which shall be a public record, open to any person interested therein , and all such proceedings, when so recorded, shall be signed by the Chairman and Clerk. 2. To sign all orders of the School Committee upon the County Treasurer. Sec. 57. Township Trustees shall allow the Township Clerk the same compensation out of the Township Treasury for SCHOOL LAW. 29 preparing the annual returns of the School Committee to the Board of County Commissioners, and for issuing orders upon the County Treasurer for the payment of teachers, as is allowed for other services of like nature. Sec. 58. In case of failure to perform the duties prescribed iDy this act, the Clerk aforesaid shall be liable in an action for damages on the part of the School Committee of the town- ship. PENALTIES AND DISABILITIES. Sec, 59. Whenever any school officer is superceded by •election or otherwise, he shall immediately deliver to his suc- cessor in office all books, papers and school funds pertaining to his office ; and every such officer, who shall refuse so to do, or who shall wilfully mutilate or destroy any such books or papers, or any part thereof, or shall misapply any funds entrusted to him by virtue of his office, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction, shall be fined at the discre- tion of the Court, not exceeding one hundred dollars. Sec 60. Every person elected or appointed to any office mentioned in this act shall, before entering upon the discharge of the duties thereof, take the oath of office prescribed by the Oonstitution, article six, section four. In case such officer has a written appointment or commission, his oath shall be en- dorsed thereon ; otherwise it may be taken orally. In either case it may be sM^orn to before any officer authorized to administer oaths ; and school officers are hereby authorized to administer the oath required by their respective offices without charge or fee. 30 SCHOOL LAW. Sec. 61. All fines and penalties, not otherwise provided for in this act, shall be collected by an action in any Court of competent jurisdiction. Sec. 62. All cases of disputes in relation to school matters, not properly belonging to Courts of justice, may be referred first to the County Commissioners and appealed to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. THE SUPEEINTENDENT OF PUBLIC ESTSTKUCTION. Sec. 63'. The Superintendent of Public Instruction shall keep his office at the seat of government. He shall provide a seal for his ofiice, and copies of his acts and decisions, and of papers kept in his ofiice, and authenticated by his signature and official seal, shall be of the same force and validity as the original. He shall sign all requisitions on the Auditor for the payment of money out of the State Treasury for public school purposes. Seg. 64. He shall be furnished with such ofiice room, furni- ture, fuel and stationery as shall be necessary for the efiicient discharge of the duties of his ofiice, at the expense of the State. Sec. 65. He shall direct the operations of the system of public schools and enforce the regulations and laws in relation thereto. Sec. 66. He shall report to the Governor annually on the first of November. The Governor shall transmit such report to the Legislature, and, if ordered to be printed, the Secretary of State shall bind one hundred copies and deliver them to the Superintendent, who shall deposit two copies in the SCHOOL LAW. 31 Library of the Department of Public Instruction, and one copy in each University, College and Normal School in the State. The remaining copies shall be distributed, one to the State Library of each State and Territory, and the others to such institutions of learning and persons as he may deem proper. The Legislature shall order at least five thousand pamphlet copies to be furnished the Superintendent, who shall distribute them as he may deem advisable to school officers and other persons in the several Counties. Sec. 6Y. Said reports shall contain a statement of the con- dition of the public schools in the State ; full statistical tables by Counties, showing among other statistics, the number of school children in the State, the number attending public schools, and the average attendance ; the number attending private schools, and the number not attending any schools ; the amount of State School Fund, the sources from which derived and how apportioned, the amount raised by County and township taxes, and from other sources of revenue for public school purposes; the amount expended for salaries of teachers, for building, improving and preserving school houses, a statement of plans for the management and improvement of schools and school buildings, of the condition of the State JS'ormal Schools, of the State Agricultural College, of all incorporated literary institutions required to report to him, of the Educational Department of the State Penitentiary, of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, and of all other Educational Institutions, to which State appropriations may be made. Sec. 68. He shall apportion to the several Counties the school fund to which each may be entitled, and shall furnish S2 SCHOOL LAT^y to] the State Auditor, to each County Treasurer, and to the Commissioners of each County, an abstract of such apportion- ment, and shall draw his order on the State Auditor in favor of each County Treasurer, for the amount of State school fund to which such County is entitled ; and shall take each Treas- urer's receipt for the same. Sec, 69, He shall prepare and cause to be printed suitable forms for making all reports and conducting all necessary proceedings under this act, and shall transmit them to the local school officers and teachers, who shall be governed in accordance therewith. He shall furnish the County Examiner with suitable certificates, and shall prepare a State school register which shall be furnished to each school in the State. He shall cause all school laws to be printed in a pamphlet form, and shall annex thereto forms for making reports and conducting school business ; also the course of study, rules and regulations ; and such suggestions on school architecture as he may deem useful, with such wood cuts and plans of school houses as he may be able to obtain. He shall furnish each school officer and teacher vfith at least one copy of said pamphlet. Sec. "70. The Superintendent of Public Instruction shall at the expiration of his term of office deliver, on demand, to his successor, all property, books, documents, maps, records, reports and other things belonging to his office. MISCELLANEOUS. Sec. 71. No child or youth between six and twenty-one years of age shall be excluded from the nearest public school 'SCHOOL LAW. 33 in the town to which such child or youth belongs, on accoHut of the inability of the parent, guardian or employer of the same, to pay his or her tax, or assessment for any schoo-l pm-- pose whatever. Sec. 72. Any money appropriated to the use of public schools, which shall be applied by a township, or any offieei* thereof, to any other purpose than that specified by law, sluall be forfeited to the State ; and any officer or person who sball fraudulently make a false certificate or order, by which aay money appropriated to public schools shall be drawn from the treasury of the State, or the County, shall forfeit and pay the sum of fifty dollars, and it shall be the duty of the Superai- tendent of Public Instruction to cause a suit to be instituted to recover said