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DOCUMENTS 
 
 RELATING TO THE 
 
 Colonial History 
 
 State of New York. 
 
 Vol. XIII — Old Series. 
 Vol. II — New Series. 
 
 ALBANY, N. Y. 
 
 WEED, PARSONS AND COMPANY. 
 1881. 
 
DOCUMENTS 
 
 RELATING TO TH 
 
 HISTORY AND SETTLEMENTS OF THE TOWNS 
 
 Hudson and Mohawk Rivers 
 
 (WITH THE EXCK1''1I(IX <)!• AI.HAXV), 
 
 FROM 1630 TO 1684. 
 
 AND ALSO ILLUSTKATINt; THE 
 
 RELATIONS OF THE SETTLERS WITH THE INDIANS. 
 
 Translated, Compiled and Edited from the Original Records in the Office of the 
 
 Secretary of State, at Albany, and other sources, under direction 
 
 of the Honbie JOSEPH B. CARR, Secretary of State, 
 
 B. FERNOW, 
 
 liEEIPER OF THE HISTORICAL RECORDS. 
 
 Hon. Member Penn* Historical Society. 
 
 ALBANY, N. Y. 
 
 WEED, PARSONS AND COMPANY. 
 
 iS8i. 
 

 MAY 1 1903 
 D.ofD. 
 
 
im mmnm i the iDSi i\m m m m\m. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE, 
 Albany, Octoler 1, 1881. 
 
 Originally organized for purely commercial purposes, then drawn into warlike pursuits by 
 the political events of the Thirty Years' War, the Dutch West India Company thought little of 
 its property in America as a colony, and took no pains to develop its internal resources by settling 
 this large territory and encouraging the cultivation of its virgin soil. The close of the war with 
 Spain compelled the Company to bestow more attention upon New Netherland and to make up, 
 if possible, for lost time. Internal and economical considerations did not alone urge the Company 
 in this direction ; the interest which the States- General suddenly took in the affairs of New 
 Netherland and the earnestness with which they insisted upon the adoption of some practical 
 plan to direct and encourage a sound and moral emigration, insuring a permanent settlement of 
 the territory, caused the managers of the Company to pci-ceive that their influence would be dan- 
 gerously compromised, if something was not done to develop more actively the resources of the fine 
 and fertile province committed to their charge. 
 
 As a result of their deliberations on this point, the directors of the West India Company 
 presented, in August, 1638, to the States-General, "Articles and Conditions drawn up and con- 
 cluded by the Amsterdam Chamber, on which the respective places and countries 
 
 in New Netherland shall henceforth be traded to, frequented and settled " * 
 
 This plan was evidently too diffuse in some of its clauses to satisfy the States-General, nor did the 
 " New Project," f submitted by the Patroons in opposition to and curtailing the privileges of the 
 Company, meet with any more favor. The object of the Patroons had been at first, when they 
 obtained their pri\aleges in 1629, rather a participation in the Indian trade than the colonization 
 of the country ; their new plan was to divide the province into manors for a privileged class, to 
 the exclusion of the hardy and industrious pioneer and sturdy and independent yeoman. 
 
 The objections raised by the States-General to either plan led to a joint meeting of delegates 
 from the States and the Company, who agreed upon a more satisfactory solution of the whole 
 * See N. Y. Col. Hist. Vol. I, p. 110. + Ibidcim. p. 
 
iv Early Settlements on the Hudson River and the Indians. 
 
 question. The monopoly of the trade to New Netherland, liitherto enjoyed exchisively by the 
 West India Company, was abolished and the commerce in and to the province as well as the 
 cnltivation of its soil thrown open to everybody, whether denizen or foreigner, who chose to con- 
 form to certain rules and restrictions.* 
 
 New Netherland soon began to reap the benefits of this salutary resolution. The policy of 
 the Company having become more liberal, they extended their liberality also to financial matters 
 and encouraged emigrant fanners by many pecuniary advantages ; in consequence we see the labor- 
 ers leave their native country, where, under the most favorable circumstances, they could only be 
 tenants, to seek new freehold homes in the province on the Hudson ; we see wealthy individuals 
 induced to settle in New Netherland with their families and a large following of tenants ; and we 
 find the population increase by families from Virginia and New England, who left the latter 
 colony " to escape the insupportable government of New England," or the former to pursue at 
 the Manliattans the cidtivation of the tobacco plant, with which they had become familiar during 
 their respective terms of service in Virginia., 
 
 Every settler was allowed to make his home where he pleased or where he thought he conld 
 plant his crops to the best advantage, subject to one rule, invariably insisted upon, the great 
 importance of which in its relations to the future existence of our present State, and perhaps of 
 the United States, has never been sufficiently considered. I mean the ride by which no man 
 could settle upon Indian lands, unless the Indian title was first extinguished in a manner satis- 
 factory to the Indian proprietors. Following natural advantages of soil, location, market and per- 
 sonal safety, the settlers chose at first the neighborhood of the two larger places on the Hudson, 
 New Amsterdam and Fort Orange, and spread across the Fresh Water into what is now West- 
 chester county, or over into New Jersey, Long and Staten Islands, or sat down south of , Albany. 
 Keeping as near the banks of the Hudson as possible, they finally struck the fertile valley of the 
 Esopus. The absence of the Indian deeds given to the first comers prevents fixing the exact date 
 of the first settlement of Kingston, which more than a century later was to be the native place of 
 our present State Government. The earliest patent for land in Ulster county on record is dated 
 September 25, 1656 ; it mentions, however, the lands of other people, who were then already 
 settled there. It is true that the Dutch had built a fort on the Esopus as early as 1615,t and that 
 therefore we have no record of the Indian deed (our records beginning only in 1630) ; but if the 
 country around this fort had been settled, the people had been driven off by the destructive Indian 
 wars of 1644-45. Other evidences, brought to light in this volume, show that some farmers, 
 attracted by the richness of the soil, had commenced a small settlement there in 1653, after pur- 
 chasing tlie land from the Indians. Their fate and the troubles of their successors are described 
 in the documents contained in this volume ; we must admire the tenacity and sturdy courage witli 
 
 *See N. T. Col. Hist. Vol. I, p. 119. 
 
 t " II y a j)lu3 lie cinquante aus qu'elle est en possession ties Forts Orange et Esope ; les nns et les autres avec 
 les terres et pais, qui en dependent." States- General to Sir George Downing, February, 1665. — Col. Hist. 
 Vol. n, p. 325. 
 
Early Settlements on the Hudson River and the IruUans. v 
 
 ■wlilcli this handful of Dutchmen held on to the land, which they knew to be theirs by every right 
 and law, and we can only congratulate ourselves, as citizens of the State of New York and of the 
 United States, that the first white men with whom the Indians of this section of the American 
 continent had to deal were the upright, sturdy, even if slow and phlegmatic, Dutch. 
 
 Property in the soil being in all civilized countries the first evidence of settlement, the Editor 
 has endeavored to collect all such evidences in the shape of Indian deeds, to be found in the State 
 and other official records and thereby hopes to assist the authors of local histories, who must una- 
 voidably begin by showing how the title to the soil passed from the Indians through the Govern- 
 ment to individuals. Records of public offices are our most reliable authority for History, which 
 cannot be written, if it is to be of any instructive value, without being based upon authentic evi- 
 dence ; with it it is easy to trace the organization of counties, towns and villages, the sources of their 
 fii-st population and the nomenclature of their localities. 
 
 A glance at the map of the United States shows that the Hudson river and its tributaries 
 form the most important waterway in the country. Portages of short distance brought the 
 traveler in olden times to the M'aters of the great lakes, if he was bound west, or to Lake Cham- 
 plain and the St. Lawrence if on a northern tour. The Hudson was the key of the continent 
 for all coming from the east ; its possession meant supremacy over all the surrounding lands. The 
 Dutch, the first white people who came to this region, found it inhabited by five Indian tribes. 
 which from their language, general customs and traditions, seemed to be more closely connected 
 with each other than the neighboring tribes. They had entered into a confederation and in a 
 rude M^ay anticipated our federal republic ; having possession of the very key to this continent 
 they had become the masters of a large portion of it and ruled the tribes from Maine to the Mis 
 sissippi and as far south as Georgia. The Jesuit fathers, who went among them as missionaries, 
 called them the most enlightened Indians with whom they had come in contact, but also the most 
 intractable. They were cannibals, often eating their captured enemies after having first subjected 
 them to the most fiendish torture. The most athletic, the keenest witted and most bloody of all 
 the tribes, that the first settlers of New York should have made a lodgment among them and at 
 all times remained undisturbed is one of the curious facts of history, the bearings of which upon 
 the subsequent history of this country has never sufficiently attracted the attention of historians, yet 
 it is worthy of being esteemed most important. When contemplating the nature and results of the 
 relations established between the two races, we see a condition of affairs no less startling than 
 different from that in the neighboring New England colonies. The Puritans were involved in 
 ceaseless Indian wars and stood more than once upon the brink of utter annihilation ; the Dutch, 
 living at the door of the powerful Five Nations, could always count upon the friendship of their 
 Indian neighbors. The secret by which they insured this friendship was that they simply treated 
 the Indian as a human being, as a man. Tolerant in religion themselves they did not interfere 
 with his crude worship ; honest in all their dealings with him they kept good faith and took noth- 
 ing from him except by purchase. Eule 26 of the " Freedoms and Exemptions gi'anted by the 
 West India Company to all Patroons, Masters or private Persons who will plant colonies in New 
 
vi Early Settlements on the Hudson River and the Indians. 
 
 Netherland, adopted Jane 7, 1629, says: '"Whosoever shall settle any colony out of the limits of 
 Manhattan Island shall be obliged to satisfy the Indians for the land they shall settle upon.' " 
 The numerous Indian deeds in this volume go to show how this rule was, as I stated above, always 
 strictly enforced, and the tradition of the purchase of Manhattan Island proves that even at their 
 first coming the Dutch had no intention of acquiring the land they coveted by any other means 
 than by purchase. 
 
 It is needless to refer to the Massachusetts statute of 1633, which confirmed to the Indians 
 the little patches of land around their wigwams, where they raised their corn and beans, and 
 declared the rest the property of the whites on the authority of chapter 1, Genesis, " and the 
 invitation of the Indians." It is further needless to speculate on the consequences if a like policy 
 had been adopted by the Dutch, for the result of the policy pursued by them , based upon Chris- 
 tian virtue, commercial morality and the true ethics of civilization, is enjoyed by us every day as 
 citizens of the State of New York and of the United States. The English, after the conquest 
 of 1664, followed in the footsteps of the Dutch in their treatment of the Indians, either because 
 they acknowledged it to be the best policy or influenced by the preponderating Dutch element, 
 who were still the majority of the population of the province. During the century of contention 
 with France the friendship of the Five Nations, in possession of the great mountain barrier 
 between Canada and the upper Hudson, turned the scale and counterbalanced the great advan- 
 tages which lay on the side of France. But for this, the whole course of our history might have 
 been changed. New York might now belong to France and the other States might still be 
 colonies of England. 
 
 Not all the Indians of the province, however, shared the Mohawks' feelings toward the 
 Dutch, as the documents relating to the settlement, of our present Ulster county, now first pub- 
 lished, will show. The tribes along the Hudson below Albany, although treated by the Dutch 
 like the Mohawks, remained hostile and had to be completely dispersed to insure for the settlement 
 on the Esopus the safety and security necessary for its development. Many instances will be 
 found in this volume showing how the powerful five nations appreciated the treatment by the 
 Dutch. 
 
 For reasons made obvious by the size of this volume the Editor has not been able to show 
 the results of the Dutch and early English policy in the subsequent troubles with the French of 
 Canada, and the volume closes therefore with the law dividing the province into counties, enacted 
 by the first General Assembly of the Province of New York, the meeting of which on the 17th 
 of October, 16S3, was the result of the priticiple, often asserted by the Dutch in their controver- 
 sies with their Governors, of " No Taxation without Eepresentation." It was the first victory 
 of Liberty over Absolutism, which New York has to record. 
 
 JOSEPH B. CAKR, 
 
 of State. 
 
Table of Contents. 
 
 FIRST PERIOD. 
 
 From the first recorded Dutch Patent to the Occupation of the Province by the English. 
 1630-1664. 
 
 Page. 
 
 1630. July 12. Patent for Iloboken, K J 1 
 
 Patent for Staten Island 2 
 
 Patent for Aliasimiis (Jersey City) and Ai'essick Island 2 
 
 1638. May 1. Deed to Abr. Is. Verplanck for Land at Paulus Hook, N. J 3 
 
 Lease of the Company's Farm at Pavonia, N.J 3 
 
 1639. Mar. 12. Lease of the Company's Bouwery at Hoboken, N. J 4 
 
 Lease of Bronk.x; Land in "Westchester county 5 
 
 Indian Deed for the Land called Keskeskick (Westchester county) 5 
 
 Kesolution to exact from the Indians a Tribute in Maize, etc 6 
 
 Patent for part of Staten Island 6 
 
 164:0. Jan. 7. Lease of Land on Staten Island 7 
 
 Council Minute. Hostile Acts of the Earitan Indians since the Peace of 
 
 1634 7 
 
 1641. June 6. Council Minute. Conditions under which a Party of English People may 
 come and settle in N. Netherland 8 
 
 Ordinance offering a Reward for the Heads of Karitau Indians 8 
 
 Release by Com. Melyn of his Tenant from his Contract to live on Staten 
 
 Island 8 
 
 " Sept. 12. Resolutions to build a Redoubt on Staten Island 9 
 
 1642. April 7. Declaration concerning what occurred at Armeperal in the Indian War. . 9 
 
 " June 26. Court Proceedings 9 
 
 " Oct. 2. Council Minute. Settlement in Westchester Co 10 
 
 1643. Feb. 25. Council Minute. Indian War 10 
 
 " Feb. 27. Council Minute setting forth the necessity of the resolution to enlist a 
 
 number of planters " in order to put a bit into the mouth of the 
 
 heathens " 11 
 
 " Mar. 22. Declaration concei'ning the attempt upon Dir. Kieft's life 12 
 
 " Mar. 28. Report of the attempts made on the life of Director Kieft by the leaders 
 
 of the expedition against the Indians 12 
 
 " Apr. 22. Peace made between the Dutch and the Indians on the Lower Hudson. . . 14 
 " May 18. Declaration respecting the circumstances under which Dirck Straatemaker 
 
 and his wife were killed by the Indians 14 
 
 July 
 
 12. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 10. 
 
 22. 
 
 May 
 July 
 Mar. 
 
 1. 
 20. 
 12. 
 
 July 21. 
 Aug. 3. 
 Sep. 15. 
 No date. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 7. 
 
 July 
 
 16. 
 
 June 
 
 6. 
 
 July 
 Aug. 
 
 4. 
 15. 
 
Table of Contents. 
 
 Page. 
 Jnnc 10. Extract from a letter of Arent van Curler at Rensselaerswyck to the 
 
 Patroon in Holland. Report of a journey to the Mohawks 15 
 
 July 6. Patent to John Throckmorton for land at Vrelandt (Throgmorton's Neck, 
 
 Westchester county) 15 
 
 Sep. 15. Council Minute. Eequest of the Eight Men, that Jan Damen be expelled 
 
 from their board. Resolution to renew the war against the hostile 
 
 Indians 16 
 
 Declaration of some soldiers respecting the attack by Indians on the Colony 
 
 " behind the Col." 16 
 
 Report that the Colony "behind the Col." has been destroyed by the 
 
 Indians 17 
 
 Council Minute. Arrival of River Indians at Stamford to sue for peace 
 
 with the Dutch 17 
 
 Articles of Peace, concluded in presence of the Mohawks between the 
 
 Dutch and the River Indians 18 
 
 Council Minute. A Proclamation to be issued for a day of general 
 
 thanksgiving on accoimt of the peace with the Indians 19 
 
 Resolution to explore a mine in the Earitan country and to raise some 
 
 cannons sunk by the Indians in the river " behind the Col." 19 
 
 Patent to Jacob Jacobsen Roy for Constable's Hook (N. J.) 19 
 
 Patent to Thomas Coornel for land on the Bronkx river (Westchester Co.). 20 
 Patent to Cornells Antonissen van der Slyck and associates for the land of 
 
 Katskil 20 
 
 " Dec. Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Petrus Stuyvesant. 
 
 Peace with the Indians made by Kieft; iron mine on Staten Island. 
 
 English trading house near Fort Orange , 21 
 
 1647. Mar. 25. Patent to Claes Carstensen the Norman for land in New Jersey 21 
 
 " May 10. Patent to Egbert Woutersen for land at Communipaw (N. J.) 22 
 
 " May 11. Patent to Maryn Adriaensen for laud at Weehawken (N. J.) 22 
 
 " June 17. Declaration of Commissary Boghardt and others respecting an attack by 
 
 the Raritans 22 
 
 1648. Apr. 3. Extract from a letter of Director Stuyvesant to Gov. Winthrop at Boston ; 
 
 vindicates himself against the accusations of having tried to incite the 
 
 Moliawks against the English 23 
 
 " Apr. 8. Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Dir. Stuyvesant ; a 
 
 lenient policy toward the Indians recommended 23 
 
 Indian Deed for part of Westchester county 24 
 
 Propositions made by the Indians living on the North river above Man- 
 hattan Island and Stuyvesant's answer 25 
 
 Lease of land on the Katskil 26 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Dir. Stuyvesant; the 
 
 grant of the Catskil Lands 26 
 
 Indian Deed for Schodack 26 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Dir. Stuyvesant ; fears 
 entertained that a war between the English and the AVappinger Indians 
 might be fatal to the Colonies on the North river 27 
 
 " 
 
 Oct. 30. 
 
 " 
 
 Nov. 3. 
 
 1644. 
 
 Apr. 16. 
 
 1645. 
 
 Aug. 30. 
 
 " 
 
 Aug. 31. 
 
 " 
 
 Aug. 31. 
 
 1646. 
 
 
 June 26. 
 
 " 
 
 Aug. 22. 
 
 July 
 
 14. 
 
 July 
 
 19. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 14. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 16. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 13. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 15. 
 
Tahle of Contents. ix 
 
 Page 
 
 1651. M<ar. 21. Extract from a letter of the same to the same ; laud grants on the Raritan, 
 
 Kil van Col and Catskil ; free navigation of the North river ; Baron van 
 
 der Capelle's Colony ; Mohawks invade Canada 27 
 
 " Nov. 7. Entry by Cornells van Werckhoven for two Colonies, one at Tappaeu, tlie 
 
 other at the Nevesing and grant of the same 29 
 
 1652. Feb. 13. Extract from a representation made by the Directors of the W. I. Com- 
 
 pany on the situation of New Netherland concerning Indian a£fau-s, etc. 29 
 
 " Feb. 15. Answer to the foregoing 30 
 
 " Mar. 5. Letter from Baron van der Capellen to Cornel is ^au Werckhoven, inform- 
 ing him that he had purchased the Earitan country 31 
 
 " Mar. 18. Letter from Cornelis van Werckhoven to (?) entering a caveat against the 
 
 grant of the Earitan country to Baron van der Capellen 31 
 
 No date. Answer of Cornelis van Werckhoven to Baron vai\ der Capellen's letter . . 32 
 " Apr. 4. Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Dir Stuyvesant ; a 
 New Netherland bureau is to be established to check the abuses in land 
 granting ; conflicts arising out of the purchases of Baron van der Capel- 
 len and van Werckhoven ; war between the Mohawks and Canada Indians 33 
 
 " Sept. 20. Ordinance against runners in the Mohawk and Seneca countries 34 
 
 " Dec. 13. Extract from a letter of the Directors to Stuyvesant ; Van Werckhoven 
 declines the Colony on the Earitan and at Tappan and settles at Nyaek, 
 L. 1 34 
 
 1653. June 6. Extract from a letter of the same to the same ; the war between the Mo- 
 
 hawks and the Canada Indians ; the establishment of a trading house 20 
 Dutch miles north of Albany recommended to attract the Canadian fur 
 trade 35 
 
 1654. Feb. 25. Eesolution to provide the Mohawks with powder and lead, lest they apply 
 
 therefor to the English 35 
 
 " June 16. Patent to Dirck Ziecken for land at Communipaw 36 
 
 " Aug. 28. Ordinance against furnishing liquor to Indians 35 
 
 " Nov. 5. Eesolution ordering the Fiscal to forbid certain Englishmen to settle at 
 
 Yrcedland (Westchester county) 36 
 
 " Nov. 27. Patents for land at Pavonia (N. J.) and at Communipaw 37 
 
 1655. Apr. 19. Protest against Thomas Pell for settling on lands belonging to tiie Dutch 
 
 at Vreeland ("Westchester) with notice to quit 38 
 
 " June 21. Order to publish at Fort Orange an ordinance against runners among the 
 
 Indians 39 
 
 " Oct. 8. (28?) Letter from Inhabitants of Graveseud to the Director and Council, 
 
 stating that they are threatened by Indians from the main 39 
 
 " Oct. 8. Declaration as to the hostility of the Indians 41 
 
 " Oct. 9. Minute and votes of the Council on the action to be taken regarding the 
 
 foregoing 41 
 
 " Oct. 11. Eesolution forbidding the sailing of the vessels in port and departure of 
 
 able-bodied passengers during the present crisis 43 
 
 " Oct. 12. Minute of the attendance of Jacob van Curler and Jacob Sillisakcs with 
 
 the Magistrates of Gravesend 43 
 
X Table of Contents. 
 
 Paob. 
 
 1655. Oct. 12. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to Capt. Bryan Newton, warning him to be 
 
 on the lookout for Indians 43 
 
 " Oct. 13. Council Minute of the appearance in Council of Stephen Necker, who with 
 5 others had been taken prisoner by the Indians and is sent for a ran- 
 som 44 
 
 " Oct. 13. Message brought from the Indians at Paulus Hook, that the prisoners will 
 
 be released in two days 44 
 
 " Oct. 13. Eesolution not to pay the ransom, demanded by the Indians 45 
 
 " Oct. 16. Ordinance against persons going into the country in small parties 45 
 
 " Oct. 16. Order for the safety of Amesfoort and the Bay 45 
 
 " Oct. 16. Letter to Capt. Post, ordering him to inquire, what the Indians propose to 
 
 do with their prisoners 45 
 
 " Oct. IS. Ordinance forbidding all persons going across the river or communicating 
 
 with the Indians 46 
 
 " Oct. 18. Minute of the return of 14 prisoners by Pennekeck, chief of Hackensack. 46 
 " Oct. 18. Instructions given to Capt. Adrian Post to obtain the release of the prison- 
 ers still in the hands of the Indians 46 
 
 " Oct. 20. Letter of inhabitants of Gravesend, L. I., praying for protection against 
 
 the Indians 47 
 
 " Oct. 21. Message of the Indians sent with some prisoners and answer thereto with 
 
 the return message of the Indians 48 
 
 " Oct. 31. Remonstrauce of the Director-General and Council of New-Netherland to 
 the States-General, exposing the bad conduct of the barbarous Indians 
 
 towards the Dutch 49 
 
 " Nov. 10. Propositions submitted by Dh-. Stuyvesant to the Council on a war with 
 
 the Indians and the opinions of the Council 51 
 
 " Nov. 27. Propositions made by the Indians of Long Island requesting a continuance 
 
 of the peace with their tribe 58 
 
 1656. Jan. 18. Questions submitted by the Director to the Council on excluding Indians 
 
 from the settlements and answers of the Council 58 
 
 " Jan. 26. Paper read by Dir. Stuyvesant to the Council containing information on 
 
 the causes of the late difficulties with the Indians and advice given thereon 
 
 by the Council 59 
 
 " Feb. 2. Petition of Michiel Jansen for a lot in the City, all his property (at Pavo- 
 
 nia) having lately been destroyed by the Indians ; granted 61 
 
 " Mar. 6. Order directing Capt. de Coninck to capture the leading Englishmen of 
 
 Westchester and his instructions 62 
 
 " Mar. 13. Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant; they 
 
 regret the damages inflicted by the Indian raid and give directions for 
 
 the relief of the sufferers 63 
 
 " Mar. 14. Order respecting the prisoners taken at Westchester 63 
 
 " Mar. 15. Application of the Fiscal, recapitulating Pell's intrusion at Westchester &c 
 
 and re<iuesting that he be ordered to quit 64 
 
 " Mar. 16. Petition of Thomas Wheeler and others of Westchester, submitting to the 
 
 Dutch Government and asking for certain privileges, which are granted. 65 
 '• Mar. 16. Commission for Thomas Wheeler to be Chief Magistrate at Westchester. . 66 
 
Table of Contents. xi 
 
 Page. 
 
 1656. Mar. 16. Order for tlie discliarge of Capf.. K. Panton and others of ■Westchester on 
 
 condition that tliey lea\-e tlie country or tiiid security for their good 
 behavior 67 
 
 " Mar. 28. Order on an a2)phcation of Nicolas Verleth for leave to remove the frame 
 
 of a house from Hoboken; denied on account of the Indian difficulties 67 
 
 " Apr. 2. Indictment and sentence of Sander Tourseu and wife for selling liquor to 
 
 the Indians 67 
 
 " Apr. 12. Order for a contribution of cloth from the merchants to ransom the pris- 
 oners, still held by the Indians 68 
 
 " May 29. Ordinance against lodging Indians in New Amsterdam 68 
 
 " Jwly !• Resolution to give private notice to certain parties to leave the country, 
 
 because suspected of selling liquor to the Indians ; rescinded 69 
 
 " July 1- Ordinance renewing the order for the formation of villages and against 
 
 admitting armed Indians into cities, villages and houses 69 
 
 " Sept. 25. Patent to Christoffel Davids for a tract of land in the Esopus (N. W. of 
 
 Kingston, Ulster county) 69 
 
 " Dec. 19. Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant; they 
 accuse the former Fiscals van Tienhoven and van Dyck of being the 
 cause of the last Indian massacre 70 
 
 1657. Mar. 27. Petition of Johanna de Laet, widow of Johan de Hulter, for letters-patent 
 
 to land purchased from the Indians at the Esopus by her late husband 
 
 and the patent for it 7L 
 
 Resolution of the Magistrates of Fort Orange and Beverwyck permitting 
 
 the inhabitants to employ Indian brokers for one year 72 
 
 Propositions of the three Mohawk Castles to renew the old Covenant 
 
 chain, etc., and answers thereto < 2 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant; the 
 
 prisoners in the hands of the Indians to be demanded from them in the 
 
 name of the States- General ; a block-house to be built at the Esopus. . . 73 
 
 Affidavit of Jan Gillisen Kock in regard to cattle at Catskil 71: 
 
 List of the farmers, men, women and children sent to Staten Island since 
 
 May, 1650, by Baron van der Capellen 74 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant ; Indian 
 
 affairs ; tlie Colony on Staten Island 75 
 
 Court Proceedings. Cornells Teunissen against Jacob Jansen Stoll for 
 
 excise on slaughtered cattle, involving a question of the jurisdiction of 
 
 Esopus '^^ 
 
 Letter from Jacob Jansen Stoll of Esopus to Dir. Stuyvesant with a cargo 
 
 of wheat ' " 
 
 Letter of Thomas Chambers at the Esopus to the same ; demands a.ssist- 
 
 ance, as the Indians have murdered some settlers at Esopus 77 
 
 Letter from Andries van der Sluys and other inliabitants of the Esopus 
 
 to the same, confirming the foregoing letter TS 
 
 Letter from Thomas Chambers and others at the Esopus to the Council 
 
 complaining again of the Indians and asking for assistance ; population 
 
 and produce of Esopus ~*^ 
 
 June 
 
 6. 
 
 June 
 
 16. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 15. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 ,. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 11. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 22. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 29. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 12. 
 
 May 
 
 2. 
 
 May 
 
 2. 
 
 May 
 
 18. 
 
xii Table of Contents. 
 
 Page. 
 
 1658. May 20. Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant ; Indian 
 
 affairs ; emigrants and soldiers 80 
 
 Eesolution that the Director-General proceed to the Esopus 80 
 
 Agreement made by the settlers in the Esopus to remove their dwellings 
 
 and form a village 81 
 
 Journal of Director Stuy vesant's visit to the Esopus 81 
 
 Certificate that Harmen Jacobsen, alias Bamboes was shot by an Indian at 
 
 the Esopus 87 
 
 Letter from Sergeant Lourens at the Esopus to Dir. Stuyvesant ; the 
 
 Indians renew their insolence; a supply of ammunition is needed 88 
 
 Minute of the Council of Fort Orange. Appearance in Court of fifteen 
 
 Mohawk sachems with a French prisoner, whom they desire to return to 
 
 the Governor of Trois Rivieres, and action of the Court 88 
 
 Letter from Sergeant Lourens to Dir. Stuyvesant ; failua-e of the crops in 
 
 the Esopus ; movements of the Indians 89 
 
 Complaint against Christopher Davids, an Englishman, for spreading a 
 
 false report among the Highland Indians 90 
 
 Letter from Andries van der Sluys, at the Esopus, to Dir. Stuyvesant, 
 
 asking to be appointed schoolmaster at Esopus 91 
 
 Letter from Sergt. Lourens, at the Esopus, to Dir. Stuyvesant ; the bridge 
 
 swept away; failure of the oats crop; the Director's farm 91 
 
 Minutes of the Court at Fort Orange. Mohawks come to inquii-e for the 
 
 Frenchman, whom they brought in two months before; desire to go to 
 
 Canada and make a peace with the French 92 
 
 Minute of the Directoi-'s departure for the Esopus 93 
 
 Proposals made to the Esopus Indians and their answers 93 
 
 Instructions for Ensign Dirck Smith, commander at the Esopus 95 
 
 Letter of Jacob Jansen StoU, at the Esopus, to Dir. Stuyvesant; the 
 
 Indians do not surrender the land according to agreement 96 
 
 Letter from the same to the same; the Indians have made a conveyance 
 
 of the land as agreed and ask for a present 96 
 
 1659. Feb. 13. E.\tract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant ; they 
 approve of the proceedings at the Esopus and will send clergymen 98 
 
 Court Proceedings at Fort Orange. Action about a bridge at Esopus. ... 98 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant in regard 
 
 to copper mines in the Nevesingh and a crystal mountain in the Katskils, 99 
 Letter from Sergt. Lourens to Dir. Stuyvesant on affairs at the Esopus. . . 99 
 Extract from a letter of Dir. Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland ; 
 
 nothing is known of a copper mine in the Nevesinghs 100 
 
 Letter from Sergt. Lourens to Dir. Stuyvesant ; the Indians are dissatisfied, 
 
 and the crops had to be cut imder an armed guard 100 
 
 Minute of the Court of Fort Orange. Arrival of Major-General Haw- 
 thorn and Captain John Pinchon, proposing to take up land east of 
 
 "Wappingers creek 101 
 
 Aug. 11. Letter of Dir. Stuyvesant to Sergt. Lourens at the Esopus; Eev. Dr. 
 
 Bloem proceeds thither to take charge of the congregation 101 
 
 May 
 May 
 
 28, 
 3L 
 
 June 
 July 
 
 30. 
 11. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 8. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 13. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 26. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 3. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 28. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 28. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 8. 
 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 
 9. 
 15. 
 18. 
 28. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 29. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 13. 
 
 Apr. 
 Apr. 
 
 5. 
 25. 
 
 May 
 July 
 
 24. 
 23. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 i. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 4. 
 
2hhle of Contents. xiii 
 
 Page. 
 
 Aug. 11. Letter from the same to Sergt. Lonrens at the Esopns ; rev. Mr. Megapo- 
 
 leiisia proceeds thither; increased vigilance recommended 102 
 
 Aug. 17. I^roposals of tiie Esopus Indians and the answers of tlie Dutch thereto.. . 102 
 
 Aug. 17. Petition of inhabitants of the Esopus requesting, that the Rev. Mr. Bloeni 
 
 he appointed their minister WA 
 
 No date. Statement regarding the fears of the people at the Esopus and their 
 
 reasons for it 104 
 
 Aug. 21. Letter from Sergt. Lourens to Dir. Stuyvesant; Indian news and request 
 
 for supplies 105 
 
 Sept. 1. Letter from the same to the same ; the Estipus Indians arc preparing for 
 
 war 105 
 
 Sept. 4. Proposals made by the Esopus Indians 106 
 
 Sept. 4. E.xtract from a letter of Dir. Stuyvesant to the Dii'ectors in Holland ; a 
 settlement on Wa])pingers kil recommended ; Indian murders and causes 
 thereof ; reinforcements sent to the Esopus 107 
 
 Sept. 6. ) Minutes of the Court at Fort Orange. Propositions made by the Mohawks, 
 
 Sept. 16. ) and action thereon 108 
 
 Sept. 17. E.xtract from a letter of Dir. Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland ; no 
 news from the Esopus, but reinf oi'cements have been sent there ; equip- 
 ments for cavalry required ; Rev. Harmanus Bloem to go to the Esopus ; 
 settlement on Wappingers kil again urged 110 
 
 Sept. 17. Letter from Jacob Jansen S toll, at the Esopus, to Dir. Stuyvesant; all 
 
 quiet on the Esopus Ill 
 
 Sept. 24. Final answer given to the Mohawks at their first Castle Kaghnuwaga. . . . 112 
 
 Sept. 27. Order, given by the Court at Fort Orange, that no ofiense shall be given 
 
 to the Indians under severe penalties 114 
 
 Sept. 22. ( Letter from Ensign Smith to Dir. Stuyvesant, enclosing a report of theris- 
 
 Sept. 29. i ingof the Esopus Indians and of a collision with them; war is declared 114 
 
 Sept. 20. Letter from Vice-Director Lamontagneat Fort Orange to Stuyvesant with 
 
 particuliirs of the troubles at the Esopus 115 
 
 Sept. 20. Letter from Jacob Jansen Stoll and others at the Esopus to Stuyvesant re- 
 porting the late conflict with the Indians 116 
 
 No date. Declaration made by inhabitants and soldiers at the Esopu.s, that Ensign 
 
 Smith did not order an attack on the Indians 117 
 
 Se^it. 29. Letter from Ensign Smith at Esopus to Vice-Director La Montague at Fort 
 
 Orange ; progress of the war with the Indians 1 17 
 
 No date. Letter from inhabitants of the Eso])us to Dir. Stuyvesant ; the settlers are 
 
 besieged in the Fort; no blame can be attached to Ensign Smith 118 
 
 Oct. 3. Letter from Sergt. Lowrens to the same, written while a prisoner among 
 
 the Indians 119 
 
 No date. Declaration of certain Katskil Indians as to the origin of the collision with 
 
 the Indians at the Esopus 119 
 
 Oct. 9. Extract from a Letter of the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant ; Melyn 
 surrenders the patroonship of Staten Island ; no new colonics to be 
 established in New-Netherland 121 
 
 Oct. 19. Propositions made by the Mohawks to the Court of Fort Orange 122 
 
xiv Table of Contents. 
 
 Page. 
 
 1659. Oct. 20. Letter from Ensign Smith at the Esopus to Dir. Stuyvesant; progress of 
 
 affairs 122 
 
 " Oct. 21. Letter from Vice-Director LaMontagne at Eort Orange to Ensign Smith; 
 Moliawk and Mohigan delegates are sent to the Esopus to arrange an 
 armistice 123 
 
 " Oct. 29. Extract from a Letter of Dir. Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland ; bad 
 condition of the country ; siege of Esopus ; failure to raise volunteers ; 
 Stuyvesant at the Esopus with reinforcements 123 
 
 " Nov. 1. Letter from Ensign Smith to Dir. Stuyvesant ; an armistice concluded with 
 
 the Indians at the Esopus 126 
 
 " Nov. 13. Letter from the same to Yice-Dlrector La Montagne at Fort Orange ; pro- 
 gress of affairs at the Esopus 127 
 
 " Nov. 18. Coui-t minutes of Fort Orange. On the situation with the Esopus In- 
 dians 127 
 
 " Dec. 11. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant (in his own hand) to Ensign Smith at the Eso- 
 pus ; instructions for the ti'eatment of the Indians 128 
 
 " Dec. 17. Letter from Ensign Smith to Dir. Stuyvesant ; reports on the state of affairs 
 
 at the Esopus 129 
 
 " Dec. 22. Extract from a Letter of the Directors in Holland to Dir. Stuyvesant; 
 English settlements on the North river must be prevented ; Kev. Har- 
 manus Bloem returns to New-Netherland 129 
 
 " Dec. 26. Extract from a letter of Dir. Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland ; atti- 
 tude of the savages at the Esopus 130 
 
 " Deo. 28. Letter from Ensign Smith to Mr. La Montagne at Fort Orange on aft'airs at 
 
 the Esopus 131 
 
 " Dec. 28. Letter from the same to Dir. Stuyvesant on the same subject 132 
 
 1660. Jan. 16. Letter from Abraham Staas of Beverwyck to Dir. Stuyvesant; disposition 
 
 of the Esopus Indians ; the Mohawks promise to make peace with the 
 
 Canada Indians 132 
 
 " Jan. 16. Letter from Yice-Director La Montagne at Fort Orange to the same report- 
 ing progress of the affairs at the Esopus 133 
 
 " Jan. 19. Letter from Ensign Smith to the same; ague prevalent at the Esopus; 
 
 heavy snow storms 134 
 
 " Jan. 29. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to (Ensign Smith) at the Esopus recommend- 
 ing caution and civility towards the Indians 134 
 
 " Feb. 5. Letter from Ensign Smith to Vice-Director LaMontagne; condition of 
 
 affaii's at his post; strength of his garrison 135 
 
 ] Proposals of Dir. Stuyvesant to the Council regarding the measures to be 
 adopted against the liostile Indians at the Esopus and answers of the 
 
 Council 135 
 
 Resolution to declare war against the Esopus Indians 14:2 
 
 Extract from a letter of Dir. Stuyvesant to the Vice-Director at Cura9ao ; 
 regarding negroes, who are to be sent fi'om there to the Manhattans and 
 
 miglit be employed against the Indians 142 
 
 Feb. 24. Letter from Ensign Smith to Vice-Dir. La Montagne ; affairs at the Eso- 
 pus -. 143 
 
 Feb. 
 
 9. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 12. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 12. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 17. 
 
Tahle of Contents. xv 
 
 Page. 
 
 1660. Feb. 25. Petition of Nicolas Varleth for the use of the Company's yacht for a voy- 
 age to Virginia and Resolution to grant the petition and send an offi- 
 cer in it to Virginia to enlist soldiers 144 
 
 " Feb. 25. Proclamation appointing a day of general fasting and prayer on account of 
 
 the Indian troubles 144 
 
 " Feb. 27. Commission of Nicolas Varleth and Bryan Newton as envoys to Virginia 
 
 and their instructions 145 
 
 " Mar. 6. Treaty of Peace renewed with Long Island, Staten-Islaud and New Jer- 
 sey Indians 147 
 
 " Mar. 9. Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Dir. Stuyvesant ; the 
 Esopus Indians must be punished ; no English settlement near Fort 
 
 Orange can be permitted 149 
 
 " Mar. 15. Minute of the appearance in Council of the Chief of the Wappings, sent 
 
 by the Esoj^us to make peace with the Dutch 150 
 
 " Mar. 15. Commission providing for the administration of public affairs during the 
 
 Director's absence at the Esopus 151 
 
 " Mar. IS. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant in the Esopus to Secretary van Ruyven ; the 
 
 Esopus Indians have been attacked and defeated 151 
 
 " Mar. 22. Letter from Secretary van Ruyven to the villages near New- Amsterdam, 
 
 warning them against surprises by Indians 152 
 
 Proclamation of war against the Esopus Indians 152 
 
 Muster roll of the Company at the Esopus 153 
 
 Letter from Ensign Smith to Dir. Stuyvesant ; affairs at the Esopus 154 
 
 Letter from the Directors in Holland to Dir. Stuyvesant ; Rev. Ilarmanus 
 
 Bloem goes to take charge of tlie chui-ch at Esopus 155 
 
 Resolutions adopted by the Court of Rensselaerwj'ck during the Esopus 
 
 troubles 155 
 
 Letter from Ensign Smith to Dir. Stuyvesant ; the Esopus Indians are 
 
 growing very insolent 156 
 
 Letter from the same to Secr'y van Ruyven ; skirmish with the Indians. 157 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors to Stuyvesant ; Roeloff Swartwout 
 
 appointed Sheriff at the Esopus ; Rev. Bloera 158 
 
 Commission and Instructions for the new Sheriff at the Esopus 158 
 
 Order directing the people living scattered throughout the country, to form 
 
 hamlets and villages ICO 
 
 Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to Ensign Smith at the Esopus; the attack on 
 
 the Indians approved and reinforcements sent 160 
 
 Letter from the same to Vice-Dir. La Montague at Fort Orange ; informa- 
 tion recjuested whether other Indians are in league with the Esopus .... 161 
 Letter from the Magistrates at Fort Orange to Ensign Smith at the Esopus, 
 with proposals made by Katskil and Mohigan Indians in regard to the 
 
 Esopus 161 
 
 Apr. 21. Extract from a Letter of Dir. Stuyvesaiit to the Directors in Holland ; the 
 English project of a settlement on the North river ; rej)ort on the Eso- 
 pus war 162 
 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 
 25. 
 29. 
 
 29. 
 29. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 1. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 5. 
 
 Apr. 
 Apr. 
 
 9. 
 16. 
 
 Apr. 
 Apr. 
 
 1.5. 
 12. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 15. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 15. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 21. 
 
Table of Contents. 
 
 Page. 
 
 1660. Apr. 24. Letter from Ensign Smith to Dir. Stuy vesant ; all quiet on the Esopus; 
 
 negotiations with the Indians 164 
 
 Letter from Dir. Stujvesant to Ensign Smith witli directions for the nego- 
 tiations with and treatment of the Indians 165 
 
 Instructions for Claes de Ruyter, sent to the Esopus to negotiate with the 
 Indians 1(55 
 
 Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to Ensign Smith ; state of affairs ; the agri- 
 cultural unportance of Esopus - 166 
 
 Conference between the Director-General and his Council and the Chiefs 
 of the New Jersey, "Westchester, etc. tribes. Peace concluded with the 
 Wappings 166 
 
 Conference between Dir. Stuyvesant and three chiefs of the Mohicans con- 
 cerning a peace with the Esopus Indians 168 
 
 Resolution in Council to transport to Cura9ao all but two or three of the 
 lately captured Esopus Indians 169 
 
 Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to Ensign Smith at the Esopus ; desires to 
 treat directly with the Esopus Indians ; hostilities against them to be 
 renewed, if they do not seem willing to sue for peace 169 
 
 Letter from Ensign Smith to Dir. Stuyvesant ; a raid made on an Indian 
 village and its result 170 
 
 Confei-ence between the Director-General and the Chiefs of Ilackensack 
 and Ilaverstraw. An armistice is granted to the Esopus Indians 171 
 
 Commission for Claes de Ruyter to accompany the Chiefs to Esopus to 
 receive the proposals of the Indians there and his instructions 172 
 
 Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to Ensign Smith, directing him to cease hos- 
 tilities, if the Esopus Indians are willing to make peace 174 
 
 Letter from Ensign Smith to Dir. Stuyvesant, with the particulars of a 
 conference held with the Esopus Indians 1 74 
 
 llcsolution in Council, that the Director proceed to the Esopus and con- 
 clude a peace with the Indians 174 
 
 Letter from Vice-Dir. La Montague, at Fort Orange, to Stuyvesant ; In- 
 dian brokers ; Mohawks and Senecas cut off a French fort 175 
 
 Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to Ensign Smith respecting affairs at the Esopus 175 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Director and Council to the Directors in Hol- 
 land ; they defend their course against the Indians and object to the 
 
 appointment of a sheriff at the Esopus 176 
 
 June 29. Petition of Dirck Jansen and another for payment of hire for their sloop, 
 
 used for the public service at Esopus and order thereon 177 
 
 June 29. Order for the transportation to Cura9ao of the captured Indians 178 
 
 July 5. Appointment of Martin Cregier and Oloff" Stevenson van Cortland to 
 
 accompany the Director to the Esopus 178 
 
 July 5. Extract fi-om a letter of Dir. Stuyvesant to the Vice-Director at Curasao, 
 
 regarding the Indians sent there 179 
 
 July 15. Treaty of peace concluded with the Esopus Indians 179 
 
 July 26. Extract from a letter of the Council to the Directors in Holland communi- 
 cating the conclusion of the peace at the Esopus 1^1 
 
 Apr. 
 
 24. 
 
 May 
 
 5. 
 
 May 
 
 5. 
 
 May 
 
 12. 
 
 May 
 
 18. 
 
 May 
 
 24. 
 
 May 
 
 25. 
 
 May 
 
 25. 
 
 May 
 
 30. 
 
 June 
 
 3. 
 
 June 
 
 3. 
 
 June 
 
 3. 
 
 June 
 
 22. 
 
 June 
 
 21. 
 
 June l.">. 
 
 June 18. 
 Jmie 25. 
 
Tahle of Contents. 
 
 xvii 
 
 Aug. 5. Minute of tlie return of tlie Director and party from the Esopus and 
 
 Journal of the Director, including report of a 181 
 
 July 25. Conference held at Fort Orange between the Director-General and the 
 
 Senceas 184^ 
 
 Aug. 17. Lease of a farm at Claverack (Columbia county) 186 
 
 Sept. 2. Petition of Rev. Hermanus Bloem and Rev. Heuricus Selynus for an 
 allowance for board while delayed on the way to their destination, resp. 
 the Esopus and Brooklyn 186 
 
 Sept. 20. Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Dir. Stuy vesant ; 
 news of the peace with the Esopus received with pleasure ; are aston- 
 ished at the objections to Swartwout's appointment as sheriff at the 
 Esopus 1 87 
 
 Sept. 23. ) ^ 
 
 o ^ OA f Petitions for payment for losses and expenses during the Indian troul)les. 188 
 
 Oct. 6. Extract from a letter of Dir. Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland ; Rev. 
 
 Bloem in charge at Esopus; Sergt. Lourens returns to Holland well 
 
 recommended 189 
 
 Nov. 27. Report of Dir. Stuyvesant's visit to Esopus and Fort Orange 189 
 
 Dec. 9. Extract from a letter of Dir. Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland ; 
 
 fears are entertained that the peace with the Esopus Indians will not be 
 
 of long duration 190 
 
 Dec. 13. Letter from Sergt. Christian N"yssen, at the Esopus, to Dir. Stuyvesant on 
 
 the state of affairs at the Esopus 190 
 
 Jan. 22. Proposals made by the chiefs of the Mohawks at Fort Orange 191 
 
 Jan. 29. Letter from the Magistrates at Fort Orange to Dir. Stuyvesant ; peace 
 
 negotiations among the Indians 191 
 
 Jan. 25. Indian deed for an island in the Esopus 192 
 
 Feb. 2. Deposition in regard to the division of land at the Esopus in 1054 192 
 
 Feb. 8. Indian deed for an island in Hudson's river opposite Bethlehem (Albany 
 
 county) 193 
 
 Feb. 15. (0. s.) Letter from John Stickland, at Huntington, L. I., to , 
 
 retpiesting him to ascertain, whether the place called Achter Cull be 
 
 open to settlement 193 
 
 Mar. 4. Contract between inhabitants of Esopus and Rev. H. Bloem . 194 
 
 Mar. 25. Ordinance of the Court of Rensselaerswyck forbidding the trading with 
 
 Indians in the woods 194 
 
 Apr. 16. Extract from a letter of Dir. Stuyvesant to the Vice-Director at Curasao, 
 
 recalling the Indian prisoners sent there 194 
 
 Apr. 29. Letter from John Stickland, of Huntington, L. I., to Capt. Brian Newton, 
 
 inquiring whether the country on the Achter Cull is open for settlement 195 
 
 May 2. Allotment and distribution of lots in the Esopus 195 
 
 May 5. Appointment of Magistrates for the Esopus settlement 196 
 
 May 16. Instructions for the Court of Justice at Wiltwyck 196 
 
 May 16. Petition of Roeloff Swartwout to be appointed sheriff for the Esopus 
 
 settlement 199 
 
 o 
 
Table of Contents. 
 
 Pace. 
 
 May 23. His commission as sheriff 199 
 
 May 23. Council Minute. Cornelis Melyn refuses to surrender the soil of Staten 
 
 Island to the W. I. Company 200 
 
 June 14. Letter from Sheriff Swartwout to Dir. Stuyvesant acknowledging the 
 
 receipt of the instructions and asking for copies of ordinances 201 
 
 June 15. Muster-roll of the Company at the Esopus 201 
 
 June 16. Eeport of Claes de Ruyter on the result of his visit to the Esopus Indians, 202 
 June 18. Letter from Arent van Curler, at Rensselaerswyck, to Dir. Stuyvesant, 
 requesting authority to purchase and settle a great flat back of Fort 
 
 Orange (Schenectady), and order granting the request 202 
 
 June 24. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant and Council to the Commissaries at Fort 
 Orange in answer to a remonstrance against the settlement of the great 
 
 Mohawk flat (Schenectady) 203 
 
 July 21. Extract from a letter of the same to the Directors in Holland ; the Esopus 
 and other Indians suspected of evil designs ; the militia question dis- 
 cussed; Swartwout, Sheriff of Esopus; condition of Staten Island 204 
 
 Axig. 22. Petition of Peter Billon and other recently arrived emigrants for land on 
 
 Staten Island 206 
 
 Aug. 27. Report on the state of feeling among the Katskil and Esopus Indians 207 
 
 Sept. 5. Commission of Tieleman van Vleek as Sheriff of Bergen (N. J.) 207 
 
 Sept. 5. Ordinance erecting a Court of Justice at Bergen (N. J.) 208 
 
 Nov. 8. Letter from Matthew Gilbert of Milford, Conn., to Dir. Stuyvesant, in the 
 name of a company in New England, who desire to settle at Achter Cull, 
 and Propositions agreed upon in behalf of the company to be submitted 
 
 to Dir. Stuyvesant 208 
 
 Nov. 28. Answer of Dir. Stuyvesant and Council to the foregoing 210 
 
 Nov. 12. Ordinance imposing a land tax at Esopus to defray the expenses of build- 
 ing a house for the minister 211 
 
 Nov. 18. Ordinance for the observance of the Sabbath, prevention of fires, etc., at 
 
 Esopus 211 
 
 Ordinance for the construction of a new road in the Esopus 211 
 
 Ordinance for the speedy collection of arrears due on the house and salary 
 
 of the minister at Esopus 211 
 
 Account of the excise in Wiltwyck 212 
 
 Extract from a letter of Vice-Dir. La Montagne, at Fort Orange, to Stuy- 
 vesant, regarding bricks purchased for and sent to Domine Bloem at 
 
 Esopus 212 
 
 Ordinance directing the fencing and improving of the lands and lots at 
 
 the Esopus 213 
 
 Names of persons wlio supplied wheat at the Esopus, and list of those 
 
 who subscribed for the support of the preacher 213 
 
 Order on a petition of the ferryman between Bergen (N. J.) and the 
 
 Manhattans, for the establishment of rates of ferriage 214 
 
 Petition of the inhabitants of Bergen (N. J.) for additional land and order 
 thereon 214 
 
 Nov. 
 
 22. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 24. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 15. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 19. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 25. 
 
 No date. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 22. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 22. 
 
lahle of Contents. xix 
 
 Page. 
 1662. Jan. o. Court Proceedings. Judgment in a suit for expenses incurred in canning 
 
 dispatches during the hite Esopus war 215 
 
 " Jan. 12. Letter from the magistrates at Fort Orange to Dir. Stuyvesant ; the grant 
 
 made to Arent van Curler of the Great Flat on the Mohawk 215 
 
 " Feb. 12. Ordinance of the Court of Bergen (N. J.) for the construction of a public 
 
 well in the village 216 
 
 " Mar. 11. Further answer of Dir. Stuyvesant to the proposals of Gilbert and others 
 of New Haven, stating the conditions on which they may settle at 
 
 Achter Cull, with a private letter to Mr. Eobert Treat 216 
 
 " Mar. 30. "Warrant empowering the Hackensack chiefs to seize any brandy found in 
 their country and bring it with the persons selUng it to New Amster- 
 dam 218 
 
 " Apr. 6. Petition of Arent van Curler for a survey of the Great Flat on the Mohawk, 219 
 " Apr. 6. Petition of Philipp Pieterse Schuyler and others for leave to plant a new 
 
 village at the Great Esopus .' 219 
 
 " May 4. Lease of lot No. 1 in the new village at the Esopus 220 
 
 " May 30. Further answer to the proposals of the New Haven Company concerning 
 
 the settlement on the Achter Cull 221 
 
 " June 15. Minute of Council, rejecting the petition of Jurian Teunisseu to keep a 
 
 tavern at Esopus 222 
 
 " June 29. Petition of Sergt. Nyssen, at the Esopus, for an increase of pay 222 
 
 " July 15. Extract from a letter of Dir. Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland on 
 
 the militia question ; threats of the Esopus Indians 223 
 
 " July 21. Council Minute. Letters received from the Governors of Massachusetts 
 and Nova Scotia complaining of an attack made by the Mohawks on one 
 
 of the English trading posts 224 
 
 " Aug. 1. A copy of propositions made unto the Macpias by Thomas Gardner and 
 Nathl. Walker, of Peuobscott Fort, and a true relation of the Maques 
 
 coming to Peuobscott Fort, and M'hat they did 224 
 
 " -^^ig- 5. Ordinances regulating the trade with the Indians 227 
 
 " Aug. 16. Letter from Sheriff Swartwout at the Esopus to Dir. Stuyvesant concern- 
 ing a recent alarm at the Esopus and its cause 227 
 
 " Sept. 5. Letter from the same to the same; affairs at the Esopus; evils arising from 
 
 the unlimited sale of liquor to Indians 228 
 
 No date. Kevenue and Expenditures of the Village of Wiltwyck, including the build- 
 ing of the Minister's house ; list of the lots newly laid out and of the 
 
 old lots 229 
 
 " Sept. 26. Contract to do farm work at Schenectady 231 
 
 " Oct. 16. Appointment of Magistrates for the village of Bergen 231 
 
 " Oct. 16. Ordinance against the burning of straw and otlier refuse combustibles in 
 
 WUtwyck 231 
 
 " Oct. 11. Petition of the Magistrates of Wiltwyck for a supply of powder and lead 231 
 " Nov. 27. Ordinance against selling grain at the Esopus by the unstamped measure. 232 
 " Nov. 27. Ordinance against receiving in pawn arms, clothing, etc., belonging to 
 
 soldiers stationed at Wiltwyck 23_i 
 
 " Nov. 27. Ordinance against making openings in the pallisades around Wiltwyck . . . 232 
 
XX Table of Contents. 
 
 Paor. 
 
 1662. No date. Petition of the Magistrates of Bergen (N. J.) asking to be provided \dth 
 
 a clergyman with lists of those, who will contribute to his support .... 232 
 " Dec. 28. Petition of inhabitants of Bergen (N. J.) and Communipaw against fencing 
 
 in certain lands and order thereon 231 
 
 " Dec. 28. Summons to the Sheriff and Magistrates of Bergen (N. J.) to answer a 
 
 complaint made by the ferryman 234 
 
 1663. Jan. 4. Order for the survey of a certain tract of land in dispute at Bergen 235 
 
 " Jan. 4. Order in the case of the Ferryman of Bergen against the Magistrates. . . . 235 
 " Jan. 15. Letter from Thomas Chambers and other militia officers of Wiltwyck to 
 
 Dir. Stuyvesant, complaining that the Magistrates had pulled down an 
 Ordinance for the regulation of the militia enclosing the Ordinance. . . . 235 
 
 " Jan. 24. Letter from the Magistrates of "Wiltwyck to Dir. Stuyvesant ; danger of 
 selling liquor to the Indians ; the new village ; reasons for disapproving 
 the foregoing ordinance 237 
 
 " Mar. — . Nomination of Magistrates for "Wiltwyck 238 
 
 " Mar. 30. Ordinance passed by the Director-General, while at the Esopus, for the per- 
 fecting of titles to land at "Wiltwyck and for the more speedy settlement 
 of the place 239 
 
 " Mar. 26. Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant ; they ap- 
 prove of the proposed English Colony at Achter Cull ; war between the 
 Mohawks and the English ; necessity of acquiring the Mohawk country ; 
 immense beaver trade of the Senecas 239 
 
 " Apr. 5. Appointment of officers for "Wiltwyck 240 
 
 " Apr. 5. Deed to Hendrick Cornelissen for land on the Esopus 240 
 
 " Mar. 31. Petition of Cornells Barentsen Slecht for a grant of certain lands at the 
 
 Esopus and order thereon 241 
 
 '• Mar. 7. Petition of the Overseers of the New "Village on the Esopus, praying that 
 measures be adopted to pacify the Indians and a military force be sent 
 for their protection 242 
 
 " Mar. 23. Like petition of the Owners of the New Village, praying also for the 
 
 right of way through "Wiltwyck 243 
 
 " May 10. Order in Council on the foregoing petitions 243 
 
 " May 9. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to (Vice-Dir. La Montagne) at Fort Orange ; 
 a surveyor goes to survey and lay out lots on the Great Mohawk Flat 
 (Schenectady) ; a pledge to be signed by the settlers before they can 
 obtain land 244 
 
 " May 19. Extract from a letter of Vice-Dir. La Montagne to Dir. Stuyvesant; the 
 
 settlers on the Great Mohawk Flat refuse to sign the pledge 244 
 
 " June 10. Letter from the Magistrates at "Wiltwyck to Dir. Stuyvesant ; massacre at 
 
 the Esopus ; the village destroyed 245 
 
 List of the soldiers and settlers killed, M'ounded and missing on the 7th 
 June, 1C63 ■. 245 
 
 " June 11. Petition of Christ. Davids for permission to re-enter on land on the Esopus, 
 
 from which he had been driven by the Indians 247 
 
 " June 12. Circular-letter to tiie towns around New- Amsterdam notifying them of the 
 
 Esopus massacre 248 
 
Table of Contents. 
 
 XXI 
 
 Page. 
 
 1663. June 14. Instructions for the niilitaiy .<ind civil officers at Wilfwj'ck 249 
 
 " June 15. Letter from Dir. Stuy vesant to the Magistrates at Fort Orange ; affairs at 
 
 the Esopus 249 
 
 " June 16. Letter from the Magistrates of Wiltwyck to Dir. Stuy vesant ; report on 
 
 the progress of affairs 25 1 
 
 " June 16. Resohition in Council to make war against the Esopus and employ the 
 
 Mohawks to recover the prisoners 251 
 
 " June IS. Ordinance against carrying on any Indian trade at Schenectady 253 
 
 " June IS. Petitions of the settlers at Schenectady fur permission to cultivate their 
 
 lands and order thereon 253 
 
 " June 19. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to Vice-Dir. La Montague at Fort Orange ; 
 
 means adopted for the release of the captured people 254 
 
 " JuTie 19. Instructions for Councillor Jolian de Decker sent to Fort Orange on pub- 
 lic business 255 
 
 " June 20. Report of the Magistrates at Wiltwyck on the massacre by the Indians. . 256 
 
 " June 23. Letter from the Magistrates at Fort Orange to Dir. Stuyvesant ; little pros- 
 pect for the release of the prisoners 258 
 
 " June 23. Letter from Vice-Dir. La Montague to the same ; the defenceless condition 
 
 of Fort Orange 258 
 
 " June 23. Letter from the Magistrates of Wiltwyck to the Owners of the New Vil- 
 lage ; state of affairs there 258 
 
 " June 23. Minute of the Director-General's visit to Hempstead endeavoring to enlist 
 
 Englishmen against the Indians 259 
 
 " June 25. Proclamation calling out volunteers for the war against the Esopus Indians 259 
 
 " June 26. Letter from Councillor de Decker at"Beverw3'ck to Dir. Stuyvesant ; efforts 
 
 for the release of the prisoners at the Esopus 260 
 
 " June 27. Proposals made to the Chiefs of Hackensack and Staten-Island and their 
 
 answers 261 
 
 " June 27. Notice that the Esopus Indians are on the war path and warning all people 
 
 to be on their guard 263 
 
 " June 2S. Letter from the Owners of the New Village on the Esopus to Dir. Stuy- 
 vesant, respecting the loss of their cattle 263 
 
 " June 29. Letter from Vice-Dir. La Montague at Fort Orange to Dir. Stuyvesant ; 
 repairs of the fort delayed ; efforts to recover the Christian prisoners ; new 
 fort at Greenbush : 264 
 
 " June 29. Letter from Councillor de Decker at Fort Orange to the same ; the Christian 
 
 prisoners ; complaints against the Esopus Magistrates 265 
 
 " June 29. Letter from Robert Treat of Milford, Conu., to the same in regard to the 
 
 proposed settlement on the Kil van Kol 266 
 
 " June 29. Letter from Sec'y Capito at Wiltwyck to the same ; his wife killed and 
 
 burned with all his property ; requests a supply of clothing 267 
 
 " June 29. Letter from Councillor de Decker to the same ; information respecting the 
 
 prisoners ; no volunteers obtainable at Fort Orange 268 
 
 " June 30. Appointment of military officers for Bergen and Coram unipaw 268 
 
 " June 30. Commission of Martin Cregier to be Captain-Lieutenant and Commander 
 
 of the Forces, with his instructions for the war against the Esopus Indians 268 
 
July 
 
 3. 
 
 July 
 
 i. 
 
 July 
 
 4. 
 
 July 
 
 5. 
 
 No date. 
 
 July 
 July 
 
 5. 
 9. 
 
 Table of Contents. 
 
 Paoe. 
 1663. July 3. Eeport of Lieut. Couwenhoven and others of their ill success in raising 
 
 volunteers on Long Island 270 
 
 Letter from the military officers at Bergen to Dir. Stuyvesaut ; express 
 
 their willingness to furnish their quota 271 
 
 Information given by Rachel La Montague van Imborgh, late a jjrisoner 
 
 among the Esopus Indians 271 
 
 Letter from Capt. Cregier to Dir. Stuyvesant ; reports his arrival at the 
 
 Esopus ; escape of Mrs. van Imborgh 272 
 
 Report of the Indians sent to negotiate with the Esopus tribe (beginning 
 
 lost) ; 273 
 
 Minute of the Court of Wiltwyck in regard to the preceding report 275 
 
 Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to the authorities at Fort Orange ; the Kats- 
 
 kil Indians must not harbor any Esopus 275 
 
 July 10. Conference between Stuyvesant and the Sachems of the River and Staten 
 
 Island tribes ' 276 
 
 July 12. Ordinance for the arrest of hostile Indians 277 
 
 July 12. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to the Magistrates at Fort Orange; he offers 
 
 to pay a reward for the release of the Christian prisoners 277 
 
 July 12. Letter from the same to Councillor de Decker ; Serg't Nyssen promoted 
 for his successful attack on the Indians ; peace with the Indians around 
 
 Manhattans 278 
 
 July 20. Extract from a letter of the same to the Vice-Director at Cura9ao ; the war 
 against the Esopus Indians and the resources of the country ; assistance 
 
 in merchandise required from Cura9ao 279 
 
 Minute of Council. The offer of Eastei-n Indians to march against the 
 
 Esopus accepted 280 
 
 Proposals of the Ilackensack Indians to sell their lands on the Kil van 
 Kull ; efforts of the Esopus Iiidians to engage the Minisinghs on their 
 
 side 280 
 
 Concessions to be granted to the Englishmen who desire to settle on the 
 
 Kil van Kul, and letter to that effect to Robert Treat, of Milford, Conn., 281 
 Council Minute. The chief of the Wiechquaeskeks reports a rumor that 
 
 the Esopus Indians are coming 282 
 
 Letter from Job. La Montagne and Jer. van Rensselaer, at Fort Orange, to 
 Dir. Stuyvesaut ; they defend themselves against the charge of refusing 
 
 volunteers ; efforts for the release of the prisoners 283 
 
 July 30. Part of a letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to Capt. Cregier, at the Esopus ; the 
 
 Indians to be unrelentingly pursued 284 
 
 July 30. Instructions for Secr'y van Ruyvcn, sent to the Esopus on public business, 284 
 Aug. 3. Letter from Capt. Cn^gier, at the Esopus, to Dir. Stuyvesant ; reports an 
 attack on an Indian village ; Indian allies and Long Island volunteers 
 
 return home 286 
 
 Aug. 3. Minute of a Council of "War held at Wiltwyck on the proposed operations 
 
 against the Indians 287 
 
 Aug. 9. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to Capt. Cregier; directions to save the 
 
 harvest at the Esopus 287 
 
 July 
 
 20. 
 
 July 
 
 20. 
 
 July 
 
 20. 
 
 July 
 
 26. 
 
 July 
 
 28. 
 
Table of Contents. xxiii 
 
 Page. 
 
 1603. Aug. 9. Instructions for Lieut, van Couwenhoven, sent to renew the peace with 
 
 the Wappings and to procure the release of tlie pi-isoners 2SS 
 
 " Aug. 13. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to Lieut, van Couwenhoven, at Wappings 
 
 kil ; further instructions 289 
 
 " -A-Ug. 14. Letter from the same to Capt. Cj'egier, at Wiltwyck ; further instructions, 289 
 
 " Aug. 15. Conference with the Minissingh Indians on the renewal of the peace 289 
 
 " Aug. 27. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to Lieut, van Couwenhoven, at the Wajipings 
 
 kil ; no individual Indian to be released or exchanged 290 
 
 " Aug. 27. Letter from the authorities at Fort Oi-ange to Dir. Stuyvesant on Indian 
 
 affairs 29 1 
 
 " Aug. 29. Letter from Dir. Stuy\'esant and Council to Ca,])t. Cregier, comments on 
 
 and instructions for the Esopus campaign . . . .' 292 
 
 " Aug. 30. Council Minute. Information given concerning an intended massacre of 
 
 the whites on the North river, and in regard to the prisoners among the 
 
 Esopus 294 
 
 " Aug. 30. Information given by Oratam, chief of Ilackensack, aliout the Esopus 
 
 Indians 294 
 
 " Aug. 30. Order directing the surveyor to lay out land at Cergen (N. J.) 294 
 
 " Sept. 10. Council Minute. Information brought by an Indian of the defeat of the 
 
 Esopus and the recapture of the prisoners 294 
 
 " Sept. 13. Letter from the Coimcil to Capt. Cregier ; the \ictory over the Esopus 
 
 Indians won by him ; reinforcements sent 295 
 
 " Sept. 20. Proposals of the Marsepinghs (L. I.) Indians and answers thereto 295 
 
 " Sept. 21. Letter from the Council to Capt. Cregier, at the Esopus, with reinforce- 
 ments , 296 
 
 " Sept. 21. Letter from the same to the Magistrates at Fort Orange; Indian affairs. . 296 
 " Sept. 24. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant, at Boston, to the Vice-Director at Cura9ao, 
 
 with details of the defeat of the Esopus 297 
 
 " Sept. 26. Minute of proceedings at Fort Orange, with the Mohawks, regarding Col. 
 
 Temple's remonstrance against their making war on the Indians in his 
 
 government (Nova Scotia) 297 
 
 " Oct. 2. Letter from the Magistrates at Fort Orange transmitting the minutes to 
 
 Dir. Stuyvesant 298 
 
 " Oct. 15. Council Minute. Intelligence received that the Indians were about to 
 
 attack the Dutch at Hoboken, etc 299 
 
 " Oct. 16. Instructions for Lieut, van Couwenhoven to ascertain and prevent the 
 
 movements of the River Indians 300 
 
 " Oct. 16. Instructions for Mr. Verbraack and Sergt. van der Bosch, sent with Lieut. 
 
 van Couwenhoven 30 1 
 
 " Oct. 21. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to Lieut, van Couwenlioven ; instructions for 
 
 exchange of prisoners with the Indians 302 
 
 " Nov. 7. Letter from the same to Capt. Cregier; the peace with the Wa]ipinghs 
 
 just made violated by them 302 
 
 " Nov. 15. Ordinance for the better security and settlement of Bergen, N. J 303 
 
 " Nov. 15. Minute of Council. Permission given to North river Indians to fish near 
 
 Harlem 303 
 
Table of Conteiits. 
 
 Page. 
 Nov. 15. Letter from Vice-Dir. La Montague to Dir. Stuyvesant ; repairs of the 
 
 Fort Orange ; flight of the Mohegans 303 
 
 Nov. 19. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to Capt. Cregier ; the Wappings have not 
 
 broken the peace ; Capt. C. ordered to the Manhattans 304 
 
 Nov. 21. Listnictions for Lieut, van Couwcnhoven to ascertain the disposition of 
 
 the Esopus and Wapping Indians toward a peace 30-t 
 
 Nov. 2L Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to the Magistrates at Wiltwyck ; collections 
 
 for the church and for the poor ; superintendence of intestates' estates, 306 
 Nov. 21. Letter from the same to the Consistory of "Wiltwyck ; they are not to inter- 
 fere in matters concerning intestates' estates 307 
 
 Nov. 24. Letter from Vice-Dir. La Montagne to Dir. Stuyvesant ; letters received 
 
 from Col. Temple and Genl. Pinchon ; the Mohawks on the warpath . . 307 
 July 28. Message of the Indians of Agawam to the Dutch and answer to it by the 
 
 Mohawk chief Adogodqno 308 
 
 ny " oo' [ Conference with the Katskil Indians and Mohawks at Fort Orange 309 
 
 Dec. 3. Answer of Eev. Harm. Blora to Dir. Stuy vesant's letter concerning clerical 
 
 affairs at Wiltwyck 311 
 
 Dec. 6. Instructions given to Martin Ci-egier and Govert Loockermans for the 
 
 purchase of the Nevesingh country 311 
 
 Dec. 8. Complaint against people of Wiltwyck for driving from the village to the 
 
 Kedoubt without a convoy 312 
 
 Dec. 8. Petition for a lot near the Mill-gate at "Wiltwyck, and order thereon 313 
 
 Dec. 10. Council Minute. The Esopus and "Wappings are coming to conclude a 
 
 treaty of peace 314 
 
 Dec. 6 - 11. Journal of a voyage to the Nevesinghs by Capt. Cregier 314 
 
 Dec. 12. Agreement made by the Nevesingh Indians to sell their lands to the Dutch, 316 
 Dec. 12. Letters from the Magistrates at "Wiltwyck to Dir. Stuyvesant on general 
 
 matters and the quarrel with the church 317 
 
 Dec. 17. Petition of the Schout and Magistrate of Bergen that Engelbert Steen- 
 
 huysen shall perform his contract as school master ; ordered accordingly, 318 
 Dec. 19. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to the Magistrates at Wiltwyck ; he censures 
 
 them for their insolent letter of the 12th ; the Sheriff suspended and 
 
 removal of the Magistrates threatened 319 
 
 Dec. 19. Letter from the same to Sergt. Nyssen, censuring him for disobedience of 
 
 orders 320 
 
 Conference with the chiefs of Ilackensack and Staten Island respecting a 
 
 continuance of tiie armistice with the Esopus 321 
 
 Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to Capt. Cregier ; armistice with the Esopus, 323 
 
 Journal of the Esopus war, by Captain Martin Cregier 323 
 
 Letter from Ensign Niessen, at the Esopus, to Dir. Stuyvesant ; departure 
 
 of Capt. Cregier ; great sickness prevailing 354 
 
 Letter from Vice-Dir. La Montagne and Jer. van Kensselaer to the same ; 
 
 the Mohawks' expedition into Maine 355 
 
 Letter from Ensign Niessen to the same; the sickness at the Esopus 
 
 increases 355 
 
 Dec. 
 
 28. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 29. 
 
 Dec. 29. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 4. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 8. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 11. 
 
Tahle of ContenU. xxv 
 
 Paoe. 
 166i. Jan. 21. Extract from a letter of Dir. Stiij-vesant to tlie Courts at Fort Orange and 
 
 Rensselaerswyck ; the Mohawks' losses in Maine; tlie dispersing of the 
 
 Esopus Indians 356 
 
 " Jan. 28. Ordinance establishing a Court of Justice for Staten Island 356 
 
 " Jan. 28. Council Minute. A redoubt to be constructed at the Newesinghs 356 
 
 " Feb. 14. Petition of Eoeloff Swartwout to be reinstated as Sheriff of the Esopus, 
 
 and order granting it 357 
 
 " Feb. 16. Council Minute. A Tappaan Indian's complaint against Jacob van 
 
 Couwenhoven ; the Nevesinghs lands and the English 358 
 
 " Feb. 18. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to the Magistrates of "Wiltwyck ; Swartwout 
 
 reinstated as Sheriff ; recall of the military ; Indian affairs 358 
 
 " Feb. 18. Letter from the same to Ensign Niessen ; orders to send down soldiers; 
 
 Indian affairs 359 
 
 " Feb. 21. Council Minute. Samuel Edsal's men at Bergen ; Noortwyck on the 
 
 North river 359 
 
 " Feb. 21. Petition for the coniirmation of certain rules, made by the Overseers for 
 
 the erection of a block-house at Bergen, N". J., and answer of the Coun- 
 cil 360 
 
 " Feb. 23. \ Conference with the Ilaekensack and Staten Island chiefs and Minissink 
 
 " Mar. 6. f Indians 361 
 
 " Mar. 17. Order granting a piece of land outside of the village of Bergen 362 
 
 " Mar. 17. Commission for Balthazar Bayard to be Clerk of the Court at Bergen 363 
 
 " Mar. 23. Eeport made by P. W. van Couwenhoven of information respecting 
 
 intrigues of the English with the Esopus and Wapping Indians 363 
 
 " Mar. 25. Conference with North i-iver Indians and the chief of Hackensack 364 
 
 " Mar. 26. Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to Ensign Niessen and the Magistrates of 
 
 "Wiltwyck ; Indian affairs 365 
 
 " Mar. 27. Letter from Ensign Niessen to Dir. Stuyvesant ; all quiet on the Esopus, 366 
 
 " Apr. 3. Appointment of Magistrates for Wiltwyck 366 
 
 " Apr. 5. Patent for a piece of land at Ahasimus, N. J 366 
 
 " Apr. 17. Order on a petition of Sander Lendertsen Glen and others for a survey of 
 
 land at Schenectady 367 
 
 " Apr. 21. Instructions for the Clerk of the Court of Wiltwyck 367 
 
 " Apr. 21. Letter from Ensign Niessen to Dir. Stuyvesant reporting the visit of an 
 
 Englishman at Wiltwyck, who said the English would possess New 
 
 Netherland in six or eight weeks 368 
 
 " Apr. 25. Petition of Thomas Chambers and Gysbert van Imborgh, delegates, asking 
 
 for amendments to the charter of Wiltwyck, and answer to it 369 
 
 " Apr. 25. Petition of Paulus and Jan van der Hyden concerning an estate at the 
 
 Esopus and order thereon 370 
 
 " Apr. 26. Conference with Hackensack Indians about the murder of a Dutchman, 
 
 committed by a Wapping Indian 371 
 
 " Apr. 26. Extract from a letter of Dir. Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland ; the 
 
 result of the Esopus war ; importance of the f nr trade 372 
 
xxvi lable of Contents. 
 
 Page. 
 
 1664. May 6. Letter from Rev. Hermanns Bloem to Dir. Stnyvesant, asking in the name 
 of the Consistory that the 7th of June be annually observed as a day of 
 
 thanksgiving at the Esopus 373 
 
 '" May 13. Lease of land at Schenectady 374 
 
 " May 15. Articles of the peace made with the Esopus Indians 375 
 
 ' May — . Letter from Dir. Stnyvesant to the authorities at Fort Orange ; transmits 
 the articles of peace concluded with the Esopus Indians ; the new vil- 
 lage at Esopus ; Schenectady 382 
 
 '• May 17. Conferences with the Mohawks at Fort Orange 378 
 
 Journal of John Dareth and Jacob Loockermans, sent to negotiate a treaty 
 
 of peace between the Mohawks and Northern Indians 380 
 
 '• May 20. Order directing the smweyor to lay out lands at Schenectady 383 
 
 " May 29. Grant of a piece of land at Bergen, N. J 383 
 
 " May 31. Proclamation for a day of thanksgiving on account of the peace with the 
 
 Esopus Indians 383 
 
 " June 9. Extract from a letter of Kev. Henricus Selyns to the Classis of Amsterdam ; 
 
 lack of ministers ; sad state of affaire in New Netherland 384 
 
 " June 23. Extract from the minutes of the Classis of Amsterdam 384 
 
 " July 4. Commission of William Beekman as Commissary at the Esopus, and his 
 
 instructions 385 
 
 " July 8. Proposal of one of the Esopus sachems to have provisions sent to their 
 
 country beyond Ilaverstraw 386 
 
 " July 10. Petition of Philipp Pieterse Schuyler and Goose Gerretsen van Schayck 
 
 for leave to purchase from the Mohegans the Halfmoon ; granted 387 
 
 " July 10. Petition of Thomas Powel and others for leave to purchase from the 
 
 Indians a piece of land between Kinderhook and Neutenhook ; granted, 388 
 
 " July 1 2. Conference with the Mohawks at Fort Orange 389 
 
 " July 17. Ordinance for the more careful navigation of the North river by sloop 
 
 captains : 389 
 
 " July 24. Council Minute. The Mohawks complain against the Northern Indians, 390 
 "X^ " -^ug. 4. Extract from a letter of Dir. Stnyvesant to the Directors in Holland ; the 
 
 intrigues of the English among the Indians 390 
 
 " Aug. 17. Extract from a letter of the Council to the same ; the Indian wars 390 
 
 " Aug. 14. Letter from Rev. Samuel Drisius to the Classis of Amsterdam ; state of 
 
 the Reformed Church 391 
 
 " Aug. 22. Petition of the inhabitants of Westchester to the English eommissionei-s, 391 
 
 " Aug. 27. Information of English intrigues with the Esopus Indians 392 
 
 " Aug. 29. Order directing the commander at the Esopus to bring down his soldiers, 
 
 as the English fleet is at Nyack, L. 1 392 
 
 Letter from Rev. Samuel Drisius to the Classis of Amsterdam ; the sur- 
 render of the province to the English 392 
 
Table of Contents. 
 
 SECOND PEZniOD. 
 
 The Province under English .Rule, from the Surrender hij the Dutch to the Estahlishment 
 of Counties. 166 4-— 168 4. 
 
 r'AGE. 
 
 1664. Oct. 17. License to purchase Indian lands at tlie Nevesinks ; a warrant to William 
 
 Goulding, etc 395 
 
 No date. Order directing the Magistrates of Bergen, N^. J., to receive and quarter a 
 
 garrison of soldiers 395 
 
 1665. Mar. 30. Permission to purchase Indian lands given to Phil. Pietei'se Schuyler (the 
 
 Halfinoon) 395 
 
 " Apr. 1. Like permission given to Joh. Clute and Jan Ilendr. Bruyn (Claverack). . 396 
 
 " Apr. 8. Patent for the Land at the Nevesinks, N. J 396 
 
 " Apr. 20. Indian deed for Caniskek (Athens, Greene county) 397 
 
 " Apr. 30. Order concerning, the settlement at the Nevesinks 398 
 
 " May 6. Indian deed for land near Kinderhook 399 
 
 " Oct. 7. An agreement made hetween Governor NichoUs and the Esopus Indians. . 399 
 " Dec. 28. Letter from Gov. NichoUs to the inhabitants of Westchester concerning the 
 
 limits of their town 402 
 
 1666. Apr. 29. Indian deed for land in Westchester county (Town of Harrison) 402 
 
 " July 3. Letter from Secretary Nicolls to Thomas PeU concerning his land in 
 
 Westchester 403 
 
 " July 7. Letter from the same to the constable and overseers of Westchester about 
 
 the division of land 404 
 
 " July 14. Oi'der forbidding the same to molest the inhabitants of the Ten Farms 
 
 about the meadow groimd 404 
 
 " Sept. 17. Letter from Secr'y Nicolls to Capt. Broadhead on behalf of Mathew Blan- 
 
 chard of Esopus 404 
 
 " Oct. 18. Extract from the minutes of the Classis of Amsterdam 405 
 
 " Dec. 11. Deed from Capt. Phil. Carteret and others to Daniel Pierce and others for 
 
 the land between the Paritau and Rawake rivers, N. J 405 
 
 1667. Apr. — . Papers relating to the Esopus mutiny 406 
 
 " Sept. 7. Wan-ant authorizing the inhabitants of Staten Island to elect civil officers, 415 
 
 1668. Apr. 8. Grant of land at the Esopus 416 
 
 " Aug. 27. Extract from the minutes of the Amsterdam Classis 416 
 
 " Aug. 27. Certificate in favor of Domine Megapolensis 416 
 
 " Sept. 3. Letter from Secr'y Nicolls to Ph. P. Schuyler regarding land at Hurley .. 417 
 
 " Sept. 5. Order concerning land claims at the Esopus 417 
 
 " Sept. 25. Order about the watch at the Esopus 417 
 
 " Sept. 26. The Governoi-'s answer to certain desires expressed by the inhabitants of 
 
 the Esopus 418 
 
 " Sept. 26. List of persons who are to have land at the Esopus 418 
 
 " Sept. 26. Order for cutting Palisades at the Esopus 419 
 
 " Sept. 26. Order concerning the settlement of Marbletown 419 
 
 " Sept. 26. List of persons willing to settle at Marbletown 4.19 
 
 " Sept. 26. Instructions for the civil authorities at the Esopus 420 
 
Table of Contents. 
 
 Page. 
 
 1G6S. Oct. 28. Order concerning travel on Sundays . 420 
 
 Order concerning tlie settlement of Marbletown 420 
 
 Council Minute. Dispute between Harlem and John Archer about land, 421 
 
 Order concerning the settlement of Marbletown 421 
 
 Order concerning the taxes in West and Eastchester 422 
 
 Letter from the Governor to the military at the Esopus 422 
 
 Order concerning the taxes of Eastchester 422 
 
 Letter from the Governor to the magistrates at Esopus 423 
 
 Letter from Domine Megapolensis to the Classis of Amsterdam 423 
 
 License to establish a colony at Spuyten Duyvel 424 
 
 Order concerning the militia on Staten Island 424 
 
 Letter from Gov. Lovelace to the Governor of Bermuda concerning immi- 
 gration, with conditions for new settlers 424 
 
 Order prohibiting the trade with Indians at Schenectady 426 
 
 Letter from the Governor to Sergeant Berisf ord at the Esopus 426 
 
 Letter from the same to Henry Pawling at Esopus ... 427 
 
 Letter from the same to the magistrates at Albany 427 
 
 Letter from Secr'y Eicolls to the same 428 
 
 Council Minute. Esopus affairs 428 
 
 Coumiission to several persons appointed to regulate matters at the Esopus, 
 
 and their instructions 428 
 
 Proceedings of the commissioners 430 
 
 Keport of the commissioners 436 
 
 Letters from the Governor to the Magistrates at Albany 439 
 
 Letters from the same to the Governor of Massachusetts 439 
 
 1670. Jan. 24. Letters from the same to the Magistrates at Albany 440 
 
 Building license given to T. C. do "Witt of Esopus 440 
 
 Order concerning the building of a bridge across Harlem river 441 
 
 Letter from the Governor relating to the purchase of Indian lands on 
 
 Staten Island 441 
 
 Mar. 11. Letter from the same to W. Beeckman and others at Kingston concerning 
 
 the new village 442 
 
 Mar. 17. Commission to Capt. Dudley Lovelace and others for surveying and laying 
 
 out lots at the Esopus, with their instructions and proceedings 443 
 
 Council Minute. Staten Island matters 452 
 
 Indian deed for Staten Island 455 
 
 Order prohibiting the sale of lands granted to soldiers at the Esopus 457 
 
 Council Minute. Trade of IN'ew England people with Indians at Albany, 458 
 
 Order for a survey of Staten Island 458 
 
 1671. July 12. Order concerning the traffic on the North river to Kingston 458 
 
 Proceedings in the (N. T.) Mayor's court ; differences between Harlem 
 
 and Fordham 459 
 
 Orders for the regulation of civil and military' affairs at the Esopus 459 
 
 Council Minute. Purchase of Indian lauds in Westchester county 460 
 
 Oct. 
 
 28. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 9. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 6. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 9. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 17. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 17. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 11. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 24. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 15. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 27. 
 
 May 
 
 3. 
 
 May 
 
 14. 
 
 June 
 
 3. 
 
 June 
 
 7. 
 
 July 
 
 25. 
 
 July 
 
 25. 
 
 July 
 
 26. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 13. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 9. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 9. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 9. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 9. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 13. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 29. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 24, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 24. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 10. 
 
 Feb.' 
 
 '16. 
 
 Apr. 
 Apr. 
 Aug. 
 Oct. 
 
 13. 
 23. 
 
 22. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 24. 
 
 July 
 
 12. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 8. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 25. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 30. 
 
Table of Contents. 
 
 XXIX 
 
 Page 
 
 Letter from the Governor and Council to Capt. James Carteret 4ill 
 
 Capt. James Carteret's answer 402 
 
 Council Minute. Commission for Indian affairs 4G3 
 
 Instructions for Capt. De Lavall, etc., on going to Albany 464 
 
 Agreement between the inhabitants of Schenectady and the four Mohawk 
 
 castles 4(14 
 
 Order for a survey of Staten Island 466 
 
 Council Minutes. Trade at Schenectady 466 
 
 Letter from Gov. Lovelace to Capt. James Carterett, of New Jersey 466 
 
 Another letter from the same to the same 467 
 
 Order erecting Fox Hall, near Kingston, into a Manor 468 
 
 Letter from the Governor to Capt. James Carterett 468 
 
 Letter from King Charles II to John Berry, Deputy-Governor of New 
 
 Jersey 469 
 
 Council Minutes. Trade at Schenectady ; taxes at the Esopns 469 
 
 License to build a warehouse on the strand at Kingston 470 
 
 Order establishing a Court of Justice at Fordham 471 
 
 Council Minutes. New Jersey matters 471 
 
 Council Minutes. English laws introduced at the Esopns 471 
 
 Letter from King Charles II to Geo. Philipp Carterett, of New Jersey . . 472 
 Order allowing Elizabethtown, etc., in New Jersey, to send delegates to 
 
 surrender their places to the Dutch 473 
 
 Privileges granted to the several towns in New Jersey 474 
 
 Council Minute. Submission of East and Westchester with extent of the 
 
 jurisdiction of their courts 474 
 
 Order on a petition from the Esopus for the govcrmnent of that District, 475 
 
 Appointment of Magistrates for the Village behind the Coll 475 
 
 Kenewal of the peace with the Hackensack Indians 476 
 
 Census of the several towns in New Jersey 476 
 
 Council Minute. Mohawk chiefs on a visit to New York ; Sclienectady 
 
 affairs 477 
 
 Sept. 29. Order to the Magistrates in the Nevesinks in regard to approaching 
 
 ships, etc 477 
 
 Oct. 14. Letter fi-om Gov. Colve to John Ogden, at Elizabeth, N. J., on Indian 
 
 affairs and Gov. Carterett's property 477 
 
 Orders in Council. Indian lands in New Jersey and trade to the Esopus, 478 
 
 Council Minutes. Middletown, N. J. ; Secaucus Island, N. J 478 
 
 Propositions made by the Mohawks to Gov. Colve, and his answers 479 
 
 Letter from Gov. Colve to Isaac Grcvenraedt, Sheriff of Esopus, directing 
 
 the surrender of that place to the English 481 
 
 Order to attach the estate of Gov. Lovelace on Staten Island 481 
 
 Petition to purchase Indian lands at Catskil, and order granting it 481 
 
 Letter from Gov. Andros to the inhabitants of Hurley and Marbleton . . . 482 
 
 Letter from the same to the inhabitants of Kingston 482 
 
 Indian deed for land in Greene county 482 
 
 1672. 
 
 June 11. 
 
 « 
 
 Jnne 14. 
 
 « 
 
 June 24. 
 
 « 
 
 June 16. 
 
 " 
 
 July 3. 
 
 « 
 
 July 22. 
 
 " 
 
 Sept. 0. 
 
 " 
 
 Sept. 18. 
 
 " 
 
 Oct. 13. 
 
 « 
 
 Oct. 16. 
 
 " 
 
 Oct. 22. 
 
 " 
 
 Dec. 9. 
 
 1673. 
 
 Jan. 27. 
 
 " 
 
 Mar. 19. 
 
 " 
 
 Apr. 20. 
 
 " 
 
 May 15. 
 
 « 
 
 Jnne 12. 
 
 1674. 
 
 June 13. 
 
 1673. 
 
 Aug. 12. 
 
 « 
 
 Aug. 18. 
 
 " 
 
 Aug. 21. 
 
 " 
 
 Sept. 1. 
 
 « 
 
 Sept. 1. 
 
 « 
 
 Sept. 13. 
 
 " 
 
 Sept. 14. 
 
 " 
 
 Sept. 18. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 8. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 8. 
 
 May 
 
 22. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 10. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 12. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 17. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 11. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 12. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 25. 
 
75. Feb. 
 
 IS. 
 
 ' Apr. 
 
 16. 
 
 ' Apr. 
 
 19. 
 
 ' Apr. 
 
 24. 
 
 ' Sept. 
 
 26. 
 
 ' Aug. 
 
 5. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 30. 
 
 ISTo date. 
 
 ' Sept. 
 
 12. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 13. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 15. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 19. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 21. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 24. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 8. 
 
 76. Jan. 
 
 6. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 26. 
 
 ' Mar. 
 
 4. 
 
 ' Mar. 
 
 29. 
 
 ' Apr. 
 
 10. 
 
 ' Apr. 
 
 14. 
 
 ' Apr. 
 
 27. 
 
 May 
 
 29. 
 
 June 
 
 2. 
 
 ' July 
 
 25. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 4. 
 
 ' Aug. 
 
 8. 
 
 ' Aug. 
 
 10. 
 
 ' Aug. 
 
 11. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 8. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 19. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 11. 
 
 ' Oct. 
 
 and 
 
 Nov. 
 
 
 77. Mar. 
 
 12. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 14. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 28. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 27. 
 
 ' May 
 
 26. 
 
 June 
 
 6. 
 
 Table of Contents. 
 
 Paoe. 
 
 Order for keeping the court at Fordham 483 
 
 Council Minute. Indian affairs 483 
 
 Letter from Gov. Andros to the authorities at Albany. 483 
 
 Letter from Gov. Andi-os to Capt. Chambers and Geo. Hall at Kingston, 484 
 
 Proclamation about the Indians and making of block houses 484 
 
 Council Minutes. Encouragement of immigration to Staten Island 485 
 
 Instructions for the Commissaries of Schenectady 485 
 
 Opinion of council concerning Col. Nicolls' patents for land in New Jersey 
 
 and Indian purchases 486 
 
 Assessment-roll of West and Eastchester 488 
 
 Order concerning the public debt at the Esopus 489 
 
 Council Minutes. Purchase of Indian lands at Schenectady ; Schenectady, 489 
 
 Letter from Gov. Andros to the authorities at the Esopus 490 
 
 Letter from Gov. Andros to the Governor of Maryland 491 
 
 Council Minutes. Indian affairs ; Esopus 491 
 
 Petition of inhabitants of Yonkers, desiring to be excused from joining 
 Fordham in case of an Indian invasion, and order thereon ........... 492 
 
 Letter from Gov. Andros to the Magistrates at Esopus 493 
 
 Council Minutes. "Westchester Indians; Indian wars 493 
 
 Order directing the pursuit of King Philipp and other North Indians . . . 494 
 Council Minutes. Examination of "Westchester Indians as to their inten- 
 tion to join King Philipp 494 
 
 Order concerning the scattered farms at Hurley and Marbleton. 495 
 
 Council Minute. Westchester Indians before the Council 495 
 
 Council Minute. Connecticut Indians before the Council 496 
 
 Council Minute. Indian affairs (Mohawks and Senecas) 496 
 
 Council Minute. Susquehanna Indians before the council 497 
 
 Council Minute. Westchester Indians claim payment for the Yonkers land, 498 
 
 Council Minute. The authority of the Sheriff at Esopus defined 498 
 
 Council Minute. Indians report a meditated invasion by the French 498 
 
 Council Minute. Mohawks report on Canada and Northern Indians 499 
 
 Commission to establish a Court of Justice at Schenectady 500 
 
 Council Minutes. Indian affairs 501 
 
 Letter from Secr'y Nicolls to the authorities of Westchester 501 
 
 Council Minutes. Indian affairs 501 
 
 List of presents given to Indian scouts in the employ of the government, 502 
 
 Council Minutes. Enlargement of Kingston ; Indians ; Indian lands at 
 
 Esopus ; French pretensions 502 
 
 Proclamation regulating the Indian trade and navigation on the Hudson, 503 
 Order in Council. Mohawks to desist from making war on Eastern 
 
 Indians 504 
 
 Council ^linutes. Conference with Esopus Indians 504 
 
 Indian deed for New Paltz, Ulster county 506 
 
 Council Minutes. The war of the Mohawks and Senecas against Mary- 
 land 507 
 
June 11. 
 
 July 
 
 11. 
 
 July 
 
 12. 
 
 July 
 
 16. 
 
 July 
 
 20. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 5. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 6. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 12. 
 
 lable of Coyitents. xxxi 
 
 Page. 
 
 1677. June 11. Council Minutes. Mohawks on tlie warpath 508 
 
 Proceedings on the claim of New Jersey to have a port of entry 508 
 
 Letter from Gov. Andros to the Magistrates of Albany 509 
 
 Council Minutes. Indian affairs 510 
 
 Conference between the Oneidas and Col. Coursey, agent of Maryland. . . 510 
 Letter from John Pynchon, of Springfield, Mass., to Capt. Salisbury on 
 
 Indian troubles 511 
 
 Eegulation for the Esopus militia, and order concerning quitrents 512 
 
 Letter from Gov. Leverett, of Boston, to the Mohawk sachems, warning 
 
 them not to injure the friendly Indians of his colony 513 
 
 " Oct. 22. Extract from the minutes of the Court of Schenectady in reference to the 
 
 purchase of land on the Mohawk river 514 
 
 " Nov. 2. Licence granted to Lewis Dubois and others for anew settlement at Esopus, 515 
 " Nov. 16. Order for the purchase of Indian lands in Westchester county 515 
 
 1 678. Jan. 1. Indian deed for land at Claverack , 515 
 
 " Jan. 15. Letter from Secr'y Nicolls to the Magistrates at Alliany 516 
 
 " Apr. 8. Letter from John Talcott of Hartford to Capt. Salisbury on Indian affairs 516 
 " Apr. 16. Letter from Commander Brockholls to Gov. Leete of Connecticutt on In- 
 dian husiness 518 
 
 " May 14. Note directing the Surveyor to lay out land on Staten Island 518 
 
 " May 17. Letter from Kichard Woodhull of Seatalcott to Seci-'yNicolls on a rumored 
 
 combination between the French and Indians 519 
 
 " June 11. Indian Deed for land in Columbia county 519 
 
 " June 24. Letter from Capt. Salisbury at Albany to Commander Brockholls. Mo- 
 hawks going to war 519 
 
 " June 27. Letter from the same to the same. Mohawks return with Natick Indian 
 
 prisoners 520 
 
 " July 11. Letter from the same to the same. The Mohawks have burned most of 
 
 their prisoners 520 
 
 " July 11. Orders and Instructions to the Agents of Massachusetts sent on a mission 
 
 to the Mohawks 521 
 
 Commission of the Massachusetts Agents 523 
 
 Letter from Father Bruyas, S. J., at Tionnontoguin to Capt. Salisbury on 
 
 Indian affairs and fi-om the latter to Capt. Brockholls 523 
 
 Letter from Capt. Brockholls to Capt. Salisbury at Albany. Indians. . . . 524: 
 
 Letter from John Pynchon at Springfield to Capt. Salisbury 525 
 
 Letter from Capt. Salisbury to Comm'r Brockholls on Indian affiiirs 526 
 
 Letter from the same to the same 527 
 
 Letter from Comm'r Brockholls to Capt. Salisbury 527 
 
 Answer of the Mohawks to the Propositions of the Massachusetts Agents 528 
 
 Letter from Comm'r Brockholls to Capt. Salisbury 529 
 
 Letters from Capt. Salisbury to Sec'y Nicolls and Connnander Bruckholls 531 
 
 Council Minutes. French influences among the Mohawks 531 
 
 Council Minutes. Schenectady affairs 532 
 
 Letters from Gov. Andros to the Magistrates of Albany and Schenectady 533 
 Indian Deed for Land in Ulster county 533 
 
 July 
 
 12. 
 
 July 
 
 13. 
 
 July 
 
 20. 
 
 July 
 
 20. 
 
 July 
 
 23. 
 
 July 
 
 25. 
 
 July 
 
 28. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 1. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 2. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 8. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 20. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 6. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 31. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 28. 
 
xxxii Tahle of Contents. 
 
 Paor. 
 1678. . Petition for leave to purchase Indian Lands in Ulster county 53-i 
 
 1679. Apr. 11. Regulations for the trade on Hudson's river 534- 
 
 " May 23. Letter from Thomas Chambers to Gov. Andros 534 
 
 " June 4. Letter from Gov. Andros to Gov. Carterett of N. J 535 
 
 " June 18. Letter from Secr'y Nicolls to Mrs. Billop on Staten Island 535 
 
 " July 31. Council Minutes. Eeeeption of Agents from Virginia 536 
 
 " Aug. 8. Letter from Gov. Andros to Capt. Salisbury 536 
 
 " Dec. 9. Council Minutes. Indians declared free and not slaves 537 
 
 1680. Jan. 7. Council Minutes. Bridge over Spuyten Duyvel 538 
 
 " Mar. 8. Letter from Gov. Andros to Phil. Carterett 538 
 
 " Mar. 14. Declaration of Gov. Andros setting forth the illegality of Capt. Carte- 
 
 rett's acts in N. J 539 
 
 " Mar. 15. Letter from Sec'y Nicolls to Capt. Sanford with the foregoing Proclama- 
 tion and inviting him to N. Y 640 
 
 1665. . Extract from the Concessions to New Jersey 540 
 
 -.^ "^ f Council Minutes. New Jersey affairs 541 
 
 " Mar. 23. ) 
 
 " Mar. 23. Order for an election of delegates for Middleton, N. J 541 
 
 " Apr. 5-7. Particulars of Gov. Andros' Visit to Capt. Carterett in Elizabeth Town, N. J 542 
 
 " No date. Petition of the inhabitants of Esopus for a Minister of the Gospel 543 
 
 " Apr. 30. A Special Warrant to summon Deputy Governor Berry of N. J. before 
 
 the Council 544 
 
 " June 25. Commission to the Justices of the Peace of Shrewsbury, etc. N. J. to hold 
 
 Courts of Sessions 545 
 
 . . Abstracts of Indian Deeds 545 
 
 1680. Nov. 12. Petition of Robert Livingston to jjurchase Indian lands (Livingston Ma- 
 nor, Columbia county) , 546 
 
 " Dec. 1. Petition of Fred. Philipps to purchase Indian lands in Westchester Co. . 546 
 " Dec. 1. List of Persons applying for laud on Staten-Island 546 
 
 ^^f^' f ^''' is' } Letters from Capt. Brockholls to Capt. Carterett 548 
 
 " May 14. Letter from Capt. Broi^kholls to Sir John Werden concerning the New 
 
 Jersey title 540 
 
 " May 14. Letter from the same to Governor Andros (in England) on the same subject. 549 
 " July 26. ) Lettera from the same to Capt. Carterett refusing to acknowledge the lat- 
 
 " July 30. ) ter's authority in New Jersey 550 
 
 " July 30. Letter from the same to Sir John Werden on the claim to New Jersey. . . 551 
 
 " Sept. 12. Propositions made by the Minissink Indians and the answer thereto 551 
 
 " Nov. 10. Letter from Capt. Brockholls to Capt. Delavall on affairs at the'Esopus. . . 552 
 
 1682. Jan. 12. Letter from the same to the same on the same subject 552 
 
 " Jan. 12. License given to Jacob Rutgers to purchase Indian lands at the Esopus.. 553 
 " Jan. 28. A Proclamation renewing a former Proclamation regulating the Trade with 
 
 Indians 553 
 
 " Feb. 3. License to purchase Indian lands on the East side of Hudson's river given 
 
 to Cornells van Bursum 554 
 
 " Mar. 9. Letter from Capt. Brockholls to Capt, Delavall on Esopus affairs 554 
 
Table of Contents. sxxiii 
 
 Page. 
 
 Letter from the same to the Commissaries at Alliany on the relations be- 
 tween tlie New York Indians and Maryland 555 
 
 Letter from the same to Lord Baltimore and Council on the same subject. 555 
 
 Letter from the same to the Commissaries at Albany 556 
 
 Kesolutiou of a Town Meeting on Staten Island 556 
 
 Letter from the Maryland Comniissionei's to Commander Brockholls 557 
 
 Letter from the same to the same 557 
 
 Letter from Cornelius van Dyek to the same 558 
 
 Letter from Commander Brockholls to Lord Baltimore 559 
 
 Letter from the same to the Commissaries of Albany 560 
 
 Letter from the same to the Maryland Agents at Albany 560 
 
 Letter from the same to the Maryland Agents at Albany 560 
 
 Letter from the same to the Commissaries of Albany 561 
 
 Letter from the- same to the Maryland Agents at Albany 562 
 
 Letter from Commander Brockholls to Gov. Carterett 563 
 
 Letter from Commander Brockholls to Lord Baltimore 563 
 
 Letter from Commander Brockholls to Lord Baltimore 563 
 
 Letter from Commander Brockholls to the Magistrates of Albany 564 
 
 Letter from Commander Brockholls to the Magistrates of Esopus 564 
 
 Letter from Capt. Brockholls to Lord Baltimore 565 
 
 Letter from Capt. Brockholls to Lord Baltimore 565 
 
 1083. Jan. 3. Contract to sell land on Hudson's river (Columbia county) 566 
 
 Letter from Capt. Brockholls to Capt. Chambers at Kingston 566 
 
 Petition of inhabitants of Staten-Island against being forced to contribute 
 
 to the support of a Minister 567 
 
 Letters from Justice Stillwell of Staten-Island to Secr'y West in relation 
 
 to the foregoing 567 
 
 License given to purchase Indian lands (Dutchess county) 569 
 
 Letter from Capt. Brocldiolls to Capt. Chambers at Kingston 569 
 
 Letter from Capt. Brockholls to Capt. G. Baxter at Albany 570 
 
 Letter from Capt. Brockholls to Mr. Samuel Groome of New Jersey 570 
 
 Quitclaim for the land called Pooghkepesingh 571 
 
 Letter from Capt. Brockholls to Capt. Chambers 571 
 
 Abstracts of Indian Deeds for Land at Niskayuna, Catskil; Livingston Ma- 
 nor, Saratoga 572 
 
 Indian Deed of Gift of land near Schenectady 573 
 
 List of the estates in Westchester subject to the public rates 573 
 
 Ifov. 1. An Act to divide the Province into Shires and Counties 574 
 
 Appendix. Extracts from a Letter of Father Jogues, S. J., to the Pro- 
 vincial of the Jesuits in Paris 575 
 
 Mar. 
 
 29. 
 
 June 
 
 10. 
 
 June 
 
 19. 
 
 June 
 
 24. 
 
 June 25. 
 
 June 26. 
 
 June 
 
 30. 
 
 June 
 
 30. 
 
 June 
 
 30. 
 
 July 
 
 4. 
 
 July 
 
 4. 
 
 July 
 
 15. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 .— . 
 
 Aug. 
 
 14. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 21. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 25. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 25. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 26. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 27. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 3. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 15. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 16. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 19.) 
 
 Jan. 
 
 24.) 
 
 Feb. 28. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 6. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 6. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 7. 
 
 May 
 
 5. 
 
 June 29. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 26. 
 
First Period. 
 
 From the first recorded Dutch Patent to the Occupation of the 
 Province by the Englisli. 
 
 (1630 to 1664. ) 
 
 Patent foe IIoboken, jS". J., granted to Miciiiei. Paauw. 
 
 "We, Director and Council of New-JSTctlierland, residing on the Island of Manahatas and at 
 tlie Fort Amsterdam under tlie authority of tlieir Higli : Might : the Lords States-General of the 
 United ISTetherlands and the Incorporated West India Company, Department of Amsterdam, do 
 hereby testify and declare, that on this day, date underwritten, appeared before ns personally 
 Arromeauw, Tekioappo and Sachwomeck, inhabitants and joint owners of the land, called Iloho- 
 can Hachingh, lying opposite the aforesaid Island of Manahatas, who both for themselves and 
 pro rata for the other joint owners declared, that for and in consideration of a certain quantity ot 
 merchandise, which they herewith acknowledge to have received to tlieir full satisfaction before 
 the passing of this act, they have sold, transported, ceded and delivered as true and lawful free- 
 hold, as they herewith according to a bill of sale and contract, transfer, cede, convey and deliver 
 to and for the benefit of the Hon*"'" Mr. Mlcldcl Paatiw* in whose absence we receive it ex officio 
 under the usual conditions, the aforesaid land by us called Ilohocan Hackingh extending on the 
 south side to Ahasimus, eastwards along the River Mauritms and on the west side surrounded 
 by lowlands, which sufKciently designates the boundary of this land with rights and jurisdiction, 
 belonging to them individually or collectively, or which they might derive hereafter, constituting 
 and subrogating the aforesaid Hon'"'^ Mr. Paauw, in their stead and place, giving him actual and 
 real possession thereof, as well as complete and irrevocable authority and special power, that he, 
 the aforesaid Hon''"' Mr. Paauxo tamquaui actor et jyrocurator in rem suam ac j^fopriam or his 
 heirs and successors may take possession of the aforesaid land, live on it in peace, inhabit, own 
 and use it, also do with it, trade it off or dispose of it, as his Honor would do with liis own law- 
 fully obtained lands and dominions, without that they, the conveying party, shall have or retain 
 tlie least pretension, right, power or authority either concerning ownership or sovereignty, but 
 herewith they desist, abandon, withdraw and renounce, in behalf as aforesaid now and forever 
 totally and finally, promising further not only to fulfil in perpetuum, firmly and safely, inviolably 
 and irrevocably, this their conveyance and transfer and what may be done by its authority, but also 
 to deliver the said land and to keep it free from all claims, pretensions, suits, challenges and troubles, 
 
 * Lord of Aditienhoven in Holland, Co-Putroon of Ncw-NctherlaiKl and oiio of the Directors of the W. I. 
 Co.— Ed. 
 
2 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson lilver. 
 
 all under the obligations of the laws referring hereto, a hona Jide sine fraude. In testimony 
 whereof we have affirmed this with our signature and affixed our seal thereunto. Done on the 
 Island of Manahatas in Fort Amsterdam the 12"" of July in the year 1630. 
 
 Patent for Staten Island, granted to Michael Paauw. 
 
 We, Director and Council in New-Netherland, residing on the Island of Manhattan under 
 authority of Their High Mightinesses, the States-General of the United Netherlands and tlie 
 Privileged AVest India Company, Department of Amsterdam, testify and declare herewith, that 
 to-day, date as below, personally appeared Kraliorat, Taniehap, Totemachwernama, Wieromies, 
 Sieareioach, Sachwewew, Wtssipoack, Saheinsios or the young one, inhabitants, owners and in- 
 heritors of the island called by us Staten-Island, on the west side of HameVs JVeck,* who declare 
 that for a certain lot of merchandise, delivered to and received by them before the passing of this 
 act, they have sold, transferred, ceded and delivered as true and lawful freehold, as they herewith 
 according to a bill of sale and contract, transfer, cede, convey and deliver to and for the benefit of 
 the Hon"'* Mr. Michiel Paauw, in whose absence wc receive it ex officio under the usual conditions, 
 the aforesaid land with its forest, appendencies and dependencies, rights and jurisdiction, belong- 
 ing to them individually or collectively, or which they might derive hereafter, constituting and 
 subrogating the aforesaid Hon"^'" Mr. Paauw, in their stead and place, giving him actual and real 
 possession thereof, as well as complete and irrevocable authority and special powei*, that he, the 
 aforesaid Hon'''" Mr. Paatt,w may take possession of the aforesaid land, live on it in peace, inhabit, 
 own and use it, also do with it, trade it off or dispose of it, as his Honor, like anybody else, would 
 do with his own lawfully obtained lands and dominions, M'ithout that they, the conveying party, 
 shall have or retain the least pretension, right, power or authority either concerning ownership or 
 sovereignty, but herewith they desist, abandon, withdraw and renounce, in behalf as aforesaid now 
 and forever totally and finally, promising further not ovAy to fulfil in perpetuum, firmly and safely, 
 inviolably and irrevocably, this their conveyance and transfer and what may be done by its authority, 
 but also to deliver the said land and to keep it free from all claims, pretensions, suits, challenges 
 and troubles either against the aforesaid Wissipoack, when he has reached his majority, or against 
 other claimants, all under the obligations of the laws referring hereto, a hona fide sine fraude. 
 In testimony whereof we have affirmed this with our signature and affixed our seal thereunto. 
 Done on the Island of Manahatas in Fort Amsterdam the 10"' of August m the year 1630. 
 
 Patent to the same for the Tract of Land called Ahashucs and the Island 
 OF Aressick (New Jersey). 
 
 "We, Director and Council of New-Netherland etc. etc. testify and declare herewith, that on 
 this day personally appeared before us Ackitoauio and Aiarouw, Virginians, inhabitants and 
 co-owners of the land called Ahasimus and the little island A^'essich, who for themselves and iii 
 proportion for the other proprietors, Winym, Matshath, and Camoins declare in their said capacity 
 of owners, that for a certain lot of merchandise, which they acknowledge to have received and 
 
 * The Narrows, called " Ilamcls Hoofden" after llcnrick Hiimtl, one of the Patroons of N. N. 
 
jS^eiv Yurh Historical Records. 3 
 
 accepted to their satisfaction before the passing of this act, they have sold, transferred, ceded and 
 conveyed by a certain deed and contract of sale, as they herewitli transfer, cede and convey to and 
 for the benefit of the lion''''' Mr. Michiel Paauw, in whoso absence we e:c officio I'eceive it niider 
 the usual stipulations the aforesaid tract Ahasimus and Areasick, called by us the Who7'e IIooJc, 
 stretching along tlie river Ifauritius and tlie Island of Jlanahafas on the East side, Ilohol-an Hack- 
 irigh on the North, surrounded by swamps, which servo as distinct boundary lines and that with 
 all rights, titles etc. Dated Novbr. 22'' 1030. 
 
 Deed from Director Kieft to Aur. Isaacsen Planck (Yerplanck) for Paulus 
 Hook (N. J.) 
 
 This day, date underwritten, before me, Cornelia van Tienhoven, Secretary of New-Nether- 
 land, appeared the Honorable, Wise and Prudent Mr. Kieft Director-General of New-Netherland 
 of the one part and Ahrahayn Isaacsen Planch of the other part and mutually agi-eed and con- 
 tracted for the purchase of a certain parcel of land, called Pouwels Hooh, situate westward of tlie 
 Island Manhates and eastward of Ahasimus, extending from the North river into the valley, which 
 runs around it there, which land Mr. Kieft has sold to Abraham Planck, who also acknowledges 
 to have bought the aforesaid land for the sum of five hundred and fifty guilders, the guilder at 
 20 stivers, which sum the aforesaid Abraham Isaacsen Planck promises to pay to the Hon''''' Mr. 
 Kieft or his order, in three instalments, the first at the Fair A" 163S, the second A" 1639 and the 
 tliird and last instalment at the Fair A" 1640 ; and in case he remains in default of payment, 
 Jacob Albertsen Planck, Sheriff in the Colony of Rensselearswijck, substitutes himself as bail and 
 principal for the purchaser, promising to pay the aforesaid 450 fl. free of costs and cliarges ; For 
 all of which aforesaid the purchaser and bondsman pledge their persons and property, real and per- 
 sonal, present and future, without exception, submitting to the Provincial Court of Holland and 
 to all other Courts, Judges and Justices and in acknowledgment and token of the truth, these 
 presents are signed by tlie parties respectively. 
 
 Thus done at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. the first day of May 1C3S. 
 
 Jacob Planck, Abram Planck. 
 
 Lease of the Company's Farm at Pavonia (N. J.) to Jan Evertsen Bout. 
 
 This day the 20"' July 1638, before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary of JSTew-Nether- 
 land, appeared the Hon'''" Wise and Prudent Mr. William Ki^ft, Director-General of New 
 Netherland, of the one part and Jan Evertsen Bout, of the other part, who amicably agreed and 
 contracted for the lease of the Bouwery hitherto occupied by the abovenamed Jan Evertsen, 
 situated at Pavonia and belonging to the Noble Lords-Directors of the Priv. W". I. Company 
 (Dep' of Amsterdam), in whose name and behalf Mr. Kieft has leased the abovenamed Bouwery 
 tu Jkii Evertsen, who also acknowledges to have hired it, on the following conditions and terms : 
 
 First: Jan Evertsen shall have the use of the house, land and everything belonging thereto 
 on the Bouwery for six consecutive years from the date hereof and during this time he shall be 
 bound to keep in order the buildings and appurtenances of the Bouwery at his own expense, with- 
 out laying claim therefor to anything at the expiration of the said six years. 
 
<t Colonial Settlements on the Ihidmn River. 
 
 The said Jan Evertscn shall deliver yearly during the term of his lease to the said Mr. Kieft 
 or his successor the fourth part of the crop, whether of corn or of other produce, with which God 
 shall favor the soil, alM. i'vri\ year two tuns of strong beer and twelve capons, free of expense. 
 For all of which the |i;iiii( - plr.l-o their respective persons and property etc. 
 Done in Fort Ain-^t'-rdam oii the day and year abovewritten. 
 
 Jai^ Evektsen Bout. 
 Maukits Jansen, witness. 
 
 Lease of the Company's Codwery at IIobooken to IIendkick Coknelissen van 
 
 YOEST. 
 
 This day, date underwritten, before me, Cornells van Tienhoven, Secretary in New-lSTether- 
 land on behalf of the Priv. W. I. Company appeared the Honorable and Prudent Mr. William 
 Kieft, Director-General in New-JN'etherland, of the one part, and Hendrick Cornelissen van Vorst* 
 of the other part, who acknowledged in presence of the undersigned witnesses to have mutually 
 agreed and amicably contracted for the lease of the Bouwery, situate at Uoiooken, imtil now occu- 
 pied by the said Hendrick Cornelissen and belonging to the Noble Lords-Directors of the Priv. 
 W. I. Company, Dep' of Amsterdam, in whose name and behalf the Hon'"''' Director Kieft leases 
 the said Bouwery to Hendrick Cornelissen aforesaid, who also acknowledges having hired the 
 same on the following terms and conditions : 
 
 Hendrick Cornelissen van Yorst shall for the period of twenty consecutive years from the 
 date hereof vise, cultivate and plant the said Bouwery and make further during the years of his 
 lease such disposition of the land and the buildings thereon and everything appertaining to it, as 
 a good and faithful tenant ought to make. 
 
 The tenant shall cause to be erected on the Bouwery a barn and all other necessary buildings 
 at his own expense, the Company delivering to him 4000 bricks to build the chimney. All these 
 buildings shall belong to the Company at the expiration of the lease, without the tenant having 
 any claim or title to them. 
 
 It is further expressly agreed, that the lessee or any of his descendants shall be preferred at 
 the end of this Kn-o tn (jlhers, if the said Bouwery be sold or again let. 
 
 The said JIi ndrick ri/n Yorst shall pay during the years of his lease to the said Hon''" Mr. 
 Kieft or the representative of the Company every year the fourth part of the crop, with which 
 God may bless the land, either in sheaves upon the field or as it maybe deemed most advantageous, 
 and twelve capons. 
 
 The lessee shall sunvii<kT llic land unsown, as he now receives it. 
 
 For all of whicli the parties ])lcdge their respective persons and projierty etc. 
 
 Done at Fort Amsterdam, this 12"' of March 1639. 
 
 WiLLEM Kieft 
 It is further IIeyndeick Cornelissen van Vorst 
 
 agreed, that Ulkich Leepolt 
 
 the lease shall Maukits Jansen as witness, 
 
 begin on the 1"' 
 of January 1640. 
 
 * Comelis van Vorst liad been the manager of Michiel ramv's (see aliovc) plantations, until they were hought in 
 by the Company. See De Vrics Voyages. — Ed. 
 
Hew York Ilisiorical Jiccords. 
 
 Lease of laxd ix Westcuestek County. 
 
 Before me, Cornelis van TienJioven, Secretary in JVew-Netherland ;in<l flu; undersigned wit- 
 appeared Sr Jonas Bronok, of the one part and Pieter Andriemcn. ami Lanrcns DiiyU of 
 the other part, who amicably agreed and contracted as follows : 
 
 First : S^ Bronch shall show to the said parties a certain piece of land, belonging to him, 
 situate on the mainland opposite to the flats of the Manhates ; on which said piece of land they 
 shall have permission to plant tobacco and maize, on the condition, that they shall be obliged to 
 break new land every two years for the planting of tobacco and maize and changing the place, the 
 land, upon which they have planted to remain at the disposal of said Sr Bronch. They shall 
 also be bound to surrender the land, every time they change, made ready for planting corn and 
 ploughing. They shall have the use of the said land for three consecutive years, during which 
 time the said S^ Bronch shall make no other claim upon them, than for the land, which Pieter 
 Andriessen and Laurens Duyts by their labor shall have cleared, who on their side shall be obliged 
 to fnltill the above conditions. If Pieter Andriessen and Laurens Duijt^ demand within a year 
 from said Sr Bronch 2 horses and 2 cows on the conditions, on which at present the Company 
 gives them to freemen, the said Bronch shall deliver the animals to them, if he can spare them. 
 
 Pieter Andriessen and Laurens Duyts further pledge their persons and property, movable and 
 immovable, present and future, nothing excepted, for the payment of what Sr Bronch has advanced 
 to them for board on the ship " "<^e Brant van Trogen" amounting to 121 fl 16 st, of which Pieter 
 Andriessen is to pay fl 81.4 and Zaw/wn-s Z>Myfefl 40.12. They promise to pay the aforesaid sums 
 by the first ready means, either in tobacco or otherwise and in ackin)wledgnicnt and token of truth 
 they have signed this respectively. 
 
 Done at Fort Amsterdam the 21^' July 1630. 
 
 This is the mark M~ of Laurens Dutts 
 
 Pieter Andriessen. 
 Maurits Janse, witness. 
 
 Indian Deed for a Tract of Land, called Tveskeskiok, beiiixd the Ivii. wiiirii 
 runs around Maniiatfan Island (Yonkers.) 
 
 This day, date as below, appeared before me Cornelis van Tienlioven, Secretary in New- 
 Metherland, Tequemet, Pechgawac, Pacliamiens, owners of Keheshich, who in presence of the 
 undersigned witnesses voluntarily and deliberately declare, that in consideration of a certain lot 
 of merchandise, which they acknowledge to have received and accepted before the passing of this 
 act, they have transferred, ceded, conveyed and made over as a true and lawful freehold, as they 
 herewitli transfei-, rede, convey and make over to and for the benefit of the General Incorporated 
 West India ( iiinpaiiy a piece of land, situate opposite to the flat on the Island oi Manhattan, 
 called Kcshi sl'irj.-, stretching lengthwise along the Kil, which runs behind the Island of Jlan/iat- 
 tan mostly East and West and beginning at the head of the said Kil :ind running to opposite of 
 
6 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson Hiver. 
 
 the high hill by the flat, namely by the Great Kil, with all rights titles etc. etc. Done at Fort 
 Amsterda/m, the 3* of August 1639. 
 
 (Signed) Cornelis van dee Hotlen 
 
 David Pietkrsen de Veies 
 as witnesses. 
 In my presence 
 
 CoBNELis VAN TiENiiovEN, Secretary. 
 
 Resolution to exact a tribute from tue Indians in maize, furs or wasipum. 
 September lo^'' (1639) 
 
 Whereas the Company has to bear heavy expenses both for the erection of fortification and 
 the maintenance of soldiers and sailors. Therefore we have resolved to levy some contributions 
 either in peltries, maize or wampum from the Indians residing hereabout, whom we have hitherto 
 protected against their enemies and if there be any tribe, who will not willingly consent to con- 
 tribute, M'e shall endeavor to induce them to do so by the most suitable means. 
 
 Patent granted to Coenelis Melyn foe Staten-Island, excepting as much 
 
 OF IT AS HAD been GRANTED TO DaVID PiETEESEN DE VeIES FOE A BOUWERT. 
 
 "We, William Kieft, Director-General and the Council of New-Netherland etc. etc. 
 
 Make known, that this day, date as below, we have conceded and granted, as we herewith 
 concede and grant (under authority of an edict, issued by the Hon'''° Lords Directors on the — day 
 of July 1640) to Cornelis Melyn the whole of Staten-Island, situate in the Bay of the North river 
 of Neio-Netherland, except as much land as is necessary for a bouwery, which had been granted 
 by us, the Director-General and Council before the publication of the abovesaid edict, to David 
 Pietersen de Yrics* from Iloorn, and of which land David Pietersen de Vries has already taken 
 possession ; with the express condition, that he, Cornelis Melyn, or his successors shall acknowl- 
 edge the Hon"'" Lords-Directors as his supreme authority nnder the sovereignty of Their Iligh : 
 Might : the States-General and obey here their Director-General and Council, as good inhabitants 
 are bound to do; provided that he, Melyn, or his successors submit to and ackiiiiwlrdi,^' iu 
 every respect all such burdens and taxes, as have been already or may hereafter be inijidscd liy tlie 
 Lords- Directors according to the Exemptions of Neio-Neiherland. We constitute therefore the 
 afoi'esaid Cornelis Melyn in the place and power, that we had before over tlie land, giving him 
 actual and real possession of it and full power, authority and special permission to enter upon, 
 cultivate, inhabit and use the aforesaid Staten-Island, as he would do with his other inherited 
 lands and effects, without reserving or retaining for us any claim or pretension thereon. (No date.) 
 
 * David dc Vrics had undertaken to make this settlement in company with and at tlio request of Frederick de 
 Vries, Secretary of tlie City of Amsterdam, and one of the Directors of the \V. I. tOnipaiiy. He began work on 
 the 5th of January, 1039. See De Vries Voyages.— Ed. 
 
New Yovh Historical Mecords. 
 
 Lease of Land on Staten-Island. 
 
 r.efore me, Cornells van Tienhoven, Secretary of New-Netherland, appeared Thomas Smith, 
 M'lu) ill presence of the undersigned witnesses acknowledged to have hired from David Pietersen 
 ih' Vries a plantation and huildings on Staten-Island for the time of six consecutive years, to wit 
 from the 1"' of January 1G40 to the first of January 1646, for whicli Thomas Smith is to pay to 
 David Pietersen or his successors as rent 150 pounds of good, cured tobacco yearly. If Mr. Smith 
 or any one in his behalf should* improve the buildings now on the plantation or erect new ones, 
 David Pietersen shall be held to receive them at the expiration of the said six years at the valu- 
 ation of good and impartial men and pay the said Smith for them accordingly. 
 
 Done this Y"' of January 1640 at Fort Amsterdam. 
 
 The said Smith shall clear as much laud as is necessary fiir 2000 pallisadcs. 
 
 TiiojrAS Smythe 
 
 -rw., i Abeam Planck 
 
 Witnesses { • t^ 
 
 [ AiiUAiiAM Tage. 
 
 In mj' presence 
 
 CoKNELis VAN TiENHovEN, Secretary. 
 
 Council Minute setting foetii sundry hostile acts of the Haeitan Indians 
 SINCE the peace of 1G34. 
 The IC'" of July 1040. 
 
 Whereas the Indians, living in the Raretangh have before now shown themselves very hostile, 
 even to the shedding of our blood, notwithstanding a treaty of peace was made with them A" 
 1634, under which we continued to trade with them by sending a sloop there every spring and 
 whereas in the spring of this year 1640 they have tried to capture our sloop, manned by only three 
 men, kill the crew and plunder the cargo, which by the gracious help of God has happily been 
 jirevented, as the crew was able to drive tlie savages from the sloop with the loss of a canoe only, 
 and whereas they came then to Staten-Island killing some of the Company's pigs and plundering 
 the negi-o's house, 
 
 Therefore, desiring satisfaction herefor, we have informed them, to cume hero and indemnify 
 us, but they only laughed at our demand. 
 
 And whereas this is a matter of great importance as well for the reputation of the States- 
 (ieneral as for the respect and interest of the Hon''"' Company and the safety of our own lives and 
 our cattle. 
 
 Therefore it is resolved, to send thither 50 soldiers and 20 sailors under the Secrotaiy and the 
 Sergeant with orders to attack them, cut down their corn and Ijring as many prisoners, as they 
 can, unless they will come willingly to an agreement and make reparation. 
 
 Done in Council at Fort Amsterdam, July 16"' 1640. 
 
 Oedenance offering a reward for the heads of RARrrAN Indians passed 
 July 4, 1641. 
 
 (See Laws & Orclinances of New Nether'.and, p. 28.) 
 
8 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Eelease by Coenelis Meltn of Joeis Diecksen from his conteact to live 
 ON Staten-Island. 
 
 Before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary of New-Netherland appeared in presence of 
 the undersigned witnesses, the worthy Cornelis Melyn, who declares to have set free from the 
 obHgations of a contract made in the City of Amsterdam Joris Dlrcksen, annulling said contract 
 at the same time for the following reasons : 
 
 First, because a short time before the arrival here of the said Cornelis Melyn and Joris Dirck- 
 sen some farmers upon Staten-Island had been killed by the savages, which had frightened the 
 wife of Joris Diroksen so much, that she will not live upon the Island now, Secondly, because 
 his wages are so small, that he cannot afford to keep house on Staten-Island and on Manhattan 
 Island, 
 
 Under the express condition and obligation, that neither Joris Diroksen nor any member of 
 his family, shall remove to the jurisdiction of a foreign nation, but he shall endeavor to earn his 
 living under the jurisdiction of the Hon''"' Company and if he leaves here, he must go directly to 
 the Fatherland in a ship of the Company, for all which Joris DircTcsen pledges his person and 
 property, movable and immovable, present and future, submitting to all Courts and Judges. 
 
 Done this 15"' of August 1640. 
 
 Coenelis Melyn. 
 
 (A liko release was given to another of Mehjn's liired farmers Francis Ja?isen for the same reason.) 
 
 Council Minute. Conditions under which a party of English people may 
 come and settle in New-Nethekland. 
 Thursday, the G"' of June 1641. 
 "Whereas a good number of respectable Englisli people with their preacher have petitioned for 
 permission to settle here and live among us, asking that the conditions might be communicated to 
 them, therefore we have resolved to send them the following terms : 
 
 First they will be obliged to take the oath of allegiance to their High Might : the States and 
 to the W. I. Company, under whose protection they are to live here. 
 
 2. They shall have free exercise of their religion. 
 
 3. As to their political government, if they desire a Magistrate, tliey may nominate three or 
 more of their ablest men, from whose number the Governor of New-NetJierland will select him, 
 who is to be their Magistrate, having final jurisdiction in all civil cases up to forty guilders, cases 
 for higher amounts may be appealed to the Governor and Council of New-Netherland and criminal 
 jurisdiction up to (i. e. not including) capital punishment. 
 
 4. They shall not build fortifications without permission. 
 
 5. The land shall be allotted to them as their property without expense, they shall use it for 
 ten years without paying taxes and at the end of these ten years they shall pay the tenth. 
 
 6. They shall have free fishing and hunting and be allowed to trade subject to the privileges 
 of New-Netherland. 
 
 7. They will be obliged to use the measures and weights of the country. 
 
New Yurh Ilktorleal Recorch. 9 
 
 Eesolution to constkdct a Redoubt ox Statkn-Island. 
 Thursday, the 12'" September 1041. 
 
 Whereas a short time ago some of our people ou Staten-Maiul have been murdered by the 
 savages. 
 
 Therefore, to prevent further mishaps and to protect the people still living there, we have 
 judged it very advisable aud proper to erect upon the said Island a small redoubt at as small an. 
 expense as possible. 
 
 DecLAEATION of AYiLLIAJVI FkEDEKICKSEN and others of what OCeUKKED AT 
 
 Aemepekal during the Indian war. 
 
 Before me, Cornells van Ticnhovcn, Secretary in New-Nethei'larul for the "\V. I. Comjnmy, 
 appeared at the request of Tobias Teunissen, the undernamed, who declared and attested in palace 
 aud under promise of an oath if needs be, that what follows is true : 
 
 WilliaTn JWif' r/'i'/.M n, 22 years old, Jan Backer .. years old, Gerritt Jansen, 23 years old 
 aud Hendrich Jans, i, ( '.ui'anger, . . years old, deelared that when they came with the company 
 of soldiers to the Kil called Armejyperahin, they marched across with the advance guard, but that 
 the Ensign halted with his men fully an hour and a half, notwithstanding that they called out 
 often enough, March on ! 'Tis time ! They marched on after the Ensign and his meu had crossed 
 the Kil and coming to a certain thicket, Tobias Teunissen said to the Ensign and all the other 
 soldiers : " Men, remain here, I shall go up to the huts and return to you ; if not, go towards the 
 strand, I shall give you a signal ; then you can come up." 
 
 All of which the deponents declare to be thus in fact &c. 
 
 Done the 7'" April 1642. 
 
 The mark T" of Willesi Frederick. The mark /X-4- of IIendkic Caeffangek 
 
 Jan Backer 
 The mark .-^^ of Geerit Jansen 
 
 4- 
 
 To my knowledge 
 
 C . VAN Tieniioven, Seer' 
 
 Court Proceedings. Cornelis Meltn against Johannes Winkelman, agent 
 OF Baron Nedeehoest, about certain rights on Staten-Island, June 2C, 1642. 
 Cornells Melyn plif. ag' Johannes Winh'hnan deft. The plff. demands by virtue of a contract 
 made with the Lord of JVeder/wrst* at Anistenlam, that de±'. show liis authority for coming last 
 winter to him on Staten-Jsland with his people and cattle, stating that he came to fulfill the con- 
 tract, a copy of which he had received ; and why he left again and established an other colony 
 behind the Col, without asking advice as bound to do by the contract. 
 
 The deft, answers, that he had come to this country by order and on behalf of Meyndert 
 Meyndertsen, whose servant he is and for whom he has established a colony behind the Col as 
 directed and by virtue of the patent granted to his master by the Lords-Directors and exliibited to 
 the Hon''"' Director here. 
 
 The parties are deferred, until further information has been received as to l)y whose orders 
 the defendant has come. 
 
 * Gerard vau Reede, Lord of Nedcrhorst, t;tc. See Col. Ilist. Vol. II, p. 510.— Ed. 
 
10 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson liiver. 
 
 Council Minute. Peemission given to Me. Throckmoeten and his associates 
 TO settle -within 3 leagues fkom the Manuattaks. 
 The 2" October 1G42. 
 Whereas Mr. Throekmorten* with his associates desires to settle under the jurisdiction of their 
 High: Might: the States with 35 families and to live in peace, provided they be allowed to enjoy 
 the same privileges as other subjects and to freely exercise their religion, 
 
 Therefore after having read the said Mr. Throohmorten'' s petition and considered the desires 
 of the Hon''''' Comjjany wc have seen, that the granting of tlje said request does not tend to the 
 disadvantage of this country, especially as the Englisli are to establish themselves about 3 leagues 
 from us. 
 
 Kesolution to assist aeeiving settlers. 
 
 Tlie SO"- of October 1642. 
 
 In Council among other matters the proposition of the Fiscal and its consequences were con- 
 sidered and it has been resolved, that it is necessary, to assist people coming over, for otherwise 
 the country would come to nought and the people would remain in a pitiable state. "We trust 
 that the Lords-Directors will be well pleased with this resolve, considering that the welfare of the 
 country depends on it and the Hon'''° Company shall suffer no loss, except that the advanced 
 moueys will bear no interest for a short time. 
 
 Resolution and order to attack the Indians behind Coelaee's Hook and 
 Pavonia (N". J.) 
 
 "Whereas the good inhabitants here have been obliged to i-eside hitherto on their property 
 with great fear and cultivate their land with anxiety through dread of the savages, who now and 
 then have murdered some of our people in a cowardly manner, without cause and whereas we can- 
 not with kindness, obtain any satisfaction for the bloodshed, therefore it is resolved, to take up the 
 arms and defend our just cause, that we may live here in peace, trusting that God will bless our 
 resolution, especially as the community itself on the 22'' of February 1643 demanded to have the 
 same done. 
 
 Therefore we liereby authorize and empower Maryn Adriacnsen at liis request to make with 
 his men an expedition against the party of savages encamped behind Curler's Ilook*'^ or plantation 
 and to act towards them, as they shall deem proper according to the circumstances. Done the 
 25"> of February 1643. 
 
 Sergeant Rodolff is hereby commanded and authorized to conduct and order this troop of 
 soldiers over to Pavonia, there to destroy all the Indians encamped behind Jan Evert'sen^s, but to 
 spare the women and children as much as possible, endeavoring to capture the same. Ho will 
 
 * John Throckmorton, who had left Massachusetts with Roger Williams and 35 others on account of religious 
 persecutions. Throgg's Neck derives its name from him. — Ed. 
 ** On Manhattan Island.— Ed. 
 
Neiv Yorl Historical Records. 11 
 
 tliere be able to judge of the situation, how he can attack tlieni. Hans Steen goes with liini for 
 this purpose, as he knows where the camp of the savages is and lie sliall consult with the said Hans 
 Steen and all the cadets. The expedition must be made during this night and caution is neces- 
 sary. May God grant you further success. The 25"' February 1643. 
 
 Council Minute setting forth the necessity of the Resolution, to enlist a 
 
 NUMBER OF PlANTEES " IN ORDER TO PUT A BIT INTO TUE MOUTU OF THE 
 
 Heathens." 
 
 The 27'" of February. 
 
 Whereas the mischieviousness of the Heathens living here around us has reached such a 
 degree since 2 or 3 j'ears, notwithstanding all the friendship and kindness shown them continually, 
 even more than coidd be done to Christians, taking them under our protection, when pursued by 
 their enemies and whereas their malice has steadily increased, so that after wantonly killing many 
 goats, hogs, cows and horses they have shed Christian blood and murdered at different times seven 
 innocent men, always pretending friendship towards us, in consequence of which none of our good 
 inhabitants here in the country can live in his house with any safety, much less work in his field, 
 and whereas we have made endeavors, to have the murderers delivered to us, which was only 
 knocking at a deaf man's door, while their insolence increased. 
 
 Therefore it had been unanimously resolved, to send last year a detachment of soldiers and 
 free men against these savages, to see whether by such means satisfaction for the blood could be ob- 
 tained. They missed the savages on account of the darkness of the night, nevertheless they were 
 frightened by it and asked for peace on condition of delivering the murderer of Claes Rademaker 
 to us. This was agreed to, but nothing followed, on the contrary they continued in their wicked- 
 ness, shooting down in the Colony behind the Gol one Gerrit van Vorst, who was sitting upon his 
 house roofing it and killing an Englishman, who was in their village, but they did not surrender 
 or punish the murderer in any way. They even imagined, we had come here to be their slaves. 
 Finally they have come in troops of 50 to 100 within half a league from the Fort here and oppo- 
 site to Pavonia, there being every reason to suspect them of intending a general massacre, as they 
 had indeed boasted and as it fonnerly did occur in Virginia and elsewhere. God would not suffer 
 such Mdckeduess to go on for any length of time, he has awakened the community to justice and 
 the revenge of Christian blood. "With this resolve some deputies in the name of all have submit- 
 ted a request, to be allowed to carry out the revenge, as God had evidently given them into our 
 hands. And although fearing to bring trouble over the land, we set before them the difficult 
 situation, especially of the houses far out in the country and inhabited by only few people, which 
 it would be necessary to .abandon, as we have no forces to garrison them all Avith soldiers, and other 
 weighty reasons, they nevertheless made their request so urgently, saying "If we would not con- 
 sent, the blood would be on our heads," that Ave were compelled to give our consent and to assist 
 them with our soldiers, who on the one side have killed a good number, as the freemen on the 
 other. A party of savages, who escaped, have now made attacks upon our houses on all sides, 
 burned four of them with the cattle and killed about ten Christians, having further designs upon 
 the remainder, which we have promptly provided with our soldiers and sailors. This has partly 
 checked them and prevented many difiicnlties. But not having enough soldiers to garrison all 
 houses and considering the great danger, which threatens the country, it has been resolved to en- 
 
12 Colonial Settlements on the Iliuhon River. 
 
 gage for one or two months as many planters, as there are on hand here to save their land or put 
 a bit into the mouth of tlie Heathens, so that we may live in peace, especially as the planters all 
 desire to remove to the North not seeing any chance to plant here. We have no doubt, that in 
 the meantime God's mercy shall help us to a peace, according to our wishes. Our population being 
 scattered here 10 leagues East and West and 7 leagues North and South, it was impossible to pro- 
 tect all these places, mostly in the forest, without having more soldiers than we have hitherto had. 
 
 Declaration of Egbert Pennoter concerning an attempt on the life of 
 Der. Kieft made by Maeyn Adriaensen. 
 
 Before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary of Wew-NetJierland, appeared Robert Pen- 
 noyer, 25 years old, who, at the request of Cornelis van der Hoghins, Fiscal, certified, testified and 
 declared, as he hereby does, in place and with promise of a solemn oath if necessary and thereto 
 requested, that it is true, that on the 21^' of March, being Saturday, he heard Lishet Tysen say in 
 the tavern, (after having asked her twice, what ailed her) : " Eobert, my husband will kill the 
 Commander, go and catch him." Thereupon be, the deponent, immediately set out; finding 
 Marxjn Adriaensen in the Director's chamber, a loaded and cocked pistol in his iiand, he, the de- 
 ponent, tore Maryn Adriaensen^ s sword from his side and threw it on the Director's bed. All of 
 which he, the deponent, declares to be true and truthful, stating that this is deposed by him to 
 bear testimony of the truth, to no person's injury or prejudice, as everyone is bound to do, when 
 requested. 
 
 Done at Fort Amsterdam, the 22* March A" 16i3 in Nno-Nethcrland. 
 The deponent has this 
 
 day confirmed it under Tlie mark -jn of Egbert Pennoyer. 
 
 oath. ' 
 
 To my knowlodgc 
 
 Cornelis \xn Tienhoven, Secretary. 
 
 Particulars of two attempts made on tue life of Director Kieft by tue 
 
 LEADERS OF TUE EXPEDITION AGAINST THE InDIANS. 
 
 Maryn Adriansen* a resident of tliis place and turniorly one of the freebooters and sailors 
 of Compaan having at different times behaved very insolently, as in endeavoring to force his 
 way on board of the Company's ship, when ships arrive, accosting the Director three times with 
 an unbearable arrogance and abusing his good will and affection for the coumiunity, it has at last 
 reached such a degree, that the said Maryn in the afternoon of the 21" March 1 G'lS came under 
 the pretext, that some of the people had called him " murderer " and had reproached him for being 
 the cause of the damages, now committed by the Indians in the country, because he with some others 
 had signed the request for ])ormis8i(>n to have the Christian blood revenged, shed by the Indians 
 so cowardly and of whirli liis ITonnr now diaivowcd the rt'Sf)onsibi]ity and sliifted all on tlie 
 signers of the request, wliich \v;is rwit true Imwevcr. Livixiiig his house in a rage witli a sword and 
 
 * Van de Vecrc, first Settled at Rensseliierswj'ck in lC3l.— Ed. 
 
Ne^o Yorh Historical liecords. 13 
 
 a loaded and cocked pistol he came to the liouse of the Director, and went to his bedroom. Point- 
 ing his pistol at the Director, to shoot him he said " What devilish lies have yon been telling of 
 me? " Mons' La Montague being at the time with the Director, caught the pan with such quick- 
 ness, that the cock snapped on his finger preventing thus through God's mercy, this atrocious design. 
 Meanwhile the Fiscal and several others had come into the chamber, who disarmed Maryn and 
 took him to prison. About an liour later Jacob Stajujh, a servant of JIaryn, and Jan JIarmansen 
 from Lemmet, each armed with a musket and a pistol, came to the Fort, where the Director was 
 walking up and down. He was informed of their coming and retreated to his house, which he 
 barely had entered, when Jacob Stangh fired at him, so that two bullets passed through the door 
 into the wall. The sentry before the door immediately fired at Jacob Sf,//ig/i and killed him, God 
 having in his mercy saved a second titne within an hour and a lialf the Dirccti i\- and the community 
 from a dreadful murder. Shortly after this fearful event about 25 per^Diis, rt'sidcnts of the Maiir 
 hattans, among them some of MaryrCs accomplices, appeared at the door of the Director ; advised 
 to delegate a few of their number, to present their petition, they sent four men to the Director 
 to ask pardon for the criminal, to which the answer was given, that the Director would be 
 satisfied, to leave the matter in the hands of the community, who should decide according 
 to their conscience; they might choose some men for this purpose (as may be seen by their 
 petition, marked No. — ). But instead of communicating with the community, numbering more 
 than 500 men, they showed it only to the 25 or 30 men, who immediately demanded the freedom 
 of tlie prisoner. Tliis having been refused for good reasons, they elected eight men, of whom one 
 had been convicted of a crime, who without having been presented to the Council for confirma- 
 tion, promptly pronounced sentence, that the criminal should pay 500 fl and bo set free on con- 
 dition of remaining away from the Manliattans for tbi-ee months. When they submitted this 
 sentence to us, we represented to them, tliat it was impossible that they had judged with a clear 
 conscience, according to our answer, as they had acted without having heard the complaint of the 
 assaulted party, the motion of the Fiscal, the confession of the criminal, the dejjositions of witnesses 
 and other matters necessary in such proceedings; that this case was of too great impoi-tance to be 
 figiiri'd out on the fingers (as the saying is). We admonished them to consider the matter more 
 (klllKrately and we would furnish them all the evidence. Instead however of correcting their 
 ]ia.-i\- action, they were satisfied with arguing some points in the Director's complaint, which were 
 explicit enough to be understood, and traversing tlie motion of the Fiscal, written by himself with 
 other disputes, as may be seen under No. — . We were at last compelled for the sake of maintain- 
 ing the respect due to Justice, as being tlie foundation of a republic, to take the case in our own 
 hands and to reinforce the Council, numbering only two memljers in criminal cases, by some promi- 
 nent men from the community, as we have always done in important cases. But we could find 
 nobody willing to assist us and in order to avoid the charge of being moved by passion, having 
 through God's mercy sufficient power to carry out a just sentence, we were compelled to send the 
 criminal with all the papers to Holland, to await there his trial, I mean sentence, as the Courts may 
 decide. Done in Council at Fort Avix1,'r<hi)n, the 28"- of Marcli A° lC-±3 
 
 (See N. Y. ('ol. Plist. Vol. I, pi). 194, et seq.; 
 
14 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Peace made between the Dutch and the Indians on the lower Hddson. 
 
 The 22>' of April 1643. 
 
 Between William Kieft, Director-General and the Council of New-Netlierland of the one side, 
 and Oratamin, Sachem of the savages living at AchkinJces liachy* who declared himself commis- 
 sioned by the savages of Tappaen, Jiechgaioawcmc, Kichtawanc\ and Sintdnch, of the other side 
 a firm peace was concluded to-day in the following terms : 
 
 All injuries done by the aforesaid tribes to the Dutch or by the Dutch to them shall hence- 
 forth be forever forgotten and forgiven. 
 
 They promise mutually not to molest each other any more in the future, but if the Indians 
 learn, that any tribe not mentioned now, had evil intentions upon the Christians, they wiU faith- 
 fully forewarn them and not admit such within their limits. 
 
 For the confirmation and ratification of this treaty presents were mutually given. 
 
 We pray God, that this peace may be kept unbroken by the savages. 
 
 Declaration respecting the circumstances, rNDEK which Dirck Straatemaker 
 
 AND his wife were KILLED BY THE InDIANS AT PaVONIA. 
 
 We, the undersigned Sergeant, Cadet and soldiers, declare and testify at the request of the 
 
 Fiscal Cornelis van Hoykens, that on the of February 1 643 (in the morning after having 
 
 attacked according to orders a party of savages behind Ecjbert Wouterseri's) Dirck Straatemaker, 
 his wife and some Englishmen came to the place, where the dead were lying, to steal corn or some- 
 thing else. We declare with promise to confirm our statement by a solemn oath, that we have 
 warned the said Straatemaker and his wife and said to tliem " Go to your house," whereupon the 
 said Dirck answered " We are not in danger ; even if tliere were one hundred savages, the}- would 
 do me no harm." The witnesses then moved away, going according to their instructions to Eghert^s 
 house. Arrived there they heard cries and the Sergeant ordered some soldiers to go there, who 
 found the said Dirck wounded (he finally died of his wounds) and his wife dead. They rescued 
 the Englishmen, who had only one gun among them. 
 
 Thomas WUlettX declares, tliat the said Dirch was asked " Why did you not come with us 
 when we warned you" and that he answered " I might have escaped, but I would not leave my 
 poor wife." 
 
 All of wlilch the Mntnesscs declare to be true. Done the IS"' of May 1643 in New-Ncther- 
 land. 
 
 This is the mark ^P of 
 
 Tiio. Willett JuRiAEN EoDOLFF, Sergeant. 
 
 Pierre Pia 
 Cadet. 
 
 * Haokeusack, N. J. t Sleepy Hollow. \ See Vol. XII, p. 94 n. — 
 
jSfew Yorh Historical Records. 15 
 
 Extract FEOit a Letter of Arent van Corlaek (Curler), Director of tiif. 
 Colony of Eensselaerswyck, to the Patroon in Holland, June 1G"' 1643. 
 (From the Van Rensselaer Papers.) 
 ***** -x- 
 
 I liave been in* the Maquas country last ye&vvf\t\\ Labatie* and Jacob Jansen of Amsterdam,, 
 where three Frenchmen are kept as prisoners ; among them a Jesuit,t a very learned man, whom 
 they had treated very badly by cutting off his fingers and thumbs. I bronglit presents there and 
 asked, that we should live as good neighbors and that they should do no harm to cither the colon- 
 ists or their cattle, to aU of which the savages of all the three castles gratefully agreed. We were 
 entertained there very well and very kindly. We had to M-ait before each castle for about a 
 quarter of an hour, that the savages could make ready and receive us with many salute-shots from 
 their muskets. They were extremely glad, that I had come there. Some men were immediately 
 ordered to go out hunting and they brought home very fine turkeys. After thoroughly examin- 
 ing their castle, I called together all the chiefs of the three castles and advised them to release the 
 French prisoners, but without success, for they refused it in a fine speech, saying " We shall show 
 you every kindness in our power, but on this subject you must be silent. Besides you know well, 
 how they treat our people, when they fall into their hands." Had we reached thei-e three or four 
 days later; they would have been burnt. I offered them as ransom for tlie Frenchmen about 
 600 fl in goods, to wliich all the Colony was to contribute, but they would not accept them. We 
 induced them however to promise not to kill them, but to carry them back to their country. The 
 Frenchmen ran screaming after us and besought us to do all in our power for their delivery from 
 the barbarians. But there was no chance for it. On my return, they gave me an escort of 10 or 
 12 armed men, who conducted us home. Within half a day's journey from the Colony lies the 
 most beautiful land on the Mohawk river, that eye ever saw ; full a day's journey long and mostly 
 contiguous tlie one to the other. But it is impossible to reach there in a boat on account of the 
 strong current and at the same time because .of its shallowness ; but I think it could be reached by 
 wagons. Two of these Frenchmen, of wliom the Jesuit was one, were at my house last May. 
 They ex-j)ressed their hope that means could be found to procure their release. As soon as the 
 Indians return from huntiii"-, I shall endeavor to obtain their freedom. 
 
 Patent to John Throckmorton for Land at Vkeland (Throgmorton's Neck, 
 Westchester Co.) 
 
 We, William Kieft, Direeti.ir General and the Council of N'eiv-N'eihcrland etc etc, 
 
 Testify and declare herewith, that; this day, date as below, we have conceded and granted to 
 
 Jan Trochmorton a parcel of land, (which is a part of Vreland) stretching along the East river of 
 
 Neio-Netherland for one half of a league beginning at the Point and bounded on one side by a 
 
 small river and on the other hj a great Kil, which river and kil run together at high-water sur- 
 
 * Jean Labadie (Labbadie, Lebatie), carpenter, a native of Franee, whence he emigrated to N. N. previous to 
 1634, was subsequently Commissaiy under the Patroon and still later under the Company at Fort Orange. He 
 acted on many occasions as Indian interpreter. — Ed. 
 
 t See Appendix A. 
 
16 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 rounding the aforesaid parcel of land, as is shown by the map thereof, made and deposited by the 
 surveyor, under tiie express condition and stipulation, that he, Jan Trockmorton or his successors, 
 shall acknowledge as his Masters and Patroons the Noble Lords-Directors of the Privileged West- 
 India Company under the sovereignty of Their High : Might : the States-General and obey their 
 Director and Council, as is the duty of a good inhabitant, provided also, that the said Jan Trock- 
 m.orton and his company submit to all burdens and taxes, which have been or may hereafter be 
 imposed by the Lords-Directors. It is further expressly stipulated, that the said Jan Trockmorton 
 shall according to his promise settle as many families upon the said land as may conveniently be 
 done. And we constitute the said Jan Trockmortcm and his company etc etc. 
 Done at Fort Amsterdam, July 6, 1043. 
 
 CoTJNCiL Minute. Request of the Eight Men, that Jan Daiien be expelled 
 feom their board. resolution to renew tue war against tue hostile 
 Indians, those of Long-Island excepted. 
 
 The 15'" of September 1643. 
 
 Before the Council came Jochim Pitersen* Barent Dircksen, Abraham Pitersen, Isaac AlUr- 
 ton,\ Thomas Ilale,% Gerrit Wolphertsen% and Cornells 3felyn, chosen by the community, who 
 requested that Jan Damen, who had been elected with them by the inhabitants, should remain 
 away from their meetings, because Jan Damen had signed a certain request in the name of the 
 community.! 
 
 Jan Damen protests against the aforesaid persons. 
 
 In Council, the aforesaid seven persons each casting his vote, it is resolved, to commence war 
 against the savages, who are hostile to us, either by force or by stratagem, leaving the Long-Island 
 savages in peace, as long as they commit no acts of hostility. 
 
 It was also resolved, if any of the Long-Island savages could be persuaded, to secure the heads 
 of the murderers, to em])loy them for that work. 
 
 The Select Men consent, that as many men should be engaged from among the free people 
 
 These men are to report every Saturday afternoon, to consult on necessary measures ; if 
 are present, their resolutions or enactments shall be valid. 
 
 Declaration of some soldiers respecting the attack on the Colony " behind 
 the Col " (Newark Bay) by the Indians. 
 
 Before me, Cornelia van Tienhoven, Secretary in New-Neiherland for the Priv. W. I. Com- 
 pany, appeared Jan Warrensen, 20 years old, and Hans Neliscn, 30 years old, both soldiers in the 
 service of the said Comjiany, who at the request of Mr. Johannes Wlnkelman and Cm'nelis Jansen 
 Coelen*l attest, testify and declare in place and with promise of a solemn oath if needs be and thereto 
 requested, that it is true and truthful, that they, the affiants, were commanded by the Hon''''' Di- 
 
 * Kuyter. t See Col. Hist. Vol. XII, p. ICO. { Hall, see Vol. I, p. 431. § Van Couwenhoven. 
 II See N. T. Col. Hist. Vol. I, p. 193. T The present family name is Cool.— Ed. 
 
New Yorh Historical liecunls. 17 
 
 rector William Kieft to defcml \\w f'olcniy " lieliiml the Col," tlicir strength being five soldiers; 
 that a very fierce attack was made on the liouse l)y tlie savages in tlie night between tlie 17"' and 
 IS"" of September. We, the affiants, numbering five soldiers, five boys and a man belonging in 
 the Colony defended ourselves, until the savages had fired the house, in which we were obliged to 
 defend ourselves, over our heads, then we had to leave the house on account of the heat and we 
 barely succeeded in saving ourselves in a canoe, bringing with us of all the projierty there only 
 onr arms. All of which they declare to be true, offering to confirm it by their oath. 
 Done the 30"' October l(5i3 at Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherland. 
 
 ark ^ of 
 
 This is the mark f/^ of Jan "Waiirensen. 
 Hans Nielissen. 
 
 In my presence 
 
 CoENELis van Tieniioven, Sccr' 
 
 Report of Petek Cock and Roeloff Jansen IIaes, tuat the Colony on the 
 Col has been destroyed by the Indians, who still iVRE swAiisiiNo around 
 
 THERE AND BURN EVERYTHING AND SLAT EVERYT30DY. 
 
 Before me, Cornells van Tienhoven, Secretary of JSTew-Netherland, appeared Pieter CocTc, 
 30 years old and Roeloff Jansen, 20 years old, well known to me, the Secretary, who at the request 
 of Cornelis Junsen Coelen declare and testify', promising to confirm their attestation by a solemn 
 oath, if so required, that after the Colony behind the Col had been burnt by the savages, it was 
 impossible to go there by land or by water to examine the place and its condition, because of 
 the great number of savages, who burn and slay whatever they can lay hold of in the woods, on 
 the Kil or elsewhere. This tlie deponents declare to be correct and true etc. 
 
 Done the 3'' of November 1013 at Fort Aitistcrdam. 
 
 This r^ Y is the mark of Pieter Kock. 
 
 Roeloff Jansen TTaes. 
 In my presence 
 
 Cornelis van Tieniioven, Seer''. 
 
 Council Minute. Arrival of River-Indians at Stamford, to sue for peace 
 with the Dutch. 
 Whereas Mamarranack, Wajygaurin, chiefs of Kichtawanch, MongocKk/ynnome, Pappenor 
 hatxno of WiquaesTcech* and Nochpeem, together with the Wappinch^ have come to Stamford ask- 
 ing Capt. Onderhil to apply to the Governor of NevyNetherland for peace and have promised 
 now and -forever not to do any harm to either people, cattle, houses or anything else within the 
 tenitoi-y of New-Netherland, also that they will not come upon Manhatans Island, as long as 
 we Dutch are at war with others heathens, unless in one canoe as far as Fort Amsterdam, and 
 they likewise promise to do their best in looking up Pacham, 
 
 * lu Westchester County. t I" Dutchess County. 
 
 3 
 
18 Colonial Settlements on tJie Hudson River. 
 
 Therefore we promise not to molest them, if the aforesaid chiefs and the people with them 
 observe the foregoing and they may cultivate their lands in peace, as far as we are concerned. In 
 confirmation hereof, some of their prisoners are returned to them. 
 
 Done at Fort AmsterdaTn in New-Netherland this sixth of April (1644). 
 
 Articles of Peace concluded in peesence of the Mohawks between the Dutch 
 AND THE River-Indians. 
 
 To-day, the 30"" of August 1645, came to the Fort Amsterdam before the Director and 
 Council in presence of the whole community these Sachems or chiefs of the savages in their own 
 behalf and as attorneys for the neighboring chiefs, to wit Oratamy, chief of Achkinkehaclcy, 
 SeseJcemu and Willem, chiefs of Tappaens and liecligawawanch, Pacham, Pennehech having 
 been here yesterday and having given thiin ]»)wertoaet for him, who also answer for the men of 
 Oriamy and their neighbors, J/^/yc/ //-,///,/(, z/,//;, for the tribe of Marechhawiech, Nayech* and 
 their neighbors, also personally Aij>Jc/i,f si)uakiiig for the Wappinck, Wiquaeskechs, Sintsings 
 and Kichtcuwanghs. 
 
 1. They agree to and conclude a firm, inviolable peace with us, wliieli they promise, as we 
 ourselves, to keep and never to break. 
 
 2. If it should happen, which God prevent, that any difficulty should arise between them and 
 us, no war shall be begun on that account, but they shall come to our Governor and we to their 
 Sachems with the complaint and if any one should have been killed or murdered, the slayer shall 
 be promptly brought to justice. A friendly intercourse shall be kept up between them and us. 
 
 3. They shall not come armed upon the Island of Manhatans to the houses of the Christians. 
 We will neither come with guns to them except in company of a savage, who may warn tliem. 
 
 4. Whereas there is still an English girl among them, whom they promised to bring to the 
 English at Stamford, they again promise to do so and if she is not lirought there, they will bring 
 her here and we are to pay tliem the ransom, promised by the English. 
 
 We promise to have the foregoing strictly observed throughout New-NeiTiei'land. 
 
 Thus done in the Fort under the blue canopy of heaven in presence of the Council of New- 
 Netherland and the whole community called together, also in presence of the Maquas ambassa- 
 dors, who have been asked to come to these negotiations of peace as mediators and Cornells 
 Antonissen their interpreter and <-n-niediator in tliis matter. Date as above. The origiiuil was 
 signed by the marks of Sisidil.ij,), ('/,/,.■< Xuniiiui, Oriitaniui, Aurange Sesekennis, Wille-m of 
 Tappaen and by WiUiain Ki(ft, La J/oniugne, the mark of Jacob Stoffelscn, Jan Ond^rhil, 
 Francis Douthey, Geo, Baxter, lUchard Smith, Gysbert Opdyc, the mark of Aepjen, Sachem of 
 the Mahikanders, Jan Eversen Bout, Oloff Stevenson, Cornelis van Hoyckens, the mark of 
 Cm'nelis Tonissen. 
 
 To my knowledge Cornelis van Tienuoven, 
 Secretaiy. 
 
 * On Long Island. t A cliief of the Molicguus. 
 
New York Historical Hecords, 19 
 
 Council Minfte. Proclamation to be issued ordering a Day of Tiianksgitino 
 
 TO BE observed on ACCOUNT OF THE PeACE WITH THE InDIANS. 
 
 The 3P' August (1645). 
 
 It has been resolved in Council, to issue a proclamation for a day of general thanksgiving, 
 M-liieh shall take place on the 6"" of September next in all the Dutch and English churches within 
 tlic limits of New-Netherland. The proclamation reads as follows : 
 
 As it has pleased the Almighty God in his infinite mercy and clemency in addition to many 
 previous blessings, to allow us to obtain the long desired peace with tlie savages, we have found it 
 necessary to announce it to all the people of New- Netherlands in order that in all places, where 
 Dutch and English churches are established, the Almighty God may be specially thanked, lauded 
 and blessed next "Wednesday, the 0"' of September, the text taken to be appropriate and the 
 sermon applicable thereto. You will please to announce this matter to tlie congregation next 
 Sunday, that they may know it. 
 
 EeSOLUTION to EXPLORE A MINE IN THE KaRITAN COUNTET, ALSO TO EAISE SOME CAN- 
 NONS SUNK IN THE EIVEE AT THE CoLONT " BEHIND THE CoL " BY THE IndIANS. 
 
 The ?A" of August (1C4.5). 
 
 Having received from savages some specimens of mineral, which we think valuable, and being 
 informed by the savages, that the mountain, from which they had brought the specimens, is situ- 
 ate inland near the Raretang, we have considered it best, most advantageous and profitable for 
 the W. I. Company to use all diligence to discover the said mine and when found and it is valuable, 
 it is resolved to take possession thereof for the said Hon''''' Company and build a Fort there. 
 
 "Whereas further in the Colony of Meyndert Meijndertsoi van Eeeren " behind the Col " 
 some iron work and ordnance has been sunk in the river by the savages, it is resolved to fish for 
 it, if possible and bring it to the Manhattans. 
 
 Patent c;eanted to Jacob Jacobsen Hot foe the Teact of Land called Con- 
 stable's Hook on the Kil van Col (New-Jeesey). 
 
 AYe, William Kieft., Director-General and the Council of Ncw-Netherland etc etc. 
 
 Testify and declare herewith, that this day, date as below, we have conceded and granted to 
 Jacob Jacohsen Hoy a parcel of land, called ConstapeVs Hook, situate on the mainland and sepa- 
 )-ated from Statenrlsland by the Kil van Col, covering an area of one hundred and fifty morgens 
 according to the surveyor's map, with the ex|)ress condition and stipulation etc, etc 
 
 Done at Fort Amsterdam, 16-1 
 
20 Colonial Settleiiieiits ou the llmhon River. 
 
 I'atunt to Thomas C'ooisnel oif a Piki.'1c ok Land on tiii'; ItuoNKx kiveu (Westcuestkr Co.) 
 
 Wo, Wi/Uam Kicfi, Diirclor (i.iicrul und the Council of New-Nctherland etc etc 
 
 Testify mul declare hcrcw iili, llmt lliis day, date as below, we have conceded and granted to 
 
 Thomm Ooorncl, a piece of land on llie East river beginninji; at the Kil of Broiikx Land, running 
 
 E. S. E. along the river and stretching about half a Dutch mile from the river to a small kil 
 
 bcy(uid the ^•alloy, running l)ack of this Innd, with tlic express condition and stipulation etc etc 
 
 Done at lu.rt Ai/if</,n/,iw, tlu- 2(.;"' of .iiinc ICIt;. 
 
 Patknt to (\)knki.ih Antonissen van dek Sr-YOK AND Company fob the land of 
 Kaisivil, on the kiveu Mauiutius. 
 
 Wo, William Kicft, Director-General in New-Nctherland for Their High : Might : the 
 Lords States-deneral of the United Netherlands, Ilia Highness the Prince of Orange and the 
 Noble Lords-Diroctora of tlie Incorporated West-India Company, to All, who shall see or hear 
 this, (ireeting: AVhereas Oornelis Antonissen of Breuclien appeared before us and requested 
 ])erniission for liimsolf and companions to have and possess in free ownership the land of A'(it.\/:il, 
 .sltualf on tlie Mauritius ri\cr lor tiu' purposoof establishing a colony there witli liis companions, 
 wliicli he promises to do suliject to the Freedoms and EKcm^tions of New- Neth^rland ; Therefore, 
 considiiring the great service, done to this country by the aforesaid Cornelis Antonisiten in helping 
 to establish peace and to ransom the captives, also that such notable services shoidd not remain 
 without reward, wo, the Director and Council, have conceded suul giimted to the said Coriwlis 
 AutoniMen- the aforesaid land of the Kat^nkil, to establish there a colony M'ithin tho prescribed 
 time subject to the orders already made or to bo made in regard to it by our Noble Masters. 
 Therefore we cede and convey, in. our aforesaid quality, tho said land to tho said Oornelis 
 Anlonissen as real, tici' and [urpetuous possession, giving him full power, authority and direct 
 charge, to enter u]ion, cultivate, inhabit and use tho said land in the same manner, as lie would 
 do with his own inlierited land and goods, without that we, the conveyors in our aforesaid quality, 
 shall have, keep or reserve tlu^ least ]>art, interest or authority in or over it, but desisting for the 
 bohalf as aforesaid liom ivir\ tiling imw and forever, promising also to hold this conveyance as 
 firndy binding, in\ ioialile and irrevocable, lo fuHiii and execute it, as bound by existing laws, 
 willmut deceit or falseluiod. We have signi'd it and confirmed it by appending our seal impressed 
 ill 111! \\a\. Actum Fort .1 in.sterdain in New-Neiherland, the 22'' of August in tho Yeiu* of our 
 Lord aii.l Saviour ICIC. (Signed^ ANHUem Kieft. (Below stood) By order of the Honorable 
 Director (Jeneral and ('oiiiicil of .yi<r-Netherla7Hi, Corn^^lis van Ti^enhoven, Secretary. 
 
Ntxo Yoih IliHtorical liecords. 21 
 
 Extract from a i-ettee of the Directors to Stttvesant: Peace wrrn the 
 IxDiAXs established BY KiEFT ; lEox MINE ON Staten-Isla.nij ; English tkadino 
 HorsE NEAR FoKT Orange. (Decemher IfiJrO OR early in lO-tT.) 
 ****** 
 oiadtobear We Were especially glad to learn, that not only peace has been made with the 
 
 becn'maire "" savages there, but also that it will probably be lasting and firm ; but as the bad dispo- 
 aKes. sitioii of the said savages has before this shown them to be deceitful, we on our side 
 
 will have to keej) always a watchful eye on them and their doings and therefore [every occasion to 
 re-open the war must be avoided and all damages prevented]. We would have liked it, if the 
 conditions or articles of the said peace, (which we believe to have been made in writing) had been 
 sent over to us and expect them now at the return home of the former Director K'/^'ft. 
 ****** 
 The specimens of Nevj-Netli^rland minerals, sent over, have been examined, but, we are told, 
 710 metal has been found in them ; we can nevertheless only deem it advisable, to order the con- 
 tinuation of the search for minerals by your Honor and wish to know, what kind of metal and 
 tills fiTiru the innermost, that is the greatest depth, can be obtained ; we desire also a description 
 of the place, where it is found. We expect also more information concerning the iron mine <jn 
 Staten-Id'tml, while in the meantime we shall endeavor, as we are already doing, to find and 
 send over people, who understand how to try ores and to judge of their value. 
 
 Your Honor ought to gather further information about the English trading-house lU leagues 
 from Fort Orawje* also regarding the right, which the savages claim to have possessed in selling 
 the ground to the Engli.sh, for it is within our jurisdiction and wo must prevent their locating 
 there by all possible means, which your Honor does not consider too dangerous, so as not to become 
 involved into a war with the English. Their doings and arrangements must be carefully watched 
 in the meantime and invasions or trespasses by them as well as by others must be prevented 
 and hindered, if possible. 
 
 Patent to Claes Carstensen tue Norman of a Piece of Land in Xew-Jersey, 
 formerly GRiVirrEu to Barent Jansen, deceased. 
 
 We, WiU'iMm, Kieft, the Director-General and Council of New-N ether laml etc, etc. 
 
 Testify and declare herewith, tliat this day, date as below, we have conceded and granted to 
 Claes CaristenHen the Norman a piece of land, that formerly had been granted to Barent Jannen, 
 deceased, situate on the West side of the North river next to Dirck the Streetpaver's land, stretch- 
 ing from a wood on the N. N. W. along a small kil to the river on the S. S. E. along the valley 
 to the Paver's land, N. E. by E. of the Paver's kil, the wood N. N. W. all covering fifty morgens. 
 with the express condition etc etc. 
 
 Fort Aimtci-dam, the 2.5"" of March 1647. 
 
 * V;in (Icr Donck, in his " Vcrtoogh (Description)" alludes to this place as follows: " The English of New 
 Haven have a trading post on the east or soutli-ca.st side of Magdalen Island (a little below Redliook, Dutchess 
 county), not more than C Dutch miles from the North river. * * It is erected with no other view, than to 
 entToach ou the whole trade on- the river or destroy it altogetlier." The Governor of New Haven Colony denied 
 in abetter to Kieft, that his people had' come nearer to the Hudson, tlian Paugassett river (now Derby, Conn.). 
 The above refers probably to Springfield settled hy Massachusetts people aljout 10:3.5. — Ed. 
 
22 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Patent to Egbert 'Wouteesen of a Piece of Land, called by the Indians 
 Apopcaltck (Comjiunipaw, jST. J.) 
 
 "We, William Kieft, Director-General aud the Council of New-Netherlancl etc etc. 
 
 Testify and declare herewith that this day, date as below, we have conceded and granted to 
 Egbert Woutersen a piece of land, called by the Indians Apopcahjck situate on the other side of 
 the North river, "West from the Manhatans and stretching along the river from Dirck the Paver's 
 kil to the Genwenepaw or Jan Evertsen's kil, IST. E. by E. and S. W. by W. to the kil, running 
 between the woods and the valley and reaching W. IST. W. to the woods, with the express con- 
 dition etc etc. 
 
 At Fort Ainsterdmn, the 10"' of May 16-i7. 
 
 Patent to Makyn Adkiaensen of a Piece of Land, called Awiehaken (Wee- 
 hawken, k. j.) 
 
 We, William Kieft, Director-General and the Council of New-Neiherland etc etc. 
 
 Testify and declare herewith, that this day, date as below, we have conceded and granted to 
 Maryn Adriaensen a piece of land, called Awiehaken, situate on the West side of the North 
 river, bounded on the South by the Hdboken kil and running thence northward to the next kil 
 and towards the woods with the same breadth altogether fifty morgcns of land, with the express 
 condition etc etc. 
 
 At Fort Amsterdam, the ll"" of May 1647. 
 
 Declaration of Commissary Boghard and others respecting an attack by 
 the Raritan Indians. 
 
 We, the undersigned, attest, testify and declare in place and with promise of a solemn oath if 
 necessary, that we, being in the Company's service in the year 1640, were at the request of the 
 savages, called the Earitans, sent by the Hon*"' Director Kieft to trade. Arrived at the usual 
 trading place in the yacht " de Vrcede" these Earitans in stead of showing the customary friend- 
 ship and trading witli our people, began to scoff, brought on squirrels, offering to sell them to 
 Cors Pitersen and at the same time slapped his face with them. They came on board witli a 
 quantity of martens, all were armed with axes, swords and other weapons ; we were therefore com- 
 pelled by the narrowness of the Kil to push lower down, where we run aground. The Raritam^, 
 all of them stout fellows, seeing this, followed in canoes, came over, lifted the kedge and running 
 alongside on each side of the yacht tried to tow us back to the aforesaid place, annoying us very 
 much, which put us on our guard and made us look to our arms. The Earitans wanted to com- 
 pel us to bring them to the shore, but we refused and said " You have canoes, row yourselves 
 ashore in them." Finally seeing us on our guard, they dared not make any further attempt. 
 They carried off our canoe against our will and we could not recover it, there being too many 
 present. Then and at the right moment God sent a violent storm of wind, thunder and hailstones, 
 whereby we got away, whicli, altiiough the Kil is very narrow, tliey could not prevent with their 
 
New YorJc Historical Becords. 23 
 
 arrows coming from both sides. We, the affiants, at the request of the Hon"' William Kieft, 
 attest this to be true, offering to coniii-m it under oath. Fort Amsterdam in New-Neiherlaiul., this 
 IT'" July 1647. 
 In my presence • ITaeman M. BoonAijDE, Commissary 
 
 COK. VAN TiENHOVEN IIaEMAN DowNEK 
 
 , The mark T-p-^ of Goes Piteesen, made by himself. 
 
 Extract from a letter of Director Stftvesant to Governor "WrN-THROP at 
 Boston : vindicates himself against the accusations of having teied to 
 LNcriE THE Mohawks against the English. (3'' of April 1648.) 
 
 I am on myne owne pte trulie griued that my reall intentions of mutuall amitie and good will 
 are for present (by theire misconstruing my actions and some unkinde passages) in parte obstructed 
 and being likewise wounded in my reputation in a high degree by theyre scandalous reportes raised 
 and Credit given to them of my indeauours to raise the Mohocke Indians against the English 
 there, it being soe farre from the rules and principles of Christianitie and Charitie, soe much as to 
 haue a thought thereof, much more to put in practise such a diuilish and wicked deuice ; but 
 according to my bownden duty to God and my neighbour, att my being att our fort of Am-ania* 
 I reallie indeauoured to establish a firme peace, not only betwixt the Mohocks and all the Indians 
 there k. us here (but likewise as I then declared myselfe to them) betwixt them and my brethren 
 the English and Ffrench, w* was for present well accepted of them. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Director Stityvesant : 
 
 A LENIENT I'OLICV TOWARDS THE InDIANS IS RECOMMENDED. 7"' April 1648. 
 
 We shall first reply to your Honor's report on the condition of our territory there, in which 
 you complain that the soldiers are very disorderly and without discipline. It looks as if the slack- 
 ness of the late Director and the neglect of duty by the preacher liave been the cause of it and 
 we expect your Honor will redress it, even as a tree, which has been growing some time and has 
 run wild, must be pruned with great care and bent with a tender hand, to be brought into a good 
 shape ; it is especially said of the native inhabitants of these territories, that they must be governed 
 with kindness and the former wars incline us to believe it ; we would have preferred to avoid 
 these wars, for we notice, that the savages have thereby come to a knowledge of their strength and 
 they are consequently very anxious to provide themselves with guns, powder and lead ; they ask 
 for them to be used for hunting purposes, but we presume that is only a pretext. We remark how- 
 ever, that they are so bent upon it, that we must apprehend, they would rather begin a new war 
 
 * Fort Orange (Albany). 
 
24 Colonial Settlements on tlie Hudson River. 
 
 against us, than to be entirely deprived of it and considering, that under our present circumstances 
 a wiir would be utterly unadvisable, we would think it best to provide these people, but sparingly, 
 wo mean by the Company's officers, without giving such a permission to any private parties. 
 
 \ 
 
 Indian Deed for Westchestek County, Easteen Half. 
 
 This day, date as below, appeared before the Hon"''' Director-General and Council MegtegicTc- 
 hama, Oteijochque and Wegtakaohkey, lawful owners of the lands lying on the East side of the 
 North river of New-Netherland, called Wiequaesheck stretching in breadth through a wood to a 
 kil called Seweyrur* dividing it at the East river by a North and South line from Greenwich on a 
 kil called Kechkawes.-\ This land between the two kils runs to the middle of the woods between 
 the North and East rivera, so that the westerly half remains to the abovesaid proprietors and the 
 other easterly half is divided from it by a line drawn North and South through the centre of the 
 wood. The aforesaid owners acknowledge in the presence of the chief Sei/seychhiintis and all 
 their other friends and blood relations to have sold the said parcel of land tu the Noble Prf/'w.? 
 Stuyvesant, Director-General of New-Netherland, in consideration of a certain lot of merchandise, 
 which they acknowledge to have received and accepted before the passing of this act, namely 6 
 fathoms of duficls, 6 strings of wampum, 6 kettles, 6 axes, 6 addices, 10 knives, some iron, corals, 
 one gun, 2 staves of lead, 2 lbs of powder, 1 coat of duffels. 
 
 Therefore the aforesaid owners of the said land transfer, cede and convey it to the said 
 Director-General and his successors as a time and lawful property, renouncing for themselves and 
 their descendants now and forever all claims thereupon and resigning herewith all rights and juris- 
 diction, delivering it to the said Hon"" General and his successors, who may do with it as they 
 please, without being molested by them, the sellers or any one of them. It is further agreed, that 
 the Western half may be bought for the same amount as above, when the Director-General desires 
 to pay for it, and they, the sellers, promise to sell the part still in their possession on the North 
 river for that price and not to sell to anybody without informing the Director-General. They 
 further promise to maintain and uphold this contract firmly and inviolably and sign it m presence 
 of their chief the li"' of July 1049 at New-Amsterdam in Netc-Netherland. 
 
 This is the mai-k ^t^*^ of Megteqickhama 
 This is the mark ^ ^ 
 
 of PoMU'AUAN. This is the mark /'X)C4^ of Weotakachkey 
 
 This is the mark /*-''-'X/'i„t_^ made by the chief 
 
 Seoseychkimi's as witness. 
 * Byrams river. t Maharnes river, Couu. 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 25 
 
 Propositions made by the Chiefs of the savages living in the NEiGimoRiiooD of 
 THE Manhattans, namely Seysegeciikimus, Okatamin, Willem of Tappaen and 
 
 PeNNEKES from " BEHIND THE CoL " IN THE CoUNCIL CHAMBER AT FoRT AMSTER- 
 DAM IN PRESENCE OF D? JoHANNES MeGAPOLENSIS, MINISTER OF RenSSELAEESWYCK, 
 
 Arent van Curler and Johannes van Twiller. 
 
 1. 
 
 Peyineheck, the Chief " beliind the Col " made a speech in tlie Indian tongue, which was 
 transhited and said, the Southern Minquas had asked them to Hve in friendship with the 
 Dutch, which they were willing to do and for that purpose they had brought a present to the 
 IIou'''= Director. 
 
 2. An Indian of MechgachTiamic had involuntarily or unknowingly lately done mischief at 
 Pmdus IIooJc, which they requested us to excuse. 
 
 3. Pennekeck said the tribe called Raritanoos, formerly living at Wiqvaeskeck liad no chief, 
 therefore he spoke for them, who would also like to be our friends and sent through him their 
 greetings to the Hon""" General. Throws 3 beavers to the ground as a present. 
 
 ■t Meijterma, the Chief of Neyick, was included with his people into this agreement and 
 
 would be, like them, our friends. They throw 3 beavers down. 
 
 5. He speaks for the tribe of Pemahenono as for the above with a like present. 
 
 C. Pennekeck threw down 2 beavers declaring in the name of all, that their heart was sincere 
 
 and that they desire to live in friendship with us, forgetting on either side, what was past. 
 
 7. Pennekeck said : " I wish you could see my heart, then you would be sure, that my words 
 are sincere and true." He threw down two beavers, saying That is my confirmation. 
 
 8. The Hon"'* Director had in former times desired to speak with them ; it was done now and 
 they had shown their good intentions ; they are now waiting to see, what he would do, laying 
 down two beavers. 
 
 9. Pennekeck said, although the Hon''''' General could not understand them, they did not 
 doubt his good intentions. 
 
 10. In conclusion Pennekeck said : It is the wish of the Minquas, that we and you should be 
 and remain friends, we are ready for it. 
 
 The Hon"" Director-General first expressed his thanks to the chiefs, that they had come to 
 visit him with offers of neighborly friendship, and he then told them that he "was jjleased to hear 
 such a request. He promised, that nothing whatever should be wanting on our part and that he 
 was willing to live with them in mutual friendship and intercourse. No cause for complaints 
 should be given and if somebody injured them, they sliould themselves report it to the Director, 
 in order that they should receive justice in accordance with the case. In token of his good will 
 he accepted their presents on the foregoing propositions with thanks and in due time he would 
 return the compliment. 
 
 A small present worth about 20 guilders was then given to the common savages and some 
 tobacco and a gun to the chief Oratamin, and so the savages departed well pleased. 
 (July 19'" 1649.) 
 
26 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Lease of Land on the Katskil by Brant van Sleohtenhokst to Jan Diecksen. 
 
 This day, the li"" day of January, Anno 1650, Jan Dircksen from Bremen has leased and 
 rented from Director Brant van 8lechtenhorst* and the Commissaries, the old maizeland on the 
 north side of Katskil, to wit the tract of laud, where the squaw, who is chief of Katskil resides, 
 for the term of six yeai-s on the following conditions ; 
 
 ****** 
 
 The lessee further engages to read on every Lord's or other Holiday for his Christian neigh- 
 bors the holy Gospel or a sermon out of a homily, if it can be procm-ed and to sing one or more 
 psalms before and after tlie Christian prayers according to the custom of the Reformed Chm-ch. 
 
 Indian deed for Schodack. 
 
 (From the Van Rensselaer Papers.) 
 
 1650 March 13"". I the undersigned Vanetnenheeten acknowledge to have sold to Jac(^ 
 
 Jansen a piece of land on the large Island, also called by the Dutch Aepjes (little Ape's) Island, 
 
 with a small piece on the east side of a little kil, for which I have asked 4^ pieces of cloth, two 
 
 handfuls of powder, one axe and 2f more. 
 
 Signed /' C, "T/VX. ^^^^^ ^^ ^^"^ mark of 
 
 Wanemenh f.eten. 
 with the Original in the Colony of Eensselaerswyck, May 14, 1664. 
 
 D. van Schelluyne. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors to Petrus Stttyvesant: the grant 
 OF the Catskil lands, 10 Febr 1650. 
 
 Formerly* the name of New-Neiherland was seldom mentioned and now heaven and earth 
 are, as it seems, moved by it and every one wishes to be the first to select the best part of it. 
 Wouter van Twiller appears to have tried to prevent this and has therefore provided himself with 
 more allotments, than he ever intended to cultivate or populate ; he has had even the impudence, 
 to enter upon land, which had been granted by letters patent to others, for instance the Catskil, 
 which was covered by the patent issued to Cornells Antony van der Slyck : we are wondering 
 therefore, that this man, who has a good claim to it, has not objected before now and he must be 
 maintained in it. We deem it however best, that possession should be given to neither. 
 ****** 
 
 ♦Director of Van Rensselaer's Colony since Nov. 10, 1646. 
 
 t Before Cornells Melyn, Wouter van Twiller and others had begun their intrigues against Stuyvesant and the 
 W. I. Company.— Ed. 
 
I^eiv York Historical Records. 27 
 
 Extract from a letter of the same to the same: feaes are E^TEKTAIXED, 
 
 THAT A WAR BETWEEX THE EnGLISH AND THE WaTPLSG IxDIAXS MIGHT BE FATAL 
 TO THE XORTH RITER CoLONIES. lo"" ApRIL 1650. 
 
 TTe look with anxiety upon the resolution of the English to begin a war with the savages, 
 called Wappiiigs, for if these are driven out of their country, the former would, by occupying 
 the conquered land, have a good oppoi-tunity to separate EensselaersiDyck from us and would then 
 also become masters of the whole North river and with it of the fur trade.* There are alreadv a 
 number of competitors here for that trade ; Woutcr van Twiller and his companions especially 
 pretend, that they alone ought to have the monopoly of it. As the Company has so far reserved 
 to themselves the right to exclude all others for all times from this trade, we would do it now, if 
 we only could think of the proper means. 
 
 EXTEACTT FROM A LETTER OF THE DIRECTORS TO PeTEUS StTJTVESAXT : LAND GRANTS 
 ON THE EARrrAN, KiL VAN CoL, CaTSKIL ; FREE NAVIGATION OF THE XoRTH RRER : 
 
 Baeon van der Capelle's COLONY ; Mohawks invade Canada. 21'' March 1651. 
 
 We observe that many people do not scruple, to take possession of all the best land there, 
 without formality and without determination by survey, as if the Company and its officers had 
 nothing to say about it and had been robbed or deprived of their prerogatives ; we have there- 
 fore thought it necessary to direct your Honor herewith, not to grant land to any one without his 
 acknowledging properly the authority of the "W. I. Company and your Honor will especially take 
 care that henceforth not more land is granted to people, than what in your opinion after a thorough 
 examination of their means they will be able and intend shortly to poj^ulate, cultivate and bring 
 into a good state of tillage. Several instances prove, that by non-observance of these rules many 
 pieces are now claimed as property of many years' standing, although very few improvements 
 in regard to settling, cultivating, tilling or planting have been made. Thus we see it in Cornells 
 Mely7i^s, WouUr van Twiller'' s and others' cases ; Melyn owning an island of 7 or 8 leagues' 
 length, f of which only eight morgens of land are under plough. And Wouter van Twiller is 
 not only not satisfied with adding HeUgateX to Nooten Island,% but he endeavors also to get pos- 
 session and make himself master of the CatsJiil, in addition to which he has stretched out his 
 hand for the two flats on Lon/j-Island, one called Twyler's and the other Corler\s flat, containing 
 together 1600 to 2000 morgens. 
 
 Wolfert Gerritsenl and Andries Hudde have done the same ; they took possession of .about 
 1800 morgens on the same island, while they cannot settle the fiftieth part of it : this is quite 
 against our intentions, for' many valuable pieces of land might be claimed as property (with great 
 prerogatives) in such manner and the land itself would remain unpeopled. We direct yom- Honor 
 
 * The importance of the North river fur trade is shown by an entry in Vol. A. Mortgages in County Clerk's 
 Office, Albany, which tells us, that 40940 beaver and otter skins were shipped from Albany in the time from 
 the 20th June to 27th September 1657.— Ed. 
 
 t Staten-Island, granted to Melyn in 1642.— Ed. 
 
 t Two Islands in Hellgate were patented to W. v. Tw. in July 1637. § K. L Governors I. patented June, 1637. 
 
 I Van Couwenhoven. 
 
28 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River, 
 
 therefore expressly not to allow or grant any more land to anybody, except under the conditions 
 stated above, and to keep Long-Istamd, (which we believe to be the most important and best piece) 
 for the Company, to divide it npon occasion for the accommodation of farmers and planters, until 
 a rule shall be made, as to how much land shall be surveyed for each colonist. 
 
 We are astonished beyond measure to hear, that your Deputy, Dincklage, has made common 
 cause with these invaders, especially with Govert Lockermans or others, who have bought much 
 laud from the Raritans on the Kil opposite Staten-Islund, without considering in whose name 
 they are to get a conveyance from their High: Might :, without knowledge of the Company; 
 we cannot believe it and intend to resist it with all proper means, as far as we are concerned. 
 ****** 
 
 Brant van Slechtenhorst s remonstrances receive no more consideration from us, than to notify 
 
 us in regard to the taking possession of the Katskil, which had been conveyed to others long 
 
 before he took possession of it and we have so far not been able to discover, by what right he or 
 
 his principals lay claim to this property, for they have never asked the Company for it in proper 
 
 form. 
 