forfeitures. Sec. 73. Any citizen legally chosen or appointed who shall refuse to be qualified, or to discharge any duty imposed by this or any other act in relation to public schools sball forfeit the sura of ten dollars, to be collected by the Treasure!' of the Township in which such person resides, and paid into the County Treasury. Sec. 74. Every person who shall wilfully interrupt or dis- turb any public or private school, or any meeting lawfully and peaceably held for the purpose of literary or scieDtific improvement, either within or without the place where suci school or meeting is held, or of injuring any school building, or of defacing any school furniture, apparatus or otlier prop- erty, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, shall be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars at the discretion of the court. Sec. 75. With the consent of the School Committee firet 3 34 SCHOOL LAW. obtained, minors between the ages of six and twenty-one jears may attend school in Townships other than those in which their parents reside. Sec. 76. The School Committee shall not allow any child to be admitted to, or connected with, the public schools, who is affected by any contagions or loathsome disease. Sec. 77. Every member of the School Committee, under whose directions a child is excluded from a public school, and every teacher of the school from which a child is excluded shall, on application by the parent or guardian of such child, state in writing the grounds and reason of such exclusion. Sec. 78, A child, unlawfully excluded from any public school, may recover damages therefor in a civil action, to be brought in the name of such child by his guardian or next friend against the Township by which such school is sup- ported. Sec. 79. A school day shall comprise six hours exclusive of recess ; a school month, twenty days, exclusive of the first and last day of each week ; a school term, four months. Sec. 80. The school year shall commence on the first day of October, and close on the thirtieth day of September. Sec. 81. All acts and resolutions heretofore enacted relating to common schools and the Literary Fund, and all other acts inconsistent with this act are hereby repealed. Sec. 83. This act shall be in force from and after its rati- :fication. Katified the 12th day of April, A. D. 1869. STUDIES AND RULES FOR EXAMINATION OF TEACHERS. STUDIES. "COURSE OF STUDIES PKESOBIBED FOR THE FREE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF NORTH CAROLINA. 1. Reading, Writing, Orthography, Arithmetic, Geography, lEnglish Grammar. (School Law, Section 40.) 2. History of the United States, Physiology, Algebra, ITatural Philosophy, Botany, Chemistry, Book-keeping and Elocution. (Ordered by the Board of Education. See School Law, Section 40.) GRADES OF SCHOOLS. The Board of Educatioil have : Ordered^ That whenever it is practicable the schools of the ^State be graded as follows, viz : 1st, High ; 2d, Grammar ; ^d, Primary. Also, that the studies of the expected grades be as follows, "V'iz: Pbuviary or 3d Grade. — Charts, Primer, 1st Eeader, 2d Reader, Primary Arithmetic, Primary Geography, Writing on iSlate, Singing. 36 STUDIES. Geamjviae ok 2d Grade. — 3d Eeader, 4th Eeader, Speller and Definer, Spelling by Writing, Writing in Books, Intel- lectual Arithmetic, Written Arithmetic, Advanced Geography, English Grammar, History, Physiology, Map Drawing, Eng- lish Composition, Elocution, Singing. High oe 1st Gkade. — ith Header, 5th Eeader, Spelling by Writing, Advanced Arithmetic, English Grammar, Algebra, JSTatural Philosophy, Astronomy, Chemistry, Physical Geog- raphy, Botany, Composition, Elocution, Map Drawing, Book- keeping, Singing. TEST BOOKS. To be used in the public schools of JSTorth Carolina as pre- scribed by the Board of Education, (School Law, Section 3,) viz : EEADEKS A2^D SPELLERS. Parker and Watson's Primer. Parker and Watson's First Eeader. Parker and Watson's Second Eeader, Parker and Watson's Third Eeader. Parker and Watson's Fourth Eeader. Parker and Watson's Fifth Eeader, Willson's Fifth Eeader, Parker and Watson's Elementary Speller, Parker and Watson's Pronouncing Speller. STUDIES. 37 AEITHMETICS. Davies' Primary Arithmetic, Davies' Intellectual Arithmetic. Davies' Elements of "Written Arithmetic. Davies' Practical Arithmetic. GEOGEAPHIES. Monteith's First Lessons in Geography. Monteith's Introduction to Manual of Geography. ' Monteith's Physical and Intermediate Geography. Guyot's Common School Geography. Mcl!Tally's Complete Geography. GEAMMAK. Harvey's Elementary Grammar. Harvey's Practical Grammar. HISTOEY. Monteith's Youth's History of the United States. Beer's System of Penm anship, (12 ISTo's.) S8 RULES OF EXAMIJiATIOM. EULES FOE THE EXAMmATION OF TEACHEES.. The Board of Education have adopted for the guidance of School Examiners, rules as follows : (School Law, Section 3.) 1. That there shall be two grades of Teacher's Certificates, viz : No. 1, and No. 2. 2. Every candidate must pass a satisfactory examination in- each study named in the certificate applied for. 3. No certificate shall be valid after one year from the date- thereo!f. DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION AND OF STATE OFFICERS. I. BOARD OF EDUCATION. (See School Law, Sections 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 34, 36, (1,) (4.) II. STATE AUDITOR. (See School Law, Sections 1, 4, 8, 9.) ni. PUBLIC TKEASUREK. (See School Law, Sections 1, 5, 6.) IV. SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. (See School Law, Sections 54, 62 — 70, inclusive.) V. TEACHERS. (See School Law, Sections 44—51, inclusive.) VI. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. 1. To exercise a general snj>evvision and control of the Schools, and of the levying of taxes in the County. (Consti- tution, Article YII, Section 2.) 2. To direct the establishment and maintenance of Schools in the election precincts of whatever Counties are not men- 40 DUTIES OF OFFICERS. tioned in the " Act Concerning Townships," ratified April 12th, 1869. (See School Law, Section 22.) ■3. To assess and levy Township School Taxes. (School Law, Sections 10, 25.) 4z. To condemn land for school purposes. (School Law, Section 19.) 5. To order Township Committee to build school houses and provide for schools in a certain exigency. (School Law, Section 25.) C To approve all drafts of the Township Committee upon the County Treasurer. (School Law, Section 23.) 7. To take bond of the County Treasurer for all Township school funds that may come into his hands. (School Law, Section 81, (1.) 8. To enforce penalties for neglect of duty. (School Law, Section 20.) i). To appoint County Examiner. (School Law, Section 23.) 10. To decide cases of appeal from decision of County Ex- aminer. (School Law, Sections 48, 49.) 11. To apportion to Townships tlie Public Scliool money which comes to the County from the Public Treasury, in pro- portion to the School Census children between six and twenty-one j^ears of age, the first apportionment to be accord- ing to census of 1868. (School Law, Section 54.) YII. COUNTY TKEASTJKES. 1. Hold all school moneys as a special deposit, and keep an account with each Township. (School Law, Section 11, (2.) DUTIES OF OFFICERS. 11 2. Pay the orders of Township Clerk approved by School Committee. (School Law, Section 12.) 3. Pay Teachers. (See School Law, Section 13.) 4. Make Annual Eeport to Superintendent of Public Li- struction. (School Law, Section 14.) 5. To pay all moneys belonging to Public School Fund, and seventy-five per cent, of the State and County Capitation Tax, to the Public Treasurer, (School Law, Section 52.) VIII. COUNTY EXAMINEE. 1. Per diem not to exceed three dollars, to be paid from the County School Fund, not from money received from the State Treasurer. (School Law, Sections 35, 55.) 2. Term of office two years, and until his successor is appointed. School Law, Section 33.) 3. To examine teacheis according to rules and regulations on page 38. (School Law, Section 36, (1.) 4. To give notice of the time and place of holding examina- tions. (School Law, Section 36,(1.) 5. To make report according to the Forms published here- with. 6. To place on file school documents and keep a record of all official acts. (See Form, page .) 7. To carefully inspect the schools of the County, and to require repairs, the abatement of nuisances and provision of proper out houses. (School Law, Section 37.) 8. To revoke the certificate of any incompetent teacher. (School Law, Section 36, (2.) 4^ DUTIES OF OFFICERS. IX. TOWNSHIP SCHOOL COMMITTEES. 1. It is the duty of the Township School Committee ta assemble and be qualified within fifteen days after their election. 2. To elect at the first meeting a Chairman and Clerk. 3. To provide the Clerk with a book of record, in which shall be kept all the official proceedings of the Committee. (School Law, Section 56, (1.) 4. To cause all the official proceedings to be signed by the Chairman and Clerk. (School Law, Section 56, (1.) 5. To make within one month after their term of office commences, in writing, a report to the County Commissioners of the number and condition of school houses in their Town- ship. Penalty for neglect of this duty five dollars for each delinquent member of the Committee. (See School Law, Section 20.) 6. To prepare a map of the Township, which shall designate the location of the several schools. (School Law, Section 21.) 7. ISTo school must continue in session more than six hours a day, exclusive of recess. (School Law, Section 41.) 8. Schools are not to be in session on Sunday or Saturday. A school month consists of twenty days, a school term of four months. (School Law, Section T9.) 9. Make settlement with the County Treasurer in Septem- ber annuall}'. (School Law, Section 30.) 10. Make arrangement with Committee of an adjacent Township for accommodation of pupils residing near the borders of the Township. (School Law, Section 31.) 11. To exclude from school any child or youth, who is DUTIES OF OFFICERS. 43 affected bj any contagious or loathsome disease. (School Law, Section Y6.) 12. All reports should be made promptly. X. CLEEK OF THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE. 1. To be qualified. (School Law, Section 60.) 2. To keep a legible and accurate record of the proceedings of the School Committee and sign each day's proceedings. (School Law, Section 56, (1.) 3. To sign all orders of the School Committee upon the County Treasury. (School Law, Section 56, (2.) 4. To prepare the annual returns of the School Committee to the County Commissioners. (School Law, Section 57.) 5. To faithfully deliver the books and papers belonging to his office to his successors. (School Law, Section 59.) FORMS. The following forms are submitted, in order to assist those -who hold office under the Constitution and the school law, and to secure a uniformity of practice and of reports. They are believed to conform to law, and to be safe precedents : 1. Certificate of Election of School Officers. To of township in the County of , State of North Carolina : This certifies that you, the said , were, at a town- ship meeting, held on .... day of , A. D., 18 ... , elected to the office of ScBool Committee of said township, and are, by virtue of said election, fully authorized and empowered to discharge all the duties of said office, and to exercise all the powers thereto belonging according to law. By order of the Commissioners of County, State of North Carolina. Witness my hand, and the seal of said County hereto affixed by me, this .... day of , A. D. 18 . . . . Register and ex officio Cl'k of B'd of Co. Com. 46 FORMS. 2. Appointment of School Examiner. Office of County Commissioners, ^ County, ,18 Being satisfied that is competent to act as School Examiner for this County, under the " Act to provide for a system of Public Instruction," ratified April 12, A. D., 1869, we do hereby appoint him to said oflBce for the term of two years from date, and until his successor shall be appointed. The pay of the aforesaid Examiner is hereby fixed at per day. r -| Commissioners. [Seal.] 3. Engagement of School Officers. {School Law^ Section 60.) Before the subscriber personally appeared , and took the following oath : I, , do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and maintain the Constitution and laws of the United States, and the Constitution and laws of North Carolina not inconsistent therewith, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of my office. So help me God. A. B. Township of , County of , the .... wing contract is this day entered into between the ■School Committee (or County Commissioners) of township (of the County,) of and The said committee have engaged the said •as a teacher of school ISTo , in said township from the day of , and agree to pay him (or her) the sum per month. The said agrees to give instruction in the studies mentioned in grade certificate to such scholars as may attend the said school during the said term ; to faithfully discharge the duties Jf8 FORMS. required by law of scliool teachers ; and at the end of the term to furnish the said committee with the register of the school, said register having been kept according to law. In witness whereof, the said School Committee (or Commis- sioners,) and the said have hereunto set their hands and seals, this .... day of , IS . . Note. — A du}3licate of this contract must be furnisiied to the teacher, and origmal placed on file in the office of the township Clerk. (School Law, Sec- tion 26.) 6. Payment of Teachers. The committee shall give orders on the County Treasurer for the payment of wages due teachers, and every such order must state the services or consideration for which the order is^drawn, and the name of the person rendering such services. (See School Law, Section 11 and 27.) FOKM OF DRAFT. Township , in the County of To , Treasurer of said County : Pay to the sum of for " services as a FORMS. A9 teacher of school ^o , in township for at dollars per month. Clerk of School Committee. ,18-. -Approved and ordered : 1 I \ Committee. TSToTE 1. A draft should never exceed the sum theia due to the teacher. 2. Every draft must be ordered and approved hj the School Committee. 3. Every order in favor of a school teacher must be accompanied by a report from the School Committee^ stating the name of the teacher and the length of time for which the school was kept during the current year. The teacher must exhibit to the Treasurer a regular certificate from the ■County Examiner, dated within one year after the date of the draft or order, .(School Law, Section 13.) 7. Draft for Building, Exj^enses, (&g. DKAFT. Township, County of "^f^ • • Treasurer for the aforesaid County. ^aj to , the sum of jqq dollars for ex- 4 50 FORMS. pense incurred in (here state the occasion of the expense,) as- per annexed bill. 1 [>■ Cornmitte^. I J ,18.. ISToTE 1. The above draft miist be appvoved by the County Commissioners, before it is presented to the Coimty Treasin-er, 2. Such drafts can only be paid fi'om moneys which belong to tlie township, i. e. from moneys whicli are raised by taxes on the township. 