 ****** 
 
 'T is true, that the Notary Jan van de Venne has made several applications to have a large 
 tract of land, which your Honor thinks might be granted to him without any great prejudice to 
 our interests : we would like to consent to his request, if he only would desist from his extravagant 
 demand of highest and lowest jurisdiction, which we deem inconvenient and are still resolved to 
 keep for the Company by all proper means ; but we are willing to grant to everybody as much 
 land, as he shall need. Many people are again going over in the ships now ready to sail, who 
 intend to settle there and you must accommodate each according to his position and the number 
 of souls with him, consulting your own discretion and the requirements of their families, for it 
 is our aim to promote the increase of population there by all means. You will also accommo- 
 date the Honorable Ilendrick van der Capelle* with favorably located lands, as far as he is in- 
 clined to take possession of and cultivate and people any land there, which he seems to intend 
 judging from his letters : for we desire very much, that so wealthy people might take a fancy 
 
 to these lands. 
 
 ******* 
 
 "We were very sorry to hear, that the Maqiiaes savages had invaded the territory of the 
 French in Canada and captured 8 or 9 Christians, for whom they are said to have demanded a large 
 ransom or they would cruelly torture them, which excited your Honor's compassion. That is the 
 duty of all Christians, but every one is bound to care for himself and his own people; your Honor 
 cannot be ignorant, that some time ago men of this nation have been ransomed at the expense of 
 the Company and by the contributions of the community, for which we have never been repaid ; 
 so that we think, that when the complaints reach France, they will take care of their own 
 countrymen. 
 
 * * * * ' » * 
 
 * See N. Y. Col. Hist. Vol. IT, p. 517 note. 
 
J^ew Yorh Historical HecorJa. 29 
 
 Entry by Coenelis van Wekckhoven at the CirAirBEK of Amsterdam fok 
 
 TWO COLONIES, ONE AT THE NeVESINO AND THE OTUEK AT TaI'I'AN AND GRANT 
 OF THE ABOVE CoLONIES. 
 
 To-day, the 7"" of jSTovember of the Year One Thousand Six Hundred &, Fifty-One appeared 
 at the office of the West-India Company at Amsterdam the Honorable Cornells van Werckhaven, 
 Councillor of the Municipality and Ex-Schepen of the City of Utrecht, who declared himself 
 Patroon of two colonies, which he intends to establish in Neic-Wetherland, one beginning at the 
 NevesincJc and stretching northward to near the colony of the Lord of JVederhorst, the other 
 beginning at Tappan and stretching northward through the Jlighlands, botli suliject to the con- 
 ditions and conform to the rules, lately made by the Company and delivered to their High : Might : 
 for approval, or such other privileges and exemtions, as may be granted hereafter by the aforesaid 
 Company with the knowledge of their High : Might : . The aforesaid Honorable van Werckhoven 
 promised to act in everything properly and for the service of the Company, while his Honor re- 
 ceives on the part of the Company a promise of every help, favor and assistance possible, in wit- 
 ness whereof this record has been made on the day and in the year as above. 
 
 The Directors of the Incorporated West-India Company, Department of Amsterdatn, to All, 
 who shall see this or hear it read, Greeting ! 
 
 Know ye, that they have consented and authorised, as they herewith consent and authorise 
 his Honor Carnelis van Werckhoven, Councillor of the Municipality and Ex-Schepen of the City 
 of Utrecht, that he may, as Patroon, establish a Colony in New-NetJierland, beginning at the 
 NevesincJc and stretching northward to near the Colony of the Lord of Nederfcorst, all subject 
 to the conditions and conform to the rules, lately made by the Company and submitted to their 
 High : Might : the Lords-States-General for approval, or all such other privileges and exemtions, 
 as may hereafter be granted by the said Company with the knowledge and approval of their 
 High: Might:. They order, charge and request therefore every one, whom this may in any way 
 concern, not to hinder his said Honor, Cornells van Werckhoven, herein, but to help, favor and 
 assist liim, when necessary, whereas thus it has been decided to be for the benefit of the Company. 
 
 Thus done at the meeting in Amsterdam, the 7"" November 1651. 
 
 The same for a Colony beginning at Taj^an, near the Colony of van Nedcrhorst and stretch- 
 ing northward through the Highlands. 
 
 Extract from a representation made by the Dieectors of the Amsterdam 
 Department of the W. I. Company to the BuRCrOMASTERS and Regents of 
 Amsterdam: on the situation of New-Netiierland regarding Indian affairs, 
 
 TAN DiNCKLAGE AND MeLYN. 
 
 To the Noble, Very Worshipful, Their Honors the Burgomasters and Regents of the 
 City oi Amsterdam. 
 
 Show with due reverence the Directors of the Incorporated West-India Company, Department 
 of Amsterdam, that the country, called New-Netherland, has by God's blessing greatly increased 
 in population, cultivation and trade during the last short period and that it will apparently con- 
 
30 Colanial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 tinue 80 on account of its suitableness, to which the Directors contribute all then- efforts in making 
 proper arrangements for the progress of agricultui-e and trade, as well as for the government and 
 peace of its inhabitants. Several matters have been met with herein, which we are at a loss to 
 decide or issue orders about without the wise counsel of your "Worships : namely the following 
 points : 
 
 The communities of both the Neiherlanders and the English in the jurisdiction of the Com 
 pany complain in all their letters of the insolence of the savages, who since a year or a year and a 
 half have murdered several people, carried away some children and stolen many animals, all under 
 the pretext, that we are forbidden to oppose them, as they claim to have been informed by the 
 bearers of the complaints from New-Netherland, who were here last year ; that the gentlemen of 
 the Supreme Government here had expressly commanded not to begin a strife with them under 
 any consideration, as it had been done formerly, when these barbarians were brought to reason 
 and quieted and compelled by the troops of the Company to make peace, which they now violate 
 as stated above. 
 
 The English of the Province of New-England have felt the same inconveniences as our in- 
 habitants and have proposed, to form an alliance with our Director, in form of a guarranteed 
 league {ligite garantie), to assist each other in times of need or trouble. As they are juuch stronger 
 in numbers of soldiers, than our subjects, they offer to bring into the field two men for one of 
 ours, provided that they shall also have a double voice in judgingthelegality or illegality of and re- 
 solving upon aggressive war. 
 
 The Deputies of their High : Might : have provided last year all the indecent complainants, 
 who came here from New -Netherlands with safe-conducts upon their return : these men mean now, 
 under this pretext, to do all kind of mischief by inciting some evil-minded persons against the Di- 
 rectors and officers of the Company. 
 
 The Vice-Director, Luhhert van Dincklagen, patronises these quarrelsome fellows as much as 
 possible and the Directors have therefore found it advisable, to summon him home by the last ships, 
 to answer for his conduct ; but before our letters had reached there, he had retreated to Staten- 
 Mand and joined one Cornells Ilelyn, who is the most principal author of the factiousness and 
 
 mutinies They have established a government to their own liking on this island, 
 
 also a court, but m-c prefer to keep silent, instead of saying, under whose direction and authority. 
 
 Submitted 13"' February 1652. 
 
 ExTKACT FROM THE ANSWER TO THE FOREGOING. 
 
 The 15"- February 1652. 
 
 The Committee of the Council, appointed to examine the remonstrance of the Directors of 
 the West-India Company, by which they ask for the decision and advice of this "Worshipful, Hon- 
 orable Council, as to how they shall act in certain difficult matters, which they complain to have 
 encountered in the management of New-Netherland, have resolved, after the said Directors have 
 given an explanation of their remarks, to advise as follows, first 
 
 That the officers of the Company in New-Netherland shall be allowed, to resist with all 
 proper force and means the violence and invasion of the savages, who, as they complain, have for. 
 
New York Historical Records. 31 
 
 some time past killed several of their subjects, carried away children and stolen many animals and 
 they have further permission, to establish and conclude for this purpose a ligue garantie in such a 
 manner, as they may judge to be best for their safety and reputation. 
 
 Letter from Cornelis van Werckhoven to ? entering a caveat against the 
 
 GRANT OF THE KaRITAN COUNTRY TO BaRON VAN DER CaPELLEN. 
 
 Copy. 
 
 Sir. 
 
 Arriving at Utrecht from Guelderland I received a letter from L. van Sevcnter, chief-clerk 
 of the "West-India Company, dated the 11"' of March, and with it an extract from a letter written 
 by Baron Hendrick van der CapeUe to your Worship and the Honoraljle Edward May, which 
 said that his Noble Honor asserted to have bought the liaritan from the natives of the country, 
 (while this place has been granted and surrendered by j^our Hon"'" Worships to me as a colony). 
 I request therefore to be informed whether I am to look out for another colony. 
 
 But I cannot omit to address myself to your Worship in regard to it and to request with great 
 respect, that I may be sustained in the privileges of a colony, which has been granted to me, 
 since no previous purchase has taken place and only the priority of grant is claimed and even if it 
 were the case, which it is not, that a previous purchase had been made, his Noble Honor would 
 not be able to maintain his claim, for his Noble Honor himself declares, that he has given di- 
 rections to buy the liaritan and believes or thinks, that it is already purchased. This is not cer- 
 tain, while on the other side I have given directions two years ago, to buy that district for me and 
 have also received letters and information from there, which I will show to your Noble Worship, 
 that the same has been purchased for me from and paid for to the lawful owners and natives of 
 the country, as I stated to your Worships in my request for the grant, and I cannot believe, that, 
 even though they are savages, they will sell a piece of property twice, but rather think, that some 
 persons have made his Noble Honor believe, that this was a good piece of land, most convenient 
 for his purposes, and have therefore acted in this manner to oust me. But I trust, that the Very 
 Worshipful Lords-Directors will uphold me in the grant given by them, in which your Worship 
 will please to support iny interest, to have my privileges confirmed, for I shall not cede nor sur- 
 render my claini to Baron van der CapeUe. His Noble Honor has himself written to me, to 
 which I answered as your Worship may see by the enclosure. Commending your Worship with 
 my very dutiful respects to the protection of the Almighty I remain, as ever, 
 
 Sir, 
 Utrecht, J/- March. Your Worship's obedient servant 
 
 [CoKNELIS VAN WeECKHOVEN.] 
 
 Letter from Baron van der Capelle to Cornelis van Werckhoven, inioem- 
 
 INQ THE latter, THAT HE HAD PURCHASED THE RarITAN COUNTRY. 
 
 Copy of a letter from Baron van der 
 Capelle to the Hon"'" Werckhoven. 
 I learned from the Directors of the West-India Company, when I passed through Amsterdam 
 on the f } of this month, that your Honor had selected two colonies in the country of the Nevednch 
 
32 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 and Raritans savages, the native proprietors of that district, near Staten-I stand ; as I have honght 
 from the same natives and proprietors some land near Staten- Inland on the mainland a long time 
 ago, to add to the safety of that island, I informed the Lords-Directors thereof, as soon as I heard 
 the above and wish to communicate it also to your Honor, that no trespass may be committed on 
 my territory, bought from and paid for to tlie lawful proprietors. 
 
 I know, that your Honor will not do anything to my prejudice, for the sake of our long and 
 intimate fricndshi]), and therefore trust, that your Honor will, upon receipt of this information, 
 select two other colonies not on the land, bought by me, but at another place, for the extent of 
 New-Ncthertand is very great and just as good soil may be found at other places, as in the afore- 
 said Nevesinck or liaritann country near Utatenrldatul. 
 
 Therefore our correspondence about this matter ought to contribute to a better and more 
 useful promotion of tlio colonies, which we both intend to establish, and to the advancement of the 
 cultivation of the soil and population of the country for the benefit of the Company and the service 
 of our common country : I exi)ect for these reasons a definitive answer and advice, whether your 
 Honor will undertake the journey in the sjiring notwithstanding the present warlike preparations 
 aud reprisals of the English Kepublic. 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 Henk. van DEii Capelle toe Ryssel. 
 
 COKNEUS VAN WeUCKUOVEn's ANSWER TO THE FOREOOINO. 
 
 Coj)y of the answer of the Honorable Wcrch- 
 hoven to Baron van der (Ja])elle. 
 
 I have to state in answer to your Noble Honor's letter, dated at ZutpJien the j^j ^^SlL,y , that 
 no colonies have been granted to me by the Directors of the West-India Company, the soil of 
 which had been previously to their knowledge been purchased by others from the natives of the 
 country, although, even it were so, such a claim could not be admitted or have preference, but only 
 the age and priority of the grant, issued for such a colony : if this is to prevail and have force, 
 then I too have given orders two years ago to purchase the liaritan Kil and the land contiguous 
 to it for my benefit from the native and lawful proprietors of the country : I have received letters 
 and communications, that the same has been bought for me and paid for some time ago, also taken 
 possession of, as I can show to your Noble Honor. I had been informed, that your Noble Honor 
 liad purchased a bay and land on Long-Island, as well as the land of the Nevesinck from the Sand- 
 point to the Nevesinck bay, but not farther, else I would have extended my limits farther into the 
 Nevesinck, but I did not do it, because I did not wish to give your Noble Honor the least cause 
 of offense or inflict damage and therefore I request most resj)ectful]y to leave me too in undis- 
 turbed possession of the land, purchased by and granted to me, and not to interfere, for I would 
 not like to give up the privileges of my colony. "With further offers of my services etc' 
 
 COK. VAN WeECKUOVEN. 
 
JSfew Yorh lllntorical Itecords. 33 
 
 Extract fkom a LETricu of the Diijkctors to STtTYVKr^ANT : a Xk\\-Netiieri,axd 
 
 BUKEAU IS TO BE ESTABLISHED, TO CHECK THE ABUSES IN LAND GRANTING ; CON- 
 FLICTS ARISE BETWEEN THE PURCHASES OF BaRON VAN DER CaI'KLLE AND VAN 
 
 Werckhovex ; war between the Mohawks and Canada Indians. 4"' of 
 April 1G52. 
 
 From our secret resolution, wliieli m-c entrust lierewith to the Honorable General, regarding 
 tlie vexatious by the savages, of which the inhabitants complain and to which they are exposed 
 through the instigations of evil-minded persons, who make the savages believe, that wo are not 
 allowed to punish them for their illdoings, your Honor will perceive, that if necessary, in an 
 emergency a league may be made with our EikjIIkJi, neighbors, that thereby the insolence and mis- 
 chief doing of the barbarians can be held in check ; we cannot however consent, to give them 
 a preponderance in the council, for we consider that dangerous. 
 
 We have established here a special bureau for Nevi-Netherland matters and it is therefore 
 necessary, that we should receive by first opportunity accurate registers of all lauds, bouweries and 
 houses, let out on lease by the Company, with the rents and conditions, under wliich they are 
 rented and as the Exemtions show, that the island of Manhattans is always to be reserved for the 
 Company, while we have reason to believe, that some lands and lots have been given to private 
 parties without our knowledge, we recpiire a detailed information concerning it, for it has the 
 a])pearance, that with God's help we shall liave there a large population in a short time ; we must 
 therefore keep good order, that every one may find a suitable place and that the land may be 
 divided with more equality, than formerly, when everybody took, what pleased him best without 
 knowledge or consent of the directors or their oiiicers, as we find it now in the cases of Wauter 
 van Twiller, Olfert Gerritsen* Lvhhert van Dincldage,JacohWol])hertHen* and others, who have 
 taken and purchased many tracts of land from the savages without our consent or knowledge. 
 AYe consider this very intolerable and therefore deem it necessary, that your Ilonor should warn 
 everybody by public advertisement, not to buy or take possession of any land without knowledge 
 and approval of the Company and its officers, also dissolve all such contracts of purchase, made 
 heretofore, under the condition, that the buyers shall be reimbursed for their out-lays and the title 
 vested in the Company. All this with the understanding, that we are and wall be willing, to grant 
 as much land to everybody, as he will undertake to cultivate and populate, but we do not intend 
 to give away the land with unlimited boundaries, as formerly, especially not whole islands, of 
 which one was given to Comelis 3Ielyn, who upon 8 leagues of country has only settled 5 or 6 
 living beings. His title has consequently' lapsed since a good while and it would have been proper, 
 that it should have been taken from him some time ago and given to people, who would have better 
 fulfilled their engagements. It seems now, that Baron Jlendrich and Alexander van der Capelle 
 have negotiated with this fellow and bought from him one half of tlie island without previously in- 
 forming us ; Baron IlendricJc van der Capelle declares besides, that he had given orders to buy 
 for his account the land of the Nieuwesinclc and Raritans back of Staten-Island, which as we did 
 not know it we had granted to the Hon"'" Cornelis van Werckhoven, who goes there with a goodly 
 number of souls, to take possession, as your Honors may learn from the commission, which we 
 gave him. If this gentleman InS interested in the affairs of New-Netherland and especially in the 
 
 * Van Couweiihoven. 
 
34 Colonial Settlementii on the Hudaon River. 
 
 welfare of the Company, as we hope he is, then he may become an instrument, by which many 
 people could be drawn thither, although we wish, that we could have refused the grant of such a 
 colony, for we agree with your Honors and consider such grants very inconvenient for the Com- 
 pany, but we could not refuse it to tliis man, who is a member of the Government, because we did 
 not like to appear as being opposed to the influx of population ; here again in this grant we meet 
 the inconveniences mentioned above, for Baron van der Cajjelle claims to have been proprietor of 
 these lands for a year or eighteen months ; we must say to it, that we have had no knowledge of 
 it and that they must come to an agreement among themselves : these are the consequences of the 
 attempt to establish a government within a government. 
 
 "We are quite concerned in regard to the request of the Canada savages, who liave become 
 involved into a war with the Maquaes and resolved to go into the country of the latter, to 
 do so they would require permission to cross over the North river and have already asked it from 
 your Honor. "We consider a consent to their request very dangerous, for we must fear to get into 
 trouble with the savages, the more so for the reasons mentioned above ; it is therefore our opinion, 
 that it is best, to refuse such a passage politely. 
 
 "We alluded above to the contest about to arise between Baron Hendrick van der Capdle and 
 Cornelia van Werchhoven concerning the territory of the Nieuesinch and liaritans / this matter 
 has gone so far already, that they have entered written protests against each others ; the Honorable 
 Mr. Werckhoven has addressed himself to us and requested, that he should be supported in the 
 privileges granted by us, which we shall find ourselves obliged to sustain as far as possible, that so 
 improper purchases of land from the savages may henceforth be prevented ; the said ^VercJchoven 
 has also petitioned their High : Might: for the above reasons and we expect to see now shortly, 
 what rules shall be established in these matters. 
 
 Ordinance against kunners in the Mohawk and Seneca countky. Passed 
 Septbr 20, 1652. 
 
 (Sec Laws of New-Netherland, p. 137.) 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors to Stuytesaxt: Yan "Werckhoven 
 
 DECLINES the COLONIES ON THE ItARITAN AND AT TaI'I'AN AND SETTLES AT 
 
 Nyack, L. I.. 13'" Decbr. 1C52. 
 
 Your Honor has misunderstood our intentions in regard to the Colonies of tlie Honorable tJ«7i 
 Werckhoven, whose two grants for colonies your Honor supposes to extend 20 miles in a straight 
 line, or your Honor has not read the Exemptions carefully, for all colonists are not to receive 
 more, than four miles on one side of a na\ngable river or two miles on each side. His Honor van 
 Werckhoven had his choice and could have taken the hinds, but as he has not done it, has given it 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 35 
 
 HJ-) and gone to Nyack, one half of the same place is granted to him, that he may settle there and 
 act fur his best. We shall henceforth not grant any more colonies, as we see that the people de- 
 ]nand such extensive tracts. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the same to the same : War between the Mo- 
 hawks AND Canada Indians: the establishment of a tradinc; house, 20 
 DnxcH miles north of Albany, recommended to attract the Canadian fur- 
 trade. 6"" June 1653. 
 
 We are informed here by good authority, that great quantities of peltries might be secured 
 there from the Canadian savages, in case these tribes could come to Fort Orange without danger 
 and without having to make a circuitous route to Fort Orange and the Colony of liensselearstvyclc. 
 But they are constantly molested by their neighbors, the Ifaquaes, with whom they are at war 
 almost continually and this is said to be the reason, why these Canadian savages, fearing the 
 dangers and troubles of a southern trip, sell their peltries to the French and other nations, which 
 trade there, so that the Company and her peo]ile are deprived of all this trade. We wish there- 
 fore to suggest to your Honor, whether it would not be of advantage and service for the Company, 
 to establish a trading-house, IS or 20 leagues above Fort Orange and make it the staple of this 
 fur-trade. It would be, as we believe, no small matter for the Company and we expect your 
 Honor's opinion on this point by first opportunity. 
 
 We have decided upon your Honor's request in favor of the Honorable van Wercl-Ji-oven, 
 that in case he needs more laud, which he is able to cultivate, the Com[)any shall accommodate 
 him. 
 
 Resolution to provide the IMohawks with a moderate asiount of powder and 
 lead, lest they apply therefor to the English. 
 
 The IIon*''° Director-General and Council have been informed and advised of the scarcity 
 of powder and lead among the Ilaquaas nation and of the incessant demands, which they con- 
 sequently make on the inhabitants of the Fort Orange, the village of Beaverwyck and the people 
 of the Colony, and have further considered, that, if the aforesaid ammunition were entirely and 
 suddenly denied to the said nation, the good inhabitants of the aforesaid village and places might 
 have to suffer some mishap or at least that thereby the whole trade might be diverted and that 
 the aforesaid nation might ask for the ammunition from the English, our neighbors, and obtain it 
 there, a circumstance which in this dangerous situation would bring more and greater misfortune 
 on this province. As the aforesaid Maquaas are now our good friends, who, obliged by want 
 of the said ammunition to look for it among our neighbors, from whom they also can get a 
 larger quantity of wampum for their beavers, have already received large gifts and presents from 
 the English, in order to attract their trade, and as the consequence of this would likely be, that with 
 the loss of their trade, we would also lose the friendship of the Maquaas and hence heap more 
 misfortunes upon us and our nation, 
 
36 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Therefore "We tlie undersigned Director- General and Council of New-Neiherland have thought 
 and deemed it proper and highly necessary, pursuant to the order and direction of the Hon'''" 
 Company, to accommodate the aforesaid nation with a moderate trade in ammunition, to wit, 
 powder and lead and to hare the same sold to tliem for the present time through the agency of 
 Rutgert Jaeobsen,* co-delegate of Fort Orange and the village of Beaverwych, but as sparingly 
 and secretly as possible, for reasons and motives, which in time, if it is necessary and required, 
 shall be communicated to the Hon^'" Lords Directors of the Incorporated "West-India Company. 
 Thus done and decreed by the Hon''"' Director-General and High Council of New-Netherland 
 the 25"" February 1654- in Fort Amsterdam,. It was signed : P. Stuy vesant, Nicasius de Stille 
 and La Montague. 
 
 Patent to Dlrck Ziecken for a piece of land at Cosimonipaw (N. J.). 
 
 Petrus Stuyvesant, on behalf of their Noble High : Might : the Lord States-General of the 
 United NetJu /•hinds ami uf the Noble Lords-Directors of the Priv. "West-India Company Director- 
 General of i\'' "-.^' //"//"/"/, Curacao and the Islands thereof, with the Hon"'" Council declare, 
 that we have to day, date underwritten, granted and conveyed to Dirck Ziecltxn a parcel of land 
 situate across the North river near Qemoenepaen, beginning at the boundaries of Claes the 
 Norman's land, at a kil coming from the woods and stretching to the Company's land, divided 
 therefrom also by a kil coming from the woods. The land runs along the valley N. E. by N. and 
 S. "W. by S. and is wide along this valley or strand 300 rods, back in the woods also wide 300 rods 
 reaching into the woods N. "W. and S. E. 100 rods. "With the express conditions etc etc. Done 
 at Amsterdam in New-Netherland, the 16^'' of June 1654. 
 
 An Okdinance aoainst FtJBNisHiNG LIQUOR TO Indians. Passed 28"' August 1654. 
 (See Laws of New-Netherland, p. 182.) 
 
 Resolution ordering the Fiscal to forbid certain Englishmen settling at 
 Vreedtland ("Westchester Co.). 
 
 It is resolved in Council : 
 
 "Whereas some Englishmen begin to settle and establish a village far within our boundaries 
 upon the lands bought and paid for by us a long time ago at Vreedland, tiie law-otScer of the 
 Hon*"'" Company, Fiscal Cornelis van Tienhaven shall issue an interdict, ordering them to desist 
 from further proceedings and to remove. 
 
 Done at New-Amsterdam, November 5"' 1G54. 
 
 * Van Sclioi'iulerwort. 
 
jSi'eio Yorh Historical liecorJs. 37 
 
 Patent to Michiel Jansen for laxd at Pavoxia (N". J.). 
 
 Petrus Stuyvesant etc. with the Hon"'"' Council declare, that we have to-day, date underwrit- 
 ten, granted and conveyed to Michiel Jansen a parcel of land, situate at Paoonia, back of his own 
 land, 80 rods wide running N. E. ; into the woods on the N. W. 200 rods in length along the 
 land of Claes Jansen Backer, thence X. E. 80 rods, altogether 20^ niorgens. With the express 
 conditions etc etc. Done at Fort Amsterdam in N". N. the 27'" of Novbr 1654. 
 
 Patent to Claes Jansen Backer for land at Pavonia. 
 
 Petrus Stuyvesant etc. with the Hon"'" Council declai-e, that we have to-day, date under- 
 written, given and granted to "Claes Jansen Backer a parcel of land, situate at Pavonia, back of 
 the land of Claes Pietersen Cos, running X. E. for 120 rods, X. W. into the woods 200 rods, wide 
 in the rear 120 rods, altogether 40 raorgens. With the express conditions etc. etc. Done at Fort 
 Ainsterdam, this 27"" Xovbr 1G54. 
 
 Patents issued for lands in New Jersey on the 4"' and 5"* of Decesiber 1C54. 
 
 To Jan Cornelissen Buys a piece of land across the North river between Gemoenepaen and 
 Kil van Col, ranning all the river or bay S. W. GO rods, width in the woods in the rear 60 rods 
 stretching into the Woods X. X. W. 250 rods on either side, together 25 morgens. Decbr 4"' 
 1654. 
 
 To Jan Lulhertsen* a piece of land across the Xorth river between Gemoenepaen and the Kil 
 van Kol, running along the river or bay S. W. 80 rods, width in the woods in the rear 80 rods, 
 stretching into the wood's X. X. W. for 187^ rods on either side, together 25 morgens. Decbr 
 5"- 1654. 
 
 To Jan Gerritsen van Imnien a piece of land between Gemoenepaen and the Kil von Kol, 
 running along the river or bay S. W. for 40 rods back iu the woods 40 rods wide, stretching into 
 tho woods X. X. W. for 375 rods on either side, together 25 morgens. Decbr 5"" 1654. 
 
 To Jen Cornelissen SchoenmaecJcer a piece of land between Gemoenepaen and the Kil van 
 Kol running S. W. along the river or bay for 40 rods back in the woods 40 rods wide and stretch- 
 ing into the woods X. X. W. for 375 rods on either side, together 25 morgens. Decbr o"" 1654. 
 
 To Gerrit Pietersen a piece of land between Gemoenepaen and the Kil van Kol, running S. 
 W. along the river or bay for 40 rods, wide in the woods at the rear 40 rods, stretching into the 
 woods X. X. W. for 375 rods on either side, together 25 morgens. Decbr 5"" 1654. 
 
 To Lvhhert Gyshertsen a piece of land on the other side of the Xorth river, between Jan 
 Vinge on the Xorth side and Jan Cornelissen Buys on the South side, nmning along tlie river 
 
 * Appointed Clerk of the Company Sept. 8, 1654, licensed to keep school in New Am.sterdam Aug. 13, 1658, 
 Commissioner to fortify Bergen in 1663. — B. F. 
 
38 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 S. "W. by W. for 90 rods, width in the rear in the woods 90 rods, stretching into the woods N. 
 W. "W. for 333^ rods on either side, together 50 morgens. Decbr 5, 1654. 
 
 To Gyshert Lubbertsen a piece of land between Gemoenepaen and the Kil van Kol, running 
 S. "W. along the river or bay for 40 rods, wide at the rear in the woods 40 rods, stretching into the 
 woods N. N. W. for 375 rods on either side, together 25 morgens. Decbr 5, 1654. 
 
 To Hendrick Jcmsen van SchalchwycJe a piece of land between Gemoenepaen and the Kil 
 van Kol running along the river or bay S. W. for 40 rods, wide at the rear in the woods 40 rods, 
 stretching into the woods N. N. W. 375 rods on either side, together 25 morgens. Decbr 5, 1654. 
 
 To Jan Comelissen Cvynnen a piece of land between Gemoenepaen and the Kil van Kol, 
 running along the river or bay S. W. 40 rods, wide at the rear in the woods 40 rods, stretching 
 into the woods N. N. "W. 375 rods on either side, together 25 morgens. Dec. 5, 1654. 
 
 {Jan Cornelissen Crynnen being dead, the same land was patented to Isaac de Foreest 
 April 17, 1664, who proved to have purchased it from the original grantee.) 
 
 Pkotest against TnoMAS Pell for settling on lands belonging to the Dutch 
 wrru notice to quit. 
 
 19'" April 1655. 
 
 Cornelis van Tienhoven, by virtue of his commission as Fiscal for the Province of New 
 Netherla/nd and Attorney for its authority and jurisdiction, etc etc. 
 
 To you, Thom,as Pell or whom else it may concern. 
 
 Having been directed to proceed to and upon the lands of Vreedlandt, taken possession of 
 during the time of the late Hon""' Director-General Kieft and bought from and paid for to the 
 actual owners and proprietors, natives of this country, as the Book of Deeds and their signatures 
 prove, I inform and warn you and all, whom it may concern, herewith, that you and your associ- 
 ates have not only settled upon lands, bought many years ago by the Dutch nation and occupied 
 by the late Hon*'" Director Kieft by virtue of the title deeds, but that you also occupy it by 
 usurpation, contrary to the agreement made at Hartford and to the peace concluded between the 
 two nations in Europe, against the will and consent of the Director-General and High Council of 
 New-NetJierland. 
 
 Therefore, I, the Fiscal, give you and all, whom it may concern, this public notice in the name, 
 and on behalf of their Noble High : Might : tlie States General and the Lords Director of the 
 Priv. W. I. Company by the bearer hereof, Claes van Elslandt, Court Messenger, chosen and 
 appointed to execute this errand, to warn you not to proceed with building, clearing, pasturing 
 cattle or cutting hay or whatever else may bo necessary for the cultivation of the soil upon the 
 aforesaid puiclmscd and Idmit ])o.ssessed lands contrary to the agreement made at Hartford and to 
 remove williin liflrfii days all. r tlic Service of this notice from the lands within the jurisdiction of 
 New N<lli< rhiiiil witli your [Moplc, servants or bound slaves, furniture, cattle, implements and 
 everything brought there by you or yours as your ]:)roperty, under the penalty, that if you or any 
 of you shall be found after the date aforesaid to have acted contrarily, of being prosecuted, you 
 and all whom it may concern, according to law. Tn the meantime T protest against all damage. 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 39 
 
 injury, mischief and trouble, which tlirongh your actions may arise, while we declare before God 
 and the World to be innocent thereof. 
 
 Done at Amsterdam, in New Netlierland on the date as above. 
 
 Whereas the present situation does not permit, that the Fiscal of N. Netherland should serve 
 the foregoing notice and protest in person, therefore the Court Messenger, Claes van Eldand, is 
 authorized to do it. Done at Amsterdam in N. N. date as above. 
 
 OeDEE on the EEl'EESENTATION OF THE MaOISTEATES? OF FoRT OeANGE, TO PUB- 
 LISH AN OKDINANCE AGAINST KUNNEKS AMONG THE InDIANS. 
 
 Monday the !"• of June 1C5.5. 
 
 In regard to the running into the woods, to draw out the savages with their beavers and the 
 subsequent inconveniences, which might arise therefi'om, the Commissary and the delegates of the 
 (aforesaid) Fort {Orange) and of Beaverswyck shall have permission, to frame, conclude, publish, 
 afBx and execute in our name such a jilacard, as they, being on the spot, shall find most proper and 
 necessary for the best of the community and the prevention of evil. 
 
 Lettee feom inhabitants of Gravesend to the Directoe and Council, stating 
 
 THAT they AEE THEEATENED BY InDIANS. 
 
 Copy. S"-* September 1655. 
 
 Honorable, Wise, Prudent and Veiy Discreet Gentlemen, the Ilonorable Du-ector-General 
 and High Council of Neio- Netherlands Greeting! 
 
 Your Worships. We have here daily strange reports from Ilemsteede, Newtown and else- 
 where, to the effect, that the savages intend to pick out the Dutch from among the English in 
 order to destroy them, demanding of the English at Oravesend, that they should separate from 
 ns, so that they might not be in the same danger of blood and good. Last night, when we were 
 all under arms, a letter was read to us to the same effect, of which we send herewith a copy to 
 your Honors, and we have great many other reports, too long to repeat, but all tending to make us 
 remove from here, as we have been publicly admonished by Tilton\ and the Magistrates, that it 
 were best for us and the preservation of our lives, if we separated from them and moved to the 
 Manhattans, by which means the English would also remain safe; if we would not remove, they 
 would nevertheless do their best for us: we think this a poor consolation, if the savages should 
 come : it is also reported, that the Indians of the North and of the neighboring places make great 
 preparations to carry out their plans quickly, so that they urgently request, VfQ should separate 
 from them to save our lives and that as speedily as possible : these incessant solicitations have made 
 us perplexed and surprised, as we do not know, what to do and what not or to whom we sliall 
 
 * This 13 a clerical error in the Origiual. It ouglit to be either 38th or 8th Octbr. — Ed. 
 t Clerk of the village of Gravesend. 
 
40 Colonial Hettlements on the Jlu(hon lliver. 
 
 liHtcn, except, after God Aliriighty, to your liononiljlo WorHliips, who, wo trust, will aesist us with 
 their wisdom and power, as the present necessity reijuires it, since, as it seems, the water is already 
 U[) to our li[)8 and, if we once leave here, Jmikj- Inland is no longer inhabited hy Dutch people. 
 Therefore we presume, it rests with your Honors to see, what our situation is, which we cannot 
 understand ; for they arc abroad day and night, on foot and on horseback, from one to the other, 
 whence your Worships can in your Honors' wisdom conceive, what we may have to expect. Yester- 
 day Tilton and tlie Sheriff of Newtown came, to-day they went away again together. If your 
 Ifonors resolve to save Lony-Idund and us, a moderate force could do here much or at least 
 enough, Ijut if your Honors wisiied to have us near the Foil, then hands and feet alone could not 
 get oui- food or that of our wives and children and it would be necessary, to send a well-armed 
 vessel to Aidonij .Jmmen} h place, in order to take aboard as much provisions and other things as 
 possii)le ; we'll leave to your Honors' wisdom and discretion a matter, which we trust will 
 thereby be looked after to the best, and we expect your Honors' advice and orders, according to 
 which wo shall govern ourselves, in the meantime we are and remain your honorablo Worships 
 subjects (signed) Jacobus van Cokler, Jan Tomassen, IIuyiibskt Jansen Stoock, Jacob IIei.lkkas, 
 
 LuYOAS VAN DKit LuMiORST, Barent Bahtes, tlio mark »-t-r of IIendbiok CoKNELissEN, the mark ^ry 
 
 of .Ian Jacuiihion, the mark / of VVii.LioM Wiij.KMSKN, tiic mark 11/ of (Jornelis Beeckkman 
 
 (<hited) GruveHcnd adi ut supra. 
 
 WeHtoheatcr, 27"' September 1C55. 
 Respected friends. After my respects presented unto you I am sensible of your foares &, it 
 is not without grounds I feare to use the Best meanes as in my jiower shall not be wantinge in 
 Mice to you for your preservation to speake with tho Indians. We know not how the bearer 
 hereof can fiii-ther inform you. But if you send a messenger about Saturday with your myndc I 
 thinke owi- Sagganudcer will be hear, but if you doe not, my true indeavcr shall be used for your 
 safetye and my weake advise to you at present iff you intend your preservation & alsoc the Dutch 
 tlial are amongst, iff \\wy m(;ane to huuc iheyre Lines, there must bo meanes used for them to 
 Kclomiiino llieyr owne contiienien for t^ufei:;ii,ir(l ; fortius I fully understand that tho Indians 
 will picli theni out, of evei-y J'.'ikjI i.sk louiio upon tlie Hand & in Nc"m-Ev(jland, it is a trouble to 
 our Sagganiakiu-, that there is soe many Diilck with you, for feare the should wrong you in killing 
 of them, BOO desiring tho Lord to protect you I rest 
 
 was subscrybed Tuo : Wikler. 
 
 Tho Iiidians intend 
 noe wrong to tho J'm- 
 ylinh, if tiiey assist 
 not tho Dutch with 
 
Ntiv Yorh llistorical Jicconh. 41 
 
 DeCLAUA'IIoX as To THK HOSTIIJ'rv (IK 'I'lIE Indiaxs. 
 
 8"" SeptpinbcM- l()5r.. 
 
 J(mq>h Sajf'ord and Thouiax Head, rcsi(liii<; at McxpadU KU,-' testify that tliey wei-e this day 
 informed l;y Joseph Fouler, Goetman Beets, Sanmel Touio and Ills sua WiUiaiii Read, thai some 
 inliabitants of Gravesend had been at Wedchester and that the sauhenis of the savages had been 
 tliere at Lieutenant WJweler's and that tliey would send to the Eiifjlish vilhigcs on Lomj-Jdwmh 
 to deliver and jilaee in tlieir hands 7'//(v///r^v .\iiloii, Unuij XnUm iind Hdward Jesop, hcCAWiHi 
 they liad assi>ted tlie Dutch in tiic Fort durlui^- that ni^dit, when tlio savages here did so nuicli 
 Jiann, while tlie savages liad forbidden tlio En/jlish to bring any provisions or fuel to tlie Man- 
 hatans and intended to burn their huts and liouses, in case the Emjlish would lielp the Dutch with 
 fuel and ])rovisions. Tiiey declare, that this is true and are willing to confirm under oath, that 
 they have it thus from the above named persons. Date as above and signed Josici'ii Sakfoiid ; the 
 
 mark "j^ of Tomas Hkkdt (Beneath stood). This was written in the ])resence of M.\: Ijimonfdijni' 
 an<l the Burgomaster Mr. Allard Anthony, in wliose presence the affiants took tlie oath adminis- 
 tered by the Fiscal. Date as above, and signed : Lamontaone and Allakd Antony. 
 
 Minute and votes of the Cocncie ox the Afrnox 'I'o v,v, taken itEoAiiuiNr, the 
 
 EOUKOOINi;. 
 
 9'" October. 
 
 Present iu Council the Hon'"''' Director-General Petrun /Stui/oes/int, the Hon'''" (Jouneillor 
 Lamontagne the Hon"'" Fiscal Tienhomn, Mr. A /lard Antony and Mr. Oloff 8t(>i:enson,Vi\xY\x,o- 
 masters and Mr. Johannes JVevius, ex-Alderman of this city. 
 
 The above letter, received last night from the Diitch ot Gravesenrl, having been ica<l and 
 opinions pro et contra liaving been expressed in the Council, it was resolved, that each member 
 should express his opinion separately, as to what action ought to be taken. 
 
 Opinions given by the gentlemen themselves or dictated by them. 
 
 The Hon'''" J )i rector-General thinks, that it would not be bad, if Messrs. Jlontcu/ne and Al- 
 lard Antony went to Gravesend as a committee to find out, how matters stood and to sound tho 
 feelings there. 
 
 Mr. LaTnontayiie advises. 
 
 That 20 or 25 men ought to be sent to tlie village of Graveaend to assist the T)u1(h. 
 
 Advice of Fiscal Tienhoven, written by himself. 
 After the letter, written in English from Westcluister to the people of Grave-iend and sent by 
 some of them to the Director and Council together with a letter and request for assistance, advice 
 and orders, had been read in the Council, whereupon the Council expressed opinions pro et contra, 
 Cornells van Tienhoven advises, that for pregnant reasons no soldiers should be sent to the village 
 aforesaid for the present, but at first to try mediation and summon some of the magistrates by a 
 friendly Letter, to appear as soon as jiossilde before the Council here in the Fort, then show them 
 the letter from WestcJiester, remind them of thc^r proper honor, oath and duties and recommend 
 
 ♦ On Unv' Isliiu.l. 
 
42 Colonial ^ettlevient8 on the Hudson liiver. 
 
 to the Dutch to maintain a firm stand at Gravesend and not to leave tlieii- home without necessity. 
 Date as above and signed, Coknelis van Tieniiovkn. 
 
 Advice of Mr. Allard Antony, written by himself. 
 Having heard the lion"" Director-General's proposition regarding the letter, arrived from 
 Graiwxtud, to send two delegates to them, my advice is, that it is only necessary to write to the 
 magist rales of Gravesend, that they should appoint two of their number to come here to the 
 lion''"' General with two of the Dutch nation and that, as we had understood, they had received 
 a letter of advice from Lieutenant Wheeler of Westchester to communicate tlie same to the lion''''' 
 Director-General and Council. Date as above, signed 
 
 Allard Axtony. 
 Advice of the lion'''" Burgomaster Oloff Stevensoio''-' : 
 
 Tliat two delegates ought to bo sent there, in order to find out, how matters stand, for if only 
 two are summoned from there, probably no complete information could be obtained. 
 Advice of Mr. Johannes Nevins, written by himself. 
 My advice is, to write a letter to the people of Gravesend, that they send us two delegates 
 witli two Dutchmen, who are well informed of the daily rumors current there, then to inquire as 
 well as possible into the truth of these and this as soon as feasible, as the present situation does not 
 admit of a long delay ; then we can, in accordance with circumstances, resolve upon the best means 
 to prevent further liariu and for the best of the country. Date as above, signed 
 
 Joannes Nevius. 
 
 It having been resolved by a majority of votes, to write regarding the foregoing to the people 
 of Gravesend, the following letter was sent to them to-day, both in Dutch and in English. 
 
 Worshipful, Dear and Faithful. 
 
 We have received last night a certain letter from the Dut<'h in the village of Gravesend, 
 in which they inform us of their fears of being surprised by the barbarous savages in these dan- 
 gerous times, which fears seem to be the result of a certain letter, said to be written by Lieutenant 
 Thomas Wheeler of Westchester to your worshipful Council, advising the English and Dutch to 
 separate from each other. Although we do not know, whether it is so or not, we consider the 
 proposition of separation, based only on reports or a simple letter, quite unfounded and unadvised, 
 therefore we write herewith as well to the Dutch people as to you, that you remain together and 
 keep together good watch and bo on the look-out : if yon should believe some soldiers required for 
 greater safety, we shall not fail to send tlicm to your assistance, as the circumstances will permit; 
 now, however, this letter is to request, tliat you will delegate two of the magistrates and send 
 them Iiithcr, to arrange with us regarding the present critical situation of the village and to give 
 us a nuire detailed report on the common rumors and the letter of Thomas Wheder and whereas 
 it is Sunday to-morrow, we shall expect your delegates next Monday relying upon which we com- 
 mend you to God's protection and remain 
 
 Your good friends 
 Date as above The Director-General and Council of JVew-Neth^rland. 
 
 (signed) P. Stuyvesant. 
 
 The letter was directed : To the Worshipful, Dear and Faithful, the Miigistrates and Com- 
 munity of the village of Gravesend. 
 
 * Van Cortlandt. 
 
Ntw York Historical Iiecord>i. 43 
 
 Oil the 12'" of October 1G55 two delegates from the magistrates, Will. Willckens and Will. 
 Bimne appeared before the Council in pursuance of the reijuest of tiie foregoing letter and thanked 
 tlie Director-General for his offer and will give infonnation, as soon as they liear of danger and 
 then state what they recpiire. Date as aho\e. 
 
 Kesolution fobbidding the sailing of the vessels in port and departure of 
 able-bodied passengers, until tiie present crisis is past. 
 J I'" Octol)er. 
 
 Tlie present critical sitnati(»ri of tlie country having l)een tak(;n into consideration by the 
 Director-General and Council, they have, in the presence of tlie Jjurgomasters and Scheepen of 
 this City, resolved for weighty reasons not to let the homeward hound ships, now ready to sail, 
 depart, before the man-of-war " De Waagh^'' which is ex^pected every day, has arrived : regarding 
 tlie passengers, who to the number of 00 or thereabouts have given notice, that they will lejive 
 with the aforesaid ships, it has been unanimously resolved for the greater safety of the country, 
 not to allow any passenger, able to carry arras, to leave for the present, unless God shall give a 
 cliange for the better. Date as above and signed P. Stuyvesant, Lamontagne, Cor. van Tien- 
 iiovEx, Oloff Stevenson, Joannes Nevius, Jacob Strycker, J. Vinge. 
 
 MlNITTE OF THE AITENDANCE OF JacOB VAN CoRLER AND JacoH SiLI.IAKES WITH TIIE 
 MAGISTRATES OF GrAVESEND. 
 
 12"' October. 
 
 Tiiis day appeared before us, pursuant to summons, Jacoh van Corler and Jacob Sillialies 
 with the magistrates of Gravesend ; after their request had been heard, the Director-General and 
 Council decided, that whenever the magistrates and inhabitants of the village of Gravesend should 
 hear of or suspect any greater danger, than the present one and give information thereof to the 
 Director-General and Council, succor of soldiers shall be sent to them, as circumstances will ]ier- 
 mit, in accordance with the letter of the Director-General, written to them on tlie '.)"' inst. Date 
 as above in Fort Amsterdam in New-N etJoerland. 
 
 Letter from Director Stuyvesant to Capt. 15ryant N"uton, warning iiim to 
 
 BE ON THE LCJOK-OUT FOR InDIANS. 
 
 Capt? Brian Nuton. Tliis is to inform you, that 3 or 4 canoes with savages liave been seen 
 near the Hellegat on Long- Island ., who have taken Pieter, the chimney-sweep, prisoner; therefore 
 you will have to be on your guard and keep your men close together and whereas I have been in- 
 formed, that the free people, contrary to my order, do not remain together, but that every 
 one runs here and there to his own plantation, you must once more and this the last time 
 warn them, that they take care and keep together according to my order or tliat I shall be olihgcd, 
 to take other measures herein. Yon are lierel)y especially directed to keeji your soldiers togetlier 
 
44 Colonial Settlements on the Hudmn River. 
 
 and keep a good watch. Farewell. Done at Fort Am,!it.erdam in New-Netherland^ 12"" October 
 1655. 
 
 The letter was directed : To the Valiant, Pious Brian Nuton, Captain-Lieutenant, at present 
 at Amesfoort. 
 
 A letter of the same tenor was also sent to Sergeant Nicolas Velthuysen, now at Midwout. 
 
 Minute of the appeaeance befoke the Council of Stephen Neckek, who had 
 
 BEEN taken PKISONEE WITH 5 OTHERS, BY InDIANS AND IS SENT TO DEMAND A 
 EANSOM. 
 
 13'" October. 
 
 Stephen Necker appeared before the.CouncQ and reported that Peter, the chimney-sweep with 
 five others, of whom he was one, bad sailed to the aforesaid chimney-sweep's plantation to fetch 
 some animals from there ; after they bad been there about half an hour they were attacked by 
 about 30 savages, he does not know of what nation, who took them all prisoners ; four of them 
 bad been wounded and he with Cornells Mourissen (afterwards shot in the back with an arrow, 
 which has been cut out by the barber) have been sent here by the savages, to ask for their ran- 
 som the following ai-ticles, which the savages had marked with notches on a stick : 
 
 20 coats of cloth 40 knives 
 
 20 handfuls of powder 10 pairs of shoes 
 
 10 bars of lead 10 pairs of socks 
 
 10 kettles 10 addices 
 
 2 muskets 10 liatchets 
 
 3 swords 20 tobacco-pipes. 
 20 strings of wampiiia 
 
 MmUTE OF A MESSAGE BROUGHT FROM THE InDIANS AT PauLUS HoOK, THAT THE 
 PRISONERS WILL BE RELEASED IN TWO DAYS. 
 
 13"' October. 
 
 Peter Cock, who conducted Captain Post* and others to Paulus Hook, reports that the In- 
 dians had told him, the prisoners shall all be here in two days, come over, then you will see it. 
 Also, that the savages are not satisfied, that Captain Post had not come over at the fixed time and 
 that they say, you Dutch people lie so much, that you cannot be trusted. Date as above. 
 
 * Captain Adrian Post, his wife, five chiklren and servants were capt\irpd in the att.ack by the Indians on New 
 Amsterdam and the other settlements Sept. 15, 1655. See Col. Hist. Vol. XII, pp. 98, etc. Post settled after- 
 wards in Bergen, N. J. — Ed. 
 
New Yorh Historical Reconh. 45 
 
 Resolution not to pat thk kansom, demanded by the Indians. 
 IS^i- October. 
 
 It liaviiig been considered in Council, whetber tbe ransom demanded by tbe savages sboukl 
 bo paid for tbe four persons, wbo bave been taken prisoners by tbe Indians to-day and for otbers, 
 \\\\o niigbt yet be captured, wben tbey, bke the former, without knowledge, even contrary to 
 orders of tbe Director-General and Council go to distant and lonely places, it was after some de- 
 bating pro et contra resolved, concluded and decided in tbe negative, because, as soon as tbe other 
 savages, who bave 73 of our people as prisoners, would bear, that so much has been paid for 1 
 they would demand a considerable sum, and for other pregnant reasons to be brought forward in 
 due time. Date as above. 
 
 Oedinaiice against persons going into the country in small parties, passed Oct. 16, 1C55. 
 (See Laws of New-Netherlaud, p. 198.) 
 
 Order for the .safety' of Amesfoort and the Bay. 
 
 16"- October 1C55. 
 
 "Whereas this day appeared before us with Captain-Lieutenant Brian Nuton, Elhert Elbertsen, 
 Marten Jansen, and Albert Albertsen, all inhabitants of tbe village of Amesfoort, Mdio report that 
 some of their townsmen bave removed and others in the village are unwilling to work with tbeni 
 and help carry the general burden of the village in keeping up the guard, therefore the Director- 
 General and Council having taken it into consideration, it is concluded and resolved, that the ab- 
 sentees, who have their houses on the aforesaid Bay, as well as those, who are present, must help 
 carry and contribute to the general, burdens of the village and its safety, as well in maintaining the 
 military garrisoned there as safe-guard as in watching and patroling with the otbers. Tbe Di- 
 rector-General and Council further ordered, that tbe absentees must keep for each bouwery at least 
 one stout man, properly provided with musket and side-arms and that until further orders, each 
 bouwery shall provide two soldiers with sufficient provisions for their board and in case of refusal, 
 tbe above said Captain-Lieutenant Brian Nuton, Elhert Elbertsen and Marten Jansen are ordered 
 and authorized to hire a man for each bouwery and to put the soldiers in board with some one at 
 the charge and expenses of those who disobey or refuse ; the Director-General and Council being 
 responsible, at tbe expense of the refusing parties, for the just and lawful expenses, subject to the 
 decision of two impartial men. Thus done at Fort Amsterdam in New-NetherUnd date as above, 
 (sio-ned) P. Stuyvesant, Lamontagne, C. van Tienuoven. 
 
 Letter to Capt. Post, ordering him to inquire what the Indians propose to 
 do with their prisoners. 
 Captain Post. Whereas tbe savages often imimse upon us by displaying the Hag and lure us 
 over the river for trivial matters, whieli makes our people tired to cross and re-cross, without get- 
 
46 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 ting an answer from them in regard to our prisoners, therefore your Worship or somebody else, 
 who knows the Indian language, must ask the Sachem Pennelceck, Oratany and others, what they 
 really mean and intend and whether they will return the prisoners or not and when and that they 
 must not cause any further delay or lie to us. Done at Amsterdam in New-Netherland date 
 as above (16'" Oct. 1655). 
 Copy. 
 
 Okdinance foebidding all pebsons going across the eiveb oe communicatinq 
 wn'H TUE Indians, without a pass, passed Octbe IS, 1655. 
 
 (See Laws of New-Netherland, p. 200.) 
 
 Minute of the ketuen of 1-1 prisoners (men, women and children) bt Pen- 
 nekeck, chief of achklnkeshakt. 
 
 Monday, the IS"- of October 1655. 
 
 Whereas the chief of the Indians of AcJikinTceshahrj* by name Pennekeck has sent yesterday 
 the IT"' October, with Captain Post, one of the prisoners, •fourteen Dutch people, men, women 
 and children, to the Hon''"' Director-General as a token of his good heart and intention and said 
 chief requested, that the Hon"'" Director-General would show his kindlieartedness by sending 
 some powder and lead. 
 
 The Director-General and Council finding the request of Penneckekoi importance and having 
 considered the present situation of affairs, have resolved and concluded, to send him, as a reward 
 and token of affection two Indians, taken prisoners by our people, although not of his nation and 
 to give him some powder and lead, hoping by these means to get the other Christians in a friendly 
 manner and at the same time to inform him, that when all the Christian prisoners have been re- 
 turned to us, he shall be rewarded courteously. Thus done in Council of the Hon*"* Director- 
 General and Council, date as above (signed) P. Stotvesant, Lamontagne, Coe. van Tienhoven. 
 
 Insteuctions to Capt" Adrian Post to obtain the release of the prisoners, 
 
 STILL in the hands OF THE InDIANS. 
 
 18"^ October 1655. 
 
 Instructions giving to Captain Adriaen Post by the Hon''"' Director-General and Council of 
 New-Netherland. 
 
 Whereas the said Captain Adriaen Post brought us yesterday 13 or 14 of our Christian 
 prisoners, who had been surrendered to him by the Sachem Pennekeck, with the message that he 
 thus showed to the Director-General his kind heart and affection and expected in return by the 
 Director-General's favor and friendship some powder and lead, therefore the aforesaid Captain 
 Post is authorized iind directed, to cross over again and answer the said Sachem in our name, as 
 follows : 
 
 ♦ Hackensack, N. J. 
 
JSfeto Yoflc Historical Records. 47 
 
 That we thank Pennekech and the other Sachems, who are with him, for their kindhearted- 
 ncss and afEection, which they have shown in returning the prisoners, whom they liad, and that 
 we, in proof of our friendship and good intentions scud and give to them, in order to return them 
 again, each to his people, two cajitured Indians, wlinm, :iltlioiii;li they are not of his nation, one 
 being a irrt^?j:-»iw</ and the other from Esojms or W<ii rime icdKjh, Pcnnel'cclc mnst nevertheless 
 accept as a token of our good heart and affection, and that he must do his best, that we may again 
 get the captured Dutch or Swaneckes* who are in his or other Sachems' possession. 
 
 He shall further tell Pennekeck, that it is not customary with us to pay nor to accept pay- 
 ment for prisoners, but to return them in friendship, as we do with these two prisoners, and that we 
 likewise expect from him, that he will give something to the poor prisoners, who have suffered 
 much from cold and inconvenience and much damage, as we have done to their prisoners, so that 
 they bear ns no more ill-will, and therefore we would not send any powder and lead for the prison- 
 ei"S, which Pennekeck sent ns yesterday, except a little for the chief Pennekeck and the other 
 chiefs in proof of our good will and that only, that they might exert themselves with the other 
 Sachems, to get the other prisoners and that he would tell, where our other jjrisoners are and when 
 they will return. 
 
 Also that, when we shall liave got our other prisoners, we arc willing to give as token of our 
 affection, some powder and lead to the Sachems and shall expect them in return to show their friend- 
 ship and good will by presents, when our prisoners are surrendered. 
 
 "Whereas many false stories are carried back and forward by Dutchmen, who cross over with- 
 out being sent by us, he shall tell Pemiekeck and the other chiefs, that we have forbidden any one 
 of the Dutch people to cross over as long as the negotiations last, except Captain Post or those, 
 
 who bring with them this token '-rv^'' ™<ide by the Director-Gcnond's hand and that he shall 
 not believe others. 
 
 Fourthly, he shall say to Pennekeck^ that we also liave forbidden, that, in ease messengers 
 come over from him, no people shall be on the river bank, except such as we have sent and that 
 if he send messengers, he must not send bad men or ragamuffins, but a Sachem or chief, whom the 
 Director-General may believe and that he shall have liberty to come and return. Done at Fort 
 Amsterdam in New-Netherland, date as above. 
 
 Letter of iNHABiTAirrs of Gravesend, L. I. praying for protection against the Indians. 
 
 20'" October 1655. 
 Copy. 
 
 Honorable General. 
 "We are at present surrounded here by Indians, of whom some have been permitted by the 
 English to come in. They say, the English never give them anything to drink, they will have 
 nothing to do with them ; it may well be, that our turn will come soon, at the latest to-night. 
 We ask for speedy assistance, for the English allow the savages to go in and out ; the blow will 
 undoubtedly fall on our heads. "We are confident, that since they are without restraint, no assist- 
 ance will be given to us, so that we all, with wives and children", are very anxious and request 
 
 * " Schwonnack," Indian word signifying ''people of the salt water" because the Dutch had coiue over the 
 sea.^Ed. 
 
48 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 therefore respectfully, young as well as old people, to send us speedy lielp, (lower stood) In the 
 name of all (signed) Jacob Swart, Jan Tomassen, the mark + of Antony Jansen, Laueis 
 Jansen, the mark P.E. of Pieter Ebel, J. van Curler. 
 
 The Hon*"'® Director-General and Council having seen and considered the aforesaid request, 
 resolved to succor the inhabitants of Gravesend as far as possible with twenty men and to direct 
 them to secure the safest place. Date as above, New^msterdam (signed) P. Stuyvesant, La- 
 
 MONTAGNE, CoKNELIS VAN TiENHOVEN. 
 
 Message of the Indians sent with some prisoners and answer thereto. 
 
 2P' October 1655. 
 
 Some powder and lead for 28 of our prit^oners having been brought over to the Indians by 
 Adriaen Post and Claes Jansen Euyter, accompanied by Pieter Wolphertsen, pursuant to the reso- 
 lution of the 19"" October, they return this day and bring the said 28 prisoners according to the 
 l)romise made by the Indians ; and report, that the Sachem Pennehech had directed them to tell 
 the Hon''"' Director-General, that Claes Jansen de Ruyter must return again to-day and bring with 
 him a quantity of goods, as powder, lead, duflt'els, guns, wampum etc'' to ransom the prisoners, who 
 were still among them, 20 to 2-i persons, else he would go with them into the interior. It was 
 resolved, to send the aforesaid persons over again and to ask how much they would take for the 
 whole batch of prisoners or for each single one. Date as above. 
 
 Answer of tue Indians to the foregoing. 
 
 20'" October 1G55. 
 
 To-day, the 20"" of October, Captain Adriaen Post and Claes Jansen de Ruyter came over 
 from Paulus Hook and reported, that they had had a conference there with the chief of Achkin- 
 keshaky and his people and other savages of Mochgeychkonk. They declared on their word of 
 honor to the Council and related, that the said chief Pennekeck had, in the name of the otlier 
 savages, directed them to tell and request the Hon""' Director-General, that, if his Honor would 
 be pleased to send him and his people 75 pounds of powder and 40 bars of lead in three kegs, either 
 as ransom or as present, they would immediately surrender the 28 prisoners. 
 
 The Hon''''' Director-General and Council and the Burgomasters of this City having heard the 
 report of the aforesaid persons and having further seriously considered the inconvenience of the 
 captured Christians, whose imprisonment rather ties our hands, they have with common advice 
 and consent resolved (however unwilling), for the sake of the prisoners' preservation and in the 
 hope to recover them and the balance of the prisoners, to give to the savages the demanded lead 
 and powder as ransom for the captives, as no other means can at present be discovered to recover 
 them, and the more so, as they are scattered here and there among the Indians in the distant in- 
 terior and to prove to thein our sincere good-will, it is resolved to send them as a present 25 pounds 
 of powder and 10 staves of lead over and above the ransom. Date as above : present were the 
 Noble Director-General, the Hon"'" Lamontagne and the Hon'''" Fiscal Tienhoven. 
 
2\\h) Yorh Ilis/orical Mecurds. 49 
 
 Kemoxstraxce of thk Dieector-Cteneral and Council of New-Ketiierl^vnd to 
 THE States-General, exposing the bad conduct of the barbarous Indians 
 
 TOWARDS THE DdTCH. 31 OcT 1C55. 
 
 To their Noble High-Mightinesses, the Honorable States-General of the United Netherlands. 
 
 We remonstrate with due reverence and profound humility, also as far as we know in all 
 sincerity and truth, in the name of and for all your Noble High-Mightinesses' subjects, who through 
 God's providence, under authority and protection of your Noble High : Might : and with the 
 knowledge and consent of the Hon"'* Lords-Directors have transported themselves hither and set- 
 tled in this Province of New-Netlierland, a country not much differing from our Fatherland in 
 i-egard to climate and fertility, in which your Noble High-Might^ : subjects can easily gain their 
 livelihood. They have done so for a time and would be able to do so in future, with the evident 
 jirospect of producing a great many and different good fruits and merchandises, in case your Noble 
 High Might^ subjects could be and remain somewhat safe against the molestations, annoyances and 
 murders committed by the barbarous natives, from whom we have, from time to tune, suffered 
 much insult by the killing of our cattle and the murdering of persons, with the particulars of 
 which, referring to past times, we will not trouble your Noble High : Might :, in order not to 
 make the report too long and to interrupt your Noble High : Might' : constant attention to more 
 important and grave matters. "VVe shall only state briefly, that after a war had been waged during 
 one or two years by various barbarous Indian tribes against the Netherlandish nation, subjects of 
 your Noble Higli : Might :, the lawfulness or unlawfulness of which we will not discuss to any 
 one's discredit, in the year 1645 h. firm and inviolable peace was finally made with tlie afore- 
 said natives on the conditions here annexed. Since that time the aforesaid Indian tribes have, 
 without cause having been given, as flir as we know, not only killed and destroyed many animals, 
 as cows, horses and hogs, belonging to your Noble High Might' : subjects, but have also horribly 
 murdered ten persons, first Simon Walingen^ in the second year after the peace was made, in 
 1651 the wife of Jan Pieiersen on Long-Island, in 1652 four persons on this island of Manhat- 
 tan, a year later again three persons on Staten-Idand and last year Jochem PietersenKuyter in 
 his own house, whereupon the Chief Magistrate of this province demanded the murderers, but 
 they were always refused, at least they never appeared. These infractions of the treaty made by 
 them have always been passed over by the said Magistrate for the sake of peace and for the best 
 of the country and the people and without show of hostility or revenge. It has further happened, 
 that on the 15''' of September last past, (while the Director-General had proceeded, pursuant to 
 orders and directions of the Lords-Directors, Patroons of this country, with the few soldiers of this 
 Province, to the South river, to resent the injuries and affronts inflicted by the Swedes and to re- 
 duce that river again to the jurisdiction of this Province, for the success of which expedition, 
 blessed be God, we are truly thankful), fourteen days after the General's departure at a very early 
 hour of the morning 64 canoes full of savages arrived in the neighborhood of this City of Ifew- 
 Amsterdam, who, almost before any one had risen from bed, spread over this City and during the 
 day offered and committed in many houses and to many citizens insults, which to particularize 
 would lengthen this humble petition too much. Their Sachems or chiefs \\ere then summoned 
 before the Council and gave good words and promises to depart before evening, but they remained, 
 the Lord only knows with what intentions : in the meantime the good citizens, already uneasy on 
 account of the insults suffered during the day, became very circumspect and, afraid of further mis- 
 
 * Van (Icr Bilt, cumc to Rensselaerswyck in 1G36. 
 
50 Colonial !::iMlt7nenis ow the Hudson River. 
 
 chief, strengthened their guards by order of the remaining members of the Council and other 
 officers during the following night. However, about eight o'clock one Paulus Leendertsen- was 
 threatened, according to Ids declaration, Avith aliatchet and tlie former Fiscal van Dyck was wounded 
 by an arrow within this City, wliereupon a great outcry and noise was made and some of tlie citi- 
 zens began to shoot at the savages and a few were killed on either side. Shortly afterwards and 
 during the whole ni^lit rc)llu\\ing a fearful fire and massacre was committed by the aforesaid 
 savages, so that in three days' tiuio about 50 Christians were killed and murdered, more tlian one 
 hundred, mostly women and children, captured, of whom we afterwards ransomed 60 to 70 with 
 great expense, the rest being still in their hands, 28 bouweries and some plantations and abont 
 twelve to fifteen thousand schepels of grain burned, 500 to 600 heads of cattle either killed or 
 taken by the barbarians ; anyway. Noble Lords, your Noble Iligli Might' : subjects and humble 
 petitioners have suffered through these barbarous Indians a damage of more than two hundred 
 thousand guilders and more than 200 persons, besides those, who were killed or are still in 
 captivity, have lost their possessions and having nothing left to procure food and clothing for 
 themselves and their families must be a charge upon this City alone. Finally, the country 
 in general has gone backward so miich, that it will not be in the same flourishing state for 
 several years, that it was in six weeks ago. To tliis the fear must be added, which most of the 
 inhabitants entertain (and not without reason) to be again surprised so unexpectedly, in case no 
 steps are taken to prevent so general a massacre and so great a loss. It makes them and many 
 others circumspect and timid to go again into the open country. It is besides impossible, unless 
 they receive assistance from others, hence we have only to expect, in consequence of the failure of 
 cidtivation and harvests, poverty, want, famine and a final total ruin of the country. We, your 
 Noble High Might' : subjects and petitioners very humbly and respectfully submit this dismal and 
 doleful state of affairs and ask herewith for help and advice, how we shall act towards these bar- 
 barous tribes in regard to the aforesaid and other murders, aiironts and enormous damages. "We 
 are very much disinclined, to enter without your Noble Worships' knowledge, advice and assist- 
 ance into an open war, which, if, besides God's help, no assistance and succor is sent from our 
 dear Fatherland, it would be, humanly speaking, impossible to carry on and bring to a de- 
 sirable result. We have considered all this thoroughly, also the present critical situation of the 
 Lords-Directors of the Priv. West-India Company, wlio are unable to send us such a relief and so 
 soon, according to your Noble High : Might' : advice, as the present general distress and circum- 
 stances of the country may require, and we find ourselves compelled to have recourse to your 
 Noble High : Might : with the knowledge and approbation of the Lords-Directors the Patroons 
 of this Province and to ask, besides the good advice of our Lords-Patroons, with great respect for 
 the wise counsel and effectual assistance of your Noble High : Might : ; with this assistance, we 
 hope to subdue under God's guidance the barbarous tribes and to inhabit the country in peace. 
 We, your Noble High : Might : petitioners have communicated the details to the Lords-Directors 
 and omitted them liere for brevity's sake, in order not to trouble your Noble High: Might:, 
 busy with more important affairs. Awaiting your Noble Lordships' wise counsel and assistance 
 with humility and patience your Noble Lordships' petitioners and subjects shall pray the Almighty 
 God for your Noble Lordships' lasting success and prosperity, etc. 
 
 ♦Van die Grift. 
 
Ktw York Ilido rival liecorJs. 51 
 
 Simple and true narrative of the bad treatment, which the Dutch nation received from the 
 barbarous natives during our times, presented in form of a petition to tlie Honorable, Prudent 
 and Very Woi-shipful, the Lords-Burgomasters and Council of the City of Amsterdam. 
 (This address is the same as the foregoing, mutatis mutandis.) 
 
 Simple and truthful report of the bad treatment, which the Dutch nation received from the 
 barbarous natives during our times, presented in sliape of a petition to the Noble Honorable, 
 Prudent and Very Worshipful the Lurds-Directors of the AVest-India Conij)any, Department of 
 Amsterdam. 
 
 (This address, too, is the same as the two foregoing, mutatis mutandis, except the latter part, which reads as 
 follows) : 
 
 We have considered all this thoroughly, also the present situation of your hon"" Worships, 
 which is too precarious to send us such a relief, as the present general distress and circumstances 
 of the country require and have concluded (in order to avoid exceptions being taken on account 
 of neglecting to report to the higher authorities) to send first and above all this humble petition 
 to your hon'''* Worships and besides, but with your Honors knowledge and approbation, to their 
 noble High: Might: and the worshipful ]\Lii;ist rates of the City of Amsterdam or else your 
 Honors must instruct there our deputy, Corn' /i.^ ./,/r,,/,.-;, n Stecmvi/cJc in regard to the succor, with 
 wliich, under God's guidance and help, we hope tu subdue the aforesaid barbarous nations and to 
 possess afterwards the country in peace and without fear from them. We require (with due sub- 
 mission to your Honors' M'ise judgment) 3000 to 4000 good soldiers, one-half with matchlocks 
 {vuerroers), the other half with flint-locks {snaphaen-roers) of 3^ feet length and (a calibre of) IG 
 balls to the poimd and not more, who after having helped us to attain our ends, are willing to settle 
 in the country and increase the population ; besides these a supply, to the value of 30 to 40000 guild- 
 ers, of needed commodities for clothing and feeding the military : abso some very much needed am- 
 mtmition according to the annexed list. Very worshipful Gentlemen and Patrons, we, your Honors 
 subjects and petitioners, pray humbly, that this our respectful remonstrance and petition may be 
 taken into serious consideration by your Honors and favorably recommended to others, so that we 
 may speedily get good advice and help from your Honors or somebody else, before more misfortune 
 can befal your Honor's subjects either here or at the now conquered South river. Your Honors 
 will thereby bring us and all otlier subjects of your Honors under obligation continually to pray 
 for your Honors' success and prosperity and to remain 
 
 Honorable, Prudent, Very Worshipful 
 Gentlemen, Your Honors' 
 humble subjects. 
 
 PEOPOsmoNS sirBMiTPED BY THE Dikector-General, Petrus Stuyvesant, to tue 
 
 HONORABLE CoUNCIL AT THE MEETING fiN THE 10"' NoVBK. 1C55. 
 
 The differences of opinion, which we now and then encounter to our great alarm, in regard 
 to the distressing situation of tlie country, to which it has been reduced by the last unfortunate 
 rencontres between our nation and the Indians, each discoursing about it according to his opinion, 
 if not passion, the one for peace, the other for war, have compelled me to make to your Honors 
 the following propositions in writing, as it is impossible to serve these so antagonistic masters or 
 to please both parties, differing so much, and to request your wise opinions also in writing thereon. 
 
52 Colonial Settlements on the Ihuhon River. 
 
 First : Whether it is lawful and we can justify going to war with the natives, because of the 
 last occurrences between our nation and the Indians. 
 
 Second : Whether, if the war is justifiable, it is timely just now ; if not when. 
 
 Third : "Whether, supposed, that the war is thought to be justifiable and timely, it can be 
 brought to a desirable end with the forces, which we now have, without endangering considerably 
 the country in general. 
 
 We earnestly retjuest the honorable members of the Council for their written opinion on the 
 foregoing proposition, given either collectively or each for himself; the latter would be prefer- 
 able, to avoid one-sidedness. We on our side shall not fail to lay our opinion on the table beside 
 those of your Honors, so that our Lords-Superiors in the Fatherland may so much the better be 
 informed in regard to the state of affau-s here and we arrive at a salutary resolution. 
 
 The fourth point has been omitted in its regular order, to wit : What is to be done regarding 
 the Indians, if a war is deferred for some time and until further orders from the Fatherland, either 
 because of its uidawfulness or its untimeliness or our impotence, 
 
 first in regard to the losses sustained, 
 
 second about the captives, still in the hands of tlie Wiequashcck and Ilujhland Indians. 
 
 After this was read as above to the Council a copj' of it was handed to each member. Date 
 as above, in New-Netlierland (signed) 
 
 P. Stuyvesant. 
 
 Opinions of the Dieegtob-Geneeal aj^d mejebkes of the Council on tue foee- 
 
 GOING. 
 
 Advice of the Noble Director-General on tlie foregoing propositions. 
 
 We agree on the first point witli the general opinion, that the Indians, upon their first arrival 
 here, had no other intentions, tliau to figlit tlie Indians on the East end of Long-Idand, inferable 
 from various indications, too long and too manifold to follow up here, and that careless watching 
 and all too hasty inconsiderateness of some hotheaded individuals diverted the Indians and gave 
 them a cause for the distressing subsequent actions and excessive damages. Nevertheless, consid- 
 ering the sauciness of the Indians, which is unbearable and the ransom which we have had to give 
 for our captured countrymen and which made them undoubtedly very eager, to act the same 
 tragedy over again at a future time, it is in my opinion very necessary, that their sauciness should 
 be somewhat repressed and curbed, not directly however by declaring and beginning an open war, 
 but by some strict orders, the disobedience to which would make the jumishment more lawful and 
 justifiable. What orders it is necessary to consider, will follow under the last head. 
 
 The second point is partly answered with the first and I think (under correction), that, althougli 
 the war may be lawful and justifiable, which" I will not absolutely contradict, the present is not 
 the time for it ; many reasons might be adduced hcrefor, which we will pass over at present for 
 tlie sake of briefness and not to cause any more unj)lcasant feelings and dissensions. But I have 
 to observe in a few words tliat the proposition made by one or the other, to capture some Indians 
 in order to exchange them for our captive Christians, is in our opinion too dangerous for the present 
 and impracticable besides. I say too dangerous, because new occasion miglit tliercby be given to 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 58 
 
 the savage tribes either to iminler tiic captives or to carry them ofT further iuhirid, witliout kaving 
 ns hope to ransom them and I val\ic the blood of one captured Cliristiaii more tliaii luo Indians. 
 It is impracticable, because the remainder of the captives are not with one nation or tribe of In- 
 dians, but are scattered here and there, and of the nations or tribes, with whom tlie prisoners are, 
 bat few come here or none at all ; on the other side, it appears to me as dishonest and impractica- 
 l)]e to seize and keep as prisoners Indians of one tribe, to exchange them for prisoners in the hands 
 of another tribe. We have also been sufficiently taught by the experience of the last war, that our 
 side having many and various Indian prisoners never could ransom one Ciiristian for them, not 
 even while negotiating for and concluding the last made treaty of peace, but that we liave had to 
 i-ansom our prisoners separately. I refer for proof to the declarations of the old inhal)itants, who 
 have been here before my time. 
 
 As to the third point, whether, in ease the war is considered both lawful and timely, we are 
 powerful enough, humanly speaking, in our present state of affairs, to carry it on and bring it to a 
 desirable end, the opinions will not agree without impleasant feelings and hence I shall, for the 
 sake of harmony, refer to tiie conclusive remonstrance, sent by the last ships to the higher and 
 lower authorities of our Fatherland, by which we asked besides assistance and succor their advice 
 and wise counsel regarding the lawfulness of a war with the Indians and for this reason we are at 
 present unipialified to begin an aggressive war, unless Ave desire to subject us to the reproach of 
 inconsideratencss, in asking for both advice and assistance and then, before they are received, fol- 
 lowing without reflection our own caprices ; therefore, even thougli no other reasons could be 
 adduced, I cannot advise an aggressive war for some time. 
 
 As to the fourth point, omitted in the regular order and therefore the last of the propositions : 
 What is to be done with the Indians at present as well in regard to the damages sustained as to 
 the prisoners, my advice is this. 
 
 First, to begin at the fountain-head, there is no doubt, that common sins are the causes of 
 common punishments: it is therefore our duty and besides necessary, that conunon, private and 
 public, sins, as drunkenness, profanation of the Lord's Name and Sabbath, swearing in public and 
 in private, done even by children on the streets, meetings of sectarians and other irregularities be 
 forbidden by the renewal of good orders and placats, to be promptly executed and by the issue and 
 strict observance of new orders, to prevent as much as possible such occurrences. 
 
 That from henceforward no separate bouweries or plantations shall be made, but that the 
 out-lying farmers shall be compelled to draw together their deserted houses and henceforth no one 
 be allowed to settle in the open country, except in clusters of at least 10, 12 or 16 families living 
 close together, according to the plan to be resolved upon by the Director-General and Council or 
 their deputies, suitable to the condition of the country and the place and that it shall be ordered, 
 that henceforward nobody is allowed to live on the separate places, which liave been either burned 
 or deserted. 
 
 Thirdly, that on the occasion of forming new villages and hamlets a blockhouse shall be made 
 of logs for a refuge and the safety of the inhabitants. 
 
 Fourtlily, I think it would be of service to erect such blockhouses, on the first ojiportunity 
 offering, in sight of the Indians, one near AchMnkeshaky and another near Wiequaeskeck, where 
 the best and most fertile land is, to dislodge the Indians from there or keep them under better con- 
 trol and in case of war to get at thena quicker and easier. 
 
 Fifthly, to forbid by strict onlers and placats, to be rigidly enforced against those who disobey 
 them, 
 
 That no Indian, coming to any place, village or hut, shall be allowed to remain there over 
 
54 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 night, except in a special place, to be fixed upon for tliat purpose according to the localities of the 
 village. 
 
 That no Indian with any kind of arms shall be allowed to come into any place or hamlet on 
 the penalty of being seized and forfeiting the arms, which he has with him. 
 
 That nobody shall sell to any Indian any strong drink on the penalty of corporal punishment 
 and that, to find the party disobeying this rule the easier, the drunken Indian shall be apprehended 
 and kept in prison, until he shall have told, from whom he has received the liquor 
 
 Sixthly, I am of opinion in regard to the captives, that it is necessary to get them back by the 
 friendliest means, even if it were by giving some contraband articles as presents and when they 
 have been recovered, then to publish and execute the abovementioned orders, but not Ijefore. 
 
 Seventhly, we ought to endeavour with all possible smoothness to balk the Indians in the use 
 of their guns and ammunition ; to accomplish which, it is, as I believe, necessary, to prohibit gen- 
 erally, that anybody should trade and negotiate with the Indians except upon a certain place, to be 
 determined upon, and further to forbid, that any gun or locksmith shall repair any lock or make 
 a new one, except upon the showing of a note with our seal, in which the najne, for M'hom, is 
 stated and that then the gun shall be marked or branded and a record kept of them. 
 
 (Signed) P. Stutvesant. 
 
 27"* Novbr. Answer to the propositions, submitted b}' the Noble Honorable Director-General 
 Petrus Stuyoesant to their Honors, the High Council on the 10"" November 1655, 
 read at the meeting in Fort Amsterdam and delivered. 
 
 It is answered to the first point, that, if the war is considered justifiable, the question is, 
 whether we have forces enough to attack them, leaving behind tlie necessary garrisons. If this is 
 answered in the affirmative, then it must be begun with a warning to and advice of the principal 
 inhabitants of all our villages and colonies in this province or the answer to our general letter, sent 
 to our superiors, must be awaited. 
 
 lie says to the second point, that he has answered the secotid by the first. 
 
 On the third point he says, that if it has to be undertaken soon, without waiting for the afore- 
 said answer, we must first provide for everything and be sure of it ; then we must await the issue. 
 
 He says in regard to the last point, that, if the war with the Indians is brought to a close, 
 first the natives must be forbidden not only this island but also the city and especially the fort and 
 all inhabitants must be interdicted to give them lodgings and, by penalty of the gallows, to sell or 
 give them brandy, but that a trading place should be appointed for them, tlie Indians, outside or in 
 the outskirts of the city, Avhcre it may be considered most suitable: that the soldiers' quarters in 
 our fort Amsterdam must be finished speedily, also the gates provided with locks, and other means 
 of securing it and other requisites, as victuals, ammunition of war for the defense and maintenance 
 in case of misfortunes, which might befall us, must be stored in it : and that our Christian captives 
 must be demanded from the Indians or if refused so many of their nation must be captured, as we 
 shall find necessary to redeem our people. Done at Amsterdam in JVew-JVet/ierland on the day 
 iis above, (signed) Nicasius de Sille. 
 
New Yoi'h Historical liecords. 55 
 
 Opinion on the pi-oposition of the Noble Honorable Director-General, submitted to 
 the Council on the 10"' Novbr. 1655. 
 
 My opinion is, that it is impossible, to judge from the last rencontre between us and the 
 natives, whether a war between us and them is lawful or unlawful, because it is necessary to know 
 tirst, whether they were the cause of it or not. The affair must be judged by their previous 
 actions, for supposed, that they have had no bad intentions in this matter, having nevertheless laid 
 themselves open to suspicion and given occasion for the rencontre, they will always be considered 
 the instigators and aggressors and hence the " causa movens " of the same. First the unseason- 
 able gatliering here of 1900 savages, without our knowledge and consent, of whom nearly 800 were 
 already here, to attack, contrary to their nsual manner, 50 or 60 ; was it not sufficient to create sus- 
 picion of their bad intentions? And did not their insufferable insolence, shown by breaking into 
 Mr. Allertoii's house and beating some of our citizens in their own houses increase that suspicion ? 
 Then, was not their remaining here contrary to their promise and the murder, which they tried to 
 commit after the mounting of the guard on the ^^erson of Captain Paulus Leenderlseii, proof 
 enough, to impute bad intentions to them ? And all the citizens (to whom the guarding of the 
 fort was entrusted) were they not in duty bound, to give assistance to every citizen, who called 
 '•murder" and "help" (because they were not put there only to guard the fort, but to protect 
 from there the whole place), or coming up and finding the same citizen wounded in the breast with 
 an arrow, was it not their duty, to run up to the Indians and examine their bearing and finding 
 them armed and with guns, had they no occasion to resist them 1 But why do we try, to argue 
 so accurately upon the lawfulness of a war between us and the savages from the last rencontre, 
 seeing that they have given a just and sufficient cause, aye, even more than sufiicient cause before the 
 conflict by murdering ten of our people at different times, without having been willing to give 
 us any satisfaction, contrary to the peace made between them and lis; during the same conflict, by 
 murdering so many people, men, women and children, by taking so many prisoners, by burning so 
 many bouweries and plantations and by destroying so many animals contrary to the articles of 
 peace, especially demanded by them, which say that in case by an^' accident any of our people or 
 of theirs should be killed, no war should be begun against each other, but before and until satis- 
 faction and accommodation had been demanded, and the same had been refused, the war against 
 them should not be considered just, especially not against those of Ahasimus, Hachkinkeshalcy, 
 Tappan and others, who were all in this engagement and did the most damage to our people and 
 committed the feai-ful cruelty of murdering seven men and a woman, whom they killed in cold 
 blood (contrary to their promise, confirmed by an oath, never before taken by them, to wit : God, 
 who is above, shall revenge it on us, if we do not keep our promise). But of what advantage are 
 these investigations to us, since we have not the power to carry on the war, were the aimu lawful 
 or even necessary. 
 
 To the second article : as we liave no power to carry on the war, it is not the time for it now ; 
 when we shall have received the means, then the time for it will have come. 
 
 Not having the means, as I believe, to carry on the war, the country in general should not be 
 jilaced in danger by it. 
 
 To the fourth article : as we have no means to make war, the necessary consequence is, that 
 we must keep quiet, until we get them, and do not trust in the meantime the Indians too much ; 
 as to what we shall do with the Indians concerning the sustained losses, I do not know ot 
 
56 Colonial Settlements on ilie lludtson River. 
 
 any adviue, because they cannot be recovered eitlierby war or by peace. As to the captives, ex- 
 perience lias taught us, that they must be ransomed. 
 
 (signed) Lamontagne. 
 
 Opinion on the propositions, submitted by the Noble Honorable Director-General 
 Petrus Stuyvesant at the meeting of the 10"' Novbr 1C55 and read to tlie Council. 
 
 To the first point : After a general peace had been concluded with the natives in August 
 ICiS, the peace and the articles of the treaty have been infringed and broken as follows: 
 
 1. 
 
 First in killing 14 Christians since August 1645 (up to 15"" Septbr 1655) at different places 
 and at various times, for which we have never been able to get justice done, much less satisfaction, 
 notwithstanding we asked for it in accordance with the treat}', but on the contrary they liave fooled 
 us with lies and false reports, as is well known to the Hon"" Director-General, the Council, the 
 inhabitants of this country and our neighbors. 
 
 2_ 
 
 The Indians liave violated and broken the treaty of peace in an outrageous manner in this 
 city on the 15"" of September last, as folltfws : 
 
 1. In that they landed very early on the rivershore within the city-walls from 64 canoes about 
 500 men, all in arms, without having given previous notice of it, and that they, immediately upon 
 their arrival, almost before any citizens were at hand, ran in large crowds of armed men through 
 the streets, breaking forcibly into the house of Mr. AUerton, bursting off the lock of the door, 
 threatening and beating the people ; that they noisily searched the house under the pretext of 
 looking for Northern Indians, as they did in many houses in this city, until upon the complaints 
 of the inhabitants, and to avoid further troubles, they were driven from the High Street to the 
 banks of the North river, where their canoes laid and they had landed in the morning. 
 
 The chiefs or sachems of the savages, belonging to different tribes, were friendly asked by the 
 Council to appear at the Council-chamber in the fort, which they did : there they were asked by 
 the members of the Council then present, in the presence of the Burgomasters, Schepens, citi- 
 zens and military officers for the reasons of tlieir coming thus armed and without liaving given 
 previous notice, also why they and their people attacked and molested the citizens in such a man- 
 ner by breaking locks, bursting in doors, pushing the people and searching houses, which no 
 Netherlander may do without order and authorization from his supyriors : the members of the 
 Council, then present, with the aforesaid officers of the citizens requested, tliat for our and their 
 own greater safety and to prevent mischief and trouble the savages should remove themselves from 
 this island to Noten-Island* before sunset, which they promised and then took their departure. 
 
 Instead of leaving, as they had promised, they were joined in the evening by 200 armed 
 savages more, they shot after guard-mounting Hendrick van DycJc, the former Fiscal, with an 
 arrow into the breast and threatened to kill Paulus Leendertsen, Captain of the train-bands, with 
 an arrow. Upon these and other occurrences the cry was raised " Murder, murder, the savages 
 kill the Dutch" : by this dismal cry the citizens, standing under arms in the fort, to keep 
 good watch, were thrown rather into confusion and hastened without any order tlirough the 
 gates and over the walls, so that they came in conflict with tlie savages, who were prepared, on the 
 
 * Now Governor's Island. 
 
I^eio York Historical Mecords. 57 
 
 strand. Two Dutchmen were killed and three wounded, three savages remained dead on the 
 strand, where they were found (afterwards). After this rencontre had taken place the savages 
 went over the river and elsewhere and burned during the night many houses, murdered and cap- 
 tured Christians, killed cattle and a few days later cleared State n-Idand of people and houses, 
 wliich too is contrary to the articles of peace, made in the year 1645, whereby it was expressly 
 stipulated, that if reciprocally on one or the other side one or more persons had been killed or 
 murdered, no general war should therefore immediately be begun, but that the injured party should 
 make its complaints to the chiefs or magistrates of those, who had committed the deed, so that then 
 justice might be meted out to the malefactors, according to circumstances. 
 
 This point has been sacredly upheld by the Netherlanders, although 14 Christians had been 
 murdered before the 15"" of September and notwithstanding that the contract had been violated 
 and broken in all these cases by the Indians, in killing people and cattle and stealing goods, while 
 we were never able to get justice done. 
 
 Having considered all this conscientiously the Fiscal is of opinion, that it is and must be neces- 
 sary, just and righteous to make war on the Indians for the breaking of the treaty and their fearful 
 deeds. 
 
 To the ^\ 
 
 It would be just and necessary (subject to correction), to punish the savages with God's bless- 
 ing by force of arms and subdue them, because we have instances in our neighbors, living to the 
 east and south from us, that they could not remain safe, before and until the Indian tribes were not 
 reduced and brought to submission. 
 
 Now as to the time, the season to inflict punishment on these barbarians would be in the months 
 of December, January, February and March, but to take this step would, in my judgment, not be 
 advisable, until we have received special authority thereto from our superiors and in the meantune 
 we must dissemble, though it be unpleasant, and if possible not sjjare some small presents, in order 
 to bring the savages to a truce, without making an absolute compact, and help the captives. 
 
 To the 3*. 
 
 The war against the savages, just according to the law^ of nations and not the less necessary 
 for the safety of New-Netherland must be deferred, that in the meantime the villages may be 
 prepared and placed on a defensive footing, also that we may wait for the answer from Holland 
 to the letters and petitions sent there, together with the demanded succor, necessary for it. With- 
 out the latter I do not think, that the just war could, humanly speaking, be brought to a de- 
 sirable end. 
 
 To the 7'". 
 My advice on this last article is given under the 3'^, to which I refer. On the 14"' of Novem- 
 ber, at Fort Amsterdam in Neio-Netherland, a" 1655 (signed) Coenelis van Tienhoven. De- 
 livered the 29'" Novbr 1655. 
 
58 Culuiiial i^Settlements mi tlie Hudso7i liiver. 
 
 Proposition made bt the Indians of Long-Island, kequesting a continuance 
 
 OF TUE PEACE WriH THEIK TRIBE. 
 
 27"" November 1655. 
 
 To-day appeared before the Noble Hon"'" Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant and the Lieu- 
 tenant of the train-bands, Pete/' Wolphertsen, understanding the Indian language, seven Indians 
 from Zon^-Island, among whom one Adam, who spoke very good English and six others with 
 hira, who made the following statement both in English and in Indian : 
 
 1. That they have been sent by the chief of Marsepain, called Tachpausaan, alias Meautin- 
 nemin, to offer us his friendship and to say that formerly, during the times of the Hon""" Kkft, a 
 war had been waged between their nation and ours and that there were people killed on either 
 side, on theirs and on ours, but that this must be mutually forgiven and forgotten. 
 
 2. They f m-ther declare, that in the former differences between their Sachem and our nation 
 and between them and the Indians of the Narricanses, the present Sachem's father, called the 
 " One-eyed ", when beaten by our nation in the abovementioned war, had directed and ordered 
 his son, now called Tachpausaan to make peace with the Dutch and the Indians from Narrican- 
 ses and to keep it and that he should forget for the future what had happened and that he must 
 not for this reason shed any more blood in future. The present Sachem has obeyed this, his 
 father's, order and has done no damage to the Dutch people since the last war, not even to the 
 value of a dog and he is still of intention thus to continue. 
 
 He declares also, that his chief has been on bad terms and at war since almost 12 years with 
 the savages, who have since and again now done so much injury to our nation and although this 
 nation considers the chief only little and not bigger than a fist, he nevertheless feels sure, that he 
 will be strong enough for them, but that until now he has been sitting as with a hanging head, he 
 hopes however, we shall soon see now, what he shall do against these savages and he further says, 
 that his Sachem did not yet declare, he would assist us against the savages, who did us the last 
 damage, but that we should see it directly and that his chief does not nor will say or promise any 
 thing else, but that he will show and prove it directly. 
 
 He further presents a small box with wampum, which, he says, have been sent by his Sachem 
 Tachpausaan and the chiefs on the east end of Long-Island with the request to accept it as a 
 token of their friendship and to assure us, that wheuever we needed their Sachem or his people, 
 we had to summon them only, they would be ready at all times. 
 
 He further states, tliat the Indians of the North, that is those living back of Onckeway and 
 Stamford towards the Fresh river, had been in company of these Indians, when they made the 
 last onslaught on us, but that none of the Long-Island Indians had been with them. Date as 
 above. 
 
 Questions submitted by the Director-General to the Council on 
 EXCLUDING Indians from the settlements and answers. 
 
 Tlie 6"" point was agreed 6. Whether it is not advisable and necessary, to 
 
 to as necessary, but it order by placat, that no Indian shall he allowed to 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 
 
 59 
 
 was resolved to delay its 
 being carried out. 
 
 It is judged, to dispose 
 of this seventh point by 
 a placat. 
 
 It was resolved on the 8"" point, to 
 direct the magistrates of each village, 
 to make inquiries in private, what arms 
 the people in their jurisdiction had 
 and to report thereon to the high 
 Council. 
 
 come to any bouwery or plantation, except 3 or 4 Sa- 
 chems (?) without arms and that nobody shall give 
 them lodgings for the night nor carry on any trade, 
 neither directly nor indirectly, with them except upon 
 certain specified places. 
 
 7. Wliether it is not advisable, that no guns should 
 be either directly or indirectly mended or repaired in 
 the open country nor within this city, unless upon, 
 showing a written consent, which stated the name of 
 the owner. 
 
 S. Whether it is nt)t necessary, to make a general 
 monthly muster of all men, able to bear arms, in 
 each village or hamlet, to find out how they are 
 armed and to take a list of them, in order to prevent 
 the selling or destroying of the arms. 
 
 Done at Fort AmsterJnm in New-Netherland. 
 Date as above (IS"" Jan^- 1656). 
 
 Paper bead by Director Stutvesant to the Council, containing informaiion 
 
 ON THE causes OF THE LATE DirFICULTIES WITH THE InDL\JM8. 
 
 26"' January. 
 
 To-day the following letter was 
 read by the Noble Hon'"'"' Di- 
 rector-General to the Council at 
 the meeting in Fort Amsterdam. 
 
 I informed your honors partly by word of mouth, th.at on the 22'' inst. I had a visit from a 
 Mr. Weyls, formerly a resident of Stamford, now schoolmaster at OncJceicay, who among other 
 reports of news from Europe told me in presence of I)° Dridus and 'Willem Ilarcke, that he had 
 had in his house lately an Indian from Wiequaeslceck, who was a good friend of Yander Donck 
 and had tended his cows for a time ; he thought, his name was Joseph and he spoke pretty good 
 Emjlish, anyway so much that he could understand him. He had talked with this Indian about 
 the late troubles between his and our nations and these were the details : 
 
 First, why they had killed and captured so many Dutchmen ? 
 
 Second, why they do not return the captured Dutchmen and whether they are not afraid, that 
 the Dutch will again attack them ? 
 
 Third, what they and their neighbors intended to do with the captives ? 
 
 He answered to the first, that they had not been the fii'st cause or that they did not begin 
 and that they were afraid, the Dutch would not foi-get it, and they comprehend, why the Dutch 
 kept so quiet. 
 
 As to the captives, they were a burden to them, for they had to feed them, but they retained 
 them, as they knew well and expected, that, as long as the prisoners were with them, the Dutch 
 would not trouble them and they were resolved, to have the prisoners ransomed in the spring or 
 
60 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 to offer them to the Dutch. To the question, whether they would then make peace with the 
 Dutch, the Indian answered the Dutch would not keep the peace and that therefore they did not 
 intend to ask for peace cior to make it. Asked, what they would do against the Dutch, who were 
 so strong and it being impossible to kill all or drive them out of their strong positions, he said, 
 they knew that well, therefore they would not visit them in their castles nor make war upon 
 them, but they would hide in small parties in the underwood, to surprise any one, who came out, 
 hinder them in planting and kill their cattle, when it came into the woods, until they finally 
 would have no more food and so forth ; the aforesaid Wyles thought it his duty as neighbor, to 
 inform us hereof. 
 
 He stated in regard to the massacre and unlucky engagement, that the matter had been 
 received by the Commissioners and other principal persons of New-England with great and heart- 
 felt [regret] and that it was their opinion, they were, considering their neighborhood, close union 
 and the congruity of the divine service of the two nations in duty bound, to assist us against the 
 barbarous tribes, if they were requested and many were astonished, that we thus passed over the 
 affair, disregarding the Christian nations. 
 
 He said also, he had heard to his regret, that many here believed, the people of New-England 
 had had something to do with it, with the intention to get under that pretext possession of Long- 
 Island or the new plantation at Westchester : he affirmed with great confidence, that to favor such 
 belief was unneighborly and unehristianlike, that they were so far from it, that they did not want 
 more of Long-Island, than what was agreed to in the treaty made at Hartford and they them- 
 selves did not approve of the action of Mr. Pel in establishing a village upon somebody else's 
 territory. He thought, this was now broken up, because Mr. Pel was drowned or as is supposed 
 shipwrecked with his vessel and property. This is the substance of his statement to me, made in 
 the presence of the aforesaid D° Drisius and William Ilarck, which I have thought necessary to 
 communicate to your Honors and to have inserted, with your knowledge, into the minutes, also to 
 recommend it to your Honors' further consideration, to which I must add, that, as your Honors 
 know, some savages, about 30 in number, have [plundered] the yacht '■'■Endracht''\ stranded on 
 the Samlpolnt, and robbed the sailors under threats, although they did not hurt them, of their 
 property, which has caused me, to prevent further mischief and bloodshed, to take away the sailors 
 and the things, easiest to transport, from the stranded yacht and to abandon the yacht, until better 
 times and opportunity. I stop here and impress it upon your Honors' mind, whether it would not 
 be well, to remove also the small garrison on Staten^Island, which has no more protection, but 
 much less than the sailors on the yacht, before something like, what I spoke of before, if not 
 worse may happen to them and to order Captain Post, to proceed with his cattle and the few 
 soldiers with him to Nayeeck and join the troops of Mr. Werckhave^i, where a suitable refuge of 
 stockades has been made, sufficient to defend it with • soldiers against an attack by the Indians. 
 Date as above. (2G"' January 1056). 
 
 Advice of the Honorable members of the High Council, Nicasitjs de Sille, 
 Lamontagne, and Cornelis van Tienhoven, given to the foregoing. 
 
 The High Council advise on the proposition of the Hon''" General, that, whereas Captain 
 Post is mostly camping out with his soldiers on Staten-Island under the blue sky, during this cold 
 winter, without having provided any stronghold, protection or means of defense for himself, his 
 
Ifeiv York Historical Hecoi'ds. 6 1 
 
 people and the soldiers and considering the conflict and the plunder of the yacht on the Sandpoint, 
 which mishap, yea even worse might befal Post and his people, we believe. Captain Post should 
 be directed to move himself, his people and the soldiers together with his patron's* cattle to Loiuj- 
 Island to Mr. ^Verckliovenh place, where they have means of defense, stables for the animals and 
 lodgings for the men, maintaining however his master's right to Staten- Island and if Ca])taiu Post 
 will not follow this direction, for the prevention- of murder or other misfortune, the Director-Gen- 
 eral and Council shall withdraw the soldiers and shall not be responsible in case of mishap for 
 anything, that may happen on Staten^ Island. Done at Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherland^ on 
 the day as above (26"" January 1656) (Signed) Nicasius de Sille, Lamontagne, Coknelis van 
 
 TlENIIOVEN. 
 
 PETrrioN OF Michael Jansen foe a lot ix the cmr, all his property havixg 
 
 LATELY been DESTROYED BY THE InDLINS ; GR^iNTED. 
 
 To the Noble, "Worshipful Director-General Petrus 
 Stuyvcsant and the Eight Honorable Council of 
 New-Netherland. 
 
 Shows with great hmnility and due respect Michiel Jansen, farmer and former resident here, 
 that during the last unexpected disastrous conflict with the Indian natives of this country he was 
 bereft not only of what he had earned here with God's blessing during a period of 17 years, but 
 also of all, what he, the petitioner, had brought to this coimtry and what had been sent to him. 
 All of which has been cruelly burned or taken away by the aforesaid Indians, so that he, the peti- 
 tioner, has now no means in this world, to live on with his wife and six children, but as he desires 
 to gain a living, like the other inhabitants of this place, by doing something or another, wherefor 
 he first needs besides God's blessing your Honorable "Worships' good favor, he, the petitioner, 
 tiierefore addresses himself respectfully to your Honorable "Worships praying that in (lonsideration 
 of the above stated facts your Honorable "Worships will favor him with a lot within the city next 
 to Abraham Clock, 30 to 36 feet wide, whereas the same would be verj' useful to him, the peti- 
 tioner, for what he intends to undertake for the maintenance of his family ; which doing etc shall 
 remain as ever Your Honorable "Worships' obedient subject (signed) Machiel Jansen. 
 
 The foregoing petition was read at the meeting and after having put the question, the follow- 
 ing decision was made. 
 
 The petitioner is granted a small lot within this city, next to Abraham Martensen Clock, 
 measuring in front and rear 26 to 27 feet and as long as the lot of the said Abnn Clock, provided 
 that the petitioner shall fence the aforesaid lot on the side toward the strand in the same manner 
 as the fencing has been begim on the city -gate. Done at the meeting in Port Amsterdam in N. 
 N., date as above. Below stood ; The above order was annulled for some reasons on the IS"" Feb- 
 rnar}' 1656 and another lot granted to him. 
 
 * Barou van der Capelle toe Ryssell. 
 
62 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Oeder dikecting Captain de Coninck to capture the leading Englishmen of 
 Vreedland (Westchester), and his instecctions. 
 6'" March (1656). 
 
 The orders of the Lords-Directors and their letters of the 23" Oct 1654, 26"' April and 26"- 
 May 1655 show and the Director-General and Council liave been reliably informed, that the Eng- 
 lish in the village, by them called WeUchester, situate upon the Vreedland about 2 leagues from 
 this City, not only harbor fugitives and robbers, preying on this Province, but that also, as can be 
 proved by the copy of a certain letter, their chief officer Lieutenant Wheeler has been in commu- 
 nication with the barbarians at or about the time of our last dreadful rencontre with them. 
 
 It has therefore been resolved for the welfare and advantage of the country and for the main- 
 tenance of the right of the Lords-Directors against such usurpers, to take up the said Englishmen, 
 or at least their leaders in the most secret and civil way, to make the rest remove with their mov- 
 able property and to commit the execution hereof to the valiant Captain Frederic de Coninck, 
 Capt. Lieutenant Brian Nuton and with them to the Fiscal Cornells van Tienhoven, who is to 
 serve his protest in this case and have some fugitives and thieves arrested. 
 Done at Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherland, date as above. 
 
 P. Stuyvesant, 
 N. de Sille, La Montagnk, Corn, van Tienhoven. 
 
 7"^ March. Instructions for the Valiant Capt. Frederic de Coninck, Capt. Lieut. 
 
 Brian Nuton and the Fiscal Cornells van Tienhoven commissioned 
 in pursuance of the Resolution of the Hon*"'" Director-General and 
 Council of the C"" of March 1656 to go to Westchester and execute 
 their orders. 
 
 1. 
 
 They are to proceed to-night with the detailed detachment of soldiers to Vreedland and after 
 having taken possession of the houses of the Englishmen, settled there upon the Hon"'^ Company's 
 ground, direct them to remove with all their movable property and cattle. 
 
 2. 
 If the English do not immediately prepare to break up and leave, they are to make them leave 
 willingly or unwillingly and if some of them should offer resistance by shooting or otherwise, they 
 are to meet force by force and proceed against the usurpers as against enemies, in accordance witii 
 the orders from the Lords-Directors. 
 
 3. 
 The houses are to be demolished, with the exception of 3 or 4 for shelter of the goods and 
 soldiers ; the principal fugitives and criminals, who have fled there, are to be sent here as soon 
 as possible. 
 
 4. 
 They may leave if they think fit, some of the less prominent men to watch the goods and 
 command them to remove with all their property and cattle within 3 days, at the risk of being 
 l^roceeded against according to law. 
 
 5. 
 They are to ])revent all thieving, plundering and .similar doings, as much as possible and for- 
 bid it to their soldiers. 
 
New York Historical Records. C3 
 
 6. 
 If they meet savages, which is not expected, they must either act on the defensive or attack 
 them, as tlie situation may require it. 
 
 Done in Council at Fort Amsterdam in iV. N. on the day as above. 
 
 P. Stutvesant, 
 
 N ICASIUS DE SiLLE, La MoNTAGNE. 
 
 Ordee eespecting the Peisonees taken at Westchestee. 
 U'" March (165G) 
 
 Concerning the English prisoners, lately brought down from Vreedland out of the village, 
 by them called TFesfcAesfer and imprisoned on board of the ship '■'■ DeWaa<jV\ it is unanimously 
 agreed and resolved, that all, who have formerly been under this Government and had sworn 
 obedience and who have run away either on account of debts or for other reasons or against whom 
 the Fiscal as public prosecutor believes to have any charge, shall be placed in close confinement by 
 the said Fiscal, who is hereby authorized thereto and who shall proceed against them according to 
 law. As to the others, who have come from New-England or elsewhere, misled by either Mr. 
 Pell or somebody else, and have settled within the agreed boundaries and against whom the Fiscal 
 has no other charge, these are to be detained in civil arrest at the City Hall or elsewhere until 
 further examination and order. The people, who have remained iu the said village, are to be 
 warned, that they must remove. 
 
 Thus done in Council at Fort Amstcrdano in N. N. date as above. 
 
 P. Stuyvesant, 
 
 NiCASIUS DE SiLLE, La MoNTAGNE. 
 
 Exteact feom a letter of the Dieectoes to the Dikector-General and Coun- 
 cil; thet eegeet the damages inflicted by the Indian raid on New-Amster- 
 dam AND give directions FOE THE KELIEF OF THE SUFFERERS. 13''" MaECH ItlSG. 
 
 The only thing which has greatly disturbed and vexed us iu your Honors' last letter, is the 
 sad misfortune, which befell us unexpectedly from the natives ; the considerations, wjiieli arise 
 therefrom, are whether to make some arrangement with them or revenge the bloodshed and 
 inflicted damages in a proper manner ; we can as yet come to no final conclusion about the one or 
 the other. The first would be best adapted to the present condition of the Company, while the 
 other is the safest and most necessary, so that we may not be subject to such unlucky events in future, 
 whenever the desires and rapaciousness of the savages call for it. "We shall communicate the 
 whole matter to the Government of these States and ask them also for the needed succor, of which 
 we shall give further information to your Honors in due time. Meanwhile we would recommend 
 your Honors to bring your affairs provisionally to such a condition, that not only the poor pris- 
 oners may be ransomed in a suitable manner and returned to their families, but also such precau- 
 tions may be taken at every instance, that such disasters are not to be feared in the future. Tour 
 
64 Colonial Settletnents on the Hudson River. 
 
 Honors are on the spot there and better informed of everything, than we, who cannot judge so 
 well of the particular circumstances and consequently cannot give advice from here. Your Hon- 
 ors' proposition, made for the security of the people in the open country, to settle in close neigh- 
 borhood and provide their settlements with some means of defence, sufficient at least against an 
 attack, is not extravagant, we think, and it would seem to be quite advisable, to make a provisional 
 treaty, that the savages must keep away from the places, where our people have settled, but above 
 all you ought to insist upon restitution of the stolen booty and extorted ransom, for else it nuist 
 be feared, that the savages will be induced to take hold of the opportunity at the first pretended 
 unlucky event ; we leave it to your Honors' own consideration, what steps might be taken for this 
 purpose towards an offensive alliance with the English, for which plans have been made before. 
 
 As to the requested subsidy for the suffering and impoverished people, for which your Honors 
 propose the hundredth penny of the real estate tax, which we have since changed to the twentieth 
 penny on the houses and the tenth on the plantations and bouweries, which remained intact, we 
 are satisfied, that the aforesaid revenue may provisionally be used therefor this year and shall like- 
 wise exert ourselves and see, whether something can be obtained for the relief of these poor people 
 besides the succor, which we ask from the City. 
 
 To prevent as much as possible all chances, that the savages may be provided with arms by 
 our people, to their own damage, we have resolved upon your Honors' proposal, that the passen- 
 gers and free men, who may henceforth go to New-Netherland, shall be obliged from now to take 
 with them a matchlock in place of a flintlock, as may be seen by their passports. 
 
 ArrncATioN of tue Fiscal, RECAPmii.ATiNu Peli/s rNTRUsiON at WESTcnESTER 
 
 ETC AND REQUESTING, THAT HE BE ORDERED TO QUIT. 
 
 March 15"', 1C5G. 
 
 To the Noble Hon"'" Director-General and Council of New-Netherland. 
 
 Not only your Honors but everybody else living in this Province know, that many years ago 
 the land called Vreedland has been settled by several persons under patents from your Honors' 
 predecessor and peacefully occupied under this Government until the war of 1643. Now one Mr. 
 Pell, a resident of Onckeway in New-England, has against Christian law and custom dared lately 
 to repurchase these lands from the same natives, from whom years ago they were bought and paid 
 for through your Honors, as the Book of Deeds shows, and to enter upon them in his own name 
 and live there contrary to the settlement of the boundaries agreed upon with the United Colonies 
 of New-England in 10.50 and without your Honors' knowledge or consent. Against this usurpa- 
 tion the Fiscal has protested ex officio in the name and on behalf of his superiors, but notwith- 
 standing this protest duly served. Lieutenant Wheller, who commands there as chief officer, remains 
 there with the rest of his associates and continues to build and plant, receiving and sheltering 
 several fugitives, vagabonds and thieves, who on account of their bad behavior had to fly. There- 
 upon your Honorable Worships, following the instructions and orders of the Lords-Directors and 
 in order to maintain the agreement of Hartford, have resolved, to dislodge the said Wheller and 
 his ])eople by a troop of soldiers. These persons met, according to your Honors' declaration of the 
 l-Jr"" March, the Hon''"= General, there present with the rest of the soldiers, they had drawn up in 
 line under arms and showed themselves unwilling to remove, saying the land belonged to them. 
 
Neio York Jlidoiical Records. 65 
 
 Thereupon the said Englislimeu were dei)rived of their arms and "-IW of them were hroui^lit as 
 prisoners oil hoard of the sliip '^ deWaaylt''^ on tiie same day, wliilc a few with tlji- women and 
 children were left hehind, to take cure of their goods. 
 
 The Fiscal therefore requests, that your Honors will please to send the Courtmesseng-er with 
 one or two of the oldest men to Vreedlandt, who are to warn the remaining Englishmen, that they 
 must remove and take away everything brought there by them, at the risk of being proceeded 
 against according to law, if they do not obey ; also that the aforesaid Lieut. WJieller and his com- 
 panions i^ay, before being released, the expenses incurred by your Honors through their acts and 
 disobedience in coming hither in boats and with armed men and further that they sign an act, 
 promising never again to come and live, build, plant, sow or mow without your Honors' consent 
 and special order upon our Lords' land, situate at Vreedlandt, which they have lately called West- 
 chester, or upon any other land within the boundaries, agreed upon at Hartford, under penalty of 
 suffering corporal jjunishment according to the exigencies of the case, if found to have disobeyed. 
 
 The above written application and motion of the Fiscal, as i)laintill and attorney, against the 
 imprisoned Englishmen, arrested lately at Vreedland, by them calkMl Wtxtchcster, having been read 
 and considered together with the humble remonstrance of thuii- wives here annexed and taking 
 into consideration the dangerous situation and the inclemency of tin? winter, We, the Director- 
 (reueral and Council of New-NetJierlarhd, have resolved for these and other weii;hty reasons, to 
 release the English prisoners, after they have promised under oath and by tlu'ir signatures, to 
 remove from the lands of Vreedland and out of this Province with their property and cattle within 
 six weeks and not to come back in to this jurisdiction, without our sijecial consent. After having 
 Fworn to and subscribed this, the Fiscal is authorized and directed to release these Englishmen, 
 against whom he, as public pi'osecntor, has no other charge than that of usurpation, as soon as 
 they have satisfied him for the expenses incurred, to be estimated by impartial men, and this shall 
 be his sutiicient warrant. As to the fugitives or other criminals, also those wlio refuse to sign the 
 aforesaid promise, they must be apprehended according to the resolution of yesterday and be pro- 
 ceeded against according to law. 
 
 Thus done in Council held at Fort Aiastcrdam in N cw-N etherland date as above. 
 
 P. Stuyvesant. 
 
 NiCASICS DE SiLLE. 
 
 La Montagne. 
 
 Petition of Thomas Wheeler and other setilers of "Wi stchestek, srnMrr- 
 
 TING TO THE GOVERNMENT OF NeW NeTHEKLAND AM) ASKING FOIi CERTAIN 
 PRIVILEGES, WHICH ARE GRANTED. 
 
 Honoured S' with the Eest of your honoured Court, the Couernour and Court to the New 
 Netherlans. 
 
 May you be pleased to take in to your Consideration the humble request of your pore and 
 humbell petisinors that wheras it doth appeare that you make claim to the plase where we ware to 
 bee the writ of the hye and myghtic States of the Netherlands, wee whose names are underwritten 
 are willing to submit ourselves unto the government of the said Netherlands soe Long as we Con- 
 tinow within theyr Jurisdiction provided that wee may injoy our Liberties in chusing our ofisers 
 
66 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 for the adniinistratiou of such Lawes as may bo maid for the good of our tounship, which wee now 
 inhabit as alsoe wee may haue our amies Restored according to your promise, wliich ware taken 
 from us : whereby wee may be abell to attend ourselves from such as may uniustlie a salt us and 
 to make such Lawes and orders as may be for the particular good and welfare of the said place 
 not being Eepugnant to the Generale Lawes and to distribute our Landes unto the inhabitans none 
 admitted according to first proposition as Lyckewyse to Reseve such inhabitans as may be com- 
 fortabell to us in pai-ticklar and the good of the generall as far as we are abell to judge. March 
 16, 50. 
 
 Thomas M Veuiian: John Bkoundish: 
 
 Thomas Wheeler: Eemod Caniff: Edwaet Waters: 
 
 EoBBEET Basset : iSi^icKxis Hill : Samuell Baeet : 
 
 ISAYH GiLLBEET : WiLLIAM V-'A^J^ BeNFULL : WiLLIAM WaED. 
 
 John Eoes : John \/\ Yennet: 
 
 Robeet Roes : Robeet ^'r Meajcee : 
 
 Obodiah Gllbeet : 
 The Director-General and Council of New-JSetherland having read and considered the fore- 
 going petition, grant to the petitioners, that upon taking the oath of allegiance they may remain 
 as good subjects of this Province and live at the place called Yreedlancl, under such conditions and 
 patents, as other free people in the villages of Middelborch, Breukelen, Midwout and Amesfoort 
 enjoy ; they shall also have the right of nominating a double number for ofiicers and magistrates 
 for the better government of the said village of Yreedland, w'hose selection and confirmation is 
 reserved to the Director-General and Council, conform to the general orders. Thus done in 
 Council held at Fort Amsterdam in If. N. date as above. 
 
 P. Stuyvesant, 
 ]N"icA8rus de Sille, 
 La Montagne, 
 Coenelis van Tienhoven. 
 
 CoM3vnssiON foe Thomas Wheelee, to be Chief Magistrate at Veeedland (Westchester). 
 
 Whereas Lieutenant Thomas Wheeler and some of his associates have lodged and settled 
 themselves upon the land, called by our Principals Yreedland, and have voluntarily submitted to 
 the Government of New-Netherland as good subjects and whereas care must be taken of the 
 administration of justice and good order observed in all cases, while the act of their privileges is 
 being drawn up and until it is definitely ascertained, who will remain there and who intends to 
 remove. 
 
 Therefore the Hon"'* Director-General and Council of New-Netherland have appointed and 
 commissioned the said Lieutenant Thomas Wheeler as chief magistrate there to represent the 
 Hon'''* General and to see, that everytliing is done justly and fairly and if anybody should disobey 
 hiiu he is to have him arrested and send him hither, to receive condign isunishment as an e.xample 
 to others and all this till further order. 
 
 Amsterdam in New-Neilmrland March IC"' 165G. 
 
 P. Stuyvesant. 
 
New York Historical liecords. 67 
 
 OeDER FOll THE msCHARGB OF CapT. IllCIIAED PaNTON AND OTIIKRS OF YrEEDLAND 
 
 (Westchester) on condition that they leave the country or bring security 
 foe their good behavioe. 
 
 March 25. Saturday (1656.) 
 
 The Director-General and Council of Neio-Nethe7'land have read the answers given in their 
 examination hy the Fiscal Cornelis van Tienhoven by Capt. EicJiard Panton, William EUt, Black 
 Marchand, Jan Gray and liogier Whealer, all Englishmen, detained for having taken up arms 
 against the Hon*" Director-General and his command at Yrcedland on [the 14"' inst], and having 
 heard the report of the Commissaries directed to be present at this examination, the Director-Gen- 
 eral and Council resolve, in consideration of their surrendering on our promise of good treatment, 
 to forget their fonner misdemeanor and to release the said prisoners from arrest, ordering them to 
 remove out of the boundaries and jurisdiction of New-JSFetherland, unless some of the inhabitants 
 of the village desire to be their bondsmen and give bail for their good behavior. 
 
 Thus done in Council at Fort Amsterdam in N. N. on the day as above. 
 
 Order on an application of Nicolas Vaeleth for leave to remove the frame 
 OF A house from IIoboken to Amsterdajm ; denied on account op the Indian 
 difficulties. 
 
 28 March (1056) 
 
 Before the Council appeared JVicholas Yarleth, and requested permission to remove the frame 
 of a house, standing at Ilohoochm, whicli lie had sold to Miehiel Jansen for 230 tl., and asked for 
 6 or 8 soldiers for defense or protection, which having been taken in consideration, several diffi- 
 culties presented themselves, which might arise therefrom and which were suggested to him, 
 among others that upon meeting with savages our men might come to words with them and from 
 the words to blows, whereby the wliole country and all the savages would again get excited, the 
 more so, as the savages pretended, according to his own statement, that the said house barring the 
 nails, belonged to them and that our time had not come yet, as the savages still held in captivity 
 about 20 of our children, further that an order from Uolland regarding tliis matter was expected 
 every day and several other reasons, whicli if they did not satisfy him, he is directed to make his 
 application in writing. Date as above. 
 
 Indictment ^vnd sentence of Sander Toursen and wife for selling liquor to the Indians. 
 
 Co]>y. To the Right Honorable Director-General 
 
 and Council of New-Netherland . 
 
 On the -I"' of March last past two Indians of M.ochgeijchkonkh were arrested, who were 
 exceedingly drunk and run about on the streets here and into the Fort with a great deal of noise. 
 Tlicse Indians declared of their own free will, after having been in prison one day, that they had 
 
68 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 received the strong liquor from Saiider Toursen and his wife, adding thereto, that, in proof of the 
 truth of what they stated, some black wampum laying at the end of a certain chest, would be found 
 near the bedstead, which belonged to them and had been given to Sander, to buy more brandy for 
 it upon another occasion. The deposition of Jan Gerritsen van Immen must bo added, who says, 
 tiiat he has seen the wife of Sander Toursen run in and out of the tavern with a calabash and 
 carry the same out of the garden, which opens on the strand, to the savages, who run along 
 the strand very intoxicated and whereas we have, as in duty bound, made great endeavors to get 
 more information, yet Sander Toursen and his wife remain obstinate in their denial, the Fiscal 
 requests, that for the maintenance of justice and as an example for other dealers in brandy, these 
 two persons be publicly placed on the pillory and banished the country, so that liquor dealers, 
 selling to the Indians, on seeing the punishment, may be on their guard and mischief be prevented. 
 Dated the 2* April A° 1656 (signed) Coknelis van Tienuoven. 
 
 The foregoing complaint of the Honorable Fiscal Cornelis van Tienhoven, preferred ex officio 
 against Sander Toursen and his wife, having been seen, read and deliberated upon by the Director- 
 General and Council of New-Netherland and it being further considered, that several persons 
 gi-eatly suspect, notwithstanding their obstinate denial, that Sander Toursen and his wife have 
 sold liquor to the savages, besides, that the Indian prisoners have, of their free will, declared, they 
 had received the brandy from Toursen and his wife and the proof, which they had offered in veri- 
 fication of their statement, has been found correct. The Director-Greneral and Council aforesaid 
 have banished, as they herewith do, the said Sander Toursen and his wife and condemned them 
 to be sent to the Fatherland by the ship " de Waagh " now here ready to sail, as an example for 
 others, who sell brandy to the savages. Thus done, .it our meeting held at Fort Amsterdam in 
 New-Netherland. Date as above. 
 
 Okdek for a contribution of cloth from the merchants fob the ransom of 
 
 THE PRISONERS, STILL HELD BY THE InDIANS. 
 
 12"' April (1656). 
 
 The report of those, authorized to make a collection for the children still in captivity among 
 the barbarians, has been received and as for their ransom (besides what has been already col- 
 lected or given from the Hon. Company's and the Poor funds, consisting in wampum) some pieces 
 of duffels are required and necessary and not to be had for wampum. Therefore it is ordered, that 
 foi- supplementing it the merchants are hereby required and requested in the name and for the sake 
 of the poor prisoners, to deliver each one, either as charity for the poor prisoners or else for our 
 account, to the bearers hereof one piece of cloth. Done at Fort Amsterdam in Neio- Netherlands 
 date as above. (Signed) P. Stuyvesant, Nicasius de Sille, La Montagne, Cos. van Tienhoven. 
 
 OrDIXANCE of THE DiRECTOR-GeNERAL and OotTNCIL OF N"eW-NeTHERLAND AGAINST 
 
 lodging Indians in New-Amsterdam. Passed Mat 29, 1656. 
 (See Laws of New Netherland, p. 228 ) 
 
Ne\o Yorh Historical Records. 69 
 
 Eesolutiox to give pkivatk notice to Jan Dikcksen and riis wife to quit the 
 
 COUNTRY, THEY BEING SUSPECTED OF FURNISHING LIQUOR TO THE InDIANS AND 
 ANOTHER RESOLUTION TO SUSPEND THE FLRST ONE. 
 
 Saturday, A? 165G, the 1" of July. 
 
 Present at the meeting in Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherlmid the Riglit Honorable Di- 
 rectoi--(Teneral Pitrus Stuyvesant, the Honorable Councillors Nicasms de SUle and J. La Mon- 
 i.iijiir' and thu Worshipful Burgomasters of this City of Amsterdam, Allard Anthony and Oloff 
 
 .Stewtisoii Cortlandt. 
 
 Whereas a deplorable experience shows and has shown for some time past, that many savages 
 run, while drunk, on the streets without that it has been possible so far, to discover with certainty, 
 \\-here they get the liquor contrary to the strict orders and further that the savages are told many 
 things by evilminded people and imposed upon, as among others, that tiie Director-General and 
 Council had sent for live hundred men, that they could not get any soldiers, that nobody would 
 come hither and many similar stories, the parties spreading which cannot be discovered, and 
 whereas many and almost general complaints and suspicions point to one Jan Dircksen and his 
 wife, whose house the savages frequent uncommonly much and have done so some time, the Di- 
 rector-General and Council have decided, with the advice of the Burgomasters, (judging it would 
 1)6 better, that the interests of one, as the lesser part, should suffer for the best of peace and safety 
 and to stop the talk of the people) that the aforesaid Jan Dircksen and his wife should be pri- 
 vately informed and directed to leave by the first ship. Thus done at the meeting in the year and 
 on the day as above. (Signed) P. Stdyvesant, NicAsros de Sille, J. La Montagne. 
 
 Upon the intercession of the Burgomasters of this City and the requests of the preachers and 
 for other reasons, it has been resolved, to suspend the foregoing resolution and to reprimand and 
 warn the person to be on his guard. Thus done at Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherland, tlie 3* 
 of August A? 1656. Present the Plonorable Du-ector-General and the Honorable Councillors 
 Nicasius d^i Sille and J. La Montagne. 
 
 Ordinance of the Director-General and Council of New-Netherland re 
 newing the ordinances for the formation of villages and against admit 
 
 TING ARMED InDIANS INTO CITIES, VILLAGES AND HOUSES. PaSSED JuLY 1°' 1656. 
 
 (See Laws of New-NethcrUiud, p. 234.) 
 
 Patent to Christoffel Davids fob a tract of land in the Esopus (Ulster Co.) 
 
 Petrus Stuyvesant etc with the Hon"'''' Council declare, that we have to-day, date underwrit- 
 ten, given and granted to CJiristqfel Davids a parcel of land, measuring 36 morgens, situate about 
 a league inland from the North river in the Esojms, on the west side of the Great Kil, opposite t& 
 the land of Thomas Chambers, running S. W. and N. E. halfway to a small pond (binuewater) 
 
70 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 on the border of a valley, which divides this parcel and the land of the lion'''* Jvhan de Hulter, 
 dec*., with as much hayland (meadow) as shall pro rata be allowed to the other boiiweries. Under 
 the express condition etc etc. Done at Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherland, the 25"" of Septem- 
 ber 1656. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant and Council : 
 
 THEY accuse THE (fORMER) FiSCALS VAN TiENHOVEN AND VAN DyK AS BEING THE 
 CAUSE OF THE LATE InDIAN MASSACRE. 
 
 The reasons, which your Honors bring forward in so many words to vindicate and excuse the 
 former Fiscal van Tienhoven,* (;annot by any means make us retreat from our former position, 
 Dissatisfaction of ^q ^ake which we were not prompted by light and unimportant reasons : we do 
 
 tlie Lords-Direct- , . , . , in • i i- i , , . 
 
 ors over the rea- not thuilv it necessary to repeat them all, either to discuss them or to hear him 
 sons forthe excui- defended, as we are confident, that tlie charges are true. "Whoever considers only 
 
 patiou of Cornells ' . . 
 
 van Tienhoven. his last transaction with the savages, will find, that with clouded brains, filled with 
 liquor, he was a prime cause of this dreadful massacre. Anyway, he might have prevented it to 
 a great extent by caution and good management, either in warning the people in the country or 
 Why he ought not by rendering some slight assistance ; your Honors ought to know this better, than 
 to be exculpated. ^^ ^^^ y^^ ^^q therefore very much astonished, that your Honors shield him in 
 such a manner, with which we are not at all satisfied and shall be still less so, if the same Tien- 
 Great displeasure, ho^en should aoain be employed by your Honors in one or the other service there 
 
 if he should again ° • t i 
 
 be employed. against our ctiTct instruction and order. 
 
 Fiscal van Dyk has As far as we can learn from the transmitted papers and verbal reports of 
 
 tton for the"iate Other private parties, also the former Fiscal van Dyh\ has laid the first founda- 
 massacre. tion for this dreadful massacre and given the most offence, by killing one of the 
 
 squaws for taking some peaches or other fruits from his garden. If this is true, then we wonder, 
 that no more mention is made of it and that he has not been brought to iustice 
 
 If true, he is to . . 
 
 suffer according to as a murderer : M^e deem it necessary to remind your Honors of it and recommend 
 ■'"'■ it seriously to your attention. 
 
 No opportunity to Although we are still inclined to revenge the disaster, brought upon us by 
 
 fortunr, 'broJ^ht ^he savages, by the use of arms, onr situation does not yet admit of giving any 
 about by the assistancc by sending troops and other required necessaries. We trust however, 
 
 savages. ^^^^^ ^^^^ arrival of the City's ship and troops at the South river shall strike these 
 
 tribes with awe and that consequently it will be easier to keep them in submission. Your Honors 
 must try to remain in the^neantime on the former footing with them and deprive them, as far as 
 They approve of possible, of all clianccs to injure our people there. We are well pleased with the 
 concernius settle- Order issucd by your Honors in that respect, also with the placat in regard to the 
 ments which is to concentration of the scattered farms, provided, that it only affect the erection of 
 
 affect only the ^ -i ^^ i j . i -i , .-i i . i 
 
 erection of new "ow buildmgs and not such parties, as have already built their houses, for we do 
 buildings. j^^j; consider it just to compel these to move. In the meantime we are very 
 
 * Cornells van Ticnhoven, the Fiscal or Attorney-Genei'al of New-Netherland had been charged with irregu- 
 larities already in April 16,')5, the complaints against him and his brother Adrian, Collector of the Revenues, in- 
 creased so, tliat in March 1G5G the Company dismissed him; when called upon to render his accounts, he ab- 
 sconded in Novbr. 1656.— B. F. 
 
 t He had been removed by Stuyvesant in March 16.53, for slandei-ing the Director.— B. F. 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. Yl 
 
 anxious to litiir, liow the deputation, to be sent by your lienors to the meeting of the Legislature 
 They desire to of the English, to make an offensive alliance with this nation, has succeeded ; we 
 
 hear of the result trust, that your Houors will have proceeded in this matter with such discretion 
 
 of the deptitatioc i . i i i • /• i ,- 
 
 to the Ent'iish As- and caiitioii, that the authority of the supreme Government of tliis country has 
 ®®'"'*'''- not been compromised. 
 
 PETmoN OF Johanna de Laet, wroow of Johan de Hiiltee foe lettees patent 
 
 TO LAND PUKCilASED FEOM THE InDIANS BY II EE DECEASED HUSBAND. 
 
 To the Noble, "Worshipful, their Honors 
 the Director-General and Council oiNew- 
 Netherland. 
 
 Shows with due reverence Johanna de HuUfr, widow of the late Johan de IlulUr, that her, 
 the petitioner's deceased husband petitioned your Honorable Worships on the 5"" of November 
 1654 for letters-patent in proper shape for the land, which he had bought with the consent of your 
 Honorable Worships from the natives, who declared themselves to be the lawful owners of the 
 same, and paid for with goods, whereupon your Honorable Worships were pleased to decree and 
 to order, that the bill of sale and conveyance should be exhibited to your Honorable Worships and 
 properly recorded, when letters-patent in the usual form would be issued and granted, as may be 
 seen by the register of your Honorable Worships' resolutions of the aforesaid date.* As since 
 that the Lord lias taken out of the world the husband of your Hon''"' Worships' petitioner, lea\ing 
 her as an afflicted widow with four fatherless children in this vale of tears, she is now compelled 
 to turn to your Honorable Worships with the humble petition, that your Honorable Worships 
 will please to favor her with letters-patent for the land bought by her deceased husband with the 
 knowledge and consent of your Honorable Worships, so that your Hon"''' Worships' petitioner and 
 her young children may have some hope, to reap evenings and mornings some advantage of the 
 great and excessive expenses and labors, which her late husband has had with it in rather an 
 excessive manner. The bill of sale and conveyance, demanded T)y your Hon"'" Worsliips, ai-e 
 hereunto annexed and I respectfully request, that after they have been recorded, they may be 
 returned to your Hon"'" Worships' petitioner, which doing etc. 
 
 (Below stood) Your Honorable Worships' humble servant (and it was signed) J(jhanna de 
 
 HCLTEE. 
 
 The following decision was given on the foregoing petition, after the question had been jnit. 
 Fiat quod petitur according to the decision given to petitioner's husband on the 5"" 9''" 1054. 
 Dated the 27'" of March 1657. ' 
 
 , Patknt TO Johanna dio Laet, widow of Johan de Hultee, foe 500 moegens of 
 
 LAND UN THE EsOI'US. 
 
 Petrus Stuyvesant, on behalf of their High Mightinesses the Lords States-General of the 
 United Netherlands and the Noble Lords-Directors of the Incorporated West-India Company Di- 
 
 * The Council-Minutes of that time make no mention of tlie petition of .Johan tie Hultur. — B. P. 
 
72 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 vector-General of New-Netlierland, Curacao, Bonayro, Aruha and its dependencies, together with 
 the Honorable Council testify and declare, that to-daj, date underwritten, we have granted to 
 Mrs. Johanna de Laet, widow and remaining possessor of the late Johan de HuUer's estate, a 
 parcel of land at the Esopus, containing altogether in arable lands, meadows and woodland five- 
 hundred morgens, contiguous on the northside to the land of Thomas Chambers and Christoffel 
 Davits, where the boundary is formed by a large Kil and it is further divided at the north from 
 the land, on which Juriaen van Westphalen lives now by a small Kil, under express conditions 
 and reservations etc. 
 
 Done at New- Amsterdam in New-Netherland, on the 27"" of March A" 1657. 
 
 Resolution of the Magistrates of Fokt Orange and Beveewyck, permitting 
 
 THE inhabitants TO EMPLOY InDIAN BROKERS FOR ONE YEAR. 
 
 The magistrates of Fort Orange and of the village of Beverwyck etc.", having been informed 
 of the complaints made by the community concerning the trade with the savages, in which they 
 state to be much interested, because they have been forbidden by placat to employ brokers, resolve 
 to satisfy the community and consent, that they may employ Indian brokers for the trade during 
 this year. Actum Fort Orange, the 6"" June A° 1C57. 
 
 Propositions of tue three Mohawk Castles, to renew the old covenant chain 
 and answer thereto. 
 
 The IG"" of June A" 1657 the Sachems of the three Castles of the Mohawks sent to the Hon. 
 Mr. Lamontagne, the Vice-Director, a chief, called Sasiadeyo, who requested in the name of the 
 same Sachems, that they should be heard the same day, whereupon the Vice-Director called the 
 Court together. 
 
 The tliree Sachems of the three Maquaes Castles appeared before the Court and made the fol- 
 lowing propositions, after going through the usual ceremonies : 
 
 First. They request us, as old friends, that we should accommodate them with a few horses, 
 to haul pallisades out of the woods for the repairing of their Castle and that we should protect 
 their wives and children here in the village, in case they should go to war with the Sinnekes. 
 They present on this proposition a string of wampum, worth fl 10.12. 
 
 Second. They ask, because all three Castles belong to the same tribe and they are bound to 
 help each other in time of need, which can be done only with difficulty, if they cannot warn one 
 the other of their distress, that we might assist each of the Castles with a cannon and that the 
 same should be brought by horses from here to the flats, a distance of 8 miles. They present 
 another string of wampum, valued at fl. 16.9, on this proposition. 
 
 Third. They state, that they have called on us in passing through on their way to the Mahi- 
 ka/nders, to renew the old friendship between us and them, giving thereupon a third string of 
 wampum, worth fl. 13.10. 
 
 On the 22'' of June 1657 the Sachems or Chiefs of the Maquaes Castles appeared again and 
 asked the Court for the answer to the propositions, made by them on the 16"" of this month. The 
 Court gave the following answer to their requests. 
 
New York Historical Records. 78 
 
 The answer to tlie first proposition, concerning the horses, was, tliat they had no horses of 
 their own, but if they wish to pay for them, then the Court will see to induce some of the inhab- 
 itants to help tliem. As to the receiving here of their wives and children, in case of war with the 
 Sinnehins, they are ready to do it for the sake of our old friendship, but we hope it will not be 
 necessary. 
 
 The answer to the second jiroposition, concerning the request for cannons, was, that the can- 
 nons did not belong to them (the Court), but to their Chief, who had given them for their own 
 defense, so that they cannot give them away nor lend them without his consent, but they will 
 write about it to the Director-General and await his answer. 
 
 Tiie answer to the third proposition, concerning the renewal of the old friendship between us 
 and them, was, that we are ready to niaintain and thank them for the friendly opinions, which 
 they have expressed. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors to Petrijs Stutvesant: tiie prison- 
 ers IN THE HANDS OF TIIE InDIANS TO BE DEMANDED FROM THEM IN THE NAMK 
 OF THE StATES-GeNKRAL : A BLOCKHOUSE TO BE BUILT A'J' EsoPUS. Iu'^^SepTBR 
 
 1657. 
 
 1. 
 
 It is difficult to understand the unbearable boldness of the savage and barbarian tribes there 
 in demanding and insisting upon so large a ransom for 4: or 5 Christian children, captured by them 
 Tbeydonotap- at the time of the last surprise and massacre and although we would be glad to 
 iar'™ran3orn"or' ^^^ them released and would contribute our share to it, we have as yet not been 
 captured children able to approve, that these barbarous tribes should be humored in their dishonest 
 Iccount'ofThV proposals ; and that only on account of the consequences and results of the case, 
 consequences. as, having their appetite whetted thereby, they would often repeat these practices. 
 
 Your Honors must therefore make an experiment and send some delegates to tlie said tribes to 
 To demand the demand the aforesaid children in tlie name of Their High Might : the Lords-States 
 
 prisoners by dele- tt/-i t ■ i- i/-, 
 
 jjates. General and the West-India Company and if necessaiy to ask for them with great 
 
 threats, perhaps tliey might be persuaded thereby ; we shall expect to hear the result of it by tlie 
 first opportunity. 
 
 3. 
 We do not deny, that the erection of a wooden blockhouse or of a little fort on the extreme 
 The erection of a boundaries against New-Enylaiul would be advantageous for determining our 
 wooden block- limits or that a redoubt at the Esopits for the defense and protection of our inhab- 
 
 houseon theboun- _ ^ r 
 
 daries with New- itants there would be not only useful, but also necessary, as we have recommended 
 Es!fpus1s*con''s'id-* ^^ before to-day to your Honors and especially the first ; however, that we should 
 ered necessary. assist j'our Honors ill it, the bad condition of our finances in this country would 
 
 permit as little as your Honors' own scarcity of funds ; the treasury there ought to be in a bettcn- 
 condition now, considering that the debts contracted before by your Honors for an unexpected 
 eniergenc)', have undoubtedly been paid, so that, as soon as your Honors shall have sent over 
 the remitted 4 p. et. and consequently also the 8 p. ct. retour recognition, we shall not fail, to 
 10 
 
74 Colonial Settleiaents on the Hudson liiver. 
 
 invest them here and supply your Honors in return not only with the required commodities, 
 but also with some soldiers and more mechanics, who are needed for the garrisoning and erecting 
 of the aforesaid places and strongholds. Meanwhile we intend and shall give our orders accord- 
 ingly, to provide and send to your Honors the one or the other, as far our means and the situation 
 permit, by the ships, which are to sail from here before winter. 
 
 AFFiDAvrr OF Jan ' Gillisen Kock in eegaed to Cattle at Catskil. 
 
 Before me Jphannes Lamontagne, Commissary of Fort Orange, the village of Beverwyclc and 
 dependencies appeared Jan Gillisen Kock, who declares, that while on board tiie yacht of Evert 
 Pels on the last of October he had heard, that Jan van Breemen had gone to the farmers at 
 Katskil for fodder for the cattle on board of the yacht of the said Evert Pels and that he had said, 
 he could not obtain any fodder for the animals, six in number, because the kil was dry and he had 
 then taken two men, to wit the farmer from his bouwery and Gerrit Segersen, to drive the cattle 
 overland to Fort Orange ; whereupon Tryntie Juriansen asked of the said Jan van Bremen, 
 whether no fodder could be brought there overland or in carts, to which Jan van Bremen had 
 answered, "the Devil may carry it overland" and he had said further to Tryntie Juriansen : 
 " Before we let the animals starve, we better drive them overland to Fort Orange.'''' The aforesaid 
 Tryntie Juriansen then remarked : " Is tliere no danger for the cattle from the savages " and 
 Jan van Bremen answered " For one guilder I will run all the risk." They then landed the 
 cattle from the yacht and the animals ran away and could not be found. He certifies this to be 
 the truth and will if necessary confirm it by his oath. Actum at Fort Orange, the 7^'' Novbr A. 
 D. 1G57 in presence of 
 
 J. Provoost 
 
 Gillisen Kock. 
 
 Nathaniel Pieteesen. 
 
 List of the faemers, men, women, childeen, male and female servants sent 
 BY Yoncker Heneick van dee Capellejt toe Ryssel to Staten-Island in 
 New-Netherland in West-India since May 1650. 
 
 And of those who were alive aftee the dreadful and bloody massacre by 
 the savages in September 1655. 
 
 1. Captain Adrlnen Post with his wife, five children, one male and one female servant, is still 
 on the Island. 
 
 2. Hendrick Swerinck with his wife, two children and a man-servant, is at the Manhatans. 
 
 3. Paid Eroks with his wife, a child and a man-servant, is at Fort Orange. 
 
 4. Hendrick Marcellis with his wife, two children and a man-servant, is at Fort Orange. 
 
 5. Jan Aertsen van Ileerde with his wife and eight children lives at the Manhatans. 
 
 C. Aelhert Guyssehertsen van Heerde with his wife, four children and a man-servant, is at Fort 
 
 Orange. 
 
 7. The wife of Aerent van Jlengel, now married to one Severyn, with three children, lives at 
 
 the Manhatans. He has stepped into the contract of Aerent van Hengel, whose widow has a son 
 
 doin<r all kind of farm labor. 
 
JVew Yo?-k Ilidorical HecorJs. 75 
 
 8. The wife of Jari van Oldemeel, called Elshen, married to a haskctiiiaker, with three children 
 lives oil Long Island. 
 
 9. The wife of JanWesseUncl-, married to an Englishman wlio is a carter, lives witli her three 
 children at the Manhatans. 
 
 10. Gylart, the servant of the late farmer Jan Wessei/nck lives at JlesjMc/iMl. 
 
 11. The wife of the basketmaker (?), engaged at Zutphen, named Hermken, lives with t\vo c-liild- 
 ren at Fort Orange. She is married to a carpenter. 
 
 12. Three children of Corporal Gerrit Jansen van Steetrwijrl-, who liave been brought at his 
 Excy's expense. 
 
 13. Wynoit, servant to the late Hans Berentsen of Osenhniggc, was taken North l)y Mehjn, but 
 lias returned and learns ship carpentering. 
 
 li. Also a boj of Berene Driessen from Oostcnengh lives on Long-Island with a farmer. 
 15. The smith van Steenderen, called the crooked smith lives at Breuckel, opposite the Manhatans. 
 There are all together sixty-two living souls. This has been reported at Zutphen on the ^-^ 
 November 1657 by the wife of Captain Adrtacn Post and by the farmer Jan Aerentsen van 
 Hcerde. 
 
 EXTEACT FROM A LETTER OF THE DiREOTORS TO DIRECTOR- GeXERAL AND CoUNCtL OF 
 
 N ew-Netuerland ; Indiajj Affairs ; the colony on Staten-Island. 22'' De- 
 cember 1(557. 
 
 What disturbed us most in your Honors' letter was the information, that the savages continue 
 in their old boldness, threats and insolence and have only lately murdered three Christians and as 
 we have come to the conclusion, that this should not bo submitted to any longer, but ought to be 
 resisted, therefore and to carry it out so much better we are about to send your Honors herewith 
 1000 lbs. of powder and a detachment of about 50 soldiers, who, added to tliose, whom your Hon- 
 ors have there already, ought to be sufficient, to attack one or the other of the dangerous tribes or 
 tlie most principal of our enemies, especially if use is made of the assistance of the savages, who 
 are our friends and allies, which we understand the Long-Island savages to be. Although your 
 Honors are better informed concerning these matters, than we, yet we must earnestly recommend, 
 to handle this affair with the utmost caution and choose the most convenient time for it, that our 
 good success may serve as an exampel to make other tribes more circumspect and easier to be kept 
 in check. We consider it therefore also especially necessary, that henceforth the said savage tribes 
 be not indulged in such liberties and freedoms, as they have now there and at the Manhattans., 
 for they are only emboldened by it and made to respect our people still less, who, to gain an 
 advantage in trade one over tlie other, caress and cajole them, even have armed them to their own 
 destruction. 
 
 13. 
 Wo have seen, that Lvhhei't van DinMage, attorney of Baron Ilendrich van der CapeUen has 
 bought there, for account of the same, from the natives or savages the Staten-Island, without giv- 
 ing any information either to us liere or to your Honors, which astonished and puzzled us very 
 much, as it is a matter, which infringes upon the prerogatives of the Company, to wliom alone it 
 
76 Colonial Settleinents on the Hudson liiver. 
 
 is and must be reserved and as such proceedings neither can nor ought to be allowed in any shape, 
 we have deemed it highly necessary, to direct your Honors herewith to annul the conveyance 
 made for it and to have the respective chiefs, savages and owners make a new conveyance to your 
 Honors in behalf of the Company, under condition that the same goods shall be paid for it, as liave 
 been stipulated at the sale and as may be learned from the enclosed bill of sale : and then yoiir 
 Honors may grant to the said Mr. van der Capelle or his attorney as much of the land there, as 
 he may be entitled to, under the same conditions as it is granted and conveyed to others: this 
 until we shall give other orders. 
 
 14. 
 As his Honor has informed us, that the majority of his people, sent there at his expense, have 
 since the last massacre removed from the Island and are now living here and there in places under 
 the Company's jurisdiction, according to the enclosed list and as he therefore requests us to 
 assist him in getting the people back into his service, agreeably to their duty, therefore we desire 
 to recommend herewith to your Honors to give him or his attorney every possible assistance, pro- 
 vided it goes no farther, than what reason and equity demand, so that his Honor might be satis- 
 fied by it. 
 
 Action foe Debt. Coenelis Teunissen against Jacob Jansen Stoll foe ex- 
 cise ON slaughtered cattle, involving a question of the jueisdiction of 
 Esopus. 
 (Taken from Volume A of Mortgages in the County Clerk's office at Albany.) 
 
 29"' January lfi.5S. 
 
 Comelis Teunissen,, plaintiff, contra Jacob Jansen Stolle, defendant. The plaintiff asserts, 
 
 that, as he has rented the excise on slaughtered cattle, the people of Esopus and Katskil must also 
 
 pay the said excise. 
 
 The Defendant answers, that the inhabitants of Esopus are exempted from every excise for 
 
 the time of 4 years more, pursuant to the "Exemptions of New-Netherland'''' but in case they 
 
 ought to pay the excise, the proceeds should be used for the benefit of their place, according to the 
 
 orders of the Director-General and Council of New-Netherland, 
 The Court refers the 
 matter to His Hon"'" 
 Worship the Director- 
 General and Council. 
 
 Letter of Jacob Jansen Stoll to Dieectoe Stctvesant with a cargo of wheat. 
 
 No. 43. 
 
 Honorable General Pieter Stuyvesant ! 
 Your letter has been received. It is all right about Harman Jacobsen, as far as I am con- 
 cerned, that I owe him one hundred guilders, to wit the wheat at three guilders per schepel and 
 not otherwise (nothing else) and whereas he refers to Frederic Flipsen, that I should pay him the 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 77 
 
 same sum, viz. one hundred guilders, I am idwavs ready to deliver it at the rate of three guilders. 
 As to the rest, I do not know anything al)out it. 
 
 Sir! I send herewith in your Honor's yacht fifty schepels of wheat and also one Inindred 
 schepels of oats. Please e.xcuse uie this time ; I have done the best I could, as I have s(jme more 
 wheat to thresh, besides I have got a little behindhand through the last flight and I try to liquidate 
 luy debts with the help of God Almighty, so that I shall easily send your Honor some grain in a 
 month or six weeks, but not now, for we have had already too many guests in our granary {al 
 vnj'Uchters aen hoort). Besides, Sir, please not to take it amiss, if I ask, whether the people of 
 Fort Orange have leave to sell openly brandy and distilled waters to the savages, the barbarous 
 people, as we, not only I, but all the inhabitants of the Great Soopis see them daily drinking, 
 while they sa}-, that they get it from there; no good can come from it, but it must tend to the ruin 
 of the whole country. They have also caused great inconveniences to Jacob Andriesen on the 
 Strand, while they were intoxicated. Closing herewith and commending your Honor to the pro- 
 tection of the Almighty, who may grant good health and a long life to your Honor and your Hon- 
 or's family. Amen ! I am and remain 
 
 Your Honor" s faithful servant and subject 
 On the 12"" of April A" 1658. Jacob Jansen Stoll. 
 
 To the Honorable, Wise and 
 Yeiy Rigorous, His Honor 
 Pieter Stuyoesant 
 General for the Privileged 
 "West-India Company 
 at the Manhatans in 
 Fort Amsterdam. 
 
 Lettkr of Thomas Chambers to Director Stittvesant: demands assistance, as 
 THE Indians have murdered some of the settlers at Esopus. 
 
 Very Noble General, Petrus Stui/vesant and Honorable Gentlemen of the Council of New- 
 Netherland. Greeting ! 
 
 To-day, the first of May 1058 great trouble has arisen here through the fearful intoxication of 
 tlie cruel barbarians and I myself with one Pieter Dirchsen and Ilendriek Cornelissen came 
 to-day to the tennis-court and saw that the savages had an ancre of brandy lying under a tree and 
 have tasted myself, that it was pure brandy and according to all appearances they got madly intoxi- 
 cated and about dusk they fired at and killed Uarmen Jacopsen, who was standing on the yacht of 
 WiUem Moer, and during the night they set fire to the house of Jacop Adrijansen, so that the 
 people were compelled to fly ; therefore I request, that we should receive assistance of troops, that 
 we may make some stronghold for our defence; as we have been driven away once before and 
 cxj)elled from our property and it begins anew now, therefore, as long as we are under the juris- 
 <liction of the Hon""' "West-India Company, it is proper, that we should ask your Honor for assist- 
 ance, so that this fine country might be retained and we remain in our property, for this Aenopus 
 is a place, which if well peopled could feed the whole of Neio-Netherland and it would be, so to 
 say, a sin, which could be avoided, if we should have to leave such splendid country : hence we do 
 not doubt, but your Honor will assist us speedily and I have informed myself among the savages. 
 
78 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 who or which savage had killed the aforesaid Barmen and they liave promised to deliver the 
 said savage in bonds to myself and I shall tlien send him to your Honor, but please to be careful 
 and not begin the war too suddenly, so that we may first have a stronghold for our defence and 
 as there is a good chance here, to inflict great damages to the savages, we hope your Honor will 
 (luickly assist us and not desert us in our need, for we here are also Christian people and it is 
 everybody's duty to give help in time of distress. Closing herewith, I commend your Honor 
 with many good wishes to the protection of God Almighty and am and remain 
 
 Your Excy's servant % 
 
 Great Aesopus Thomas Chambees. 
 
 the 2" of May An" 1658. 
 
 To the Noble Mr. Petrus Stuyvesant 
 
 and the Hon"'" Gentlemen of the Council 
 
 of Nexo-Netherland in the City of 
 New- Amsterdam. 
 
 Letter from Andeies van dee Sluys and other inhabitants of Esopus to Di- 
 EECTOE Stuyvesant confiesung tue foeegoing letter. 
 
 The Noble Honorable Petrus Stuijvesant is hereby informed, that the savages have used vio- 
 lence at the house of Jacoh Adrijansen on the first of May 1658, whereby I, Andries van der 
 Sluys, living in the family of the said Jaoop, was compelled to fly with the said Jacoj), his wife 
 and children to the yacht of Willem Martensen Moer towards evening, after the savages had killed 
 Harmen Jacopsen on the yacht of said Moer and towards midnight they sat fire to the house and 
 on the morning of the 2* of May we and the yacht of Loiiwrens Lov/wrensen left the Kil and 
 remained at its mouth and transferred the body of the aforesaid deceased Harmen Jacopsen to the 
 yacht of the said Louwrens, that he should take it with him to the Mannathans. We, the under- 
 signed, declare all this to be true and truthful and promise to confirm it under oath and have 
 therefore signed it with our own hands. 
 
 Actum ; 2 : May : An° 1658 Great Aesopus. 
 
 Andries Vandee Slcys 
 Wh,lem Martensen Fueks (?) 
 Haemen Haemensen Gansevokt 
 Jacob Adeijaensen 
 The mark of — ^ Diekick Hendeicksen. 
 
 Letter from Thomas Chajvdjees and othees to the Council op New-Nethee- 
 
 LAND complaining AGAIN OF THE InDIANS AND ASKING FOR ASSISTANCE : POPULA- 
 TION AND PRODUCE OF EsOPUS. 
 
 Honorable, Wise, Rigorous Gentlemen. 
 Loyal Gentlemen ! This is to inform your Honors, that we have receivwl your Honors' letter 
 of the 4"' of May and tliat we are pleased to learn of your Honors' anxiety and great aftVction for 
 
Neil] Yorh Historical Records. 70 
 
 \ 
 us. We now have to report, that, although we have done our best to apprelieiul the murderei-, 
 we are mockingly refused by the barbarians and as to the Seller of the bi-andy the savages refer 
 us to no one, but to many, now Peter then Pauius. But it is evident, that not only for the sake 
 of selling their stock of beavers they all keep near Fort Oramje, where as the make of the brandy- 
 keg proves, the coopers have hardly sufficient time, to supply the demand by these people. The 
 savages have, as we previously communicated to your Honors, set fire to the cowshed, the pigsty 
 and then the dwellinghouse of Jacop Adrijaensen and not being satisfied compelled xis here, to 
 plough for them, taking upon refusal a fire-brand and holding it under the roofs of the houses, 
 to set fire to them ; they use great violence every day, which we are not capable to relate to your 
 Honors, and derisively say, that if they kill a Christian or more, they can pay for it in wampum 
 and we have so far been obliged to carry out their wishes ; further, your Honors are well acquainted 
 with this fine country and know, that there are 990 schepels of seed-gi-aiu in the ground, that 
 our dwellinghouses and furniture are here also and that between CO and 70 Christian people live 
 here and attend divine service on all the proper days and that we maintain our reader at our own 
 expense: therefore we believe, that your Honors would regret sincerely, if so many innocent 
 souls should be so wretchedly murdered and driven away by the cruel barbarians and it looks very 
 much like it, (which the Good and Almighty God may prevent). We hope, your Honors will 
 consider, that it is useless to cover the well, after the calf has been drowned; for the common 
 rabble of the savages do not pay any attention to their chiefs now and the latter have no more 
 authority over them and we are obliged to remain in our houses, as the savages would immedi- 
 ately attack us, as soon as we began to stir about, and set everything on fire, so that we are in such 
 a distress, that we dare not turn about or move. Therefore we most humbly request your Honors, 
 our faithful Masters, for heli) and a succor of aljout 40 to 50 men. Christ did not desei't us, but 
 assisted and saved us and gave his own blood for us, Christ has gathered us in one sheepsfold, 
 therefore let us not desert each other, but rather help each other to alleviate our sufferings and if 
 it may please your Honors, our faithful Masters, let some of the Honorable Council come here 
 quickly with the desired assistance, (but arrived here at the strand, please to keep the men quiet 
 and close to the bank and inform us of the arrival) and take a look at the situation here and if it 
 does not seem advisable to your Honors and worth the trouble and expense, then we leave all at 
 your Honors' discretion. While we expect your Honors' speedy assistance we connnend the Hon- 
 orable Couucil of Neiv-Netherland' to the protection of God Almighty and remain 
 
 The Honorable Council's of Neio-Nethcrland obedient faithful sei-vants 
 Great Aesopus Jacob Jansen Stoll 
 
 the IS"" of May Thomas Chambees 
 
 An" 1658 CoRNELis Barentskn Sleciit 
 
 The mark "^ 1} — of Pietek Dikcksen 
 The mark ^(^ of Jan Broeesen 
 Jan Jansen 
 Andries van der Sluys 
 
 To the Wise, Prudent, then present 
 
 Rigorous Gentlemen, 
 
 the Council of New-Netherland 
 
 in the City of Amsterdam 
 
 by the yacht oi Jan Coppen, which God may guide. 
 
Colonial Settlements on tJie Hudson River. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Dieectors to Director-General and Council; 
 Indian affairs ; emigrants and soldiers. 20'"' May 1658. 
 
 3. 
 Although we have in our last etter sufficiently explained to your Honors our opinions and 
 intentions concerning the unbearable conduct and insolence of the savages, we shall nevertheless 
 add, to make them still clearer, that we are by no means willing, that these commotions, robberies 
 and violent proceedings of the barbarous tribes should be submitted to any longer, they must be 
 Ordered, not to Suppressed by all possible means ; for it is impossible, to make them desist, as long 
 submit any longer ^s tliev perccive, that we concede everything to their threats and let them pass 
 
 to the insolence of • i , i , ., °, , , , «• , , 
 
 the savage but to unnoticed and do not dare to punish any one of them, who may have oiiended our 
 resent and resist it. people. And wlien sucli offenders and malefactors should have fled and are de- 
 manded from their tribe, but refused, then we think to have reasons enough and the time to have 
 come for immediate revenge and a forcible attack on such a tribe, so that for once we may be ena- 
 bled by such an example to keep others in check. "Without it we consider it to be absolutely 
 impossible and in case your Honors should think themselves not sufiiciently strong to carry out 
 this plan with the soldiery now there, although we believe they are sufficient, then your Honors 
 might employ for assistance such free men, as may offer themselves, and of well-affected savages, our 
 allies, as many as your Honors may judge advisable for a safe result. We would further direct 
 and recommend in this regard not to let pass the best and most suitable time and to undertake 
 and carry out the plan with caution, provided that good arrangements have first been made for 
 the people in the open country to be secured as much as possible and protected against surprises, 
 which your Honors being there on the spot will know better how to do, than we could say. 
 
 Resolution, that the Director-General proceed to the Esopus. 
 28"' May A" 1658, Tuesday, Fort Amsterdam in N. Nd. 
 
 Present at the meeting the Honorable Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant and the Hon"'* 
 Councillors, Nicasius de Sille, Pieter Tonneman and Johan ds Deckere. 
 
 The Director-General and Council of New-NetJierland took up and seriously considered the 
 letters of the 2'' and IS"* inst, received from the Esopus, by the first of which they were informed, 
 that the savages had killed one Ilannen Jacobsen alias Bamhoes, had set fire to two houses and 
 behaved and acted very insolently and wantonly ; by the second that the savages were continuing 
 in their unbearable boldness, forcing our people living there to plough for them and threatening, 
 in case of refusal, with the firebrands in their hands, to fire the houses, calling them dogs and 
 heaping upon them other such unbearable treatment, with which the verbal reports of people, 
 coming from there, agree and on account of which the inhabitants of the Esopus, numbering about 
 60 to 70 souls, ask for military assistance. After having considered this request, it was resolved, 
 that the Honorable Director-General should go there forthwith, taking 50 or 60 soldiers with him 
 as his body-guard, in order to make such arrangements, as he shall find necessary and the best ad- 
 vantage of the Company, this province and its inhabitants shall require. Date as above. 
 
Mew Yurk Historical litcords. 81 
 
 Agreement made by the Sp;ttlees of Esopcs to kemove theie dwellings and fokm a village. 
 Copy. 
 
 We, the undersigned, all inhabitants of the Aesopus, having from time to time e.xpei-ieneed 
 very distressing calamities and felt and discovered, to our loss, the unreliable and unbearable au- 
 dacity of the savage barbarous natives, how unsafe it is to trust to their promises, how dangerous 
 and full of anxiety to live at separate places away from each other among so faithless and mis- 
 chievous tribes, have resolved (upon the proposition and promise made by the Directoi--General, 
 the Hon"'" Petrus Stuijvesant, that he will give us a safe-guai-d and further help and assist us in 
 future emergencies) and deemed it necessary for the greater safety of our wives and children, to 
 pull down our scattered habitations in the most convenient manner immediately after signing this 
 agreement and to move close to each other to the place indicated by the IIon'"'= General, to inclose 
 the place with palisades of proper length with the assistance provided thereto by the Hon'''"' Gen- 
 eral, so that we may protect ourselves and our property by such means, to which the All-Good God 
 may give His blessing, against a sudden attack of the savages; while we bind ourselves, after im- 
 ploring God and His divine blessing on all lawful means, to carry out directly unanimously and 
 without opposition the foregoing agreement and to accomjilish it as Cjuick as possible under a pen- 
 alty of one thousand guilders* to be paid for the beneiit of the settlement by him, who should 
 hereafter make any opposition by word or deed. To insure this still more, we have signed this 
 agreement w\i\\ our own hands in presence of the Hon'''" Director-General and S' Goovert Loock- 
 ermans on board of the ship ^'SttcU Amsterdam "f in New-Netherland. Done the last of May 
 An" 1658. 
 
 It is signed: Jacob Jansen Stoll 
 
 Thomas Chambkes 
 Pi-esent: Coenelis Baeentsen Sleout 
 
 P. Stuyvesant Willem Jansen 
 
 Gcmert Loockerman. Pieter Diecksen 
 
 Jan Jansen 
 Jan Beoersen 
 DiECK Hendricksen Geaaff 
 Jan Lootman. 
 
 JODENAL OF DiEECTOE StUVVESANt's VISIT 
 
 Verbal and written report made by his Excellency, 
 General Petrus Stuyvesant concerning the occur- 
 rences and the affairs at the Esopus. 
 
 In conformity with the resolution we left in the private yachts on the 28"^ of May and arrived 
 safely at the Kil or river of the Esopus on the 29"". In order to avoid making any commotion 
 among the savages, either by astonishing them by the sight of so many soldiers or by making them 
 flee, before we had spoken with them, fearing also that during or before their flight they might 
 
 * $400.00. t I. e., the City of Amsterdam. 
 
82 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 inflict some more harm upon the small number of Christians, I had given orders to the accompa- 
 nying yachts which carried most of the soldiers before arrival at the said Kil, to follow separately 
 at a distance and not to anchor near me before night-fall and not to show upon deck any soldiei's 
 or at least as few as possible. While we thus led in the yacht of Master Abram Staats, ill luck 
 would have it, that in entering the Kil at low water we run aground. Meanwhile we sent S' Go- 
 vert Loockermans with the barge ashore, opposite to the two little houses of the savages standing 
 near tlie bank of the Kil, to invite 2 or 3 savages on board and despatch one or two others inland 
 for the farmers, to regulate my conduct by the knowledge of their present condition. When he 
 came back he brought with him two savages and with them came Thomas Chambers and the Pre- 
 centor {voorleezer) Andries van der Sluys, induced to come down to the river by the longing for 
 help and the good south wind, to look out for the requested and expected relief. Their report and 
 complaints agreed substantially with the letters previously sent to the Hon"'^ Council ; they added 
 that the boldness and threats were still continuing and that they (i. e. the Indians) had since killed 
 two sows, being with pigs, of Jacob Jansen Hap near his lot. It would be too long, if it were 
 possible, to repeat all the particulars, because they were given verbally, not in writing, and are 
 therefore not all remembered. But a further detailing is unnecessary, because, as I said before, 
 they agreed substantially with the letters previously sent. 
 
 I persuaded the savages, brought along by S' Loockermans, by a little present to go inland to 
 their Sachems or chiefs and inform them of my arrival, which was not to do them or the savages 
 in general any harm, but to intpire into the causes and who was guilty or not guilty of the quar- 
 rels, murders and incendiarism : they were therefore to tell the Sachems and savages in the neigh- 
 borhood, that they need not be afraid, but that they should come to meet me and speak with me 
 at the house of Jacob Jansen Stall the following day or the day after, no harm should be done to 
 them or theirs : they agreed to do it and left after some further talk together with the aforesaid 
 two Christians, viz. Thomas Chambers and Van der Sluys. The other yachts arrived in the mean- 
 time towards evgning and passed by us, who were sitting aground. I ordered the Captain-Lieu- 
 tenant to land the soldiers with the least possible noise, without beating the drum, to keep them 
 well together and after having landed them, to send for me and the people on my yacht : this was 
 done by sunset : we marched on the same evening to the bouwery of Tlwmas Chambers, being the 
 nearest, and remained there for the night. On the morning of the SO"", Ascension-day, we marched 
 to the bouwery of Jacob Jansen Stoll, which is the nearest to most of the habitations and planta- 
 tions of the savages, where we had appointed to meet the Sachems and where on Sundays and the 
 other usual feasts the scriptures are read. After this had been done on that day in the forenoon, 
 the inhabitants, who had assembled there, were directed either to remain or to return in the after- 
 noon, that they might report for our better information everything concerning the reasons of 
 their request for assistance and hear from us, what they and we were to do. 
 
 When they had assembled in the afternoon, pursuant to orders, I stated to them, what they 
 saw, namely that at their urgent and repeated requests I had come with the soldiers, numbering 60 
 men, and asked, what in their opinion was now best to do for the welfare of the country generally 
 and for their own greater safety', adding in a few words, that I did not think the present time was 
 favorable, to involve the whole country in a general war on account of the murder, the burning 
 of two small houses and the other complaints about threats, that before now massacres, incen- 
 diary fires, sustained losses, injuries and insults had given us much more reason for immediate 
 i-evenge, which nevertheless we had for prudence's sake deferred to a better time and chance 
 and that, as they knew themselves, now, in summer, with the prospect of a good harvest before 
 us, it was not the proper season to make lad worse, last of all by (jivmg room so hastily to a 
 
New Yorh Hidorical Records. 83 
 
 Hind fear ; that on tlie other side they also knew very well, it was not in our power to protect 
 tlicin and other out-lying farmers, as long as tliey lived separately here and tliere and insisted upon 
 it contrary to the orders of the Company and our well-meant exhortations. They answered, that 
 they had no objections to make, but tliey were now situated so, that they had spent all they were 
 worth on their lands, houses and cattle and that they would be poor, iiidigent and ruined men, if 
 tiiey were now again, as 2 or 3 years ago, obliged to leave their property. This would be the 
 unavoidable consequence, if they could get no assistance and protection against the savages. I 
 told thein then, that no protection was possible, as long as they lived so separate from each other, 
 that it would therefore be for their best and add to their own safety, in fact absolutely necessary, 
 as I thouglit, that they sliould either immediately move together at a suitable place, wiiere I could 
 and would help and assist them with a few soldiers until further arrangements are made, or retreat 
 to tlie Manhattans or Fort Orange with their wives, children, cattle and most easily moved prop- 
 erty, so as to prevent further massacres and mischiefs ; else, if they could not make up their minds 
 to either, but preferred to continue in such a precarious situation, they should not disturb us in 
 future with their reproaches and complaints. Each proposition was discussed, but it would be too 
 tedious to repeat the debates in detail. 
 
 Every one thought it unadvisable and too dangerous to remain in their present condition with- 
 out the assistance and succor of troops; the prospect of a good harvest, so close at hand, the only 
 means, with which they are to clothe and feed themselves and their families during the coming 
 winter, would not admit of abandoning so suitable and fertile lands and of throwing themselves 
 and their families thereby into the most abject poverty. 
 
 The necessity of a concentrated settlement was conceded, although discussion ran high regard- 
 ing this point as well as on account of the time, harvest being so near at hand and it being therefore 
 thought impossible to transplant houses, barns and sheds before it, as on account of the place, 
 where the settlement was to be made, for every one proposed his own place as being most con- 
 veniently located ; to this must be added, that they were to help in inclosing the settlement with 
 palisades, which, they apprehended, coiiM not he done before harvest-time. Therefore they pro- 
 posed and requested very urgently, that the soldiers, whom I had brought up, might remain 
 there till after the harvest, which we considered nnadvisable for many reasons and therefore re- 
 fused peremptorily, insisting upon it, as I did not want to lose time, that tliey should make up 
 their minds without further delay in regard to one of the abovestated propositions and in order to 
 encourage tliem to take the safest and most advantageous step, I promised them, to remain there 
 and assist with my soldiers, until the place for the settlement was inclosed with palisades, provided 
 they went to work immediately before taking up anything else and carried it out, whereupon they 
 finally desired time for consideration until the next day, which I granted. 
 
 On the next day, which was tlie last of May, the aforesaid inhabitants of Esoptis brouglit as 
 answer, that they had agreed unanimonsly and come to the conclusion to make a combined settle- 
 ment, to acquiesce cheerfully and faithfully regarding the spot and arrangements, wliich we were 
 to indicate and prescribe, and they signed immediately the inclosed agreement ; the place was 
 inspected and staked out the same forenoon. 
 
 I have forgotten to mention at the proper place, that some savages, but only few, about 12 or 
 15, made their appearance at the house of Jacob Jansen Stoll yesterday, but there were only two 
 Sachems or chiefs among them ; they said, that the other Sachems and savages could not come 
 before the next day and that some were very much frightened and hardly dared to appear, because 
 there were so many soldiers here and the rcpoi-t was, that many more were to follow. After I 
 had given them verbal promises and assured them, that no harm should happen to them, thoy be- 
 
84 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 came a little more cheerful and satisfied and promised to communicate it to the other savages the 
 same evening, in consequence of which about 50 savages, but few women and children among 
 them, presented themselves at the house of the aforesaid Jacob Jansen in the afternoon. After 
 they had gathered under a tree outside of the enclosure and about a stone's throw from the hedge, 
 I went to them and as soon as we liad sat down, they began according to their customs a long 
 speech through their spokesman, which consisted, as the inhabitants interpreted it to me, in the 
 relation of occurrences, which had happened before my time, especially of the war waged between 
 them and our nation in Mr. Kiefts time, how many of their people had then been killed, 
 which they had i)ut away and forgotten and great many other things having no reference to the 
 matter in hand. "We answered, as was jiroper, that all this had taken place before my time and 
 therefore did not concern me, that they and the other savages had drawn the war upon themselves 
 by killing several Christians, the particulars of which we would not repeat, because, when the 
 peace was made, they had been forgotten and put away by us, (this is one of their customary ex- 
 pressions on such occasions) ; I had them asked by the interpreter, whether since the peace was 
 made, or since my coming and remaining here, the least harm had been done to them or theirs : 
 as they kept a profound silence, I stated to them through Jacob Jansen Stall and upbraided them 
 for the murders, injuries and insults, which I then could remember and which they and other 
 savages had committed against our people during my administration, adding thereto finally what 
 was still in everybody's memory, their latest proceedings in the Esopus, to discover the truth and 
 the anthors of which had induced me to come to the Esojms this time, without as yet having any 
 desire to begin a general war, to punish or do harm and evil to any one, who was innocent of it, 
 if the murderer would be surrendered and the damages for the burned houses paid. To con- 
 vince them hereof still more, I added, that we had not asked them, but they us, to come and settle 
 on the Esoj}U8, that we did not own one foot of their land, for which we had not paid nor did 
 we desire to own it, unless it was paid for. I closed with the question, why then did they commit 
 such murders, burned the houses, killed the hogs and did other injuries and continually threatened 
 the inhabitants of the Ksopus. For their vindication they had little to say, which was to the point, 
 they hung their heads and looked upon the ground ; finally one of the Sachems stood up and said 
 in reply, that the Dutch sold the ^'hoisson'\ that is brandy, to the savages and were consequently 
 the cause, that the savages then became cachexia, that is crazy, mad or drunk and then com- 
 mitted outrages ; that they, the chiefs, could not keep in bounds the young men, who then were 
 spoiling for fight ; that the murder had not been committed by one of their tribe, but by a 
 Newesink savage, who was now living at Ilaverstroo or about there; that the savage, who set 
 fire to the houses, had run away and would henceforth not be permitted to cultivate his laud. 
 As far as they were concerned, they had done no evil, they were not angry nor did they desire 
 or intend to fight, but they had no control over the yonng men. I told them hereupon, that if 
 any of the young men present had a great desire to fight, they might come forward now, I would 
 match man with man, or twenty against thirty, yes even forty, that it was now the proper time 
 for it, but it was not well done to plague, threaten and injure the farmers, their women and chil- 
 dren, who could not fight: if they did not cease doing so in future, then we might find ourselves 
 compelled, to lay in return hands upon old and young, women and children, and try to recover 
 the damages, which we had suffered, without regard to person : we could partly and easily do that 
 now by killing them, capturing their wives and children, and destroying their com and beans ; 
 I would not do it because I had told them and promiseil, that I would do no harm to them 
 now, but I hoped that they would indemnify the owner for the burning of his houses, arrest and 
 surrender the murderer, if he came again to them and do no more evil in future. In closing 
 

 12^^2695. 
 
 T/ir nioMioii.sr 
 
 The Cliiirch ,(■ liumrifj plarc 
 
 ■!/„■ Mi„i.slny llous,' 
 
 The /'/III \f/)iirated / fotitf'iril 
 
 5 riicSiod,, 
 
 6 Tlir Ifmi.sf tvlinf iJif (iiiyernor i.s rnlfiiudi 
 7.7 The Tonn Oalrs 
 
 8.0 The (rales to the'xejiiiidti' fortil'irit jmii 
 
 9 The Jloiise wJifrr ////• /iisl Seniile fli' the State o/' 
 XnyYork s„t u, 1777 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 85 
 
 the conference I stated and informed them of my decision, that to prevent further harm being 
 dune to my people or brandy being sold to them, all my people should move to one place aud live 
 close by each other ; that it would be the best, if thej' were to sell me the whole country of the 
 Empus and move inland or to some other place ; that it was not good, that they lived so near to 
 the Sioannekus, that is white men or Dutch, so that the cattle and hogs of the latter could not run 
 any more into the cornfields of the savages and be killed by them and similar reasonings after the 
 customs of the savages to the same purpose, namely, that they ought to sell me all the land in that 
 vicinity, as they had previously oifered and asked us to do, which they took in further considera- 
 tion, as the day was sinking and so we separated. 
 
 On the first of June we viewed and marked out the place for the settlement ; the savages 
 came in the afternoon aud their chiefs asked again through Jacob Jaiuen Stoll and Thomas Cham- 
 hers, that I would not begin a war with theui on account of the late occurrences, they promised 
 not to do so again, as it had been done, while they were drunk and requested the abovementioned 
 men to speak a good word for them to me. I went to the savages with the aforesaid savages, 
 when they reported this, and they offered me a small present of about or 7 strings of wampum 
 making thereby these two requests : 
 
 First, that they were heartily ashamed as well because of what had happened, l)ut still more 
 Ijecause I had challenged their young men and they had not dared to tight and that tiierefore they 
 requested, not to say anything about it to others. 
 
 Second, that the^' put away now all malice and evil intentions and would du no harm to any- 
 body hereafter. 
 
 I ordered to give them in return a present of two coats and two pieces of duffel, together 
 about four yards, and told them, that I too had put away my anger against their tribe in general. 
 i)ut that the savage, who had killed the man, must be surrendered and that full satisfaction and 
 indemnification must be given to the man, whose houses were burned. 
 
 They answered in regard to the first demand, that it was impossible, because he was a strange 
 savage, who did not live among them, but was roving about the country. 
 
 Concerning the second demand, namely, the payment for the fire, thej' thought, that it should 
 not be asked from the tribe in general, but from the party, who had done it and was now a deserter 
 and dared not return ; as he had a liouse and land on the bank of the Kil and had planted there some 
 Indian corn, thej^ thought, that, if he did not return, this property ought to be attached ; finally, 
 however, they said, that satisfaction sliould be given for it. 
 
 Before separating I stated again to them, that it was my will, that my people should live close 
 to each other for the reasons given before and that we had never taken nor would ever take any- 
 body's land, therefore I asked them again to sell me the land, where the settlement was to bo 
 formed, which they promised to do. 
 
 On Monday, the 3* of June, in tlie morning I began with all the inhabitants and the soldier^; 
 of my command to dig out the moat, to cut palisadoes and haul them up in waggons. Tlie spot 
 marked out for the settlement has a circumference of about 210 rods* and is well adapted bv 
 nature for defensive purposes. At the proper time when necessity requires it, it can be surrounded 
 by water on three sides and it may be enlarged according to the conveniences and the requirements 
 of the present and of future inhabitants, as the inclosed plan will show.f 
 
 On tlie 4'" of Jime I M'ent to work again with all hands, inhabitants and soldiers. For tlie 
 sake of cai-rying on the work with better order and greater 8i)eed I directed a i)arty of soldiers 
 * One Dutch rod is equal to 12 feet, 
 t Missing, the Editor has suVjstitiitcd for it a ropy of a niaj) of Kingston, |MiMislii'd in 1095. 
 
86 Colonial Settlements on th^e Hudson River. 
 
 under Sergeant Christian and some experienced woodcutters to go into the woods and to lielp 
 load the palisades on the waggons, of which there were 6 or 7 ; the others I divided again into two 
 parties of 20 men each, nnder Captain-Lieutenant Neioton resp. Sergeant Andries Lourensen, 
 who were to sharpen the palisades at one end and put them up ; the inhabitants, who were able to 
 do it, were set to digging the moat and continued, as long as the weather and rain permitted. 
 
 Towards evening about 40 or 50 savages came to where we Avere at work, so that I ordered six 
 men from eacih squad to look after their arms. After the working had been stopped they asked 
 to speak to me and stated, that they had agreed to give me the land, which I had desired to buy 
 and on which the settlement was being made, to grease my feet, because 1 had made such a long 
 journey to come and see them : at the same time they repeated their former promises, that they 
 would put away all their evil intentions and that in future none of them would do any harm to 
 the Dutch, but that they would go hand in hand and arm in arm with them, meaning thereby, 
 that they would live like brothers? I answered them becomingly, that we would do the same, if 
 they lived up to their promises. 
 
 On the 5"' and G"' we continued our work and the Company's yacht arrived. As I found my- 
 self in need of several necessaries, especially gunpowder, of which we had not more, than what 
 was in the measures or bandoleers, nor had the yacht received more than two pounds for its own 
 use, and as we were much in need of a few iive and six inches planks for building a guardhouse 
 and some carpenters to help us at our work first and then to assist the inhabitants in erecting their 
 dwellinghouses, after the enclosure had been made, I concluded, in order to promote the one and 
 the other, to go as quickly as possible on the Company's yacht to Fort Orange and was still more 
 forced and encouraged to go by a good south-east wind, which blew all Thursday morning, and by 
 a drizzling cold rain, which promised little prospect of progress for our work on that day. 
 
 On the morning of the 7'" I arrived at Fort Orange, to the surprise of everybody. 
 
 The yacht did not arrive before the S""-, the tide running down so fast, and I shipped on her 
 for account of the Company 160 hemlock boards, 100 five and six inch, iron pins and an anker of 
 brandy for the people working at the Esopus, as none had been put aboard or sent to me nor had 
 I any for my own private use. 
 
 On the 9"" was Pentecost. 
 
 On the afternoon of the 10"' I left again after divine service and pass over for brevity's sake 
 and for other reasons what happened there, as it has no relation to this subject. 
 
 I arrived again at the Esopus in the afternoon of the 12"' and found everybody at his work 
 and two sides completed. The wet and changeable weather had hindered the workers, as they 
 unanimously declared. 
 
 On the IS'*, 14"' and 15"' we were busy making the cast-side and Fredrick Fhillipsen erected 
 with the help of Claes de Ruyter and Thomas Chambers in the north-east comer of the enclosure 
 a guardhouse for the soldiers, 23 feet long and IC feet wide, made of boards, which had been cut 
 during my absence. 
 
 The 16"' was Sunday and after divine service I inspected with the inhabitants the land on the 
 Esopus, which had not been purchased as yet, and found it suitable for about 50 bouweries. 
 
 On the 17"' and IS"" 1 had palisades put up on the northside. This was harder work, because 
 this side could not be made as straight as the others, which the plan will show. 
 
 Four carpenters came also on the 18"", engaged by Mrs. de Hulter to remove her house, barns 
 and sheds and on the 19"' three more, whom I had asked and engaged at Fort Orange to make a 
 l)ridge over the Kil. They were also to helj> the others remove their buildings, for which they 
 had asked me before my departure for Fort Orange. 
 
Heiv Yorlc Historical Reconh. 87 
 
 Further, as the inhabitants were still hauling palisades with their waggons and horses and 
 tliercforc not yet ready to employ the cai-penters immediately and as I had given them a promise 
 at Fort Orange, that they slioiild be employed immediately or else receive free return transporta- 
 tion and daily wages besides, therefore I resolved to have them score some timber for a small house 
 or barn at my own expense ; the ridge of it was to lie on two beams and the people, who could 
 not move their houses so quickly, were at first to be lodged there and afterwards I thought to use 
 it according to circumstances as waggonshed or stable for horses and cows, for I had long intended 
 to begin the cultivation of my bouweries in the Esojms, incited thereto by the fertility of the soil, 
 but prevented so far by tlio audacity of the savages and becaiise the people were so scattered. The 
 last objection having now been removed and thereby, as I hoped, also the first one, I took the 
 aforesaid resolution principally to encourage the good inhabitants, by hazarding my own property 
 together with theirs, to make the settlement and cultivate the ground and to fulfill my former 
 promise, although I was not obliged to do it at present nor would be in a year or two and there- 
 fore the building is made as small and plain as possible, for I thought more of employing the car- 
 penters, who had come there at my request, and of the convenience of the people, than of my own 
 advantage. AVhen the timber had been scored and brought to the spot, my caqienter and others 
 tolil mo, that it would make only a little difference in the costs, if I had a small barn x>f 5 or 6 
 crossbeams made, in case the ridge was laid on two beams, as I said before : I referred tlie carpen- 
 ter's work to the opinion of my carpenter, Fredrick Pliilipscn. 
 
 About noon of the 20"" the sides of the stockade were completed and it was only necessary, 
 to stop up a few apertures, where roots of trees had been in the ground : this was accomplished in 
 good time on that day. 
 
 We might have marched on tlio 21''- or 22'', but the wind was unfavorable and I let the men 
 rest; some helped in breaking down and removing the \\Q\\m& oi Thoinus Chambers aud Jacob 
 Jansen Stall and put up six crossbeams for their barns. 
 
 Towards evening of the 24"' it began to clear up in the northeast and I ordered the Captain- 
 Lieutenant to march off with 36 men, leaving 2tt men under Sergeant Andries Lourensen in the 
 guardhouse ; before departing myself I had some of the Sachems, who live near there, informed 
 of my departure, but that I could easily return ; I reminded them, that, pursuant to their promises, 
 they must leave the inhabitants in peace : the inhabitants would have liked to keep 8 or 10 soldiers 
 more, but I did not consider it necessarj', if they would only be on their guard, for they count 
 themselves 30 fighting men, besides the 25 soldiers and 7 or 8 carpenters, who too are well-armed : 
 they are therefore, in my opinion, perfectly able to ])rotect themselves. 
 
 On the 25"", about noon, we left the Kil, the wind being fair and the soldiers embarked on 
 the Company's yacht ; we were two days coming down and arrived at the Manhattans on the 
 28"'. The Lord be praised for Ilis mercy and blessings on the successful execution of a matter, 
 which every almost approved, as being necessary and honorable to our nation. 
 
 Thus done and delivered at the meeting of the Council at Fort Amsterdam, in N. Netherland, 
 the last of June A" 1658. 
 
 Certificate, that Harmen Jacobsen alias Bajiboes was shot by an Indian at 
 the esopus and brought to amsterdam for interment. 
 (U'" July 1658) 
 
 The Director-General and Council of New- Netherland certify and declare hereby at the 
 
88 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 request of Marretje Pieters, widow of S' Harmen Jacohsen alias Bamhoes, that it is true and 
 correct, that the said Harmen Jacobsen, her late husband, was in the beginning of May last past, 
 while standing in a yacht, which lay off the Esopxis on the Northriver about 18 miles from this 
 place, accidentally shot by a drunken Indian or savage, who stood on the shore opposite the yacht, 
 that he died immediately after and was brought here and buried a few days after. In testimony 
 whereof we have signed this and confirmed it with the impress of our seal. Date as above. 
 
 Letter from Sergeant Louwrens at Esopus to DraECTOR Stuyvesant: the In- 
 dians RENEW THEIR insolence; A SUPPLY OF AMMUNITION IS NEEDED. 
 
 Honorable General, Petrus Stuyvesant, Greeting ! 
 
 May it please your Honor to send me quickly orders, by which I can govern myself, because 
 the savages here are becoming very arrogant and spiteful and have already killed a fine mare of 
 Jacob JanserCs- they are very angry that your Honor had challenged twenty of their men to fight 
 against us and those, who have now returned from the beaverhunt, say, that, if they had been here, 
 they would have accepted the challenge ; they talk about it a great deal every day and to-day 
 about 500 savages are assembled ; their number is constantly increasing, God only knows, what 
 their intentions are : but the Almighty will vouchsafe us what shall be for our safety : I therefore 
 ask, that your E.Kcy. will please to send quickly orders, for Thomas (Chambers) and all the people 
 from over the Kil have not yet come into the Fort with their dwellings and I cannot well compel 
 them. I pray, that your Exey. will please to send orders about it as quickly as possible, for I am 
 of opinion, that it is necessary, that we should all be together and further, that the Hon""' General 
 will please to provide us as quickly as possible with a much needed supply of ammunition, upon 
 which I rely and commending your Excy. to the protection of the All-High, I am and remain 
 Great Aesojms Your Excy's obedient and 
 
 the 8"' of August faithful servant 
 
 An° 1658. Andries Louweens. 
 
 To the Worshipful 
 
 Kigorous, His Honor 
 
 Petrus Stuyvesant 
 
 in the City of Amsterdam. 
 
 Minute of the Council for Fort Orange. Appearance in court of 15 Mo- 
 hawk Sachems with a French prisoner, whom they desire to return to 
 the Governor of Teois Rivieres. 
 
 (Albany City Records.) 
 Present Lamontagne Extraordinary Session 
 
 Pieter Hartgers held at Fort Orange on the 
 
 Jan Tomassen 13"" day of August 1658. 
 
 Francoys Boon 
 Adria/n Gerritsen 
 Pirch Janssen Croon. 
 
 Before the Court appeared the eldest Sachems of the Maquas, 15 In number, who brought 
 
Netv York Historical Records. 89 
 
 with tbem a Frenchman, Louis Parraget by name : they declared, tliat they desired to surrender 
 him with two other prisoners to the French Governor at Trovi Rivieres in Canada in exchange 
 for six of their people, who had been taken prisoners by the French and that they were willing to 
 make a general peace with the French, asking for this purpose, that we might assist tbem by lend- 
 ing them one of our men, who could talk French. 
 
 The Court answered to this request, they were glad, that they desired to rctui-u the Frcucli 
 jirisoners and they hoped, that they (the Maquas) also would get back their people, but they tiid 
 not know whether anybody could be found here, who would undertake such a journey. 
 
 The aforesaid Maquas replied hereto, that at the time of the war against the savages they had 
 gone down to the Manhattans and bad done their best to preserve peace, therefore we too were 
 in duty bound to do the same for them, while they promise to exert themselves in future as medi. 
 ators between us and other savages. 
 
 The Court thereupon summoned immediately the crier and had it proclaimed, that if anybody 
 would undertake such a journey, be should receive for his troubles one hundred guilders. Pursu- 
 ant to this proclamation Hendrich Martensen offered his services to the Court, which pleased tlie 
 savages very much and they expressed their joy by all kinds of gestures. 
 