3. State apportionments must be expended in the payment of teachers- exclusively. (School Law, Section 55.) 8. Committees Annual Estimate. To the Trustees of Township, County of The undersigned, School Committee of township, in the County of , respectfully submit the following estimate of the amonnt of money necessary to sustain the public schools in said township for the period of months during the school year commencing with October 1st, IS. . . ., and closing with September 30th, IS. . . . STATEMENT OE ESTEMATE. Teachers Wages, Building, Rent, Repairs, Furniture, Apparatus, Fuel. Contingent Expenses, CEJSTTS. FORMS. 51 We hereby certify the above estimate to be correct, accord- ing to our belief and knowledge. Dated this .... day of , IS . . - Committee. Note 1.— This estimate must be certilied and forwarded to tlie Trustees of the township and to the County Commissioners ten daj^s before the annual township meeting of each year. (School Law, Section 29.) 2. In case tlie township fails at any annual meeting to provide for schools to be taught at least four months of that year the fact should be endorsed on a copy of the estunate and forwarded to the County Commissioners. (School Law, Section 25.) 9. Annual census hy the Committee of township, in the County of .... , North Carolina. NUMBER OF PERSONS IN THE TOWNSHIP BETWEEN 6 AND 21 YEARS OF AGE. WHITE. COLORED. INDIAN. 1 REMARKS, o o O XI -^ O o a 3J cS % 03 Fein • .52 ■ FORMS. NUMBEK OF INDIAN CHILDREN TJNDEE GUAEDIANSHIP, NAME OF SUCH CHILDREN, NAME OF GUARDIAN. We do hereby certify that the above census is correct accordino- to our belief and knowledo-e. Committee . jtqtj.^ — The to-wnship scliool census mvist be taken anmially in the month^of June, and a sworn return made to the Trustees of the township and to the County Commissioners, on or before the first day of July. (School Law, Sec- tion 82.) FOE SCHOOL EXAMINER. 10. Notice of time ani ^lace for the eocaminaiion of teachers. jSTotice is hereby given that the Sc^icol Examiner of ■county will hoM an examination of candidates for teachers of -common schools in said count v, at on .... of . FORMS. 53- Eacli applicant for a certificate is requested to be punctually present. Examiner. 18.. The above notice must be advertised either in some news- paper which is published, or has general circulation in the county, or by written (printed) posters ; also must be sent to each township. School Committee of the county at least twenty days before the day appointed for examination, (See School Law, Section 36 (1.) 64 FORMS. O o ft p4 a Studies examined in. M'Buacn'BJ-t) •i!qdBJ§08£) •oi:^aaiq;i,iY •:3'ui:|u^Y •SuipBe^ •i!qdBjSor[:^jQ •pauiurexa sauiij;, •GSUodxg;.i. ' ■sSy P3 "" C ?i f4 FORMS. 55 O I— I < Q m « P^ 'UOp'B 11111113X9 UT poTcInooo sA'up jo joqiiuij^ Gkand Total. o < O O •sopiug^ ■p98nj9^j •[39:;n'Ba-c) •p9snj9^ S9[BJ\[ •p9;uBjJc) a5 •891131119^ •p9snj9H •pg^ire.TX) •sgiupf ■p98nj9^ •p9:^iii3j-{c^ O o •S9 [131119 J •S9I13J,\[ 0) -l-J •S9[13LU9j[ 'S8I^JM •p9ni ■89 [13 TO 9^ ■sai^K 56 FOBMS. 12. Heport of County School Examiner^ {School Law^ Section -i.) Report of County School Examiner of County,, N. C, to the Superintendent of Public Instruction for the school year ending September 30, IS.... (To be- forwarded on or before the first day of October.) 1. Number of meetings held for the examination of teachers during the year, ^ 2. ISTumber of localities in which meetings were held during the year, ^ 3. Is^umber of applicants for certificates, number of certifi- cates granted and number of applications rejected, race and* nativity of applicants. Whole No. of applications for certificates. No. of certifi- cates granted. Applications rejected. No. of colored applicants. No. of applicants^ natives of this State. e5 ■3 , o 6 "3 Female. Total. 6 "3 c5 1 o "3 6 "3 3 O "3 6 "3 i •3 o - FORMS. 57 4. ISTumber of applicants for certificates, 5. Munber of different applicants to whom no certificate was granted, 6. JSTumber of applicants under 20 years of age, 7. Were oral or written answers required of applicants ? 8. Were the questions presented orally or in writing? •. 9. Whole number of Townships in the County, 10. Whole number of schools in the County, white • , colored , 11. Mimber of schools continued longer than four months, 12. JSTumber of grades schools, I^umber of first grade, Number of second 2:rade, jSTumber of third grade, 13. JSTumber of ungraded schools in the County, 14. JSTumber of school houses in the County, 15. The material of which the houses are built, 16. Number of school houses built during the year, 17. Cost of houses built during the year, 18. Cost of furnishing new houses, 19. JSTumber of Teachers' Institutes held in the County during the year, 20. Name of President or Secretary of County Teachers Association, 58 FORMS. 21. Amount paid County Examiner for services during the year, I certify the foregoing to be correct. County School Examiner. K'ortli Carolina, 18.. 13. Revocation of Teacherls CeHificate. To the School Committee of Township, County, K C: Whekeas, on the day of , 18 . . , a certificate was granted to , authorizing him (or her) to teach orthography, &c., for the term of one year, and he (or she) is now engaged as a teacher in said Township ; And whereas, it has been reported, and I have become sat- isfied, that is an unfit person to be retained as such teacher, in consequence of ijiere state the offence^ Therefore you are hereby required to discharge and dismiss said from his (or her) said employment, as his (or her) said certificate is hereby revoked. School Examines. ,18.. Note. — (1.) A teacher's certificate may be revoked when he is not engaged as a teacher. (2,) Report of said revocation must be made forthwith to the Count}- Com- missioners and the Superintendent of Public Instruction. [School Law sec- tion 36,] (2.) FORMS. 59 14. ' Form of Teacher's Certificate., Prescribed hy the Board of Education. {School Law Section 3.) TEACHER S FIRST GRADE CERTIFICATE. No. Know all men by these presents, that having furnished satisfactory evidence of good moral character and passed an examination in Orthography, Eeading, Writing, Geography, History and English Grammar, Book-keeping, Algebra and Natural Philosophy, is hereby authorized to teach in the public schools of County, for one year from the date hereof, unless this certifi- cate be annulled. Given under my hand, and seal of the Board of Commis- sioners of said County, (m the day of , in the year of our Lord, eighteen hundred and Examiner. 15. Teacher's Second Grade Certificate. Know all men by these presents, that having furnished satisfactory evidence of good moral character and passed an examination in Orthography, Eeading, Writing, Arithmetic, Geography, History and English Grammar, is authorized to teach in the public schools of County, for one year from the date hereof, unless this certificate be annulled. 60 FORMS. Given under my hand and the seal of the Board of Couutj Commissioners of said County, on the day of in the year of our Lord, eighteen hundred and Exmniner. DESCRIPTION OF SCHOOL HOUSES, TKOM PLANS AND DRAWINGS ISSUED BY THE STATE SUPEEINTEN- DENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION AND APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF EDUCATION. These plans and drawings, with specifications, can be obtained from the State Superintendent's office. Ever}' school house should be provided with blackboards, attached to the wall behind the teacher's desk, or in other "j)Ositions convenient for the pupils. School House ISTo. 1, House ISTo, 1 is a frame house, 24x24 feet from outside to out- ^side, and 12 feet high to the square, with an arched ceiling. 