 The aforesaid Ilendrick Martensen was despatched on the 16"' inst. to Canada with the Ma- 
 quas, who promised to bring him back in 40 days. The following letter was given him : 
 
 A Monsieur 
 
 Monsieur De la Poterie, Gouverneur 
 
 des Trots Rivieres 
 
 En la Nouvelle France. 
 Monsieur. 
 
 The Indians, which our people call Maquas and your people call Irroquoys, have come 
 here bringing with them a Frenchman, called Louys Pai'aget, whom (as they have told us) they 
 desire with two others to bring back there and surrender to you in exchange for six of their peo- 
 })le, whom you hold as prisoners : at the same time they desire to make a general peace with all 
 the Indians in your country and as they dare not do it of their own accord, they have asked me 
 instantly to assist them with somebody, who knows the French language, to make use of him for 
 that pui-pose : I could not very well refuse it for fear of preventing or spoiling the chances of so 
 laudable an object. This is the reason, why I have sent this soldier, the bearer liereof, Henry 
 3Iartin by name, to serve them in this matter according to his ability. I hope your Lordship will 
 tind acceptable what I have done; it results only from good intentions and affection. In the 
 meantime I remain with my dutiful salutations 
 Fort Orange 15"' Aug A" 1658. Your very humble and obedient servant 
 
 La Montagne. 
 
 Letter from Sergeant Andeies Louwrens to Director Stutvesant: failure 
 of the crops ; movements of the Indians. 
 (The first nine lines are gone.) 
 
 The harvest turns out a very poor one, so that T/iomas, Jacob and companion liave brought 
 iu only about one half of their wheat, while Comelis Slecht has not gathered anything yet : it 
 12 
 
90 
 
 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 must therefore be feared, as the grain begins to grow on the field througli the continuous rain 
 (God may prevent it), that only little grain shall be won this year. Concerning the gathering of 
 the savages, they separated about two or three days after I sent the last letter. It is rumored 
 among tlieni, that they Avould return in a day or two and go to war with the Morahicanders, but 
 God only knows, what will come of it. On the 21" of August two MoAjuaes Sachems came here, 
 but I cannot yet hear, what their intentions M'ero ; the soldiers here are still iu good spirits and 
 health, except Gerrit vaji Campen. Herewith closing I commend your Excy. and family after 
 sincere salutations to the protection of the Almighty and remain 
 Great Aesopus, 
 
 the 26"" of August Your Excy's faithful and 
 
 An° 1658. obedient servant 
 
 Andries Lodwrensen. 
 To the Noble, Worshipful Wise, Prudent, Eigorous His Honor Petrus Stuyvesant Director-Gen- 
 eral of J^. Netherlands Curacao, Bonayro and dependencies, residing in the City of N. Am- 
 sterdam. 
 
 Complaint against Chris. Davidsen, a native of England, for spreading a 
 
 FALSE report AMONG THE IIlGHLAND InDIANS. 
 
 (Albany City Records). 
 
 Extraordinary Session 
 held at Fort Orange on 
 The Hon'="' Commander PItff. against the 3^ of September A° 1658. 
 
 Christoffel Davidsen, Deft. 
 
 Plaintiff says, that an affidavit, made at the Esopus, has been handed to him, according to 
 which Defendant came from the Manhatans in the yacht of Eoert Pels and, when they were in 
 the Highlands, said to two savages, who had come on board, that the Sachem, meaning the Hon''''' 
 General, had killed at the Manhatans 4 savages and that he would come to the Esopus during 
 the following night and break the necks of all tlie savages there, whereupon the savages of the 
 Esopus took some Christians prisoners and committed a great deal of mischief. The Hon"'" 
 Phiintlii asks therefore, that Defendant be examined by an interrogatory. 
 
 Interrogatory held with Christoffel Davidsen at 
 the requisition of tlie Hon''"' Commander in pres- 
 ence of the Commissaries of the District. 
 
 1. 1- 
 
 Answer : 42 years and born in England, How old and where were you bora ? 
 
 Answer: No, but that he had said to the sav- 
 ages, who came on board : I do not know any- 
 thing about it. 
 
 Whether, coming from the Manhatans and 
 while in the Highlands, he had not called out 
 or said, that the Dutch had killed many sava- 
 ges at the Manhatans in the night of the 23'' 
 of August and would come to the Esopus dur- 
 ing the following night, to break the necks of 
 the savages there. 
 
New Yorh Historical litcords. 91 
 
 Defendant pleads not guilty and produces two affidavits, one from Ilenderick van Bych and 
 one from Dirck Jansen, a skipper, who attest, that, while they were in the Highlands, two sava- 
 ges eame on board, who asked Christoffel Davids, whether the Sachem would come and kill all 
 tlie savages in the Fsojjus and the Higldands and Christoffel Davids answered : I know nothing 
 about it. 
 
 Letter fkom Andries vAff der Sluys to the Director requesting to be ap- 
 pointed PRECENTOR AND SCHOOLMASTER AT EsOPUS. 
 
 Honorable General Petrus Stuyvesant. 
 
 The object of these few lines is to request your Excy. most humbly, that your Excy. will 
 ]>lease to inform mc, whether your Excy. has not been informed in regard to the office of pre- 
 centor, which was given to me by the Noble Lords-Directors of the Privileged West-India Com- 
 pany, as your Excellency saw and read in the extract. I need the said position very much to 
 support myself, my wife and child with decency, whereas the present prospect is very bad and 
 besides I have suffered great loss here on the strand during the last troubles, which brings us 
 young people mucli behindhand. The inhabitants here would like to keep me in the office, to 
 proclaim the Lord's gospel according to my ability and catechise the children and teach them read- 
 ing and writing: but because the Hon"'* General has spoken with them about a preacher, therefore 
 tliey dare not or cannot engage me for several years. I request therefore most humbly and sub- 
 missively, that the Hon''" General will please to assist me in one way or the other, that I may 
 iionorably make my way through the world by these means and with God's assistance ; awaiting 
 hereupon your Excy' favorable reply in as short a time as possible and commending your Excy. 
 after sincere salutations to the protection of the Almighty I am and remain 
 Great Esopus Your Excy" faithful and obedient servant 
 
 the 28"" September Anukies van der Sluys. 
 
 An" 1658. 
 
 To His Noble Honor, 
 the Director-General 
 Petrus Stuyvesant 
 residing in the 
 
 City of N. Amsterdam. 
 by a friend. 
 
 Letter from Sergeant Andries Louwrens at Esopus to Director Stuyvesant: 
 
 THE BRIDGE SWEPT AWAY ; FAILURE OF THE OATS CROP : StUYVESANt's FARM. 
 
 Honorable General Petrus Stuyvesant. 
 
 This serves as answer to your Excellency's last letter of the 23'' of September. The bridge 
 has been swept away with the exception of one beam, so that it cannot be repaired and the 
 farmers say, that it will not suit them to begin making a new one before winter. 
 
 I cannot inform your Excy. for what purpose the savages brought the wampum to the Chris- 
 tians, except in giving the statement, which they have made. 
 
92 Colonial Settlements on the Hiulson River. 
 
 I have spoken with Jacob Jansen and Thomas Chainhers about the feeding of the horses ; 
 they answered, that tliey could accommodate your Excy. witli long fodder, but they have no oats 
 whatever, as the worm has destroyed it and they have not harvested any oats. If your Excy. is 
 satisfied with it, then please to send up the horses. 
 
 As to Jiirryen Westfalen, he thinks, he will come down by the first opportunity and see, 
 whether he can agree with your Excy. about the rent of tlie farm here, but that the oxen would 
 be of no service to hiui at present ; he will speak about it more in detail with your Excellency. 
 
 Please to inform me by the first chance, how it shall be held with the barn, for it stands just 
 as at the time, when your Excy. left here. I have got people to mow reeds and Jurryen Westfa- 
 len is willing to put up the roof ; the reed-cutters demand 30 stivers for mowing the marsh : I 
 expect your Excy' orders in tliis regard as soon as possible. 
 
 The Hon""' General will also please to remember our provisions, also bricks for the guard- 
 house, for a chimney is much needed. Closing herewith I commend your Excy. to the protection 
 of the Almighty and am and remain 
 
 Great Aesopus, Your Excy' faithful and obedient servant, 
 
 the 28"' September in the name of 
 
 An" 1658. Andeies Louweensen. 
 
 Minutes of the Court at Foet Oeange. Attendance of the Mohawks to 
 inquire for the frenchman, whom they had brought on the is'"' of au- 
 GUST AND ASKING FOR AN INTEEPEETER, WHO COULD GO WITH THEM TO CaNAUA 
 TO MAKE A PEACE WITH THE FeENCH. 
 
 (Albany City Records.) 
 Present Commissary Lainontofjne Extraordinary Session held at 
 
 Jan Tomassen. Fort Orange on the S'" of Oc- 
 
 Pieter Hartgers tober An" 1658. 
 
 Adriaen Gerritsen. 
 
 Before the Court appeared the Sachems of the three Maquas Castles with Saciadcgo as 
 speaker and they made the following requests : 
 
 First, that we should tell them, whether we knew, where the Frenchman was now, who 
 came here with them the last time. 
 
 Second, whether we knew, that they had not killed that Frenchman. 
 
 Third. They asked, that we should write to the Governor of Canada, that they had not 
 killed that Frenchman. 
 
 Fourth. Whether Commissary La Montagne would not go with them to Canada to make 
 their peace with the French. 
 
 The Court answered to these questions or propositions, first, they did not know where that 
 Frenchman was now. 
 
 Second, that they had not heard, they had killed him. 
 
 Third, they were willing to write to that eflect. 
 
 To the fourth proposition : that the Commissary had been appointed to look after this place 
 and therefore could not leave it without consent of the Great Sachem. 
 
 Hereupon they asked, that we would provide them with a man, who understood French and 
 
New York Historical Records. 93 
 
 also with a letter to the Governor of Canada. This was promised to them and Jacob Begyti, a 
 h^oldier, offered immediately his services. He went with them oa the 9"" inst. and took a letter to 
 that effect. 
 
 Minute of the Dieectok-Genekal's departure for the Esopus. (His second visit there) 
 
 (9"- October 1658) 
 
 To-day, the Honorable Director-General Pctrns Stuyvesant left with about 50 men for the 
 Esopus, to see whether the Indians had made good the losses cansed by them, according to their 
 promises, given when the Honorable General was there the last tune. Date as above. 
 
 Proposals made to the Esopus Indians and their answers. 
 Ifi58, 15"^ October. 
 
 On the IS"" October we called up and there appeared at the house of Thomas Chamber's, a 
 resident at the Esopus, several Sachems or chiefs of the savages, namely Pappequahen, Preuwa- 
 mackan and Nachchamatt. to whom the following propositions were made in the presence of Cap- 
 tain Martyn Cregier, Schepen P icier Wolphertsen, Pieter Cornelissen van der Veen, Augustyn 
 ITeermans and others : 
 
 First, whether they were authorized and willing to execute, what they should agree upon in 
 behalf of the other chiefs of this place, called Esopus, with the Director-General, the Sachem and 
 chief of all the Dutch ; to which they answered, that, what they did and promised, would be car- 
 ried out. 
 
 2'^. They were then asked, what were the names of the other chiefs of the Esopus, for whom 
 they answered, so that we might know, with which and how many chiefs we made the compact. 
 Sewackenaem, Caelcop, Pem.irawachgink, Juhoeron were named. 
 
 3. Then the affronts and injuries, which they had done to our Christians, were again repre- 
 sented to them, as it had been done in the month of May, to wit : that they or their tribe had 
 killed two horses of the widow Ilulter. 
 
 That about a year or eighteen months ago they had wounded with a hatchet one Jacob Adri- 
 aensen on the head, while in his own house, in consequence of which he is still blind on one eye 
 and they had also mortally wounded his little child. 
 
 That since the spring they had burned his house and plundered his goods, also killed a Dutch- 
 man on one of the sloops. 
 
 That they had stolen and taken with them from the aforesaid burned house some duffels and 
 shirts of Adriaen van der Sluys. 
 
 That they had compelled the farmers, namely Cornelis Barentsen Slecht, to plough their land 
 for corn and had threatened to burn his house, in case he should refuse, taking a firebrand for that 
 jiurpose and running up under the roof to tire the barn. 
 
 That they had e.xtorted at different times new payments from the Dutch, who had bought 
 land from them and had paid for it according to the bill of sale and had inflicted many more threats, 
 atlVonts and damages upon our nation, which have been the cause, thai the people have been obliged 
 
04 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 to pull down their houses and to move close together and that the Director-General has been forced 
 to inclose this place by palisades with great labor and expenses and to send and keep here so many 
 soldiers. 
 
 That since they have killed again, contrary to their promise, a horse and several hogs, belonging 
 to Jacob Ilaj?, for all which losses and damages caused by them, premier satisfaction is demanded 
 or else we shall be compelled to look for it and time was given them to consult about it until to- 
 morrow, provided they would promise to give an answer to-morrow ; if they did not do this, but 
 were to flee, they would give us cause to think and believe, that they did not wish to give us satis- 
 faction and therefore intended mischief. 
 
 First, the land from the Esojms so far as I have viewed it, is demanded for the expenses and 
 troubles incurred by the Director-General in coming here and establishing this fort, also because 
 the farmers have had to pull down their houses. 
 
 For Hulter's horses we demand, that they should be satisfied with the payment once made 
 for tlie land and not trouble his widow again about another payment. 
 
 They shall give within one year one hundred strings of wampum for the house of Jacob Neus, 
 for the killing of Jacob JanserCs horse 60 strings of wampum. 
 
 For Andries van der Slays forty strings. 
 
 After the aforesaid propositions and demands had been stated to the said chiefs, they tried to 
 avail themselves of many subterfuges and told a long tale of what had happened long years ago, 
 before our time, in and before the last war, when, as they said, they had suffered great losses and 
 had lost many of their friends in the wars ; for which they had received no satisfaction, but now 
 one ought to be balanced with the other and people ought to live in friendship ; they added hereto 
 by their interpreter, that the demands had surprised them and they asked for time to consult with 
 others of their friends and fellow-chiefs who were out hunting, before they could give an answer ; 
 this was absolutely refused, as in tlieir reply to the foregoing second proposition they had abso- 
 lutely declared themselves to be qualified and authorized for what they should contract and transact 
 with us ; we therefore persisted in the demands made by us and in the last proposition to wit, that 
 they should promptly answer now and declare themselves, whether they would give us proper 
 satisfaction or not, the answer to which was only Yes or No ; wliereupon after many discussions 
 they requested to consult over night, promising to come again the next day ; this was granted to 
 them. 
 
 On the 16"", at about one or two o'clock in the afternoon, they stated, according to promise, 
 thi'ough Jacob Jansen iStoll and Thomas Chambers, both residents at the Esojms, that they were 
 inclined to peace and friendship, they would give also fair satisfaction, but our demands were too 
 great and they are badly provided with wampum ; they offer first, in compensation for the killing 
 of Widow Hulters horses, to desist from their claims for payment as to one half of the land, 
 whereupon we informed them by the said interpreters, that the offer concerned onl}- the Widow 
 Ilulter, that neither I nor the other parties in interest were satisfied with it ; when this had been 
 communicated to them, they repeated, that they had no wampum, but if the demanded large tract 
 of land would satisfy me, they would give and convey it to mo : I had them answered upon this 
 last offer, that it would satisfy me, but that the three other interested parties, namely Jacob Jansen 
 Stol, Jacob Andriesen and Andries va7i der Slui/s did not receive any satisfaction nor compensa- 
 tion by it and therefore I liad them asked a third time, wliether, as they said, they had now no 
 wampum, they would not satisfy the aforesaid persons hereafter, that then I should be satisfied 
 and talk and treat with them about the continuation of our friendship, whereupon they stated the 
 followinsj accordiuir to their custom. 
 
New York Historical Records. 95 
 
 1" As to the land of the Widow Hulter, they surrendered it to nie for the killing of her two 
 horses and would not demand any further payment for it. 
 
 2'' They give a beaver and say, that it was sent here by the Southern Indians for the purpose, 
 that they should not begin a war with the Dutch, but live in friendship with them, which they 
 were inclined to do. 
 
 3'' They say, that the Mimj^uaes will come into our land in the summer and when they see, 
 that there is everywhere peace between the Dutch and the savages, then they will come with all 
 their beavers to Stuyvesanf s land to trade there and with nobody else; they give a beaver. 
 
 4"" They say, that the Minquaes had told thera, the Dutch measured the powder by snuff- 
 boxes, they would be very glad, if it were measured to thera by the handful, they would then bring 
 many beavers ; they give a beaver. 
 
 5"" They say, the Minquaes had told them, you are our subjects and have to submit to us or 
 hide yourselves, as we also have to submit to the Dutch or hide ; why will you fight against the 
 Duteh f they give a beaver. 
 
 G"" They give a string of wampum, saying, that the Minquaes and the Sinnekes of the first 
 castle say, they would like to have powder and lead from the Dutch to shoot deer with and trade 
 these to the Dutch. 
 
 7"" They give a short string of wampum, saying, that they desire to inform me, that a horse 
 of Jacob Jansen Stall has been in their corn-field and has damaged two plantings and a boy came 
 and has killed it, for which they gave to Jacob Jansen 70 strings of wampum, but they do not 
 give this small string on that account, only that the soldiers should leave them in peace, when they 
 come to this place and not beat them. 
 
 As the foregoing statement made by them did not agree with that, which they had first made 
 to the interpreters Jacob Jansen llap and Thomas Chambers and had asked, I should be informed 
 of, I asked them tlirough the said interpreters, whether they intended to satisfy me thereby and 
 whether it was this, which they had first offered through the interpreters regarding the land ; 
 whereupon they answered, that one of their fellow-chiefs, called Poenap, the greatest landowner, 
 had gone to Fort Orange and that Caelcop, who had been here with them yesterday, had not come 
 now, they could therefore do nothing herein, but would come again with the said chief to-morrow 
 morning and give a conclusive answer, which although I thought to be a subterfuge onl}', to gain 
 time either until my departure or until the arrival of other savages, yet to give them full measure, 
 I allowed them this delay until to-morrow, notwithstanding that the wind was favorable and my 
 departure necessary. 
 
 As the savages did not come on the IS"' according to their promise, I asked Jacob Jansen ILq? 
 and Marten Metselaer (the mason) whether they would not go to the houses of the savages to recon- 
 noitre, whether they were there still and then to ask what conclusion they had coine to, whether 
 they would give satisfaction or not. They i-eturned about noon and brought as answer, that the 
 said chiefs had made game of them and had plainly said, they had no intention of giving satisfac- 
 tion, as they considered what they had done of no consequence. Therefore I judged it best for the 
 present to depart as soon as possible and to leave there until further resolutions and order the ensign 
 Dirck Smith with 50 men and the following instructions. 
 
 Instructions for Ensign Dirck Smith 
 First. He shall join to the old garrison 25 men from the military brought up here, so that 
 they will number 50 men and he is to have the supreme command and authority over them until 
 our further orders and give out the countersign and put and keep everything in good order. 
 
96 Colomal Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Second. "With the assistance of the inliabitants he shall immediately make secure the inclosed 
 place, mount a proper guard at the two gates and the guardhouse in daytime as well as at night, 
 not allow any savage to pass through except upon permission of Jacob Jansen Stall and Thmnas 
 Chamhers. 
 
 Third. Until further resolution and order he shall not act hostilely against the savages, unless 
 they begin first and harm the Christians, in which case he, with the advice of the said Stoll and 
 Chambers and the assistance of the inhabitants, shall attack defensively, apprehend, resist and 
 pursue the savages, as the occasion may require always being well on his guard and lookout, to 
 keep this place garrisoned by some men. 
 
 Fourth. The ploughing and sowing shall proceed and be kept up as far as possible and for the 
 iiresent only when a guard of about 20 or 25 men under the command of a sergeant can be given, 
 according to the decision of the inhabitants each on his own land or all working together, to pro- 
 tect them against the hostilities of the savages ; the inhabitants besides must take their arms with 
 them, that in case of attack they may make a better stand against the savages. 
 
 Fifth and last. He shall, except during the ploughing and sowing, keep liis men as close to- 
 gether as possible, without granting leave to one to run here and to the other there or detaching 
 them. Thus given until further resolution and order at the Esopus, the IS"" of October, 1658. 
 
 Letter of Jacob Jansen Stoll to Dieectoe Stuyvesant; the Indians do not 
 sureendee the land aocoeding to agreement. 
 
 Honorable, Wise and Very Valiant Sir, Mr. Petrus Stuyvesant, Greeting! I have at present 
 nothing to write to your Honor, except that the savages promise us daily with a good deal of talk, 
 that they will come from day to day and give us tlieir decision and it does not go further. Now, 
 on the 28"" October, they have promised me to be here at noon and announce us their intentions ; 
 as Monsieur Montanie was here at the Kil and we did not think it worth while to detain the 
 sloops anv longer, because they lie so much to us, we shall not wait for a sloop, but send down a 
 canoe to inform your Honor as soon as we have been informed by tliem. We trust, that pursuant 
 to orders, they will finally give up the land, of which your Honor knows. In the haste I know 
 at present nothing more to write to your Honor, except to recommend your Honor to God's 
 mercy and to send my sincere greetings, remaining 
 
 Your Honor's faithful servant and subject 
 Actimi Great Esopus Jacob Jans en Stoll. 
 
 the 28'" October A" 1658. 
 
 To the Honorable, Wise and Very Valiant, his Honor Petrus Stuyvesani, General for the 
 Privileged West-India Company, at Manatans in the F&rt Amsterdam, 
 
 LeITEE from THE SAME TO THE SAME*. THE InDIANS HAVE MADE A CONVEYANCE OF 
 THE TRACT OF LAND, AS AGREED AND ASK FOR A RETURN-PRESENT. 
 
 Honorable, Wise and Very Valiant Sir, Petrus Stuyvesant, Greeting ! 
 Whereas on tlie 28"' of October of the present year the Soojnis Sachems or right owners of a 
 
New YorTc Historical Records. 97 
 
 certain iiicfC ni land, wliii/li your Hoiicir well knows of, namely the large traet spoken of liv your 
 Honor, eauie to my house and have <^\wa\ one half of it as a present to me in reeompeiisation of what 
 they have done, saying they hoped, that now they need fear nothing and the soldiers would lay 
 down their arms and live as good friends ought, and that it is not always their fault but also the 
 fault of those, who sold intoxicating liquors to them, further that they were ashamed now before 
 other savages, who might upbraid them, that they had given away their land to the Dutch for 
 fear and saying on the other side, that they had now satisfied the General and would discover by 
 this grand present, what the heart of our Sachem said, whether he would not make some presents 
 to them in return, whereby they could see, that there were no more doubts or dangers for them 
 and when this was done, they should make a present of land to him, as it is an established custom 
 with them ; that should then be a sign of solid peace and they would do all possible favors to us, 
 either in bringing a good trade in beavers or otherwise, whereby they could be of service to us, 
 but we should endeavor to be provided with everything; they would go to hunt many beavers in 
 the spring or during the winter and would then pass by Fort Orange and come witli their trade 
 to us. 
 
 And that we should not lie to them, but that they might firmly rely on our word, as our Sa- 
 chems may now firmly trust to them and shall see, that after this time we shall do no more harm 
 to the Dutch neither to their cattle nor otherwise, therefore the land shall be given as a present to 
 the Honorable General in proof hereof, under the condition, that they request and would like to 
 see, that it should soon be inhabited, so that they might be supplied with everything, not in the 
 manner, in which as they say, the late Johan De Hulter did it, who fenced in the land and then 
 let it lie unused ; they do not like that, but desire to have it inhabited so that many Dxitch may 
 come here ; they could see that we try to live in friendship ; they said, they liked to see the 
 ]>loughs work and no soldiers. 
 
 Further, Honorable General, we ought. Christian like, give them some presents in return, as 
 they make such fine promises, which could be done easily. The proverb says, " a child's hand is 
 soon filled " ; your Honor could also easily fill their hands, upon wliich they sincerely rely and say 
 as before, they will see thereby your Honor's good heart and be assm-ed, that your Honor forgives 
 their misconduct and says "quits". We therefore replied to them, that they should have some- 
 thing either next spring or during this fall and otherwise the last mistake may be worse than the 
 first. 
 
 Then we went, three of us, to the land and on the 29"' had them show us, how much and which 
 parts they intended to keep for themselves; there are some plantations, but of little value; it is a 
 matter of one or two pieces of cloth, then they will surrender the whole piece and remove. Closing 
 herewith I commend your Honor to the protection of the Almighty remaining Your Honor's 
 faithful servant and subject 
 
 Great Scopus Jacob Jansen Stoll. 
 
 29"' October A" 1658. 
 
 All this talking has been done with dry lips. Your Honor may imagine, how zealously we 
 have sat here with these kings, but we hope, your Honor will remember his servants and give us 
 something good for our lungs, which we could apply ourselves, if we had it. 
 
 Jacob Jansen Stoll 
 
 TUOMAS CuAMBEKS. 
 
 Done as above Deeok Smidt, Ensign. 
 
 13 
 
98 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson liiver. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant and his 
 council; they approve of the proceedings at the Esopus and will send 
 clergymen to supply the want of preachers. 13^" Febe^ 1659. 
 
 "We are well pleased with the commissioning of the Director-General to the Ksopus to curb 
 They are well the boldness of the savages and with his proceedings there, for the drawing to- 
 
 pieased with the gether of the inhabitants is the safest and best way for their protection and defense 
 ce'eding"*at the"° ^"^^ therefore it must be done at all occasions and in all settlements of outlying 
 Esopus. farmers in the open country, as we also think, like your Honors, that it is more 
 
 reputable and safer to employ, in case of a punishment to be inflicted on this or other tribes, the 
 help of your own subjects as well as the assistance of some allied savages. The matter is left 
 altogether to your Honors to do on such occasions, the best and safest and at the proper time. 
 
 The report made by the Director in his aforesaid letter in regard to the bad condition of the 
 public church-service in the open country on account of the lack of preachers and that the same 
 troubles may take place in the villages there, has been so conceived by us, that we have considered 
 his proposition to be well founded and of importance and therefore intend to look out here for two 
 suitable and pious candidates, who shall be sent there in due time and occasion. Arrived there, 
 they are to be placed by your Honore, where they may be of service and needed. But as the Com- 
 pany's treasury and revenues are consumed and diminished by such charges, your Honors must 
 arrange to have them paid in the most convenient manner by the community, as we told your 
 Honors several times before. 
 
 Action about a Bridge at Esopus. Court- Minutes of Fobt Orange, April 5''° 1659. 
 
 Cornelis Woutersen ag' Mrs. Johanna de Laet, wife of Jeronimus Ehhingh. 
 
 Plaintiff demands payment of fl 275 for making the bridge at the Esopus, for which Defend- 
 ant has promised to pay and offers to prove it by Geert Ilendricksen and Jan Barentsen, whose 
 testimony he produces. 
 
 Philipp Pieterse Schuyler, as attorney of Defendant, requests to have the case adjourned 
 until the return of Defendant and her husband. 
 
 The Court having heard the witnesses and read their testimony, from which it appears, that 
 Defendant has been talking with Plaintiff in regard to the bridge, and not knowing, whether a 
 later contract may not have been made between the parties, consents to adjourn the case, until 
 Defendant or her husband should next come up here, without prejudice to the claims and rights 
 of either party. 
 
New York Uidorical Records. 99 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant; in re- 
 gard TO COPPER MINES IN THE NeVERSINGHS AND A CRYSTAL MOUNTAIN IN THE 
 
 Catskils. 25'"* April 1050. 
 
 We have lately been shown a small piece of mineral, which is said to have come from New- 
 Neilurlmul and which we found to be good and pure copper, so that we have thought it wortii 
 while to hear Claes de Ruyter about it, a person who showed that he was not ignorant of it and 
 consequently demonstrated, that a cojjper-niine was said to be in the Nevesinks, also that there 
 was lying between the Manhattans and the South-river a crystal mountain, of which he says he 
 Ijrought several specimens, as your Honors will be able to hear from him in detail, as he at least 
 is going over again. Your Honors are therefore earnestly desired, to inform yourselves well hereof 
 and send us, if possible, samples of the one or the other by the first ship, to ascertain here their 
 quality and worth, as we are sure that the pojiulation there will increase upon the discovery of 
 such minerals and in consequence also the country will so much sooner gain in jirosperity and 
 influence. 
 
 Gerrit Jansen Kuyper and Abel de Wolf have also requested us, that such lands and min- 
 erals might be granted to them (as we conceive situate near the Esopus Kil in and about the high 
 Vatskd Mountains), as may be allotted to them there by Gerrit BaancJcer and Ilarmen Vedders. 
 And as the aforesaid petition is not unreasonable but just and equitable, therefore we have resolved 
 to direct your Honors herewith and to recommend that the said lands and minerals be vested in 
 these parties, as they shall show and elect, provided however that they are not owned and held by 
 anybody else, and this under such conditions and obligations as they are now made there by the 
 Company and by which they have to govern themselves. 
 
 LiciTER FROM Serge.vnt Andries Laurensen to Director Stuyvesaut on affairs at the Esopl's. 
 
 Laus Deo semper. 
 
 I beg to inform his Honor, the General, by these few lines, that I have received the goods 
 on the 20"' of May, 2 barrels of meat, one barrel of bacon, 50 jtounds of powder, 915 bullets, 
 11 musket-matches, 4 ells of duffels and the weights, 6 kettles, and the corn, when measured, was 
 found to be 29J. I have heard from jUidries van der Sluys and Jacoh Jansen Stall, that your 
 Honor had promised some presents to the Indians, that the Indians are said to murmur on that 
 account. I have heard on Ascension day, that the aforesaid persons have left, that the savages 
 intend to build a fort on the land, which they have given to your Honor, God knows, whether it 
 is true. Geonje Westphal does his best to plough the land and fence it ; I have lent him fiO pounds 
 of bacon, as he needed provisions. Tiie oats are in the ground, all which your Honor has sent, 
 the spring-wheat came too late and the land is fenced nearly all the way round, the ploughing con- 
 tinues, since your Honor has sent the oxen. The oxen, in which your Honor is privately inter- 
 ested, draw well. He has sold his cows by order of your Honor. I have delivered the iron and 
 ropes, which your Honor had sent. No more at present, except to commend your Honor to the 
 protection of the Almighty God. Signatum Aesopiis, the 24"' May Anno l(i59. 
 
 Your Honor's servant Andreis Laurens. 
 
100 Colonial Settlements on the Hadnon River. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Director- General and Council to the Dirpxt- 
 ORS IN Holland ; nothing is known of a Coppermine ln the Neveslnghs, bot 
 
 THEY WILL try TO GET INFORMATION AND SAMPLES. 23"* JuLY 1659. 
 ****** 
 
 We learn witli astonishment from your Honors' letter of tlie report made there by Claes de 
 Buyter, of a Coppermine in the Newesirujhs and of the request of Gerrit Jansen Kuyper and Abel 
 de Wolff ^% neither before nor since any communications in this regard have been made to us nor 
 any petition been presented: if it should be done hereafter, your Honors' orders in this respect 
 will be obeyed. The shortness of time, the distance of the places, the inconveniences of the season, 
 for the land is now every^vhere covered with high bushes, which make the passage impracticable 
 at this season of the year, prevent for the present to get some samples of the minerals, agreeably 
 to your Honors' orders and to send them to your Honors by these ships. We shall have better 
 time and opportunity to look for them either late in the fall or early next spring, when the woods 
 and the hills are burned over and cleared of brushes, and if the good God gives us life we shall 
 then not fail to make inquiries and send your Honors samples of the discovered minerals. 
 
 Letter of Serge.vnt Andries Laurensen to Director Stuyvesant ; he reports 
 THE Indians are dissatisfied and the crops have to be cut under an armed 
 
 GUARD. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant and Worshipful Sir ! 
 Honorable Peter Stuyvesant, Greeting ! 
 
 These hasty lines are to inform .your Honor, what the savages intended to do with us, as on 
 the 29"" of July A° 1659 we were warned by a certain Maquaes, called Amiros, to be on our 
 guard, because, he said, the savages about here were looking out for us, as it was close to harvest- 
 time, they intended to murder us; also from another side, a certain southern savage said the same 
 and we, having been warned, keep together good watch ; besides we have heard from Claes de 
 Ruyter's own mouth, that he stated in presence of Jacob Jansen Stoll, that he had been advised 
 at Little Soojms not to come in here, because the savages intended to go to war. We therefore 
 decided and have resolved with the farmers, to mow and bring in the corn all together. After a 
 general consent had been given hereto, Comelis Slecht and Willem Jansen went to their own fields 
 and barns and broke the resolution without giving notice to anybody and consider their treacliery 
 to be nothing and not worth mentioning, but Jacob Janseii's people, Thomas Siamier {Chambers), 
 Pieter Bircksen and Jurgen Westval help each other ; to them I have given a detail of soldiers as 
 guard in the country, until your Honor, the General, shall come here himself, for we were told by 
 Claes de Ruytcr that we may expect your Honor soon. I commend your Honor in haste to the 
 protection of the Almighty and remain your Honor's faithful servant by name 
 Great Soopus, i"^"" Aug 1659. Andries Lourissen. 
 
 To the Honorable, Wise and Very Valiant Sir, tlio Honorable General Petrus Stuyvesant at 
 
 Fort New-Amsterdam 
 Manhatans. 
 
New Yorh Historical Mecords. 101 
 
 Minutes of the Court of Fokt Orange. Arrival of Major General Will- 
 iam IIa-\vthorn and Captain John Pinchon, proposing to take up land East 
 OF Wappingers Creek. 
 
 On the •t'" August [1659] appeared at Fort Orange before the Commissary and Magistrates 
 Major-Geueral William Hawthorn and Capt. John Pinchon who declare to have come here from 
 Hartford., to open friendship and correspondence with us, also to supply this place with cattle and 
 that they had found a convenient place, to facilitate it, at a village five Dutch miles from the 
 Noi-th river East of the WapjnrKjers Kil. They intend to establish themselves at this place, if it 
 is not within our jurisdiction and if they would be allowed free passage by the said Kil to the 
 Northriver. AVe answered to their proposition after having thanked them for their offer of 
 friendly intercourse, that we had here onlj' subordinate jurisdiction under the Director-General 
 and Council of New-Netherland and therefore had no authority to give them a consent or permis- 
 sion, which properly had to come from the Director-General and Council, to Mdiicli they assented. 
 
 Letter of Director Stdyvesant to Sergt. Laurensen at the Esopus; rev. Mr. 
 Megapolensis proceeds thither; increased vigilance recommended. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant Sir! 
 
 Your Honor's letter of the i"" instant has been duly received on the 0"', but has remained 
 unanswered because I intended to come to the Esopus myself, on the following day, which my 
 indisposition has so far prevented, as I have had since that time daily violent fever, which still 
 continues. 
 
 As to the rumors, which your Honor mentions, we have since learned from passengers, who 
 came from above, that everything is as yet quiet there and that they were only sensational rumors 
 and reports, which God may grant 1 meanwhile your Honor is strictly charged and recommended 
 to be well on your guard under all circumstances, as if they were true, and to watch by night and 
 by day, to hold together the soldiers, as well those who have been there before, as the 15 who 
 were sent up from here last Saturday and to recommend in our name to the inhabitants, that they 
 shall scatter as little as possible and be well on their guard with your Honor and the soldiers. — In 
 case your Honor should discover any probabilities in the rumors or signs, that the savages might 
 attempt sometliing, your Honor will communicate it to the bearers hereof, the reverend D" Mega- 
 iwlensis and Ensign DircTc Smith, upon receipt of whose report and opinion such orders shall 
 be given, as will be found to be needed : wherewith closing we will commend your Honor to the 
 l)rotection of God and remain 
 
 Honorable, Valiant Sir 
 
 Your Honor's affectionate 
 AiHsterdam in 
 
 New-Netherlatid, P. Stuyvesant 
 
 the ll"" Auirust A" 1659. 
 
102 Colonial Settlements o?i the Hudson Hiver. 
 
 Letter of Director Stutvesant to Sergeant Lourissen and others at the 
 Esoptrs ; Eev. D° Bloem proceeds thither to take charge of the congrega- 
 tion THERE. 
 
 Honored, Dear and Beloved Friends 
 
 According to tlie promise, wliieli I made, I have informed the Lords-Directors last year of 
 vour just demand, to have there a good, orthodox and pious preacher, which their Honors did not 
 less judge pi-oper and necessary and they resolved thereupon, to inquire for some suitable and pious 
 candidates and send tlieni here. As in the meantime, the rumor spread of the lack of preachers 
 in the open country here, D" Ilarmanus Bloem, a candidate, resolved to make a voyage hither 
 and inspect tlie condition of affairs and he arrived here by the ship '■'■ de Otter'''' , bringing with 
 him very good testimonials from several ministers concerning his life and good qualities for preach- 
 ing ; during his stay here he has several times publicly preached God's Word, as well in this city 
 as in the villages of BrooMijn and Midwout, to the great satisfaction and pleasure of his hearers, 
 80 that some of the neighboring villages have made several requests, to have him as their minister, 
 hut considering tliat these neighboring villages can go to church to one or the other place near by 
 and have the benefit of partaking of the sacraments, while on the other side you can get to hear 
 God's "Word and partake of the sacraments only with great difficulties and troubles, I have per- 
 .suaded the said D" Blom to make a trip to the Esopus with me, as I intended to visit you before 
 the sailing of the lately departed homeward bound ships, but being prevented by the great mass 
 uf our business and the time for the Lord's Supper coming on in the meantime, I resolved to par- 
 take of it myself, so that it was finally decided to leave here next Thursday, but Homo proponit, 
 Deus disponit ; since that time I have suffered almost daily from a violent fever, which still con- 
 tinues, so that my indisposition does not allow me to go from home now. But in order not to 
 delay so important a matter but to let it have progress, I have resolved, to request our reverend 
 D* Megapolensis, the bearer hereof, to conduct the said D" Blom thither and inform you of our 
 wishes in tliis regard. You will now hear yourselves the said D° Blom preach. If you are satis- 
 fied with his gifts (and we do not doubt, but he will please you) you may take hold of this chance, 
 which will not offer again apparently in some years, to ask his Reverence to be your minister and 
 notify us of it by letter, also how much you will contribute yearly for his maintenance, which you 
 will have to raise from the inhabitants in due time in the best and most convenient manner. Re- 
 lying hereon we commend you all, with cordial salutations, to God's mercifid protection and remain 
 
 Honored, Dear and Beloved Friends 
 Actum Fort Amsterda^n Your affectionate friend, 
 
 in New-Netherland 
 the [ll"-"] August A" 1659. 
 
 Proi'osai.s made by THE Esopus Indians and the answers of the Dutch thereto. 
 
 On the 17"' of August, Sunday in the even- Answers made by us, through Jacob Jansen and 
 ing, at the Empus. Thomas Charnhers in presence of all of us, 
 1. The Sachems stated, that they had no evil in- We answered in general, that we should re- 
 tentions towards us and that there was no truth port their statement to the Hon. General and 
 in the reports made to us. that tlie Hon'"''' General has long ago desired and 
 
New Yoi'h Historical Jieconh. 103 
 
 2. They liad patiently borne the hhnvs, wliich intended to conic here, but that ho fell siek on 
 each of us had often given them. the day before his departure ; therefore it was 
 
 3. They had quietly suffered, that our people delayed, but as soon as his Honor was well again, 
 had taken away from them i com heaps. he will make the journey with God's help. 
 
 4. The Sachems showed 17 staves of wood, with 
 which they signified, that our people had at dif- 
 ferent places wrongfully beaten and injured their 
 tri])e. 
 
 5. The Sachems said also, that they wore very 
 willing to keep in peace with us and would pre- 
 fer to submit to many things, that they also ex- 
 pected, the Honorable General would fulfill his (Endorsed) 
 
 promise as to presents, for as long as that was Report made by Domine [j)fe(/aj)olensis ? ] 
 
 not done, thej' could not imagine, that the Gen- upon his return from J^oH Onini/e and the .£5.0- 
 
 eral intended sincerely to remain in peace with j}us. 
 
 them. 1C50. 
 
 PETrrioN OF i.Mn.UiiT.\.NTs OF Esopus, KEQtTESTiNG TnAT THE Rev. Mr. Bloem be 
 
 APPOINTED THEIR MINISTER. 
 
 To their Noble Very Worshipful Honors, 
 the Hon'"''^ Director-General and Council 
 of New-Netherland, 
 
 Show with due humility the inhabitants of the place, called the Empus, that on the 17th of 
 August the Rev. Harmanus Bhem has preached at the place of the petitioners in the fore and 
 afternoon, which has satisfied the petitioners very well and they wish sincerely, that they could 
 obtain him for their duly authorized minister. They request therefore respectfully, tliat j'our 
 Hon""' Worships will please, to consider this matter and effect, that he may be ajipointed here 
 by the proper authority, while we promise to treat him decently and in order that his Reverence 
 shall be able to sustain himself and be more encouraged in his work we have all resolved (subject to 
 your Hon""^ Worships' approval) to make a good bouwery for him, provide it with a house, barns, 
 cows and other cattle as proper, to tend the land, which your Hon*"" Worships shall please to allot 
 to him, plough it and bring the whole in good order, so that he may cultivate it himself or hire it 
 out advantageously, as long as he shall fill the position of preacher here, but in case he should 
 leave or die, then this bouwery shall always remain for the support of the minister, then being 
 here, and as the number of the petitioners is as yet very small and the establishing of such a bouw- 
 ery will be troublesome and costly for them, may the petitioners therefore be granted, that all 
 who hereafter come to take possession of lands and bouweries here shall also contribute pro rata 
 to the obligations of the present petitioners, who must now incur these e.xpenses. We await a 
 favorable decision hereon. 
 Esopus, the 17'" of August 1G50. 
 
 WiLLEM 07 Jansen's Jacob Jansen Stoll 
 
 ■<S Thomas Chambers. 
 
 mark Jcriaen — ^ Bestvaal's mark 
 
104 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Jan ST/ Bboeesen's Ja«)b ~i^ Jansen Stoutenisorgh's 
 
 X^ • mark 
 
 Jan Jansen 
 
 DiECK '■^ IIenrichsen SeneickP^ Coenelissen's mark 
 
 MATTHYsp^ EoLOFFSEN PiETER ""^^^-^y- Diecksen's mark 
 
 AeLBEET _/<\, GoEBERTSEN CoRNELIS BakENTSEN SlECHT. 
 
 Statement regarding the fears of the people at Esopcs and their reasons 
 FOR IT ; they ask for a little bell from Fort Orange and request a visit 
 
 FROM DiR. StUYVESANT. 
 
 The inhabitants of the Esopus fear, that the savages have evil intentions, their snspieioiis hav- 
 ing been roused by the causes given here. Their suspicions were caused: 
 
 1. By the departure of a young savage, who worked for Clapboard* 
 
 2. By a Maquaas. 
 
 3. By a southern savage, who told them, that the Enojnts savages intended to murder the 
 Butch. 
 
 4. Claes dc Ruyter says, that he has been warned by the Waj>p'nujs or Highland savages not 
 to go to the Esopus, because etc ". 
 
 5. Kit Davidson says, that he was warned, the Esopus savages would beat the Dutch, that 
 lie understood it perfectly, that the Indians meant them. 
 
 Reasons. 
 That General Stuyoesant had not kept Iiis promise of giving them presents, as he had prom- 
 ised. That some complaints had been made, but that his Honor General Stuyvesant had promised 
 to come himself, to complete the conclusion of a permanent peace ; as this has not yet been done, 
 they cannot believe, that it was really intended, but to keep it in suspense and then all at once 
 attack them unexpectedly. 
 
 2. They complain, that their corn-pits were robbed by tlie Dutch last winter and some bea- 
 verskins were taken. 
 
 3. That Boertsen had badly beaten an Indian and pointing a knife to his breast had threat- 
 ened to kill him. 
 
 It had been agreed, in pursuance of an order from the Hon*'" General Stxiyvesant, to assist 
 each other during the harvest and help in hoeing the corn and that for the protection of the inhab- 
 itants and laborers some soldiers should go with the laborers to the field to protect them, but some 
 of them separated tliernselves immediately after the resolution and agreement had been made. 
 
 The laborers, who earn high wages there, still refuse to join in an expedition or to do guard- 
 duty and all this falls on the shoulders of the few inhabitants. 
 
 It is necessarj', that some men were appointed, also a messenger, to hold some kind of a court, 
 that everybody, no matter who, could be made to go along. 
 
 They desire, that an order be given regarding the thatch-roofs of houses, in which people live 
 and make fire without chimneys. 
 
 ♦ Claiiboard was a Dicknamc given to Thomas Chambers. — Ed. 
 
Neto YorJc Historical Mecords. 105 
 
 That they might hare the little bell from Fort Orange. 
 
 That they might have a drum, because there are now 40 soldiers tliere, besides the iiduibitants. 
 
 2 or three little pieces for a present to the Indians. 
 
 The Sergeant talked also of intending to make a redoubt near the guardhouse; if the lion''''' 
 General consented, they would make it of sods. 
 
 Montagnie asks for some muskets fuses. 
 
 Jurriaen Bestvaal would like to have 2 or 3 more cows, a dwellinghouse and a farmhand. 
 
 The inhabitants of Esopus desire the Hon""' General to come there, that some more lots may 
 bo sur\-eyed, as there are several people, who would like to cultivate the land, but they have no 
 lots. Likewise the people of Fort Orange desire the Hon''''' General to come there, to settle some 
 matters. 
 
 Leiter OF Sergeant Andkies Laurensen to Director Stlyvesant; Indian news 
 
 AND REQUEST FOR SUPPLIES. 
 
 Honorable, Wise and Very Discreet Sir ! 
 Honorable General Picter Stuyvesant, Greeting ! 
 
 These few words are to inform your Honor only, that the savages are rather quiet at present 
 I trust, their hasty imdertaking has been postponed: further, Oit Davits continues in his old 
 tricks of selling liquor and tattling, as I with other persons have found a drunken savage there, 
 aiWcA Poenap, on Tuesday, being the IS"" of August of the present year; then, your Honor, 
 ])lease to think of us with victuals, meat or bacon, as it is all consumed and the farmers are them- 
 selves as badly off as possible. Herewith goes a soldier, Gerrlt Velser, who has poor health. 
 Closing I remain Your Honor's faithful servant by the name of 
 
 Actum Great Esopus Andriks Lourissen. 
 
 2P' August A" 1659. 
 In haste. 
 
 To the Honorable, Wise and Very Valiant Sir His Honor, General Pet-er Stuyvesant at 
 
 Fort N. Avisterdam 
 on the Manhatans. 
 
 Letter from the same to the same : the Esopus Indians are preparino for war. 
 
 Honorable, Wise and Very Valiant Sir! 
 Honorable General Pieter iStuyvesant, Greeting ! 
 
 Whereas we have heard from Mr. Abram Staats on the 29"' August, that the savages had 
 killed some people at Mespat there, therefore I inform your Honor by these few lines (as the skip- 
 per would not wait), that the savages keep all away from us, but they prepare themselves evidently 
 for a war, for we have been informed by a certain savage here, that the savages are making bows 
 and arrows day and night. However we cannot learn, what their intentions are ; we were further 
 advised by Cit, that the Sachem Caelcop had said to him, he should move away from the strand 
 14 
 
1U6 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 for the savages, not only the barebacks but also the Sachems had resolved, to beat xis. How much 
 truth is in this, God knows. Please send us some bacon or meat for the soldiers. 
 
 In haste. 
 Closing I commend your Honor to the protection of the Almighty and am and remain 
 Your Honor's faithful servant in the name of 
 Actum, Great Esojnis Andries Luurissen. 
 
 1". Septbr 1659. 
 
 To the Honorable, Wise and Very Valiant Sir, His Honor General Pieter Stuyvesant 
 
 at New Amsterdam 
 on the Manahataes. 
 
 Feoposals made by thk Esoi'us Indians. 
 
 The Esopus Indians, numbering about 96, small and large all told, made the following propo- 
 sitions on the 4"" of September. 
 
 First ; that on the 3'' of September they had been together at one of their savage houses and 
 only deliberated upon good things, as they now proved coming with women and children and 
 without arms, so that we might not have any suspicion of them. 
 
 Second, that two Mingaes Sachems, Slnnekens and southern Indians had been with tliem and 
 had advised, that they should reconcile themselves again with the Christians, for which pui-pose 
 they had now come : they had also said, they should be ashamed to act so towards the Christians. 
 
 Third, three years ago last fall they had been at the Manhatans, then they came here to the 
 Esopus, but they did not injure any one of the Butch nor did any other harm and they let the 
 Christians return to their possessions and shortly after they made an everlasting compact with the 
 Christians and the Matpuaes and to confirm it, they locked their arms together with iron chains 
 and said, who shall first break this, he shall be made war against in common. 
 
 Fourth, that they altogether willing to be peaceful and had no more evil intentions, people 
 may go to work now, as one fire is burning between us and we may go to sleep on either side 
 with safety and that formerly many news reports had come from other savages, that the Dutch 
 would come to kill them, and then this and that, but that now they would not listen to such talk. 
 
 Fifth, that they cannot understand, why the Fort had been made here ; that it would have 
 been better, if every one had remained on his bouwery, for then we Christians M'ould have been 
 enabled to harvest our corn better, while now it is spoiled and the horses would have brought 
 home more in one day, than what now has been carried off by the water. 
 
 Sixth, that they have been wondering, why we do not plough ; they had suspected us of evil 
 intentions, but we should commence ploughing, whereas we need not fear any liarm from them 
 and that they are not very well pleased, because they can not use the path, which formerly run 
 tlirough the guardhouse-grounds; that it was lucky, that the soldiers had beaten just a Sachem or 
 some others, for using that path, for if it had been barebacks,* they would have lustily fouglit for it. 
 
 Seventh, they say, that JacoVs horses and hogs had destroyed a whole plantation and thfey 
 guess, that, when they drove out the animals, the horse, which Jacob lost, must have fallen on a 
 stump, for if it had been shot with a bullet or an arrow, the bullet or arrow-stick would have been 
 found and they say, it died from the cutting open. 
 
 * Young warriors. 
 
J\'i)v York Historieal Records. 107 
 
 Eighth, thej brouglit wampuiu fur the horse and acknowledged, tliat tliey liad killed it; 40 
 strings of white wampuiu. 
 
 Ninth, they bring wanipuui for Jacoh Jansen.\f liogs and acknowledge, they had killed them 
 too ; 10 strings. 
 
 Tenth, Wampum for capturing our four Christians ; 3 strings. 
 
 Eleventh, Wampum, that we should declare ourselves satisfied; 5 strings. 
 
 Twelfth, Waminim, that the soldiers shall not beat them any more ; 5 strings. 
 
 Twelfth,* Wampum, that the ButrA shall ]. ay the savages, who have worked for them; 5 
 strings. 
 
 And we have answered, that we could not di> anything, liut that all would be arranged pro))- 
 erly, when his Honor, the General, came. Your llouoi- will please, to send also an order, what 
 we shall do with the wampum. 
 
 Extract from a letter of Director Stuyves^vnt and Council to the Direct- 
 ors IN Holland : a settlement on Wappinger's Kil recommended : Indian 
 
 MPKDERS AND CAUSES THEREOF: REINFORCEMENTS SENT To EsOPUS. 4^" S KP'I Eil- 
 BER 1659. 
 
 * t 
 
 We consider of greater importance, what we heard from J^ort Orange lately, that is, that in 
 the latter part of July some Englishmen from Boston arrived there, among them two of position 
 and distinction according to their commission ; they inquired for a fortnight or 3 weeks after the 
 territory between the two places and having spied the land along the North river under pretext of 
 investigating and looking up, how and where the lines and limits of their Colony or Province may 
 terminate, they came finally, as they say, to Fort Oraiuje. After the usual compliments, they 
 made among others a proposition, that they were willing and intended to make a village or settle- 
 ment at the end of the Wappinger' s Kill. This Kil has its source some leagues inland to the east- 
 ward and empties into the North river above the Highlands, above 13 or 14 leagues from this place. 
 According to the reports there are good and fertile lands on either side of it and whereas tliere is 
 no other way to it than along this North river, the aforesaid Englishmen proposed and requested 
 to have unmolested passage up to and down from it. Your Honors may easily infer, in your usual 
 sagacity, what the consequences hereof would be, that is, to get into our beaver-trade with their 
 wampum and divert the trade; we can very well imagine, that your Honors' advice and order will 
 be, to resist their undertaking by all means and prevent it if possible. Eight Honorable Gentle- 
 men, there will be no want of our inclination to do so, while however the power may be wanting, 
 if they undertake it in earnest and will continue or hold it forcibly. Many hounds are the hare's 
 death. I can hardly imagine the latter, at least as long as the state of affairs in England under 
 the last changes is so uncei-tain, but it is undoubtedly to be feared, that they may send some colo- 
 nists with cattle there overland, to crawl along in time and finally obtain their end ; your Honors 
 are most likely of opinion, to oust and drive away the colonist, who should settle there ; this would 
 be feasible at first, if it remained so and they had no followers; in our opinion the best and safest 
 plan would be to forestall the English, by peopling and settling the lands witii some good and 
 
 • So in tlje original.— Ed. t For the preceding see Vol. XII Col. Doc, p. 349.— Ed. 
 
108 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 clever farmers, about 25 to 30 families and to assist these with a guard of 20 to 25 soldiers for two 
 or three years for their protections against the barbarians, who are thereabout somewhat strong 
 and bold. That this might be carried out the sooner and with greater celerity and safety, your 
 Honors will please, if possible, to cause, that some homeless Polish, Lithuanian, Prussian, Jut- 
 laiidish or Flemish farmers (who, as we trust, are soon and easily to be found during this Eastern 
 and Northern war) may be sent over by the first ships. We shall on our side endeavor to provide 
 them with cattle and necessary provisions and other means and in order that these people may not 
 be delayed upon their arrival here, I hope, if it pleases God to give me life and sufHeient health, 
 to go there during the coming autumn, view the land and buy it from the savages and at the same 
 time look up an opportunity, to make the settlement defendable, which with the blessing of God 
 will increase and not only will promote civilization and bring safety to the yachts and passengers 
 travelling up and down the river, but will also cause mistrust and terror among the barbarians or 
 natives. 
 
 Without wishing to excuse the foregoing* cruel deeds of the savages, we shall meanwhile not 
 fail to revenge them in due time and are already endeavoring to discover with perfect certainty, 
 what savages and from which tribe have committed this last murder (at Mespat Kil, L. I.) : to 
 take revenge for it at the proper time with your Honors' advice and approval ; this must not be 
 undertaken too rashly or too soon and therefore we shall await your Honors' advice, psft-tly for the 
 aforestated reasons, that the separate living people, of whom there is a considerable number, cannot 
 now remove so suddenly tlieir corn and winter fodder for their cattle, which they have gathered 
 up near their houses and if they remain in their scattered dwellings, cannot be protected ; 
 
 Partly because we are informed by verbal and written reports from the Esopus (as your Hon- 
 ors may see from the enclosed copies of the letters) that the affairs with the savages there are not 
 in the best and safest condition. Already a month ago, we have sent 15 men there as reinforce- 
 ment for the garrison of 22 or 23 men stationed there ; but as we have been verbally warned of a 
 larger gathering of the savages up to the number of 500 (to which daily more are added), we con- 
 sider it advisable to send there 10 or 12 men more by the first opportunity : we hope and have no 
 doubt, but assisted by the inhabitants and with God's blessing these will be able to defend the 
 place, in case the savages should make any attempt against it, as is lirmly believed, which I how- 
 ever trust will not come to pass, at least not before they have harvested their corn. I hope in the 
 meantime to prevent if possible the mischief and war, should the good God please to give me 
 health. Our military meanwhile is and remains too scattered to make any aggressive beginning 
 in regard tf) the above stated affairs before better times and chances appear. 
 
 Propositions of tuk Mon.vwKs. Minutes of the Court of Fort Orange, Septbr 6, 1659. 
 
 Present J. Lamontagne. Extraordinary Session held by both 
 
 Jeremias van Rensselaer. tlie ('ourts to hear the propositions 
 
 * In the foregoing paragraplis two murders, committed by tlic Indians, are reported. Tlie cause of the mur- 
 ders is indicated to liave been the distance of the dwellings of the murdered persons.— Ed. 
 
New York Historical Records. 109 
 
 Arent van Curler. of the MaqtuMS this G"" of Septein- 
 
 Francis Boon. ber 1659. 
 
 Dirck Jansen Croon. 
 
 Andries Herhei'isen. 
 
 Sander Lendertsen. 
 
 Jan Verbeeck and all 
 
 the late magistrates. 
 
 1. They Siiy, they had made tlic journey, to treat with us in friendsliip and give a string of 
 wampum. 
 
 2. They say, that they and otlicr savages do not like to see their tribe drink so nmch liquor 
 and give two beavers. 
 
 3. They say, we have been agreed here, that we had made an alliance ; the Dutch say, we are 
 ])rothers and joined together with chains, but that lasts only as long as we have beavers, after 
 that no attention is paid to us, but it shall always be, as if we needed each other. They give two 
 I leavers. 
 
 4. The alliance made in the conntry, who can break it ? Let us at all times keep together 
 what has been made one. They give two beavers. 
 
 5. We have to expect our enemies, the French., and if we drink too much, we cannot fight; 
 we request therefore not to sell any brandy to our people, but to put the hung in our casks. They 
 give two beavers. 
 
 6. When we go away now, we shall take with us a good deal iif lii-aTidy and after that no 
 more, for we will bum our kegs; but although we propose that now, it will not be carried out. 
 Therefore when the savages come into the country with brandy, we shall come to the chiefs of the 
 Dutch and tell them, who has sold the brandy to them. They give a string of wampum. 
 
 7. The Dutch must leave off their wickedness and not beat them as much, as they have 
 done. They give one beaver. 
 
 8. We desire, that the smiths should repair our things, even when our people have no money, 
 or let them have much or little wampuin. They give a beaver and a string of wampum. 
 
 9. We request, that the gumnakers shall dispatch making the guns and not let us wait so long 
 and lose time. Thej' give a beaver and a string of wampum. 
 
 10. When we come from the country and the muskets are all repaired, we have no powder, 
 you must therefore give us some powder and when the enemy comes, you must bo willing to help 
 us ; you are too timorous, but send us 50 or 60 men for assistance. They give two beavers. 
 
 11. He has two sons, taken prisoners by the French and held a long time. We tnist, that 
 they will be released and request, that the Dutch will send for them, we shall be very willing to 
 do the same for you. They give two beavers. 
 
 12. Look at the French and see what they are doing for their savages, when they are in dis- 
 tress. Do the same for us and help us repairing our castles. They give a coat of beaverskins. 
 
 13. Come to us with 30 men and with horses to chop wood, carry it to our castles and assist 
 us in repairing them and the D\itch can carry their wood-sleds into the country. They give a 
 beavercoat and a beaverskin. 
 
 14. When any one of us dies and one of the Dntch should be his companion, it was his 
 duty to give to the friends of the deceased one or two pieces of linen. They give a beaver. 
 
 15. It is not necessary, that you .should make us now presents in return. They give a beaver. 
 Action taken on the proposition of the Mohawks and answer given to them on the S"" of Sep- 
 tember. 
 
110 Colonial Settlemefnts on the Hudson River. 
 
 The Court resolved and decided, that a provisional answer should be given to the Maquaes to 
 the effect, that no doubt has arisen in regard to the brotiierhood between the Dutch and the Ma- 
 quaes, agreed ujjon many years ago and that it should always be maintained and the chain remain 
 unbroken. 
 
 2. "We expect here every day Mr. Stuyvesant, to confer with you and we shall let you know, 
 when he arrives or some of the Dutch Sachems will come to you. 
 
 Tlien 50 11 in wampum were given to the Maquaes. 
 
 Further action of the Magistrates of Fort Orancje ou the Mohawks' propositions, Septbr 16, 
 1659. 
 
 Coui-t Minutes. 
 
 Whereas tlieir Honors have been gathered here on the 6"" mst. to listen to the pi-opositions, 
 which the chiefs of the Maquaes had to make, and having heard them, gave a provisional answer 
 to the said Maquaes on the S"" to the effect, that a conclusive answer should be given upon the 
 arrival here of his Honor, the General, and whereas they were afterwards informed to their great 
 sorrow, that the General could not come on account of ill-health and sickness. 
 Therefore their Honors have for the sake of peace and the well-being of the country decided, to 
 depute some members of tlie Hon'''* Court to make a further alliance with the said Maquaes, to 
 thank them for their old and continued friendship, shown to our nation and further to give them 
 a fair and proper answer to their propositions and to bring them at the same time a present of fl 
 
 in wampum, 75 lbs of powder, lOOlbsof lead, 15 a.xes and 2 beavers worth of knives. Mr. 
 Jeremias van Rensselaer, Francis Boon, Dirch Jansen Croon, Andries Ilerhertsen, Mr. Arent 
 van Curler, Adrian Oerritsen, Jan Tomassen, Volckert Jansen, Philipp Pietersen and Johannes 
 Provoost offered voluntarily to go as deputies. 
 
 Extract frosi a letter of Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland : no news 
 
 FROM the EsOPUS, BUT REINFORCEMENTS HAVE BEEN SENT THERE ; EQUIPMENTS FOR 
 CAVAXRY REQUIRED ; THE ReV. HaRMANUS BloEM HAS ARRIVED AND IT IS PRO- 
 POSED TO SEND nrai TO THE EsOPUS ; A SETTLEMENT ON WapPINGERSKIL AGAIN 
 
 URGED. 17^" Septbr 1659. 
 ****** 
 Since our last we have had no news from the Esopus / 5 or 6 days ago we sent some men 
 under command of Ensign Dirch Smith there with three light cannons and some other ammuni- 
 tion of war. "We believe and trust, that it shall be nothing but an Indian bravado, nevertheless 
 these and other rumors make the out-lying farmers circumspect and not without reason timid and 
 place them on their guard ; they have therefore requested us through their magistrates to be pro- 
 vided with some powder, lead and small arms, also a drum for each village, to call together the 
 inhabitants at night or in case of mischief. "We have provided them with the iirstmentioned arti- 
 cles, as far as our stores permitted, giving each village 30, 40 or 50 pounds of powder and lead 
 and some muskets to those, who needed them under promise to pay for them with grain, the small 
 arms to be returned, when asked for ; whereas our stores have been considerably diminished hereby 
 and through the daily consumption, we respectfully request your Honors to supply us soon, that 
 we may accommodate the villages with a goodly quantity of powder, lead and fuses, also a dozen 
 of drums, wliich may be put one into the other to reduce the fi-eight. 
 
Ne^o YorJc Historical Reconls. 1 11 
 
 Should _your Honors deem it advisable, to attack the savages on account of the present and 
 repeated niurdei's, we have previously asked thereto for some cavalry saddles and pistols to organize 
 a little troop of horsemen on Long- and on this island, which would be of great service and very 
 nuich needed, to keep the two places free from Indians; your Honors sent pistols before this, 25 
 to 30 common saddles are herewith respectfully asked for. 
 
 Your Honors inform us in their favor of the l-S"" February, received by "(/e Tr(yiiw''\ among 
 others, that for the promotion of divine service in the country your Honors had resolved and already 
 issued orders to send over 2 or 3 God-fearing and suitable candidates. Upon the strength of that 
 rumor one Ilarmanu,^ Bloem of Amsterdam has now proceeded hither, persuaded and advised 
 thereto, as his Reverence says, by some preachers of the aforesaid city ; he has preached here as 
 well as in the country to the satisfaction of his hearers, so nmch so that we have been petitioned 
 in regard to him, to have him as their minister, as your Honors may see by the enclosure N° 4; 
 under the circumstances, as your Honors are the Lords and Patroons in general and consequently 
 this matter concerns the Chassis, we did not wish to meddle any further in this matter, e.xcept to 
 recommend the said D" Ilannanus Bloem to your Honors and to request, partly on his account 
 as he has been candidate for a long time, partly for the sake of the inhabitants of the Esopus, 
 that your Honors will please to look upon him with favor. We hope and trust from the short 
 cunversation had with him, that he will be for many a good leader to salvation and should your 
 Honors indeed send beside him, 2 or 3 God-fearing candidates more, even though only at a salary 
 of 5 or 600 guilders, we trust, nay, we may assure your Honors, that the balance up to 10, 11 or 12 
 hundred guilders will be raised here by the parishes, one contributing less, the other more, accord- 
 ing to the ability of the villages. 
 
 We asked in our last of the i"" of September to send over some fanners, to make a village or 
 settlement on the Wappinghshil next spring and gave the reasons for it in detail in that letter. 
 We shall accommodate these farmers to the best of our abilities, but we would require thereto above 
 all some ploughshares, sickles, scythes and other farming implements, which are very scarce here 
 and hard to be obtained, and then at pawnbrokers' prices. Your Honors are respectfully rcnnnded 
 and requested to send with the fanners the above and other necessary farming implements. 
 
 Letter from Jacob Jansen Stoll at tue Esopus to Director Stuyvesant: all 
 
 QUIET ON THE Esopus. 
 
 Sir. 
 
 Your Honor's favor has been duly received by the Ensign and his soldiers, with whose 
 coming we were well pleased. We hope further, that the Almighty God will please to give health 
 to your Honor and remove our anxiety, if it would tend to your Honor's salvation ; may the Al- 
 mighty grant your Honor, what will be beneficial to your Honor ; but I hope to hear with great 
 joy 'of your Honor's good health. What regards the savages, they are veiy quiet, but we do not 
 know, what intentions the Almighty has conceniing us. 
 
 I send further to your Honor 3 muds* of wheat; I would have provided your Honor with 
 more, but as I have no time now, the skipper desiring to sail immediately, I have to pay my com- 
 
 ♦ One mud is equal to 4 schepels=6 bushels. — Ed. 
 
112 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 pliineuts to your Honor with these few lines and the seed-wheat ; also your Honor's further com- 
 mands and orders shall, if God grants me life and health, be properly carried out, until the last 
 drop of blood has been spent for and to the honor of the Incorporated Company, whereupon your 
 Honor may firmly rely, as if your Honor were present in person. 
 
 I am your Honor's faithful servant 
 
 Jacob Jansen Stoll. 
 
 The Honorable General will please to provide me with a piece of good linen for shirts, which 
 I need : I shall pay your Honor in good wheat. 
 
 Jacob Jansen Stoll. 
 This by the yacht 
 Actum Great Esopus, the 17"" Septbr. 1659. 
 
 To the Honorable, Wise and Very Valiant, Ilis Honor General Peter StuyvesanL 
 
 FinjVl Answer given to the Mohawks at their first Castle Kaghnuwage in 
 
 VRESENCE OF THE CHIEFS OF THE THREE MoHAWK CaSTLES, SepTBR 24, 1G.59. 
 
 1. Brothers, we have come here only to renew our old friendship and brotherhood and you must 
 tell it to your children ; our children will always be able to learn it from the contents of our writ- 
 ings, which we leave behind us, for they remain while we die. From them they will always see, 
 how we have lived in friendship M'ith oiir brothers. Brothers, we could not bring any cloth, for 
 we could not get men to carry it; but friendship cannot be bought for merchandise, our heart has 
 always been good and is still so and if that is of no value to you, then we come not to buy friend- 
 ship, even if the land was full of merchandise and beavers. Three boxes of wampum were given 
 to them. 
 
 2. Brothers, sixteen years have now passed, since we made the first treaty of friendship and brother- 
 hood between you and all the Dutch, whom then we joined together with an iron chain. Since 
 that time it has not been broken either by us or by our brothers and we have no fear that it will 
 be broken by either side, we will therefore not speak of it any more, but we will all be and remain, 
 as if we had lain under one heart and in grateful remembrance of our brotherhood we give you 
 now two boxes of wampum. 
 
 3. Brothers, 18 days ago you were with us and made your propositions to the Dutch, your 
 brothers, we did not give you a conclusive answer then, as we expected Mr. Stuyvesant and prom- 
 ised to inform you, when Mr. Stuyvesant should come. But as he has fallen very sick, he cannot 
 come for the present and we now tell you, brothers, that what we shall say, we say with the au- 
 thority of Mr. Stuyvesant, all the other chiefs and of all the Dutch and their children. "We give 
 the brothers as a present and as a token of truth two bo.xes of wampum. 
 
 4. Brothers, we now say for once and for all times in our own behalf and in behalf of all the Dutch, 
 now in the country or who may yet come and of all the children, as we cannot come here every 
 day, the roads being very bad to go over, that you henceforth must have no doubt of our always 
 remaining brothers and whenever some tribe or other savages, whoever they might be, should 
 come to incite you and say, the Dutch are going to war against you, do not listen to it or believe 
 it, but tell them, they lie, and we shall say the same; the brothers shall say of you the same thing 
 and shall not believe any prattlers ; we are not going to war against you nor leave you in distress, 
 if we are able to help you, but we cannot compel our smiths and gunmakers to repair the 
 
New York Historical Records. 113 
 
 of our brothers without receiving pay for it, as they must earn a living for their wives and chil- 
 dren, wiio would otherwise perish from hunger; or they would remove from our country, if thev 
 received no wampum for their work and then we and our brothers would be very much emliar- 
 i-assed. "We give you hereon two boxes of wampum as a present. 
 
 5. Brothers, IS days ago you requested us not to sell brandy to your people and to bung our casks. 
 Brothers, do not allow your people to come to us for brandy, none shall be sold to them ; but only 
 two days ago we have met 20 to 80 little kegs on the road, all going to obtain brandy ; our chiefs 
 are very angry, because the Dutch sell brandy to your people and always forbid it to our people, 
 now you forbid it to your people and if you desire us to take away from your people the brandy 
 and the kegs, then say so now before all these people, but if we do it afterwards, you, brothei-s, 
 must not be angry. They were given two boxes of wampum. 
 
 r>. Brothers, we give you now as a present this powder and lead, which you must well take care 
 of, so that, if you want to attack your enemies, you may use it and divide it among your young 
 men, with which we give 75 lbs of powder and 100 lbs of lead. 
 
 7. Brothers, we see that you are very busy cutting wood to build your fort. You had requested 
 us for horses to haul it out, but that is impossible to do with horses, for the hills arc too high and 
 steep and the Dutch cannot carry it out, because they have become weak from their march to this 
 jilace, as j'ou may see by looking at our people ; how should they now be able to carry pallisades? 
 But as the brothers sometimes break their axes in cutting wood, we give you herewith a present 
 of fifteen axes. 
 
 8. Brothers, as some of your people, also of the Mahicanders and Siinxli/.^i occa.sionaly kill our 
 horses, cows, pigs or goats, we request you, brothers, to forbid your people doing it and we give 
 you two beavers' worth of knives. 
 
 All the foregoing propositions having been made the same were courteously accepted by the 
 chiefs and all the people standing around, also that the brandy kegs should be taken from them. 
 
 As we had made our propositions, a letter was handed to us by the negro-servant of Mr. La 
 Jfontaf/ne, expressly sent after us by his Honour. We learned from the letter, that some mischief 
 and fighting has taken place between our people and the Esopus savages ; we immediately com- 
 municated the news to the chiefs and the people around us, who listened to it with great astonish- 
 ment and said, they were very glad and we had very well done, by making it known so promptly, 
 because, when now the Esopus or other River savages should come to tliem with presents and ask 
 for assistance, to light against us, they would kick them and say, You beasts, you pigs, get away 
 from here, we will have nothing to do with you. 
 
 After having attended to this matter, we requested the Maquaes to release from captivity 
 their eight French prisoners and to bring them back to their country. They answered, that they 
 must first deliberate about it with their Castles, that done, they would inform us by two or three 
 of their chiefs. They complain bitterly of the Frenchmen, because the French do not keep the 
 peace made with them, but French savages attack them, whenever they are out hunting and thrash 
 them, because parties of disguised Frenchmen are always among them. 
 
 We were further informed by a French prisoner, that the wreck of a small vessel was said to 
 have been found on the island at the mouth of Canada, of a sloop rowing there with 6 or S men 
 and the Frenchmen said and insisted, that it Lad been the bark of Jan Perec. This for informa- 
 tion. 
 
 We received also a package with letters, brought by a Maqune.i of the third Castle from Troi.^ 
 lilvleres. It was directed to Mr. Jacob de Hinson, who being present, we opened the package 
 15 
 
114 Colonial Settlements on the Hudnon River. 
 
 and found in it 3 or 4 letters to the Captain of a bark, said to have sailed from Canada for the 
 Manhattans, also a letter to his Honour, the General, which upon a unanimous resolution was 
 also opened to learn, whether its contents might be of service to us on this occasion, as it was writ- 
 ten by the Jesuit Simon LeMoyne. AVe hope, his Honour the General will not be angry, for we 
 have done it for the public service and the best of the community. 
 
 Order That no offence shall be given to the Indians undee severe penalty. 
 FoET Oeange Couet-Minutes, Sept 27, 1659. 
 
 Their Honours the Commissary and the Magistrates of Fort Orange and Beverwych Village, 
 having received several complaints against the insolence and injuries done to the savages by beat- 
 ing and throwing of stones, which must tend to a dangerous ending, forbid herewith, in order to 
 prevent and forestal any mishap during these dangerous times, all residents within their jurisdic- 
 tion to molest any savage, of whatever tribe he may be, under pain of arbitrary correction. Thus 
 done at the session of the Hon'''^ Court for Fort Orange and Bemrwyck village, at Fort Orange, 
 tlie 27"" of September 1659. 
 
 Letter from Ensign Smith to Dieector Stuyves^vnt enclosing a eepoet of the 
 
 EISING of the EsOPUS InDIANS AND OF A COLLISION BETWEEN THEM AND THE SET- 
 TLEES ; WAE IS DEOLAEED. 
 
 Honorable, Wise and Very Valiant Sir, 
 Honorable General Pieter Stuyvesant Greeting ! 
 
 Your Honor's favor of the IS"" has been duly received, but whereas some trouljle has arisen 
 here, I request the inhabitants to give further information, who, it seems, have immediately hired 
 a yacht, to give your Honor a detailed report of it ; altiiough I shall always obey your Honor, your 
 Honor will please to answer me by the bearer hereof, that I may govern myself accordingly. I 
 remain Your Honor's faithful servant and subject 
 
 Actum Great Sopez Dieck Smith. 
 
 22" Septbr 1659. 
 
 To the Honorable, Wise and Very Valiant, His Honor, General Pieter Stuyvesant at 
 
 N. Amsterda-in. 
 
 To the Honoraljle Director General Pieter Stuyvesant. 
 
 I, Dirclc Smith, Ensign of the Company, beg to inform your Honor, that I have not refused 
 to obey your Honor's orders, but have executed them in every way and tespect and after receiving 
 the Hon*" General's letter on the 20"" I prepared myself to leave here with eighteen men for tlie 
 Manhattans. The inhabitants kept me on account of a commotion among the savages and there 
 were no yachts here, except the one, by which I received your Honor's letter and which sailed up 
 the river. As on 1110.20'" at night between ten and eleven some savages raised a great noise and 
 yelling under tlie fort, M-hereupon Dirck de Goyer, Marten Ilofman and G%Uis de Necker alarmed 
 me and the guard, I commanded the Sergeant to take 9 or 10 men and directed him to go out by 
 one of the gates and return by the other one and not to molest anybody, but to see, what was to 
 be done ; the Sergeant sent a man back to me, saying that a crowd of savages was there and Jacoh 
 Jansen Stoll came to the guard, saying: I will go, give me four or live men ; he thereupon took 
 
New York Historical litcords. 115 
 
 four or five men, namely Jacob Jansen van Stoutenhurgh, Tomes Higgens, Gisehert Phi/iji,s; 
 EreH Pelts, Jan Arisen, Berent Ilermsen ; His Honor, the General, may at any time inqniio of 
 these inhabitants, whether I have given any other command, as to shoot, fight or beat, but the one 
 to see, what mischief was brewing there outside of the Fort. After their return, I asked them, 
 who liad ordered them to fire and they said, the savages had shot first and Jacob Jansen abusing 
 the Ensign violently, said: We wanted to slap their mouths, for the dogs have vexed ns long 
 enough and Jacob Jansen said, I know very well what orders I had from the Ilon"''^ General and 
 how they have sat here all in the Fort for eight days and could not get out, for they lie in the 
 bushes all around and how they have skirmished against them during twice twenty-four hours and 
 they have fired with innumerable brand-arrows into the grain stacks and the barn, the barn of 
 Bap being however covered with planks the corn was, God be praised ! saved, but they killed the 
 horses and cattle, of the Iion'"'= General's three, of Evert Pelts' three, of Tomas Clabberfs* four 
 and at the date of this letter we have got back one prisoner, who run away from them. I have 
 asked this returned captive, Harincn Jletidrichsen, how strong they may have been, he said in 
 answer to me, that they must have counted over four hundred and thought that our prisoners were 
 all still alive and how badly they were off, for they had to lie every day under the blue sky, as 
 they had long intended this; if we had not had some cannons here, not one of ns, large or small, 
 should have escaped. 
 
 On the 20"" inst. when I received orders fi-ona the Hon"'" General to come down with so 
 many men, Jacob Jansen and Thomas Clabbert went to the Strand and hired one of the yaciits, 
 wliich were to go up the river, to make their report to the Hon"'" General and after having dis- 
 patched their letter they wanted to go liaclc to the Fort, numbering together 13 able-bodied men, 
 the Sergeant with five men, Thomas Vlat)h,rt, Jnrnh Hah, a carpenter, Abraham by name, Pieter 
 Dircks and his man, Avert Pelts' boy, Lewies, the Frenchman. At the tennis-court near the 
 strand- they allowed themseh'es to be taken prisoners. Thomas Clabbert was exchanged for a 
 savage, and a soldier came back, who run away during the night: and ten are still in captivity 
 and they have actually declared war and do not want to know anything of peace, as the inhabit- 
 ants can testify. We have still an Indian prisoner and so far, thanks to God, no one else has been 
 M'ounded but two and Buerties' son is killed. The wounded have recovered rapidly. I cannot 
 write any more for the time is too short. His Honor La Montagnie has sent ICit Davit with a 
 Maqnas Indian from Fort Orange, to hear how matters stand liere and will assist us, if your 
 Honor approves. I have been ready to come with my men at any time, hut no yachts have been 
 here. I remain Your Honor's servant till death 
 
 DiRCK SCHMIT. 
 
 To the Noble Honorable Director General Petrus Stuyvesant this is to be given. 
 Anno 1659 the 29'" Septhr, 
 
 Manathans, 
 
 Lettee feom Vice-Director La Montagnie at Fort Orange (Albany) to Di- 
 rector StU YVES ANT WriH PARTICULARS OF THE TROUBLES AT THE EsOPUS. 
 
 Copy of a letter from the hon""* Honorable, Valiant, Worshipful Gentlemen. 
 
 La Montagnie in which he com- 
 municates the unfortunate state Gentlemen. I regret sincerely, that I have to inform your Hon- 
 of affairs at the Esopus. ors of the dreadful occurrence, wliicli has taken place at the Esojms 
 
 * Cliambers. 
 
116 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 last Sunday the 21'» inst. about two o'clock in the afternoon, when of thirteen well-armed men 
 one was killed, one mortally wounded and eleven taken prisoners, to wit the Sergeant of the Fort, 
 Thomas Chambers, Jacob Jansen Slot, badly wounded, Abraham Vosborgh, two farmers men, six 
 soldiers and Leiuies the Frenchman killed. I cannot write your Honors all the particulars this 
 time, considering a north wind just begins to blow and I cannot detain the yachts here, to inform 
 your Honors of what is necessary. I expect to-morrow the men sent from here to the Maquaas, 
 who went there with considerable presents. Captain Abraham Staets shall leave here immediately 
 after their arrival and uiforra your hon''"' Worships as well by his journal as by letters, what has 
 occurred here. In the meantime your Hon*'^ Worships ought not to allow any weak parties to 
 laud at the EsojnisTcil, for the savages are there with more than four hundred well-armed men and 
 have taken possession of Kit Davifs house, where they keep a good watch and a look-out. I shall 
 inform your Hon"'" Worships by my next letter according to my promise and as in duty bound. 
 Meanwhile I remain 
 
 Your Honorable Worships most humble and obedient servant 
 
 (signed) La Montagnie. 
 Fort Orange 
 26'" Septbr 1659. 
 
 I have previously asked your Hon'"''' Worships for a barrel of powder and 7 boxes of fuses, 
 which I hope to receive from your Honors soon, as they are much needed here. We have a suffi- 
 cient quantity of lead. 
 
 Letter from Jacob Jansen Stoll, Thomas Chambers and Evert Pelts to Di- 
 rector Stuyvesant reporting the late conflict with the Indians. 
 
 Honorable, Wise, Very Discreet Sir. 
 
 By these few hues we intend only to inform your Honor, that on the IS"' of September 1659 
 we or the Ensign received a certain letter from the Hon''"^ General, by which we learned that the 
 Hon'''^ General directed the Ensign to get ready with 18 men as quickly as possible and leave for 
 the Manatans. However on the SI'*' of September 1659 at about 10 or 11 o.'c. p. m. the inhab- 
 itants heard a great commotion among the savages and as the state of the savages is somewhat 
 alarming the Ensign ordered and directed Sergeant Andries Lourissen to go outside with 8 or 10 
 men and to see, what the matter was. Meanwhile Jacob Jansen Stoll had come with his gun to 
 the guardhouse, although he was undressed to go to bed, and with him all the inhabitants and as 
 the Sergeant had sent back a soldier, to receive further instructions the Ensign said, that some 
 more men should go out, whereupon Jacob Jansen replied. Please let me go, which having been 
 done was thus reported to the Sergeant by the soldier and the Ensign ordered, that we should try 
 to get the savages here into the Fort, because they made such terrible noise outside. Then the 
 aforesaid Sergeant and Jacob Jansen Stoll went out to the savages, the savages perceiving them 
 fired immediately at them, we replied, one savage, who had helped himself freely to brandy was 
 killed by the Sergeant, another was captured. We have since been warned, that they will roast 
 and burn the soldiers pursuant to orders. 
 
 Therefore, your Honor, we inhabitants have concluded to inform your Honor as speedily as 
 possible of the cruel uprising of the savages, to address ourselves in a friendly manner to your 
 Honor with the request, not to reduce our garrison in this precarious state of affairs, but we hope 
 
New York Historical lieconk. ]17 
 
 it will be increased and whereas it has pleased God, to visit the lion*'*' General with sickness, we 
 will on our side not fail in either giving advice or making pallisades, whicii are necessary for this 
 settlement ; we hope however, that God Almighty will not leave your Honor, our highly honored 
 Master, in this condition. In haste — Closing herewith we conuiieud your Honor to the protec- 
 tion of the Almighty and are your Honor's faithful subjects and servants. In the names of all 
 tlie inhabitants of Great Esopus, in whose presence this is signed. 
 
 Jacob Jansen Stoll 
 Thomas Chambers 
 Evert Pels 
 The mark of Pieter Dircksen - V 1/ made by 
 himself. 
 In my presence 
 
 Andries Lourissen. 
 Done Great Esopus, the 29"' Septbr 16.50. 
 
 Declaration made by iNHABrrANTS and soldiers at the Esopus, that Ensign 
 Smith did not order an attack on the Indians. 
 
 "We, inhabitants and soldiers, who have been out with the Sergeant and with Jacob Jansen 
 Stoll, desire to declare and attest, at the request of our Ensign, that the Ensign did give us no 
 order to fight or to beat, of which we will bear witness and testimony, especially Jacob Jansen 
 Stoutenhor(jh, Tomes Hlggens, Gisebert Philii>xi n. V.r, ,i Pelts, Jan Artsen, Berent Uermensen, 
 all inhabitants and also the following soldiers, Mtirtin Jlnfiaan, GiUis de JVecker, Abel Dircl'sen, 
 Dirck Hendricksen, Michael Vreey, Jooris Metser who have all been with the Sergeant and Jacob 
 Jansen Stoll. 
 
 ■^ the mark of Jan Artsen Smtt 
 
 -^ the mark of Jacob Jansen Stodtenborc. 
 /V\^' the mark of Tomes Higgens 
 
 Gysbert Phillipsen van Velthuysen 
 -^ the mark of Berent Hermensen 
 1^ the mark of Gillis de Neckek 
 
 Abel Dircks 
 
 K 
 
 Marges Hermens 
 
 ^ the mark of Jores Metser 
 
 Marten Hoffman 
 
 Machgiel Fercii 
 I H 2 the mark of Dirck Hendricksen. 
 
 Letter from Ensign Smtth at Esopus to Vice-Director La Montagnte at Fort 
 Orange; progress of the war ^vith the Indians. 
 
 To the Honorable Mr. de La Montague. I inform your Honor, that I shall willingly obey 
 
118 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 tlie Hon*'^ General's order in every respect and that I have received a letter from his Honor the 
 General on the 20"" 7*'", to come up and I have been ready to leave with my men, when the inliab- 
 itants, little and big, all who were here, prevented me by prayers and a report of the General (?) 
 and as Jacob Jansen Stall and Tomes Clahhert had been on the strand and had heard, that the 
 yachts had gone up the river, they overtook one of the yachts and hired it without my knowledge, 
 so that I could not go along witli my men. Whereas his Honor the General is very angry liere- 
 with, therefore I request your Honor, Mr. La Montagnie, to write, if the hon*'" Mr. Moniagnie 
 will please. These people, numbering 18 or 19 men, went to the strand guarded by a detachment 
 of eight soldiers under the Sergeant's command, altogether 17 or 18 persons, able-bodied men, to 
 dispatch the letter to the Hon"'^ General. Coming back toward the Fort they let tliemselves be 
 taken prisoners, without making any resistance, to wit Jacob Jansen, Tomes Clahbert, a carpenter, 
 Pieter Hillebrantsen, Pieter de Buer, the boy of Evert Pelts and the Sergeant with 6 soldiers ; 
 the rascally savages have long had this in their mind. It has been done through the liquor, that 
 comes here to the Esopus from Fort Orange, for we are very badly off at present, obliged to be 
 under arms day and night and there have been here so many savages of all sorts and we have skir- 
 mished with them continually for twice twenty-four hours, for they have openh' declared us war 
 and will not hear of any peace. The grain is all safe yet, but great damage has been done to the 
 cattle and horses; God be praised not more than two men have been wounded and one killed. 
 We cannot tell, how many wounded and killed the savages have had for they attacked us fiercely. 
 Jacob Hab^s house was fired by brand-arrows and it burned down and they fired numberless brand- 
 arrows into the cornheaj) and the barn, but the Lord has protected it. May God grant us delivery. 
 Herewith I commend you to God's protection. Written on the SO"' Septbr Anno 1659. 
 
 Your Honor's servant 
 
 DiECK Smit. 
 I have order and direction from the Honorable General, to send off Eit Davids. His Honor 
 La Montagnie must be guided by his own pleasure and opinion. 
 
 Letter fkom Cornelis Barentsen Slecht and other inhabitants of Esoi'rs to 
 Director Stuyvesant ; the settlers are besieged in the Fort ; no blame 
 
 CAN BE attached TO EnSIGN SmITH. 
 
 Does your Honor, Petrus Stuyvesant, Director-General of New-Netherland, know, that we 
 are in great danger to be surprised by the savages at any hour, for they liave kept us in the Fort 
 full eight days, so that nobody dares to go out, and they make great endeavors to fire the Fort. 
 Jacob Jansen^s house has been burned down, but his grainstack and barn have been saved by us 
 with great trouble and danger and there are already taken and still kept as prisoners among the 
 savages eleven men, five soldiers with the Sergeant and Jacob Jansen with four others and Loowies 
 has been killed with my son Jan. Therefore we sincerely request your Honor, that you please to 
 leave the Ensign here with ns, for if he had not been here, we would all have been murdered and 
 the Ensign has given no orders to create this mischief, but I believe, that it was brought about by 
 nobody else, but by Jacob Jansen and the Sergeant ; therefore we sincerely ask your Honor, that 
 you will please to assist us, for else it is impossible to hold out here. Three of your Honor's 
 horses have also been killed, which were shot below the Fort and eleven belonging to other farmers, 
 also several cows and I might write more of the situation here, but your Honor shall hear it soon. 
 
NeiD YorTc Historical liccardn. 1 1 <) 
 
 I beg of your Honor not to tliink ill of my writing, if I should not liavo shown you the proper 
 respect, please receive it in good part. No more in regard to this, than to commend you to God's 
 grace and to greet you sincerely. 
 
 CoRNELIS BarENTSEN SlEOIIT 
 
 Jax Jaxsex 
 tliis is the mark ^^ of Jan Broeesen 
 this is the mai-k ^s^ of Wilm Jansen 
 this is the mark ^^ of IIeynueick Cornelis 
 this is the mark _€ of Jueian Westval 
 this is the mark ^ /W of Matys Eoeloffsen 
 tliis is the mark — |- of Dieck de Geaeff 
 this the mark -^ of Jacob Stoutenbuegh 
 Paulus Jdecksen 
 Jan Aeesen 
 this is the mark — f?» of Baeent Heemens. 
 
 This letter is to be delivered to the Honorable Gentleman, to wit His Honor the Director 
 General of New-Ni'therland, Petrus Stuyvesaiit, 
 at the Manatis. 
 
 Letter from Serc^tE^unt Andeies Lourissen to Director Stuyvesant. (October 3" 1059) 
 
 Copy of a letter, written by the captured Sergeant Atulries Zourissen, to the Hon"''* General 
 at the instance of two Esopus savages. 
 
 Honorable General ! I inform your Honor by this savage, that matters at the Esopus ai-e in 
 a bad condition ; it is besieged by 500 to GOO savages, so that nobody can go in or near it. I am a 
 prisoner with 9 men, Jacob Jansen is dead with 3 others. If Esopus receives no assistance, I am 
 afraid, it will have no good end. Our people have taken one prisoner of them. 
 
 Your Honor's servant 
 
 Andeies Lacrens, Sergeant. 
 Received the 12'" Octbr lt;o9, 
 Sunday before noon, but 
 the savage said, he had been 
 on the road for 9 ni<rhts. 
 
 Declaration of certain Catskil Indians, as to the origin of the collision with 
 THE Indians at the Esopus, directed to Vice-Director La Montagnie blt 
 without date. 
 
 Jiooij alias Esquasicane, Machach jS^ci/umo alias 
 MaeclisGhapet, Catskil Indiana, make the fol- 
 lowing declaration and explanation of the first 
 exploit and its consequences at the Enopvs. 
 They say, first, tliat the Esop^is savages, eight in number had broken off corn-cars for Thimas 
 
120 Colonial Bdtlements on the Hudson Rive)'. 
 
 Chambers, there had been nine of them, but one went away and they were at work until towards 
 evening ; then the savages said, " Come, give us brandy now,"' whereupon Thomas replied, " When it 
 is dark." The evening having come, he gave a large bottle with brandy to the savages and the 
 savages said, " We thank you, that you have given us so much brandy." Then the savages spoke to 
 each other, " Come let us go to the liquor-house and drink there our brandy," but the savage, who is 
 now a prisoner in the Fort said, "No, let us remain near the little Kil and make a fire there." 
 
 They then went to a place at no great distance from the Fort and there the eight sat down to 
 drink. These eight savages drank there until about midnight, then the brandy came to an end 
 and they begun to yell, being drunk. Said one to another, " We have still some wampum to buy 
 more brandy." The savage, who was killed, went towards Thomas Chambers' house, to fetch more 
 brandy. When he came to Thomas Chambers he said, " I have no more brandy," whereupon Thomas 
 answered, " I have given you all I had." The savage then said to himself, " I'll go and see, whether I 
 cannot get brandy from the soldiers." The savage went up to a soldier with the bottle imder his gar- 
 ment, asking the soldier, " Have you any brandy," whereupon the soldier said, " Yes, I have brandy" 
 and the savage replied, " Here is wampum, give me brandy for it." Said the soldier, " No, what is 
 wampum, what shall I do with it " and he asked, " Where is your kettle " ; the savage answered, " I 
 have no kettle but I have a bottle under my cloak." Said the soldier, " Give it to me," and he 
 filled it, without receiving anything for it and the savage said, " I am very much obliged to you " 
 and caressed him and went away. Outside of the gate a soldier met him, who asked, " Comrade, 
 where will you drink your brandy," to which the savage replied, " Close by, near the little Kil " ; 
 the savage went on and came to the other savages, who were lying about crying and he said to them, 
 "Why do you cry, I have brought brandy." Thereupon they rejoiced and began to laugh and clap 
 their hands. They asked him, " Have you given all the wampum for it " and the savage answered, 
 "No, it, namely the brandy has been given to me." Said the others, "That is very good" and 
 they drank lustily out of the bottle, because they had no goblet or laddie. In the meantime, when 
 the bottle had been passed around once, the savages began to quarrel, among others one or two 
 savages who were present and had no cause to fight said to each other, " I will go away, I am too 
 small to fight against them." So these two went away and si.\ savages remained drinking ; there 
 was however one drunken savage, who twice fired oft" his gun chai-ged with powder only ; they 
 began again to drink and there was a savage, who was not quite so intoxicated and he said, "Come, 
 let us go away, I feel it in my body, that we shall be killed." Said the other five, " You are crazy, 
 who should kill us." Then the savage, who is now a prisoner, said, " We would not kill the Dutch; 
 we have done them no harm, why, then, should they kill us and we have nothing to fear from 
 other savages." " Yes, said the other savage, that is true, but I am nevertheless so heavy-hearted." 
 So they continued drinking until the bottle had passed twice, when the afoi-esaid savage said again, 
 " Come, let us go, we shall surely be killed, may it come from whatever side it pleases, my heart is 
 full of fears." 
 
 Then this an.vious savage did not want to drink any more brandy, wont off and hid his goods 
 at a little distance, then coming back he drank once more, when they heard the bushes crackle, as 
 the Dutch came there, without knowing who it was. 
 
 Then this savage went away and said, " Come, let us go, for else we shall be killed " and the 
 other ran away and the rest laid down together, whereupon the Dutch came and all of them fired 
 into them and shot one siivage in the head and captured another. One savage was moving about 
 intoxicated, whereupon the Dutch fired at him continually taking nearly his dress from his body; 
 then they surrounded him and wanted to take him prisoner, the savage called out, "Come kill 
 me, I am not afraid": the Dutch crowded around him and began to tattle among themselves, l.ut 
 
Neio York Ilistoiical Jieconls. 121 
 
 lueanwliilc the savage escaped, then the Dutch looked all over and could not find the savaire : tlicn 
 tiic Dutch ran up to the fire and found there a drunken savage asleep, whom they cut into tlu' 
 head with a sword or lianger, but the savage jumped up and ran away a little distance and llu; 
 Dutch ran then back to the Fort. 
 
 Thomas Chambers is free again, five have been cut in tljc head with a hatchet, one lias Ijccn 
 shot dead, the Sergeant is still living with two others. 
 
 Fighting continued for seven days, niglit and uiorning. 
 
 This is to be given to the Honorable La Montagnlc at Fort Orayujc. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant: Melyn 
 
 SURRENDERS THE PATROONSHIP OF StATEN-IsLAND ; NO NEW COLONIES TO BE ESTAB- 
 LISHED IN New-Netherland; van der Capellln dead. 
 
 The 9"- of October 1659. 
 
 Honorable, Prudent, Dear and Faithful. 
 
 Ey the ship " ri'c Trouw"'* arrived here in safety on the ll"" of last month, we have duly re- 
 ceived your letters witli enclosures. Although we had deferred answering it to the next opportu- 
 nity, yet as among other passengers of the ship " de Liefde "f, going by way of Curacno, Cornells 
 Jlelyji comes over in her, we thought it especially necessary to inform you hei'ewith of the agree- 
 ment, made with him by us for the surrender of the patroonship over the colony of Statcn-Islaitd, 
 which he has reconveyed to the Company under such conditions, as you may learn from the an- 
 nexed copy of the contract. "We desire and wish, that its contents be strictly followed and that all 
 former charges and animosities, whatever they may have been, shall not only be buried in eternal 
 oblivion, but also be entirely banished from everybody's thoughts ; also that all possible and fair 
 assistance be given to him and his people, especially in the restitution of the money, at least as 
 far as the Company's funds can afford, for certain houses and lots of his sold there under execu- 
 tion in behalf of Daniel Mlchielsen, formerly master of the ship '■'■Niew-Nedei'landsche Fortuyn "^ 
 and in all other matters and respects : for we have found it necessary and best for the Company's 
 service. 
 
 You will further learn from this contract, tliat by revoking these privileges, given formerly, 
 we express our intention not to allow henceforth the establishment of new colonies in that country 
 upon such a footing ; for they are very disadvantageous to the Company. Although Baron van 
 der Cajjellen, who lately died, had assumed the title of Patroon of Staten- Island, we see little dif 
 Acuities in that, because his Honor had never been authorized thereto : for there is no reason and 
 it is entirely without precedent, to sustain his position on the private agreement made and entered 
 into here with Cornelis Melyn, who is now involved in a lawsuit about it with the heirs of the 
 Baron, or on a second purchase of the said island, which his Honor is said to have made later from 
 the savages. Especially the latter event makes it untenable on account of the consequences for 
 tlie Company. If therefore his Honor's heir should happen to follow his example in assuming the 
 same title, no long connivance can be allowed, but it must be prevented and resisted by proper 
 and discreet means, offering him and promising as much land upon the said Island, as under the 
 general rules he may be able to settle. 
 
 * I. c. tlie Faith. t I. c. the Love. J I. e. Ncw-Netherland Fortune. 
 
 1(J 
 
122 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Propositions made by Mohawk Sachems. 
 
 Present Extraordinary Session held at 
 
 J. LaMontagne Fort Orange, the 19'" of Oc- 
 
 Jeremias van Rensselaer tober 1659, to hear some prop- 
 
 Francis Boon ositions to be made by two Ma- 
 
 Andries Uerhertsen quaes Sachems, who are sent 
 
 Dirck Jansen Croon hy and speak for all of them. 
 
 Sander Leendertsen 
 Jan Yerheeck 
 Arent van Curler 
 Volckert Jansen. 
 
 1 . They say, it is veiy wrong, that the Dutch scold the savages so much without regard to 
 tribe, and tliat they call them " dogs " and " rascals " and they say even now, " You too are an 
 Esopus dog." They give a string of wampum. 
 
 2. They request, that the Dutch shall do no harm to any 3[a<iuaes, Mahicander or Katskil 
 savages, but that they live with them as brothers. 
 
 3. They have advised with their four Castles on account of the fighting between the Dutch 
 and the Esopus savages and inquire, whether we intend to go to war against the Esopus or whether 
 we here would keep quiet, for all their Sachems leave the decision about the war to us and desire 
 an answer. They give a string of wampum. 
 
 4. You say, yon have no war and that you will have none against savages. The savages are 
 very angry on that account, why do you say it, for you and the Manhattan people are one. The 
 Esopus might come now or next spring and kill the people on the out-lying places, what would 
 you then do, yon have no common sense. They demanded back the strings of wampum and 
 despatched a Mahikander Sachem to the Esopus, to bring here the Christian prisoners and the 
 Esopus chiefs, directing their messenger to give the three strings of wampum in the name of the 
 Maquaes, that the Esopus savages should do no harm to the Dutch up here and down at the 
 Katskil and release the Christian prisoners or else to proclaim Avar. 
 
 Leiter from Ensign Dirck SMrrii to Director Stuyvesant; progress of affairs 
 AT THE Esopus. 
 
 This is one of the papers, stolen from the files and returned March 22d, 1877, one month after the publica- 
 tion of the list of stolen documents. —Ed. 
 
 Honorable, Worshipful, Wise and Prudent Sir, Honorable Director-General of New-Nether- 
 land, Petrus Stuyvesant. 
 
 I beg to inform your Excellency herewith that on the evening of the 20"' &•" I have received 
 by savages a letter dated the 13"' inst., the contents of which I have well understood. As to the 
 Highland Indians, they numbered 110, as the Sachems said themselves at Thomas Siamhers' house. 
 They say also, that the Esoptis savages must deliberate 3 days more, before they can give a defi- 
 nite answer ; we expect also upon tlie statement of these savages, to get back our prisoners in 3 
 days, if they keep their promise, but we cannot rely on it with safety. On the 13"' we have 
 spoken with some savages here under the Fort, who called out to us, they would come upon us 
 
JVew York Iliiiiofical liecords. \-i:\ 
 
 with 400 men to fight. Regarding ourselves, we endeavor to keep good wateli and good oi-dcr. 
 In regard to Mr. LaMontagnie, I have liad no news since his Honor's departure ; tliese savages 
 inform us also, that the Eiioj^us still live ou their plantations and wu do not go out witli any soldiers 
 or other people. There is as yet no chance for tilling the land, for the farmers do not like to 
 endanger their horses and we do not now know any more to write to your Exey., except that wc 
 are all in good health, wliich we hope is also the case with your Excy. and remain 
 
 Your Excy's humble servant 
 Actum Esojms Dikck Sjutu. 
 
 the 20 8^" 1C59. 
 
 To the Honorable General 
 Petrus Stuijvesant 
 
 at the Manhatans. 
 
 Letter from Vice-Director La Montagne at Fort Orange to Ensign Smith ; 
 Mohawk and Mohican delegates are sent to Esopis to arrj\j<ge an ar- 
 mistice. 
 Copy. 
 
 Sir Ensign ! These two chiefs of the Maquaas and one chief of the Mahikandevs go to the 
 Esopus, to ransom the captive Christians* and make arrangements for an .irmistice, therefore your 
 Honor will not molest the savages, as long as the negotiations last, but be upon your guard and 
 do not trust the savages. Meanwhile write us, what has occurred there since the departure of the 
 Hon""'" General, to advise him thereof. 
 
 Your Honor's good friend and servant 
 At Fort Orange (signed) 
 
 2P' October A° 1659. La Montagne, Coinniissary 
 
 at Fort Orangt'. 
 
 On the 4"" of Xovember another letter of the same tenor as above was sent to the said Ensign 
 at the E^opus by a Sachein of the Mahikanders called Nitamoret. 
 
 Copy 
 
 Extract from a letter of Director Stuvvesant to the Directors in Holland : 
 bad condition of the country : siege of esopus : failure to raise volunteers : 
 
 StOYVESANT PROCEEDS WITH REINFORCEMENTS TO THE EsOPUS ) SIEGE RAISED. 
 
 Honorable, Wise, Prudent and Very Discreet 
 Gentlemen. 
 
 Gentlemen! The very precarious and dangerous condition of the country, which is so, that 
 according to the judgment of the most sensible and best minded people it has not been more dan- 
 gerous for years compels me to lay it before your Honors and inform you of it by a circuitous 
 route over Nem-England as well as over Virginia, hoping that one or the other letter may reach 
 your Honors before the sailing of the summer ships — 
 
] 24 Colonial Settlements on the Jliuhon River. 
 
 That your Honors may speodily send sucli succor and assistance, as your Honors, in their 
 usual wisdom, providence and linowledge, shall consider necessary for the maintenance and pro- 
 tection of this weak province and its inhabitants. 
 
 The circuitous route and consequent insecurity of transmission do not admit a particularization 
 of the present situation and distress of the country. Tlic enclosures will however give your Hon- 
 ors soine explanations in regard to it. 
 
 On the 22'' or 2;]'' of Septeml»cr we received by an expressly hired yacht from the inhabitants 
 of the Esopus, the letter marked A, by wiiich your Honors will learn the inconsiderate beginning 
 and from tiic letter marked B the sad consequences. I myself did not imagine from the first let- 
 ter, that the savages could be so well pre])ared, to resent the rash undertaking so quickly and wrote 
 to Mr. Lamontacjne, to settle the matter and bring it to an end, the more so, because, being about 
 to send 60 men besides the officer to the support of the Southr'iver and keeping here only six or 
 seven sick and unfit men, we found ourselves unprepared for a war with the savages. The coun- 
 try-people, made circumspect and frightened by the murder of four Christians, the unexpected 
 rencontre in the Enopus during the night from the 20'" to the 2P' of September and other bad 
 rumors, and fearing a new surprise and massacre began soon to flee everywhere, leave tiieir houses, 
 the corn just brought in and their cattle, even those living in the western villages on Long-Island 
 and on tiie bouweries on this island. I myself not believing the distress so great tried by showing 
 myself and riding about (notwithstanding my bad health made it difficult and troublesome) to 
 encourage the country-people to remain and to strengthen their villages : tli is resulted by means 
 of my personal presence in their taking courage and going to work and so far it has remained so, 
 tlianks to God! On the 29"' of September I rode to Breuclcelen, Midwout and Amesfoort and 
 after having made some ari'angeinents there, I received on my return late in the evening the letter 
 marked B, from which your Honors may learn the result of the inconsiderate action committed 
 tlie night before against some drunken savages. These woeful news came very unexpected to me 
 and were so much more distressing, as we were unprovided with soldiery, to assist the garrison at 
 tiie Esopus as quickly as they desired and their bad situation required, in which wc have however 
 not failed to do our duty, as is shown in my answer to that letter, marked C. 
 
 On the following day, tiie 30"' of September, I called together the Burgomasters, Schei)en 
 and tlie Captains of tlie trainbands and stated to them the distressed condition of the Esojnis and 
 that succor and relief were necessarily required, wliicli for the present could not be given except 
 witli tlie assistance of the citizens. They were xinanimous in their advice and opinion, that by 
 beating the drum a sufficient number of men could be got for the service or as volunteers, if the 
 savages, who might be captured, were declared prizes. Although this advice did not coincide with 
 my ideas, because it was an unsafe, or at least slow way and because there was great danger in 
 waiting, the Esopus people being then attacked and besieged already dm-ing 9 or 10 days and at 
 least 8 or 10 days more would pass, before we could be there with the relief, yet they prevailed 
 witli their unanimous advice. The captains of the citizens undertook to incite each as many of 
 his men as possible, two days were spent in this manner to enlist men, but few or none, any way 
 not more tlian G or 8 made their appearance, who wished or better said dared to be employed to 
 relieve the oppressed people at the Esopus. Such a terror and fear had taken hold of tlie citizens, 
 mucli more tlian of tlie country-])eople. Meanwliile Lieutenant Neuton was sent to the English 
 and Dutch villages: I myself called together the six soldiers of Ncw-IIaerlem, ?> from Staten- 
 Jsldiii/, tiie traiu-incn down to the clerks in our offices inclusive, to whom I joined four of my iiuuse- 
 
N'ew York Historical BecordH. 125 
 
 servants, three from my boiiwery, 5 or 6 newly enlisted men, making up a company of '.ii\ men. 
 The enlistments by beat of drum and the encouraging of volunteers thus went on slowly and in 
 the meantime I was from every side well posted and informed of the unwillingness of the citizens, 
 who encouraged and instigated each other not to let themselves be employed for the expedition to 
 the Ewpus, while the most inconsiderate ones even dared to say, that they were bound only to 
 defend their own place, that no citizen could be compelled, to place his body and life in danger 
 against barbarous savages. These and similar reports and talks made me very angry, anxious and 
 hopeless, to get a sufficient number of men in this manner, therefore I convened the magistrates 
 and captains of the trainbands the same evening, reminded them as before of the danger of delay 
 and that the ease required haste and progress : I told them, I had 3G to 40 men, soldiers as well 
 as train-men ready and hoped that 20 or 30 Englishmen would join from the villages, therefore I 
 directed them to assembld under arms the three companies of citizens earlj' next day, that I might 
 inform tliem of my resolution and demand, which was, first to try, by reminding them of their 
 honor and duty, who would step out as volunteer and join those, who were assembled there and 
 ready ; then, if this should not succeed, as I hoped, to detail one of the three companies by lot and 
 to punish those, who opposed, according to their merits. After some discussions they acquiesced 
 in my proposition. On the following day, the S"" of October, the three companies of citizens were 
 called out under arms and after reminding them of their honor and duty and how they would wish 
 to receive assistance and relief I said. If any volunteers, men of honor and courage, are willing and 
 resolved to go with mo (although I am aS yet weak from my sickness) either for monthly pay or 
 of their own free will and assist the besieged at the Esopus, and relieve them with God's help, 
 they could step forward and join the officers and train-men of the Company ; but few came for- 
 ward, not more than 24 or 25 men, which number was thought to be insufficient. Therefore one 
 of the 3 companies was immediately detailed by lot and the one, upon which the lot fell, was 
 ordered to be ready for embarcation the next Sunday after divine service, under a penalty of 50 
 guilders ; but if anybody was fainthearted or afraid, then he might find a substitute or be free 
 upon payment of the fine, provided he declared himself on the spot. A sense of honor and shame 
 compelled all to be silent. Meanwhile some provisions, ammunition and other necessaries were 
 brought on board of the yachts on that day and the following Saturday. On Sunday evening 
 after the last sermon the aforesaid company of citizens, numbering about one hundred, embarked 
 with the few officers and clerks and train-men, to whom canae late in the evening 24 or 26 Englisli- 
 men and hardly as many savages from Long-Island, our friends, who embarked the next morning. 
 AVe sailed on the 6'" Monday about noon, the wind not being quite favorable at first, arrived off 
 the Esopus Kil on the 10"', when the contrary wind and tide did not allow us to run intu the Kil 
 and land at tiie usual place. AYe had to land about a quarter of a mile below the Kil in (irdcr not 
 to lose any time and not to show any discouragement. The men got ashore at about noon and 
 marched immediately up to the settlement, — a march of about one hour and a half from the strand 
 — -a day and a half before the savages had left, after having made continual attacks and assaults 
 upon the settlement the previous night ; our people had had one man killed and 5 or wounded, 
 the number of the killed and wounded among the savages is as yet not known. The savages had 
 besieged and surrounded the place during 23 days, fired with liraiul-arrows one dwelling-house 
 and four grain stacks. After thanking the Lord and providing the place with ])ow(ler, lead, medi- 
 cines and other necessaries we left again with the citizens, the Englishmen and the savages the 
 next day towards evening, seeing no advantage could be gained from a pursuit of the savages, who 
 had been gone now 2 or 2^ days, because the land on the Esojnts was inundated and covered with 
 nearly 5 feet of water in conseipiencc of a heavy rain, which fc^Il al)Oiit the time, when the savages 
 
1 26 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 left. Plow far and where tlie Esopus savages liad retired during the time of 3 or 4 days, nia^' be 
 seen from the postscript to the letter marked — . 
 
 Right honorable Gentlemen! Against ray intention I have enlarged greatly in this report, 
 especially on the circumstances attending to the assembling of the men, only to inform your Hon- 
 ors with perfect truth, how difficult it would be to get any courageous men out of the community 
 here and how dangerous it is for an olficer, who has some regard for his oath, honor and duty, to 
 go into the field with such men. I am almost ashamed to write, that at our departure, while the 
 M-holo company of citizens could not be embarked all at once and half of it or more had to wait, 
 until the first were on board, the sentries and outposts created an alarm by discharging their pieces 
 2 or 3 times at the noise, made by a dog, as we found afterwards, whereupon many of the citizens 
 took to the water, before they had seen any enemy. I tell this here only, that your Honors may 
 form a correct idea of the present distress and situation of the country and may not allow the main- 
 tenance and protection of the country to depend on the body of citizens. 
 
 We wrote j'our Honors detailedly in our letter of the 4"" of September of the pretexts of some 
 English emissaries, to begin a village or settlement on this Northriver near the Wappinghs Kil ; 
 we have since been further informed, (as your Honors may see by the enclosure marked AA, 
 which is a letter from the General Committee of the 4 English Colonies* and our short provisional 
 i-eply), that their aim goes farther, as they intend to settle above, near or back of Fort Orange, 
 witho>it doubt to ruin and cut off our beaver-trade, as they have done, now 23 or 24 years ago, at 
 the house, the Hoj>e on the Fresh river. * * * * 
 
 * * •:;• * * * 
 
 (This letter was sent to the Directors under cover to Mr. Edward Man, merchant at Amsterdam.) 
 
 Letter from Ensign Smith to Director Stuyvesant ; an armistice concluded 
 WITH the Esopus Indians. 
 
 The first of November 1659, at the Esopus. 
 
 Noble, Worshipful, Wise and Prudent Sir . 
 Honorable Director-General Petrus Stwyvesant, 
 
 I beg to inform your Excy. herewith, that I received a letter from the Hon''"' Mr. Lamoniagne 
 on the 26"" of October by two Mahikanders. We learned from this letter, that your Excy. had 
 written to Mr. Lamontagne, we should make an armistice with the savages, if possible, which 
 directions his Honor gave us. The two aforesaid savages brought with them 2 small strings of 
 wampum from the Maquaas, one string from the Mahilcanders, also from the EatsHls 5 fathoms 
 of wampum as an offering of peace and armistice with the Esopus savages. The aforesaid savages 
 brought with them also an offering to the Esopus savages, to make them agree to an armistice with 
 us and the two 3lahikanders have been with the Esopws for 5 days and on the first of this month 
 tliey came back to us and brought with them 2 prisoners, a soldier and a free man. The soldier's 
 name is Pieter Lamertzen and that of the free man Peter Hillehrcmtzen and some Sachems came 
 
 '" Sec Records of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, Vol. IV, Part 1, p. 395, and Records of Plymouth Colony, 
 Acts of the Commissioners of tlie United Colonies of New England, Vol. X, p. 230. — Ed. 
 
New York Iliistorical litconh. 127 
 
 with the prisoners. The Sachems came at the instance of the Maqtiaas, Mahikandcrs and Kals- 
 His, to ask us for an armistice, to which we agreed for as long a time as it shall please the Hon'''' 
 General. Then the savages told us, that we might till our lands and sow again and do every- 
 thing, as we had done it before this. But we are nevertheless on our guard and expect the Ilon""^ 
 General, as do also the savages. Herewith closing I coininend your Excy. to the protection of the 
 Almighty. 
 
 Your Excy's hiuuhle servant 
 
 DiKCK Sirimi, Ensiijn. 
 To His Noble Honor 
 
 Petrus Stuyvesant 
 
 at the Manathans. 
 
 (Ensign Smith wrote a letter of the same tenor to Vice-Director Lamontagne at Fort Orange (Albany) on the 
 same day, for which see N. Y. Col. MSS., Vol. XIII, f. 53.) a \ j, 
 
 Letter from Ensign Ssirrn to Vice-Director Lamontagne at Fort Orange: 
 
 PKOGKESS of affairs AT EsOPUS. 
 
 The i;3'" November 1G59 
 
 Honorable "Worshipful Sir. 
 Honorable Director Lamontagne! 
 
 I beg to inform your Honor herewith, that I have received a letter dated the 2P' of last 
 month, as well as that I have received to-day a letter dated by your Honor the 10"' of November, 
 but the bearer hereof, Nietonnoret, Sachem of the Mahikanders, would then not wait so long, that 
 we could write to your Honor, but he engaged another savage to carry the letters the next day, 
 but tlie savage never came to fetch the letters and we hehave ourselves as friends hut they show 
 themselves as rascals ; it is true, we have got back 2 prisoners, but they keep the boy yet and have 
 killed all the others; it is true, we have made an armistice with them, hut none of the principal 
 Sachems have heen present. "We respectfully request, that a yacht may come here and that she 
 fire 3 or 4 signal shots, -when we will come to the strand with a guard. We have been twice on 
 the strand with soldiers, but did not discover any yachts, which astonishes us much and I request 
 your Honor, that His Honor the General may be informed of this letter and we wish, it were other- 
 wise, than what our condition now is. Closing I commend your Honor to God's protection. 
 
 Your Honor's humble servant 
 
 DiKCK Schmidt, Ensign 
 To the HonoraTjle Mr. Lamontagne 
 Commander at 
 
 Fort Oramje. 
 
 Mindtes of the Court of Fort Orange. ExTRAORniNAJJY Session Novbb 18™ 
 1659 to consider a letter, received from thk Dikectok-Genekai,. 
 
 The Hon'''^ Members of both the Courts met to consider a letter from the Hon''''' Gen- 
 eral to the Courts dated the 12'" 9''"', in which the General speaks of retaining the Esipus savages. 
 
128 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 About this matter we are still uncertain. As to speaking with the Katskils and Mahieanders, we 
 have come to the conclusion after due deliberation, that it is not necessary, as we do not know, 
 whether his Honor the General shall be able to carry out his plan, pursuant to his letter, for in 
 case the General could come to the desired agreement with the savages, as he writes, then it would 
 be utmecessary to exclude the Esopus savages from the Mahihcmders and Katskils at this time. 
 But as soon as we learn, that any fighting has been going on at the Esopus, we shall speak with 
 the said savages. 
 
 By order of both the Courts. 
 
 Johannes Peovoost, Clerk. 
 
 Letter from Dieectoe Stuyvesant (in his own handwefting) to Ensign Smith 
 AT THE Esopus: instructions foe the teeatment of the Indians and ordees 
 ro capture if possible 12 oe 15 of them and keep them as hostages. 
 
 Monsieur Ensign. 
 
 As the bearer, Derek Smitt, intends yet to make the trip to the Esopus, although it is uncer- 
 tain, whether the weather will permit the voyage, we did not like to lose the opportunity to send 
 you directions for the officers of the Company and the freemen, all according to the enclosed list, 
 besides to recommend to you, what you have been told by the Honorable Director, namely to treat 
 the savages as fair as possible until a better opportunity comes and to trade with them now and 
 then for maize and venison, when they come themselves and desire it * * ? and to give them 
 some goods in return ; but meanwhile you must be well on your guard and not allow the savages 
 to see or get information of the strength of the garrison ; you must therefore not let them come 
 farther into the fort, than Thomas Chambers' house between the pallisades and allow them as little 
 communication and conversation with the free people, as in any way possible and if it should hap- 
 pen, that some should remain in Thomas Chambers' house on account of bad weather, in such a 
 case you must remain there yourself aiid place there some other competent person, who understands 
 the language of the savages, so that no conversation can be held between the savages and our 
 people without your knowledge. 
 
 As to the order, left with you at the departure of the Hon""' General, to keep some savages in 
 the fort, we still wish it carried into eifect, but agreeable to the verbal instructions you must pro- 
 ceed herein with caution, when you can persuade 12, 15 or 20 together to come, for it would not 
 be worth while to begin with some 5 or 6. 
 
 We would further consider it advisable, not to carry out this project, until the river is open 
 again, unless it should suit you to make immediately on the evening after the capture of the savages 
 a sally and attack the nearest village of the savages : we must defer herein to your own discretion. 
 We hope to send you, as soon as the river opens, some more troops for assistance. You must 
 above all keep this order secret and promote as much as possible the threshing of the grain for the 
 seed-time, 
 ll'" December 1659. 
 
Neto Yorh Historical Records. 129 
 
 Lettek fkom Ensign Siirru -jo Director Stuyvesant ; kepoiits tue I'kogkess of 
 
 AFFAIKS AT THE ESOPUS. 
 
 The 1?" X'''% from tlie Esojnifi. 
 
 Noble, "Worshipful, AViso and Prudent Sir! 
 Honorable Director-General of Ncio-Ncthc/iniid. 
 
 I beg to inform your E.xey., that we luive had a talk M'ith the savages on tlie 12"' and 1-i"' 
 inst. and wo rciiroached them for not coming to his Honor, the General, when your Honor was 
 here. AVhereupon they answered, they were afraid of his Honor and dare not come near his 
 Honor and the savages make great promises now, that they would like to be friends with us and 
 do harm to no one and we too gave thoin good words and treated them friendly : they pi-oinised to 
 bring us maize in exchange for cloth, but they did not come. I have received 3 letters from your 
 Honor and a fourth, which I shall do my best to send to Fort Orange. I have read the contents 
 of the letter marked DC and will keep it safe, as directed, if your Honor will trust me and I hoiie, 
 it will go. Kegarding the letter about the wheat, which is due to your Honor for the cloth, I 
 shall forward as much as possible. I send your Honor the probable measure (? loop-rnden). I 
 have received 1 piece of linen from skipper Dlrch Vctsen with some buttons and 4 kettles, and 
 the Honorable General will please to excuse me, as we have no time to write more, for the yacht 
 juust depart directly and I wish a happy New- Year to the Hon'""' General and your Excy" whole 
 family. 
 
 Your servant 
 
 DiKCK SiiiDT, Ensign. 
 
 In regard to the remaining bags, of v/hich tlie Hon"'" Secretary writes, I have made inquiries, 
 but could learn nothing of them nor what had become of them : but I shall continue to do my best. 
 
 To the Honorable Director-General 
 Petrus Stuyvesant 
 
 at the Jlanat/ums. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Director Stittvesant : 
 English settlements on the Norturiver must be prevented : Rev. Harmanus 
 Bloem returns to New-Netherland. 2-2" Decbr. 1659 received 5^° April 16(10. 
 
 Thus far in answer tr> your Honors' first letter of the 23'' of July; we now come to the sul>- 
 sequent letters of the 4"' IC"" and 17"' September, in which the principal topic is the distressing 
 condition and decline of the City's Colony* ; as we have replied to this in our last, we shall pass 
 it over here and come to the one, which follows, that is the inclination of and the effort.s made by 
 the Ewjlish, to form a settlement on the Northriver near the Wajypinghskil ; we judge the reasons 
 Til prevent the En- and difficulties. Stated by your Honors regarding this, worth consideration; also 
 fand3ln'tL''Nor'th *^^'^''" a^vicc, to anticipate this nation: therefore their coming in and settling 
 river. inust above all be prevented and hindered by whatever means it can be done witli- 
 
 * New Amstol, now New-Castlo, Del. See Col. Doc., Vol. XII.— Ed. 
 17 
 
loO Colonial Settlements on the Hndmn River. 
 
 out difficulty, as there is no other passage to that place, than along the Northriver. The English 
 government here in this country is, we believe, not in a position to care for or trouble itself about 
 N. B. such aifairs and illegal usurpations in foreign countries, we are nevertheless glad to 
 
 hear of your Honors' intention to buy the land in that neighborhood in order to make our right 
 indisputable and thus to avoid all further cavilling as much as possible, for they often make won- 
 dei-ful claims elsewhere, which cause here great troubles and dissatisfaction. "We shall not rest in 
 the meantime, but make efforts, to get some farmers, (for whose accommodation farming implements 
 are going over now) towards spring, for which we shall also call upon the Polish nobleman Lodem 
 BaoJdo* and others for help and assistance, that henceforth the expenses, which the Company 
 incurs in bringing over such people, may become a source of profit. We intend also to look about 
 for some young fellows of 15, 16 or more years, whom we shall not be afraid of sending over at a 
 monthly salary of 4 guilders, trusting tiiat they will be in demand and may be employed in pro- 
 moting agriculture. In that case the masters, who shall hire them, must refund to the Company 
 the sums advanced for the passage and handsel of the boys, farmers and farm laboi-ers. Close 
 attention must be paid to their conduct and work : the indolent must be compelled to work, for it 
 is at least their duty to repay by their labor the sums advanced to them. You will make such 
 regulations in this matter, as you will deem best for the welfare of the Company and the com- 
 munity. 
 
 We have lieard with deep regret, that the savages have again mui-dered six Cliristians there : 
 Separate habita- as this Can Only be prevented by the concentration of the separate dwellings, the 
 t^onsto e pro i people must, necessarily, be compelled to submit to it as a measure, founded upon 
 sound political reasons and adopted for the benefit and preservation of the community. Meanwhile 
 you must endeavor to obtain possession of the murderers or at least of some members of their tribe, 
 which, we think, would serve to get hold of the others by means of threats : or else you must 
 Murders of Chris- punish the iiiuocent, iu the hope of checking these barbarous tribes. You ought 
 compounded, but Under no circumstauces settle such murders of Christians by composition, but 
 the murderers or ratlier take the chance to fall upon them tooth and nail. For this purpose we 
 to be punished. provide you with the desired saddles and ammunition of war, as the enclosed 
 invoices show, so that you may make use of them upon this or other occasions. 
 D° Biom engaged. At your Ilonors' recommendation we have engaged here D" Ilarmanus Blom 
 
 wlio now goes there as preacher at a yearly salary of 600 guilders, the balance up to 1000 or 1200 
 guilders, which is to be raised by the community, must not be counted and paid to him by them, 
 but by your Honors, as chief-magistrates, for reasons, which your Honors will easily cennprehcnd ; 
 the proper manner, in which this is to be carried out, is left to your Honors' judgment. 
 
 EXTHACT FEOM A I.ETTEE OF StUYVESANT TO THE DIRECTORS IN HoLLAND : ATTITUDK 
 
 OF THE SAVAGES AT Esopus. 26'"' Decbk 1659. 
 
 In regard to matters with the savages here and at the Esopus : they have done little since 
 
 * The war carried on successfully at this period by King Frederic of Denmark, with the assistance of the 
 Dutch, against Charles Gustavus of Sweden and Poland, seems to have brought tlie Dutch into closer connection 
 with Poland and put this notion into the heads of the Directors. — Ed. 
 
New Yorh Historical Recorda. 131 
 
 our last, apparently and without doubt hindered and kept bade by the uufavorableness of the win- 
 tor ; they cannot be trusted however, which makes us keep on our guard, draw in the separate 
 dwcllnigs and surround the distant Dutch villages with pallisades ; we have not been able to come 
 to a conference witli the Esopm savages, as is shown by the written report of the Hon''''' Director- 
 General under letter H. Meanwhile other savages, who are at present our ap])areut friends, inform 
 and warn us, that the Esojms are decidedly bent on war; they solicit urgently help and alliance 
 from other tribes ; the separate bouweries of the Colony of Renselaerswyck aiid the imminent lack 
 of bread stuff, in case it should bo destroyed or fired, before the grain was threshed, coin])el us to 
 abstain from hostilities against the Esopus savages and their allies for the present and to await a 
 better and more suitable time, whidi your Honors may find in detail in the aforesaid written report 
 and the copy of a letter on this mlijcct si'ut by the Hon''''-" General to the authorities of /'b/-^ 
 Orange and the Colony of Rcnstlarr.sirijcJi, here annexed under lit. I. On c more we request 
 yoin- Honors respectfully, to consider quickly and timely their own interests, the preservation of 
 the country and the safety and welfare of the inhabitants and send us over such orders and means, 
 as the enclosed list calls for or as your Honors shall deem necessary and serviceable in their wonted 
 wisdom and far-seeing observation. There is no question, that if tlie countryman in a new country 
 cannot plough, sow and harvest without being molested, or the citizen and trader may not travel 
 unhindered on streams and rivers, they will botli leave and transport themselves to such a govern- 
 ment and dwelling places, where they shall be better protected. 
 
 Lettee from Ensign Swrru to Dikectok L.vmontagne on affaius at Esopus. 
 
 The 28"' X''" 1659, at Ksojnis. 
 
 Noble, "Worshipful, "Wise ana Prudent, 
 Honorable Mr. De Lamontagnc. 
 
 I beg to inform your Honor, that his Honor the General has oeen here on the 28"' of Novem- 
 ber and that he has taken away the grain which had been threshed and he went off on the 3d X''". 
 On the 16"' X*"" a yacht from the Manathans arrived here, by which I received several letters 
 from the Hon''''^ General, also a letter to the Court of Fort Orange^ which I could not dispatch 
 sooner than by the bearer hereof: and after tlie departui-e of the yacht several savages have been 
 here and they brought with them 2 deer and 2 or 3 turkeys, for which we traded with them and 
 we treated them friendly and his Honor the General desired to have a letter sent to your Honor, 
 but I had no chance to forward it and I have received your Honor's letter on the 27"' X""' and 
 \inderstand, that your Honor's letter was to be sent to the Menates, but after the departure of the 
 Hon*"" General nothing of importance has occurred here, of which I could make a special report to 
 his Honor, except that 7 or 8 savages have been here. We remain however watchful, as w-e have 
 been before. I wish a happy New- Year to your Honor and whole family and remain 
 
 Your Honor's faithful servant 
 To His Honor DmcK iSMnii, Ensign. 
 
 Mr. De Lamontagac 
 Commander at 
 Fort Orange. 
 
132 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Letter from the sajie to Director Stuyvesant, on affairs at Esopus. 
 
 The 28"' X^" 1659, at Esopus. 
 
 Noble, Honorable, Wise and Prudent Sir, 
 Honorable Director-General of Nexo-Netherland. 
 
 I beg to inform your Excy, that I received to-day by a Maquaas a letter from the Hon*'" 
 Montague at Fort Orange and that I have forwarded the letter, destined for the Court at Fort 
 Orange, by the same Maquaas. I further inform your Honor of the condition of Fsoj)us. After 
 the departure of the last yacht of B^rck Schmidt on the IS"" or 19"" X''", we have talked with the 
 savages and they promised to come again to supply us with meat and com, which they did the 
 next day with 2 deer and 2 or 3 turkeys. Our people bought them for wampum and traded one 
 turkey for a small box full of powder, upon which they insisted eagerly, apparently to discover, 
 whether we were well intentioned or not and when they had received the small box of powder they 
 said, we were now good, and promised to come henceforth every day with Indian corn, but they staid 
 away and forgot to return and the savages still live at their places and we hope by the help of God 
 Almighty to lead them with good words and inducements until the proper occasion, which the 
 spring will indicate with God's help and I and my men are still thrifty and in good health and I 
 expect the grain, of which your Honor has written ; I shall do my best to get it together for your 
 Honor's cloth. As to the missing bags, I have got back three of them and shall look about for 
 the rest. I do not know to write any more to your Honor this time, but to wish a happy New- 
 Year to your Exey. and tlie whole family and remain 
 
 Your Excellency's hinnble servant 
 
 DiRCK Smit, Ensign. 
 
 To the Noble, Worshipful, Wise and Prudent, His Honor Petrus Stuyvesant, Director-Gen- 
 eral of New-Netherland at the Manathans. 
 
 Letter from Abraham Staas of Bbaverwyck (Albany) to Director Stuyvesant : 
 disposition of the Esopus Indians ; the Mohawks promise to make peace with 
 THE Canada Indians. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant Sir. 
 
 Sir ! Besides wishing happiness, prosperity and good success in the New- Year, these few lines 
 are only to inform you, that since the departure of the last yachts nothing special has occurred, 
 which is worth while the writing, except that the Esopus savages keep very quiet now, but some 
 well-known Mahikanders say, that they do so, in order to carry out their intentions so much 
 better and are watching for the chance of a surprise, when the Dutch will not expect it and then 
 to kill every body, whom they can. They have also stated to the aforesaid Mahikanders in plain 
 words, that they would not allow the Dutch to live any longer on the Esopus, only one house on 
 the bank of the Kil close to the river for their own convenience, to get some necessaries for their 
 own use. The Maquaes keep away from the Esopus savages at present, they have not been there 
 at all and say, that they mostly go out to catch beavers. It is also asserted, that the Sinnekcs are 
 
New Yovh Illstorical Heconls. \ivi 
 
 at war with the Minquaes and Biver Indians at the South.* As to the coming of the French 
 whom the Maquaes have expected so long, it is again all quiet now. They say, they will briiio- 
 back to Canada the French prisoners in the spring and then make a solid peace with the Frcftch. 
 We are all in good health for which God the Almighty be praised and thanked for His mercy. 
 We hope from the bottom of our hearts to hear the same in regard to your Hon'"" Worship, which 
 would please us very sincerely. Closing herewith I commend your lion''"' Worship and family to 
 the protection of the Almighty with our cordial greetings. 
 
 I am and remain Your Honor's humble subject and very obedient 
 B,averwi/ck Ann am Staas. 
 
 16'" January A" 1660. 
 
 To the Honorable, Valiant, Rigorous His Honor Petrus Stnijvesant, Director-General of H. 
 Netherlands Curacao and the islands thereof at Fort Amsterdam. 
 
 Lettek from Vice-Directok Lamontagne at Fort Oran(;e (Albany) to Director 
 Stuyvesant : reporting i'R0(;ress of the affairs at Esopus. 
 
 Honorable, A'aliant and Worshipful Sir. 
 Sir 
 
 It having been reported by several savages that the Dutch on the Fsojjus had attacked tlie 
 Esopus savages, killed and captui'ed many of them, among whom three Sachems, I was induced, 
 (in order to ascertain the truth) to send a Maquaes there on the 23 X"" last past, with a letter to 
 the Ensign. This savage arrived here on the S'' instant, bringing an answer from the said Ensign, 
 which is here inclosed, as well as the copy of my letter. The said savage brought among other 
 letters one from the Ilon""^ General, directed to both the courts, which I communicated to them 
 immediately. After they had read it, they were greatly astonished on account of the rascality of 
 the Maquaes, called Adoquatho, who was sent by them to your Honor ; but they presmne that 
 the interpreter, whom your Honor employed at the Esopus, could not understand this savage quite 
 well and that, as it is very probable, the Maquaes had told him, what he had said here, to cause 
 a continuation of the alliance, namely, that the Maquaas and the Dutch were brothers and bound 
 by one chain since a long time : if this chain were broken, they would all be very much distressed 
 and weep like children. Hearing however that the said savage has arrived here or in the Maqitaas 
 country, we shall examine him in regard to this matter, as your Honor will see by the answers of 
 the two courts, here enclosed. 
 
 We hear so far nothing bad of the savages, they behave themselves more civil and modest, 
 than they have done formerly. Expecting your Honor's answer I remain 
 
 Your Hon"'" Worship's humble 
 At Fort Orange and obedient servant 
 
 16'" January A" 1660. Lamontaone. 
 
 To the Ilonoralilc, Valiant and Worshipful, His Honor Petrus Stiii/iiesant Director-Gen' and 
 Council of iV. Netherland -At Fort Amstrrdani. 
 
 * Soo Vol. XII. 
 
134 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Letter fkom Ensign SMrrn at Esopps to Director Stdyvesant : ague preva- 
 lent: HEAVY SNOW-STOKMS. 
 
 The 19'* of January 1660, at Ksojnis. 
 
 Noble, "Worshipful, Wise and Prudent Sir. 
 Honorable Director-General of JVew-JVei/ierland, 
 Petrus Stuyvesant. 
 
 I beg to inform your Excy. that on the 28"' of December a MaquMs from Fort Orange sent 
 by his Honor Lamontagne has been here, to whom I have given the letter, intended for the magis- 
 trates there, and I have also given him a letter, intended for the Hon'''* General, but I believe, 
 that your Honor shall receive the one by this savage first and I have received no letter by this 
 savage from his Honor Montague. So much snow has fallen at present, that we cannot make the 
 savages travel. Once a while a savage comes here, but they bring nothing and we treat them with 
 great kindness, as well as we can. As to our people, they are in fairly good health, only fever 
 begins to trouble them here and there and the Ensign has also the fever and Cadet Ilendrick Teii^ 
 nissen from Suytloh died of a severe rupture on the 4"" of January and I do not know to write 
 anything special this time, than to commend your Excy. and his whole family to the Lord and we 
 remain constantly on our guard as we have done formerly, for the savages hereabout cannot be 
 trusted and I remain your Excy's faithful servant 
 
 DiKCK Smh', Ensign. 
 
 To the Noble, Worshipful, Wise and Prudent His Honor the Director-General of New-Neth- 
 erland Petrus Stuyvesant at the 
 
 ]\fa7iatha7is. 
 
 Le'itek from Director Stuyvesant to (Ensign Smith at Esopus) recommending 
 
 CAUTION AND CIVILITY TOWARDS THE InDIANS ETC. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant Sir: 
 
 Your favors of the 28"' of December and 19"" of January have been duly received on the 26"' 
 inst. through tho savage, who brings this. As since our last of the 11"" December no or only 
 slight changes have taken place here and on the Esoj>us, therefore we refer to our former letter 
 and repeat again the orders, which we then gave you, namely, to be as civil and outwardly kind as 
 possible towards the savages and to accommodate them occasionally with goods in exchange for 
 maize and venison, when they come to ask for it, even now and then (to deprive thern of all sus- 
 picions) with half a pound or a pound of powder and some lead, but you must be, above all, upon 
 your guard and not allow the savages to see or get information of the strength of the garrison. 
 
 As to the further orders, given you before this, to inveigle some savages into the fort, when 
 occasion ofifers and keep them there, that must be carried out with special caution. I consider it 
 expedient, not to attempt it sooner, than when the sloops begin again to sail and when we can assist 
 you from here with men, provisions and ammunition of war, unless, as I said in my former letter, 
 you believe yourselves sufficiently strong, to make, directly after taking them, an attack on the 
 nearest village of the savages, which we must leave to your own discretion. 
 
 We hope and wish, that at the receipt of this letter you and your men will again lie fresh and 
 
Netv York Historical Records. ' 135 
 
 in good liealth, meauwliile we coiiiiuuiid you all to the protection of God and remain witli our 
 greetings 
 
 Honorable, Valiant Sir, 
 29"' January 1660. Your affectionate friends. 
 
 Leiter from Ensign SMrrn at Esopus to Vice-Director Lamontagne at Fort 
 Orange (Albany) : condition of affaies at his post : iiis garrison 7U men. 
 
 The 5"' of February 1660, at Empus. 
 
 Honorable, Worshipful and Prudent Sir. 
 
 Honorable Mr. Delamontagne. I inform your Honor, tliat this savage arrived here from the 
 Manuthes on the 4"' inst. and he has brought me a letter from the Hon"'''^ General. I could not 
 oinit to inform your Honor by this opportunity, that everything here has remained in the state, in 
 which it was before and now and then a few savages come here, but we do not trust them far nor 
 they us and we show them much kindness, as directed by the General. I speak fair to them, that 
 they .shall l)ring us some venison or maize, but they bring us little and our storehouse is not well 
 ])i-ovided with bacon and meat for 70 men, but we hope, that with a change of the weather we 
 shall receive sufficient victuals. I do not know of anything more to write to your Honor this time, 
 except that we are constantly on our guard as formerly and commend your Honor to the protection 
 of the Almighty and remain your Honor's 
 
 Humble servant 
 
 UiKCK Smitt Ensign. 
 
 To the Honorable, Worehipful, Wise :ui<l Prudent His Honor Dciaiiiontafjne, Commander at 
 Fort Oramje. 
 
 Proposals of Director Stuvvesant respecting the measures to be adopted 
 against tue hostile Lndians at the Esopus and answers of tmk Cou.vcir, to 
 
 THEM. 
 
 Propo.sitions made to the Honorable 
 Council and the r.urgomasters of this 
 City. 
 Honorable Gentlemen. 
 
 Nobody, unless he be a stranger or a new arrival in JSfew-Netherland, can be ignorant of the 
 injuries, massacres and murders, which the savage barbarians, natives of this country, have from 
 time to time committed and inflicted, contrary to the treaty of peace made and several times 
 renewed and their fair promises, upon the Dutch Colonists and inhabitants of this newly opened 
 province, not to mention the murders in the time of the Honorable Mr. Kl<'ft and the dreadful 
 massacre in our time in the year 16.55, during which about 50 to 60 were slaughtered and killed 
 mostly in cold blood, besides that about one hundred souls were taken prisoners, whom we had to 
 ransom from the barbarians' hands at a high price. 
 
 More than 20 Christians have been unexpectedly killed at different times and places in and 
 about their houses and isolated dwellings during the twelve years of our administration. 
 
136 ' Colonial Settlements on the Hudson liiver. 
 
 It is too dreadful and unbearable for a nation, loving honor and liberty and delivered by the 
 blessing of God from Spanish tyranny and inc^uisition ; Your Honors are aware of what has passed 
 and been done to the inhabitants of the Esopus by the barbarians and it is therefore unnecessary, 
 as it is still fresh in your memories, to trouble your Honors with details, while in my present prop- 
 ositions I have no intention to demonstrate by a tedious relation what has passed, how we have 
 fallen into this abyss but how we may get out of it with the least expense and the most honor, 
 how for the greater safety of our good inhabitants, honor to our nation and the public welfare 
 such murders and massacres may in f utui'e be prevented as juuch as possible, for which I first desire 
 your Honors' good advice and then faithful assistance. 
 
 The boldness of the JEsojp^is Indians, first in capturing 12 or 13 well-armed farmers and sol- 
 diers, in the actual siege of and attack on the well-palHsadoed settlement, the fearful murder of 
 the greater part of the aforesaid prisoners, contrary to promises and after receiving and keeping 
 the offered ransoTu, is, with submission to better reason and wiser judgment, too ignominious and 
 unbearable for an honor and liberty loving nation and it is therefore my opinion, in consideration 
 of the suffered injuries and the restoration of the almost ruined Batavian reputation (as one sav- 
 age considers himself now as good as two Dutchmen) and on account of the fertility of the lands 
 (directly ready for the plough without roding of trees or bushes and settled with 2 or 3 villages, 
 each of 20 to 24 families, which according to the convenience of tlie place are able and capable 
 each to produce every year as much grain, as all the Dutch, and English villages in New-Neth- 
 erland together are as yet able to produce) that it is necessary to make war on the Esopus Indians, 
 nsing all imaginable means to get the advantage of them and to cariy^ it on against them as vigor- 
 ously as possible; when, with what forces and means, thereto my propositions demand your Hon- 
 ors' consent or better advice and judgment. 
 
 After calling upon God for his assistance and blessing, and confessing our sins, which are the 
 causes of all general punishments and obstacles to all desirable results, the following considerations 
 and means would bo necessarily required thereto. 
 
 We are credibly informed by verbal and written reports of the continued sinister and deceitful 
 intention of the aforesaid Esopus barbarians to make peace with us and to be in readiness for a 
 blow and attack our people unexpectedly, when they are in their fields, while some even dare to 
 say, they would have no Dutch on the Esopus, except one house on the bank of the Kil, to provide 
 them with the necessary commodities. 
 
 As violence is encountered by violence, so cunning may be opposed by cunning and the enemy, 
 desiring to make only a pretended peace, may be diverted, allured and entrapped with so much 
 more justice, as we have painful proofs of their deceit and credible reports of their falseness and 
 of the murders committed by them binder the pretext of peace. 
 
 I believe, submitting however to wiser judgment and better information, that a diversion is 
 necessary and under cover of it an expedition, which must be entrusted to but few, whether suc- 
 cessful or not ; then we must make war and carry it on first against the Esopus tribe alone in their 
 dwelling places and wherever they may retreat to. 
 
 To begin this, according to human ideas the sooner the better, with God's help and blessing, 
 140 to 150 resolute men, soldiers as well as volunteers, would be required and necessary for the 
 first attack, besides 20 to 30 to remain in the settlements. The greatest diSiculty is, where to get 
 these from. 
 
 It is true, the Hon''''' Company has in its service in this province about 200 men and more, but 
 your Honors know well, that they are scattered here and there according to the situation and the 
 unavoidable demands of the country, so thr.t we cannot get together, 'lere and at the Esopus, more 
 
JS'cw York J//.s(orical lieconls. 137 
 
 tlum 120 men and although we could make up the miinhcr for the expedition against the K^djjus 
 Indians, it is, in my judgment, considering late trials, not advisable thus to deprive at once this 
 and other places of their garrisons, so that upon one or the other occasion we would have no sol- 
 diers immediately ready. The troubles and ditHetdties, which we have had to get some men for 
 the relief of our people on the Esojms, when the Hon''"' Company's soldiers had been sent to the 
 Southrivery are of a late date and well known to your Honors all, which relief would been given 
 easier, sooner and with less trouble, if we had had a moderate number of soldiers at hand. 
 
 For this reason it is necessary, to prevent in future such inconveniences, that these principal 
 places, at least this island remain garrisoned by 50 or 00 soldiei-s, so that in case of a disastrous 
 rencontre, fresh succor might be sent to the Esojjus or in ease of more and other savages rising, the 
 villages on Long-Island and elsewhere might speedily be succored, before the country and the 
 fields are deserted to the great disadvantage of the inhabitants. Therefore I believe it is necessary, 
 to enlist, if possible, GO or 70 soldiers more, without distinction as to nationality, at least for the 
 time and until we receive assistance fi-om the Fatherland by fresh recruits, for it is, according to 
 my poor judgment, best and most expedient, to resent the affronts, done to us, by making with all 
 possible force and means an aggressive war first against the Esojnis Indians and afterwards against 
 those who may have assisted or countenanced them. 
 
 To restore the almost ruined glory of the Dutch nation, to hope for an early success by force 
 of arms and freedom for the open country, instead of ruining ourselves, burdened for the sake 
 of defense with so much soldiery and expecting and waiting for an uncertain improvement of 
 savage barbarous tribes, not fettered by any form of government or laws or divine service, 
 
 That all this might be continued and carried out with some expectation of success, the fol- 
 lowing propositions are referred to your Honors' better judgment and information. 
 1. Not to engage ourselves too far, before we do not see a prospect of success against the Ksojnifi 
 savages and are assisted from the Fatherland. My advice would be to overlook the suffered inju- 
 ries, especially the murders lately committed at Mespathhil and to keep the savages about here 
 as quiet as possible and to renew the peace with them upon as fair and conciliatory conditions as 
 possible, until they give the slightest provocation. It is notorious and everybody knows from 
 experience that the min-ders and massacres committed on Christians in this vicinity from time to 
 time have been the result of the isolated habitations and have never happened, where 10 or 12 
 persons have dwelt together in a kind of village, which to prevent as much as possible in future, 
 it is necessary to renew and execute the well-intentioned order of the Lords-Directors and the 
 jilacat, resulting therefrom, of the Director-General and Council, to discountenance all separate 
 habitations and farm-buildings as well on Long-Idand as at other places, to exhort and if possible 
 give some assistance to these people and encourage them to live together in villages or form new 
 settlements on the most suitable and best places and secure the same, further to prohiljit by post- 
 ers and warn the Indians, that they must in future not come into or near such villages Avith their 
 arms, under penalty of losing them. 
 
 3. It cannot be doubted, that, if the farmer should be compelled to leave his village and fields or 
 run considerable risk to have his horses and cattle killed in the open country, which cannot be 
 kept in the stables and witliin the villages during the summer, very pernicious inconveniences, as 
 poverty, famine and finally desolation and complete abandoning would be the consequences. To 
 prevent this as far as possible, it is not only necessary to keep the beforementioned reserve-detach- 
 ment of about 60 to 70 soldiers here and in the neighborhood, besides those, who are required for an 
 aggressive war on the Esopua, but also to have a mounted guard, to patrol and make rounds on this 
 18 
 
138 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 and on Long-Island^ in the neighborhood of the vilLages and settlements now and then for tlie, if 
 possible, better protection of the animals and laborers, who have to plough, sow, mow and work 
 outside of the villages every day ; the following propositions may answer, to execute this so much 
 better and with the least inconvenience. 
 
 We must consider, that as long as the state of the open country is so unsafe and as many will 
 be compelled to leave their habitations and fields, the inhabitants of the villages and hamlets as 
 well as of pallisadoed settlements will be very iinwilling, many even unable to raise the tithes now 
 due, of which as yet very little has been paid and very little may be expected for the present : also 
 whether (in order to have ready in an emergency, besides the before required force as foundation, 
 some more troops, footsoldiers as well as horsemen) we shall propose to the magistrates and inhab- 
 itants of the villages an exemption from tithes for a period of 5 or 6 years, provided that each 
 keep in readiness 6, 8 or 10 men, according to their situation, subject to the command of the 
 Director-General and Council, either for attack or for defense, as the necessity and the situation of 
 the country may require, even if we had to promise them proper pay in case of an aggressive war 
 and relief and indemnification according to the articles of war, if the service in the active troops 
 was prolonged. 
 
 5. Whereas the mounted service, necessary for the abovementioned reasons, but also more expens- 
 ive, requires more incentive and encouragement, I am of opinion, that it is necessary to keep with 
 the foot-militia, a few horsemen, at first 12, IG or 18, and in order to incite others, to establish a 
 general stable and provide this during the winter with fodder and 25 schepels of oats for each 
 horse, the balance at the charge of those who desire to keep there a good and suitable horse, to be 
 used in the public service, if necessity required it : if such a horse be shot in an attack from our 
 side, one-half of its loss shall be borne by the commonwealth, the other half by the owner, in whose 
 option it shall be, to do service in person, to put another suitable person on it or to let one be 
 chosen by the Director-General and Council, on condition that during an aggressive expedition he 
 shall draw pay like the regular horsemen of the Hon'^"^ Company. Done at Fort Amsterdam in 
 New-Netherland, the 9"' February A" 1660. 
 
 The foregoing propositions were read in the meeting of the Honorable Council and the Bur- 
 gomasters of this City by the Right Honorable Director-General and a copy thereof was handed 
 to each of them, that they might deliver their advice iipon them at the next meeting or sooner. 
 Date as above. 
 
 Answer of the Honorable JVicasiiis de Sille 
 12"' February 1660. ' to the propositions of the Eight Hon"'^ Di- 
 
 rector-General, written by himself. 
 
 On the first proposition de SilJe agrees with the opinion of the Hon"'" General, adding how- 
 ever that no mention ought to be made of it, before we shall have heard the result of Onc/jues' 
 plan. 
 
 As to the second, he thinks well of it and the sooner the better, that nobody of the scattered 
 settlers shall be indulged, but they must be constrained and if necessary assisted to pull down. 
 
 On the third de Sllle also agrees with the hon""' General, but he thinks it is necessary, to keep 
 here 100 or more soldiers, so that, in case an alarm was caused here or there in one or the other vil- 
 lage, each place might be assisted with some soldiers ; he thinks it further advisable, to bring together 
 a file of horsemen under the command of a good corporal and horseman, to live in or near the 
 stable, to watch it and that good fodder is provided at the Company's or the country's expense, of 
 wiiich they would liave to take good care as well as of the arms and that these might be enlisted 
 and employed not only as horsemen, but also as dragoons. 
 
Ktiv Yol-h IL's/orkrd Beeords. 139 
 
 Hcgarding the fonrtli, ho would )iot find it advisable to remit the tithes for a period, but to 
 farm them out and to buy with tiio proceeds as much com and long fodder or at least short fodder, 
 as it will pay foi", for the horsemen may well be told, where to make hay, as there are about here 
 on Long-Island sutficient public meadows and I think, that, if we were to rely on the farmers, 
 they would in case of need or danger do their best to bring away with their own people and horses 
 their own property and save their wives and children, instead of defending their villages. 
 
 To the 5"' de Sille says, that the cavalry stable must have nothing in common with the stable 
 of the volunteers, for then some might think, that the cavalry-men must serve them as servants, 
 feed their horses better and take better care of them, than of others, they would spare also their 
 own horses and ride every day and overexert the cavalry horses and ruin and break their horse- 
 equipments, from whence often quarrels and squabbles would arise. 
 
 The stable of the volunteers must also have a good superintendent, as above said, but no con- 
 nexion with the cavalry-stable and then they must be enaployed, as the Hon''''' General says. 
 
 The riders or dragoons must be enlisted for cadet's pay and they must go, one fourth of them 
 every four days, into the stable, not only to mount guard there for 24 hours, but also to clean all 
 the horses and the stable and provide them with water and feed. 
 
 As to the recruiting, to get more men, it seems necessary, that the Swedtsh sergeant should 
 be dispatched by the first opportunity, to go to the Swedish quarter on the Southrlver and enlist 
 there as many Swedes and Finns, as he can get for our service, for those, who arc not fit for sol- 
 diers, are fit for peasants and it would cause a reduction of the Swedish quarter, while it would 
 strengthen us here.* 
 
 It seems to me further, that, when the report of enlistments being made becomes known among 
 the people, a tax of the 40"' penny for assistance of the recruiting and maintenance of the levies 
 could easily be levied, also a tax on cattle for the time until a firm peace is made between the bar- 
 barians and our nation. Done at Fort Aimfo-dam in New-Wctherland, date as above. 
 
 NicAsius DE Sille, 
 
 (,'ouncillor. 
 
 The propositions, made by the Honorable Director-General vcrlially and in writing in the 
 meeting of the Q"" iust. have been seriously considered by mc, tlic undersigned, and I find them 
 to contain in substance : 
 
 First, a short relation of the injuries, massacres and murders committed by the cruel barbarous 
 natives against our nation, whereby the legality of making war on the Esojms Indians, if it is so 
 concluded by a majority of votes, is established. 
 
 2* Causes and reasons, why it is necessary to make war on the Esopns Indians, of which as 
 the most prominent is mentioned, to resent the suffered injuries, then, to restore the almost ruined 
 Batavian reputation and further to obtain peaceful possession of the land. 
 
 Thirdly, some propositions as to when to begin, with what forces, how to get the latter and 
 how to govern ourselves in regard to the other savages etc''. 
 
 Whereupon, before I give my opinion on the principal point, I consider it necessary, to say 
 something by the way on the first, although our advice is requested only regarding the second and 
 third point. 
 
 I admit willingly, that the injuries, affronts and massacres, connuitted from time to time by 
 these cruel barbarians are unbearable for an honor and liberty loving nation, but, since only the 
 question of making war on the Eso_pus savages has been raised, I think it is necessary, because we 
 
 ' See Vol. XII, p. 297. 
 
140 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 are at all times responsible to their High Mightinesses, the Lords-States-General and onr Lords- 
 Principals, to investigate strictly, not whether the Indians in general, but whetlier the Esopus Indi- 
 ans have given us sufficient and legal causes for the war, for we could not justify a wish to punish 
 the Esoj>us Indians for deeds, committed by others. It is said in the propositions, that the boldness 
 of the Esopus savages is unbearable (as indeed it is) first in taking prisoners 12 or 13 well-armed 
 farmers and soldiers, in attacking the settlements and further in cruelly executing as they did, most 
 of the aforesaid prisoners, but the cause for these their actions has been omitted, to wit, that the 
 people there very thoughtlessly and without having any lawful reason for it at the time, attacked 
 some of them with an armed force, killed one and took others prisoners. It is true, that the reply 
 to this might be, that they therefore ought not have captured so many men, attacked the settle- 
 ments and executed the prisoners so cruelly, but to this again it can be sustained for their side and 
 •with good reason, that they could not but presume and know, whether this was not a general design 
 of all the inhabitants at the Esopus to kill all the savages; that they therefore have endeavored to 
 inflict all possible damage on their enemies. But, it may be said, besides this, the savages have 
 o-iven us still other reasons, namely, by shooting Ilarm-en Bamhoes, so that he died shortly after- 
 wards, by killing several animals and other affronts. "What regards the wounding of Ilarmen 
 Bamboes, we are told, that it was done by a savage, who does not live among them, but goes here 
 and there, yet when the Honorable Director-General went with a party of soldiers to the Esopus 
 in May 1658, to demand of them the miirderer and at the same time a compensation for the sufiered 
 damages, the aforesaid savages knew how to make excuses as to the impossibility of apprehending 
 the murderer, because he did not live among them, but they promised to make compensation for 
 the damage done in burning two little houses and it was further promised on our side, to live with 
 them like brothers, as is clearly shown by the report of the Honorable General, dated nit" June 
 1658 and delivered in Council. Since that time not they, but our people have very rashly broken 
 the compact ; this I have thought necessary, to remind your Honors of, that above all a close 
 inquiry and consideration may be had, whether the above stated causes are sufficient, to base thereon 
 the legality of a war, so that if the result should be a different one from what we picture it in our 
 minds, we may not be justly blamed for having thoughtlessly involved ourselves into an illegal war. 
 
 Since the condition of the country does at present not admit of making war, as I shall show 
 subsequently with more detail, I think, under correction, that it is best to persist on the resolution 
 adopted on the 26^'' Octbr last past, namely to try once more to keep the open question and war 
 in the background and in suspense, yet in order to check and bridle somewhat the savages' bold- 
 ness, to make strict arrangements and a compact with them, which if they break, the war and the 
 punishment will be so much more justifiable and lawful. Thus far in answer to the first point, 
 what follows is meant as an opinion on the second. 
 
 Although the war against the Esopus Indians may be lawful and justifiable (which I do not 
 contradict absolutely), I believe, that the present condition of the country does not allow, to create 
 a greater loss for the sake of resenting a lesser one. Eeasonableness is not always admitted, when 
 choosing what appears good. Other savage tribes have certainly given us before this by previous 
 massacres and burnings sufficient reasons for prompt revenge, which nevertheless has been deferred 
 ' to better times and opportunities for our advantage ; that now our condition does not admit it, can 
 be inferred, I believe, froui the following : 
 
 Your Honors know the pretenses and the right, which our neighbors of Maryland believe to 
 have on the Company's indisputable lands on the South river and that tliey persist in their opin- 
 ions, notwithstanding, tliat your Honors' deputies have demonstrated the contrary to them verb- 
 ally aTid in writing. Your Honors also know what our neighbors on the North have tried and 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 141 
 
 will doubtless still further endeavor and attempt to obtain. These cannot wish for a better oppor- 
 tunity, if we arc involved into a war with the Indians, to invade, the one on the South river, the 
 other on the J^orth river, tlie territories of the Hon''"' Company ; besides, no reliance can be placed 
 on the neighboring savages, who are not bound by any government or laws (even though the peace 
 with them might be renewed) and it must be taken into consideration, tliat though they may not 
 openly declare themselves our enemies, they will yet assist each other secretly as much as possible, 
 for which instigation from outside will doubtless not be wanting. The answer to this could be, 
 that we must guard and provide against all this by recruiting soldiei-s : tins would serve our repu- 
 tation, but where shall we get so many men, since in my opinion we require for this purpose not 
 only 60 or 70 men, besides the soldiers, wlio are already in the service, but at least one hundred 
 to 150 more: the Honorable Director-General has had an experience of tlie difficulty of getting 
 men here, as not six persons presented themselves in the most pressing necessity for assistance of 
 the besieged inhabitants of Esoj)us, notwithstanding that the drum was beaten for se\'eral days. 
 
 I believe, that, humanly speaking, it is impossible to resent the suffered injuries without the 
 aforesaid military and, in case of uprisings among other savages or anticipations by our neighbors, 
 to be able to resist them and therefore it is decidedly unadvisable to begin anything witliout it, so 
 tliat we may not instead of restoring the glory of our nation and of obtaining peaceful possession 
 of the Jisopus territory, lose them altogether. If however it is decided that the condition of the 
 country ;dlows it and that we have sufficient strength to begin the war, then, I tliink, it ought not 
 be commenced before the month of August or September, for the following reasons : 
 
 First, tliat we may then be able to destroy their corn for the next winter, which wc could not 
 do if we commence now, because tlicy will doubtless send their women and children inhind to one 
 or the otlier unknown nook to plant corn there and gather winter provisions for them. 
 
 Second, because we have at present very little or no provisions on hand for the subsistence of 
 so many soldiers, much less to assist either the people from outside, who without doubt will come 
 in here from their isolated plantations in great numbers, or our good inhabitants hei'e, who may 
 run short of provisions and there is little hojie of receiving a quantity of provisions within the 
 next time, as the neighbors have little to spare on account of the good market, which they find at 
 BurtiiiJii' s and other islands. It must be further considered, that our people will not sow much 
 and ciiiiscnuciitly will harvest little, if we begin the war so suddenly, which would by its continu- 
 ation ricate great distress and famine ; therefore it is best to postpone it, until we are supplied with 
 the required provisions and other necessaries. 
 
 3""^ It is not advisable to begin, according to my opinion, until the newly surveyed villages 
 and hamlets have been properly fenced in and put in a state of defense, as directed, that the poor 
 out-lying farmers may not become the prey of the cruel barbarians. 
 
 4"'iy and lastly, I think it best to begin in the aforesaid months of August or September not 
 only because of the destruction of their corn, as above mentioned, but also because, the winter 
 l)eing then at hand, tliey can be discovered more easily in the woods during the winter by their 
 tires or their foot-tracks in the snoM^, wliilc on the other side during the sunnncr they can subsist 
 and so conceal themselves in the tangled shrubs and underwoods, that they are almost indiscover- 
 able for our people and nevertheless have a great advantage over us by surprising ns unexpectedly 
 from liollows and bushes. 
 
 Whereas, further, we have in our last letter to the Lords-Principals asked for their assistance 
 and help, also orders and advice, it is, I tliink, necessary to wait with an aggressive wai-, until we 
 get an answer, unless we desire to lay ourselves open to the reproach of rashness in asking for help 
 and advice and meanwhile following our own mind, before it could come. 
 
142 Colonial SeUlements on the Hudmn River. 
 
 Therefore, in order to answer your Honor briefly, my advice (under submission) would be 
 according to the aforesaid, tliat out of consideration for the present condition of the counti-y we 
 should try once more to put a stop to the disputes now raised and to the war, make a safe and 
 binding compact with the savages and if they again should break this, then to attack them with 
 all our miglit — 
 
 In tlie meantime directly to disapprove of all separate habitations and farmbuildings and to 
 assist and promote the establishment of hamlets as much as possible, either by lending negroes or 
 carting out pallisades and further to take care, that 10 or 12 hundred schepels of bread corn and 
 other victuals in proportion are continually kept in store either by the Hon''''' Company or the City 
 and that all prepartions necessary for a war or a powerful expedition against the savages be made, 
 above all to enlist secretly as many soldiers as we may get somehow, so that we are immediately 
 ready if they should again break the new compact ; but if the said savages are not willing to make 
 such a compact, then to make necessity a virtue, enlist and send to tlie Emp^ift as many men as 
 can be spared here to protect the settlements and the fields as best they can, until the demanded 
 succor and further orders shall have been received from the Fatherland. Regarding the proposition 
 of the Ilon'''^ General, to propose to the magistrates an exemption from tithes for 5 or 6 years on 
 condition that they should then keep some men ready for the orders of the Director-General and 
 Council, also concerning the other proposition, to keep some horses in readiness and build a com- 
 mon stable, I agree with the opinion of the Honorable General, because I consider these measures, 
 especially the last, necessary not only in times of war, but also in times of peace. Done at Fort 
 Amsterdam in New-Netherland the 12'" Feb'J' A" 1660. 
 
 C. v. E,DYVEN. 
 
 RKSor.iniox to peclark war ACArNsx the Esopds Indians, to be commenced m 
 
 TUE EALL AND MEANWHILE TO KNLIST MEN. 
 
 12"' Febr. 
 
 Present in Council the Hon''''" Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant, Mr. JVicasius de Sille and 
 the two burgomasters of this city. The foregoing opinions were read and the worshipful burgo- 
 masters asked, whether they had also given their opinions in writing; to which they answered 
 excusing themselves, that they had no authority to do so. They were told, that having been 
 requested to do it by the Director-General and Council was sufficient authority. Finally after 
 many debates jiro et contra it was decided by a plurality of votes, that the war was unavoidable, 
 but that, on account of the present embarrassments and weakness it should not be begun against 
 the Esojms Indians before the fall and to enlist in the meantime a number of men up to 100 and 
 more, if they could be procured, without distinction of nationality cither from Virginia or from tlie 
 North. Date as above. 
 
 Extract from a letter of Director Stuyvesant to the Vice-Direotor at Cura- 
 cao ; EEGAKDINO NEGROES, WHO ABE TO BE SENT FROM THERE TO THE MANHATTANS 
 AND MIGHT BE EMPLOYED AGAINST THE InDIANS ; HORSES AND FUNDS WANTED. 17''° 
 FEmiUARY 1660. 
 
 The negroes, whom the Loitls-Dircctors ordered to send hither, must be clever and strong 
 men so that they can immediately be put to work hei'e at the Fort or at other places, also if they 
 
New York Uiistorical lieconk. 148 
 
 are fit for it, in the war against the wild barbarians either to pursue them, when they run away or 
 else to carry the soldiers' baggage, tor it is quite evident, that in order to possess this country in 
 peace and revenge the frequent affronts and murders we shall be forced into a lawful offensive 
 war against them. An important service would be done to the Company, to us and to the country, 
 if among the expected negroes some experienced men, who have been some time in Curacao, were 
 sent to us. 
 
 For the greater security and protection of the outlying farmers in the country, we have found 
 it necessary, to engage some mounted men ; we therefore need for the service of the Company and 
 of this territory some good and well trained horses, strong stallions or geldings, the latter being 
 preferable as of greater service to us. "We expect them with their equipments, that is the saddles 
 and bridles, which are used there on the horses, by the galiot as soon as possible and in such a 
 number, as can be conveniently shipped; among them three or four good mares; all for account 
 of the Company. 
 
 On account c>f the troubles with the savages we shall be obliged to recruit and reinforce with 
 over 150 freemen and the necessai-y horsemen our large garrison, which we must maintain against 
 them, numbering now about 200 men, if with God's help and blessing we desire to attack the 
 savages and protect the farmers in the country. To carry out this, we need funds ; if your Hon- 
 or's-treasury is well provided, then your Honor is requested to accommodate us with 12 to 1500 
 pieces of eight for account of the Company either by the galiot or by next opportunity. 
 
 Letter feom Ensign Sihth at Esoi-us to Director Montagne ; aff.uks at the Esopus. 
 
 The 24"" of February 1660, at Esojma. 
 
 Honoi-able, Worshipful, Wise and Prudent Sir, Mr. Delaniontagne. I inform your Honor 
 lierewith, that Jacobus Theunissen arrived here on the lO"* inst. to ransom the boy of Evert Pds, 
 in which he does not seem to have been successful, as Jacobus has been here four days and four 
 nights and the savages have kept him day for day and he has been on tlie road to tlie savages, but 
 he could not get through on account of the deep snow and they promised every day to come to us 
 and they say, the boy has a wife there and tlie wife is with child, who will not let him go and he' 
 will not leave her, as they saj' and as the snow is deep now, he dared not wait any longer. I wish, 
 he had not come here to make such a difficult journey for nothing, but I trust to the help of God 
 Almighty, that I shall get him in due time. Therefore your Honor ought not to incur any more 
 expenses, for I shall not attend to it, as the savages here cannot be trusted and we ha\-e already 
 done a great deal for the boy and they have promised us daily to bring the boy. That has been 
 going on for about a month, but we are waiting for the same, that they are waiting for, only wc 
 sliall be on our guard and if they bring the boy, I liave still some cloth and wampum to ransom 
 him, which I shall not fail to do and I with all my men are still well and in good condition, the 
 Lord be praised. Hoping tliat it is tlic same witli your Honor and your Honor's whole family T 
 shall close and commend your Honor to tiie protection of God Almighty and remain your Honor's 
 servant 
 
 To the Honorable ^Ir. I)damonta<jne Derck Smit, Ensign. 
 
 Commander at Fort Orange 
 this to hand. 
 
144 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River, 
 
 rKxrrioN OF Nicholas Varleth for the use of the Company's yacht foe a voy- 
 age TO Virginia and Resoldtion to hire the yacht to Mk. Vakleth and send 
 
 AN officer with HIM TO ENLIST SOLDIERS IN VIRGINIA. 
 
 Copy. 
 
 To the Noble, Right Honorable, Very 
 Worshipful Director-General and High 
 Council of New-Netherlwnd. 
 
 Shows with great respect and humble reverence Nlcolaes Varleth, Commissary in the service 
 of your Right Honorable "Worships, that he, tlie petitioner, is interested deeply in the (estate of 
 the) lately deceased Governor of Virginia and whereas he, the petitioner, is exceedingly anxious 
 to go there in person and he can attend to it best during the present season of winter, therefore he, 
 the petitioner, very respectfully requests, that your Right Honorable Worships will please to con- 
 sent to it, and whereas no suitable sliip is now here present or to be had for his xise on the voyage 
 there and back, therefore he, the petitioner, also requests, that your Right Honorable Worships 
 will please to grant or hire thereto the Hon'''^ Company's j'acht under such conditions, as may be 
 agreed upon with your Right Honorable Worships. If he, the petitioner, might be of any service 
 in Virginia to your Worships, he will endeavor zealously to do it to the satisfaction and pursuant 
 to your Hon"'" Worships' instructions. Expecting hereon your Hon'''^ Worships' favorable decision 
 I remain 
 
 Your Right Honorable Worships' humble servant 
 
 N. Varlet. 
 25"' February. (lOGO) 
 
 Whereas we have at present little to do for the Hon''"' Company's yacht and yachts can always 
 be had here for hire for any extraordinary occasions, it is resolved, to let the yacht to the petitioner 
 and to demand for it a reasonable lure, certainly not less than six guilders for each day. 
 
 The petitioner, Nicolacs Varleth, was summoned before the Council and the yacht was let to 
 him for six guilders per day, the rent to begin on the day of his departure from here and to end, 
 when she arrives here again and has discharged her cargo under the express condition and obliga- 
 tion, that he shall give free passage both ways to the Captain-Lieutenant, who is to go to Virginia 
 to see, whether he can engage some soldiers there and tliat if the said Captain-Lieutenant should 
 .get some men there, he shall take as many aboard, as he conveniently can, without charging any- 
 thing to the Company for it, but he shall not be obliged to wait longer than one day or two (after 
 he has informed the Lieutenant, that he is ready to sail). The petitioner accepted the yacht under 
 these conditions. Done at I'ort Amsterdam in New-Netherland. Date as above. 
 
 Proclamation appointing a day of general fasting and prayer. 
 
 Respected, Dear, Faithful ! 
 
 Whereas it has pleased the Almighty God, the just judge of heaven and the whole earth, to 
 visit us, or at least many of us, justly for our sins, the cause of all punishments, with hot fevers, 
 heavy colds, giddiness of the head and many other diseases, the province in general with threatened 
 invasions and attacks by our neighbors on the territories, streams and rivers, long possessed by us, 
 with rumors of war and its immediate consequences, murder and arson by the savage barbarous 
 
JSfe^v YorJc Historical Becords. 145 
 
 natives committed here as well as jiriiicipally on our friends, countrvmon an<l l'cll()w-iiilial)itaiits on 
 the Fsoj)us, which though the riglitcous but not less merciful God has mitigated and so directed, 
 tliat it did not happen, against our expectation, in the worst manner and according to tlie evil 
 intentions of the barbai'ians and has made it cease for the present desiring doubtless our penitence 
 and turning away from our crying and God irritating sins, as the abominable desecration of His 
 Sabbath and His Name by swearing and cursing, our indifference and negligence regarding His 
 service, our drunkenness, feasting, voluptuousness, adultery, deception and other heinous sins, which 
 jH-evail among us to our shame before Christian neiglibors and barbarous natives, from which if we 
 do Bot turn away, we can only expect, that like others we shall perisli and that not the tower of 
 Siloa but the wrath* of God will fall upon us from heaven and envelo]) us in llames for our greater 
 punishment, if we do not change to prevent one and obtain the other from tlie All-Good God, 
 Therefore, the Director-General and Council have thought necessary to appoint and proclaim for 
 this purpose a day of general fasting and prayer, which shall be kept throughout this province on 
 Wednesday before Easter, being the 24"' of March, and all inhabitants of this jirovince, ofttcers as 
 well as subjects are hereby directed to appear on the aforesaid day in the churches or where God's 
 word is usually preached and taught, and after listening to God's Holy ^Yords to call with humble 
 and contrite hearts solemnly upon the name of the Lord, to pray and beseech Ilim that His divine 
 Majesty may please, to turn aside His righteous visitations and well-deserved punishments which 
 our crying and dreadful sins have brought upon us, and to make them cease, to continue the peace 
 and good correspondence between us and our neighbors, to take us and this newly opened province 
 into his fatherly protection and to maintain it against the practices of these barbarous natives and 
 all evil-minded people, who attempt its ruin and destruction, to bless the fruits of the earth with 
 early and late rains and above all to allow the fear and knowledge of Ilis Name and hate of our 
 own sins to grow and to increase among us, principally also that His Divine Majesty will please 
 to favor the authorities of this country with understanding, wisdom, discretion and godliness, that 
 they may contemplate, resolve and courageously carry out what may be useful for tlie welfare of 
 tlie country and the wellbeing of its good inhabitants. That this may be done and executed so 
 much better, the Director-General and Council forbid during divine service on the aforesaid day 
 of general fasting and prayer all exercises of playing tennis or ball, hunting, fishing, driving, plough- 
 ing, sowing, mowing, all illicit amusements as dicing and hard drinking under the penalty formerly 
 imposed thereon and the servants of God's holy word within this our Government are requested, 
 to adapt their sermons and prayers accordingly. Thus done at the meeting of the Right Honor- 
 able Director-General and Council, held at Fort Amsterdam in JV. Nethcrland, the 23'* of Feb- 
 ruary A° 1660. 
 
 Commission of Nicolas Vaeletii ai^d Betan Newton as envoys to Vieginia, to 
 
 CONDOLE THE DEATH OF GOVERNOR MaTHEWS, TO PROPOSE A LEAGUE, OFFENSIVE AND 
 DEFENSIVE, AGAINST THE INDIANS AND TO BEQUEST PERMISSION TO ENLIST SOLDIERS 
 
 IN Virginia. Also their Instructions. 
 
 Petrus Stuyveswiit, on behalf of their Noble High Mightinesses, the Lords States-General of 
 the United Netherlands and the Noble Lords-Directors of the Incoi-jiorated West-India Company, 
 
 * In the original : " f/e tooreii van Siha, maer de tovriui Omits ", a play of words, which cannot be rendered 
 into English. — Ed. 
 
 19 
 
146 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Department of Amsterdam, Director-General of New-Neiherland, Curaqao, Bonayro, Aruba and 
 its dependencies, together with the Honorable Conncil, To all, who shall see this or hear it read 
 Greeting. Kn&w ye, that now as before actuated by a sincere and upright affection and desirous, 
 for the prosperity and welfare of our mutual subjects, to continue with the goverament and admin 
 istration of our neighbors in Vh'ffinia in good neighborly correspondence, peace, union and com- 
 merce. We have, upon the sad and imexpeeted decease of the Honorable Samuel Mathews, late 
 Governor of Virginia, deemed it best for the public service, to commission, qualify and send thither 
 as our representatives, as We herewith commission, qualify, authorize and send Our very dear and 
 faithful Sieurs Nicolaes Tarleih, Commissary in the service of the aforesaid Lords-Directors here, 
 arid Bryan Neioton, Captain-Lieutenant of Our Company, to address themselves as Our trusty 
 envoys to tlie Right Honorable Lieutenant-Governor, President and Council of Virginia and after 
 condoling the death of the aforesaid late Honorable Governor Samuel Mathews to renew not only 
 the former old friendship, correspondence and neighborly intimacy, but also to propose a closer 
 union, offensive and defensive, against the barbarous Indian natives, the enemies of both our nations, 
 some further and surer footing in regard to commerce and trade, on the basis, which Our mutual 
 Governments and their subjects in Europe enjoy, besides this to request pennission and consent 
 (which is especially recommended to Our Captain-Lieutenant) to enlist there a detachment of 25 to 
 30 free men as soldiers, for tlie reinforcement of Our Company. We request by this Our Commis- 
 sion and credentials that the aforesaid, Our beloved faithful Nicolaes Varleth and Bryan Newton 
 and their servants and baggage may not only be received, heard and believed in this capacity but 
 also granted and given, according to the laws of nations, free and unmolested passage and repas 
 sage, while We promise to ratify, approve and value what Our aforesaid envoys may do, contract, 
 negiotiate and resolve upon with the Honorable Lieutenant-Governor, President and Councilof Vir- 
 ginia, as if it had been done and resolved upon by Ourselves. Thus done and given under Our 
 usual signature and seal, at Fort Amsterdam in N. Netherland the 27"' of February A° 1660. 
 
 Listructions for S' Nicolaes Varleth and Captain-Lieutenant Brian Nuton. 
 First to touch at Kycketan and salute Colonel Cldborn and learn from him, to whom you 
 will have to address yourselves now, the Honorable Governor being dead, to get a speedy answer, 
 also to request his advice, counsel and help for the greater security of the yacht. 
 
 2. 
 Having been informed by Colonel Claborn, to whom to address yourselves, and having deliv- 
 ered the credentials to such person, you will request a speedy dispatch, as the service of the country 
 and of the Company demand it. 
 
 3. 
 
 Having received an answer and consent to engage some men there, which is especially recom- 
 mended to the Captain-Lieutenant, you will try to get good and resolute men and among them as 
 many Scots as possible, bearing in mind not to engage moi-e, than you have a chance to bring 
 with you in the Company's yacht and the yacht of Reynije or any other vessel lying ready or 
 which could follow within a very short time and altogether not more than 25 or 30. 
 
 4. 
 
 If during the meeting of the Conncil or the enlistment of the men after the business lias been 
 transacted some time is to spare or if you have to wait for one or the other, you might cross over 
 to Maryland, if feasible without too much loss of time or danger and inquire, as secretly as pos- 
 sible, whether any i>repai'ations against our people on the South river arc being made there. 
 
New Yorh Historical liecordii. 147 
 
 In proposing and negotiating a eloscr correppoiidcnco, an oflensive and defensive alliance 
 against the barbarians, in case the Goveniincnt oiViryinia inclines to it, you will not conclude it 
 absolutely and finally-, onh- subject to approbation and revision by either side, to be exchanged 
 within six weeks and the following must be borne in mind regarding it: 
 
 I. In case of an aggressive war the lawfulness and approbation of the war. 
 
 II. Not to demand nor promise more succor, than what the condition of (-itlicr country may he 
 able to spare, one hundred good resolute men certain, fifty more according to the situation of affairs, 
 subject to the judgment of the party sending it. 
 
 III. The demanded succor to be as long as the necessity and condition of the party, demanding it, 
 requires, under oath to and in the pay of this party and to be commanded by no higher officer than 
 a Captain-Lieutenant and subaltern officei-s of their own nationality, but when they are in another 
 government, to obey, after having taken the oath, the orders of such a Captain, Major or Colonel, 
 as that government may see fit. 
 
 IIII. The demanded succor shall not be kept alone in the field by either side, but witli them if not 
 more, at least not less, of the succored nation. 
 
 6. 
 You will propose with all possible persuasive reasons a mutual correspondence and unmolested 
 commerce and traffic, back and forwards, of the ya(;hts, as both nations enjoy tlicm in the Father- 
 land, with goods and wares from their own countries and places. 
 
 7. 
 In ease upon the death of the Governor no other has been chosen in his place and the Council 
 might therefore make delay or take e.xceptions or if the Council will not meet for a long time, for 
 which you may not wait more than 8 or 10 days, you will take leave in proper form and request, 
 (if you see any inclination and hope for the aforesaid closer union and correspondence) to appoint 
 a more convenient time towards the fall. 
 
 8. 
 
 Finally in order to accomplish everything better, if you should learn, that S' Tlcermmis, who 
 is well acquainted with the Enrjlish tongue, is still in Virginia and about there, then you will send 
 for him and let him .serve you with his assistance and tongue. 
 
 Thus done at Fort Arristerdam in New-Nethcrland, the first of March 16t)0. 
 
 Teeatt of peace renewed with the ckiefs of Mausepingh and Reoukawick 
 (Queens County) Hackinkasaky (IIackensack, N. J.) tue Highlands, Na.jkck 
 (Kyack), Staten Island, Rumacuenanck (IIaverstraw) and Wiechquaeskeck 
 (Westchester County). 
 
 To-day, the C"' of March ICCO appeared at the 
 City-llall before the Honorable Director-General 
 in presence of the Coimcil and the Burgomasters 
 of this City the following Sachems or chiefs of 
 the savages in this neighborhood, to-wit : 
 
 Meautinnemin, alias Tapousagh, chief of Marsepingh and JRechkawyck, 
 
148 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Oratam, chief of Eackinkasacky for himself and the chief of the Eiyhlands, 
 
 Mettaiio, former chief of Najeck, now chief of Staten- Island^ 
 
 Corruspin, brother and representative of the chief Rumachenomck alias Haverstroo, 
 
 Achkhongh, one of the chiefs or councillors of Wiechquaeskeck. 
 
 The aforesaid chiefs were asked, why the other chiefs and especially the chief of the Wap- 
 pings had not come with them, whereupon Oratamy, chief of the Hackinkaaacky, answered that 
 the chief of the Wappings did not come, because he had no dispute with us and that the chief of 
 the Wappings interpreted the return of the child and the presents made to him for it so, as if at 
 that time the treaty of peace had been renewed and consolidated and that he and they altogether 
 were willing to continue the peace formerly concluded. 
 
 Whei-eupon they were answered through the interpreters Claes de Buyter, Class de Norman 
 and Waer'mgh, an Indian understanding and speaking the Dutch and Indian languages, 
 
 That we, too, are willing to continue in peace with them and the Wappings under the follow- 
 ing conditions : 
 
 1. 
 
 That Meautinnemin, alias Tapousagh, chief of Ilarsepingh should be included, because neither 
 he nor his people had ever done much harm to the Dutch and if it should happen, that any harm 
 was done to him or his people, it should be considered as having been done to us. 
 
 This having been said to them, they answered that they were well satisfied with it and that 
 they jointly promise to keep the peace, but that they did not speak for the Indians of Esojms nor 
 for the Raretanys, with whom they declared, they would have nothing to do. 
 
 To prevent, that no more mishaps or murders should in futui-e take place between our people 
 and them, no Indian sliould come with his arms into our fort or villages, but they must deliver 
 them at the gate or at the first house of the village or settlement, to which they came and they 
 would be returned to them, when they left. They answered, that this was very good. 
 
 3. 
 
 Since it has been noticed, that some Dutchmen surround and press hard and occasionally 
 
 inconvenience the savages, who come here to market with peltries, fish and other wares, they shall, 
 
 to prevent this, come henceforth to no other places, than to near the former beaverpath and to the 
 
 neck {hoold) near the weigh-house, except if coming with firewood, with which they may go, where 
 
 they please. Suitable houses shall be built at the aforesaid places. They were well pleased with 
 
 this. 
 
 4. 
 
 That henceforth no war should be commenced for any private action, but if a Dutchman should 
 happen to kill an Indian he shall again be punished with death and if an Indian happened to kill 
 a Dutchman he should be delivered to the Diitch and also be punished with death and if any cattle 
 are killed, they shall be paid for with double their price. 
 
 5. 
 
 In order that the peace may be the better kept, all the savages, comprised in this treaty, shall 
 be held to assist in hunting and surrendering a murderer, if such a murderer, be he a Dutchman 
 or a savage, should fly and run away after having committed the murder. The foregoing 4"' and 
 5"" points having been communicated to them, they declared themselves perfectly satisfied with it. 
 
 6. 
 
 Whereas our descendants for many years can see and know what we now talk over with them 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 149 
 
 and conclude, which their descendants cannot do, because they can neither read nor write, it would 
 1)0 good and necessary, that they leave some of their children with us to be educated. 
 
 They answered hereto, that they would leave one child here innnediately, which they had with 
 tlieui, and would bring more upon some other occasion. 
 
 After the foregoing had been agreed upon with them to their satisfaction, they were asked, 
 whether they had anything more to say, whereupon they answered with a counter-question, why 
 Sauwenaro was not also present, whereas he was also a chief and their friend. They were told, 
 that on account of some cliarges made against him, he had been imprisoned, but that he should be 
 brought and released, if the Sachems Tapousagh, Oratam and Mattano and the others would 
 engage themselves, tliat he or his people should do no more harm to us or to ours or in case 
 it should happen, that they would then deliver the evil-doer into our hands, to which they all 
 answered : Yes. 
 
 Sau'wenar was brought up and informed of the foregoing, whereupon he answered that he 
 was glad, that the peace was renewed, that his heart would henceforth be that of a Dutchman and 
 he would live with them like a brother. Thus they left satisfied and the Sachems engaged them- 
 selves, to inform all their savages and it was made known to the neighboring villages by the firing 
 of a cannon. Done at Amsterdam in N. Netherland, date as above. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors in ITolland to Director Stuyvesant: 
 Esopus Indians must be punished : no Engi.isu settlement can be permitted 
 NEAR Fort Orange. 9'"' Marck lOGO. 
 
 After we had written so far, the ship '■'■ Sphermnundi^'' arrived jierc, by which we I'cceived 
 your Honor's letters of the 29"" of October and 2C"' of December of last year with enclosures; in 
 About the Esopiis them our attention in the first place is called to the sad and unexpected occurrence 
 savages. at the EsojJus, between the savages and our people there, which we fear and are 
 
 also told by other people has been caused and begun by our men. This is really unbearable, con- 
 sidering that innocent parties are mostly suffering thereby and lose often their lives and property, 
 as it was seen in the previous general massacre by the savages, of which too our peojJe were more 
 than the cause, especially the late Fiscal van Dyck. And as such deeds and petulancy by our 
 people, originating in licentiousness and intoxication, must not be connived at any longer, your 
 Honors will thoroughly inform themselves in this regard and if any one is found guilty, punish 
 him as an example for others according to tlie exigency of the case : not that we thereby excuse the 
 action of the savages or consider ourselves satisfied with it, not at all, for we understand perfectly 
 well, that these and other injuries, which we have suffered, must necessarily be resented and 
 avenged on this barbarous Esopus tribe, from which neither tlie Company nor the inhabitants 
 derive the least profit or advantages. For this reason we have been willing to provide your Hon- 
 ors with the required ammunition of war and other implements by this and other ships, now i-eady 
 to sail. We send besides such a number of soldiers, as we have already engaged or as still may be 
 engaged, while your Honors must watch for the best time and opportunity to carry it out. To do 
 this with the least danger and the greatest safety, we submit to your Honors' consideration, whether 
 tlie Maquas and other friendly savages there could not be persuaded and instigated against the 
 Esopus savages, to punish them through these and humble and reduce them, eitlier through the 
 
150 Colonial Settletnents on the Hudson River. 
 
 aforesaid friendly savages alone, or by joining our men to them, as yonr Honors may judge it best 
 and safest. 
 
 As to the intentions of some Englishmen, who proposed to settle not only on the North river 
 near WappimjKs Kil, but even above or back of Fort Orange, in order to ruin and cut off so much 
 coDcerning the easier OUT beavertrado, the reasons and the instance, quoted by your Honors as to 
 usurpation of the ^ manner in which we fared with that nation on the Fresh river, are so forcible 
 
 Enghsh above Fort _' 
 
 Orange. and well-founded that not the slightest encroachment or possession by them in 
 
 this direction must be allowed there. And if this has been done in any other way and without 
 our knowledge, then your Honors must immediately dislodge such unlawful usurpers and if neces- 
 sary proceed against them by force, as we are very sensitive on this point in consequence of the 
 former experience. Your Honors must in the same manner oppose the Maryland people, if they 
 should want to settle on the South river within our boundaries, first notifying and warning them, 
 that they abstain from such usurpation and it they pay no attention to it, then prevent them by 
 action as before, for the Company's right to that river is indisputable, as well by virtue of first 
 possession as by purchase of the lands from the natives and lawful owners tliemselves. To check 
 and prevent such usurpers the better, we have resolved that the ship " St. John ", which will come 
 there from Curagao, shall be employed in place of the little vessel " Diemen " .• it is, as we have 
 written your Honors before, very suitable and therefore your Honors can make good use of it on 
 such an occasion. * * * * * 
 
 Minute of the appeakance of Coetheos chief waeeioe of the Wappings, sent 
 
 BY THE ESOPUS InDIANS TO MAKE PEACE WITH THE DcTCH. 
 
 15"" March 1660. 
 
 Present in Council at Fort Amsterdam, the 
 Honorable Director-General, Mr. La Mon- 
 tague, Pieter Wolphertsen and Claes de Huy- 
 ter as interpreter. 
 
 Coetheos, chief warrior of the Wappings, made his appearance and said he was sent by the 
 chiefs of Esopus, namely by 
 
 Kaelcop (Baldhead) 
 
 Pegh Peghquanoch 
 
 Pemmyrawech 
 
 Preuwamach 
 
 Semechamenec, 
 to inform the Right Honorable Director-General, that they had been in great fear last winter, lest 
 the Dutch should come to make war against them, but since they did not come and because the 
 Dutch had made peace with all the other savages, they too desired to make peace and tliey had 
 wampum and bearskins ready to bring here, so that the Dutch and the savages at iheFsopus might 
 again be at liberty to plant ; they would have come here themselves, but they were afraid. 
 
 The answer to the foregoing was, that we were quite willing to make peace with them, but 
 that we had learned, the Esopus Indians had said, that they would make only a mock-peace with 
 us and when the Dutch on the Esopns least expected it, they would surprise and kill them ; what 
 security shall we have, that they will keep the peace, if we make it with them ? 
 
New York Historical Itecords. 151 
 
 He said, that he too had heard this of the Esopus Indians, but only the barebaeks say it, wlio 
 are opposed to make peace, but tliat the chiefs especially Kaelcap and Pemmyrawech arc vei-y 
 willing to make a peace with the Dutch, tliat they would also persuade and induce the barebaeks, 
 low or bad savages. 
 
 When again asked, what security we should have for the keeping of the peace, as the bare- 
 backs desired war, he made no answer to the point and he was finally told, that if the chiefs of 
 Esopus wished to make peace, they must come here themselves. Being informed hereof, he said 
 in answer as before, that they were afraid : after taking this proposition into consideration he was 
 told, that, if they did not dare to come here, the Director-General would go there at an early day, 
 that they then could state, what they had to say : this he undertook to communicate to the chiefs 
 of the Esopus savages. Amsterdam in N. N. the IS"" March 1660. 
 
 Commission providing for the administration of public affairs during the Di- 
 rector-General's ABSENCE AT THE EsOPUS. 
 
 Whereas the interests of the Hon''''' Company and of the country urgently require, that I 
 should go to the Esopus and be absent for a short time and whereas dm-ing my absence some una- 
 voidable incidents might happen, either in the civil administration or in the employ of the Hon""' 
 Company's military, therefore during my and the Fiscal's absence, the administration of civil affairs 
 is hereby entrusted to Secretary van Ruyven^ the Burgomasters Capt. Cregier and Oloff Stevenson, 
 the management and command of the military is absolutely committed to Capt. Marten Cregier, 
 after having advised with the aforesaid gentlemen and for this purpose all upper and under officers 
 are hereby ordered, to obey, during our absence, his orders and commands and to follow him, as if 
 we were personally present, as we deem this necessary for the service of the Company and are well 
 satisfied, with what during my absence shall be transacted and done for the public welfiire by the 
 aforesaid oflicials. Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. Nether-land the IS"* March 166,0. 
 
 Letter from Petrus Stuyvesant to Secretary van Ruyven. Tue Esopus In- 
 dians HAVE BEEN attacked AND DEFEATED; THE OUT SETTLEMENTS ARE TO BE 
 PUT ON THEIR GUARD. 
 
 Honorable Sir. 
 
 On account of contrary wind wo have not been able to make the Esopus before Thursday 
 evening. We fired immediately a shot and received an answer from the fort, but to my great 
 astonishment and not less an.xiety no men came out of it. Of this we learned the cause and reason 
 only the next day, namely that the ensign with 40 men was out on an expedition ; about 3 miles 
 inland he came upon a house with about 60 savages, who made no resistance, but started to tly ; 
 they saw the ensign and his troop too early, but nevertheless 3 or 4 have been killed on the fiight. 
 
 Our people saw 3 being carried off ; the evening did not permit a pursuit of the fleeing savages ; 
 they have burned a large quantity of Indian corn, bearmeat, bearskins and the house, of which we 
 thought necessary to inform your Honor and have therefore expressly disputclied the yacht of 
 
152 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Thomassen, in which are sent well secured 12 prisoners of the principal runners and ringleaders. 
 I hope to follow in a short time, meanwhile your Honor will please to put the out lying settlers 
 on their guard and to keep good watch, in ease I should go directly to the Kats Kil, to drive the 
 murderers from there. 
 
 I would else have come down at once with one of these yachts. My love to my wife and 
 children, tide and time forbid ray writing to tliem and to lengthen this, wherewith I recommend 
 your Honor with my respects to God's safekeeping and protection and remain 
 On board the Your Honor's affectionate 
 
 yacht "de Haen" friend 
 
 Friday, the IS"" P, Stuyvesant. 
 
 March 1660 
 
 Let the free and the Company's 
 negroes keep good watch on my bouwery. 
 
 Monsieur Cornelis van Buyven Secretary and the present Council at Amsterdam, N. N. 
 
 Letter of Secretary van Ruyven to the out settlements, warning them against snEPEisE. 
 
 The foregoing letter of the Honorable Director-General having been received and read the 
 surrounding villages have been immediately informed by the following letter of the state of affairs 
 at the Esojpus. 
 
 Good friends. 
 
 This is to inform you, that our people have captured a party of Esopus Indians last Thurs- 
 day and made a sortie against them. You are therefore earnestly recommended and directed, to 
 be on your guard and keep a good watch continually, that you may not be surprised and attacked 
 by the barbarians. Trusting you will do this I commit you with my salutations to God's protec 
 tion and remain 
 
 Amsterdam in N. JV. Your affectionate friend 
 
 22" March A° 1660. C. v. Euyven. 
 
 Proclamation of war against the Esopps Indians. 
 
 "Wlicreas Director-General and Council of New- Netherlands after having suffered many mas- 
 sacres, affronts and unbearable injuries committed from time to time by the Esopus Indians, find 
 themselves compelled, for the sake of maintaining and protecting their subjects, to begin a war, 
 offensive and defensive, against the aforesaid Esopus savages and their supporters, the good inhab- 
 itants of this province are herewith informed of it, that everybody may be on his guard and keep 
 good watch, travel cautiously and in company on i-oads, streams and rivers, especially are all skip- 
 pers and shipmasters hereby warned, directed and ordered not to sail up or down the North river 
 except in company of three or at least two yachts, well and properly manned each with at least six 
 able men under the penalty formerly fixed. Everybody is warned of the danger. 
 Done at Fort Orange, the 25'" of March 1660. 
 
New York Hhtoi ical JiecOrds. 153 
 
 MCSTER-ROLI, OF TITK CoMPANT AT THE EsdrUS. 
 
 On the 28"' of Mairli ICCO, on flie Ksopus llicrc were \n ActherlaiuUsh service in the eoia- 
 pany of his JSoble Honor, the JJirector-Genend. 
 
 Dirck Schmitt, Ensign 
 
 Paulus Jansen, Sergeant 
 went to the Manafhrs Cristiaen Nissen, Sergeant ' 
 
 went to tlie MaiKithca Paulus Cridiacns, Dnuniner 
 
 bv order of tlie Hon. Jan Pitrrssen, Coriioral 
 
 (Teneral, becanse Jonas RanUaic, Corporal 
 
 he was wounded. Godfi'ied Gleutz, Corporal. 
 
 VThaiius die Grneff, Corporal 
 
 Noel liei/ss, Lancepesadc 
 
 Joris Metzer, Lancepesade 
 
 Marcus Jontzen, Lancepesadc 
 
 JelJJs BiiiffiN, Lancepesade. 
 
 Jaruh nnn-han.,. 
 
 JcLlU, die Neerler, Cadet 
 went to P'oH Oraiujo Domim^cxts Siehrantz 
 
 Carrel Garret 
 
 Fransois die Gardous. 
 
 Jan Laquire 
 
 Marten Warners 
 
 Marten Ilaruisen, mason • ■ 
 
 Adain Bremen. 
 
 Marcus Harmsen 
 
 Ja.cob van Campen 
 
 Fransois Hey 
 gone to the Manathcs Gerrit Abellen 
 
 Pieter Lamhertz. 
 
 Abell Dercksen. 
 
 Michiel Verrie. 
 
 Jan Joris 
 
 Adrian van Dniid-errlrn 
 
 W(dr,i.fl di. Mont 
 
 Jnrah M.ln.n 
 Derek ll.ndriel-s 
 Andries Hansen 
 Derek die Goyer 
 Jochem Hendricks 
 Valentyn Claevsen 
 Caspar Lauter 
 Coenraedt Ham 
 
 Berent Jansen from Oldenlmrg 
 20 Joris Esias van Acker 
 
154 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Willem Croeger 
 gone to the Manathes Jam, Graeffs 
 
 Jan from Amersfoort 
 Tomas Tomassen 
 Paulus Tomassen 
 Jacob Daniels 
 Gerrit van Camjpen 
 Jan Jurryaens Steenmam 
 Marcus Hoemoett. 
 Adriaen Varnier 
 Jan Rho, Englishman 
 Knuitt Mauritz. 
 Wolfgangh Kasten 
 Jan van den Buss 
 Pieter Wessels 
 
 Herman Hendricli-s van Barnefelt 
 Hendrick Laurensen 
 Paul Laurens. 
 Cornells Hogelandt 
 Willem van Vredenborgh 
 Anthony Carrll 
 Tennis Vacgt 
 Albert Goefers 
 Mathias lioelqffs, Constable 
 Jan Arisen., Smith 
 Jan Loottman, Baker 
 Jan Broersen from Eusum 
 The following have come from Fort Orange 
 
 Jacob Toennissen from Naerden 
 Michael Verbruggen from Leuwaeren 
 Jan Karstensen from Husum 
 Peter Bruin from Rensborgh 
 Jan Pietersen from Guilyck 
 Jan Wybes from Harlingen 
 Cuelis Brantsen from NyherJc 
 Huibert Jansen iroxn Prang 
 Pauhis Paulsen from Amersfoort. 
 This one was enlisted on the 29"" of March 
 
 Derek Willemsen fi-om Schalckwych. 
 
 Letter from Ensign Smith at the Esopus to Director Stuyvesant: affairs at the Esopus. 
 The 29"> of March 1660, at the Esopiis. 
 I'Toble, Worshipful, Wise and Prudent Sir. Ilotiorable Director-General. I beg to inform 
 your Honor, that Tomas ^chambers has yet 300 schepels of wheat for the service of the gan-ison 
 
New Yoi-k Historical Records. 155 
 
 in Esopus and at the house of Cornellis Berntzcn Schlegt with his farmhands also 300 schepels, 
 on condition, that tlie laborers shall have for each schepel which they deliver 3 guilders in beaver, 
 the beaver at 8 guilders ; concerning the 100 schepels, which your Honor took from nie and which 
 the Hon'"''' Secretary had bought from me, I thought, these too were purchased for the Company. 
 JSo savages have been here until now and I humbly request your Honor, that your Honor will 
 please to provide me by first opportunity with bacon, meat and peas, shirts, socks and shoes for the 
 men and our garrison consists now of 73 good soldiers according to the muster-roll and 1 shall not 
 detain this skipper, as your Honor directed : I do not know to write anything more to your Honor 
 and remain Your Excy' servant 
 
 Dkkc'k Smit, Ensign. 
 To the Noble, "Worshipful Wise and Prudent the Honorable Director-General, Petrus Stmj- 
 vcsant at the Manathes. 
 
 Letter from the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant. Eev. IIaemaitds Bloji 
 
 RETURNS to NeW-NeTUERLAND TO TAKE CHARGE OF THE CONGREGATION AT EsOPUS. 
 
 The 29"> March 1600. 
 
 Honorable, Prudent, Beloved, Faithful. 
 
 "We forgot in our last letter, a copy of which is liere enclosed, to mention the engagement 
 here of another preacher, besides D" Blom (who has been married here), called D" Henricus Selyns 
 under the same salary and conditions ; they both go over in the ship " de Bever ", the first io take 
 charge of the ministry at the Esopus, the other in the village of Breuckelen. To carry on the 
 service some books are sent over, which your Honors will hand to them, besides the small psalters, 
 prayers and catechisms, to be distributed and used as proper under the community in each respective 
 place for teaching. Closing herewith, as the time does not permit to write more, Honorable, Pru- 
 dent,. Beloved, Faithful, we commend your Honors to the protection of God. 
 Amsterdam By order of the Lords-Directors of 
 
 29"' March 1660. the W. I. Company, Dep' of Amsterdam 
 
 To the Director-Generiil and Council of New-Netherland 
 
 Received by "<Ze 'o€rgulde Bever'''' arrived ll"* June 1660. 
 
 Resolutions apoi'ted hy the Coukt oi'- Rknssklaekswyck during the Esopus troubles. 
 
 Ileus. M;inor Papers. 
 
 April 1'' 1660. 
 
 "Whereas on the last day of March and this fii-st day of April several reports have been made 
 to us, that the Esopus intend to attack the country people on their bouweries, lying within the juris- 
 diction of the Colony of Rensselaerswych, either by firing their buildings or by killing and taking 
 prisoners the people, who might have remained on the bouweries, 
 
 Therefore their Honors of this Court wishing not to neglect any possii)lo preparations, direct 
 that one shall warn the other by firing three signal shots, which must be repeated quickly by who- 
 
156 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 ever hears tliem, that also the next neighbor may be informed and no other shooting shall be done, 
 unless and before the colonists have been warned, that some of them have been attacked or annoyed 
 by the savages. 
 
 Everybody whom this resohuion concerns, is hereby warned not to take it upon himself ti> 
 fire shots, imless necessity requires, on a penalty of 25 Carolus guilders fur those, who shall disobey 
 this our well meant order. 
 
 Everybody is further warned and directed to post during the night one or if possible two sen- 
 tinels, who, when necessary, shall warn the neighbors by the three signal shots. 
 
 The Court wishing to prevent harm being done as much as possible, have resolved that at 
 present and provisionally, a watchman shall be placed on duty during the night in the settlement 
 at the Green Bush, that the signal of three shots may be more easily heard, if fired at any of the 
 bouweries below. As chief officers of the watch we appoint our colleague Cornells van JSfes, Evert 
 Pels and Thomas Coninck, corporal. 
 
 Thus done etc 
 
 By urder of tlie lion""' Court 
 Present D. V. IIamkl, Seer''. 
 
 J. va/n Rensselaer 
 A. van Curler 
 C. van Nes 
 C. T. van Breuckeler 
 T. Spitsbergen 
 O. Smart, Sheriff 
 I). F., Ilamel, Secr>'. 
 
 LK-nKR FROM Ensi(;n Smh-h at Esopus to Director Stuvvksant: tue Indians 
 
 ARE GROWING INSOLENT. 
 
 Noble, Worshipful, Wise and Prudent Sir. 
 
 Honorable Director-General and Council of New-Netherland, I beg to inform your Excy. 
 herewith, that we have asked the savages very civilly to return the arms and the wampum, which 
 they had taken from our men ; we have expected them patiently from one day to the other, as 
 they delayed and promised us from day to day to bring it, but now we hear, that it is only trickery 
 and that they try to delay us, as yesterday afternoon we have conferred with them tlie whole after- 
 noon and had a parley, for they kept themselves in two parties on the other side of the Kil, so 
 that the evening surprised us and the last answer, which we received, was, that we might hang the 
 captive savages and they challenged us to fight, which creates anxiety and uneasiness among our 
 farmers, to continue with their tillage and out-of-door labors. We shall nevertheless do our best, 
 to continue with it near the Fort here, but if it should happen, that we have an opportunity to 
 attack them once, we have no doubt but we shall be successful and wc shall then be more at ease 
 with our out of-door work. We have also made an estimate of our grain here, but as we now find, 
 that we must compel the savages by force and many men might be sent here by your Honor's 
 order, we shall require much : however what your Honor decides in this regard, shall be willingly 
 obeyed, for it lies here at your Honor's service and shall not be diminished. We send your Honor 
 one hundred schepels of oats by skipper BaHelt ; we have received by the same skipi^er meat and 
 bacon, of whieli lOOS lbs. were issued as rations for this month on the S'^ of April. 1 have received 
 
New Yorh liistorical Eecoi-ds. 157 
 
 the 38 schepels of wheat from "Widow Stolsen and as to the balance, due your Honor, I bhall do 
 my I)est. No more this time, only I wish your Honor good health and commend your Honor to 
 tlie ]>ioti'ctiou of the Almighty and remain your Honor's faithful servant 
 Actum ^sopiis, the 5th of April 16G0 
 
 Deiu'k Smht, Ensign. 
 
 To the Noble, Worshipful His Honor the Director-Gen' and Council of New-Nethidand at 
 the Maiiathans. 
 
 Letter from the same to Secretary van Ruyven : SKiRMisn wrrn tue Indians. 
 
 Honorable, Worshipful and Prudent Sir, Secretary Vomdis van Ruyven. I beg to inform 
 youi- Honor, that I have received from Mathias Roehffs' wife here 20 schepels of wheat for your 
 Honor and from skipper Vlodder or out of his yacht 145 schepels of spring-wheat, of which Jur- 
 rym Westphalen, your Honor's farmer has received 50 schepels, Cornelis BarenUen Schlegt also 
 50 schepels, the widow Jacob Janscn SioU and Jacoh Stouten'burgh together 45 schepels. I have 
 also received 47 schepels and 3 pecks of peas, of which I gave 21 schepels to 84 men, each 1 peck. 
 
 1 liave further received from Vlodder''s ya<-ht 3 barrels of meat, together 825 lbs. and 2 ban-els of 
 bacon, weighing 400 lbs, of which wo have issued as rations 1008 lbs, and 2 boxes with matches. 
 From the yacht of Dirck Jansen I have also received the spices, which your Honor sent me ; they 
 ai-e very acceptable and will be used to advantage. On the 4"' inst. some savages have been before 
 the Fort here, who bragged much and we paid them in return with good words, we thought to get 
 liaek from them the muskets and swords, which they had taken from our men, also the cloth and 
 wampum, but they tried to entrap us with treachery, on account however of our watchfulness they 
 could not carry out their deviltry. This went on until evening and when they left us, they called 
 out to us, that we might hang our prisoners and they would fight us and come back in the morning. 
 Then I resolved to lie during the night in ambush with 45 men, I and the sergeant with me, about 
 
 2 or 3 shots distance from the Fort. We did so, but were discovered by them, whereupon we made 
 a sortie against them and took one of them prisoner and they had some killed and wounded, but we 
 do not know how many and we pursued them a long distance, about one hour, but we have, God 
 be praised, not a single man killed or wounded, but of 4 horses 3 have been killed under the men, 
 who rode them and some of our muskets have been injured by their bullets and they keep their 
 noses now from the Fort and we intend to continue now our ploughing and sowing from day to 
 (lay, to carry out the Hon'"''^ General's order, which with God's help shall not be delayed. I do 
 not know of anything more important to write your Honor this time, except to conunend your 
 Honor and the whole to the protection of the Almighty and remain in everything, which I can do, 
 your Honor's willing servant 
 
 Act. ^sopus, the 9''' of April \f,W. Dikck Smht, Ensign. 
 
 To the Worshipful and Prudent the Honorable Secretary CiirneVia ■can RinjMi at FortAm- 
 titcrdam, Manalhans. 
 
158 Colonial Settlements on the Hudmn River. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors in Hollanh to Stuyvesant: they 
 have arl'ointeu roeloff swartwout, sheriff at esopus and grant extension 
 
 OF TIME, IN WHICH TO COMPLY WITH THE LAW CONCERNING SETTLEMENTS TO JerON- 
 
 iMUS Ebbing ; Rev. Blom and the question of baptism. 16"' of April 1G60. 
 
 By the ship " de guide Bcvcr ", by which we sent you a duphcate of our last letter, we informed 
 your Honors briefly, but especially, that besides the two preachers, D" Blom and Selyns, also some 
 books were sent over, which were to be given to them, to make use of for the public service ; this 
 must be strictly adhered to : before their departure we had sounded both the aforesaid preachers 
 Formulary of bap- '" regard to the old formulary of baptism and whether their Reverences might 
 tism. have some doubts as to using it, to which they answered negatively, as being indif- 
 
 ferent to it and they both engaged themselves to make nse of it in the exercise of their clerical 
 duties. ****** 
 
 * * * * * * 
 
 One Roeloff Swartlwut, who now comes over with some young men and farmers, to settle at 
 tlie Esopns and engage in agriculture, has petitioned us here for the office of Sheriff at that pla(;e 
 and although it is premature in our opinion, wc liave granted the aforesaid request to encourage 
 the man and promote justice, as soon as a court is established and have engaged him in this quality 
 provisionally on the usual emoluments and sncli further salary as may be granted him in due time 
 subject to our appro\-al ; this for your Honors' information and government. 
 
 Jeronimus Ehhhuj and his wife, the widow of the Hon'''" JoJian de Hulter have informed us, 
 that his predecessor, her late husband, had bought a piece of land on the Esopus and erected on 
 it buildings and barns, which were pulled down, wlien the habitations were drawn together and a 
 ])art of the land was taken into the fortifications there, whereby they suffered a great loss. They 
 request therefore, that they may not be subject to the general order and that the time be extended 
 and especially, that they may have two years, in which to cultivate the said piece of land. We 
 have consented to their request for the reasons adduced above, so that the aforesaid general order, 
 concerning the cultivation of land shall have no effect as far as these people are concerned. 
 
 Commission and instructions of Roeloff Swartwout, appointed Sheriff at Esopus. 
 
 The Directors of tlie Incorporated "West-India Company, Department of AmMerdam, being 
 especially directed and authorized to manage the affairs of New-N etlierland, make known, that 
 whereas it is necessary for the promotion of justice in the village on the Esojyiis tliat a suitable 
 person perform the duties of a provisional Sheriff, for which one Roeloff Swartwout has been 
 proposed to ns, who has been in that country a long time, therefore, placing confidence in the 
 capability, piety and fitness of the said Roeloff Swartwout we have provisionally appointed and 
 commissioned, as we herewith appoint and commission him Sheriff in the aforesaid village on tlic 
 Esopi(^, giving him full power, order and authority to occupy this position in the said place and 
 in that district, to attend to and perform the duties according to the usages of the Sheriffs here in 
 the country and the instructions, given him or which may in future be given, to bring to trial all. 
 
New York Historical Records. 159 
 
 who obstruct and break political, civil and criminal laws, ordinances and placats and sue all deliu- 
 ipients in the said village and its jurisdiction according to his aforesaid instructions and to have 
 them conformably mulcted, executed and punished by the punishment set forth therein, to demand, 
 tliat upon his order and complaint all criminal matters and abuses shall be settled and abated and 
 all sentences be executed speedily and without delay and to do further in this regard, what a good 
 aiul faithful Sheriff is in duty bound to do, on the oath, taken by him. We command therefore 
 all Burgomasters, Schepens and inhabitants within the jurisdiction of the aforesaid village to 
 acknowledge and respect the aforesaid Roeloff Swartwout as our officer and Sheriff as aforesaid 
 and if asked, to give him all necessary and possible assistance in the performance of his duties, for 
 we have found this to bo necessary for the service of the Company and the promotion of justice. 
 Done at the meeting of the Directors at Amsterdam, this fifteenth of April A° 1(360 (signed) Ja- 
 cob Pekgens (Below stood) By order of the same (Signed) C. van Seventer. 
 
 Instructions for lioeloff Swartwout, who goes as provisional 
 Sheriff to the village on the Esojms in JVeio-Netherland, by 
 whicli he will govern himself. 
 
 Ho shall have no other office, than that of Sheriff. 
 
 And he shall take rank of the Burgomasters and Schepens and sit in their meeting, when it 
 is a judicial one, as president, also to exhort the culprits, sentenced by the court, before sentence 
 is passed on behalf of the magistrates. 
 
 He shall publish and execute in conformity with their contents all decisions regarding the 
 excise, the village and other subjects with tlio knowledge of the Director and the assistance of two 
 members of the court. 
 
 Also take good care that the village is kept free from unruly people and peddlars. 
 
 Also tiiat no whorehouses, whoremongers or similar bad houses are permitted in the place. 
 
 To this end (and to prevent all kind of licentiousness and violence) the Sheriff must endeavor 
 always to be at hand and his employes must continually go through the place and be found in 
 churches, on the market place and other places, where people congregate. 
 
 He shall be obliged to make or have made all arrests and then examine the prisoner without 
 delay, at least within four days after the arrest, t6 avoid great expenses and within four days there- 
 after bring him to trial and proceed against him according to law. 
 
 Also bring up all culprits for execution, without favoring any one except by decision or advice 
 uf the court. 
 
 Ho shall make his list of persons, who are summoned to appear before the court, in con- 
 formity with the Sheriff's roll of Amsterdam, made the 27'" of April 1056. 
 
 For all these services ho shall receive one half of all civil fines, which are paid in during the 
 term of his service according to the statutes of the village, either under sentence or by composition, 
 except such as concern ordinances made or to be made in regard to taxes. 
 
 He shall also have and receive one half of all fees for tax- and courtnotices and one third of 
 everything that falls to the village in criminal cases, also such salary as in time may be allowed him. 
 
 But he shall not be allowed to receive any presents either directly or indirectly by somebody 
 else, which is forbidden by law. 
 
 He shall further uphold the Director and Council, as well as the Burgomastei-s and Schepens, 
 when they come to bo elected, in their respect. 
 
 And he shall take before the Director and Council the oath specified below, which shall remain 
 in force for the period of four consecutive years, after expiration of which the office of Sheriff shall 
 
1(50 Colonial Settleinents on the Hiuhon River. 
 
 be abolished, unless the Directors may have thought lit before to abolish it or extend the time. 
 Done at Amsterdam, the W^ of April A" 1660 ^Signed) Jacob Pekgens. (Below stood) By order 
 of the same (Signed) C. van Seventer. 
 
 Order directing the people living scattered throughout the country, to form 
 hamleis and villages. 
 12"' April, Monday 
 
 Present in Council at Fort Amsterdam, the Honorable Director-Genenil P. Stuyvesant and 
 Mr. Nicasius de Sille. 
 
 The under-sherifE Resolveert Waldron and Court messenger Claes van Elslant are directed 
 to warn once more the outlying settlers, each separately and to order them in the name of Director- 
 General and Council, that in accordance with the orders, formerly issued and communicated to 
 them, they must abandon their isolated places within a given time and move into the settlements, 
 under the penalty stated in the orders, because the Director-General and Council have again 
 decided it best for the country and highly necessary for the safety of the inhabitants. Thus done 
 at Fort Amsterdam in N. Netherlands the 12"' of April A» 1660. 
 
 Letter from Director Stuyvesant to Ensign Smith at Esopus : the attack on 
 THE Indians on the 4^" April approved and reinforcements sent. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant Sir. 
 
 We received by the yacht of Dirck Smith your favor of the 5"" of April, from which we 
 learned of your expedition against the savages, which, (although you suffered no loss and did them 
 also little damage) we still approve and you must continue these proceedings cautiously, when they 
 return in such manner, especially after the ploughing and sowing has been done, the accelerating 
 of which we urge upon you most earnestly and that this, the one and the other, may be done with 
 more order and safety, we shall send you herewith 25 to 26 soldiers, among whom are two volun- 
 teers, according to the enclosed list, besides also some provisions, among them an anker of brandy 
 and one of strong water, to be issued according to your discretion to those who may need it and 
 are sick. 
 
 As to the 3 horses, killed in the last affair, their owners shall receive a proper and fair indem- 
 nification or be supplied in time with others in their place. 
 
 You must by occasion inquire from the prisoners, where the women and children of the sava- 
 ges keep themselves, also what savages of other tribes give assistance to the Fsopus and furnish 
 us as far as possible with the names of these savages and give us at every occasion pertinent infor- 
 mation and report. 
 
 If you should require still more seed-corn and there is time enough to get it into the ground, 
 please to inform me by the first opportunity. No more for the present. I commend you to God's 
 protection with my greetings 
 On the 15"' April 1660. Your affectionate friend. 
 
m SiailE Of IHE LEHE OF OIKmE STOIHSASI 10 EffiltS SBITB OK PJtE 160. 
 
 
 
 
 ■3— iJ-v>-^«:N^ 
 
 ■/^'^ /---^-^ ''— ^v^ 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 0-^ 
 
 
 
 ^?> A-^ -; 
 
 ■ 
 
 ■H^aM^ 
 
Naw York Hifitorical liecards. IGl 
 
 Letter of the same to Yice-Directcjk Lamontagne at Fort Oranoe (Ai.iiany) : 
 
 INFORMATION REQUESTED, WHETHER OTHER InDIANS ARE LN LEAGUE WITH THE 
 
 Esopus. 
 Honorable, Beloved, Faithful. 
 
 We are verj much astonished, that since our departure from thence we have not received one 
 word of information from jon in regard to the state of affairs there, whether the savages in your 
 neighborhood are peaceful and do not molest the out-lying fanners. We expect to hear of this 
 by the first opportunity now, also to receive the list of the newly engaged soldiers, who have been 
 sent thence to the Aesopus, and what and how much each received as enlistment-bounty. 
 
 Tour Honor will please to inquire if possible, but cautiously, at every opportunity, whether 
 the Mahlkander and Catshill Indians do not assist the Esopus and if possible, discover the opinions 
 of the runners, that we may make use of it in due time ; your Honor must also, at all occasions, 
 admonish the Sachems of the Mahikanders and Catshills to come oftener and remind them of 
 what has been proposed to them and what they promised us, to wit, that they would not favor the 
 Esoptm savages and would not allow them to remain among them nor give them any assistance. 
 
 Herewith goes the letter of confirmation for the Commissaries, who M'itli your Honor are to 
 attend to the public welfare and the administration of justice in the place for the following year, 
 of which your Honor will make use at the proper time ; wherewith etc. 
 On the 15'" of April 1600. 
 
 Letter from the Magistrates of Fort Orange and Renselaerswyck to Ensign 
 Smith at Esopus, whh proposals made by Catskil and Mahikan Indians in 
 regard to the Esopus. 
 
 Monsieur Ensign. 
 
 Your Honor may judge from the inclosed propositions, made by the Katshil and Mahlkander 
 savages, what the chances are to make peace with the Esopus, especially as we hear only good-will 
 expressed by the Mahikanders and the savages in this neighborhood. And whereas the Mahi- 
 kanders go thither themselves, to bring the matter to a favorable end and fear that being with the 
 Esopus savages and communicating with them they might be captured or killed in a fight or otlier- 
 wise, therefore they have asked us for this letter of safe conduct and requested also, that your 
 Honor will please to defer any further hostilities until orders from his Excy. the Director-General, 
 with whom too they are to confer in this matter and closing herewith we wish to commend your 
 Honor to God's protection and remain your Honor's 
 Actum, Fort Orange Obedient Friends 
 
 this 21'" April 1660. La Montagne 
 
 After closing this we Francoys Boo.»^, Jeremias van Rensselaer 
 
 have resolved to write to the Hon. General A. van Curler 
 
 by the next sloop, as the savages are afraid Jan Yorbaeck, Sander Conraedt. 
 
 of going to the Manhattans. 
 
 21 
 
162 Colonial Setilevients on the Hudson Itiver. 
 
 Propositions made by the Cliiefs of the Kaishils, 
 in the name and on behalf of the Enojjus Chiefs 
 and in presence of some Mahikan Chiefs. 
 
 They say and offer to surrender tlie wliole Esopus and the lands on and along the Kil alto- 
 gether and to abstain from and leave it. 
 
 Also to make restitution of everything, which they may have taken from your people, wam- 
 pum, clotli, cutlasses, ploughs and other articles. 
 
 Also to surrender against ransom the unfortunate Christians and reconcile them with wampum. 
 
 They request, that you should on the other hand release and deliver the captiu-ed Esopus sav- 
 ages. 
 
 Finallv they ask for a firm and permanent peace for all times. 
 Done this 21st of April 1660 
 
 at Eort Orange. 
 
 Propositions made l)y the Mahikander and Katskil Chiefs for themselves. 
 
 They say, that they are very well inclined to peace and request that Mr. Stuyvesani will make 
 peace with the Esopus savages ; they offer to make a large present of wampum to Mr. Stuyvesant 
 as token of their gratitude. 
 
 They request also, that this may quickly be written to Mr. Stuyvesant and to the Esopus, 
 that an armistice may be made there until Mr. Stuyvesanfs answer comes, and that in the mean- 
 time the Katshd savages may have free access to the Esopus. 
 
 Extract from a LErrKR of Director Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland : 
 THE English project of a settlement on the Northriver between Fort Or- 
 ange AND Wapfingh Kil : report on the Esopus war etc. 21*^ April 1660. 
 
 Concerning the people of New- England : although we have not received a written answer to 
 our imperative refusal of free passage along the North river, yet, we hear from passengers and 
 skippers, lately arrived from Boston, that tliey persist in their intention to form a colony, with or 
 against our will, not far from the North river between Fort Orange and the Wajopinghs Kil and 
 will again ask through two commissioners free passage there and our permission. In obedience 
 to your Honors' order, for the sake of our own reputation and the public welfare we shall not only 
 refuse, but also offer all possible impediments and resistance and prefer rather to be driven out by 
 force, than to suffer shipwreck of our honor and oath by intentional forbearance ; the subsequent 
 occurrences shall be communicated to your Honors in due time. Meanwhile we request your 
 Honors as before for the sake of your own interests and the welfare of this country and its good 
 inhabitants to give us in good time such assistance in troops, ammunition and goods, as your 
 Honors may think, we need in the dangerous situation of the country and not to put any hope in 
 the weakness of the English government in Europe, and its disposition to meddle in affairs here; 
 New-England does not need her interference and assistance in this matter, for she is conscious, 
 that her power overbalances ours ten times and it is to be apprehended, that they will in this mat- 
 ter make an attempt so much sooner, as they see and trust that during the present monstrous con- 
 
Ne>o Yorh lli>it()rical Itecoiuh. 163 
 
 dition fit" the EnyUsh, government no countermanding order will he issued from tliat side: but we 
 will willingly submit our speculations to wiser judgments and hope the best. 
 
 The distressing situation of the country had compelled ns, before we received your IToiiors' 
 peremptory order, to draw the out-lying fanners together in settlements, to be at once delivered, 
 as far as possible, from murders of single persons, as your Honors may see from the enclosed 
 jilacaf" No. 5, which is now daily carried out. We could wish, that the before reported single 
 murder had remained the only one, but your Honors will have learned with regret from our last 
 letters and enclosures or may learn from the here enclosed duplicates, that it has not been the case. 
 Irritated patience and our own good reputation have forced us to an active revenge and war against 
 the Esopus Indians, the success of which so far gives us hope of a favorable final result under 
 God's gracious help and blessing: we captured by a stratagem l-l or 15 of their most prominent 
 men ; two or three sallies have since been made against them ; the exjieditions of our military 
 would have better results and the barbarians would be sooner conquered if they stood firm : how- 
 ever none of all the expeditions was quite without a result, if the reports of other savages can be 
 relied upon, which we do, because it is confirmed from various sides ; they are said to be willing 
 now, to lay their heads into our laps, to which we are as yet not willing to agree nor shall we soon 
 accept it, in order to give a sharp lesson to others, unless the apprehended and threatened invasion 
 of so-called Christian neighborsf places us in a different situation. As soon as wo have done 
 with these with God's help and blessing and if no other inconveniences arise, we intend to pay a 
 visit to the Nerbwesink and Raritan tribes, among whom most of the perpetrators of all the single 
 umrders keep themselves, should they persist in refusing to surrender the well-known murderers; 
 meanwhile we pray God for a successful result and your Honors for all possible and much-needed 
 assistance. 
 
 From the enclosure No. 8, your Honors may infer and can consider and weigh in youi- far- 
 seeing wisdom the continued claims, requests and projects of the Eiujllsh fi-om Bodon or the 
 Massachusetts Colony, which although they were answered to the best of our ability and informa- 
 tion regarding the matter and will also be resisted and defended by us, as far as wc are able, still, 
 as we explained to j-our Honors above, as their power is ten times greater than ours, we shall 
 hardly be able, speaking humanly, to hinder them in their project, if it is taken up in good earnest, 
 which we and many others presume — will be done, unless M-e receive without delay and loss of 
 time from your Honors assistance and help in the shape of troops and means: our former letter 
 via New-England recites our necessities. 
 
 * « vc » * « 
 
 Our beloved, faithful iV^/>7/o/rt-s' T'w/^'ilA and Capt. Lieutenant i?/7(«i Newton * * arrived 
 here 2 or 3 days ago. What they accomplished and the answer of that Government {ofVin/inia) 
 your Honors will find in their letter and the resolution marked No. 9 of the enclosures, also the 
 reasons, why they could not allow us to recruit men there fur a reinforcement of om- company. 
 
 * This is an Ordinance for the establishment of villages, passed February 9th, IGflO, for which see " Laws of 
 New-Netherland," p. 368.— Ed. 
 
 + Not only the English of the New-Engl:ind Provinces set up elaiins on parts of New-Netherland, but also 
 Maryland under Lord Baltimore tried to get jiossession of some of the Dutch territory on the Delaware about 
 this time. See Col. Doc., Vol. XII, p. 347. — B. F. 
 
164 Colonial Settlemdnts on tlie Hudson River. 
 
 Letter feom Ensign Smith at Esopus to Dikector-Stuyvesant : all quiet : nego- 
 tiations wiTU the Indians. 
 
 Noble, Worshipful, Wise and Prudent Sir. 
 
 Honorable Director-General and Council of New-Netherland. I inform your Honors here- 
 with, tliat I have received the goods and your Honors' letter on the 23'' of April, also that on the 
 ll"" inst. 3 Minckquas savages arrived here, who asked to make peace with us on beh.alf of the 
 Esopus and they brought us 11 fathoms of wampum out of their own means, as a present, they 
 said, because they came as strangers to talk with us : as it is not in our power to make peace 
 witli them and we do not know, how your Honor intends to act in this matter, we have given tliem 
 in return 3 coats of duiiels and they promised to come back the next day with muskets and the 
 swords, also the wampum, which they had formerly taken from us and to bring with them the 
 Sachems of the Esopus and they have been here twice again, but all they ask for, is only peace 
 and I have directed them to your Honor at the Manathans and I will f m-ther inform j'our Honor, 
 that on the 6"" of this month, when we had the last engagement with the savages, 3 of them were 
 killed, 2 badly wounded and one taken prisoner, but now they keep their noses at a good distance 
 from the fort and do not molest us and we continue daily with our agricultural pursuits, so that 
 your Honor's farmer has now about 40 schepels of spring-wheat in the ground. As to the black 
 horse of Thomas Schamhers, your Honor will get it \>j this same yacht and I shall not detain tlie 
 skipper, but urge him to depart as soon as possible. 
 
 Concerning the erection of your Honor's house, M'liich the carpenter is to build, I shall assist 
 the carpenter, as your Honor desires to have it done and as he had made the agreement with your 
 Honor, but as we have had bad weather for some time and we are helping now in the ploughing, 
 we shall still do our best, that the timber is brought to the work, but one llichielVerrie, who is 
 about to go to the Manathans and get married with your Honor's consent and who was to help, 
 has promised me to return by the first yacht, whereupon I have given him permission to go and 
 get married and when he comes back, the work shall be continued with all diligence. I do not 
 know of anything else to write your Honor this time and commend your Honor to the protection 
 of the Almighty and remain your Honor's humble servant 
 Act. Acsopus, the 24"" April IGGO. Deeck Siiirr, Ensign. 
 
 To the Noble, Very Worshipful, Wise, Prudent and Very Discreet, the Honorable Director- 
 General and Council of New-Netherland, 
 
 at Fort Amsterdam 
 in N. Neiherland. 
 
 Sir ! I inform your Honor, that after writing the foregoing a Katshil Sachem, called Keessi- 
 enwey, arrived here with a letter of the Hon*'^ Delarnontagne from Fort Orange, which I send 
 herewith to your Honor and the aforesaid Keessie Vi'ey goes to the Esopus Sachems to make them 
 come together and then he was to go to the Hon*"" General, to make a permanent peace and they 
 oflEer to the Hon"'" General all the Esopus country and propose to return everything, muskets, 
 cutlasses, clotli and wampum and make large presents besides and they call only for peace, peace 
 and await your Honor's mercy. Closing herewith I remain your Honor's humble servant 
 Act. Aesopus, 24"" April Derck Smitf, Ensign. 
 
 To the Noble, Worshipful, Wise and Prudent His Honor, the Director-General of New-Neth- 
 erland Manathans. 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 165 
 
 Letter fkoh Director Stiti-vesant to (Exsign Smith): with directions for the 
 
 NEGOTIATIONS -VVITII AND TREATMENT OF THE InDIANS. 
 
 Honoral)le, Valiant. 
 
 You may infer from the enclosed instruction, for what purpose Claes Jansen liuyier, tlie 
 bearer hereof, is sent thither; if you can get the better of the ^sopus savages upon his or other 
 i-eliable information and report (but after Claes de Ruyter's departure), then you are hereby com- 
 manded and directed to do it at the tirst favorable occasion, whicli offers, in quietness and with all 
 possible safety, especially if you have any hopes, to get a great advantage over them. We leave 
 this with God's help and blessing to your pleasure and discretion. 
 
 If some jEsopus Sachems or savages should come with the bearer, Claes de Fuyter, to yuii to 
 ask for an armistice, then you will treat them friendly and say, that the peace must be concluded 
 here, that you can oidy do, what you liave been ordered by us and if then the chiefs desired it, you 
 must let them go and come unmolested, but if they are willing to come to the 2lanhathans with 
 Claes de liinjter, then you must not prevent them, but rather give them one of the Council as a 
 proper safeguard on the yacht. 
 
 At the request of Jurian {?) Helm, made to us, we have given him permission to bring 2n or 
 25 schepels bread corn from the Aesqpus. 
 
 Postscript. 
 
 If the bearer hereof, Claes Jansen liuytcr, should be necessai-y for tlic better execution and 
 promotion of the exploit, then you may join him to your present force either as guide or in another 
 capacity. 
 May 5, 1G60 
 
 Instructions for Claes de Ruvter, sent -lo the Esopus to negotiate with the Indians. 
 Instructions for Claes de Jiuyter 
 
 lie shall go aboard of the Company's ynclit and proceed with it to the Esopus ; if he meets 
 any savages on his way there, he is to tell them, we had been informed, that the Minqxias, Mahy- 
 eander and other Sachems asked for peace with the Aesopus savages and that he is therefore sent 
 to speak with the chiefs of that tribe ; if the savages should say, that they were going to the Man- 
 hattans, then he shall answer, that it was good, but he wished, they had come to meet him and go 
 first with him to the Aesopus chiefs and to hear, what they had to say and whether they them- 
 selves asked also for peace ; by such means or under such pretexts he shall try to find out from 
 the savages, where the Aesopus chiefs and savages are and whether there was no chance to have a 
 talk with them and hear from their own mouth, that the Aesopus savages asked unanimously for 
 peace and he is further to state, that if they did not demand it unanimously, they need not speak 
 of peace. By such pretexts and under promise of a small present he shall try to find a savage, to 
 bring him to the Aesopus savages, if he considers it advisable and safe for himself; else, if possible, 
 he is to inquire and find out, where the Aesopus savages are and make thereof as full a report as 
 possible to Ensign Derek Smitt, but to nobody else at the Aesopus, after Avhich he shall depart 
 immediately. 
 
 If some of the Aesojms Sachems desire to go with him to the Ensign, lie shall tell theia, that 
 that would be useless and that the Ensiirii can oiilv do, what lie is ordered. 
 
166 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 If however the Aesopus Sachems should wish to go with him to the Manhattans, to sue fur 
 peace here, then he shall not refuse it, but he shall not allow more than 2 or 3 of them come iu 
 the Company's yacht and make all possible haste in his going and returning. 
 The 5'" of May 1660. 
 
 Letter feom the same to the same : state of affairs : the ageicultueal im- 
 portance OF Esopus. 
 
 "Noble, Worshipful, Wise and Prudent Sir. Honorable Director-General of New-2seiherland. 
 I have to inform your Honor, that I have duly received the letters by Claea de liuyter on the 7"' 
 iiist. On the 8'^'' of May I have been on the strand with a few men and had Claes de liuytcr 
 ferried over, to go to the savages and speak with them and as he was detained a long time I 
 returned with my men to the fort and he came to me iu the fort during the evening and reported, 
 that the savages would come to me the next day, but nobody came, except one savage ; therefore 
 he went with this savage again to the strand on the 11"" and this one savage went thence, to fetch 
 the Sachems, but he returned the same evening and brought no Sachem with him, which aston- 
 ished me very much. Then I went down to the strand on the 12"", to dispatch the yacht, for I had 
 seen, that the yacht could do no good for the service of the Company, for since Claes de liuyter 
 had spoken to the savages, we have not been able to lay hands on a savage, while we could do it 
 before. We stopped it however on account of our sowing and ploughing in conformitj' to the 
 order of the Hon*'" General and if we can reap any benefits from this place, we shall not neglect 
 to do it and the skipper of the yacht shall give a full verbal report of the affairs to your Honor. 
 
 I have to inform your Honor in regard to the 'spring-corn, which we sowed, that Thomas 
 Sianihers has 100 schepels of barley and peas in the ground and Jurryaen Westphalen, j'our Hon- 
 or's farmer, has in the ground 100 schepels of spring-wheat and barley, as well as peas and oats 
 and Cornelis Barentsen Schlegt 50 schepels of spring-wheat, nine of peas and a few of barley and 
 the Widow Stol 45 schepels of spring-wheat, 12 schepels of barley and four of peas, so that alto- 
 gether 320 schepels of spring-grain have been sowed ; Thomas Schambers has also sowed 75 sche- 
 pels of winter-wheat and Cornelis Barentsen Schlegt 20 schepels of winter-wheat and it has come 
 up nicely in the fields and we shall not bo hindered in the ploughing and continue with it every 
 day, as your Honor's orders direct, but I cannot write your Honor with certainty, where the sava- 
 ges keep themselves. Written in haste on board of the yacht, the 12"' of May 1660 
 
 Deeck Smitt', Ensign. 
 
 To the Noble, Worsliii)fnl, Wise and Prudent 
 
 His Honor the Director-General of 
 
 New-Netherland, at the Manathans. 
 
 Conference between the Dieector-Geneeai. and Councit, and the chiefs of 
 Hackinkasackt (N. J.), Najack (Nyack), Wiechquaeskeck (Westchester Co), 
 Haversteaw and the Wappings. Peace concluded with the Wappings. 
 IS"- May. 
 
 Present the Honorable Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant, Mr. Nicasius de Slllc, ilr. 
 Alhird Anth/jny, Burgomaster and Oloff Stevensen, ex-Burgomaster. 
 
NefW Yorh Hktovical liecwda. 167 
 
 To-day appeared in the Council chamber 
 Orakim, chief of Hackinkesacky, 
 
 Mattano^ late chief of Najack, now living on Staten^ Island., 
 Sauwenaro, chief of Wtec/irjuacdkeck, 
 
 Oor/'usjjin, brother and representative of the chief of Ilaverstroo, 
 Kessachauw, one of the chiefs of the Wa^pings. 
 
 They propose and say through the Indian intei-jireter Waerhen, tliat the Wajj^migs have deter- 
 mined among each other not to injure the Dutch to the extent of a straw. 
 
 2. That the abovementioned cliief of the Wappings has been sent by the Ji^mjms Indians to 
 aslv for peace for them and to say, tliat they will not make war any more. 
 
 3. He says on behalf of the aforesaid chief of the Wappijigs, that five of the captured savages 
 and a squaw are of the Wapping tribe and of his savages. 
 
 4. He says, that when before this the peace was renewed with the other abovenamed Sachems, 
 the chief of the Wajypings was not here and he comes therefore now and says, that he, like the 
 others, accepts the continuation of the peace, as aforesaid, and promises to keep it. 
 
 The answer given to the first and the last propositions, covering the same ground, namely the 
 continuation of the peace and that they would not do us any more harm, was, that they may rest 
 assured, that we neither would injure them and that it was well, that he, who had not been here 
 before at the renewal of the peace, had come himself and confirmed what had been jireviously 
 transacted with the other savages on the 6"' of March, 
 
 He was told on the 3'' point, regarding the request for peace by the Esojyus Indians, 
 
 I. Whereas no Esopus chiefs have come, how shall wo know, that the Ei<02->us Indians make 
 tliis request through him. 
 
 II. That the Esopus chiefs had before this frequently declared to us, they, the chiefs, were 
 quite willing to continue in peace with us, but that the young jieople always wanted to fight and 
 tliey, as chiefs, had no command or power to punish the barebacks and young people and \\q see 
 no occasion and safety in making peace with the chiefs only ; therefore it would first be necessary, 
 that he first and above all informed the Esopus Indians, old and young. Sachems and barebacks, 
 hereof and if they altogether desire peace, they nnist come themselves. 
 
 To the third proposition, regarding his statement that five of the prisoners and a squaw were 
 of the Wapping tribe and of his people 
 The following answer was given. 
 
 1. That we are not aware of it; the Maqumis chief, who was witli us and the aforesaid sava- 
 ges, when they were captured, says and declares, that they are all Esopus Indians. 
 
 2. Supposing, that, as he says, they are Wappings, we did not bring them h-om the Wnjpiug 
 country, but from the Esopus. What have his people to run to our enemies and help them i We 
 have warned beforehand all the tribes as far as the MaJiicanders, Maquaas and Menissinges .sava- 
 ges, to keep their people out of the Esopus and that we consider and keep as our enemies all whom 
 we find or catch there. 
 
 That nevertheless, as proof of the affection which we have for the Wapoings, we would give 
 the squaw to the Sachem of the Waj/pings as a present on the condition, that he should command 
 all his savages not to trouble themselves with the affairs of the Esopus nor to come there nor let 
 the Esopus savages come to them. AVhereupon he accepted the squaw. Done at Fo7-t Amster- 
 dam in N. Netherlands on the day as above. 
 
168 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Conference between the Directoe-Geneeal and three chiefs of the Mohi- 
 cans, AVHO ASK THAT PEACE MAY BE MADE WITH THE EsOPUS INDIANS. 
 
 2't"' May. 
 
 Present the Honorable Director-General, Claes de Ituyter and Jan Darech as interpreters. 
 
 To-day appeared in the Council chamber three Mohican chiefs, namely 
 Eskuvias alias Aepjen (Little Ape) ' 
 AppamH and 
 Kesseway. 
 
 Whereas it was stated, that tliej' came as envoys, they were asked, whether tliey came for 
 themselves or in the name of others. 
 
 They answered in substance, that they came in the name of the Esopus Sachems to ask for 
 peace, because they were no longer willing to make war, but wished to live as friends and that 
 they would leave the Esopas altogether and convey it to the Dutch. 
 
 They were asked, what security they brought with them or could show, that the Sachems 
 desire peace and that we must also know, whether the savages generally wanted peace too and 
 would not go to war any more, because the Sachems had declared, that they cannot punish them, 
 but must let them do as they please. 
 
 The Sachem Aepje put do\vii two strings of wampum, saying, that is as security, that the 
 Sachem, barebacks, young and old, squaws and men desire peace and ask for it ; putting down two 
 more strings he said, that this was as security, that they were sent to make peace. The strings of 
 wampum were taken up and they were answered, we believed willingly, that they had been sent 
 and had come, but that no peace can nor shall be made, before and until the Sachems of the Eso- 
 pus came themselves here or at least to Fort Orange., to consider the conditions of the peace. 
 
 They put down again two strings and requested, that the Indian prisoners should be released. 
 
 The aforesaid two strings were handed back to them with the answer, that we would not 
 accept tliem, as we did not intend to release the aforesaid prisoners. 
 
 They offered twelve strings again asking that the prisoners should be released. The same 
 answer as before was given and the strings returned to them. 
 
 Whereupon they inquired, what we would do with the said prisoners. 
 
 The answer was the question, what they had done with our prisoners. 
 
 After the said three chiefs had spoken to each other for a while, one of them laid down a string 
 of wampum before the Honorable General's feet, saying, that they requested, we should not carry 
 the war farther than to the Esopus ; the answer was: As long as they kept quiet and lived in 
 peace with us, we would do the same and not make war against them. They put down another 
 string of wampum, saying, that we must not be angry with them, if it should happen, that the 
 Esopus savages were to injure or capture some Dutchmen along the river and near Fort Orange. 
 The answer was, that as our friends they should prevent this as much as possible and if they should 
 receive any information of it, they must warn our people ; if they did that, there would be no 
 reason to feel angry with them. They again put down a string, saying that thereby they cast 
 away the remembrance of the refusal of their present, which they had offered for the captive 
 savages and that they had no ill feeling on that account. 
 
 Giving still another string, they requested that the Sachems or chiefs of Esopus should accord- 
 ing to promise, have a safe conduct to Fort Orange, on which the aforesaid string was accepted. 
 
 They were further told, that we were willing to live with them as friends and brothers, (as 
 
New Yojk Jf/sfoi'ical liecordsi. 169 
 
 with the other ncigliboring savages), provided that they kept quiet and would have nothing to do 
 with the ^sopus Indians, whereupon the following presents were given them in return : 
 3 blankets at 11 guilders fl 33 3 axes 3 knives 
 
 3 pieces together 2^ ell duffels 7 A 3 pair of socks 
 
 6 small kettles each a pound of powder 
 
 Nota: the eight strings of wanipinn, given l)y tliem, were found upon counting to amount to 
 
 in light money fl 13S.5 which is in heavy money fl U2 . 3 . 5. 
 
 For this the cash book of the Keceiver Euyven has been duly debited on the 26'" of May. 
 Done at Fort Amsterdam in iV. Netherlands on the day as above. 
 
 Kesolution to transport to Curacao all but two or three of the lately cap- 
 
 TDRED EsOPUS InDIANS. 
 
 May 25, 1660. 
 
 It is quite evident from the propositions and the talk of the savages, that we shall not obtain 
 a firm and stable peace with the Esopus savages, unless the captured Esopus Indians (of whom 
 the eleven here and the others still in prison at the Esopus are all bold and hardhearted fellows and 
 the most inconsiderate of the tribe) are released or they are deprived of all hope ever to get them 
 back and they are forced to a solid peace by force of arms (with God's blessing). Having consid- 
 ered this, after several serious deliberations it has been unanimously decided, that to release them, 
 would not only tend to create disregard and contempt of our nation among neighbors as well as 
 our own subjects, but also the neighboring barbarians and especially the Esopus savages would 
 glory in it, as if they inspired such great awe to our people, that we were afraid to rouse their 
 anger and that we had no courage, to treat, according to their merits and as an example for others, 
 the prisoners, among whom there are some, who have dared to murder oiu* people, captured by 
 them, in cool blood and with unheard cruelty. Hence, we have for the abovestated and other 
 reasons judged it to be best, to send the aforesaid Indian captives to Curacao by the first good 
 opportunity and at the expense of the Company, to be employed tliere or at Bonayro with the 
 ]iegroes in the service of the Company and to keep here only two or tlii-ee of the aforesaid cap- 
 tives, who have murdered our prisoners in cool blood, and to punish them at the proper time in 
 such a manner, as shall be decided upon, in the meantime to continue a defensive and offensive war 
 against the EiOpus savages and inflict all possible harm upon them, until sucli time, that we can 
 obtain a peace with them on favorable conditions. Amsterdam in N. Netherland, on the day 
 as above. 
 
 Letter from Director Stityvesant to Ensign Smith at the Esorus : Mohican 
 
 CHIEFS SENT BACK FROM THE MaNHATTANS TO EsOPDS, AS THE DiRECTOR DESIRES 
 TO TREAT WITH THE EsOPUS InDIANS DIRECT; THE HOSTILITIES AGAINST THE EsO- 
 PUS ARE TO BE RENEWED, AS SOON AS THE EnSIGN SEES THAT THERE ARE NO 
 CHANCES, THAT THEY WILL SUE ¥lM PEACE THEMSELVES. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant. 
 Since our last letter and your answer to the same we have not heard anything in regard to 
 the state of affairs at the Esopus, which has rather made us resolve to send the Company's yacht 
 22 
 
170 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 to the ^sopus, to carry up the Mahicander chiefs, who have been here to ask for peace with the 
 ^Esopus Indians. "We have as yet not been able to come to a conclusion, because they demand 
 tlie release of the captured savages : in the meantime we have referred them back to the ^sopvs 
 Sachems, to tell them, that if they wanted peace, they must ask us personally eitlier here or at 
 Fort Orange, where we would send a representative in that case. You will therefore allow these 
 Mahicander chiefs to go and come unmolested, also the Aesopus chiefs and savages, as long as the 
 Mahicanders are with them ; but as soon as these have left and bid good-bye to you, then you are 
 strictly charged to annoy and harrass, as before, in every manner the Aesopus savages and all 
 those, who may come to them or are with them ; if you should require thereto now or hereafter a 
 greater number of soldiers or any ammunition of war, then yon will inform us ; we shall not fail, 
 to assist you according to our means. Nineteen soldiers were sent us from the Fatherland by the 
 last ship "rfe Moesman^'' and a greater number, up to one hundred men, is expected by the next 
 ships ; may the good God bless our jnst cause and grant us a good and desirable success ! We are 
 informed, that soldiers as well as freemen are altogether too confident and run out in small parties 
 now and then and dare to go on the strand, as if there was no danger or no more savages : we warn 
 and command you therefore, to prevent and stop it and to allow no small parties of men to go out, 
 but to attack at every possible occasion M'ith the greatest caution and courage, beat and pursue the 
 Aesopus savages as far as shall seem advisable to you and not to trouble yourself about any armis- 
 tice, unless you receive from here or from Fort Orange express orders thereto. 
 
 Six soldiers are going up for the better protection of the Company's yacht and as safeguartl 
 for the Mahikander chiefs ; you may keep them there, if necessary or send down in their places 
 some disabled or sick men, but do not leave the yacht without proper protection during lier stay 
 there. 
 The 25"" of May 16G0. 
 
 Leti'er from Ensign Smith to Director Stuyvesant ; he reports a raid on an 
 Indian village on the Esopus and its result. 
 
 The 30^'' of May 1660, at the Aesopus. 
 
 Noble, Worshipful, Wise and Prudent Sir, 
 
 Honorable Director-General of New-Netherland. I have to inform your Excy., that I have 
 received the letter and the provisions sent by your Honor in the yacht, conform to the invoice. 
 But as Claes de Ruyter came to the Aesopus in the morning and as we did not know of his arrival, 
 we had marched out, 75 men strong, an hour before daylight, to make a visit to the savages and 
 took along one of the savages captured here, to get good information, where the savages might 
 keep themselves. Thus I came with my men to the second valley on Kit Dav'ietsen''s river, on 
 which this valley is situated and there I discovered some savages, who were planting and also fish- 
 ing. We did our best to get through there, but it was not possible on account of the high water; 
 then we retreated veiy quietly, so that not ona got wind of our presence, and returned to the fort 
 on Saturday morning, where, on making known our predicament and that they were at such a 
 queer place, where we could not get at them, I was instantlj' informed by the wife of Juryen 
 Westphahn, tliat there was a passage, but about 3 hours' march farther up in the aforesaid valley. 
 We resolved then to undertake it again immediately and took our road according to the informa- 
 tion of the aforesaid woman and got through and found tlieir houses, but tliev discovered us 
 
Ncio York Iiistoiical liecords. 171 
 
 tlu-ough the barking of tlicir dogs and fled quietly into the woods, without a shot having been 
 tired by us or by them and we got only one gun in the house and while looking for a canoe, to 
 cross ov'er the Kil, we found the canoe, in which the old Premaeker had fished : this Prcniaehw 
 is the oldest Sachem of the Aesopus savages and father to our prisoner Dlssyuartas. As he was a 
 very old man and spoke in arrogant words to our men, saying " What are you doing iiere, you 
 dogs " and aimed his gun at us, we took away his gun and six knives and a hatchet and as it was 
 a great distance we could not take him along and therefore gave him a whack with his own hatchet. 
 About noon on Sunday we reached the fort again, but on our march here some savages leaped out 
 of the bushes and fired a few shots at our rearguard and wounded one of them, but pursued by 
 our men they retreated immediately into the thickness of the bushes and because the bushes are 
 now green and full of foliage, they go there now out of their houses and live everywhere in the 
 woods, for they have found out, that we pursue them, and they stay in no place and we shall not 
 give them any rest, if we hear, where they keep themselves now and begin to plant, but shall again 
 pay them a visit, if possible. Concerning the ploughing and sowing, it is all done now and yes- 
 terday, Saturday, the last grain has been worked into the ground, so that now nearly all the land 
 is sowed; we have continually given them forty men as safeguard while tilling. Before the arri- 
 val of Claes de Ruyter I have tried diligently to attract the savages and to outwit them with 
 flattery, but since he and Jacob Toennlssen have been with the savages, we have not seen one of 
 them, for none has been here in the fort, except a mute one, who coming with some Highland 
 savages, our friends whom we did not dare to molest, brought some fishes. As to powder and 
 lead, we are not yet in want of it, but socks, shoes and shirts are much needed by the soldiers. 
 The gunner was engaged at 10 guildei-s per month on the 15"' of October 1(559; as he was not 
 satisfied with his pay and as I can spare him, I have discharged him on the 18"" of May. Closing 
 I commend your Excy. to the protection of the Almighty and remain your Excy's. faithful servant 
 
 Dir.CK Smht, Ensign 
 
 To the Noble, "Worshipful, Wise and Prudent, the Honorable Director-General of Neio-Neih- 
 erland, Petrus Stuyvesant at the Manaihans. 
 
 Conference between the Directok-General and Council and the chiefs of 
 Hackensack and Haveesteaw. An aemistice is geanted to the Esopus In- 
 dians. 
 
 3" June (1660) 
 
 Present in Council, the Right ir(.)nnrable Director-General, Petrus Sluywmnt and Mr. Nlca- 
 sius de Sllle. 
 
 At the meeting appeared 
 
 Oratamy, chief of Ilackinkesack and 
 
 Currwppin, chief of Haverstroo witli some other savages. 
 
 1. The chief Oratamy says, that during the last rencontre at the Esopus 4 or 5 days ago, when 
 only the chief Preumaecker was killed, about 20 Esopus savages were together, wlio all wished 
 to live in peace. 
 
 2. He says, that the Esopus chief Seuwackenanio, who was with them at Getnocnejm and on Sta- 
 t^ii-Island yestevday, was very sad upon hearing of the deatli of the aforesaid chief Premnaevker 
 
172 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 and that lie suddenly departed thereupon, whereas he did not know now what to do or not to do, 
 but he had left in haste in order to see, whether he could quiet the savages and would come back 
 in 10 or 12 days. 
 
 3. He states, that the aforesaid chief Seuwacltenamo had told him and the chiefs hereabout, that 
 just before he came here he had spoken with the soldiei-s, that is the figliting savages, who camp 
 by themselves and had asked them, what they desired; they had answered: We do not want to 
 fight any more ; then he had spoken with the women about what they thought best ; tliey had 
 answered, that we may peacefully plant the land and live in peace : then he had gone to the unex- 
 perienced young men, who camp alone upon another place, to ask them, what they thought and 
 they had said, to make peace with the Dutch and that they would not kill a pig nor a chicken. 
 
 After the foregoing propositions had been answered to the effect, that we too were inclined 
 to make peace, the chief Oratamy replied, that he thought it strange then, that our people had 
 only lately made an expedition against the savages and killed the chief PreumaecJcer. He was 
 told, it was our way, to do our best as long as we had no firm peace, whereupon he requested that 
 there might be an armistice on both sides during the negotiations for peace. "We answered him, 
 that, if he would go there himself with our interpreter Claes de liuijter or send somebody in his 
 name, to hear, whether the Esopiis Indians were minded as they said, we would send him and 
 them in the Company's yacht and keep an armistice until their return. He accepted immediately 
 to do this, saying, he would now see himself, whether the Esopus savages were well disposed. 
 Done at Fort Amsterdam in iV. Netherland on the day as above. 
 
 Commission fob Claes de Ruytee to accompany the chiefs to Esopcs to receive 
 
 THE I'KOPOSALS OF THE EsOPUS InDIANS AIJD HIS INSTRUCTIONS. 
 
 Whereas several tribes of savages, among others especially the Mahicanders, the Wappings 
 land those of Ilackinkesacky, Haverstroo and Staten- Island have at different times made proposi- 
 tions and tried to intercede for and in the name of the Esopus savages, asking for peace or at least 
 an armistice for the same, which has been denied by us, although not absolutely, while -we as yet 
 have neither agreed to it, but have deferred it from time to time on the grounds, that we could 
 not know, whether the Esopus savages desired it themselves and were disposed for peace, as long 
 as some of their Sachems did not personally appear before us and submitted to us some security 
 and reasonable conditions in this regard, whereupon the aforesaid solicitants every time stated to 
 us, that the Esopus Sachems did not dare to appear here in person, that they had been on the road 
 once or twice, but had each time returned for fear. 
 
 Whereas among others Oratam chief of HacTcinkesacky, C'orruspm, cliief of Haverstroo with 
 two of his officers appeared to-day before the Council and declared that a few days ago one of the 
 Esopus chiefs, by name Seuwacksnamoo had come to them and left again yesterday, expressly sent, 
 as he stated, by the other chiefs and savages of Esopus to sue for peace, who had told to the said 
 Oratam that he had first spoken with the Wauwapiesjes that is soldiers or fighting savages, who 
 camp by themselves and had unanimously declared, that they did not wish to fight any more ; that 
 he then had gone to the women and young children camping at another place and had asked them, 
 what they thought about it and how they were disposed ; they had called for peace and that they 
 might peacefully plant their corn ; then the aforesaid Esopus chief had gone to the young fellows, 
 who did the most harm and had asked them, whether they wanted peace and they had answered, 
 
New York Historical Records. 173 
 
 that henceforth they would not kill a pig, not even a chicken and that he then had come to them 
 to state this and to request peace, whereas he had heard in the meantime, that in the expedition of 
 our men, while he was away, the greatest and oldest chief Preumaecker had been killed and he 
 did not know consequently, what to do, therefore he returned suddenly overland, but had said, if 
 the Esojpus savages were still resolved to make peace, as before, he would come back to them in 
 10 or 12 days and 
 
 Whereas the aforesaid Oratam, chief of ILu'l-lnlYsacl'n, and Ourruj)j>iii, chief of Uarerntroo, 
 now request, that we will put a stop to our fighting for such a time and direct our soldiers at the 
 Ewjpus to make no more expeditions against the savages, so that in the meantime a g(_)od peace 
 might be concluded. 
 
 Therefore, after due consideration of the propositions and the condition of the season, the 
 country beginning to grow thick with bushes to the considerable advantage of the savages and 
 disadvantage of our people and having further considered, that if we should refuse suddenly the 
 various applications, we might arouse many more enemies. We have for these and some other 
 reasons of importance judged it best to reply to the aforesaid solicitants, th&t, if they would go 
 themselves or send somebody in their name with our interpreter Claes Jansen Ruyter to the 
 Enopus savages, to bear whether they are so disposed, as they say, we would send him and them 
 thither in a yacht and keep the armistice until their return and whereas they immediately accepted 
 this without conditions, to which the aforesaid cliiefs added, that they would now see themselves, 
 whether the Esopus savages were well-disposed, therefore we have thought it best for the Com- 
 pany and the good inhabitants of this province, the time for tillage being at hand, and advisable 
 to let Claes Jansen Ruyter go thither with the savages, to hear the propositions of the Esopus 
 Sachems and savages, to answer conform to the following instructions and to promise an armistice. 
 Done at Fort Amsterdam in N. Netherlands the Z^ June A° 1G60. 
 
 Instructions for Vlacs Jansen Itwjter. 
 
 lie shall proceed with Oratam, chief of Ilacklnhisacky, Corruspin, chief of Uaverstroo or 
 their messengers to the Esopus Sachems and savages and inform himself there, whether they are 
 so disposed, as the chiefs of the Mahicanders, of the Iliyhlands, Uaverstroo, Ilackmh-sacky and 
 others had stated, to wit : to make peace. 
 
 If they show any inclination thereto, he shall tell them from us, that we are quite willing to 
 make peace with them, but only upon good and safe conditions. 
 
 That the prisoners, whom we have and who must be counted as dead, shall remain in cap- 
 tivity for greater security's sake, while he marf give them hope, that, if they keep the peace well, 
 they or at least some of them may be returned. 
 
 That they must repay the muskets, wampum, duffels and other goods, which they had recei\ed 
 for our prisoners, whom they nevertheless had murdered. 
 
 That they should leave the Esopus or remove a considerable distance from our people, to pre- 
 vent mischiefs and that if any of their people should hereafter do any harm, they must repair it 
 immediately, or else the war will begin again. 
 
 And if he finds them well disposed toward peace under the above conditions, he shall send us 
 information of it and direct the Ensign upon sight hereof and until fm-ther orders not to connnit 
 any hostilities or undertake any expedition against the savages. Amsterdam in N. Netheiiand, 
 the 3'' June. 
 
174 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Lettee from Director Stuyvesant to Ensign Dirck Smith, directing him to 
 
 CEASE hostilities, IF THE EsOPUS InDIANS ARE WILLING TO MAKE PEACE. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant Sir ! 
 
 You will learn from his instructions for what purpose Claes de Ruyter has been sent to the 
 EsopxhS. In case the savages are inclined to make peace on the proposed conditions, you will dis- 
 continue hostilities and expeditions against them until further orders, but keep constantly good 
 watch and be well on your guard. 
 
 As to the request, made by you in your last letter of the 30"' May, for socks, shoes, shirts etc for 
 the garrison there, we e.xpect a large quantity by the ship " de Bever ", which is looked for daily ; 
 as soon as she has arrived, we shall provide you with these and other necessaries, with which etc". 
 Fort Amsterdam in N. Netherlands 
 the 3* Jime 1660. 
 
 Letter from Ensign Dirck Smith to the Director and Codncil, with particu- 
 lars OF A conference HELD WITH THE InDIANS. 
 
 12'" June. 
 
 Honorable, Worshipful, Wise and Prudent Gentlemen, Honorable Director-General and Coun- 
 cil of New-Netherland. 
 
 I inform your Honors herewith, that we have duly received your Honors' letter, dated tlie S*" 
 June, through Claes de Ruyter. Pursuant to j'our Honors' orders we have called upon the Esopus 
 savages to-day and have lieard their statement and they avowed, that they had all requested the 
 Sachems to make peace with us and that they came now themselves to us for this purpose under 
 the blue sky to despatch it. 
 
 Secondly, that they with all their soldiers, their women and children were sincerely disposed 
 for it and they were glad, that it had proceeded so far. 
 
 Thirdly, they promise, that neither they nor their children shall do any harm to us or to our 
 animals, much less commit any thefts or mischiefs. 
 
 Then we proposed to them all what your Honors ordered in the letter written to ns, to all of 
 which they assented and were satisfied with, but they requested, that a small piece of land might 
 be granted to them for their habitations and plantations and that at a great distance. 
 
 They requested also, that your Honor should come here by the first opportunity, bringing 
 along a good interpreter, who understands their language well, as whom they name one called 
 Waerhen in order then to conclude with your Lordship a firm, inviolable and eternal peace ; then 
 all the neighboring Sachems shall appear together at this place, to make the peace so much faster 
 and surer. Herewith commending your Honor to the protection of the Almighty, I am 
 
 Your Honorable Worships' humble servant 
 Esopus, the 12"" June 1060. Derck Smitt, Ensign. 
 
 Resolution that the Director proceed to the Esopus and conclude a peace 
 WITH the Indians. 
 2P' June. 
 
 The foregoing letter having been opened and read it was resolved, that the Honorable Director- 
 General should go there, as soon as the ship "ffc Trouio''^ has sailed, in order to conclude, if pos- 
 sible, a peace on the formerly proposed conditions. Date as above. 
 
Neiv Yorh Historical Iteconls. 175 
 
 Letter from Vice D'r. La Montagne at Fort Orange to Dir. STm-vESANT and 
 Council ; Indian brokers ; Mohawks and Senegas cut off a French fort. 
 
 Honorable, Valliant aud Worshipful Gentlemen. 
 
 Having left you, gentlemen, on the 14"" of May last I arrived here Friday the 2P' of the same 
 month at night, since which time I have had no opportunity, nor even leisure to answer the objec- 
 tions made by Mr. van Ruyven to my accounts. On the Monday following my return my wife's 
 sister was by an accident mortally (as we then thought) wounded, Tuesday the Commissaries 
 met to dispose of more than forty cases and a petition by the principal traders of this place was 
 handed in against the placat issued by his Honor the Director-General and Council and since 
 republished annually, that only Indian brokers should be admitted to carry on the trade. After 
 the bench had taken this into consideration, it was ordered to call the whole community into the 
 fort, to learn their opinion on this matter. They assembled on Wednesday and having been heard 
 individuall}' they expressed a different opinion, viz that it'would be better, to give the enormous 
 amount of brokerage, M'hich went now yearly into the pockets of the Indian brokers — about fifty 
 thousand guilders — to Dutchmen. As this opinion went directly against the request of the peti- 
 tioners, the latter, increased to twenty-five altogether, presented Wednesday a second petition, 
 repeating their former demands. Friday the other, small traders, also presented a petition signed 
 by fifty-four persons and now they began to scold and call each other bad names and threats were 
 uttered : Saturday the Court was convened to deliberate how to settle this matter, in which the 
 ])arties were so bitter and hostile against each other : the Court could not come to any conclusion 
 and on that account was adjourned over till Monday, when the Court, having assembled, decided 
 to deny the petitions of either party and ordered that in accordance with the placat neither Dutch 
 nor Indian brokers should be employed during the trading under a ])enalty of 300 guilders and 
 suspension from their pursuits for the time of two months. 
 
 Since that time I have been obliged to go into the woods with soldiers to prevent mishaps 
 and to see that the ordinances are observed. It comes very hard upon me, as I have no deputy 
 sheriff, and it has gone so far, that I must frequently remain over night in the woods: that is the 
 reason, why I have until now been unable to answer the objections to my accounts and to bring or 
 send them : they will be brought down by me or by Johannes Provod in the next sloops. 
 
 Nothing new concerning the savages has happened here, except that the Maquas and S/'n/it:- 
 kus, six hundred strong, have attacked a fort, defended by seventeen Frenchmen and one hundred 
 savages : they overpowered the garrison and put them all to death with the exception of two 
 Frenchmen and twenty savages, whom they carried as prisoners back to their fort; they ha\e lost 
 fourteen killed ; nineteen were wounded. Hoping shortly to have the pleasure of seeing you or 
 sending you my regards through Johannes Provost I remain meanwhile 
 Fort Orange Your Honors' obedient servant 
 
 15 June 1660. La. Montagne 
 
 Letter from Dirfxtor Stuyvesant to Ensign Smito, respecting affairs .vr Esopis. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant Sir. 
 I have with pleasure learned by your last letter that the Esojnis savages desire peace ; before 
 we come to confirm it, we judge it advisable and also necessary, tliat the two savages, who are still 
 
176 Coh'nial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 kept fis prisoners at the Aesopus, be first sent down and the sooner the better, whicli you will carry 
 out upon sight of this, after the yacht shall have been unloaded and you will despatch the sailing 
 of the yacht as much as possible. Glaes de Ituyter shall in the meantime remain there, \intil I 
 come, to have the Sachems and other Aesopus savages ready at my arrival. No more at present ; 
 I commend you to God's protection and am etc. 
 Amsterdam, 18"' June 1660. 
 
 Extracts feom a letter of the Director and Council op New-Netheeland to 
 THE DiEECTOKS IN Holland; defending their course against the Indians and 
 objecting to the appointment of Roeloff Swaktwout as SHEKiFF at Esopus. 
 Dated 25™ June 1660. 
 
 It is only rumored, that during the distressing occurrences and unexpected conflicts with the 
 savages on the Esopus as well in the last general massacre some acts have been committed by our 
 nation, either prematurely or rashly, which had been better left undone, but in investigating the 
 matter thoroughly, sufiicient proof could not be found to punish, as an example for others, this or 
 that act as tiie cause of these massacres. We have informed your Honors before this in detail 
 regarding the general massacre and could enlarge on the occurrences at the Esopus, which however 
 at present time does not permit and it would also be unnecessary, as we have, in our former letter 
 of the 29"' Octbr., reported the circumstances, origin and progress of it in detail, to which, if we 
 have given any cause, we are not aware of it ; the barbarous tortures, which they suffered at the 
 hands of the savages, overbalance their deserved punishment and it is therefore not necessary to 
 make further inquiries, as to how they and wo have fallen into the ditch, but it would be better to 
 think of means how to get out of it and fill it up. If concerning the subject of the Esopus, you 
 would take up again our letters of A° '58 and '59, the vexation, threats and affronts, inflicted from 
 time to time ujjon our nation by the Esopus savages would become apparent. Ei tandem pati- 
 entia laesu fit furor, therefore we have not failed to resent and resist them as far as possible with 
 the force and means, entrusted to us by God and by your Honors and thus far we have abundant 
 cause to thank the All-Good God for His blessing and the good results, of which more below or 
 in the next letter. 
 
 What your Honors recommend on this subject to our consideration, namely to punish, reduce 
 and subdue the Esopus Indians through the Maquas or other friendly savages, that has often been 
 thought of by us and we have tried to make the experiment, but we find the thing partly unsafe, 
 because they are all savages and the word and promise of one cannot be believed any more, than 
 that of the other, partly dangerous, especially and more so if we were to attempt it with the 
 Maqxuas, than with other savages, for they are a self-exulting, arrogant and bold tribe, made too 
 haughty through their continuous victories and advantages, which they have gained over the 
 French themselves and French Indians in Canada; if we were to ask them hereto and they 
 obtained and gained the desired result, they would exalt themselves and belittle us so much more 
 among the other tribes and in case we should not reward them according to their avidity and appetite 
 and did not continually stand there open-handed, we would constantly hear ourselves upbraided and 
 would have to fear an attack, if we contradicted them. For these and many other considerations 
 it is best, to stand as far as possible on our own feet and to pray the good God for a happy result ; 
 He has so far blessed our work, that the Esopus Indians have themselves and through neighboring 
 
Ifew Yovh Historical Records. 177 
 
 tribes asked for peace several times, to which we have, for reasons shown in the enclosure No. 
 so far assented that an armistice has been granted. Your Honors will be informed of the further 
 issue by our next letter. 
 
 ****** 
 
 We have been very much astonished hj the appointment to and the delivery of the Sheriff's 
 place at the Esopus to one lioelof Swart tvout, as well because of his minority as on account of his 
 unfitness for the place, especially, when a court shall be needed there, which, as your Honors say, 
 is as yet premature, as there is for the present no court of justice there and it does not ap2:)ear, 
 that one shall be there in a long while for want of inhabitants, fit to sit on the bench, 
 
 Anyway, if in the course of time this should occur a man of greater age, capacity and esteem 
 is required to take the Sheriff's place ; it must be one, who at the same time is able to attend there 
 to the duties of Commissary for the Company. 
 
 The sequel of your Honors' letter informs us of the concession and grant made to Jeronimus 
 ElAmgh, who married the widow of Johan de JIulter, that contrary to the general oi-der he may 
 leave his land untilled for two years. Eegarding liis petition, we have to say that it will not only 
 cause a great delay in the cultivation and settlement, but your Honors have also been deceived 
 and mis-informed, as well concerning the extent and location of tlie land, as that one part of the 
 same land was comprised or brought within the fortifications ; the contrary can be made as clear 
 as daylight. As to your Honors' extension of time, if it should go into effect, then not one bouw- 
 ery can during that period be made within the fortified settlement to the great inconvenience of 
 the farmers, who came over in this ship, and of others who might desire to settle there, whereas 
 otherwise the lands would have been taken by them at a reasonable price, to wit 10 or 12 guilders 
 ])er morgen, the same for which they offered their land here at their departure leaving verbal orders 
 and powers of attorney behind in regard to them, to convey them for that price to others, who 
 sliould like them : this would have been done already, if tlie war with the savages had not delayed : 
 12, 13 or 14 good bouweries can be made out of this land and the houses may be placed in and 
 near the settlements for the greater security of all. It would be very expensive and inconvenient 
 for the Company to begin a new village at a distance of a mile or one and a half miles, before this 
 first one was properly established, but in order to sustain your Honors' concession, as far as the 
 situation will permit and to guard as mucli as possible the owners against losses and complaints, we 
 shall treat witli them in this regard with all possible amity and friendship, either by buying the 
 land from them at the aforesaid price or else, which is equally good, but somewhat remote to leave 
 them in their places, that, when in the course of two or three years a new village should be estab- 
 lished, they might be cultivated or conveyed to others according to their wish. 
 
 Petition of Dikck Jansen and Lourens Loueensen fob payment of hire foe 
 
 THEIR sloop, which WAS USED FOR THE PUBLIC SERVICE AT THE EsOPUS AND ORDER 
 THEREON. 
 
 To the Noble, Very Worshipful Honorable Director- 
 General and Council of New-Netherland. 
 
 Show with humble reverence DircJc Jmisen and Laurens Laurensen, skippers of the yacht 
 ' de Arent ", that they, the petitioners, being with the same near the Esopus last year, with the 
 23 
 
178 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 intention of continuing their voyage to Fort Orange, Jacob Hap deceased, and Thomas Chamlera 
 came on board there with letters to your noble Worships, complaining of the great inconveniences, 
 created there by the savages and demanding of them, that, as the welfare of the country -was deeply 
 involved, they should quickly return and deliver the letters, which they did and they brought 
 down at the same time two soldiers; that they were quickly dispatched by your Noble Worships 
 to the Esopus, which they executed also, and that they have been in service with their yacht for 
 ten days and have had to make the trips, without taking in any cargo to their great loss and 
 whereas the farmers are not willing now, to pay them for the aforesaid service, saying that it 
 should be done by the country or by your Noble Worships, therefore they are compelled to address 
 themselves to your Noble Worships and respectfully request, that your Noble Worships will please 
 to order that their aforesaid services and the transportation of the two soldiers be paid with such a 
 sum, as your Noble Worships shall deem equitable and fair ; doing which etc*. 
 
 Your Noble Worships obedient servants 
 (signed) 
 
 LoURENS LoURENSEN 
 
 DiRCK Jansen. 
 
 The question having been put, the following decision was rendered : 
 
 Before we can dispose hereof, the petitioners must jirove, that they have been hired by the 
 chicf-otKcer there or upon his orders, else they must apply to them, who have engaged them. On 
 the 29"' of Juue A" 1660. 
 
 Order for the transportation of the captured Esopds Indians to Curacao 
 and agreement for their passage. 
 29"" June. 
 
 Whereas a resolution was passed on the 25"" of May, to send the captured Esopus Indians to 
 Curagao, for which an opportunity presents itself now, as Nicolaes Varletk and Jacob Backer 
 intend to let their sliip soon depart for Curagao, therefore it is resolved to make a contract with 
 them for the passage of the said savages, for which the lion''"' Nicasius de Sille and Secretary 
 Cornells van Ruyven are hereby specially authorized. Date as above. 
 
 In pursuance of the foregoing resolution the Honorable Niccusius de Sille and Secretary Cor- 
 nells van Euyven agreed in presence of the Hon"'" General with S' Varleth and Jacob Backer, 
 that for each savage should be paid as fare thirty-six guilders beaver value here or thirty guilders 
 in silver or goods at current prices at Curcgao. Date as above 
 
 Appointment of Marten Cregier and Oloff Stevenson van Cortland, to ac- 
 company THE Director-General to the Esopus. 
 S'"" July, Monday. 
 
 Present in Council the Honorable Director-General, Petrus Stuyvesant and Mr. Nicasius de 
 Sille. 
 
 Pursuant to the former resolution of the 21" of June and the promise made to the Esopus 
 savages, to make a peace with them upon the conditions proposed to them by the intei-preter Claes 
 Jansen de Ruyter and accepted by them according to a letter of Ensign Dirch Smith and the 
 
New Yorh Jlidufical Hecords. 179 
 
 verbal report of the said interpreter, requesting only that the lion*"" Director-General should him- 
 self come with a good interpreter to conclude the peace and to let them have a small piece of land 
 at a great distance, which they might plant and after due consideration thereof and reflection upon 
 the importance of the matter and weakness of the board of Director-General and Council, they 
 have unanimously decided and resolved, to send thither with the Honorable Director-General, one 
 of the active Burgomasters and a former Burgomaster of this City, namely the Worshipful Marten. 
 Cregier and Oloff Stevenson van Cortlandt, to assist the Hon''''' Director-General in any difficulty 
 with their advice and counsel. Thus done at the meeting in Fort AmsV in N. JS^etherland on 
 the day as above. 
 
 P. Stutvesant. 
 
 Extract from a letter of Director Stuyvesant to the Vice-Director at Cu- 
 RAQAo ; regarding the Esopus Indians transported to Curacao. 5^" July 
 1660. 
 
 I said in my last letter, that we were at open war with the savages of the Esopxis, which tiie 
 good God has thus directed and blessed that the barbarians, seeing no other way out of it, have 
 solicited peace through nearly all the surrounding savages, offering all their lands for their depre- 
 dations and leaving for greater security thereof the prisoners, taken since, in our hands, who are 
 sent to the number of 10 or 11 by this vessel to your Honor, to be in safer keeping there on the 
 Island and to be employed with the negroes in the Company's service until further advice. 
 
 Hope is held out to the other savages, that if tliey keep their word in maintaining the peace, 
 they may perhaps get back some of their transported friends ; as I am about to leave to conclude 
 the solicited peace, I find little material and less time to enlarge this, therefore in closing etc. 
 
 Treaty of peace, concluded wrrii the Esopcs Indians on the IS''" July 1660. 
 
 Articles of peace, made at the request of the below named 
 chiefs of the savages between the Hon. Petrus Stuyvemnt, 
 Director-General of New-Netherland and the Sachems or 
 Names of the chiefs, who asked chiefs of the Indians of the Esopus- 
 
 1. 
 
 All hostilities on either side shall cease and all acts and inju- 
 ries shall be forgotten and forgiven by either side. 
 
 for peace in the name of the 
 Esopus savages and in whose 
 presence the peace was con- 
 cluded : 
 
 0{ the Maquas : mi t:' ■ \ ■ ^ -^ ,• 
 
 AJ I • 1. •'•'1^ Esopus savages promise to convey, as indemnifacation, 
 
 w h ri ^^ ^^ aforesaid Director-General all the territory of the Esopus 
 
 ^ , ^,. and to remove to a distance from there, without ever returning 
 
 Uqhnecott • ^ i ^ 
 
 " again to plant. 
 
 Of the Mohicans: 3. 
 
 Eshuyas, alias Aepje They promise further to pay to the said Director-General in 
 
 Ampicmet return for the ransom, taken for the captured Christians, 500 
 
180 
 
 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Caiskil : 
 Keseway 
 MacJiaknemeno 
 
 Minquas : 
 On derishochq ue 
 KaJconyeritsschage 
 
 Wappings : 
 Isschachga . 
 
 Wisachganioe 
 
 Of nacTthikesacky : 
 Oratamy 
 Carstangh 
 
 Of Staten-lslaiid • 
 Warrhan 
 
 The following are the names 
 of the Hsopus Sachems, with 
 whom the treaty was made : 
 
 Seewackemamo 
 
 Neskahewan 
 
 Paniyruways 
 
 schepels of Indian corn, one half during the next fall, when the 
 com is ripe, the other half or its value during the fall next fol- 
 lowing. 
 
 4. 
 The Esopus savages promise to keep this treaty inviolable, 
 not to kill liorses, cattle, hogs nor even a ciiicken or if it should 
 happen to be done, then tlie chiefs undertake to pay for it and 
 in case of refusal one of them shall be kept in prison or under 
 arrest until the loss has been paid or made good, while on the 
 other side the Director-General promises, that the Dutch neither 
 shall be permitted to do any harm to them. 
 
 5. 
 If the Dutch should kill a savage or the savages a Dutchman, 
 war shall not be immediately commenced again for that reason, 
 but a complaint shall be made and the murderers shall be deliv- 
 ered to be punished, as they deserve. 
 
 6. 
 Tlie Esopus savages shall not come armed to the Dutch planta- 
 tions, houses and habitations, but without arms they may go, 
 come and trade as before. 
 
 7. 
 
 Whereas the last war was caused by drunken people, no savage 
 
 shall be allowed to drink brandy or strong liquor in or near the 
 
 Dutch plantations, liouses or settlements, but he must go with it 
 
 to his land or to some distant place in the woods. 
 
 Included in this peace shall be all, not only the aforemen- 
 tioned tribes of savages, but also all others, who are in friend- 
 ship with the Director-General, among others especially the chief 
 of Long-Island, Tapousagh and all his savages ; if any act of 
 hostility should be committed against these, the Director-Gen- 
 eral would consider it his duty, to assist them. 
 
 The aforesaid chiefs, as mediators and advocates of the Esopus 
 tribe, remain bondsmen and engage themselves, to have this 
 treaty kept inviolate and in case the Esopus Indians should 
 break the peace, now concluded, they undertake altogether to 
 assist the Dutch to subdue the Esopus savages. 
 
 10. 
 On the foregoing conditions the said Director-General offered 
 first to the aforesaid mediators and they accepted each a piece 
 of cloth and to the chiefs of the Esopus savages 3 of their cap- 
 tives and each a piece of cloth. 
 Thus done and concluded at the settlement on the Esopus, under the blue sky, in presence of 
 the Hon. Marten Cregier, Burgomaster of the City oi Amsterdam in New-Netherland, Oloff Ste- 
 
New Yorh Historical Jlecords. 181 
 
 vens07i Cortland, ex-Eiirgomaster, Arent van Curler, deputy of the Colony of lienselacrsioyek 
 and many people of the Esopus, both Christians and Indians, the 15"' July 1660. 
 
 P. Stuyvesant Marten Cekgiek 
 
 Oloff Stevenson A. van Curler. 
 
 Endorsements on the foregoing : 
 
 5"' of August. 
 
 After the report of the Hon''''' Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant, concerning the occurren- 
 ces at (the jE'sqpus), had been heard and read in Council, the same was duly thanked, on the day 
 as above. 
 
 The peace at the Esopus leaving been concluded, the Director-General and his party left for 
 Fort Orange and what has passed there, worth writing down, has been recorded hereafter. This 
 pro memoria. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Council of New-Netiierland to the Directors 
 IN Holland, communicating the conclusion of the peace with the Esopus 
 Indians. 26^" July 1660. 
 
 In our last preceding letter it has been stated, that the Esopus savages as well themselves as 
 through other neighboring tribes, had several times applied to us for peace and that an armistice 
 liad been granted; since that time the Director-General has proceeded thither and after many 
 debates finally a peace has been concluded with them, at the request and intercession of the Ma- 
 quaas, Minquaas, Mohicans, and other chiefs, the conditions of which are in substance as follows : 
 
 All former acts are forgiven and forgotten. 
 
 The country for 2 or 3 miles on either side of the Asopus Kil is given to us for reparation of 
 the damages. 
 
 For the ransom, which they took for our prisoners, whom they nevertheless killed, they are 
 to pay 500 schepels of Indian corn or their value. 
 
 No animal, small or large, is to be injured, much less killed, else they must immediately give 
 prompt satisfaction or go to prison, until the damage is made good. 
 
 No war is hereafter to be commenced for the sake of private quarrels, but the murderers are 
 to be punished by either side to the satisfaction of the injured party. 
 
 They are not to come armed into our places nor on our land. 
 
 They are not to drink wine or other strong drinks in the neighborhood of our bouses or 
 settlements. 
 
 The mediators are security for the concluded treaty. 
 
 Minute of the return of the Director- General and party from the Esopus 
 
 AND journal of THE DiRECTOR-GeNERAL ON HIS JOURNEY. 
 
 The Hon. Director-General, accompanied by the Burgomasters Marten Cregicr and Oloff 
 Stevenson, who had left, pursuant to a former resolution of the 5"' of July, on tiie 7"' of the same 
 
182 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 month, arrived here again on the 31" and delivered the following report, entered under date of 
 
 the 5"" of August. This pro memoria. 
 
 Journal and adventures of the Hon'''* Director 
 on the journey to the Esopus. 
 
 On the 7"" of July we left pursuant to the resolution and on the 9"", Friday, the chief of the 
 Highlands came aboard ; through him we sent two of his savages to the Esopus, to inform the 
 savages of our coming. 
 
 The ll"" of July, Sunday, we arrived at the Esopus and sent again some savages to the Eso- 
 pus savages and informed them of our arrival and that if they desired to talk with us, they should 
 come the sooner the better. 
 
 12'" do; savages again sent out; they sent word, that they should come to-morrow, Tuesday. 
 
 IS'" do; no Sachem has been heard from, but 10 common savages came, who said, the Esopus 
 Sachems would not come on that day, but perhaps to-morrow or may be, they would not come at 
 all ; nevertheless we sent again a savage to them. 
 
 li"" do ; when up to noon no Esopus Sachem nor any news from them had been heard from 
 we called before us the chiefs of the Maquaas, 3 in number, the chiefs of the Mahicanders, also 
 3 in number, the chief of the Wappings and the chief of Ilackinghsackin, also one of the deputies 
 from Staten-Island and made the following statement to them : 
 
 First, that they all knew very well, that we had given no cause for the war between us and 
 the Esopus savages, but that, after their having killed one of our people and burned 2 or 3 houses 
 the year before, we had nevertheless forgiven it and renewed the peace promising each other, that 
 henceforth no war should be begun, even though a man might be killed, but that the murderer 
 should be surrendered and punished. 
 
 The Esopus savages have nevertheless, now about 10 months ago, taken prisoners some of 
 our people, fired some of our houses, besieged and attacked this place on the Esopus and making 
 us believe during the siege, that they desired to make peace and would let us ransom the prisonere 
 and the ransom for our captives being ready and brought before the gate, the Esopus savages 
 took it away by force, kept our prisoners, and afterwards shamefully killed them, whereby we 
 were compelled to begin this war. 
 
 However, at the request of all the savages, who are our friends and who solicited peace for the 
 Esopus savages, at the intercession of our friends, the Maquaas, Mahicanders, Highlanders, Min- 
 quaas, CatsTcils and others we have made an armistice with the Esopus savages, who thereupon 
 were very glad and requested of our soldiers, stationed at the Esopus, that we should come ourselves 
 to the Esopus to conclude a firm peace. Having come and brought some of our friends, to make 
 a firm peace in their presence, the Esopus savages stay away, without once coming to us or speak- 
 ing of peace. 
 
 I had the aforesaid chiefs informed, that they all could see now, that it was not our fault, but 
 that the Esopus savages were trifling with us as well as with them. 
 
 And as it did not suit us, to remain here long waiting for an uncertainty and as further the 
 Maquaas and other chiefs were tired waiting and would like to leave as nmch as we, I requested 
 them all to take notice thereof and to inform all other chiefs and savages, our friends, of it and to 
 tell them not to trouble themselves any more about the Esopus savages nor to let them live among 
 them. 
 
 Yet to give them full measure, I had them informed, that we should wait till evening and if 
 they did not come then, we would leave during the night. 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 183 
 
 Towards evening of the li"" of July four of the Empus chiefs, to wit Kalcop, Seewackaenaino, 
 JVeshahewan and Pamijyrawach appeared at the gate of the settlement of Esopus. 
 
 In presence of the below named chiefs of the Maquaas, Minquaas, Mahicanders, Catskils, 
 Wappings, Ilackinkesackinghs, and the representatives from Najack and Ilaverstroo one of the 
 Minquaas chief, called Onderlshoijlique took the word in the name of the others. His first propo- 
 sition was in substance as follows : that the Esopus savages had come to them, the Minquaas, 
 complaining, they were engaged in such a terrible war with the Dutch ; to which the answer was 
 made. You have first done or commenced it, it is your fault, therefore we cannot give you any 
 assistance upon your complaint but we will, as far as is in our power, solicit peace for you and 
 help to promote it ; for the present, made by the Esopus savages wheu asking for help, he has 
 now brought in return a present towards the peace, which he asks for them; he says, that if they 
 could not obtain it, the Esopus savages would return home crying. 
 
 We answered him upon the foregoing statement through our interpreter, that not only the 
 Minquas but also the MaJdcanders, Maquas, Catskils, Highlanders, Ilackinghsacks and other 
 surrounding friendly tribes had asked for peace for the Esopus savages and that out of regard for 
 the requests made by our friends, we were quite willing to treat with the Esopus, if we could feel 
 assured of peace ; after this had been repres.ented to them once or twice, the Maquaas, Minquaas 
 and other beforementioued chiefs were asked, whether they would be bail, that the Esopus Indi- 
 ans should not again begin, as they have done now. 
 
 Whereupon the Macquas chief Adoghwatque proposed and said to the Esopus savages : The 
 whole country is now assembled on your account, (who have always quarrelled and begun war,) 
 to solicit peace for you and to conclude it. If this shall have been made, do not begin again 
 for your lives, for if you begin again and do not heed us, we shall most surely not intercede for 
 you another time. The Minquaas chief took up the word and admonished the Esopus savages in 
 the same manner, that they must not begin again nor that they should kill any horses or cattle 
 nor that they should steal anything, but they must buy or earn it and live with the Dutch like 
 brothers. 
 
 After a little consultation and talking among each others the Minquaas chief continued his 
 proposition to the Esopus savages: You harm us Minquaas and the Macquaas every time; it is 
 not jour land, but it is ours, therefore do not begin it again, hut throw down the hatchet and 
 trample it into the ground, that the hatchet may never again be taken up. He gives thereupon 
 a string of white wampum. 
 
 The aforesaid Macquaes taking the word spoke to our Dutch people of the Esopus and 
 admonished them in his manner, that they too should not begin again and that they should not 
 box the ears of the Esopus Indians and then ridicule them ; thereupon he took the hatchet out of 
 the hands of the Esopus savages, threw it down and trampled it into the ground, saying Now 
 they shall not begin again for their lives. 
 
 The Esopus savages continued then : Now, we have let the hatchet be taken from us and 
 trampled into the ground, we shall not take it up again in eternity. 
 
 After the foregoing discussion we answered the Esopus savages through our interpreter, that 
 we were willing, at the request, made in their behalf by all the aforesaid chiefs, our friends, to 
 conclude a treaty of peace with them on the conditions previously coramiinicated to them by our 
 interpreter Claes de Ruyter, to wit: 
 
 1. That they must return all the muskets, wampum, duffels and other goods, given by our 
 people for our prisoners and taken by them, notwithstanding which they shamefully murdered 
 the prisoners afterwards. 
 
184 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 2. To compensate for the damages done to us and that the peace may be kept better, they 
 must remove from the lands on the Esopus to some distance and convey the land to us, without 
 being allowed to plant there again. 
 
 3. They should not do any harm either by killing hogs or otherwise ; if any hann should 
 happen to be done by somebody, tliey must pay for it immediately and if they did not, then some 
 one of them is to be arrested until the payment is made. 
 
 Fourthly and lastly, the other chiefs of the Macquaas, Ilahikanders, Mincquaas and other 
 tribes shall be bail, that the com will be delivered and that they do not begin again and if they 
 should default, that then they shall help us to whip' the Esopus savages. 
 
 Fifthly, not only we, but all other savages, our friends shall be included in this treaty and 
 among others especially those of Long-Island, to wit the chief Tapusayh with his savages of 
 .Recl-owachy, Marsipyn and Canaresse. 
 
 The aforesaid having been accepted by them, the peace with the Esopus Indians was concluded 
 under the following stipulations. 
 
 Conference held at Foet Orange (Albany) between the Director-General 
 AND THE Senegas. 
 Present the Hon. Director- 
 General and the gentlemen Propositions made to us by the 
 of the two courts here. Sinneckes at Fort Orange, the 
 
 25"' July A" 1660. 
 
 They say in the beginning, that it is now some years past, since they have been at the Man- 
 hatans and brought presents there, witliout having received any return for it, not even a pipefull 
 of tobacco, whereupon they give three beavers. 
 
 Secondly, they say that, a year or two ago, they requested, that they should receive a blanket 
 and a piece of cloth for one beaver, to which they got no other answer, than that we would tell 
 them, when the ships came ; whereupon they give three beavers. 
 
 Thirdly, we have only a little request to make to you and yet what we ask for is, as if we run 
 against a stone ; they give thereupon three beavers. 
 
 Fourthly, they say, when we were at the Manhatans we have concluded our friendship with 
 a chain and united each others and this is now for a renewal of it, giving three beavers. 
 
 Fifthly, they say, let us have one mind and if you make a request to us, we shall listen to 
 you, whereupon they give three beavers. 
 
 Sixthly, they say, we are now engaged in a great war and cannot obtain either powder or lead 
 or else we must have beavers and a good soldier o\ight to have powder and lead instead of nothing ; 
 they give thereupon three beavers. 
 
 7"". They say, we thank you, that we now receive everything as a present, caps, socks, shoes, 
 shirts, cloth, whereupon they give two beavers. 
 
 S"". They say, now number of Sinnehes shall again come and request, that they may barter 
 their beavers at pleasm-e and that they may not be locked up by the Dutch, but that they may go 
 with their beavers where they please, without being beating, when they want their beavers to go 
 to another place to trade ; they give three beavers. 
 
 Q'*". They say, you have taken us and the Macquaas and Mahikanders with you to the peace 
 conference at the Esopus, now you should return the captured Esopus savages; they give two 
 email beavers. 
 
iVe«« Yorlc Historical Records. 185 
 
 10"". We are very well pleased, that you have made peace with the Esopiu% we have some- 
 times to make use of the road, it is very good, that brothers live in peace. 
 
 ll"". They say, you are the chief of the whole country, to whom we all look up and we have 
 asked a piece of cloth for one heaver, 50 hands full of wampum for one beaver, and 30 hands full 
 of powder for one beaver, but you have been sleeping imtil now and therefore we now wake you 
 up again ; they give three beavers. 
 
 12"". They say, we must work hard to fetch the beavers through the enemy's country, there- 
 fore we ask, that we may obtain much powder and lead, for if the enemies overpower us, where 
 shall we then catch the beavers ; they give two beavers. 
 
 13"". They say, they ask, that henceforth it shall be fi.xed, that they shall receive 30 hands 
 full of black wampum for one beaver ; they give thereupon 2 beavers. 
 
 14"". They say, that they request, they may get from now CO hands full of white wampum 
 for one beaver and give thereupon 2 beavers. 
 
 15"". They say, when we are sometimes in a trader's Iiouse and wish to go to another's to buy 
 goods, which suit them, then we get a good beating, so that we do not know where our eyes are 
 and that ought not to be, each ought to go where he pleases and where the goods suit him best ; 
 they give hereupon 2 beavers. 
 
 IG"". They say, we have now asked that the Dutch shall not beat us any more, you must now 
 forbid the Dutch to do it, so that we may smoke tobacco in peace ; buy j'ourselves now tobacco for 
 two beavers then you can smoke it and consider everything well ; we intend to come with all the 
 chiefs next year and hear it all ; this is now only to wake you up, but then we will speak to you 
 ])lainly ; they give thereupon 2 beavers. 
 
 17"'. They say, the Dutch send so many brokers into the woods fi'om one house, that they do 
 not know, where to go with tlieir beavers, each ought to have something ; they, that is the brokers, 
 drag one, that he does not know, which way to go ; this ought not to be permitted, but each house 
 ought to have something ; they give thereupon one beaver. 
 
 18"". They say, the French savages are to come to the Cahoos to the Jlahikanders, wherefor 
 they lament very much ; now as you are bound to them by a chain, you too ought to be sorry ; 
 they give 1 beaver. 
 
 lO"". They request, that the Director-General should warn all the Dutch, not to beat the 
 Indians any more, else the Dutch will say, we do not know anything about it and that we with 
 our beavers may go where we like without lieing beaten ; they give thereupon 1 beaver. 
 
 • Answers to the propositions made 
 
 by the Sinnecus chiefs. Dated 26"" 
 July A." 1660. 
 
 1" proposition answered : It is true, our brothers have been at the Manhatans 2 or 3 years ago 
 and made a treaty of friendship with us, which we shall always maintain, as we have done so far 
 and always will and because the tobacco was forgotten at that tune, we give them now a roll of 
 tobacco, that, when they return to their country, they may remember their friendship and keep it 
 as firmly, as if they were bound to us by a chain. 
 
 2. We have made peace with the Esopus at the request of our brothers, the Macquaas, Mahihan- 
 ders and other friends, so that we and they may freely and safely use the roads and rivers and we 
 give you the hatchets, which we now lock up and you are charged not to kill any horses or cattle, 
 when you go away from here. 
 24 
 
1 86 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 3. Our brothers, the Sijinekus, have thanked us, because we have made peace with the Esopua ; 
 wc now request them, that they too should make and keep peace with the Macquaas, so that we 
 may also use the roads to them freely and safely, as both our brothers do here. 
 
 4. As our brothers complain, that they cannot get enough powder, we give them now a keg full 
 of powder, but they must not use it against our brothers, the Macquaas, only against their distant 
 enemies, where they have to bring the beavers from. 
 
 5. The brothers complain, that their beavers are locked up, when they come into the houses ; we 
 have forbidden our people to do so three days ago and the brothers may go with their beavers, 
 where they please. 
 
 6. Brothers, if any Dutchman beats you, come to the Sachems and make a complaint or if any- 
 body of the Dutch keeps or locks up your beavers, they will sec that you get them back. 
 
 7. Brothers, it is well, that everybody goes now with his beavers, where he likes, and no brokers 
 shall henceforth be sent, but everybody may go with his beavers, where he likes and you are there- 
 fore directed not to listen to any broker, but strike them on the head, so that one cannot see, 
 where his eyes stand. 
 
 8. The Dutch cannot consent to what the brothers request, that we should give so much cloth or 
 wampum for one beaver, as it has to come a great distance over the sea. 
 
 Lease of a Farm at Claveeak. 
 (Fort Orange Records. Vol. Notarial Papers, 1660-1676.) 
 
 This IT"" day of August 1660 appeared before me, Dirclc van Schelluyne, Notary Public etc 
 Mr. Ahraha7n Staats, merchant at Beverwyck, party of the first part, and Christoffel Davids and 
 Ilendrick Eets, farmers, parties of the second part. The said Staats declares to have let and the 
 said Davids and Eets to have rented from him a certain bouwery, belonging to the lessor, situate 
 and lying at the Claverak for the term of three consecutive years, beginning on the next first of 
 October and to end the last of September 1663. *,* * * * * * * 
 
 Rent 150 fl a year during the first two years and 200 fl the third year. * * * 
 
 Petition ok Eev. Heemanus Blom and Eev. Heneicus Selynus foe an allow- 
 ance FOR BOAED AND LODGINGS, WHILE DETAINED AT NeW-AmSTEKDAM ON THEIE 
 WAY TO THEIR PLACES OF DESTINATION, RESP. EsOPUS AND BROOKLYN ; GRANTED. 
 
 Thursday, 2" September (1660) 
 
 Present in Council the Hon''''' Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant, Messires Nicasins de 
 
 Sille and Johan de Deckere, Councillors. 
 
 To the Right Honorable Director-General 
 and Council of New-Netherland. 
 
 "Whereas we, the undersigned, have left home in the service and employ of the Right Honor- 
 able Lords-Directors of the Incorporated West-India Company, Department of Amsterdam, to 
 preach the Holy Gospel and by God's grace have safely arrived in New-Netherland, but could 
 
Nev) Yoi'k Hlatur iced Records. 187 
 
 not be immediately forwarded to our places (to wit Esojpus and Brboklyn, where we were ordered 
 by their Lordships to take charge of the divine service and propagate the knowledge of God) 
 except upon a proper and solemn order of your Honorable Worships and have especially at the 
 Manhatans, where we took up our provisional residence, waited with sincere desire for the time 
 and opportunity of being forwarded and introduced into the service of the church, Therefore we, 
 the petitioners, request with all respect and due reverence, that your Hon"'" Worships will please 
 to take upon themselves the payment of our expenses for board and lodgings, according to the 
 laudable instructions given by the Hon*"" Assembly of the XIX and delivered to us, the petitioners, 
 with new signatures by the Lords-Directors, reading: Artie. XV the preachers etc^. 
 
 By doing this, your Hon"'" Worships will oblige the petitioners and animate them in their 
 service of the Word, in the meantime they hope for a favorable resolution and remain 
 
 Your Honorable Worships' 
 
 faithful servants 
 (signed) Hermanus Blom 
 Pastor at Esopus 
 Henricus Selyns 
 Pastor at BreucJcelen 
 
 The foregoing petition having been received and read, the following decision was made : 
 
 For as long a time as the petitioners have been here at this place from their arrival until this 
 day one beaver per week shall be allowed to them for board and lodgings. Date as above. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Petrds Stdyvesant; 
 
 THEY have received THE NEWS OF THE PEACE ON THE EsOPUS WITH PLEASURE, 
 ON ACCOUNT OF THE CONSEQUENT REVIVAL OF AGRICULTURE AND ARE ASTONISHED 
 OVER THE OBJECTIONS TO RoELOFF SwARTWOUt's APPOINTMENT AS SHERIFF AT 
 
 Esopus. 20" Septbr 1660 
 
 We have been pleased and gratified to hear of the good success, which your Honors have had 
 against the Esopus Indians, as it is in our opinion a matter of great importance. For,Mf the wings 
 of this barbarous nation could be clipped in such a manner, that they are kept without the power 
 and danger of doing harm, then, it is certain, that the cultivation of the soil shall be undertaken 
 with greater zeal and better result and shall increase directly more and more. And, while, as we 
 have said before, we trust, that your Honors shall not be disturbed by the English neighbors and 
 consequently shall have the liands free in that direction, yet your Honors ought not to neglect to 
 pursue and bring to a successful end the results gained from the said Esopus Indians, so that then 
 the Newesinks and Raritans tribes may be taken in hand with so much more safety and brought 
 to reasonable terms or perhaps be reduced and made nndangerous. 
 
 ****** 
 
 We are glad, that the Esopus savages have asked and solicited peace as well directly as through 
 others, as it is a sign, that their courage indeed failed them and we had grown more awe-inspiring 
 Esopus. to them. The motives, which caused your Honors to grant them first an armis- 
 
 tice, are not without foundation and as a peace was to be the final conseq\icncc, we will hope that 
 
188 Colonial Settlements on the Hvdson River. 
 
 the same shall he kept by tliem' and shall be firm and permanent. Your Honors should have the 
 hands free in that direction, to resist the English usurpations, in case they should contrary to our 
 expectations carry them out. 
 
 We have more reason to be astonished over the rejection of and objection to our choice, made 
 Roeiofr Swart- of the pcrson of Moeloff Swartwout as Sheriff on the Esoj>us, than your Honors 
 
 vt»at. liave liad in regard to liis liaving been chosen, in whicii as we have had sufficient 
 
 judgment, we also believe to possess power and authority, to have Our orders and commands strictly 
 obeyed and we desire this especially in this case, unless much can be said of the said Swartwoiif s 
 life, for in other respects he is old enough to be fit and if there were any deficiency herein, then 
 he has time to outgrow it, as he cannot execute his duties as long as there is no court of justice 
 established there, which will not be the case yet for some time as your Honors say yourselves. 
 ****** 
 
 When we had answered your Honors' letter so far and as far as we thought necessary, the 
 ship called " S" Catherina " arrived here and with it a letter from the Council, dated 26"" July, 
 in which we find nothing but the substance of the conditions of peace entered into and made with 
 the Esopus savages ; we can therefore only say in regard to it, we hope and wish, that it will and 
 may tend to the welfare of the country and its inhabitants. 
 
 Order on a petition of the wife of Thomas Huggens, for payment of a horse 
 killed in the public service during the late esopus war. 
 (23'' Septbr 1660) 
 
 The petition of Marritje Huyherts, wife of Tomas Huggens was taken up and read, who 
 demonstrated, that during the defense against the Esopus savages she had loaned a horse to Ser- 
 geant Christian Niesen by order of the Ensign, for the service of the Company ; this horse having 
 been killed by the savages, she asks for payment for it. 
 
 Everybody's opinion having been asked, it was answered : 
 
 Before a decision is given hereon, the petitioner must prove, that the horse belonged to her 
 alone and af^er that has been done, she nnist have it appraised by impartial men, not according to 
 what it was worth at the purchase, but at the time and under the circumstances, when it was 
 Jiilled in the service of the country. Date as above. 
 
 Petition of Sdegeon Gysbert van Imborch foe Payment of his bill for attend- 
 ance ON A soldier, WHO WAS WOUNDED DURING THE EsOPUS WAR ; GRANTED. 
 
 (30"> Septbr 1660) 
 
 Copy. To the Right Hon"'" Director-General 
 
 and the Hon'"'= Council of New-Neth- 
 erland. 
 
 Shows with due reverence Geysberi van Imhurch, surgeon at Eo7't Orange, that a short time 
 ago during the war with the Esopus Indians he, the petitioner, has treated one Dnminicus, a sol- 
 
New York Historical Records. 189 
 
 dier of the Ilon'''^ West-India Company, who was brought to Fwt Orange by the Hon"'* Director- 
 General himself on account of his severe wounds, he having eighteen different wounds and 
 whereas he, the petitioner, cannot be credited by the hon"'* Receiver for the amount of his fees 
 the sum of which is 80 fl. in beavers according to the account rendered, without your Hon*'* Wor- 
 shi))s' order, therefore he requests with all respect, that your Hon""* Worships will plesise to direct 
 liis Honor, the Eeceiver, to credit him, the petitioner, for the amount of his fees either on the 
 account of his former patient or that of the Hon"'* Company, as your Hon"'* Worships may 
 decide, so that in due time he may have the benefit of it; not doubting which he remains 
 
 Your Hon"'* Worships obedient servant 
 
 (signed) Gysbert van Tmborch. 
 
 The foregoing petition was taken up and read and after everybody's opinion had been asked, 
 it was decided, as follows : 
 
 Fifty guilders in beavers are allowed to the petitioner on account of the Company for curing 
 tlie atoresaid person. Date as above. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Director and Council to the Directors in Hol- 
 land : Rev. Blom has been put in charge of his church : Serg''. Andkies Lou- 
 kensen returns to Holland well recommended. 6^" Octbr 1660. 
 
 The two preachers, lately arrived here, D" Blom and Selytis have been put each in his place, 
 in accordance with 3'our Honors' orders and their nomination. 
 
 The former Sergeant Andries Laurenx, who goes over in the ship " Eyclccnboom ", has re- 
 quested us for a letter of recommendation, that the balance of the monthly pay due him, 9i guild- 
 ers, might be»paid to him by your Honors in silver-money (as he said, he liad no other money for 
 his travelling expenses). Considering his good services at all occasions, in war and in peace, we 
 could not refuse his request. We would therefore respectfully ask your Honors to accommodate 
 him in this matter. 
 
 Report of Director Stuyvesant's visit to Esopus and Fokt Orange. 
 
 y"' November (1660) 
 
 It was stated at the meeting by the Hon"'* Director-General, Petrus Shiyvesant, that his 
 Honor intended, to go from here to the Esopus to morrow if the weather was fiivorable, to accel- 
 erate the threshing of a quantity of grain for the Company and make arrangements for completing 
 the redoubt there, preparing the dwelling of the preacher etc. Date as above. 
 
 On the 10"" November his Honor sailed in the yacht of Vlodder and returned here on the 27'" 
 i-eporting in substance as follows : 
 
 First, that there was little hope at the Esopus to get from there a quantity of grain before 
 the winter, because the farmers there had as yet threshed nothing or only a little. 
 
lUO Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Second, that this had made his Honor resolve to take a trip to Fort Orange, to see whether 
 they had more in store there, but that on account of the sudden frost he had not been able to get 
 more than 150 schepels. 
 
 Third, that his Honor had also met there some of the Macquaas chiefs, who said, it was their 
 intention to make an expedition with a number of men against the Kinnebeck Indians in a short 
 time, upon which statement his Honor had proposed to them, in consequence of the request pre- 
 viously made to us by his Honor, the Governor of Boston, rather to try and make peace with each 
 other etc and that he had finally persuaded them so far, that they promised first to speak about it 
 with the other chiefs, before they started. On the 27"" Novbr. 1660. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Director and Codncil to the Directors in Hol- 
 land ; FEARS are entertained, that the peace with the Esopus Indians will 
 NOT last long. O^"* December 1660. 
 ^ * * * * * 
 
 Matters here are in a reasonably quiet condition as well in regard to the barbarians as to the 
 neio-hbors, at least we neither hear nor learn of any troubles, though some people believe, that the 
 Esopus savages will keep the peace no longer, than until they see a decided advantage: against 
 this we keep good watch and an eye on the sail ; they are quite bold and saucy in their talk and 
 have as yet not delivered the promised corn ; the Sachems plead in excuse, that on account of the 
 war they could plant little or nothing ; which stands to reason and therefore we have less insisted 
 upon it. 
 
 "We have not yet attended to the NewesinJcs Indians, because the Sachems and the greater 
 part of these savages make the excuse, not to have had any knowledge of the murder and at the 
 same time show the impossibility of apprehending and surrendering the delinquents, without plac- 
 ing themselves in danger of being massacred by their relations. They have asked several times 
 and also made presents, that the matter should be adjusted and forgotten this time, which we have 
 so far refused for good reasons and have insisted, that they should surrender the murderers or at 
 least some of them, while we take in consideration the uncertainty of the result and that the war 
 would be very injurious to the newly commenced plantation and through fresh complaints would 
 delay the increase of population : we hesitate therefore to give them fresh causes for it and to 
 compel them by force of arms to an act of probable impossibility. 
 
 Letter from SEROEAin' Christian Nyssen to Director Stutvesant on the state 
 
 OF AFFAIRS AT THE EsOPCS. 
 
 Noble, Very Worshipful, Wise and Prudent, Honorable Director-General. 
 
 I inform your Honor herewith, that I have duly received on the 12 X'" by Willem Moer, the 
 skipper, the goods sent to me and that the roof of the house on the strand is ready, my quarters 
 have also been prepared, as they ought to be and as your Honor ordered it. I would have sent 
 your Honor some wheat, but a sufficient quantity had not yet been threshed, but I shall send a 
 
New Yorlc Hlstorwal Records. 191 
 
 party of it l)_y the first opportunity. I comuieud your Honor to the protection of the Ahnighty. 
 In haste 
 
 Your Honorable "Worships' most 
 E-iopm, 1600 obedient servant 
 
 the IS"" X"". Cheistian Nyssen. 
 
 Council Minutes. Indian Conference at Foet Okange. 
 
 Proposals made by the chiefs of the . 
 presence of both tiie Courts, this 22'' day of 
 January A° 1661, at Fm-t Orange. 
 
 They say first, that they have travelled over the whole country and have also been in the Sin- 
 nekus country and they intend at present to go to the Suutkriver, to bring presents there and in 
 passing here, they give us notice of their passage and of their intention to go through the Esoj>ii8, 
 because the Fsqpus savages had said, that when the Maquas would go to the Southriver and would 
 pass there, they would kill them : they mean to show hereby, that they do not fear the Eaojnis 
 savages and present two fathoms of wampum. 
 
 Second. They will not call upon the Empus savages in passing there, because the latter have 
 said, the Maquas were the cause, why they had lost so many men in the war against the Dutch. 
 They present a belt of wampum. 
 
 They say finally, that the chain, by which they and the Dutch are held together in brotherly 
 friendship, shall not be broken by them and they thank the Hon"'" General for the cloth, which he 
 gave them, when he was here. They say, that they came too late into the country, their people 
 were already out on their expedition and like madmen did not want to return. Hereupon they 
 present a belt of wampum. 
 
 The members of both the Courts thank the Maqxias for the continuation of their good feel- 
 ' ings and for having called in passing ; they present them with 5 pounds of powder, 5 staves of 
 lead, a dozen of knives, some awls and a roll of tobacco. 
 
 Letter from the Magistrates of Fort Orange to Director Stctvesant; 
 
 PEACE negotiations AJtONG THE InDIANS. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant and Worshipful Gentlemen. 
 
 The report brought by several savages of the Highland and Northern tribes c-onceming the 
 mortality at and around the Manhatans has created such a fear here, that we could get the bearer 
 hereof only with difficulty, to send him down according to the yearly custom. He comes therefore 
 so late. 
 
 The chiefs of the Maquas put in an appearance here on the 22'' inst. and made some proposals 
 in presence of both the courts, of which a copy is sent herewith. Your Honors will sec by it, 
 what must be done to mediate between them and the Northern savages, to bring about an armis- 
 tice or peace. We have tried to induce them to make one or the other, but their answer was, that 
 their children cried, because they had not revenged such treachery. 
 
192 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 The aforesaid Maquas go South with considerable presents, to make peace between the Min- 
 quas and the Sinnekus, pursuant to the wishes of the Hon"'^ General. 
 
 No change in the affairs here has taken place, which it is worth while to report. The savages 
 keep quiet on all sides, but the Esopus savages are in danger of being attacked by the Maquas, if 
 they do not keep their tongues in check. That would do us no harm. We close herewith and 
 commend your Honors to the protection of the Almighty, while we remain 
 
 Your Honorable Worships' 
 Fort Orange, humble servants 
 
 29"' January, A" 1661. La Montagne 
 
 Andkies Heebeets 
 EuTGEB Jacobs 
 Feanz Baeentz Pastoor 
 Ehveet Jansen Wendel 
 
 Indian Deed for an Island in the Esopus. 
 
 (Fort Orange Records. Vol. Notarial Papers, 1660-1676.) 
 
 This 25"" of January 1661 Volckert Jam,sen and Jan Thomasen acknowledged and declared 
 to have made an agreement with the Indians called Syme, Capachik and Nachonan, acting for 
 themselves and for their blood relations and co-proprietors, in regard to the sale of one half or of 
 as much as they still have a right and title too in an island lying Eastwards in the Kil by afore- 
 aid Volckert Jansen'' s and Jan ThomaserHs bouwery, including the little island near by, called by 
 the Indians Nanoseck and by the Dutch Little Cupper's Island, etc. etc. 
 
 DEPOSniON IN BEGAKD TO THE DiVISION OF LaND AT THE EsOPUS IN 1654. 
 
 This 2'' of FeV 1661, appeared before me Dirck van Schdluyne Notaiy Public etc. Jam, 
 Verheeck and Francis Pietersen carpenter, who at the request of Evert Pels declared it true and 
 well known, that they had both been present, when in the spring of 1654 Evert Pels and the late 
 Jacoh Jansen Stall divided the land, bought by them together from the Indians at the Esopus and 
 as by the survey it was found that Jacoh Jansen Stoll had received 7 or 8 morgens more than said 
 Pels, Jacob Jansen said he would request the Director-General Stuyvesant and try to obtain in 
 place of it as much land more from the Indians for said Pels, where it was most convenient for 
 his lot. Thus done etc. 
 
 G. SwARTT Jan Veebeeck 
 
 Jan Diecksen van Bremen Feans Pieteesen 
 
 D V. ScHELLtrvNE, Notary Public, 1661. 
 
Neio Yorh lUdorical Records. 193 
 
 Indian deed fok an isl.vnd in Hudson's kivee, opposite Eetiileiiem, called 
 LoN(; oi: Mahicander's Island. 
 Copy- 
 Before me, Johannes La Montayne, ajipointcd by the lion'''" Director-rJeneral and Council 
 of New-Netherland as Vice-Director and Commissary of Fort Orange and the village of Becer- 
 wyck, three savages and a sqnaw appeared, to wit : Machsapeen alias Macmch Niemanau, Sanse- 
 wanou, Pamenseen and the squaw Nipapoa^ who are together owners of the island called Pacho- 
 nahellich, and declared in presence of Aepjcn and Nitamorit, both Sachems of the Mahica/nders, 
 that they have sold, ceded and conveyed, as they herewith sell, cede and convey as real and actual 
 property to and in behalf of Andries IlerherUen and Riityer Jacohsen^ inhabitants of the village of 
 Beuerwyck, the aforesaid island PacJionaJiellick, situate in this river opposite BethUhem and called 
 Lcyng or Mahicander'' s Island by the Dutch, together with all the rights and privileges, which they 
 possess, in consideration for a certain sum paid to them in goods, which they, the sellers, acknowl- 
 edge to have received to their satisfaction. This done in the village of Beverwyck in presence of 
 Gerrit Bancker and Johannes Prouvosf, called as witnesses, this S"" day of February A" 1661. 
 
 It was signed : This </h/\y^-^^ is the mark of Macsach Niemanoi:, this • _ is the mark 
 
 of Sansewanod, this is the mark 'J/t^-vl- '^^ Pamenseen, this the mark j I of Xipapoa, this -(- of 
 Aepjen, this P. of NiTAMOKiT, Gekkit Bancker, Johannes Pkovoost. 
 
 Agrees with the original. 
 A Patent for the 1 To my knowledge 
 
 above was issued )- La Montagne, Commissary 
 
 on the 10'" March 1C61. J at Fort Oratige. 
 
 Nota: For the above island the following was paid. 
 
 6 rugs 2 guns 10 pounds of 
 
 10 coats of duffel 12 lbs of powder tobacco, 
 
 a 30 pounds kettle 30 lbs lead 
 
 60 strings of wampum 3 dozen knives 
 
 10 hatchets 12 cans of brandy 
 
 8 adzes 1 half barrel of beer. 
 
 Letter from John Stickland to , requesting him to ascertain, 
 
 whether the place called Achtee Cull be open to settlement, etc. 
 
 Worthy Sir : After my due respects p'sented vnto you these few lines are to request a keind- 
 ness of you, taking you to be my spetial frend and know no other like yourself to intrust in such 
 a case as this : that you woulde be pleased to take the first and moste sutable oppertunity to speake 
 with the honered gouernor deziring him to resolue in these parteculara first, whither or no that 
 place vpon the mayne land, which is calle<l Arther Cullhee free from any ingagemcnts : secondly 
 if free, then whither or no he will be plesed to grant it to a comjiany of honest men that may de- 
 ziere to sit doune ther to make a plantasion vnder liis gouernment and that j-ou would be pleased 
 hauing so done to return an answer by the first, which we shall waight for, and hauing incorage- 
 25 
 
lOi Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 meiit we shall forthwith adres ourselues to treate further with him aboute the matter thus not 
 doubting of your faithf ullues herin I take leaue and rest yours to comande John Sticklin : From 
 Huntington February 15"^ 1660; (old style) 
 
 Lett me intreate you to send the answer to Samuevell Mathies at Rusdorpe, that it maye be 
 conveied to me in safety : and that you woulde be pleased that it may be kept secrit houever itgoe. 
 (In another handwriting) . S' if you can w"' Convenience I would intreate you to send me an answer by 
 y" bearer of this, all convenient speede being requisite. 
 
 CONTEACT BETWEEN ThOMAS CHAMBERS AND OTHEK INHABITANTS OF EsOPUS AND 
 
 Rev. Herman us Bloem. 
 
 Tlie nndersigned inhabitants of the settlement at the place, called Esopus, promise to give our 
 reverend minister llermanus Bloem as salary for the first year (which salary has commenced with 
 his arrival here on the 5'" of September 1660) the sum of seven hundred guilders in corn, at 
 beaver valuation, in case his farm should fail and we promise further to put the farm in good 
 order according to contract, as soon as the land has been allotted and to raise that sum at the latest 
 for the coming farming season. This we. the undersigned, promise faithfully and truly to do. 
 Thus done, the 4'" of March 1661. 
 
 Thomas Chambers. 
 
 Cornelis Barentsen Slecht. 
 The mark j^t^ of Gertrdy Andries. 
 
 IIOELOFF SwARTWOUT. 
 
 Alaerdt Heymensen Eoose. 
 The mark ^ of Juriaen "Westvael. 
 
 Ordinance of the Director and Council of Renselaerswyck forbidding the 
 
 TRADING with InDIANS IN THE WOODS. PaSSED 25"" MaRCH 1661 AND APPROVED 
 
 25'" April 1661. 
 
 (See Laws of New-Netherland, p. 394.) 
 
 Extract from a letter of Director Stuyvesant to the Vice-Director at Cu- 
 racao, RECALLING THE EsOPUS InDIANS, SENT THERE ON A FORMER OCCASION. 
 
 16'" April 1661. 
 * * * * * * 
 
 As the Esopus savages have kept quiet and behaved well since the peace lately made, they sug- 
 gest, that we would still more oblige them and show our good will and favor, if we would release 
 now and then one of their transported friends. Your Honor will therefore please to send two of 
 them, of the better sort, hither by this or the first opportunity hereafter and with proper treatment 
 give them hope, that if they behave well the others too shall be released and sent back in due time. 
 
New Yorh Historical liuvrds. 19,1 
 
 Letieu from John Stickland to (Beian Newton) asking whether the colntky 
 ON THE Achtek Cull is open for settlement. 
 
 Wortliy Sir. After my due respects p'seiited vnto you these few lines ar to intreate a c-ourte.^i 
 of yon, tliat you woulde be piesed to speake with the honered goueruor and lorde Stevenson, to 
 know of Lini, if that place which is called Arthor Coll be free to be disposed of and whither or no 
 he will giue iricoragement to a Company of the inglish nasion there to settle themselues, if vpon a 
 vew made they shall take satisfaction and when you know his minde herin, that you would be 
 pleased to return me a few words in answer by this bearer SameveU Matthews and accordingly my 
 self with sum other frends, who haue an I that waye will address ourselues : I shall trubble you 
 no fudder at p'sent, but to intreate to pardon my bowldnes and so rest your loving freiid to comand 
 John Stikland from huntlngton April 29 : 1661 : 
 
 The foregoing request, made to Captain-Lieutenant Brian Nuton, was handed in and com- 
 municated by him to his Honor, the Director-General, who produced the same to the Council. 
 After due consideration it was resolved, to reply to the said Captain-Lieutenant, that he might in- 
 form the petitioners, that they could safely come to view the piece of land in question and if it 
 suited them, further orders would be given on their request and propositions. 2^ June 1G61. 
 
 Allotment and nisTKiBrTioN ok lots in the Esopus. 
 
 Wliereas his Ilonor, the Director-General, has been informed by several letters, that different 
 persons had come to the Esopus to build there and are now only waiting to have proper places 
 assigned, therefore his Honor and retinue proceeded thither in the galiot New-Amstel on tlie 26"' 
 of April and returned on the 5"' of May, after having enlarged the settlement and allotted and 
 distributed parcels of land to different parties under the following conditions: 
 
 The lots were distributed by lot under the condition, that every one enclose its breadth on 
 the outside with good, stout and suitable pallisades. As the cross lots have a length of 14 rods on 
 the outside, which is too much to bear for one person, whose parcel might by lot fall on the border 
 of the garden, therefore the said 14 rods shall be enclosed by the owners of the four cross lots 
 together, each marking 3i i-ods. 
 
 Subject to the foregoing condition the following persons drew lots : 
 Kept open No. 1 Willem Jansen 8 
 
 llendrick Martensen 2 Pieter van Haelen 9 
 
 Ilarmen Ilendrick 3 Matthys Roeleffs 10 
 
 Jan Jansen from Amesfoort 4 Jan Willeinse 11 
 
 Jaeoh Barentsen 5 Anthony Crevpel 12 
 
 Jan Lootman 6 Gerrit Jansen van Campen 13 
 
 Jacob Joosten 1 
 
 After the enlargement of the settlement had been completed, his Honor gave the following 
 notice, which was then published and affixed, to the inhabitants of the Esopus and those who 
 claim any land there. 
 
 Notice. 
 
 All Lihabitants of the settlement on the Esopus now called Wiltiryck and all others, who 
 have or claim to have land in that vicinitv are hereby commanded and directed, to have their cul- 
 
196 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 tivated and unCTiltivated land surveyed by tlie sworn surveyor within the time of six months, also 
 to have it marked and divided by proper signs and to ask and receive upon showing a eertiticate 
 of survey, signed by the surveyor, a proper deed and proof of ownership under penalty of confis- 
 cation, so that the rest of the land, which might not be covered by the deeds after the survey, may 
 be distributed by Director-General and Council of New-Netherland for tlie accommodation of 
 others, as it is proper ; let every body be warned against loss and subsequent complaint. Donft in 
 the village of Wiltwych, this S** May 1661. 
 
 Appointment of magistrates foe Wiltwyck and their oath; a house for the 
 
 MINISTER ordered TO BE BUILT. 
 
 Whereas the settlement in the Esopus increases daily, it has been considered necessary to 
 establish there a small bench of justice, as Commissaries of which his Honor, the General, has 
 chosen Evert Pels, Cornells Barentsen, Slecht and Albert Ileymanse Jioose, who took the follow- 
 ing oath as Commissaries : 
 
 We promise and swear in the presence of the Almighty and Everpresent God, that we will be 
 true and faithful to the Director-General and Council, now in office or hereafter to be appointed, 
 under the authority of Their High: Might: the Lords States-General, and the Lords-Directors of 
 the Incorporated West-India Company, Department of Amsterdam, as our Masters and Patrooiis, 
 that we will hold them and their orders in great respect and obey thein, that we will administer 
 good law and justice to the best of our knowledge, prevent all mutiny, strife and disorder and 
 assist in preventing them by all our power, that we will maintain and exercise the Reformed 
 church service and no other, obey the instructions received or hereafter to be received and finally 
 do everything, Avhich good and faithful magistrates are bound to do. So help us God Almighty ! 
 
 After the preceding had been accomplished, his Honor, the General, gave also some orders 
 concerning the erection of the preacher's house, which done his Honor left speedily, as he had 
 received information of the arrival of t^vo ships from Fatherland and returned to this place, as 
 before mentioned, on the 5"' of May. 
 
 Instruction for the Court of Justice in Wiltwyck. 
 
 Petrus Stuyvescmt, in behalf of the High and Mighty Lords, the States-General of the United 
 Netherlands, and the Lords-Directors of the Privileged West-India Company, Director-General of 
 New-Netherland, Curacao, Aruha, and Bonayro and dependencies, together with the High Coun- 
 cil, To all who shall see, or hear this read, Greeting. Be it known, that their Honors, hoping and 
 wishing nothing else but the prosperity and welfare of their good inhabitants generally, and par- 
 ticularly that of the residents in the village of Wiltwyck, situated in the Esopus/ and desiring 
 that this may be effected and preserved with more love, peace and harmony, and to show to each 
 inhabitant of the aforesaid village, and prove by deed its effects ; so is it, that the aforesaid Director- 
 General and Council, considering the increased population of said village, resolve to favor its inhab- 
 itants with a subaltern court of justice, and to organize it as far as possible, and the situation of 
 the country will permit, in conformity with the customs of the city of Amsterdam in Holland, 
 but so, that from all judgments an appeal may be made to the Dii-ector-General and Council in 
 New-Netherland, who shall reserve the power to give their final decision. 
 
Here 
 
 Neio YovTc Historical liecords. 197 
 
 It is, therefore, necessary, so that everything may be effected with due order and respect, that 
 be chosen as judges, honest, intelligent persons possessing real estate, peaceable men, good 
 subjects to their Lords and Patroons, and the high administration appointed by them in this coun- 
 try, professors of the Reformed religion, as it is now preached in the United Netherlandish churches, 
 in conformity to the word of God, and the orders of the synod of Dordrecht ; which court of jus- 
 tice for tlie present time, till otherwise shall be ordained by the aforesaid Lords- Patroons in their 
 authorized administration, shall consist of a Sheriff, being in loco, who shall summon in the name 
 of the Director-General and Council, the appointed Schejjens, and preside at their meeting ; and 
 with him three Schepens, who for tlie present time and ensuing year, beginning with the last of 
 May next, are elected by the Director-General and Council aforesaid, and confirmed after tiiey 
 shall have taken their oath, Evert Pels, Cornells Barentseii Sleght, and Elbert Heymam Room. 
 Befoi-e whom all cases relative to the police, security and peace of the inhabitants of Esojnts, so 
 too all suits between man and man, shall be brought, heard, examined and determined by defini- 
 tive judgment, to the amount of fifty guilders and below it, without appeal. But on higher sums 
 it shall be left to the discretion of the aggrieved to appeal to the Director-General and Council 
 aforesaid, provided that he enters the appeal in due time, and procures bail for the prosecution and 
 expenses of the law-suit, according to law. 
 
 If there be a disparity of votes and opinions on any occurrent affairs, then the minority shall 
 coincide with the majority without contradiction. But it is permitted to those who adopt anotlier 
 opinion or advice, to have their sentiments and advice registered on the roll or protocol. But they 
 shall by no means publish out of court their advice, or communicate the same to the parties, under 
 arbitrary correction, at the discretion of the bench. 
 
 The Sheriff shall, in conformity to the first article, preside at the meeting, collect the votes, 
 and act as secretary till further orders, or until the population is inci-eased. But, whenever he 
 shall either act for himself, or in behalf of the rights of the Lords-Patroons, or in behalf of justice 
 in the place of the Attorney-General, in all such cases he shall leave his seat, and ahsent himself 
 from the bench, and in such cases he shall not have an advisory, much less a casting vote. In all 
 such cases, one of the oldest Schepens shall preside in his place. 
 
 "Wliat in the aforesaid ai-ticle is decreed with regard to the Sheriff' shall take place, in a similar 
 manner, with respect to the Schepens, whenever, in tlie aforesaid court, any cases or questions 
 might occur between them as parties or others, nearly allied in blood to the appointed Schepens, 
 as when a brother, a brother-in-law, or a cousin is concerned, viz. : in the first and right line. 
 
 All inhabitants of the Esnjnis are, till further orders, either from the Lords-Patroons, or their 
 higher magistrates, subjected and may be summoned before the aforesaid Sheriff and Commissa- 
 ries, who shall hold their court, in the village aforesaid, every fortnight — harvest time excepted 
 — unless necessity or occasion might otlierwise require. 
 
 To procure the good inhabitants of Wiltwyck a civil and easy administration of justice, the 
 Sheriff as President, and the Schepens of this court, shall, for the better conveniency of parties, 
 appear at the appointed day and place, on the fine of twenty stivers, to be disposed of by the col- 
 lege, when they shall have been informed by the court messenger, qualified for that purpose by 
 the Director-General and Council, at least twenty-four hours, of the sessions of the court, and 
 double this sum for the President, except by sickness or absence. If they arrive too late, or alter 
 the stated hour, the penalty shall be six stivers. 
 
 No extraordinary sessions shall, at the expenses and burdens of the parties, be called, except 
 at the request of both parties, with submission to the costs, in case of the loss of the suit ; which 
 costs shall previously be secured by the solicitant or plaintiff, viz. : for each Schopeu, fifteen stivers; 
 
198 Colonial Settlements on the Hiidnon River. 
 
 for the President, three guilders; besides a provision for the clerk, yet to be appointed, the court 
 messenger, and other necessary costs, agreeably to law. 
 
 All criminal cases shall be directly referred to the Director-General and Council in Nexo-Neth- 
 erland, provided that the court remains obliged to apprehend, arrest, detain and imprison the 
 delinquents till they have a proper opportunity to transport them with safety before the supreme 
 iiiao-istrate of the land, while in the meantime, they are holden to take good and correct informa- 
 tions with regard to the committed crime, at the expense of the criminal, or in behalf of the Attor- 
 ney-General, and transmit these together with the delinquent. 
 
 Lesser crimes, as quarrels, injuries, scolding, kicking, beating, threatenings, simply drawing a 
 knife or sword, without assault or bloodshed, are left to the judicature and decision of the aforesaid 
 court, in which cases the Sheriff may act as plaintiff before said court, with reservation of the 
 clause of appeal, if the condemned feel himself aggrieved by the decision of said court. 
 
 All criminals and delinquents guilty of wounding, bloodshed, fornication, adultery, public and 
 notorious thefts, robberies, smuggling or contraband, blasphemy, violating God's holy name and 
 religion, injuring and slandering the Supreme Magistrates, or their representatives, shall, with the 
 informations, affidavits and witnesses, be referred to the Director-General and Council of New- 
 Netlierland. 
 
 Should the situation of affiiirs be such that the President and Schepens deem it advisable for 
 the security and peace of the inhabitants, during the absence of the Director-General and Council, 
 for the greater advantage and peace of the village and court aforesaid, to issue in said district any 
 orders, respecting public roads, enclosure of lands, gardens or orchards, and further, what might 
 concern the country and agriculture ; so, too, relative to the building of churches, scliools, and 
 other similar public works ; as well as the means from which, and in what manner, these shall be 
 regulated, they are authorized to bring their considerations on such subjects in writing, support 
 these by argument, and deliver them to the Director-General and Council, to be, if deemed useful 
 and necessary, confirmed, approved and commanded by the Director-General and Council. 
 
 The aforesaid Sheriff and Schepens shall further take care, and are obliged to see the laws of 
 our Fatherland, and the ordinances and placards of the Director-General and Council, already pub- 
 lished, or which may be published, in future, carefully executed and kept in strict observance, and 
 not to permit that, under any pretext, anything shall be done contrary thereto, but that the trans- 
 gressor shall be prosecuted according to law. 
 
 The aforesaid Sheriff and court are not permitted to enact any ordinances, placards or similar 
 acts, or publish and affix these, except by previous consent of the Director-General and Council. 
 
 The Sheriff and Schepens shall further take care and be holden, to assist the Noble Lords- 
 Directors, as Lords and Patroons of this New-Netherland province, under the sovereignty of the 
 High and Mighty Lords the States-General of the United Provinces, and to aid to maintain them 
 in their high jiu-isdiction, rights, domains, and all their other pre-eminences. 
 
 Whereas, it is customary in our Fatherland and other well regulated governments, that annu- 
 ally some change takes place in the magistracy, so that some new ones are appointed, and some are 
 continued to inform the newly appointed, so shall the Schepens, now confirmed, pay due attention 
 to the conversation, conduct and abilities of honest and decent persons, inhabitants of their i-espect- 
 ive village, to inform the Director-General and Council, about the time of the next election, as to 
 who might be sufliciently qualified to be then elected by the Director-General and Council. Done, 
 and given by the Director-General and Council, at their meeting in Fort Amsterdam^ in New- 
 Netherland, this IG"' day of May, 1661. 
 
New York Ilidorkul jRecords. 199 
 
 Petition of Koeloff Swaktwout to be appointed Sheriff of Wiltwyck. 
 
 To the "Worshipful, Valiant and Rigorous, the 
 Eight Honorable Director-General and High 
 Council of New-Netherland. 
 
 I, lioehff Swartwout, request very respectfully their Noble Honors, the Worshipful Director- 
 General and High Council of New-Netherland, while I submit myself as a subject to your Honors' 
 wise government, that whereas the Hon'"'= Director-General luis been pleased to favor and provide 
 us hert in Wiltwyck with a lower Court of Justice for the safety of tlie pious inhabitants and pun- 
 ishment of evil-doers, so that we may now live in freedom and peace, your Hon"'" AYorships of 
 the High Council, not excepting the Right Honorable Director-General, or all your Hon'''* Wor- 
 ships together will please to consider me worthy to serve here in the capacity of Sellout and I 
 produce herewith the recommendation from the Lords-Directors of the Incorporated West-India 
 Company, my Lords and Masters, submitting obediently to your Hon''''' Worships' order and asking 
 herewith for a short marginal decision. 
 
 Thus by me, your Hon'''" Worships' humble and obedient servant 
 Actum Wiltwyck, Roeloff Swartwout. 
 
 the IG"- May, Anno 1661. In haste 
 
 To the Valiant, Wise, Very Learned Governor-General and the High Council of JSfeio-Neth- 
 erland, at Mew-Arasterdani. 
 
 CoManssiON of Roeloff Swartwout as Sheriff of Wiltwyck. 
 23 May. 
 
 The foregoing letter of Roeloff Swartvjout was opened and read in Council, in which he sub- 
 stantially requests to be appointed and installed as Schout for the Esopus. Although Director- 
 General and Council do not deem the said Swartwout a fit person for that office for several reasons, 
 yet taking up again the order and directions of the Noble Lords-Directors, dated the . . . , 
 they have appointed and installed the same as provisional Schout on the H^Aajjuti and have given 
 him the following commission: 
 
 The Director-General and Council of Ncw-Netherland to All, who shall see this or hear it 
 read Greeting. Know ye, that in conformity with directions of the Noble Lords-Directors of the 
 Incorporated West-India Company, Department of AmsterdaTn, we have appointed and installed, 
 as we herewith appoint and instal Roeloff Swartwout as provisional Schout in the village oiWilt- 
 vujck on the Esopus, to serve there in the capacity of Schout in accordance with this Commission 
 and the Instructions, already given to him or hereafter to be given, as a good and faithful Schout 
 is bound to do. We therefore command and charge all and everybody, to acknowledge the said 
 Roeloff Swart'wout as such and to afford and give him any help and assistance, when called upon, 
 in the performance of his duties. Date as above. 
 
200 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Council Mlnute. Coknelis Melyn's refusal to sueeendek the soil of Staten- 
 
 ISLAND to the WeST-InDIA GoMPANT. 
 
 Cornelis Melyn. was summoned and appeared before the Council. JLe was asked, upon taking 
 up the contract made between the Lords-Directors and the said Melyn regarding Staten- Island on 
 the 13"' June 1659, whether he had in his care any records or documents concerning said island 
 and whether he was willing to deliver the same to the Director-General and Council, agreeable to 
 the said contract and further to transfer the said island for the behalf of the Incorporated West- 
 India Company, Department of Amsterdam, except the land, houses and lots, which he has now 
 or may enter upon hereafter, on the aforesaid island, pursuant to said contract. 
 
 The said Cornells Melyn answers substantially, that he is willing to deliver the said records 
 and documents in his care to the Director-General and Council and does so directly, by handing 
 over the papers specified below and declaring, that he has no others concerning the aforesaid island, 
 lie says in regard to transferring and conveying tlie said island to the Hon""^ Incorporated West- 
 India Company, excepted the land, houses and lots, which he has there etc^, that it has never been 
 intended by him, but only that he should give up, surrender, convey, cede and transfer all com- 
 mand, authority, jurisdiction, pre-eminence, prerogatives etc*, which belonged to him in his capacity 
 as Patroon of the said island : he requests however, that a new deed of ownership for the said 
 island may be issued to him, as he has surrendered the deed given him for it by Mr. Kieft. 
 
 It was replied, that, if it had been the intention to leave him in possession of the whole island, 
 it would seem not to have been necessary, to make the condition, that he should have and keep for 
 himself and his heirs as free allodial property the lands, houses and lots, which he has on the 
 aforesaid island and has used and cultivated heretofore or which he may want to enter upon etc* ; 
 further, if the whole island belonged to him, what had the Lords-Directors bought then from the 
 heirs of Baron van der Capellen, who have now re-transferred their share to tlie Hon'"'= Company. 
 
 Cornells Melyn acknowledged then, that he had made over one third of the said island to 
 Baron van der Capelle, but that he had still great claims on the island, as far as tlie other two 
 thirds were concerned he did not intend to resign his title to them, but it looked as if the Hon"'* 
 Lords-Directors had understood it so. 
 
 The aforesaid Cornells Melyn was then informed that ho was chai-ged for his own passage 
 and that of the servants, whom he had brought over, like all others, who come over at the expense 
 of the Company, as it says in the abovementioned contract, that he and his family shall be brought 
 over at the expense of the Company according to present custom, which means that the advanced 
 fare shall be refunded here in due time. Melyn contended, that he and the Lords-Directors also 
 had understood it to mean, that he and his people were to be brought over free this time, without 
 refunding the advanced fare, and that, as he was granted exemption from duties on goods valued 
 at 1000 guilders and has not brought so much from Holland, he may deduct the remainder here 
 in paying the duties. 
 
 It was resolved after divers discussions pro et contra, to send a copy hereof to the Noble 
 Lords-Directors and not to proceed any further in this matter, until a better explanation of the 
 aforesaid contract has been received from the Lords-Directors. Date as above. (23'' of May 1661.) 
 
 The papers, which Cornells Melyn surrendered as concerning Staten- Island, were : 
 
 A petition of Cornells Melyn to the Noble Lords-Directors and their reply to it, by which 
 he receives consent to establish a Colony on Staten-Island and is acknowledged as its Patroon, 
 dated 3" July 1640. 
 
 Another petition of the said Melyn to the Lords-Directors, of the 18"" February 1641, sub- 
 
Neio York llistorieal Jiecords. 201 
 
 niittcd after his release, having been taken a prisoner by the Dunkirl-ers, in wliiuh he requests 
 permission, to go to New-Netheiiand with his wife, children, servants and some animals in the 
 Company's ships. 
 
 Two extracts from the Resolutions of the Lords Directors, dated IS"" and 25"' February 1<!41, 
 M-hich renew the consent formerly given. 
 
 A title deed, which is the conveyance of Staten-Island to Cornells Melyn, issued in pursuance 
 of the aforesaid consent and signed by the IIou"'* General Willem Eieft, dated 19"' June 1042. 
 
 Letter from Koeloff Swartwout, Sheriff, in the name of the Magistrates of 
 wlltwyck, in which he acknowledges the receipt of instructions etc. and re- 
 quests copies of ordinances etc 
 
 To the Honoral)le and Valiant Director-General. 
 
 We of the Court have received on the O"" of June your Honor's letter, inclosing our instruc- 
 tions and orders; the Schout has also shown ns the document, which your Honor has sent to him 
 and henceforth we consider him our Schout and othcer, as directed by your Honor and the Hiifh 
 Court or as will be directed. 
 
 This village is at present in a good condition, only when Claes Je Ruyter came here, we do 
 not know on what errand, on the 13"' of this month of June about nightfall, about 120 savages 
 came into the village and as tricks were played on them by firing oif the guns of the dischai-ged 
 soldiers some of them were found to be unfit for defense, we deemed it necessary immediately to 
 put some burghers on guard for the night for our security ; else we hear notliing, but that every- 
 thing is well with the Indians. 
 
 We fiu'ther learn, that your Honor has forbidden us in tiie instructions, to make in our capac- 
 ity as Commissaries any ordinances, placards or orders, we tiierefore rctpiest, that your Honor 
 will please to send us by first opportunity some placards, especially concerning drunkenness and 
 others, which your Honor will please to send for the public welfare. Lastly my salutations and 
 be everybody commended to God's mercy. 
 
 Actum, 14"' June In the name of the Commissaries 
 
 at Wiltwi/ck, A° 1661. by me, your Honor's obedient servant 
 
 To his Valiant Honor. Roeloff Swarfsvout. 
 
 Director-General 
 Pieter Stuyvesant 
 
 at Fort Amsterdam. 
 
 MuSTER-RoLL OF THE GARRISON AT WlLTWVCK. 
 
 List of the garrison on the Esopus, now called Wiltwyck, the 15"" June 1661. 
 
 Christian Niessen, at present Commander 
 Jan Pierssen, Corporal 
 Jonas Pantzou, Corporal 
 Hendrick from Utrecht 
 26 
 
202 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson liiver. 
 
 Hendrick the Rider 
 
 Hendrich Cornelissen 
 
 Hendrick Martensen 
 
 Andries Noorman 
 
 Grrrlt Ahlhj, Cadet 
 
 Coiii'iirf 11,11/111, private soldier, desires his discharge. 
 
 Paulas Thoiaassen 
 
 Gerrit van Campen 
 
 Cornelis Hinssendorp These have been discharged : 
 
 Frederick Claessen Marten Harmsen, Cadet 
 
 Jaeoh Melone Jan the Brabanter, Cadet 
 
 Christ inn Andriesen 3fnrfrn Warney's, Cadet 
 
 J'i, /./■ ./,lllssr)i. 'Jim, nils 'llnnnassen. Cadet 
 
 A(lrii« II Voriuer J, 1 1 is: Jinfti n^ Lance-pesade 
 
 Jan Ilamelton Pieler van Ualen, Cadet 
 
 Joannw Lehlein Andries Barentz, private soldier 
 
 Jan W. s/ii n i/scn Jan Brorrs.n 
 
 A rrin.n I •,.', A, rt Mnl, iri V, rhruijge 
 
 Jan, GcrriiisLii J'aalua I'aulsen 
 
 Jacob Burhannsen These ask for their discharge : 
 
 Jan Lootman Joris Metzer, Scotchman (?) 
 
 Andries Bovatz desires to remain in the service, while Wilin Croeger^ Scotchman (?) 
 Hendrick Cornelissen desires to be discharged in his stead. they are both here 
 
 Eepoet made by Claes Jansen de Rutter of the result of nis visit to the Esopds Indians. 
 
 Claes Jansen Ruyter, wiio had been sent out to the Esopus to ascertain, how the Esopiis 
 savages behaved, reports, that they will not allow him to come to their village, but that some came 
 to meet him, who among other speeches said, that they had forgotten, what had passed during the 
 war, but they wanted their captured friends back, to see whether the heart of the Dutch was good 
 and they requested, that the savages, who had been recalled from Curacao, might be delivered at 
 their arrival to Oratam. Done at Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherland. 10"* June 1(301, 
 
 Letter from Aeent van Cueler to Director Stutvesai^, eequesttng Am-HORrrY 
 to purchase and settle a great flat back of Fort Orange (Schenectady). 
 
 Very Worsliipful Sir. 
 When I was last at the Manhatans, I spoke to your Honor about some friends, who are very 
 anxious to acquire and cultivate with your Honor's approbation and knowledge the Great Flat, 
 which your Honor knows ; there are already 6 or 8 families inclined to it. Your Honor consented 
 then and promised me a docnment from your Honor, which was to assist in the purchase of these 
 lands, but nothing came of it on account of the daily occupation of your Honor, so that your Honor 
 
Neiv York Historical Records. 2 On 
 
 promised to send it to me. As I fear, that the daily business of yonr Honor's administration may 
 have driven it out of your Honor's memorj^ and as the way is opened now and the savages are 
 (juite willing to give it up for a small price, especially on account of the poor trade, whicli turns 
 o\it very bad, therefore the parties desiring to acquire it have resolved to send the bearer hereof, 
 I'hUipp Hendricksen, Brouxoer, as express messenger, to remind your Hon''" Worship of it, for 
 it is high time (if your Ilon''"^ Worship should please to give consent), that they provide them- 
 selves in due time with hay and food for their cattle and also make a road there. Your Honor 
 will please not to be in doubt about the population, as it is done here mostly by the poorer people, 
 and least of all that one piece of bread shall be eaten, before the next is earned. It would there- 
 fore be better to look out in time for getting there in a good manner, for afterwards it may be too 
 late. I do no doubt, as your Hon''"' Worship is also fond of farming, that your Honor will with 
 your Honor's inborn urbanity consent to the fair request of these people. They are quite willing 
 to furnish the money for the purchase of the said lauds out of their own pockets, until it shall be 
 decided otherwise by your Honor. Closing herewith I pray your Honor's decision will please to be 
 favorable to these people in their good intention, as far as possible and conclude by commending 
 your Honor to the grace of God, wishing a happy, long and prosperous administration while 1 
 shall always be and remain. 
 
 Sir, Your Honor's most humble servant 
 
 Hens. Renselaerswyck, 
 
 IS"" June 1661. A. van Curler. 
 
 P. S. If your Honor should need 3 or 1 muds of oats for feed for your Honor's horses, please 
 to give me an order and I shall send your Honor some of my own. 
 
 Your Honor's servant 
 
 A. V. Curler. 
 23'' June. 
 
 Received and read the foregoing letter from S' Arent van Corh^r, dated the IStli inst., con- 
 taining in substance a request made as well for himself as in the name of some others, to have 
 ])ermis8ion for the cultivation of a certain great plain, lying back of Fort Orange inland, and con- 
 sent for the purchase of the same from the lawful owners and the establishing of a settlement 
 there. After due consideration Director-General and Council gave their consent and granted the 
 request, provided that the lands, which the petitioners desire to buy from the lawful owners, be 
 transported and conveyed in usual manner to Director-General and Council aforesaid, as repre- 
 sentatives of their Worships, the Lords-Directors of the Incorporated West-India Company : what- 
 ever the petitioners pay out to the lawful owners for the aforesaid lands, shall be refunded to 
 them in due time or balanced against the tithes. 
 
 Done at the meetiii": held in Fort Amsterdam in Neuo-Netherhmd, the 23'' of June Kidi. 
 
 Letter from Director ano Council to the CoirMissARiEs at Fort Orange in an- 
 swer TO a remonstrance from Beverwyck (Albany) against the seitlement 
 ON THE Great Mohawk flat (Schenectady). 
 
 Honorable, Beloved, Faithful. 
 Your Honors' letter of the 12'" inst. has been duly received by us <m the 24'" : we find therein 
 little worth answering, except what your Honors mention only with one word regarding the dam- 
 
204 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 age, which might be done to Beverwyok, if the settlement on the wellknown Great Plain near the 
 Mohawh country should be undertaken and we are astonished by what follows, that the reasons 
 given to you cannot be repeated and that they must be deferred until the arrival of the Director- 
 General, who as yet is not sure, when he will come. We think, that they can better be given in 
 writing, than by word of mouth ; this was also proposed before now to several persons of your 
 Honors' board, who made oral propositions especially concerning this matter. Your Honors may 
 easily imagine, tiiat written propositions are better discussed and defended than oral ones and 
 your Honors are therefore once more requested to communicate to us in writing by next chance 
 the presupposed damages and grievances, in order that such a change or a continuation may be 
 ordered with so much more equity, as then shall appear to be for the best of the public welfare. 
 
 Honorable, Beloved, Faithful. 
 This serves only as invoice for the accompanying 100 lbs. of powder and the enclosed pla- 
 cards, which your Honors must publish on receipt thereof and affix properly ; the merchants must 
 also be informed, that they have either to come down themselves, or direct somebody, to see the 
 cases and packages opened, which they send away, so that the Company may not be defrauded of 
 the duties any longer. With cordial sahitations we commend your Honors to God's protection 
 and remain, 
 
 Fort Amsterdam Honorable, "Beloved, Faithful, 
 
 in New-Netherland Your Honors' affectionate friends 
 
 the 24"' June 1661. The Director-General and Council of N. JS^. 
 
 Extract from a Letter of Stuyvesant to the Directors in Holland : he 
 
 SUSPECTS THE EsOPUS AND OTHER InDIANS OF EVIL DESIGNS, NOTWITHSTANDING 
 THE PEACE LATELY MADE, DISCUSSES THE MILITIA QUESTION AND COMPARES NeW" 
 EnGLAND INSTITUTIONS WITH THOSE OF NeW-NeTHERLAND ; SwARTWOUT IS AT 
 LAST APPOINTED ShKRIFF OF EsOPUS ; CONDI'HON OF StATEN IslAND ETC. 21" 
 
 July lOOl. 
 
 We have informed your Honors in detail by our last letter of last year, what the result of the 
 war with the Esopus savages had been and under what conditions a peace had been concluded 
 with them. Although the aforesaid Esopus, as well as the Raritan and Nevesinck savages have 
 since that time kept quiet, we are nevertheless not without fears and anxiety, that when they see 
 an opportunity they will take advantage of it to strike a blow and revenge themselves; we are, 
 indeed, almost constantly warned against them by other savages and are made very uneasy and 
 circumspect ; we have nevertheless found ourselves obliged (as well by your Honors' urgent re- 
 commendations and absolute orders, as by our own inability to maintain so many soldiers without 
 a subsidy from Fatherland) to discharge a large number of them, God grant that it may turn out 
 to the best and witliout danger : the proverb says " Ifecessit-y has no law " and " Who obeys 
 orders, does well," therefore we hold ourselves blameless, if in consequence of the dismissal, as 
 ordered by your Honors and necessitated by our situation, some unexpected mishap should befal 
 your Honors' territory and its inhabitants. In the meantime we shall not fail to make all possible 
 efforts to protect the same with the power and means, which God and your Honors have er.trusted 
 to and left us. 
 
Neio Yorh IIif<torical Reconlx. 205 
 
 "Wc might reply much to the motives and reasons, which your Honors quote (to wit, that in 
 time of necessity, soldiers might be enlisted here for a short time, as the Fi'ench and Euglixh 
 nation always have done, who never employed or maintained military in the establishment of their 
 colonies), but will not do it to avoid unpleasant feelings and reproaches, while with your Honors' 
 permission we will state briefly in regard to the first, that the deplorable experiences have shown 
 us as well in the rencontres with the English as with the savages, that no or at least very few 
 soldiers can be enlisted and taken into service here in an emergency. As to the second point, 
 namely, that the French and English Colonies are maintained without military, it is well known, 
 that these nations are exempted from all duties and taxes to foreign masters and that they are 
 their own masters here in this country, they elect here their own chiefs, magistrates and wiiat de- 
 pends thereon, settle their own taxes and are in' consequence subject to being unpressed here as 
 well as in their home countries, a proceeding which is not allowed by the Netherlandish people 
 nor by your Honors' subjects, who .have said regarding this matter and repeatedly say, the Com- 
 pany has engaged itself by the Exemptions to protect us and receives for it the export and import 
 duties and the excise. Aside from this the aforesaid the English and French colonies are continued 
 and populated by their own nation and countrymen and consequently bound together more firmly 
 and united, while your Honors' colonies in Neio-Netherland are only gradually and slowly peopled 
 by the scrapings of all sorts of nationalities (few excepted), who consequently have the least in- 
 terest in the welfare and maintenance of the commonwealth. In short, the English are too much 
 for us and the natives by their nundjers and power. Experience shows, what the French colony 
 in Canada will come to through the absence of military. The French pi-isouers, brought away 
 Iiy the Maqurts savages from under their forts every year, and occasionally ransomed by our 
 [icople, declare unanimously, that if the French receive no assistance by soldiers from France, 
 they will shortly be obliged to leave the country ; the gracious God may grant, that the Macjuas 
 will not begin with us, after they have destroyed and finished with the French. As far as we are 
 concerned, we wish sincerely, that we could govern and maintain your Honors' territories without 
 fear and military. 
 
 The second point which your Honors recommend us concerning the discharge of the soldiers, 
 who have served their time, is to animate them to remain here and to give them for that purj)oso 
 some good and suitable lands. We do not fail to do our duty in one or the other direction by 
 offering them full payment, but on the other side nobody can be kept here against his will and 
 wish or be paid here, the more so as the major part of them reply, " We have not learned any 
 trade nor farming, the sword must earn us our subsistence, if not here, then we must look for our 
 fortune elsewhere ; " hence some discharged soldiers, enlisted in the Fatherland, will come back by 
 this ship. 
 
 Far be it from us, Most Worshipful Gentlemen, to slight your Honors' authority and to 
 disapprove the choice, made by your Honors, of Jiocloff Swartwout for Schout at iha Esojnis ; 
 we have only delayed his installation until a fit opportunity should offer and the arrival of your 
 Honors' further orders, for we mistrusted his capabilities and kept the place vacant so far. In 
 pursuance of your Honors' special request he is now appointed and wc leave the result to his be- 
 havior and suitableness. 
 
 ***** * 
 
 We found in your Honors' last letter and the enclosures belongmg to it the contract made 
 with the heirs of the late Frederick van der Capelle to Ryssel concern i tig his claims on Staten- 
 Island and your Honors' order to deliver in due form to his attorney all buildings, implements, 
 
206 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 cattle etc. Summoned before us the attorney of the late Baron, one Adriaen Post, said and de- 
 clared, that all the houses had been burned during the well-known affair with the savages Anno 
 1655 and that no other property had been left, except a few heads of cattle, which he himself had 
 hunted up after having been released from captivity. Most of these have died and a few have 
 been sold by him for means to maintain his M'ife and children. We shall upon occasion inquire 
 further into the truth and the details and inform your Honors as in duty bound. But we meet 
 liere a new and unexpected claim upon this island made by Cornells Melyn, who pretends, that 
 althougli he has sold to your Honors the title and privileges as Patroon of the island, he has not 
 disposed of the land itself, so that the said Melyn claims, as your Honors will see by the enclosed 
 extract from our mintvtes, to be owner of two-thirds of the land on Staten-Island, besides the 
 claims, which he has on the other third against the heirs. This is the reason, why these suitable 
 lands are not settled and cultivated and they will be settled and cultivated only slowly, as long as 
 the aforesaid Melyn makes claims to be owner of either the whole or part of it. What he says 
 regarding the money advanced by your Honors to him and his farmservants, your Honors will see 
 by the aforesaid extract from our resolutions and we await your Honors' explanation as well for 
 the one as the other. 
 
 The widow of Direh Smith, the late Ensign, who died to our great regret towards the end 
 of last year, comes over by one of these ships. She requested our recommendation and interces- 
 sion with your Honors, that she might receive her late husband's monthly pay there. Consider- 
 ing the good and faithful services of the deceased, especially during the last affair with the savages, 
 we could not refuse to the widow, to request your Honors respectfully to favor her with as quick 
 a dispatch as possible. 
 
 Petition of Peter Billou, Claude le Maitre and others, all recently ar- 
 rived EMIGRANTS, FOR LAND ON StATEN-IsLAND. 
 
 The 22'^ August (1661), Monday. 
 
 Present in Council the Honorable Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant and the Hon''"' mem 
 bers of the Council Nicasius de Sille and Johan de Deckere. 
 
 Before the Council appeared Pieter Billou and Walraven Luisn, who stated for themselves 
 as well as for some other persons, arrived by the last ships, that the locality of Staten-Island suited 
 them well and they requested therefore, that some of the lands on the said Staten-Island might 
 be allotted and given them as property for farm-land, meadow and pastures and that lots for houses 
 and gardens might be laid out at a convenient place. 
 
 The Director-General and Council heard the petition and after taking it in consideration, 
 they resolved to look up a convenient place on Staten-Island and lay it out for a village. Date 
 as above. 
 
 The persons, who asked for lots on Staten-Island, are, besides Pieter Billou and Walrave 
 Luten, ILiriiiiii P> a i ids, Jacob Salomons, Jan Claescii, Johannes Chrlxfofils^ (-iJandele Metre, 
 Andries J' iiiiiiids^ fh ys Barentsen ivoiw Leerdam, Ryck Hendricks, (i> n-U MinuKiat, Myndert 
 Coertcn, Gcrrit ('orndissen. Tennis Cornelissen, Ca.^i. Post, Gooert Loocipitrjniuis, Ja7i Jacobsen 
 from Reenen, Wynant Pieters, Paulus Dirck from Luxembourg. 
 
New Yorh Historical liecords. 207 
 
 Kepoet of the State of Feelino among the Catskil and Esopus Indians. 
 
 (Not signed, but iu thu haudwritiug of Roeloll Swartwout, the Slierill at Esopus.) 
 
 Koble, Very Worshipful, Higli Council, 
 Ilonorable Director-General and Presi- 
 dent of the High Council in the City of 
 New- Amsterdam in New-Neiherland. 
 
 Whereas to day, the 27"^ of August, a letter from the High Council was received by the 
 Sellout and the Commissaries, the matter was taken in hand and to heart, after learning its con- 
 tents, and we are still engaged with it as much as possible. The Ifaquas, who has been to the Cats- 
 kil with Olaes de Ruyter and seems to keep faith with us, has been afterwards requested to go to 
 the Esopus savages and inform himself of it, they pretended not to know anything about it, finally 
 being pushed to get information, the Maquas reported to us, that a Catskil savage, who had for 
 wife an Esopus sqtiaw, travelled with an Esopus boy from the Esopus savages to the CatsJiils ; 
 on the road they came across some horses and the Catskil savage is said to have offered his gun to 
 the Esopus boy and said, " Kill one of the Dutchmen's horses," and when the boy refused, the 
 Catskil savage said, " What are these Dutch dogs to me, I am not afraid to kill one of their horses." 
 
 Commission of Tieleman van Vleeck to be Sheeiff of Beeoen (N. J.) 
 
 The 5'" of September ICGl. 
 
 Petrus Stu,yvesant, in behalf of their High: Might : the Lords States- General of the United 
 Netherlands and the Noble Lords-Directors of the Privileged West India Company Director- 
 General of New-Nethedand, Curacao, AruJia, Bonaijro and dependencies with the Honorable 
 Council Greeting: 
 
 Know ye, Whereas for the promotion of justice in the village of Bergen, situate on the west 
 side of the North River of New-Netherland a suitable person is required, to attend there to the 
 duties of the Schout's office, for which place one Tieleman van Vleeck, Notary public in this city, 
 has been proposed. Therefore we have, confiding in his ability, piety and good parts appointed 
 and commissioned, as we hereby appoint and commission the same to be Schout of the aforesaid 
 village, to hold, have charge of and serve in the said ofiice at the aforesaid place and the district 
 thereof, pursuant to the instructions, which he has already received or may hereafter receive, to 
 bring to justice accordingly all breakers of all political, civil and criminal laws, ordinances and 
 placards, to fine, execute and punish them with the punishments expressed therein, to demand 
 that upon his direction and accusation all criminal matters and abuses shall be corrected and 
 abated and all sentences speedily and without delay be executed and .to do further, what a 
 good and faithful Schout is bound to do in this regard, on the oath taken by him. We charge 
 therefore the Schepens and inhabitants in the district of the aforesaid village to acknowledge the 
 said TielemMn van Vleeck as our officer and Schout, as aforesaid, and to give and cause to be given 
 to him, upon request, all necessary and possible assistance in the discharge of his duties, for we 
 have concluded, that this is necessary for the service of the Hon''''^ Company and the promotion of 
 justice. Thus done at the meeting of the Noble Director-General and Council, held at Fort Am- 
 sterdam, iu New-Netlierlami, the 5"' of September A" 106 L 
 
208" Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Ordinance erecting a Court of Justice in Bekgen, N. J. 
 (Sec Laws of New-Netherland, p. 403.) 
 
 Letiee from Mathew Gilbert to the Directoe-Genekal, ineoeming him that 
 A committee had been appointed on the part of a company in New-Eng- 
 land, WHO desire to settle at Achteb Cull. 
 
 To the much honored Gouerno'' of the New- Netherlands humble salutations. 
 
 Seeing it hath pleased God to order it in his p'uidence, that a companie of Considerable per- 
 sons, that Came into N. E., that they might serue God w"" a pure Conscience and enjoy such 
 liberties and priueledges both Civill and Ecclesiasticall, as might best aduantage vnto, and strengthen 
 them in the end and worke aforesaid, w* also thorough the mercy of God they hauve enjoyed for 
 more then seuentie yeares together and the Lord hauing blessed them w"" posterities so that their 
 numbers are increased and they being desirous to p^uide for their posterities, so as their outward 
 comfortable subsistance and their soulles welfare might in the use of sutable means thorough the 
 blessing of the almightie be attained. In order hereunto they haue appointed some to view some 
 adjacent parts of this Amerrican wildernes, who haue bin Cm-teously & encourageingly enter- 
 tained by y'= Hono", w* the Companie doeth acknowledge w*'' all thankfuUnes — And haue now 
 sent some of our honor'''' trusties and well beloved friends, to wit, M"" Benjamin ffen, M'' Robert 
 Treatt, MJ Lawes & Deacon Gun in the name of the Committee erapowred by the Companie and 
 in y'= behalf of the Companie to treat and Conclude as they shall see cause with your bono' or 
 whom it shall concerne About the tearmes upon w"^*" they may be encouraged to begin to plant and 
 so from time to time as they are able to proceed yearly by some of themselues and by some of 
 their posteritie or their friends that may hereafter desire to joine w"" them for the enlargm' of the 
 Kingdom of Christ Jesus in the Congregationall way and all other meanes of Comfort in subord- 
 ination heervnto. And seeing that this Designe if sutably encouraged may hopefully be more for 
 the glory of God and benefit & welfare of the Dutch nation In Amerrica and the hono' of their 
 principalis in Europe then any yet hath bin by planters vnder their shaddow in these parts. The 
 Companie doeth therfore desire that neither any queries or p'positions made by our hono''' messen- 
 gers betrusted and Instructed might be in the least measure greiuous or offensiue to your hono' or 
 any Intrest w"* you, for we are true men and noe spies, but to p'uide good righteous and honest 
 things for o''selues posterities and friends like minded : As we haue alreadie for many yeares en- 
 joyed and are come by these our messengers to you And therfore in order to p''posalls wee desire 
 that w"'out offense wee may haue as plaine and cleare an answer as may be to these following en- 
 quh-ies and p'positions. 
 
 ffrom Milford Dated the 8"" of Mathew Gilberte in the name of 
 
 November 1661. In New England. the Comittee impouered by the 
 
 Companie. 
 
Kew Yorh Hiatorical Mecords. 209 
 
 Pkopositions agrekd uroN by the Committee in the name & i:kiiai.fk of the 
 
 COMPANIE TO be presented TO THE MITCH H0N0K''° GoCEKNo" OV THE KeW- 
 NeTHEKLANDS by THOSE, WnoSE NAMES AEE SUBSCRIBED. 
 
 1. That if a Churuli or Churches of Enylinh shall be planted in the place p'^pounded they may Le 
 allowed by the Authoritie of the high and mighty Lords & States General of the United P^iinces 
 in the Netherlands in Europe And w"" the app^batiou of the Bewindhebbers of the West India 
 Companie to enjoy all such powers priuiledges and liberties in the Congregationall way as they 
 haue enjoyed them in New-Eiujland aboue twentie yeares paste without any disturbance Impcdim' 
 or Impositions of any other formes, orders or eustomes to be obserued by them : And that therein 
 they be Allowed and Approued churches by some publique testimonie vpon Ilecord. 
 
 2. That if the English Churches planted vnder the Dutch Gowernement shall consent to conso- 
 ciate together for mutuall helpfullnes : They may be allowed by the Authoiity & with the appro- 
 bation aforesaid soe to doe and to call a synod and therein to establish by common consent such 
 orders according to scripture as may be requisite for the suppressing of haeresies, schismes and false 
 worships and for the establishm' of truth w"" peace in those English churches. And that the 
 Gouernor & Courts at Ne\o- Amsterdam shall protect the said English churches and Synnods from 
 any that oppose them or be Injurious to them. 
 
 3. The English planters doe desire that they may haue libertie and power by y' Authority &, 
 w"' y° approbation aforesaid to haue the ordering of all Judicature and of all their civill affaires 
 within themselves, to chuse their owne magistrates and ail other officers and Constitute and keep 
 Courts and make all such lawes and orders as they shall find most sutable to their condition and 
 welfare in that place And that all persons, planters and others, for the time they are amongst them 
 w"'in their p''cincts, shall be bound to acquiesce in all their lawes, orders, sentences and appoint- 
 m'' of any of their owne Court or Courts and officers determinately according to such orders and 
 lawes as are or shall be from time to time agreed vpon & enacted by them and unto their senten- 
 ces made & verdicts declared without appeales to any other Authority or jurisdiction. This power 
 the English in Amerrica within New-England have had and exercised in all causes b}' the graunt 
 of the late King of England, Charles the First, as is to be seen in his Majesties letters pattent 
 aboue twentie years together. And it is much more necessary that they haue it vnder the Duhdi, 
 (whose lawes they know not nor vnderstand their language and the way and manner of their ex- 
 erciseing this their sole power). "\Ve puiqjose according to the fnndamentalls rcceiued in New 
 Ilauen Collonie w"*" are in print to be seen (or the Most of them) so far as wo shall finde it will 
 alike suite Christ's ends and our conditions there. 
 
 4. That all the lands agreed for, be clearly and vndeniably purchassed of the Indians by an 
 Athentik lustrum' or Instrum'' and that wee may haue one of them in our Custody and that the 
 hands of those ludians that haue y" naturall and ciuill right be subscribed and soe owned by them 
 In the p'sence of English Dxich and Indians as lawfully bought and sould and that then these 
 lands shall be made y'' p'p'' Inheritance of the English Planters and their ])Osteritic for euer by 
 the Authoritie-and pow' w"" the approbation aforesaid according to all p'sent and future ordei-s, 
 graunts and agreem'= or deuisions of all such lands so bought as shall be made by the English alone 
 amongst themselues by p''sons Intrusted and empowred by them for such afaires. 
 
 5. That noe Inhabitants be put vpon vs by the Dtich but that we have the sole power of dispose- 
 ing our lands and entertaineing or rejecting all Inhabitants according to agreein'* that shall from 
 time to time be made amongst ourselues. 
 
210 Colonial Settlements on tlie Hudson River. 
 
 6. That the English Planters in the aforesaid places by Authoritie and w"' approbation afore- 
 saide may haue equall liberties of tradeing with the Duch in all respects, they payeing all lawfuU 
 dues and customes as the DucK doe or w"' any other whom so eiier. 
 
 7. Our humble desire is that the p'mises being graunted by those in Jlolland or to whom the 
 Pattent and power of such graunts appertaineth, may be declared and ratified by an Authenticall 
 Instrum' signed and sealed by the Pattentees in Europe, if it remaines with tliem And that a 
 coppie of it so signed sealed and Authentically Attested may be procured for the English Planted 
 vnder the Duch to be by them kept among their publique liecords for y" benefitt of Posteritie. 
 Dated this 8"' of November 1661 Beniamin ffen 
 ffroni Milford in New England. Robekt Treatt 
 
 Rich: Lawe 
 Jasper Gun. 
 
 Answer of tue Dikector-Genkral and Council to the foregoing propositions. 
 
 Extract outh of the Recordes and Resolu- 
 tions of the Lord Director-General and 
 Counsels of the N. Nederlands, taken in 
 their Court vppoii 
 Monday, the 28'" of NovemV 1G61. 
 
 The Director Generall and Counsells off the N. Netherlands haveing perused the Commis- 
 sione and Propositions, produced by Benjamin Fenne, liohert treat, Mitch : Lawe and Jasper 
 Gun, Deputies of a greather Companie English People, propoundinge vppon Certaine termes to 
 be admitted as Inhabbittens and subjects vnder this Governement, Doe judge the matters off a 
 hevier Consernement as to give soo full and satisfactory answer vppon Every perticull. 
 
 Nevertheless, Consideringe the abovementioned Deputies are very desirous to obtaine any 
 Answer for to Relate vnto their principals, is Resolved to give this followeinge provisionate An- 
 swer: 
 
 Because there is no difference in the fundamental poincts of the Worship of God betwixt these 
 and the Churches of New England, as oiiely in the Ruelinge of the same 
 
 The Director Generall and Counsell doe make noc Difficulte to give M-ay & Consent vnto the 
 twoe first Propositions, because in our natyff Country, alsoo here was never practised restraint of 
 Conscience. In the meane tyme wee wish & hope that by a neerer raeetinge and Conference be- 
 tween oure & theire Ministers further Obstructions in this poinct shall be remoeved and that all 
 Lovinge Vnity shall be observed. 
 
 Uppon the Thirth Proposition vnto the petitioners shall be graunte<l in the wayc of Magis- 
 trature. Judicature and Sivill affaires, all such power, Authoritie, Priveledge and Liberty as all 
 other townes & Collonies of N. Netherland have obtained, to Mit, the Nomination off theire owne 
 Magistrates within herselfes yearely in a dubble Number to be present vnto the Director Generall 
 and Counsell for to be Elected oat of the same tlie Magistrates for that yeare and to Confirme 
 them, the which shall be qualified with sufficiant power tfe authority for to make and to see appro- 
 bated and confirmed by the Director-Generall «fe Counsell all such Ordinances as they shall finde 
 good for the benifitt of theire townes or plantations, Accordinge to the same to doe Right & 
 Justice, the Appelle beinge Reserved vnto the high Court, in Conformite of the Generall Order 
 and Exemptions graunted vnto all the Lihabitaus of the N. Netherlands. 
 
Kbw Yoi-h Jlidoriad Records. 211 
 
 The fourtli & Sixt propositions were granted. 
 
 Conseruiiige tlie fifte proposition, none of tlie Townes in the X. Ndlierlandx are troubled 
 with Inhabitance, the which doe not Lyke her or lier Magistrates, beinge reserved that tliey doe 
 not admitt any Inhabitance without approbation and acknowledgement of tlic Dircef Generall & 
 Connsell and give their oath for the Affirmation of Fidellyty. Thus enacted in the Fortres named 
 Amsterdam att the Court kept by tlie Lord Director Generall & Counsell of the N. Netherlandts, 
 a dij ut supra. 
 
 Signed 
 
 P. Stuyvesant. 
 Agreed witli tlie foi-esaid Recordes. 
 Sul)scryvetl 0. v. Ruyven Secretary. 
 Translated by me 
 
 Salomon La Chair, Notary pulj. 
 
 His Honor, the Councillor Johan dt: Deckere refused to give his opinion on the foregoing 
 propositions of the English Committee, because the said propositions were addi'essed only to the 
 Hon"'* Director-General of Nev} Netherland and not to the Noble Director-General and the Hon- 
 orable Council, as it ought to have been done. A dij ut supra. 
 
 Ordinance of the Dieectoe-General imposing a land tax at Esopus to de- 
 feat THE EXl'ENSE OF BUILDING A MiNISTEe's HOUSE THEKE. 
 
 (See Laws of New-Netherlaud, pages 413 and 448.) 
 
 OeDINANCE FOR THE OBSEEVANCE OF THE S^VBIiATH, PEEVENTION OF FIRES, CON- 
 STRUCTION OF FENCES AND HOUSES, AND FOE KEEPING IN EEPAIE THE PALISADES 
 AT WlLTWYCK, PASSED IS"" NoVBR. 1661. 
 
 (Ibidem page 415.) 
 
 Ordinance for the construction of a new road at Esopus, passed 22'' Novbe. 1661. 
 
 (Ibidem page 420.) 
 
 Ordinance for the speedy collection of the arrears due on the house and 
 salary of the minister at esopus, passed novb. 24, 1661. 
 
 (Ibidem page 421.) 
 
212 
 
 Colonial Settlevients on the Hudson River. 
 
 Account of the excise in the village of Wiltwyck, with the names of those who paed it. 
 
 Excise of the wine and beer, recorded in the vil 
 
 lage of Wiltwyck since the 24"" 9' 
 
 fol 
 
 1. Uendrick Jochems 
 
 1. Pieter Hillehrantz 
 
 1. Aelbert Gyssbertz 
 
 2. Jacob Burlui/ns 
 2. Gerrit Forcken 
 2. Walraeff du Mont 
 
 2. Jam, Barentz Timmerman 
 
 3. Barent Oerritzen 
 3. Oritiez Westerkamps 
 3. Jam, Jansen Brabander 
 3. Jan, Lamhertz 
 
 3. Joannes Leblein 
 4-. Jan Barentz Snyder 
 
 4. Michiel Verhruggen 
 i. Jan Pierssen 
 4. Wouter Aelhertz 
 4. Thomas Swartwout 
 4. Pieter van Halen 
 4. dejonge OeseUen 
 
 4. Theunis Vooeht 
 
 5. Cornelis Barentz Slecht 
 5. Arent Jacobs 
 
 5. Aelbert Ueimans 
 
 6. Mathies Capita 
 6. Dirck Ariaens 
 6. Hendriok Gomelissen 
 6. Jam Barentz Backer 
 
 6. Dom. Herm. Blom 
 
 7. Juriaen Westphalen 
 7. Matthies Roeloffs 
 
 7. MichielVerre 
 1. Jan van Bremen 
 
 8. Gertruyd Andriesen 
 8. t7a«. Aertzen Smit 
 8. Cornelis Jansen, sawyer 
 8. Wilm Jansen 
 8. Pieter Bruyn 
 
 ed in the vil- 
 
 9. Dirck Wilmssen 
 
 f 9 
 
 ■ 1661. 
 