62 SCHOOL HOUSES. Plan of House ITo. 1. It has a vestibule 15x8|- feet from outside to outside. The windows are hung on sash cords and axle pulleys, for conve- nience in veutilating the room. There is a iloor register placed under the stove for the admission of fresh air. The main room will take in the platform for teacher's desk and four rows of double desks, which will accommodate fifty pupils. A bookcase can be fixed between the doors at the lower end of the room, with lock and key, for safe keeping of books, stationery, &c. The vestibule is supplied with shelves and hat-pins or hooks, waterbench and washstand. SCHOOL HOUSES. 63 School House No. 2. House JSTo. 2 is a frame house, 2-ix36 feet from outside to out- side, 14 feet high to the scpare, with an arched ceiling. SJi- SCHOOL HOUSES. Plan of House No. 2. The yestibule is 15x8^ feet from outside to outside. The whole building is iinished in the same manner as that of Fio^ure 1, and will accommodate seventy-five pupils. SCHOOL HOUSES. 65 yA^M School House No. 3. Figure 3 is a brick house, 2tt|-x37 feet from outside to out- side, and 14 feet high to the square, with an arched ceiling. The vestibule is 15|-x9 feet. The provision for ventilation and the interior arrangements, are the same as that of figure 2, and the room will accommo- date seventy-five pupils. School House No. 4. $ ^SB SCHOOL HOUSES. Figure 4 is a stone house, 26x38 feet from outside to outside, and 14 feet liigh to tlie square', with an arched ceiling. The vestibule is 16^-xlO feet from outside to outside. This building is finished in the same manner as that of -house ISTo. 3, and has accommodation for seventy-five pupils. School House Ko. 5. Figure 5 is a frame house, 24|-x46 feet from outside to out- .side, and 14 feet high to the square, with an arched ceiling. SCHOOL HOUSES. 67 1 one The vestibule is 15x 8| feet from outside to outside. The main building is divided bj a sash parti- tion into two rooms — one 24x28 feet; the other 24x18 feet. The sashes are hung upon cords and pulleys, and may be raised so as to throw both rooms into When the sashes j are down, the noise from I one room is entirely i shut out from the other ; I but the Principal can i overlook the Assist- ; ant's room through the i glass partition. Each ; of the rooms is ventil- : ated and furnished in I the same manner as the building before de- scribed. This house w^ill accommodate one hundred pupils. Plan of House Ko. 5. In all cases when two-story or larger houses pre required, special plans and drawings will be prepared. 68 SCHOOL HOUSES. r I 1 1 1 1 1 " I I School Koom 28i-x23 feet, for 35 Pupils, ^vitli Single^Desks. The divisions in the ro-ws represent the spaces ' occupied by the desks and seats. Single desks occupy 2 feetTin'front by 2J- in the row ; inside aisles 3|- feet ; outside aisles 3,feet. Teach- er's platform 5x6 feet. SCHOOL HOUSES. 69 A diagram showing the arrangement of School Rooms for 42, 48, 56 and 64 pupils, with double desks. Also, the size .and position of the Teacher's room and ante rooms adjoining. Full sized double desks occupy a floor space equal to 4 feet in front by 2^ feet in rear. The side aisles 3|- feet wide ; 70 SCHOOL HOUSES. inside aisles 2 feet ; rear aisle, 3 feet ; teacher's platform, 5- feet. The size of the teacher's room and ante-rooms are- shown in the engraving. Plan of School House for Foett-two Pupils. — Forty- two pupils will require twenty-one double desks. The most convenient form of arrangement is to divide them into three rows, of seven in a row. These are indicated by the contin- uous lines. Those with dotted lines have reference to other plans. Allowing for aisles and platform as above, the size of the plan is 28-| by 23 feet. Each pupil and the teacher will have an average area on the floor of fifteen square feet. Th& height of the ceiling should be 12 feet. This gives 180 cubic feet of air to each occupant of the room. The ante-rooms are 8 by 6 feet ; teacher's room, 6 by 7 feet. Outside measurement^ 36 by 24 feet. Plan of School House for Forty-eight Pupils. — The size of the room is 30|- by 23 feet. Outside measurement of plan is 38 by 24 feet. The height of ceiling should be 13 feet. Plan of School House for Fifty-six Pupils. — To lengthen* the room would make it disproportionate for its width. It is- better to bring the rear wall to its former position, making- the sides 28|- feet in length, and extend on the right, as repre- sented in the cut by the heavy dotted line, far enough ta give space for another row of desks, (4 feet,) and aisle, (2 feet,) making its size 28-| by 29 feet. Eemove the teacher's plat- form 3 feet to the right. Extend the front wall 2 feet to give opportunity for enlarging the ante-room and the teachers* room. The ante-rooms are 8 by 8 feet, and the teachers' are 13 by S feet. The ceiling should be 13^ to 14 feet nigh. SCHOOL BOUSES. 71 Plan of School House foe sixtt-fouk Pupils. — Follow- ing out the same mode of enlarging as before, we remove the rear wall two feet and get room for another desk at each of the four rows, indicated in the cut by dotted lines. Each row now contains eight double desks, at which sixty-four pupils may be accommodated. The room is 30^ by 29 feet. Out- side measurment 40 by 30 feet. Ceiling 14 feet high.r Table of School Eooms, showing sizes required for the different desks to seat a given number of pupils. The side aisles, are 3-| feet ; inside aisles, 2 feet ; rear aisles, 3 feet ; front aisle and platform, 8 feet ; space allowed a desk in row, 2^ feet. Desks No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. Length. 4 ft. in. 3 ft. 10 in, 3 ft. 8 in. 3 ft. 6 in. Size of Eoom, 42 28>^ by 23 ft. 42 28^by22i^by21i^ by 28K ft. 28^ by 27=3 ft. 28X by 27 ft. Size of Eoom. 31 by 29 feet. 31 by;28X feet. 31 by 27% feet. 31 by!27 feet.— 72 SCHOOL HOUSES. o t— i 'o o 'o be o bD SCHOOL BOUSES. 73 A good log house will last a generation. The main build- ing is 34 by 30 feet, with a lean to of eight feet, sub-divided into a teacher's room and ante-rooms ; pitch of roof 17 feet ; projection of eaves 3 feet ; height of ceiling 13 feet. Select timber which will last well when exposed to the weather. The logs should be 10 to 12 inches in diameter. The sills might be heavier, say 16 inches squared, hollowed at the ends and pinned, or, better, spiked with 60 penny nails. The floor timbers are morticed with the sills and supported in centre by a beam. The ceiling, joists and rafters are lighter, say 7 inches. The joists may be stayed to the rafters to pre- vent their settling. Still smaller sticks may be used for the partitions, say 4 or 5 inches in diameter. There are several ways of making the partitions. One is to lay the logs horizontally between two standards or upright posts at each end. Another is, plough out a groove in larger sticks, say two inches deep. Set up one at each end of a par- tition and for door posts. Hew down the ends of the stuff for partitions so they will fit nicely into the groove. This done, put them in their places. They should be smoothly payed on each side with stiff clay, or chinked in the ordinary way. They may also be made of tongued and grooved inch and a quarter stuff, set upright, run into grooves in a head piece above and fixed by strips nailed each side at the bottom. Let the roof project far over the sides to shield them from the. storms and hot sun. The ceiling may be covered with boards, battened, and the whole inside whitewashed. It is better, however, to lathe and p laster,^when lime, sand and hair are obtainable. Then, with good furniture the establishment may well challenge our 7^ SCHOOL HOUSES. pride. On such a house not over two hundred dollars in money need be expended to accommodate fifty to sixty-four pupils. The finial (the ornament on the peak of the roof,) should be made of some regularly branching sapling, the limbs trimmed to even lengths. Plan of Log School House for sixty pupils. Description of Plan. — A, School room, 32x28 feet. B, Boys' ante-room, 8x7 feet. 0, Girls' ante-room, 8x7 feet. D. Teacher's ante-room, 11x7 feet. Size of desk to be used ISo. 3. Side aisles, 3^ feet. Centre aisle, 2| feet. Eear isle, 4 feet. Outside measurement, 31x30 feet. By using desks size No. 3, the aisles will be of good width, The first tier of seats should be set about five feet from the SCHOOL HOUSES. 75' back end. Should it be preferred to have the girls and boys enter their ante-rooms from separate yards on either side of the building, this can be attained by changing the doors from the front to the sides, and placing the windows in front. Tha garret over the school room is large. There should be a trap door in the ceiling and a ladder to ascend to the garret. On one side of the chimney a stationary Venetian blind should be- placed, to be used in connection with the window in the other- end, to allow the air to escape that may become heated in summer or vitiated from any cause. If care be taken in the construction, and then, the finishing include lathing and plas- tering, as well as ventilating and lighting in ;i proper manner, the log school house will do well for many years. The appearance of the building will be decidedly improved by a good coat of paint in such colors as will present a pleasing and striking contrast. ^ %*i^ Design for a plain country School House. 76 SCHOOL HOUSES. This house corresponds in style and general construction to the requirements of a school of thirty-five, forty-two, forty- eight, fifty-six or sixty-four pupils. The ground plan is described on pages 68, 69, TO. _5z7Z of materials and loorlifoT school house 40x30/6^^;, ceili7ig 14: feet, pitch of roof "i^feet. Feet. Frame, 2x6 inches, 1,600 feet long, 1,600 Partitions, 3x4 inches, 560 feet long, 560 Sills, 6x8 inches, 140 feet long, 560 Plates, 3x6 inches, 140 feet long, 210 Floor timbers, 30 pieces, 3x10 inches, 30 feet long, 2,250 Bearing beam, 1 piece, 6x8 inches, 40 feet, 160 Ceiling joists, 13 pieces, 3x8 inches, 30 feet long, 780 Kafters, 28 pieces, 3x8 inches, 20 feet long, 1,120 Flooring, (surface measure,) 1,200 Pvoof Boards, 1,600 "Wainscoting, 600 Boards for finishing, 1,500 Total, 14,340 Shingles, 14,000 Laths, 6,000 Plastering, yards, 470 Brick, (8x4 by 2 inches,) 1,500 "Windows, 9 X)oors, 4 SCHOOL HOUSES. 77 Nails, kegs, 10 Carpenter's work, days, , 320 Mason's work, days, 44 The specifications wMcii follow give some different sizes for the timber from the above. Either will answer. The me- chanic will exercise his choice in that regard. The size fixed upon should be stated in the specifications. Specifications for school huilding of wood, one story high, thirty feet front and rear, and forty from front to rear, to finish fourteen feet high in the clear of floor and ceiling when done. TiMBEE. — Floor beams, 3x8 inches, placed 20 inches from centres, and will rest on 7 by 9 bearing beam, extending from front to rear ; this bearing beam to rest on five posts, not less than 7 inches at the small end and 5 feet long ; sills 6 by 8 inches ; floor beams framed in plates, 4 by 6 inches, well halved together at the angles. Rafter, 3 by T inches, placed 20 inches apart from centres, with collars IJ by 7 inches, 12 feet long, spiked on each pair of rafters. Ceiling joists, 2 by 8 inches, placed 30 inches from centres, and sus- pended from the rafters by strips of board. All the above will be good, sound yellow pine. Siding. — The building to be what is termed box-framed ; exterior formed with 1^ inch matched white pine plank, 16 feet long, with battens, 2|- by 1^ inch, nailed over each joint. FuBKiNG. — Ceiling furred for lathing on strips 1 by 2 inches, placed 12 inches from centres ; horizontal furring nailed on ■78 SCHOOL HOUSES. the inside of the siding boards, placed 20 inches apart, and on them nailed vertical strips of furring, 1 by 2 inches, placed 12 inches from centres, and upon these put the lath. Partitions. — These set v/ith 3 by 4 joists, placed 12 inches from centres ; doors placed where shown. These will be 2 feet 10 inches, by 7 feet 6 inches. Floor. — Lay floor with 1|- inch yellow pine matched plank, not exceeding 9 inches in width. Hoof. — Cover rafters with yellow pine boards, not exceed- ing 3 inches apart, and on them put heart pine or cypress rshaved shingles, laying them not more than one-third of their length to the weather, the roof to have a pitch of 7^ inches to the foot. CoEisncE. — The ends of the rafters to be planed, with neat finishing boards put on ; they will project 3 feet on all sides. Put in each gable a stationary Venetian blind in suitable frame, with slats 3 to 4 inches wide. Ventilator. — Two ventilating flues are to be made, one on •each side of the room as directed, and one in the recitation room, each 12 by 12 inches inside, made of thoroughly sea- soned piue Ih inch thick, joints painted with white lead, to unite in the garret and proceed tlience to the ventilator-top in the roof, which is to be of a capacity equal to that of all the flues which empty into it. There is to be a register near the floor and one just underneath the ceiling in each flue. The openings are to be filled in such manner that they may be readily closed at pleasure. Plastering. — Ceilings and side walls all lathed with good 4 feet sawed lath put on with not less than five nailings. All .parts of the building lathed will have two good and sufficient SCHOOL HOUSES. 79 coats of brown mortar, extra well haired, put on and worked down straight and true. Chimney, (for stove.) — Construct chimney with brick, make flue 9 by 9 inches, this commenced 2 feet below line of ceiling and carried 2|^ feet above ridge of roof, and furnished with Btove collar and soot drawer ; chimney supported on joists standing on the floor, or chimney can be built up from the ground. Painting and Glazing. — All wood work will have three coats of light drab paint ; cornice, dressing to doors and win- dows and water table, will all be painted a dark brown. Sashes all glazed with good American glass, well tinned and set in good putty. Wainscoting. — Sides and front end of school room ceiled up two feet high witli half inch yellow pine, not over four inches wide, tongued, grooved and beaded. Back end of «chool room and ante-rooms all ceiled with same material, and will be four feet high. All wainscoting to be neatly capped with proper mouldings. Windows. — Each window composed of twelve lights of 12 by 18 inches. Sashes one and three-eights inch thick, hung with cords, weights and pulleys. Frames to be what are termed box frames, all constructed with good, sound, seasoned heart pine. All windows neatly cased on inside and outside. DooKs. — All doers one and one-half inch thick, made in six panels, (three wide,) and will be two feet ten inches wide and seven feet six inches Ingh, made from good, sound, seasoned white pine, hung with cast butts. 