 9. Evert Pelsen 
 
 40 
 
 
 9. Thomas Ghambertz 
 
 84 
 
 fl. 75-7 
 
 10. Schout Swartwout 
 
 32 
 
 2 
 
 10. Uendrick Hendrix 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 10. Glaes Pietersen 
 
 2 
 
 71 14 
 
 10. P'/efe/" Martenscn 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 10. Sergeant Christiaen 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 10. Andries Barentz 
 
 9-7 
 
 1 
 
 11. Jb«as Rantzou 
 
 5 
 
 65 
 
 11. Ariaen Huyherts 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 11. Cornelis Brantz 
 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 11. Maryken Huygen 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 11. riaw^ CZaesen, 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 . 11. Prefer- the miller 
 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 11. Kerst Kerstensen 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 11. Bart Siebrantz 
 
 22 
 
 12 
 
 12. C^ez-W^ ■uan Gampen 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 12. Huybrecht Bruyn 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 12. Uendrick Jansen, Looman 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 12. ^ren< Pietersen Tack 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 12. Matthies Princen 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 12. Wilm Jansen Stoll 
 
 4 
 
 70 7 
 
 12. Jaw. (^w Pa/'cg' 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 12. TFi7TO -yaw. Vredenborg 
 
 16 
 
 55 
 
 13. Marten Harmsen 
 
 17 
 
 4 
 
 13. Gyssbert Gyssbertzen 
 
 52 
 
 1 
 
 13. MaUhies Blanciau 
 
 51 
 
 3 
 
 13. Z^i«M 2>«5o 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 13. Pieter Jellissen 
 
 2 
 
 58 
 33 
 
 
 
 
 fl 441 7 
 
 16 
 3 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 12 
 2 
 
 
 
 fl 670. 8 
 
 
 441. 7 
 
 To the 15 9* 
 
 
 fl III1T15 
 
 '" incl. 
 
JS^ew Yorh Historical IlecorJs. 213 
 
 Extract from a letter of Vice Director La Montagne to R'ityvesani', rk- 
 
 GARDING BRICKS PURCHASED P'OR AND SENT TO DoMINE BloM AT EsOPUS. FoKT 
 
 Orange, 19"' November IGGl. 
 
 Ill pursuance of your Honor's order I liave called upon Anderies Ilerhertsen, the Constable, 
 for 5000 bricks ; he stated, that he had none and could not get any, so that I have been ol)liged 
 to purchase theni to fill your Honor's order : I bought 3000 from Master Jacoh de H'lnce at 10 
 guilders in beaver the thousand, which Mons'" Cousseau was to take for himself to the Manhatans ; 
 I have given a receipt for these bricks and bought 3000 more from Jan Verheech for 22 guilders 
 iu wampum to be paid here, which Reyndert Pietersen was to take to the Manhatans ; I ha^•e 
 sent these 6000 bricks to Dom'= Blom together with a letter to the same by Jan van Bremen. 
 
 Ordinance of the Director General directing tue fencing and improving of 
 THE Lands and Lots at Esopus. November 25"' 1001. 
 
 (See Laws of New Netlierlaud, p. 387.*) 
 
 Names of persons who supplied wheat at the Esopus. 
 
 Received wheat from the following persons and shipped it in the yacht of Plodder. 
 
 Received from Sergeant ChriMian Nisen 29 schepel of wheat 
 
 from Thomas Chambers 70 
 
 from Cornells Slecht 30 
 
 from Jacob Haj) 28 
 
 List of those who have subscribed for the support of the preacher Harmanus Bloom. 
 
 ThomMS Siamher (Chambers) fl 100 
 
 Jacob Jansen Stall 100 
 
 Cornelis Slecht 50 
 
 WiUem Jansen 50 
 
 Jacob Jansen Sioutenbenjli 50 
 
 Jan de Brabander 15 
 
 Juriaen Westvael 50 
 
 Pieter Dircksen 60 
 
 Dirck de Goier 20 
 
 Hendrick Sewantryger 20 
 
 ♦The date there is erroneously given as 1G60, but Stuyvesant was not at the Esopus in November, 1060, and 
 this ordinance was made simultaneously with the preceding ones on page 211. — Ed. 
 
21 i Colonial SettUments on the Hudson River. 
 
 Matys 20 
 
 Marten Harmensen 25 
 
 Jan Je Backer 12 
 
 Jan Broerisen 16 
 
 Willem Jansen 30 
 
 Albert Gouertsen . 20 
 
 fl 637 
 
 Oeder on a petition of "Willem Jansen, feeetman between Beegen and the 
 
 MaNHATANS, foe the establishment of bates of FEI{EIAGE. 
 
 Thursday, the 22'' of December (IGGl.) 
 
 Present in Council his Honor the Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant and the Hon*"'" Coun- 
 cillors JVicasius de Sille and Johan de Deckere. 
 
 The petition of Willem Jansen was taken up and read, which substantially states that the 
 Sellout and Schepens of the village of Bergen had given him a provisional permission to work a 
 ferry between Bergen and the Island of Manhatans. He requests, that their Honors, the Di- 
 rector-General and Council will please to ratify it and to order, what he shall ask for ferriage. 
 
 It is answered, 
 
 The petitioner is referred back to the Schout and Committee of Schepens of the village of 
 Bergen, who are hereby authorized, to enter into a provisional agreement concerning the ferriage 
 with the petitioner to the best advantage of the inhabitants of said village and until further orders. 
 Date as above. 
 
 PETmON OF THE INHABITANTS OF BeEOEN FOE ADDITIOJSAL LAND. 
 
 The 22'' of December. 
 
 The petition of Tiehnam van Vleeck, Harmen Smeeman and Casper Steimiis, proprietors of 
 land in the village of Bergen, was taken up and read, in which they demonstrated, that their 
 bouweries in the said village cannot be larger than 10 or 12 morgens and they request therefore, 
 that a corner of land, situate back towards the woodland, about 8 or 9 morgens, might be given 
 and granted to them, so that with the help thereof they may make convenient bouweries. 
 
 It is answered. 
 
 As the statement of the petitioners is correct, the surveyor is authorized to survey the desired 
 piece of land for the petitioners and to make a pertinent report to the Director-General and 
 Council. Date as above. 
 
Neu) Yorh Jlistorieal Records. 215 
 
 Judgment in a suit of Dikck Jansen of Oldenbuko against Thomas Cuambers, 
 for expenses incurred in carrying dispatches during the late war with 
 THE Esopus Indians. 
 
 Dirch Jansen from Oldenhunjh, plaintiff aj^ainst Thomas Hal, attorney for Thomas 
 Vhamhers, defendant. 
 .Tanuary 5, 16(52. 
 
 The plaintiff states, that he has shown to their Honors, the Director-General and Council on 
 tho 29"' of June 1660, that he was sent by Thomas Chamhers and Jacob Hap hither with letters 
 from the Esopus, as the emergency and condition of the country, arising from the troubles with 
 the savages, required it and that he was sent back by the Hon''''^ Director-General with orders, 
 lie requested, that he may receive a fair compensation for it, whereupon at that time he was sub- 
 stantially told, that the petitioner must make it appear, that he had been employed by the chief 
 officer there or upon his order, else he must apply to them, who had engaged liim. 
 
 And whereas the defendant, in his aforesaid quality, had undertaken to carry out the orders 
 of their Honors, the Director-General and Council, concerning this matter for account of Thomas 
 Chambers, therefore the plaintiff believes, tliat defendant ought to be condemned to pay him, 
 plaintiff, for the journeys made six bevers. 
 
 The defendant answers, that the journeys were made for the service of the country and main- 
 tains, that they must therefore bo paid out of the public funds, any way not by Thomas Chambers 
 alone, as Jacob Hap had given orders about it as well as Thomas Chamhers. 
 
 The reply hereto was, that then tliis ought to have been done with the knowledge of the offi- 
 cer there and not upon his own authority. 
 
 The defendant answered, that the situation undoubtedly did not allow it, else it would most 
 likely have been done. 
 
 The Director-General and Council heard the parties and after considering again the petition 
 made by plaintiff and his partners on the 29"" June 1660 and their answer, both recorded in the 
 Register of Resolutions of that date, they condemn the defendant in his aforesaid quality of agent 
 to pay to plaintiff three beavers or the value thereof, without prejudice to any claim, which he 
 believes to have upon the widow or heirs of the above mentioned Jacob Hap. The balance of 
 three beavers are to be paid for reasons to the plaintiff by the Company. Date as above. 
 
 Letter from the Magistrates at Albany to Director Stuyvesant; the grant 
 
 MADE TO ArENT VAN CuRLER OF THE GuET FlAT ON THE MoHAWK RlVER (ScUE- 
 NECTADV). 
 
 Honorable, Valiant and Worshipful Gentlemen. 
 
 These two savages are dispatched according to custom, to keep up the communication between 
 the two places during the winter. We salute your Worships by them and wish a happj^ and 
 blessed New- Year, prosperity to your AYorahips' administration and health to your Worships' per- 
 sons, may it so be for the honor of God, the welfare of the country and our souls and salvation 
 Amen ! 
 
 We have been expecting the Hon''''' Dinu'tor-General during last autunni, according to reports 
 of several people and had resolved to speak to his Honor about the document given to S' Arent 
 
21(5 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson liiver. 
 
 own Curler regarding the great Flat, lying between this place and the Maquas country, which was 
 granted to S' Curler, but whereas his Honor, the Director-Greneral, did not come here and the 
 interests of this place cannot well be explained in a letter, we shall leave it till the arrival of the 
 IIon'"'= Director-General, who, we hope, will come here next spring. 
 
 No change has occurred here during the winter, which it is worth while to write, everything 
 is in good order, wherewith closing we coiuuiend your Worships to the protection of the Almighty 
 and remain 
 
 Your lion''"" Worships' obedient 
 Fort Oran<ji\ servants 
 
 12"" January A" 1GG2. La Montagne 
 
 Rdtger Jacobs en 
 
 Feanz Barents Hastcoken 
 
 Evert Jansen Wendel 
 
 Abram Staats 
 
 Philipp Pietersen Schuyler 
 
 Adriaen Geeretsen. 
 
 Ordinance of the Court of Bergen for the construction of a public well in 
 THE village, passed 28™ January 1662, ratified 12'''' Febr'''. 
 
 (See Laws of New-Nctlicrhiucl, j). 434.) 
 
 Further answer of the Director-General and Council to the proposals of 
 Messrs. Fenn and others, of New Haven Colony, stating the conditions, 
 on which they may settle a town on Achteb Cull. 
 
 John Gregorie, arrived here yesterday from 
 New-JEngland, requested further answer to 
 the propositions of some Englishmen, which 
 are recorded in the Register of Resolutions 
 under date of 28"" November 1661. The fol- 
 lowing answer was given to him : 
 
 Worthy and Lovinge friendes 
 
 Wee doe Conceave, that our Scriptuall answer more largly declared by words of mouth and 
 mutuall discourses-are such as possybely can be Expected and as is Answerabel to our Superiors 
 in Europe: it is known (Honnor and thancks be given for it to the Bountiful! God), that there is 
 no at the Least differency In the fondamentall points off Religion, the differency in Churches 
 orders and gouvernment so small that wee doe not stick at it, therefore have left and leave it still 
 to the freedom ofiE your owne Consiences. 
 
 In Civil matters which doe not Schruppel the Consiency, It is a Common Proverb, in Strainge 
 places, we may finde, but must make noe Lawes ; Conferringe our Common Practis in matters of 
 Civil Justice with your Printed orders we find soo little difference, that it wil not hinder the 
 buissenis in hand, only the Appeale and Confirmation of Magistrates out a dubbel Number (:as a 
 token of an acknowledgement to a higher authority :) must be Referred to the Gouverneur General 
 
Netv York Historical Hecords. 217 
 
 & Counsel in tvniG beeinge ; but if tlic suninie wheereof a party may appcalc t*c' the Feyncs before 
 ho may Appeale (beinge Oommunly bundert gilders and the feynes twue round iSterlinge) to your 
 judgement is to Smal both may be exalted to a heyer Summe. 
 
 The Confirmation of Magistrates out a dubbel Number is in several Respects rccpiisit & need- 
 ful, more for the good of the township, as for the Authority of the Government; the Reasons 
 Sbortenes Sake, wee shal deferre to more Convenient tyme & Place, the Common practis of the 
 Governour & Counsel before they proceed to the Election & Confirmation of the New Magistrates 
 is to advyse with the deputy of the old Magistrates presentinge the nominations before them, 
 which the most fitted men are for that office, whereout in part the premisses may be deducted. 
 
 These twoe poincts beinge amongst your Propositions the Principals, whereabouts at the last 
 meetinge the differancy (to our Eemembrance) was left & the Bearer your Present messenger & 
 agent John Gregorie beinge not fuither Instructed, wee shall breake off for the Present, only wee 
 thought it meete for the Furthei-auce of the matters in hand to acquaint yow & those it may Con- 
 seme with the oath of Fidellity which in the first place all Inhabitants, secondly all Magistrates 
 and military officers, every one in his place are to doe, Soe after our love & Respects wee shal Rest 
 Amsterdam in the iY. Netherlands Your Lovinge friend. 
 
 this ll'^ of March 16G2. 
 
 A Coppie of the Oath of Fidelity to be done 
 and Subskrybct by those that are to Come and 
 to Settel vnder the Governenient of the Prov- 
 ince of the N. Netherlands. 
 
 Wee doc in the Presence of the Almighty God heereby acknowledge, declare and swearc, 
 that wee shal be true and faithful vnto the high & mighty Lords the States Generals of the Vnited 
 Belgicq Provinces, the Right Honnourable the Lords Bewinthebbers of the West-India CompS, 
 theire Governour & Counsel in tyme Beinge all fittinge & due obediance accordinge as other 
 Inhabitants of this Province in duty are Bound to doe ; that wee shal not acknowledge any other 
 Prince or State to have dominion over vs, Soo longe as wee shal live and Continue in this theyrc 
 Province and Jurisdiction off the iV^. Netherlands. 
 
 Soo help my (or vs) the God Almighty. 
 
 Oath for Magistrates. 
 
 I, N. N., doe wel & truely sweare in the Presence of the Almighty and Everlivinge God to 
 be true & faithful to the high and mighty Lords the States Generals of the Ynited Belgicq Prov- 
 inces, the Right Honnourable the Lords Bewinthebbers of the West-India Comp?, their Governour 
 General & Counsel in tyme Beinge, that I as Choosen and Confirmed Magistrate for the towne of 
 N. N. shal maintaine the true & Protestant Religion, soo as the same accordinge to the word of 
 God is declared and in this Province is Professed, that I shal vse my best and vtmost Endeavor 
 for the Supression off Mutinis, Sedition, Conspiraces or Invasion whatsoever I shal heare, may be 
 Prejudical to the abovementioned high & mighty & honnourable Lords & their Government here 
 Established, as also to the welfare of this Province in general as to the Particular Towne, whereof 
 I was Chosen ; that I accordinge to my best Skil as one of the Magistrates Chosen by the afore- 
 said Towne Shal vse & Exercyse good and Ecpial Administration of Justice, without favour or 
 affection, hatred or malicy to the Persons or Partys, and not be a Counselar in Privat in any Cause 
 dependinge before mee — 
 
 Soo help me God Almighty. 
 28 
 
218 Colonial Stttlements on the Hudson liiver. 
 
 Oath for Military Officers iu the Townships. 
 I, N. JV., Captain, Leiftennant, Eynsen, Sergiant & all the Conipagnie before this Present 
 Coulers, doe well & truely Sweare in the Presence of the Almighty and Everliveinge God, that 
 we shal be true & faithful to the high & mighty Lords the States Generals of the Vnited Belyivq 
 Provinces, the lionnourable Lords the Bewinthebbers of the "West-Lidia Comp? & their Gouver- 
 neur & Government lieere Established, that we Shal Shew them and alsoo our Subalterne Magis- 
 trates al due Eespects and obediance not Eearingh any Amies against them iu wath Respect 
 soever — 
 
 So help my (or vs) God Almighty. 
 
 Here follows a private letter of his Honor, the Director-General, sent concerning the forego- 
 ing matter to Mr. Robhert Triait. 
 
 Worthy and Loveinge Friend. 
 
 By Mr. Jolin Gregorie was our answer to the Compagnie in general and therefore sent open, 
 where out may be deducted, that all the Points of your propositions where graunted, Except the 
 Appeale, Election and Confirmation of Magistrates, from the first wee kan not declaine, the 
 Reasons of the other wheerefore it in a dubbel Number ought to be Presented to a heyer Author- 
 ity ware to my opinion soo just and waitliy that I see noe Reasons how to Answer the denyal, 
 notwithstandinge if any to the Contrary Can be brought forth, which may give more Light and 
 Satisfaction to our Court after due Examination, I wil and shal by al possible meanes endeavor 
 both heere and if need Requires by our Superiors in Europa, that the CoTnpanie in that point and 
 in Sum other grevances may obtaine al Reasonable Satisfaction : I hope not, that such a smal dif- 
 ference wil Cut off the buissinis in hand, therefore I shal Request yon wil Be Pleased to send me 
 word by the Bearer, your & the Comp* final Resolution, that we in Buyinge and disposirige of 
 that trackt of Land may order our Occasions as the Present tyme for the Common good of this 
 Provincy shal offer, so after my love & respects I shal Rest 
 
 Your lovinge friend. 
 Post Schript. 
 
 The Bearer Dirck Johm desyred my a letter of addres in the behalfe of his Cause, depend- 
 ingli before the Governour & Court of New-Haven Jurisdiction, my Request is yow will be 
 pleased to be helpfuU vnto him, if Securitie should be Required, for his goods Layinge vnder 
 Arrest, if yow wil be Pleased to become his Security for itt, these shal oblidge me to save yow 
 harmles, so after my love I Rest as before. — 
 Amsterdam, in the N. Netherlands 
 this IS'" of March 1GG2. 
 
 Warrant empowering Oratam, chief of Hackingkeshackt, and Mattano, an- 
 other CHIEF, TO SEIZE ANT BRANDY FOUND IN THEIR COUNTRY AND TAKE IT WITII 
 THE PERSONS SELLING IT TO New-Am8TERDAM. 
 
 Whereas Oratam, chief of Jlackinghesaky, and otlier savages have complained several times, 
 that many selfish people dare not only to sell brandy to the savages in this city, but also to carry 
 ■whole aukers of it into their country and peddle it out there, from which, if it is not prevented in 
 time, many troubles will arise, therefore the Director-General and Council of New-Netherlund, 
 not knowing for the present a better way to stop it, authorise the said chief together with the Sa- 
 
 i 
 
New Yovh Historical Reconh. 219 
 
 cliem MatienoncTc, to seize the brandy brouglit into their country for smIc ami those offerin"- to bell 
 it and bring them liere, that they may be punished as an example to others. 
 
 This is the document, given to the Sachems pursuant to the foregoing resolution: 
 
 The cliiefs Oratam and Mattano are hereby authorized, to seize the brandy brought into their 
 
 country for sale, togetiier with those, who bring it and conduct them hither. Done at Fort Am- 
 
 sterdain in iV. Netherlands the 30"" of March 1662. 
 
 Petition of Akent van Cueler for a survey of tue great Flat behind Fort 
 Orange (Schenectady). 
 The 6'" of April (1662.) 
 
 To the Noble, Very Worshipful, his Honor tlie 
 Director-General and the Honorable Council of 
 New-Neiherland. 
 Shows with due reverence Arent van Curler, that he cum suis (and his friends) had received 
 permission by a certain resolution of their Honors the Director-Greneral and Council of JVew-Netli- 
 erland; dated the 23* of June 1661, to buy from the lawful owners the lands on the well known 
 Great Flat, situate behind Fort Orange inland and whereas by virtue thereof the said lands were 
 bought by the petitioner cum suis and are now owned by them and whereas the same are also 
 busy now erecting houses, mills and other buildings and whereas petitioner cum suis wish to cul- 
 tivate and sow some of these lands during this season, which cannot well be done, unless the said 
 lands are surveyed, therefore the petitioner request in his and his friends' name, that your Hon"'" 
 Worships will please to authorize the surveyor Jacques Corteljouw that he survey and partition 
 the land and that he proceed thither now with the petitioner. Awaiting hereupon your Hon"'"' 
 Worships' favorable decision, he remains etc etc. 
 
 Your Hon"'" Worships' servant 
 
 Arent van Curler. 
 
 The foregoing petition was taken up and read and the following reply was given : 
 
 Before the village is laid out and formed, as desired, the persons, who intend to go there as 
 settlers must be of a sufficient number, at least twenty families, and must report their names to the 
 Secretary of the Director-General and Council. They must engage themselves and promise, not 
 to carry on any trade with the savages under whatever name or pretext it might be, neither directly 
 nor indirectly. Date as above. 
 
 Petition of Philipp Pietersen Schuyler and others for leave to plant a vil- 
 lage AT THE Great Esopus. 
 
 To the Noble, Worshipful, his Honor the 
 Director-General and the Honorable Coun 
 cil of New-Netlierland. 
 
 Show with all respect Phil'qyp Pietersen Sclniijler, Volckert Jansen and Goosen Gerriisen 
 van Schaick, together with Jati Thomas and Andn^s UerhertM'n, inhabitants of the village of 
 
220 Colonial Settlements on the Hiuhon River. 
 
 Heverwyck rear Fort Orange, that it is evident that the prosperity of this province of New-Neth- 
 erlaoid rests principally on agriculture and commerce ; therefore the petitioners are very desirous 
 to establish with many more people a new village at the Oreat Esopus, where a great deal of 
 uncultivated land lies and the petitioners and other people are very willing and resolved, to begin 
 farming in earnest and continue in it ; they address tiiemselves therefore to your Hon""' Worships 
 with their humble request, tliat your Plon""' Worships will please for the benefit of the province 
 to order a survey for a new village and farmlands on the Great Esopus, in the most convenient 
 locality, which may be found and to have it laid out in as many lots as the area of the land may 
 admit and whereas the abovenamed petitioners are tiie first undertakers and settlers, to enter upon 
 and cultivate the aforesaid lands on the Esopus, they respectfully request, that your Hon""'" Wor- 
 ships will please to give and grant to each of them forty to fifty morgens of land, at and near the 
 spot, where the new village on the Esopus shall be laid out : the petitioners promise, each for 
 himself, to enter upon tlieir allotted lands immediately, to fence, plougli, sow it, to build on the 
 lots in the village houses, barns etc" and to furnish the cattle, necessary for such bouweries ; that 
 the petitioners may also receive title-deeds in debita forma ior the lands and house lots, which 
 doing etc they remain 
 
 Your Hon'''* Worships Very obedient servants 
 
 PnlLIPP PrETEESEN ScHUYLEB 
 YOLCKEET JanSEN 
 
 GoosEN Geeeitsen 
 Andries Heebeetsen. 
 The e"' of April (1662). 
 
 After the foregoing request had been taken up and read, it was resolved, to lay out a new 
 settlement on the Esopus and to accommodate the petitioners, as much as occasion shall permit. 
 Date as above. 
 
 Lease of Lot TSTo. i in the New Tillage at the Esopus. 
 (Fort Orange Records . Vol. Notarial Papers, 1600-1670.) 
 
 This 4"" of May 1662 appeared before me Dirch van Schelluyne, Notary Public etc. Jan 
 Thomassen and Yolckert Jansen, partners, parties of the first part and Gerritt Tooche and Jan 
 Gerritsen of Oldenbxirg, farmers and partners, as parties of the second part. The said Jan Thom- 
 assen and Yolckert acknowledge to have let and Gerritt Tooclcs and Jan Gerritsen to have rented 
 the lessors' lot of land No. 4, situate at the Esopus in the newly opened village, known to the les- 
 sees, under the following conditions : 
 
 The lessees are to enter upon, use and cultivate the said land from now to the first of May 
 1663 without paying rent therefor. 
 
 The lessors promise to furnish to the lessees during this season as much oats for seed, as the 
 lessees can conveniently sow upon the land, on condition that the same quantity of oats shall be 
 returned to the lessoi-s at the end of the term of rent. 
 
 The lessors shall deliver to the lessees free of charge at the landing of the Esopus one hun- 
 dred boards to build a convenient house, which house, bam, stacks, fences around the land, made 
 for their convenience, are to belong at the end of the term to the lessors according to a valuation 
 by impartial parties, likewise a bridge, which must be built over the Kil running by the land. 
 
New York Ilisiorical Hecords. 221 
 
 III accordance witli such valuation the price shall be refunded to the lessees, who however shall hi- 
 held to pay the full price of the above said boards at the end of their term. 
 
 The lessors also give now to the lessees the below stated animals to be used during their term, 
 viz. three mares and one gelding, a stallion and a young stallion, two cows, two heifers, two sows 
 with pigs, two young boars, si.x hens and a rooster. The lessees shall keep all these animals on 
 half share of the increase according to the custom of the countiy. 
 
 The lessors will supply the lessees with the following implements, a plow and a cart with all 
 things belonging to it except a plow-chain, to be furnished by the lessees, who shall return these 
 implements in good order at the end of their term. 
 
 The lessees shall have the use of the said land, horses and other animals for the time of four 
 consecutive years, beginning on the 1^' of May 1CG3 and ending on the last of April 1667. 
 
 The lessees promise to pay as rent during the said four years 450 11 a year in beavers at 8 fl 
 or in grain at the market price beaver valuation or else in warapmn, calculating a beaver at 16 fl, 
 payments to be made each year and not to run from one year to another. 
 
 At the end of their term the lessees shall have the preference before others in case the land 
 is to be let again and if they are willing to pay as much as others. 
 
 All expenses and costs, arising on account of the village during the term of this lease, also the 
 working on and repairing of the fortifications shall fall on the lessees. Etc. etc. 
 Jeremias van. Rensselaer \ ^^.-^^^^^^^^ Jan Thomassen 
 
 Alram Staats \ Volckekt Jansen 
 
 Gerkit Tocken 
 The mark -t of Jan Gerritsen 
 of Oldenherg. 
 D. V. ScuELLUYNE, Notarv Pnblic 1662.^ 
 
 Like leases are made by PhUijyp Pieterse Sch.wjhr owner of lots 1 and 5 with Barent Ilar- 
 Tuense, Septbr 26"" 1662, by Goosen Gerritsen, owner of lot 3, with Pieter Ilelbrantse, Octbr 21, 
 1662 and N"ovbr 17, 1664, by Jan Tomassen and Volckert Jansen, as owners of lot 5 (bought fi-om 
 Ph. P. Schuyler ?) with Gerrit Toocke and Jan Gerritsen, Febr'' 9, 1663, also for lot No 5 at 
 Schenectady by Willem, Tailler with Claes Frederickse van Petten and Isaac Cornellse June 16, 
 1664. 
 
 Further answer to the proposals of Robert Treat, Philipp Graves and John 
 Gregory of New-Haven concerning the settlement on Achter Cull. 
 SO"- May (1662) 
 
 At the house of his Honor, the Director-General, present the Director-General and the Coun- 
 cillors, Messrs. JVicasius de S/ll-e, La-Montagne and Johan de Deckere. 
 
 Vppon the propositions made by the English deputies Pohhert Triatt, Philipj) Groues and 
 John Gregory the Gouemour & Counsel of the JV. Netherlands doe stil Remaine by that answer 
 as formerly in Schriptis was given and Sent vnto them and for further Explanation of Sum par- 
 ticulars, which they thincke to be doubtfull, this presents may serve. 
 
 First Conserninge the twoe former Propositions about the Churches orders and government 
 wee Referre that vnto themselves, that they not any way shal be molested therein and itT need 
 should Require that advyce should be taken with Sum Enrjlish Ministers or Churches within these 
 
222 Colonial Settlements on the Ilvdson River. 
 
 Province of the N. Netherlands that shall be left to theyre owne liberty, But in Case iff a Synode 
 therevnto most be Requiered the approbation and Consent of the Governour and Counsel then 
 beinge. 
 
 Conserninge the Third Proposition the Governour & Counsel doe give Consent that the afore- 
 said English Nation beinge setlet vnder this government shal have power by the most vote of the 
 Churches members, to nominate their owne Magistrates in such a quantity as they shall thinck 
 most meete and needful! for their towue or Townes, which Magistrates with the freemen shal be 
 Impoured, to make such Lawes and Ordinances, as occasion shal require, which lawes and ordi- 
 nances after Examination beinge found not oppugnant to the general Lawes of the Vnited Belgick 
 and this Provinces shal by the Governour & Counsel be Ratified and Confirmed vnto them, only 
 the Governour & Counsel doe Reserve the Appeale of Criminel and Civil Sentences above the 
 Sum of fifty pound Sterlinge, without Reformation or appeale to that Sum, for all such Inhabitans 
 as therevnto shal Subschrybe and y^ Confirmation of the Magistrates out of dubbel Number jearly 
 to be presented vnto them, out of which dubbel Number with advyce or Communication of the 
 old Magistrates or their deputies the followinge Magistrates by the Governour & Counsel then 
 beinge shal be Confirmed. 
 
 Conserninge the further propositions, they are by these presents graunted. Actum in Fort 
 Amsterdam hi New-Netherland, the 30"' of May 1662. 
 
 MmiiTE OF Council, rejecting the petition of Juriaen Teunissen to keep a 
 
 TAVERN AT EsOPUS. 
 
 June 15, 1662. 
 
 The petition of Juriaen Teunissen was taken up and read, who requested permission to live 
 and keep a tavern at the mouth of the Esopus Kil, at the northside of it, where his foster father 
 Kit Davitsen had formerly lived 
 
 Whereas this would tend to debauch the soldiers and other inhabitants there and whereas it 
 is also to be feared, that strong liquor might be sold there to the savages 
 
 Therefore it is decreed : 
 
 The request is denied for pregnant reasons. Date as above. 
 
 Petition of Sergeant Christian Niessicn at the Esopus foe an increase of pay. 
 
 To the Noble, Worshipful Director-General 
 and the Honorable Council of New-Netlierlam,d. 
 
 Shows with all due reverence Christian Niessen, chief sergeant in the service of your Hon"'® 
 Worships, that I have had charge in this quality for some time of the garrison at i\\G Esopus and 
 find that my pay is not sufficient for my subsistence, to attend duly to my position and therefore 
 I request, tliat your Hon"'* Worships will please to consider, that I need a little higher pay and I 
 do not doubt, that after your Hon"'" Worships have taken it into consideration, they will favor me 
 with higher pay. Which doing I remain 
 
 Your Hon"'" Worships' servant 
 
 Christian Niessen. 
 
New Yorh Histonail Eecords. 223 
 
 The Director-General and Council considered the expenses, which the petitioner must now 
 and then necessarily incur in the discharge of his duties and as the same have been attended to 
 with great diligence and vigilance since his appointment, it is decided, 
 
 That the petitioner shall henceforth receive 20 guilders monthly pay. Date as above (29"" 
 June 1G62). 
 
 Extract from a letter of Director Stuyvesant to the Directors ix IIoLL^iND : 
 ON the militia question ; threats of Esopus Indians. 15^" July 1CG2. 
 ****** 
 To avoid your Honors' displeasure we hardly dare to write anything furtlier in reply to what 
 your Honors say about discharging of more soldiers and that the inhabitants are bound to defend 
 themselves, after what we have formerly in detail explained regarding this, but we must remark 
 with submission to your Honors' wiser judgment, that if your Honors persist absolutely upon this 
 principle, namely total abolition of the military and reliance on the inhabitants alone for the 
 offensive and defensive maintenance of this territory, it must not only be feared, but may undoubt- 
 edly be expected, that it will come to as bad an end with this acquisition as with others. As to 
 that the inhabitants are bound, to defend themselves, nature and necessity compel everybody to 
 do it and further (as your Honors continue) that at extraordinary occasions they must bear uncom- 
 mon imposed burdens and be subject to the guarding of their own and other frontier places, in 
 that we agree with your Honors. "We promise ourselves and in behalf of their subjects to your 
 Honors, that they will not be found unwilling to do their best herein according to their powers, 
 when necessity and the circumstances require, that the military pursue the barbarians : our former 
 letter on this subject intimated only the reluctance and unwillingness of the inhabitants, to attack 
 the savages in the open field, and in relieving or bringing help to other outside places : we do 
 not remember, without desiring to contradict your Honors' better information, that citizens and 
 inhabitants in the Fatherland were held or compelled to it. It is desirablo and would cause us 
 less anxiety, if this your Honors' territory could be governed and maintained without militarj^, at 
 least with less, than we are keeping now, but it must be presumed, that the parties have little 
 dealings or interests in this country, who inform and report to your Honors otherwise, and that 
 they care less for the keeping or loss of it. Your Honors have seen from the list sent over last 
 year, how many soldiers remained tiien in the service and how they were distributed, namely pur- 
 suant to your Honors' former order 10 or 12 at Fort Orange, 12 to 14 at Fort Altena on the Soutli. 
 river, indeed few enough in our poor opinion considering the multitude of barbarians, wlio visit 
 the distant places dayly, 25 men at the Esopus, whom we have reinforced while writing tlii.s by (> 
 or 8 men from the garrison here, on account of warnings from other savages, that the Esopus sa^■- 
 ages had threatened to attack some of our people tliere during seeding time in revenge for tlic 
 savages sent to Curacao, 6 men on Statin-Island for the safety of the few inhabitants there, tlie 
 balance of about 70 to 80 remain for the reasons, given in our former letter, here in garrison : 
 some of these have been discliarged since and several more will be sent home discharged by the 
 ships, now about to sail, so that not more than 60 or 70 remain here in garrison as a reserve troop 
 for any arising emergencies ; all together they do not number over one hundred and twenty five 
 military persons. We leave it to a farther seeing judgment, whether this present distribution of 
 soldiers or sometimes agreable to circumstances a still greater scattering (especially when tiie 
 potash maker shall come to get the number, promised to him, from this garrison) is not more a 
 bravado, than a necessity. If your Honors had from your own experience a perception of tlie 
 
224 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson liiver. 
 
 interests, losses, sndden attacks, unexpected murders, manslaughters, different incendiary fires, liaj> 
 pened to the inhabitants before and during our time, as we, your Honors' faithful officers and good 
 inhabitants have experienced them and if your Honors knew, that the wild barbarians have so far 
 only been held somewhat in cheek by the dread of the few soldiers, then we trust, that your Hon- 
 ors would with us deem it better for this their territory and its inhabitants, to think of some con- 
 venient means, whereby for their greater security a larger number of soldiers could be maintained, 
 than to reduce and discharge the small number at a greater risk. Twenty five men more or less 
 will not make the public treasury richer or poorer by „, fl, which if drawn and collected from the 
 people will add little to the taxes, considering that the same will give us respect and advantage in 
 times of need. Anyway 7 years ago, when the reduction of the Swedish forts on the Southriver 
 was undertaken a great deal of damage by fire and otherwise on Stolen- 1 stand, at Gemoenepa and 
 elsewhere could have been prevented, if 25 or 30 enlisted soldiers had then remained in garrison 
 here. We will not go farther in these inferences, but rather await your Honors' further delibera- 
 tions and orders, to be governed by them. 
 
 Tour Honor.s' orders and instructions regarding the pretensions of Melyn are strictly obeyed. 
 It must be presumed, that the lands, formerly cultivated by him, will remain abandoned, as since 
 he has been driven from them now 7 years ago, he has not troubled himself about the land. "We 
 hardly believe, that for the present he will again take possession of them, for he has taken up his 
 residence at New Ha/oen in New-England for a few years past, where he still lives. 
 
 Minute of Council on thk eeceipt of letters fkom John Endicott, Governor 
 OF Massachusetts and Thomas Bredon, Governor of Nova Scotia complain- 
 ing of an attack made by the Mohawks on one of tueik trading-posts in 
 that quarter. 
 
 Two letters were read in Council, one from the Governor of Boston, John Endecott, dated 
 the 27"' of June, the other from the Governor of Nova Scotia, T. Breedont, dated 30"' June last, 
 wherein they state, that the Maquas have been there in May last and plundered one of their trad- 
 inghouses, killing also a number of Indians and cattle, contrary to the treaty of peace made be- 
 tween the Maquas and the Northern savages at Fort Orange last year. They request in substance, 
 that we assist their agents Capt. Gardner and Walker to get satisfaction for the sustained damages 
 and that the peace between the said Maquas and the Northern savages be renewed. It was 
 resolved. 
 
 To contribute everything to accomplish this and to carry it out. Date as above (2i"' July 
 16(52). 
 
 A Copt op Propositions Made vnto the Maques August the 1" 1662. Bv 
 Thomas Gaiidner & Nathaniell "Walker with the Answers to the same 
 
 THK DAY and time AbOUESAYED AT FoRT OrANGE OR FFORTT VeRINAH. 
 
 1. Q. The first Proposition made vnto the Maques was wheather the English had not always bin 
 theyre frinds which had more Espeshaly Apered in three pirtieulars. 
 
New Yorh Ilistoriml Records. 225 
 
 first wheather that thes Thirty or forty ycares past the Eutjll^h had not bin theyr frinds not 
 wronging them any way. 
 
 secondly theyr frindship had Appeared in deniall the ffreyick A passage through the English 
 Country to tight with the Maques 
 
 thirdly it had Appeared in laboring to make A Pease for the Ilowhohs M-ith Northern In- 
 dianes not helping the Northern Indianes though the Maques wares with them wear to the Eny- 
 Lishes great Lose. 
 
 An. The Maques or Mohoks Answer was it was true the English had so bin theyr frinds as 
 Abouesayed. 
 
 2. Q. The second Proposition made vnto the Maquas was why they did then so breake the Pease 
 with the Northern Indianes that was made for them by the English After the Indian was rune 
 away, that Came to make Pease and that the sayed Pease wase made at the Englishes Cost. 
 
 2. An. To this they Answer it was fals theyr was no pease made for the Indianes at All but the 
 pease wase made with the English & that they had good ground to war with the Northern In- 
 dianes ; who at two severall times had helped the Canide Indianes : that by theyr meanes thay 
 had lost near 100 men & that som of the Dutch should tell them thay might fall vpon the North- 
 ern Indianes Notwithstanding the former Pease, the Dutch in the meane time denieing the same 
 ite Afirming as by theyr Eecords was made to Apeai-e that ther was an absolute & firm pease with 
 the English in behalf of the Northern Indianes made the last year hear at Eortt Orange att A 
 Solemn meeting with the names of Severall men to the same that wear Comanders at Forti Orange. 
 
 Vnto this Answer of the Maques the Dutch reply is farther that likewise the Maques sayed 
 the English had betrayed the Northern Indians into theyr hands because they had killed ther 
 Cattle & that the English brought them to the fortt, which was A truth, the Maques had so 
 sayed. 
 
 3. Q. The third Proposition was why thay did take the Northern Indianes vnder the Protection 
 & Comand of Penohscott fortt itt being Contrary to the former peace & Contrary to the Customes 
 of Nationes & very Predgidishall to the English 
 
 An. To this Nothing is Answered butt as before they wear ther Enymies & thay had ocasion so 
 to doe. 
 
 4. Q. The fourth proposition was why thay did so falsly and Perfidiously breake the pease with 
 the English at Neagers house & at Penohscott fortt most Solemnly made & giufts being both 
 given by them & requited by the English, yet Imeadeately that thay killed the Englishes Cattell 
 «fe Robed the Abouesayed house to the value of 400 lb Sterlinge & afterwards they Biult a strong 
 Fortt by Neagers house tarieiug ther A fortnight wliieli we supose wase for nothing else but to 
 surprise the English Coming for ther goods. 
 
 4. Ans. To this they Answer, it is true they killed some Cattell, though not so many as wc say 
 it being dun by youths & because the Cattell did Run so wildly when they ran after the other In- 
 dians & that it was but A smale mater that which they did Vsually to the Dutch & for wrong dun 
 to the house they p'ferred a p'eell of wampum denieing ther was so much goods as we sayed ther 
 was, it likewise being dun by youths and if the English would not so be satisfied they could not 
 helpe it. 
 
 5. Q. A S"" query was why they did threttn to Cutt of the Emjlish that live Eastwards in the 
 fall of the year vnder the Notion of French men. 
 
 5. An. Theyr Answer was it was false thay did not so thrctten the English for our men wear in 
 
226 Colonial Settlements on the Hudnon River. 
 
 theyr hands & thay had power to have killed them if thay had hinfrenoh, but thay had jealousies 
 
 we wenrfrench it was true and our bands were like J^rench mens bands. 
 
 6. Q. To A 6* query which was wheather thay would now Returne the prisoners that wear by 
 
 them taken of the Northern Indianes & giue the Northern Indianes satisfaktion for those thay 
 
 liad killed it being Contrary to Articles of Peace made the last year 
 
 6. An. Theyr Answer was we should then bring these men of theyrs the Northern Indianes had 
 
 killed both heartofor and now of late and that the Prisoners wear giuen by them to theyre frinds 
 
 who formerly had lost theyr frinds by the wares. 
 
 These Abouesayed things being thus propounded & thus Answered the Indianes Brake of in 
 A Snufe & went and told in the towne we weare no better then Hogges & that thay Cared not 
 for the English & if thay would not now manifest theyr satisfektion in thre weaks time they would 
 set vpon the outmost plantations of Connitiqett & burne them and that thay would go ten or 12 
 men in A Company fiering remote houses & destroy what thay could. These things being dun in 
 the forenone. 
 
 The Aftemoone we meett Agayne the Dutch Gouernor hauing propounded this to them in 
 the Morning wheather they would Refrayne from fighting with the Northern Indianes vntil the 
 Spring next year that some Northern Indianes might be brought to make Pease with them ; theyr 
 Answer was thay would ; we Considering of All things tooke hold of this opertunity to preuent 
 theyr present Incurtiones & to gayne time to proceed farther with them. Therefore we made 
 them this 3 folde Reply, first that we had Considered of theyr Answers to the former pirticulers 
 & theyr Peage preferred in satisfaction & that we should one & the other to the Gouernors of the 
 Bay. 
 
 Secondly we had Considered of theyr Resolution not to fight with the Northern Indianes till 
 some might Com to Conclude A peace the which Resolution we liked well & therefore gaue them 
 A parsell of Peage. 
 
 Thirdly we told them it was our desier, thay should do theyre best to let vs haue the 
 ers thay had in hold and therfore to Incoridge them hearin we gaue them Another p'sell of 
 The Mohokes liked very well this present & told vs thay would performe the first and do theyr 
 best to performe the last 
 
 That this is A true relation we ar witnesses whose Names are vnderwritten. 
 
 Thomas Gardner. 
 Nath. Walker. 
 
 A True relation of the Maques Coming to Penobscott ffortt and what 
 
 TIIAY DID, BY ThOMAS GaRDNER, CoMANDER OF THE SAME. 
 
 The last of Aprill one Thousand sixe hundred sixty twoe the Maques Came to Neagew house 
 belonging to the sayed fifort & sent thre men before them to tell the English that the Maques 
 theyr frinds wear Coming and desiered to Trade with them but whilst thay wear Speaking About 
 two hundred & sixty men of them had Incompassed the house pulling downe the fence, entered 
 into the sayed house & filled it full of men : thear being but fowar English men in the house (& 
 then as the tliree men thay sent) so now these desier Trade with the English & promis that thay 
 would do them no harme nor theyr goods or Cat tell & gave vnto the Truke Master fowar or fine 
 girdles of Peage, telling him that thay weare theyr Asnred frinds & After A fayer Trade of what 
 thay desired Contrary to theyr former promises Compeled the Tnike Master to go downe the 
 
JSfew York Historical Jiecords. 227 
 
 River with them, the three men then left in the house fearing to stay wlien theyr Master was 
 Caried Away in the iS'iglit Uiought to liauc Come downe to the Ibrtt to Iiaue Informed vs of theyr 
 Coming but wear surprised by the way of tlie Maques & kept thro dayes prisoners. 
 
 The Third of May sixty two the sayed Maques Came to I^etiobiscott fortt bring the Aboue- 
 sayed fowar men and setting them vpon a Roke in the Riuer it being in the twilight in the morn- 
 ing whilst thay themselues went and surprised the Indianes that wear vnder the Protection of 
 sayed fortt and wear Com ther to Trade which wear to the Number of one hundred men women 
 and Children and haueing Ended theyr biusnes About the Indianes in theyr surprissall : thay Came 
 and desiered Trade of ys as thay had done Aboue at the house : haueing before sent home our 
 men thay had taken prisoners: Thoug with great discord About them Amongst themselues. 
 
 Now although we well know thay had broken the pease made the last yearo at Fortt Orange 
 by the Duches helpe we ouerlooked the same & knowing that we could not recouer the prisoners 
 thay had taken & that All our goods \^ the Riuer was at theyr dispose thought it not fitt to ofend 
 them Anye waye but to presenie the sayed house & Tradeing goods & therfore According to the 
 Maqueses desier we Traded with them for prouision & goods in frindly jnaner the Maques Sagi- 
 mores in the mene time promising great frindship to ys and glueing vs a present of Moose Skins 
 & Peage & we in requitall gaue the Maques the valine in Cloth Bread & pruenes, fflower & Pease 
 & Corne, Butt in most fallse & Perfidious maner thay no sooner went of the fortt in Pease but 
 Killed ten of our Cattell that wear of sight of the fortt & went vp the Riuer & Robed our house 
 of All wase in it to the valine of 400 lbs & Builtt A strong ffortt in A quarter of A mile of the 
 sayed house & Tarid ther A forttnight as we suppose by what had pased before to surprise our 
 men when thay should Come vp to fetch our goods. 
 
 This is a true relation by me Thomas Gardner 
 
 Edward Nay lor, Truke 
 (S*"" August 1662.) ■ Master at the house. 
 
 Ordinances regulating the Trade with the Indians, passed 5"" August 1662. 
 (See Laws of New-Netherland, pages 425-6.) 
 
 Letter from Pioeloff Swaktwout, Schout at Wiltwtck, to Director Stdyvesant 
 concerning a recent alarm at thk Esopus and its ' 
 
 To their Honors the Noble Director- 
 General and the High Council of the 
 City of New- Amsterdam,. 
 
 I report to your Hon*''^ "Worships by this my letter, that on the 11"' of August one of Yoldiert 
 Janseri's horses has been found dead in the woods, about half an hour's way into them, just back 
 of the newly made fort. I rode there on horseback with two Commissaries and eight or ten inhabit- 
 ants on the IS"", turned the dead horse over and found, that it was shot with a bullet in or near 
 the heart. It created great consternation among the inhabitants, for it is presumed, that the sav- 
 ages have done it. We had thought of making a verbal report of it to his Honorable, the Director- 
 General, but as the wind was not favorable, we had to give it up. The Maqua was here to ask 
 
228 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 me for his piece of cloth and as no cloth can be obtained here, I hardly could pacify the Maqua. 
 I told him that it would come from the Manhatmis by the first opportunity. 
 
 The Sellout and Commissaries reqiiest, that your Hon*''^ Worships will please to send one 
 hundred pounds of gunpowder and two hundred pounds of lead, we shall pay for it in time. 
 Wiltwyclc, Your Honorable Worships always 
 
 16'^'' August obedient and faithful servant 
 
 A° 1662. RoEI.OFF SwARTWOUT. 
 
 In haste 
 To the Valiant, the Noble Director-General and the Hon''"' High Council of Fort and City 
 Neio- Amsterdam. 
 
 Letter from the same to the same ; affairs at the Esopus ; evils arising from 
 
 THE UNLIMITED SALE OF LIQUOR TO THE InDIANS. 
 
 To the Noble, Very Worsliipful 
 his Honor the Director-General 
 and the High Council. 
 
 Tour Honors' servant Roeloff Swartwout reports in behalf of his Magistrates and in their 
 absence from this place with the assistance of some inhaljitants. 
 
 We could not omit to inform your Hon"'* Worships, that the situation here is such, that if no 
 precautions are taken we are in great danger of drawing upon us a new war. The cause will be 
 the selling of liquor to the savages, which, God better it ! begins to increase, notwithstanding that I, 
 your Honors' servant, do.my best as well by watching day and night as sometimes with the assist- 
 ance of the Commissaries and good will of many citizens, who try to prevent it with all their 
 power, but the experience of stricter inquiries has proved, that we are nevertheless often imposed 
 upon, we as well as the Sergeant of the garrison here, for it is well known and customary, that 
 soldiers are called upon for assistance, when it is necessary, upon whom we rely and trust, but we 
 are vei^ much deceived by them, they even say upon being questioned 
 
 * * * (illegible) * * * 
 
 to sell liquor ; others with the small still of Jacobsen Backer are of the devil, who has taken hold 
 of several soldiers not much to the advantage of the inhabitants. 
 
 Jonas Hantsou has taken special liberties, after he had been examined by the Court in the 
 presence of the citizens' military counsel and the Magistrates to show cause, whereas your Honors' 
 sen^ant had seen him, Hantsou, come out of a citizen's house, where some beavers were traded that 
 evening for brandy ; we could get no information from him. Hantsou went the same night or early 
 next morning without permission of the Magistrates in company of a dumb* savage to the newly 
 made village of the savages, to trade among them ; he took with him some few little things, men- 
 tioned below. When they came to the fort of the savages, the dumb savage went in first, a little 
 while later Rantsou was conducted into the fort by a savage and arrived inside, he was asked, 
 whence he came ; he answered that he came from Wiltwyclc and during the night 
 
 he wanted to leave of the savages believing 
 
 that he had come there to spy upon them, in consequence of what several southern Indians had 
 reported to them, that his Honor, the General, was angry and would come with two hundred 
 
 * One who could not talk Dutch. — Ed. 
 
Neto Yorh Historical Records. 229 
 
 soldiers to make war upon them and tliis seemed to confirm it. Tlie savages strengthened their 
 fort immediately and put a good breastwork around it ; they also sent out three messengers, one 
 to the Highlands, another to the Minisincks and a third to the Catskils, with the latter one was 
 sent to go further to the Mahicanders, to inform them all that the matters were, as before stated 
 and that they had put more reliance into the negotiations, which the savages had had with the 
 Director-General at the house of D° Blom, when the peace \vas renewed and a present promised 
 to them to be given next year. Eantsou was again asked by the savages on the ue.xt day whence 
 he had came and he answered, that he had come from the Fort at Wiltwyek. He was once more 
 asked on the third day, from where he had come and said, tiiat he had come from the new village 
 and after having found him willing to testify, they let him go and quickly sent a savage after him 
 to get information from us, whether we had sent him, but as soon as Rantsou arrived home, after 
 having been absent six days, he was inmiediately arrested by the Magistrates. The savage messen- 
 ger informed us, that he had had as large a package of things as one man can carry ; in it were 
 two pieces of cloth, gunpowder and lead, with a roll of tobacco and pipes and according to the 
 savage's statement he has received for it sonje beavers and other skins and some wampum. Tliey 
 had intended to keep him a prisoner until spring. Another savage said in going by, to Jan the 
 smith, whom he met in the woods, that RanUou had been killed, when lie came there with brandy. 
 We do not know by whom he was sent and I despair, that anything will be done in tliis matter. 
 Tiie greatest mischief, which we have to ex-pect herefrom, is caused by the contraband-traders, 
 who try to swallow up this place and sell a pint of brandy for a schepel of wheat. 
 
 * * * * * (a sheet missing) 
 
 By close examinations of the boy by the Esopus Sachems this has been brought to light. The 
 Esopus savages are still busy to get at the truth and we do not know, what the evidence of the 
 other savage will be. In the meantime it is said of them, that the Esojncs and Katskil savages 
 will each pay one half. The Esopus have informed us through the Maquas, that they are willing 
 to give ten strings of wampum, but that they are innocent of killing the horse. The opinion of 
 the Sellout and Commissaries is, that we are confident, the Esopus savages have done it and we do 
 our best to bring it out. As soon as we have further details, we shall take the first opportunity 
 to inform your Honors. 
 
 May the Triune God keep you in his protection. 
 Wiltwyek, Written in the name of the Sellout and 
 
 5"" Septr 1662. Commissaries, wliich certifies 
 
 RoELOFF SwAKTWOUT. 
 
 The piece of cloth, promised to the Maquas by the Hon'''^ General, has been given to him 
 and he was very well satisfied with it. Another piece was promised to him for his further trouble. 
 
 In haste. 
 
 Revenue and ExpENra-rrRE of the village of Wiltwvck, including the build- 
 ing OF THE minister's HOUSE. 
 
 Income of Willtryck Village. The outlays for the Minister's house. 
 
 From 525 morgens. Bricks, tiles, lime, boards, wainscoting, slat- 
 
 The land pays fl a. 10 st. per morgen in gen- ing. iron, hinges, locks and nails 
 
 eral, which computed gives a total of U 1313.10 coin and every thing required for it 
 
 The house lots, not paying land tax, in wampum 680. 5. 
 
 have brought iu '^ '-O'" 963.13. 
 
230 
 
 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 in wampum 
 
 
 272 fl 
 
 
 All reduced to coin 
 
 
 in coin 
 
 
 136 
 
 
 Paid for wages of the carpenti 
 
 ;rs and masons, 
 
 In Coin 
 
 
 
 136. 
 
 hod carrier, for freight of 
 tiles, boards to this place. 
 
 bricks, 
 
 The excise on wine and beer 
 
 , farmed out, has 
 
 
 in wampum 
 
 1387.5. 
 
 fetched so far. that is to 
 
 the 21' 
 
 • Novbr. 
 
 
 in coin 
 
 570. 
 
 1662 
 
 
 
 1003.18. 
 
 Reduced to coin 
 
 
 In wampum 
 
 
 
 1505.17. 
 
 Board for the carpenters, masc 
 carrier altogether 
 
 )ns and the hod 
 
 In coin 
 
 
 
 669. 5. 6 
 
 in coin 
 Total in wampum 
 
 fl 2067.10 
 
 
 
 The revenue is altogether 
 
 
 
 2117.16. 
 
 Total in coin 
 
 1973.13 
 
 Remains a balance of 
 
 
 
 889.11.10 
 
 The wampum reduced an 
 coin makes it 
 
 id added to the 
 
 Besides the above there must be paid to the Court Messenger, for the making and keeping in 
 repair of the gates, to Jurlaen Westvael for hire of the house of D" Hermanns Blom, who lived 
 in his upper room, 80 florins. 
 
 List of the lots newly laid out. 
 
 No 1 Hendrick Jochemsen 
 
 2 Hendrick Martensen 
 
 3 Harmen Hendricksen 
 
 4 Jan Jansen Timmerman 
 
 5 Jacob Barentsen 
 
 6 Jan de Backer 
 
 7 Jacob Joosten 
 
 8 Willeyn Jansen 
 
 9 Pieter van Alen 
 
 10 Mathys Eoeloffsen 
 
 11 Jacob Boerhans 
 
 12 Gerrit van Campen 
 
 13 Anthony Cruepel 
 
 14 Albert Gerretsen 
 
 15 Meerten Chysbert 
 
 16 Dirck Adriaen 
 
 17 Mathys Capito 
 
 18 Jan, Lammersen 
 
 19 Carsten de Noorman 
 
 20 Barent Gerretsen 
 
 21 the Churchyard 
 
 22 Jan Barensen 
 
 23 
 
 24 Albert Heymansen 
 
 25 Jurlaen Westvael 
 
 26 Nicolaes Willem Stuyvesant 
 
 27 Albert Gysbertsen 
 
 28 Tjerick Classen 
 
 29 Aert Jacobsen 
 
 30 Jan Schoon 
 
 31 Aert Pietersen Tach. 
 
 No 1 Thomas Chambers 
 
 2 Evert Pels 
 
 3 Balthazar Laser Stuyvesant 
 
 4 Preacher's house and lot 
 
 5 Mrs. de Hulter 
 
 6 Jacob nap's little bouwery 
 
 7 Jacob flap's second bouwery 
 
 8 Henry Zeewant ryger (Wampum maker) 
 
 List of the old lots, before the place was laid out. 
 
 No 9 Andries the Weaver 
 
 10 Jan the Brabanter 
 
 11 Jan Bt-ouwersen 
 
 12 Michiel the first 
 
 13 Michiel Verre 
 
 14 Jan the Smith 
 
 15 Andries van der Sluys 
 
 16 house and lot of Gertrey Hansen, lying 
 
 opposite to Nos. 6 and 7. 
 
New York Historical liecords. 231 
 
 Contract to do fakm work at Schenectady. 
 
 (Fort Orange Records. Vol. Notarial Papers, 1G60-1G7G.) 
 
 This Se"" of September 1662 Jan Barcntsen Wemp and Martin Mouvcrensen engaged Ilen^ 
 drik Arentsen, sugarbaker, to serve them in cultivating, ploughing, sowing, mowing, thrashing, 
 winnowing, chopping wood and every thing else connected with it, also in doing all other duties, 
 which may be assigned to liim at their bouwery, lying at Schenechtede, which Ilendrik well knows, 
 for the time of one year beginning on this day. Jan Barentsen Wemp and Martin Mouverensen 
 promise to pay him for his services 300 fi in beavers at 8 fl the beaver or else in grain or other 
 merchandise at beaver value, deliverable to said Eendrick here at the " Fuyck " or to his order. 
 Jan Barentsen binds himself personally for the payment of the aforesaid hire, as if it were a per- 
 sonal debt. Date as above at Colony Eensselacrswyck. 
 
 The mark /)iA/t of Marten Meuverensen The mark I Vt A] of J an Barentsen Wemp 
 
 Hendrik Arentsen. 
 
 Appointment of Magistrates for the Village of Bergen. 
 
 16"' October 1662, Monday 
 
 Present in Council their Honors, the Director-General Stuijvesant and Mr. Johan de Deckere. 
 
 The nominations made and delivered by the Schout and Schepens of the village of Bergen 
 were received with the request, that the Director-General and Council will please to select from 
 them the Schepens for the said village for the coming year. 
 
 The Director-General and Council have therefore selected and confirmed as Schepens for the 
 said village Engelhert Steenhuysen, Gerrit Gerritsen and Casper Steinmets is continued as first 
 Schepen. Done at Fort Arnsterdam. Date as above. 
 
 Ordinance against the burning of straw aito other refuse combustibles in 
 THE Village of "Wiltwyck, passed 16"" October 1662. 
 
 (See Laws of New-Netherland, page 430.) 
 
 Petttion of the Magistrates of Wiltwyck foe a supply of powder and lead. 
 
 To their Honors, the Noble Director-General 
 and High Council of New-Netherland. 
 
 The Schout and Commissaries of the village of Wiltwyck request, that their Hon"'" Worships 
 will please to send by the bearer hereof, Albert Hymansen Roose one hundred pounds of powder 
 and two hundred pounds of lead, because we have only little of it on hand in case the times and 
 necessity should require it, for we find that the citizens have none, because there is none to be had 
 
232 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 here and if we should receive this supply, we will pay for it specially. In expectation of which 
 we remain 
 
 Wiltwych, Your Honors' obedient servants 
 
 ll"" Octbr 1662. The Schout and Commissaries. 
 
 That this is done in the name of the Commissaries attest your Honors undersigned obedient 
 and faithful servants Eoeloff Swartwout 
 
 AlERDT HeTMANSEN E.00SE. 
 
 Ordinance against selling grain at the Esopus by the unstamped measure, 
 PASSED 27^" November 1662. 
 
 (See Laws of New-Netherland, p. 431.) 
 
 Ordinance against receiving in pawn arms, clothing etc. belonging to soldiers 
 stationed at Wiltwyck, passed 27^" November 1662. 
 
 (Ibidem, page 432.) 
 
 Ordinance against making openings in the palisades at "Wiltwy'ck, 
 November 1662. 
 
 (Ibidem, page 433.) 
 
 Petition of the Magistrates of Bergen, asking to be provided with a clergyman. 
 
 To the Noble, Very Worsliipful, his Honor, the Director-General and the Honorable Council 
 of Neio-Netherland. 
 
 Show with due reverence the Schepens of the village of Bergen, that having observed and 
 considered the fatherly direction and care of your Hon''''' Worships in erecting churches and school- 
 houses, they request, that they may have a God fearing man and preacher, to be an example to 
 and teach the fear of God in the community of Bergen and its jurisdiction. The Schepens have 
 found it advisable, each for himself, to propose it, to learn what every man would be willing to 
 pay yearly of his free will, affection and love for God's holy and blessed word, to have a good 
 teacher, till such a time, when the Noble Lords-Directors of the Incorporated West-India Com- 
 pany shall begin, according to the custom of the country, to \^vy tithes. After the Schepens had 
 made these propositions, the below named persons have voluntarily declared, that they will give a 
 yearly contribution ; the sum to be paid by such voluntary offerings may be calculated at 417 
 guilders in wampum, but there are among these people some, who have expressed themselves will- 
 ing to do more according to their abilities if God our Lord would bless them and increase their 
 prosperity ; among the others, who stated no sum, there are some very willing, some very dull, 
 
York Historical Recon 
 
 233 
 
 those, who are willing, are the majority and declare, that when a preacher comes, they too would 
 do their best according to their circumstances, liije the others. Whereas the petitioners do not 
 know, whether the people of HaersimoTis* come under this jurisdiction ; therefore the petitioners 
 cannot report, what theywoidd do, but the Schepens find it advisable and very necessary, that the 
 village be pro\'ided with a preacher and submit to the mature consideration and decision of your 
 Hon'"'= "Worships, tliat it might be notified to the ISToble Lords-Directors, our Patroons, by the next 
 ships. Your Hon*"'' Worships know, with what courage the village of Bergen has been established 
 by the community and that the same has maintained itself at great expense to the inhabitants, with- 
 out any trouble to the Lords-Directors. The community is therefore of opinion, that their Noble 
 Honors should take that into consideration and therefore assist the callage of Bergen so much 
 readier according to their discretion and to send one over for one or two years at their expense ; 
 during that time the land will with God's help have increased in value, so that then that which 
 the good hearted community will liberally give, can be taken for assistance. Awaiting your 
 Hon""' Worships' decision hereon the petitioners remain 
 
 Your Noble, Honorable Worships' humble servants 
 
 Tielman van Neech 
 
 List of the voluntary contributors, 
 
 Tielman van Neeck 
 Michielsen Jansen 
 Harmen Smedeman 
 Casper Steinmets 
 Jan Schulten 
 Michiele Teunissen 
 Jan L^iVbersen 
 Dirck Gerritsen 
 Jacob Leendertsen 
 Jan the Englishman 
 Paulus Pietersen 
 Willem Jansen 
 Joost van Linden 
 Adrian Post 
 
 
 Serman Smedman 
 
 
 
 Casper Steinmets. 
 
 
 , with the 
 
 sum promised by each. 
 
 
 fl 50 
 
 Douwe Uarmens 
 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 Jacob Sergiant 
 
 8 
 
 25 
 
 Arent Louwrens 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 
 Jan Cornelis 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 Jan Cornelis d' ryech 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Thomas the cooper 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 Cm'nelis Abrahams 
 
 6 
 
 20 
 
 Claes Pietersen Cos of Gemoenepa 
 
 50 
 
 25 
 
 Evert Coertsen 
 
 13 
 
 G 
 
 Dirck Classen 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 
 Jan Loserechi 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 Gerrit Gen'itsen 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 Claes Arentsen 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 fl 417 
 
 List of those, who are willing, but give no specified sum, keeping it at their discretion. 
 
 Jan Swaen Lour ens Andries 
 
 Hendrick Teunissen Claesje Teiinisseji, the widow of Rmnein 
 
 Dirck Teunissen Teunissen 
 
 Engelbert Steenhuysen Eefused have 
 
 Widow Pieter Pudolphsen Tyes Lubbersen., Hendrick 
 
 Harmen Edwards Jansen Spyer, Frerick the cobbler. 
 
 Nicholas Varlet 
 
 Ahasimus. 
 
 30 
 
234 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Petition of Inhabitants of Bergen and Comunipaw against fencing in cer- 
 tain LANDS AND OKDEK THEREON. 
 
 To the Noble; Very Worsliipful their 
 Honor, the Director-General and Coun- 
 cil of New-Netherland. 
 
 Show with due reverence the inhabitants of the villages of Bergen and Gemoenepa, that they, 
 the petitioners, have seen, that the Schont van Vleeck, Caspar Steinmets and Harmen Smeeman 
 have fenced in a parcel of highland, sitiiate at the south end of the village enclosure, in the best 
 part of the pasture, which they appropriate to themselves : it is also said, that Mr. Nicholas Var- 
 leth desires a piece of highland, situate' at the north of the aforesaid village back of Hohoocken, 
 which, if it is done, would tend to the ruin and destruction of this village, because they would bo 
 entirely deprived of an outlet for their cattle and nothing but a marshy underwood would remain 
 to them, where already three or four animals have been smothered ; hence there would hardly be any 
 pasture left for the draught beasts, for the Mincqkaghoue people are also fencing in their land, 
 so that this village will be enclosed in a fence all round. They therefore respectfully request, that 
 your Hon"'" Worships will please to make some provision and guard the common interests of the 
 aforesaid village and of Gemoenepa. Awaiting hereupon your Hon''"' Worships' favorable decision 
 etc. 
 
 (Signed) Adolph Haedenbkooch, Adriaen Hendkick, Adriaen Post, Laidrens Andeiessen, 
 DiECK Geeeitsen, ^f the mark of Dieck Teunissen, Maghiel Jansen, Jan Scholten, Tomas 
 Feedeeicks, Douwe Haemensen, jf.TI the mark of Hendeick Teunnissen, -p- the mark of 
 Paulds Pieteesen, Haemen db Vos, "t:^ the mark of Jan Lubbeesen, y the mark of Egii- 
 bert Sandees, Baeeent Lott, A^ the mark of Claes Coeesen, Cheistiaen Pieteesen, C the 
 mark of Jan Swach, Jan Coenelissen, Engelbeet Steenhuysen. 
 
 It was answered : 
 
 The petitioners or a committee of them shall appear with Tielman van Vleeck, Casper Stein- 
 mets and Jlarinen Smeeman, mentioned in the foregoing petitions, personally before the Director- 
 General and Council. Date as above (28"" Decbr 1662.) 
 
 Summons of the Sheeiff and Magisteates of Bergen to ai^swee a complaint 
 made by Willem Jansen, the feeeyman. 
 28'" December 1662. 
 
 ^VlIereas Willem Jansen, ferryman at Bergen over \he North River, has informed us in a pe- 
 tition among other points, that Tielman van Vleeck the Schout and Engelbert Steenhuysen, Com- 
 missary in the aforesaid village, had told the community there, that every inhabitant of the place 
 could keep a barge and ferry over whom he pleased, therefore the said van Vleeck and Steenhuy- 
 sen are hereby ordered and directed to appear before their Honoi-s, the Director-General and 
 Council of New-Netherland, on next Court-day, to give an account of their action. Date as above. 
 
New Yovh Ilidorical liecurds. 235 
 
 Oeder foe the suevey of a c:ertain tuact of land in- Dispuin AT Bekgen. 
 4"> January 1663. 
 
 Pursuant to the appointment made the 2S^'' of December 1662 at the request of some inhabit- 
 ants of the vilhige of Bergen, Mkhiel Jansen, Ailriaen Post and Jan Scholtcn made their ap- 
 pearance as deputies of the said village on one side and Tielman ran Vleeck, Caspar Steinmets 
 and Ilarman Smeeman on the other side. 
 
 The said deputies state, that it would cause great damage to tlieir village, if the other party 
 continued with the fencing in of the high ground in question, granted to them 22'' X'" 1661. 
 
 The aforesaid van Vleeck and Company maintained on the other side, that no obstacle what- 
 ever could arise therefrom to the said village. 
 
 After hearing the parties, it was ordered, that the piece of land in dispute, granted to the said 
 van Vleeck upon his petition by the order of the 22'' December 1661, should be surveyed and that 
 the surveyor shall make a report of its situation and area to their Honors, the Director-General 
 and Council. After that directions will be given upon tlie petition. Date as above. 
 
 Oedee in the case of Willem Jansen, the Beegen fereyman, against the 
 ScHOUT VAN Vleeck. 
 
 Pursuant to the order of the 28^'' Decbr. Willem Jansen, ferryman at Bergen, appeared on 
 one side and the Schout van Vleeck and Engelhert Steenhuysen on the other ; the said ferryman 
 stating in his conjplaint, that the Schout vaii Vleeck and Engelhert Steenhuysen had given per- 
 mission to all and every one of the inhabitants there to carry over goods for others etc. 
 
 Whereupon the said Schout and his companion answered, that they had not done it without 
 reason, as the ferryman had refused to carry over. 
 
 The ferryman says, that he left nobody behind, except those who would not ]iay him etc. 
 
 After hearing the parties, the Schout was directed to assist the ferryman, that he may obtain 
 the ferriage earned by him and if he should forget himself and act unbecomingly, to report it to 
 the Director-General and Council, who will then issue such orders, as occasion may require. Date 
 as above (■I"' January 1663). 
 
 Letter from Thomas Chambees and other jhlitia officers to Dieectoe Stoy- 
 vesant, complaining that the civil magistrates of Wiltwyok had pulled 
 down an ordinance published by them. 
 
 Noble, Honorable, Very Worshipful, Wise, Prudent and Very Discreet Gentlemen, Honor- 
 able Director-General and Council of New-Netherland. 
 
 We, the undersigned militia officers of the village of Wiltwyck respectfully report to your 
 Hon"'" Worships, that on the 30^'' of May of last year we have been appointed officers of the militia 
 by the president of the Court for this village, Evert Pels, in the name of Director-General and 
 Council of New-Netherland, not knowing, whether this ajipointment was approved by the Director- 
 General and Council. After the savages have had several gatherings here with their kintc keying. 
 
236 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 while we did not know, what they might attempt, we have not dared to omit calling together the 
 people on the 1"' of January of this year and tried to keep good order to the best of our knowl- 
 edge ; we send herewith a copy of an ordinance passed by the militia officers, which we published 
 on the following day, the 2''. The Court here has been pleased to pull down the published ordi- 
 nance on the 9^'' without our knowledge and we do not know for what reason, but they have sum- 
 moned us on that account on the 13"' and we appeared, requesting them, that they would please 
 to put up again our ordinance. This they refused to do and we can therefore not carry out our 
 plan, to make use of it in time of need. The consequence is, that some people begin to banter 
 and say, that we publish ordinances to be pulled down by the Court. Therefore we respectfully 
 request your Hon"'" Worships to be sustained in this matter, else we shall not be able in time of 
 need to acquit ourselves of our duties. Awaiting your Hon''''^ Worships' further orders we remain 
 Actum in Your Noble, Honorable Worships' humble servants 
 
 Wiltwxjck Village, Thomas Chamhers 
 
 this IS"" of January 1663. Hendrich Jochemsen 
 
 Cornelis Barentsen Slecht 
 
 The mark ^^ of Pieter Jacobsen. 
 
 To the Noble, Honorable, Very Worshipful, Wise, Prudent, Very Discreet, their Honors, 
 the Director-General and Council of New-Netherland at Fort Amsterdam in New- 
 Paid. N etlie7-land. 
 
 Ordinance to be observed in time of need, made by the officers of the trainband. 
 
 1. Whoever appears for training at the appointed place of gathering without proper side and 
 handarms, powder and lead, shall be fined and pay the first time twelve guilders, the second time 
 double that sum and the third time he shall be punished according to the judgment of the Court- 
 martial. Everybody must be provided with at least ten charges of powder and lead in the car- 
 tridgebo.x besides his full side and handarms. 
 
 2. 
 
 Whoever does not appear unless excused or comes too late, shall pay a fine of two guilders ; 
 ■who remains away from contumacy or willfullness, without sufficient excuse, shall be fined and 
 corrected arbitrarily Ijy the Courtmartial in addition to the above fine of two guilders. 
 
 Sergeants, Corporals and Lancepesades, who are too late or remain away, shall pay a double 
 fine. 
 
 4. 
 
 In case of alarm or fire the members of the Captain's squad shall assemble at the place near 
 Barent Gerritsen, the brandy distiller, the members of the Lieutenant's squad near the wheel- 
 wright's Albert Oyshertsen, the third squad under Sergeant Pieter Jacobsen Molenaer at Hen- 
 drick JochemserCs, under a penalty of five and twenty guilders. 
 
 All officers are for1)idden to exchange with others, every one must appear personally under ; 
 penalty of four and twenty guilders. 
 
 i 
 
Neio York Historical Reconk. 237 
 
 6. 
 It is ordered, that ever}- one, who mounts guard or reports at the place of rendezvous, must 
 have his own side and handarms, under penalty of confiscation of the arms, which he may have 
 horrowed from another and he shall besides pay a fine of twelve guilders. 
 
 Nobody shall in being relieved from or mounting guard or marching, be allowed to load his 
 musket with ball, wadding or paper, nor to discharge it at any window, gable or weathervane 
 under a penalty of six guilders and reparation of the damage done ; but in discharging their mus- 
 kets, they shall raise it above man's height under a like penalty, to prevent thus all mishap. 
 
 8. 
 If anybody desires to remove from here to do his biisiness elsewhere, either at the Manhatans, 
 Fort Orange or some other place, he shall notify the Mustermaster of his departure, under a pen- 
 altv of twentv-five stivers. 
 
 ' ' 9. 
 
 Nobody shall be allowed to mount guard or appear at the rendezvous, while into.xicated, and 
 having reported nobody shall curse or swear or pi-ofane God's holy name and sacraments, under a 
 penalty of twenty-five guilders. 
 
 Thus enacted at the meeting of the Citizens' Council of War in the Village of Wiltwyck, the 
 first day of January Anno 1663. (Signed) Thomas Chambers, Hendrich Jocliemsen, the mark 
 ^ of Pieter Jacobsen, Cornelis Barentsen Slecht. 
 
 This was also published. 
 
 Everybody is hereby informed, that muskets, powder and lead may be bought at Wouter the 
 baker's and further, if no more is to be had at Wouter the baker's, people may come to the officers 
 of the trainband, who will inform them, where they may buy it for money. Done at Wiltunjck^ 
 
 the 2'' of January 
 
 (Signed) By order of the officers of 
 the trainbands of WiUwyck Village 
 
 Matheus Capito, Mustermaster. 
 
 Letter from the Magistrates of "WiLTWvrK to Director Stutvesant ; danger 
 of selling liquor to the Indians ; the new village ; reasons for disapproving 
 
 THE preceding ORDINANCE. 
 
 To the Noble, Vei-y Worshipful High 
 Council of the City of Amsterdam in 
 New-Netherland . 
 
 Show with proper salutations and wishes for every bodily and spiritual blessing both the 
 Commissaries of .the ^-illage of WUtwi/ek the good order and well being of this village so far. 
 The Almighty, the God of us all, may grant peace to this country, but it is to be feared, that 
 unless provisions are made for it, especially at this place, the abuse carried on here in the sale of 
 liquor to the savages will prevent it, for it has come quite in vogue now at the new village, so 
 that the savages have thrown each other into the fire and upon the report of it we incpiired and 
 
238 '{Jolonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 found at the house of Loweys Dubo, a Walloon living in the new village, half an anker of distilled 
 water, which had not been reported at this place and had been made by his father Mathew 
 Blanchart. For the reasons given before the court coniiscated it, because some mischief might 
 result from it. We request, that your Hon"'* Worships will please to assist us, that we may obtain 
 some orders for the welfare of this country, so that, if some one from the new village should 
 happen to purchase some wine or strong liquor, ho is to declare and pay the duties for it to the 
 Receiver Jacob Boerhans, for the liquor distilled here is not to the taste of the savages, which is 
 for the advantage of the savages and to the loss of the country and although the citizens do not 
 pay any attention, nevertheless through the declaration it can be ascertained, what liquors are 
 removed and whereto. It is the further i-equest to know, whether those, who are caught selling 
 liquor to the savages, shall be sent to the High Council in charge of his Honor the Fiscal or 
 whether this court may sentence them to the pecuniary fine, as fixed by law ; if so please to send 
 the placards regarding it. 
 
 A pint of smuggled brandy has been sold here for a schepel of wheat to and among them to 
 the great disadvantage of the inhabitants. We hope, that herein also some arrangements will 
 be made, one or two inns would be quite sufiicient and application ought first to be made to the 
 court to find out the fitness of the person. 
 
 The trainband has been under arms on New-Years Day and they were well entertained by 
 some citizens, but everything went well. Then the ofiicers met in Council of War and made some 
 ordinances for the regulation of the trainband containing ten articles, which they published by 
 affixing it without acknowledging the authority of any magistrate. The Magistrates therefore had 
 the placard pulled down on the 8"', to review them, and they saw in the eighth section, that no 
 one shall mount guard with a borrowed musket, else he shall forfeit it and pay a fine of 12 
 guilders. We, the Commissaries of WiltwycJc, disapprove this abuse of making ordinances and 
 request your Hou''"^ Worships' advice. Closing herewith we wish to your Very Worshipful High 
 Council a happy and peaceful New-Year and remain 
 
 Your Hon''"' Worships' obedient 
 Actum Wiltioych, servants 
 
 the 24"' of Januar}', The Commissaries of WiltwycJc, 
 
 Anno 1663. Eveet Pels 
 
 Tjekck Classen de Wrrr. 
 This is the mark y^ of Albert 
 Gysbektsen. 
 Which attests your Hon"'" Worships 
 always obedient servant 
 
 Roeloff Swaktwout 
 
 To the Valiant, Honorable High Council at their office in Neio- Amsterdam in New-Nether- 
 la/nd. 
 
 Nomination and appointment of Magisteates for Wiltwtck. 
 
 Conform to the ordinances and common custom, the Commissaries of the village of Wiltwyck 
 proposed at the election the below-named inhabitants of this village 
 
 Thomas Chambers Jan Aersen Smit 
 
 Mr. Gysbert van Imbroyh Ccnielis Barentsen Slecht. 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 239 
 
 The Commissaries await liereupon a short rescript from his Honor, tlie Director-General and 
 remain 
 
 Your Hon''"' Worsliips 
 Actum Wiltwyelc, faithful servants 
 
 the . . March A» 1663. Evert Pels 
 
 Alaerdt Hetmansen 
 Tjerck Classen de WiTr 
 This is the mark i^ of 
 
 Albert Gysbertsen 
 
 RoELOFF SwAKTWOUT. 
 
 Minute of Director Stuyvesant's visit at the Esopns. 
 
 His Honor the Director-General left here for the Iisoj)us on the 22'' of March and returned 
 oil the S"* of April. His Honor published there the following : 
 
 Ordinance for the perfecting of titles to land at Wiltwyck and for the 
 more speedy seitle.ment of the same. 
 (See Laws of New-Nethcrland, page 437.) 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Director Stutveb- 
 ant; they approve of the proposed English Colony on the Achter Cull: 
 WAR between the Mohawks and New- England and Nova Scotia ; necesstty 
 of the acquisition of the Mohawk country ; immense beaver trade of the 
 Senegas. (26"^ March 1663.) 
 
 Thus far in answer to the two letters, signed by the Director-General and Council and we 
 come now to Director Stuyvesanf s private letter, wherein we note above all the requests, made by 
 some of the English neighbors, for permission to settle in considerable numbers under the Com- 
 pany's jurisdiction back of Staten-Islomd on the Earitanh Kil ; we have likewise seen from the 
 enclosures, what your Honors have answered. We are well pleased with it, considering especially, 
 that it will serve us as a strong outpost against the Raritan and Wevesink savages. We could 
 have wished therefore, that the project had been carried out and every effort to have it continued 
 must be made. As we understand the matter, the principal obstacle was the appeal in criminal 
 and capital cases, as adultery, fornication and similar offenses, which they punish according to the 
 law and word of God ; we do not object so much against this principle, although the laws of our 
 Fatherland close their eyes to them, as against giving them absolute disposition of all criminal 
 cases without appeal to us, which right we do not like to surrender entirely ; however, in case 
 the coming in and settling at the aforesaid place by these people is of such an importance to our 
 nation there, then we would allow, to facilitate the matter, that in such offenses, where extra- 
 ordinary proceedings are taken and where consequently the crime is confessed, the appeal be 
 waived, but this cannot be allowed in cases of ordinary proceedings and where the testimony makes 
 
240 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 it dubious and uncertain, as your Honors will easily perceive; besides that their laws i7i punishing 
 such offenses are against the maxims of our Fatherland and should therefore only le practised 
 among their own people and not on such of ours, who should happen to settle among them. Tour 
 Honors will do well to insist upon this point in further negotiations with them, but only so far, 
 that the project may not be hiiulered in its progress. Your Honors are therefore hereby author- 
 ized to treat upon this matter with the English people in such a manner, as shall be found most 
 advantageous for the welfare of this State and its inhabitants. 
 
 The dissatisfaction of our English neighbors in New-England and Nova Scotia with the 
 Maquaes savages and the consequences likely to arise therefrom, in case they should attack each 
 other and the Maquaes should be vanquished, together with the speculations on such events, arc 
 well understood by us and we can therefore easily fall in with your Honors' advice and opinions, 
 which consist principally in that we ought to try to persuade the Maquaes by all possible means, 
 that they give the English the satisfaction, demanded by them, even though some goods and mer- 
 chandises must be sacrificed for it, provided that by saich an occasion the Maquaes country could 
 be acquired for and conveyed as property to the Company, whereby the English and other neigh- 
 bors could be prevented and estopped from the great beaver trade, which our people carry on 
 there with the SinneJcus savages. If the dissatisfaction and the probability of aggressive move- 
 ments between the English and the savages continue, which we do not believe, anyway not hope, 
 yom' Honors must carry this out and these lines may serve as rules. 
 
 Appointment of Magistrates for Wiltwyck. 
 5'" of April 1663, Thursday. 
 
 Present in Council the Hon''"' Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant and Councillors Nicasius 
 de Sille and Johan de Declcere. 
 
 The Director-General and Council took up and read the nomination made and sent in by the 
 Schout and Commissaries of the village of WiltwycTc on the Esopus and from the nominees 
 selected and confirmed as Commissioners there 
 Thomas Chambers 
 Gysbert van Imburgh 
 Actum at Fort Amsterdam in Neio-Netherland. Date as above. 
 
 Deed to Hendrick Cornelissen from Holstein for land at Esopus. 
 
 Petrus Stuyvesant, Director-General of New-Netherland etc etc. and the Council testify and 
 declare, that we have on this day, date underwritten, given and granted to Hendrick Cornelissen 
 from Holstein, a piece of laud situate at the Esopus in the village of WiltiuycJc, bounded on the 
 East by the Kil, on the West and South by the meadows lying under the village, containing in 
 these bounds between the Kil and the meadows two morgens and five hundred and sixty rods. 
 Under the express condition, that he, Hendrick Cornelissen, or his heirs and assigns shall acknowl- 
 
New Yarh Historical lieconh. 241 
 
 edge the aforesaid Lords-Directors as his Mastei's and Patrons uiider the sovereignty of their Iligli : 
 Miglit: the Lords States-General of the United Netlierlands and obey their Director-General and 
 Council here in every respect, as it is the duty of all good inhabitants; also that he further shall 
 agree to pay after the expiration of ten years from the date hereof a tithe for the benefit of the 
 Lords-Patroons and such other taxes and imposts, as shall be deemed necessary to levy upon all 
 inhabitants for the revenues of the country. We constitute the said Ilendrick Cornelisse7i here- 
 with as the real and actual owner of the aforesaid parcel of land in our stead and place and give 
 him full power, authority and special charge, to cultivate, take possession and make use of the 
 said parcel, as he would do with his other lawful property, without retaining for us, in our quality 
 as aforesaid, any claim or pretense thereon, but relincplishing the same for ever, promising further 
 to keep this conveyance inviolably and to carry it out according to law and equity and sign it with- 
 out subterfuge or reservation, affixing thereto our seal in red wax. Actum I'ort Amsterdam, in 
 N. Netherland April 25'" 16G3. 
 
 P. Stuyvesant. 
 P>y order: C. v. Ruyven, Seer''. 
 
 Herewith we grant to Ilendrich Cornelissen from Jlolstehi, or his heirs and assigns besides 
 the land granted and given in the foregoing patent and on the same conditions another small par- 
 cel of land situate at the Esopus contiguous to the parcel described above containing together with 
 the swamp, meadow etc about six raorgens. 
 
 Fort Amsterdam in N. Netherland, the 7"' !)'"■ 10G3. 
 
 P. Stuyvesant. 
 By order : C. v. Ruyven, Seer*'. 
 
 PETrnoN OF CoRNELis Baeentsen Slecht for a grant of certain lands at the 
 Esopus and order thereon. 
 
 To the Noble, Honorable, Very Worship- 
 ful, Wise, Prudent and Very Discreet, 
 their Honors the Director-General and 
 Council of New- Netherland. 
 
 Humbly shows with due reverence the undersigned Cornells Barentsen Slecht, an inhabitant 
 of the village of WiltwycJc, that your Hon'"''' Worships have graciously granted and given nie host 
 autumn a certain parcel of land at the Esopus, lying near the Nevj Dorp (new village)*, which said 
 piece of land is really good soil, but too far for my convenience and as we are now old people, we 
 would prefer living near to the church, the more so as my wife is the midwife for the village of 
 Wiltwyck. I therefore humbly and respectfully request, that your Hon"'" Worships will graciously 
 give and grant me as my own the remainder of the lands, which are laid out for Thomas Cham- 
 bers to complete his number of acres out of the land, formerly bought by me from the savages, 
 for which I have been obliged to pay the tax to build the minister's house : a little piece of land 
 is lying close to it, called in the savage tongue Wichquanis. I would like to get during the year 
 out of this remainder of the land, bought by me, my subsistence for next winter by breaking and 
 
 * Now Hurley.— Ed. 
 31 
 
242 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 cultivating it and from the other piece of land, called Wichquanis, the hay and fodder for my 
 cattle. If your Hon'''* Worships should be pleased to grant me for the benetit and advantage of 
 my children the aforesaid piece of land lying near the new village on the Esopus, then I would 
 accept it gratefully, while I have no doubt, that your Hon""* Worships will please to grant me the 
 foregoing petition, whereupon awaiting your Hon'"''' Worships' decision I remain 
 Actum Wiltwyck, Your Honorable Worships' servant, 
 
 this 31"' of March 1663. Coknelis Bakentsen Slecht. 
 
 The foregoing petition was taken up and read and after the question liad been put, it was 
 ordered. 
 
 That disposition shall be made of the aforesaid land, as requested in the petition, after tlie 
 same has been surveyed and a report made by the surveyor. Actum at Fort Amsterdam in Neio- 
 Netherland, the 12'" of April 1663. 
 
 Taking up again the preceding order, it was decided to direct Thomas Chamhers and he is 
 hereby directed, not to take possession of or use the land, petitioned for by petitioner, without 
 our special order and consent. On the 19"" of April 1663. 
 
 Petition of the Overseers of the new village on the Esopus, praying that 
 measures may be adopted to pacify the indians and a military' force be 
 sent for protection against them. 
 
 To the Noble, Honorable, Very Worship- 
 ful Director-General and Council of New- 
 Netherland. 
 
 Show with great humility your Hon''"'' Worships' petitioners, the Overseers lately appointed 
 by his Honor, the Director-General, for the early fencing and enclosing of the newly made village 
 and lands on the Esopus, the progress of which they, as interested parties, desire sincerely and 
 would like to see promoted, that they have repeatedly considered the threats of the savages, who 
 say, that they are willing to allow the erection of buildings, but that no fortification must be made, 
 which, if it should be done, would show that we had evil intentions ; these barbarians say also, 
 that the second large piece of land was not included in the treaty of peace made with them in the 
 year 1660 and they will therefore not allow, that we should plough and sow it nor that our cattle 
 and horses shall pasture upon it, before they are not paid for it. Your Hon"''" Worships' petition- 
 ers are therefore compelled to address themselves to your Hon*"'' Worships and to petition tiiem 
 most humbly, that your Plon"'" Worships will, as before this in the cases of Wiltwyck, Neio-IIar- 
 lem, New- Utrecht and other places of less dangerous location and less consequence, also graciously 
 please to assist this new place and village with a few soldiers and ammunition of war, at least un- 
 til the settlement has been put into a proper state of defense and inliabited by a good number of 
 people. We also request, that the gifts promised last autumn, when his Honor the Director- 
 General and the Secretary were here, may be given to the savages and that they receive some 
 satisfaction for the second large tract of land, so that your Hon*"'" Worships' liumble petitioners 
 and faithful subjects may remain without fear and molestations from these barbarous people and 
 with some assurance for the peaceful, undisturbed and unhindered continuation of the work just 
 
New Yorh Hidorical Records. 243 
 
 begun, for if rumors and warnings may be believed, it would be too anxious, if not too dangerous 
 an undertaking for your Hon"'* Worships' humble petitioners and faithful suhjeets to continue and 
 advance their work otherwise. Awaiting hereupon your Hon""' Worships' favorable decision we 
 are and remain bound to pray to God for your Hon"'" Worships' good liealtii and praisewortliy 
 administration and rest 
 
 Your Honorable Worships' 
 Actum Wntwyeky humble petitioners and faith- 
 
 the 7'" of April ful servants 
 
 A" 1663. Alaerdt Heymansen Roose 
 
 Jan Joosten 
 The mark ^ of 
 
 Jan Geeketsen. 
 
 Petition of the proprietors of tue new village to the same effect as the 
 preceding and for free passage to the new village throdgh wiltwyck, 
 which the latter now refuse. 
 
 This petition is word for word the same as the preceding, except the following addition at the close : 
 
 We also request, whereas there is no convenient place in tlie settlement to cultivate garden- 
 fruits, the fields being too far and inconvenient, that to each of the petitioners a convenient lot 
 may be granted for a garden in the lowland on the Kil, also that they may pass and repass free 
 and unmolested, without hindrance or obstacle with their cattle, baggage, wine, beer and other 
 effects to and from the strand through the village of WUtwyck, for the W'dtwyck people have 
 already dared to make a search in t!ie aforesaid new village. Awaiting hereupon your Hon"'" 
 Worships' favorable decision etc" as above. 
 
 Beverwyc^, Your Hon"'" Worships humble 
 
 tlie XXMI April })etitioner8 and faithful servants. 
 
 A" 1663. VoLCKERT Jansen* 
 
 PniLipp PiETERSEN Schuyler. 
 
 Jan Thomas. 
 
 GOOSEN GEKRETSENf. 
 
 Tlio lO'" of May 1663. 
 
 The foregoing petitions were taken up in Council and read and it was resolved, that to pre- 
 serve the peace a considerable present should be made to the Esopus savages at the first oppor- 
 tunity, to wit, three or four pieces of duffels, some muskets, powder, lead and some mercer's or 
 Nnremhergh wares. Actum at Fo7't Amsterdam in New-Neiherland on the 10"" of May A" 1663. 
 
 P. Stuyvesant. 
 
 NlCASIUS DE SiLLE. 
 * Douw. t Van Schaick. 
 
244 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Letter from Director Stuyvesant to (Yice-Dikectoe La Montagne at Fort 
 Orange) ; a surveyor goes to subvey and lay otrr lots on the Great Mo- 
 hawk Flat (Schenectady) ; a pledge to be signed by settlers, before they 
 
 CAN obtain lots. 
 
 Honorable, Dear, Faithful Sir. 
 
 Your Honor's favor without date has been duly received by us and we have seen from it, 
 how far the proceedings against the fugitive delinquent Andries Ilerbertsen have progressed. 
 Your Honor will please to send over by first chance the officer's complaint and the proofs and 
 documents relating to it, that we may make use of it and decide upon according to the circum- 
 stances of the case, as it shall be found necessary. 
 
 Your Honor will learn from the enclosed extract, who has been selected and confirmed by us 
 as Commissaries there for the ensuing year in place of the outgoing officers. 
 
 Your Honor is hei-eby authorized to discharge the outgoing Commissaries with proper 
 acknowledgments for their past services and to instal the new ones after they have taken the oath 
 and to inform the citizens thereof. 
 
 The enclosed ordinances must be published by your Honor immediately after receiving them 
 and affi.xed at the usual place, so that nobody may have reason to plead ignorance in this regard. 
 
 Upon the request of some friends there the swoiTi surveyor Jacques Corteljau, comes up now, 
 to survey and lay out the well known Great Flat, but as we have been informed from another side, 
 that a few new beginners have taken the liberty to sell strong liquor to the savages there, contrary 
 to our express order of the G"' of April 1602, wliich we again send herewith for your Honor's 
 information and observation, we have directed the said CorteJjou, not to survey any land for any 
 one, unless he signs previously in presence of the Commissary and two deputies the enclosed 
 pledge ; the pledge signed and a report thereof made by your Honor to the surveyor, the same 
 shall survey and lay out the land. 9"" May 1G63. 
 
 We, the undersigned proprietors of land on the Flat, called promise here- 
 with that we shall have no dealings with the savages, whatever name they may have, on the said 
 Flat or thereabouts nor will we permit them under any pretext soever, neither directly nor indi- 
 rectly, under penalty, that, if we or one of us should hereafter happen to forget this our promise, 
 we shall pay as fine without any resistance whatever the first time fifty beavers, the second time 
 one hundred and the third time forfeit the land allotted to and obtained by us on the aforesaid 
 Flat. This we attest by our signatures at Fort Orange the Anno 1663. 
 
 Extract from a letter of Vice-Director La Montagne to Dieectoe Stuyve- 
 sant; the settlers on the Great Flat (Schenectady) refuse to sign the 
 above pledge. lO^" May 1663. 
 
 As to the proprietors of land on the Great Flat, we sent upon receipt of the aforesaid letter 
 an express messenger thither, to warn them of the surveyor's arrival and that they must come to 
 F&rt Orange, pursuant to your Hon*"* "Worship's order, to sign the i>ledge. They refused this and 
 sent a written answer, which we send herewith and to whicli we refer. 
 
 I 
 
Jiew York Historical liecords. 245 
 
 Letter from the Magistrates at Wiltwyck to Director Stuyvesant; massacre 
 
 AT THE ESOPUS ; THE VILLAGE DESTROYED. 
 
 Noble, Honorable, Very Worshipful, Wise, Prudent and Veiy Discreet Gentlemen. 
 Tour Hon"'" Worships' favor of the 30'" of May last has been duly received by us on the 4"' 
 of June and we have according to your Hon"'^ Worships' order contained therein, informed the 
 Sachems of your Hon""' Worships' opinion on the 5"'. Ou the 7'" following an unexpected, sud- 
 den attack was made by them and pitiful, lamentable murders and arson has been committed by 
 them against us. They took a good time to strike, for the village was almost bared of men, who 
 were pursuing their necessary occupations in the fields. They have burned 12 dwelling-houses in 
 our village, murdered 18 persons, men, women and children and carried away as prisonei-s 10 per- 
 sons more. The new village has been burned to the ground and its inhabitants are mostly taken 
 prisoners or killed, only a few of them have come safely to this place, so that we find about 65 
 persons to be missing in general, either killed or captured, besides these 9 persons in our village 
 are severely wounded. We are compelled to inform your Hon"'" Worships hereof, your Hon"'° 
 Worships may judge in what misery and need we are. We doubt not, your Honors' utmost pity 
 shall be extended to us and we will speedily be succored by soldiers, with ammunition and cloth- 
 ing, for the inhabitants have been mostly robbed of it and are almost naked in consequence of the 
 fire and the robberies. Eelying hereupon we will in the meantime do our duty for the preserva- 
 tion of ourselves. We commend your Honors to God's protection and remain 
 
 Your Honorable Worships' obedient and faithful servants 
 Actum in Wiltwyck, Tjerck Classen de Witt. 
 
 this 10'" of Jime 1GC3. Thomas Chambers 
 
 Gysbert van Imbkogh. 
 
 KoELOFF SwARTWOUT 
 
 your Honors' faithful Schout. 
 
 List of the soldiers and settlers, killed, wounded or taken prisoners by the 
 Indians at Wiltwyck on the 7'''' of June 1663. 
 
 Men. 
 Barent Gerretsen murdered in front of his house. 
 
 Jan Alberts " in his house. 
 
 Lichten Dirrick " on the farm. 
 
 WiUem Jansen Seba " before his door. 
 
 Willem Jansen Hap " in Pieter van HaeVs house. 
 
 Jan the Smith " in his house. 
 
 Hendrick Jansen Looman " on the fai-m. 
 
 Thomas Chanibers' negro " on the farm. 
 
 Hey Olferts " in the gunner's house. 
 
 Soldiers. 
 Hendrick Martensen on the farm. 
 
 Dominicus in Ja7i Alberts' house. 
 
 Christiaen Andriesen on the street. 
 
246 
 
 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Women. 
 Lichteii DirrecKs wife burnt, with her lost fruit, behind Barent GerritserCs house. 
 Hattys Capites wife killed and burnt in the house. 
 Jan Alhertsen's wife, big with child, killed in front of her house. 
 Pieter van HaeUs wife shot and burnt in her house. 
 
 Children. 
 Jan AJherts' little girl murdered with her mother. 
 Willem Map's child burnt alive in the house. 
 
 Taken Prisoners. 
 Master CrysherVs wife. Hester DoxLwes. 
 Sara the daughter of Hester Douwes. 
 Grietje, Domraelaer's wife. 
 Femmetje, sister of Hilletje, being recently married to Joost Ariaens. 
 
 Children. 
 Tjerck Claessen de Witt's oldest daughter. 
 Dommelaer's child. 
 Ariaen Gerritsen! s daughter. 
 Two little boys of Mattys Roeloffsen. 
 
 Killed in the New Village : 
 Men. 
 Marten Harmensen found dead and stript naked behind the wagon. 
 Jacques Tyssen beside Barents house. 
 Derrick Ariaensen shot on his horse. 
 
 Taken prisoners : 
 Men. 
 
 Ja7i Gerritsen on Yolckerfs bouwery. 
 
 Of Louwis du hois 
 
 Of Mattheu hlanchan ... . 
 
 Of Antoni Crupel 
 
 Of Lambert Huyhertscn . . 
 Of Marten Harmensen . . 
 
 Of Jan Joosten 
 
 Of Bare?it Harmensen. . . 
 Of Grietje Westercamp . . 
 
 Of Jan Barents 
 
 Of Miehiel Ferre 
 
 Of Henderick Jochems . . . 
 Of Henderick Martensen. 
 Of Albert Heymans 
 
 Women. 
 1 
 
 Childr 
 3 
 
 Women 8 Ch'n 26 
 
Neiv Yorh lliiitoncal Hecords. 247 
 
 Houses burnt in Wtltwye'k. 
 
 Of 2Ilchid Ferre. 1 Of Hans Carolusen 1 
 
 Of Willem Eap 1 Of Pleter van Ilael 1 
 
 Of Mattys Eoeloffsen 1 Of Jacob Boerhans 2 
 
 Of Albert Gerretsen 1 Of Barent Gerretsen 2 
 
 Of Lichten Diirick 1 Of Mattys 1 
 
 Houses 12 
 Tlie new village is entirely destroyed except a new uncovered bani, one rick and a little stack 
 ced. 
 
 "Wounded in Wiliwyek 
 Thomas Chambers shot in the woods. 
 
 Henderick Jochemsen " in his house. 
 
 Michiel Ferre " in front of his house. 
 
 Albert Gerretsen " in front of his house. 
 
 Andries Barents " in front of Ids house. 
 
 Jan du parcJc " in the house of Aert Pietersen Tacl\ 
 
 Henderick the Director-General's servant in the street in front of Aert Jacobsen. 
 Paulus the Noorman in the street. 
 
 Petition of Christopher Davids for permission to re-enter on land on the Eso- 
 pcs, from which he had been driven bv the Indians. 
 
 Monday, the ll"" of June 1663. 
 
 Present in Council his Honor, the Director-General Petriis Stuyvesant and tlie Honorable 
 
 Councillors Nicasius de S'dle and Johan de Deckere. 
 
 To the Noble, Very Worshipful, the Hon 
 orable Director-General and Council of 
 New-Netherland. 
 
 Sliows with great reverence Christoffel Davids, that the Commissary and Vice-Director Jo- 
 hannes Dyckman granted to petitioner in the year 1653 a parcel of land measuring about live or 
 six morgens, situate on the Esopus and that this grant was approved by your non"'" Worships, 
 as may be seen by the records. This parcel of land has been inhabited and cultivated until the 
 time, when the savages began their war against the Christians ; then petitioner's dwelling on the 
 said land was burned by the savages and he was compelled to fly with wife and children, to save 
 their lives, and to abandon everything: since that time he has very poorly subsisted himself and 
 family on a sterile, scanty place in a barkiiouse and whereas petitioner cannot support and pro- 
 vide tor his family there, he addresses himself to your Hon'''' Worships with the humble request, 
 that your Hon''''= Worships will out of commiseration allow and grant to petitioner to take again 
 possession of the aforesaid piece of land, to inhabit, cultivate and plant it and that a title-deed for 
 the same may be issued to petitioner in com muni forma, doing which he remains etc 
 
 Your Hon'''" Worshi])s' humble servant 
 In my husband's name 
 
 Maria Meertens. 
 
248 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 The foregoiug petition having been read and the question put, it was ordered, 
 That petitioner has to govern himself according to the judgment pronounced against liira on 
 the Q"" June 1659. Date as above. 
 
 ClECULAES TO THK TOWNS AROUND NeW-AmSTERDAM, NOTIFYING TIIEM OF THE EsOPUS MASSACRE. 
 
 Worthy good friends. 
 
 We have just been informed by a letter from the Esopus, that the savages have suddenly 
 attacked our people there, burnt some houses and killed and captured a number of people. You 
 are therefore hereby requested and directed to be on your guard and to keep good watch, not 
 doubting which I remain 
 
 Fort Amsterdam in N. N. Your friend 
 
 the 12"' of June 1663. C. v. Ruyven. 
 
 A letter of the foregoing contents has been sent to all the neighboring villages. 
 
 Worthy, good friends. 
 
 This is to inform you, that according to trustworthy reports the neighboring savages have had 
 no part in the Esopus affair, but they desire to continue in peace with us, upon which we thor- 
 oughly rely, because they have been already scared by the Sinnekus, who long ago have threat- 
 ened to make war upon them and therefore they will not draw two enemies upon themselves at the 
 same time. Hence we cannot believe, that they will molest ns, but in the meantime we will 
 nevertheless recommend you to be on your guard and keep good watch. If you do this, you need 
 not fear, with God's assistance, any danger from their side. For greater safety we send herewith 
 two soldiers and commending you to God's protection we remain with greetings 
 Actum Fort Amsterdam Your good friends 
 
 in New-Neiherland, the Nicasius de Sille 
 
 15'" June 1663. C. v. Kuyven. 
 
 The foregoing letter was sent to the people on Stateii-Island. 
 
 Instruction for the Magistrates and military officers at Wiltwyck. 
 
 Provisional orders, by which the Commissaries, the officers of the trainband and the Com- 
 mander of the military have to govern themselves. 
 
 First they shall keep on a good footing with each other and live in harmony and take no steps, 
 except sanctioned by the majority and if time allows it, recorded in the book. 
 
 2. 
 Whatever they decide upon by a majority of votes, the community shall be held to carry out 
 promptly, recusant parties shall be arrested immediately and either be punished or sent off by next 
 chance. 
 
 3. 
 
 They shall immediately with the assistance of the community and the Company's officers 
 repair the palisades around this stronghold and close all gates, except the two sally-ports and the 
 cattle-drift. 
 
New York Historical liecords. 249 
 
 4. 
 Thoy must not go far oil into the woods in small parties, Imt take good care, that of the few 
 jioople left no more are killed or taken ])risoiiers. 
 
 5. 
 Whenever they decide, to send out a party either to look for and save their cattle or to con- 
 vey something to the strand, it is left to their own discretion [how to do it], but a few men on 
 horseback must always keep near them, so that they may capture some savages, but until further 
 orders and succor are received, in no case must they leave the high woods or the open field and 
 go into some underwood, narrow passages or defiles, even though they might see or hear there 
 some savages, that they may not be deceived and taken in by an ambush or treachery of the savages. 
 
 C. 
 In order to induce the freemen as well as the servants of the Company to do their duty, they 
 are hereby promised, that as soon as delivered from this trouble, they shall receive a fair coinjjen- 
 sation, to be decided by impartial men, for the horses, which might be killed in the military service 
 or in an attack ; all free people, who may have been wounded or maimed in an aggressive attack 
 or in the defense of this place shall be cured at the public expense and in case of mutilation receive 
 such relief, as if they were Company's servants. 
 
 7. 
 Until further orders the following persons are hereby appointed to deliberate and decide upon 
 what has been stated above and what else may be necessary, namely the Commander of the mili- 
 tary company, Christiaen Niesscn, Thomas Ghanibevs, one of the Commissaries and Captain of 
 the trainband, further the Schout and the three Commissaries together with the Lieuteuant of the 
 trainband lleixdrick Jochemsen. Whatever these may decide upon and project and carry out for 
 the welfare of the community shall be considered by us, that it was well and maturely weighed 
 and considered and resolved upon and carried out either unanimously or by majority of voices. 
 The inhabitants are hereby commanded and directed to obey them and execute their orders. Thus 
 done in haste at the village of Wiltwyck the 14"' of June 1663. 
 
 P. Stuyvesant. 
 
 At the request of the Court his Honor the Director-General has consented, that Matheus 
 Capito may serve as Secretary here and directed us to record it. 
 
 lu presence of the Commissaries 
 
 Witness Roeloff ISwAm'wouT. 
 
 Letter from Director Stovvesant to the Magistrates at Fort Orange ; 
 affairs at the esopds. 
 
 Honorable, Dear, Faithful Friends. 
 
 The murderous deeds committed by the barbarians on so many men, women and children 
 
 at the Eso2)ua, they having killed, wounded and captured about six or eight and seventy persons 
 
 according to the list handed to bearer, was first communicated to me by your Honors' messenger, 
 
 for the previously dispatched three yachts have missed me coming up in the night from Tuesday 
 
 32 
 
250 Colonial Settlements on tlie Hudson River. 
 
 to "Wednesday. I arrived in the village of Wiltwyck at about 6 o'clock and after having issued 
 some orders suitable to the time and circumstances and seeing that I could do nothing for the 
 service or advantage of the community or of the place, I resolved with some of our friends there 
 to come and visit your Honors, to see whether the forty-five captured women and children 
 cannot be ransomed with the assistance of either the Maquas or the Sinnekus. It was my fixed 
 intention to go up river only for this purpose, but when I came to the strand I did not find 
 there the yacht of Claes Bordingh nor that of does Tyssen, which I had sent off upon my 
 arrival at the Esopus after Claes Bordingh, who had sailed from the Manhatans about an hour 
 or an hour and a half after me, and was still missing much to our fear, as he had only a small 
 crew, who might have run away. This not only made me resolve, but in fact compelled me to 
 give up my intention of visiting your Honors, to make some arrangements tliere, and deliberate 
 the best means with our friends ; in going down the river .... Long reach upon Claes 
 
 Bordingh .... the fourth tide having now run down this 
 
 increased my cares and anxieties regarding a surprise, whereto in the meantime came my very 
 uneasy thoughts that the first three yachts having missed me and bringing the pitiful tidings to 
 the Manhatans, would throw everything into dismay there and cause much anxiety and care for 
 the yacht, its cargo and the small crew, which I had with me and whereas the necessary relief 
 for the afflicted people on the Esopus must have been on its way from the Manhatans and as 
 according to the report of your Honor's messenger, many volunteers, who to the number of 50 
 or 60 had offered themselves were by your Honors' measures prevented and held back from 
 assisting their friends at the Esopus, therefore I was the more obliged to change my first plan 
 and to go with Claes Tyssen's yacht and some of the men, sent by your Honors, to the Man- 
 hatans, to make there arrangements as well for relief as for protection. This letter is only to 
 inform your Honors hereof and to recommend further very earnestly, that your Honors will 
 do everything possible to induce the Maquas and Senecas to help us get the poor women and 
 children out of the hands of the barbarians. For this purpose we send your Honors the articles 
 of the peace made with the Esopus savages, which they have broken so murderously and villain- 
 ously. Your Honors must further have as good a care of the safety of those places and the 
 surrounding bouweries as possible and as we are informed, that Fort Orange is bared of soldiers 
 and destitute of proper means of defense and hard to repair, we would consider it advisable, that 
 the Company's stonebuilding only be fortified and all miserable huts be broken off with the least 
 expense and the greatest speed, which we leave to your Honors' better experience and discretion. 
 Your Honors will have been taught, I trust, by the example of the Esopus not to rely on any 
 savage and not to let them come into their houses in large numbers, much less provide them with 
 strong liquor or ammunition of war, except for saving and ransoming the captive women and 
 children, for which end every possible exertion must be made. Henceforth no yacht must sail up 
 or down the i-iver by itself, unless well manned, to prevent possible surprises or at least troubles 
 and they must on their up and down voyages call at the Esopus, to get news now and then, by 
 which we may govern ourselves. Your Honors will send there one hundred pounds of fine gun 
 powder by the first sailing yacht, I have pi-ovided them pretty well with coarse powder and lead ; 
 this is written in haste on board the Jersman's yacht and as I have no time to copy it or have 
 it copied, your Honors are requested to send down a copy hereof by first chance, that we may 
 make use of it, when necessary and with my cordial greetings I comniend your Honors to the 
 protection of the All-good God. 
 
 Actum 15"" Jime 1663. Your affectionate friend 
 
 in the Long reach P. Stuyvesant. 
 
Neiv Yoi-h Historical lu-cords. 251 
 
 As I liave left one half of the soldiers, sent down, at the Fxopm and taken the other three 
 to protect C'laes Tj/fiseii'S yacht, your Honors are hereby authorized to enlist others for the main- 
 tenance of justice and the safety of the place, if they can be engaged at a fair monthly pay. 
 
 To the Honorable Members of the Courts for the village of Beaverwyck and Colony 
 Jlenselaerswyek. 
 
 Letter from the Magistrates at Wiltwyck to Director Stuyvesant ; report 
 
 ON THE progress OF AFFAIRS. 
 
 Noble, Honorable, Very Worshipful, Wise, Prudent and Very Discreet Gentlemen, Hon- 
 oral)le Director-General and Council of New-Netlierland. 
 
 Your Hon''" Worships' favor of the 15"' of June has been received by the undersigned to- 
 day and we have ■well understood its contents, which we shall carry out as far as possible with the 
 Lord's help. We send herewith according to your Hon"'" Worships' order the desired three copies, 
 informing your Hon'''" Worships further, that we ha\'e lost to-day Michiel Fen-e, one of the 
 wounded, and yesterday a soldier has been wounded near the redoubt, while fetching water; 
 otherwise we are still in the same situation, except that the savages rove all around the fort and 
 show themselves occasionally. We request liumbly and earnestly, that your Hon*'" Worships will 
 remember, to send saddles and bridles, pistols and saddle bags, because they can be of great 
 service to us. We thank your Hon''''' Worships for the present assistance and trust that your 
 Hon"'" Worships will continue in their help by further succor, that we may above all harvest our 
 grain with safety, if the Lord God will let the same prosper on our fields and take care of it and 
 that we may carry on farming in greater peace after the pui-suit and defeat of the savages, which, 
 we trust in God, will be done. In the meantime we shall do our best, as the opportunity for it 
 may offer remaining 
 
 Your Honorable Worships' 
 Actum at Wiltwyck, humble and very obedient servants, 
 
 the 16"" of June 1663. The mark ^ A^ of Albert Gysbertsen. 
 
 Tjerck Classen de Witt 
 Thomas Chambers 
 Present Roeloff SwaHwotit, Gysbert van Imbrough 
 
 Christian Niessen 
 Hendrick Jochemsen. 
 
 Resolution to make war on the Esopus Indians and to employ the Mohawks 
 
 IN THE recovery OF THE CAPTIVE WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 
 
 The Director-General and Council of New-Nethcrland repeatedly and sci-iously considered 
 the bad situation of the country, caused by the treacherous attack upon and massjicre of the 
 inhabitants of the village of Wiltwyck and of the new settlement in that neighborhood by the 
 Esopus 
 
252 Colonial Settlements an the Hudson River. 
 
 The following important points connected with this subject came up for discussion, viz. : 
 whether to resent the injuries immediately by force of arms, which was thought necessary for the 
 reputation of the country and of the Christian nations, but tlie Director-General and Council found 
 their hands bound, because about 45 captured women and children and one man were prisoners 
 among the barbarians ; or whether and how to get these prisoners first out of their hands, whether 
 it should be a direct attack, which could not be made and carried out so quickly and secretly, 
 that the barbarians would not receive information of it and then without doubt they would 
 murder all their prisoners to the extreme sorrow of the parents and kindred and consequent blame 
 of the Director-General and Council, unless they first made attempts and endeavors to release 
 them by ransom. Concerning the ransoming them from the barbarians, it had to be considered, 
 that it could not be effected without great presents and *an excessive ransom and doiibtless not 
 without stipulating for a third or fourth uncertain peace, each time broken by the savages and 
 dishonest men and it was to be feared that the new peace would also be broken again under this 
 or that trumped up pretext. 
 
 After having discussed all these points pro et contra, the Director-General and Council re- 
 solve for the safety of the country and its good inhabitants, not to make peace with the deceitful 
 and treacherous nation, but to revenge with the help and blessing of God these and all former 
 injuries by force of arms, to enlist the earlier the better for that purpose here and elsewhere, 
 wherever they can be got, as many soldiers as shall be found necessary and required ; to request 
 in the meantime the Maquaes to release and ransom our unhappy captives, if by offering to them 
 a suitable present they might get the said prisoners out of the hands of the Esopus savages and to 
 advise the husbands, parents and relations of the abovementioned women and children, that each 
 of them do his best to ransom his people without knowledge of the Director-General and Council 
 and all will be assisted secretly with some merchandises. Actum Fort Amsterdain in New- 
 Betherland, the 17'" of June 1663. 
 
 Appointment of Commission ees to fortify Commcnipaw. 
 Monday, the 18'" of June 1663. 
 
 Present in Council their Honors Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant and Councillor Nicasius 
 de SiMe. 
 
 They listened to the verbal request of Ilarmen Svieeman, Nicholas Backer and Fytje Har- 
 msrhs, "Widow of Michiel Jansen, to enclose in consideration of these dangerous times their settle- 
 ment at Gemoenepa with long palisades for the safety of their houses and barns and that for this 
 purpose one as well as the other should be compelled to contribute pro rata. The Director-Gen- 
 eral and Council praise and approve the request and appoint herewith as commissioners to hasten 
 this necessary work Gerrit Gerritsen, Harmen Smeeman and DircTc Claesen, ordering and em- 
 powering them, to compel every inhabitant to contribute, as they shall judge it equitable and in 
 proportion to the area and location of the lands and lots. Date as above. 
 
New Yorh Historical Hecoi-th. 253 
 
 Ordinance against cakeying on any Indian tuade at Schenectady, passed IS"" June IOCS. 
 (Laws of N. Netherlaud, p. 442.) 
 
 Pethton of the settlers at Schanectade foe permission to cultivate their 
 lands etc and order tueeeon. 
 
 Copy. 
 
 Arent va?i Curlaer communicated and read to the unaersigned proprietors of land at Scha- 
 nectade on the 18"" of May 1663 the order of their Honors, the Director-General and Council of 
 New-Netherland, dated the 7'" of that month, and proposed to them, that they sign a pledge, 
 added to that resolution, which had been communicated and a copy whereof had been given to him 
 by the ITon*"" Vice-Director La Mwitagne and the Commissaries. The undersigned proprietors 
 unanimously agree and are willing to obey the Ilon""^ Company and the authorities of Ncw- 
 Nctherliind in every respect, like others, their subjects and vassals, to pay the taxes and duties 
 and not to do nor attempt anything against the published ordinances and placards of their said 
 Honors, the Director-General and Council ; we trust and do not doubt, that your Hon""^ Worships 
 shall treat us not less nor otherwise nor impose any other duties, than upon other inhabitants of 
 this province. "We feel assured that your Hon"'" Worships will be convinced, that in consequence 
 of their resolution of the 23* June 1661 we bought the land with our own money for behalf of 
 the Company (to be repaid at a convenient time), took possession of it with great expenses, erected 
 buildings on it and provided it with horses and cattle and if nevei-theless ti <^ proprietors are to be 
 treated in a different manner or with less consideration, than other inhabitants, then all their work 
 has been done to no purpose and they are themselves completely ruined, which God may beware 
 them of! We request very instantly, that your Hon"'" Worships will please to allow us to culti- 
 vate and till the land in our possession, as your Hon*'* Worships have already given a patent to 
 Jan Barentsen Wemp and Jacques N. N. without such an obligation or burthen, as proposed in 
 the aforesaid pledge. Finally, whereas the surveyor is here now, but has no order to survey the 
 land, unless this pledge is signed, we request, that the surveyor be authorized, to survey the land 
 in order to prevent differences and disputes among us, else we shall be compelled to help our- 
 selves, as best we can. Date as above. (Signed) A. van Curlaer, Philipp Hendricksen, 
 Sander Leendertsen Glen, the mark of Simon Volckertsen, Pieter Sogemacklie, the mark 
 of Teunis Cornelissen, the mark of Marten Cornelissen, Willem Teller, Gerret Bancker, 
 Bastian de Winter authorized to sign in the name of Cateleyn, the widow of Arent Andrie- 
 SEN, Pieter Jacobsen Borsboom, Pieter Danielsen van Olinda, the mark of Jan Barentsen 
 Wemp, the mark of Jacques Cornelis. 
 
 After having received and read the foregoing petition, the following decision was made : 
 
 As some of the petitioners pretend not to have anything else in view, than agricultural pur- 
 suits, they are allowed, to cultivate the said Flat. We would not have given permission other- 
 wise on account of the perils, which are likely to arise there, if trade with the barbarians were 
 allowed and tolerated at such a distant place and whereas we have already been authoritatively 
 informed, that some people have dared and are dailj- taking the liberty to trade there with the 
 
25 -i Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 savages, therefore the Director-General ami Council adhere to their order, made at the request of 
 the petitioners on the 6"" of April 1662, for they do not intend, to establish one place, to ruin 
 thereby another or even tlie whole country, and Director-General and Council refer therefore to the 
 ordinances made regarding this matter. Thus done in Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherland^ the 
 18'" of June A° 1663. 
 
 Letter feom Dikector Stuyvesant to Vice-Director Lamontagne at Fort 
 Orange; means adopted for the eelease of the captueed peopi-e. 
 
 Honorable, Dear, Faithful Sir. 
 Your Honor was informed by my last hasty and therefore badly written letter of the terrible 
 condition of our people at the Esopus, especially of the women and children in captivity, whose 
 release and ransoming out of the wild barbarians' hands we not only pray and demand of our good 
 Lord, but would also like to see accomplislied and promoted by all conducive means. We have 
 deemed it necessary for that purpose, not only to recommend it most earnestly to your Honors by 
 the foregoing letter, but also to depute for its better promotion from our Council the Hon''"' Johan 
 de Deckere, who with your Honors or what we tliink still better with two deputies from each 
 Court shall do his best towards it, push the matter and accomplish further, what we -have recom- 
 mended to his Honor per memorandum, given him in writing. We have no doubt, that your 
 Honors will allow him to make use of your Honors' aid and advice, relying upon wliicli we com- 
 mend your Honors to God's gracious protection and remain with cordial salutations 
 
 Honorable, Dear, I'aithful Friends 
 19"" June 1663. Your affectionate Friend. 
 
 To both the Courts of the village of Beverwyck and Colony of Renselaerswyck. 
 
 Postscript. 
 
 I mentioned in my last, leaving it to your Honors' discretion, the repairing of Fort Orange 
 or its destruction, to enclose the Company's stonehouse as a place of retreat with less expense and 
 for the greater security. I still leave it to your Honors, but we desire to recommend and direct 
 our deputy to send us by first opportunity 3 or 4 of the lightest cannons, to use them at distant 
 outlying places here, where they are much needed. 
 Date as above. Your Honors' affectionate friend. 
 
 Honorable Gentlemen. 
 These few lines are simply to say, what was forgotten in the preceding letter, namely, that 
 yachts, coming down from above, must touch at the Esopus, to get news from there, under a 
 penalty of 50 guilders. Done at Fort Amsterdam in 1} ew- Netherlands the IQ"* of June 1663. 
 To the . . . . at Fort Orange. 
 
Neio Yorh Historical liccords. 255 
 
 Instructions for Councillok Joiian de Decker, bent to Fort Orange on poblic business. 
 
 Memorandum foa his Honor, Johan Je 
 Declare, Councillor of New-Nethedand, 
 commissioned by the Director-General 
 and Council to make a journey to Fort 
 
 1. 
 
 AVitli the advice and knowledge of the Commissary La Montagne and the deputies of the 
 two Courts he is to try in pursuance of our former letters, whether the release of the captured 
 Christians can be brought about through the Maquaes, but if possible without making engage- 
 ments for a new peace with the treacherous Esopv,s savages or promising to give the least presents 
 on behalf of the Director-General and Council, except to the Mtuinacn or Sinnekus after deliver- 
 ance of the prisoners. 
 
 2. 
 
 To inquire of both Courts what number either of volunteers or perhaps for continued service 
 miglit be obtained in the village of Beverwyck or the Colony of Renselaerswyck, if the oppor- 
 tunity should come, to make an expedition against the Esojyus savages. 
 
 3. 
 If he can get a dozen resolute men for that purpose, his Honor is authorized and qualified 
 hereby to engage them at the usual pay of 8 or 10 guilders per month at the usual rate of 1 6 
 pieces of wampum for a stiver, to provide them with the necessary weapons and send or bring 
 them to the Kwjnis. 
 
 4. 
 
 If the release of the prisoners, either of all of them or the greater part, cannot be ellucted by 
 either the Maquaes nor Senecas, he shall with the aforesaid advice try to induce the Maqioaes or 
 Setiecas to capture some of the Esopus savages and surrender them to us, that we may recover 
 our prisoners, or at least a few of them by these means, on condition that tiiey receive for each 
 prisoner such a present, as his Honor shall agree upon in presence and through the mediation of 
 the aforesaid deputies from the Courts. 
 
 5. 
 
 To get as much information as possible, either through the Maquaes or through the Senecns, 
 of the situation and condition of the prisoners as of the strength of the Esopus savages, the loca- 
 tion of their forts etc*. 
 
 6. 
 
 To consider with the aforesaid Courts or the deputies therefrom, as his Honor shall deem ad- 
 visable, whether 10 or 12 faithful Maquaes would be willing to enter the service of the Director- 
 General and Council for 2 or 3 months and make an expedition with our men against the Esoqnis 
 savages, to get soinq prisoners by these means. 
 
 7. 
 
 To report and give information as quickly and exact as possible upon every occasion as well 
 of his doings, as of the state of affairs at the Esopus and what our peo})le there may require. 
 
 Finally to request the Courts, or with help of the deputies of the same, some merchant to ad- 
 
256 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 vance a sum of three or four thousand guilders, half in goods, half in wampum, either in form of 
 a loan or perhaps at a fair rate of interest, if it cannot be returned within a year, for which the 
 Director-General and Council offer to give as security not only the Company's property, but also 
 their own private ones. Actum Fort Amsterdam in New-J^etherland^ the 19"' of June A° 1663. 
 
 Hepoet of the Magisteates at Wiltwyck on the massacee coMMriTED BY THE Indians. 
 
 Noble, Honorable, Worshipful, Wise, Prudent and very Discreet. 
 
 We, your Honors' faithful subjects have to report, pursuant to the order of the R' Hon''"' 
 Director-General, in the form of a Journal, that in obedience to his Honor's order, received 
 on the SO"" of May last, we caused the Indian Sachems to be notified on the 5* of June, to be 
 prepared to expect the arrival of the R' Hon"'* Director-General, to receive the promised 
 presents, and to renew the peace. This notification was communicated to them through Capt. 
 Thomas Chambers, to which they answered — "If peace were to be renewed with them, the 
 Hon"'" Director-General should, with some unarmed persons, sit with them in the open field, 
 without the gate, as it was their own custom to meet unarmed when renewing peace or in other 
 negotiations." But, unmindful of the preceding statement, they surprised and attacked us between 
 the hours of 11 and 12 o'clock in the forenoon on Thursday the T"" instant ; entering in bands 
 through all the gates, they divided and scattered themselves among all the houses and dwellings 
 in a friendly manner, having with them a little maize and some few beans to sell to our inhabit- 
 ants, by which means they kept them within their houses, and thus went from place to place as 
 spies to discover our strength in men. And after they had been about a short quarter of an hour 
 within this place, some people on horseback rushed through the Mill gate from the New Village, 
 crying out — " The Indians have destroyed the New Village !" And with these words, the Indi- 
 ans here in this Village unmediately fired a shot and made a general attack on our village from 
 the rear, murdering our people in their houses with their axes and tomahawks and firing on them 
 with guns and pistols ; they seized whatever women and children they could catch and carried 
 them prisoners outside the gates, plundered the houses and set the village on fire to windward, it 
 blowing at the time from the South. The remaining Indians commanded all the streets, firing 
 from the corner houses which they occupied and through the curtains outside along the highways, 
 so that some of our inhabitants, on their way to their houses to get their arms, were wounded and 
 slain. When the flames were at their height the wind changed to the west, were it not for which 
 the fire would have been much more destructive. So rapidly and silently did Murder do his work 
 that those in different parts of the village were not aware of it until those who had been wounded 
 happened to meet each other, in which way the most of the others also had warning. The greater 
 portion of our men were abroad at their field labors, and but few in the village. Near the mill 
 gate were Albert Oysbertsen with two servants, and Tjerck Claesen de Wit ; at the Sheriff's he him- 
 self with two carpenters, two clerks and one thresher ; at Cornelius Barentsen Sleghfs, himself 
 and his son ; at the Doraine's, himself and two carpenters and one labouring man ; at the guard 
 house, a few soldiers ; at the gate towards the river, Henderick Jochemsen and Jacob, the Brewer ; 
 but Ilenderick Jochemsen was very severely wounded in his house by two shots at an early hour. 
 By these aforesaid men, most of whom had neither guns nor side arms, were the Indians, through 
 God's mercy, chased and put to flight on the alarm being given by the Sheriff. Capt. ThoTnas 
 Chambers, M'ho was wounded on coming in from without, issued inunediate orders (with the Sheriff 
 
New York Historical Records. 257 
 
 and Commissaries,) to secure the gates ; to clear the gun and to drive out the savages, who -were 
 still about half an hour in the village aiming at their persons, which was accordingly done. The 
 burning of the houses, the murder and carrying off of women and childi-en is here omitted, as these 
 have been already comnmuicated to your Honors on the 10'*' June. After these few men had 
 been collected against the barbarians, by degrees the others arrived who, it has been stated were 
 abroad at their field labors, and we found ourselves when mustered in the evening, ineludino- those 
 from the new village who took refuge amongst us, in number 69 efficient men, both qualified and 
 unqualified. The burnt palisades were immediately replaced by new ones, and tlie people distrib- 
 uted, during the night, along the bastions and curtains to keep watch. 
 
 On the 10"' inst., 10 horsemen were commanded to ride down to the Kedoubt and to examine 
 its condition. They returned with word that the soldiers at the Eedoubt had not seen any Indi- 
 ans. They brought also with them the Sergeant, who had gone the preceding morning to the 
 Eedoubt and as he heard on his return of the mischief committed by the Indians in the villao-e, 
 he went back to the Eedoubt and staid there. In addition to the Sergeant they brought the men, 
 who had fled from the new village. 
 
 On the 16"", towards evening. Sergeant Christiacn Niessen went with a troop of soldiers, sent 
 us by your Honors, being 43 men, and three wagons, to the Eedoubt, with letters for the Man- 
 hatans, addressed to your Honors, and to bring up ammunition from the Eedoubt. On their 
 return, the Indians made an attempt at the first hill to take the ammunition from these troops. 
 The Sergeant having divided his men into separate bodies, evinced great courage against the Indi- 
 ans, skirmishing with them from the first to past the second hill and defending the wagons so 
 well that they arrived in safety in the village. He had, however, one killed and six wounded. 
 The dead man was brought in next morning, having been stripped naked, and having liad his 
 right hand cut off by the Indians. Some of the Indians were also killed, but the number of these 
 is not known. This skirmishing having been heard in the village, a reinforcement of horse and 
 foot was immediately ordered out, but before they arrived the Indians had been put to flight by 
 the above named Sergeant. 
 
 This, your Honors, is what we have deemed necessary to communicate to you in the 
 form of a journal as to how and in what manner tlie Indians have acted towards us and we towards 
 them in the preceding circumstances. And we humbly and respectfully request your Honors to 
 be pleased to send us hither for the wounded by the earliest opportunity some prunes and linen 
 with some wine to strengthen them, and whatever else not obtainable here your Honors may think 
 proper; also, carabines, cutlasses and gun flints and we request that the carabines may be snap- 
 haunce, as the people here are but little conversant with the use of the arquebuse {vyer roer) ; 
 also some spurs for the horsemen. In addition to this also some reinforcements in men inasmuch 
 as harvest will commence in about 14 days from date. Herewith ending we commend your Hon- 
 ors to God's fatherly care and protection. Done, WlUwyck this 20"" June 1 6(53. 
 
 EOELOFF SwAETWOUT, 
 
 the mark of y^ Albert Gysbeetsen, 
 TiKRECK Classen DEWrrr, 
 Thomas Chambers, 
 Gysbert Van Imbroch, 
 Christiaen Nyssen, 
 Hendkick Jochemsen. 
 
258 Colonial Settlements on the Huihoii River. 
 
 Letter from the Magistrates at Fort Orange to Director Stuyvesant ; lit- 
 tle PROSPECT OF the RELEASE OF THE PRISONERS AMONG THE EsOPUS. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant Petrus Stuyvesant, Director-General of New-Netherland. 
 
 Your Honor's letter of the 15"^'' inst. has been received by us on the 20"' ; we will say in an- 
 swer, that we shall do our best for the release of the unhappy captives on the Esopus, but we see 
 little prospect for it at present, because it is rumored, that the Maijaaes are hard pressed and sur- 
 rounded by their enemies. 
 
 Your Honoi- will please to inform us, who the volunteers arc said to have been, whom we 
 have prevented from helping the Esojjus people, then we shall answer in detail, trusting in the 
 meantime, that your Honor will believe our principles to be only friendly and brotherly according 
 to our sincere and plain judgment. 
 
 Pursuant to your Honor's order we send herewith a copy of your Honor's aforesaid letter. 
 May God in the meantime give to your Honor and the Hon"'" Councillors permanent health and 
 prosperous administration, with which we remain 
 
 Your Honor's obedient friends and servants 
 Done at Fort Orange, La Montagne 
 
 the 23'' of June A" 16G3. J. V. Renselaer 
 
 By order of the Courts of Beve/'wych Village 
 and the Colony of lienselaerswyck. 
 
 Johannes Provoost, Clerk. 
 D. V. Schellutne, Secretary 
 
 of the (Jolony of Renselaerswych. 
 To his Honor, the Valiant and Noble Director- General Peirus Stuyvesant oi New-Netherland. 
 
 Letper from Vice-Director Lamontagne to the same ; the defenceless con- 
 dition OF THE fort Orange. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant and Worshipful Sir. 
 
 Whereas your Honor's letter to the two Courts mentions the disabled and defenceless con- 
 dition of Fort Orange, which is indeed a fact ; it ought to be repaired and put in a proper condition 
 in a short time. The Courts did not say anything of it in their letter, yet they have with me 
 concluded to let the old houses and huts stand and merel}-^ to repair the angles at the least ex- 
 pense and with the greatest speed, for it would hardly be convenient to everybody to pull down 
 their houses now and to remove ; it would also be disadvantageous for the Hon"'" Company, as 
 the people would have to be bought off, while my hands, with which it would have to be done, are 
 closed to my great regret : hereto comes the people's scoffing at the Hon"'" Company on account 
 of the fort, which cannot be borne any longer. I have therefore undertaken to make a beginning, 
 as the posts and the outside covering are ready and the burghers offered to turn out daily 8 or 10 
 men, but plancks for the platforms and sills with rails for anchors, spikes and especially two car- 
 penters are still needed. As I have all this not at hand, I hope Your Honor and the Council will 
 come to my assistance and provide the money, to pay for the aforesaid articles and feel assured, 
 that I for my part shall keep good and faithful account and supervision of the whole. I commend 
 
New York Historical Records. 259 
 
 herewitli your Honor to the protection of God, who may grant your Honor strength in this un- 
 happy time and a prosperous administration, remaining meanwhile 
 
 Fort Orange ^ Tour Honor's humble and 
 
 as*" June 1GG3. obedient servant 
 
 La Montagne. • 
 To the Honorable, Valiant :uid Worshipful Pt'trus Stuyvcmnt, Director-General of Neio- 
 Neiherlaiid. 
 
 Letter from the authorities at Wiltwtck to Jan Tomassen and others, 
 interested in the " new village " on the esopus ; state of affairs there. 
 
 Honorable, Good Friends. 
 
 Your letter of the 20"' June has been lianded to us and we iinderstand its contents well. 
 Our answer is, tliat the horses, belonging to you, had to be taken by us out of the enemy's very 
 hands with great danger ; we require them now with our own for our defense and have some of 
 them already under the saddle. Your request is therefore refused for the present and if you 
 ai'e not satisfied with it, then we inform you, that the horses, used for our defense, which may 
 have been shot or killed by the enemies in an attack, shall be paid for according to the appraise- 
 ment of impartial men, pursuant to an order given us by his Honor, the Director-General. We 
 consent to let the cows go and shall endeavor in your behalf to convey them to the strand, for we 
 do not deem it advisable to send them to you overland, not wishing to drive them again into the 
 enemies' hands. In the meantime we thank you for your kind care and intentions for our captives 
 and do not doubt, that j'ou will further do your best for their release. Closing herewith with 
 many greetings we commend you to God's protection. 
 
 Actum at WiltwycTc, By order of the Court and the 
 
 this 23'* June A° 1663. Council of War at Wiltwyck 
 
 (Signed) Matheus Capito, Secretary. 
 
 To the Honorable and "\"ery Discreet Jan- Tcmassen, Yolchert Jansen, Cornells Wyjikoop 
 and partners at Beverwych. 
 
 Extract from a minute of the Directok-General's visrr to Hempstead 23'' June 1663. 
 
 To induce some of the English to take part in tlie expedition to the Esopus, tlie Director- 
 General promised them free plunder and all the savages, whom they could capture ; this was pro- 
 claimed by a handbill. 
 
 Proclamation calling out volunteers for the war against the Esopus Indians. 
 
 Whereas the Director-General and Council of New-Neiherland, after having suffered many 
 massacres, affronts and unbearable injuries, committed by the Esopvs savages* from time to time, 
 
 * The English proclamation calls tlicm " Warynawoncks." 
 
260 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 are compelled for the maintenance and protection of their good inhabitants to begin an offensive 
 and defensive w-ar against the said Esojnis savages, therefore all inhabitants of this province, 
 Dutch as well as English, are hereby informed, that all, who are willing and resolved to assist in 
 this necessary and honorable affair and to take up arms against the said Esopus savages for a year 
 or a year and a half or longer, until the same shall be destroyed with the help of God or all those, 
 who will send one of their farm laborers or servants, able to carry arms, in their places, shall have 
 and enjoy above the usual soldier's pay : 
 
 1. Free plundering and all the barbarians, who are captured. 
 
 2. Exemption from tithes for 6 years and those, wlio are not yet subject to tithes, shall enjoy 
 the same exemptions, when they become subject thereto, of which a document shall be issued to 
 them for their assurance. 
 
 3. If somebody should be hurt or wounded, he shall be ]iroperly treated by the surgeon with 
 good remedies and such persons, as may be maimed or deprived of their health in the service 
 of the Hon"'" Company shall have the following indemnitications : 
 
 for the loss of the right arm fl 800 
 
 " " " of the left arm " 500 
 
 " " " of a leg " 450 
 
 " " "of both legs _ " 800 
 
 " " " of an eye " 300 
 
 " " " of both eyes " 900 
 
 " " " of the right hand " 600 
 
 « " " of both hands " 1000 
 
 « " " of the left hand " 400 
 
 If any of the citizens or inhabitants of this or other places within this government are 
 inclined to go themselves or to send somebody in their places, they shall further be exempted 
 for the time of one year : 
 
 From guardmounting, firewatch and chimney-tax and besides that the owners of bouweries 
 shall be exempted from tithes for 6 years; those, who have no bouweries now shall enjoy this 
 exemption besides the 10 years commonly allowed, whenever they should go into the country and 
 establish bouweries, for which they shall receive a proper warrant. Thus done at Fort Amster- 
 dam in New-Netherla/nd, the 25'" of June A° 1663. 
 
 Sir. 
 
 Letter from Councillor de Decker to Director Stuyvesant ; efforts for the 
 release of the prisoners at the esopus. 
 
 I arrived at the Esoprts at break of day on Thursday the 21"' inst and landed immediately. 
 I ordered a soldier of the Redoubt to fire a shot with a blank cartridge as signal for the garrison 
 of Wiltwyck, that they should come and convey me thither and after waiting about an hour and 
 a half I let him fire another shot, but understanding in the meantime from the Corporal that 
 since Saturday he had received no information nor tidings and had seen not a single man ; after 
 having waited about half an hour after the second shot, while the wind was very favorable and I 
 did not like to delay the yachts and retard my own voyage, I came to the resolution to march on 
 with five men to Wiltwyck, I myself carrying a musket. Arriving there, the people were aston- 
 
Ne^o York Historical Records. 261 
 
 ished, when they saw me with such a small force and when I had learued, what had happened 
 and in how great a danger I and my companions had been, then I saw no reason to be astonished, 
 but rather to be glad and grateful to God. 
 
 Your Honor will see by the enclosure and judge of the attack and what a pitiful result it 
 would have had, if it was carried out so well, as they had intended it, but the Almighty has ruled 
 differently. 
 
 I enclose also Bantsoiis answei-s, although not quite jjcrtinent. 
 
 I had the two Courts together j^esterday, but could not obtain upon La Montague's proposi- 
 tion the selection of deputies, which caused the usual and apprehended confusion. Finally they 
 resolved to send Jacques the Mestis savage, to the Maquas country to fetch some of the Sachems 
 and as he was not at home and could not be found, they got the savage, called SmitJis Jan, who pre- 
 sented himself and offered his services, saying, that he felt himself driven to it by his conscience, 
 to go with a Dutchman, 2 or 3 savages and a Mahihandcr to the Ksojjus, to ask for the prisoners 
 first on the ground of conscience ; if that did not avail anything, then with threats and after that 
 to wring the prisoners from them by war. The Dutchman, who went with him is Jnn Dlrcl~, 
 who offered himself voluntarily for the expedition ; the directions, given to him, will be seen by 
 your Honor in the enclosures ; we wish and pray to Clod for a good success. 
 
 Some Catshil savages came here to-day in the name of the Esopus savages with the intima- 
 tion, that the Dutch at this place should keep quiet, else all the houses on this side of the Sayershil 
 would be burned. 
 
 I send herewith a list of medicaments, required by the soldiers' sui'geon at the Esopus for 
 the prisoners, I mean the wounded. 
 
 The quartermaster-sergeant requests some smith's utensils and the Commandant some cara- 
 bines, short bandeliers', pistols and holsters, all of which I wish to recommend to your Honors 
 attention. 
 
 On account of the good wind the yachts' people and others are so pressing, that I can find no 
 time to copy this nor to refine it nor to add some more details. I shall therefore close and 
 remain. 
 
 Sir, 
 Bevernujcli, Your Honor's affectionate servant 
 
 the a*!"" Juno 1663. J. de Deckeke. 
 
 Proposals communicated to the Sachems of Hackensack and Staten-Island wrrn 
 
 THEIR AI^SWERS. 
 
 27"" June. Propositions made to Oratamin, Sachem 
 
 or chief of Hackinkesaky and Mattanoa, 
 Sachem of Nayeck iu\i\ Staten-Island the 
 27'" June 1663. 
 
 1st proposition, that they had been called hither on account of the difficulties with the Esopus 
 savages to prevent misunderstanding in the future and to ask them, how they were inclined ; as 
 to our side, we were inclined to keep the peace, made with them, if they too were willing. 
 
 They answered, it is well and they too on their side are willing to keep the peace. 
 
 2d. It is necessary, in order to uphold and keep the peace between them and us, that they 
 should have no intercourse whatever with the Esopus savages, that they allow none of their people 
 
262 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 to go among them nor Esojnis savages to come here, for one or the other would be cause for a war 
 between tliem and us. 
 
 They answer and promise, that they will not meddle with the war, they promise also, that 
 they will not allow any Esopus savage to hide among them and if any of their people should run 
 to the Esopus, that they will not receive him again among them. 
 
 3d. Whereas we are now at war with the Esopus savages and wo and our people, living in 
 the villages, can hardly tell, which are Esopiis and which other savages, esjiecially if they come 
 armed, therefore we inform them herewith, that we have given orders in all our villages, not to 
 trust any armed savage nor to allow any armed savage to come into their places, that they may not 
 be suddenly attacked and killed, as it happened at the Esopus, but to be on their guard at all times 
 and not to trust an armed savage. They must therefore warn all their savages and all their and 
 our friends, not to come with arms into our villages and houses, that no difficulties may arise and 
 likewise we will not allow any of our people to come armed into their settlements, unless one or 
 two men were sent ahead to say, why they come and where they want to go. 
 
 They answer, that it is very good and that they will comply with it, but they want to come 
 to this place with their muskets, to have them repaired. 
 
 4th. "Whereas we have now renewed the old peace and they have promised not to have any 
 intercourse with the Esopus savages, we now request of them, whether they could not get one or 
 two Esopus savages and surrender them to us, to employ them as guides ; we are not only willing 
 to give them a present for them, but promise also not to kill them nor do them any harm, but to 
 return them, when the war is over. 
 
 They imdertake to inform and show us, where some Esopus savages may be found. 
 
 5th. That we are good friends not only of them, but also of all other savages sm-rounding us 
 and that we are quite willing to keep the peace with these too, if they will not assist our enemies, 
 the Esopus savages. They are therefore requested herewith to tell us, who has helped the Esopus 
 savages in this plot and further to please and inform us, whether they knew of any tribe of sav- 
 ages, willing to help them. 
 
 They answer, that they do as yet not know, who "will join the Esopus savages, but they will 
 tell and inform us as soon as they have heard. 
 
 In confirmation and proof, that we arej;lieir friends, each of the Sachems received for the 
 trouble, which they have taken to come hither upon our call, the following articles : 
 a piece of cloth for a coat a shirt 
 
 a small piece a knife 
 
 The other savages, who had come with them, 5 in numbers, were given each a small piece of 
 cloth, a shirt and a knife, with the request to inform the other tribes, their friends, that they too 
 should send their Sachems hither to renew the peace. 
 
 After the foregoing was over, Oratam said, he was very glad, that we would keep quiet here 
 and that the war would only be made at the Esopus ; he had not a single spark in his heart, that 
 was bad and thus they left the Council chamber. Actum at Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherland 
 on the day as above. 
 
X^ew Yoi'h Historical IlecorJs. 
 
 Notice, that the Esorus Indians are on a war-ext'edition and warning all peo- 
 
 I'LE TO be on their GUARD. 
 
 27'" June 
 
 Dear, Good Friends. 
 These few lines are to inform you, tliat we liavo just been told by the savages, our friends, 
 that about 20 to 25 Esopus savages have left their fort 3 or •i days ago, with the intentions, as tlie 
 savages say, to come down here and get prisoners or kill some Dutchmen. You are therefore 
 warned to be cautious in going into the fields or along the roads, that is always in company and 
 well armed according to the published orders. If further news are received, they shall be com- 
 municated to you in due time, wherewith after our salutations we commend you to God's protec- 
 tion etc. 
 
 Lett'Er from Volckert Jansen and others TO Director Sti-vvksant, kespectlng 
 THE L(.>ss of their catfle at the Esopds. 
 
 Noble, Very "Worshipful, Honorable Director-General and Council of New-NethcTland. 
 
 We, your Hon'''* Worships' undersigned humble subjects are very distressed on account of the 
 loss of our goods and blood on the Esopus, which has brouglit us nearly to the door of ruin, anyway 
 has done us great damage, considering that we cannot recover it in years without God's blessing. 
 We cannot restore to our farmers the horses and cattle to continue our farming at the Esojyus, 
 except some old cows, of which IS in number, young and old, arrived here yesterday at great 
 expense and danger ; three of them belonging to the late Jan Barentsen Wem.j} and we do not 
 know, what else is missing, except that tiie Hon''"' Court at Wlltwyck has written us a letter on the 
 23'' inst, of which a copy is enclosed, in which among others it says : " We inform you, that the 
 horses, used for our defense, wliicli may have been shot or killed by the enemies in an attack, shall 
 be paid for by the Hon''"' Company according to the appraisement of impartial men, pursuant to 
 an order given us by his Honor, the Director-General." 
 
 Your Hon''''' Worship may well conceive, that we need our i)i-operty much more now, than at 
 the time, when we sent it for the purpose of carrying on our farms there. Our aiiections are, as 
 your Hon"'" Worship may perceive, for our distressed friends at the Esopus, but we hope not to 
 suffer any more troubles and losses, since among others the harm done to our horses nnder the 
 saddle and otherwise, as we are informed, can give us little advantage in the appraisement ; besides 
 tliat we cannot submit to it and wait for tlie scant remuneration by the Company. We trust 
 therefore, that your Hon"'" Worship will not ta.\ and trouble us any more, at least not now, in our 
 distress and losses, for we can indeed bear no more. We could have wished, that your Hon"'" 
 Worship would have satisfied the savages in time, as we humbly requested last April in the peti- 
 tion sent by Pieter Jacobsen Marius to your Hon"'" Worship, concerning the claims of the savages 
 at the Esopus and their threats ; then our good and blood would have been saved. God save us 
 from further harm and troubles and we hope, that next to God your Hon?'" Worship will take 
 good care to prevent further destruction and bloodshed. Expecting to receive your Hon"'" 
 
264 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Worship's favorable reply by first opportunity, we commend your Hon''"' "Worship in the mean- 
 time to God's grace and remain 
 
 Your Hon''"' "Worship's humble 
 Bevenvych, subjects 
 
 the 28"' June 1663. Volckert Jassen 
 
 Jan Thomassen 
 Philipp Pietersen Schuyler 
 GoosEN Garretsen 
 
 CORNELIS "WtNKOOP. 
 
 Letter from Vice-Director Lamontagne at Fort Orange to Director Stut- 
 
 VESANT ; repairs ON THE FORT DELATED ; EFFORTS TO RECOVER THE CHRISTIAN 
 
 prisoners; new foi^t built by Mr. van Kenselaer at Greenbush. 
 Honorable, Valiant, AVorshipful Sir. 
 
 Since my last of the 23'', by which I informed your Honor of my intention to begin the re- 
 pairs of tlie fort at the four corners and to take advantage of the good will of the burghers, who 
 were willing to assist, trusting, that some friends would help me with money, necessary for the 
 work, wliich would not cost much more than 500 guilders, Mr. ds Decker has come here to the 
 meeting of the two Courts and declared, that lie has no orders, to decide in such a matter or to 
 procure money for such a purpose, therefore I have been obliged to let the occasion pass by, in 
 which the fort could have been put into as good a state of defense, as it has ever been during ray 
 time, at least against the attack of some savages and I could have done it in 8 days. 
 
 On the 26"", when both the Courts were together to consider with Mr. Decker upon suitable 
 means for the release of the prisoners at the Esopus and I had sent for that purpose for Akxus, 
 the savage, to dispatch him to the Maquas country and induce them to come here, there arrived 
 suddenly Smits Jan, a chief of the said Maquas, with three others of his people and two Mohicans, 
 whom I had asked by the Maquas Sassiadego eight days ago, to come here and by Jan Dareth 
 and Aejyien, chief of the Mohicans, to induce them thereto. They went on their journey the 
 same day in good spirits, that they would recover the prisoners and tliey sailed in Claes Bar- 
 dingh's yacht on the 27"" together with Jari Dareth. We shall know shortly, what they have 
 accomplished in the matter. 
 
 The ordnance, for which your Honor calls, is ready, at your Honor's pleasure, but I have no 
 men to put it aboard a vessel nor money to pay the laborers. I pray, your Honor will consider, 
 that there are not more than eight pieces on the four corners and one 12 pounder, which has never 
 been mounted in my time. Mr. Rensselaer claims three of these pieces and demands them imme- 
 diately, to place them at the Green Bush in a little fort or fortification, which they build there 
 and if your Honor takes four from the balance, not more than two would be left to us. It is true, 
 there are yet three light pieces, which the Commissaries had brought in from Mr. Rensselaer's 
 place in the year 1656 and placed on the church : these, the Commissaries say, his Honor had 
 given to them to use in the defense of the planck enclosure. I dare not take these away from 
 there, without his Honor's express order. 
 
 While I write this, four yachts have sailed past the fort, to whom Mr. Decker had told me 
 not to give a pass, before he had spoken with me ; in the meantime he has given them passes with- 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 2G5 
 
 out my knowing of their departure. I do not know, whetlier they are to touch at the Esopus or 
 not ; tliey left beliind also this my letter, written in great baste. Closing herewith I commend 
 your Hon'"'" Worship to the protection of the Almighty and remain meanwhile 
 
 Your Honor's humble and 
 Fort Oramje, obedient servant 
 
 the 29'" June 1G03. La Montagne. 
 
 The JIaqnaes have just now 
 cut off two fingers of an Esoj>us 
 6a\'age and keep him here at the 
 house of Join Mangelsen in the 
 Colony: it is a sign of bad feeling 
 against them. 
 
 To the Honorable, Valiant and Worshijiful Pdra^ Staijocmnt Director-Genend of Ncw-Neth- 
 erland. 
 
 Letter froj: Cocncillor de Decker to Director Stutvesant ; the Christian 
 
 I'RISOA'EKS IN THE HANDS UF THE EsOPnS InDIANS ; COMPLAINTS AGAINST THE 
 ESOPUS MAGISTRATES. 
 
 Sir. 
 
 I had forgotten in my last letter by Claoi Bordingh, written in great haste and amid much 
 noise, that some friends here had dispatched Christoffel Da/oiU to the Emp\is savages on the 20'" 
 inst., to learn and see, whether he could not get Mons'' La Montagne's daughter and some other 
 prisoners out of the hands of the barbarians. He took his way directly through the country and 
 strayed from the right road at a Kil about 4 leagues from Wiltwych inland, when the friends 
 hearing of his intention advised against his proceeding further for peace, as they say, that the 
 rascals may keep him also ; he is consequently returned here yesterday, without accomplishing 
 anything and without having met a savage on the road. We are in the meantime waiting here 
 and hoping for a good result of the expedition of Jan Daret and the savages with him and there- 
 fore the Messieurs judge it most advisable and best, to delay my sojourn here until his return, to 
 which I am obliged to consent, as I have hardly carried out one half of the designs of my com- 
 mission. 
 
 I find the calumnious and injurious reports, which your Honor knows well as having heard 
 them and by reports, that I had persuaded your Honor not to make the voyage to the E.sopus and 
 on the other side, that I was the cause of the discharge of the soldiers, are carried hither and 
 thither; some people accept them as true, although not in their exorbitant extent, others not; 
 meanwhile it looks suspicious to me, as I have been shown by a friend here a letter from a certain 
 friend there, saying among others, that I was much blamed and scolded at the Manhatans and 
 running much danger, in ease more misfortunes should happen to spring up. Whereas I have 
 had as little to do with the delay of your Honor's journey to the Esopus, as my child in TToUand 
 and with the discharge of the soldiers as much as your Honor and others of the Council and whereas 
 nevertheless the contrary is believed by the majority and the most ignorant and therefore worst 
 canaille, whereby the person of John de Deckere is placed and exposed as in colluvione rermn 
 contumelie, therefore circumstances compel me to believe, that the source of these Infamous reports 
 34 
 
266 Colonial SettUments o)i the Hudson River. 
 
 is to be found in tlie midst of our Board, for how could people think and speak the same, as has 
 been thought and spoken of there? unless one or the other member of the Board had divulged it 
 and done it with palpable honorability, to make out himself pure and white and me foul and black. 
 Truly it is the act of dull and cowardly souls, which strive more for vain and unstable glory and 
 the applause of the populace, than for the solid consolation of a good conscience before God and 
 themselves. Therefore I request your Honor once more, to inform all the world in one way or 
 the other, as I have asked by word of mouth and in writing, that I had nothing to do with the 
 first and with the second not more, than you yourself and others about there. 
 
 Your Honor will show thereby, that your Honor has not been in favor of these calumnies 
 and insulting rumors and besides do an act of disti-ibutive justice. Otherwise I should feel obliged, 
 to keep away and absent myself from the meetings and the public affairs connected therewith and 
 further give a satisfactcjiy explanation of it to my Masters by the first opportunity. 
 
 Pli'dljip Plcti r.s, n S,Iiin/],'r, Jan I'o'tnas, Goosen Oerritsen, Yolckert Jansen and Ci)rndis 
 Wijnlioop have complainod to me, that the Schout and Commissaries at the Esopus have refused 
 to give up their horses with the cattle, which latter arrived here yesterday in the barge, making 
 difficulties under the pretext stated and mentioned in the enclosure. I remark, that the com- 
 plainants or at least some of them are very much dissatisfied, they have therefore requested me to 
 write about it to your Honor and to send the enclosure ; as far as 1 am concerned, I am of opinion, 
 that every one ought to be master of his own property, any way, that the Commissaries had no 
 authority to undertake retaining the horses, unless they were ordered to do so by your Honor, 
 which however I doubt. Although I explained to them the conditions proposed by your Honor 
 to the inhabitants of WilPwycJc concerning the loss and wounding of their horses in military ser- 
 vice, which might befal them and must be expected, they nevertheless demanded to have their 
 horses here at home ; Wynl-oop said besides, that he woidd be satisfied, if he could get of his six 
 horses only the three mares. It is my opinion therefore that these people ought to be satisfied 
 and trusting that your Honor will make the proper arrangements I close on account of the urgency 
 of the skippers, while I remain with cordial greetings 
 
 Beverwyck, Your Honor's obedient 
 
 the 29'" June 1663. J. De Deckere. 
 
 His Honor Petrus Stuyvesant, Director-General of Neu3-Netherland at the Manhatans. 
 
 Letter from Robert Treat of Milfoed, Conn, to Director Stuyvesant in 
 
 REGARD to THE PROPOSED EnGLISH SETTLEMENT ON THE KiL VAN KoL. 
 
 After my humble p''sentation of many thanks to yo' Lo""" for all yo' former expressions of 
 you' Loue and kindnesse doe sende greetings : And being thereby encouraged to p''sent you w"" 
 these leines.intreating so much fauo'' of yo' Lo"'' when yo"' leisure wil by the first p'mit and if you 
 se cause any longer and further to encourage the companie or sucli of them as haue been waiteing 
 for M'' TF^'w<Arc)/)s coming to put to an end all p'tended claims to y° lands vnder treatie w'" 
 yo'selfe & Hono'"' Counsell thato'' neighbo" thereby seemed to hinder and obstruct y'' matter what 
 they could. And also to hear what encourageing answers or returnes you may haue Receaued 
 from yo' Lo"** in Holland after which they haue been and are still much waiteing to see if you 
 haue receaued any further liberty and power to encourage And will be pleased to let them 
 vnderstand the same, w'ch if they may obtaine this request of you they wil acquaint one another 
 
Nev) Yoj'k Ilistoi iced Reconh. 267 
 
 therew"' & promise to returiie jou and answer \-pon wliat tearmes tliey will proceed if tliey do at 
 all speedily And whether or noe it is not within Vdnrconipasso to graiint them free liberty as 
 vnder your Authority & Province payeing all dues & duties as shall be agreed vpon thi^y may 
 not be a free people of themselues to act sulxirdinately for themselues both in all Civil! & Ecle- 
 siastieall Respects And not further at present to trouble saueiug my humble desire to pardon my 
 boldnes and obruptnes and to fauo' me with an answer heerto by this bearer Jo. Alsup and to 
 take leaue to subscribe myselfe 
 
 As I am yimr loueini;- freiiul to Command 
 MUford, y 29'" June 1663. ' iu what 1 may 
 
 Robert Teeait. 
 
 Letter from Matiteus Capito, Secretary at WiLTWYtnc to Director Stuyve- 
 sant; nis wife killed aud burned with all his effects; re^uksts a supply 
 of cloth lng. 
 
 Xoble, Honorable, Very Worshipful, Wise, Prudent and Very Discreet Gentlemen. 
 Gentlemen Whereas I, your Ilon^'" Worships' humble petitioner, have also been brought to 
 ruin during these late troubles in the village of WiltwycJc, caused by the savages, not having lost 
 only iny dear wife, who was killed by the barbarians and then burned with the house, to which 
 they set tire, but in the same fire also all my movable eft'ects, that nothing else is left to me, but 
 my honest name. Now, as I need during my further life for covering my body and keeping it 
 clean some linen and cloth, which at present cannot be obtained here and which even if it weve 
 to be had here, I cannot pay for, therefore I am compelled to turn to your Hon'''"' Worships with 
 my humble and respectful petition, that your Hon''"' Wor.ships, in pity of my distressed circum- 
 stances and miseiy, will please to assist me and provide me with low-priced clothing, to wit, some 
 cheap, plain cloth for a suit of clothes and wdiat is needed for it, two or three store-shirts or linen 
 to make them, one or one and a half els of linen for handkerchiefs and nightcaps, a blanket and 
 enough coarse linen for a straw tick and a pillow, two pair of Icelandish socks and a pair of shoes 
 and charge these goods according to their prices to my account ; I promise to make it good to 
 your Hon'"'-' Worships, as soon as I can and as with God's blessing I shall have again prospered 
 somewhat. Not doubting I e.xpect to receive tliem by the first opportunity, because my needy 
 circumstances recjuire them. Closing with my greetings I commend your Hon'"'" Worships to the 
 Almighty's protection, wishing and praying sincerely, that the good God will save your Hou'''^ 
 Worships and us all from all such and similar misfortunes' and troubles, while I remain 
 Actum at Wiltwych, Your Hon''"' Worships humble 
 
 the 29"" June 1663. subject and obedient servant 
 
 Matheus Capito m. p. 
 
 To the Noble, Honorable, Yery Worshipful, Wise Prudent and Yery Discreet Director- 
 General and Council of New-Netherland at Fort Amsterdam in New-Neiherland. 
 
268 Colonial Settlements on tJie Hudson River. 
 
 Letter from Councillor de Decker to Director Stdyvesant ; information 
 
 RESPECTING THE I'RISONERS ; NO VOLUNTEERS TO BE OBTAINED AT FoRT OkANGE. 
 
 Sir. 
 
 If wo might rely on uncertain and vague rumors, then our prisoners have been distributed 
 and scattered and there since the last attack at the Esopus. Anyway Mons' Corlaer reported to 
 me yesterday, that he had learned from a savage, who had been peddling brandy towards the 
 Catshils, that he had seen and spoken with deaf Hester, her child and two or three other women ; 
 he had advised Hester to try and escape, while the savages lay intoxicated, but that she had had 
 fears and did not dare to do it. The same savage was willing to go again on the same errand to 
 the Catshils with the daughter of the said Hester, who lives here, persuaded thereto by the 
 promise of a musket and some trifles, if he should endeavor and try to carry away and bring 
 hither mother and daughter, after having made the savages drunk. Time will show, what will be 
 the result of the undertaking. 
 
 There is little prospect here, to enlist a dozen soldiers or to obtain volunteers, and your Honor 
 must therefore not rely much upon it. De jjresentihus nan de futuris gaudet ecclesia. Closing 
 with hearty greetings I remain, 
 
 Sir, 
 Beverwych, Your Honor's affectionate friend 
 
 29'" June 1663. J. de Deckere. 
 
 1663. 
 
 To His Honor, Petrtis Stuyvcsant Director- General of New-Netherland at the Manhatans. 
 
 Appointment of shlitaky officers for Bergen and Gemoenepa. 
 30'" June. 
 
 The Director-General and Council of New-Netherland selected from the nominees proposed 
 by the Schout and Schepens of the village of Bergen and its neighborhood and confirmed for the 
 village of Bergen 
 
 Adriaen Post as Ensign 
 Jan Swaen as Sergeant 
 for Gemoenepa as Sergeants 
 Harmen Smeeman 
 Gerrit Gerritsen 
 Actum at Fort Amsterdam. Date as above. 
 
 Commission of Martin Creqier to be Captain-Lieutenant and Commander of the foeoes. 
 
 Petrus Stuyvesant, in behalf of their High : Might : the Lords States-General of the United 
 Netherlands and the Lords-Directors of the Incorporated West-India Company, Director-General 
 of New-Netlierland and the Honorable Council Greeting ! 
 
 Whereas wo have deemed it necessary for the greater security and protection of this jjrovince 
 and its good inhabitants, to engage and keep in service besides the old soldiers a considerable 
 number of new ones, for which we required a good and experienced person, to command under 
 the orders and in the absence of the aforesaid Hon"'^ Du-ector and Captain-General Petrus Stuy- 
 vesant as Captain-Lieutenant over his company and all other military ofiicers, therefore relying 
 
New York Historical liccords. 2^)9 
 
 Tipon the piety, fitness and the good iiiiiiingGincut of Marten Crieger, Burgomaster of this city, 
 who has ah-eady served tlie Ilon''''^ Coiuixuiy uiidur our directions in several other military capaci- 
 ties and whose services have well pleased us, we have engaged, appointed and commissioned the 
 said Marten Crieger, as we hereby engage, appoint and commission him as Captain Lieutenant over 
 all our military, to command the same agreeably to the instructions already given or hereafter to 
 be given, to drill, to march them up and down and have them commanded, drilled and marched 
 up and down by other, his subaltern officers, as the situation and circumstances of affairs shall 
 require it for the best of the Company and tlic greater safety of the country ; and to do further 
 in our absence everything, which a good, pious and faithful Captain-Lieutenant is in duty bound 
 to do, conform to tlie oatli to be takru in (uir presence. After he has taken the same we summon, 
 order and command herewith all and everybody, whom this concerns, and especially all our officers 
 aTid private soldiers to respect, accept, acknowledge and obey the said Marten Crieger as our 
 Captain-Lieutenant, each in his position and rank, because we have thus deemed it necessary for 
 the benefit of the Hon"'" Company, the better protection of the country and the better employment 
 of the military. Thus done and given at Fort Aiiist<rda)ii in New-Nethcrland, the 30"' of Juntj 
 1663. 
 
 Capt. Lieut. Cregier took the following uath 
 
 I promise and swear, to be faithful and true to their Noble High: Might:, the Lords States- 
 General of the United Netherlands, to the Noble Lords-Director of the Licorporated West-India 
 Company and their ILju''''^ Director-General and Council, to serve them honestly and piously, as 
 it behooves a good, pious and faithful Captain-Lieutenant to. So help me God Almighty ! 
 
 Nota : The foregoing oath was also taken by the Lieutenants Pieter Wol;phertsenvan Couwen- 
 huven and Nicolas Stillewil. 
 
 Instructions for Cai-tain Cregier. 
 
 Provisional instructions for the Captain- 
 Lieutenant, Marten Crieger and the Coun- 
 cil of War. 
 1. 
 The Council of War shall be composed of the said Captain-Lieutenant, Lieutenant Nicolas 
 StiUeioel, Pieter Wolj)hertsen, Captain-Lieutenant of a detachment of natives and volunteers, the 
 oldest Sergeant CAridian Niessen and to their decision are left all matters of war as well in send- 
 ing out parties as concerning the expedition in general, which are to be decided by plurality of 
 votes and in case of a tie, Captain-Lieutenant Crieger shall cast a double vote. 
 
 If one or two members of the .said Council sIkiuM liappon to be absent, it is left to the dis- 
 cretion of the Captain-Lieutenant to associate with liiniself such jiersons, as he may think most 
 able and fit. 
 
 3. 
 
 It is also left to the discretion of the Captain-Lieutenant and Council to associate with them- 
 selves in grave and unexpected events some person.s, selected either from the magistrates of ^Yilt- 
 wyck village or other civil officers, whom the Captain-Lieutenant and Council shall judge most fit. 
 
270 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 4. 
 "Whereas the Director-General and Council have as yet no certain and sufficient reports and 
 knowledge, what assistance by other tribes the Esopus savages may have received and what their 
 strength may be in their fort and also in the field, they can hardly give any fuither orders, how 
 and with what forces the savages must be attacked. They leave it therefore to the better and 
 surer experience of the said Captain-Lieutenant and Council, but the Director-General and Council 
 are in the meantime of opinion, that, if the savages should make resistance in tlieir fort, as their 
 intention is said to be, they must not be attacked and fought with less troops, than they them- 
 selves are reported and thought to have inside, so that we may not be compelled to give it up with 
 losses and without having accomplished anything. 
 
 5. 
 For the benefit of the Christian captives and in order to gain as much time as possible, they 
 may hold parleys with the Esopus savages, also make an armistice for as long a time, as they shall 
 think best for the public welfare and the Christian prisoners, but they must in no case enter upon 
 peace-negotiations without special order of the Director-General and Council. 
 
 6. 
 It is further left absolutely to the discretion of the Captain-Lieutenant and his Council of 
 War to act, if an opportunity should present itself, that with good information they might make a 
 successful attempt on the fort of the savages, perhaps by a surprise or if they have reason to hope, 
 that they will become masters of it. 
 
 The aforesaid Council is filially directed, to use all possible precautions in sending out parties 
 for the protection of the coming harvest and the cattle, to send out as frequently and iu as good 
 order and with all precautions as many parties, as they may think fit and as circumstances require, 
 especially if no general attack is made on our fort ; by every chance, which presents itself, they 
 must report in detail to the Director-General and Council, what has taken place and what else is 
 required and necessary. Thus done at Eort Amsterdam in New- Netherlands the 30"' of June 
 1663. 
 
 Report of Lieptenant Couwenuoven and others of their ill success in rais- 
 ing VOLUNTEERS ON LoNG-IsLAND AND DECLARATION CONCERNING ri. 
 
 Before the CounciUappeared Pieter Wolphertsen van Couioenlioven, Nicolas Stillwell and 
 Sam.uel Edsal, who had been to the English villages Ilemsteede, Vlissingien, Middleborgh and 
 Rustdoj'p, to see, whether there were some volunteers willing to take part in an e.xpedition to the 
 Esopus in the Hon''''' Company's service. They report, that in the beginning some men showed 
 themselves willing, but that they were persuaded by some of the Magistrates and other persons to 
 remain and not to march out, so that they could not accomplish anything; not more than 5 or 6 
 men will come down from the aforesaid villages. (S"* July 1663.) 
 
 Christian Jacohsen Wolf son, declares, that he has heard, Witloch and James Graver, inhabit- 
 tants of Gravesend on Long-Island, had written to and been personally in several English villages 
 
New York Illdorical lieconls. 271 
 
 under this government, to dissuade the inhabitants from marching to the Enojms. Thus it was 
 reported and declared in our presence at Fort Amsterdam in New-Nethcrland the S"" of July 
 1663. 
 
 P. Stuyvesant. 
 
 NiCASIUS DE SiLLE. 
 
 Letter from the military officers at Bergen ■ 
 
 PRESSING I-HEIR WILLINGNESS TO COMPLY WITH 
 NA3IES OF VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 <i THE Director-General ex- 
 
 niS REQUISITION AND SENDING 
 
 The Council of AYar of the village of Bergen in New-Netherland inform his Hon''"' Worship, 
 the Dii'ector-General, that they have received his Ilon*'^ Worship's letter and learned his request, 
 by which the Council of War dnd themselves heavily taxed, to contribute some soldiers notwith- 
 standing the weakness of the village, for they think, under correction, that it too recpiires assist- 
 ance, considering the dangerous location. 
 
 Ilowever, that your Hon'''" Worship may know the affection of the community on this side 
 and learn of its existence, the Council has read your Hon''''' Worship's letter to the community and 
 encouraged some as much as possible, as the following list shows ; but only under such condition, 
 that, if our village is in need, we shall receive assistance from your Hon'"" Worship and the other 
 villages, upon which the request has been carried out, with the understanding, that the volunteers 
 are not to go any farther, than the neighboring villages, if they are in need and attacked and ex- 
 pressly excluding the Esop-us and that the volunteers be provided with good arms as promised, 
 upon which a man may rely for his safety in such an adventure,_the same to be delivered here 
 either in the officer's or the Lieutenant's house and to be kept ready for every occasion, when 
 your Hon''"' Worship shall need these men. We commend your Hon''''' Worship to the jirotection 
 of God. 
 
 Neio-Netherland, the 1' 
 
 Thus done at Bergen 
 of War. 
 
 List of volunteers. 
 Arendt Lawrensoi Evert Gerritsen 
 
 Elias Jansen At Gemoenepa. 
 
 Pieter Rasselt Joost van der Linde 
 
 Claes Argansen Cornells Lxdjhcrsen. 
 
 Jan Hagell 
 
 July 1<jG3 in the meeting of the Council 
 
 Resolution of the 
 Council of War 
 of Bergen village 
 in N. N. 
 TiELMAN VAN Vleeck, Secr>'. 
 
 Information furnished by Rachel La Montagne, wife of Gyshert van Imborgh, 
 
 LATE a prisoner AMONG THE EsOPUS INDIANS. 
 
 Information given on the 4"" of July 1663 at Wildwych by Rachel, the wife of Mr. Gyshert 
 van Irnioi'gh, who has been a prisoner among the Esopus Indians, according to the instructions 
 given to Sieur Jan Daret from Fort Orange by Johan de DecTcere. 
 
 To the first question, in what direction the fort of the 
 says, towards the south at a distance of about 8 hours' marcli 
 
 lying from Wiltwyoh, she 
 
272 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 To the second, the road there is a good footpath and it is possible to get by wagon in about 
 one or two hours from Wiltwyck to their fort, there are only one or two bad hills on the road. 
 
 Thirdly : on the road there 3 or 4 little creeks will be found, about one or two hours' march 
 from their fort, the creeks are almost dry and easily crossed, the largest is 5 or (i paces wide. 
 
 Fourthly : their fort is situated at the foot of a hill and leans on to it on one side, on the 
 other sides the land is flat, a creek washing one corner of the fort. 
 
 Fifthly : the fort is fortified with palisades on the creek side and all around ; the palisades 
 could easily be pulled out ; the creek is not deep near the fort and at 3 or 4 places there are rocks 
 in it, so that it is easy to get across ; the creek is as wide, as the creek near EhbingKs land. 
 
 Sixth : there is a good view of the surrounding country from the fort. 
 
 Seventh : the fort is large, a little larger than the fort at Fort Orange, where his Honor, Mr. 
 La Montague lives ; it has two rows of palisades put up like chevaux-de-frise, through which it is 
 easy to pass ; they are putting up a thii-d row of palisades close to each other, with port holes like 
 those in Wiltwych ; the fort has two gates, one to the south, the other to tlie north. 
 
 Eighth : ten dwellings are in the fort and she has not seen more, than about 30 men, who 
 guard tlie fort and she says further, that they were in great anxiety about their wives and children 
 and that they lodge thena outside or the fort during the night, sometimes with the prisoners, when 
 a startling rumor readies them and they do not rely much on 
 
 Lastly : (illegible). 
 
 Letter from Captain Cregier to Director Stuyvesant ; reports nis aeeival at 
 'j'HE Esopus ; escape of Mrs. van Ijvibokgh. 
 
 Noble, Honorable, Very "Worshipful, Wise, Prudent, Yery Discreet Sir. 
 
 I arrived here at the Esopus near the Kedoubt with the yachts on the 4"" July and sent imme- 
 diately 40 men up to Wiltwyck to get wagons; they returned about one hour after noon with 9 
 wagons, we have loaded on them, as much as we could and towards evening I and my detach- 
 ment and the wagons arrived at Wiltwyck. I found the people here in low spirits, but upon my 
 arrival their courage revived, for the day before my arrival they had sent three barges with cattle, 
 about 100 lieads, to Eort Orange and everything is wanting here ;_ the soldiers here have received 
 their last ration ; nor have I found any hard bread, for it was consumed before they had arrived 
 with the yachts ; what I have brought with me will hardly be sufficient for a month, including 
 the troops brought along by me and those found here ; hence your Honor will please, to provide 
 these troops in times with victuals and ammunition, of which I send herewith a specification. I 
 have had no rencontre either in landing at the Esopus nor in marching up, but during the dis- 
 charging and landing of tlie troops 3 savages could at all times be seen on a hill and wliile we 
 marched into Wiltwyck the sentry saw also two savages ; for this reason I place some men in 
 ambush during the night at some convenient time, to try whether we cannot obtain some prisoners. 
 We are now busy to bring our goods up from tlie strand to the Esopus. When I arrived at the 
 Esopus, I found there the Maquaes, who had been to see the Esopus savages about the prisoners, 
 but they brought no one witli tiiem, except Mr. OysberVs wife ; the savages and Mr. OysberCs 
 wife had been examined by the Magistrates here, the day before my arrival, as to her adventures ; 
 the Magistrates are sending the result of the examination to your Honor; as the Maq^uaes ^m^ 
 Mr. Gysberfs wife say, the savages have never more than 30 men in the fort, but they are always 
 
New Yorl; Historical Reconh. 273 
 
 out on expeditions; I shall try to verify tliis, as far as possible. Mr. (lijxhrrfa wife says, the 
 savages were busy putting up a third row of palisades around their fort and that (hey had also 
 made a breastwork for the protection of their watering place, but they were nevertheless afraid of 
 the Dutch, so that they had taken all the prisoners out of the fort into the mountains during several 
 Tiights and had them guarded together with their wives and children and old men, only the men, 
 able to bear arms, remaining in tlie fort to guard it. A Maquaes chief, who brought away Ifr. 
 Gysberfs wife, says, when he returns to the Maquaes fort, he shall ask the other chiefs, whether 
 they will go with 40 savages to the Esopus savages and carry off the prisoners by force. I am of 
 opinion, that we are able to take the fort of the savages, but as they bring the prisoners innnedi- 
 ately into the mountains ui)on rumors and for fear, that the Dutch are coming, and leave oidy a 
 few savages in the fort, who, when they see lis, will take to their heels, so that we could not 
 accomplish anything, therefore I propose, to await first the arrival of Pider Woljjheiiscn and his 
 savages and to see, what they can do or to wait for the result of the Maquaes' attempt for the 
 recovery of the prisoners. I expect hereon your Honor's order and shall in the meantime do my 
 best, to inflict as many injuries to them in the woods, as we can. I am not able to send your 
 Honor a complete list at present, fur I have now too much to do to bring the goods xiy from the 
 strand, but I will say, that we number here about 130 men bearing arms, all counted except the 
 negroes, nine of them are wounded and six are at the Redoubt and there are about 9 or 10 among 
 them, who cannot march out, so that we cannot bring much more than 100 men bearing arms into 
 the field. Your Honor will please to take care, that the ordered goods be sent by the first oppor- 
 tunity, for we cannot get anything here, it must all be brought from the Man/iatans. I would 
 jirefer bacon instead of meat, for it is better for expeditions, reconnoitering parties and ambus- 
 cades ; nothing or only little can be ground here on account of little water ; hence all the grain 
 must be ground at the Manhatans and packed in good barrels, for the cooper had not looked well 
 after the barrels, which I brought away; the middle hoop must be better secured with nails. 
 Closing with my cordial salutations I commend your Honorable AYorshijJS to God's protection. 
 Actum Wiltivyck, Your Honorable AVoi-ships' 
 
 the S"" July 1663. obedient and faithful servant 
 
 Martin Ceegier. 
 To the Noble, Honorable, Very Worshipful, Wise, Prudent and Very Discreet, the Director- 
 General and Council of New-Nethe viand at Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherland. 
 
 Report of the Indians sent to negotiate with tuose of the Esorus (beginning lost). 
 
 they said, " where is the cloth, powder, lead and black wampum " and " no more than live bun- 
 dles of wampum?" and they refused the present, holding the Duteh not better than dogs and 
 would not hear one of them. 
 
 •1. 
 Towards evening Cunackquaeese said to the Esopus savages. Shall I not even bring a child 
 to my masters, having so many presents and having made such a long journey, and he offered 
 again the cloth, which had been given him as a pi-rsent by the Court liere, together with his own 
 strings of wampum, whereupon the K.\i>pii.-< Sarboms went all to sleep, excei)t one, called Pami- 
 rawachginclc, who had Mr. Gyshert van ///iJju/y/>\i wife as prisoner; he touched his hand and took 
 35 
 
274 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 the present, putting it away lie said, I shall not keep a bead of this wampum, I shall have to 
 distribute it among the mischiefmakers, to satisfy them. 
 
 5. 
 After they had given to him the wampum, he consented, that they should take with them 
 next morning the captured woman, whereupon they requested permission to take another prisoner, 
 but it was refused. 
 
 6. 
 
 Next morning, at daybreak, the Sachem had left and he asked, where is she, Mhom I liave 
 ransomed? The other savages then wanted to return the presents to him, but he said, Do you 
 mean to fool us ? If we had our arms with ns, we would take her by force, for you have accepted 
 the presents and our custom is to keep a promise after having accepted a present. 
 
 7. 
 Ho says further, that both of them had as much to do with the Esojnis savages for two days, 
 as it was possible in the above matter. 
 
 lie says further, that they were willing to keep at peace with the people of Catsk'd, of Fort 
 Orange and the Mahicanders and Maquas, but not by any means with the Esapus people, against 
 whom they would make war with fire and sword to the last man and they add, that if the Esopus 
 people do not leave the place and abandon the land, they will drive them out by fire and sword. 
 
 9. 
 They ai-e weak now and have only a small castle, but they will spread from the Esopusio the 
 Manhatans, if the Christians do not obey their commands, whereupon they gave to them, the 
 Maquaes, a present of some wampum, to grease their feet, if they might hurt them against a 
 stone on their journey and thanked them for their troubles. 
 
 10. 
 To prevent the bringing in of the harvest, they are said to lie in small detachments on all 
 roads and paths. Shall they be asked by our Masters for an armistice, to gather the crops and 
 shall the land then be deserted or purchased again from them in the presence of other tribes, as it 
 has been done before ? 
 
 11. 
 
 Smits Jem said especially this : If the Dutch will not abandon the Esopus nor make peace 
 with the Esopus savages, what then about the release of the prisoners ? for he himself neither saw 
 nor knew any better means, than to go with 44 McKjuaes, there being 4-1 prisoners still in their 
 hands, to the castle of the Esopus savages and thus to get each a prisoner and bring him away. 
 
 Jan Daeeth, interpreter. 
 
 Agrees with the original, as recorded by tlie Schout, Commissaries and Council of "War at 
 Wiltwyck, which attests 
 
 MA'rrHEUs Capito, Secretary. 
 
 \ 
 
New Yorl Uidovical Recoi-(h 
 
 MiNUTK OF THE CoURT AT "WlLDWTCK. 
 
 275 
 
 On the 5'" of July Sieur Jan Daret came to the Magistrates here at Wiltioyck and stated tliat 
 the Maquaes had forgotten to say in their report as to the best way to release the prisoners in a 
 sensible manner, that the Esopus savages had tcilil tlieni, they cared not so much for the captured 
 savages, as for the payment for the large tract of land, called the New Tillage, but if the sum to 
 pay it should be bnmglit there by the Maqufce-^ or sonieljody else, they would liberate the prison- 
 ers and return them. 
 
 The Commissary Thomas Chamlers engages himself, to refute i.rompdy all the propositions 
 which the Eso])us have made to the Maquaes and Mahicanders, if it slionld be required by any 
 court. 
 
 Agrees with the minute, taken at the meet- 
 ing of the Schont, Commissaries and Council 
 of War, which is attested by 
 
 Mattheus Capito, Secretary. 
 
 Letter from Director Stuyvesant to the aljthokities at Fort Orange; the 
 Catskil Indians must not nAKBou any Esopus Indians. 
 
 Honorable, Prudent and Very Discreet Gentlemen. 
 
 I am informed and told by good authority, that some Esojnis savages, especially women and 
 children are staying in and near the Cat.skils and have also planted corn there, wliich would be 
 very easy to destroy. Tlie officers of our mihtary force have therefore requested our orders to do 
 it, but, although we consider it necessaiy, yet to add to the strength of our just cause also with 
 the CatsMl savages, who set themselves up if not as our declared enemies, at least as protectors of 
 our enemies, and to keep free from blame and evil report, we have resolved first to inform your 
 Honors of it requesting, that your Honors will tell the Maquaes and Cutshil savages in our behalf, 
 not to suffer any Esopus savages among themselves, because we shall be obliged to hunt them up, 
 wherever we may find them and as it is difficult to distinguish one tribe from the other on such 
 an occasion we wish to clear us hereby beforehand, if during the search for and seizure of the 
 Esopxis some Catskil or other savages should be attacked. Meanwhile your Honors may give such 
 information and warnings to the farmers in the country, as your Honors should deem proper. 
 the 1)"' July l(i»;3. ' 
 
 To the Courts of Fort Orange and the Colony of Renssdaerswijck. 
 
276 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Peoposals made to Sachems of the River and Staten-Island Indians and 
 
 THEIE answers. 
 
 ? On the 10"' of July the following chiefs 
 came summoned by Oratam, the chief of 
 Hackinkesaky , pursuant to the conditions 
 made with him on the 27"" of May, to wit : 
 SavAjoenaare, chief of Wiechquaeskeck, Met- 
 sewackos, chief of Kichtaioangh, alias 
 keeper's haven. Here follows the proposi- 
 tion made to them and what they answered 
 in the presence of Oratami, the chief of Ach- 
 kingkesacky, Waerhen Kastanyh and several 
 other savages, Sara Kierstecde acting as 
 interpreter. 
 
 1. That now about 14 days ago there had been summoned by us and had also come, the chief 
 of Staten-Island, Matteiw, and the chief of Achkingkesaky, Oratam, who had renewed the peace 
 with us and upon that occasion we had requested them to inform, to warn or to ask the other 
 Sachems, that they too should come hero and declare, what their opinion was in regard to the 
 troubles with the Esojpus savages and whether they would continue the peace with us, so that we 
 might know our friends to distinguish them from our enemies. 
 
 They answered hereupon, that they agreed with Oratam and Matteno and that, what Ora- 
 tam and Matteno had said and promised was as much, as if they themselves had said and promised 
 it. They say, that they too are willing to continne at peace with us. 
 
 2. That the peace may be kept well, it is necessary, that they should pay no attention what- 
 ever to the Esopus savages, that they should not allow any of their people to go to them or to the 
 Esopus, that our people could not distinguish the savages and that we should take all the savages 
 found there as enemies, that they must not allow any Esojjus savage to come among them, for 
 that would be a cause of war between us and them. 
 
 They promise in regard to the second point, that they will not trouble themselves with the 
 Esopus savages and say, if some of their people should go to the Esopus savages, they will not 
 receive them again. 
 
 3. They are informed, that we have charged all the farmers in the open country, not to trust 
 any savage, coming with arms, nor to let him come into their places, so that they may not be 
 unexpectedly surprised, as it has happened at the Esopus ; they must therefore warn all their 
 savages and all their friends, not to come armed to our villages ; nobody from our side shall come 
 with arms to their settlements, without giving them previous notice and stating, where he 
 wanted to go. 
 
 They answered heren]K)ii, that tlioy would act accordingly. 
 
 4. "Whether they know, what allies the Esopus savages have iiiul who has heli)ed them in 
 this attack. 
 
 Oratam answers, that ho has not heard yet, that other savages held with the E-wjnis, except 
 the Menessinghs. 
 
 As a sign of our good heart and in confirmation of the renewed peace a coat, a piece of 
 cloth, a shirt and a knife was given to each of the chiefs of Kichtawangh and Wiechquaeskeck ^ 
 
jVc-w York Ilidorical Ji'ttor</s. 077 
 
 tlie eleven savages, who had accompanied them inchiding OratiMn, tlie chitf .if IldchitK/hsali/, 
 in whose presence the proposals were made, received 
 Each a piece of cloth and a knife. 
 
 They received these presents thankfully and the aforesaid chiefs were once more warned and 
 requested, to communicate to their savages, that they must not go to the Esopus nor allow an 
 Enopus to hide among them, for it is our intention, to pursue them, wherever they could Le found, 
 even if it were way off in the Maquaes' country. 
 
 They promise not to allow any savage to hide among them. 
 
 After this had taken place, the chiefs complained, that the Dutch sold so much brandy to 
 the savages, that they even carried it into their country. 
 
 They were told, that we tried to prevent it as much as possible, hut that we could not very 
 well discover it, because the savages would not tell us, from whom tliey bought and who brought 
 it into their country, also that we had authorized Oratam, the chief of Hacl'lnkemcky, a long time 
 ago, to arrest the Dutchmen, who came into their country to peddle brandy. 
 
 Their reply hereto was, that they were cheated by the Dutch., who say, his Ilonor, the Gen- 
 eral, was informed of it and had given his consent; tXiat Pietef Wolplbertscn had been in their 
 country and showed them a letter, saying, it was written therein, tliat he might go into their 
 country to sell brandy, that he had been there and taken away with him a hu-ge quantity (heele 
 nootas) of wampum, whereby their savages were entirely empovcrishcd, for they always wanted 
 it again, if they had had a taste of it. 
 
 We listened to them and took it into consideration and then authorized the savages, to an-est 
 all the Dutchmen, who brought brandy into tlieir country and to bring them here in fetters. 
 We jtromised, that they should have a piece of cloth for a coat besides the brandy, winch such 
 persons should carry, and he, who brought in the fii-st, should have two pieces. Thus done at 
 Fort Amster'dam in N ew-N eiherland in the Council-chamber. Date as above. 
 
 OEOmANCE FOR THE .UlREST OF UOSTILK InDIAXS, PASSED 12'"' JtJLT 1(>G3. 
 (Laws of New Netherland, p. 444.) 
 
 Letter from Director Stityvesant to the Magistrates at Fort Orange; he 
 offers to pay a reward for the release of the christian pki30neks. 
 
 Honorable, Dear, Faithful Friends. 
 
 Your Honors' favor of the 23'' June lias been received by us in due time, wherein we 
 found little requiring an answer, e.xcept your Honors' request to be informed, wiio the volunteers 
 are said to have been, whom your Honors were reported to have prevented from going to the 
 assistance of the Esopus people and who has told us so. Tlio names have not been given to us, 
 but the fact, that many, who offered their services as volunteers, liave been prevented by your 
 Honors, has been reported to us not only by the men, liired and plac(;d by your Honors upon Claes 
 TyaerbS yacht, but also since by many others, so that we would not lack jiroof, if the cabbage 
 was worth the soup. We shall let the matter rest here, as far as we are concerned and say only 
 
278 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson Miver. 
 
 about it, that if your Honors should happen to get into similar troubles there, against which the 
 Only good God may protect you as he has done until now, your Honors would wish to see 
 assistance come the sooner the better ; the golden lesson of Christ requires, Do as thou wilt be 
 done. 
 
 The efforts made by your Honors in the speedy dispatch to the Esopus of Jan Darett, 
 Sniits Jan and some other Maquas to release the captive Christians from the hands of the Esopus 
 have pleased us very much, notwithstanding that so little has been accomplished by them. We 
 must infer therefrom, that as little reliance can be placed upon this as upon other tribes of bar- 
 barians ; we desire heartily to receive assurance and proof of the result of Smits JarCs proposi- 
 tion, to go with 44 Maquaes to the Esopus fort, to take each a prisoner by the hand and carry 
 him off, even if we had to promise a considerable present, say one hundred giiilders or more for 
 each Christian prisoner, small or large, returned in that way. Tour Honors must use all possible 
 means to bring this about, but, as we have stated before, without engaging us in any way for a 
 peace or an armistice with the Esopus or any of their adherers and accomplices. 
 
 Although we have provided our Captain-Lieutenant Eryger with a considerable quantity of 
 gunpowder, when he left here, we are now however informed by him, that the same is a little 
 too coarse and not quite suitable for muskets and flintlocks. Tour Honors are therefore requested, 
 to order for us 2 or 300 lbs. of good, fine musket powder, which we engage to return as soon as 
 we receive any by the next ships from the Fatherland. Please send it to our aforesaid Capt.- 
 Lieutenant, wherewith etc". 
 the 12th July 1663. 
 
 To both the Courts of Fort Oranye and of the Colony of Rejiselaernwyck. ' 
 
 Letter feom Director Stutvesant to Councillor de Deckbre at Fort Orange ; 
 Sergeant Niessen promoted for his successful attack on the Indians ; peace 
 wrrH the Indians around the Manhatans. 
 
 Honorable, Prudent and Very Discreet Sir. 
 
 Your Honor's favors of the 26"" and 29"" June with their respective enclosures have been 
 received by us in due time. We learned from them among others with especial pleasure and grate- 
 fulness to the good God the successful attack made by our people under the command of Sergeant 
 Niessen on the barbarians. For the encouragement of others and of himself we have given him 
 the ensign's place. 
 
 We are well satisfied with the expedition of Jan Darett and Smits Jan with some other 
 Maquaes to the Esopus savages, although we must regret, that they have accomplished so little. 
 Meanwhile we are very eager to learn, what has been the result of the second proposition of the 
 aforesaid Smits Jan to go there with 44 Maquaes and take each a prisoner by the hand. It is 
 desirable, that the captured Christians should be released in this manner, even if we had to promise 
 a considerable reward up to one hundred guilders or more for each Christian captive, either young 
 or old; all possible endeavors must be made, without however engaging us in any way towards 
 the Esopus for the slightest hope of peace or armistice. We see by your Honor's letter of the 
 29"" June, that since the last attack, made by our people upon the Esopus, the captured Christians 
 have been scattered here and there among the others tribes, as deaf Hester and her child among 
 
New York Hidorical lieconh. 27r» 
 
 the CatsJcil savages, a probable proof, that one or the other tribe has had a hand in the execrable 
 deed and must be considered and treated as enemies and it must be further presumed that neither 
 the Esopus nor their aUies will make much resistance in their forts, notwithstanding their boast- 
 ings, but that they will disperse in small detachments here and there among other tribes. We 
 recommend and trust to your Honor's circumspection to gather as secret and exact infornuitioii in 
 regard to the one and tlie other as possible and to report the result to Captain-Lieutenant Erycjer, 
 that he may make use of it upon occasion. 
 
 The shortness of tune and necessary business do not allow us to arrange every thing as we 
 desire and as it ought to be done, especially what your Honor complains of in regard to the former 
 and still daily occurring affronts and injuries done to your Honor by this or that unreasonable and 
 evilminded person. Your Honor will meanwhile please to feel assured and trust, that we shall 
 not leave your Honor nor anybody else without support in due time and place, much less that for 
 our own defense we shall refuse to testify to the truth concerning your Honor's innocence in pre- 
 venting the pretended present to the barbarians and in the discharging of the military ; but it is 
 well to remember here, that a word in season is like a silver apple in a golden peel. 
 
 More important matters and at present the urgent requests of the yachts people for permission 
 to sail prevent me to write to our friends Philips Eietcrsen, Yolckert Jansen and company con- 
 cerning your Honor's and their request for their horses and cattle, wliich are not nor have been 
 detained there by any order of ours, if they are not already sent or delivered as we hope, for 
 Capt.-Lieut. Martyn Kryger reports, that on the day before his arrival there, about one hundred 
 heads of cattle and horses had gone in three barges from the Eaopus to Fort Orange. We agree 
 with your Honor's opinion, that everybody ought to be and remain master of his own. 
 
 Willeni Boyardus reports upon his return, that the farmer of the excise there had about one 
 thousand guilders on hand and had offered to send them down with him, but that your Honor had 
 received the money and kept it until your Honor should come here; this has astonished our 
 Receiver van liuyven very much ; in some necessary matters, especially the enlisting of soldiers 
 he is somewhat in arrears, anyway he has been compelled to borrow wampum for the time being 
 and beavers, at IG guilders for a beaver, which, if he had had that sum, he might have avoided 
 up to that amount. Tour Honor is earnestly recommended to send down the same and what 
 other amounts may be on hand there. 
 
 We have renewed the peace with the savages around here ; if the heart is as good as the 
 mouth, then we may hope for a good result. Affairs in tlie Fatherland are in statu quo prius. 
 No more herewith after our salutations than to commend your Honor to God's grace. 
 12'" July A" 1663. 
 
 To the Honorable, Prudent and Yery Discreet, his Honor Johan de Deckere, Member of the 
 High Council of New-Netheda/nd, at present at Beverwyck. 
 
 ExTEACT FROM A LETTER OF DIRECTOR StUTVESANT TO THE ViCE-DlRECTOR AT 
 CUKACAO ; THE WAR AGAINST THE EsOPUS InDIANS AND THE EES0DECE8 OF THE 
 COUNTRY ; ASSISTAI^CE IN MERCHANDISE ASKED FROM CuKACAO 20™ JuLY 1663. 
 
 ****** 
 
 Through the treachery of tlie Exopu.'i savages and their adlierents we are again involved into 
 an offensive and defensive war against them ; it is more properly speaking a defensive war for the 
 
280 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 protection and security of tlie apparently good crops, which so far have not suffered the least dam- 
 age, thanks to the good God, but it is also an aggressive war, for we have already attacked them 
 once or twice, whenever we could find them. The safety of the country and the desire to subdue 
 by legitimate means and with God's help and blessing this false and barbarous tribe once for all, 
 have compelled us to engage a considerable number of soldiers, in fact many more, than the 
 country can support in its present condition and the state of its revenues ; we are consequently 
 obliged to request of and recommend to your Honor, that your Honor think of all possible means 
 to send us at the earliest convenience the required and ordered negroes, salt, horses and other mer- 
 chantable goods, which your Honor may judge advantageous and suitable, whereby a considerable 
 service will bo done both to the Hon''''' Company and their conquests here. 
 
 Minute of Council. Acceptance of the offer of Eastern Indians to march 
 
 AGAINST THE EsOPUS. 
 
 20"' July 1663. 
 
 Seventeen savages came into the Fort, who stated, that they lived on the East end of Long- 
 Island, and offered their services to go also into the fight against the Esopus savages. The offer 
 was accepted and they were asked, when they would come ; they answered, that they would first 
 wait for news, how matters stood at the Esopus. Adij ut supra. 
 
 Proposal of the Hackensack Indians to sell theie lands on the Ivil van Kul; 
 
 EFFORTS OF THE EsOPUS IndIANS TO ENGAGE THE MenESSINGUS ON THEIR SIDE. 
 
 On the 20"' of July Oratavi chief of 
 Ackinckesaky and Waerhen van Couwe 
 and the interpreter, Sara Kiersteede, 
 appeared in the Council Chamber at 
 Fort Amsterdam. 
 
 He says, he has come to bring an answer to the propositions made by his Honor, the General, 
 namely, whether the savages would sell us the hook of land behind the Ivil van Kol etc., to^vhich 
 he answers, that most of the young men of the tribe are out hunting, so that he has not been able 
 to speak with them, but he has talked with the old warriors, who say, that they would not like to 
 sell, preferring to keep a portion of it to plant, for they dare not go further inland for fear of 
 being robbed by their enemies. He says further, that there is land enough both for us and for 
 tliem divided by the Kit and that it is as good as the land on the Esopus. 
 
 It was resolved, to inspect the aforesaid land at the first convenient time. 
 
 The said Oratam made also a long report, that the Esopus savages liad tried to involve the 
 Menissinghs into the war with the Dutch, but the Menissinghs had refused etc. He says the 
 present chiefs of the Esojnis are Pemyrawcch, Seweckenamo, Wajperono/ick, Caelcop, Neshahewe. 
 Date as above. 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 281 
 
 Concessions to be geanted to the Englishmen, who desire to settle on the Kil van Kol. 
 
 The foregoing* letter of Mr. Robert Treat was read and thereupon tlic propositions, made by 
 him and some other English neighbors and recorded here in the register of Ilesohitions tlie ^8"' 
 November 1661, were taken up again. Pursuant to the letter of the Lords-Directors the follow- 
 ing answer was given to the propositions: 
 
 The twoe first propositions were absolutely granted. 
 Yppon the 3'^ proposition 
 
 1. We doe graunt by these presents the English Townes shall have the Choyeo off theire owne 
 Magistrates in quality and number as they See most expedient for the Towne or Townes benefit 
 and welfare only that the Chosen Magistrates annually shal be presented before the Gouernour 
 and Counsel for to be Confirmed by them and to Eeuue the Oath off Magestracy. 
 
 2. They Shall have Consent it power to keepe Court or Courts and to make such Orders and 
 Lawes as they shal fynde most sutable to the Condition & Welfare off that place, only that the 
 Lawcs and orders, made for the better administration off justice shal be presented vnto the Gov- 
 ernour and Councell and beingo found to Coneure with the lioly Schripture shall be Confirmed 
 \Tito them and alsoo Standinge Lawes to be observed by all persons and Planters for the tyme 
 they are and Live amongst them. 
 
 3. Conserninge the appeels it is hereby graunted and Confirmed, that all Capitall sentences 
 wherein the partys are Convinced by owne Confession, Shal be put in Execution by the Court or 
 Courts with out appeel, but in dark & dubious matters, especially in Wich craft such Sentences 
 off Death shal not be put in Execution, as with apiirobation oft the Governo"' General & Counsel 
 in tyme beiuge. 
 
 4. In Civill matters and questions all persons, planters & other Inhabitants shall accquesse in the 
 Lawes, orders, Sentences and appointments off theire owne Court or Courts officers to the valine 
 off hundred pounds vlaems without appeel. 
 
 The 4"" point is absolutely graunted. 
 
 The 5"" point, noe Inhabitants shall be put or send in their Townes, w'^'' doe not lyke her or 
 her Magistrates, beinge Reserved that they doe not admit any Inhabitants without apjirobatiou 
 and acknowledgment off the Governo"" & Counsel! and have given theire oath oflf fidelity. 
 
 The 6"" point is absolutely graunted and accepted. 
 Yppon the 7"" propositions. 
 
 The former propositions and What thereunto is Belonginge beinge Concluded, the graunts 
 & Conditions thereoff Shall by a publicq Instrument Charter or pattent be Confirmed vnto them, 
 by the Governour & Counsel subscrybed and sealed. 
 
 Here follows the answer of the Hon''"' General to the preceding letter of Mr. liolxrt Treat: 
 
 Lovingh frinde, Mstr Treatt. 
 
 Jours off 29 Juny send bee Mstr Alsop I haue receaued the 18 off July Niew style. In an- 
 swer whereoff I kan and sal say thatt wie haue receaued from our lords and Masters in Holland a 
 ful and satisfactory Answer and consent to al wich haue beene done and agitated in the treatie stil 
 vnder hand and withal thyre advys lioe far tocondescent att the points & (questions the wych thatt 
 
 * See the letter ou page 2GG.— Ed. 
 36 
 
282 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson liiver- 
 
 they might te better bee examined conned over and vnderstanded, we have tought meet to copie 
 them from word to word, soo as they in wreytings were delivered and presented vnto vs 
 by you and the rest of the Compagnie and haue sett in the Margine our Clarfe and catecoricall answer 
 to each off them, wych beeingh Communycated to your Compagnie wee sal bee the bearer iff pos- 
 sible or else wyth tlie first opportunytie expect the Compagnys answer and resolution weyther they 
 are intend to proceed wyth the treatie iff thatt wee may order our occasions thereunto, soo after 
 my services I sal rest. 
 20"' July 1«C3. 
 
 Minute of Council. Attendance of the chief of the Wieciiquaeskeck In- 
 dians TO notifv the Council of a kepokt, that tue Esopus were comino. 
 
 20'" July, Thursday. 
 
 SanweAaro, Sachem of Wiechquaesqueck, came of his own accord with his brother and said 
 he was warned by a Wappinyk savage that the Jfsopus savages Mould come down with 40 to 50 
 men in about 5 or 6 days, to kill them and the Dutch of Ifew Ilaerlem, Ilasimus, Jloboocken, 
 Geinoenepa and the new village. He says also, that therefore ho has come to take refuge with his 
 people near N ew-Ilaerlem, he gives notice of it and why they come, so that the people of New- 
 Ilae/'lein may not get frightened. He says further, that he has warned the inhabitants of New- 
 Haerlem and requests that we give notice to the people on the other side of it and on the General's 
 bouwery. 
 
 He says in regard to the two prisoners captured by our men at the Esopus, tliat they are 
 Wappinghs and that the chief of the Wappinghs has been to see him on their account, being very 
 distressed and that he is now gone to JPort Orange to talk over the matter with the Sachems there, 
 how to get back his prisoners ; if he did not succeed there the chief of the Wappinghs would come 
 here to us. 
 
 Asked concerning his statement, that 40 or 50 Esopus were coming down here, how strong 
 the Esopus really were and who would guard their fort, he answered, that they numbered only 80 
 warriors, that they had abandoned their fort, so that nobody was in it, but they keep here and 
 there in the woods in such dense underwood, that it was hardly possible to look or creep through. 
 Upon the question, whether he did not know or had not heard, where our prisoners were, he said, 
 I won't lie, what I say is the truth, I have not heard anything of the Dutch captives. 
 
 Asked, whether he had heard, what the Maquaes chiefs had accomplished, he said only, that 
 three Maquaes had fetched the daughter of La Montagne and brought her home, but, he says, the 
 chief of the Wappinghs went with presents to the Mahicanders to get information of the Dutch 
 prisoners ; when he returns, he will hear where they are and he will inform me of it. Date as 
 above. 
 
New Yorh Historical Jieconh. 283 
 
 Letter from Vice-Director La MoNT.teNE and Jeresiia.s van Rensselaer to 
 Director Stcyvesant ; they defend themselves against the charge of re- 
 fusing VOLUNTEEES ; EFFORTS FOE THE RELEASE OF THE PRISONERS. 
 
 IIoHonible, Valiant, Very Worsliipful Director-Guncral and Council of N ew-Neihcrland . 
 
 Your Hon''''' Worships' letter of the 12"' of this month of July has been received by us on 
 the SO"" and having read it, we beg to state in reply, that we have examined before our meetin" 
 and in presence of Mr. de Decker one Storm Albertscn, who with others had gone aboard of Clacs 
 Tysenh yacht, destined for the Esoj>iis, without our order and from his statement we have learned, 
 that it is not worth the trouble to concei-n ourselves about the accusation of having prevented 
 volunteers from helping at the Esojnis ; we refer to the report of Mr. de Decker and to a personal 
 interview in due time, so that we too leave the soup with the cabbage. God and we ourselves 
 know best, how gladly we would see our neighbors and friends helped and what efforts we are 
 making in this direction and we are pleased by the satisfaction expressed by your Hon"'" Wor- 
 ships: we wish, that we conld accomplish more, but we have to consider besides the golden lesson 
 of Christ, that we, who live here quietly surrounded by heathens and barbarians without lieiiig 
 able to get assistance from anybody, except God, in times of need, which God may keep from us, 
 are obliged first to take care of our own houses and especially not to get involved in quarrels 
 and troubles. 
 
 Concerning the enlistment of soldiers, authorized bj' Mr. dc Decker, we refer to his report. 
 
 The proposition of Siriits Jan to go with 44 Maquaes and release and bring away the prison- 
 ers appeared to us too dangerous, first because he was tipsy at the time and coming in to our meet- 
 ing made the offer without knowledge of the older fellow-chiefs of the Maqv.aes, second, when he 
 returned here with S^ Jan Darcth and had got the daughter of Mr. La Montague {Rachel) by 
 stealth and thought the reward for it and for his troubles was given by Mr. de Decker in place of 
 what he had taken with liim as present to the Enopus to get speech of them about the release of 
 the prisoners, he answered as Mr. de Decker knows, to whom we refer ; thirdly, when Jan Dareth 
 returned, he said that he had reported to Mr. de Decker, what happened to meet him, to whom we 
 again refer. As to the required 2 or 300 pounds of fine gunpowder, we hope that your Hon"'" Wor- 
 ships shall receive some with the arrival of the next ships from the Fatherland, ^"herewith after 
 cordial greetings we commend your Hon"'" Worships to God's grace and remain. 
 
 Your Hon"'" Worships' affectionate 
 Fort Orange, friends 
 
 the 28"" July A" 1663. La Montagne 
 
 Jeremias van Rensselak. 
 
 By order of the Honorable Courts of Fort Orange and the Colony of /?ensse!aer.swi/ck. 
 
 J. Provoost. Clerk, D. v. Schelhivne, Secretary 
 of the Colony. 
 1663. 
 
284 Colonial Settlements on the ihidson lliver. 
 
 LETTER FKOM DiREOTOK StUYVESANT TO CapT. CrEGIKR ; THE EsOPUS 
 liE UNRELENTINGLY TURSDP^D ; MISCUIEFMAKERS TO BE PUNISHEI). 
 
 (The beginning of tliis letter is missing.) 
 
 give them no rest, bnt they must be pursued and attaclced upon cverj' information received, as 
 much as possible, which we leave to your circumspection and prudence. 
 
 Your journal and other reports inform us of the unwillingness and bad behavior of some farm- 
 ers, even of such, of whom we had never expected it ; we see among others, that one Tjerck Claes- 
 seude Wiit\\a.& refused to furnish his horses and wagon, to haul up tlie provisions and ammunition 
 sent there, also that one Albert Ileymansen lioose has uttered and spoken several unsufferable 
 and threatening words against the Council of "War and the Magistrates, he has even threatened to 
 shoot the two arrested savages, if they are released and set free by the Council of War or the 
 Connnissaries. You -would have done well either to punish sucli unwilling and mischiefmaking 
 people exemplarily there or to send them down immediately after the deed and we recommend 
 you to do this, in case such unbearable threats and refusals should he. made again ; the two Marse- 
 inngh savages, sent down here, complain to us, that the captured squaw and three children ha\'e 
 been taken away from them unjustly and contrary to promise and have been exchanged for cap- 
 tured Christians ; although the matter in itself is praiseM'orthy and becoming, it is nevertheless 
 said, that for this and other reasons they have become dissatisfied and have already expressed a 
 desire to return home. As we presume, that theii- stay there, if not of all of them, at least of 
 the greater part is necessary and advantageous, even if only for the purpose of assisting to hunt 
 up the scattered Esopus, for they know more about it than any one of us, therefore we would 
 like to see them persuaded by some presents to remain there so long and go on expeditions with 
 our soldiers, until some others are sent in their places. To accomplisli this, we have resolved to 
 send our Secretary, the beargr hereof, to your ])lace to deliberate with you and the Council of 
 War about this and some other questions and to report speedily to us. His Honor has been 
 recommended among others, first to advise with you specially, as it is not evident, that the Esopus, 
 having abandoned their present fort or being driven out of it, are making another stronghold, 
 whether the Company's negros and a few soldiers could not be spared for the better protection of 
 the people in the o})en country, whom to assist gives us gi'eat trouble, the more so as some savages 
 have several tnnes warned them and us, that Esopus savages have been seen in this neighborhood. 
 Wherewith etc 
 Adij 30'" July 16G3. 
 
 Instructions for Secretary van 
 Jiuyven, to serve him as a me- 
 morandum. 
 30"' July. 
 
 Arrived at the village of Wdtuujck he is to inquire closely into the state of affairs, as to the 
 strength of the Esopus savages, who are their allies, where they keep themselves at present, 
 where their corn cril)s are and where their plantations, whether some of them are not with or 
 without Christian prisoners among the Kaiskil, Hujldand or Menissingh savages or among some 
 other tribes , he is also to make inquiries, how and in what way these may be attacked and when 
 
New Yoih Ilidoikal Jicconls. 2^5 
 
 lie has any, even the least hope of a siu-eess, to instigate and encourage in our name the olH-'css 
 as much as possible to make quick and secret expeditions against theui 
 
 2_ 
 
 To consider with the said officers of the troops, when it is best and most convenient, either 
 before or after our harvest, to destroy the corn plantations of the savages. According to the 
 information, which we have so far heard and received, we would deem it proper, to defer the cut- 
 ting down of the corn until after the whole harvest has been gathered or at least the greater 
 part of it, iiidess they should come in their expeditions upon some small plantations, which to 
 destroy a second e,\])edition would not i)ay ; they arc to destroy these small plantations whenever 
 time and occasion seems most tit. 
 
 3. 
 
 As it cannot be presumed, that the Fsoj)us savages, having been driven out of their fort, 
 will make another stronghold or settlement or gather in great crowds, but that they will scatter 
 here and there among other tribes or perhaps in the underwood of the forests, where they iiiiist 
 be liarasscd as much as possible upon the slightest information, he is to consider with the Council 
 of War for the purpose of carrying it on more effectually, whether it would be advantageous to 
 enclose with [jalisades and secure a savage village or house either in their abandoned fort or in 
 their cornfields or still further inland and garrison it for the time of 3 or 4 weeks with 50 to GO 
 men, so that they can make all possible sallies upon the sa\Tiges with so much less trouble. 
 
 4. 
 
 To consider with the Council of "War, whether it is not advisable, to go with a yacht full of 
 soldiers to the Caiakil and thence to march overland back to the Esopus, even if it were only to 
 discover M'hether any &opus savages are staying with that tribe, to learn their status and location 
 and in case hereafter some should come to hide there to warn the Catslih, that they must not allow- 
 any Fsoj}us to come among them, also to ask them for guides and iiujuire after our prisoners. 
 
 5. 
 To satisfy the J/arsej)m(/h savages as far as ])ossible and to persuade them, or at least the 
 majority of them to remain with our troops, until others are sent in their place by the Sachem 
 Tajxmsar/h ,' the}' may be brought down for that purpose, to gain time. 
 
 6. 
 As we and the farmers in the country have at difl'erent times been warned against Exopun 
 runners and as we are daily importuned for assistance, he is first to deliberate privately with Cap- 
 tain-Lieutenant Cregier on this matter, whether after the expeditious are made, 20 or 30 soldiers 
 and the Coinjiany's negroes could not be spared without detriment to the service and sent down 
 in parties of 3, 4 or 5 occasionally on different yachts for the better protection of the country 
 people here and especially for the repulse of the expected attack here. It coidd perhaps be done 
 by the Captain-Lieutenant alone without further commotion, but if the sanl Captain-Lieutenant 
 should raise difficulties and in ease he saw an opportunity to do better service with tlie soldiers 
 there or if the sending off should create a commotion among the savages, the Enylish or the voi- 
 unteei-s, then the general Council of War must j)ass a resolution to that effect stating the motives 
 and reasons, why the garrison there ought not to l)e diminished. 
 
 To establish with the Council of War and if it seems advisable to him and them, also with 
 some of the Magistrates associated willi them, in the name of the Director-General and Council 
 
2S6 Colonial Settlements 07i the Ilvdson River. 
 
 some laws and fines against all unwilling fanners or farinlaborers, who should refuse to assist with 
 their horses and wagons for the general benefit, also against all foul mouthed speakers, against the 
 unnecessary waste of powder and lead and some other necessar}' orders, which are hereby ratified, 
 as if we ourselves had drawn them up and proclaimed them. Thus done at 2<hrt Amsterdam in 
 New-Netherland. Date as above. 
 
 I 
 
 Letter from Captain Ckegikr to Director Stuyvesant, reporting an attack 
 ON an Indian castle; ketukn home of some Indian allies and Long-Island 
 volunteers. 
 
 Honorable, Noble, Very Worshipful, "Wise, Prudent and Very Discreet Gentlemen. 
 
 I have received your Hon*"" Worsliips' letter by Mr. Secretary van Ruyven and noted its 
 content. The expedition against the castle of Esopus savages has not had the result, which we 
 wished and hoped for, but it was God's pleasure, that it should be so. To abbreviate the report 
 of what has taken place, I have entered it as a journal, which I send your Hon''"' Worships by Mr. 
 van Ruyven. We have had hei-e also great difiiculties with the Marsepinghs, who -want to have 
 everything their own way ; we have humored them and given way, have spoken smoothly to them 
 and treated them well, but could not satisfy them ; we have also given them a part of the booty 
 beforehand, consisting in 4 kettles, a blanket, two bearskins, a linen coat, three basins and some 
 spoons and they have besides shared with our soldiers. We have earnestly requested them, 
 to remain and make some small expedition with us against some of the Esopus, but we could not 
 persuade thein to do it, finally we asked them to leave at least 10 or 12 of their men, promising 
 to give each who remained 20 guilders in wampum and Mr. van Ruyven had the wamimm 
 fetched from on board for this purpose, but nothing could be obtained from them, they persisted 
 in leaving altogether, as my journal shows. They ■wanted also, that their Captain-Lieutenant 
 Couioenhflven should return with them to the Manhatatis, to which all the officei's agreed. Con- 
 cerning the prisoners of the Marsepinghs, about whom they have complained to your lion*'^ Wor- 
 ships, I can only say^ that the savages never said a word here about the prisoners. An order and 
 fine has been established regarding the wagons and as to the unwilling people, I shall punish all 
 mischiefmaking and disobedient men or send them for punishment to your IIou'"'^ Worships. 
 What regards some Esopxis, who may be hiding among the Vatskil or Waj)ping/i savages, I am 
 awaiting your Hon''"' Worshijjs' order, how we shall act about it. Meanwhile we will see to bring 
 in the grain or the corn from the fields and when the harvest is over, then I shall see how many 
 soldiers we can spare here and will send them to your Hon""' Worships. The six volunteei-s from 
 New-Vtrecht go herewith ; the}' have asked permission to go down for the bringing in of their 
 harvest, which was granted. With salutations I commend in the meantime your Hon'''* Worship 
 and the Hon''"' Council to God's protection and remain 
 
 Your Noble, Honoi-able Worsliips' 
 Actum in Wildioyck, obedient friend and servant 
 
 3" August 1663 Martin Kregier. 
 
 To the Noble, Honorable, Very Worshipful, Wise Prudent and Very Discreet, their Honors 
 the Director-General and CJoiincil of Ncm-Netlnrlanil [\t Fort AiiisUiihiin in iS'cin-Netherland. 
 
JVew York Hidorical Records. 287 
 
 Minute of a Council of Wak, held at Wiltwyck on the PEorosED opeuations 
 
 AGAINST THE EsOPUS. 
 
 (Beginning lost.) 
 
 it was done because some Esopus savages are said to be planting 
 
 among the {Katskils'\, also becanse one of the Esopus Sacliems, called Caelcop, with some friends 
 are said to live and have a plantation among the Highland savages. I have a great mind to attack 
 them, but am afraid, that in such an expedition some of the Highland or Catskil savages might 
 be killed, for it is impossible for our people to distinguish them from the others, and then the 
 whole nation would be drawn into the war. I nuist add hereto, that the Maguaes have said, all 
 the savages above Sagerfjen, among wiiom the Catskila are comprised, had engaged themselves for 
 their friends, that these should do no harm to the Dutch nor the Dutch to them. It was there- 
 fore and for other reasons resolved to request, before making the sallies, the advice of the Hon"'* 
 Director-Genei-al and expect it speedily, meanwhile to send out a party and keep it constantly in 
 the field to see wliether information might be obtained somewhere, further to promote with all 
 possible assiduity the bringing in of the harvest ; also to summon by the first upward bound yacht 
 Christoffel Davidts from above, to serve us as a guide, for he is well acquainted with the localities 
 of the Esopus savages and without him little or nothing could be accomplished. 
 
 It was further proposed, whether 20 or 30 of the soldiers stationed here could not be sent 
 down at some convenient time for the greater protection of the country people on Manhatans 
 
 Island and on the west side of tlie Northriver, because tlu'y ha\e 
 
 been warned .... Esopus x\mwe^&. It was said hereupon, that only about IC soldiers 
 were available, who were required for the guarding of the fort, so that none or only few could be 
 sent out, when Esopnis runners shall come here. After considering this, we concluded, tiiut for 
 the above reasons none of the soldiers stationed here now could be missed for the present, for we 
 number not more than 155 men now after the departure of tlie savages and volunteers. It must 
 also be said, that it is necessary to keep ready constantly a detachment for the convoy of coming 
 and going goods and therefore it is resolved not to send down a soldier from the present garrison, 
 except upon special order of the Hon''''^ Director-General and Council. 
 Actum at the village of Wiltivi/ck, the 3"^ of August A" 1663. 
 
 Maktin Kkegier. 
 
 Letter feom Director Stuyvesant to Captain Ckegier; ihkections to save the 
 
 HARVEST AT THE EsoPUS. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant, Faithful Sir. 
 
 Tour Honor's favor by the hands of Secretary va?i Jiui/ven has been received in due time, 
 from which we note your request to know, how to act in regard to the Highland and Catskil sav- 
 ages ninong whom it is reported that some Esopus arc hiding ; you will learn by the enclosed copy 
 of our letter to the two Courts above and the instructions given to Lieutenant Pleter Wolphertsen 
 van Coxiwenhoven, what we have deemed necessary concerning this ])oiiit and before these savages 
 are attacked among other tribes. You must meanwhile take care and ]>ush with all possible dili- 
 gence and caution the bringing in of the harvest with the utmost safety and send out for tliis pur- 
 pose and put in ambuscade as many troops, as you shall tliink best. 
 
 ^e cannot imagine, that tiic Est)pus will gather in any large nuuiljers in your neighborhood, 
 
288 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 but believe, they will rather scatter in small parties and make at some time or the other attacks 
 upon the country people here and elsewhere. We desire therefore to submit once more to your 
 judgment, that you advise us by the first chance, whether 25 or 30 soldiers could not conveniently 
 be spared, to be stationed in the country places about here and as some soldiers' wives importune 
 us, that they can hardly maintain themselves, as long as their husbands are there and as it is diffi- 
 cult for us to provision the husbands there and the wives here, we have provisionally consented, 
 that the men mentioned in the list, should be sent down by the first convenience, wherewith etc. 
 9"" of August, sent by Mr. de Beckere. 
 
 Instructions for Lieutenant van Couwenhoven, sent to renew the peace with 
 
 THE WaPPINGHS AND TO PROCURE THE RELEASE OF THE CHRISTIAN PRISONERS. 
 
 O"" August. " Instructions. 
 
 As we are informed, that some Jisopxis savages are hiding among the Wapjnnglis and 
 nighland savages, it is deemed best and necessary to send thither Lieutenant Fitter Wolphertsen 
 van Couwenhoven, to get information, how much truth there is in these reports. If he finds, that, 
 as the report goes, one of the Esojnis chiefs, Keercop, and his friends are planting among the 
 Highland savages, then he shall offer to the chief of the Wapjnnghs a continuation of our old 
 friendship (in order not to get into a war with him and his tribe) and shall present him a coat, 
 sent along for this purpose ; he shall also request him in the best possible manner, without using 
 threats of war, that he will not allow any Esojjus to live among his people, much less assist them 
 or provide them with corn or other victuals. 
 
 2. 
 
 He shall minutely inquire after the Christian prisoners and ask of the chief and the ^YaJp- 
 pinghs, how and by what means the same could be released; if he sees any hope or way, to 
 effectuate the release through wampum or goods, then he may freely ]iromise for each ])risoner, 
 be it woman or child, one hundred guilders, according to circumstances he may offer 20 or 30 
 guilders more or less. 
 
 If he sees no hope of ransoming the prisoners or getting them back, then to try by making some 
 promises about peace, as the Esopus have proposed in their last negotiations with tlie Maguaes ; 
 if he sees a sure hope of obtaining the prisoners by these and no other means, then he is hereby 
 authorized to consent to a provisional armistice, in case it should be proposed and asked by the 
 Wappingh chief. 
 
 As it must be presumed, that little will be accomplished regarding the release of tlie Christian 
 prisoners, unless the two captured savages and the squaw arc first exchanged against some of our 
 prisoners, we willingly give our consent to it for the benefit of the captive Christians, if a 
 general release of all our prisoners has first been agreed upon, promised and executed. This is 
 judged absolutely necessary, that after the release of some of them the balance of our prisoners 
 may not be treated so much worse and placed beyond ransom by the release on our side of the 
 prisoners which we have already, while it is uncertain, how and when we may get othei-s. Actum 
 Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherland. the 9^' of August A° 1663. 
 
JVew York Historical lie-cards. 289 
 
 LeITKK FIMM DiRECTUK StUYVESANT TO LlECT. VAN CoDWENHOVEN AT WaPPIN(JHS Kil. 
 
 ,. To Pieier Wol///ierLsen, lying on the 
 
 jVori/triver before tlie Wappinalis Kil. 
 nonorable, Valiant, Faithful Sir. 
 
 Yonr favor of yesterday by Mr. Willefs yacht has been received to-day, the i:?'" ; we are well 
 pleased with what you have done so far, only Capt. Willefs son tells lis, that the Waj>p!ngh sav- 
 ages are very bold and come on board 10 and 20 at a time ; you arc therefore hereby directed and 
 warned, to be well on your guard and not to trust them much, if you should remain there much 
 longer, to look out for the Wa^inyhs or perhaps for some Esopus, to which we have no objec. 
 tion, should you see any hope of getting some prisoners, but my advice is and I recommend it 
 hereby most earnestly to you, that you make a quick trip to the Esopxis and take there 6 or 8 men 
 more for the protection of the yacht and people. If the wind does not serve, do not remain at 
 anchor -with the yacht, but keep sailing even if it is only fi-om one side of the river to the other. 
 I believe, that by so doing you will liave fewer savages on board and run less danger ; still I think 
 it advisable to get 6 or 8 men from the Esojms ; if you get again some prisoners, do not send tliem 
 down here, but bring them directly to the Esojjus and report to Capt. Cregier your adventures, 
 wherewith etc. 
 13'" August A° 1663. 
 
 Lkttkk frou Director Sriri'VESANT to Captain Ceegiek at Wiltwyck ; further instructions. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant, Faithful Sir. 
 
 Our last letter was of the 9"' July (sic !) liy Mr. ile Deehere. We have not heard since from 
 you nor of the condition of the prisoners, except that Pider Wolphertsen van Vouwenhoven has 
 reported to us, the Wappinghs Sachem had gone to the Esopus savages and hoped to bring back 
 some prisoners, which we pray and wish from our hearts, that God will grant. In place of going 
 to you according to the letter. Kits Davidts arrived here yesterday with Capt. WiUet^s yacht and 
 says, the letter reads, that he w-as first to come here ; although we do not believe this, yet to pre- 
 vent mistakes in future, I give this to him to hand to you. You may employ him as you think fit ; 
 according to my opinion you will not be much benefitted by his services, except to send him 
 'hither and thither ; all possible efforts must first be made to get information of the prisoners and 
 to ransom them as well as to gather the harvest. Closing herewith etc. 
 14'" August A" 1663. 
 
 Proposals offered by the Mintssinoh Indians on renewing the peace wrrn 
 the Dutch and answers. 
 
 To-day the 15'" of August appeared 
 before the Council at Eori Amster- 
 dam, Oi'ataviy, chief of Ilacking- 
 h'scahg and with him Weswatewchy, 
 Mi'ninger, Wemessamy, chiefs of the 
 Menissinch savages. 
 37 
 
290 Colonial Settlements on tlie Hudson River. 
 
 1. The Menissinck chiefs say through Oratamy, they have come here to tell us, that they have 
 no connexions with the Esopus savages regarding the present war. 
 
 2. They say, that all tlieir savages, young as well as old men, liave determined not to do any 
 harm to the Dutch, not even as much as to kill a chicken or take a piece of bread, because they 
 desire nothing better, than to live in peace with the Dutch, for they are afraid, that the Sinnekus 
 might kill them. 
 
 3. They ask for a small piece of ordnance, to use it in their fort against the Sinnehis and protect 
 their corn. 
 
 4. lie says, that some of his friends have planted among the Esopus a long time ago, who would 
 like to return to the Menissincks now and he asks permission for them, because it is said, that 
 they should not allow any one of the Esopus to come among them ; he expresses his hope, to 
 obtain thereby some of the Dutch prisoners. 
 
 5. They say, that they have inquired for our prisoners, but that none of them has been brought 
 to them nor to the Southriver, nor to the Wappinghs ; but that there is a horse among them, 
 which one of their young men had bought from the Esopus. 
 
 Answer to the preceding propositions. 
 
 1. It is well, that they have come to inform us, they had no connexions with the Esopus in this 
 present war and that they would have none we are inclined to continue in peace with them, as with 
 Oratam, as long as they keep quiet. 
 
 2. That we likewise would not harm any of their people, but that it is necessary for the main- 
 tenance of the peace, that none of their savages should come armed into the neighborhood of the 
 Dutch plantations : because our people not being able to distinguish the savage tribes one fi-om 
 another, might take them for Esopus and kill tliem ; they undertook to inform their savages 
 hereof. 
 
 3. That our small pieces of ordnance had altogether been sent off and the others were too large, 
 to bring them into their country and that the Sinnekus were our friends as well as they ; they 
 would be angry and would fight against us and against our people at Fort Orange. 
 
 4. The answer to their 4"' point was, it is well, that they inform us, we are pleased, that they 
 wish to have their friends back among them provided they have not had a hand in the late 
 massacre. 
 
 5. "Whether they could not give us two of their people, to show, where our ]irisoners are and we 
 would make them a good present, if led to them or if they could not or dared not do it, that they 
 should buy our prisoners for us, we would return the advanced money. 
 
 They answered, that they would first try their best to get the prisoners by kindness or to buy 
 them from 'Axe. Esopus, if not successful herein, they will then bring us information, where they are. 
 
 We gave hereupon four coats and pieces of cloth. Actum at Fort Amsterdam in New- 
 Netherland, date as above. 
 
 Letter feok Directok Stdyvesant to Lieut, van Couwenhoven ; no individual 
 Indian peisoners to be released or exchanged. 
 Valiant, Faithful Sir. 
 "We learn to our regret from your letter of the 2.5^'" inst., that the savages, Wappings as well 
 '.sopus, have put you off from time to time, so that until now yo>i have been able to accom- 
 
New York Ilixtorical Jievords. 291 
 
 plish only littlu or nothing, cxwpt to raiiMnu tliivc rliiklreii ;iiiil a woman, wlioso release you foiil.l 
 only obtain by liberating the capturcil scjuaw. This wat;, however, not according to onr inten- 
 tions, as you were not only charged verbally, but also by written instructions, not to make any 
 promises to any of the captured salvages nor to release them, except under the condition, that first 
 and above all an agreement should be made for the exchange of all the prisoners. "We direct you 
 once more to follow the instructions closely and so does the Couticil of War at the Esopus. 
 
 We are pleased to learn, what you further write in your letter, that the chief of the Waj)- 
 jihujhs has given you hope and promised to release all the prisoners within four days and that 
 you have to wait until then. We wish and pray, that the good God may give his blessing to it 
 for the benefit of the poor and miserable captives. If it should not turn out according to your 
 wishes and intentions, you say, j^ou hoped to get the better of them in a manner, which they will 
 not like much. You must i;se in this regard the precaution, that they must bo the first to show 
 signs of hostility, by refusing either to drive the Esopus from them or to tin-n over to yon such 
 of our prisoners as are among them or in their country. In case of such a refusal you nnist 
 inform them, pursuant to your instructions and as we have done with all other tribes, that we 
 shall be compelled to look up and kill our enemies, where we may find them, in order to obtain 
 our prisoners and that it will not be our fault, if then some of their people, whom we cannot 
 distinguish from the Ewpus, should be captured or killed. If you can gain an advantage over 
 them, after they have thus been warned and informed, we shall be much pleased, but we doubt 
 very much, whether you shall be able to aecomplisli it with the small force under your command. 
 We would think it for the benefit of our prisoners, who as we learn are mostly hidden among the 
 Wajtjnnghs with the Esopus savages, if j'ou could strike a blow at both the tribes, who accord- 
 ing to your letter and the reports of others still keep together ; you should do it Avith the 
 knowledge and assistance of the Council of War at the Esopiis, for the first blow must be, with 
 God's blessing and help, a sure one, else it would do more harm to us and especially to our poor 
 prisoners. 
 
 The requested brandy and powder, also some provisions are sent herewith. The Only -good 
 God may provide you, the officers and .soldiers, engaged with you in this undertaking, with ])ru- 
 dence and courage and grant a good result for the honor of his name and the best of our poor 
 prisoners. No more herewith, than to commend you to God's grace with our salutations. 
 
 Tour aflfectionate friend. 
 Actum Eori Amsterdam Sent to Pieter Wolp>hertsen, who lies in the 
 
 in N. Netherlands 27"" Aug. 1663. Northriver at the mouth of Wapj^iTU/ Eil. 
 
 Letfek from the Fort Ok.\^ge autuokitirs to Director Stuyvesant on Indian affairs. 
 
 Noble, Very Worshipful Gentlemen, the Director-General and Council of Ncw- 
 Netherland. 
 
 We beg to say in answer to the letter of the 9'" of this montli of Augii.'^t, that the warning 
 or something similar has been given us to our regret long ago. May God save us from more 
 trouble. Some Maquaes chiefs have agreed in their last pro])Ositions to sail down the river in a 
 yacht and bring presents to the southern and northern savages, with \vhoin we are allied. Our 
 neighbors are the Maquaes, Sinnehts, Mahlcanders and Katskil savages. Wc have answered to 
 
292 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 the propositions of the savages several times lately or since the troubles in the Esopus, that they 
 must not suffer any Esopus savages among them nor let any of their people live among the 
 Esopus. They have promised to remember this warning and accepted presents on it. Their 
 propositions and our answers to the same shall be sent soon to your Hon*''^ Worships. As to the 
 warning of the country people, they have been informed of it long ago ; some fly, some remain : 
 Eldert de Gojer himself has been aided in the harvest by the savages at Katshil and we have 
 so far no information, that Esopus savages are staying in Katshil or in this neighborhood. 
 Closing with cordial greetings we connnend your Hon''''' "Worships to God's grace. 
 Fot't Orange, Your Hon*""^ Worships affectionate friends 
 
 the 27"- August 1663. La Montagne 
 
 Jeeemias van Rensselaee. 
 By order of the two Courts of Fort Oj'ange & Rensselaerswycli, 
 
 Johannes Feovost, Clerk, D. V. Scuelluynb, Secretary. 
 
 Lettees feom Dieegtoe Stuyvesant and Council to Captain Ceegiee ; coaniENTs 
 and insteuctions eespegting the Esopus campaign. 
 
 Honorable, Yaliant, Faithful Sir. 
 
 Your letter of the 24"" inst. with the continuation of the journal has been handed to us by the 
 Rev. Harmanus Blom.. We have read your diary and seen among other things some ordinances 
 made regarding the militia and concerning the mowing and bringing in of the harvest and the 
 rumiing into the country by small parties ; we willingly confirm them all, only we see under date 
 of the 18"' and lO"" inst., that Ensign Niessen has been sent out with fifty-five men to some 
 corn-plantation of tlie savages about three leagues from Wiltioych, but it is not stated in which 
 direction, whether up or down the river or inland ; next day about noon the Ensign returned 
 without finding any savages and you do not say, whether he destroyed the corn or not and for 
 what reasons. 
 
 Coming now to your letter of the abovesaid date, you give us therein hope of a so good and 
 bountiful harvest, as we have not had in three years, but you say in your diary of the 22'' inst., 
 that the grain is spoiling in the field through rain and the lack of mowers and that the farmers 
 shall hardly be able to bring in one fourth part among themselves ; this seems to be a contradic- 
 tion, at least to us, who do not know, what to hope and to believe. 
 
 We shall order the recpiired necessities as quickly as possible and send them you. There are 
 no shoes or at least only few in store here. We have ordered fifty or sixty pairs from the shoe- 
 makers and will send them as soon as made. 
 
 We understand the necessity of a good surgeon perfectly well, but you know as well as we, 
 how difficult it is to obtain one ; Master Hans* is a burgher and besides cannot be spared here with- 
 out detriment to the whole place and all the inhabitants. You and we know, what the other t^-o 
 are. We see for the present no better expedient, than that the sick and woimded, whom the 
 sawbones there can neither help nor cure, be sent down by every chance. 
 
 What Lieutenant Pieter Wol2)hertsen has reported to us, that he will try to gain an advantage 
 over the Wappinghs and Esopus, who still keep together, if he does not accomplish concerning 
 
 * Kiersted, the son-in-law of Anneke Jans. — Ed. 
 
JW'iv Turk Historical Records. 293 
 
 the release of the prisoners, what he intends and hopc^;, what he writes about it and onr answer, 
 you will learn by the enclosed copy of his letter. If you and the Council of "War have any hope of 
 a considerable advantage over tlie Esopus and Waj)piii(//t.i- benefitting our poor prisoners, then we 
 leave it to you and the Council of War to do your best for the benefit of the public welfare and 
 the poor prisoners with every precaution and courage, to ask God's blessing fur a good result and 
 await it. If for the carrying out of the plan one or more yachts might be necessary, then you may 
 employ the one, which brings this letter; I have ordered the skipper to wait for your orders and 
 answer. Should you and the Council of War know better means and have a better plan for the 
 release for the prisoners, than what Lieutenant Couwenhoven proposes, then carry it out, tJie 
 luiii^i.sf III i/sf ii;!,jh most. Please do your best according to your information and judgment. 
 When aftrr lailing to recover our prisoners the design against the Wajypincjhs is taken in hand 
 and the sauie results as we desire or as we do not desire, then you and the Council of War are 
 hereby expressly connnanded and charged to send inniiediately after having made the attempt 60 
 soldiers under Lieutenant Coxiivenhoveii, to be stationed here in the villages of jyew-II(xerlein, 
 Bergen and elsewhere, for it must not be overlooked that luider such circumstances the country- 
 people in this neighborhood will suffer some hardships and in consideration hereof the attempt 
 must not be made lightly and on uncertain grounds, but with hope of a good result as we said 
 before; we nnist leave it to your better information and judgment. Closing with cordial greetings 
 and commending you and your soldiers to God's protection we remain 
 27"' Aug. 1663. Your affectionate friends 
 
 the Director-General and Council 
 of Ne^o-Netherland. 
 Honorable, Valiant, Faithful Sir. 
 
 As the yacht has remained here until to-day on account of contrary winds and we have as yet 
 heard nothing from Lieutenant Kouwenhovcn, which makes us fear, that the Wapphujhs have not 
 kept their word and promise to bring our prisoners within four days and that consecpiently Lieu- 
 tenant Kouwenlioven has, in accordance with his letter, undertaken one or the other exploit, but, 
 ^ve hope, not without calling upon you for aid and advice, or at least not without having made 
 every effort to obtain our prisoners from the Wajypinghs by consciencious means and in friend- 
 ship, therefore you and the Council of War are once more warned, if they should refuse and you 
 should on that account resolve to strike a blow at them and we thiidc, that it would be better at 
 present not to attempt anything against them, but to wait for a better opportunity, unless you had 
 every chance and opp.;rtunity to get liold of some Esojms savages or our prisoners among the 
 Wapphiijs and you could catch one or the other l)y surprise or otherwise and take a good number 
 of prisoners. We leave this to your judgment, but desire to reconnnend herewith again most 
 earnestly and to command, that the 50 or 60 men, ordered down before, bo sent on by the first 
 yacht and chance, for we consider this necessary for the welfare of the country etc. 
 29'" Aug. 1663. 
 
 Tornos Lodewjck and Clacs Loci: ai-c hereby connnanded and i-ccpiired to tarry before the 
 Redoubt until they receive the answer and orders of our Captain-Lieutenant Cregier and obey his 
 orders promptly. 
 
294 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Minute of Council. Information given concerning an intended massacre of 
 the whites on the northriver. 
 30'" Aug. 1663. 
 
 Sara Kierstede, the wife of Mr. Hans, says, she has been informed liy a savage yesterday, 
 that 8 tribes of savages had united to kill all the Butch on the Nurtliriver, Fort Orange included. 
 Ady ut supra. 
 
 The wife of Mtchiel Jansen reports to have been warned by a savage, that some tribes of 
 had united for the purpose of getting more Dutch prisoners etc. Ady ut supra. 
 
 InF-OEMATION FURNISHED BY OrATAM, CHIEF OF THE HacKINGKESACKY, RESPECTING 
 
 THE Esopus Indians. 
 
 Oratam, chief of Hackinkesaky, was asked, whether after having taken his leave, he has 
 heard or sent for information of our prisoners, where they are, how they fare and whether they 
 could be ransomed or not. He answered, that the chief of the Menisstnghs had gone to the 
 Esopus about 8 days ago to see, whether he could not ransom some prisoners and that he would 
 give us information, as soon as the said chief had returned ; he says also, the Esopus savages were 
 making a new castle at a distance of a few hours march from their old castle and that they had 
 there another corn-plantation etc. Date as above (30"" August 1663.) 
 
 Order directing the surveyor to lay out land near Bergen N. J. 
 
 SO"" August. 
 
 The petition of Tlelman van Vleeck, Caspar Steynmifs, Adrian Post and Geurt Gerritsen, 
 inhabitants of the village of Bergen ou the west side of the Iforthriver, asking for some lowlands 
 was taken up and read. 
 
 The answer was : 
 
 The survej'or is directed to proceed as soon as he can to the village of Bergen and to lay out 
 the valleys petitioned for the best accommodation of the petitioners and other interested parties ; 
 and then to make a report of his proceedings to the Director-General and Council. Ady ut supra. 
 
 Information brought by a Hackinkesackt Indian of the defeat of the Esopus 
 and recapture of the Chkistian peisonees. 
 
 To-day t-he 10"" of September a savage, called by the Dutch Pieter of Hackingkesdky, 
 came here to the Fort and reports, that a savage arrived at Hackingkesaky yesterday, who brought 
 the news, that our people had made an expedition against the Esopus four days ago, that 30 Esopvs 
 had been killed together with some women and children and that our men had also taken from 
 them our prisoners, who were with them. 
 
 A new coat was promised to the bearer of the news, if they are true. Ady ut supra. 
 
New Yorh Historical liecords. 295 
 
 Letter from the Council to Captain Cregiek; the victory over the Esopus 
 Indians ; reinforcements sent. 
 Honorable, Valiant Sir. 
 
 While liis Honor the Director- General was on the eve of leaving for Boston, we received your 
 letter, from which we principally learn the confirmation of the report, made to us by Omtam a 
 few days before the receipt of your letter, regarding the success and the advantage, gained by you 
 and your troops over the barbarians. We let this serve lis as a reason to thank God the Almighty 
 from the bottom of our hearts and to pray that his divine kindness may bless our further exploits 
 and designs more and more. We have cursorily spoken with his Honor, the General regarding 
 the destruction of the fort of the savages, especially of their corn, which we understand must 
 necessarily be done sooner or later. We shall send messengers to-day and to-morrow to the Emj- 
 lish villages, also to the Marsejmujhs, to get as many men from them as possible. Lieutenant 
 Couwenhoven also informs us, that he is about to send down 20 men by the first yacht ; but we 
 judge, that this would cause delay and obstacles to our aforesaid design, anyway would put it 
 back, therefore we desire hereby to direct and recommend you to send down no more militai-y 
 until further orders, but keep all the soldiers there and as it may already have been done before 
 receipt of this letter, therefore we have given to the bearer hereof an open order, by which the 
 skippers and barquiers, on board of whose vessels the said soldiers might have been embarked, are 
 directed to return with them directly or if it can be done conveniently to transfer them to the 
 barge of the bearer. According to your request we send you herewith for the present 412 lbs of 
 bacon, several hundred pounds of meat will follow by the next yacht, also socks and shoes and 
 whatever else circumstances will allow to send. Closing herewith we commend you to God's 
 protection and remain 
 13'" l^'" 1(363. Your affectionate friends 
 
 the Council of JSiew-NethedanJ. 
 
 Here. follows the order mentioned in the preceding letter : 
 
 The skipper or bargeman, to whom these presents are shown, is commanded and ordered, to 
 carry the soldiers aboard his vessel back to the Esopus or if it can be done conveniently to debark 
 or transfer them, for we have considered it thus necessary for the public welfare. Actum in Fort 
 Amsterdam, this 13 7"^^ 1663. 
 
 Proposals of the chief of the Marsepinghs and answer thereto. 
 
 Anno 10C3 on tiie 2u"' September the 
 chief of the Marsepinghs made the 
 following propositions and received 
 answers as follows in the Council 
 Chamber in Fort Amsterdam. 
 
 1. He says, he has not yet received his .share of the horses, retaken from tlie Esopus savages. 
 Answer : The horses have been sold to the highest bidder and as soon as the money is paid 
 
 he shall have his share.' Should he not be paid at tiie Esopus, then we will do it here. 
 
 2. He says, he has no intention to fight against any other tribe, than the Esopus. 
 Answer : Nor are we willing as yet to fight against other tribes. 
 
 3. He says, he would not like to be absent longer than a month. 
 
296 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Answer: He and his men shall he hronght back, as soon as the new castle of the Esopus and 
 tlieir corn has been destroyed. 
 
 4. He requests, that all his savages, who are to go with him to the number of 44, receive im- 
 mediately a piece of duffel each and he himself a coat besides. 
 
 Answer : It shall be done directly. 
 
 5. He requests, tliat the savages may keep the booty made by them, without dividing it with 
 the Dutch and that the Dutch too may keep their booty. 
 
 The request was granted this time for divers reasons, also because they showed a disinclination 
 to go, if it was not conceded. 
 
 Lettee from Director Stuyvesant to Captain Cregier at the Esopus with 
 eelnfoecements. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant, Faithful Sir. 
 
 Your letter by Thomas the Irishman has just been received ; we have given orders, to satisfy 
 your request concerning gunpowder ; meat, hard bread, socks, shoes etc. has been sent yesterday 
 by the yacht of the Spaniard. Herewith come under command of Lieutenant Pieter Wolphertson 
 forty Ilarsepingh savages : witli these and your soldiers there, we think, you will be able to make 
 another march against the Esopus savages and besides that, against all, who should wish to attack 
 you. You are hereby directed, to make all possible efforts, that this expedition may have the 
 desired result ; as we however believe, that the savages shall have been made more careful and 
 cautious by the last rencontres, keeping their runners and outjiosts all around to be warned against 
 an unexpected arrival of our people, so that in all probability we could not surprise them or gain 
 anything, tlierefore you must at least destroy their newly begun castle and ruin their corn, leaving 
 ther est to God's blessing and your own circumspection ; if our situation had allowed to bare our 
 place of the few soldiers stiU here, we would have sent some of them to you ; the aforesaid Marse- 
 •pinghs have protested against and expressly stipulated for no further employment, than during 
 the present expedition against the Esopus alone ; you will have to bear that in mind and to send 
 them off directly after having made the exploit, also so many men under Lieutenant Couwenhoven, 
 that you keep the number of seventy without forgetting the two negroes. Wherewith etc. 
 21^' Septbr A" 1663. 
 
 Letter from the Council to the authorities at Fort Orange ; Indian affairs. 
 Honorable, Dear, Beloved Friends. 
 
 This serves as cover for the enclosed copy of a letter sent by Colonel Temple* to Capt. 
 Willett and delivered by Capt. Willett to his Honor, the Director-General, while on the point of 
 leaving. After having read it, we found it necessary to send the same to yom- Honoi's by the 
 first opportunity, that its contents might be made known to the Maquaes, but we have had no prior 
 chance, until now, as since that time no yachts have left. "We must request your Honors most 
 
 * Sir Thomas Temple, Proprietary aud Governor of Nova Scotia. 
 
JS^ew York Hidorical lieconh. 297 
 
 earnestly hereby, to inform the Maquaes at tliu first oiiiiortuiiity of the complaints of our En(jVish 
 neighbors and to use all possible persuasion and oilier means, that a permanent peace be made 
 between them and the Korthern savages ; we do not doubt, that if they can be disposed for 
 peace, it will be accepted by the other side, as your Honors can infer from the enclosure, although 
 the most injury seems to have been done to them. But if it is not possible and mattei-s remain 
 as they are, then we are sure, the Maquaes will be shortly attacked by tlie English neighbors and 
 the savages. Should your Honors see any hopes to bring about a desirable result, then we leave 
 it to your Honors' own deliberations, how and by which means the parties might be persuaded 
 first to an armistice. "We should think, it would not be strange, if the Maquaes sent some mes- 
 sengers; opportunity to send them by water could easily be found here. "We expect your Honors' 
 answer and report of what has been done. Meanwhile we commend your Honors to God's pro- 
 tection and remain with cordial greetings, Plouorable, Dear, Beloved Friends. 
 Actum Fort Amsterdam, Your Honors' affectionate friends 
 
 the 21'' 7''" 1663. the Council of New-Netherland. 
 
 Extract from a lettkr of Director Stuyvesant to the Yice-Dikector at 
 Curacao with details of the defeat of the Esorus. 
 
 * * * 4f * « 
 
 I had informed your Honor by Capt. L(»\l among others of the troubles, in which we were 
 with some savages and the expectations, which we had of a good result. So far the good God 
 has wonderfully blessed the means, which we have employed. On the day of my departure, li 
 days ago to-day, I received a sure and detailed report, that our troops liad again surprised the 
 newly made castle of the savages, 27 remained dead on the field, besides the men, who were 
 wounded or shot while swimming across the Kil or little river and whom the current took away, 
 22 captured christians were retaken and 10 savages fell alive into our hands. To the Lord, our 
 God, is here for due our praise, honor and thanks. 
 
 Boston in Neio England 
 the 21"' Septbr. 1663. 
 
 Minute of proceedings at Fort Orange with the Mohawks regarding Col- 
 onel Tf;mpi.e's remonstrance against their making war on the Indians in 
 
 his government. 
 
 Extraordinary Meeting held 
 by both Courts at Fort 
 Orange the 26"' September 
 Extract. 'l^'^S. 
 
 The letter of the Hon"'- Council of New-Netherland dated the 2P' Septbr 1663 was opened 
 and read, also the copy of a letter written by Colonel I'cmple to Capt. Wilktt under date of the 
 6'" of July A» 1663 and received by us through Ge7^rit Visbeeck. The meeting was then adjourned 
 to the next day, th6 27"". 
 38 
 
298 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson Miver. 
 
 On the 27"" September A" 1663 we summoned before our meeting Saheda, chief of the 
 Maquaes and he appeai-ed in company of some of his tribe. The letter of CoL Temple was read 
 and translated into the Maquaes tongue by the Commissaries Gerrit Slichtenhorst and Jan 
 Tomassen. 
 
 First we stated to them the complaint of Col. Temple, that the Maquaes had attacked his 
 people near their fort last summer and wounded some of them, according to the aforesaid letter of 
 the 6'" of July A." 1663. 
 
 Secondly we have urgently requested them to make a permanent peace, agi-eeably to Col. 
 Temple's request, and we warned them at the same time, that not only tlie English savages, but 
 also the English themselves M'ould fall upon them ; the peace was further earnestly recommended 
 to them and the difficulties, which would arise from an English attack, were explained. Saheda, 
 the Sachem of the Maquaes answered ; that in i-egard to the first he requests Col. Temple to leave 
 him and his people alone and not ti'ouble himself about the war between them and the Northern 
 or else Onejagese. 
 
 Secondly, they do not consider themselves as at war with the people of OnoTconquehaga 
 while they have fled to the Onejagese • they request therefore, that they may be allowed to make 
 war against the Onejagese, also called Soquachjck, and their adherents. 
 
 Thirdly he says, next summer he intends to sail in a Dutch vessel to the Onakonque, also 
 called Kinnebeck, unless the Hon*'* General consented, that these savages were summoned to the 
 Manhatans to treat there of a permanent peace. 
 
 Fourthly they complain, that they cannot travel over their roads without fear and that they 
 must provide themselves with arms, for the English savages lie upon the roads and paths and 
 attack them and have already beaten some of them. They are therefore astonished, that they will 
 not keep an armistice, while asking for peace. Besides this they say, that they have built a castle 
 in this neighborhood about one or two days' travel from here. 
 
 Agrees with the original. 
 Attested by us 
 
 Johannes Provocst, Clerk 
 D. Van Schellityne, Secretary 
 
 of the Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 
 
 Letter from tite authorities of Fort Orange to Director Stuyvesant, trans- 
 mitting THE preceding minutes. 
 
 Noble, Worshipful Gentlemen. 
 
 Pursuant to your Hon*'* "Worships' written request of the 21" September last past, delivered 
 to us by Gerrit Yisbeech we had spoken with the Maquaes and made every effort to bring about 
 a peace ; they have given us the answers, which will be found in the enclosed minutes. We know 
 at present not what else to do in this matter, of which your Hon"'* Worehips might make use, if 
 it was thought proper and recommend, that your Hon*'* Worships will also promote everything. 
 
New Yorh Historical Recordn. 299 
 
 required for a peace, as iimch as possible among the English and their neighbors. Meanwhile we 
 commend joiir Hon'"'= "Worships to God's protection and remain with cordial greetings. 
 
 Your Ilun^''" Worships' alTectionate 
 Fort Orange friends 
 
 the 2'' Octbr 1663. La M<)nia.;ne 
 
 Jkkkmias van Renssklakk 
 By order of the two courts of 
 Fart Orange and the Colony 
 of MeiisselaerstoycJc. 
 
 J. Pbovoost, Clerk 
 D. V. ScHELLUYNK, Secretary 
 of the Colony of Eensnelacrs- 
 wyok 1663. 
 
 To the Honorable and "Worshipful the Council of New-Nethei'land at Fort Amsterdam. 
 
 Minute of Council. Proceedings on receipt of intelligence, that the Indi.vns 
 
 WEKE zVBOUT to MAKE A DESCENT ON THE DuTCH SETTLEMENTS AT HoBOKEN, 
 AhaSIMUS ETC*. 
 
 On the 15"' of October in the morning S'' Cornelis Steenwyk reported : Last night at about 9 
 o'clock Secretary va7i Ruyven was with me at my door to tell me, what a Northern savage had 
 related at Jan de Schilder^s house, namely, that the balance of the Esojnis savages had fled with 
 their prisoners to the Wappinghs, where also the Mahicanders, Kichtawangh, Wiechquaeskeck 
 and other Kiver savages had gone. There they kintekoyed and deliberated and made a plan to 
 make common cause after having gathered the corn and come down, 500 or 600 men strong, to 
 destroy first all the Dutch plantation over the Kiver at Hohoocken, Ilasimus, the corn-land 
 and then the Manhatans Island, to burn, to kill everybody or take prisoners, ^vhoin they could 
 get and that it should be done in a few days. 
 
 About noon, before the meeting bi'oke up, the Company's yacht arri\ed from the Esopus 
 with letters from Capt.-Lieut. Cregier, which with letters from Fori Orange confirm the above 
 report, as may be seen from them and the daily annotations made there. The matter being of 
 very great importance, it was resolved to defer deliberation upon it until afternoon and to have 
 some of the City-Magistrates join the Council, to hear also their advice and to inform them of the 
 very dangerous situation of the country, the low state of the treasury, tlie want of provisions, 
 clothing and other necessities for the troops and what is connected with it. 
 
 In the afternoon the foregoing information was also communicated to tlic majority of 
 the Burgomasters and Schepens, tlie advices received from the Esopus were read to them 
 and then a frank statement was made of the present situation of the country and its ])erillous 
 state, of the impossibility to redress it, unless either by subsidies or by negotiation of drafts 
 on the Fatherland money could be raised for the maintenance of the too small military force, 
 but neither counsel nor help could be thought of or proposed by them ; however it was resolved 
 for the present to send some troops to protect New-Haerlem, situate at the end of this island and 
 two yachts, each manned by 10 or 12 men up the Northriver to prevent the designs of the savages 
 and divert them as much as i)ossible; meanwhile also to warn the villages in the country around 
 
300 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 here, that they must be on their guard ; 16 or 20 men were sent in the City's lighter to New- 
 Haerlem, to remain there in the river and to prevent as far as possible the savages from crossing 
 over to Long- Island. 
 
 Two j^achts, namely the Company's and that of the Spaniard, each witli 10 men under Lieu- 
 tenant Couwenhoven were sent up the Eiver to the Wapptngs. Actum Fort Amsterdam in 
 New Netherlands on the day as above. 
 
 Instructions FOR Lieutenant van Couwenhoven to ascertain and prevent the 
 
 MOVEMENTS OF THE EsOPUS, WaPPINGS AND HIGHLAND INDIANS. 
 
 Instructions for Lieutenant Pieter 
 Wolphertsen van Couwenhoven. 
 1. 
 
 He shall proceed as quickly as possible to the Wappings or Highland savages and make 
 every effort to get information either from the Kichtoioanghs or from the Wiech^uaeskecJcs sav- 
 ages regarding the plans of the Esojnos and Highland savages. 
 
 2. 
 After he has received information of their plans and that they will carry them out in as short 
 a time as we are told, which they will in canoes according to their custom and if they have not 
 already dropped down the river, he shall constantly cruise from one side of the river to the other 
 in the Highlands or elsewhere, where it is narrowest, especially at night, to prevent the coming 
 down of their canoes, or at least to discover them. 
 
 Should he hear that they have passed, then he must speedily return to inform us or if he 
 thinks it more advantageous, he may follow them to hinder their plans or at least divert them. 
 
 ■i. 
 
 If he obtains information among tne Kechtawangh, Tappaen or other savages, that the 
 Esopus and Highland savages are not coming down so soon, then he must sail up the river with 
 both yachts to the Wappings and send one or the other savage after them and try to make the 
 chief or some of the Highland tribe to come on board and treat with them about the ransoming 
 of the rest of the Christian prisoners, in default of other things for the captured savages, of whom 
 we hold a like number. 
 
 5. 
 
 While engaged in the negotiation he shall closely inquire into the condition and state of the 
 savages, how strong the tribes are together, where they lie and what their intentions are. 
 
 6. 
 If he could make an armistice for some time with the expectation of peace with them, then it 
 would be well, so tiiat we can m the meantime get ourselves in better condition to resist them. 
 
 The savage prisoner, whom he takes along and who is, as we are told, a Wapping and brother 
 
New York Hislorical Records. 301 
 
 of the chief must not be released, unless 3 or 4 captured Christian children can be obtained for 
 hiin. 
 
 8. 
 If he should not be able to get speech of the Tlighland savages, then it is a sure siirn, that 
 their intentions are bad ; he shall then, whenever convenient, take most of tiie soldiers from the 
 Spaniard's yacht over into his and, as was said above, constantly cruise in the Highland or where 
 the river is narrowest especially at night and send down the Spaiuard's yacht to inform ns of every- 
 thing and meanwhile be always on his guard. Actum Fort Amsterdam in JSfeio-Netherland, the 
 16'" of October 1663. 
 
 P. Stuyvesant. 
 
 Instructions for Mr. Verbraack and Sergeant van den Boscn, sent with Lieu- 
 tenant COUWENHOVEN. 
 
 Instructions foi- S' Verhraack 
 and Sergeant Barmen Mar- 
 tensen van den Bosch. 
 1. 
 Coming up with the Company's yacht at Kichtavmngh they shall take 8 men out of the same 
 into theirs and go up the river as soon as the Company's yacht makes sail. 
 
 During the night they must never or at least as little as wind and weather permit, remain at 
 anchor, but as long as they are out they must cruise with the other ^^acht from one side of the river 
 to the other, where it is narrowest, to prevent the coming down of canoes. 
 
 Day and night they must keep close together, so that they can assist each other, if necessary, 
 and they must at all times look well to their arms. 
 
 4. 
 
 If they get some savages on boai-d, they must especially inquire as much as possible after the 
 Esojms and Wapj^ing-s, where they are, what other savages have joined them, how strong they 
 are and what their force is. 
 
 5. 
 
 Sr. Verbraack is requested to assist Lieutenant Couwenhoven in the writing and noting down 
 of what the savages say and what they themselves hear and to enter it all correctly. 
 
 fi. 
 If Lieutenant Couwenhoven^ should think it proper to remain cruising in the IJighlands, the 
 Sergeant shall turn over to him 4 or .5 men and come down with speed, to make us a report of 
 every thing. 
 
 They shall read and communicate to Lieut. Cmnvenhoocn the preceding as well as these 
 instructions, as soon as they reach him. 
 Actum IG'" October A° 1663. 
 
302 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Letter from Director Stutvesant to Lieutenant Couwenhoven ; instructions 
 
 FOR EXCHANGE OF PRISONERS WITH THE InDIANS. 
 
 Valiant, Faithful Sir. 
 I understand from tlie verbal and the written report of the bearer, that the chiefs of the 
 Stnsincks, Kichtawangn and Wiechquaeskecks solicit very earnestly the exchange of the captive 
 savage against a girl ; considering that he is ' himself a Sachem and brother to the chief of the 
 Wappings, we ought to have at least 2 or 3 for him, but if they promise, that, if we release this 
 prisoner for the girl, the aforesaid four Sachems will come down with you, to speak with us and 
 renew the old treaty, and if you believe, that any reliance can be placed upon their promise, then 
 we consent and authorize j'ou to let go the savage prisoner for the girl aud to come down here 
 with the chiefs the sooner the better, for I would like to go to Fort Orange before the winter and 
 speak with the Maquaas, to see whether peace can be made between them, the Maldcanders and 
 the Northern savages, so that each tribe may go quietly hunting beavers. You must impress this 
 on the minds of the chiefs, who are with you, to induce them to come down sooner and get every- 
 thing quiet. I recommend you in the meantime once more to inquire after everything and to 
 find out where our prisoners are and where the Esopus savages. That this may be the better 
 understood and explained I send herewith, in company with the Sargeant, the son-in-law of Pau- 
 lua, the guardian, namely Andries, who well understands and speaks the savages' tongue. You 
 can take him with you, when you speak with the savages. No more for the present, than to com- 
 mend you with our salutations to God's grace, from whom alone a good result must be asked and 
 expected. Done at Fort Amsterdam in Ifeio-Netherland, the 21"' of October 1863. 
 To Pieter Wolphertsen. 
 
 Letter from Director Stuyvesant to Capt. Cregier ; the peace with the AVap- 
 pings, just made, violated again by them. 
 
 Honorable, Yaliant, Faithful Sir. 
 We are informed to our great regret, that Lieutenant Pieter Wolpliertsen van Couwenhoven, 
 after having made and renewed the peace with the Wappings about 12 days ago and stipulated 
 for an exchange of prisoners according to his written and vei-bal report, went there yesterday a 
 week ago in Rut Jacohseri's yacht ; on the S"* inst., last Saturday, he was surprised by the Wap- 
 pings, the yacht was captured and burnt and the 6 or 8 men with him were murdered and he him 
 self taken as prisoner to the Wapping castle. We deemed it urgent to acquaint your Honor of 
 this affair by the bearer and at the same time to request and command, that your Honor come 
 down, to consider, after having put everything in good order, but we leave it to your Honoi-'s and 
 our friends' discretion, if your Honor should in the meantime see a chance, in consequence of 
 good information, to gain an advantage over the said Wappvngs with the assistance of some vol- 
 unteers and the force under your command. We send herewith a quantity of meat, about 2000 
 pounds, for the garrison. Wherewith etc''. 
 The 7'" November 1664 {sic for 1663.) 
 
New York Historical Jieconh. 303 
 
 Ordinance fob the bettkr sKcuErrv and settlkment of Bekgen, N. J., i-assed 
 15x11 November 1C(')3. 
 
 (See Laws of New-Netherland, p. 449.) 
 
 Mrani'E OF Council. Permission granted to several Indians to fish near IIaeelem. 
 
 15"" November. 
 
 To-day Sc?iouwenaer-ach, chief of Wiechquaeskeck, came into the fort and requested for 
 himself and his people permission to fish unmolested near the village of New-Haerlem. It was 
 granted to him on condition, that they shall not come armed into the neighborhood of the Dutch. 
 And that people might be quite sure, that it were no Esopus, but his men, he was given the seal 
 of the Company impressed in wa.x on little cards, which they can show meeting some Dutchmen. 
 Ady ut supra. 
 
 Nota : He received altogether 12 such cards or seals, namely 
 
 for the Wiechquaeskecks, whose chief is Sauwenaar-ach 4 — 
 
 for the Kichtawanrjhn, whose chief is Meghtsewakes 4 — 
 
 for the Reweghnoncks, whose chief is Currispin 4-. 
 
 the Kis Kighikonck and Sinsincqs have no chief now, but are counted among the foregoing 
 savages. 
 
 Letter from Vice-Directok La Montagne to Directok STin-vESANT ; repair of 
 the fort ; flight of the Mohegans. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant and Worshipful Gentlemen, 
 Gentlemen. 
 
 Your Hon""'^ Worships' letter of the first of November has been handed to us by William 
 Bogardus on the 18"" inst. After having read it in our meeting we called together the principal 
 men of the place and communicated the contents to them ; they were satisfied with it and made 
 the advances to the Hon''''' Company as entered on the enclosed list, to which we refer. 
 
 His Hon"'' Worship the Director General [has explained to us in liis letter] of the lo"" of 
 June last past [the necessity] of repairing the now decayed fort here, [leaving it to our judgment] 
 whether it would not be better, to strengthen the stone-house here and break off all the old huts 
 around it, but we found that all the houses were in the fort and that it could not be done without 
 great expenses, therefore M'e let the matter rest so far, expecting that the Hon"''-* General would 
 come here, to give his opinion on it ; however on the lO"" of October a certain rumor reached us 
 that several tribes had gathered behind the Keesienweyshoeck {Mallowsmeadowhook) and that 
 they would come in 2 or 3 days to attack the country-people, in consequence of which some fled 
 and we resolved unanimously to repair the comers as before with the least expense and the greatest 
 speed and leave the old huts to stand altogether and it was done so that the corners are now more 
 solid and stronger, than ever before and there remains only to make the sally-port and the gun- 
 carriages for which the material is ready and which they will begin to do to-morrow. 
 
 The flight of the Mahicanders, who have left their land and corn, as well as the strange and 
 
304 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 unheard of disposition of the other savages takes away our hope to write to your Hon'''"' Worships 
 during this winter. Meanwhile we commend your Hon"'" Worships to God protection and remain 
 
 Your Hon""' Worships' affectionate friends 
 The Vice-Director and Commissaries of Fort Orange and the 
 
 village of Beverwyclc. 
 La Montagne, Vice-Director. 
 Fort Orange Jan Thomassen 
 
 the 15"" November 1G63. Goosen Gerrettsen 
 
 Stoffel Jansen. 
 
 To the Honorable, Valiant, and Worshipful Gentleman, 
 his Honor Petrus Stuyvesant, Director-General and 
 Council of New-Netherland at Fort Amsterdam. 
 
 Letper from Director Stuyvesant to Captain Cregier : the Wappings have not 
 
 BROKEN THE PEACE, CaPTAIN C. ORDERED TO THE MaNHATANS. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant Sir. 
 
 Our last letter to you was expressly sent in the Company's yacht 12 days ago on receipt of 
 the distressing news, M'hich we had heard about Pieter Wolphertsen, namely that he had been 
 attacked by the Waj)j)ings under a simulated friendship and the pretext of negotiating about the 
 release of the prisoners and that he and all his men had been murdered. We had proposed to 
 you on that occasion and left it to your judgment and better information, to take revenge for it 
 of the Wappings and strike a heavy blow at them with your soldiers and some volunteers. We 
 have since been informed by Mr. Abraham Staats to our great joy and delight, that it was not 
 true and that he had spoken with Pieter Wolphertsen and Rut Jacdbsen near the Esopus river. 
 We are very much astonished and displeased, that during all this time not a letter nor a word of 
 news has been received from either Pieter Wolphertsen or )-ou and that the yacht is detained 
 there contrary to our verbal and written orders, we cannot imagine for what reasons, the more so, 
 because we had so plainly commanded you to come down with the yacht for the purpose of con- 
 ferring with us over the matter for the best of the country. We repeat the order herewith and 
 wish it done upon receipt of this letter with all possible speed and direct that the design upon the 
 Wappings be deferred until then, if it cannot be carried with prospect of a good success and in 
 safety or if it is not done. Wherewith etc*. 
 19'" November 1663. 
 
 Instructions for Lieutenant van Couwenhoven and two others to ascertain 
 
 THE disposition OF THE EsOPUS AND WapPING InDIANS TOWARDS A PEACE. 
 
 Instructions for Lieutenant Pieter Wolphertsen van 
 Couwenhoven, Sergeant Pieter Ehel and Harmen 
 Douwesen, all three well versed in the savage tongue. 
 
 Whereas we are informed by Thomas Hall, that the cliief of the Wappings lias sent one of his 
 savages, whom the aforesaid Thomas Hall has seen and heard speak, to the Governor of Hew- 
 
^Vcw York Ilidorical Records. 305 
 
 Haven and requested him to act as mediator and advocate for a contiTination of tlie peace between 
 us and Iiis tribe and to bring it about, asking for tliis purpose a letter from tlie said (Governor to 
 this government and giving as reason to the said Governor, that liis chief and his tribe had never 
 done any ill to the Dutch nor tried to do, but desired to contiinu- in ])eace with them, to which 
 must be added, that on the 17"' of this month the chiefs of JLifkiiiijhsiikJj and Staten-Jdand 
 appeared before our board, bringing with them some of the mi^t pioinincnt matrons of this 
 place, through whom thej asked for peace not only for the aforesaid Wnjijii/ujs but also for the 
 Jisopus savages, declaring frankly, that they had been requested and directed by both tribes to do 
 it : And whereas we have yesterday, the 20"', i-eceived and heai-d the written and verbal reports 
 of Lieutenant Couwenhoven, saying in stdistance, that on the 6"' and 7"' inst. the &oj}us chief 
 
 called came to him on board and declared frankly, that he was ashamed to 
 
 sjjcak, that he neither could nor would continue at war with us any longer, but sued for peace, 
 Tlierefore, all this having been considered by the Director-General and Council of New-Netherland, 
 they have resolved, wdth the advice and consent of the Burgomasters, to send the above-named 
 three persons, who understand and speak the savage language very well, to the Wupp'mgs, that 
 they may inquire for themselves, whether they are so minded, as wo are infcniicd and if they tind 
 it correct, to tell them in our name, that we are willing to continue and ix'uew the peace with 
 them on solid and good conditions, also to make peace with the Esopus, when the balance of onr 
 prisoners shall have been released in exchange for those, whom we have of their people. 
 
 If they find the Wajypings and Esojms so disposed, as they are said to be, they are to tell 
 them, that they must be quick in their resolves, as the winter is before the doors and the yachts 
 cannot go much longer, that they speedily must come down to conclude the peace with us, coming 
 either in this yacht or following in a short time in their canoes. 
 
 If the Warping and Esopus chiefs and savages should be afraid to come down to this place, 
 the aforesaid messengers are authorized to appoint time and ]>lace with the savages either on the 
 end of this island, at Hobooclcen, on Staten-Idand or elsewhere between tStateu-Idand and the 
 end of Manhatans Island. 
 
 4. 
 
 Should however the Wappitigs and the Esopiis savages be found not quite or absolutely 
 inclined to make a firm and inviolable peace according to their request and propositions, which 
 they will be able to learn and find out soon and in the first idace, thi^i they must quickly return 
 and report to us. 
 
 5. 
 
 They may forgive the Esopus their last attempts on the "corn land," but the six captured 
 Christians must also be exchanged and delivered, before we can make peace with that tribe. If 
 the Esojnis savages are inclined hereto, then they shall go up to the Esopus, to fetch the squaws 
 and children, still held there and to surrender them upon receipt of the ('hristian prisoners. 
 
 G. 
 If ompelled to go to the EsopuK for the above stated reasons, then they must inform us 
 minutely in writing of their proceedings by a savage sent either overland or in a canoe. Pieter 
 Jansen van Kuyck is sent with them for this ])urpose, to note and write down everything properly. 
 39 
 
306 Colonial Settlements on the liudmn River. 
 
 7. 
 They shall bring away from the Esojnis the three bronee pieces witli their appurtenances, the 
 Baddies and bridles, which have mostly been borrowed from other people and are being called for, 
 also the powder carts and the large rope, sent up there, so that they may be laid away here until 
 
 better use and service. 
 
 8. 
 
 Finally as the winter is before our doors the greatest speed as well in their upward trip as 
 comino- down is recommended to them. Actum in Fort Amsterdam in New-Netftsrland, the 
 
 21st gb'^r i6g3_ 
 
 Letter from Director Stuyvesant to the magistrates at Wiltwyck : collec- 
 tions FOR the church AND FOR THE POOR ; SUPERINTENDENCE OF INTESTATES' 
 
 ESTATES. 
 
 Honorable, Dear, Faithful Friends. 
 
 You will learn from the enclosed copy what wo have written to the reverend Consistory of 
 Wiltiijyck aTid we do not doubt, that such abuses will be prevented iu future. We have also been 
 informed from that side and we shall learn in due time, whether it is true or not, that you have 
 arrotrated the disposal of what is collected in the community either for the church or for the 
 poor. If it is so, then it is our opinion and we command, that the disposal and tlie distribution 
 of it shall only concern the Consistory and remain until further order in its hands. Therefore you 
 must in no way presume, but one side and the other must remain within the boundaries of their 
 respective positions and confer with each other in love and friendship, which, we hope, will be 
 done. We commend you to God's grace and protection and remain with cordial greetings 
 
 Honorable, Dear, Faithful Friends. 
 Fort AmstcrdciTn 
 in N. N. 2P' 9^" 1663. 
 
 Postscript. 
 As we have referred to you, because it was proper for the avoidance of further difficulties, and 
 now do it again, that a good and strict attention and care should be given to the goods and effects 
 left behind by such pei-sons, as should die without lawful heirs or testamentary disposition, tlierefore 
 we have also for pregnant reasons resolved, that the money-proceeds from such estates shall be 
 placed in charge of the overseers of the poor, after the liabilities and assets have been adjusted ; 
 so that the same may be better taken care of, until it is proved who has a right to the money. 
 Relying hereupon we commend you again to God's protection and remain with cordial greetings. 
 
 Honorable, Dear, Faithful friends. 
 Actum Amsterdam 
 in N. Netherld, 2P' 9"" 1663. 
 
New Yo)'k Historical litcords. 307 
 
 Letter FKOM the same to the Consistory at Wiltwyck they are not to inter- 
 fere IN MATTERS CONCERNING INTESTATE ESTATES. 
 
 Eeverend, Pious and Very Discreet Friends. 
 
 You will see by the enclosed copy, of what the magistrates of the village of WiUwych have 
 complained to us. It appears strange to us, that you oppose the magistrates in matters of such 
 a nature, for upon them falls the duty properly, to apjwint administrators and to have the estates 
 inventoried; the Consistory has no direction in it, much less, should it pronounce any interdict 
 through the Court messenger against rendering an account to the Commissaries or the ad- 
 ministrators appointed by them for the estate left behind by this or that person without heirs 
 or testamentary disposition, for tliey are bound by their official duties to take care of the 
 estates through orphanmasters or curators, that after the liabilities and assets have been ad- 
 justed, absent heirs may obtain their own. In case the overseers of the poor or tlie Consis- 
 tory should have or pretend to have some claim upon an estate for advanced money, given 
 either for funeral expenses or on interest or as a loan to this or that person, then they could not 
 be their own judges, much less arrogate the estate on their own authority, but they must proceed 
 according to law and get an order of attachment, when it is required. You are therefore hereby re- 
 quired not to make any opposition to the inventory of some intestate estate, much less to order 
 anybody through the Courtmessenger or forbid him, to give a specified account or reliqual to the 
 Court or the guardians appointed by it, nor to forbid or prevent the payment of a debt in any 
 other manner, than by attachment and other sm-h legal proceedings before the Court. You may 
 appeal in behalf of the deacons or the church if you find yourself wronged. 
 
 As renewed complaints have been made in this regard by the Magistrates, we trust that the 
 error committed by you will be promptly correctetl and avoided in future ; but we are also in- 
 formed and shall hear in due time, whether it is true or not, that the Magistrates tried to arrogate 
 the disposal of what is collected in tlie community for the church or the jioor. If it is, as we 
 arc informed, then we are of opinion and direct, that the disposal and distribution of it properly 
 concerns and shall remain in the care of the Consistory. We recommend you, the one side and 
 the other, before closing each to remain within the boundaries of your respective positions and 
 to continue as well officially as privately to live together in mutual friendship and harmony ; we 
 inform you both hereof in love and friendship and rely upon its proper observance. We com- 
 mend you all to God's protection and remain with greetings, 
 
 Honorable, Pious and Very Discreet Friends. 
 Fort Amsterdam, 
 21" November 1663. 
 
 Letter from Vice-Director LaMontaone and Jeremias vax Hensselaer to 
 Director Stuyvesant ; LErra:RS received from Col. Temple and General 
 Pinchon ; the Mohawks on the war j'ath. 
 
 ' Honorable, Very Worshipful General and Council. 
 Since your last letter of the 2P' September with a copy of a letter from Col. Temple, dated 
 the 26"" July and his letter to Captain Willctt, sent to us by the Hon'''"-' Council an open letter in 
 English from General John Pinchon who lives at Spriwjfiddf^ in New-Euglaud has been brought 
 
 » Massachusetts. 
 
308 Colonial SettleinentH on the Hudson River. 
 
 us by savages, which we have answered, as the enclosure will show. After 
 
 a party of Sinnehus and 3Iaquaas has left, to march against their enemies , they took 
 
 their course above the Cahoose* that neither the Dutch nor the MaMhanders shoiild know or 
 get information of it. They are still out and we have no news nor information of their plans 
 and adventures. You will have heard by this time, that, God be praised, there is no truth in the 
 report of the capture of the yacht and Lieut. Pieter Wolphertsen van Couwenhoven. Concerning 
 the warning to be on our guard and keep good watch, we hope that the good God will save us ; 
 as to the MaMhanders and Katsldl savages, Aepje and Keesien Wey came here to-day, with 
 whom we transacted what your Hon*'" Worships will see by the annexed proposals and answers. 
 Your Hon''''^ Worships will find among others, that the KatsJcils do not concern themselves about 
 the Esop>us, as we urgently recommended to them and they promised to act upon it. They are 
 also satisfied and pleased, that they may live in Katshil, therefore we request, that your Hon"'" 
 Worships will please not to molest the Katshil savages. We hope, his Honor, the General, has 
 again recovered his good health. Whereas it seems evident, that we shall not be able to write to 
 your Hon'"'^ Worships before winter sets in fully, we hope yet to receive your Hon'''° Worships' 
 answer. We commend herewith your Hon**'^ Worships to God's protection and remain 
 
 Your Hon'''' Worships' affectionate friends 
 Fori- Orange, La Montagne 
 
 the 24'" 9''" 1663. Jeeemias van Eensselaer 
 
 By order of both the Courts 
 D. V. Schelluyne, Secretary of the Colony of Rensselaersioyck. 
 
 Johannes Provoost, Clerk. 
 
 Message of the Indians of Agawam to the Dutch and answer to it by the Mo- 
 hawk chief Adogodquo. 
 
 This is wi-itten to your Honors at the request of the Indians of Agawam, PajassucTc, Nal- 
 wetog PacomtucJi- and the Wissatinnewag, to inform their friends, the Dutch, that they are very 
 mucb put out, because the SowquacTcicTc Indians had killed and murdered some of the Maquaas y 
 all the above named Indians request herewith, that the Dutch Commissaries will believe, that only 
 SowquacTcick Indians had been killing the Maquaas. 
 
 As to the other Indians of the Caneticot river, as Pacomtuck, Nanatan, Agawam and further 
 down, they deplore it exceedingly, repudiate the deed and s- ear at the Soioquackick, because they 
 have killed the Maquaas and they will have nothing to do with them, for they are resolved 
 to keep up their intercourse and friendship with the Maquaas as before. The Indians of 
 the several places mentioned before request the Sachems of the Dutch to assure the 
 Maquaas and inform them how the matter is ; they assure the Maquaas that they had no 
 knowledge of it, they were at too great a distance, to prevent the proceedings of the Sowquackich 
 and tell the Maquaas, that they will remain their friends. The Soioquackicks\\a.\e indeed broken 
 the friendship with the Maquaas and we will let the Maquaas act according to their pleasure. 
 The Sowqiiackicks live at the head of the river of Cameticot and they are the ones, who fell upon 
 the Maquaas and the Indians beyond them to the North and Northeast as far as Nolongewock, 
 
 * Cohoes. 
 
New York Illstoncal liecordx. 309 
 
 but the Southern Indians of racomtucli and Ayawam and farther South assure, that tlicv will 
 remain friends with tlie Maquaas and hope, that they will live in peace with them. It was signed 
 S^v'ingfidd, July 28'" 16t53. 
 
 John Pynciion. 
 
 This is the answer to an open letter of the 28"" July, written in Englixh by Mr. John Pyn- 
 ciion and handed to us by two Northern savages yesterday the 2P' of October. "We have trans- 
 lated the contents of this letter to a Maquaas, called Adogodquo alias the Big Spoon, who 
 answered, It was well, that other savages, their friends, would have nothing to do with the Ono- 
 concqxiehagas or Sowquackicks, their enemies. But if the savages, their friends, would send 
 hither some of their people with presents, then the friciidshi]' and peace would be so much tinner 
 and he says, that he will then do his best. The Dutch, ton, must make every possible effort to 
 iiave the peace maintained. This was interpreted into tiie Maquaas iongne to the said Adogodquo 
 by the Commissaiy Jan Thuiiias at J'^ort Orange tlie 22'' October 1063. 
 
 In presence of * I). Y. Schelluyne, 
 
 Seci-etary of the Colony of Rensselaer S'wyck. 
 
 CoDNciL-MiNCTES. Fkoceedings wmi Katskil iNniANS. 
 
 Extract. Extraordinary Session held by both Courts 
 
 at Fort Orange, the 10"" October 16G3. 
 
 "We have heard to-day a certain ominous rumor, namely, that the Esopus savages intended 
 to come up here in 2 or 3 days, to do harm to the country people. We have therefore gath- 
 ered information from the Mahikanders, who thought we knew of it and informed lis, thitt 
 more than 15 days ago some Esopus had been at Keessien Wey^s hook who wanted to come up, 
 but had been prevented this time and in order to get at the truth of the nuitter, we have unani- 
 mously concluded, to send for 2 or 3 Sachems of the Katskils with Keesien Wey, and to see, 
 whether they can give further news. 
 
 Elhert Gerhertsen Cruyff. 
 
 AVhereas a rumor is circulated, that troubles with the Esopiis and other savages are about to 
 arise here, therefore the Courts both of Fort Orange aiul the Colony of Rensselaer swyck have 
 resolved and found it necessary, to dispatch the bearer hereof Jan the weaver with a savage called 
 Tomas to you, that you will please to take care as quickly as possible, that 2 or 3 of the principal 
 savages in Katskd, especially Macsachnimanau and Safpagood, also Keesien Wey come hither, 
 upon which we rely and we shall expect your early arrival here N\-ith the aforesaid sa\-ages. 
 Actum Fori Orange, 10'" October Anno 1663. 
 
 Extraordinary Session held by both Courts 
 at Fori Orange the 23* November 1063. 
 
 The letter of the TIonoral)lc Director-General written by his Honor's Secretary van liuyven 
 of the 7th inst. was opened and read and the following answer given : 
 
 On the aforesaid day Eldert Gerhertsen Gruyff appeared in the Court with the Indians from 
 Katskil, namely Maosaohnimanau, Saosamoes, Keesien Wey, Sichano alias Teunis, and Aepje 
 and reports, that he has several times sent word and requested them to come to the Fort, but they 
 
310 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 excused themselves, because they had to look out for their livelihood by sliooting and hunting and 
 the aforesaid savages say it also. The Commissary Jan Tomassen then asked KeesienWey, 
 whether they were concerned in the war of the Esopus, whereupon he answered, that he has pre- 
 vented the Esopus five times, who wanted to do harm at Katshil and further up to the bouweries, 
 dissuading them every time and making them presents of wampum. He complains, that, when 
 he comes here, the Dutch pull him by the ears and call him an Esopus rascal. 
 
 Hereupon the meeting was adjourned until to-morrow and four strings of wampum, amount- 
 ing to 20 guilders, were presented to the savages, on condition of coming again to-morrow. 
 
 Peoceedings at Foet Oeange wrru the Mohawks and MoHEQAjfs. 
 
 Extract. Extraordinary session of 
 
 the two Courts at Fort Orange 
 . . . . 1663. 
 
 The Honorable members of the two Courts (say to) Keesien Wey, in presence of the above- 
 named .... savages and of ... . and of Saghwiha, two cliiefs of the Maquaas 
 and Mahicanders. {Aepje . . . Wektpe not being present.) 
 (Translated as before.) 
 
 1. The Catshils and Mahikanders for what the Esopus and their adherents 
 
 done up here, but that They give herewith ten strings of 
 
 wampum. 
 
 2. If you, Keesien Wey or any (of your tribe) our bi'others up liere have (been injured) by the 
 Dutch, then tell us, we shall (redress it). We gave them hereupon ten strings of white wampum. 
 
 3. Warn the Esopus and their adherents against doing any harm to the Dutch from Catskil up 
 to this place or to the yachts and vessels sailing uj) and down, for we have done no harm to them. 
 Keep no Esopus or other bad savage among your people nor allow your men to go among them, 
 for, as we have told you before, it might be detrimental to you and that would grieve us. We 
 gave hereupon twenty strings of white wampum. 
 
 4. As you are our brothers, promise, that you will warn us and resist tliose, who will injure us, 
 giving them ten strings of black wampum. 
 
 5. Brothers, you receive these presents now, on the condition, that, according to your custom, 
 you keep your wora and be and remain our friends. We gave them then ten strings of black 
 wampum. 
 
 The Catshils answered then through the mouth of Keesien Wey : We have now made a 
 firm alliance with our brotliers, the Dutch, and can now come up without fear. We shall keep 
 the peace firmly and inviolably for us and them and both our descendants. 
 
 In testimony hereof we also give to the aforesaid Maquaas ten strings of white wampum and 
 to the MahiJcander Wehepe ten strings of white wampum, whereupon the Maquaas Adogodquo 
 answered, I shall bring this present to the Maquaas, my brothers, and inform them of all that 
 has been concluded and confirmed here by handshaking. 
 
Kew Yorh Ilidorical Becord'i. 311 
 
 Answer of Rev. Hermanvs Bi.om to Director Stoyvesaxt's i.ErrF.ii, concern- 
 ing CLERICAL AFFAIRS AT WiLTWYCK. 
 
 Yery Worsliipful, Prudent and Very Discreet Sir. 
 Sir. 
 
 Tour letter of the 21" November has been received by us as well as the enclosed copy, sent 
 by your Honor. We should have answered the same properly, but caniidt do it now on account 
 of the huri-ied departure of the yachts and defer it therefore to a better opportunity. In regard 
 to the estates of deceased persons we have done no more, than to send our clerk to Cornells Slecht 
 and Juriaen Westval, that they should not give up the surplus of the estates into the hands of 
 the Magistrates, before we have examined whether the overseers of the jKjor ur the \illagc were 
 authorized to receive it and we maintain that position, until we are better informed ; that is the 
 whole of the matter, while they write so amply about it, that we do it judicially and trouble our- 
 selves with their business and assume their duties and other things. Your Honors may see UOW; 
 what it amounts to ; methinks, we are not so wrong in tlie matter, if we want to examine the case 
 ourselves and discover who has a claim to the money, when there are no heirs, for it is our duty to 
 take care of the poor and we have at present a heavy burden laid upon us ; much less we meddle with 
 matters of this nature in opposition to the civil authorities, to compel the same to appoint cm-ators 
 of the estate, nor have we ever thought of it, much less even to forbid them through the Court 
 messenger, while it has only been done by our clerk, \vho simply spoke to the aforesaid persons: 
 we leave them to attend to their duties and have enougli to do with ours, but they do not the 
 same, as the following will show. 
 
 We also learn from your Honor's letter, that they have made several complaints, while the 
 Magistrates have not yet heard the Consistory, except Alheri Ilaymensen, whom they call tlie 
 Consistory and him they heard whimsically at their meeting instantaneously summoned, while he 
 is only a member of the Consistory, for the Consistory consists in the country, where the number 
 of elders is only small, of the preacher, the ciders and deacons, according to tlie order of the 
 Synod of Dort, as your Honor knows 
 
 The Magistrates summoned, as your Honors know, the preacher and I answered, tliat they 
 must not let me wait, but they say, tlie messenger had given as reason, because it was a day of 
 prayer the next day and I had to preach therefore; then I had to come immediately with Albert 
 Heymansen, one of the Consistory, so that the matter was not delayed ; we will show your Honor 
 in due time, how they have treated us in regard to other ecclesiastical matters etc. as well as to 
 the house of Claesjen Teunis, also how they have compelled us by some documents to , . . 
 before the church in the afternoon. ******** 
 
 (Parts of this letter are gone.) Hermanus Blom. 
 
 WiUwich, Dec"' 3^ 16G3. 
 
 Insteuctions given TO Martin Cregier and Govert Loockermans for the pur- 
 chase OF THE NeVESING COUNTRY, FROM BaeNEGATT TO TH E RaRITAN. 
 
 6"" December 1663. 
 
 Whereas the Director-General and Council of New-Neiherland have been several times in- 
 formed by the Newednyh as well as by the Stateri Island savages, that the English have repeat- 
 edly tried to buy the country of the Newesinyhs and that for tliat purpose some Englishmen vmnt 
 
312 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 there in a barge last night, therefore to hinder and prevent this and to anticipate all such preten- 
 sions the Director-General and Council have resolved to send there with all possible speed Capt. 
 Lieutenant Martin Cregier and Sr. Govert Loochermans, who are not only to look at and view 
 the country of the Wewesim.ghs, but also to purchase the same from the lawful owners, as far as 
 the same has not been previously bought and paid for by the agent of Baron van der Oapelle, or 
 at least persuade the savages hj cogent reasons not to sell much less to convey the unbought por- 
 tion of their land in future to any Englishmen or other strange nation, according to their promise. 
 If they wish to sell the land, they may come here with the aforesaid persons, to make with the 
 Director-General and Council an agreement of sale. The few following rules are given for their 
 direction : 
 
 FiEST. They must endeavor to got speech of the Xewesingli Indians and advise them by all 
 imaginable reasons against selling their land to the English or to strangers, the more so as the 
 greater part of the lands has been sold and conveyed to our people a long time ago. 
 
 2. 
 The owners must be requested, to go with them and point out the lands, which they desire 
 to sell, unless the Sachems and other owners of the Wewesingh lands, as far as they have not been 
 sold and conveyed to the agent of Baron van der Capelle, wish to sell to nobody else generally, 
 but the Director-General and Council the land from Barnegatt to the liaritan river, which would 
 obviate much tramping over the country and inspecting ; if they a're willing to do this, then the 
 Sachefns and owners must be persuaded, to come hither and agree upon the price and conditions. 
 
 3. 
 In order to persuade them the easier, the aforesaid agents are liereby authorized to state, that 
 all foi-mer acts and claims shall be forgotten and forgiven, if the Newesingh savages will sell the 
 land to nobody, but the Director-General and Council. 
 
 i. 
 They are to inquire for the Englishmen; who went there last night, as it is reported, to view 
 and purchase tlie lands from the Newesingh savages. When tliey find them, they shall protest 
 against the English in the most polite manner, prove to them by the placat, which they wiU 
 take along, that nobody is allowed to purchase lands within tliis province without the consent of 
 the Director-General and Council and therefore, if the purchase has been made, declare it null 
 and void. Adij ut supra. P. Stutvesant, 
 
 NiCASIUS DE SiLLE. 
 
 Complaint against Frederick PniLippsEN, N^icholas Meyer and others foe 
 
 DRIVING FROM WlLTWYCK TO THE IIeDOUBT WITHOUT A CONVOY. 
 
 To their Noble, Very Worshipful lienors, the Director-General and Council of New- 
 Netherland. 
 
 Shows with due reverence iVzcas'iws c?(J <Sz7fe, Fiscal, that according to a letter from Ensign 
 Niessen, Nicholas Meyer, Frederick Philippsen, Jeronimus Ehhingh, and Luycas Andriesen 
 have presumed to drive with six wagons, loaded with grain, to the Redovbt without a convoy, 
 as they were not willing to wait for the letters to the Director General and Council and for the 
 escort, which is contrary to orders and in derision of the placards, because great danger was im- 
 
New Yorl Historical Recor(h. 313 
 
 mincnt ; a licavy reproach would liave fallen upon the officers, if an onslaught had heen made 
 upon them, as it has happened before and it was further in disobedience to the orders of the Di- 
 rector-General and Council. To prevent such proceedings in future, these people ought not to 
 be allowed to go unpunished as having done well, but must be punished. Therefore the Fiscal 
 has come to the conclusion, that the aforesaid persons ought to be condemned to a jSne of twenty- 
 five guilders, pursuant to the order of the i"' August last past, if they will promise not to do so 
 again, but to obey such orders, as the officers appointed by the Director-General shall give. 
 Fort Amsterdam, the S"" 'K}""' 1663. 
 
 Your Hon''"' "Worships' servant, 
 
 NiCASIUS DE SiLLK. 
 
 The foregoing complaint of the Fiscal was read to the accused, who answered, that not only 
 had the convoy been ready, to go with them, but the soldiers were also already outside of the gate 
 and whereas the wagons with the grain were already ahead, as it is the common custom, they, the 
 defendants, followed their wagons, supposing the escort would go with them ; they do not know, 
 why the Ensign held them back. 
 
 It was decided : 
 
 Before sentence is pronounced in this case, it is resolved, to send a copy of the defendants' 
 excuse to Ensign Christian Niessen and to await his further report and verification of their 
 reply. Date as above. 
 
 Petition of Cornelius Baeentsen Slecrt for a lot near the mill gate at 
 
 WiLTWYCK. 
 
 To the Noble, Honorable, "Worshipful, "Wise, Prudent and Very Discreet Director- 
 General and Council of Xew-NetherhouJ. 
 
 Shows with due reverence Cornelis Barentscn Slecld, inhabitant of the village of Wiltuyi/ck, 
 that by a petition to the Hon'''" Court at Wi/tivi/cl:. he has asked for a lot to build upon, which is 
 situate in the village of JViltwyck and is a small corner of land west of the mill gate against the 
 lot of Aert Otter Spoor y the petitioner would like to erect a dwelliughouse upon it before winter, 
 as he is about to move from EhhincJc^s bouwery and whereas he has been referred with his petition 
 by the Hon''"' Court to the Director-General and Council of New-Netherland, that they should 
 decide upon it, he requests humbly and respectfully, that your Hon**'" "Worships will please to 
 give and grant him as his property the aforesaid corner of land convenient for a dwelliughouse, a 
 brewery and a bakery, in consideration that the petitioner is an old inhabitant of the place, upon 
 which relying he awaits your Hon''''' "Worships' favorable decision. Actum in Wiltwycl; the 17"' 
 November. (It was signed.) 
 
 Your Hon'''" Worships' humble aiul obedient servant, 
 
 CoKNELIS BaRENTSEN SlECHT. 
 
 It was decided on the foregoing petition : 
 
 If it can be done without considerable prejudice to anybody, the Court at Wi!ttri/rk is 
 authorized to let the piece of land in question be laid out for the petitioner, considering that he 
 is an old inhabitant. The 8"" December 1663. 
 40 
 
314 Colonial Setilements on the Hudson JRiver. 
 
 Minute of Council. Information communicated by Oeatamy, chief of the 
 Hackinkesaky, that the Wapping and Esopus Indians are coming to conclude 
 A treaty of peace. 
 10"" December. 
 
 To-daj Oratainy, chief of Hackinghsacky, came into the Council chamber at Fort Amster- 
 dam and reported, that the two savages, sent by him according to the agreement of the Id"" 9'"^' to 
 the Wapping and Esopus Sachems, had returned and brought the information, that the Wapj>ings, 
 Esopus and other savages were very glad, that the Dutch were willing to make at their request a 
 peace with them. To promote it the said Sachems had promised to come down here with the 5 
 captive Christians, who are still in their hands, within 8 days. He requests a blanket for the sav- 
 ages, who had been to tlie Wappings and was told, that they should receive a present, when the 
 said Sachems should arrive here, as tliey report. 
 
 Present the Hon"'^ General, the Fiscal aud Lieut. Pletcr WolpJiersten as interpreter. Date 
 as above. 
 
 Journal of a voyage to the Newesi-nghs by Captain Cregiee. 
 
 1663. Voyage to the Newesinghs, made in the lion"'^ Company's yacht and what has hap- 
 pened during the same, on board of the yacht having been M. Kregier, Goovert Loockermans, 
 Jakes Corteljiou and Pieter Evel with ten soldiers, two sailors, the Sachem and another savage of 
 Staten-Island. 
 
 6"" December.] About three o'clock we left the Manhatans under sail and arrived behind 
 Staten-Island at about 6 o'c. in the evening, where the Sachem of this island and the savage 
 went ashore ; they remained about one hour on land and then came again ou board, the tide coming 
 in we set sail and sailed through the Kil van Kol, we came past the Schutters island into the 
 shallow water and dropped anchor, to i-emain here until the tide should go out. 
 
 T"" December.] About three hours before break of day we heaved the anchor again and 
 went with the ebb down the Kil behind Staten Island. In the morning we put on sails and 
 tacked until the ebb had run out, when we again cast anchor. The tide having run out at about 
 two o'clock of the afternoon we raised the anchor and tacked again ; toward evening we saw a 
 sail, with which we came up in the evening and we hailed her, for it was Pieter Lowrensen with 
 his sloop, liaving on board Jacob Coiowenhoven. They said, they were going to barter for deer 
 meat. We tacked with our two yachts the same evening as far as the end of Staten-Island and 
 then came to anchor just at the mouth of the Parytan Kil, where two houses of southern sav- 
 ages stand. The said Couwcnhoven told us, the English, numbering nineteen men had gone in 
 an open sloop up the Rarltan on the day before, to where the Newesinghs and Ilaritans were 
 camping together about 3 long leagues up the Kil. The savages reported to us the same. We 
 remained before the Raritan Kil over night, to go up the Kil also next day and follow the 
 English, but as it began to blow very hard from the northwest during the night, we had to remain 
 over night. 
 
 8"".] It still blew very hard from the Nortliwest, so that we could not go up the ^a?^ 
 tan Kil, we had to remain through the day and resolved to send the savage, Hans, overland to 
 the N'ewesingh savages, who were camping 3 leagues up the Kil. It was done directly. We 
 sent him off immediately with verbal orders to inform the Sachems of the Newesinghs and Pari- 
 
Ni-vj York Historical Records. 315 
 
 tans, tliat we were layiwj; with the yacht hefore the ItU and that we desh-ed them (o come down 
 to us at once to speak with them. Wf directed ILnis also to tell the Sachems, that if some 
 Englishmen should come tliere or were there already and wished to purchase from them some 
 laud, they mtist not sell the same to the EixjUsh, for they had not asked the Dutch Sachems at 
 the Manlmtans and had stealthily gone here and if the Sachems of the Newedtiyhs wished to 
 sell some land, they should come here to us, we would then speak together. Hans left directly 
 at sunrise, to tell this to the savages, while we remained before the Kil. 
 
 9"'.] At about 9 o'clock in tiie morning we saw the Em/Jixh vessel come down the KII, where- 
 upon we raised anchor immediately and sailed towards them to hail them. This done and come 
 up with them, we inquired, whence tliey came, the skipper Stofel Elawort answered, Down the 
 Kil, upon our question, what they had done there, he said, I carried the English there. I told 
 them, that it was unbecoming and contrary to the laws of the country to proceed in this manner 
 and that they would be punished. Thereupon Willem Golden called out, 'Tis well, 'tis well. 
 
 In the boat were Caerels 2lorgen, Jan Bou, Jeeyns IIohheH, Willem Galdert, Rendel Iluyt, 
 Dirrich StaxU, Jems Grover, Jan Rotman, Sam Sjxjser, Tomas Wittock, Sergeant Gyhhincks 
 from Oysterbay, a man called Kreupelbos, one from Vlissingen and 2 from Jamycke and some 
 others, whom we did not know, about 20 altogether. At about three o'clock in the afternoon of 
 the same day IIa7is, the savage, whom we had sent on the 8"" to the Nev)esingh Sachems, camp- 
 ing some waj- up the Raritan Kil, came back and brought with him 6 or 7 savages, who told 
 us, the English had come to tlieni the day before Hans the savage arrived and had given them 
 some wine, 2 strings of black and 1 string of white wampum, asking, Avhether they were willing 
 to sell some of their lauds to them. Meanwhile Hans the savage arrived and nothing came of it, 
 so that the English left again. 
 
 10"'.] We left the Raritan Kil again and two savages came with us, who knew the country 
 towards the Netoesinghs. We went down the bay, came to the mouth of the Kil which empties 
 into the sea between Renselaer^s Hook and the Sandj>oi/it and found there Stqff'el Elsioort with 
 his sloop and all the Englishmen aground in the Kil. We could not enter the Kil witli our sloop 
 and landed in a boat; we went along the strand towards them and when we came near, we 
 saw them standing under arms. The Schout Carls Morgcn and Jan Bou came without arms 
 towards us, Jack asked them, what business they had here, to which they answered, they had come 
 to trade, we told them, why are you come in such numbei-s, if you only go to trade and they 
 replied, the savages are rascals and cannot be trusted, therefore we have come in such numbers. 
 We then said, we had been informed, that they had gone out to bu}' land from the savages, to 
 which they replied, we only go to look at it. Said we again, they should not undertake to buy 
 any land from the savages, as it has mostly been bought by the Dutch already. Jan Bou answered 
 me. Under what government do you consider us to be. I said, that they stood under the jurisdic- 
 tion of the States General and under the Hon'"''' Director-General and Council here, to which he 
 re})lied, Why may we then not go out to trade and look out for land just as well as you do. 
 I answered, they must not undertake to buy land from the savages, unless they had proper per- 
 mission from the Director-General and Council. Jan Bou said then. It is well, and Stoffel 
 Elswort called out, I told them the same before, that they should not do it. Govcrt Loockerrnans 
 then told them, you are a pack of traitors, for you act against the laws of tiie country. They 
 said, the King's patent covered the whole of America and Loockermans answered, from whom 
 have you your patents, to which they said, from the Manhatans. loockermans replied. Why 
 then do you act against this state, to which Carls Morgcn said, Take notice of it. The English 
 had with them a savage, who was from the Newesinghs and had taken pari in the mui-der at Mes- 
 
316 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 path Kil I so our savages, whom we had on board of our sloop and who had come with ns, told us. 
 His name is Suckkurus and he lives beyond the Newesinghs Kil on the land called Eomsingh. 
 We then left the English and went along on the west side of the strand up the Kil for about one 
 hour, where the land is very mountainous, bxit, as the savages said, on the other side of it the land 
 was level and good and miieh of it; there was much old corn land and some savage corn 
 plantations, which Jacques Corteljou has visited and inspected formerly. We then went across 
 the mountains again and came back on board at about 3 o'clock. We saw, that Stoffel Elswort 
 with his sloop and the Englishmen had gone into the Kil and we remained before it overnight. 
 11"'.] The wind being S. W. we resolved to return to the Ilanhatans^ which we did. 
 
 Agreement made by the Wewesikgh Indians to sell to the Dutch their 
 lands, not already sold. 
 
 We, the undersigned, tlioroughly conversant with and speaking tlie language of the savages, 
 cei'tify and declare, that there appeared before the Director-General and Council of New-Nether- 
 land, the Burgomasters of this City being present, the chiefs Matanoo, Barrenaeh, Mechat, 
 brother to and deputed by Pajpemoor, empowered by Pasachynom, MenarJwliondoo, Sycakeska 
 and the aforesaid Pojpemoor, all chiefs and owners of the lands in the NewesingJis^ which have 
 heretofore not been sold and conveyed to the Dutch according to the bill of sale and deed of con- 
 veyance made for it, called Arromsvnck, Potpooka, Narovoatkongh. They declared, that they 
 were herewith conveying all the aforesaid lands to the Director-General and Council of New- 
 Netherlaiid, under promise and condition not to sell or convey the same to anybody else, but their 
 Honors aforesaid. The price of the purchase and the mode of payment have been deferred, until 
 the aforesaid chiefs and some otlier owners of tlie said unpurchased and not conveyed lands shall 
 have appeared here before the Director -General and Council, to close the bargain completely and 
 then to receive the payment for it. Meanwhile the aforesaid chiefs declare the said lands con- 
 veyed to the Director-General and Council and to have received and accepted in confirmation 
 thereof each a red blanket, to wit 
 
 Mattano Passachynom Sycakeska 
 
 Barrenach Pojpemoor Pieivecherenoes 
 
 Mechat Menarhohonda alias Hans 
 
 and a coat of duffels was given to their great chief Passachynom and a piece to Barrenach under 
 the above conditions. 
 
 It was repeated, that they should not now nor never sell or dispose of the said lands to any- 
 body else. In testimony and confirmation thereof, the contracting parties have signed this with 
 us, the undersigned, after the above specified goods had been given to them in our presence, at 
 Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherland, the 12"" December A° 1663. 
 
 The mark ) made The mark ►Jy made 
 
 by ' 7 Mattano by Li 
 
 The mark \ made In our presence 
 
 Barrenach 
 
 by Y" Mechat Petrcs Stuyvesant 
 
 Director-General of New-Netherland. 
 
Nt'U) Yorh Ulatorical Records. 
 
 317 
 
 As -ritnesses and interpreters : 
 Maeten Kjiegier 
 goveet loockekmaijs 
 Ja. Coeteljou. 
 
 The mark j^p- of 
 
 PlETEE I L- EbEL. 
 
 The mark -\- of 
 
 PiEWEHEEExoES, alias Hans the 
 
 SAVAGE. 
 
 The mark 
 
 Inteeenemont. 
 
 X" 
 
 XicAsiLS DE SiLLE, Councillor and 
 
 Fiscal of N. N. 
 P. L. VAN DEE Geist Presiding 
 
 Burgomaster. 
 O. Steve.\s<jn van Coetlandt 
 Burgomaster. 
 
 In my presence : 
 
 C. Y. BcYVEx, Secretary. 
 
 LeTTEES from THE MAGISTRATES AT AViLTWYCK TO DiKECTOR StUYVICSANT ON 
 GENERAL MATTERS AND THE QUARREL Wmi THE ChcRCU. 
 
 Xoble, Very Worsliipful, Honorable, Wise, Prudent and Very Discreet Gentlemen. 
 
 "We trust your Hon''''' "Worships have received our last letter of the 3'' of December with the 
 journal of daily occurrences. AVe inform your Hon"" Worships herewith, that since the .j** of De- 
 cember we have not heard of any hostile rencontres, we remain in the meantime on our guard 
 and shall continue so. We send your Hon"'" Worships some old pieces of property in Reijntje 
 Pieteri yacht, namely six muskets with five locks and eleven cutlasses and sabres. We hope to 
 receive from your Hon'''^ Worships the necessary provisions for the military in the Company's 
 yacht before winter and the heavy frost ; most of the soldiers are ill provided with clothing for expe- 
 ditions and standing on guard and as to eatables for their subsistence, they cannot very well get 
 them here, because peas and other victuals cannot be obtained here in Wiltvnjck except with 
 great trouble and at excessive prices. With God's help, our own good information and other 
 reports, we shall do our best during the winter, to do as much harm to our enemies, as we can 
 and wherever it might be, with detachments of 15, 20, 25 or more men from the military or resi- 
 dent volunteers, whom we think fit thereto, unless your Hon"'"' Worships should give us other 
 orders. The book No. 4: kept in Wiltwych has been closed and only half of it has been copied, 
 it can therefore not be sent down unless during the winter by a mail from Fort Orange or next 
 spring. Closing with our salutations we commend your Hon"''' Worships to God's protection and 
 remain Your Honorable Worships' faithful and obedient servants 
 
 Wilt ivy cJc, 
 
 December 12^'' 1663. Thoiias Chakbees. 
 
 To the Noble, Honorable, 
 Yery Worshipful, Wise, 
 Prudent and Yery Discreet 
 Gentlemen, the Director- General 
 and Council of New-Netherland 
 
 at Fort Amsierdam 
 
 in New-Netherkmd. 
 
318 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Noble, Ilononible, Very AVorshipful, Wise, Prudoiit, Very Discreet Gentlemen. 
 
 Your Hon*''' Worships' letter was thankfully received by us on the 20"= of November last past 
 and we have accepted most of its contents with pleasure, but we are highly astonished, that your 
 jjonWe "Worships as our supreme authority liere in New-Netherland should have taken away the 
 small privileges of this village and destroyed the authority of the Commissaries, for we see by 
 your Hon''"' Worships' order, that the surplus resulting from estates left behind by this or that 
 person shall be placed into the hands of the overseers of the poor, that it may be better and more 
 safely taken care of by them. The Magistrates of this village are therefore much dissatisfied, 
 unless your Hon'''* Worships had appointed orphanmasters for this place or mistrusting us had 
 required security, as it is done in Court when guardians are appointed. If your Hon'''" Worships 
 should think fit to persist in this first order, then we request, that your Hon*''" Worships will 
 transfer not only part, but all the duties and rights of the Commissaries to Dom' Hermanus 
 Bloni and his Consistory Albert Ileymansen, for before or during our time no deacon has 
 been elected, who could either read or write, except the Domine alone, who sides with Alhert 
 Heymansen^ who has shown himself more than once as an instigator of quarrels. 
 
 Finally the Court of this village is amazed, that your Hon"'" Worships have given us no an- 
 swer to our request concerning the farming of the beer and wine, as we are dunned by several 
 parties on account of the arrearage on the Domine's house and have no revenues, while the ex- 
 penses of the village increase daily. Closing with salutations we commend yoar Hon'''" Worships 
 to God's protection and in the expectation of further orders we remain 
 Actum Wiltwyck, Your Honorable Worships' 
 
 the la"" Decbr 1663. obedient and faithful 
 
 RoELOFF SwARTWOtJT. 
 
 The mark -^ of Albeet 
 
 Gysbektsen. 
 TiEECK Classen de Wm 
 Thomas Chambees 
 Gysbekt van Imboegh. 
 
 To the Noble, Honorable, 
 
 Very Worshipful, Wise, Prudent, 
 
 Very Discreet Gentlemen, 
 
 the Director-General and 
 
 Council of New-Netlierland 
 at Fort Amsterdam. 
 
 PETrrioN OF the ScHom' and Magistrates of Bergen, that Engelbert Steen- 
 
 nUYSEN SHALL PEEFORM HIS CONTRACT AS SCHOOLMASTER. 
 
 To the Noble, Honorable, Very Worshipful Director-General and Council at Fort 
 Amsterdam in New-Netlierland. 
 
 Show humbly the Schout and Commissaries of the village of Bergen^ that, as your Honors 
 nndonbtedly know, before the going out of office and the election of new Commissaries, Michael 
 Jansen Sail has been before your Honors and requested, that we might have a precentor, who 
 could also keep school for the instruction and education of our young children and that your 
 
New York Historical liecordk 319 
 
 Honors proposing one Engelhert Steenhuysen as a suitable person the Sellout and Commissaries 
 repeated this proposition more than a year ago to the community, which resolved to emplo}' him 
 not only as precentor, but also, this was expressly stipulated, to keep seliool. The said Steenhuy- 
 sen accepted this and has now served for more than fifteen montlis, for which he was allowed a 
 salary of 250 guilders in wampum annually and some other emoluments, besides the school fees, 
 considered proper and fair. Now being the owner of a house and lot and of a double bouwery 
 in the jurisdiction of the village of Bergen the said EngeWert Steenhuy.wn has upon the com 
 plaint of the majority of the community been directed to maintain a soldier like the other in- 
 habitants; his has aggrieved the said ^rt^eZSer^ Steenhuysen. i^o innL\\, tliat he has resigned his 
 oiBce, asserting that a schoolmaster should be exempt from all village taxes and burden, as it is 
 customary, he says, everywhere in Christendom. The Schout and Commissaries interpret this to 
 be the case, when a precentor has only the school lot, but not when a sclioolmaster owns a lot 
 and a double bouwery ; the community is also opposed to his being exempted for his lot and lauds, 
 for he receives a salary as precentor and is bound to serve not only as precentor, but also to select 
 himself and provide a fit and convenient place to keep school in, which he has failed to do until 
 this day, pretending the community must designate and provide such a place fit for a schoolhouse. 
 The petitioners are of opinion, that Engelhert Steenhuysen cannot resign his office, without giv- 
 ing a notice of six months of his intention so to do and therefore the petitioners address them- 
 selves to your Honors with tlie humble request, to dii'ect the said Engelhert Steenhuysen that he 
 must continue his services during the second year now commenced, and to decide whether he is 
 not bound to maintain on behalf of his lot and land a soldier like the other inhabitants. Await- 
 ing your Honors' decision we remain 
 
 Your Honors' very obedient servants 
 Caspar Steismets, Tielman van Yleeck. 
 December IT'". 
 
 The Schout, Commissaries and Engelhert Steenhuysen, mentioned in the foregoing petition, 
 having been summoned before the Council and heard, the parties were made to agree after divers 
 debates and it was arranged, that Engelhert Steenhwysen should duly serve the rest of his term 
 according to contract, as mentioned above. 
 
 Letter from Director STirYVESANT to the Magistrates at Wiltwtck ; he 
 censures them for their insolent letter of the 12"' December; Schout 
 Swartwout suspended and the removal of the Magistrates threatened, 
 IF they continue contumacious. 
 
 To the Schout and Commissaries of the village of Wiltwych. 
 We shall not reply for the present to the insolent expressions in your last letter of the 12"' 
 inst., much less correct them on account of the unfavorable season and the approach of winter, 
 for without doubt this will be the last yacht going up or down before the frost sets in. But in 
 the meantime the Schout Roeloff Swartwout is hereby suspended from tiiis position and duties, 
 subject to the Fiscal's proceedings against him, and we appoint in his place until further orders 
 aivd provisionally, that the course of justice may in no way be delayed, Mathys Capita, who shall 
 at the same time act as before as clerk in all civil and military sessions. As to the present Com- 
 missaries, who, we trust, if not all, at least the majority of them, were either misled or not well 
 
320 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 informed, we do not intend to continue them any longer in oiRce, if they persist in their unbear- 
 able expressions and proceedings except on the condition intimated in their last insolent answer, 
 which we cannot as yet agree to. All and every one in particular, who should persevere in this 
 insolent obstinacy are hereby informed, that they in resigning their office (subject as before to 
 the action of the Fiscal) nmst leave and remove from the village and its jurisdiction within the 
 time of six months and the bearer hereof, our Captain Lieutenant Martin Cregier, is hereby au- 
 thorized to fill the places of the obstinate and evil minded officers by others, selected from the most 
 pious and honest inhabitants, so that the necessary administration of justice and all official pro- 
 ceedings may be attended to. We direct also hereby the j^rovisionally appointed Schout and the 
 Commissaries, who either are continued in or newly appointed to the office, to administer and 
 execute the laws and justice promptly without delay and regard to persons, as it behoves. That 
 this may be the better carried out, we have further resolved, that, if it should come to pass, that 
 oiu- aforesaid Captain Lieutenant is compelled to winter there, which is simply left to his judg- 
 ment to decide, he shall have the direction of all civil and military matters and m law proceed- 
 ings. Relying hereupon we close Muth our greetings and remain 
 
 Actum, Fort Amsterdam Your well-meaning friends 
 
 in New-Neiherland, The Director-General and Council 
 
 the 19"" December 1663. of New-Netherland. 
 
 Letter from the same to Ensign Niessen, censuring him for disobedience of 
 
 ORDERS. 
 
 Honorable, Valiant Sir. 
 
 We are very much surprised by your improper disobedience in not carrying out our so plainly 
 expressed orders and directions to sent back the saddles, the surplus hand and side arms, not in 
 use, the three bronce pieces and the old rope. Although we cannot, on account of the uufavor. 
 able season, correct at present your disobedience and disregard, as it ought to be done, yet we 
 warn you not to disobey henceforth any of our orders upon so unfounded presumptions and 
 made-up pretexts, but to execute and obey them, as it is proper, else we shall be obliged to pro- 
 ceed with cashiering or otherwise according to circumstances. Meanwhile we command you here- 
 with to send down the required things promptly, if the state of the weather permits, which is 
 left to the judgment of the bearer. Closing herewith etc* 
 Actum Fort Amsterdam, 
 19"' December K° 1663. 
 
 To Ensign Christian Niessen. 
 
 Conference with the chiefs of Kackingkesakt and Staten-Island respecting 
 A continuance of the armistice with the Esopus. 
 SS"- December A". 1663. 
 
 To-day appeared before their Honors, the Director-General and Council, at Fort Amsterdam 
 OratoMiy and Matteno, chiefs of IlackingJcesaky and Stateri- Island, who came in company of a 
 B, called Neshewetsim,, a brother, as they say, to the chief of the Wa.pjnngs. They report, 
 
New Yorh Historical JiecorJs. 321 
 
 tliat SewecTcenamo one of the cliiefs of the Emjnis had come to thciii at Ilacldngl-esnky, and that 
 the same was very anxious for peace, hut that he was ashamed to come hither, because he could 
 not bring with him the 5 Christians still in captivity, because the savages were out hunting here 
 and there. But he promised to do his best and get them as quick as possible, but whereas it could 
 not be done, before the savages had done their hunting, which will be some time yet, he requests 
 two months more of armistice. 
 
 The answer was substantially, that such subterfuges appeared very strange to us, after they 
 had promised, to bring us our prisoners w'ithout fail : they had disappointed us now so often, that 
 we could no longer rely upon their word and we must have our prisoners, before we can think of 
 l^eace. 
 
 This was told to Oratamy and 2Iattcno by the inteq^retcr and they made excuses, tluit it 
 was not their fault, but that the other savages had disappointed tiiem also, but what the other sav- 
 ages stated was in so far true, that they could not come together so quickly, because they were out 
 hunting. "We answered, If Seioeck<;namo desires peace and really means it, let he himself come 
 here ; should he be afraid, we will send one or two hostages in his place. They undertook to tell 
 him so. Done at Fort Amsterdam, adij \it supra. 
 
 Pkoposals of the ahovk chiefs fok ax akmistice with the Esoi'us fok two months 
 
 AND CONSLDEKATIONS, WHY IT IS GRANTED. 
 
 29"' December. 
 
 Oratamy and Matieno, the chiefs of TTaeldnfjl-exitelcy and State n- hi and, came into the Council 
 chamber, Pieter lVolj>Jiertsen and Trientje Evertsen being present as interpreters, and declare, as 
 they did yesterday, that the Eisopus chief Setoeckenamo is anxious for peace and asks for it through 
 them, but that he is frightened and ashamed to come himself, because he could not get together 
 tlie five Christian prisoners, for the Esojnis savages are obliged to make their living by the chase, 
 as tiiey have no corn and every one with his prisoner is scattered here and there, so that the chief 
 could not gather the prisoners. Meanwhile they ask once more for peace and. for two months' 
 time to bring together the prisoners ; they will then surely come and bring them and make peace 
 and summon all the chiefs of the savages to witness it. They promise, that during the time no 
 harm shall be done, but that everybody may freely go upon his land to work or on the chase or 
 wood chopping. Matteno then made a long speech saying, that if the Esoimts meant well and 
 had a good heart, they could have come here, even if they could not bring all the prisoners ; the 
 chief might have brought one or two, to show, that his heart was good ; he added, the Esojmn 
 savages had now disappointed them so often and not kept their promises, that he himself was 
 quite ashamed to speak any more for them, he did not wish to live any longer amidst such ani- 
 mosities, if no peace was made, he would remove to the South and live there. 
 
 After Matteno, the chief of the JVayacIc and Slaf.n-I.shmd savages had spoken, as above 
 stated he and Oratamy talked together and then Oratamy uuide through the interpreter the fol- 
 lowing propositions and said : 
 
 He knows, that the heart of Seioeckenamo is good and that al.«o the other savages have 
 
 agreed to make peace ; he only requests two months' time and an armistice to bring tiie prisoners 
 
 together and if the Esopus do not come then with the prisoners and conclude a firm peace and it 
 
 in the meantime any injury is done, then he i)romises to help us with all his people to defeat the 
 
 41 
 
322 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson liiver. 
 
 Esopus and take our prisoners by force, in confii-mation whereof he gave a string of wampum 
 and received from our side a gun, which lie promised to return, if his promise was not kept. It 
 was further agreed, that not only the Dutch, but also all their friends, especially the Marse- 
 ping and Rechowaclcy savages, must suffer no harm. 
 
 After the foregoing statements and promises had been heard the present very dangerous situ- 
 ation of the country was also taken into consideration and duly weighed in regard of the neigh- 
 boring and subordinate English, who do not only threaten to bring this province under EnglancFs 
 Majesty, but have already debauched for that purpose the majority of the English inhabitants in 
 the English villages on Long-Island and the whole English village of Westchester, by us called 
 Oostdurp and have made them revolt against the obedience and fidelity, which they owe to the Hon'''" 
 Company according to their oath and duty. Not satisfied herewith, some Englishmen, number- 
 ing about 20 men from several villages, have been to inspect the land of the Newesinghs, back 
 of lienselaers hoeck, on the west side of the North river and tried to buy the same from the 
 natives, which is all made evident by the minutes and letters already sent to the Lords-Directors, 
 but especially by the journal of Captain Lieutenant Cregier, who was expressly dispatched to 
 discover the plans of the English in the Newesinghs. And whereas we have been since informed 
 daily, that the English, not only of Long-Island, but also from other quarters, make all possible 
 preparations to take possession of the Newesinghs country, therefore the Director-General and 
 Council of New-Netherland have with the advice of the Burgomasters of this City found it 
 necessary for the public welfare, to accept the foregoing propositions and ^jromises and to consent 
 to a cessation of hostilities with the Esopus savages for the time of two consecutive months, that 
 meanwhile a part of our military force may be drawn from the Esopus and be used for occupy- 
 ing the territory of the Newesinghs, where it has been resolved, to erect for their greater safety 
 a blockhouse or stockade in the most convenient place and to put into it against the corning of 
 the English a garrison of 30 or 40 men, more or less, as the situation of the country shall per- 
 mit. This would be impossible, if the whole garrison were left at the Esopus and for this and 
 other reasons we are compelled (notwithstanding that for many reasons it may be thought neces- 
 sary to follow up during this winter our advantages over the Esopus savages), to agree, pursuant 
 to the above stated propositions, to an armistice and temporary peace and to recall Captain Lieu- 
 tenant Martin Cregier with 25 or 30 men from the Esopus, to employ, as above said, in the 
 Newesinghs. Actum Fort Amsterdam in New-Netlierland, the 29*'' of December A° 1663. 
 
 P. Stutvesant, 
 
 NiCASIOS DE SiLLE, 
 
 p. L. VAN DEE Grist, 
 
 O. Stevenson van Coetland. 
 
 Whereas an armistice has been made with the Esopus savages for the time of two months, be- 
 ginning to-day, therefore all inhabitants of New-Netherland, especially the officers and soldiers 
 at the Esopus and in the Redoubt are required and directed, to let pass and return unmolested the 
 bearers hereof, two savages, to wit Kastangh and Neshewetsim, with our letters. Actum Fort 
 A7nsterdam in N. Netherland, 29'" December 1663. 
 
New Yorh Ilidorical Ilecords. 323 
 
 Letter from Director Stuttesant to (Captain Ceegier) ; arihstice with the 
 Esopus. 
 Honorable, Valiant, Faithful Sir. 
 The chief of the Esojnis, Syckanarno, has come to Oratam and Mattano at Hachinokesaky 
 and complained bitterly, that since the Esopus savages are deprived of all means of subsistence 
 through the destruction of their corn, they liave scattered hunting for provisions and he has tliere- 
 fore not been able, to bring together the Christians still in their hands as captives, he is conse- 
 quently too frightened and ashamed, to come to us, but he is still inclined to make peace and still 
 asks for it and for time, till they had done hunting and catching deer and till he could gather his 
 people Avith the Christian prisoners. We have taken it into consideration for weighty reasons and 
 have at the request and upon the promise and assurance of Oratam and Mattano resolved, to 
 continue the period of the armistice for two months, that we may meanwhile obtain all the 
 prisoners and then conclude a final peace if possible. You are therefore hereby directed and 
 ordered, to communicate this to the inhabitants of the Esopus and especially to the military there 
 and to come down here by the Company's yacht as soon as you have put everything in good order, 
 leaving 30 or 40 soldiers there as garrison and bringing the rest with all the surplus arms, the 
 bronce cannons and other war-materials with yon. Direct and order the Ensign and the Council 
 of War, the Commissaries and all the inhabitants of the Esojnis not to commit acts of hostility 
 against the savages until our further orders, but to remain well on their guard against an attack, 
 not to allow a savage to come into the settlement under any pretext whatever, but to keep them 
 outside the gates and handle with them there, should they bring deer-meat or other things for 
 sale. You must put these two into one or the other house and not allow them to examine the 
 place ; also if possible dispatch them immediately with an answer, before you march out with t!ie 
 soldiers as ordered. Wherewith etc'*. 
 29'" December A° 16G3. 
 
 Postscript. 
 
 Should the yacht have left before receipt of this letter on account of the frost or drifting ice, 
 then we e.xpect you and the soldiers overland as soon as the weather admits. 
 
 The above was returned to us on account of the frost, for the yacht could not go to the 
 Esopus for the ice. 
 
 Journal of the Esopits War, by Captaijj Martin Cregier. 
 (Translated ami annotated by Dr. E. C. 0'Callaf,dian.) 
 
 On the 4"" July we entered the Esopus Kill in front of the Redovht with the two yachts, 
 and sent the Sergeant Pieter Mel with 40 men iip to the village Wildwyck to fetch wagons ; he 
 returned to the river side about 2 o'clock in the afternoon accompanied by Sergeant Cliristiaen 
 Nyssen, 60 men and 9 wagons ; they loaded these and departed witli them to the village where 
 1 arrived towards evening. Saw nothing in the world except three Indians on a high hill near 
 the Redoubt. 
 
 5"" ditto. Returned to the water side with (10 men; 10 horsenuiu, and 9 wagons to bring up 
 supplies, but saw scarcely anything on the way. 
 
 6*" ditto. Made another journey to the siiore with 10 wagons and brought up the remainder 
 of the supplies, but did not perceive anything. In the evening went for grass with 12 wiigons, 
 
324 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 30 soldiers and 10 horsemen ; then saw 10 or 12 Indians calling to each other but nothing further 
 transpired. 
 
 7"" ditto. "Went again twice for grass with 50 men and 12 horsemen but saw nothing. Two 
 Indians arrived at the fort about 2 o'clock in the afternoon with a deer and some fish. Said they 
 came from the i-iver side and that they had been at the Redoubt wliere they had traded some fish 
 for tobacco ; that they had left their canoe at the Redoubt, and that they are Waj)pi?iger Indians. 
 Meanwhile detained them and conveyed them to the guard house. 
 
 8''' ditto. Sunday. About noon came 5 Indians near our fort — they called out to lis to know 
 if we had any Indians in the fort ? To which we answered, yes : They asked, why we detained 
 them as they were Wappinger Indians ? To which we answered, they ought to keep at a distance 
 as we could not distinguish one tribe of Indians from another, and if we found that they had not 
 done any injury to the Butch, we should release them. We told them also, that they must keep 
 away from here, and go home, for if we should meet them in the woods we would kill them as 
 well as the other Indians — if they were desirous to come here to speak to us, they must stick up 
 a white flag. Wliereupon they answered, ' Tis well, adieu ; and thereupon went their way. Im- 
 mediately after tlieir departure, sent out 40 soldiers and 10 horsemen to look after the cattle, 
 whether they had not been near tliem, but on reaching these they did not remark any mischief — 
 ihey, therefore, returned with the cattle to the fort. After the afternoon sermon we examined 
 the oldest Indian as to whether he was not acquainted with some Esopus Indians and whether he 
 would not lead us to them — gave him fair words and promised him a present ; for the Dutch at 
 the Esopus had told us that some Indians dwelt about two miles from there, wherefore we were 
 resolved to go in search of them the same evening with 50 men. But tliis Indian said to us — 
 go not there, for the Indians have gone thence and dwell now back of Magdalen Island* on tlie 
 main land in the rear of a Cripple bush on the east side of Fort Orange river, and number 8 men, 
 9 women and 11 children ; and he even offered to guide us thither if we had a boat to put us 
 across the river. "Whereupon it was resolved by the Council of War to despatch two parties that 
 same evening to procure some craft to put us over the river. I, therefore, sent Sergeant (Jhristiaen 
 Nyssen and Jnn Peersen, each with 16 men, to look up a boat. The same old Indian betrayed 
 Iiis companion who had come with him on tlie preceding day into the fort — stating that he had 
 assisted the Esopus Indians against the Dutch, and for so doing had received in hand 5 fathom of 
 Sewan [wampum] ; that 9 Wappingers and 30 Manissings were with the Esopus Indians and 
 aided them — also that he said they were together about 200 Indians strong. 
 
 9"" ditto. Monday I marched very early, [with 40 soldiers] and 10 horsemen to the water 
 side to ride up and planks to construct a cabin to store the provisions and ammunition. 
 
 About o'clock the two detachments, I had sent out in the evening, to look for craft, came to 
 me at the Redoubt, but they saw neither Indians nor boat. They were marched all together to 
 fort Wildwj/ckimd arrived there about 12 o'clock. Then sent 30 men with 10 horsemen out scout- 
 ing, who returned about 4 o'clock ; had seen nothing. About 6 o'clock Pieter Woiphertsen\ 
 and Lieutenant Stilwil arrived here with their troops ; I then immediately called a Council of 
 War and it was resolved unanimously to set out in the evening with 20 soldiers and 12 Indians 
 under the command of Christiaen Niesen and Peiter JVolfertsen in order to visit the East shore 
 near Magdalen Island, to see if they could not sui-prize the Esopus Indians who were lying there ; 
 they took the old Indian along as a guide, who well knew where they lay. 
 
 ♦Magdalen Island is situate between the Upper and Lower Red Hook Landings. These Indians must there- 
 fore have been in the town of Redhook — Dutchess county. 
 t Van Couwenhoven. 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 325 
 
 10"" ditto. I have gone again to the river side with 40 soldiers and 10 horsemen to fetch 
 plank. In returning, the horsemen on the right flank rode too far from the foot soldiers iuid 
 alongside the mountain on which 12 to 15 Savages lay in ambush who simultaneously fired at the 
 horsemen, one of whom they shot through the boot, and grazed a horse. On hearing this, we 
 immediately reinforced the cavalry with 25 men, pursued the Indians through the mountain a good 
 ludf hour, but they would not once make a stand; we therefore returned to the wagons where 
 I had left 15 men and marched together to the village of Wildwi/ck. In the afternoon, the scout- 
 ing party went out again ; I sent therewith Lieutenant StilwiL with 15 men of his company and 
 Sergeant Pieter Ebel with 28 men and 20 Indians with 10 horsemen. They discovered nothing 
 except a path which the Indians found by which savages had recently j^assed to their fort ; they 
 followed this a long way, but saw nothing. Meanwhile, they returned all together. 
 
 11"' ditto. Again sent out a party to the mountain near the water side, but they saw nothing, 
 they returned in the evening. 
 
 12"' ditto. Pieter Wolfertsen and Sergeant JViessen returned with tlieir troojis, liringing with 
 them one S<|uaw and three children whom they had captured ; they killed live armed Indians 
 and a woman ; the Esojms Captain ( Veldoverste) was among the slain ; they cut off his hand 
 which they brought hither. Had not the Indian led them astray aiul missed the houses, they 
 would have surprized all the Indians who were there to the number of 28, with women and 
 children. For through the mistake of the Indian, our people first came about midday where 
 they found the Indians posted and in arms. They immediately fell on the latter and routed and 
 ]nu-sued them. In the chase one of our soldiers was slain. Meanwhile the huts were plundered 
 wherein they found 19 blankets, 9 kettles, a lot of Sewan, and ■! muskets belonging to the Indian, 
 who were killed. They returned on board with the plunder and four prisoners, and arrived safe 
 except one of our soldiers who was bit in the leg by a rattlesnake. About 5 o'clock in the after- 
 noon, I went with 60 men to the river side, to bring uj) the booty and prisoners; returned to the 
 fort in the evening; encountered no harm. 
 
 13"' ditto. Examined the squaw prisoner and enquired if she were not acquainted with some 
 Esopus Indians who abode about here? She answered that some Cattsh ill ludiims, Vdj on the 
 other side near the Sogers Kill, but they would not fight against the Dutch ; says also that an 
 Indian on the preceding evening before our people attacked them, had brought news from the fort 
 of the Esopus Indians that many Dutch, English and Indians had gone from the Manhatans to 
 the Esopus and that they should be on their guard, for the Hackinsack Indians had brought the 
 news to the fort of the Esop^is Indians. Then Long Jacob, the chief who lived there with the 
 Indians, demanded. What should they do? Should they fly toward their fort or not ? They then 
 concluded to remain there, for the chief said, "Were the Dutch to come to the fort and we also 
 were in it, we should be all slaughtered ; ' tis best for us to remain hei-e on the opposite shore ; the 
 Dutch would not learn much of us ; states also further, that the Indian had said that 40 Munis- 
 sing Indians had arrived at their fort, and that 40 more were to come on the next day ; further 
 says, that each night they conveyed the prisoners always to a particular place without the fort and 
 remained themselves therein ; says also that they were resolved to make a stand in their fort, and 
 tliat they had, moreover, in their fort 9 horses with which they draw palisades, and had sold a 
 liorse to the Ilannissing Indians; that the Indians had also three houses in which they reside, 
 these were 4 hours farther off; says also, that one sachem in the fort would advise them to negotiate 
 l)eace, but the other sachems would not listen to it; says also, that the fort is defended by three 
 rows of palisades, and the houses in the fort encircled by thick cleft palisades with port holes in 
 them, and covered with bark of trees ; says that the fort is quadrangidar but that the angles are 
 
326 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 constructed between the first and second rows of palisades and that the third row of palisades 
 stands full eight feet off from the others towards the interior, between the two first rows of pali- 
 sades and the houses, and that the fort stands on the brow of a hill and all around is table land. 
 
 Sent also for Mr. OysberCs wife * and asked her if it were so ? She answered, it was true, 
 and said they had built a point near unto the water to secure it. Then again examined the 
 Wappingor prisoner and asked, why he had aided the Esopus Indians? Said it was not true and 
 that his mate, the old Indian, had belied him. Asked him if he would guide us to the fort of 
 the Esopus Indians ? Answered, Yes ; and says the Esopus Indians are about 80 warriors strong, 
 but does not know how many have come there belonging to other tribes. Says also that the fort 
 is defended with triple rows of palisades, as the squaw had stated. Whereupon the council of 
 war decided, firstly to await news either from above or below as to what the Mohmohs had resolved 
 respecting the prisoners — whether they could have them restored before our troops should proceed 
 against the fort to achieve the self same thing. On the same day two detachments went out ; one 
 to scout, the other on an expedition, but they returned in the evening, having seen scarcely 
 any thing. 
 
 li"' ditto. Fifty men were out again in the woods behind the new burnt village and a 
 scouting party, but hardly any thing occurred, nor was any thing seen. 
 
 IS"" ditto. The Ilecr de Decker arrived here with Jan Davets and 5 Mohawks ; had them 
 conducted from the river side by 50 men and 10 horsemen. Nothing else transpired. 
 
 le"" ditto. The Heer de Decker assembled the Council of War and it was resolved that Jan 
 Davets accompany the 5 Mohawks to the fort of the Esopus Indians to see on what terms the 
 Christian prisoners will be restored, but after divers discourses Jan Davets declined going with 
 them, although the Deer de Decker had, the day before, drawn up and prepared an instruction for 
 him, but before the time appointed he refused to go. Meanwhile it is resolved that the Mohawks 
 should go thither, and they requested of ns that they might take with them some of our prisoners 
 to present them to the Esopzis Indians as a suitable introduction to obtain some of their prisoners 
 in return, or to induce them to surrender them. The council concluded that a captive girl should 
 be given to the Mohawks and about 63 guilders in sewan in order to ascertain what they could 
 accomplish thereby ; for it was reported at Eort Orange, as the Ileer de Decker informed us, that 
 the Esopus Indians had said — If the}' could obtain payment for the land, named the Great Plot 
 {het groote Stuck), then they should give up all the prisoners. Now, it is impossible to determine 
 whether this be so or not. Meanwhile, the Mohawks who were going thither were directed to 
 inquire about it, and they promised us to bring us an answer the next day about noon. Had 3 
 parties out in the interim ; one to the shore to bring cattle, another for wood and a third, scouting. 
 They returned all at the same time ; experienced no difficulty. 
 
 17"' ditto. Three parties were out in ambush, but saw nothing. 
 
 IS"' ditto. Six sloops arrived here from the Manhatans in which Juriaen Blanck brought 
 up provisions for our troops ; had them conveyed up under a guard ; a party was also in the field 
 to protect those reaping the barley and a party lay in ambush. They returned towards evening ; 
 saw nothing. 
 
 19"" ditto. Sent out 40 soldiers and 10 Indians scouting, they did not meet any one. In the 
 evening about 7 o'clock, the three Mohaioks returned from the Esopus Indians. They had 
 brought three Indians and two Dutch women and two children whom they left about two hours 
 from Wildwyck ; said, they had been freely given, and had they not been so tired, they should 
 
 * She liad been taken prisoner as before stated by tlie Indians on the burning of the village of WihJwych but 
 had effected her escape. — O'C. 
 
Nexo Yoi'h Historical JtecorJu. 3l'7 
 
 have brought them with them to the fort ; said the Esopus Indians had abandoned the fort, and 
 had retired to the mountains where they were mostly dispersed hero and there hunting. 
 
 20" ditto. Sent Jan Bavets with 2 Ilohawks to the 3 Esopus Indians who were in the 
 woods with the above-named prisoners, to see if he coidd get, and bring with him the foui- 
 prisoners from here, and have a talk with the Indians relative to the other prisoners ; whether 
 they will not restore these to us ; returned about noon with a woman whom one of the Mohawks 
 had fetched ; but he, himself, had not been with the Indians as one of the Mohawks had been 
 taken sick and he was obliged to remain with him. In the afternoon one of the Mohawks 
 returned thither, he took with him half a loaf for the prisoners who remained with die above- 
 mentioned Esopus Indians. Being come there, he asked the Esopus Indians whether tliey would 
 not entrust the 3 prisoners to him to convey them to the DtUeh ; whereupon they allowed him to 
 take the 3 prisoners, with whom he arrived at the fort about 11 o'clock at night, but under promise 
 as they informed us, that they should have in return their three prisoners whom we hold. The 
 prisoners told us that the Esopus Indians had fled to a high mountain through fear of the Dutch, 
 and that they lay here and there in small bands, and that the prisoners were also distributed and 
 dispersed among them here and there, and were not together and that they would not trust them 
 in their fort, and that the Indians daily threatened them — Should the Dutch come thither, we 
 will give you a knock and kill you all at once. Were thus a long time in terror. Meanwhile we 
 had some scouting parties out, who returned having seen nothing — had also a party to cut barley ; 
 came back safe. 
 
 21'"' ditto. Three Sloops have come from the Manhatans, with which a supply of provisions 
 for this garrison has arrived at Rut Jacohsen\s Yacht. Sent three convoys to the water side and 
 parties to cut corn ; but they saw nothing. Sent for the 5 Mohawks and Jan Davets acting as 
 Interpreter, informed them what insults the Dutch of Esopus had from year to year experienced 
 and suffered from the Indians, and that they now even this last time, had murdered and carried 
 ofiE our people, when we had given them no provocation. Whereupon they answered. Come, 
 give us a piece of duffels ; we shall afterwards go with it and see whether we shall not be able to 
 recover all the prisonei's. It was accordingly resolved by the Heer de Decker and Council of 
 War, that a piece of dufEels should be brought up from the river side and given them ; which 
 being done, they took tke piece of duffels, cut it into three parts, and thus departed with it about 
 11 o'clock in the forenoon ; with them went Jan Damts with the S(|uaw and 2 children who had 
 been captured by us and were released in exchange for the 2 Dutch women and 2 children whom 
 the Indians had brought back. 
 
 22* ditto. A scouting party went out but saw nothing. 
 
 23'^ ditto. A Party went to the river side to bring up supplies, and three, to cut and draw 
 grain. They experienced no interruption. 
 
 24"' ditto. Sent for all the wagons to make a journey to the river side to bring up the pro- 
 visions which had been sent hither by the E.Kecutive government ; but only 4 wagons came. As 
 I i-equired ten, I excused these; Some refused to work for the Company ; some gave for answer, 
 if another will cart I also shall cart ; some said, my horses are poor, I cannot cart ; others said, 
 my horses have sore backs, and other such frivolous answers that 1 was thus unable, this time, to 
 bring up the Company's stores. Wliereupon it was resolved by the Council of War, that the 
 farmers should not be furnished with any men for their protection in the fields, unless they would 
 assist in bringing up the Company's Supplies from the water side. Nay, further — owe. Tjerck 
 Claesen de Wit, himself a magistrate, would turn Lieut. Stilwil's soldiers out of a small house 
 they occupied — he said, he had hired it, though he IkkI, notwithstanding, neither possession of 
 
328 Colonial Settlements vn the Hadson Miver. 
 
 nor procuration for it, I gave him for answer, that I should remove them on condition that he, as 
 a magistrate, would have them billetted in other houses as the men could not lie imder the blue 
 sky, and as they had been sent here by the Chief government for the defence of the Settlers 
 But he made no answer to this ; and so there are other ringleaders and refractory people in this 
 place. Meanwhile the convoy which was ready to conduct the provisions, was dismist each to its 
 own post until further orders. At noon I went with a troop of Dutch and Indians to the New 
 Village where the Ileer de Decker himself was ; met with no interruption. A party was also 
 out with the reapers. In the evening Jan Damets and the 5 Mohawks returned from the Esopus 
 Indians —they brought with them a female prisoner ; they would not at present release any more 
 prisoners, evinced great fierceness and repeatedly threatened to kill them, both the Mohawks and 
 Jan Davets — told them they should not release any more prisoners unless they should secure 
 peace thereby, and that Corlaer and Rentslaer should come to their fort, and bring goods with 
 them to conclude peace and to redeem the prisoners ; said that they must be within ten days in 
 their fort to conclude peace ; said, that they demanded a truce during that time. Jan Davets also 
 informed us, that he had seen but 4 prisoners in the fort, and that the others were scattered far 
 and wide ; says, there are about 30 wai-riors in the fort, and that the others dwelt without here 
 and there; they also said they were determined to make a stand in the fort, whereupon we have 
 resolved to go in search of them on the first opportunity. 
 
 25"' ditto. The Heer de Decker left to-day for the Manhatans in the company's yacht, 
 taking with him two of the wounded, and Jan du Parck, Surgeon and two soldiers to take care 
 of the sick ; two sick Indians left also ; sent along with them a convoy and 9 wagons to bring up 
 the remainder of the goods. They returned and saw nothing. Also sent out two detachments 
 with the reapers; they did not remark any thing. Convened the Council of War audit was 
 unanimously resolved to send out an exposition against the Esoj>us Indians, which should start the 
 next day, if the weather were favorable. 
 
 26"" ditto. The followmg troops set out against the Esopus Indians, having as a Guide a 
 woman who had been prisoner among them, to wit — of Captain Lieutenant Cregier's Company, 
 91 men ; of Lieutenant Stitvjirs, 30 men ; Lieutenant Couwenlioven with 41 Indians ;* volunteers 
 from the Manhatans, 6 ; volunteers from the Esopus^ 35 men, of whom 11 were horsemen, and 7 
 of the Hon''"' Company's negroes with two pieces of cannon and two wagons, the whole party 
 provided each with one pound of powder and a pound of ball, 2'*" of hard bread and \ a soft loaf, 
 with 2"" of pork and \ a Dutch cheese ; left in garrison at Wildwyck 36 soldiers and 25 freemen. 
 Marched out about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, and came in the evening about two great miles from 
 Wildwyck, where he remained until the moon rose. We then started anew, but could not march 
 more than a long half hour on account of the cannons and wagons, which we could not get through 
 the woods at night. We then bivouacked until day break. 
 
 27"" ditto. "We got on the right road when day dawned and continued our march. On the 
 way we passed over much stoney land and hills, and had to tarry at the swampy, long, broken and 
 even frequent kills where we halted and must cut trees to make bridges to pass over, and divers 
 mountains were so steep that we were obliged to haul the wagons and cannon up and down with 
 ropes. Thus our progress was slow. "When about two miles from the Indian fort, sent forward 
 Captain Lieutenant Couwenhoven, Lieutenant Stilwil and Ensign Christaen Niessen, with 116 
 men to surprise it. I followed, meanwhile, with the remainder of the force, the guns and wagons, 
 but on coming within a short mile of the fort, found the way so impassable that I was under the 
 necessity of leaving the camion, as I could not get it farther. I left 40 men there and gave them 
 * These Indians were of Long Island. 
 
JS^ew York Historical Mecords. 329 
 
 orders to fortify themselves and set palisades around, wliieli thej did, and I followed the precedinj^ 
 troop with the remainder towards the Indian fort. On arriving there, found our people in pos- 
 session of it, as it had been abandoned by the Indians two days before. Our Indians had caiigljt 
 a Squaw in the corn-field, whither she was coming to cut maize. Xow the evening fallino-, for it 
 was about G o'clock when we came to the fort, we jiassed the night there, having found 3 hor.scs 
 at their fort. 
 
 28'" ditto. The Council of War assembled at the breaking of the day and unanimously 
 resolved to go in search of the Indians to the mountain where the above mentioned female had 
 been a prisoner and to take the captured Squaw along. Whereupon Lieutenant Couwenhovcn 
 and Lieutenant Stilwil and Ensign Niessen were detached with 140 men, and remained in the 
 fort with about 29 men. The above named troops then set forth towards the mountain and 
 arrived where the Indians had been ; they had left that place also. The captured Squaw being 
 asked if she did not know where the Indians liad fled to, said they were on a great, high moun- 
 tain, which she pointed out to them, distant about 2 miles, whither they had fled with the seven 
 prisoners they had with them ; whereupon the officers resolved to go to tlie other mountain in 
 search of them, which they afterwards did with their troops, after experiencing vast difficulty, 
 but found no Indians there. The Squaw being again questioned whether she did not know 
 where they were ? said they had moved to another mountain, which she pointed out, about 4 
 miles from there, but there was no path thither. Being on the brow of the hill our people saw 
 9 Indians coming towai-ds them, whereupon they fell flat, intending thus to surprise the Indians 
 on their approach, but they did not succeed, our people being noticed at a distance of about 2 musket 
 shots. Eight of them ran off in an oblique direction, and the ninth attempted to run back to the 
 ])lace whence they had come. As our force was discovered on all sides, and even our Indians 
 said that no savages could be caught at this time as they were every where fully informed of us, 
 it was resolved to return to the fort, where they arrived about one o'clock. After they had taken 
 some rest, I convened the Council of War to determine what was now best to be done. They 
 unanimously resolved to cut down their com and burn it, together with last year's maize, which 
 they still had in pits in great abundance in their corn-fields and aroiiud their fort. Wliereupon 
 I went out of their fort with 50 men to a distance of a full half mile ; there cut down several 
 plantations of maize, threw into the fire divers pits full of maize and beans, returned to the 
 fort at sim-down and saw that divers Indians and horsemen found some pits with plunder in the 
 vicinity of the fort, which they brought in. Meanwhile I had the whole party called together, 
 and told them that all the plunder that was or should be found was to be in common, and was 
 so understood by the Council of War before we started from our fort. Whereupon one of the 
 horsemen stepped out of the troop and said to me, What we've found we'll keep and divide 
 among us horsemen. To which I said, that they should not do that, for they were imder com- 
 mand. Whereupon the horseman, named Jan Ilendricksen, sxiSVieYQA — They are under the 
 command of no man but Long Peter, whom they, forsooth ! called their Cornet, and uttered 
 divers unmannerly words in presence of all the officers. Upon which I gave him 2 or 3 slaps of 
 a sword, and he seemed as if he would put himself in a posture against me. But I being close up 
 to his body he could not act as he wished, and I said to him that I should bring him to an account. 
 This said Jan Eendricksen, with one Allert Ileijmans Boose, acted insolently on the T"" July. 
 Whilst we were examining the two Wapp'inger Indians, in the presence of the Scout and Com- 
 missaries, in Thomas Chambers^ room a messenger came in and said that two or three Boors 
 were without the door with loaded guns to shoot the Indians when they came forth. Whereupon 
 42 
 
330 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 I stood up and went to the door — found this Albert Heymans Moose and Jan Uendricksen at 
 the door with their guus. Asked them what they were doing there with their guns ? They 
 gave me for answer, We will shoot the Indians. I said to them, you must not do tliat. To 
 which they replied, We will do it though you stand by. I told the'm in return, to go home and 
 keep quiet or I should send such disturbers to the Manhatans. They then retorted, I might do 
 what I pleased, they would shoot the savages to the ground, even though they should hang for it ; 
 and so I left them. This AU^ert coming into the Council told the Commissaries that one of them 
 should step out. What his intention with him was I can't say. This by way of memorandum. 
 Meanwhile arrested Jan Rendricksen. 
 
 29"" ditto. Four parties went out again to cut down the corn and to bum the old maize. 
 About o'clock in the afternoon, some Indians made their appearance on a high hill near the 
 fort and called out to us, that they would come and fight us on the morrow whereupon we brought 
 the captive Squaw out of the fort to speak to them, and they called out to her that they should 
 now come and fight the Dutch, for the Dutch had now come and taken their fort, cut their corn 
 and burnt all their old maize and that they should die of hunger. I said to them, the Dutch had 
 gone in search of you to the mountain but ye always ran away and dare not make a stand. Eut 
 the Indians would not give any answer, and so went away. 
 
 30"' ditto. We, in two large parties, each of 80 men, cut down all the com and burnt the 
 old maize which remained in the pits. Returned to the fort, all together, in the evening, and 
 made preparations to set out in the morning. Meanwhile the Indians who the day before had 
 called out that they would come and fight us, did not make their appearance. We cut down 
 nearly one hundred morgens * of maize and burnt above a hundred pits full of corn and beans. 
 
 31^' ditto. In the morning at the dawn of day set fire to the fort and all the houses, and 
 while they were in full blaze marched out in good oi'dcr, C.ipt. Lieutenant Couwenhoven forming 
 the van guard. Lieutenant StilwiPs company, the centre, and I with my company the rear guard. 
 So arrived in safety at our fort about 9'clock in the evening with our cannon and wagons. Re- 
 marked scarcely anything on the way. The road or course from WUdwyclc to the fort of the 
 Esopus Indians lies mostly sout west, about 10 \PutcK\ miles from our fort. 
 
 1" August. In the morning heard two shots from the liedoubt on the river side. Sent off 
 Ensign Christiaen JViessen with 50 men. He found there the Ilon"'" Company's yacht in which 
 the Meer Secretary van Ruyven had come. Had him escorted to the \nllage of WildwycJc, and 
 did nothing more as it was a day of fasting and prayer. 
 
 S"" ditto. Nothing occurred as it rained during the whole day and night. 
 
 3* ditto. The Heer Secretary departed on his return to the Manhatans, accompanied by Lieu- 
 tenant Couwenhoven and the Indians being 41 in the whole, who would not remain any longer ; 
 also 5 of the lion"'" Company's Negroes. Through great intercession and ])roraise of better be- 
 havior in future, the Council of war pardoned Jan Ilendriolisen the faults committed by liim 
 and he is released from confinement. Meanwhile I had two parties in the field with the reapers 
 and one in Ambush. They saw nothing and returned in the evening. I this day sold, by public 
 beat of drum, the three horses which we had brought with us from the Indians' fort. 
 
 4"" ditto. A Mohegan Indian came from Fort Orange ; he had a pass from Monsieur Mon- 
 tagnie ; brought two letters, one to Mr. Gyshert and one to Hendrick Jochems ; there wiis hardly 
 any news in them except that they were longing to receive some intelligence relative to the con- 
 dition of the Esoj)us. Convened the Council of war and invited thereto the Commissaries of the 
 
 * About 315 acres — O'C. 
 
New Yorh Hidorical Mecorch. ^?,\ 
 
 village Wildwych, and made this ordinance and read it to tlio people, both freemen and military, 
 and had a copy affixed to each beat or post. It is, word for word, as follows : — 
 
 " Okdinance made and enacted by the Captain Lieutenant and the valiant 
 Council of wak at present coji.M^iJNDiNG the teoops and Military in the 
 Esopus ok Wildwyck. 
 
 " Whereas we learn by daily experience that many, as well military as freeman, are removing 
 from the village Wildwyck, without the consent of the Capt. Lieutenant and Commissaries of 
 this village, therefore it is necessary that timely provision be made therefor, so that none may at 
 any time fall into the hands of the barborous Indians, our enemies ; and that families everj' day 
 unnecessarily waste and fire off powder and ball. Therefore the Captain Lieutenant and valiant 
 Council of "War, wishing to provide for and prevent all inconveniences and mischiefs which may 
 arise therefrom, have ordered and directed, as they do hereby order and direct. 
 
 1. 
 
 " Firstly, that no one, whether military or freeman shall, without the consent of the Captain 
 Lieutenant, Council of War and Commissaries of this place, depart from this village of Wiklwyel; 
 either in large or small bodies, whether to cut grain or for any other business whatsoever it may 
 be, lest an}^ of them may chance to fall into the hands of the barbarous Indians, our enemies ; 
 and if any one remove beyond this village of Wildwych without consent or proper convoy, 
 whatever the business or occasion may be, he shall pay a fine of five and twenty guilders for the 
 first offence ; for the second fifty guilders and for the third offence an arbitrary punishment ; 
 and should any one, in violating and disobeying this order, happen to be captured by the 
 Indians, our enemies, no expence or trouble shall be incurred for him, inasmuch as he, by his 
 ])erverse and stiffnecked course, contrary to this ordinance, will have brought down this mis- 
 fortune on himself. 
 
 2. 
 
 "If any one unnecessarily and preversely waste or fire off his powder and ball, be it on the 
 de])arture or arrival of convoys or otherwise, he shall, for the first offence, pay a fine of three 
 guilders for each shot; for the second offence six guilders and for the third offence suffer arbitrary 
 punishment, unless when desirous to discharge his gun, being out of order or wet, he shall ask 
 permission therefor from his superior or inferior oflScer. And for the better observance and 
 obedience of this ordinance, the Captain Lieutenant and Council of War hereby particularly and 
 imperatively command all superior officers, Serjeants, and corporals to pay strict attention that this 
 ordinance be observed and respected. Thus done in the village of Wildioyck by the Captain 
 Lieutenant, Council of War and the proper Commissaries of said village, on the i"' of August 
 1663." 
 
 Same date a letter is also sent by tlie Moheijan Indians to C/irlstqfel Davids at Fort Oramje 
 requesting him to be pleased to come down to the Ew].>us on important business which we should 
 then explain and communicate to him. 
 
 5"" ditto. Thomas the Irishman ^xv\\-&i\\\cxQ ^^ii\\Q liedoidd from the Manhatans. Mean- 
 while nothing was done as it was Sunday, and no detachments were sent out. 
 
 6"' ditto. Sent out a party of 32 men to lie in ambush, and two detachments with the reapers 
 They returned in the evening ; perceived nothing. 
 
 7'" ditto. Three detachments were sent out with the reapers ; returned in the evening with- 
 out having seen anything. . 
 
332 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River 
 
 8"" ditto. Sent out Ensiga Niessen with a detanhracnt to lie in ambush behind the new vil- 
 lage which was burnt, and observe the Indians. Also two parties with the reapers. They came 
 back in the evening without having noticed anything. 
 
 O"" ditto. Three detachments were again sent out ; two in the field with the reapers and one 
 in ambush. They returned towards evening having perceived nothing. 
 
 lO"" ditto. Sent out two detachments ; one in the iield with the reapers, the other in ambush 
 behind the recently burnt village, under the command of Ensign Niessen. They came in towards 
 evening without having observed anything. Some yachts also touched at the Eedoubt bringing 
 letters from the Manhatans which they left at the BedouU and then sailed upwards for Fort 
 Orange. 
 
 11"" ditto. Eeceived this morning the letters which the yachts left at the RedouU ; had two 
 parties in the field with the reapers ; they returned in the evening without having seen anything. 
 
 12"" ditto. Sunday. Nothing occurred except sending two convoys to the Redouht to relieve 
 the men who lay there and to bring up some stores with Mr. Gysberfs wife coming from Fort 
 Orange who brings news that the Northern Indians had killed some Mohawhs and a Mohegan, 
 whereupon the Mohegans have obtained the consent of the Mohawks to build a fort. Nothing 
 else occurred here. 
 
 IS"" ditto. Sent out two detachments with the reapers and one to lie in ambush. They 
 returned in the evening ; saw nothing. On the same day is made and enacted by the Captain 
 Lieutenant and the valiant Council of War the following Ordinance for the maintenance as far as 
 possible of better order, and the observance and enforcement of discipline among the Military, 
 and read the same before the Military and freemen and affixed it at each post. It is word for 
 word as follows : — 
 
 "Okdinance made and enacted by the Captain Lieutenant and the valiant 
 Council of "War commanding the Military in the Esopus and Village of 
 
 WiLDWYCK. 
 
 " Whereas some in this village of WUdivycJc who follow the trade of selling strong drink to 
 the military suffer some of them to get drunk not only on week days but especially on the Lord's 
 Rest and Sabbath day, unfitting them for their proper duties, and more especially creating confu- 
 sion and disorderly conduct ; the Hon*''' Company's servants not hesitating to sell, pawn and plege 
 their own necessaries for strong drink to the traders in intoxicating liquors ; the traders also 
 receiving the same ; yea, even not hesitating to give them more credit and trust whether they 
 have any thing to the good or not. Therefore the Capt. Lieutenant and valiant Council of War 
 desirous to prevent as much as possible all disorders and mischiefs, have therefore ordained and 
 directed as they hereby direct and ordain : — 
 
 1. 
 " That none of the military, be his rank whatever it may be, presume to sell or to pawn for 
 any strong drink any of the stores advanced to him by the Hon"'" Company on his monthly wages, 
 for his needs and support, under a fine of one month's wages. 
 
 2. 
 " No one, whether military or freeman, following the business of selling strong drink, shall 
 presume to take in pledge or endeavor to embezzle any property belonging to the military in 
 exchange for strong drink, under the forfeiture of the tapped drink and to return to the owner 
 
New York Historical liecords. 3;-i8 
 
 free of cost and charges the received property and pay in addition a fine of twelve guilders as 
 often as he is discovered so doing. 
 
 3. 
 " All those who follow the trade of selling strong drink are further warned not to sell nor 
 furnish any strong drink on the Lord's Ecst and Sabbath day much less entertain any clubs, 
 whether before or after the sermon on pain of forfeiting the strong drink tapped on that occasion, 
 and in addition a fine of five and twenty guilders as often as they shidl be caught in the act. 
 
 4. 
 " Those who sell strong drink are also further warned they take heed not to sell any to the 
 military either on credit or on account, be it in what manner it may be, on pain of not being paid 
 therefor, unless on order of his superior officer. Tncs done by the Capt. Lieutenant and valiant 
 Council of War in the village WildioycJc, this 13"" August 1663." 
 
 li"' ditto. Sent out fifty reapers to the burnt village, called the Great Plot, and sent with 
 them about thirty wagons and Ensign JVeissen with a convoy of eighty men ; gave him orders to 
 remain there all night with the reapers and binders, and the major part of the wagons and forty 
 men per convoy. The remaining forty men returned to ^VildioycJc, and said ensign with about 
 one hundred and twenty men, as well reapers and binders as convoys, passed the night at the 
 Great Plot because it was so distant, and they could not make up more than one sheaf for they 
 could not begin the work as fresh as they wished. Brought the grain to Wildioyck as soon as it 
 was cut down. Kept six parties by the way in ambush to protect the said wagons. However 
 nothing occurred on this day. 
 
 15"" ditto. Brought more grain from the burnt village wherefore I kept two parties in 
 ambush and one with the reapers and two on the road for the protection of the wagons which 
 went through and fro. Returned in the evening altogether; observed nothing. 
 
 IG"" ditto. Two parties are again sent out to the field with the reapers ; came back in the 
 evening without having seen anything. 
 
 17"". Two parties were again sent into the field with the reapers. Returned in the 
 evening without seeing anything. The Ileer Decker arrived here at the Redoiibt from Fort 
 Orange; had him escorted to the village Wildwyck, but he did not tarry here long as his Honor 
 was in a hurry to depart again. Had the said Ileer de Decker escorted back to the river side and 
 then he returned to the Manhatans. Nothing occurred this day. Ga\'e three Englishmen leave 
 to go to and return from the Manhatans. They belong to Lieutenant StilwlPs Company. 
 
 IS"" ditto. Had three detachments again in the field with the reapers, they returned iu the 
 evening; saw nothing. The Council of War resolved and concluded to send a party three miles 
 from Wildioyck to some plantations of Esopus Indians planted with maize ; whereupon Ensign 
 Niessen was sent thither with fifty-five men. They went forth from Wildwyck about ten o'clock 
 at night, and had a Dutchman named Jacob Jansen Stoutenhorgh for a guide. 
 
 19"" ditto. Was this morning with fifty men and sixteen wagons to the burnt village to fetch 
 grain ; came back to Wildwyck about eight o'clock. Did not see anything. About noon Ensign 
 Niessen returned with his troop from the Indian maize land. Neither saw nor noticed any 
 Indians. About three o'clock in the afternoon Ohristqffel Davids came from the Manhatans in 
 a canoe. Brought with him a letter from the Ileer General, dated 14"' August, brought also a 
 letter from Pieter Couwenhoven who lay with the sloop in the Danskamer* The letter was 
 
 * Six miles north of Ncwburgh, Orange co. — O'C. 
 
334 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 dated IT"" August, and addressed to me. Its contents were, That I should be on my guard for 
 lie was advised that the Empus Indians together with the Manissings and Wappingers were pre- 
 pared to attack and surprize our fort in about two days with four hundred men, and that they also 
 daily threatened liim in an insufferable manner ; he daily expected the arrival of the sachem who 
 had already been four days gone about the captured Christians to learn what he should then do 
 and what should be the issue of it. But he had not received any intelligence in all that time. 
 He also writes — That the Indians who lay thereabout on the river side made a great uproar every 
 night, firing guns and hintekaying * so that the woods rang again ; and he hoped to be with me 
 in two days. — His letter contains divers other circumstances. Christoffel Davids informs ns, that 
 he slept one night with the Indians in their wigwams — that some Esopus Indians and sachems 
 were there who had four Christian captives with them, one of whom, a female captive, had 
 secretly told him, Davids, that forty Esopus Indians had already been near our fort to observe 
 the reapers and the other people. Whereupon the Council of War resolved to send for the 
 sheriff, who being come, an order was handed him directing him to warn all the inhabitants not 
 to go from the fort into the fields without a suitable escort, as directed in the preceding Ordinance 
 of the i"" August. Said Christoffel Davids also informed us, — that the Indians had on shore 
 several bowls and gourds with brandy, which they obtained daily from the sloops, as the Indians 
 had informed him they could get as much as they required and whatever powder and lead they 
 wanted. Now, we cannot determine what this may amount to, but this I understand that the 
 woman who is on board the sloop with Lieutenant Couwenhoven brought four ankers of brandy 
 with her from the Manhatans, but none of it came ashore here. 
 
 20"' ditto. Lieutenant Couwenhoven arrived with the yacht at the Redoubt; brings a 
 Christian woman and boy with him ; says he gave about eighty guilders for the youth, and 
 promised to give our captive squaw for the woman. Left ninety guilders in pledge for her ; the 
 Council of War disapproved of his having promised the squaw in exchange as such was not con- 
 tained in the Director-General and Council's Instruction to him. Says, the Indians promised him 
 to bring in, within two days, all the prisoners they had, and that he should return with her to 
 them within that time. Says also, that two Mohawks coming from Fort Orange in a canoe 
 passed his yacht in the Wappingers Kill. They had full four hundred pounds of lead and over 
 three hundred pounds of powder in the canoe. He would have them on board but they would 
 not; so they passed by. The Dutch woman, who had been taken prisoner, was brought to bed 
 of a young daughter on entering the Esopus Kill. Nothing occurred during the day as it rained 
 almost incessantly, and the farmers could not go out in the fields to reap or to bring in the grain. 
 
 21" ditto. The Council of War resolved to send Lieutenant Couwenhoven down again with 
 the sloop. I victualled the yacht and gave him five soldiers additional for his defense; also 
 resolved to give him the two Indians and the squaw which we had prisoners, but he is not to leave 
 them out of his hands before we have our prisoners back. Furnished him also with an instruction 
 as to how he should act therein. It reads, word for word as follows : — 
 
 * The Delaware word, Gent'keh'n, to dance, seems to be engrafted here into the Dutch language. The term 
 is also to be found in Van der Donck's Beschryvinge van Nietiw Nedetrlandt, where speaking of the amusements of 
 the Indians, he says — "The old and middle aged conclude with smoking and the young with a Kintecaic." 
 N. Y. Hist. Coll. 2d Ser. i. 204. Again in the Breeden Baedt we read, "The first of these savages having received 
 a frightful wound, desired them to permit him to dance what is called the Kinte Kaeye, a religious custom observed 
 
 among them before death He then ordered him to be taken ut of the fort and the soldiers 
 
 bringing him to the Beavers path (he dancing the Kinte Kaeye all the time). — O'C. 
 
New York Hidorical Records. 335 
 
 Insteuction for Lieutenant Pieter Couwenhoven. 
 
 " Whereas Lieutenant Couwenhoven^ sent by the Hon''"' Director General & Council to* 
 release the Christians captured by the Enopus Indians, lay several days near the Wappinger 
 Indians who acted as meditators in the affair, and as yet could not effect much except releasing 
 one child and a woman for which woman he promised to exchange the Squaw who had been cap- 
 tured by us, on condition that they should then bring all the Christian captives to the river side 
 and release them ; and also promised the Wappinger Indians to take down with him the two 
 Indians we captured. The Council of War, therefore, resolved and concluded to surrender the 
 two Indians & the Squaw, but on certain conditions and also by express order of the Ileer Direc- 
 tor General and Council, according to instruction accompanying the same, that no prisoners should 
 go, or be released, unless we first had all our Christians, prisoners, out of their hands. 
 
 1. 
 
 " Therefore, the said Council of War recommend and order Lieutenant Cowwcnhmjen not to 
 surrender nor give up any Indian or Squaw unless our Christian captives be first released and 
 exchanged and placed in our hands, but he is at liberty to promise the Indians, if they discharge 
 all our prisoners and restore them to us, that they shall then again have and regain their prisoners, 
 either in exchange or in some other manner as shall then be agreed to and arranged. 
 
 2. 
 
 " Should Lieutenant Couwenhoven see no probability of obtaining back, receiving or releasing 
 our captives, and the Indians be obstinately opposed to the discharge or release thereof he may 
 watch his time and opportunity to seize as many Esopus Indians as possible, either on land or 
 by inducing them with fair words to go on board, according as opportunities shall then offer; 
 or if many Esopus Indians should come thither with the Christian captives and refuse to surren- 
 der or give these up, he shall then endeavor to detain them on shore, whether by means of 
 intoxicating liquors or by any other means he shall at the time judge most expedient, and then 
 advnse us immediately thereof by a yacht that may come there, in order that we may regulate 
 ourselves accordingly as much as lies in our power so as to sm'prise and seize them. Done, 
 Wildwyck, the 21^' August 1663." 
 
 Escorted said Couwenhoven to the Redoubt on the river's side and he sailed again to the 
 Wappingers in the yacht. A party was also in the field with the Boors ; they returned home 
 without seeing anything. 
 
 22"'' ditto. Sent out one escort with the reapers and two parties to lie in ambush, but it 
 commenced raining about noon and they came in. The rain came down in such torrents that 
 the Boors were obliged to take up the Bridge lest it be carried away as it was three weeks ago. 
 It is to be feared that considerable grain will be destroyed in the field for want of reapers, in 
 consequence of the gi-eat rain that has fallen, for a great deal of grain lies under water and the 
 farmers on an average have not harvested above one fourth part of it. Nothing else occurred 
 to day, except that the great rain carried away several of the palisades of the fort. 
 
 23'' ditto. Sent an Order to the Sheriff and Commissaries and directed them to have the 
 palisades of tlie fort replaced. It reads word for word as follows : — 
 
 " Acti. 
 "The Sheriff and Commissaries of this village of Wildwijcl; are hereby ordered and directed 
 
336 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 to have replaced and repaired the palisades of this fort, which Were washed away by the water, 
 and the same is urgently required. Done, Wildwyck the 23"' August, 1663." 
 
 The Answer of the Court of the Village of Wildwyck. 
 
 The Court of this village Wildwyck having seen and read this, find that it cannot be done at 
 present, inasmuch as the grain in the field is almost ruined, and it is necessary to draw it home as 
 soon as possible with the aid of all hands. Wildwyck, 23* August, 1663, (was subscribed) Roelof 
 Swartwout. Lower stood -^ Ej order of the Worshipful Court of the village of Wildwyck, 
 (signed) 
 
 Mattts Capito, Secretary. 
 
 Two detachments were out in the field with the reapers ; did not remark any thing. 
 
 24"' ditto. Sent out two detachments with the reapers and one in ambush. They returned 
 in the evening, having seen nothing. Received a letter at night from Lieutenant Couwenhoven, 
 which he had sent u]> from the Wapjnngers creek by an Indian, a Dutchman and two captive 
 Christian children belonging to the wife of the gunner wlio was on board the sloop with said 
 Couwenhoven ; and as the Indian told me he had given the captive Squaw, whom he had entrusted 
 to said Couwenhoven, in exchange for these two children, without any hope of a general redemp- 
 tion ; and that he had so thoughtlessly and contrary to orders surrendered this Squaw for the two 
 children on an uncertainty, not knowing whether he should receive another prisoner or not ; now 
 let him defend himself to the Director-General and Council. Said Couwenhoven^ s letter was to 
 this effect : That he hopes to get all the prisoners, but that he should be in want of supplies ; for 
 the powder he has is good for nothing, and the cry among the Indians is all for powder and 
 brandy ; requests me to send him some, as it was for the public good ; that the Sachem had gone 
 with five men into tlie interior, and had promised him to return with all the Christian captives ; 
 had given him the Squaw in order to succeed the better for us, and he had a fair prospect for a 
 good delivery. In case it happened otherwise then he should acquaint me of it, and so forth, as 
 appears by his letter. It is Dated the 25'" August, but I received it on the 24"' August; this 
 happened through a mistake of his in writing. Domine Blom departed hence to-day, with his 
 wife, for the Manhatans ; had him escorted to the river side by Ensign Niessen and forty men. 
 Experienced no harm on tlie way. 
 
 25"* ditto. Sent down the Indian and the Dutchman again to the sloop lying by the Wapp- 
 ingers, with some bread. Also sent a letter to Lieutenant Couwenhoven, which reads as follows : 
 " Good friend, Lieutenant Couwenhoven. Your letter came to hand, and I have noted its con- 
 " tents. As regards your surrender of the Squaw before yon had in exchange all our prisoners, 
 " in my opinion it is not well done. But you, yourself, must vindicate that act. In answer to 
 " your request for Sewan and Brandy, I have none, as you well know, and the Council of War 
 " does not consider it prudent to furnish our enemies with powder at this conjuncture. You 
 " promise to do j'our best for our Christians in captivity, and to get these out of their hands. 
 " Should you not succeed, you will act according as you have been already instructed and told. I 
 " send you some bread and request you not to go to the Manhatans, but first come here to take 
 " ofE the sick and wounded. You can see whether you will not be able to obtain some sewan and 
 " brandy from the passing sloops, for if I had any and should send them to you, they would run 
 " gi-eat risk of being plundered on the way by the Indians. Done, Wildwyck the 25"' August, 
 " 1663." Had three parties out ; two with the reapers and one in ambush. They returned in the 
 evening having seen nothing. 
 
New York Historical Records. 337 
 
 26"' ditto. Two escorts were down to tlie river side to bring np supplies and some soldiers' 
 wives comiug from the Manhatans ; a party lay in ambush behind the newly burnt village; re- 
 turned in the evening M'ithout liaving remarked any thing. 
 
 27"" ditto. There were two detachments with the reapers in the field and one in ambush, re- 
 turned in the evening without meeting any thing. 
 
 28"' ditto. Ilad two parties again in the field and one in ambush ; returned in tlie evcnin<; 
 having seen nothing. 
 