80 SCHOOL HOUSES. SCHOOL HOUSES. 81 Plan of House for 84 pupils. School room, 38 by 36 feet ; A and B, ante-rooms, 9 by 8 feet ; C, teacher's room, 12 by 8 feet ; D, recitation room, 20 by 16 feet ; H H, desks, (No. 4,) 3 feet 6 inches long ; outside aisles, 3 feet 6 inches ; center aisle, 2 feet 4 inches ; inside aisles, 1 foot 8 inches ; S S, position of stoves. Bill of materials and work for School House 46 5?/ 36 feet, with addition l^hy 1?> feet. .'Sills, 10 by 3 inches, 280 feet long, Plates, 6 by 4 inches, 160 feet long, Beams, 6 by 6 inches, 250 feet long. Posts, 6 by 6 inches, 225 feet long. Studs and girts, 4 by 3 inches, 4,000 feet long, Moor joists, 19 by 3 inches, 1,550 feet long, 6 Feet. TOO 320 T50 6T5 4,000 4,650 82 SCHOOL HOUSES. Ceiling joists, 8 by 3 inclies, 1,500 feet long, 3,000' Eafters, 8 by 3 inclies, 1,800 feet long, 3,60a Collar beams, 6 by 1 J inches, 340 feet long, 212;- Eoof boards, 6,000 Flooring (surface measure) 2,350^ added 600,) 2,950- Siding (surface measure) 4,700J added, 1200,) 5,900 Battens, 1,000 Finisbing stuff, 5,500 Wainscoting, 80O Total, 40,057 Shingles, 23,500 Doors, (8 by 3 feet,) ' Windows, 10 by 8 inches, 18 lights, 9- Windows, 10 by 8 inches, 12 lights, 2^ Window, (muUion,) 1 Bricks, (8 by 4 by 2,) 1,000 Lath, 13,000 Nails, kegs * 13 Carpenter's work, days 450 Mason's work, days T5 SCHOOL HOUSES. 83 Plan for Tillage School. Explanation of Cut. — A, and B, school rooms, 29x37i-feet; C, recitation room, 13x8 feet; E, E, girls ante-rooms, 7x7 feet opening from F, porch, 13x8 feet; D, D, boys' ante-room, 7x7 feet opening from G, G, porches, 7x5 feet ; size of build- ing on ground, 66x37i foet. "When the schools do not require the room C, for purposes of recitation, it might be made a retiring room for those who wish to study when the rest are at play. But the schoolrooms should not be a place of noise and confusion at any time. ARRANGEMENT OF DESKS. To lay off the floor of a room for putting down the furni- ture strike a chalk line, along one side, three and a half feet from the wall. This marks the width of an aisle, also the side of a row of desks. Measure off the length of a desk and strike another line jiarallel with the tirst. Lay off the width of an inside aisle next, then a row of desks, and so on until there remains only space enough for the outside aisle, three and a half feet wide. ^ow begin at the back end of the room. Draw a line across it three and a half feet from the wall. This gives the position for the standards of a range of seats. Put them in their places. Set up a desk so that the edge next the pupil will fall less than half an inch short of a vertical line touch- ing the front edge of the seat. The space which a desk and seat occupy in a row is now obtained ; with it lay off other cross lines denoting the positions of the rest of the desks. The larger desks stand at the back of the room. Two, three, or four different heights will be required. They need not vary in length. Six inches is allowed for the width of the seat standards and the slope of the backs, when commencing to lay off at the back side of the room. 86 DESKS. SCALE OF MEASUREMENT OF DESKS AND SEATS. DESK. SEAT. Size. Width. Height of edge from floor. Widtii. Height of edge from floor. Length of Desk and Seat. No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 Inches. 18 16 14 12 Inches. 241 2U 20 Inches. 12 11 m 10 Inches. 16 13J 11 10 Inches. 48 46 44 42 CLOSING SEAT SCHOOL DESK. Description of the Desk and its advantages. 1. The movable seat, which is made to turn \\])ow a strong metalic rod, (generally of iron) closing or folding np so as to DESKS. 87 •open an aisle between the desks, through which persons may freely pass in cleaning the school room, or for other purposes. The seat presents no obstruction whatever. Where the desk is used there need be no filthy school rooms, as the floor is so little encumbered that it may be as effectually cleansed as if the room were clear of furniture. 2. It occupies less space than any other desks of equal size, -while it affords the greatest convenience for the ingress and •egress of pupils. 3. It costs less than any other good desk made of the same materials, and is so simple in construction that it may be made by any good mechanic. 4. The seate are comfortable and so constructed as to pro- mote the health of pupils. The back is inclined to support the loins as well as the shoulders. 5. It is neat in appearance and tastefully formed, possessing ■great strength and durability. 6. It can be made so cheaply as to admit of introduction into the humblest school, or in such style as vfiW meet the wants of the highest grade of schools, academies and colleges. These desks can be made of any kind of wood, but the hard woods are the best. When made of walnut, cherry, oak, ash or birch, they may be finished in oil, which is much cheaper than varnish, more durable and generally preferred. These desks have already been introduced into many schools in other States. To facilitate their manufacture, lithograph working draw- ings, accompanied by printed instructions, will be furnished. This desk is patented, but permit to make it can be obtained ;at the office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, Ealeigh. 88 DESKS. CLOSING SEAT DESK WITH JRO'SS STANDAEDS. This desk is convenient and graceful. Its advantages ar( so similar to desk !N"o. 1, that tliej' need not be stated. L.of BLACKBOARDS. Blackboards are indispensable. Thej facilitate and lighten the labors of the school room. Many pupils can be taught simultaneously ; instruction addresses not onl}'- the ear but the eye ; thus the attention is gained and interest excited. There are several styles of Blackboards. 1. They can be made of white pine, white wood, or other similar grained wood, in width about four or four and a half feet, and painted black. The paint should be slightly gritty, durable and smoothly put on. Thus made, the board can be attached to the wall either in the rear of the teacher's desk or on the sides of the room. 2. Plaster Blackboard. — This board is made by giving a portion of the plastered wall a hard finish, and painting it, (the hard finish) black. This " Jiard finish " can be put on an old as well as a new surface. A belt of this black surface can be made entirely around the room. Unless extended to the floor, its lower edge should be about two feet from the floor, and should reach upward from 3 to 5|- feet. 3. Movable Blacivboard. — This is made by hanging a board of the first kind on pivots within a frame. The size should be such that it can be easily moved upon the floor. 4. Blackboard Paper. — As a cheap and temporary expe- dient, a kind of paper has been prepared, which gives to the board or the wall on which it may be posted, a slated surface 90 BLACKBOARDS. of tolerable strength. These paper boards can be mounted so as to be portable and ornamental. 