 29"" ditto. Two detachments were out again in the field with the reapers, and one in ambush. 
 Saw nothing. A soldier of Lieut. StilwiVn Company was wounded by his Sergeant in some dis- 
 pute respecting orders. Said soldier was arrested and afterwards examined by the court martial, 
 and it was found that the Sergeant was as blameworthy as the soldier. The soldier, who is named 
 Thomas Coeck, is condemned by the court martial to stand sentry with six muskets for the spaci! 
 of three days, and during one hour each day. 
 
 SO"" ditto. Lieutenant Couwenlwven retm-ned frona the ]raj)pinfft'rs at the IiedouU with 
 the yacht, and arrived in Wildwyck with his people and the two Waj>jnnger India:is, but released 
 and liberated the Squaw tliere ; could not obtain any more Christian captives from the Esojms 
 Lidians. The Wapjpimjer Sachem had been with the I^sojms Lidians at their fort (which they 
 were erecting anew), in order to ascertain if he could not obtain the release of the Christian 
 captives. But when he liad been two or three days with them in their new fort, to negotiate with 
 them respecting the prisoners, two MohaxoTcs and one Minqua came there with Sewan and a long 
 message, which rendered the Eisopus Indians so ill disposed towards the Wappinger Sachem that 
 they caused him to depart. He then returned without receiving any other Christian captives. 
 He came on board of Lieutenant Couwenhoven and told the same to him, and said Lieutenant 
 reported it to me. Now, I cannot imagine what there is in it. Convened the Council of War 
 and they resolved and concluded to attack witli one hundred and twenty men the Esopus Indians 
 who reside in their new fort about four Jiom"s farther than their first fort which we had burnt. 
 We take with us as a guide one of our captured Wappinger Indians. Meanwhile issued rations 
 to tlie people, and orders to start on the expedition this evening or to-morrow morning; but as it 
 began to rain in the afternoon we did not set out to-day. Sent an order to the Sheriff, Commis- 
 saries, and superior officers of the village of Wildwyck, which reads as follows: 
 
 "Wheeeas another expedition is on foot against our enemies, the Esopus Indians, the 
 Sheriff, Commissaries and superior officers of the Burghery are requested to furnish twenty horse- 
 men from the hired men {KneoJits) of this village of Wildwyck to accompany the military in the 
 attack on the Indians. Done, Wildwyck the 30"" August, 1G63." 
 
 Answer of the Court to this Order. 
 
 " The Court and superior officers of this village of Wildwyck having read the communica- 
 tion sent them by the Captain Lieutenant and Council of War have at their request convoked the 
 farmers and read to them the aforesaid demand, whereunto they gave for answer that they were 
 well disposed to do their best for the public interest, but find at present that the horses fatigued 
 from the harvest, are unfit to be rode by men. The Court having heard this answer, hereby re- 
 quest the Captain Lieutenant and Council of "War, if it can be possibly done without prejudice 
 to the public service, that the expedition be postponed for six or seven days until the harvest be 
 completed as the grain yet in the field is already injured. Done, Wildwyck, this 30"> August 
 1063 (was subscribed), Koelof Swariwout. (Lower stood.) By order of the Sheriff, Commis- 
 saries and superior officers of the Burghery in Wildwyck (signed) MArruEUS Capito, Secretary." 
 Nothing else occurred to-day. 
 43 
 
338 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson Jxiver. 
 
 3P' ditto. It rained somewhat all this day, therefore the expedition must rest for the present ; 
 sent an escort to the river side and victualled the people at the Redoubt and Sloop. Asked the 
 Sheriff and Commissaries, verbally, whether they could not get some horses to accompany ns in 
 the attack so that we may be able to place the wounded on them if we happen to have any. 
 After great trouble they obtained six horses from a few, but spiteful and insulting words from 
 many. One said, let those furnish horses who commenced the war. Another said, I'll give 'em 
 the Devil — if they want any thing tliey will have to take it by force. The third said, I must 
 first have my horse valued and have security for it ; and so fortli with much other foul and nnbe- 
 coming language, not to be repeated. 
 
 1^' Septemljer. Thomas the Irishman and Claesje Hoorn arrived with their yachts at the 
 Kill from the Manhatans ; sent an escort to tiie river side ; intended to set forth to day but the 
 arrival of the yachts and the escort to the river side prevented this, and the weather was so low- 
 ering and threatened rain so mncli that we concluded to start next night towards the break of 
 day ; but as it rained the whole night we could not set out. Nothing else occurred to-day. A 
 party was out in the field with the farmers, but nothing haj^pened. 
 
 2'* ditto. Sundaj-. The weather continued lowering, and heavy rain fell. In the afternoon 
 very heavy rain fell again so that we could not stir out. Nothing occurred during the entire day. 
 
 3'' ditto. About one o'clock in the afternoon we started from fort Wildwych, having of my 
 company two and twenty men ; of Lieutenant StilioiVs company, four and twenty men, and seven 
 freemen, with two of the Ilon'"^ Company's Negroes. We took as guide the young Wappinger 
 Indian, and Christqffel Davids as Indian interpreter, and promised the Indian his freedom with 
 with a cloth coat, on condition that he brought us truly to the Esopus Indians. We got eight 
 horses with very great difficulty from the farmers, as they were so very unwilling and could not 
 be brought to give us any horses, except Thomas Chambers, who, without any solicitation, 
 presented me with two for the expedition. Several of the others, who would not give any, 
 used much offensive language to the Sheriff and to the company's officers, saying — " They 
 will have iiorses ; they may see if they can get them." Marshed that afternoon about three 
 miles from our fort to the creek which runs past the Redoubt j lay there that night, during 
 which we had great rain. 
 
 i'*" ditto. Found such high water and swift current in the kill that it was inapossible to ford 
 it ; sent six men immediately on horseback to our fort Wildwyck to fetch rope and axes to make a 
 raft or some other convenience to cross the creek ; they returned to ns about ten o'clock ; brought 
 three axes and rope. Passed the rope over the stream in order to hold fast to it so that the peo- 
 ple may not be swept far down the creek. Crossed over with all the men about two o'clock in 
 the afternoon and marched about four miles further on, where we bivouacked during the night. 
 Considerable I'ain fell this afternoon. 
 
 5'-'' ditto. Set out again at day break, and about noon came to their first maize field where 
 we discovered two squaws and a Dutch woman ; who had come that morning from their new fort 
 to get corn. But as the creek lay between us and the cornfield, though we would fain have the 
 women it was impossible to ford the stream without being seen and then discovered. We there- 
 fore, adopted the resolution to avoid the cornfield and the road, and turned in through the woods 
 so as not to be seen. Arrived about two o'clock in the afternoon within sight of their fort, which 
 we discovered situate on a lofty plain. Divided our force in two — Lieutenant Couwenhoven and 
 I led the right wing, and Lieutenant Stllwil and Ensign Niessen the left wing. Proceeded in 
 this disposition along the hill so as not to be seen and in order to come right under the fort ; but 
 as it was somewhat level on the left side of the fort and the soldiers were seen by a squaw, who 
 
Xciv York UhiDi-ical Tteconh. 
 
 339 
 
 was piling wood there and wlio sent forth a terrihle pi-n/aiu wliich was heard !iv the Indians wlio 
 were standing and working near Uio fort, we instantly fell iiiioii thi-in. Thc^ Indians rusljcd forth- 
 with through the fort towards their houses, which stood aliunt a stone's throw from tlie fort in 
 order to secure their arms, and thus hastily picked up a few guns and liows and arrows l)\it we 
 were so hot at their heels that they were forced to leave many of them hchind. \s v kept up a 
 sliarp fire on them and pursued them so closely that they leaped into tiie creek which ran in front 
 of the lower part of their maize land. On reaching the opposite side of the kill, tliev courai,''e- 
 ously returned our fire, which we sent hack, so that we were ohllged to send a, part v across to 
 dislodge them. In this attack, the Indians lost their Chief, named /'<ijh,jiiini<iili,'n, fourteen 
 other warriors, four women and three children, whom we saw lying hoth on this and on the otiier 
 side of the creek but probably many more were w^ounded, when rushing from the fort to the 
 houses, wdieu we did give them a brave charge. On our side three were killed and si\ wounded 
 and we have recovered three and twenty Christian prisoners out of their hands. We have also 
 taken thirteen of them prisoners, l)oth men and women, besides an old man who accompanied us 
 about half an hour but woulil not go farther. We took him aside and gave him his last meal. 
 A Captive Indian Child died on tlie way, so that there remained eleven of them still our prisoners. 
 The eneraj^ being conquercil, we reviewed our men ; found we had one wounded more than we 
 had horses. Convened the Council of War ; submitted to them what was now best for us to do 
 relative to cutting down the maize. Tiie Council of War decided that we could indeed cut it 
 down, but were any more of om- men womided, how could they be removed having already one 
 more than we had horses, and this one must be borne, with great trouble, on a litter by two. 
 Resolved to let tlie maize stand for the present ; plundered the houses wherein was considerable 
 booty, such as bear skins, deer skins, tiMasseii, blankets, elk hides, besides several other smaller 
 articles many of which we were obliged to leave behind that we coidd not bring along witli us, 
 for we could well fill a sloop. We destroyed as much as we could; broke the kettles into pieces; 
 got also twenty-four or five gims, more tlian the half of whicli we smashed and threw the barrels 
 liere and there in the stream, hacking and breaking in pieces as many as we coidd. Found, also, 
 several horns and bags of powder, in all about twenty pounds ; got also thirty-one belts and some 
 strings of wampum ; took the best of the booty along and resolved to set off. Placed the wounded 
 on the horses and had one carried in a blanket on poles by two soldiers in turns. Set out thus in 
 good order on our retm-n and marched that day full two miles from the fort. The fort was a 
 perfect square with one row of palisades set all round being about fifteen feet above, and three 
 feet under ground. They had already completed two angles of stout palisades, all of them almost 
 as thick as a man's body, having two rows of portlioles, one above the other ; and they were busy 
 at the third angle. These angles were constructed so solid and strong as not to be excelled by 
 Christians. The fort was not so large as the one we had already burnt. Tiie Christian prisoners 
 informed us that they were removed ev'ery night into the woods, etich night to a different place, 
 tiu-ough fear of the Dutch, and brought back in the morning; but on the day before we attacked 
 them, a Mohawk visited them, wdio slept with them iluring the lugiit. When they would convey 
 the Christian Captives again into the- woods, the M„hii,rl- said to the F.snpit^ Indians — What! 
 do you carry the Christian prisoners every night into the woods 'h To which they answered — yes. 
 Whereupon the Mohawk said. Let them remain at liberty here for yon live so far in the woods 
 that the Dutch will not come hither, for they cannot come so far without being discovered before 
 they reach yon. Wherefore they kept the pnsoners by them that night. The Mohawk departed 
 In the morning for the Manessimjs and left a new blanket and two pieces of cloth which fell to ns 
 also as booty ; and we came just that day and f<'ll on them so that a jiortion of them is entirely 
 
340 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 annihilated. Wherefore praise and thanks be given to God Almighty. The course lies about 
 South South-West to the Indians new fort which is distant about 12 miles.* The way is some- 
 what stouey and hilly, but the road for the greater part is good. After leaving their fort we 
 marched that day two miles where we passed the night. Perceived the Indians on the road. 
 
 6"" ditto. Early in the morning we started anew ; wei-e obliged to cross a rapid, stoney creek, 
 and came this day just beyond the Esopiis Kill, which runs by the Hedouht, where we remained 
 this night, and there died the Indian child, which we threw into the creek. Saw scarcely any 
 Indians that day on the road. 
 
 7"' ditto. Started again and arrived about noon at Wildwyck ; did not remark any thing by 
 the way. 
 
 8"'. An escort attended the reapers in the field ; returned in the evening witliout having 
 seen any thing. Christoffels Davids departed. 
 
 9"" ditto. Sunday. Lieutenant Stilwil and Lieutenant Couwenhoven left for the Manhatams 
 with the sloop ; sent with them seven wounded and some sick, together with seventeen of Lieu- 
 tenant StilwiVs men and twelve of my company ; had them escorted to the river side. Nothing 
 else occurred to-day. 
 
 10"" ditto. Two detachments were out with the reapers and those driving the teams. Noth- 
 ing occurred. They returned about three o'clock in the afternoon, as it commenced raining hard 
 and they saw nothing. 
 
 11"' ditto. Nothing new; it rained the entire day. 
 
 12"" ditto. Two yachts arrived at the Redoiibt from Fort Orange ; had Reyntje Pietersen 
 and Ila7is Carolussen escorted up ; detached a party in ambush and one in the Held with those 
 pulling hemp, but nothing happened. 
 
 13"' ditto. Nothing occurred as it rained the whole day. 
 
 14"' ditto. Sent an escort to the Redoubt by the river side. Nothing else transpired, as it 
 rained again nearly the entire day. 
 
 15"" ditto. Maet Seeu arrived at the Redoubt with his boat and eight soldiers and some letters 
 from the Heeren Councillors, dated 13"" September. Had him conducted up to the village of 
 Wildwyck. An ordinance is enacted by the Council of War ; it reads as follows : 
 
 " Oedinance made and enacted by the Captain Lieutenant and valiant 
 Council of War Commanding the Militaet troops at Wildwyck in the 
 Esopus. 
 
 " Whereas it is found by daily experience that several of the military do, without permission 
 of the Sergeant or Corporal, leave their posts or stations either to work with the farmers or on 
 some other pretence, Wherefore the Captain Lieutenant and valiant Council of War being 
 desirous to provide therefor, have ordered and directed, as they do hereby order and direct — 
 
 " That no one shall presume to quit his post or station without permission of the Sergeant 
 or Corporal in command, under the penalty of twenty stivers for the first offence, 40 stivers for 
 the second, and arbitrary punishment for the third. 
 
 *This line leads to about Bloominburg, in the town of Mamakating, Sullivan Co., in the vicinity of which 
 village it is presumed the above battle was fought. — O'C, 
 
 I 
 I 
 
New Yorh Historical liecords. 341 
 
 2. 
 " No person shall presume to take or steal another's gun, powder or lead in any manner 
 whatsoever, on pain of corporal punishment, according to the gravity of the case. 
 
 "Neither shall any person, be ho who he may, commence or begin any quarrel on guard, 
 much less come drunk or to drink there, under a penalty of twenty stivers for each offence. 
 
 " Every one shall hold himself in readiness with his gun, duly provided with powder and 
 ball, to appear immediately, or on the first command of the superior or inferior officeu, wherever 
 he may be required, then to await further orders, and whoever acts contrarv or disobeys herein 
 shall be arbitrarily punished according to his deserts, pursuant to the sentence of the Conrt 
 Martial. 
 
 5. 
 
 " No one shall go from one guard or post to another without taking with him his proper 
 hand and side arms, so that he may be immediately prepared to defend himself in case of alarm, 
 under a penalty of twenty stivers for each offence, and as often as he shall be found disobeying 
 herein. Tnus done by the Cap' Lieutenant and valiant Council of War, in WHdwycJc, this 15 
 September, 1663." 
 
 Nothing else occurred, inasmuch as it was again rainy weather. 
 
 IB"" ditto. Sunday. Nothing occurred and no detachment was sent out. 
 
 17"" ditto. Maet Seen left again with his boat; took with him two sick, Peter Andriessen 
 and Jan Coppenou and two horses for Monsieur Verlet and sundry empty barrels for the Hon'''* 
 Company ; had him escorted to the Redoubt by 32 men. Thomas the Irishman arrived to-dav, 
 at the Redoubt and a small straw cabin in which a soldier resided was burnt, but nothing can be 
 ascertained as to how the fire originated. Meanwhile the Soldier lost all his property. Nothing 
 else occurred this day. 
 
 IS"" ditto. Presented the following request to the Magistrates of this vilage of WildwycTc : 
 — "Whereas tXm Jlcer Director-General and the Ileeren Councillors have written to us here that 
 it is their intention to send hither, by the first opportunity, additional Soldiers and a party of 
 Marseping savages,* to seek out and subdue as much as possible the Esopus Indians, our enemy, 
 the Captain Lieutenant and Council of War, therefore, request the Sheriff and Commissaries of 
 this village of Wildwych to be pleased to allot two or three houses in this village to lodge, pro- 
 visionally, the aforesaid force whenever it shall arrive. This doing, our friendship shall follow. 
 Done, TFii/fi^twyc'^, 18"" Sepf 1663." Answer of the Court as follows : — -"TheW. Court having 
 looked around at the request of the Capt. Lieutenant and Council of War for proper lodgings for 
 the coming forces, have induced Pieter Jacohsen to give his mill for iO to 50 Soldiers, and the 
 W. Court will do its best to find out quartei-s for the savages. Done Wildwycl; this IS"' Sep- 
 tember 1663. (was subscribed) Roelof Swaktwout. (Lower stood) By order of the W. Court 
 in WildwycTc aforesaid. Mattheds Capito, Secretary. Two detachments were out, to-day, with 
 the reapers in the field and at the Great Plot, antl 20 men in ambush. Returned in the evening; 
 saw nothing. 
 
 19"^ ditto. Tlimnas the Irishman sailed for the Manhatans ; had him escorted. Two 
 detachments were out in the field with the reapers, but saw nothing. 
 
 ♦These were Queens Co. Indians. Tlwmpsoii calls them Maraepeagues, and says their principal settlement 
 was at Fort Neck. — O'C. 
 
342 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 20"* ditto. Two detachments were out at the Great Plot by TjercTch to cut oats and to 
 plough ; they returned in the evening having seen nothing. 
 
 21^' ditto. Two detachments went out again ; one with the ploughers, the other with those 
 drawing home the oats, but they did not see any thing. 
 
 22* ditto. Another detachment was out in the field with the ploughmen ; saw nothing. 
 Sent a party about midnight along the Kill where some maize lay ; distant South from Wildwyck 
 about 2 hours' march ; but on arriving there found only a small patch of maize, as it had all been 
 plucked by some straggling Indians or bears. Our people took away the remainder, but 'twas of 
 little value. The Indian prisoners whom we hold had first informed us, to-day, that a small spot 
 of corn had been planted there principally to supply food to stragglers who went to and fro to 
 injure the Christians. Should they come again they'll not find any food. 
 
 23'' ditto. Sunday. Nothing particular. Towards evening sent a convoy to the river side 
 to bring up bread for the garrison. About eleven o'clock that night sent out a party to Sager^s 
 little kill in an easterly* direction from our village of Wildwyck about three miles from our 
 fort, having been informed that there was some maize there, to see if they could not remove 
 it thence, either by land or water. 
 
 2-t"' ditto. Monday. ' The party that was sent out in the night returned home about two 
 o'clock in the afternoon ; they were at 8ager''s Killetie, on the Indians' maize plantation, but 
 saw no Indians nor any thing to indicate that they had been there for a long time, for the 
 maize had not been hoed, {aangeJioocht) and could not come to its full growth, but had been 
 much injured by the wild beasts ; neither will any of it reach perfection, except one plantation 
 which was good, having been hoed by the Indians. 'Twas, however, much injured by the wild 
 beasts ; each of our people brought a load of it home on his back, and left some more standing, 
 which we will when convenient bring hither. They also say that it is beautiful maize land, 
 suitable for a number of bouweries and for the immediate reception of the plough. Had an 
 escort in the field to bring in the oats and buckwheat, and sent one to the Redoubt, as Domine 
 Blom had arrived in the Spaniard's yacht, and some supplies had also been sent from the Man- 
 hatan's by the IJeeren Councillors for the troops in the Esopus. Otherwise, nothing particular 
 occurred to-day. 
 
 25"" ditto. Had an escort in the field with the ploughmen, and sent one to the river side to 
 fetch up supplies or provisions. A soldier named Jurien Jansen fell out of a canoe at the 
 Kedoubt and was drowned ; he was reaching for a squirrel and the canoe thus upset and he 
 was drowned. Nothing else occurred to-day except sending some horses and wagons to Fort 
 Orange which were required by the owners. 
 
 Se"" ditto. Lieutenant Coiiwenhoven arrived at the Redoubt and Wildwyck with some 
 Marseping savages. Sent a detachment to the water side to fetch up some supplies. Inasmuch 
 as Lieutenant Couwenhoven has arrived at Wildwyck, and the gunner's wife has again brought a 
 quantity of strong drink along, which she retails as well to Indians as to Christians, without mak- 
 ing any exception as to habitual drunkards, and furnishes them with so much that they cannot 
 distinguish even the door of the house, and then, coming out, fight with and strike the Indians. 
 Therefore, desirous to prevent all mischiefs which might arise from strong drink, the rather as 
 an expedition is again about to set out, according to letters from the Supreme Council, and in 
 order to have sober and proper men to march at the first command of the officers, the Cap'. Lieu- 
 tenant and valiant Council of War have, for the present, sent an order to the Sheriff of this vil- 
 
 * Oostlyck. This must evidently be an error, as they could not go 3 Dutch or 9 English miles from Kingston, 
 iu an easterly direction. It is presumed that " northeasterly" was intended, in which direction Saugerties lies. O'C. 
 
Neio York Historical Iitcon/.s. 343 
 
 lage, which reads as follows — " The Cap'. T.ientenant and valiant Council ol War liavini'- orders 
 from the Supreme government to get up anotiier exjiedition, and the entire military, and the Na- 
 tives our friends, the Marseping Indians, being here also holding themselves in readiness to set 
 out at the first command of the ofiicers. The Cap'. Lieutenant and valiant Council of War do 
 therefore hereby authorize and order Sheriff Swartwout of this village to notify and forbid the 
 tappers or retailers of strong drink who follow the profession of selling liquor in this village, that 
 they do not under present circumstances sell strong drink to any one, be he Christian or Indian, 
 under tlie forfeiture of the into.xicating liquor that may be found in his house. Done, IF/A/^/v/rZ-, 
 26"' September, leeS." Meanwhile, nothing else occurred to-day. 
 
 27"' ditto. An escort was in the field with the ploughmen and one to the river side to fetch 
 up provisions. Nothing else happened. 
 
 28"' ditto. Th Council of War engaged Derrieh Smith to remain at the Rednuht with his 
 yacht until we return with the troops from the expedition, in order to carry back the forces and 
 Marseping Indians, and agreed with said Smith that he shall have in Seawan eight guilders light 
 money per day. A detachment was out in the field with the ploughmen ; 10 to 12 of our Indians 
 were out in the bush shooting. They returned in the evening ; say that they have discovered 
 signs of where the Indians are going to. Nothing else occurred to-day. 
 
 29"' ditto. Convened the Council of War and resolved and concluded to set out on another 
 expedition against the Esojyus Indians next Monday being the 1" of October, and each man shall 
 be furnished with three pounds of biscuit, one pound of powder and one pound of ball for the 
 expedition. An order is also given to the Sheriff and Commissaries as follows — "Whereas by 
 orders from the Director-General and Council of N ew-NetKerlaml an expedition is about to set 
 out against the Esojnis Indians, our enemies, and sixteen horses are required to accompany and to 
 be used by said expedition, the Capt. Lieutenant and valiant [Council of War,] therefor request 
 the Sheriff and Commissaries of this village of WildwycTc to supply said horses from the inhab- 
 itants by the first of October proximo, being next Monday. Done, Wildivyck the 2'.)"' Septem 
 ber 16C3." A detachment was in the field with the ploughmen, and one to the river side; saw 
 nothing. 
 
 30"' September, Sunday afternoon, caused powder and ball to be distributed to the soldiers 
 and Indians ; one pound powder, one pound lead each, with three pounds biscuit for this expedi- 
 tion. Nothing else happened to-day. 
 
 1'' October being Monday, we marched from Wildioych with these following troops : of the 
 military 102 men ; of the Marsepimj Indians iG men ; of the freemen 6 ; with 14 horses obtained 
 from the farmers of Wildwych for the use of the expedition so as to be able to accommodate the 
 wounded, should we have any. Marched with these troops about 9 hours and arrived in the even- 
 ing about 7 miles from Wildioyck where we passed the night. Experienced scarcely any trouble 
 through the day ; had considei-able rain in the night. 
 
 2""^ ditto. Started again with our troops and about two o'clock in the afternoon came to the 
 fort of the Eaopus Indians where we had attacked them on the 5"' September and there found 
 five large pits into which they had cast their dead. The wolves had rooted up and devoured some 
 of them. Lower down on the Kill were four other pits full of dead Indians and we found, 
 further on, three Indians with a Squaw and a Child that lay unburied and almost wholly devoured 
 by the ravens and the wolves. Sent out, immediately a party of Dutch men and Indians four 
 miles beyond the fort in a south westerly direction where our guide presumed some l^opus In- 
 dians would be, Ijut on coming there discovered nothing but some wigwams which had been a 
 long time abandoned by the Indians. Meanwhile I had been over the Kill with a party of men 
 
344 Colonial Settlevients on the Hudson River. 
 
 and pulled off the corn and threw it into the Kill. The troops returned in the evening without 
 having seen any Indians. About two miles from the fort perceived the trail of two Indians who 
 had gone across the mountain ; supposed to be strange Indians ; the trail was a day old. 
 
 S"* ditto. Early in the morning despatched a party of soldiers and Indians into the woods to 
 see if they could not find any Indians ; sent a detachment again over the Kill to pull up the 
 maize and throw it into the Kill. In the afternoon sent two other detachments into the corn 
 fields to throw the maize into the creek, as the corn which stood about the fort was all thrown 
 into the Kill by the evening. After sundown our party returned without having captured or 
 discovered any thing. 
 
 4"" ditto. "We pulled up the Indian fort and threw the palisades, one on the other, in sundry 
 heaps and set them on fire, together with the wigwams which stood around the fort, and thus the 
 fort and houses were destroyed and burnt. About 10 o'clock wc marched thence down along the 
 creek where lay divers maize plantations, which we also destroyed and cast the corn into the creek. 
 Several large wigwams stood also there which we burnt. Now, having destroyed every thing, we 
 mai'ched that day, on our return, about four miles further, where we remained with the troops 
 that night by a small creek, the rain falling the entire time. Two Hackinsach Indians who had 
 come up with the Marsepings staid behind at the fort. They told the Chief that they should 
 return home from thence, as they could reach Hachinsack as soon as Esopus ; but the Chief did 
 not mention it to us until we had marched back some two miles. These two Indians had. each, 
 a gun from the Esopus, which they took away with them. 
 
 S"" ditto. Still raining incessantly ; but we again resumed our homeward march to Wildwych. 
 This night one of the farmers' horses strayed away ; searched for it this morning every where, 
 but could not find it. Meanwhile continued our march, and arrived in the evening at Wildwych. 
 Saw nothing on the road. The course from Wildwych to the Indians' burnt fort lies mostly South 
 Southwest across several large creeks, some of which are breast-high, some not so deep. The way 
 is very bad and hilly ; in some places is very fine land. 
 
 6"" ditto. Had two escorts to the river side ; nothing else occurred to-day. 
 
 7"" ditto. Sunday. At break of day sent o\it forty soldiers with twenty Indians to the Sayers 
 Killetje, lying easterly (Oostwaerts) from Wildwych, where there were two fields planted with 
 maize, for the purpose of destroying this and throwing it into the creek ; they returned in the 
 evening each with a load of maize having throwii the remainder into the creek. About noon, 
 to-day, a girl was brought up from the Redoubt who, the day before had arrived on the opposite 
 bank there and was immediately conveyed across [the stream]. When the girl came to Wildwych 
 she was forthwith asked, where she came from ? Said, she had escaped from an Indian who had 
 taken her prisoner, and who resided in the mountain on the other side of the creek about three 
 miles from Wildwych where he had a hut and a small patch of corn which he had pulled and had 
 been there about three weeks to remove the corn. The Council of War forthwith resolved to 
 send thither forty men to try and catch him, whereupon Ensign Niessen with 36 soldiers and 
 Lieutenant Couwenhoven with 5 Indians were ordered out. They marched from Wildwych about 
 noon and crossed over at the Redoubt. They reached the hut about sunset which, having com- 
 pletely surrounded, they surprized, but found it empty. The Indian had abandoned it before 
 their arrival. They found a lot of corn near the hut, and another lot at the kill, part of which 
 they burned and brought a part here. Remained in the hut during the night and watched there. 
 
 8"" ditto. About ten o'clock the troops returned to Wildwych. Convened the Council of 
 War and resolved and concluded to send off Lieutenant Couwenhoven and the Marseping Indians 
 and about forty of our soldiers to the Mwnhatans on the morrow being the ninth of October. 
 
J^ew York IlUtorical Recorih. 345 
 
 The Council of "War also resolved to sead down all the Indian prisoners likewise to the Ilanhatans 
 being eleven Esofus Indians, big and little and one Wap].nn<je)\ making twelve in all, as there is 
 no probability of their being redeemed here, none of the Esojjiis Indians coming here to speak 
 to or enquire after them. Nothing else occurred to-day. 
 
 9"" ditto. Lieutenant Couioenhoven departed in Dirick SmitlCs yacht, took with him all the 
 Marseping Indians and 40 of the military. Sent no escort to the river side with thera. Nothing 
 else happened. The horse which we left on the expedition returned back to Wildwyck to-day. 
 
 10"' ditto. A detachment was out in the field with the ploughmen — they returned about 
 noon as it began to rain hard. Louis, the Waloon, went to-day to fetch his oxen which had gone 
 back of Juriaen Westjjhaelen'' s land. As he was about to drive home the oxen, three Indians, who 
 lay in the bush and intended to seize liim, leaped forth. When one of these shot at him with an 
 arrow but only slightly wounded him, Louis, having a piece of a palisade in his hand, struck the 
 Indian on the breast with it so that he staggered back, and Louis escaped through the kill, and 
 came thence and brought the news into the fort, whereupon two detachments were instantly 
 despatched to attack them, but they had taken to flight and retreated into the woods. And 
 although a party searched for them an hour they could not discover them ; they thereupon returned 
 to Wildwyck. No other harm was done by the three Indians. Tins evening the Company's 
 yacht arrived at the Redoubt. Nothing else occurred to-day. 
 
 II"" ditto. Two detachments were in the field with the ploughmen and one in ambush; 
 retm-ned in the evening without seeing any thing. 
 
 12"^ ditto. Two parties were again in tlie field with the ploughmen. About noon, to-day, 
 Heyiilji' Piiirrs came from I^ort Orange with liis j'acht in which also arrived Thomas Chumhers 
 and ]\i',rt r.ls. Brought news that Peter the Fleming, residing on the cast shore opposite 
 Bethlehem had been warned by a Mohawk to depart if he wish not to be killed, for he said that 
 all the Indians on the east side of Fort Orange river had assembled and were to come in five days 
 to attack Fort Orange. This Indian had given him this warning, he being his great Nytap* and 
 the Mahicanders and the Cattsklll Indians had all abandoned their maize plantations ; yea, had 
 offered to sell divers maize plantations to the Dutch for a piece of cloth. Peter tJie Fleming 
 brought this news to F'ort Orange on Monday, being the 7"" of October, the day before he left 
 Fort Orange with the yacht. Now, the result hereof time will determine. I also received a 
 letter from Vattskill, from Elbert Ilerbertsen which I enclose to your Honors. It is dated 26"" 
 September. In like manner Capt. Thomas Chambers informs me that many of the Butch of 
 Fori Orange are removing in canoes the corn from the Indians' plantations which had been aban- 
 doned by the Indians. This Mohawk had also said that five Indian Nations had assembled 
 togetlier; namely the Mahicanders, the Catsk/lls, the Wappingers, those of Esopus besides 
 another tribe of Indians that dwell half way between Fort Orange and Hartford. Now, time 
 will tell what there is herein. He said their place of meeting was on the east side of the Fort 
 Orange river, about three miles inland from Claverack, and that they were about five lumdred 
 strong. Sent two escorts to the river side to fetch np the Hon'"'" ('i)iiipauy's goods. They 
 returned to Wildwyck together with the detachments tliat had been out in tlic field with the 
 ploughmen. Saw nothing. » 
 
 IS"- ditto. The Company's yacht returned to the Manhatans ; the same day two yachts also 
 arrived from the 2Ianhatans and sailed for Fort Orange, after luu-ing touched at the RedouhL 
 A detachment was out in the field with tiie plouglimen and one in ambush, and I sent an escort 
 
 * An Algoukin word mcuniiig, "Friuud." — O'C. 
 
346 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 to the river side. The beer sent up by the Heer General was likewise distributed, to-day, to the 
 soldiers. Nothing else occurred. 
 
 ll"" ditto. Sunday. Nothing to note except that I sent a convoy in the evening to the river 
 side to drive up some cattle which had arrived from Fort Orange. 
 
 IS"" ditto. Communicated another Order to the W. Court relative to the non repairs of the 
 fortress of Wildwych. It is verbally as follows : 
 
 " Whkeeas an Acte dated SS"" August has been communicated to the schout and commissaries 
 of this village Wildioyck respecting the repair of this fortress of Wildwych and nothing resulted 
 therefrom to this date, the Capt. Lieutenant and Council of War do, therefore, again recommend 
 and order the W. Court of this village of Wildwyck to cause the said fortress to be properly 
 secured by the Commonalty of this Village against all unexpected attacks as necessity requires it, 
 and the fort lies open at divers points as the W. Court can itself see in what state it at present is: 
 Wherefore the W. Court of this village of Wildwyck is again condescendingly requested to be 
 pleased to give orders to repair the above-mentioned fort in a proper manner, and in default 
 thereof the Capt. Lieutenant and Council of War do hereby protest, should any attack be made 
 by our enemies on this fortress, that they hold themselves guiltless thereof, this fortress being at 
 present incapable of defence — and there appears no disposition as yet to repair it — although the 
 said Capt. Lieutenant and Council of War will perform their duty with the force entrusted to 
 them bj' the Supreme Government and shall constantly hold themselves in readiness, both in gar- 
 rison and in the field, to maintain this place for the public interest, trusting that the W. Court will 
 please to give order herein to their Commonalty for the proper reparation thereof, which awaiting 
 &c. Done, Wildwyck 15'" 8"" 1663." 
 
 Two convoys were out in the field with the ijlouglnnen and one in ambush ; saw notliing 
 during the day. Hans the Norman arrived at the Redouht with his yacht from Fort Orange j 
 reports that full seven thousand Indians had assembled at Claverach, on the east side, about three 
 miles inland, but he knows not with what intent. Now what this can mean, whether it be true 
 or not, we cannot determine, but in my opinion it looks somewhat like fiction. Meanwhile, 
 nothing else occurred. 
 
 16"" ditto. Two detachments were again in the field with the ploughmen, and an escort was 
 also down to the river side. They returned and nothing else happened. 
 
 IT"" ditto. Two detachments were again abroad with the ploughmen, and likewise one in 
 ambush and had another as an escort to the river side. Nothing occurred to-day. An Ordinance 
 was, this day, drawn up by the Council of War for the soldiers at the Redoubt and posted there. 
 It reads as follows : 
 
 Oedinanoe made;^bt the Capt. Lieutenant and valiant Council op Wak com- 
 manding THE military TEOOPS AT WiLDWYCK, AND DEPENDENCIES, FOE THE MILI- 
 TARY stationed at PEESENT AT THE ReDOUBT. 
 
 Wheeeas by daily experience we learn that some remove from the Redoiibt to the village of 
 Wildwyck without the consent or order of the Capt. Lieutenant or other oflicers, the Capt. Lieu- 
 tenant and valiant Council of War, therefore, wishing to prevent all irregularities and infractions 
 of military discipline herein order and direct the officer and the military under his command sta- 
 tioned at the Redoubt, not to remove himself, from tlie Redoiibt, much less to send any of his 
 command hither to the village of Wildioyck without proper consent of the Capt. Lieutenant or 
 or other Commander who represents him for the time, nor without being accompanied by a proper 
 
Nero York Historical Mecords. " 347 
 
 escort on pain of being arbitrarily punished by Court Martial. Thus done by the Capt. Lieu- 
 tenant and vahant Council of War m the fortress Wildwyck the 17"' 8''", 1663." 
 
 18'" ditto. Received an answer from the Court of this village to the order sent to them the 
 15"' October, respecting tiie non-repair of the fortress WUdwyck. It reads as follows: 
 
 '■ The W. Court having read the oider dated tlie IS"* 8^'", sent liither by the Capt. Lieutenant 
 to the W. Court, which is therein requested to repair and renew the palisades of this village of 
 Wildvji/ok, so that the same may bo in a state of defence, the W. Court finds that necessity re- 
 quires that this village be properly secui-ed and protected by setting up of good palisades ; the W. 
 Court, therefore, orders and directs that each farmer shall duely set up and repair the old, \\ith 
 new, palisades in front of his lot ; and the others, being inhabitants or Burghers occupying 34 
 lots in this village, shall bo obliged properly to repair and sent up new palisades in place of the 
 old, from the water gate along the curtains unto the lot of Are7ii Pietersen Tack, the new pali- 
 sades being at least two feet in circumference, but the thicker the better, and 13 feet in length, 
 according to the circumstances of the case to be determined by the W. Court. This renewal and 
 setting up shall commonce next Monday, being the 22'' October. Wherefore every inhabitant is 
 hereby notified to appear at 7 o'clock on the day aforesaid, at the gate near Hendrick Joehem- 
 sdM'i, there, as his name is called, to proceed to work aforesaid, and to continue at it until the 
 same shall be completed, on pain, in case of neglect or unwillingness, of paying for the first 
 offence three giniders ; for the second offence double as much, and so on adding three guilders. 
 Thus done at the Court of the Sheriff and Commissaries of this village Wildwyck, this 16"" Oc- 
 tober, 1663. (Under written) By order of the Sheriff and Commissaries aforesaid. (Signed) 
 MATrHEUs Capito, Secretary. 
 
 Two detachments were out in the field to-day with the ploughmen, and one at the Reduuht 
 by the river side. Nothing else was done to-day. 
 
 19'" ditto. Two detachments were out again with the ploughmen, and one to the river side ; 
 a party was, also, in ambush to make some discovery ; but did not see any thing. 
 
 20"" ditto. Three detachments were out in the field again with the ploughmen, and one in 
 ambush, but did not remark any thing. An escort was also down to the riverside at the Redoubt. 
 
 21" ditto. Sunday ; nothing occurred. 
 
 22'' ditto. Three detachments were again out with the ploughmen, and one in ambush us 
 scouting. An escort was likewise sent down to the river side; they did not see any thing. 
 
 23'' ditto. Three detachments were again out with the ploughmen, but saw nothing. 
 
 24'" ditto. Two parties were again out in the field with the ploughmen, and I was until even- 
 ing with a party in ambush, but did not perceive any thing. 
 
 25"" ditto. Two escorts were again in the field with the ploughmen, and one to the river side. 
 Nothing happened. 
 
 26"' ditto. An escort was in the woods with those cutting p:disades, and another party was 
 was m ambush, but saw nothing. 
 
 27"' ditto. An escort was in the field with the ploughmen, and one in ambush, and another 
 to the river side. Nothing else was done. 
 
 28'" ditto. Sunday. Nothing occurred. 
 
 29"" ditto. Two parties were out ; one with the wood cutt('rs, tlie other in ambush — but saw 
 nothing. 
 
 30'" ditto. A detachment was in the woods with those cutting palisades, and a party to the 
 river side, and also a troop in the woods scouting ; did not see any thing. 
 
348 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 3P' ditto. Gerrit Abel was tried before the Valiant Court Martial for his offence committed 
 on the 29"" October and is sentenced by the Court as follows : 
 
 " Whekeas Gerret Abel being in command at the Redoubt, hath in contravention to the ordi- 
 nance dated 17'" 8""' enacted by the Valiant Council of War and posted at the Redoubt, proceeded 
 to the village of Wildwyck on last Monday, the 29"' October, without leave, escort or any neces- 
 sary business, but merely to get drunk, as actually happened, which being notified to the Capt. 
 Lieutenant, he caused liim to be placed under arrest, and to be ti'ied this day, 3P' October, before 
 the Valiant Court Martial and prosecuted for this his committed offence, for which the Capt Lieu- 
 tenant demands the Valiant Council of War duly to punish the accused Gerret Abel. 
 
 " The accused gave as an excuse for his coming here to Wildwyck that he wanted to get a 
 skepel of wheat ground, and as it could not be immediately ground for him, he was to a friend's 
 with wliora he drank half a pint. And the accused having heard tlie charge aforesaid, acknowl- 
 edges to have transgressed the ordinance above mentioned, and supplicates herein, not justice, 
 but mercy. 
 
 "The Valiant Council of War having maturely considered this matter; that a soldier and 
 more especially one wlio is in- command over others hath deserved punishment for his committed 
 offence according to the complaint and confession ; seeing that tlie prisoner's excuse hath no 
 foundation, sentence the accused Gerret Abel, to be dismissed from his post of Cadet {Adelborst) 
 and to be reduced to the ranks {Scldldergastendienst te doen) at 8fl. per month, and to remain at 
 the Redoubt until further orders, he Gerret Abel being unfit to perform the duty of Cadet. Done 
 at Wildwyck tlie 31*" October, 1663. (Subscribed) Marten Ceegier, Chkistiaen Niessen, 
 Thomas Chambees, Evbet Willem Munnick, Jan Peeesen, Jonas Rantson." 
 
 Same day, a detachment was out in tlie woods with the wood cutters and one in ambush 
 scouting, but they did not see any thing. 
 
 November the l^'. A party was in ambush, and a detachment witli the wood cutters ; saw 
 nothing. 
 
 2°'' ditto. A detachment was out witli the wood cutters and another in ambush to scout. 
 
 3° ditto. A detachment was down at the river side to carry rations to the people at the 
 Redoid>t, and another party was at the Great Plot, but did not notice any thing. 
 
 4'" ditto. Sunday. Nothing done. 
 
 5'" ditto. An escort was down to the river side to bring up some supplies and people that 
 had arrived from the Manhatans in Lucasseii's yacht, they being freemen belonging to Wild- 
 wyck. A party was also out in the bush with the wood cutters. Nothing else happened. 
 
 C"' ditto. Ordered two soldiers to accompany Ar'ent Moesinan to Beeren island near Fort 
 Orange.* An escort was also to the river side and being near the Redoubt lay there in ambush 
 until the evening, but saw nothing. Another party 25 in number was at the Great Plot ; tliey 
 returned in the evening, without having remarked any thing. 
 
 T"* ditto ; "Wednesday. This being a day of Prayer (Bededag) nothing was done. In the 
 evening Pieter Wolfertsen arrived at the Redoubt with Rut Jacobseii's yacht ; brought with him two 
 Christian children which he had in exchange from the Esopus Indians for a Squaw with a big 
 girl ; brought back the other Indian prisoners ; brought also the Wappinger Sachem whom 
 Couwenhoven had detained in the yacht ; says a Christian woman is kept a prisoner by the Wap- 
 pingers, and that he had detained the chief in her stead until they should surrender the Christian 
 woman. Nothing else occurred. Sent an escort to the river side to bring up the two captive 
 children. Couwenhoven said that he has concluded a ten day's truce with the Esopus Sachem. 
 * This island is opposite Coeymans. — O'C. 
 
Neio York I/iston'cal Jieeonls. 349 
 
 8'" ditto. Have been, myself, with an escoit to tlie river side to Ijriiig iij) to WiMwyck the 
 Ewpus Indian prisoners & tlie children with the Wajjjnnycr Iiidiati rajitivc, l)eing in all 9 in 
 number. On arriving at the shore, found tlio Wapjmxj,)' chief and alsu one uf his Indians on 
 board RiitJacobsert.s yacht. Asked Lieutenant Vouwcnhoven, what were these two Indians for? 
 Said it was the Sachem of the Wapjmujas with one of i\is Indians whom he iiad brought along 
 but not as a prisoner — had come wilhngly on ijoard as a friend. Asked him, If lie would wish 
 to return home and endeavor to let ns have the female Christian captive i To which he answered, 
 yes; says, he will bring her himself in six or seven days. Whereupon the Council of War 
 decided that he and the Indian with him, should be released, and as they were at present our 
 friends and had renewed peace we promised him if he brought back the Chi'istian woman we 
 should then let his brother go together with another prisoner. Wheieunto he said, ' Tis well ; 
 gave him a bark canoe »& let him go. Nothing else happened to-day as it rained unceasingly. 
 
 9'" ditto. It still rained considerably. Sent an escort to the river side ; J^ul Jacobsen sailed 
 with his yacht for Fort Orange. Nothing else happened. 
 
 10"' ditto. A detachment was out with the wood cutters ; nothing elsed occurred. 
 
 11"' ditto. Sunday, nothing was done except sending a party to the river side with bread 
 for the people in the Redoubt. 
 
 12"' ditto. A detachment was out in the bush witli the woodcutters. Nothing else tran- 
 sjiired. 
 
 13"' ditto. The Company's yacht arrived ; brings some provisions for the garrison ; also arrived 
 at the Redoubt a Wappinger Sachem with eight Indians, bringing a female Christian captive 
 whom he had purchased from the Esopua Indians and which he had promised us on the 8"' 
 inst. on board Rut Jacobson^s yacht. The Council of War resolved that he and his attending 
 Indians should be brought up to WUdwijeh ; they were accordingly conducted up by Lieutenant 
 Couwenhoven and Captain Thomas Chambers and brought to Wildwyck. Sent for him to the 
 Council of War and asked, what he had to communicate ? He answered, I am come to perform 
 my promise which I gave on board the yacht at the Redoubt, to bring in the Christian woman 
 whom I bought from the Esopus Scpiaw, and I bring and present her to you now, because we 
 are both friends. Whereupon we thanked him and said, that we should speak together on the 
 morrow. Lodged them in Capt. Chambers house and had food furnished them. Meanwhile a 
 detachment went down to the river side. Otherwise nothing occurred to-day. 
 
 14"' ditto. The Council of War met again and resolved to release the TFa/^j^/wyt'?' Indian, 
 and to give him back to the Chief with one of the Esopus captive Squaws, pursuant to our pre- 
 vious promise, made on the eighth of November to the Wajjpinger chief, on board the yacht at 
 the Redoubt. Invited the chief and his Indians into the Council chamber and presented him the 
 Esopus Squaw and a little sucking infant, which they took ; presented him also with two pieces 
 of cloth in token of friendship. The chief then requested that we should live with him in friend- 
 ship, which should be preserved by him. He gave us, in token thereof, a bow and arrow and said, 
 I will not make war against the Dutch, but live in peace with them. We promised him likewise ; 
 gave each other the hand, and the said chief promised us to do his best to obtain back for us all 
 the ])risoners from the Esopns Indians that a mutual exchange should be made ; for to morrow 
 being Thuisday, the Esopus Sachem would then come with the prisoners according to the promise 
 he gave Lieutenant Couwenhoven and the provisional truce agreed upon for ten days with liim, 
 for he had promised to fetch the Christian prisoners to the Redoubt in the space of ten day.s, to 
 be then exchanged one for the other. Now, what the result will be, when the ten days are 
 expired, time will tell So they again departed well satisfied. Gave them an escort to conduct 
 
350 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson Rivev. 
 
 them to the river side, and the Council resolved that the sloop shall remain until the expiration 
 of the time agreed upon between Lieutenant Couwenhoven and the Esopus Sachem on the S"" 
 November, on board the sloop in the Wappinger Creek, to wit : that the Esopus chief should 
 bring up all the Christian prisoners to the Eedoubt to exchange them then, one for another, 
 whereupon a ten days' truce was mutually agreed to. A soldier named Jurien Helm died to-day. 
 An escort was also down to the river side. Nothing else occurred to-day. 
 
 15'" ditto. A vessel arrived from Fort Orange with cattle; sent a convoy to tlie river side. 
 Nothing else happened. 
 
 16'" ditto. Another detaclnnent was down to the river. A yacht bound for the Manliatans 
 arrived from Fort Orange to-day. Nothing else occurred. 
 
 17'" ditto. Arranged every thing in order and departed with some of the Military for the 
 Manhatans leaving in Wildwyck about sixty soldiers under tiie cominand of Ensign Christiaen 
 Niessen* 
 
 18'" Sunday. After Capt Lieutenant Martin Oreyiers departure yesterday, Jan Hendrick- 
 sen Van Baal came the fourth person up to Wildwyck. He arrived from tlie Manhatans in M^ 
 Alymhatn^ s** yacht and reported that two Dutchmen were killed by the savages between Gem- 
 onapa\ and the maize land. Had them escorted, on their return, to the river side Nothing else 
 occurred. 
 
 19'" ditto. Sent another party to the Redoubt and had provisions brought up. Discharged 
 one man at the Redoubt and sent two others thither; also, distributed powder to the men, half 
 a pound to each. Notiiing else done. 
 
 20'" ditto. Sent a detachment to tlie woods to draw out timber. This was all that occurred. 
 
 21^' ditto. Nothing happened. 
 
 22" ditto. Sent a detachment to the river side. Otherwise nothing occurred. 
 
 23" ditto The only thing done to-day was to send another party to the river side with 
 grain. 
 
 24'" ditto The yachts of lieyndert Pieterson and the Spaniard arrived at the Redoubt ; 
 sent an escort thither No other occurrence took place. 
 
 25'" ditto. Simday. Nothing happened. 
 
 26'" ditto. Sent down an escort to the river side to fetch up the Hon"'" Company's sup- 
 plies. No other circumstance occurred. 
 
 27'" ditto. Sent another convoy to the river side to take down grain. Otherwise noth- 
 ing happened. 
 
 28'" ditto. About one o'clock in the afternoon a Wappinger Indian came to Wildwyck with 
 a flag of truce; reports that a Wappinger ^aahem lay at the river side near the Redoubt with 
 venison and wished to have a wagon to convey the venison up for sale, which vras refused. The 
 said Indian told me that the Sachem had not much to say ; added further, that the Ilackingsack 
 Indians had represented that four of the Esopus Indians, prisoners in our hands, had died. 
 Whereupon the Indian prisoners were brouglit out to the gate to him, to prove to him that they 
 were still living and well. Sent him down immediately to his Sachem at the river side, to say to 
 him that we should come to him to-morrow. 
 
 29'" ditto. At day break had notice given that tliose who were desirous of purchasing 
 venison from the Indians should go along with the escort to the river side. Accompanied the 
 
 *That part of the Journal between asterisks is by Ensign Niesseu.— O'C. 
 
 ** Abraham Staats . 
 
 t Now Communipaw N. J. 
 
 I 
 
Netv York HiMoriml Records. 351 
 
 detachment to the shore and conversed with tlie Saclioin in the presence of Capt Thomas Chnin- 
 hers and Sergeant Jan Peersen. He said, he had been to receive tlie Christian prisoners and 
 should have had them with us before, liad he not unfortunately buint himselt in his sleep when 
 lying before the fire ; shewed us his buttock with the mark of the burn which was very large ; 
 Also said, that six Christian captives were together at the river side, and gave ten fathom of 
 Sewan to another Indian to look up the seventh Christian who is Albert JJeymari's oldest daugh- 
 ter, promising us positively that he should restore all tiie Christian prisoners to us in the course 
 of three days, provided it did not blow too hard from the North ; otherwise, he could not come 
 before the fom-th day. We, then, parted after he had, meanwhile, sold his venison. He left 
 immediately in his canoe. 
 
 30"". Sent an escort to the ri\er side with grain. Nothing else occurred. 
 
 1'' December. The only circumstance that happened to-day was the sending away the three 
 Indians with a letter to the Ilon''''^ Ilcer Director-General and Council of Neio-Netherland, to 
 whom the following was written in haste. 
 
 "Noble,. Respected, Right honorable, Wise, Prudent and most discreet Lords- 
 
 " To be brief, we could not omit advising Your Honours that three Indians arrived liere yes- 
 terday, being come, as they said, from the Manhatans, with an open letter, being a pass not to 
 commit any hostility against their people to this date. But we cannot determine what sinister 
 design these Indians may have recourse to under cover of this pass. We maintain that such and 
 other Indians resort here with such passes, to spy out this our place. Meanwhile, we being on 
 our guard, placed sentinels everywhere before them, to prevent them passing through the village 
 to examine and pry into it, as they are strongly inclined to do. In the meantime we inform your 
 Honours that on the day before yesterday the Wappinger Sachem came with venison to the Re- 
 doubt, and we have had a talk with liiin, and lie promised us, among other things, to bring us 
 hither all the Christian prisoners, within three or four days, according to the entries in our daily 
 journal which your Honors shall receive from us by the first Yacht. Done, Wikhvyck this first 
 December 16G3. (Was subscribed) Cheistiaen Niessen, Thomas Cuambers." 
 
 2^ ditto. Sunday. Nothing happened, e.xcept that on account of the hard frost, I requested 
 the skippers of the vessels to go down to the Redoubt to examine their Yachts which they con- 
 sented to do. In the afternoon, after the Sermon, sent a party to the shore to take down grain 
 and to put it on board. 
 
 3'^ ditto. The military Council liaving met, the following rcsfilution Avas adopted: — 
 
 " Ensign Christiaen Niessen proposes to send down, pursuant to despatches from the Hon'"'* 
 Director General and Council, the saddles, pistols, holsters and carbines, the best whereof was lelt 
 by Capt. Lieutenant Martin Cregier and remains with the Clerk, Mattheus Capito, as appears 
 also by letters from the Capt. Lieutenant aforesaid together with the tliroe metal guns and their 
 accoutrements as they were used in the field, and also one sail. 
 
 "The Military Council decided that it was impossible, in view of the approaching winter, to 
 send the articles down at present as here at Wddivyck we have no smith sufiiciently expert to 
 repair the arms, and as the Wapjnngers come almost daily under pretence of exchanging Christians, 
 to spy out this place which already hath suffered massacre enough, and consequently, if the arti- 
 cles in readiness were sent away (which would be publicly seen by other tribes of Indians) two 
 massacres (which God forbid !) may occur through M'ant of all adequate means, save God's Provi- 
 dence. 
 
 "2"'"^. The Ensign aforesaid moves, inasmuch as the setting out of the palisades is found 
 as yet to be for the greater part inadequate and not in accordance with the Capt. Lieutenant's 
 
352 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 request, and as in many places palisades have been removed from the curtains and not replaced by 
 others, much less attention paid to setting out the same, to the imminent ruin and destruction of 
 this village of Wildwyck, which God forfend ; and demands further that the inhabitants of 
 Wildwych may be notified by the W. Court to put the fort in a suitable state of defence within 
 the space of three days, and in default or neglect thereof, that he do it with the best means he 
 may at present find at hand, and demand repayment therefor when done from the W. Court at 
 Wildwyck. 
 
 " The Military Council unanimously resolved that for the due execution of said proposal, it 
 be forthwith communicated to the W. Court in Wildwyclc, and that they answer the same without 
 delay. (Signed) Thomas Chambers, Hendrick Jochems, Jan Peeksen, Evekt Pels, Jonas 
 Rantsou, Walean do Mono, Antonie delava." 
 
 Also, sent a convoy down in the morning with grain to the river side, which on returning 
 brought up the Wappinger Sachem and his wife, and SpUtnose, the Indian last taken by us. 
 Which Sachem brought with him two captive Christian children, stating to us that he could not, 
 pursuant to his previous promise of the 29"" Novomber, bring along with him the remainder, 
 being still five Christian captives, because three were at their hunting grounds, and he could not 
 find them, but that another Indian was out looking for them ; the two others are in his vicinity, 
 the Squaw who keeps them prisoner will not let them go, because she is very sick and hath no 
 children, and expects soon to die ; and when he can get Albert Ideymaix's oldest daughter, who is 
 also at the hunting ground, and whom he hath already purchased and paid for ; then he shall 
 bring the remainder of the Christian captives along. For the two Christian children which he 
 hath brought with him, an Indian child is given him, being a little girl, and three pieces of cloth, 
 with which he was content. In the afternoon, Jeronimus Elihing, Nicolaes Meyer and Frederick 
 the Ilon'''^ Company's late carpenter, went down unescorted to the Redoidjt, with six wagon loads 
 of grain, not being willing to wait for the writings and letters which should be sent 'hj them to 
 the Heeren Director General and Council of N. Netherland ; and the Skipper Lucas Andriessen, 
 also, said that he would not wait for the Director General's nor any man's letters but be off, as the 
 wind was fair.* 
 
 IS"" ditto. About three o'clock in the afternoon we started from the Manhaians ior the 
 Esopv,s in the Hon'''* Company's Yacht, with a W. S west wind ; arrived that night at Ta\^ppan-\ 
 hook, where we cast anchor as it was calm and the ebb was running against us. 
 
 20"" ditto. Weighed anchor about eight o'clock and drifted upward with the flood, but about 
 10 o'clock the wind came up from the north — so that we could make sail and weathered the High- 
 land to-day, where we came to anchor anew, as the flood was again gone ; saw an Indian paddle 
 across the river in a canoe, but he was a full half mile from us. Nothing else occurred to-day. 
 
 21''^ ditto. The flood set in about two hours before day ; ran through the Highlanch ; having 
 got through which, we caught a southern breeze but at day break it became calm again ; so ran 
 by the Earner and arrived this night about 10 o'clock at the mouth of the Esopits Kill. Des- 
 patched a man up with a note to Ensign JVyssen to send down some wagons in the morning with 
 an escort to convey up the Hon''"' Company's supplies which were sent for the garrison. 
 
 22d*. About 9 o'clock the escort arrived at the beach with the wagons ; entered the Kill with 
 the yacht in order to discharge the goods ; remained this night in the Eill in front of the liedouU ; 
 it froze during the night so hard that the yacht was hemmed in by the ice ; arrived at Wildwyck 
 about noon ; sent a convoy to haul stone. 
 
 » Capt. Cregier now resumes and concludes the Journal.— O'C. 
 
2\etv York Historical Records. 353 
 
 23* ditto. Sunday. No business. 
 
 24"' ditto. Monday. Assembled the Sheriff and Commissaries of the vilbige Wihlvyck 
 and handed them the letter sent to them by the lion'''" Director-General and Council and dis- 
 charged Sheria Swartwout from his office and put [Mattheus Capito] provisionally in liis place 
 and presented hini to the Court of Wildwyck according to order, whom the said Connnissaiiis 
 congratulated and were well pleased with ; they promised honestly to obey what the Ileer Direc- 
 tor-General and Council have been pleased to order. A party was sent to the Great Plot to cut 
 oats which happened to be late in ripening, as an opportunity now presented to cut it and draw 
 it home. The farmers thrashed some of it also, and the viJ7n [a hundred and four sheafs] \)\-o- 
 duced five skepels of clean oats. 
 
 25"" ditto. Tuesday. Nothing happened except i\mt Reynije Pietcrs came from the river 
 side : he informs us the Icill at the Eedoubt was still fast. 
 
 26"' ditto. No occurrence. 
 
 27"' ditto. A party was out on the Great Plot hauling stone ; nothing else occurred. 
 
 28"" ditto. The Captain and Lieutenant of the Burghery of Wlltwyck requested to have a 
 drum according to the promise given them by the Ileer General. By permission of the Military 
 Council a drum and appurtenances were given to the officers of the burghery of Wildwyck. A 
 party was down to the river side to see if circumstances would admit of the sloop leaving the 
 kill. The party returned and stated that there was no way as yet to go out of the kill. 
 
 28'". The officers of the Burghery presented a petition; it reads as follows: — "We the 
 undersigned, Tomas Chariibrets Captain and Ilendrick Jochems, Lieutenant of the Burghery in 
 Wildwyck, hereby request the Hon*"" Valiant Ileer Marten Kregier, Cap' Lieutenant to be pleased 
 to furnish a keg of gunpowder with lead in proportion on the village account, to be distributed 
 and used in time of need for the safety of this place, and we await your Hon" favorable answer. 
 Done Wiltwyck this 28"' Xber 1603. (Signed) Tomas Chasibres, Hendrick. Jochems. The 
 answer thereto is as follows — Petitioners' request is granted. "Whenever they require it at the 
 public expense or for their own defence, it shall be furnished them from the Hon""" Company's 
 Magazine by the officer who will be here. Done, Wiltwyck this 28"' December, 1663. 
 
 29"' ditto. The Military Council resolved to issue an Ordinance against the gunners who 
 usually run about firing on New Year's day or night, which was also published and affixed. It 
 reads as follows : — 
 
 " "Whekeas we find by Experience that some persons presume from year to 3'ear to discharge 
 guns on the day of the new incoming year thus wasting powder unprofitably both in the morning 
 and throughout the day and sometimes to the great danger of each other and to their own de- 
 struction, both in wounding or destroying their own persons which frequently occurs there from •, 
 and whereas there are here many ricks and barns full of grain and straw, and as great disorder 
 and rashness prevail in many places especially on this day, both in the moniing and throughout 
 the day, by firing of guns which is practised and prevails more particularly in this place on the 
 above mentioned New Year's day. Therefore the Captain Lieutenant and valiant Council of 
 "War order and forbid all persons whom it may concera that no one shall presume on New Year's 
 day, being the first of January to discharge any gun or other fire arms in front of any houses or 
 any other places where it is not absolutely necessary, unless for some ajiproaching enemies, and 
 that under the penalty of six guilders for each shot fired by the person. Both the Sheriff" and 
 military officers are ordered to pay strict attention hereunto so that this our order may be duly 
 obeyed. Thus done and enacted by the Captain Lieutenant and "Valiant Council of "War in Fort 
 Wiltwick this 2U"' X"'-' 1663." 
 45 
 
354 Colonial Settlements on the Hudnon Rimr. 
 
 Have been down with a party to the river side to bring away the guns and other munitions 
 of war. Nothing else occurred. 
 
 30"". Sunday. Notlung done as it rained ahnost the entire day and the Kill became again 
 open. 
 
 31"'. Left the Esopus again in the Hon''"' Company's Yacht for the Manhatans, the wind 
 Southerly. Weathered the Long Reach where we came to anchor in the night about twelve 
 o'clock. 
 
 1664. 1st January. The wind continuing southerly, tacked to-day as far as the entrance of 
 the Highlands where we anchored about 9 o'clock in the evening ; the flood being spent weighed 
 anchor and passed through the Highlands where we again cast anchor. 
 
 2''. Weighed anchor again, and drifted with the ebb as far down as Tappaen. 
 
 3''. Having weighed anchor agiiin, drifted down anew with the ebb to the end of Manhat- 
 ans island, where we made sail about 8* o'clock in the morning, the wind being westerly, and 
 arrived about twelve o'clock at the Manhatans. 
 
 Maktin Kkegiee. 
 
 Letter from Ensign Niessbn at the Esopcs to Director Stutvesant ; depakt- 
 CRB OF Capt. Crfxsier; great sickness on the Esopus. 
 
 Noble, Honorable, Very Worshipful, Wise, Prudent and Very Discreet Gentlemen. 
 
 Your Hon"'* Woi-ships' favor of the 29"' of December last has come to hand and its contents 
 are well understood. 1 have to say in answer, that Captain Lieutenant Marten Cregier left here 
 in the Hon''"' Company's yacht on the 31" of December, taking with him 7 soldiers from the gar- 
 rison, in place of which one remained here. There are many sick here among the military as 
 well as tlie inhabitants of a strange disease. In case your Hon'''" Worships should be pleased to 
 send here further orders by a savage for the return of soldiers overland to the Manhatans, then 
 I shall obey it, but as some have now already gone down with the Captain Lieutenant and some 
 are sick liere, I do not clearly understand your Hon*''* Worships' order, whether some more 
 soldiers shall go overland to the Manhatans. The letters sent to me shall be dispatched immedi- 
 ately to Foi't Orange Avith two Dutchmen. I could not find savages here to employ on such an 
 errand. The letters were brought by two savages, one called Ilastang, the other Wamassaan, a 
 Wap>pin.ger, as he says, who came in place of the dispatched savage Neskabetssin. We find that 
 this Wamassaan has had part in the murder here, he took prisoner the son of DericTc Jocliemsen. 
 Meanwhile we shall be on our guard as much as possible. Closing with sincere salutations I com- 
 mend your Hon*"" Worships to the protection of God Almiglity. Actum at WiltipycJc, 4"" 
 January Anno 1664. 
 
 Your Honorable Worships' 
 liumble and obedient servant 
 Christian Nyssen. 
 
 To their Honors, the Noble, nonorable, Very Worshipful, Wise, Prudent, Very Discreet Di- 
 rector-General and Council of New-Nctherland at Fort Amsterdam in New-Nctherlard. 
 
New York Historical liccords. 355 
 
 Lettee from Messes. La MoNXAfiNE and van Eenssklate to Dieectoe Stuyve- 
 sant; the Mohawks' ixpedition into Maine. 
 
 Honorable. Very AVorsliijjful DirectorGi'iicral and Coiuu-il of y<w-Neth,'rla7id. 
 
 On tlie 11"' and 12"' of last December a war-]iarty of Maquaea, SinneJcus and Onmdalces 
 came here from the Northern 6a^•ages, called Onojale, they passed through Iiere in detachments 
 . . . . and left without causing trouble or doing harm to any one. To our questions as to 
 their designs they told lis, that some of their men had been kille<l and wounded ; 20 had been 
 wounded of the Maquaes and Sinnekus and 30 or 40 of the Northern savages had been killed ; 
 besides these two of the Onojake have been , after they iiad together resolved outside 
 
 of the fort . . . . , they went out with presents, to negotiate with the Ilaquaen about a 
 peace; the 2[aquaes accepted it without however the consent of \\\>i S'uinekm ; therefore some 
 of the Sinnekus and Onmdakcs started and said to the Maquaes, We from the Oiiondake will go 
 and see, where the Northern savages live, to which the Maquaes answered. We have not resolved 
 to storm their castle, for it is strong and cannot be taken by us, but finally persuaded by the 8in- 
 nekus the Maquaes too went and attacked the castle by storm ; here they lost the greatest number 
 of their men. We hope to receive information from j'our Honors, liow matters stand with the 
 savages there and at the Esopus and with other people having evil designs against the province of 
 Ifew-Netherland, so that we may govern ourselves: we trust however that every thing is quiet. 
 Closing we hope that his Honor, the General, is again quite well and with wishes for a happy 
 New Year and our cordial greetings we commend your Honors to God's protection and remain 
 
 Your Honors' affectionate friends 
 Fort Orange La Montagne 
 
 the 8"" January 166-t. ■ Jeeemias van Rensselaer. 
 
 Your Honors, While closing this By order of the two 
 
 letter two soldiers arrived here from Courts of Fort Orange and 
 
 the Esopus with letters to private par- the Colony of Rensselaerswyck 
 
 ties from there as well as from the Johannes Peovoost Clerk 
 
 Manhatans. We hear that every thing D. V. Schelluyne Secre- 
 
 is well there, praise to God ! tary of the Colony, 
 
 Your Honors will please to despatch 1664. 
 
 again quickly the savage, who brings 
 this and to remember to pay liim as 
 reward a sailor's rug and 20 guilders in wampuin, 
 for he was engaged for the journey down and back 
 for 100 guilders in wampum or its value to his benefit. 
 
 Lettee feom Ensign Nyssen to Dieectoe Stuyvesant; the sickness at the 
 
 EsOl'US INCEEASES. 
 
 Noble, Honorable, Very Worshipful, Wise, Prudent, Very Discreet Gentlemen. 
 
 I cannot let this present chance by tlie savage messenger from F<yrt Orange pass by, without 
 informing your Hon"'" Worships, that our condition here has iiyt changed ; the disease here doe 
 
356 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 not diminish, but increases daily ; it is a strange disease ; but the Almighty's will be done. Mean- 
 while I commend your Hon'"'* Worships to God's protection and remain with cordial greetings 
 Actum WiltwycTc,, Your Hon"" Worships 
 
 the ll"" of January 1664. humble servant 
 
 Christian Nyssen. 
 
 To the Noble, Honorable, Very Worshipful, Wise, Prudent, Very Discreet Director-General 
 and Council of New-Netherland at Fort Amsterdam. 
 
 Extract from a Letter of Director Stdyvesant to the courts of Fort 
 Orange and Rensselaerswyck ; the Mohawks' losses in Maine ; the dis- 
 persing OF the Esopus Indians, 21^^ January 1664. 
 
 Honorable, Prudent and Very Discreet Gentlemen. 
 
 Your Honors' favor of the 8"" inst. has been duly received on the 17"" ; we note from it 
 especially the bad success of the Maquaea and Sinnekus against their enemies, the Northern 
 savages. It must be presumed, that they liave lost more men than they say or try to make your 
 Honors believe ; the rumor here was, that the Maquaes and Sinnekus had lost about 2 or 3 hun- 
 dred. God may give his blessing and grace, that your Honors may remain unmolested by the 
 war-parties there ; the worst of this war is, that we can expect only little trade, as long as this 
 war between the natives lasts and it would be therefore best to pacify them by intervention. 
 
 We could not hear or leani anything from the Esopus savages for a long time, except that 
 they are scattered here and there among other tribes, who have to support them, for they have 
 nothing to eat, their corn is ruined ; one of their chiefs has been at Hackinghsacky and through 
 the chief there and the chiefs of Staten-Island has most instantly asked for peace promising to 
 return the few Christian prisoners, still among them, within two months. We have granted him 
 an annistice for that time. If in the meantime your Honors could learn something about their 
 situation and disposition through others, please to inform us in due time. 
 
 Ordinance erecting a Court op Justice for Staten-Island, passed 28'"' January 1664. 
 (Laws of New-Netherland, p. 458.) 
 
 Council-Minute. Order for the construction of a redoubt in the Newesinghs. 
 
 28"" January. 
 
 It having been stated, that the rumors are still current, according to which the English from 
 Grwoesend and some other vagabonds intend to go to the Newesinghs early in the spring and take 
 
New York Historical Records. .Sf)? 
 
 possession of the land there, the Director-General and Council have resolved, to send there a 
 party by the first convenient opportunity and favorable weather, who is to look up the situation 
 and conveniences and choose a proper place to build a redoubt or a block house and garrison it 
 (as far as circumstances will allow), at least until further advices from the Fatherland. Adij ut 
 supra. 
 
 P. Stuyvesant. 
 
 NiCASIUS DE SiLLE. 
 C. V. KUY^^EN. 
 
 Petition of Roeloff Swartwout to he reinstateo in his office as Scnoirr at 
 
 WiLTWYCK AND ORDER GRANTING IT. 
 
 14"" February To the Noble, Very "Worshi})ful, 
 
 Honorable Director-General 
 and Council of New-Neiher- 
 land. 
 
 Shows with all humility Roeloff Swartwout, who has served as Schout in the village of Wilt- 
 wyck on the great Esop^iH, but was suspended for reasons by your Honorable Worships, that he, 
 the petitioner, has before now informed your Hon''''' Worships by an humble petition, that he had 
 been induced by fair words, persuasions and impositions to sign a certain document, known to 
 your Hon''"= Worships and whereas the petitioner after further thinking of it perceives, that by 
 signing the same officially he has made a grave mistake, which he regrets from the bottom of his 
 heart to have done, and that on accoimt of it he may get into difficulties, unless he is pardoned by 
 your Honorable Worships' special grace, therefore he, the petitioner, humbly turns to your Hon'"''' 
 Worsliips praying and requesting that your Hon''''' Worshi])s will first please to consider, that the 
 said error of signing was not committed by the petitioner intentionally, but through credulousness 
 and upon persuasion, while he confesses, that he could not distinguish the office of an executive 
 officer from that of a Commissary ; on the other side your Hon*''" Worships will please to take into 
 consideration, that the petitioner, (it is said without boasting) has heretofore never forgotten 
 himself, but has always acted honestly and piously ; thirdly your Hon'''' Worships' attention is 
 called to the fact, that the petitioner is burdened with a wife and eight small children and has 
 performed the Schout's duties all through the war and the troubles on the Esopus, hoping, that 
 some time after the end of these troubles the place would increase in wealth and population and 
 that he would reap more profit and advantages from his office as Schout than heretofore; he, the 
 petitioner, has employed and consumed all his little means and if your Hon'"'"' Worships should 
 resolve to dismiss him from the place, which he trusts will not be done, he would be reduced to 
 jioverty, misery and hardship. Whereas the petitioner really needs and requires the emoluments 
 and profits of the said Schout's office, to support his large family and to protect and maintain 
 honorably his little property, therefore he very humbly prays and requests, that your Hon'''"' 
 Worships will please to pity and commiserate him and pardon his aforesaid error with special 
 grace, reinstating the petitioner in his fomier position as Schout and giving him a letter of jjardon 
 in optijnd forma, while he, the petitioner, promises to serve as Schout honestly and faithfully, 
 with due regard and obedience to his superiors and courtesy, urbanity, modesty, temperateness and 
 simplicity towards the inhabitants there. He hopes to perform henceforth his aforesaid duties in 
 
358 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Biich a manner, that your Hon''"' Worships will not only have reasou to continue him, but also to 
 promote him. Which domg he remains 
 
 Tour Koble, Worshipful Honors' 
 humble subject 
 
 EOELOFF SwARTtt'OUT. 
 
 The Director-General and Council of New-Netherland received and read the hnmble petition 
 of liudoff Swartwout, who has served as Schout in the village of Wiltwyck and was suspended 
 for reasons, as he confesses, that he has made a grave mistake by not obeying the orders of the 
 Director General and Council and regrets having done bo, asking that the error committed by 
 him might be forgiven ; therefore, although the unfitness of the said Roeloff Swartwout to act 
 as Schout to the advantage of the Hon'''* Company and the good inhabitants has several times 
 become apparent, the Director-General and Council graciously forgive this time, in the hope of 
 amendment, the committed error and reinstate the said Swartwout into the oftice of Schout. 
 
 Actum J^ort Amsterdam in New-Netherland, the 14"" February A" 1664. 
 
 I 
 
 MiNnTp:8 OF Council. Complaint of a Tappaan Indian against Jacob Wolphert- 
 
 SEN VAN COCWENHOVEN FOR NOT (JIVING UP HIS GUN, PAWNED FOR LIQUOR. ThE 
 
 Newesinghs land and the English. 
 16"^ February, Saturday (1664). 
 
 Present in Council his !Noble Honor, the Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant, the Hon"'" 
 Fiscal Nicasius de Sille and Captain Lieutenant Marten Cregier. 
 
 Unsichan, a savage from Tappaan, complains that he bought from Jacob Wolphertsen and 
 his wife 3^ cans of brandy in the month of September, for which he paid in wampum and that 
 afterwards he bought again from tlic said Wolphertsen 1| cans of brandy, but as he then had no 
 wampum he left his gun in pawn with the Couivenhovens. Coming later to -pay for the brandy 
 and take his gun, he was told, that another savage had come and fetched it. 
 
 llastangh, a Hachingh savage, declares, that Pojpemoor, one of the Newesingh Sachems, 
 has been at Gravesend 10 days ago and said there to the English, he did not want to sell the 
 Newesingh lands to the Dutch of the Manhatans, but would sell it to the English, whereupon 
 the English gave him a roll of tobacco. 
 
 The Director-General and Council take up again the resolution of the 28"" of January, con- 
 cerning the occupation of the Newesingh country and find it necessary to carry the same into 
 effect, because the rumors still continue, that some Englishmen have made up their minds, to 
 settle there ; to send the yacht there, if the weather is favorable next Monday, for the purpose 
 of selecting a good place and then to send 20 or 24 men there, who shall take possession of it. 
 Adij ut supra. 
 
 Letter from Director Stuyves ant to the Magistrates at Wiltwyck; restora- 
 tion OF Sheriff Swartwout ; recall of the military ; Indian affairs. 
 
 Honorable, Beloved, Faithful friends. 
 Tills letter serves above all as a safe-conduct for tlie bearer Roeloff Simrtwout, whom wo 
 have again appointed to his former position he having made his submission and for other reasons. 
 
Neio York Ilistoricul Meconls. r,59 
 
 You will therefore accept and recognize liiiu us Leforo.ind assist liini in c\ery way in the execu- 
 tion of liis duties, as it is proper. 
 
 The public service, which has always the precedence of private affairs, requires the recall to 
 this place of 30 or 40 soldiers, whom we therefore expect without delay by the yacht specially 
 sent for them. As there is no peace concluded yet with the savages, for which we have never- 
 theless good hopes and as they are savage, barbarous people upon whose word little or almost no 
 i-eliance can be placed, as yon have felt to your damage 2 or 3 times, we must recommend you, to 
 keep a good watch with your inhabitants and the few remaining soldiers and not to trust any 
 savage, much less allow them to come into the settlements, except perhaps one or two and as soon 
 as they are inside the gates, they must be taken into one or the other house and remain there until 
 their departure, so that they arc not allowed to inspect the place or discover the strength of the 
 military. As it is further not our intention, to place the village and its inhabitants again in danger, 
 but in case no peace is made to assist you again with some military, we shall leave it to the better 
 information of our Commandant and yourselves, whether it is not best to carry no grain to the 
 Eedoubt until further orders, wliich shall be sent immediately after expiration of the armistice 
 and the return of the yachts. We await hereupon your earliest possible advice and answer, and 
 in that reliance we remain etc^. 
 18'" February. 
 
 Letter from tue same to Ensign N"yssen at the Esoptis ; orders to send 
 DOWN SOLDIERS ; Indian affairs. 
 Honorable, Valiant Sir. . 
 These few lines serve as cover for the enclosed list, according to which you will send down 
 the men named therein upon receipt of it. If the yacht is prevented by ice from coming into 
 the Kil, then you must send them overland to where the yacht lies with their empty bed ticks 
 and a blanket for every one ; their remaining movables and baggage to follow by the next yacht 
 01- jierhaps It may remain there until further orders. We have recommended to the Commissaries, 
 that the inhabitants and the few remaining soldiers shall keep good watch and not let any savages 
 come into the settlements, anyway never more than 2 or 3 and to take these, as soon as they enter 
 the fort, into one or the other house and keep them there until their departure. We have also 
 referred it to tlieir opinion and recommended not to convey any grain to the Redouht, until vdu and 
 they shall have received further orders from us, as to tlie result of the armistice, wliich yon will 
 know by the very first opportunity, at the latest by the return of this yacht. You arc meanwliile 
 charged to be well on your guard and to keep good watch, wherewith etc". 
 18'" February 1664. 
 
 On account of the sudden frost, the foregoing letter has been brought 
 To Ensign Niesen. back, as the yacht could not get in the Esopus for the ice. 
 
 MmuTE OF Council, that Samuel Edsal had employed four men on his farm 
 AT Bergen. Order appointing trustees for an estate at Nooutwyck. 
 
 21" February, Thursday. 
 
 Present in Council, the Hon"'" Director-General Petrus Stuyvemnt and Fiscal jVicimus de 
 Sille. 
 
360 Colonial Settlements on the Hudnon River. 
 
 The wife of Samuel Edsal produced an order from the Sellout of the village of Bergen, hy 
 which she was directed to send another man there. 
 
 It was ordered, as follows : 
 
 Our abovesaid friend appeared before our Secretary and declared, she had there four men 
 able to work on lier lands, namely the farmer and his servant and two soldiers on furlough. If it 
 is so, the Director-General and Council consent, that during her husband's absence she may go on 
 with them, withoiit being troubled about sending any more men until her husband's return. 
 Adij ut supra. 
 
 Whereas in the newly commenced settlement of Noortwyck on the Northriver a farmer, 
 caWed Theimissen Basiiaensen irom . . has just died, who left a young son, by name of . . , 
 about 8 years old, the Director-General and Council of New-Netherland request and authorize 
 hereby Mr. Paulus Leendertsen van der Grist, present Burgomaster, and Mr. AUard Anthony, 
 ex-Burgoraaster of this City of Amsterdam and Co-Patroons of the said new settlement to act as 
 guardians and trustees for the aforesaid orphaned child and promote its welfare as much as possible, 
 also to take an inventory of the property of the said Theunissen Bastiaensen, if he left any, and 
 to use and dispose of it to the best advantage of the child, as it seem proper and expedient to 
 them. Thus done at Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherland, the 21"' February 1664. 
 
 Petition of the commissioners fob the ekection of a blockhouse at Bergen, to 
 
 HAVE certain ORDERS MADE BY THEM CONFIRMED AND ANSWER OF THE CoUNCIL. 
 
 Copy. To the Koble, Very Worshipful, 
 
 Honorable Director-General 
 and Council at Amsterdam, 
 in New-Netherland. 
 The community of the village of Bergen have unanimously decided, to erect for the main- 
 tenance and necessary protection of this village a blockhouse at each gate and in order to have it 
 undertaken and promoted with diligence the Hon''"' Court here has directed and authorized us, 
 the undersigned, to promote each in his quarter the work as much as possible and to take good 
 care of it. For the better prosecution of this much needed improvement we have ordered, that 
 the men, who absent themselves, shall pay part of the expenses and besides a fine of six guilders 
 for each day, on which they are absent, to which order we request your Hon"'" Worships' consent. 
 The community comjdaiiis also of Frederick Philippsen, who, it seems, has made an incorrect 
 report to your Hon'''" Worships. We refer ourselves to the statement of the bearer, who will 
 give your Ho..*''' Worsliips correct information and request that somebody may be hired here in his 
 place or sent here. The tenants are opposed to pay their share of the expenses of the new work, 
 although willing to assist in maintaining it, unless it is especially expressed and stipulated in their 
 contracts. We await hereupon your Hon"'* Worships' decision. (It was signed.) 
 
 Arent Loueens 
 Jacob Luby his mark 
 Harmen Edwards 
 
 LoURENS AnDRIESEN 
 
 Padlus Piktersen his mark 
 .Tan Swaen his mark 
 Jan Lubbkrtsen his mark. 
 
New York Hi sf or leal liecords. 361 
 
 The foregoing request having been received and read, it was decreed : 
 
 The Director-General and Council of New-Neiherlmul approve, praise and consent to the 
 enclosed resolution and order; they therefore command all, whom it may concern, to "-overn 
 themselves accordingly under the penalty fixed by it. As to the exception, taken by the tenants, it 
 is conceived, that the same are bound to assist in making the fortifications in question; but if 
 they believe to have any action in law against their landlords in this regard (which is for tlie 
 present not quite evident to the Director-General and Council), they may institute legal proceed- 
 ings before the proper tribunal. Adij ut supra. (Febr'' 21, IGOi.) 
 
 Proposals of Oeatamy and otuek IIackingkesaky and Staten-Island chiefs 
 wrrii ANSWEiis. 
 23* February, Saturday. 
 
 In Fort Amsterdam appeared to-day Oratamij, Sachem of Tlachingkesack, accompanied by 
 Kastangh, Hans and other IlackingTccsacJc and Staten-Island savages. 
 
 1. He says, that Seweckenamo, one of the chiefs of the remnant of Esojpus savages, had gone to 
 the Southriver and that the Esopus desired very much liis return, so that they could then 
 exchange the captive Christian children against the savage prisonere and conclude a peace. 
 
 2. He presents an otterskin as sign, that his heart is good and that also the savages of Hacking- 
 kesack and Staten-Island were good, but he does not know yet, how the heart of our Sachems is. 
 
 3. He gives another otterskin and says, that Hatis shall be Sachem after him over the Ilackmg- 
 kesack and Staten-Island savages. If after his, Oratamy's, death we had anything to say to the 
 savages, we should send for Hans, as we now send for Oratam. He asks for a small piece of 
 ordnance, to be used in his castle against his enemies. 
 
 He was answered, that the time, for which they asked, to return the captured children, had 
 now almost expired. We had expected, that they would be brought now, but as they excused 
 themselves with the absence of Seioeckenamo, we would accept it so far and give them 14 days 
 more from to-day, to bi-ing the prisoners. If they did not do it then, they would have to fulfill 
 their promise of going with us to the Esopus. 
 
 "VVe accepted the otterskins and would make them a present in return, when Seweckenamo 
 came with the captured children. 
 
 Proposals of the same and Minissink Indians wrru answers. 
 G"- March, Thursday. 
 
 Into the Council chamber at Fort Amsterdam came Oratam, chief of Ilackingkesack, Hans 
 and Kastangh and with them the following Menissinck chiefs, Memmesame, Meninger, Mama- 
 rikickan; they brought one of the captured children (it was the child of Jan Zootman, tha 
 baker at the Esopus) in token of their good hearts and friendship towards the Dutch, as they say. 
 
 They state, that the Sinnecus had threatened to come and kill the Menissincks, but that the 
 3Iinquaes from the Southriver had allied themselves with the Menissincks and if the Sinnecus 
 
 40 
 
3G2 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River, 
 
 were to come now, the Minqiiaes would also come to assist the Menissincks, who are now their 
 friends. They tell us this for our information and give a quantity of deerskins. 
 
 2. They give beavers and deerskins and desire to know, what we would advise them to dOj 
 whether to remain on their land or remove. Should we advise them, to remain, then they would 
 do it, even if they were killed. 
 
 3. They give some more deerskins only in token of their good heart and say, they do not 
 expect any cloth in return, but they request, that when they come here, they may be well treated 
 and have something to eat. 
 
 NoTA. — The i^resents of deerskins and beavers were appraised by Paulus Leendeitsen van der Grist and 
 Captain Marten Cregier and valued at 65 guilders. They were turned over to Cornells Steenwyck. 
 
 "We replied, that we received the child in token of their good heart and that to show our 
 kindness of feeling we should send by the first yacht to the Esopus for one of the captive Esopus 
 savages and surrender him to them, and gave to the squaw, who brought the child, 20 guilders in 
 wampum. 
 
 To the 1^'. "We are glad, that they were united with the Minquaes and it would be well, if they 
 would make friends with the Sinnecus also, so that everybody could peaceably plant his land and 
 go hunting and do his business. When a chance offered and somel>ody came down from above, 
 we would say the same to the Minquaes. "We returned their present by giving them 39 guilders 
 in wampum. 
 
 2. "We do not know much about their country, but it seemed best to us, that they should go 
 to the Minquaes^ if they feared to be attacked by the Sinnecus, or that some Minquaes came to 
 thera to help them. "We gave them in return for their present 44^ guilders in wampum. 
 
 3. "When Sachems or chiefs came to see us, we always provide thera with something to eat ; 
 it would have been done so with them, if we had been at home. We gave them in token of our 
 good heart . . . guilders in wampum. Ady ut supra. 
 
 NoTA. — They received altogether 65 guilders in heavy money as a present. 
 
 OeDEB GRAIiTING ClAES AkENTSEN, CoDRJ MESSENGER OF BeRGEN, A PIECE OF LAND 
 OUTSIDE OF THE VILLAGE. 
 
 17"" March. 
 
 The petition of Claes Arentsen, Courtmessenger of the village of Bergen, was received and 
 read, in which he states, that the Court of the said village had given and granted him, subject to the 
 approval of the Director-General and Council of New-Netherland, on the last of January 1664, 
 as reward for his services as Court messenger, a garden and a parcel of land outside of the North 
 gate of the said village, which he requests to have confirmed. 
 
 After the question had been put, the consent and confirmation for the garden and parcel of 
 land is hereby given and granted to the petitioner. Ady ut supra. 
 
New York Ilistoriral Reconh. 3(53 
 
 Commission for Balthazar Bayard to be Clerk of tiik Coukt at Bergkn. 
 17'" March. 
 
 The Director-General and Council of Ncw-Nctlicrland to all, who may see or hear this read, 
 greeting : Know ye, that they found it necessary for the public welfare, the iniproveinent and 
 increase of tiie village of Beryen and for the better and more convenient administration of jus- 
 tice to appoint a fit ])erson who shall act as clerk in the meetings of the Schout and Commissaries 
 of the said village. Balthazar Bayard liaving been proposed to us, we have engaged and ap- 
 ]winted him, as we hereby engage and appoint him, to perform the duties of the said office, pur- 
 suant to the instructions already given or hereafter to be given, as a good and faithful Clerk ought 
 to do. We direct therefore all, whom it may concern, to recognize the said Balthazar Bayard 
 as to what we have appointed him and to assist him in the performance of his duties. 
 
 Thus done at Fort Amdcrdam in New-NctherlaruL the IT"" March ICGi. 
 
 Report made by P. W. van Couwenhoven of information respecting intrigues 
 OF the Englisu with the "Wappinos and Esopus Indians. 
 
 On the 15"" of March Anno KSCA a savage, called nicJ:cmicl\ came to my house and said. 
 Friend, I must tell you something. There is great dissatisfaction among the Esojins and Wap- 
 pings. They had expected to kill all the Dutch and drive them away, as the Enylish of TFc's<- 
 cA^sfer had promised to them, that they would first take Long- Island and then the Manades. 
 " If the Dutch do not surrender willingly, we sliall kill them, but then you must assist us." The 
 savages answered, they would do that. But the English asked them, " When you have done it, 
 how much land shall we have then," and the savages promised them, " The land on Esopus shall 
 be yours, if you help ns kill the Dutch and we shall give you a present beside." " Well, we are satis- 
 fied and it will not be long, before we shall begin, but you too must be ready to help us." The sav- 
 ages answered, " Surely, we'll do that." About 8 days ago a party of savages of the Wapping AWf^ 
 Esopus tribes went towards Westchester with a lot of jjeltries, consisting of beaver, otter, bear, elk, 
 fox and raccoon skins. Arrived there they asked the English, whether they were ready to kill the 
 Dutch, but the English answered, " It cannot be done at present, our Sachem has made an agree- 
 ment with Stuyvesant for a year." " But we do not at all like to wait so long, answered the sav- 
 ages, why have you made us believe it. Come, let us only begin, we will give you all these goods." 
 The English replied, "It cannot be done now, but if you will sell the land on the Wapping and 
 at Haverstraw, we shall pay for it ?" The savages then left very discontented and said, '• It 
 is better, we make peace with the Dutch, the English are only fooling us." 
 
 The foregoing report having been made by Lieutenant Pieter Wolphertsen van (Joummhovtn, 
 at the meeting of the Hon'''" Director-General and Council of New-Netherland, it was deemed 
 necessary, to send the said Lieutenant and 2 or 3 others, conversant with the savage tongue, in 
 the Company's yacht to the Wappingh.s, to inquire into the truth of the foregoing. They returned 
 here on the 23'' of March and made the following report : 
 
 Anno 1604, on the IS"' of March, we left the Mennades and arrived on the 20"' ofT tlio 7//V/A- 
 lands. Three savages came immediately on board, I asked thein where their Sachem was and 
 they said, he was on shore. The names of the three savages was Quemacheme, Pachhichme, 
 Fiemisime. I inquired what the English had wanted of them, they said, To buy our lands, but the 
 English are worthless people, we will not liave .inytliing t.) do with tluui, ihcy have i.n.mised to 
 
364 Colonial Settlements on tJie Hudson River. 
 
 the Esopus and Wappingh savages, to ki]l the Dutch, if they too would do their best. " But 
 what land shall we have then ?" The savages answered, " All the land on the Esopths, after the 
 Dutch have been killed." On the 21°' the Sachem's son Quemachemis 9X&0 stated, that it is truly 
 so, but he says, the English have taken the jjeltries, consisting in beaver, otter, bear, raccoon and 
 fox skins and said to them, that they had to wait a year. On the same day the Sachem came him- 
 self on board and brought with him an intei-preter, named Aerent. The Sachem of Haverstraw 
 is the brother of Semackese, the Sachem of the Esopus. The Sachem of Haverstraw said, the 
 Sachems were quite willing to make peace, but the " barebacks " will not. He says, what you 
 have lieard from their savages, that the English wanted to kill the Dutch and had asked the sav- 
 ages to help, is true. Then the Sachem Sacsigout came on board with 7 others and said, that no 
 decision should be made before 30 days, all the Esopus and Wappinghs being far inland and then 
 a decision would be made either for peace or for war. 
 
 This is the mark V _ _ of Sessikout. 
 
 This is the mark pry] of Aeeent. 
 
 Tliis is the mark of 1 I "Wensemot. 
 I This is the mark of ^. Qewnackement. 
 
 kof /tv 
 
 This is the mark of ^f\. Pachhickk 
 
 Proposals made by the chiefs of the Kichtawanghs, Wappings, "Wii 
 
 KECKS AND OTHEKS WITH THE ANSWERS. 
 
 25"" March, Tuesday. 
 
 Appeared before the Council 2Iechtsewac.h, chief of Kichtawan, on the east side of the 
 North river, Messachhewath, chief of the Wappitigs, Nipaniick, chief of Wiechquaeskeck in 
 place of his brother Sauwenarach, who made the following proposals through Oratamy, the chief 
 of Hackinghesacky. 
 
 1. That they bring hither and suiTender to the Director-General and Council a Dutch child, 
 which they have bought from the Esopus savages for 31 strings of wampum, for whom they ask 
 nothing whatever, not even a bead, as they say, but they give him as a token and in proof of their 
 good heart. 
 
 2. He has six Christian prisoners, whom he has delivered to Lieutenant Couwenhoven before 
 now, and another, whom he bought from the Esopus. 
 
 3. One of the captured Christians, a large girl, had promised him some wampum, but had 
 neither given nor sent it to him. 
 
 4. They say, that they had not asked for war nor intended it, although they have been 
 accused of it and that they still desire to live in peace with us. In token and proof thereof they 
 bring now altogether the captured child, which the aforesaid three chiefs had bought and give 
 now to us as a token of friendship and they say, that all their young men are satistied witli it. 
 
 The following answers were given to these propositions : 
 
 We say to the first, that we accept the child with thanks and whereas they do not ask for any 
 wampum in return, but give us the chdd in proof of their friendship, we too will give them as a 
 
New Yo7-h Historical Records. 3C5 
 
 token of our friendship a captured savage child and present it as prodf of our good heart and 
 good intentions. 
 
 2. Concerning the six prisoners, among whom they count a child, horn upon tlie yacht, and 
 a big girl, we answer, that they have received in return for them a captive squaw and two children, 
 30 strings of wampum, a piece of cloth, two cans of brandy, also one-half of an anker, 15 strings 
 of wampum, three yards of duffel and 10 lbs. of powder and that the Sachem of the Highlands 
 received besides a small piece of cloth for his trouble. 
 
 3. As to the captured Christian girl, a savage child was returned for her at the Esojnis ; if 
 she has promised anything more, it shall be given. 
 
 4. They are told, that if it is true, as they say, that they do not think of making war against us 
 and that to make us sure of their friendship they bring now this captured child, then we too will not 
 think of war against them and that no harm has been done to them. If we had intended to in- 
 jure them, we could have pursued and killed them as well as the Esopun, and destroyed all their 
 corn, as the Esopus' corn has been destroyed and in proof of our good heart we give them in 
 return a child. 
 
 After the preceding statement had thus been answered, Echko made the following proposition 
 in presence of all the above-named chiefs, to wit : he was sent by the chief of the Newesinghs to 
 tell us, that the English pressed him very hard, to sell the land of the JVewesingLs, but the chief 
 had answered, he could not sell it to them, they had i-eceived already from us wampum and goods 
 for it. 
 
 They infoi-med us tlierefore, that we had to make haste, if we wanted to buy the land, they 
 could not keep off the Etujlish any longer and we must come immediately after having bought it 
 and erect a house there. 
 
 We answered, it was well, that they had thus cpoken to the Englixh and as to our coming 
 soon and make a contract for the land and put up a house there, we could not do that, as long as 
 we were engaged in a war and had no stable peace. When that was made, we would come, to 
 make a contract with them, but it was now too cold and the kils too full of water, to view the 
 land. We would come to see it, when the corn planting began. Adij ut supra. 
 
 Letter from Dieectoe Stutvesant to Ensign Ntssen and Magistrates at Wild- 
 %VYCK ; Indian aefaiks. 
 Honorable, Dear Friends 
 
 These lines are to inform you, that since the departure of Glaes Bordingh, with whom we 
 sent a captured child (brought here by the Newesinks savages) three chiefs have been here yes- 
 terdaj-, to wit of the Wappingers, from Kichtawangh and WiechquaesTcecke, who brought the 
 child sent herewith ; we do not know whose it is and the said savages have reported, that there 
 are only three more captured Christians among the Esopus savages in the interior, whom they 
 liave promised us to do their best and get them and deliver to us. We must leave it to time, to 
 see what the residt will be. As however little reliance can be placed ifpon a savage's promise, we 
 recommend and charge you once more, to be on your guard and strictly observe our former orders 
 conceniing the ploughing in company and the going into the country of people without proper 
 escort, mitil further orders. As we ha\c promised to the aforesaid chiefs, who have brought us 
 
3G6 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson Hivei: 
 
 tlie cliildren, to give tliein in tlieir place two of the captured savage children, we send the bearer 
 hereof, Lieutenant Couwenlwven., to you, to hring down the two squaws and three children, who 
 are still prisoners there. "Wherewith etc." 
 26'" March 1664. 
 
 To the Honorable, Valiant Christian JViesen, Ensign, 
 the Schout and Commissaries at Wiltwyck. 
 
 Letter from Ensign Niessen to Director Stuyvesant : all quiet on the Esopus. 
 
 Noble, Honorable, Very "Worshipful, Wise, Prudent and 
 Very Discreet Gentlemen. 
 
 I cannot omit to inform your Hon*'" Worsliips by this opportunity, that after the expiration 
 of the armistice between us and the Esopus savages nothing special has occurred ; it has been 
 the same during the armistice on account of the heavy snowfall and now lately on account of the 
 freshets. I had intended to make an expedition to the old or first castle of the Esopus savages 
 on the 21*' of March, but was prevented by the thaws and freshets, which filled the kils, also by 
 the inconvenience to get through with soldiers at this season, therefore the expedition was not 
 made. I would have sent your Hon"'" Worships the military as ordered by Captain Lieutenant 
 Marten Cregier, but I did not know, whether it would be acting well or not, for if sent down 
 and immediately returned, the loss through the transport would have fallen on the Hon"" Com- 
 pany. I send down herewith two men, Barenl Hoist and Otto Jansen, both sick and cripjales. I 
 await meanwhile your Hon"'" Worships' further orders, which I expect within tliree or four days 
 from date. Closing witli greetings I commend your Hon*"'" Worships to God's protection. Actum 
 Wildwyck, the 27'" of March 166-t. 
 
 Your Honorable Worshijjs' humble servant 
 To the Noble, Honorable, Very Worshipful, CiiKisiiAN Nyssen. 
 
 Wise, Prudent, Very Discreet Director- 
 General and Council of Neio-Netherland 
 at Fort Amsterdam. 
 
 Appointment of Magistrates for Wiltwyck. 
 
 Tlie Hon*'® Director-General and Council of New-Netlierland received and read the nominal 
 tions made and sent in by the Schout and Schepens of tlie village of Wiltwyck in theEsojnis and 
 selected and confirmed as Schepens there Jan Willemsen Hoochteylingh and Ilendrick Jochemsen. 
 
 Actum Fort Amsterdam in New-Netlierland the 3* April 1664:. 
 
 Patent to Ide Cornelissen van Vorst for a piece of land at Ahasimds (Jersey Cfty, N. J.) 
 
 Petms Stuyvesant etc with the Hon*" Council declare, that we have to-day, date underwritten, 
 given and granted to Tde Coi'nelissen van Vorst a lot situate at Ahasimus on the Northeast side 
 
New York Historical Records. 367 
 
 of Claes Jansen and tlie southwest side of the wagouroad, measuring on the S. E. and N. W. sides 
 16 rods, on the N. E. side 22 rods 9 feet, on the S. W. side 21 rods. With the express condition 
 etc etc. Done at Fort Amsterdam iu yew-Netherland April 5'" ICOi. 
 
 Order on the PExmoN of Sander Leendertsen Glen and others for a survey 
 
 OF LAND AT ScHENECTADY. 
 
 17'" April 16G4. 
 
 The petition of Sander Leendertsen Glain, Willem Teller and Ilarmen Tedder was received 
 and read, who in their own behalf and in the name of other proprietors of land in the settlement 
 called Schanhegtede request substantial!}^, tliat tlie snrveyor might be sent to lay out for each one 
 his piece of land and buildinglot for the prevention of further disputes. 
 
 It was decreed : 
 
 Tlie Director-General and Council deem tlie survey' of the land mentioned necessary to pre- 
 vent further quaiTels and will send up the siu-veyor for that purpose by the first chance. Adij 
 ut sujpra. 
 
 Instructions for the Clerk of the Court at W 
 
 ILTWYCK. 
 
 Instruction for the Clerk or Secretary of the inferior Court of Justice iu 
 the village of Wiltwych on the Eso^ms. 
 First he shall be obliged to be present at the ordinary and extraordinary meetings and sittings 
 of the Schout and Schepens, to serve their Court of Justice with his pen and to record in detail 
 and according to its true bearing and meaning, what the presiding officer directs. 
 
 He sliall take care to record in the minutes properly and fully, without favor or regard to 
 person the complaint of t!ie plaintiff as well as the defendant's answer and add to it, after the 
 question has been put, the conclusion arrived ut, by order of the presiding officer. 
 
 3. 
 In ease the Schout and the Schepens should differ in some matters, the majority of votes 
 must decide and he shall not be allowed to publish the opinion of the minority to outsiders, but 
 he n:iay, if requested thereto hy the minority, enter their opinion beneath the order or decision of 
 the majority. 
 
 4. 
 After the adjournment of the Court he shall properly enter in a register tlie complaints and 
 answers of the parties in litigation and all the orders of the Schout and Schepens and send authen- 
 tic copies thereof once or twice during the year to the Secretary of the Director-General and 
 Council 
 
 Ue shall be allowed to charge twelve stivers as fee for each order made by the Schout and 
 Schepens or apostil given to petitions. 
 
368 Colonial Settlements an the Hudson River. 
 
 6. 
 In order to accommodate residents as well as strangers, he shall have permission to draw np 
 petitions, if asked to do it, provided he lets the petitioner sign it, for which he may charge as fee 
 sixteen stivers, if the petition is to be used in civil cases, twenty stivers if it is to be used in a 
 suit for injuries done or in criminal eases of the middle degree and for giving a certificate and a 
 copy thereof he shall receive four and twenty stivers. 
 
 Finally he shall promise to practice the afore-stated rules as well as he can and to the best of 
 his knowledge and further to promote and help to promote as far as his position is concerned the 
 glory of God and the pure service of his word, the sovereignty of their Noble High: Might: 
 the Lords States-General, the high jurisdiction and authority of the Noble-Lords- Directors and 
 their supreme government now appointed or hereafter tx) be apjx)inted, without meditating, much 
 less do any thing against them. Actum Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherlaiid, the 2r' of April 
 A". 1664. 
 
 Letter from Ensign Nyssen to DraECTOR- General Stutvesant, reporting the 
 VISIT of an Englishman at Wildwyck, who said that the English would 
 possess New-Netherland in 6 or 8 weeks. 
 
 Noble, Honorable, Very Worshipful, Wise, Prudent and Very Discreet Gentlemen. 
 
 Little has occurred here, except that the farmers are busy to bring their summer grain into 
 the ground, as far as they can do it at this season and for what else has happened during this time 
 I refer to my enclosed daily journal. Among others I mention, that on the lO"" of April an 
 Englisliman arrived here with Claes Tyssen, who desired, as he said, to buy some land from the 
 Dutch / he went with the same Claes Tyssen to Fort Oranye^ without having accomplished any 
 thing here. As far as I afterwards found out, this Englishman must have been a spy, for accord- 
 ing to his statement, he wished to live among the Dutch, because he had been badly treated by 
 the magistrates on the North and then he said, that the English would take and possess this place. 
 Fort Orange and the Manhatans within 6 or 8 weeks. I await your Hon""* Worships' order, 
 whether, if some other stranger or Englishman, who has no passport from the Manhatans, should 
 act thus, I shall arrest and send him to the Manhatans, as I am also waiting for provisions for 
 the soldiers here, for only one barrel of meat is left in the storehouse and I liave no peas. Closing 
 herewith I commend your Honorable Worships to God's protection and remain with greetings. 
 
 Your Honorable Worships' humble servant 
 Actum TFiMwyfi', the 2P' of April 1664. Christian Nyssen. 
 
 Honorable Worsliips ! the miller here refuses to grind henceforth for the Hon*'* Company, 
 because his account has been returned to him unpaid, while the necessity to pay others presses him. 
 To the Noble, Honorable, Very Worshipful, Wise, Prudent and Very Discreet 
 
 Directoi -General and Council of New-^etherland at Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherland. 
 
Netv Yorh Uidorical liecortU. 369 
 
 Petitio.v of Thomas Ciiamheks and Gysbert van Imbrooii, uKi.EfiA-rKS, askinc 
 
 F(IK AMENDMENTS TO THE CtlAETEK fiK WlLTWYCK. 
 
 To the Noble, Worshipful, Ilonorahle DiiT'ctor-General and Council of Ncio-Nethcrlaml. 
 
 Iluinbly show Thomas Cluimhers aiul Gyshcrt van I?nhrocck, delegates from tlie villa»e of 
 WiliioycA; that the Court of Justice there is quite willing to maintain quiet, peace and harmony 
 among the inhabitants of the said village for the best of the place and as it has been found, with 
 due reverence, that the instructions sent by your Hon''''' Worehips to the said Court require very 
 much to be amplified, to carry on and support this praiseworthy -work, which is opposed by evil 
 minded persons. Therefore the petitioners address themselves to your Hon''''* "Worships with the 
 respectful request, made in the name and in behalf of the said Court, that your Hon''''' Worships 
 will please to grant to the same the points and articles, which will serve to the welfare of the 
 village of WilhuycTc, as follows : 
 
 First. That your Hon"''' Worships will jiloase to enlarge the instructions for the Court of 
 Justice at Wiltwi/ck to the same extent, as the instructions for the Court at Bevefwyck. 
 
 Second. As eases come up often requiring a prompt remedy, your Hon"'" Worships will 
 please to authorize the said Court at Wiltwyck provisionally, to make statutes and ordinances con- 
 cerning the making and repairing of roads, streets, posts and fences around fields and gardens and 
 orchards and whatever may be best for the farming interests and the safety of the village, also 
 concerning the building of churches, schools and such other public works and the finding and 
 raising of the means thereto required, subject to your Hon''"' Worships' approbation and as during 
 the winter season no news can be obtained from here for 4 or 5 months, that the concerted statutes 
 and ordinances may not only be published, but also provisionally enforced. 
 
 Third. An instruction for the Courtmessenger, by which he may govern himself in the per- 
 formance of his duties. 
 
 Fourth. As it has been found, that the schoolmaster is making rather absurd demands for 
 schoolmoney from the children, which compels many peoi>le to keep their ehildreu at home, that 
 your Hon"'" Worships will grant him a fair salary. 
 
 Fifth. An instruction for the Secretary concerning the division of the fees fur summons 
 between him and the messenger. 
 
 Sixth. Concerning the auctioneer's duties, who has to attend to them, the Schout or the 
 Secretary ? 
 
 Seventh. Whether the duties of jailor and executioner belong to the -Sellout's or the Secre- 
 tary's office. 
 
 Eighth. Whereas the village of 117// //'//'/!• has had to bear many burdens during the war with 
 the savages and is still bearing them, by which its people have got much indebted, therefore the 
 petitioners hereby respectfully request, that the tapster's impost on beer, wine, lirandy and distilled 
 waters and the like may be let annually by the said Court, that the rent thereof may be adminis- 
 tered and applied to the expenses already laid out by the said village or hereafter to be incurred 
 and for the common welfare ; also that no one shall be allowed to sell drinks before he has not 
 obtained a tapster's license or spinni/uj house {'>.) schedule, as it is in usage within this city. They 
 await your Hon"'® Worships' fevorable answer and remain 
 
 Noble, Very Worshipful Gentlemen 
 
 Your humble servants and subjects 
 
 ToMAs Chambers 
 25'" April 1664 - Gysbekt van Imbkooh. 
 
 47 
 
370 Colonial Settlement on the Hudson River. 
 
 The foregoing petition was received and read and the following answer given. 
 
 By virtue of the instructions given to the Court of Justice in the village of Wiltwych the 
 Court may make statutes and ordinances according to circumstances for the best advantage of the 
 inliabitants, provided they submit them first to the Director-General and Council of New-Nether- 
 land with the reasons for their necessity and ask for and obtain their approbation and ratification, 
 unless they are prevented to do so by the winterseason or other inconveniences, in which case the 
 said Court is authorized to concert u])on and execute some provisional orders in an emergency, on 
 condition that they inform the Director-General and Council thereof by the first opportunity and 
 obtain their confirmation. 
 
 To the third. An instruction for the Courtmessenger shall soon be drawn up and sent to 
 them. 
 
 To the fourth. The petitioners are to inform tlie Director-Genei-al and Council by the first 
 opportunity, how much and what tlie inhabitants pay to the schoolmaster ; after this has been 
 done, further orders will be issued. 
 
 To the fifth. The instruction for the Secretary or Clerk is sent herewith. 
 
 To the sixtli. Provisionally and until fui-ther orders the sales of voluntary auctions shall be 
 taken care of and attended to by the Clerk or Secretary, all Schout's and involuntary sales by the 
 Sellout. 
 
 The seventh point is answered above. 
 
 The Director-General and Council had hoped that the petitioners would, as they had agreed 
 to do, have thought of some means, by which the necessary expenses of the village might have been 
 paid ; it is now once more seriously recommended to them : in the meantime the petitioners are 
 authorized, to let the tapster's excise publicly and in the name of the Director-General and Council 
 to the highest bidder under the conditions sent herewitli: the farmer of the excise shall pursuant 
 to an order, which will be issued in due time, turn over to the petitioners for reducing the debts 
 of the village one-half of what the excise shall bring. 
 
 The last point, namely, that nobody shall have permission to sell beer or liquors, without 
 having asked for and obtained permission, is granted pursuant to an order made in this regard, an 
 extract of which shall be given to the petitioners for their information. Ady ut supra. 
 
 PETrrioN OF Paulus Coenelissen and Jan Coenelissen van dee Hyden con- 
 
 CEENINQ THE ESTATE OF JaN BaEENTSEN WeMP. 
 
 To the Noble, Very Worshipful, their Honors the Director- 
 General and Council of New-Neiherland. 
 
 Noble, Very Worshipful Gentlemen. 
 
 Whereas Maritie Meynders, widow of Jan Barentsen Wemp, deceased, a resident of the 
 Colony of liensselaerwych finds herself extremely injured and damaged, because some creditors of 
 Aert Pietersen Tack in the Esoj^us have not hesitated to sell bis, Aert Pietersen^s, movable and 
 immovable goods there as also his horses and cattle and have partially received the proceeds thei-eof 
 or try to collect them, while the whole property was mortgaged and secured to her deceased hus- 
 band and herself, who has had no opportunity, during the last winter, to assert her good claim, 
 why her mortgage-bond should have the preference to a later one and to personal debts, therefore 
 
JS'ciO York Historical Ilecords. 371 
 
 we the undersigned agents of the aforesaid Maritie Meynders request, in consideration that the 
 liouse, barn, grainstalks, horses, cattle, even the land have been paid for by the said Jari 
 Barentsen Wemp deceased, that your Hon''''' Worsliips will please to order, that the creditors 
 aforesaid, who have already been paid and still try to collect their debts, abstain therefrom and 
 give up their presumptions until the aforesaid widow shall by virtue of her mortgage-bond have 
 had her claim adjudicated and satisfied and that for this end the Hon''"' Court at Wiltwyck be 
 written to and directed, to assist the said widow in obtaining her just claim. Asking for your 
 jjyijbie "Worships' favorable answer we remain 
 
 Amsterdam in N. Netherland. Your Honorable Worships' subjects 
 
 the 25"^ April 1664. Paulus Coknelissen 
 
 Jan Coenelissen \k^ dek Hyden. 
 
 Oedeb to the Magisteates at Wiltwyck 'id inquire into the above affaie. 
 
 Honorable, Dear, Faithful Friends. 
 
 You will see by the enclosed petition the statement made to ns by the agents of the widow of 
 Jan Barentsen Wenip deceased. If it is so, as they say, then we can only decide the request 
 made by them to be reasonable and equitable : but as we do not know, what reasons the other 
 parties might bring forward, we wish to direct you hereby, not to be too hasty or to proceed 
 herein too rashly, but to take the money proceeds of the goods sold into a provisional deposit, that 
 those, who may be found to have a just claim to it, may not be injured. This done, you will let 
 the parties proceed according to law, as it is proper, and the course of justice be quick. Where- 
 upon relying we commend you to God's protection and remain with cordial salutations 
 
 Honorable, Dear, Faithful Friends 
 Amsterdam in Xcin- Your affectionate friends. 
 
 Netherland, the 25"' April IGC-i. 
 
 Council Minute. ArrENOANCE of Oratam, the chief of IIackixgiiesacky and 
 
 OTHERS concerning THE MUEDEE OF A DuTCHJIAN BY A WaI'PING InDIAN. 
 
 On the 26"' of April 1664 at the Councilchamber before the Director- 
 General and in presence of Sarah Kierstede, the interpreter, 
 appeared Oratavi, the chief of Ilackinghesaky, Ejaclike and Aeltie 
 Sibraiits, the widow of Mattys lioeloffsen, the gunner, who had 
 been killed 8 days ago by the Waj}pi7uj savages. 
 
 EjacKke says, he has been sent by Metsewachsct, the chief of Kichtewangh, to inform us of 
 what the savages had said and reported concerning the killing of Hattys lioeloffsen ; the common 
 Wappings, or as they are usually called the "barebacks," say, that their chief lias received from 
 Pieter Wolphertsen 30 strings of wampum and three coats of cloth ; the common Wajjpings have 
 become jealous and dissatisfied on that account, because their chief had not informed them of it 
 nor shared with them, but he did everything by himself, M-ithout telling them anything and so he 
 told us here, that all his people were satisfied to have peace, but he had done it by hunself and 
 without their knowledge and without saying anything to theuL 
 
372 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Secondly he saj's, a savage from Ilavcrstraw arrived with meat near the Fort at the Esopus 
 and the soldiers came out from two sides and took him prisoner and locked him up ; he remained 
 there until the afternoon, when he took a letter out of his bag ami showed it to them and then 
 they let him go, but that for all that they were not angry. 
 
 Thirdly the said Ejaohhe says, two squaws and a man have taken the woman here present, 
 Aeltie Syhrantsen, widow of the killed Mattliys Roelofsen, by the hand and said, the savage, who 
 has killed j'our husband, is also going to kill you, go with us into another house. She did it and 
 shortly afterwards the said savage, who killed her husband, called Eihtaworis, came into the house 
 and wanted to kill her, but he was at first prevented \>)' the other squaws and men and the said 
 savage wanted still to kill her, but Sewechenamy, the chief of the Esojms, would not allow it and 
 prevented him saying. We are about to make peace with the chief of the Manhattans and you 
 come and kill a Dutchman and want now to kill also this woman and thwart everything : the said 
 chief then gave a string of wampum to the said Aeltie Syhrants saying, Go with that as with our 
 safe conduct to the chief of the Manhattans and tell him, that we are not guilty of this murder, 
 but desire to make peace with the Sachem of the Manhattans, tell him further, that all the men 
 and squaws are very sorry for the murder and weep over it. 
 
 The said Aeltie Syhrants being present, when this statement was made, says, that in the main 
 it had happened so, but that many more and other words had been spoken in their JcinterTcasien 
 
 The aforesaid savage Ejaohhe being asked, whether he had been present, said, No, but an- 
 other savage called Keentahain, who had brought this captured woman to them and did not dare 
 or would not come, had requested him to go with the woman hither and tell us. 
 
 EXTEAOT TEOM A LETTER OF DiRECTOE StUVVESANT TO THE DiEECTORS IN HoLLAND ; 
 THE RESULT OF THE WAR AGAINST THE EsOPUS InDIANS J IMPORTANCE OF THE 
 
 Indian trade. 
 26'" April 1664 
 
 « * * * * * « 
 
 As to the war against the treacherous Esopus savages, they are so tired out and dispersed, 
 some here, some there among other tribes, by two or three successful attacks, made upon them 
 last summer, by the burning of their long gathered provisions and by the utter destruction of 
 their corn plantations, that we could hardly learn during the whole winter, wliere 5 or 6 of them 
 could be found together : we have got back all our Christian prisoners, except three. The very 
 heavy snowfall during the winter and the consequent high water in aU kils and creeks, but espe- 
 cially the lack of shoes and socks for our soldiers, have prevented us during the whole winter and 
 spring from pursuing them as much as we desired or at least from attacking them. Small detach- 
 ments of our troops have nevertheless been out several times to this or that place, where they 
 suspected savages to be, but they never found any. Other tribes inform us, that they are willing 
 to renew the peace with us, but experience has taught us, that no reliance can be placed upon the 
 statements and declarations of this uncivilized, treacherous and mendacious people nor credit be 
 given to what they tell. We shall communicate to your Honors what further may happen. 
 * * •» * * * 
 
 The expenses (for tlie last year) will amount to 80,000 guilders, while on tlie other side the 
 revenue will not be more than 30,000 guilders on account of the poor trade in beavers, caused by 
 
New York Historical Records. 373 
 
 the wars which the Maquaes and S'mnekus wage against tlie Northern and Canadian savages. 
 We shall therefore have a deficit of 40 or 50,000 guilders. 
 
 Letter from Rev. Hermanus Blom to Director Stuyvesant, requesting m the 
 
 NAME OF the CONSISTORY, THAT TEIE 7tII OF JuNE BE ANNUALLY OBSERVED AS A DAY 
 OF THANKSGIVING AT THE EsoPUS, IN COMMEMORATION OF THE ESCAPE OF SO MANY 
 PERSONS FROM THE InDIAN MASSACRE. 
 
 To the Noble, Honorable, Director-General and the Honorable Council of New-NetlierlamJ. 
 Very Worshipful Gentlemen. 
 
 Your Hon'''* Worships all know, that last year 1663 on the 7'" of June the great God has al- 
 lowed the savages heavily to visit our neighbor haralet and this place, whereby the one was totally 
 ruined and reduced to ashes and the other partially destroyed, in both places several people were 
 killed, smothered in their blood and wounded, as well as a large number of animals; many of us 
 have even been captured by the heathens and led away as prisoners and all this was done under 
 the cover of friendship in an instant and with great cruelty, so that it was pitiful and distressing 
 to look at, as we did not know, how it would go with those of ns, who had been spared, for Death 
 had come upon us and into our houses quickly and unexpectedly to destroy the children in their 
 cradles, tlie young men on the streets, the dead bodies of men lay here and there like dung heaps 
 on the field, and the burnt and roasted corpses like sheaves behind the mower. We have been 
 living witnesses thereof as well as of the distress of our town and the uncertainty of our escape. 
 The heathens fell then into this newly settled inheritance of the Lord intending to storm it at 
 once and destroy it, which would have been done, when they rose so tyrannically against us in their 
 rage and fury. If the Lord had not still been with us, they would have devoured us all alive, so 
 that the waters of anxiety rose daily up to our souls, even went over all our souls, but our souls 
 have escaped, like a bird from the snare of the bird catcher and in that anxiety the Lord has in- 
 creased our pleading and lamenting, so that we may say, where is there in New-Netherland such 
 sorrow as ours, with which the Lord has visited us, for He it is, who on account of our sins has 
 given up Jacob, the plunderer and Israel the robber, because we would not walk in his ways and 
 not listen to his word, therefore he has emptied upon us the fullness of his wrath and the fury of 
 war and he has set all around us afire, but we pay no attention to it and he has made us burn, 
 but we do not take it to heart. 
 
 But from all these needs and death, through which we have passed, the Lord alone has now 
 delivered us, and no man has helped, for men's assistance was far from us, though they got the 
 
 credit for it and our delivery so that the Lord revives the dead again . . 
 
 . . . . descend and he comes up again, as it has been proved, for his mercifulness knows no 
 end ; he has said, mountains may move, hills may fall down, but my mercy shall not be taken 
 from you, yea, a mother may desert her child and forget it but I shall never desert and forget you, 
 for the ... is broken and we have escaped, for as long as the Lord pleases. 
 
 So that we cannot sufiiciently praise and thank the good Lord every day of our lives for the 
 great mercy and benevolence, which he has shown us and for the delivery from the hands of these 
 heathenish people, for which peace, honor and thanks are due to him only now and in all eternity, 
 
374 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 The Worshipful Consistory of this place requests therefore with due humility and proper rev- 
 erence of your Hon"'^ Worships, that for the merciful delivery, brought about by God's power, 
 the 7'" day of June in every year, on whatever day it may fall, shall be kept as an anniversary 
 and thanksgiving day in our place and that it be forbidden to do any work on that day, bo that 
 we, who have been spared and are still alive, may praise and thank his divine Majesty for it. We 
 are sure, that your Hon*'" Woi'ships will grant us this request, whereupon we rely and expect a 
 pertinent answer at that time, to notify the community of it. Meanwhile we commend your 
 Hon''"' Worships to God's gracious protection and shall not cease to pray God for your Honors' 
 persons and administration. AYe wish your Hon'''" Worships all blessings, good luck, welfare and 
 peace for soul and body, amen. 
 
 Very Worshipful, Wise, Pious and Very Discreet Gentlemen 
 
 Your Honors' Very obedient subjects and servants 
 The 6'" of May 1664, at yi'iUwytik. 
 
 In the name and by order of the Consistory. 
 Hebmanus Blom. 
 To the Wise, Prudent and Very Discreet, their Honors, 
 
 the Director- General and Council of New-Netherland at Fo7't Amsterdmn on the MmiJiatans. 
 
 Lease of land in Schenectady. 
 
 This 13"" of May 1664 Maritie Meyndertscn, widow of Jan Ba/rentsen Wemp dec*, declares 
 to have let and Aeckes Cornelissen {van Slyk) acknowledges to have rented half of the bouwery, 
 belonging to both of them in company, situate at Schenechfede, upon which he, Acques, lives. 
 The lease to be for the term of four consecutive years beginning this day or with the present 
 sowing-time and the i-ent to be ISOfl. in beavers or corn at beaver price (the beaver at 8fl.) for each 
 year, every time to be paid promptly without delay and deliverable at Schenechtade. 
 
 It is further conditioned, that the lessee shall keep for his use during his tenn a stallion and 
 a gelding, the risk for them remaining with the lessor; except if the horses should die or be mined 
 by a notorious neglect of the lessee, then he shall pay for them. 
 
 Next spring two milchcows with yearling calves, shall be turned over to the lessee, which cows 
 and possibly to be expected calves the lessee shall keep during his term of lease on half shares 
 according to the custom of the land. 
 
 The lessee promises to put into the ground at the end of his term as much seed grain as he 
 has now already sown in partnership with the lessor and is still sowing and of which each shall 
 have a just half, sharing in the expenses alike, while during the other years of his lease the lessee 
 shall retain the products of the land for himself. 
 
 * -:<- * * * * 
 
 Done at Colony liensselaerswycl:, date as above. 
 
 The mark ^>l— of Marthe Meyndeetsen 
 
 AcYtS 
 
 Arnodt Cornelissen Viele 
 Jan Cornelissen van der Heyden. 
 On the 12"* July 1669 Hent Bagye let his house and lot at Schenectady to Jan Rinckhout 
 for one year. Rent 9 good beavers. 
 
New Yorh Historical Tieconh. 375 
 
 Articles of the peace, made with the Esorus Indians. 
 
 On the IS"" of May 1004-, Tluirsday, the following Sachems or 
 chiefs of tlie savages appeared in the Council Chamber at 
 Fort Amsterdam : 
 
 Seweckenamo, Onagltot'in, Poicsaivagh, chiefs of the Esojyua, 
 
 ( Sees-Sagh-Gauio, chief of the Wajjpinr/hs, 
 
 Meeght Sewahes, chief of Kightevjangh, 
 
 Ses-Segh^Hoxit, chief of Reivechnongh or Ilawrstraw, 
 
 SoMwenarocqite, chief of Wiechguashech, 
 
 Oratamy, chief of TlacMnglcesacky and Tappaen, 
 
 Matteno, cliief of the Staten-Idand and Nayack savages, 
 
 8iej])e]cenoiiw, brother of Tapusagh, chief of Marsejpingh ete^ 
 
 with about twenty other savages of that tribe. 
 Seweclcenamo arose and said in behalf of the Esopus savages substantially, that he had asked 
 his God (whom he called Bachtamo and to whom he appealed several times as a witness to grant), that 
 he might negotiate something good with the Dutch in presence of all the chiefs now here and that 
 the treaty made might be as solid as in a stick, which he took hold of, one end was attached and 
 firmly united to the other. 
 
 2. He proposes and says, that all the chiefs and tribes in the neighborhood, as far as the 
 Maquaes, are well satisfied and pleased, that the peace between the Esopus and the Dutch is to be 
 concluded and that the Marsepingh savages shall be included in it. 
 
 3. That the chiefs and savages present have now heard, what he has proposed and said, which 
 is all that he has to say for the present. 
 
 As this chief had so far not said in his speech, that the Esopus savages asked for peace, but 
 only, that all the savages would be glad, if the peace between us and the Esopus was made and 
 concluded, therefore the said chief and the other savages were asked by the interpreter, whether 
 they wanted peace now and came to ask for it. 
 
 The chief Seweckenamo answered in substance, that he had come to ask for peace in behalf 
 of the Esopus and that it should be henceforth so firm and binding as the arms, which he folded ; 
 he gave then his right hand to the General and said, that he meant sincerely, what he had said 
 and it was also the intention and desire of all the Esopus, in whose name he spoke. 
 
 2. The chief was asked, why, if all the Esopus desired peace, all the chiefs of the Esopus 
 had not come, to wit: Keercop, Pamyrawech, and JV^iskakeioan, and what proof they could give, 
 that these chiefs and the other savages desired peace also. 
 
 He answers, that one of these chiefs is a very old and blind man and the other two arc liis 
 friends, who have given him their instructions and are satisfied with all, that he shall say and 
 conclude. 
 
 After hearing the foregoing answer, it was unanimously resolved, to tell the Esopus savages, 
 that they had made peace with us before this and that they had broken it without cause or reason ; 
 that nevertheless, as they liave now returned all our prisoners and got back from us all theirs and 
 as they now asked ns for peace, we would make peace with them, but on conditions, which we 
 sliall propose. 
 
 The above was stated to them in detail by the intei-preter, who gave them also a short account 
 of all what they had done formerly and again now lately ; they acknowledged all this to be the 
 truth without any contradiction whatever. They were further reminded, that notwithstanding all 
 
376 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 this we were inclined to make peace at their request and to keep it, if we could be assured, that 
 they would also keep it on their side. 
 
 They answered, that henceforth they would keep the peace inviolate and the following condi- 
 tions were proposed : 
 
 Terms and Conditions, on which a firm and everlasting peace 
 has been made and concluded between their Noble Honors, 
 Pet^us StMyvesant, Director-General and the Council of New- 
 Netherland and the Sachems or chiefs of the Esapus savages. 
 
 1. 
 
 All, that has happened formerly, shall be forgiven and forgotten and not be remembered 
 again : the people killed and gone on either side shall and must be forgotten. 
 
 All the land, which they have previously given to the Dutch in payment of losses, caused by 
 them, and which we have now retaken with the sword shall be and remain ours as far as their two 
 captured forts, they shall not be allowed to plant this land again nor to come into the villages 
 there nor into any of our distant places, neither with nor without arms, except here to the Man- 
 hatans and to Fort Orange. 
 
 3. 
 
 But that they may not be entirely deprived of their land, they shall have permission to plant 
 around their new fort and during this year also near the old fort, as they inform us, that they 
 have already planted there : but after that the land taken by the sword, as well around the new 
 fort as near the old, shall be and remain ours. 
 
 4. 
 
 To prevent all troubles in the future, the savages shall do no harm to our peoj)le nor oin- 
 people to them and it is covenanted, that no savage shall be allowed to come either armed or 
 unarmed, as was said in the second section, upon land, where the Dutch are ploughing, sowing, 
 mowing, planting or pasturing cattle neither at the Esopus nor elsewhere and if they are found 
 there and caught, they shall be^sent hither. It is however conceded to them, that they may come 
 to the Redoubt to sell their corn, meat etc'', but not more than at the highest 2 or 3 canoes, pro- 
 vided that they shall be obliged, to send a savage with a flag of truce ahead, who is to give infor- 
 mation of their coming. For their better accommodation a house shall be built for them over 
 the kil, where they can remain. 
 
 5. 
 
 If it should happen, that a DutehTnan killed a savage or a savage a Dutchman, then it is 
 covenanted, that no war shall immediately be begun on that account, biit that a meeting shall first 
 be held over it and the murderer shall be punished by death in presence of the Dutch and savages. 
 
 It is also covenanted, that if an Esopus savage should happen to kill some horses, cattle, pigs 
 etc^, the chiefs shall have to pay for it or if they refuse, one of them shall be arrested and kept 
 in prison, until the killed animal has been paid for, and the loser satisfied, while the Director-Gen- 
 eral on the other side promises, that no Dutchman shall do any damage to the Esopus savages. 
 
 The chief of Marsepingh and all his savages are included in this peace. 
 
 I 
 
Neiv YorTc Ilistorkal liiscorda. 377 
 
 The aforesaid Eaojn/x Sachems engage tlicuiselves to liave tliese articles of jicacc ratiiied liy 
 tlie other Ehojjus Sachems and savages, to inform us thereof within a month and come luthcr with 
 the other Sachems. 
 
 !». 
 
 It is also covenanted, that they or some of their people shall come down here every year, tu 
 renew this compact and that, if they bring a present, we shall also give them one. 
 
 Thus done and concluded at Fwt Amsterdam in New-Netherland the 16"' of May A" 16(54 
 in presence of his Noble Worship the Director-General Petrns Stnyvesant, the Hon''"-' Mr. de SiMe, 
 of both the Burgomasters of this city, their Honors Cornelis Steenwyck and Paulus Leendertsen 
 van. der Grist, of Captain Lieutenant Marten Gregier, Lieutenant Ccnncenhaven, Govert Loocker- 
 mans, old Sehepen, and Thomas Chamherx, Conmiissary of the village of Wiltwyck, Jacob Backer 
 President of the Schepens, Abraham WUmerdoruc j uuior, Saara J. Kkr.steede'AS, interpreter and 
 the aforesaid chiefs and savages. 
 
 The mark \ made by P. Stuyvesant 
 
 Skweckenasio \^ himself 
 
 The mark made by Nicasius de Sille 
 
 Pawsawagh <^ himself. C. V. Kutven. 
 As interpreter and witness As witnesses 
 
 Saea Kiersteeue Coe. Steenwtck 
 
 GOVEET LoOCKERMANS P. L. VAN DER GrIST 
 
 Pieter Couwenhoven J. Backer 
 
 Thomas Chambers Abr. Wilmerdonx. 
 
 Martyn Kregiee. 
 Vp^ Maerhinnie tuwee 
 
 Whereas Oratamy and Maiteiw have asked first for this peace in behalf of the Esopus 
 savages, it is further stipulated and covenanted, that they shall be securities for this peace, that it 
 be kept well and inviolate and if the Esojnis savages should be the first to break it, that they and 
 their savages shall then assist to make war upon the Esopus and to subdue them and should the 
 Dutch at any time violate the aforesaid peace, then they shall go to war with all their men against 
 the Dutch. Thus done at Fort Amsterdam in New-Netherland, the 16'" of May 1664 in presence 
 of the above-named witnesses, who have signed this in testimony thereof. 
 
 Peteus Stdyvesant 
 
 Martyn Kregier The mark / made by 
 
 Coe. Steenwyck Otatam ^ himself 
 
 P. L. van der Grist 
 
 The mark \/\J\/ made 
 by Ma'iteno iiimself. 
 
 The mark h" niade by 
 Hans alias Pieweseeenves himself 
 
 48 
 
S78 
 
 Colonial Settlements oii the Hudson liiver. 
 
 PK(iPi 
 
 (Much 
 
 MoH 
 
 ■fuci'd. Words 
 
 Fort Okanok wi 
 
 J ^"1 
 
 , Vice-Direct. 
 Scliuut of th 
 
 Colony 
 
 Present 
 
 La M<mi,i,jn,\ 
 (I, i-rrt Smart, 
 Jan Vrrhr.rk 
 
 Gerret Slichtenhorst 
 
 SPyffel Jansen 
 
 Jacob Schermerhorn 
 
 Jan H. van Jiael, Jan Coster van Aken. 
 
 ■niK ANSWERS, 
 lator.) 
 
 Extraordinary Session 
 held at Fort Oraruje 
 by both the Courts 
 with the Maquaas on 
 the 17'" of May 166i, 
 in which they made tlie 
 following statements. 
 
 The 
 have shown 7 strings . 
 shall send provisions 
 to [ransom] their prisoners 
 should take notice 
 arrival and the news 
 
 who have come thither [to learn whether the prisoners] were alive and they reported, that the Ma- 
 quaas who are [prisoners] of the aforesaid savages are still alive and may be ransomed, which [is 
 at the same time] a good chance to make peace with the [Northern] savages under the condition, 
 that the Dti,tch shall at the recjucst of the [savages ?] send [messengers] thither togetlier with the 
 Maijuaas and the . . . , in order to make [peace] and as their know[ledge is] necessary, 
 therefore tliey request .... the Courts, that two Dutchmen might be given to for them, 
 to wit \Jan DaretK\ and Jacob Loockermans, whereupon the said Jan Dareth and Jacob Loocker- 
 mans were called before the Court, who have undertaken to make the journey and left on the 
 18"' inst. The Courts gave them a letter of safe conduct in token of their knowledge and media- 
 tors' office and two strings of wampum, worth about 50 florins, as a present for the Northern 
 savages. 
 
 Wliereas the savages, called Maquaas, have very urgently requested, that we should [endeavor 
 to make peace between that] tribe and the said Maquaas [and send some] Mahicanders to the 
 Northern savages, called Oncoivntehocks, to procure the release of the Maquaas, who have been 
 captured by the said savages, and to assist them in every thing and do what the circumstances 
 sliall require to conclude a pea(H>, therefore we have commissioned and dispatched S''. Jan Dareth 
 and Jacob Loockerma7is as mediators. We request all, who shall read or hear this read to let our 
 said messengers jiass to and fro without let or hindrance and promise to do the same, if occasion 
 offers. Thus dune at Fort Orange the 17'" of May 1664, at the meeting of the two Courts. 
 
 Signed La Montagne, 
 
 Gerrit Swart, 
 
 Schout of the Colony. 
 
JSfew Ynrh Historical liecoi'da. 379 
 
 Present 
 
 La Montague, Vicc-Direptoi- Extraordinary Session 
 
 Gerret Swart, Schout of tlie C\)lony. lield at Fort Oraiuje 
 
 Jan Verheeck \,y i^otl, the Courts 
 
 Stoffel Janssen i„ presence of the Ila- 
 
 Jacob Sohermerhorn gy^aas on the 
 
 Jan Ilendriclcsen van Bad 1664 who made the 
 
 Jan van Alcen folh)wing propositions : 
 
 DericJc van Schellutjne, Secretary of tlie (^'olony. 
 They say that •••.... 
 
 and SouHjiiackicJcs .... 
 
 tliree Maquaas ....... 
 
 arc and request •■•••... 
 
 live, that two or three •.-.... 
 
 together with tliree of their ....... 
 
 to procure the release of the prisoners and negotiate a peace with the aforesaid savages, hut if the 
 
 same have fled to the Pacamteho [tliey are not] willing to make peace, if fle'd to the Onnogo-nyes, 
 
 they will make peace, for which purpose .... go with them, [to treat] with the English. 
 They request, that we siiould .... the Mahicander/^, if in case of war or peace [not 
 
 heing made] they should leave here, but in the [manner], to which they are used. 
 
 They ask further for the three expected [Mahicanders] which they understand have come 
 
 here and wish to know, wliether it is true, so that they may speedily send word to their people in 
 
 their country. 
 
 The Maguaas speak in our presence with the chiefs of the I\.atskil savages, Machackine- 
 
 manau, Keesje Wey and Wichpe ; thev remind them of the peace, in which they live with all 
 
 the tribes of the . . and along the river as far as the South river and they request the said 
 
 savages, tliat they give their assistance to obtain peace with the Northern savages, for war is now 
 
 inconvenient to them and they prefer to live in peace. 
 
 Answer to the Maquaas. 
 
 As soon as the tliree Mahicanders, of whom you say they are out, liave arrived, we will 
 inform yon, what news they bring and see what we liave to do. 
 
 . your request, the Mahicanders remain, 
 communicated to you, several 
 
 two pieces of ordnance have been received, which . . .as 
 
 you wish. 
 
 "We shall also take notice of what you have said to the Katskil savages in regard to peace. 
 Keesje TFey appeared before the meeting and presented a string of wampum in grateful return 
 for the gift, which the Dutch had given him last autumn, as we had done our best concerning the 
 peace . 
 
 They also request Jan Dareth, to tell the Maquaas, that they will give them a present and 
 whereas they have been informed, that the Maquaas would come hither, they are saved the trouble, 
 to go into their country. 
 
380 Colonial SvUleiiunts on the Hudson River. 
 
 [Proposals made by lioth the Coui-ts at the request of the Sachems 
 
 and several citizens of Fort Orange.'] (Translated by Vander Donek.) 
 
 1. They say that ... 
 
 passing tlirough 
 their enemies ...... 
 
 that we should ...... 
 
 done formerly, when ... . . 
 
 shall be necessary ...... 
 
 Secondly. Tiiat they [were bringing] 23 string.s of wampum as a present and to confirm 
 [the peace] and it now was in the hands of the Northern savages, whether they would keep the 
 peace or not. 
 
 Thirdly. They request also, that we should assist them with wampum. 
 
 Answer to the foeegoing. 
 
 Brothers, we are glad, that you intend to make peace with the Northern savages, because 
 [they] and our brothers have lost many of their best men by the small-pox as well as by war. 
 
 Secondly. The present of 23 strings of wampum is very good, if you, brothers, will keep 
 the peace, but it will not help you otherwise, if you break it again, because the Dutch and the 
 have done their best herein and should it occur, then you make us liars and deceivers ; 
 you must do no harm to the Northern savages, as you have threatened this day, but live like broth- 
 ers in peace with the people of the North and they . . . here among you. 
 
 JoTJRNAi, OF Jan Darktu and Jacob Loockermans, commissioners to negotiate a 
 peace between the Maquaas and the Northern Indians. 
 
 Copy . Journal kept by Jan Dareth and Jacob Loochermans 
 
 on their journey to the Northern savages. 
 
 1664, IQ"" May.] We, Jan Dareth anA Jacob Loockermans, started with our savages, three Mahi- 
 canders and three Maquaes for the North. 
 
 On Monday morning we came to a little kil near the Castle Pa having made, as -we 
 
 judged, about 7 leagues .... our course being north. 
 
 Tuesday, the 20"^ we broke camp before sunrise, taking a south easterly course until [after- 
 noon ?, when we changed it] to south by east; we made this day about .... and slept the 
 night at some .... called Iloossick, by the Maquaas .... place Quaclcansick, these 
 two days . . . able to go, but our first Sachem could not get along up the three hills . . . 
 
 We passed also three gi-eat kills. 
 
 Wednesday, the 21'* wq started again with daybreak and arrived at noon at the Winterberg, 
 where it rained at the foot and when after a good hour's climbing and plodding arrived at the top 
 the rain changed to snow ; we became so cold, that we had to keep marching ; it was very steep, 
 steeper still in going down ; about three o'clock we arrived below. We made this day as we cal- 
 culated about 11 or 12 leagues, the coui'se being south east, sometimes . . . We crossed this 
 day 4 large kills and camped in the evening on the bank of a spring, from where the savages said, 
 
 it was only .... to the Castle, called by the savages Pacamtekock the first 
 
 village called by the English Narington. 
 
jSFew Yorh Ilidoricul Jleconh. 381 
 
 Tlmrsday, the Sa**. we went ai,^'iin over verv bad and stt-op Idlls; we arrivcl at llic Castle at 
 4 o'c. and were well received according to tlieir customs; on th(3 dav Ijcfon; 10 l-jujlinhmcn 
 mounted on liorses tiad been there and liad charged the savages, to [inform them when we came"', 
 which was quickly done by the Sachem. 
 
 Friday, the 23''. five Englishman came to us, Mr. Cl<, ■<■],■, ]\[i-. WiUcnfi, IV[r. . . . and two 
 young men wlio came from Hadle, tlie village highest np on the Fresln-ivcr, with whom we dis- 
 coursed much and we showed them our commission, in (lie evening (piite a iiumlKu- .... 
 came .... and we got bo far, that in the morn ing 
 The English come from the neaiest village .... 14 miles from here. 
 
 . had come to us and have . . . having seen the same they went out 
 . asked wliat the reason was . . . stating in answer ... to 
 make peace between tlie Maguaas and their savages .... whereupon thev .«aid, that 
 . . . . they had promised and it was their duty to do herein .... interested in it as 
 our ... in the land, bouweries, raising of cattle . . . interested in the trade with the 
 savages . . . desire to . - . and come to [persuade] our savages to make peace . . . sureties 
 for the peace . . . doul>t whether the Maquaes who [live] among you [shall] keep tlicir word 
 the reply to which was yon must have confidence in them and he closed by saying, that it was in 
 his interest to liave the savages meet. The first [proposition] made by Mr. Witteits was : The 
 Dutch and the Maguas come to offer you peace, to forget all tliat has been done and to make a 
 firm covenant with you : we have no doubts, for we know,'fliat the Maquaes hold to their word 
 and we desire, that you sliould make peace with thein or leave our land and if [on your account] 
 we shall have to go to war, we will get rid of you and kill you. 
 
 They also said, the Maquaes have alwa^'s been faithful to the Dutch and onr nation, as they 
 proved at the Argansiclc, when we had a war with the savages about 30 years ago ; I myself was 
 pi-esent there at the time ; now make pe^ice when it is offered you. 
 
 The Pacamtekoc'ks answered, We have had no war for 30 years and have not ti-oubled our- 
 selves about our neighbors, the SoquacHcks, when the Maquaes were at war with them last year. 
 Let them send us a present, then we will release their prisoners and bring a present to their country, 
 thus to renew our old friendship. This was agreed to and they promised to do it. Thereupon 
 the savages left and we sent for the SoquacJcieh chiefs, who had taken refuge in the aforesaid Cas- 
 tle, to the number of 35 or 36: we talked long with them to induce them to make jieace, for the 
 war ]>ad been brought on by them and they were now too weak, to have [a chance] against the 
 Maquaes. 
 
 The il[fa</«ac5 messengers said, you have acted . .•. lik(! [oo\fi, X\\e. Onogangcs, mir real 
 enemies, have [instigated] yon . . . people you liavi; killed . . . thence came . . 
 friends the Dutch ... to make peace with you . . . whereupon the English . . . 
 to take it into consideration . . . because they wanted [to keep] the Sabbath .... to 
 make [peace] or [leave] their land . . . about midnight. 
 
 Saturday 24"' the whole day . . . to [persuade] the savages to -make peace . . . savages 
 met and about . . . whether we might not come up . . . coming to us, he said, (iood 
 . . . it being Sunday, to conclude the treaty . . . the Z>?fi;fA, about two o'clock . . . 
 have treated us with much kindness . . . the .same evening before closing the gate . . . 
 3/ajMafis messenger with his wife . . . run away, the reason why is . . . we believe 
 it was because he was afraid for his wife . . . Sunday 25"' About eleven o'clock . . . 
 we met and concluded the treaty . . . presents given according to their custom, also . . . 
 
382 Colonial Settlements 07i the Hudson River. 
 
 given a belt of wampum, that we should be witnesses to the peace now made and keep the 
 M\aq}iaes\ from breaking it as they promise to do the same. On the same day at two o'clock we 
 left the Castle, [escorted by the chief-Sachem and many others, [who came] with us to the 
 first mountain and took leave of us very kindly after we had together smoked a pipe of tobacco 
 . . . . with us 14 savages, who went along .... the three prisoners shall be released 
 as soon as the Ilaquaes come with more presents .... they are treated well, not as pris- 
 oners, but as visiting friends. 
 
 We camped that night upon a [branch] of the Fresh river near a fall, where the [fishes] 
 jumped up in swh. quantities, while wo were close by, that [the savages] made their nets ready ; 
 we had [plenty] to do [with fishing] as long as we were there and caught [some] fishes of 28 
 inches length, [we would] have caught more, but the rain prevented us. 
 
 . . . we continued our march about uoon . . . high mountains, about 5 o'c. the same . 
 . . . between one of the Maquaes messengers after the troop ... to see in a savage, in 
 his fright he threw all his things away and came running in full haste up to us .. . . with 
 their muskets in that direction but [they found nothing] and he went to pick up his things after 
 which we travelled on. 
 
 . . . We continued our march and nothing happened this day. 
 
 28"^. Again on the march we reached at abovit 10 o'c. in the morning the river above the Cahoos 
 and in the afternoon wo arrived here in Beoenoyck with several Northern savages to the great sat- 
 isfaction of the Dutch and savages. 
 
 ^ Jan D.\reth, 
 
 Jacob Loockermans. 
 
 Letter from Director Stuyvesant to the authorities at Fort Orange; 
 
 TRANSMITS THE ARTICLES OF PEACE CONCLUDED WITH THE EsOPUS InDIANS ; 
 THE NEW VILLAGE AT THE EsOPUS; ScHENECTADY. 
 
 Honorable, Dear, Faithful Friends. 
 
 This letter serves principally as cover for the enclosed articles of peace, made with the Enopus 
 savages, which we send your Honors for communication to the connnunity, that they may govern 
 themselves by the tenor thereof. Now, as upon occasion of this peace we have deemed it proper 
 and necessary (for the encouragement of the parties desirous and interested in the new village on 
 the Esojyus to take possession again of their abandoned lands) to erect there a stockaded place of 
 refuge and to keep there provisionally one half of the garrison of Wiltwyck, and as we recj[uire 
 thereto some hemlocks plancks, your Honors are hereby directed and authorized to buy from one 
 or the other party 300 to 400 plancks and to pay for thein by an order on the farmer of the excise, 
 or if he has better means to get plancks instead of wampum, then to take the plancks from 
 him at the common market price and to send them down to the Esopus by the first convenient 
 chance, directed to Capt. Lieut. Marten Cregier, to whom we have sent the necessary orders, to 
 have the fortification quickly completed. Li ease there are no plancks to be obtained or that a 
 cargo could not be made up, your Honors are earnestly charged not to fail in the utmost endeavors, 
 that they can be sent down by the first yacht following. 
 
 At the request of the parties interested in Schanectede the surveyor CoHeljou goes up here- 
 with, to survey and lay out the lands in the manner most convenient to the parties in interest. 
 Your Honors are direc'tud to take care and assist, that it may be done as quickly as possible and 
 
Netv York Ilifitorival Jltcords. 383 
 
 that tlie said Corteljoxc retiirns here by the first chance, for there are here sovei-al people waitin<^ 
 for him to have their lands surveyed. 
 
 This letter serves further as cover for the enclosed ])roclauiation for a general dav of thanks- 
 giving on account of the successful peace and especially for God's signal grace, which he has 
 shown us during the war with the Esopus savages in delivering all the Christian captives from the 
 hands of the barbarians against all human hope and expectation. Your Honors will deliver it to 
 Domine Schaats, after taking a copy, that he communicate it from the altar to the community. 
 
 (Rest luissiug.) 
 
 Oedek directing the Surveyor to lay out the laxds of ScHANHEonTEDE. 
 
 20'" May 1664. 
 
 Having taken up again the answer given to the petition of the parties interested in the lands 
 of Schanhegatede, dated the IT"* of April, the surveyor S^ Jacques Corteljou was directed, to 
 proceed by the first yacht, sailing from here, to Fort Orange, to lay out the lands in question in 
 the most convenient and suitable manner for the accommodation of the interested parties and 
 allot to every one his share. In cases of disputes between neighbors, the said Corteljou and the 
 Commissary La Montague are authorized, to reconcile the parties and if that cannot be done, to 
 report his information and the circumstances to the Director-General and Council of Ji'ew-JS'eth- 
 erland. Actum Fort Amsterdam iu New- Netherlands the 20"' of May A". 16Gi. 
 
 Grant of a piece of land at Bergen to Arent Lawrensen. 
 
 The petition of Arent Lawrensen, residing at Bergen, was taken up and read, who requests, 
 that a piece of low land, close to his plantation, may be given and granted to him ; he exhibits 
 besides an extract from the minutes of the village of Bergen, whereby it appears, that the Court 
 there has promised it to liim subject to approval. 
 
 It was decided 
 
 The petitioner may have the said piece of low land surveyed by the surveyor and after that a 
 patent shall be granted to him. Actum Fort Amsterdam, ady ut suj>ra. (29'" May 1664.) 
 
 Proclamation for a day of thanksgiving on account of the peace wrrn the 
 Esopus and circular communicating rr to tue Magistrates throughout the 
 
 COUNTRY'. 
 
 As it has pleased the Only-good God in his especial mercy to deliver all the Christian prison- 
 ers out of the barlxxrian's hands against all human expectation and to give and grant us with their 
 release an honest and advantageous peace with the Esopus savages, it is not only becoming, but 
 also very necessary, that the Only-good God be thanked and praised for it not only by the released 
 Christians, but also by all and everybody, who liave so long offered to God their prayei-s for the 
 prisoners. That this may be done so much better and with so much more unity, the Christian com- 
 
384 Colonial Settlements on the Hndson River. 
 
 munity is hereby informed, that by order of onr liigh superiors we shall close the usual monthly 
 days of prayer with a general day of thanksgiving to be held on the first Wednesday of June, 
 that is the fourth day of tiiat montli, when a sermon M'ill be preached here in the fore and after- 
 noon. Every one prepare his lieart to be truly and sincerely grateful. 
 
 Here follows the letter sent to communicate the order for a day of thanksgiving : 
 Honorable, Dear, Faithful Friends : 
 
 This serves only as cover for the enclosed proclamation for a general day of thanksgiving as 
 well on account of the desired peace as specially for God's signal mercy, which he has shown us 
 during the war with the Esopus savages in delivering all the captive Christians out of the hands 
 of the barbarians contrary to all human hope and expectation : After perusing the said notifica- 
 tion you will deliver the same to the reverend ministers of God's word, that it may by them 
 be communicated from the altar to the community. Whereupon relying we commend you to 
 God's gracious protection and remain with cordial greetings. 
 
 Tour affectionate Friends 
 The Director-General and Council of New-Netherland 
 Actum, i^o;^-^ Amderdam m New- Netherlands the 3P' May A° 1664. 
 
 Extract from a lktter of Rev. IIknrious Selyns to tite Classis of Amsterdam. 
 Lack OF Ministers ; Sad state of affairs in New-Netherland; June 9 1604.* 
 Domine Samuel Megajwlensis arrived in safety, but Domine Warnerus Hadson, wlio was 
 sent by your Rev. body as minister for the South river, died on the passage. It is necessary to 
 provide a minister in his place, as the children remain unbaptized since the death of Doin. Welius, 
 as well as on account of the diversity of sentiment jDrevailing there ; there being some who speak 
 disrespectfully of the sacred sci-iptures. Besides there is among the Swedes a certain Lutheran 
 minister, who leads an unchristian life and a person who has chosen the Lutheran ministry after 
 first having been a schoolmaster which doubtless would have done no great injury to the sheep 
 wandering without a shepherd, were it not for the unchristian life of the aforesaid minister. 
 
 You have heard of the sad state of New-Netherlamd. The Indians have killed some, wounded 
 
 others and taken a number of captives and at tiie same time burned a number of houses at Esopus. 
 
 The English have declared, that they would take our town and all Long-Island with flying colors. 
 
 ****** 
 
 Brooklyn, June 9, 1664. Henricus Selyns. 
 
 Extract from the Minutes of a Committee of the Classis of Amsterdam, Jtine 23, 1664. 
 
 A letter was read from John. Polhemus, pastor at Midwout in New-Netherland, dated April 
 22'', 1664, wherein his Rev. complains, as in his preceding letter of Sepf 21^*', 1663, that no cor- 
 respondence is maintained among the churches ; 2''. that ecclesiastical discipline is not practiced 
 by punishing the offenders ; 3''. that no means are provided for the propagation of religion among 
 the savages and the English, although authority therefor had been received. 
 
 * This letter, as well as the following Extract from the Minutes of the Classis and other correspondence be- 
 tween the clergy of New-Netherland and the Classis of Amsterdam, the Rev. E. T. Corwin, D. D., of Millstone, 
 N. J., has kindly allowed to be used. They belong to a collection in the possession of the Theological Semi- 
 nary at New Brunswick, N. J.— Ed. 
 
New York llidorical Records. 385 
 
 Commission of William Bekckman 'lo i;k Commissary at the Esofts and his instructions. 
 
 P,trH.<! S/,n/v('sani, on behalf of tlicir High : Miglit: the Lords States-General of the United 
 jVet/irr/>i/iJs an<I the Noble Lords-Directors of the Priv. AV. L Conij)any, Director-General of 
 Jfew-X'^t/itrland, Curacao, Bonmjro, Aruha and its dependencies, together with the Honorable 
 Council to all who shall see or hear this read, Greeting: Whereas we required for the adminis- 
 tration and promotion of the lion*"* Company's and our own affairs in the Esojms and its neigh- 
 borhood a suitable and experienced person, to command there in our absence as Commissary and 
 Chief officer and to manage everything to the best advantage of the said Company, Therefore 
 relying upon the capacity, piety and experience of Wilhelm Beeckman, who has for several years 
 served us in the same capacity at the South river and whose services there have well pleased us, 
 we have commissioned and appointed him, as we herewith do commission and appoint him as our 
 Commissary and Chief officer, to take care there, in our absence, of the safety of the country, the fort, 
 of the military and freemen, who are there already or may come hereafter, and to keep and maintain in 
 our name good order, administer law and justice in civil and military matters to the best of his 
 knowledge and to do further in the service of the said Company, concerning his duties and office, 
 what a good and faithful Commissary is in duty bound to do, pursuant to the oath of fidelity to 
 be taken before us. This having been taken, we hereby order, command and direct all and every- 
 body, whom it may concern, either servants of the Company or freemen, to receive, acknowledge, 
 respect and obey the said Wilhelm Beeckman as our Commissary and Officer, to give him in tlie 
 execution of his duties all help, favor and assistance, every one as far as he is concerned, for thus 
 we find it necessary for the service of the lion"'" Company and the welfare of this province. 
 Thus done and given in the meeting held by the Director-General and Council of Ifew-Nether- 
 land at Fort Aimterdam in Neto-Netherland, tiie 4'" July 1664. 
 
 Provisional instructions for Wilhdni Beeckman, Sellout and Commissary 
 at the Jisojjus. 
 
 Arrived at the Fsojm/s he shall make a pertinent inventory of all the goods and effects be- 
 longing to the Hon''''' Company, what and however they may be and I'cceivc the balance from 
 Ensign I^iesen, Matihys Cajnio and Jacoh Burhans and open and kee]> a proper account thereof 
 in the same manner, as he has done at the South river, with which we ai'e well pleased. Hence- 
 forth we shall consign to him all goods, sent thither for the garrison and they will be charged 
 against him, until he proves by a clear account, how and to whom they were distributed. 
 
 Ho shall convene the Schepens of the village of Wiltwijek in the name of the Director-Gen- 
 eral and Council of Neio-Netherland, ])reside at their meetings, count their votes and in case of 
 a tie have the deciding vote. 
 
 3. 
 
 When however he is himself a party to a suit, or acts for the privileges of the Lords Patroons 
 or on behalf of the law for the Hon'''" Fiscal, then lie must rise and leave the bench and ho shall 
 in such cases have no advisory vote, much less a deciding one; in his place one of the cx-Schepens 
 must then preside. 
 
 4. 
 
 He shall strictly govern himself in what concerns his office by the instructions, given to the 
 
S86 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Court of Justice in the village of Wiltwyck by the Director-General and Council of New-Neth- 
 erland on the 16"" of May 1664, of which a copy shall be given him for information. 
 
 5. 
 
 In our or our deputies' absence he shall further have supreme command at the Esopus and in 
 all villages already made or hereafter to be established over the Company's servants and the free- 
 men, who sliall be obliged to assist him at all occasions in the execution of his duties ; as far as 
 possible he shall maintain good order and discipline among the former and administer and uphold 
 among the others law and justice to the best of his knowledge in civil and military matters as well 
 as in criminal cases in minori gradu pursuant to the instructions ah-eady given or hereafter to be 
 given according to circumstances. 
 
 6. 
 Whereas a sad experience has taught us, that the peddling and selling of strong drink to tlie 
 savages is extremely injurious there, he is especially commanded and charged to watch closely, 
 that tlie articles and conditions, under which the peace with the Esopus savages was made on the 
 IS*^** of May 166i, are strictly observed and carried out by Christians as well as savages, and not 
 to allow, under penalty of being discharged, that any savages come to the Esopits contrary to the 
 said conditions or that any trade is carried on with them, except as stipulated by the aforesaid arti- 
 cles of peace. 
 
 7. 
 The tapsters' excise of wine, beer and distilled waters to be consumed at the Esopus, without 
 distinction of place, either in the new of in the old village, shall be let out by him at the first con 
 venient opportunity. One half of the proceeds for the first year shall be turned over to the 
 Magistrates there for the payment of the village-debts, pursuant to our order given upon their 
 petition on the 25*-'' April last past. 
 
 8. 
 
 "Whereas the Magistrates of the peace have asked our consent to levy a municipal burghers' 
 excise, to defray some necessary expenses and we have given our permission, it may be put into 
 execution at some convenient time imder the enclosed conditions, which are the same, under which 
 the excise is let within this city. Thus given provisionally at Fort Amsterdam in New-Nether- 
 land, the -i'" July 1664. 
 
 Peoposal of Seweckenamo, one of the Esopus Sachems, to have some provi- 
 sions SENT TO THEIK COUNTRY BEYOND HaVEKSTEAW. 
 
 8'" July 1664. To-day appeared in the Councilchamber at the Fort 
 
 Seweckenamo, one of the Esopus Sachems, who 
 made the following statement in presence of 
 Oratam, chief of Hackinglvesachy, Samoenaar 
 of Wiechquaeskeck, MegJitsewakes of Kichte- 
 wangh through Sarah Kierstede, the interpreter. 
 
 1. 
 
 He, Seweckenamo, comes to say, that the other Esopus Sachems cannot come according to the 
 promise made at the conclusion of the peace, for they are mostly sick and very lean because of the 
 
Neio York Uiatoricul ItecoiM. 
 
 .^87 
 
 want of food, but they will come, as soon as their corn is ripe and he comes now, to tell us. lie 
 gives an elkskin. 
 
 2. 
 Whereas all the provisions, wliich thej- h;id gatliered have been destroyed and thev liave now 
 nothing to live upon, he recpiests, that the Dutch might sell them some provisions and send them 
 to their country on the other side of TIaverstraw in a vessel, for they arc all in want and suiTcr 
 some hunger. He gives three or four strings of wampum. 
 
 The answer to the first was, that we had expected the Esojnis Sachems accordinn- to their 
 promise and that they ought to have come, that we still expected them as soon as they reeo\ered. 
 "We gave a coat of duffels to the Sachem SeivecTcenamo. 
 
 We answered, that tlie savages may freely come here to purchase, what they require, tliat it 
 was better for them to come here, than for our people to go there, but that noljody of om- people 
 shall be prevented, if he is willing, to sell them provisions in their country. We gave him some 
 wampum and a jiiece of duffels. Thus transacted and done at the Councilchamber in Fort 
 Amsterdam in New-Netherland, S"" July lOG-i. 
 
 Petttiox of Puilipp Pietersf.x Schui-i,f,r and Goosex GEERrrsEN for le.we 
 TO pukchase the Half Moon feom tue Mouegans, in okdeb to pkevent its 
 
 PURCHASE BY THE EnGLISH ; GRANTED. 
 
 To the Xoble, Yery Worshipful Honorable Pirector-Geiicral 
 and Council of Neiv-Netherland. 
 
 Respectfully show Philipp Pietersen Schnyhr and Gooscn Gcrretsen, residents of the village 
 of Beverwyck, that the Mahikanders have informed the petitioners, the English of Connetikot 
 on the Fresh river had requested them to sell a certain plain, called by the Dutch the Half 2[oon, 
 situate at the third or fourth mouth with an island between the second and third mouth, about 
 three or four leagues to the northward from here. The said Mahikanders have offered to sell 
 this land to the petitioners in preference, but as the petitioners may not do it without the consent 
 of your Hon''"' Worships, therefore they pray, that your Hon"'" Worships will grant them permis- 
 sion to purchase the said land, as it will be done for the best of the country and to keep the 
 English away from this river. Waiting for a favorable ajiostel we remain 
 Bevervjyck, Your Noble, Honorable Worships' 
 
 the 27"" May IGCi. obedient servants 
 
 PniLii'p Pietersen Sciiivler 
 GoosEN Gerketsen. 
 
 After the question had been put, it was resolved : 
 
 The Director-General and Council of JVeto-jVei/i£rland give permission to the petitioners to 
 buy the said piece of land from the lawful owners, provided that the s;mic be, as usual, transferred 
 and conveyed to the Director-General and Council as representatives of the Noble Lords Directore. 
 What the petitioners pay for it to the lawful owners, shall be refunded to them at some conven- 
 ient time or be balanced"against the tithes, but all under this riiscrvation, that if this piece of land 
 
388 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 sliould be found upon determination of the limits of the Colony of Rensselaerswyck to be within 
 the boundaries thereof, they must properly acknowledge the patroou of that Colony as their 
 patroon. Actum Fort Amsterdam iu New- Netherlands the lO"" July 1664. 
 
 P. Stuyve8.\nt 
 
 NiCASIUS DE SiLLE. 
 
 Petition of Thomas Powel and others for leave to purchase from the 
 Indians a piece of land between Kinderhook and Neutenhook ; granted. 
 
 To the "Worshipful Honorable Vice-Director and Commissaries 
 of Fort Orange and the village of Beverwyck. 
 
 Show respectfully the undersigned petitioners, burghere and inhabitants of the village of 
 Beverioyck, that they are desirous of pm-chasing a fine piece of land between Kinderhook and 
 Neutenhook. Whereas the petitioners can no longer make a living here iu this village, they are 
 obliged to settle with their families in the countiy, to gain their bread with God's help and 
 honorably. The petitioners know well, that they cannot do this without your Honoi-s' order and 
 consent and therefore they request most earnestly, that your Honors will give them permission to 
 purchase the land, while they promise to be governed by the usages of this country, like other 
 inhabitants. Awaiting hereupon a speedy and favorable answer, they remain. 
 
 Your Honors' obedient 
 
 Thomas Powel 
 /^ the mark of Tecnis Abrahamsen 
 '^ the mark of Claes van den Berch 
 Hendeick Cay. 
 /\/Y^ the mark of Jochem Ketel. 
 
 Evert Luycassen. 
 — J- the mark of Bert Bagge. 
 Jan Dircksen. 
 
 The Court of Beverwyck gave the following answer to the preceding petition : 
 The Court refers this to the Hon''''' Director-General and Council of New-Netherland to dis- 
 pose thereof according to their pleasure. Actum Fort Oranye, the 20"' June 1664. 
 ]iy order of the Court. In absence of the Clerk 
 
 LuDovicus CoBES, Court Messenger. 
 
 To the Noble, Very Worshipful Director-General and Council 
 of New-Netherland. 
 
 Whereas Tltomas Paulus, Teunis Abrahamsen, Claes van der Berck, Uendrick Cay, Joch£m 
 Ketel, Evert Luycassen, Bert Bagge, Jan Dirricksen and others, who have not yet signed, are 
 very desirous to purchase a fine piece of land between Nueten and Kinderen hoeck, for which the 
 petitioners have submitted the request here annexed to the Hon"'''' Courts of Fort Orange and 
 Beverwyck, therefore the petitioners are referred to your Hon''"' Worship and the High Council of 
 
New Yorh Historical Jieconh. 389 
 
 i7ez/>-iVe<7ie?'Za«<?, to be answered, while the petitioners do not douljt, l)ut ;i short :uid faYoral)le 
 
 decision wdi be given to them. Which doing etc*. 
 
 Actum Beverwxjck, Tour Ilou'''" Worships' obedient 
 
 the SS* June 166-i. Tuomas Powel 
 
 Jduiaen Tkunissex. 
 The foregoing petition having been received and read, it was resolved : 
 
 The Director-General and Council of Nem-Neiherland grant permission to the petitioners to 
 purchase the land in question from the lawful owners, provided that, as usual, tlie land is trans- 
 ferred and conveyed to the Director-General and Council aforesaid as representatives of the 
 Lords-Directors of the Priv. W. I. Company. Whatever the petitioners shall pay to the lawful 
 owners for the said land, shall be refunded in convenient time or be balanced against the tithes. 
 Actum Fort Amsterdani in New-Nctherland the lO"" July lG6i. 
 
 P. Stuyvesant. 
 
 NlCASIL'S DE SiLLE. 
 
 Extraordinary MEETrao held isv both the Courts at Fort Orange on the 12Tn of July lCG-1. 
 
 related by his Honor the Commissary . . . Gerr'dt Sllchtenhorst. 
 a savage, called Cajadogo, and .... from Kanjchko report to the 
 meeting that yesterday morning four Northern savages [came to] Claverack, who have been upon 
 the Maquaes path or upon .... and from the west side of the river at the Mdl Kit 
 crossed in a canoe arriving at the bouwory of Peter the Fleming and they said to them, How will 
 it be now with the Northern savages, for the Onejages have a knife and a hatchet lying upon their 
 arms ; they answered, the English had told the Northern savages to carry on the war against the 
 Maquaes. 
 
 . They say further, the Onejages had said to them. Brothers, we will not conceal it from you, for 
 you have long lived among us and have had wives and children there and you understand our 
 language well, the English have told and directed the savages, to fight or kill the Dutch and 
 Maqxuus and the English have threatened, if you do not do as we tell you, we shall kill you. 
 
 They say also, that 40 ships shall come across the sea to make war here and ask for the sur- 
 render of this country and if we were not willing to give it up, they intend to kill us all together 
 and the English shall fight against the Dutch and now the Northern savages against the Maquaes. 
 
 They say further, that at the time when the messengers of the Maquaes had come to the 
 fort of the Pacamtekock savages to confirm the peace, several Englishmen were in the fort, who 
 [urged] the savages to kill the Maquaes and they are dead now. 
 
 lie says further .... (rest illegible.) 
 
 Ordinance for the more careful navigation of the North rivkk nv slooi 
 CAPTAINS, passed IT''" Jui.v 10(54. 
 
 (Laws of New-NL'tlierland, page 4G5.; 
 
390 Colonial Settlements on the Hudmn River. 
 
 Minute of Council, coNCERimiG a communication hade to Captain Thomas 
 
 WiLLETT of complaints BX THE MoHAWKS AGAINST THE NoRTHEEN INDIANS. 
 
 24'" July 1664. 
 
 ****** 
 The complaints of the llaquaas against some Northern savages were commimicated and read 
 to Captain Thomas Willett and a copy of it was given to him, which he engaged to send to the 
 government at Boston. Ady ut supra. 
 
 Extract from a letter of Director Stutvesant to the Directors in Holland ; 
 
 THE intrigues OF THE EnGLISII AMONG THE InDIANS. 4'" AcGUST, 1664. 
 
 ****** 
 
 The next few lines serve as an introduction and explanation of the enclosures No. ; 
 
 if your Honors will please to peruse them, especially the two last letters between us and the 
 authorities of Fort Orange and the Colony of Eensselaerswyck, then your Honors will learn the 
 particulars of our new and increased anxieties, which trouble us on account of the good inhabit- 
 ants there because of the dangerous and for us not less damaging wars between the Maquaes and 
 the Northern savages : the reasons of this supposed hurtfulness have been explained and com- 
 municated to the aforesaid two courts in our letter enclosed among other papers and numbered 
 NB., so that we need not trouble your Honors with a repetition thereof. 
 
 But we must say concerning the above said, that the Maquaes pretend upon their own version 
 and perhaps reports made by our people, that the English of the North are the cause of the mas- 
 sacre of their messengers and consequently also of the present implacable and pernicious wars. 
 Your Honors' undersigned faithful servants can however not accept this version as true, they 
 believe rather, that it is a fabrication of the Maquaes, to engage us as their allies in this war. 
 This is not advisable for us for many reasons, as aside from the danger and losses arising from 
 such a war for our side, the delay if not the diversion of the furtrade must be feared. It is in 
 the meantime out of question, that, if the boundaries are once settled between us and our neigh- 
 bors, then the daily quarrels, bickerings, jealousies and claims shall be avoided from either side 
 and a good understanding and correspondence established ; these pernicious wars between the 
 Maquaes and the Northern savages would then soon be settled and brought to an end and all the 
 savages could be made to submit or at least to deliberate, when they see the Christians united and 
 drawing a line, to keep the barbarians in submission or at least quiet. 
 
 Extract from a letter of the Council to the Directors in Holland; the 
 Indian wars, IT'^" August 1664. 
 
 ****** 
 
 The new and grievous anxieties, with which we find ourselves burdened because of the 
 
 dangerous and very pernicious war between the Maquaas and the Northern savages and which 
 
 have been particularized in our former letter by the " Trouw'''' (duplicate by the " Gehruyste 
 
 Hart ") are increasing daily on account of the continiu>us excursions and expeditions made by one 
 
Ntv) York Hidorkal Records. 3'.)1 
 
 jtarty against the other. "We have therefore concluded and resolved, that his ITonor, the Director- 
 General, should make a trip to Fort Orange, to make there if ])0ssible such arrangements, that 
 our people shall not be molested by either party, who pass along there every day as well as throu'^li 
 a new settlement formed lately a few leagues from there inland ; however we have little, but still 
 some hope for it, when the contending parties shall observe that our people keep neutral and treat 
 one as frieiidlv as the other. 
 
 Letter FRoii Eev. SAiiuEL Deisius to the Classis of Amstkrdaji : State of 
 
 THE ReFOEMED CuUKCH. 
 
 Reverend, Learned and Beloved Brethren in Christ Jesus! 
 
 I find I have a ktter from the Kev. Classis, which I have not answered. Having an oppor- 
 tunity by our brother. Rev. Ilenricus Selyns, I could not neglect the opportunity of writing to 
 you. We had indeed wished that Dom. Selynx might have remained longer among us, both on 
 account of his diligence and success in preaching and catecliizing and also on account of his humble 
 and exemplary walk. He has attached very many unto him, among them a number of the negroes, 
 who are greatly grieved by his departure. But considering the fact, that he owes filial obedience 
 to his parents, it is the will of God, that he should leave us. ***** * 
 
 Li i-eference to the places, in which he preached viz. : the town of Brooklyn and the Bouwerie, 
 it is not yet positively decided, but 1 think it probable, that the son of Dom. Mcgajyolensis, who 
 has recently come over, will take the charge of them, as he has not been sent by our patrons to 
 any other place. The French on Stateiv- Island woidd also gladly have a preaclier, but their 
 families are few in number and poor, so tliat they cannot contribute much to the support of the 
 Gospel and as our support here is unpunctiial and small, there is no probability, that they will 
 settle a preacher. In the meantime, that tiiey may not be wholly destitute Governor Stuyvciant, 
 at their request, has permitted me to go and preach there every two months and administer the 
 Lord's Supper. This I have done for about a year : in the winter season it is troublesome on 
 account of the great water or bay, which must be crossed, and the showers and storms, which 
 occiu-. *****«»•»* ^ « * 
 
 New-Amsterdam, Samuel DkKius. 
 
 Auir. li'" 1064. 
 
 Pethton of the Injiap.itants of Wp:stchestek to the English Commissioners. 
 
 To the Hono'''" his Ma'''" Com" for the affaires of New-England Tlio 
 Inhabitants of West Chester Ilambly Shew. 
 
 L That the said Tract of Land called West Chester was purchased for large Sumes under the 
 Title of England by Mr. Thos. Pell of the Knowne Ancient proprietors in yo yeai-e 1G54. 
 2. The pretended power of the Manhatoes did thereupon continue protesting ag' and threating 
 of the said Plantacon keeping the Inhabitants at continual watch and ward until at length the 
 persons of Twenty-three Inhabitants of West Chester aforesaid were seized under Commission 
 from the said powers, committed Rrisonei-s into the llould of a Vessell, where they continued iu 
 
392 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 restraint from all friends for the space of thirteene dayes, fed with rotten Provision creeping with 
 wormes, whereby some of them remained diseased to this day, after w* they were carryed away 
 in Ghaines, and layed in tlieir Dungeon at Manhattoes. 
 
 3. That the said Inhabitants had perished w"" famine in the said Imprisonment, but for the relief 
 obtained at other hands. 
 
 4. That all this snilering was inflicted on them under noe other pretence, but that they were 
 opposers of ye Dutch Title to the Lands afores"". 
 
 5. That when the said p'"tended powers had freed the said Prisoners and introduced their own 
 G-overnm' over the s'' PlantaQon they drove away such as would not submit to their p''tended 
 Authority, to their great Endamagem' and the enslaving of such as remained. 
 
 6. That when in May 1663 the said Plantacon was reduced to the King's authority, by virtue of 
 his Ma'"' Patent to Connecticutt, the pretended powers aforesaid, sent in hostile manner for 
 certaine Inhabitants of West Chester, whom they confined in Manhatoes and the next day sent for 
 one Mr. Richard MiUs, whom they cast into their Dungeon and afterwards soe used him for thirty- 
 eight dayes space, as there are yet strong and crying presumtions, they caused his death, which 
 followed soone after. 
 
 7. That the unreasonable damage of the Purchaser and the low estate of the Plantacon occa- 
 sioned by the premisses, hath had no other recompense to this day, but new threatenings and 
 thereby an utter obstruction from the peopleing and improving of a hopefuU countrey, all which 
 as an unsufferable abuse to his Eoyal Ma"*" and our English Nation is humbly oflEered to the con- 
 sidera(;on of the Hon"" Commiss". Aug. 22, 1664 O. S. 
 
 Information of English intrigues among the Esopus Indians. 
 
 27"' August A" 1664. 
 
 Carstangh, a Hachinghesachy savage, says, that he has heard last night from a Maquaas, who 
 was on the west shore of the Narthriver, some Englishmen, among a chief of the English, had 
 said : Well, as the Dutch have so beaten you, what will you give us, if we kill the Dutch. There- 
 upon the savages handed to the English a bag with wampum and promised the land of the Esopus. 
 
 Order, directing the commanding officer at the Esopus to being down his 
 detachment, as the English fleet is at Najack. 
 
 Honorable, Dear, Faithful Sir. 
 
 The bearers hereof will, no doubt, inform you minutely of the very distressed and anxious 
 statCj in which we are, seeing that English ships, four in numl)er, have arrived in the bay yesterday 
 and cast anchor near Nayack, intending, as the report goes, to bring first Long and Staten-Island 
 under the Iving's authority and then attack also this, the principal place. If that is lost, the 
 whole country is lost. We have therefore resolved for the better protection of this fort and conse- 
 quently of the whole country to call down here the military, except that the Redoubt remain 
 properly garrisoned. You are therefore directed, to send upon receipt hereof the Sergeant with 
 the rest of the men immediately to this place. Meanwhile we will recommend to all of you to be 
 
New York Hiatorical Mevonls. ?S'i 
 
 well on your guard, whereupon relying we commend yon to God's mercy and protection and 
 remain with cordial salutations 
 
 Fort Amsterdam, Yonr affectionate friends 
 
 the 29'" August A" 1664. The Director-General and Council of Ntw-Netherland. 
 
 Postscript. 
 
 The Sergeant must be instructed and ordered, to keep a good look-out, while coming down 
 and if an opportunity offers, send ahead a savage, to find out, whether any strange vessels are in 
 his way. If he heai"s of any, he can land his men and come down through the woods or as best 
 as he can. 
 
 Letter from Rev. Samuel Drisius to the Classis of Amsterdam ; the bxtreen- 
 DEK OF New-Amsterdam to the English. 
 
 To the reverend, learned and pious brethren of the Reverend Classis of Amsterdara. 
 
 I cannot refrain from informing you of our present condition, viz. : that we are now brought 
 under the govermuent of the King of England. 
 
 On the ae**" of August there arrived in the bay of the North river, near Staten-hlnnd, four 
 large men-of-war or frigates, well mounted and manned with soldiers and marines. They had a 
 patent or commission from the King of Great Britain to summon this province to surrender and 
 to take possession of it in the name of his Majesty. If this was not done amicably, the place 
 was to be attacked with violence and every thing given up to the English soldiers for sacking, 
 rapine and booty. The people here were not a little frightened at the arrival of these frigates. 
 
 Our rulers, the Director and Council, as also the officers of the City, took the matter very 
 much to heart. They earnestly endeavored to delay the affair by repeated embassies to the Gen- 
 eral, liichard NicholU, requesting that the business should be submitted to his Majesty of Eng- 
 land and the Lords States of Holland ; but all was in vain. They disembarked their soldiers 
 about two miles off at Gravesend, and then marched them on foot over Long Island to the ferry 
 opposite this place. The frigates came up under full sail on the 4"" of September. They had put 
 all their cannons on one side, having orders and intending, if any resistance were offered, to 
 pour a fuU broadside into this open place and so take the city by assault giving up every thing to 
 plunder and massacre. 
 
 Our honorable superiors, both of the W. I. Company and of the City, wore fully inclined to 
 defend the place ; but they realized, that it would be impossible, as the town was not in a defensi- 
 ble condition and that even if it were fortified it could not be done, as .all the men within the 
 bounds of the City could defend only one-fourth part of the City's front ; there was also but a 
 slender supply of powder either in the fort or in the town and no hope of deliverance or aid could 
 be entertained. Every day the concourse of the English, both on foot and on horseback, increased ; 
 they came from New England with desire to pillage the place ; they offered their services against 
 us as privateers, being about 600 in number, according to report, with 50 French privateers. The 
 English permitted this. Therefore our authorities at the urgent request of tlie inhabitants and 
 burghers, were obliged, although unwillingly, to resolve to come to terms in order to prevent pil- 
 lage and bloodshed. 
 50 
 
394 Colonial tSettlements on the Hudson Hiver. 
 
 After the surrender of the place several English people, whom we have long known and who 
 were well affected towards us, came to us and said, that God had singularly overruled the matter, 
 in that the province had passed over by treaty ; otherwise nothing else could have happened but 
 pillage, murder and general ruin. This is also confirmed by several soldiers, who say, that they 
 came liither from England in hope of booty, and since it has turned out so differently, they de- 
 sired permission to return to England. 
 
 It is stipulated iu the articles [of surrender], that the religious teaching shall continue as 
 before and the ministers shall remain. "We could not abandon our congregation and hearers ; we 
 judged, that we must continue with them for a time at least and perform our duties, lest they 
 should become entirely scattered and grow wild. 
 
 The iVest India Company owes me quite a sum, whicli I hope and desire will be paid. Thus 
 I close, commending your persons and services to the love of God. I remain . 
 
 Tour Reverences' Obedient Brother 
 Manhattan, Se^it. IS"', 1664. Samuel Drisius. 
 
 \\ 
 
 i 
 
Second Period. 
 
 The Province under English Rule, from the Surrender by the 
 Dutch to the establishment on Counties. 
 
 (1664 to 1684. ) 
 
 License to pitrchase Indian Lands at the Nevesinks ; a warrant to Wm Golpinge, etc. 
 
 UjX)n the request of Wm. Gcddinge, James Grover and John Broume, in behalf of them- 
 selves and their associates, I do hereby authorize them to treate and conchide with the several 
 Sacliims of the Nevisans or any othei-s concerned, about the purchase of a parcel of lands lyeing 
 and being on tiie maine extending from Chmvyoranissa near the mouth of tlie Rm-itanfi River 
 unto Pmitopecke for the doeing wliereof this shall be their warrant. Given under my hand at 
 fort James iu New Yorke on Manhattans island this 17'" day of October 166i. 
 
 E. NiCOLLS. 
 
 Ordkr directing the Magistrates of Bergen, N. J., lo receive and quarter a 
 garrison of soldiers. 
 
 You are hereby required to receive into your town Corporal Powell witli the souldiers under 
 his command and them to accommodate with lodging, not above two of them to bed in any one 
 house and furtliur you are required to joyne si.x of the inhabitants with three of the soldiers to 
 be upon constant guard, to secure the peace of the said towud until furthur order whereof you 
 are not to faill. Given uuder my hand a,t fort James. 
 
 To the magistrates of Bergen. 
 
 Permission to purchase land from the Indians given to Philii-p Pietkrsen Schuyler. 
 
 Upon tlie Petition of Philipp Pietersen Schxiyler That hee may have Liberty to Purchase a 
 
 certaine Pareell of Land of the Natives, lying and being \\ea.Yffori Albany, as in the said Petition 
 
 is exprest ; I do hereby grant Liberty unto the said Philips Pietersen Schuyler, so to do, of wliich 
 
 when hee shall bring a due Certificate unto mee, hee shall have a Patent for the siiid Liuids by 
 
 Authority from his Royale Ilighnesse the Puke of Yorke for the farther Confirmation thereof. 
 
 Given under my hand a.tj'ort James in JVcw Yorke on Manhatans Island this oO"' day of March 
 
 1665. 
 
 Rich. Nicolls. 
 
306 Colonial Settlements on tlie Hudson Mlver. 
 
 Peemission to puechase land at Claverack from the Indians given to Johannes 
 Clcte and Jan Hendeick Beuyn. 
 
 Upon the PetiQon of Johannes Clute and Jan Jlendriek Bruyns, That they may have leave 
 and Liberty to Purchase of the Indyans, a certaine parcell of Land lying and being on the west 
 side of y" North River and against Clave Hack near ffort Albany, as in their Peti9on is exprest 
 and that they may likewise Plant the same, I do hereby Grant leave and Liberty unto the said 
 Johannes Clute and Jan Hendrich Bruyns to make Purchase, thereof and to Plant it Accord- 
 ingly, as is desired, of which, when they shall bring unto mee a due certificate, Tliey shall have a 
 patent for the said Lands by Authority from his Eoyall Highnesse the Duke of Yorke for their 
 farther Confirmacjon therein. Given under my hand at ffort James in New Yorke this 1*' day 
 of April 1665. 
 
 Rich". Nicolls. 
 
 Patent for the Land at the Neveesinck, N. J. 
 
 To All whome these presents shall come I, Richard Nicholls, Esquire, Govemour under his 
 Poyall highness. The Duks of York, of all his Territories in America Send Greeting : "Whereas 
 there is a certain tract or parcell of Land within this Government, Ij'ing and being near Sandy 
 point upon the maine, which said parcell of land hath been with my consent and approbation 
 bought by some of the Inhabitants of Oravesend on Long-Island of the Sachems, chief pro- 
 prietors thereof, who before me have acknowledged to receive sattisfaction for the same to the end 
 the said Land may be planted, manured and Inhabited and for divers other good causes and con- 
 siderations, I have thought fitt to give, confirm and grant and by these presents Do give, confirm 
 and grant imto Wm. Goulding, Sa7n. Spicer, Ric. Gihhons, R'tc. Stout, James Grover, John 
 Boon, In'. Tilton, Nat. Silvester, Wm. Reep, Walter Clark, Nicholas Dams, Ohediah Holmes, 
 Pattentees and their Associates, their Heirs, successors and Assignes, all that tract and part of tlie 
 maine land beginning att a certaine place conionly called or knowne by the name of Sandy point 
 and so running along the Bay W. N. "W., till it comes to y" mouth of the Raraton River, from 
 thence goeing along the said River to the Westermost part of a certaine Mash Land, which divides 
 the River into two parts and from that part to Run in a direct S. W. line into y° "Woods twelve miles 
 and y° to turn away S. E. 6d untill it fall into y° maine Ocean together with all Lands, Sayles, 
 Rivers, Creeks, Harbours, Mineral (Royall Mines excepted), Quarries, "Woods, Meadows, Pastures, 
 Marshes, "Waters, Lakes, Fishings, Hunting, Hawkeing and Fowleing and all other profitts, 
 comodities and hereditaments to the said Land and premises belonging and appertaining with 
 their and every of their appurtenances and of every part and parcell thereof. To have and to hold 
 all and Singular the said Lands, premises and hereditaments with their and every of their appurten- 
 ances hereby given and granted or hereinbefore mentioned to be given and granted is to the only 
 proper use and behoof of the said pattentees and their Associates, their heirs, successors and 
 assignes forever upon such terms and conditions as hereafter are expressed (viz'.) That the said 
 pattentees and Associates, their heires and assignes, shall within the space of Three yeares, begin- 
 ning from the day of the date hereof, manure and plant the aforesaid Land and premisses and 
 settle there One hundred families att least, In consideration whereof I do promise and grant, that 
 the said pattentees and their associates, their heires, successors and assignes, shall enjoy the said 
 Lands and premisses with their appurtenances for the terme of seven years next to come after tlie 
 date of these pi'esents, free from payment of any Rents, Customes, Excise, Tax or Levey whatso- 
 
jS'c-w York Ilintorival Records. 807 
 
 ever but after the expiration of said terme of seven j'eares the persons, who shall he iiv possession 
 thereof shall pay after the same rate with others within this His Eoyall Ilighnesso his Territories 
 shall be Obleiged unto, and the said pattentees and their associates, their heirs, successors and 
 assignes shall have free leave and liberty to erect and build Towns and villages in such places, as 
 they in their discretions shall think most convenient ; Provided, that they associate themselves and 
 that the hou'ses of their Townes and villages lye not too farr distant and scattering one from the 
 other and also they make such fortifications for tlieir defence ag'. an Enemy, as may seem need- 
 full. And I do likewise grant unto the Pattentees and their associates, their heires, successors 
 and assignes and unto any and all other persons, whe shall plant and Inhabitt in any of the Lands 
 aforesaid, that they shall have free liberty of conscience without any Molestation or disturbance 
 whatsoever in their way of worship. And I do further grant vmto the aforesaid Pattentees, their 
 heires, successors and assignes, that they shall have liberty to Elect by the vote of the major part 
 of the Inhabitants five or seven other persons of the ablest and discreetest of the said Inhabitants 
 or a greater number of them, (if the Pattentees, their heires, successors and assignes shall see cause) 
 to I'oyne with them and they together or the major part of them shall have full power and 
 authority to make such peculiar prudentiall Lawes and constitutions amongst the Inhabitants for 
 the better and more orderly governing of them, as to them shall seem meet : Provided they be 
 not repugnant to the publick Lawes of the Government : And they shall also have liberty to try 
 all Causes and Actions of Debt and trespass arising amongst themselves to the value of Ten 
 })()unds without appeale. But that they remitt the hearing of all criminall matters to the Assizes 
 att Neio Tarh and furthermore I do promise and grant unto y'= Pattentees and their Associates 
 aforementioned, their heires, successors and assignes, that they shall in all things have cquall 
 priviledgcs, freedomes and Immunities w"" any of his Ma""'' Subjects within this Govcrnm'. The 
 said Pattentees, their Associates, heires, successors and assignes rendring and paying such Duties 
 and aeknowledgm'^ as now are or hereafter shall be constituted and established by the Lawes of 
 this Government under the obedience of his Koyall Highness, his heires and successors : Pro- 
 vided they do no ways Infringe the Priviledges above said. Given under my hand and Scale att 
 Fort James in JV'ew T&rk on Manhattans Island the S"- day of April in the IT"" year of the 
 Reigne of Our Soveraigne Lord Charles the Second, By the Grace of God of Fmjhmd, Scotland, 
 France and Ireland King, Defender of the Faitli, and in the Year of our Lord God 1GG5. 
 Entred In the Ofiice of Records Kichabd Niccolls. 
 