5. Slate Blackboakd. — Large slates (stone) from three feet wide to four feet long, mounted on portable frames or fastened to the wall, make an article for blackboard purposes superior to any other material, it is more durable, and in a series of years, more economical. Remakes. — " In all cases," the last excepted, " let the board be kept dry ; never allow the pupil to wet the wiper when removing the chalk." OUTBUILDINGS AND IMPROVEMENTS. Shelter foe Fuel. — In connection with every school house s, shelter should be provided for fuel — one convenient, ample, ■easily secured, and a protection from the vs^eather, Water Closets. — Two water closets should be provided for each school house — one for each sex ; they should not stand near each other, nor within one hundred feet of the house. The entrances should be sheltered by screens. The yards in which they are placed should be divided by a high, tight board fence, or an impenetrable evergreen hedge. The vaults should be so constructed that they can be easily cleansed ; they ought to be often cleared and cleansed, and constantly and abundantly supplied with disinfectants, such as lime, wood ashes, &@. These establishments must not be permitted to become nuisances, either to the school or the neighborhood. Fences, provided with the necessary gates and substantially built should enclose the grounds of every school house, other- wise, the improvements made within the grounds will be sub- ject to encroachment, damage, and probably, destruction. Shade and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs should be planted in the grounds and nurtured into maturity. Every yard can be well stocked with small expense beyond the labor required to transplant the trees. Deainage. — Every part of the school house grounds should be subject to complete drainage. A Well or Pump should be furnished to every school house. N. B. — ISTo scholar of either sex should be permitted to enter that part of the yard and buildings appropriated to the other, without the teacher's permission. APPENDIX. I. The attention of County Commissioners is directed to the following act, whicli provides for the filling of certain township ofl&ces which may become vacant : AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOK THE FILLING OF VACANCIES OCCUKEING- IN THE OFFICES PROVIDED FOE IN ARTICLE SEVEN, OF THE CONSTITUTION OF NORTH CAROLINA. Section 1. TJie General Assembly of North Carolina do enact, That every vacancy occurring in any of the offices provided for in article seven, of the Constitution of !N"ortli Carolina, shall be filled, unless otherwise provided for by law, by a majority of the Board of County Commissioners of the county in which such vacancy may 03cur ; Provided, That any vacancy occurring in the Board of Commissioners of any county shall be filled by the Governor of the State. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect from and after the date of its passage. Eatified the 2Tth day of July, A. D. 1868. dJL APPEJfDIX. II, Board of Education cannot sell property except as pre- scribed by law. Alf ACT EST KELATION TO PEOPEETY BELONGING TO THE BOAED or EDTJCATION. Section 1. The General Assembly of North Carolina do enact ^ That no sales of swamp lands, stocks or otlier property appropriated to the cause of education, shall be made except by the authority of the General Assembly, on such terms as shall be prescribed by law, and all laws in conflict with this act are hereby repealed. Sec. 2. This act shall go into eflect from and after its ratifi- cation. Eatified the 17th day of March, A. D. 1S69. III. Orders of the Board of Education. Office of Board of EducatioNj. Ealeigh, July loth, 1869. At a meeting of the Board of Education held this- day it was Toted : "Wheeeas, Article IX, section 4, of the Constitution of th& State prescribes that the net proceeds that may accrue to the State from fines, penalties and forfeitures shall constitute a part of the State Public School Fund ; and Whereas, By section 9 of " An act to provide for a system of public instruction," all moneys belonging or owing to the Public School Eund shall be paid to the Treasurer of the Board of Education ; and APPEJfDIX. 95 Whereas, By section 5 of the aforesaid act the Public Trea- surer is constituted Treasurer of the Board of Education : it is hereby Ordered, That Clerks of Courts and all other persons to whom there have been paid or entrusted any moneys arising from fines, penalties and forfeitures which may belong to the State, are hereby instructed and directed to forward forthwith such aforesaid sums of money to Hon, D. A. Jenkins, Public Treasurer : also. That the aforesaid Clerks and other persons are further instructed and directed to pay over to the said Public Treas- urer, within ten days from the first day of January, April, July and October of each year, all moneys on account of fines, penalties and forfeitures which may be in their possession ; also, That the aforesaid payments shall be made in such manner as the Public Treasurer shall direct. W. W. HOLDEIT, President. S. S. Ashley, Secretary. Tkeasuey Department, Raleigh, N. C, July 22, 1869. Clerks of Courts and all other persons who may have received moneys arising from fines, penalties and forfeitures, belonging to the State, are hereby directed to forward the same to me immediately by Express, Eegistered Letter or Post Office Order, All such moneys which may hereafter be received by the aforesaid officers, will be forwarded to me in the same manner, within ten days from the first day of Jan- iiary, April, July and October of each year. 96 APPEJfDIX. All officers whose duty it is to receive such moneys, will be held to strict accountability for the same. Yery respectfully, D. A. JENKINS, Treasurer Board of Education. N. B. — The above order is directed to all Justices of the Peace as well as Clerks of Courts, STATE OF NOKTH CAEOLINA, Office Board of Education, . Raleigh. October Yth, 1869. To wJiom it 7nay concern : At a meeting of the Board of Education, held this day, it was Ordered., That County Commissioners, and all other persons having in their possession securities or money of any tenor or date, which were received from the Board of Literature or have accrued from any funds which were distributed by said Board at any time, or which are designed or held for any public sqIiooI purposes whatsoever, be and hereby are in- structed to forward the same, at the earliest opportunity, to Hon. D, A. Jenkins, Treasurer of this Board. By order : S. S. ASHLEY, Secretary. IfoTE. — The aforesaid order is authorized by the Constitution of the State, Article IX, Section 4. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Inteoduction, 3 Constitution, Art. 1, sec. 21, Art. IX, ---.-... 5 UNI^^;RSITy, Organization of, g Trustees, how appointed, -.--.... '7 School Law, ----.--.-.'.. h Studies, and Rules for Examination of Teachers, - - - - 35 Duties and Poavers of Board of Education and School Officers, - 39 Forms, Certificate of election of school officers, 45 Appointment of School Examiner, - 46 Engagement of school officers, 46 Records of School Committee, - - 47 Contract with teacher, ........ 4*7 Payment of teacher, - - 48 Draft for bnilding expenses, cfec, -.-... 49 Committee's annual estimate, ------- 50 Annual census by Committee - - 51 For use of Examiner, .... - 52, 54, 55, 56, 58 Teachers' certificates, - - - - - - - - 59 School Houses, Description of, and specifications for, - - - - 61 to 83 Desks, Arrangement of, - - - 85 Measurement a,nd description of, 86, 8*7, 88 Blackboards, - -----89 Outbuildings and Improvements, -91 98 COJfTEJ^TS. Appexdis, . Pagee. Act authorizing County Commissioners co fill certain vacancies, 93 Act relating to sale of property belonging to the Board of Edu- cation, ----------- 94 Orders of Board of Education directing how fines,