 In JVew York the day and year above written, 
 
 MATruiAS Niccoi.Ls, Seer''. 
 
 Indian Deed fou Caniskkk (Athens, Greene Co.) 
 
 (Fort Orange Rccorfls. Vols. Deeds No. 1.) 
 
 Whereas Jan Cloet, Jan Hendrichsen Brmjn and Jurian Teunissen have produced before 
 
 the Court of Albany the consent given to tlieir petition, of his Honour the Governour oi New 
 
 York, to purchase from the Indians a certain parcel of land, situate on the west side of the JSorth 
 
 river opposite to the Claverraek near Fort Albamij. 
 
 Therefore appeared before me, the undersigned Secretary of Alhan,,, five savages, named Sachn- 
 rnoes, Mmoinata, also c»\\eAScherm.'rhoorn, Kees^e II- y, Papenua, Ma^r.h^i, owners and ].ropric- 
 
398 
 
 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 tors of the said land, representing the otlier co-owners, who declared in the presence of the under- 
 signed witnesses, that they have sold, ceded and transferred, as they herewith cede and transfer 
 the same to the real and actual possession of and for the benefit of tlie aforesaid Jan Cloet and 
 Jan Hendricksen Brriyn, to wit, the land called Caniskelc, which stretches along the river from 
 the land of Fieter Bronh down to the valley, lying near the point of the main land behind the 
 Baeren Jdand, called Macliawameck, and runs into the woods both at the North and South ends 
 to the Katskil road. The price for it is a certain sum to be paid in merchandise, which they, the 
 sellers, acknowledge to have received from the "purchasers to their full satisfaction; they there- 
 fore renounce their fonner claims and declare Jan Cloet and Jan Hendricksen Bruyn to be the 
 lawful owners of the land, promising, etc. 
 
 Thus done at Albany in the presence of Ilarmen Bastiansen and Hendrich Gerritsen, called 
 in as witnesses, the 20'" of April 1665 Old Style. 
 
 This is tlie mark ^— l— of Keesje Wet 
 
 Harmen Bastiens, 
 
 Hendkick Gekkitsen, witnesses. 
 
 In my presence, 
 
 JoHANNis Pkovoost, Sec'y. 
 
 Tliis is the mark 
 
 ark f==«:r^ o 
 
 f Sachamoes 
 
 This is the mark ^-C- of Pai 
 This is the mark (^Srt of M/ 
 
 This is the mark 
 
 of Mawinata alias 
 
 SCHKKMEKHORN 
 
 OEnER CONOEENING THE SETTLEMENT OF THE N: 
 
 Whereas I am informed that yo" Richard Gibhons are one of the seven men made choyce of 
 by the rest of the Persons concerned for the Ordering and laying out of such Lands, as the Gen"" 
 hath given Leave unto you and yo' Partners to Purchase of the Natives of Navesand, and the 
 Purchasers having proposed and promised to the Gen*" to lay out some Townes and to Plant and 
 Build near one to another, for their mutuall Safety and Security ; These are to require you, that 
 yo" take care, that the Persons, who are gone over with yo" or shall hereafter go, do Settle and 
 make their Planta9ons as neare together as conveniently they can and every Person concerned 
 therein is duly to observe the Rules Agreed upon for your Settlement in those Parts, and promised 
 to be performed by you ; and if at any time, you shall discover any Shipps or Yessells upon the 
 Coast, that you immediately give Notice thereof unto mee or send the Intelligence to the Inhab- 
 itants of Gravesend, who I have ordered to repair hither, according as in yo"" Judgments may bee 
 thought the quickest dispatch and the Persons Employed shall bee satisfied for their Paines. 
 
 Given under my hand aXfort Ja/)nes in New Yorke this 30"" day of Aprill 1665. 
 
 EOBEBT NeEDHAII. 
 
 To RicKd. Gibbons or whom else this may concern. 
 
New YwTc Historical Records. 399 
 
 Indian Deed foe land neak Kindeehook. 
 (Fort Orange Records. Deeds 3.) 
 
 Before me Johannis Provoost, Secretary of the Court of Albany and Captain John Manning 
 appeared a Muhicander Indian, named Wattawit, proprietor of a certain parcel of land, situate 
 back of the Kinderhook, which he declares in the presence of Jan Dareth, acting as interpreter, 
 to have sold, ceded and conveyed to Evert Luycassen, as he herewith cedes and conveys it. The 
 aforesaid land lies East of the Eil and is half of the middle piece ; he declares, that he has given 
 the other half to Volckert Jansen as a present and token of his friendship to satisfy an old debt 
 for corn, also that he renounces his right to the middle piece east of the Kil acknowledging Evert 
 Luycassen and VolcTcert Jansen as the lawful owners thereof and to have received full satisfac- 
 tion from Evert Luycassen. 
 
 Thus done at Fort Albany, the 6'" May 1665 Old Style. 
 
 This is the mark "j^t ^ of Matiawit. 
 
 • made by himself. 
 
 The mark (^^ of Musquamseeck, 
 made by himself as witness. 
 John Manning. The mark of (^ of Oramp Snade, 
 
 In my presence, by himself as witness. 
 
 Johannis Peovoost, Secretary. Jan Dareth. 
 
 An Agreement made between Hichaed Nicolls Esq*^ Goveeno" under his 
 
 ROYALL HiGHNESSE THE DuKE OF YoEK AND THE SaCHEMS AND PeoPLE CALLED 
 
 THE Safes Indyans. 
 
 (Minutes of the Kingston Trustees.)* 
 1. That no Act of Hostillity shall at any time bee committed on either part or if any dam- 
 age shall happen to bee done by either Party to the Come, Cattle, Horses, Hoggs, Houses or any 
 other Goods whatsoever of the other Party full satisfa9on shall be given upon demand for the 
 same. 
 
 2. That if any Christian shall wilfully kill an Indyan or any Indyan a Christian hee shall bee 
 put to death. And the said Sachems do promise on their parts to bring any such Indyan to ye 
 officer in Chief e at the Sopes, to receive his Punishment there. 
 
 3. That a convenient House shall bee built, where the said Indyans may at any time Lodge 
 without the Ports of the said Towne, in which House y^ Indyans are to leave their Armes and may 
 come without molestagon, to sell or Buy what they please from the Christians. 
 
 4. That in Case any Christian should kill an Indyan or any Indyan a Christian, the Peace 
 shall not bee broaken or any Eevenge taken, before Satisfa9on is demanded by the one Party and 
 refused by the other, allowing a competent time for the apprehending of the Offender, in which 
 Case the Indyans are to give Hostage, till y= Offender is brought to Puuishm', the said Hostage 
 is to bee civilly treated and shall suffer no other Punishm'. but Imprisonm'. 
 
 * This is the only document saved from the "Wiltwyck (Kingston) Records previous to 1084. According to 
 an entry in the first volume of 1684, there have been 24 volumes of Dutch mmutes which seem to be completely 
 lost. 
 
400 
 
 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson liiver. 
 
 5. That the said Sachems and their Subjects now psent do for and in the names of them- 
 selves and their heires forever, give, Grant, alienate and coniirme all their Right and Interest, 
 Claime or demand to a certaine Parcell of Land, lying and being to the west and Southwest of a 
 Certaine Creeke or River called by the name of Kahankson & so up to the head thereof, where 
 the old ffort was. And so witli a direct line from thence through the woods and Crosse the Mead- 
 owes to the Great Hill lying and being to the West or Southwest, which great Hill is to bee 
 the true west or Southwest Bounds of the said Lands, And the said Creeke called Kahanlsen, 
 
 the North and Northeast Bounds of the said Lands herein mentioned, to bee given, granted 
 and confirmed unto the said Richard Nicolls, Governo'' under his Royal Highnesse the Duke of 
 York or his Assignes by the Sachems and their Subjects forever, to hold and Enjoy the same as 
 his free Land and Possession against any Clayme hereafter to bee made by the said Sachems or 
 their Subjects or any their heires and successo". Li token of the afores'' Agreemen', the afore- 
 said Sachems do deliver two small Sticks and in confirma9on thereof do deliver two more small 
 sticks to the said Richard Nicolls, And in the name of the Indyans, their Subjects, one of the 
 Subjects do deliver two other round Small Sticks in token of their Assent to the said Agree- 
 ment. And the said Richard Nicolls does deliver as a p'sent to their Sachems three Laced Redd 
 Coates. 
 
 6. The said Sachems doth Engage to come one every yeare and bring some of their young 
 People to Acknowledge every Part of this Agreem'. in the Sopes, to the end that it may be kept 
 in perpetuall memory. 
 
 7. That all past Injuryes are buryed & forgotten on both sides. 
 
 8. That the young Sachem, called Wingeerinoe, hath Liberty for three yeares to Plant upon 
 a small neck of Land over against a Small Creeke called Vloughkawahanoe, unlesse the said young 
 Sachem bee warned Off by Order to remove and give place to such Christians, as shall have Order 
 from the said Richard Nicolls or his Assignes to Plant there, at which time the said young 
 Sachem is to receive a Blankett, by way of Courtesie, and to remove to the other side of the 
 Creeke without delay or Clayniing any future Interest thereupon. 
 
 9. In considera9on of the p'misses, the said Richard Nicolls doth further give and pay to 
 the said Sachems and their Subjects forty Blanketts, Twenty Pounds of Powder, Twenty Knives, 
 Six Kettles, Twelve Barrs of Lead, which paym'. wee acknowledge to have received in full satis- 
 fac9on for the p'misses And do bind Ourselves, Our heires & Success" forever to p'forme every 
 Part of this Agreem'. w^''out any fraud or reserva9on of minde. And further that wee will main- 
 tayne and justifie the said Richard Nicolls or his Assignes in the full & Peaceable Possession of 
 the said Tract of Land, Royalties and Priviledges forever against any Nation of Indyans whatso- 
 ever, p-'tending right to the same ; In testimony whereof. Wee have Sett our Markes to two 
 severale Writings, the one to remaine in the hands of the Sopes Sachems, the other upon Record 
 at New York, this T"" day of October 1665. 
 
 r The marke of 
 
 Witnesses, 
 
 Jeremias vati Rennsellaer, 
 Philip Pietersen Schuyler, 
 Robert Nedham, 
 S. Salisbury, 
 Edw. Sachvile. 
 
 Sachims - 
 
 Rioh'd Nicolls. 
 Onaokatin, 
 
 The marke of i Waposhequiqua, 
 The marke of (^ Sewakonama, 
 
 The marke of 
 
 SCHEEVOTIN. 
 
Keto York Historical Ilecords. 401 
 
 ludyaii Witnesses, of the Eao^x's young men. 
 Pepdickhais i,a 
 The markes of Robin Cinnaman (^O '^ Pulwt Sachem 
 Eemawmi N Jy 
 Bywackus ^ 
 Sept. 25"" 1669. There appeared the second and tliird Sachems ahoveiiamed and owned their 
 markes Witnes Mechecock his inarke <i /lAj-\ry\/' 
 
 Aprile the ll"" 167' >. Tiiere appeared before mee a new made Sachem of the Sopez Indyaus 
 named Calcop, who hath this day owned and Confirmed tlie Ag-roement made between Uoll 
 Nicolln & y° Indyans for y" Land adiacent to Sopez as appears by his marke here imder set. 
 The marke -A-' of Sachem Calcop. 
 
 Witnes liere imto 
 
 Dudley Lovelace, Pres'. 
 
 Thomas Chambers 
 
 WiLH. Beeckman 
 
 Henry Pawling 
 Lidyan Witnesses 
 
 Tantapawhe]': \\- Sachem Calcop his young son. 
 
 Mamasheenan. 
 On the 27"" January 1671 the Sachems have renewed these Articles of Peace. 
 
 The mark ) of Asinnirahan, Sachem. 
 
 6C 
 
 The mark J^ of Bowaskus, young Sachem, 
 C sou of Siwhinamiea, Sachem. 
 Thomas Chambers 
 Isaac Greveneaedt 
 Henry Pawling 
 Jan Willimsen 
 Quod attestor ' Cornelis Barentsen Slecht, 
 
 W. De La Montagne, Reerctary. George Hall. 
 
 This 5 Febr''. 167-4 tlie undersigned Empns Sachems have again renewed tlie peace with the 
 English agreeable to an order from the Right Honorable Go\'ernor Edmond Aiidros and have 
 again signed these Articles. 
 
 Witnesses Tlie mark of ^--^ Sewakenamie 
 
 Thomas Chambers T,,^^ ,,^.^,.,^ ,,^ (^ Asenekack Sachems 
 
 George Hall, Sheriif j^^^,. ^_^ witnesses, of the young people. 
 Coenelis VVynkoop 
 
 JoosT Adkyaensen Tlie mark -! of TAMAGn>(-> 
 
 j^ Wassemo 
 
 William Asfordbie. 
 Testis 
 
 William La Montagne, ^r-m-tery. C K'^^^''«"'i'^NEcn. 
 
 51 
 
402 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Jan^. 22 1676 Febr''. 23 1678 
 
 ? 1677 Febr. 11 1680 
 
 This day all the Indians have acknowledged, that the land called Easineh, which Kentkamin 
 lias given to Harmen Hendrix and Hendricus Beeoqman, shall belong to them and that they 
 may dispose of it at their pleasure. la testimony whereof they have signed this, as follows 
 
 The mark Ji\T~~~ of Kentkamin 
 
 '^■'Xr^i/^ Sewakanamie 
 
 ~^ Pahnrewack 
 
 Jan>'. 19, 1681 j\ ) Koepawa 
 
 Febr^ 23, 1682 (iHV^^- - Sasakabop 
 
 (Endorsed.) Rec'd. these Records iu Court of Sessions of Sarah Rosecrans, the 3d October 1733. 
 
 Letter feom Gov'e. Nicolls to the Inhabitants of Westchester concerotno 
 THE LiMrrs of the town. 
 
 Fort James, 28"' December 1665 
 When you were last w"" mee I did tell yo" that I should send some Persons authorized to 
 lay out y" Bounds of Westciiester in w"''- Re9olu9on I still remain, but upon due considera9on and 
 Advice, I have found it necessary, That in the first Place yo" make an Enquiry into every man's 
 Estate now dwelling w"'in the Limitts intended for your Towne and remitt the same to my Con- 
 sidera^on. To the end, that w"" y" better Equality, the whole being divided into Lotts, every man 
 may have his proporpon of Lotts according to y" Estate wherewith hee doth value hiraselfe Rate- 
 able in y* Assessments : The Sooner yo" shall dispatch and send this Breviate to mee, the Sooner 
 will yo'' Settlement bee made and tliose Persons, whom I shall send to that purpose, will have a 
 Shorter worke, ray whole Endeavours being to lessen yo"" Charge and increase yo'' Satisfac(;on, 
 whereunto I expect yo'' full compliance and remaine 
 
 i'our loving ffriend Rioh'd. Nicolls. 
 
 To the Constable and Overseers of Westchester, to be communicated 
 to j^ Inhabitants and farmers in and about Westchester. 
 
 Indian Deed for Land in Westchester (Town of Harrison) to John Rudd. 
 
 To all Christian People, Indians and others whom it may Concerne, that wee whose names 
 are hereunto subscribed living upon Hudson's river in America, Shonorocka, Sagemore and 
 Romackqiie and Patlmnge. Whereas wee have formerly sold a tract of Land unto Mr. John 
 Rudd seniour bounded on the Sea on the South, on the North by Westchester path and the name 
 of the tract of Land is comonly called Apauamis. And whereas wee have sold unto the said 
 Mr. John Rudd twenty Ejujlish miles iiortliwards from the above s* tract of Land, which is called 
 
New Yorh Ilintoricul Ittcords. 403 
 
 Aj)auamm is the above s'' twenty Emjl'ish Miles Wee do ;icknowled<;e tliat -weo liavo sold unto 
 Mr. John Eudd for Eange for feed for Timber for Grasing to liiiu and his heirs forever and now 
 wee do acknowledge that we have bargained sold and delivereil, \vee and every one of us for o' 
 Heirs Executors and Assignes joyntly and severally unto Jolin liiuld his Heirs Executors and 
 Assignes a tract of Land lying within the Conipas of the above s'' Twenty Emjlhli mile bounded 
 on the south by Westchester path and on the East by the Blind, hrook and on tiio "West by 2Iamori- 
 naeJc river and the Northbound is sixteen Miles English from Westchester 2>ath up into the Countrv 
 for which land wee have received already in hand a Certaine sunie to the value of Twenty pounds 
 starling for the above s'^ tract for w''» land wee are fully satisfied by the s*" John Rudd ffor the 
 above s'' tract of land for the which wee do acknowledge wee have bargained sold and delivered 
 unto John Riidd and his Heirs forever with Warranty against all men Enejlish Dutch and Indians 
 and do give him full possession and promise so to keep him to the which Bargaine and Agreeni' 
 wee have hereunto set o'' hands this day being the 29"' of Aprill IGCC. 
 AVittnes Joseph Hoeton 'pj,^. ,,^.^^.1- C^ „f s,i.,nokocke 
 
 Wittnes John Rawls 
 The mark ,--7 of Cookeo the The mark ^ of EuMAoKciUE 
 
 Indian. 
 
 irk / 
 
 The mark / of P. 
 
 May 10"' 1673 p' me 
 
 John Allyx Secr>' Collony of Connecticut. 
 
 A Letter wihttkn by \^ Governo"^ Order unto Mr. Thomas Pell, concernino 
 HIS LAND IN Westchester. 
 
 Memoranock, July 3'', 106(1 
 
 The Governo"' having been Informed by Mr. Delavall and others that yo" Coinplaine of very 
 hard Measure that you have rec"* in that hee disposeth of the Lands at WestoJiester and there about 
 to which you pretend a Title; his Hono'' gave mee Order to acquaint you, tliat for y'^ present hee 
 hatli putt a Stopp to Westchester Patent, as well as others there about (although they have for 
 some time laying ready for his Passing) That if you have any just Clayme to those Lands or 
 Exceptions to what hee doth, or is about to do, you may deliver them in to him. But hee con- 
 ceiveth, no Person hath a more Lawfull Power to dispose thereof, than himselfe by vcrtuc of his 
 Commission and Authority from his Royall Highnesse And hee did believe the Tryall about 
 CornhilVs Neclc, was a Sufficient President for the Clearing of the Title to the rest; However, 
 Its his pleasure to heare what yo" can alleadge or object, so that you do it Speedily for he thinkes 
 it not convenient, to leave those matters much longer in Suspense ; yo'' Answer hereunto by the 
 first oppertunity will bee expected. This is all I had in Charge to deliver unto yo", So I subscribe 
 S'. 
 
 Your humble Serv' 
 
 Mathl\s Nicolls. 
 
404 Colonial SeUleineiitu on the Hadmii liiver. 
 
 A Letter written to the Constable and Overseers of Westchester, concern- 
 ing THE DIVISION OF LAND. 
 
 Gentlemen. 
 
 I have acquainted the Governo'' w"' the particulars wee discourst about yesterday morning 
 and hee hath given me Order to returne you this Answer. Tliat as to the Division of yo' Mead- 
 owes you may proceed and make it when yo" please, observing tlie order made by Mr. Delavall 
 and Mr. Hubbard, That you are to have so much of that yo" call Mrs. Bridges' s Meadowes, as 
 was ordered by Mr. Belavall and Mr. Hubbard, but for the 42 acres by Rattlesnake Brooke, 
 Claimed by the ten ffarmes, you are not to meddle with them, they being for the acconimodaQon 
 of those ffarmes, that are or shall bee settled there, who are to bee concluded thereby and to bee 
 Bounded by the said Brooke, That after you have laid out to every lOO"" Estate C Acres and to 
 200"' 8 Acres of good Meadow lying most convenient for each Lott, You are not to make another 
 Division, but leave the rest in Common for an Encouragem' to others to come and live w"' yo". 
 This is all at p'sent from 
 July 7"' 1666. ' Yoiu- very loving ffriend 
 
 Mathias Nicolls. 
 
 An Order to the Constable and Overseers of Westchester, forbidding them 
 to forbeare y^ giving y^ Inhabit''^ of the 10 ffarmes any further M0LESTA90N 
 ABOUT their Meadow Grounds. 
 
 Whereas I have formerly given order. That the Meadow Ground lying between Hutchhison's 
 and Battle Snake Brooke should wholly belong to y" Inhabitants of the Tenn ffarmes and that 
 y'= rest of yo' Towne should no way bee concern'd therein, Notw"'standing w* (as I am given to 
 understand) yo" have laid out particulars Lotts to other men out of the &^ Meadow and have for- 
 bidden those of y= Tenn ffarmes to Mow there, these are to require and Command you, that you 
 forbeare y" giving y" said Inhabitants of the 10 ffarms any further trouble or Molesta9on in their 
 Enjoym' of the said Meadow Ground and that yo" p''sume not to lay out Lotts of any part thereof 
 to other persons or y' und"' any p''tence Avhatsoever yo" give them any disturbance in their Mowing 
 there or otherwise disposing thereof as they shall thinke fitt as you will answer y"" contrary at yo' 
 utmost p'ills. Given und'' my hand at ffort James in New Yorke y= 14"''' day of July 1666. 
 
 Eich". Nicolls. 
 
 A Letter written to Capt. Daniell Croadhead on beh.alf of Mathew Blanchman of Sopas. 
 
 Capt. Broadhead. 
 
 The Bearer hereof Mathew Blanchman an Inhabitant w"' you having Petiponed the Generall, 
 that hee may have leave to Build a Horse Mill, on a Small Spott of Ground (as hee alleadges 
 belonging to no particular Parson) near adjoyning to his House, which will bee for the benefitt 
 and commodity of the Towne in Generall as well as for his owne particular; I am commanded by 
 his Ilono'^ to acquaint you. That it is his pleasure you should make Enquiry of the Commissaryes 
 and Officers of the Towne, if the matter bee so as is suggested ; If it may prove no inconvenience 
 to the Towne, hee may proceed with his designe of Erecting the Mill in the place hee proposes 
 
JVcw York Iliston'cid Records. 405 
 
 and it may bee confirmed to liim here; An Acu' wliereof yo" are desired to Siirnify w"' llie first 
 oppertunity ; 8'. 
 
 Yo'. very ].(.)ving ffi-iend 
 N'ew YwTce IT"" Septend)er ICtki. ]\j^_ Nicolls. 
 
 Extract fkoji the Mindtes of a OoMMrrTEE of the Classis of Amsterdam, October 18'"' lt;f)6. 
 
 A letter from )^^iY. John 2L,ju2>iiI,ns;s, pastor at Manhattan in Nevo-Nethedand, atldrcssed 
 to the Kev. Classis of Amstenlni,, and dated Ang. 16"', 1(366, was read ; it coutaiued 
 
 1"'. A defense of his Reverence respecting the transfer of that place to the Emjllsh. 
 
 2^ A report of the condition of that church, viz. : that there are between three and four 
 hundred communicants and that the place together with the surrounding villages is served by 
 three pastors, viz. : Rev. John Me(ja])olensis, Ins son Siunud Mega^mlensls and Rev. Drivlun, but 
 that their salary, is limited and comes in slow. 
 
 S"*. A request that through tlie intercession of the de]iuties of the Rev. Classis with the 
 Directors, he might obtain certain arrears of salary, which still remain unpaid by the Hon"''' W 
 1. Company. 
 
 Extract from the Minutes as above December IC", 1666. 
 
 The request of Rev. John Megajjolensis, which was presented in the meeting of the xix, 
 was rejected, until his Rev. shall give further satisfaction concerning the events at the surrender 
 of Neio-Netherland to the Enylish. 
 
 Deed for the Land between the RARrrAN and Rawake Rivers in N. J. 
 GIVEN BT Philipp Carteret and others to Daniel Pierce and Associates. 
 
 Coppie out of the Records. 
 
 This Indenture made the 11"' day of Decemb' 1666 and in tlie IS"" yeare of o'' Soveraigne 
 Lord Charles y' Second of Great Britain, ffrance and Ireland King Defend'' of the faith etc 
 Between Capt. PMUpp Carteret Escp Governor of the Province of New Jersey, John Ogden 
 Sen' & Luhe Wattson of Elizabeth Toume in the said Province of the one parte and Daniell 
 Peirse of Newherry & liis associates of the other parte Witnesseth, That the said Capt. Philipp 
 Carteret, John Ogdon & Z?<fe Wattson for & in Consideration of the Sum of fowerskore pounds 
 Sterling to them in hand paid by the said Daniel Peirse, the receipt whereof tliey doe hereby 
 acknowledge and do by these p''sents fully discharge & acquitt the said Daniel Peirse his heires, 
 execuf' & Admiuistraf' forever, Have demised bargained and sold the one Moycty or half parte 
 of a certaine tract of Land Scituate lying & being on the maine Continent of America & Corn- 
 only called or known by the name of Arthur Cull or Amhorjle or by what other name or names 
 soever it hath been or now is called, the w'*" said tract of Land was lawfully purchased from tlie 
 Natives or Indeans by John Bailey, Daniel Denton and the said Luke Watson as by the said 
 Bill of Sale from the Natives bearing date the 28"" of Octob'' 1664 will more at large appeare ; 
 w"*" said John Bailey and Daniel Denton have made over bargained and sold all their Right, tytle 
 
406 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson Hlver. 
 
 and intrest in the said purchase vnto the aforesaid Philipp Carteret & John Ogclon as will appears 
 by their bills of Sale vnder their hands vpon Record ; To have & to hold the one moyety or halfe 
 of the said purchase beginning from the Raratan River and soe to come Northward to Rawake 
 River w* is to be the absolute bounds as farr as the tyde doeth flow between the one moyety of 
 the purchase & the other belonging to Elisaheth towne and from thence to Runn the same Lyne 
 "West into the Land w* y" north and South Lyne as exprest in the said Indean bill of Sale eqnall 
 with the other moyety belonging to Elizabeth towne aforesaid with all & singular Rights, tytles, 
 intrest & Conveyance therevnto belonging or in any manner of wise of Right appertaining 
 together w"" all Rivers, ponds, Creeks, Inletts, bayes & springs and all other ai>purtenances what- 
 soever to the said Daniel Feirse and his Associates, their Ileires, Execut" & Administrate that 
 hee the said Da/niell Peirse and his associates shall & may Inioy all & singular the before demised 
 premises in as full & ample manner as the said Capt. Carteret John Ogdon & Luke Wattsoti doe 
 hold and inioy the same forever. In Witness whereof wee, the said Philipp Carteret, John 
 Ogdon & Luke Wattson have heervnto sett o"" hands & scales the day & yeare first above written. 
 
 Signed Sealed & delivered Philipp Caeteeet 
 
 in the presence of William John Ogdon 
 
 Hill, Charles Gillman & James Bollen. Luke Wattson 
 
 Indorsed on the backside of the said deed as followeth : 
 
 Whereas mention is made in tliis Deed of Sale to Daniel Peirse and his Associates the said 
 Daniel Peirse doth hereby declare & acknowledge that these persons whose names are heer vnder- 
 written are his associates and are to have an equall privilidge & Share with him in that third parte 
 of the whole of the said purchase, that is for the accomodation of the towne called Woodhridge 
 except that hee the said Daniel Peirse is to have the first choyce for his accomodation ; vizt. 
 Joshua Peirse, John Pyke, John Bishop, Henery Jacques & Hugh March of Newberry, Steephin 
 Kent of Haverelle, Robert Dennis of Yarmon-th, John Smith of Barnstaple and ... of 
 . in New England. In Witness whereof the said Daniel Peirse hath heervnto set his 
 hand at Elizabeth towne the 3'' Decemb'^ 1667. 
 
 Signed in the presence of Daniell Peiese. 
 
 James Bollen, Secretary. 
 
 The papers that conceene y"^ Esopus mutineys wiph y^ death of Heneick Coenelius. 
 As allsoe — 
 The peoceedings and Sentences of the Couet held In Esopus y'' 25 . 26 . 27 . 
 
 DAYES of ApEILL BY VIETUE OF A COMMISSION GIVEN TO CaP* RoBEKT NeED- 
 
 HAM AND M". Thamas De Lavall Esq"^. AND Me. Coenelius Van Ruyven 
 Justice of y^ peace. By y^ Right Hon"'"'' Collonell Rich. Nicolls, Goveen* 
 
 UNDEE HIS Roy ALL HIGHNESS THE DuKE OF ToEKE OF ALL HIS TEEEYTOEIES IN 
 
 Ameeica. To the Hon*^ Magisteates of the Towne Wiltwyck. 
 
 Sheweth, the underwritten generall Inhabitants of the Towne of Wiltwyck, that since the 
 Hono''''' Governo' Richard Nicolls, is departed from hence, we have suffered soo much Injurie & 
 Violence not only from the Soukl" in General, But alsoe from the Capt". Broadhead in particu- 
 ter, whoe ought to have punished the wronge w'''' the s** Soukl" have done unto us, Videllez'". 
 
New Yorh Historical Records 
 
 407 
 
 1. Cornells Barentsen Slegt is beaten in his owno house by lii.s Sonld' Cortj.' Porter, and 
 after this by the oflier Sould" forced to prison, and was by some soukl" at his imprisornnent used 
 very hard ; 
 
 2. and afterwards hath Caj.'. Broadhead beaten Th-n-h (7«r.y<'« i^- without any Reason 
 brought to Prison. 
 
 3. It is liappened that Cap'. Broadhead, comminge at tlie house of Leivies Bit. hols tooke 
 an anchor of Brandy and tiirowed it uppon tlie ground, because the s'^ Bois Refused him 
 Brandy without paiment, and did Likewise force the s'' Bois to give him Brandy. 
 
 4. And the s'' Bois his wife commiiig for hur monny at the s'' Broadheads house, be 
 drove the s* Bois his wife, with a beare knyff out off liis bouse. 
 
 5. The Sould" George porter, connninge in the Banie of Pieter IIilI^'hra7ifs, aiul findino-e 
 there Diri'l ILtidrix, the s"* Porter, tooke bis sword & tlirusted tlie same threww the s"* 
 Dir,k ILndri.res Breeches. 
 
 6. Alhert TIeymans Boos, going with his phiuw yron towards tlie Smits, was assalted })v five 
 sould" whoe wounded him vei-y much, whereuijon 
 
 7. The souldiers said .... the s'' Alhert Ileymans going .... without 
 any Reason brought him to . . . Imprisonment was most griviously . . . wounded 
 by Richard Hamer. 
 
 8. Two sould", franco Vreman and Wm. Fisher, comming to the Millers, to steale his hens, 
 the s'' Miller in defending of his hens, was by the s* sould" beaten in his owne house. 
 
 9. Harmen Rendricx was wounded in his Legge by Richard Cwje, in soo much that the s'' 
 Harmen is lame unto this present day, and that only because his Goates where eaten by the sould". 
 
 10. It is happened uppon New Year day, that Walrau d'u Mont, haveing some friends & 
 Neighbours to eat with him at bis house, where uppon Cap'. Broadhead comming in he treated 
 the 8* Walrau very badly, and 
 
 11. herewith not being satisfied, tooke the wife of Uarincn Ilendricx, from thence to 
 Prison, in the Guards. 
 
 12. John CorneUssen Smith, going alonge the Streete was assalted &, persecuted to his verry 
 shop, & was Like 
 
 13. to have been raurtbered, by George Porter, but be was hindered in his dessoyn by 
 frans Vreeinan / and the s"" George porter hath Likewise upjjon the s'' day in open streete 
 assaulted Roelof Swartwout. 
 
 14. Cornells Barentsen Slegt, beinge by Cap'. Broadhead verry ill Treated, in his owne 
 house, was afterwards by the s*' Cap', forced to prison, and his armes by force taken out of his 
 house, w'^'' still doe Remaine by the s"* Cap'. Broadhead. 
 
 15. Andries Pietersen being at the said time in the house of the s'' Sl^gt, was beaton by 
 Christoffer Berresfort w"" his halbard that the s"" Atidries fel downc in a sounding and was in 
 great danger of his life. 
 
 16. And Ilendrick CorneUssen Lindrayer, is by William Fisher witliout any the Least 
 Reason, wounded in his Belly & ... is apparent, that Gerrit Foclcen . . . would 
 have been killed by the . . . escaped being wounded in his .... 
 
 18. Wee passe by, all the ofl^ences, done to the oflScer & magestrates in general!, and besides 
 all this, we are threatned by Cap'. Broadhead & his souldiers, to burne downe this Towne, & that 
 they will murther al what is therein ; Therefore — we do most humbly supplicate, that you wil 
 be pleased to Remonstrate & make kuowne, unto the Right hon''"' Governo'' the sade condition 
 we are in, from whome we hope to have Redresse, and to be maintained in o' Right, so Remaininge 
 
408 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Thomas Ohamhrits Cap*, and overseer, and Evert Pels overseer, are hereby authorised by 
 the Court to acquaint Cap'. Broadhead, the answer of y^ Inhabitants, that Cornelis Barentsen 
 Sleght by him Imprisoned, might be Keleased out of his Imprisonment, for to prevent further 
 trouble & danger ; and in case the afore said Cornelis Barentsen Slegt, hath offended the s"" Cap'. 
 Broadhea/J., that the s"" Broadhead (: according to tlio Governo" order :) should sue him to the 
 Court, for to be examined and Corrected, dated in WiUwyck this ^^ day of Feb''. 1667. 
 
 Wm. Beeckman 
 Jan Joosten 
 
 KoELOF SWABTWOUT. 
 
 In answer to this above standings. Cap'. Broadhead Replyes, that lie will keepe Cornelis 
 Sleght in apprehension, as Longe he thincks good, and in case the Inhabitants will fetch him by 
 force, that he would waight uppon them, dated in Wiltwych this ^j off Feb'". 1667. 
 
 Thomas Chambeits 
 EvEKT Pels 
 Right Honorable. 
 
 Your humble servants and Souldiers hath made bold to Present yo' honour with these few 
 lynes and to give yo" a a more clearer demonstration of our first proceedings and the testimonies 
 of all those men that were of both y" parties Comanded by our Officer in Chiefe the which they 
 will all testifiie upon oath. 
 
 The first party of men was Commanded by Sergion Beresford from the gaurd, to the Burgers 
 house, by Cap'. Brodheades Command, wher they found the Burger with his piece Cocked, and 
 his hanger drawnd hanging upon his Arme, we disarming him per force, and brought him prisoner 
 to the gaurd according to order, but att our first ai-rivall att the afore said house, we found Cap'. 
 Brodhead with his Crevatte tome, and throwne away, and his face Scratcht and very much 
 abussed, the names of those men that went to the burgers house, 
 
 Sergion Beresford, 
 
 Corprall Hamer, 
 
 George Hall, thire testamouys. 
 
 Sam. Oliver, 
 
 George Porter. 
 
 2. Eight or nine dutch men went to the Scouts house but what ther meaning was we cannot say 
 but Straight they were all in ther Armes and the Scouts Sarvant with them also, in Armes, he 
 not having any Armes of his owne, but haveing them out of his M'^ house. 
 
 3. Hendrick Tochams, ther lieutenant Commanded them to ther Armes and drew them up in 
 battallia : and headed them him selfe att his owne dore. 
 
 Then Cap'. Brodhead with a party of 7 men marcht to them and demanded the ocasion of 
 being in ther armes, ther lieu', made answer, that they would have the burger out of y" gaurd, but 
 Cap'. Brodhead Commanded them to returne all with ther armes to ther houses, but denyed the 
 motion and Standing all upon ther gaurd with ther peices Cockt, would not obey our Cap'. Com- 
 mand, ther Lieu'. Replyed that they would not but would have the prisoner out of the gaurd. 
 
 4. There was one of ther party by name Anthony A frencli man, presented his peice Against 
 our Cap', being Loaden with nine small bullats and swere that if he moved on foot he would fire 
 upon him, and would not be persuaded nor Comanded, but did ])ersist in ther Rebelious Acctions 
 and would not Return with ther Armes. 
 
 5. They sent for Cap'. Chamhers, thinking he would have headed them, but when he came would 
 not, but likewise Comanded them all to returne with ther Armes, to ther houses, but denying 
 
 J 
 
jSt'W York Hutorkal liecords. 409 
 
 him, did maintaine ther former Resolutions; eontinueing in tlier Armes, mitill about nine of y" 
 clock att niglit ; with threatening that tliej would fetch tlie burger out jiurforce that ui'--ht and 
 villifjing us with our Small party of men. Saing wJiat is 15 or 1(3 men to «0 or 80: as Continu- 
 ally tliey have done from y" begining. 
 
 6. Another of ther Rebellious party by name Alhert Ihjmons otherwise caled the new boore, 
 wlio was the Cheife in the first Rysing against us, gave out speeches in y'' liereing of one of our 
 Souldiers, Ilumfonj ffonjison by name ; if he had had y'^ Comand of ther party he would not 
 have left one English Souldier alive in the Esopes. 
 
 7. Cap'. Chamhers did relate unto Edw. Whiticar, and Francis Freeman l)otli Souldiers quarter- 
 ing in his house, Tliat he was verry sorry y' lie had misinformed yo' honour Concerning ther first 
 Rysing of y' burgers against us, when he Satisfied yo'' hono' that they Returned to ther houses 
 with ther Armes, but did not att his Comand Upon hopes of ther futer obedience, and is 
 ashamed y' he should excuse or countenance sueli a stoubern people as they bee. 
 
 A list of tlie names of ther officers that headed them. 
 
 Henry Yockams, Lieut. 
 
 Tirick Closs, Sergion. 
 
 Hen. R.nr,n,t Wol raven. 
 
 Hen. lu<,rl.J>,;ir,h ) 
 
 Jo. Johnson Brahande, \ CorpniH. Alhert Hymons. 
 
 "With : 50 or 60 : more of the Inhabitants that were In Armes against us : omiting Severall other 
 abuses Received from them, att other times, we Remaine yo"' hon" Servants with our lives to our 
 powers. 
 
 All what is before herein mentioned these men herein named will testaffie upon oatli the 
 which is nothing but j° trutli and the very trutli. 
 
 Tlie names of the party of men that Cap'. Brodhead Comauded with him. 
 
 Coii^rall Harncr. 
 
 George Hall. 
 
 Samuell Oliver. 
 
 Thomas Mathewes. 
 
 William Horton. 
 
 Hum. forgison. 
 
 Wm.fflsher. 
 
 CoMP'-™ AGAINST Cat''. Broadhead. 
 Tyerh Clauson. 
 
 Saith y'= reason why Cap'. BroadJiead abused him was because hee would keepe Christ- 
 mas day on y" day accustomary with y° Duch, and not on y' day according to y" Eiujlish 
 
 observa9on. 
 
 Cap'. Broadhead accknowledged it. 
 Lues Be Boys his wife. 
 
 Saith Cap' Broadhead had a knife in his hand when Shee demanded y" money hee owed 
 
 her, and he told her y' if shee were not with child hee would Cutt her and called her many 
 
 bad names. 
 Lues De Boys saith. 
 
 Cap'. Broadhead used his best endeavo' to show his anchor of wyne when lice threw it 
 
 downe but cold not, and y' hee lost none of y" Drinke. 
 Walrawen De Mont sworne. 
 
 Saith y' last new yeares day hee had some freiiids at liis house, and Cap'. Broadhead 
 52 
 
410 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River 
 
 quarrelled with y^ wife of Harman HendricTcson, and threw a glass of Beere in lier face 
 and called her many bad names & carryed her to y^ Guard a prisoner. 
 Cap'. Chamhera. 
 
 Concurreth with y'' former evidence being then p'sent at y'' house. 
 
 Cap'. Broadkead ownetli y" same, but saith y' Harmans wife called his sister whore, 
 w'^ occasioned y'^ quarrell. 
 
 The Burgers brought into y^ Court a paper to excuse their being in Armes, and 
 y« reason y' induced thera to it they say, was because Cap'. Broadhead andy* soldiers 
 threatned to burne y" Towne and all y' was in it, and alsoe because Captaine Broad- 
 ■ head had committed their Searjt. being a Burger of the Towne to j" Guard a prisoner 
 and had misused and cut him, w* made his wife and children run about ye Towne and cry 
 murder y^ English soldiers had killed their father. 
 Henry Pawling Sworne, Saith 
 
 Article 2*. That Cornells Barnson, Vrian Westf alius, Tunis Jacobson, John Brewerson, 
 & Jacob Van Elm.endo'rp ; hee see these 5 p'sons come out He Batmans house but not 
 in their armes at y' tyme, and her heard Elmendorp say, lett us goe from house to house 
 for wee will have y^ Searj' at Liberty out of y° guard. 
 
 The Burgers being in their armes was by very many of tlieni confessed. 
 Article 3". 
 
 But y'' lef being charged with standing at the head of them with his pistoll and sword, 
 made this his defence. That hee was not at home when thej- gathered together in their 
 armes, but ye Burgers telling him y' Cap'. Broadhead had threatned y'' setting y*" towne one 
 fyer hee came among them, and alleaged that tliat was not y* riglit way to get the Serf, free 
 and when Cap'. Broadhead came to know y" reason of their being in armes, hee comanded 
 them not to shoote w"^"* was proved by there following p''sons. 
 Sam}. Oliver sworne afirmeth y* same. 
 
 Anto Balva — Albert Hymens — Jan Broerson — Jan Cornelison — Gorn^^. Barnson — 
 Aria/nt Alhertson Boss — all upon oath afirrae y'' same — Richard Haymour & George 
 Hall afirme y° Like, upon oath. 
 Richard Haymour sworn saith 
 
 Oeorge Hall. That they heard Anthonio Dalva say to Cap'. Broadhead with his piece 
 presented, stand ofiF for if you move a foot He fyre upon you. 
 Ja£ol) Jonson, Glaus Glason. 
 
 Both sworne say that y" reason why Antonio Balve presented liis gun at C. Broadliead 
 was because hee made to him w'" his naked cutlax and threatned there with to cut him in 
 peeces. 
 George Hall sworne. 
 
 Saith that when Cap'. Broadhead was gathering some of y° young Burgers to goe to 
 Albany, hee heard Antonio Balva say — Shall wee goe and fight against our f reinds and leave 
 our enemies at home. To w'^' Antonia Dalva in his owne defence replyed That hee said fight 
 for their f reinds meaning y= Duch at Albany who in j" Last warr sold y" Soj^es Indians powder 
 & Lead, and leave theii- enemyes at home, meaning the Sopes Indians. 
 Humphry Forgison sworne. 
 
 Saith being once at y° house of Albert Hymens with William Fisher, hee heard Albert 
 
New Yorh Ilititorival licconh. 411 
 
 say f if y' Burgers would bee ruled by liini, liee would not leave an Euglishman alive in the 
 house, and that if there any disturbance againo hee would prosecute him selfe let y'^ Magis- 
 trates doe what they would. 
 Frederick Uussey sworne. 
 
 Hee heard Albert Hymens say that if the English had any quarrell againe with them, 
 they would 4 or 5 fall upon one Englishman, as y" Erujlish had done to y"". But Albert 
 Hymens utterly denyeth all. Another complaint was brought in against Albert Hymens & 
 his sonn & couzen but y" Court understanding that hee had bine lined for it by y'= civill Magis- 
 trate would not p''mitt it to bee prosecuted. 
 These Persons Acckuowledged to bee in Armes. 
 
 Geekit Arte. 
 
 John Barnson 
 
 Aeian Guneson 
 
 Jan Janson Van OysTERHoun 
 
 Anto. Dalva 
 
 Arient Hubertsgn. 
 
 To THE Right HoxorRABLE Gen^all Eicu. Xicolls Governer of his Majesties 
 
 Teritories In America. 
 The Testimonies of to" Hon"' Socldiers in fort E.^opes And nothing but what 
 
 they will testifie, upon oath : 
 
 Imprimis. A partio of five men being commanded from the gaurd, by Sergion Berisford, 
 according to Cap'. Broadlwades order, to theBurge" house, where comeing they found him y said 
 Broadhead with his Crevate Torne in peices from of his neck, with his face scratch' and very much 
 abused, and the burger with his peice in his hand Eeady cocked, and his Sword drawne hanging 
 upon his arme, wherupon by order of* Cap'. Broadhead they Brought him prisoner to the gaurd. 
 
 2. There was 7 or 8 of the townes men went to the Scouts house ; but what answer they Received 
 we cannot say but presently they were all in their armes, and the Scouts servant with them in his 
 armes, and to our knowledge he have none of his owne. 
 
 3. Ther were 60 : or 70 : of the burgers in ther armes in the Fort, being headed by ther Lieu- 
 tenant Hendrick Yockams and the other of ther infferiow officers, wherupon Cap'. Broadhead 
 commanded a partie of 7 men from the gaurd and march' to them, they being drawne up att ther 
 Lieu'^ dore, our afore said officer demanded ther Reason of being in ther armes; ther Lieu' made 
 answer they would have the burger out of the gaurd, uore they should not Returno ther armes, 
 untill they had him out. 
 
 4. Anthony a frencli man on of ther party presented his peice against Cap'. Broadhead : with 
 an oath that if he moved on foote he would fire upon him, his peice being loaden with nine bul- 
 lits the testimony of Avery price to Sergion bensford. As to y° clause of y'' 9 Bulletts Ecert 
 Price saith hee forgeeteth y' there was any such thing. 
 
 5. When Cap'. Chambers commanded them in ther armes, to Ictt them understand yo' hou" com- 
 mand, concerning marching to fort Albany the last winter, the said Anthony said that we goe 
 and light with our friends and levi? our eiiiniies att home. Geo. Hall. 
 
 6. They sent for Cap'. VhairJjcrs to his house who comeing to them commanded tlicm to returne 
 
412 Colonial Settlements on the Hadaon River. 
 
 with tlier armes to ther liouses they would not, but repljed they would have the burger out of the 
 ^aurd, then he comeing to us to y° gaurd, said they were a company of Stuborn Eoages and 
 would not be comanded by him. Where upon he said he would have nothing to doe with such 
 mutinus Eoages, and returned to his owne house they remaining in their armes untill about 8 : or 
 9 : of the Clock that night. All y" Soldiers in Generall. 
 
 7. Cap'. Chanibers said in his owne house to Edward Whiticer and Fromces Freeman that he was 
 very much troubled that he had misinformed yo' honour in excuseing therein ther first mutinie 
 and y' his information to yo' hono'' on thir behalfe was an abomenable lie, in saying they returned 
 tliir armes when they did not. 
 
 8. Humphenj fergison was att Albert Hyemonds house with 'Will. Fisher being his quarters, 
 where y° said Albert Eymonds said that if thir party M'ould have beene Kuled by him, he would 
 not have left on english man alive in y" town ; and y' if there were any disturbance againe, lett y" 
 Magestrates doe what they would, he would prosecute by himselfe. 
 
 9. Albert Hijmonds with his son and his Cozen, being att the Strand with thir armes, then in y^ 
 winter the diference about A Canon, the afore said 3 men Chalenged 3 of our Souldiers of from 
 y'= Redoubt thir gaurd to fight with them and drew thir small shot and loaded thir peices with 
 bulitts. 
 
 10. Upon Easter Monday, John WilUamison servant, by name Thomas y^ , Eelated to 
 Corprall hamer y' he had not beene in his armes had he not beene comanded by two of y" inhabit- 
 ants and y' in thir Leuits. name. 
 
 11. Thomas Elgar heard his landlord say Ard Ifattison being on of thir Corpralls they were 
 all in generall comanded to thir armes in thir Lieutenants name. 
 
 The testimonies of these as Followeth, 
 
 Christopher Beresford, Sargion. 
 The first Richard Earner, Corp'", 
 party. George Porter. 
 
 Sojmuell Oli/ver. 
 
 George Ilall. These are y'= wittnesses to 
 
 Anthony Cooke. y" first Article. 
 
 The second Richard Earner. 
 jjarty. Sam. Oliver. 
 Geo. Hall. 
 
 Will. Horton. All y" Soldyers see it. 
 
 Hum. fforgison. 
 The 7 Tho. Mathews. 
 
 men. Will.ffisher. 
 
 Att the Geo. Porter. The whole Soldyers 
 
 Eedout. Sam. Oliver. and y" 7 men in p'ticuler. 
 
 Endorsed The Soldiers Testimonyes In Generall. 
 
New York Historical liecards. 413 
 
 An extract out of y= Tkodusall ok Register of tiik Towne of Esopns. 
 
 The wife of Cornelius Barnsoii Sleight and her daughter coinphiined to y Court, that 
 Cap'. Broadhead had grievously cut beate and \vomidud Cornelius Barndson her huslxuid iu Ins 
 owno house, and f hee had alsoe couiitted his body close coufiiied to y" guard and would not 
 release hiiu. 
 
 Upon w-^" f Coiu-t ordered y' y' Courts niessinger should bee sent, to request Cai/. Broad- 
 head to come to y' court and the s'' niessinger received tlus following answer, That if y'-' comis- 
 sary would speake with him tliey might come to him, then y' Burgers being iu amies, the court 
 endeavored . . iu them lay to prevent any further danger, and thereupon ordered y' Cap'. 
 Chambers db Evert Pelce to desyre Capt. Broadhead to release y" said Burger from y' Guard & 
 if y'-' said Cornelius Barnson had any wise offended him, hee shold according to y" Govern" order 
 complaiue to the Maiestrates, who would see that hee make satisfaction or be punished according 
 to ye merritt of his crimes. But when y" said 2 Commissaryes had delivered the message to Capt 
 Broadhead, hee made them this answer, that hee would keepe the said Cornelius as long as hee 
 pleased and if they would fetch him, hee would be ready to waite for them. 
 
 The Coiu-t alsoe used many arguments to y' Burgers were in amies to goe cjuietly whome 
 to their houses and went p-'sonally themselves to persuade them, y' they should not doe any thing 
 against y" Militie, but told them they wonld adress their cause to y'= hon"" Govem^ 
 
 Then the burgers told them y° Magistrates, that Captaine Broadhead & more of y" soldiers 
 had many tymos threatened to burne the Towne and that with other reasons moved them to 
 appeare in their amies and thertbre they requested to bee impowred by their Maiestrates to con- 
 tinue in theii- armes. But the said Maiestrates uterly denyed the same. 
 
 The Burgers IIp:asons & Confession of TiiEnj being in Armes. 
 
 Wee whose names are here underwritten, inhabitants of the Towne of Esopes doe certifye & 
 ackowledge that on the 4"' day of February last upon the dolefull cry & lamentation of the 
 children of Cornelius Barndson Sleiyht, that their father was miserably beaten and wounded by 
 Capt. Broadhead and y' another ])''son named Andreas Peitersen van Lexoen was killed in y" 
 browhouse, at w'^'' ac^oii Some of us being eye witnesses wee gathered together in an assembly at 
 y" first and through the threaining of y' in.illitia formerly to hurne up the Towne and through 
 their beating their drumm and their further saying they would burne y" Towne and j'' was therein, 
 the aforesaid motives and resons moved us, that every one of us without order of Burger or ofhcer 
 did take our Weapons in hand not knowing otherwise but this might be the beginning or fore- 
 runner of the utter Ruein of the towne by y** raillitia and that they would doe with us what they 
 pleased, as they had done with several p''sons sence y" Governour went from hence, as is p''ticulerly 
 mentioned in our remonstrance to his honnour dated this 28"* Aprill 1667 In y° towne of Wild- 
 vyyclce. 
 
 Tyerck Clausen ui: AVrrr Pp:ter Helibrantzen Cornelius FFi.\cii/Uin 
 
 Peter Arienson John "Williamzkn Corn. IIogiibome 
 
 Lambert IIubertson IIendrick Martensen John Jacobs I^urhans 
 
 Gerrat ffowker Ard Martinsen IIenr. Arianson 
 
 Tunis Jacobson Paulos Paulsen "Walrav Dk Mont 
 
414 
 
 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Andeies Petekson 
 Aeiajit Geeitson 
 Veian Westfall 
 John Coeneliusen 
 John Hendkix 
 RoLoi'u Hendeiuks 
 
 Olads Clatjson 
 
 FFEEDE. Peterson 
 
 Deeick IIendeicksen 
 
 Thom. van JVIakken 
 
 Jan Jansen 
 
 Albeet Jansen V. Steenwyck 
 
 John Baentson 
 
 John Adeianson 
 
 Adeian Hltbeetsen 
 
 ffeanc. La Cheie 
 John Lodman 
 Thomas Haemonzen 
 Baenaed Holsten, 34. 
 
 The Peoceedings of the Cotjet. 
 
 At a Court held in y° Towne of Empties ats Wildwych upon the 25, 26 & 27 dayes of Aprill 
 A° 1667 by virtue of a Comission from y^ Right hono'''^ Collon" Richard Nicotls, Govern' under 
 his Royall highness the Duhe of Yorke of all his territoryes In America, Given to Capt. Robert 
 Needham & Mr. Thomas Delavall Esq two of his hon"'" Privy Councell and Mr. Cornelius van 
 Ruyven one of his Ma""^ Justices of y" peace and were present the Schout & Comissaryes of y° 
 said Towne. 
 
 Articles against Albert Hymens of Esopus. 
 
 1. That the said Albert Hymens was the occasion of the first rebellious Mutiney in y° Esopus 
 and likwise a great ineouriger of this last mutiny being himselfe in amies and since that tyrae 
 hath spoken very dangerous words to y° preiudice of his Ma''*"* subiects and peaceable government 
 & contrary to his oath of Alegience. 
 
 That hee was y'' occasion of y° first miitiney is Proved by JEdward ffrench upon Oath, who 
 saith : 
 
 That y" said Albert Hymens wounded one Daniell Buterworth in y° liand for demanding his 
 provisions and calling him and more of us the soldiers in Esopus SA'eUums {sckelm, rascal) starts 
 (scum) and more of y" like provoking speeches. 
 
 2. That hee was in y* second mutiney is by himselfe confessed in a double manner and y' 
 hee was then in his armes is owned by his signeing y" petition and secondly y' hee confessed the 
 leittenant comanded him & y^ rest to lay downs their armes and goe home w'^'' hee did not and 
 therefore needs noe more to prove him guilty. 
 
 3. That hee spoke since very dangerous & mutinous words is proved by y° Oathes of 2 wit- 
 nesses, Humphrey fforgison and ffrederick Hussey. 
 
 Humphrey fforyison saith hee being once at y° house of Alhert Hymans and William ffish,er 
 hee heard Alhert say y' if y" Burgers would bee ruled by him, hee would not leave an English 
 man alive in the house, and that if there any disturbance againe hee would prosecute him selfe 
 let y" Burgers and Magistrates doe w' they would. 
 
 Frederick Hussey saith Hee heard Albert Hymens say that if the English had any quarrell 
 againe with them, they would 4 or 5 fall upon one English man, as y' English had done upon them. 
 
 That formerly Albert Hymans witli his sonn and kinsman was at y"' Redoubt where there 
 was a Cancw left in charge of y" souldiers at y^ Redoubt, which Canew as it seems did belong to 
 y® said Alhert and annother man, but y'' souldiers haveing charge of it from y' other man would 
 not lett her goe, whereupon there was sonae dispute and one of his Compaiiy did abuse Samuell 
 
New Yorh Historical Mecords. 4 1 5 
 
 Oliver and tooke liis annes from liim and after wards tliey challenged to fight with any 3 of y« 
 souldiers and one of y™ drew his small shott and loaded his gnnn with Bnlletts. — This was 
 Sworne to by Sa7n^ Oliver, George Porter & Edward Shackleton, but by reason it was soe long 
 since and the Conrt haveing fined the said Alhert for the said fault This Court took litlo notice of 
 it, however cold not doe less then represent it to y" Generall to order what his honnour shall see 
 raeete in y*" Matter. 
 
 Articles agains' Antcmio Dalva. 
 
 1. That y" said Antonio was in y^ first and last mutiney and hath spoken very dangerous and 
 seditious words contrary to his alegiance and y^ peace of this Gouernment. 
 
 He confesseth his being in y" 2 Mutineys. 
 
 2. George Hall upon oath saith that when Cap'. Broadhead was gathering some of y*^ young 
 Burgers to goe to Fort Albany, hee heard Antonio Dalva say Shall woe goe and fight with our 
 friends and leave our enemies at home. 
 
 To w'^'* Antonio Dalva re])lyed in his owne defence hee said shall we goe and fight for our 
 friends meaning y^ Dutch at Albany who in y'= Last warr sold y" sopes Indians powder & Lead, 
 and leave their enemyes at home, meaning the Sopes Indians. 
 
 3. Richard Haymour and George Hall Being both sworne, they saj' they did see Antonio 
 Dalva present his peece against Capt. Broadhead and they alsoe heard him y' said Antonio 
 threaten Capt. Broadhead that if he moued a foote forward hee would fyer on him. 
 
 Articles ag' Coi'^nelius Barnson. 
 
 That hee hath bin in y'= last mutiney and a great fi^orwarder promoter and abettor thereof. 
 
 Henry Pawling upon Oath saith that y" said Cornelius Barnson was one of y° first 5 that 
 went to y'^ Schout's house and one of y' Company who said right before y*^ last Mutinej% let us goe 
 from house to house, for we will have y^ Serg' at liberty out of y'^ Guard. 
 
 The Schout and Comissaryes doe give a Caracter of the said Cornelius Barnson. to be an Idle 
 seditious fellow. 
 
 That Ariant Albertson was in y" first quarrell with y" soldiers at y^ Eedoubt is proued by 
 George Porter Sam} Oliver and Edward ShacMeton and y' hee was the occasion of y'= first M\i- 
 tiney by quarrelling with DanK Butterworth is owned by his father and y' hee was in amies the 
 last mutiney is owned by his owne hand vnderwritten in y" General acknowledgment. 
 
 Vpon which Complaints and informa9on of his Ma'"'^ officers in the Garrison of Esopus 
 against y" Burgers & inhabitants thereof and it being evidently proued and made appeare that at 
 2 seuerall tymes a Considerable number of the said Burgers were gott together in Amies without 
 or Comand of their ofiicersin very dangerous riottons and mutinous manner contrary to their duty 
 and alegiance to our soueraigne Lord the King and the peace of this gouernment. 
 
 And vpon strict and serious examina^on wee have found that Antonio Dalva, Albert Hy- 
 menson, Cornelius Barnsoyi and Arient Albertson are guilty of the said Rebellious and Mutinous 
 Riot and therefore for the more peaceable Gouernment of this towne for y'' future, wee doe thinke 
 meete to carry downe the foure abovemencjoned persons to New Yorhe there to receiue from y* 
 honoured gouernour their finall Sentence for y" said fact. 
 
 A Warrant from the Governo" to the Inhabit" of Staten Island, kmi-owkh- 
 
 ING THEM to CHU8E CIVII.L OFFICERS. 
 
 Whereas Mr. Nicholas Stillwell hath by y° Mayo' pt of yo' Inhabit" boene elected Constable 
 of yo' Towne I have this day confirmed him in y"" s'^ office for this ensueing yeare : You are 
 
416 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 hereby likewise appointed and authorized to chuse out of yo"' planta(;on two good and sufficient 
 men to be Overseers, to whom y° Constable nir.y administer their oath, who M'ith the said Consta- 
 ble shall have power to decide and determine all matters of debt & difference betweene yon or 
 any of you arising, imder y^ vahie of five pounds & for what shall bee above the s"* sume, you 
 are to have recourse to y° Sessions at Qravesend vipon Long Island & in all other matters you 
 are to bee guided according to the Rules prescribed in the Lawes for the Townes within tliis 
 Governra'' Given under my hand at ffort James in iV^. Y. this 7"' day of Sept. 1667. 
 
 R. NiCOLLS. 
 
 To the Inhabit" of the p]anta9on upon Statcn Island. 
 
 A Gkai^t to the Souldieks at Esopus, Apeill the 6'" 166S. 
 
 The Governo' hath this day beene pleased to make a grant vnto tlie Souldiers now being at 
 the Soj>ez & to such oth" as shall bee allowed to settle there, That they shall have the Fii-st Great 
 piece of Land &. alsoe the second piece w'*' adioynes vnto it, They both lying & being Westward 
 beyond the Washmakers land being bounded on the South by a Certayne Ryver or Creeke. The 
 number of Lotts that are to bee laid out there shall be Thirty & each lott shall have Thirty acres 
 of the Lowe Land & Two acres & a lialfe of the Up Land to belong to their Home Lotts for 
 planting land. The rest of the Woodland is to lye in Comon. 
 
 By Order of y** Governo'' 
 
 M. NicoLLS, Secretary. 
 
 Minutes of a Committee of the Classis of Amsterdam, August 27, 1668. 
 
 Rev. Herman Bloem, who was sent by our Rev. Classis as pastor to Esopus in New-Nether- 
 land ill the year 1660, has now returned. He has given an account of his experiences and exhib- 
 ited a lawful dismissal and a good testimonial. He requests the assistance of the Rev. Brethren 
 with the Directors of the W. I. Company, that he may obtain, what his Reverence deems his 
 right for transportation and board. Whereupon the Rev. Brethren resolved to send his Rev. to 
 the Classis, that he may there make a complete report and present his aforesaid request. 
 
 Certificate of former Dutch Officers as to the loyalty of Domine Megapolensis. 
 
 As we are in duty bound to bear testimony to the truth, especially when requested : There- 
 fore We, the undersigned, formerly Director-General, Burgomasters and officers, attest and declare 
 as truth, that the Rev. Domine Johannes Megapolensis (having been a minister here about 19 
 years at the time of the capitulation of this place), has not as far as we know, behaved in any 
 other manner, than was becoming to a faithful subject of the States-General and of the W. L 
 Company and to a pious and godly minister. In everything lie has always appeared to us to 
 exhibit these traits. In testimony of. the truth hereof we have affixed our signatures on the 
 Island of Manhattans in New- York, formerly New- Amsterdam, Aug. 27, 1668. 
 
 Oloff Stevenson Van Coktlandt. P. Stuyvesant 
 
 J. S. Vandie Grift. Timothy Gabry 
 
 Isaac Grevenraet 
 Nic. De Meyer 
 
Neio Yorh Historical liecords. 417 
 
 A L"*^ To Mr. Phillip Pieters (Schuyler) regarding his claim to the land in 
 THE New Village (Sept. 3, IOCS) 
 M". Phillip Pietees. 
 
 I am Comcaiided by the Governo'' to acquaint you That lie intends (God willing) to be at 
 EsojJus vpon Wednesday next come Senight w'" will be the Three & Twentith day of this month, 
 where he expects yo" should meet him tt bring w"" you the Clayme or pretence of Gooser), Ger- 
 ritts Volckert Jans or any oth"' of Atttany to the lands in tlie I\'ew Dorpe at Eposus. He intends 
 then to issue then all differences & Contests about those lands & to lay out anothe"' Towne To 
 w'^'' end he will take . . as Survey'' w"" him. I shall wait upon the Governo' thith". I will 
 bring w'" me y' Lres of Deuiza90u yo" spoke to lue for. This is all at p'sent from 
 
 S' Yo' humble servant 
 
 Math. Nicolls. 
 
 An Order for the bringing of the Clatmes to the land at Esoprs. 
 
 All mann' of persons who have any Clayme or p'tence to any lotts or lands at the New Durpe 
 at Esojyvs or to any other lands there adiacent And all oth' p'sons who canie over into these partes 
 w'!" the late Govern' Coll. liichard Nicolls or to whoine he hath promised land & have now a 
 mynde to settle themselves the first are to bring in their Claimes or p'tences & the latt' their 
 names to the Secretaryes office in the Forte by the Tenth day of this instant Month, the Govern' 
 intending to goe up to Esopus the latt' end of the next weeke to settle matt" concerning the s"* 
 New Durpe & partes adiacent aforesaid & to cause lands to be laid out thereby to such, oth'" as 
 have had premisses for the same & resolve to live & settle thereon. Dated at New Yorke the 
 5'" Septbr. 1668. 
 
 By ord' of the Govern' 
 
 Math. Nicolls. 
 
 Septbr. 23" 1668 At Esopus. 
 
 Memorandum, That tliis day three of the Esopus Sachems, who had sould the Great Tract of 
 Land there to Govern' Nicolls accompanyed w"" divers oth' Indians came to tiie Gov' and 
 brought the Counterparte of the deed of purchase desiring to Continue Friendship which was 
 then Katifved. 
 
 Order foe keeping y"^ Watch at y^ Guard at Esopus. 
 
 To Mr. Berisford Comand' of the Souldiers at Esopus. 
 
 For the furth' Incouragem' of y^ setling the furthest plantacjon w*^"" is to consist of most 
 Souldiers, I doe ord' that the Military Guard hitherto niaiiitained by the Souldiers be discharged 
 of that duty & that the Townesman of the Sopes are to keep their watch, w"^'' formerly was main- 
 tained by them onely y" RedouU is to be maintained tt kept by the Souldiers und' Mr. Beris- 
 ford Comand who is required to see it executed according to the true meaning of this my ord'. 
 
 Fran. Lovelace. 
 Esopus, 25"> Septbr. 1668. 
 53 
 
418 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 An Answer to the Desires of the Inhabitants of the Esopus tendeed to 
 ME 24'"* OF September, 1668. 
 
 1. To the First concerning the Boundarjes of the Dorp of Esopus my answ" & opinion is 
 that I conceive the extreraety of their land as to a N. W. lyne to be the utmost bounds on that lyne 
 And then a lyne drawne S. or S. & by East from the Sopus Kill in straight lyne to the Itedoult Kill 
 to be the true boundearie of that Dorp on that side, & tliere to beginne the lyraitts of the next Towne. 
 
 2. To the Second concerning the Swamp lying und' the Towne my order is that it remain 
 to the use of the towne of Sopus onely what my p'decess' Coll. Nicolls has already allotted to Mr. 
 Ponding w"" all with this provisoe, that the Towne in the next spring cause a sufficient Draine 
 to be made whereby the Valley may be made dry & Consequently healthy otherwise I shall dis- 
 pose thereof to such as I am Confident will doe it. 
 
 3 For the Preachers Bowry w* is at the New Dorpe it being not w"" in their lymitts I 
 conceive it concernes them not since I am resolved to make that a distinct Towne & to those 
 that shall settle there it properly belongs to clayme the right if any be though since it be forfeited 
 to his Eoyall Highnesse by an Escheate I see no reason, why he should be deprived of his right. 
 ' 4. For the Quartering of the Souldiers & providing them their provisions I am willing 
 (since it proves a burthen to them) to ease them in that perticular & shall take to send them pro- 
 visions at my arrivall at New Yorke, till when I thinke it reasonable, that they provide for them 
 as formerly. 
 
 5. Concerning the constraining of Souldiers to pay their iust debts, I thinke it reasonable, 
 that they should doe it. Provided that the Officer that Comands them be first acquainted with it, 
 before they are sumoned to the Bancke, who will take care that in reasonable tyme satisfaction 
 shall be given to the Creditor or else to be left open to y'^ Law equall w^" the rest of the Inhabit- 
 ants, but w"* all I desire that the Inhbts will be careful! not to trust the Souldiers w"'out a prob- 
 able power of their Repayment. 
 
 6. As to their last Desire concerning the House where Mr. Beresford lives I refer them to 
 y= ord'' made by my p'decess'' the late Governo' bearing date the 7"" day of August 1068. 
 Esopus, 26'" September 1668. 
 
 The names of those that Coll. Nicolls p^mised land to at Esopus being 
 
 NOW there. 
 
 Christopher Berisford, Serg'. Edward Price 
 
 Thomas Qttennill Wm. Houghton 
 
 Rich. Cage Thomas Elger 
 
 Geo. Hall John Biggs 
 
 Poh. Peacock Pdbt. BicTcerstaff 
 
 Frederick Hussey Wm. Fisher 
 
 Henry Paulin John Henr^ 
 
 Edward Whettaker John Pound 
 
 TJwtnas Mathews Anthony Addson 
 
 Anthony Cooke Thomas SkillTnan 
 
 Samuel Oliver Edw. French 
 George Porter 
 Those that are Crost finde themselves provisions. 
 
New York Historical Records. 419 
 
 Ak Oedek foe Cutting Pallisadoes at Esopus. 
 
 Tliese are to give notice to all persons concerned in eith' of the new Dorpes or Villages lately 
 laid out l)y my ord', That every such person doe repaire or send some one in his stead to their 
 respective Doi-pes or Villages duering this ensueing winter to cut & provide their proportions of 
 Pallisadoes against the next spring, when each persons dividend of land belonging to his lott shall 
 be sett forth for tlieir settling thereupon. Ilereof they are not to faile. Given imder my hand 
 at Esopus this 26"" day of Septemb'. 1668. 
 
 Fean. Lovelace. 
 
 An Ord" foe the provision of Planks, boards &c. for y^ settling t^ furthest 
 New Dorp. 
 
 "Whereas a Resolu9on is taken to settle the furthest New Dorpc or Village with all con- 
 venient speed & in the first place it being requisite & necessary to make some place of defence 
 for the w''' there will be occasion of Plankes & oth' materials. These are to authorize and 
 empower yo" Henry Pauling on the behalfe of yo'self & the rest that are to settle there to take 
 such Plankes, boards & oth"' materialls as yo" shall finde fitting for that pui-pose at the nextDorpe 
 from any Two of the watchhouses or fower Flankers there belonging to the Publique & being 
 nearest at hand & to see them imployed for the use afoi-esaid. In the perfourmance whereof the 
 Schout & Commissaryes are desired to be aiding & assisting to yo" in providing of such Carts & 
 Horses as may be requisite for their transporting to the said New Dorpe And for soe doeing 
 this shall be to yo" a sufficient warrant. Given und' my hand at Esopus, this 26"' day of Sep- 
 tember A°. Dom. 1668. 
 
 Fran. Lovelace. 
 
 The names of those persons that are willing to take their dividends of 
 LoTTs at the furthest New Dorpe. 
 
 We who have hereunto subscribed o^ names, are willing to take o' Dividends of Lotts at the 
 Furthest New Doi-pe or Village, when the Governo' shall please to give order for the laying them 
 out unto us. Dated at Esopus the 26*^" day of September 1668. 
 
 Tho. Quynnell Christofer Berisford 
 
 The marke R\ of Kobt. Peacock. 
 
 Eobt. Bickerstaffe George Hall 
 
 Jn". Beiggs 
 
 Frederick Hussey 
 
 Henry Farling The marke " jO of Wm. Houghton 
 
 Anthony Cooke 
 
 Samuel Oliver ^^'^rt yrT Peice 
 
 Edwaed Whittakee Thomas Elger 
 
 Thomas Mathews George Porter 
 
 Tho. Skillman Anthony Addison 
 
 COENELIS AeSON Jn". PuME 
 
 Davey Crawford Wm. Fishee 
 
 Jn". Hendeick 
 Rich" Cage. 
 
420 Colonial Settlements on ilie Hudson River. 
 
 Insteuctions to the Schout and the best of the Comissaeyes at Esopus. 
 
 To" are with convenient speed to remove y'^ Palisadoes & place them at the extremity of 
 yo"^ Towne where the new addition is made & to open the Coming in of the Towne in the middle 
 of it as is designed. 
 
 The place for biiriall must be Infpaled as likewise the place for a Townehouse. 
 
 The Morasse that lyes und'' the Towne yo" are to take care that it be drayned, whereby the 
 place will not onely be improved to be bett% but it will Contribute much to the health of the place. 
 
 That according to the Agreem' made before me you goe on w"" the fence bctweene you & 
 yo' neighbours on the other syde, That there may be no further occasion of difference on that 
 Account. 
 
 Yo" are to be very Circumspect in observing the motions and Inten9ons of the Indians 
 especially those of the Wapinffoes who are now gone to ioyne w"" the Mohawks against the 
 Mahihanders. 
 
 Yo" are upon all convenient opertunityes to give me an account of the welfare and affaires of 
 this place & if any thing happens extraordinary to send an express. 
 
 Yo" are to take care for the quartering y<^ Souldiers till such tyme I can send them provisions 
 w"** will be w"" the first opportunity & likewise to live friendly & peaceably w"" them & to assist 
 them in what conveniently you can towards their planting the New Towne. 
 
 Fean. Lovelace. 
 
 A waeeant to the Constable of East Chest" to apeehend such peeson as 
 teavell on the Sunday. 
 
 "Whereas I am informed that severall persons not regarding the Lawes do presume to profane 
 the Sunday or Lord's day by travelling, labouring or other Vicious wayes to the great Scandall of 
 the Governm'. These are to authorize yo" the present Constable or Officer at Ea^tchester to 
 apprehend any such person or persons & to bynde him or them over to answer their offence & 
 contempt at the next Court of Sessions, where yo" are to make a due returne of their name & 
 present their misdemeanour. Given und' my hand at Fort James in New York this 28"' day of 
 October 1668. 
 
 To Samuell Vralce at Eastchester. 
 
 Oedee dieectinq Heney Pawling to lay out Lots at the " furthest New Doep 
 AT Esopus" (Mabbletown). 
 
 Whereas I am informed that some of y"= Persons who have leave to settle at the furthest 
 New Dur}) at Esopus, have a desire to goe there this winter, These are to authorize & appoint 
 you UfAiry Pauling w"" the first Conveniency to lay out to such person their respective House 
 Lotts in the place aforesaid, for the doing whereof this shall be yo' warrant. Given und' my 
 hand at Fort James in New Twke this 9"" day of November 1668. 
 
 To Mr. Henry Pauling. 
 
 I 
 
Neto YorTc Historical Records. 40 1 
 
 Council Minute. Dispute over land betwen the Town of ILvelem and John 
 Aechee. Kovbr. 6, 1668. 
 
 At a Special! Meeting appointed by the Governo^ to heare a Matf in Difference between 
 The Inhabit'" of New Haerlem 
 
 hy Dan. T\rniei\ Jno. VerveeUn |-Plts. 
 Resolved Waldron & y^ Constable ^ 
 John Archer Deft. 
 
 Their Peti9on by way of Plaint is read & their Patent produced. 
 
 The Def denyes any Clayme to y<' Lotts upon the Maine No. 1, 2, 3, 4, w"> w'^" hee is charged, 
 but hath purchased Land near adjoyning that was the YouncJcer Van der Doncks. 
 
 It being taken into ConsideraQon, It was order'd that the Deft, doe bring in the Pa' for the 
 Tounckers Land in 15 dayes time, w"" what Right hee hath to the Land, where hee hath built, at 
 w"^"" time some Persons shall bee appointed to view the meadow belonging to Harlem upon the 
 Maine, and to make Eeport how it may bee preserved from the Def' trespassing on it ; w"" said 
 Persons shall also bee ordered to view the Passage of Spiting Devil, how it may bee made con- 
 venient for Travailers and Deift of Cattle, y'' fferry at Harlem being found incommodious and 
 not answering the Ends formerly proposed. *************** 
 
 November 21'', 1G68. 
 Present The Governo" 
 
 Mr Mayo"' John Archer according to tlie Order 
 
 Mr Bedloo of the 6'" Instant appeared to make 
 
 Mr Boone out his Title. 
 
 The Secret^ 
 The Order] : Whereas by an Order of the G"" Instant Jno. Archer was appointed to make out 
 liis Title to the Land, where hee is now seated and having accordingly appeared but not clearly 
 made it out, Hee having noe Bill of Sale nor Bonds setting forth his Purchase. It is this day 
 Ordered, that the said Jno. Archer have farther time till y* 14"" day of fifeb'''' next to cleare his 
 Title ; In y* meantime hee is to remaine where hee is without Molesta9on & giving noe disturb- 
 ance to his Neighbours. It is likewise Ordered, that in pursuance of the former Ord" some Per- 
 sons shall bee ajspointed to view y" Land, where Jno. Archer now lives & the Meadows belonging 
 to Harlem upon the Maine, as also about the Passage at Spiting Devil for y'= conveniency of Trav- 
 ellers and p'servacjoii of Cattle upon the Island, when the fferry at Ha/rlem is to bee removed. (*) 
 
 An Order for six of the Souldiers at Esopus to goe to avoeke weekly at the 
 
 FURTHEST NeW DuKPE. 
 
 "Whereas It is intended that the furthest New Durpe shall be settled w"' all Convenient speed. 
 There are to require yo" upon the receipt hereof to apjioint six of the Souldiers und' yo"^ Com- 
 and to goe each weeke to worke there or to send & take provisions along w"" them, who arc to 
 be relieved the following weeke by six other Souldiers & so to take turnes successively' weeke 
 aff weeke until further order. Given und'' my hand at Fort James in N. Yo7'ke this 9"" day of 
 November 1668. 
 
 To Mr. Christofer Berinford at Esopus. 
 
 * As commissioners under this order Jno. ItieJihdl of MamaroncA-, Wm. Lawrence of Flushing, Jacques Cortil- 
 leau of New Utrecht, Resolved Waldron of Harlem and Thomas Wandall were appointed Febry 23, 1669. 
 
422 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 An order concerning the taxes to be paid in West and East Chester. 
 
 "Whereas I am informed that tlie Farmers at Eastcliester and others who have perticiilar 
 Patents for severall parcells of Land w"'in tlie lymitts and JurisdicQon of the Towne of West 
 Chester do refuse to pay their Proportions towards the Generall Pattent for the Towne & other 
 Publique charges incumbent npon the said place, These are to certefy, that it is the duty of all 
 p'ticuler p'sons w'Mn the lymitts »fe iurisdiction of the said Towne to beare their parte or pro- 
 por9on of all such publique charges their perticuler Patents notwithstanding. Given und' my 
 hand at Fort James in New YorJce this l?"* day of November 1668. 
 
 F. Lovelace. 
 
 To the Inhabitants of Westchester &c. 
 
 The Governo"' Lre to the Officers and Sotjldiers at Esopus. 
 Gentlemen. 
 
 Plaving now paid yo" of thes 6 months last past so y' yo" cannot p'tend any obstructions to 
 the setling the new PlantaQou I have laid out for yo", in w"' I desire yo' vigorous endeav' that so 
 by that tyme I shall come up to yo" w"" (w"' God's permission) will be as soone as that weather 
 will p'mitt I may see some fruites of yo' Labour yo" may be sure of all the Countenance & assist- 
 ance I can afford yo" & I shall expect nothing from yo" but a Civill Comportment. I doubt not 
 but by your vertuous endeavours & God's blessing on yo' labour to give a comfortable account of 
 yo" to his Eoyall Highnesse who (I know) will be very well satisfyed w"" your undertakings & 
 the benefitt & content will needs redound to yo' future felicity, w''" as no man wishes more than 
 myselfe, so none shall promote it more than 
 Fort James in N. Yorhe the 17"" of Novbr. 1668. Yo' afiectionate freind 
 
 F. Lovelace. 
 
 For the Officers & Souldiers at Esopus. 
 
 An Ord" excusing the Inhabitants of Eastchest" from paying and contributing 
 
 TO ANY OTH" ToWNES. 
 
 Whereas the Inhabitants of Eastchester are men9oned in a former Order to be lyable to pay 
 towards the Gen" Pattent of yo' Towne & other publique charges Incumbent vpon the place as 
 being w"'in yo' jurisdiction Upon further Information & considera^on thereupon had that they 
 are a distinct village of themselves by their Pattent, though in some things depending upon your 
 Towne & that they receive no benefitt or privileges from yo' Towne, they having likewise beene 
 at considerable charges in making & repairing the Highways about them without any help from 
 you, I think it reasonable, that they should be excused from Contributing to these Charges w""^' 
 concerne yo'selves alone ; the w"^*" yo" are to observe any former ord' to the Contrary notw"'stand- 
 ing. Given und' my hand at ffort James in New Yorhe. this IP'' day of December 1668. 
 
New Yorli, Historical liecords. 423 
 
 The Goveeno'*' Lett" to y'^ Magistkates at Esopds. 
 Loving friends. 
 
 Mr. Pawling liath fully informed me of what hath past betweene yo" & y« Esopus Indians, 
 as also of their proposalls Joyned w"" the South Indians & those of Nevimns to make a firme 
 ])eace w"* y*^ Maques & Synnekes. I doe very well approve of what yo" have already done & 
 do thinke it convenient that their desigue of peace should be encouraged & promoted w'" all 
 speed To w"' end you'l do well to send some Christian w"" yo' Indians (but at their charge) to sec 
 y"= same agreed & Concluded upon. If yo" are not provided better I thinke Chri.stofer Davies 
 may be a iitt person to receive instruc9ons from yo" therein »fe to be a witness of what shall be 
 done w* when it shall be effected at his & the Indians returiie back, I shall expect an Account 
 thereof here, when I shall be ready to Eatify & confirme, what they shall agree «fe Conclude upon 
 tending to peace & Unity. I am 
 
 Fort' James in New Yorke Yo' very Loving friend 
 
 24'" ffebr^ 1668-9. Ynm. Lovelace. 
 
 Letter from Domine Johannes Megapolensis to the Classis of Amsterdam : 
 Arrears of Salary : State of the Church UNDEft the English : Lutherans. 
 
 Eeverend, Pious, Learned Fathers and Brethren in Clirist Jesus ! 
 
 The W. I. Company has unrighteously withheld from me about 2000 guilders, due me as 
 salary, which had accrued previous to the change of government and the capitulation of this place 
 to the English, the false charge having laid to me, that I had an agency in procuring the capitula- 
 tion. Evidence of the falsity' of this charge has been forwarded to the Rev. Classis, and honorable 
 men may see it in my defense. I doubt not, that the Classis has done its dutj' in defending me 
 before the Hon''''' Directors and that they will obtain for me the balance of my salary. But I 
 have not as yet received a written answer from the Eev. Classis, although I none the less hope, 
 they will continue their kind favors. 
 
 The Classis will learn from my son Samuel, lately a minister of the church here and as well 
 acquainted with it as I am, the condition and circumstances of the church. On that account I 
 liave not written you lately. There is a large attendance on the Sabbath and the church is full. 
 They seem to take great interest in the preaching, but the greater part of my hearers take but 
 little interest in contributing to the support of the Gospel in paying our salary. We have 
 addressed our Governor several times, but he has answered, that as the Dutch enjoy their freedom 
 of worship, they should provide for the support of their minister. It remains thus with our 
 salaries and in consequence we are greatly pres.sed in sustaining ourselves. For this reason my son 
 Samv£l has resigned his call to the church here and taken his dismission in order to return to the 
 Fatherland and reside there. I doubt not, your Eev. Classis will kindly receive him and assist 
 him, so that when a convenient opportunity occurs, he may again be employed in the service of 
 the ministry. 
 
 Domine Drisius is also an old man of about tlio same age as myself. Although we are both 
 in the decline of life, we shall endeavor to do our duty and fulfil the ministry. I trust that God, 
 who has dealt so kindly with me from my youth, will provide for me during the short remainder 
 of my life. When in my youth 1 renounced popery, my patrimony was forfeited. I am now 
 sixty-eight years old and have been forty years in the ministry, twenty-seven years in this country 
 and the rest in North Holland. One thing occurs to my mind and tills me with sadness, namely 
 
424 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 the welfare of my congregation, when Domine Drisius and I come to die. As there is so little 
 inclination to support the Gospel adequately, I see not how they will obtain another minister. 
 There is besides another difficulty. The Lutherans, this spring, obtained a parson from Amster- 
 dam and received liim with great pleasure. Therefore I fear, that when we die there will be a 
 great scattering and diminution of the church. But God can direct all for the best and give a 
 happy issue. 
 
 New- York in America Your dutyful brother in Christ 
 
 on tlie Island of Manhattan April |-fih 1669. Joannes Megapolensis. 
 
 LiBEETT to John Aechek to settle 16 familtks at SprriNG Devill. 
 
 These are to certefy all whome it may concerne That I have given leave to John Archer to 
 settle sixteene familyes upon the Maine neare the wading place according to directions formerly 
 given and that what agreem' hee shall make w"" y*^ Inhabitants as to their propor9ons of improv- 
 able Land and hamelotts, I shall bee ready to confirme, but doe respite the Setting out the uttmost 
 bounds for their Range, untill I shall come once more upon y'^ Place after w'^'' I shall graunt a 
 patent for their further assurance. Given under my hand at Fort James this 3"* day of May 1669. 
 
 Fk. L. 
 
 An okder conceening the Militia on Staten-Island. 
 Gentlemen. 
 
 I have received yo' returne of two p''son8 for y" Employm* of Lieutenant of y' Militia of yo' 
 Towne, for the w'"" I doe approve of Thomas Carle, who is to follow the directions already given 
 in my late order to goe to y^ Generall Rendevous, And in complyance to yo"' Request that a file of 
 men should stay behind for y'' Protection and Safeguard of the Place, I doe thinke fitt, that Peter 
 Bileau doe stay with a file of men for that purpose, one of j" ancient Inhabitants and is best 
 acquainted among y" Indyans. I doe intend in some short time to give you a visitt to settle y' 
 affairs amongst you. In y* meantyme I am. 
 
 Fe. L. 
 Postscript. 
 
 This Settlement of y" Militia is for y' Present iuncture of Time untill my coming amongst 
 you when I shall take further Order therein. 
 May 14"" Fort James New Yvrlce. 
 
 Lettee fbom Gov" Lovelace to the Goveenoe of Beemcda conceenino immigkation. 
 
 Honored Sir : 
 
 It being the positive comand of my Royall Master His Highnesse the Dxilce of YorTce, That 
 after my arrival in these partes I should fix and maintaine a firme and freindly correspondence 
 with the Govern" of all the neighbouring Colonyes & plantaQons in these parts of the world, 
 This being premised, I hope my letter (though a Stranger to you) will require no further patron- 
 age or Apologie. To bee brief, the word of Capt. Stone has rendered the country very prosperous, 
 
Neio Yorl Ilisforical Beconls. 405 
 
 beyond the strength of afl'onrdino; all tlie Inhabitants a plentifull snbsistanco. And (if hee flatters 
 mee not) hee beleeves with your approbation and leave -many would bee ioyfull and willing to 
 transport themselves heather, of which I may truly say there is a want of nothing but an Indus- 
 trious and well disposed people to make it considerable both by the world and themselves. It will 
 doe a gratefull service unto his E. Highnesse, if you advance this designe as it will doe an accept- 
 able worke to your Countrymen, if out of yo' superfluity you persuade some to dispose themselves 
 into His E. Highnesse Territoryes, where (besides all other con\'enieneyes) thev will findo moi-e 
 room for themselves and make for others, they shall leave behind, I have here sent you a Copy of 
 y*" Conditions the planters may settle on, which if it finde any acceptation with you (when Capt. 
 Stone retunies) you may sent some authorized from them to vew the place and to make such a 
 fiuall conclusion as may require no further expostnla9on. S^, I beg yo"' pardon for this confidence, 
 to expiate which I can onely assure you, that wherein I can any way bee serviceable to yon, vou 
 may assuredly make use of mee, as one who is 
 
 Forts James in New Yorlce on the Yo"' affectionate friend and Servant 
 
 Ysland Manhatcms in America June 3'', IfiGO. Fr. Lovelace. 
 
 Propositions and Condk^ons foe a Competent numbee of familtes feom y'' 
 Island Baemudas to settle a Townesiiipp vpon Staten-Island, belonging 
 to these his Eoyal Highnesse Teekitoeyes. 
 
 First upon their arrivale they shall have a convenient place sett out for them upon the said 
 Staten-Island on the South or Southwest part of itt neare the waterside to erect a Towne, the 
 which shall bee divided into lotts according to the number of Inhabitants proposed and intended 
 to bee settled there. 
 
 That Each home lott shall have .... Acres of Ground to build a bouse upon and for 
 gardens or other necessary accomoda(;ons, as they shall thinke best to dispose of itt. 
 
 That there shall bee allotted of Ploughland ur Arable ground Acres and of 
 
 Meadow a convenient propor9on. 
 
 That there shall bee no taks or levey imposed on them more then there is on other part and 
 places within this Goverm', which is onely to bear their propor9on of Charges to y" Country Eates 
 toward the keeping Courts of Judicature and other matters relating to themselves with some 
 small acknowledgments to his E. H., being in all a very inconsiderable matter. 
 
 That after they are in a way of Settlem' they shall a Patent by Authority from Iheir Eoyall 
 Highnesse for the Coufirma(;on of their Lands and proprietyes with the Same Condi(;ons as the 
 rest of the Towne of the Goverm'. 
 
 That the Inhabitants shall have Liberty of Conscience, the which is graunted to them in the 
 Lawes nor shall any person bee molested, fined or imprisoned for dellering in Judgment in matters 
 of Eeligion, provided he profess Christianity and doe not molest or distui-be others in the divine 
 exercise of their Eeligion. 
 
 That they shall have liberty to elect and choose their owne Minister, to whom they are to 
 give a competent allowance for his Subsistance as they shall agree and to lay out and cleare a lott 
 of ground for him proporcjonable with the Eest, the which lott shall bee after theii- first Ministers 
 decease or desertmg them at the Towne disposal for their succeeding Ministers. 
 54 
 
426 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 That in considera9on of what is before proposed for y" benefitt of the Settlers, They shall bee 
 obliged to cleare and fence two home iotts with eqnall propor9on of arable or ploughlaud as is 
 allotted to the Rest for the use of the Govern' or to bee at his disposal!. 
 
 That in all other matters and things they are to bee conformable to the Lawes and Constitu- 
 90ns of the Governm* Confirmed and Established by his Royall Highnesse, being in most things 
 consonant to and agreing with and no way repugnant unto the Lawes of Englandt. 
 
 ■ Fb. L. 
 
 An order prohibiting to trade with Indtans at Schanechtade. 
 
 Whereas I am given to understand that divers persons doe presume contrary to former acts 
 and Lawes Establisht within this Governm'' to trade with the Indyans from divers places to Sclia- 
 neehtade and that others from that place pretending or that the goods really belong to them doe 
 treade there with the Indyans contrary to the Custome and practize of former times and the Con- 
 di9ons upon which they first settled, which already doth and hereafter may tend to the mine and 
 destruction of the trade in the Towne of Albany, which is of farr greater considera9on and benefitt 
 of the Governm'' then the private end and respects of particular persons can redound to. These 
 are to require you to see that the former acts and Lawes in the behalfe aforesaid bee putt in E.xe- 
 cu9on and that you take care, that no such Liberty bee taken or hereafter graunted for any per- 
 sons under what pretence whatsoever to traficke or trade with the Indians at Schanechtade. And 
 that the Inhabitants have no further liberty to trade with them but onely for their necessary sub 
 sistance and releife. Hereafter you are not to fayle. Given under my hand and seal at Fort 
 James in New Yorhe this T"" day of June in the 21'"' yeare of his Ma'"^^ Raigue Annoque Dom- 
 ini 1669 Fr. L. 
 
 Letter from Gov" Lovelace to Sergeant Berisford at Esopus on the lack of 
 discipline among the soldiers. 
 Mr. Berisford 
 
 I have received yo' Letter of the IT"' of July together with William Fisher. I approve 
 well of yo' presecu9on of yo' duty ; But this I must informe you, that if a Stricter hand had 
 beene kept over the Soiddiers, wee should not have had such frequent Comp'" of them as dayly 
 aproway (?) my eares; For besides fact of this p'ticiilar person, I cannot but take notice 
 to you of the great Comp" of the sould" often drunkenesse, debauchery, breaking windowes, 
 quarelling with all, vindicating themselves in their owne Causes and such like Exorbitances, 
 that (to speake plainely) are becoming more the nursery of Newgate, then persons who 
 have taken on them a settled and resolved life ; Pray therefore lett these things bee amended 
 and that I may have no further Cause to expostulate with you on y" like subject ; 1 am sorry 
 I could not in person visitt you this Spring, but send mee word if anything bee to bee 
 done in point of laying outtheLotts of their feilds, I will send then the Survey' and Cominiss" to 
 effect it, however lett them goe on with their homelotts according to the description I gave to 
 Pawling. Comend mee kindly to all and beleeve mee to bee 
 
 Tom Walton was on the point of death and he bequeathed Lst. to Mrs. Broadhead, to 
 whom comend mee and tell her her debt from Fisher is as safe now as before. 
 
 Fort James, the 25*'' of July 1669. 
 
 * 
 
iSt'ov Yorh Ilititorical Tlecords. 407 
 
 Letter from tite s^\jyiE to Henry Pacling at Esopus on the t'eace amont. the 
 Indians. 
 Heret. 
 
 Yo- Letter of j" 5"' Instant I answered, since wliicli I received another of IT"" ditto. I tluinke 
 3'o'> for yo' frequent letters, I approve very well of yo' advancing the peace with y« Indyans. 
 Thoui^li I must confesse, it liad beene better, had the appearance of yo' formality of the Mao-is- 
 trates of Esopus concerned themselves here: I cannot imagine how that peace will bee of any 
 duration, in regard the Maqiias will not accord with the Wajopingos and other na9ons of that side 
 of JIudsons River and there being so great a Correspondence witli them of the Esopus, Cattskih 
 &c that hee that attack the one, must needs injure the other, since in all exti-emityes they will 
 recourse one to the other. I am endeavouring to make it a generall peace and doubt not but to 
 accomplish it, for if the Indyans under Mr. Winthrop bee but as pliable as our Indyans, the worke 
 is already done; you may on all occasions assure them so, it will relieve their doubt much, when 
 they see but a possibility for a generall peace. For y'' Oare sent mee, I have tryde it and find it 
 riglit. But with all I desire a greater quantity to bee sent mee by the next convenience, for the 
 Last was so little, that I could hardly make a Tryall. For the Land you relate to be neare the 
 Mine, pray take it up for mee and if it bee in such a place, as may render it Comunicable to 
 other, I will settle it. For y" Washnakers Land I shall not dispose it till I heare out of England. 
 Pray proceed vigorously toward the Settlem' of your Towne and I will invest you with sufiicient 
 authority to administer Justice amongst them, I have from England advertisement of 200 Scotch 
 farailyes, that are to bee transported hether (if so) I jiurpose to settle them neare you, that so you 
 may strengthen each other y'= better. Comend mee to the Magistrates there and the Rest and 
 believe mee to bee 
 
 You' loving friend 
 Eurf James the 2."/'' day of July IfifiO Fkan Lovelace. 
 
 Letter FRo^r the sa:me to the Magistrates at Albany. Negotiations witu 
 the Indians. 
 Gentlemen 
 
 My last to you was about the letting out the great Pacht or Tappers Excise for the yeare 
 ensueing for the w"'' I therein gave you some Instructions. I then also required you, that the 
 double excise for liqu" goeing up to Albany is taken off, it being onely to bee paid here. 
 
 In answer to yo' letters concerning the peace betweene the Indyans, I doe very well approve of 
 what you have already done and shall desire you continue yo' best endeav"" for y" promoting of it 
 to effect. I have given an Ace' of all your proceedings about it to the Maquaes part unto Mr. 
 Winthrop, from wliome I every day expect an answer, how farre ho hath wrought with those 
 Indyans about him as also an agreem' upon the place where the meeting shall bee for y" conclu- 
 sion of the peace, whether in this city or not. 
 
 I am informed that the Maquaes have made a peace with y" Esopus, CattsMll and other 
 Indyans adiaceut, but have excluded the Wappincjos, which will bee an occasion of breach of it 
 againe unlesse they will bee included, also there being so great affinity and correspondence betweene 
 them and those other Indyans. When I receive letters from Gov' Winthrop you shall heai-e 
 further from mee concerning tiiis matter, in the meantime yo' Care and Prudence in the managem' 
 of Affayres with the Mtypuu'.s will bee very acceptable to Yo' affectionate friend 
 
 New Yorke this 2*;^" of July l(i«'.>. Fkan. Lovelace. 
 
428 Colmiial Settlements on tlie Hudson River, 
 
 Letter WEiTTEisr by okdee of Gov" Lovelace to the Commissaeies at Albany 
 ON Indian affaies. 
 Gentlemen. 
 
 Here hatli been with the Govern'' Perewyn lately chosen Sachem of y HachingsacTc Tampan 
 and Staten Islwad Indians to renew & acknowledge y' peace betweene them & y^ Xtians here 
 & w"^ all declared y° peace made betweene them & y° Maquaes & Synneks Indians, The w'*" they 
 say they are resolved to keep inviolably. The Govern'' hath comanded me to signify y° same 
 unto you & yo" may putt it upon record there as it will be here to be a Testimony against those, 
 that shall make y" first Breach, This is all at p''sent from 
 
 Gent, 
 New Yorke, Aug* 13'", 1669. Yo"" very loving freind 
 
 To y^ Com"'^ at Albany, These. 
 
 Council Minute. Esopus Matters. 
 
 At a Coiincell Sept. 9'" 1669 
 Before tlie Governo^ 
 Present Mr. WMffield 
 Mr. Nicolls. 
 
 The Biisynesse of Esopus into Considera9on. 
 
 It is Ordered, that y'= Garryson at £soj>us shall bee henceforth Disbanded and Dismist of 
 their Military Employment, they being a needless Charge to y" Duke. 
 
 It is ordered, that Commission''^ bee appointed to goe up to Esojnis, to wlioiu some others 
 there shall bee joyned to Regulate the Affayres of Esopus and of the New Dorpes. 
 That y'^ persons appointed for Commission"^^ bee 
 Mr. lialph Whitfield, Presid' 
 Capt. Jno, ManniiKj 
 Capt. Jacques Cortelyou 
 Capt. Thomas Chambers 
 Mr. TFm. Beaktnan, Schout 
 Mr. Henry Pawling 
 Mr. Christopher Berrisford. 
 Of w"" any five of them shall bee a Quorum to settle the Affayres of all the Places there- 
 abouts, for the which they shall have a Commission and Instructions. 
 
 The Govern"' Comission to seveeall p^sons foe y^ regulation of y^ Affaires 
 at Esopus &c. 
 
 Francis Lovelace Esq''" Governo"' Gen" und'' his Eoyall Ilighnesse James Duke of 
 
 York and Albany &c of all his Territoryes in Amreica, To all to whome these 
 
 p'sents shall come sendeth greeting. 
 
 Whereas there areseverall affaires at Esopus & j" New Doi-pes or villages adjacent w* require 
 
 regulation by some p'^sons of Integrity & Experience to be upon y^ place and there lying 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 409 
 
 likewise before me some Complaints of irregular proceedings in y° €0"^ there, w'^'' ouo-lit to be 
 Examined & rectifyed, For y'= better managing y'' s'' affaires & to put an end to any such differ- 
 ences, I have thought fitt to nominate, constitute & appoint yo" Ralph Whitfield Esq'' Capt. 
 Jno. Manning, Capt. Thomas Ckamhers, Mr. William Beeckman, Mr. Christopher Berisford 
 k Mr. Uenry Pawling to be Com" to Examyn into & to regulate y" afTaircs tliere according to sucli 
 instructions, as I shall herew"" give yo" of w'^'' said Com" yo" Ralph AYldifidd are to be p''sident 
 & any foure of yo" shall be a Quorum ; yo" are upon yo' arrivall there to make y= Inhabitants in 
 generall acquainted with this my Comission & if there shall happen to be any difference betweene 
 any of them w"^" may be of a nature above y° ordinary cognizance of y" Schout & Commissaryes 
 yo" are hereby impowered to heare & determyn y^ same or what ever else of the like nature shall 
 occurre besides what p''ticularly is given yo" in charge in yo"" instructions. And as yo" shall see 
 cause yo" may call before yo" any p''son or p''sons & for y" clearing of y'= truth administer an Oath 
 unto them (y" w'^'' yo" are hereby impowered to give) & whatsoever yo" or so many of yo" as shall 
 make a Quorum shall lawfully Acte or due in y"= prosecution of this my speciall Comission this 
 shall be to yo" & every of yo" a sufficient warrant Given uud'' my hand & scale at ifort James in 
 yew YorTce this 11"^ day of September in the 21'*' yeare of his Ma"*^' Eaigue Annoque Dom. 1669. 
 
 Instructions for Ralph Whitfield Esq"" Capt. Jno. Manning & y'' rest of y'= Com" 
 for y" A.ffayres at y*^ Esupns & y" new villages adjacent. 
 
 Inprimis That after yo" have first publisht y'' Com™ w^'' yo" are to doe w'" all Convenient speed 
 af f yo'' arrivall yo" doe send to y" Sachems y" Esopus who sold their land to my p''decess'' Coll. Nicolls 
 to come and acknowledge y" sale of y° said land before you & upon aeknowledgm' thereof & renew- 
 ing of ffreindship yo" Engage them to doe y° like yearely at y" same place for y" future. 
 
 2. That you acquaint y" Souldiers & all y° Inhabitant in Gen" that now being a Tyme of 
 peace & lande being allotted to every Souldier for his Subsistance have thought fitt to reduce y" 
 Garrison & to take that Charge of from his Hoyall Ilighnesse the Duke. 
 
 3. That then yo" make inquiry into y° strength of y' place by taking Account of y" numb'' 
 of familyes & p''sons Capable to beare Amies both at y'^ Esopus & y" Two nearc villages, aff w'*' 
 yo" are to endeav"' to f ynde out y" best & most Convenient way for maintaining a constant watcii 
 at y" Redoubt. 
 
 4. That yo" make inquiry, how y" Inhabitants of Esopus have proceeded in following my 
 Ord" & Instructions left w'" them, when I was there & what isy" liemora* or reason why they 
 have not proceeded therein 
 
 5. To make inquiry aff & to view y" land commoidy called Wa.JunaTiers Land & to 
 endeavour to know y" p''tence of Govern'' Stui/ucsant or any oth'' p''son thereupon & upon what 
 Account & consideration they clayrae it. 
 
 6. To make Enquiry aff & to view a peice of Land adjacent Clayined or belonging to 
 Thiomax Hall lately deceased. 
 
 7. To Enquire aff y" Lymitts & bounds of Capf . Thomas C/i<uiihors\nA Land, wheth' it bo 
 according to his Graunts & Pattents & how much furth'' it extends. 
 
 8. To Enquire how Capt" Tliomas Chanibers is enclyn'd to pei-fourme his imdertaking y"* 
 last yeare about Erecting tfelceeping y° Storehouse (at y° Redoidd of w*"' yo" have the Articles) 
 & if he still declynes it to propose it to some oth' undertaker. 
 
 9. That yo" make a speciall Injunction that noe wheate or oth'' Gniyne bo transported & 
 
 ''Deliiy, obstacle. AVclistcr. 
 

 430 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 mingled w'" oth'' w*''ont y^ Come be very well Cleansed that place haveing already lost in parte y° 
 reputation they formerly had. 
 
 10. That yo" give Ord'' for y'' fanning of y'= Excise to y' best advantage & take Account 
 how y'' last yeares Income is disposed of. 
 
 11. That yo" take Ord'' that all p''sons, who have any p''tences to Lotts aty"" New Dorjie (w'^'' 
 was burnt) doe forthw"" settle there und' y^ penalty of some fyne or forfeiture. 
 
 12. That if Mi-s. Broadhead doe remove from y« Washmakers Landyo" take care to make a 
 very good provision for her at y'' furth'' Dorpe'ya. regard of her great Charge &her being a Com"" 
 Offie''^ widdow. 
 
 13. That yo" take it into yo'' Consideration how y'= furth'' New JDorpe shall be Governed as 
 to officers and by what Lawes. 
 
 14. That yo" appoint some Officers to owY y^ well laying out y^ High wayes from one village 
 to anoth'' & keeping them passable. 
 
 15. That yo" inquire aff & appoint fitt places of Rendevous in Case of Insurrections or 
 Invasions & how each place may have Eecourse one to y" other for succour. 
 
 Ifi. That yo" take some Ord'' for y' Reparation of y" house next to Mr. Beeckmmi's eomonly 
 called y* Dominies or y' State house. 
 
 17. That yo" take greate Care to regulate y^ Abuses of y" Indians & their drunkenesse at 
 Esojms, & make inquiry who transgresse in giving them more drink or liqu''" than is fitting or 
 allowed of. 
 
 18. That yo" Cause an Oftic'' to be made in y" Xaturc of a Constable amongst y" Indians to 
 keep them in y" better ord''. 
 
 19. That one or more Office'' be appointed by yo" at y" furth'' Dorjx', to whome y" Indians 
 thereabout may have Recourse for redresse upon Occasion. 
 
 20. That yo" take Care and give yo'' best advice & direction for y* Continuance of y*" late made 
 peace amongst y* Indians & if any breach shall happen that yo" give Ord'' to make inquiry & 
 where y' fault lyes to cause satisfaction to be given by them to those injured or abused. 
 
 21. That yo" Cause a prohibition to be made that no Strangers be p''initted to come amongst 
 y' neighbor Indians there & disturbe y' publique peace. 
 
 22. That yo" acquaint y° Souldiers that as soone as their Accounts can be stated to know what 
 is due to them their Arrears shall be all paid off. 
 
 23. That yo" likewise take into yo'' Consideration how some rate may be imposed upon y" 
 Inhabitants there according to y'= Lawes Establish' for y« defraying their owne publique Charge. 
 
 24. And Lastly that having done yo'^ utmost in p''secuting my Com"" & following theise my 
 Instructions that yo" breake of & repaire to yo' respective Employm* & Occasions. 
 
 Given und"" my hand Vii ffort James in New Yorhe 
 
 this ll"' day of September 1669. Francis Lovelace. 
 
 Prooeedings oe the Commissioners appointed to regulate affairs at the 
 
 EsOPUS AND their REPORT.' 
 
 Aesopus, Sept. 17'^ 1G69. 
 At a Speciall Court held there by vertue of a Commission from his Hon'' the Governour to 
 Regulate the Affayres of that place and the Villages adjacent. 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 4;U 
 
 All the Com''"' being present, the Sachems were sent for to attend them &c. 
 
 They likewise gave Notice to the Souldiery of that place to appeare the next day at 2 of tlio 
 Clock in the Afternoon. 
 
 The Cora'' then adjourned till y"^ next day at 8 of y'= Clock in y'= fforenooue and went to View 
 the Villages and nam'd the further Village MarUeton according to his Hon'" directiuns. 
 
 Three places of Eendevouz were appointed for Safegard of the villages, vizt. tlie first in y" 
 middle of MarhletoJi, the second at Ilalfe way ground, the thkd in Ilwrley, which is the Villao-e 
 next to Enojnis and then so uam'd by them. 
 
 Septem' IS'". 
 Present all y' Com''' John Joestcn peti(;oned about the exchange of a Lott, it lyeing not jiroji- 
 erly before us, it was thrown out. 
 
 The Com" then drew up this Ord'' w''' was iuuuediately pul)lishd and after affixed tu the 
 door of the Townehouse as followeth : 
 
 Whereas the Com''* appointed by his Hon'' the Govern'' to regulate & settle y*" affayres at 
 Sopiis and y" Villages adjacent have heard of severall p''tenees or Titles to y*" Washmaker' s Land 
 and the Villages adjacent made by severall persons and the Lands p'"tended to by Thomas Hall 
 lately deceased, they have thought fitt for the clearing and determining of all Claymes concerning 
 those places to warn all persons to bring in Patents or p^tences to the places aforemen^oned and 
 doe hereby strictly Enjoyne all persons to bring in their Patents or P''tenees on Munday next 
 about 2 of the Clock in the Afternoon to them, who shall then be sitting at the Townehouse at 
 Sopez Then & there to receive a Conclusion & Judgm' of their severall Titles & p''tences as may 
 be most satisfactory to the said severall Pretenders. Given under my hand at Sopes this IS"" of 
 September. 
 
 Palpu Whitfield, Pros'. 
 
 Kesolved then, that y^ Watch at y" Redoubt should be maintained by y" Towne of Sopez oidy, 
 the Villages having enough to doe to defend themselves. 
 
 Septbr. 20'". 
 
 A Speciall Ord'" from his Hon'' Dated September y' last and directed to y° Scout and Cora- 
 missaryes there was read. And the Townc was ffyned ffifty Skeppls of Whcate for not performing 
 one Particular there ; vizt ffor not impaleing the Buriall place. The i-est of the Injunctions of 
 the Scout is to give further Ans%ver to. 
 
 It was agreed to make an Ord"" to ])"vent the making of y'' Indians drunk, for the first OlTouco 
 five pounds to be paid by y" Offender, for the second ten pounds, for the third Banishment. 
 
 It was orderd y' y» Scout <fe Coraissaryes should take care that two l^Ien should constantly 
 watch at y" Redouht. 
 
 A List of y" Men able to bearc Arnics at Sopez was then brought in, with y" number of the 
 ffamilyes there, but noe Acco' then given of the two Villages. 
 
 The Court examining all y" Patents, which were then brought in (excepting otdy Mr. Stuyve- 
 sant,Pieter Schuyler & Thomas Hall) and finde in them nothing named concerning the 2'' Styck 
 or peece, either by Dutch patent or Eivjl'tsh. 
 
 Complaint was made by an Tndyan, that Tyerrl- 67rt^« had employed & not paid him; the 
 Court made him make satisfaction and fyncd Tyerh Claes. 
 
The fifth Patent had foure Grants in one -! ^, , . , 
 
 I The third 
 
 432 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Septem' 21'\ 
 Capt. Chambers produced severall Patents for Land and House-Lotts. 
 The first for 38 Morgen 151 rods. 
 The second for 5 " 230 " 
 The third for 26 " 52 " 
 The fourth for 45 rods ffoor ffoot being a Home Lott. 
 
 r The first 440 rood. 
 ! The second 160 " 
 504 " 
 [ The fourth 128 " 
 The B'" Patent 4 Morgan and a halfe. 
 Ordered that the Excise should be oflerd to fFarme on }'" 22^'' instant at 4 of y" Clock in y" 
 Afternoon. 
 
 Then orderd that Rdbt. Goiddsberry should have 12 Acres of Land in MarUeton. 
 Capt. Chamhers refused to meddle with the building of a Storehouse at the EedouU, it was 
 then offerd to others, but noe man would undertake it. 
 
 ****** 
 
 September 22'". 
 The Instructions being then read over againe every Particular was debated and y" Resolution 
 of them will appeare in the Answer to y^ Instructions at large. 
 
 The Scout & Comissaryes desyred Time to consider of the Watch at y* liedouht & to Answer 
 the Instructions formerly directed to them from his Honour and were to bring in their Answer on 
 Thursday. 
 
 September 23"". 
 
 Mr. Pawling was voted to be y" Ofiicer to whom y" Indyans should repaire for Redress of 
 Injuryes in Kingston, Hurley & MarUeton and that hee take care, noe stranger Indyans come 
 among them. 
 
 Mr. Beresford chosen Chief Magistrate of MarUeton & Hurley to bee above a High Con- 
 stable & short of a Justice of Peace & two Overseers in each Towne to be chosen. 
 
 That hee have power to hear & determine concerning the High-Wayes, the overseers to give 
 him an Ace'. 
 
 That Mr. Chamhers have an Ace' from y'' Scout & Comissaryes of Kirujston of the High- 
 Wayes belonging to that place & have the same power to heare and determine. 
 
 The Towne to be flined, if y^ Morass be not drayned by y® last of November, one hundred 
 skepples of wheate. 
 
 ****** 
 
 The Scoiit & Comissaryes then gave an Aec' of certain Instructions formerly sent to them, 
 viz'. That to the Motions of the Indyans they will be watchful! over them and will upon any 
 Occasion give Notice to the Governour. 
 
 That they will new Tyle the Towne house where wanting. 
 
 The Scout & Comissaryes will provide an Officer to Cleanse the Come & measure it. 
 
 The Watch at the Redoubt to be kept by two Men appointed by them ; And the Scout & 
 Comissaryes are to take care to keep it iu repayi-e at the charges of Kingston. 
 
 ****** 
 
 Mr. Pawling peti9oned the Commiss" to discharge him under their hands from certaine 
 
New York Historical Records. 433 
 
 Injunctions liis lluu'' I'ornierly had laid upon lain; They answered, tliey would nuike his Hon'' 
 ae(|uainted with it. 
 
 These Orders following M-cre then drawn ii]> and afterwards puhlisht and alHxt to the Doore 
 of the Towne House. 
 
 An Ord"' that noe Wlieat or other Graine be transported or 
 mingled with other without the Corue be very well cleansed. 
 Whereas y« Com" appointed by his Hon'' the Governour to Eegulate & settle y* Affayres of 
 Kingston & the Villages adjacent have had certaine luforination that all sorts of Graine growing 
 here and being the proper product of KiiKjutun &. the Villages adjacent have not beeue well 
 cleansed ct soe become less merclientable to the great disrepute & prejudice of the place, To p'vent 
 w""" Inconvenience for the future. They have thought fitt to Order and doe hereby strictly Order 
 & enjoyne that noe Person doe ntter or sell any Graine whatsoever to be transported from 
 Kingston, Hurley & Marhleton, but such as shall be well cleansed k. unmingled with other upon 
 paine of forfeiture for any such negligence or default one full quarter of such Graine soe utterd or 
 sonld contrary to this Order, one third part soe forfeited to goc to our Soveraigne Lord the King, 
 one third part to the Informer & the other third part to the Scout and Comissaryes then being 
 (who have hereby power to name the officer for this purpose) to goe toward the charges for keep- 
 ing the Watch at the Redoubt : And that it shall be lawful for the Informer to seize & detaine in 
 possession such graine until complaint made to y'^ Scout & Comissaryes or any two of them, the 
 matter in question be determined : Which they are to doe M'ith all speed convenient according to 
 the Tenure of this Order. Given itc 23* Septbr. 10G9. 
 
 An Ord'' for y'' Drayning y'' Swampish or Morasse Ground 
 adjoining to y*" Towne of Kingston. 
 Whereas his Hon"' y"^ Governo"' had formerly sent Instructions to the Scont and Comissaryes 
 of Ksojnis, now called Kingston, about severall things relating to that place and hath since Corais- 
 sioned severall p''sons to Ilegidate & settle y" Affaires there, who among particulars in their 
 Instructions are obliged to enquire after the performance of what was formerly given in Charge 
 to the said Scout and Commissaryes, and iinding one Article belonging to y^ Publique good as 
 yett unperformed vizt. y° Draining of y" Swanq^ish or Morasse Ground, lyeing & adjoyning to 
 the said Towne, The Com" in pursuance of those Instructions have thought iitt to hasten the per- 
 formance of it. And doe hereby strictly charge y* Scout & Comissaryes (in regard it would very 
 much conduce to the health of the place & the Improvem' of soe much Ground, w''' is rendred 
 at p''sent almost useles) to Draine the said Swampish or Morasse Ground by the last day of 
 November next ensuing upon paine of forfeiture of one hundred skepples of Wheat to his Ma'^ 
 according to the vote & sentence of the Court held this day by the said Commissioners to be 
 levyed on the said Towne of Kingston. Given &c this 23'' of Sepf. 1669. 
 
 An Ord" for y'= liepayre of y"' Domine's House or Towme 
 House in Kingston. 
 
 Whereas the Com"'" appointed &c &c have among other Instructions one concerning the 
 Eepara9ou of the Domine's House or Towne House in Kingston w"^" now grows ruinous, to p''vent 
 further damage, it being of absolute necessity, to keep that House in good repaire, in regard of 
 the frequent -use of it both for Eeligious Dutyes and Civill Affayres, It is thought fitt to give 
 Ord' in that behalfe. And the Scout & Comissaries of this Towne are hereby strictly enjoyned to 
 55 
 
434 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River, 
 
 repaire y^ said House as soon as they eaii get Pau-Tiles to do it and other materialls thereto 
 requisite, Which Keparation (it, being for the publique g*ood) ought to be performed at the publique 
 Charge ; And which they are hereby empowered to demand and Levy in this Towne of Kingston, 
 And that they doe give an Acco' to his Honor the Governour of tiie performance of this Order as 
 soon as it shall bee by them Obeyd. Given &c this 23"^ of Septbr. 1669. 
 
 An Ord'' to p^'ent Drunkenness among the Indyans. 
 
 "Whereas the Comm" &c &c liave been inform'd thatseverall persons Inliabitants of Kingston 
 have for their private Lucre & Gaine sold to the Indyans thereunto resorting great quantityes of 
 Strong Liquors wherewith they have been frequently drunk to the great dishonour of Christian 
 Religion and the breach of the Laws of the place, tliey have thought fitt in order to prevent all 
 Excess and Deboishery in that kinde, for the future strictly to enjoyne and they do hereby strictly 
 Enjoyne all persoii or persons not to utter or sell to any Indyan or Indyans such quantityes as shall 
 make them drunk upon the Penaltyes following : vizt for the first Offence the person soe selling is to 
 pay five pounds, for the second Offence Ten pounds and for the third Offence to suffer Banishm' 
 out of this Towne : Which summe or Sunniies the Scout is hereby empowered to Levy by way of 
 Seizure or Distress of any such Offender's Goods ; Two ]>arts of which said penaltyes or fforfeitures 
 are to goe to the Reliefe of the poore of this place, and the third part to the Scout. Given &c. 
 this 23'' of Septb-- 1669. 
 
 The like Order was drawn up for Ilarhj k, Marhleion, Mutatis mutandis. 
 
 September 21"'. 
 
 An Order for the laying out & keeping passable tlie High- 
 ways & Comon Roads in Kingston,, Ilurleij & MaMeton. 
 
 Whereas the Com™"'^ appointed &c &c are obliged by a particular Article in their instructions 
 to take care thaty*' Ilighwayes & Comon Roads belonging to those three Townes be conveniently 
 layd out and constantly kept passable, They have thought fitt to Order and doe hereby Order, 
 that the Highwayes & Common Roads belonging to Kingston be kept passable by y" Scout & 
 Commissaryes belonging to Kingston, who have hereby power to command every person (whom 
 they shall adjudge lyable) to attend their Orders in the mending of the Highwayes & Comon 
 Roads and to ffyne such as shall neglect or refuse to obey their Summons according to such Con- 
 tempt: And if the Scout & Commissaryes shall neglect theirDuty herein of supervising or ffineing 
 Offend''" where just cause is. That then Capt. Thomas Chambers, who is hereby made & consti- 
 tuted Surveyour Generall of the Highwayes & Comon Roads for the three abovemen9oned Townes 
 or Villages, shall have and hereby hath power to ffyne the Scout & Commissaryes or any such of 
 them as shall omitt his Duty therein. As before expressed 20 skepple of wheat to be paid to our 
 Soveraigne Lord the King, w* power of Surveyour Generall hee is to exercise within twenty one 
 dayes after the Date of this Order in Kingston ; And whereas Mr. Christopher Beresford is chosen 
 Chi efe Magistrate for the Townes of Jlurley & Marlleton, hee is hereby empowered to Command 
 the Overseers in each Towne to take the like care for the mending & repaireing of the Highwayes 
 in those two last menyoned Townes & to ffine all the Overseers of both places or any of them, as 
 shall neglect their duty in 20 skeppels of Wheat to be paid to his Ma"" and hath hereby power to 
 Levy the same ; And if the said Christopher Beresford shall refuse any part of his duty herein, 
 That then y* said Surveyour Generall of the Highwayes shall have power to ffine Irira 20 skepples 
 of Wheat to his Ma"'' and to Levy for the use aforesaid, which power in both the said Thomas 
 Chambers & Christopher Beresford shall begin within twenty one dayes after the date hereof in 
 
New York Jli-storical li( cords. 435 
 
 Hurley and 21 davus after the laying out of the Lotts in Murhldoii. Given >ka this 2;3'' Scpthr. 
 166'J. 
 
 An Or.r fur the settling of llurJc,/. 
 Whereas severall persons by virtue of former Groundl)riefs or Patents clainic Lotts or pro- 
 portions of Land in Hurley it have neglected their Settlements there, alledging frivolous reasons 
 for their soe doing, to the publique p^judice. It is thought fitt by y° Comm"'' authorized &c &c to 
 Declare & Order ; And they doe by this Declare & Order that any person haveing a Groundbrief 
 or Patent to any Lott or proportion of Ground doe settle their propoition by the first of April! 
 next ensueing the Date hereof ; And if any person so claimeing shall refuse to Settle his Lott or 
 proportion according to y' Tenor of this Order, That then such Lott or proportion shall imme- 
 diately become forfeit to his Ma''" and to be disposed of as his Hon'' the Governour shall think 
 fitt and withal! to pay Twenty ponnds as a ffyiie to his Ma'>', w''' the eliiefe Magistrate of this 
 Towne is empowered to Clayme ifc Levy to the use above said. 
 Given &c Septbr. 24'" 1(169. 
 
 There appeared some Indyans though none of y'' Sachems, that sett their hands to the sale 
 of y" Lands to Coll. Nlcolls ; two of tlie Sachems to tliat sale & one of y" Witnesses are dead. 
 It is left to Mr. Pawl'tmj to Summon theni and to endeavour y° performance of that article. 
 
 Septr. 25"' 
 
 Instructions were then drawn np for Mr. Bercsford chiefe Magistrate for Hurley it 2Iar- 
 Ueton. 
 
 Instructions were drawn up for Mr. d'awlhi;/, Officer over the Indyans. 
 
 The Ord' for the liedmdA. 
 
 Whereas y'' Com''^ appointed (fee &c have taken into Consideration the keeping of a Constant 
 Watch at the Redoubt at the Charge of the pari'ish of Kingston, obligeing them to finde two 
 Men to remaiue constantly there upon this Duty, They have thought fitt to Order and doe hereby 
 Order that y= Scout & Comissaryes of Kingston doe take constant care for the Eeliefe of that Watch ; 
 And wliereas the said Redouht is very ruinous, they are hereby enjoyned to repaire well and suf- 
 ficiently the said Redouht within six weeks after the Date hereof upon paine of forfeiture of 20 
 skepple of Wlieat to our Soveraigne Lord tlie King And soe constantly keep it in good repayre. 
 Given &c this 25'" of Septbr. 1669. 
 
 On this day (viz' 25'") the Towne formerly called So^/es was named Ki)ujnton. 
 
 Septem"^ 27'". 
 
 Two Orders were then drawn up for w-ttling the Excise in the two New Villages — vizt for 
 Hurley. 
 
 Wliereas it is thought fitt to settle the Tapper's' Excise in Hurley, it is hereby Ordered that 
 Mr. Beresford doe take care for tlie settling & gathermg of it in the said Towne of Hurley ; And 
 that he observe to sett the same Rates & use the same course in gathering it and have the same 
 power in every regard upon refusal! of payment to Seize or distroyne as it is us'd at Kingston ; 
 And is liereby oblig'' every yeare to give an Ace' thereof to his lion'' the Governour. 
 
 Directed to Mr. Beresford. 
 
 Tlie like for Marbleton. 
 
436 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 These 3 Lotts following are vacant by y" death of y° p'^sons to whom they were promised and 
 are to be dispos'd of as his Hon'' y° Governom" shall appoint vizt. 
 Constaplis Jan Joosts David Crawfords 
 1. 2. 3. 
 
 An Ord"' was drawn np for Albert HeyiTiensens erecting of a Bi-ew House & setting up of 
 Tan-ffats ; referred to Mr. Beresford to consider of the jjlace. 
 
 ^ J- 7-r 7 ( Leivis de Boys 
 
 Overseer?, ior J'lur let/ < ^ 
 
 { Albert Heiimens. 
 
 Overseers for IfarUeton J '^f'' ^^^^ 
 
 [ Fredrick Hussey. 
 
 Ankrup, an Indyan, jictigond again Capt. Chamhers p''tending hee was not paid for certain 
 Lotts of Lands. It was referred to y° next morning. 
 
 Septbr. 28'\ 
 AnJcrup the Indyan appearing, Capt. Chambers produced the Bill of Sale & y^ Indyan then 
 owned his marke & full satisfaction for the Land ; the Cora"^" then caused that Acknowledgment 
 to be Endors'd on the Bill of Sale ; And they took care that unjust Complaints from y" Indyans 
 in that nature should be punisht 
 
 Septem: 29'\ 
 An Ord'' for the Officer to measure Corne was then made as followeth, vizt : 
 Whereas it was thought necessary by y' Com''" &c that an Officer should be chosen to super- 
 vise & measure all sorts of Corne and Graine, that shall be transported from Marhleton, Hurley 
 and Kingston to other parts, To y° End that nothing but what is merchantable may be uttered or 
 sold, It is hereby ordered, that y" Scout & Comissaryes of Kingston shall elect & choose a 
 person, whom they shall judge most fltt for y° Execution of that place; And they are hereby 
 empowered to Charge every person soe uttering or selling any Corne or graine with the paym' of 
 one styver upon the skeppel then to y* said Officer, when any such Corne or Graine shall be 
 brought to be view'd or measur'd, by the Owner or buyer of y'' same to the said officer ; Who is 
 hereby Comanded to suffer iioe Transportapons to be made of any such Corne or Graine but what 
 is truely merchantable. And that the Scout and Comissaryes or any two of them be made Judges 
 of any default or Complaint or have power to punish where any Cause is in any thing menQon'din 
 this Order both to the Officer soe chosen or any person that transports such Corne or Graine. 
 Given at Kingstm,, September 29'" 1669. 
 This morning the Court was Dissolved. 
 
 The Answer of y"^ Comm''^''^ to nis Hon"^ Instructions annexed to the Comm" 
 AS followeth : 
 1. On Thursday y" 16'''' of this Instant the Com''' arrived a.t Kingston. In the Evening meetting 
 with Capt. Cliamhers & Mr. Beahnan joyn'd likewise in Commission with them, 'twas privately 
 read. The next morning being y" 17"" Instant a Court being called y'^ Commission was publiquely 
 read, all y" Comm''' being present (& were constantly soe duering the setting of the said Commis- 
 sionj and the Inhabitants were fully inform'd of the Cause of their Comeing ; and how great a 
 care his Hon'' y*" Governo'' had for their prosperity and welfare, not only in remedying some 
 
Nero Yovh Historical Records. 437 
 
 former irregular rroceedinj^s there and composing the private differences of unfriendly persons, 
 but by takeing y" best way for setling y" two New Townes and endeavounni,' to render them as 
 flourishing as the place could make them, which was soe pleasing to the Iiduihitants, ilmt thev ex- 
 pressed that acknowledgm', which was due to soe excellent a person. 
 
 The Sachems being then sent for, a few days after ai)peared Waposhequiqua and Scioahanoma, 
 two of those Sachems, that sould the Land to y" late Governor Nicolls, who owned their marks 
 with y" whole agreem'. An Indyan, who came with them, sett his hand to the paper <k they were 
 then obliged to bring two yonng Men to wittness what they own ; the other two Sachems men- 
 9oned in that Agreem' are dead, Lnit these Sachems that appeared obliged themselves to bring 
 y" success" of tlioso deceased to Mr. Pawlituj, to whom it is referred to give full answer to y" rest 
 of this Article. 
 
 2. This they were acquainted with & they are willing to tnrne the Sword into a Plowsheare, Only 
 in regard their Lotts are not measured out to them yett and the little Ground they manure at 
 present bringing in a poore Revennew, likely to discourage new Beginners, it is humljly desir'd 
 y' their Provisions may be continued six Months longer. 
 
 3. They have a List of the ffamilyes of the three Townes, w"' y' number of them that are able 
 to beare Armes. 
 
 ffor the maintaining the Wateli at the Redoubt it is imposd wholly upon Kiix<jston, the 
 other Towns being exposd to more danger from y" Indyans and in that regard may vciy well be 
 excusd from that Duty, the Scout & Comissaryes are to take that Charge upon them and an 
 Order is drawn up for it. 
 
 4. The former Listrnctions to y" Scout & Comissaryes are these, first to renew tlic rallizadoesct 
 place tlieni at y° extremity of the Towne, where y" addition is to be made l^ to o[)cn the Townc 
 in the middle. 
 
 To this y^ Scout & Comissaryes answer, that tlicy doe repaire the Stockadoes & that they 
 conceive the Towne needs noe Enlargem', it decreasing in people ; when it increaseth they will 
 be very ready, which will if now be a very great Charge to the few Lihabitauts. 
 
 Secondly y'^ place of Buriale was to be impaled, this hath been altogether omitted &■ the Towne 
 fyn'd for it 50 skepples of Wheat. 
 
 ffor the impaleing a place for a Towne House there, they conceive it is a mistake, they have 
 a Towne House already, standing conveniently w"'in y" Towne. 
 
 Thirdly to Drayne the Morasse. 
 
 This hath been omitted, but an Order is drawn np under a ]ienalty to have it suddenly done. 
 
 Lastly for the ffence, when any come to live on the other side, they are ready to obey that 
 
 Command. 
 
 5 ( 
 
 P I They have viewd both Lands, but noe Patents wore produced, though enquird after. 
 
 7. A Patent was granted to Capt. Chambers i>y Coll. Nicoll.s of the Land here men(;ond & was 
 never surveyd; soe wee cannot give any Ace' of it ; his either Patents wee have seen and judge 
 them to be indifferently measurd. 
 
 8. Capt. Chambers doth absolutely refuse to nuMldle with it, 'twas offerd to othei-s, but none 
 accepted it. 
 
 9. An Order was publishd to redress it. 
 
 10. The Excise was offered to ffarme, but noe person comeing neer the valine, it is continued as 
 before ; ffor the last yeares Income, they have y° Scout's Acco'. 
 
 11. An Order is publishd concerning it. 
 
438 (Jolonial Settlements on the Hudson liivei: 
 
 12. Mrs. Broadhead hath 100 Acres allotted her. 
 
 13. They have chosen Mr. Christopher Beresford Cheife Magistrate over Hurley & Marhleton, 
 who is to Govei-n by En(jlish Lawes, there is likewise chosen two Overseers in each Towue under him. 
 
 The Instructions they left for Mr. Beresford till yo'' Hon''" further directions are as f olloweth : 
 Whereas you are chosen by y° rest of the Commiss'^ Chiefe Mag' rate over Hurley & llarble- 
 ton, You are to observe these Instructions following : If any Order or Command shall be directed 
 to you from his Honor y'^ Governonr concerning those places committed to your Charge, You are 
 speedily to Obey them, which yon may y'' better doe by the help of y^ Overseers in each Towne, 
 whom you have power to Command in anything that concernes the Execution of yo' Office. If 
 any difference ariseth between y° Inhabitants, you are to give them a speedy decision, not regard- 
 ing partyes, but y* merritt of y" Cause, And you are likewise to take the same Care, that the Over- 
 seers doe their Duty in whatsoever they are comanded in relation to tlieir places. You are to Govern 
 by English Lawes, which will speedily be sent you ; & as you are obligd to preserve the peace as 
 much as you can between particular persons, soe you must endeavour, that those Townes com- 
 mitted to your Charge may well agree themselves and both with Kingston ; And that you take 
 away all Obstructions from that Trade or Correspondency, You have with y" Indyans & give his 
 Hon'' the Governonr an Accompt of whatsoever you judge considerable by the tirst Opportunity. 
 
 14. An Order is publishd & y'= Officers namd. 
 
 15. Three Places of Rendevous are appointed, y'^ first in y'^ middle of Ma7-hleton, y° second at 
 Halfway Ground, the third at Hurley. 
 
 16. An Order is publishd for it. 
 
 17. The same. 
 
 18. 19, 20, 21. Mr. Henry Pawling is made the Officer over y* Indyans and those foure particu- 
 lars fall under his care. 
 
 His Instructions are as followeth : 
 
 Whereas you are chosen an Officer over the Indyans, you are strictly to observe the above 
 written particulars and not to make your own Interpreta9ons, but to follow precisely the Letter of 
 those Articles ; And you are not hereby anyways empowered to prevent or hinder y" Trade of any 
 person with the Indyans or give any Cause of just Complaints, but to carry your selfe answerable 
 to the Trust reposed in you ; And in case of any disturbance or riott among the Indyans, that may 
 Endanger the publi(pie cpiiet. You are to rcpaire to the next Magistrate in that Towne & consult 
 with him or the rest of the Magistrates what is best to be done for yo'' assistance <k, y* keeping of 
 y" publique peace ; And you are likewise to performe tlie remaining parte of tlie first Article in 
 the Generall Instructions and send an Acco' thereof to his Hon'' y" Goveniour, as likewise of any- 
 thing of Moment concerning the Indyans by the first Opportunity. 
 
 22. The Souldiers are acquainted & well pleased with it. 
 
 23. This is to be Regulated as in Long-Island And it is desird a Copy of the Lawes may be sent 
 them. 
 
 24. This is willingly obeyd & they humbly desire, that in this and all other yo'' Commands yo"" 
 Hon' would be pleased to accept of their endeavo'. 
 
 Ralph WnrrFiELn pr' 
 John Manning 
 
 ThOM. CnAilBERS 
 
 Wm. Beekman 
 Cheistoph. Beeesfokd 
 Henry Pawling. 
 
New Yoj-h Historical liecords. 439 
 
 Letter from Gov" Lovki.ace to the Mai;isthates at Albany on Indian akfairs. 
 Gentlemen. 
 
 I have ReC' yo" of y" 5'" Instant w'" sonic furtlicr pro])ositions from y" Jla/junca Indians 
 whereto I can at present say little or nothing untill Governour Winthrop retorne, W^^'' is daily 
 expected, but I am glad they continne in so Cahne & peaceable myndesnotwithstanding their last 
 victory. I have also an Account from yo" of yo"" Election of yo'' Coramissaryes and doe approve of 
 Capt. Fhilipp Pieters Schuyler for Albany in y^ place of Mr. Jacoh de Ilmse & of Pieter 
 Meenssen in y® stead of Jan Thomas for Renzlaersioyck W-'" is all at p^sunt from 
 
 ffort James in New Yorl-e this 1.']"' day of Octolicr 1(509. 
 
 Yo"' very Loving fn 
 
 LErnnt fkomthk same to -itik same. 
 Gentlemen. 
 
 The Governo'' hath rec"" y" Propositions yo" sent from y" Jldh/noid, rs Indians, Copy wliercof he 
 doth intend to traosmitt to Governour ir/w^/i/'yy;, from whomc he d.iyly E.xpeets a retorne of all 
 y" former papers of w'^'' yo" will have an Ace'. Tlie Govern'' hath given me ord' to acquaint yo", 
 that he would have yo" as formerly to provide a Scow to helpe y° Souldiers in their provision of 
 firewood against winter, w'^" is all at p'sent from 
 
 Yo"' very Loving freind 
 OctV 27^" 1(169. Math. Nicolls. 
 
 To y" Sellout & Commiss:u-yes at Albany. 
 
 Letter from Gov" Lovelace to Gov" Win-itiroi- of MASsAcnusErrs on Indian affairs. 
 
 Deare S^ 
 
 I am heartily sorry so sad an Occasion as y" Indisposigon of yo'' wife obstructed yo'' retorne 
 to yo' house, but am as well pleased at her recovery & thereby y° advantage I sliall reape by a 
 more frequent Correspondency, if all my Letters arriv'd yo' hands yo" will fynde them of one 
 Tenure (vizt) y° Earnest desire of y° Maquases to conclude a firm peace with y® Mohicands : 
 What overture (of this nature they have made before) I cannot be inforra'd in & I am not apt to 
 believe what they now represent to be (as farre as Infidells are to be Creditted) very Cordiall. 
 Yo" see their propositions & haveing had y" E.xperience of their Actings formerly you can best 
 give a Judgment of y'' Event, to be bi-eife (if it can be accomplish t) I doubt not but it very much 
 tend to y° good of all Xpians in their trancpiillity & to y" Advancem' of Trade (y'' first step to 
 plenty). IIow fai-re yo" believe me to be Capable to promote tliat designe I shall receive Instruc- 
 tions from yo", but I am apt to believe y" Progress will be very slow, if it be managed by Letters, 
 there will be therefore a necessity of an Intercourse w'^'' I shall attend, wlien I know from yo" y' 
 tyrae and place. For these E.xceptions yo" inferre of y' tyme & place & Jelousy y° Mahicandera 
 Conceive of y° Maquesyes by reason of some former misactings y" others use y* same Arguments 
 against them & if true {rehus sic stantibus) there is little hope of a period, hut if all former mis- 
 
440 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 carriages are oblitterated & we enter on a Treaty de novo it is possible a good issue may be Expected. 
 However all faire endeavours are to be practiced that may accomplish so universall a benefitt to 
 thi3 Corner of y' World. 1 believe I can resolve your doubt concerning what is meant by y^ 
 Highland Indians amongst us, y" Wappingoes & WickersJieck &c have alwayes beene reckoned 
 so. And for these I dare respond to have them included in y'' Gen" Peace ; thus yo" see how 
 that affaires now stand & through y'^ Churlishnesse of y'' weather will not suffer us to Acte any 
 further (y* well wishes towards it). Yett as soone as y° wayes be passable I shall i)e glad to give 
 yo" a meeting that so we may consid"' y° best way & method to bring y'^ worke to a desird conclu- 
 sion. I have no more but wishing you all happinesse & a beleef that I ain 
 
 Yo^ most affectionate humble servant 
 Fort James, December 29"^ 1669. Fran. Lovelace. 
 
 Letter from Gov" Lovelace to the Commissaries at Albany, on the Litoian peace. 
 
 Fort James in New Yorhe this 24'^'' day of January 1669-70. 
 Gentlemen. 
 
 I Received yo^ Letf of y" 8"^ of January by y" Indian, by w"^" I understood of j'o'' health & 
 welfare, w'^'^ to me was a most welcome New Yeares guift & as it hath beene my sole Considerapon 
 yo' peace & happiness so y^ Continuance of it shall be my cheifest study. I am glad all.y^ 
 Indians are so well disposed as to Imploy themselves to y° Beaver hunting, I doubt not but yo" 
 will receive y^ good effects of it by yo'' next yeares handling, by w""' tyine I am in great hopes to 
 constitute a firme peace w"" y« Indians now in Hostility w^** each oth" & am sorry I have 
 hitherto brought it to no greater perfection, but must w"" all assure yo" y'^ fault lay not in y^ least 
 on my parte, in regard Mr. Wint/irop, who governes those Indians (by an Accident of y" indispo- 
 sition of liis wife) has beene absent from his Governem' all this sumer & retorn'd not till y° 
 Churlishnesse of y' wint' forbad all manner of Intercourse. In y^ springe I am resolved to 
 proceed in y® worke of making a Gen" peace, to w* end I have already made some p'paration 
 thereunto, w"*" I beseech God to blesse, It tending so much to the universall benefitt of theise 
 partes & perticuler yours. 
 
 * * * * 
 
 Your assured freind 
 
 Fran. Lovelace. 
 
 Letters Graunted to Tierck Claesen de Wit, that he mat have liberty to 
 Erect a house & barne &o on his owne Land at Esopus. 
 
 Upon y^ Request of Tierck Claesen de Witt, that he may have liberty to Erect a house & 
 Barne w"' convenient outhouses for his Cattle upon his owne Land at Fsopus lying betwixt 
 Hurley and Kingston, for y° w"^" (as I am informed) he formerly had a Graunt from my 
 Predecesso'' Coll. Nicolls, In Confidence whereof he hath Provided all materialls ready for y" same, 
 I have thought fitt to likewise to graunt his request. And y° said Tierck Claessen hath hereby 
 liberty to Erect a house & barne w'" Convenient outhousing for his Cattle in y" Land aforemen- 
 tioned, It appearing not to be any way p'judiciall to the Townes adjacent, but ratli'' in tyrae may 
 prove a benefitt & releifc to such as shall travaile that way. Given &c 24"" January 1669-70. 
 
New York Historical Recor(h. 
 
 441 
 
 An Okd" excusing William Betts & oth'''' from making a beidg over y-^ Marsh 
 
 BETWKENE PaPIRINIMON & FFORDIIAM. 
 
 Whereas it was proposed unto ine by VrUliam Betts, Geonje Tippett & John II,-(h/er, tluit 
 living cat some distance from y'^ Towne-of Fordham, where a Cawsey is to be made over y"^ Marshy 
 ground betweeue Papirinimon & y" Towne of ffordham, if tliey may be Excused from tlieir 
 Proportion of worke in making up that Cawsey they will be obliedged to make a bridg at their 
 own Charge over Bronkx Ryver in y" way to Eaf<tche8t% w'='> is also a thing very requisite & 
 comodions, Upon debate of y"-' said Proposi(;on in y" p'-sencc of y" said Three p-'sons & also of divei-s 
 of y'' Inhabitants of Fordham, those of y" Towne offering to give their Assistance in making of 
 y" said bridg aff y'= Cawsey shall first be finisht, for y" w'^" all their Assistance will be little Enough 
 & finding that what is proposed by y° Towne tends to y" greater Expedition of both workes, It is 
 ordered, that y° three p-'sons aforenamed shall first joyne w"' y= rest of y" Towne of Fordham in 
 making y° Cawsey agreed upon as aforesaid & that afterwards they do all Jointly give their best 
 help &, assistance in making a Convenient bridg over BronlxX Ryver, w"" a Gate on Fadchesf 
 syde to hind"" their Hoggs from comeing over. In consideration whereof & for their Incouragera' 
 it being a new Plantation, they shall have y^ liberty & priviledg of having y^ Passage of y'' Ferry 
 free to & fro for themselves. Horses, Hoggs & Cattle for & dueriug y<= space of tyme Johannes 
 Vervehn, y° p'sent Constable or his Assigns shall in joy y'' Ferry, as by agreem' betweene Uo is 
 sett downe. Given und' my hand at Fort James in New Yorke this 10"' day of February 1669-70. 
 
 Letter from Governor Lovelace to 'i (on Staten Island) on buving land from the Indians. 
 
 Gent. 
 
 Having Rec*^ a Complaint against yo"" neighbour Indians from Mr. Stillwell & Nathan Whit- 
 more on y' behalfe of y° Inhabitants in Gen" of yo'' Towne & likewise heard & debated what they 
 had to say as to your Jealousyes & feares of y* Indians Insolencyes & threatuings grounded upon 
 their p''tences, that y° Land there hath not beeue paid for ife that your Horses, Hoggs & Cattle 
 have done them damage in their Corne, I have thought good to retoriie yo" this in answer. That 
 in y* first place yo" send to them & treate w"" those concerned in a freiudly way touching y° pur- 
 chase of soe much of that Island, as hath not beene already bought & paid for, y" w"^" can be 
 proued to have beene perfourmed in parte notw"'stauding their denyall & that yo" do it as for j-o'' 
 selves & at as easy a rate as possible, y^ w'^" will turne to yo" owne perticuler advantage & having 
 so done, that yo" cause y" same to be remitted to me for a Confirmation & whetli'' yo" shall be 
 admitted purchasers or that I shall comply w'" yo'' Agreem' is. buy it for his Royall Highness, It 
 shall be still for yo'' good & benefitt. I shall onely expect y" p''ference in y" purchase on y® 
 Duke's behalfe. As to their threatuings yo" ought not to show y° least Apprehension of feare of 
 them, But it is yo"^ parte to have a Vigilant Eye over their Actions, & Motions, & that you cause 
 a Guard to be kept in y'^ Towne for yo"' defence against any suddaine mischeife from them, y" w"* 
 as there shall be occasion & I have notice thereof shall bo strengthened w"" a supply of a partye 
 of Souldiers & an Officer from hence capable to ofEend them as well as defend yo". That upon 
 discourse of y" damage they i^'tend to have rec'' by yo' cattle, horses & hoggs yo" may shew to 
 them y^ greate difficulty of preventing it as long as their Corne lyes unfeuc't «fe y" greate charge 
 
442 Colonial Settlements on the Hmhoa River. 
 
 it will be to fence in tlieir ground, as it lyes in y« midst of f woods, but if they could pitch upon 
 some Neck of land fitt for that purpose w'^" may w'" more ease be fenc't in, that yo'' will be ready 
 to assist them in setting of it up, unless they'l agree upon Terines to leave y* Island wholly. — If 
 yo" can pi'ove, that they have killed or destroyed any of yo' horses. Cattle or Hoggs yo" may 
 acquaint them, that the English Law will Constrayne then> to make Satisfaction for them & that 
 it is not Trespasse for them to come upon any ground unfenc't, but lett yo'' discourse tend to a 
 freindly composure of all differences. 
 
 In Conclusion yo" may acquaint them, that my resolution is to be upon y° Island in y* spring, 
 when if they have anything extraordinary to propose or Complaint to make, 1 sliall be ready to 
 ord^ all due satisfaction to be given therein & will endeavo'' to remove all future Occasions of 
 difEerence betweene yo" & them. This is all at p''sent I have to Recomend to yo", so conclude 
 being 
 
 Yo'' very Loving freind 
 Febr>' 16, 1669-70. Fean. Lovelace. 
 
 In Regard that Mr. Richard Stilwell hath for a long tyme Inhabited in this Countrey & is 
 acquainted w"" y" language & customes of y° Indians I doe appoint him, y* said Richard Stihoell, 
 Nathan Whitmore & Nathaniell Brittaine togethe'' w**" y® Constable & Overseers to be Com'"'' of 
 whome Mr. Stiltwdl to be p'^sident to treate & agree w"' y'= Indians according to y° Instructions 
 herein given & to looke after y^ safety & welfare of y* place, of y' w'='' they are to render me an 
 Ace'. 
 
 Letter feoii Gov'' Lovelace to Me. "W". Beeckman and othebs at Kingston con- 
 
 CEENING the NEW VILLAGE. 
 
 Gent. 
 
 I make use of y" first opportunity aft' y* opening of y*' Ry ver to recomend to yo' care y^ 
 Ord"'^ & Instructions already given yo" by myselfe or left w"' yo" by y® Com'* I sent as to y^ goeing 
 forward w"' y^ New Dorpe or oth'' matt"^ relating to yo" in Gen". Intending to visitt yo" in a 
 short tyme & to bring a Survey' w'" me to lay out yo' Lands before y" grasse growes too high, 
 when I hope to fynde yo' forwardness according to Expectation : what is to be done on my parte 
 for yo' Encouragem' yo" may confidently promise yo'selves. So wishing yo" good success I 
 remaine 
 
 Fort James in New Yarhe Yo' very Loving freind 
 
 this 11'" day of March 1669-70. Fean. Lovelace. 
 
 I Expect to heare from yo" by y° next, how affaires stand w'" yo" in Rela^on to y° Indians 
 about y^ Peace. 
 To Mr. Wm. Beeckman 
 Mr. Xpqfer Berisford & 
 Mr. Henry Pawling In Kingston 
 At Esojms. 
 
New York Historical Records. 443 
 
 A Commission to Capt. Dudley Lovelace & al. for y"^ stRVKYiNO & laying out 
 
 BEVEEALL LOTIS OF LAND AT Y*^ EsOPUS, WITH InSTEUCTIONS AND I'KOCEEDLNGS. 
 
 Francis Lovelace Esq''* &c "Whereas y'^ bounds A: Liiiiitts of y'' Towiies at Ecojjuk, That is to 
 say of Kingston Hurley & Marhle Towne have not hitherto beeLc suffieieutly layd out & ascer- 
 tained neith' hath a di%-ision as yett beeue made of y*^ perticuler new Lotts ife some of y'^ p''tend- 
 ers to y* old Lotts laying clayine to greater quantityes of Laud then is graunted to them in their 
 Patents or Groundbriefs y" w'='' requires an ins])ection thereinto & a due Eegulation thereof, To 
 y" end theise severall matt" may be y° better concluded I have thought fitt to nominate, consti- 
 tute & appoint & by this my speciall Commission doe nominate, constitute and appoint you Capt" 
 DudJcij Ltivdaee, Capt" Jacques (Jortileau, Mr. William Beeclcuian, Mr. Christopher Beresford, 
 & Mr. lAnri/ Pawling to be Com" to inspect y* surveying and laying out y" several Lotts in y'^ 
 Esopus & to ascertaine y° bounds & lymitts of y" respective Townes, as also to regulate afiayres 
 there according to such instructions, as I shall herewith give yo", of w'^'' said Com" you Capt" 
 Dudley Lovelace are to be president & any of yo" to be a Quorum. 
 
 To" are upon yo' arrivall to acquaint y'' Inhabitants of each Towne w"' this my Corn"" y" w"'*' 
 yo" are to prosecute w"" all care and dilligence And as yo" shall see cause, where yo" fynde any 
 difficulty in ascertaining y'^ old or laying out y" new l)ounds, yo" may call before yo" any p'son or 
 p'sons to receive information from touching y" same & for y* clearing of y° truth administer an 
 Oath unto them or any of them (y* w''' Oath yo" are hereby empowered to give) And whatso- 
 ever yo" or any of yo" as shall make a Quorum, shall Lawfully Acte or doe in prosecution of this 
 my special Comission this shall be to yo" & every of yo" a sufficient warrant. Given und'' my 
 hand & sealed w"" y" scale of y" Pi'ovince ^t ffort James in New Yorke this IT"' day of March 
 in y'= 22"" yeare of his Ma"" Eaigne Annoque Domini 1609-70. 
 
 Insteuctions for Captain Dudley Lovelace, Mr. Jacques Coetilleau & the 
 
 EEST OF Y'^ CoMM'""' for THE AfFAIKES AT EsOPUS AND THE NeW YiLLAGES 
 
 adjacent. 
 
 Inprimis that the Precincts of every Towne be justly stated, according to their severall 
 Patents and that the particular Lotts be laid out as the Ground falls out, onely in case a larger 
 proportion of vile Land or Swamps shall happen to One Man's share, that then it be in the Breast 
 of the Com''^ to make some Addition of good Land over & above his allowance specifyed in his 
 Ground Brief, otherwise each man must be contented with his Lott as it falls out. 
 
 2. That after y" exact Bounds of inngston is laid out, that there is to begin y" Boundaryes of 
 Hurley and where that terminates MarUeton is to begin & soe y* Lymitts of that so be sett out 
 as farr as that extends towards the Indyans, w"^"" beare as I suppose South. 
 
 3. That noe persons have noe more Land laid out, but what is comprised in their Patents and the 
 Soiildiers their proportion. 
 
 4. For y= Washmalcers Land I shall referr vou to the particular Instructions of his Eoyall High- 
 ness wherein you are to use Mr. Styoesani with all y"" ffavour, soe it prejudices not y" Towne. 
 
 5. That Mrs. Broadhead be accomodated at Marhleton and have the first choice of her Lott. 
 
 6. That y" Land that belongs to Mr. Varlett be Surveyed & noe more allowed, but what is com- 
 prised in his Patent. 
 
444 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 7. The like for Thoman Hall, who under the p^tence of 150 Morgan layes Claime to above 300, 
 but if the Occasion of tliat Patent were throughly Inspected, it would appeare he had tittle or 
 noe p''tentions to it at all. 
 
 8. There is a Tract of Land by y" Gale Berge, which I purpose to improve for a fEeeding ground, 
 wliich I would have you to survey & give mee an Acco' of it, it is called the Butterfield. — Mr. 
 Pawling will direct you. 
 
 9. That such strict Rules be left to y"" Planters to finish their severall Lotts, that whosoever corn- 
 pleats not the fEence of his Lott & improves the Land, shall make a forfeiture of it, if it be not 
 Inclosed within one year. 
 
 10. That you review all y° Instructions sent to the Commissioners for the regulating the Affaires 
 the last yeare & to give mee an Acco' where the non-performance lyes. 
 
 11. That all be compelld to settle in Townes, except one I have given Lycence to, who in regard 
 hee lives between Hurley & Marbleton may be of convenience to Travellers and make a nearer 
 Correspondence between the two Townes. 
 
 12. That in regard many occurrences may arise, w"*" will bee impossible for mee to foresee here, 
 therefore you are at Liberty to take anything into debate, that may conduce to advantage of y'= 
 Publique, though not expressd in these particular Instructions according to your prudence & Con- 
 science, Nevertheless soe that it be not obligatory, till it receive my approbation & Confirmation. 
 
 13. Lastly that having done yo"' utmost Endeavours for y"* regulateing and settling the Affairs at 
 \kiQ Esopus, according to these and other Instructions deliverd you & noe new matter arising 
 worthy your Attendances, that then you break off and each Commissioner repaire to their severall 
 other Employments, rendering mee a just Ace' of all Transactions in the Prosecution of this my 
 Commission directed to you. Given under my hand this 24"" day of March 1669-70. 
 
 Francis Lovelace. 
 
 Towne Hall at At a Special! Court held there by vertue of a 
 
 Kingston in Commission from his Hon' y" Goveruour for 
 
 Esopus. setting out the Boundaryes of Kingston, Hur- 
 
 ley & Marhleton & for Regulateing the Af- 
 faires of those places & y*^ parts adjacent, Die 
 Mercurij vizt 30"" die Martij Anno Regni 
 Caroli 2"" Dei gra Angliae, Scotiae, Franciae 
 et Hibniae Regis, Fidei Defensoris &c 
 XXij"" Annoquo Dni 1670. 
 There being present 
 
 Capt. Dudley Lovelfice Presid' 
 Capt. Thomas Ghamhers 
 Capt. Jaques Cortelliau 
 Mr. William Beeckman 
 Mr. Christopher Beresford 
 Mr. Henry Pawling. 
 It is this day Ordered, that y« Lands of Thomas Hall & Nicholas Varhtt cant, about 44 Acres 
 150 Rodd lyeing upon tlie first great piece of Land next Hurley is Elapsd & forfeited, by reason 
 y'= Patent for it was not renewd, according to the Law in that behalfe provided. And that Mr. 
 
Neio Yorh Histoncal Records. 445 
 
 Jaques Cortilleau doe Survey the same and as bee fiiides the Extent of it to make report thereof 
 to the Governour. 
 
 It is this day Ordered, that Mathias Blanchan shall have in liew of foure Acres of Meadow 
 which hee setts over to the use of Marhleton, foure Acres of Woodland elsewhere. 
 
 The like is ordered for all the rest who have subscribed to t!ie Transport hereunto annexed ; 
 And that they choose out the said Woodland, which is to bee in Liew of their other soe disposed, 
 where tiiey shall judge litt. And they are to repaire to the Chief Oliicer of their Towne for a Con- 
 firn'iation thereof. 
 
 Coppy of y* Transport of y" Inhabitants of Hurley, Wee the Inhabit'' of y" Towne of Hurley 
 in the Esopus, whose Names are underwritten, doe remitt & sett over unto his Hon'' Coll, Francis 
 Lovelace, the Governour, the severall parts and parcells of Land contained in a schedule annexed 
 to dispose of it for the better provision of Marhleton. And the Commissioners for y° setting out 
 y" Boundaryes and Lymitts of y" Townes aforesaid are desired to take care, that the severall 
 parcells of Land soe given by us, may be disposed of to the Pretenders & Inhabitants of Marhle- 
 ton, there being not Land enough thereunto belonging to satisfy them according to the Grants 
 given them by the Authority of the Governour. 
 
 Signed 
 
 Thomas Delavall Acres 
 
 Lambert Heybektsen 12 " 
 
 roeloff swartwout 4 " 
 
 Lewis de Boys 4 " 
 
 John Joesten 8 " 
 
 Cornelis Winecoop 10 " 
 
 Matthias Blanohan 4 " 
 
 Garrett Fokak 6 " 
 
 Albert Heymens 8 " 
 
 Copia vera 
 Jo. Clarke, Cler : Cur : 
 
 Upon the humble request of Mr. Cornelms Wmecooj) the Commissioners doe unanimously 
 agree, that the said Cornelius Wmecooj) shall have Liberty to lay his two parcells of Land 
 scituate in Hurley into one ffanne, upon consideration that hee allowes & setts over ffive Morgan 
 of Land to the assistance of Marhleton ; he likewise rendering up againe one of the Home- Letts 
 at Hurley to be disposed of as the Comm" shall think fitt. 
 
 The Comui" have granted the said Horae-Lott to one Francois La Ceire of Hurley to build 
 there in the place & stead of Cornelius Winecoop. 
 
 Ordered that Capt. Jwjiies Curteleau be desired to begin to Morrow being the last of this 
 instant March to survey the Land belonging to the Towne of Hurley at the North West Line, 
 wliich Terminates the extent of Kingston; and so onwards towards J/a/'We^wi soe farr as the 
 Patents will reach and to make report to the Comm" what quantity is therein contained at their 
 ne?ct meetting. 
 
 Capt. Jaques Curtehau was this day sworn Surveyour in open Court. 
 
446 
 
 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Rodd. 
 
 4 
 
 560 
 
 180 
 
 
 85 
 
 122 
 
 8 
 
 
 56 
 
 
 Registek 
 
 Of all the Lands granted by y'' Authority of his R. H. 
 Precincts of Kingston. 
 
 Roeloff Swartwout 
 Evert Pels 
 Widdow Jacob Flap 
 Walh-ave de Mount 
 Edwai'd Whittacre 
 \ Edward Whittacre \ 
 I Thomas Mathew \ 
 IlendricJc Joakims 
 Jacob Hopp 
 
 Heere Petrus Stuyvesant 
 Mr. Jeronimus Ehbings 
 Capt. Thomas Chambers 
 More iu y® same Patent 
 Capt. Thomas Chambers 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 lyeing within the 
 
 24 
 
 72 
 
 
 92 
 
 
 1000 
 
 
 10 
 
 390 
 
 34 
 
 82 
 
 6 
 
 ISO 
 
 9 
 
 
 10 
 
 230 
 
 74 
 
 451 
 
 52 
 
 30 
 
 24 
 
 80 
 
 y 24 
 
 460 
 
 More purchased 
 
 Jan Ba/rents Kunst now of Hurley 24 
 
 Register 
 Of the Patents granted to the Inhabitants of the Towne of Hurley. 
 
 Cornelius Winecoop 
 
 do more 
 
 Thomas Hall 
 Ariam, Hybertsen 
 
 do more 
 
 Capt. Dela/oall by Transport from Oosen Garetson 
 
 do more from the same man 
 
 Philipp Pieters Schuyleen 
 More the same man 
 Albert Heymensen 
 Lewis de Boys 
 
 do more 
 
 Mathias Blamcham 
 More 
 
 Antho. Ci'ippell 
 Volcaert Ja/rvsen 
 More 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Rod. 
 
 24 
 
 450 
 
 48 
 
 580 
 
 10 
 
 500 
 
 25 
 
 450 
 
 17 
 
 400 
 
 18 
 
 250 
 
 48 
 
 460 
 
 16 
 
 250 
 
 50 
 
 440 
 
 10 
 
 500 
 
 24 
 
 450 
 
 16 
 
 408 
 
 16 
 
 248 
 
 24 
 
 450 
 
 16 
 
 350 
 
 18 
 
 250 
 
 40 
 
 460 
 
Neto York Historical liecords. 
 
 447 
 
 Yltimo Martij. 
 The Presid' employ'd tlio Survev"' & all other persons conrcnied to measure the 
 
 first Great piece of Land uext Hurley contaiuing Ij Estimation 300 000 
 
 Primo Aprilis. 
 
 They also siirvey'd y^ 2'^ piece cont 42o 000 
 
 The Survey'' also makes Eeport that the AVashmakers Land containes 148 000 
 
 Easter Eve. 
 
 Wliereas John Joesten of Marhleton, Husbandman, hath putt in his Clayme or Pretence to 
 two parcells of Laud containing fourty foure Acres & 150 Eod by vertue of a Bill of Sale formerly 
 granted to him from Thomas Hall & Nicholas Varlett deceased, whose Patent could not bee 
 produced, by reason 'twas then (as hee alleged) in y" Office of Records in Neio Twke ; The 
 Com""' have therefore upon serious & mature deliberation thought fitt to lay out the quantity 
 of Land aforesaid upon the second great piece adjoyning to y^ Bounds of Hurley : And that Mr. 
 Jaques Cortilleau doe make Report thereof to his Hon'' the Governour, that upon sight of his 
 Patent, hee may Enjoy & possess the said parcells of Land accordingly. 
 
 Ordered that y° Bounds between Kingston & Hurley Eastward doe beginne at y'= ffoot of the 
 Hills upon y^ Easterly side of Premackers Land & then running from the Hills along the great 
 Creeke to the East end of the Washmakers Land directly to y'= Woods & then with a North West 
 Line thorow the Woods to a certaine Creeke commonly calld & known by y^n ame of the Redoubt 
 Creek or Kill. 
 
 Ordered, that y° Bounds between Hurley & Marhleton do begin- at the ffoot of the Hills all 
 along the great Creeke between the first and second piece of Land, Hurley Including the first, 
 Marhleton the second. And then with a North West Line from the nearest part of that Creek to 
 y' place of Rendevouz, cleare thorow the Woods to the Redoubt Creek or Kill as in the other 
 Boundary. 
 
 In pursuance of aii Order madey^ 30"" of March last past, Capt. Jaques Coriilleatt doth re- 
 port to the Comm" that hee hath surveyd not only all y* Lands given by Patent, but also those 
 promised to y" Souldiery And findeing y= quantity thereof ffall short of Expectation. To the end 
 therefore that y' Towncs of Hurley & Marhleton may be supplyed with good & valluable Lands 
 to give each Man content as near as may be, The Com" have thought fit to sett over and by this 
 Speciall Order have sett over soe much of the WashnaTiers Land to the Inhabitants of Htirley, as 
 by the Survey doth appeare to fall short in that Precinct. 
 
 Vpou a motion made by Capt. Thomas Chamhei-s & seconded by Mr. Henry Pawling ^ It is 
 this day orderd that the Washmakers Land bee divided into two equall parts, The one moiety to 
 be recommended to his Hon' to be granted to Mr. Petrus Stuyvesa7it in pursuance of his R. H'. 
 his Directions and fourty Acres of the other moiety to Capt. Thomas Delavall towards the satis- 
 faction of his Patent, hee being excluded the second piece. The Overplus containing 34 Acres is 
 hereby more especially recommended to be disposed of to his brother Capt. Dudley Lovelace in 
 compensation of the gi'eat care & paines hee hath taken in laying out the Lands and settling the 
 Affaires of this parts to the Generall Content & satisfaction of all partyes concerned herein. 
 
 This Day y° Presid' gave Ord"' to y' Min'. or ffore-Leser to pray pnbliquely the day following 
 (being Easter day) and soe from time to time hereafter for the K^. Qeen, his R. H. the Duke 
 of Yorke & all j" Roy" ffamily, vc""^ was obeyd accordingly. 
 
 Munday, April 4"'. 
 The Com" fell into debate about settling y° Militia but findeing noc Commission Officers 
 
448 
 
 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson Rwe7\ 
 
 already establisht Thought good in Obedience to his E. W. Lawes & the Govern" Instructions to 
 nominate Mr. Henry Pawling Capt., Mr. Christopher Beresford Lieutenant, John Biggs Ensign 
 to be officers for the time being and to raise and exercise the Inhabitants of Hurley & Marhleton 
 according to tlie Discipline of Warr ; Whereupon Proclamation was made by Beat of Drum accord- 
 ing to the Warrant underwritten. 
 
 You are upon sight hereof to give notice to all the Inhabitants of Hurley & Marhleton and 
 also all the Pretenders to tlie Land now to be allotted and laid out for them, that they appears in 
 Armes at the Rendezvous appointed the last yeare and that you cause Samuell Olliver, Sergeant 
 or Albert Hymensen or either of them to read the summons herewith sent you publiquely by beat 
 of Drum in the Towne of Kingston and afterwards affix the same upon the Doore of the Towns 
 Hall. And for soe doing this shall be your sufficient Warrant. Given under my hand at Fox 
 Hall* this fourth of April 1670. 
 
 To Ensigne Biggs. DtJDLET Lovelace, Pres'. 
 
 Proclamation was made by Beat of Drum accordingly & the Souldiers Lysted. 
 
 The Names of y'= Officers &, Souldiers appointed to be present at the Rendezvous at Marhle- 
 ton Tomorrow y® 5"" of April 1670, as foUoweth vizt. 
 Officers 
 
 Hen. Pawling Captain 
 
 
 Christ. Beresford Lieuten'. 
 
 
 John Biggs Ensigne 
 
 
 Sam'' Olliver Sergeant 
 
 
 Albert Heymensen Serg'. 
 
 
 Ric¥. Cage Drummer 
 
 
 
 Marhleton Souldiers. 
 
 Thorn. Quynell 
 
 Edw. French 
 
 WilP". Fisher 
 
 WilV". Horton 
 
 ■ John Hendrick 
 
 Rdbt. Bicherstaffe 
 
 Geo. Porter 
 
 Roht. Peacock 
 
 Fred. Hussey 
 
 John Reynolds 
 
 John Pound 
 
 John Joesten 
 
 Edw. Whittacre 
 
 Joesten 
 
 Thorn. Mathews 
 
 Jacob de Wael 
 
 Geo. Hall 
 
 Henry Crump 
 
 Antho. Cooke 
 
 Fred. Pieterson 
 
 Antho. Addyson 
 
 Corn, ffinehold 
 
 Evert Price 
 
 Gishert Crump 
 
 Thorn. Eager 
 
 Garret Johnson 
 
 
 Hurley Souldiers. 
 
 Paulus Paulenson 
 
 Arien Alhertsen 
 
 Jacob Johnson 
 
 Jacob Carle 
 
 Lewys de Boys 
 
 Robert Goldsberry 
 
 Aaron Tunys 
 
 John Dihoth 
 
 Antho. Crippell 
 
 Arian ffrancon 
 
 Lambert Hyberts 
 
 Allard Rose 
 
 Wardener Hornbeck 
 
 Arian Rose 
 
 * Fox Hall, later erected into a baronial Manor, was the property of Thomas Chambers; N. E. of Kingston. — Ed. 
 
jSew Yorlc Histoi-ical Records. 449 
 
 Gerrett Fdkar John Rose 
 
 Garrett Corneliuson Pieter the ISTegroe 
 
 ffrnncois Le Shiere Matthias Blanchan 
 John Albertsen lu all 54. 
 
 Tuesday, Aprill 5'" 1670. 
 This day Capt. PawUngs ffoot Cumpuny appeared at tlie Eendezvous, where they wore must- 
 ered & exercised in their Armes. The President also caused all the Lawes relateing to Militarv 
 Affaires to be read before them & then inarched them with flying Colours to the Towne of 
 Hurley and there dismissed them. The Colours were lodged with a Guard at the Towne Hall in 
 Kingston^ where the Souldicrs were Commanded to appeare next day in Court to draw their Lotts. 
 
 "Wednesday Aprill 6'\ 
 
 The Com''" this day took care for the publishing of the Orders for the Boundarycs of all the 
 three Townes, Kingston, Hurley k, Marhleton, causing the same to be fiixt upon the Towne Hall 
 of inngston to publique view. And that noe man might plead ignorance of the same, the same 
 Orders were also publisht and afhxed in the Hutch Language by order of the President : The which 
 were likewise recorded in the Hutch Register. 
 
 This day also y' Comm''* thought fitt upon y" Debate of Mrs. Broaclheads Land to order, that 
 shee according to his Hon''^ Instructions should have the first choice of her two Lotts, whereupon 
 she pitched upon the seaventh & eighth parts, upon the first peice of Land belonging to IlarJil/'ton. 
 
 The Commissioners doe order, that Mr. Pawling and Mr. Beresford shall have three Lotts 
 out of the Lands belonging to MaMeton, to be divided this day by the Comm''^ aforesaid by ver- 
 tue of the Authority granted them by his Honour the Governour. 
 
 Ordered that for the more just and impartiall distribution of the Souldiers respective parcells 
 of Land, whereby there might be noe murmuring or cavilling on any side. They shoiild submitt 
 to draw Lotts for y" same. And the Comm"'" to that end appointed, that the next Childe (oi- that 
 which was nearest at hand) should draw the Lotts & Numbers out of two Hats and as they are 
 drawn to deliver each Lott &, Number to Y President to open & publiquely to read the same and 
 Register it in the Jouruall. 
 
 The first Lott was that John Heiidricl-, Richard. Cage it TJunnas Quyncll should have each 
 10 Acres of Land upon the first piece of Ground belonging to MarUcton, w'^'' was forthw"' orderd 
 them by the Comm" No 4. 
 
 The like Order for Porter ) 
 
 Ilus.'<ey \ No 10. 
 
 Addy.,n S 
 The like Order for Horton ) 
 
 EJqar \ No 5. 
 
 Oiliver \ 
 
 The like Order for Pcacocl- ) 
 
 Price \ No 6. 
 
 Reynolds ) 
 
 The like Order for Biggs ) 
 
 Clintou \ ^''o 9. 
 
 Fisher \ 
 The Court adjourns till 2 of the Clock in y" Afternoon. A Paper delivered into the Presi- 
 57 
 
450 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 dent by tending to Sedition & Mutiny ; which was torn as a scandalous Libell 
 
 repugnant to the Lawes of tliis Government and the Authority thereof. 
 
 The Com" proceeded to draw y'' rest of the Lotts (14) for divideing y^ 2'' piece of Land be- 
 longing to Marhleton amongst the Souldiers by the same Eules of proceeding as in tlie 
 morning. 
 
 This being done, 'twas Ordered, that (according to the Chance of the Lotts) Corporall Biggs, 
 FF'" Fisher & Clinton Mound should have 20 Acres a piece on the 3'' Styck No. 15.16. 
 
 The like Ord"' for Jo. UendricTc, Cage & Quynell " 19.20. 
 
 The like Ord' for Elgar, Olliver, Horton " 11.12. 
 
 The like Ord'' for Ilussey, Addyson Porter " 17.18. 
 
 The like Ord"" for Peacock, Price, Reynolds " 13.14. 
 
 This day upon y" humble Request of RoV Bicleerdaffe setting forth several! reasons there 
 unto moveing him to yield up his Right, Title & Literest of all the Lands allotted him within the 
 precincts of Marhleton, the Courtli doth order, that Clinton Mo%ind\\&.w'm^ formerly iiad a promise 
 from his Honour the Governour be inserted in the Roome of Roht. Bickerstaffe aforesaid and re- 
 ceive, possess and Enjoy the same parcell or parcells of Land, if his Hon' the Govern'' think fitt to 
 confirmo the same. 
 
 Also upon the request of John Pound, setting forth severall reasons thereunto moveing him 
 to yield up his Right, Title & Interest of all the Land allotted to him within the precincts of 
 Marhleton, the Court doth order, that TT™ Fisher be inserted in the Roome of y" said John Pound 
 & receive possess & Enjoy the said parcell or parcells of Land to the use of him & his Heyres 
 forever; If his Hon'' the Governo'' shall tliink fitt to confirme the same. 
 
 Ordered by y" Court, that y" Land upon y"' first & second pieces belonging to Marhleton thus 
 divided & drawn by Lott as aforesaid for the use of the Souldiers be forthwith reconnnended to 
 the Govern'' for his allowance & confirmation. And that his Hon'' be supplicated in their Name 
 to settle y* same by Patent to them & either of them & their Heyres & Assignes forever. And 
 that his Hon"' would be pleased to send them halfe a yeares provision (now due to them as they 
 alledge) & their Discharges (as they were promised) by the first convenient Opportunity. 
 
 Joest Arian haveing this day given to Gishert Crump his Home-Lott lyeing at MaMeton, 
 the Court has unanimously ordered and Granted, that the said Joost Arian be Released from that 
 Townc, seeing hee has gott this Gishert aforesaid to supply his place. 
 
 Thursday, Aprill 7'". 
 
 This day Mr. Christopher Beresford was sworne chief Magistrate of Hurley & Marhleton. 
 
 Also Mr. John Biggs was then sworne Overseer of Marhleton. 
 
 Ordered, that Mr. Christ. Beresford cliiefe Magrate John Biggs, Fredrick Ilussey, Lewys 
 de Boys and Alhei^t Ilymeiis, Overseers for the Townes of Hurley & Marhleton or any tliree of 
 them are hei-eby Empowered & Enjoyned to settle a due way of ffenees (improveing and pre- 
 serving such Connnon fiields & the ffruits of them) as lye within the precincts of the Townes re- 
 spectively, where they dwell and the said Chiefe Magistrate & Overseers shall from yeare to 
 yeare appoint one of y'' Planters for all & each Common flield belonging to the Townes, where 
 they dwell, to view the Common flfences within their Trust, & to take notice of tlie defects thereof 
 and forthwith to acquaint the Owners with the same ; And if the Owners or Occupy'^ doe not 
 make or repairey" Conmion ffence proportionably to the quantity of Land allotted them before the 
 fii-st of May ne.xt & to measure the said ffence within six days after the date hereof. That then 
 upon report of the Viewer or Viewers soe chosen, the said Viewer or View''" shall renew them, if 
 
Ktv) Yorl Hidoriad lucnnh. 451 
 
 tlicy think fitt & have double recomponce for tliu saine to be paid aceordiiiij to the known Lawcs 
 of this Government in tliat case provided. 
 
 Upon tlie speciall Instance & Retpiost of tlie Inliabil'" of Marlldon setting- forth y" great 
 necessity of erecting a bridge at Ifarhleton. to pass over to the eertaine tliird piece of land, called 
 y' S*" Styck ; It is this day ordered that Capt. Paioling doe take care for the Erecting & bnilding 
 of a Bridge there & to take to his assistance Capt. Thomas Chambers, Survey'' Generall of his 
 Ma'"'* Highwayes in these parts & to make the Bridge with all convenient speed. The Labourers, 
 that are einployed therein to be duly paid out of tlie Generall Eate assessed or to be assessed upon 
 all the Inhabitants of MarUetva for makeing or Building the Bridge aforesaid. 
 
 The names of the persons that this day 
 in open Court surrendered up tlieir severall 
 parcells of Land, allotted them in Marhldon 
 for the good of their Fellow-Souldiers. 
 Anthony Cooke Edward Whitiacre 
 
 Edward French George Ilall 
 
 Thomas Mathews Rohert Bcckcrsiaffe. 
 
 Copia vera 
 
 Jo. Clarke. Cler. Cur. 
 These Men did then petition to y^ Com''^ that, (since they had thus given up their lands to 
 the Enlargem' of their ffellow-Souldiers proportions) They might be ffreed from Marhldon, as 
 also that they might have their halfe yearss provision sent thein down with their discharges from 
 his Hon'' the Governour. The Grant of w"^*" requests falling not properly under the power of the 
 Com^* the Presid' thought fitt to recommend the same to his lion^ the Govern'' for a Resolve. 
 
 Friday Aprill 8"'. 
 
 ****** 
 
 The Comm''" doe also agree that all Persons whatsoever in the Precincts of ^/«(/*;!o«, Ilurleij 
 
 and Marl)leton, shall hold & Enjoy all Lands & Inheritances granted them by Patent or Lott 
 
 paying in Come Two Shillings six pence Quittrent annually for e\ery hundred Acres to his Poy- 
 
 all Highness according to Law. 
 
 oaturday, the 0'" Aprill. 
 
 Vpon Reading the Peticons of Tlerck Clans de Witt k. Air. IP" Montania setting forth, 
 that his Hon'' the Governour hath given them a Grant for the setting up of a Sawmill for the 
 publiquc benefitt, humbly requesting also that y"" Com''^ would be pleased to recommend their good 
 intentions to his Hon'' for the speedy Erecting of the said Sawmill some five Miles North from the 
 Towne of Kingston and likewise imploring the Grant of a eertaine piece of Land seituate & lyeing 
 a Mile further (called Dead Mens Bones) upon a North Line Easterly containing about seaventy 
 Acres for the sustentation of themselves and their Cattle, being soe remote from the Towne of 
 Kingston ; The Comm"''^ have viewed the same & referi-ed the Debate hereof till Munday next. 
 
 Upon reading ye Peti9on of John, Osterhout, Jan Burhans & Cornelius Vernoij, Husband- 
 men of the Towne of Kingston, alledgirig that his Hon'' the Gov'' hath been pleased to promise & 
 Grant to them a eertaine Neck of Land five miles distant from Kingston, or thereabouts over the 
 Kill neare the ffootpath leading to Albany containing by Estimation fifty foure acres cleare and 
 Good Land, The Com''* have this day viewed the same & have referred the Consideration thereof 
 till Munday next. 
 
452 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 These five Persons last menQoned have obliged themselves to build their Houses all together 
 on the other side of the Kill due North from the Land of Capt. Thomas Chambers, intending y" 
 same for an In-shipp within the precincts of Kingston. 
 
 Capt. Chambers desires also to Build a House for a Tenant witliin Two Musquett Shott of 
 the said Innshipp And also another House for his Son-in-Law. All which are referred till Muuday 
 
 Munday, Aprill 11''' 
 Ordered that the severall Petipons, vizt. of TiercJe Claus de Witt, Mr. Wm. Montania, John 
 Osterhout, Jan Burhans, Cornelius Yernoy, Capt. Chambers & John Teyson be forthwith recom- 
 mended to his Hon'' the Governour to confirme and allow the severall desires ol the Petigoners, 
 as hee in his wisdom shall jiidge most fitt & convenient. 
 
 The Orders now Read, Corrected & Amended, we doe Assent vnto vnder o' Hands, desiring 
 his Honour to Pardon u' Imperfections & to accept of o'' Endeavours. 
 
 Dudley Lovelace, Presid''. 
 Thomas Chambeks 
 Wm. Beeckman 
 Cheisto: Beeesford 
 This Evening the Court was dissolved. Heney Pawling 
 
 M"""' that there appeared the last day of o"" sitting (in Obedience to our summonse) before us 
 one Calcop an Indyan Sachem with his young Son and another young Indyan, who have sett their 
 hands to the agreeni' made between Richard Nicolls, the late Governour & the Sachems & peo- 
 ple, called the Sopcz Indyans k, doe owne the same according to Right & Honesty. They were 
 likewise admonished to Continue the same Custome yearely. 
 
 The next day Capt. Chambers his Company appeared in Amies ; They were commanded to 
 remove the East Gate of Kingston to the middle of the Curtaine, soe that the Towne is now 
 opened according to his Hon" Instructions directed to y^ Com''" y'= last Sessions. 
 
 The Company was mustered & exercised & the Lawes i-elateing to the military Affaires were 
 read at the Head of them in the Dutch language. The Artillery was drawn into the fheld & 
 ffyred when the Pres' took Horse to depart for New Yorke. 
 
 Present 
 
 Council Minute. Staten Island busini 
 At y« Fort Apr. 7"" 1670. 
 
 The Govern' T]jg l„dyans who p'tend an Interest in Staten 
 
 ■ ^ Island by Appointm' appeared before y"' Govern"" ; 
 
 ^v.va^Ruyven '^^''^ ^'^ "°* ^^'"'^ Yesterday (y" day p^fixed) being 
 
 The Secretary. hindered by Windy Weather. 
 
 It was askt of y" Indyans, how they could make it appeare, that they were y° Owners of 
 Staten Island, the w'^" at y° last Meeting they undertook to doe. 
 
 They say, there are five Principal! Owners, the rest are only ffriends. 
 
 It was demanded, what the first Owners Name is, they having raarkt out y'= severall Divisions, 
 befi;innin<j at the South. 
 
Ntio Yorh Historical Records. ih'^ 
 
 They say, his name is — Matackos, a Boy, hee was at Staten Island. The secoiul — Karara- 
 mint, liee is in Tuwne, but hath Entrusted some here. The 3'' Matarus, hce'l come To-morrow, 
 The 4:"' Craoqii I/, hoc is ahuost dead, soe cannot come, hee is of ^(7t•^■-«)«y, some of his ll'riends 
 will bee here To-morrow. The D"" Weno?iecameke of Staten Island. 
 
 Three of these were named at Staten Island, tlie otlier two not. 
 
 Its askt, if these beforenamed are y^ Eight Proprietors & noe other ? They say, yes & can 
 make it appeare : The 2 ancient men, who speak for the rest, doe not p'tend to have any Interest 
 in the Island, but are entrusted for the rest, who they know to bee Proprieto^^ 
 
 Its demanded of them, if they or any of them have heard of the names in the Dutch Records, 
 of w"='' diverse were read to them. They say, some they remember, but they are dead, soe tl<je 
 not love to hears of them. It's 40 yeares agoe since that Record. 
 
 It was askt, if they then lived upon Staten- Island. Tliey say — Yes ifc that these now 
 Clayming are descended from them. 
 
 It was then enquired of them, since those whose names were read did 40 yeares agoe sell 
 their Interest, why these now would sell it againe. They say, they sold but part : It's told 
 them, that it appears upon liecord, that all was sold : They being told, that since these now 
 would sell the Land againe, after it had been sold 40 yeares agoe, their children 40 yeares hence 
 nuiy doe y^ like. They say still, that then only part of it was sold, so they continued on it, but 
 now if they shall sell it all, they will go off & leave it. 
 
 The}^ are told, how it is made appeare y" Island hath long since been bought : however in 
 Considera(;on of their quiet Leaving y" Island a Present shall bee made them some-what extra- 
 ordinary for their Satisfaction. 
 
 They still insist, that a part was only sold & a small matter only paid. 
 
 All the Old Dutch Records were produced ct Examined into ; wherein it was found, that 
 the said Staten Island was sold, & the Considera(;on Agreed upon therein men{;oned with all the 
 Indyans Names & Markes, who sold it, — of which Warrlner & Aquepo & jillntjua^Sachemacks 
 at Staten Island are 3. It was in 1657. 
 
 This being prest, they say, they'l speak noe more of it, but lett those that are alive of them, 
 who made the Agreem' come to the Govern'' & satisfy him about it.— Then they are told, 
 that though there was an Agreem', yet nothing of it was paid, for they did not goe off the Island, 
 ijut if they will now goe all off. That Agreement shall be made good to them. 
 
 The Particulars are read vizt 
 10 Shirts 2 Pieces of Dutfelds, about 36 Coates 
 
 30 paire of stockings woollen 30 Kettles, small & Great 
 
 10 Gunns 50 Hattchets small & great 
 
 10 Barrs of Lead 25 Hoes 
 
 30 pounds of powder Some Knives 
 
 30 Ells of Redd Dogens, w'^'' make 12 Coates Some Awles. 
 
 Thev say, they'l accpiaint y" rest, that are concerned w"* it & will send to Warriner, Aqtiepo 
 & Minqua-Saehemaek to come hithei-. At last they promise to bring Aquepo & Warriner to 
 the Govern'' To-morrow. 
 
 At y'^ Fort Apr. 9"' IGTO. 
 Pres'. 
 The Governo'' etc 
 
 The Busynessewas again had under Considerac'on about y" Indyans Pretences etc. to Staten- 
 Island. 
 
 The Indyans brought only xique^M w"' tlicm j they siiy, Warriner is sick ifc besides if bee 
 
454 Colonial Settlements on the Hudnon River. 
 
 were well, hee would not come for that hee hath play'd away all his Interest in Staten Jsland. 
 Afterwards came also Minqua-Sachemack. Aquepo being then shown the Record, where his 
 Marke was, hee presently found it out. 
 
 Hee saith farther, that y* Governo'' then promised y'= scverall things mentioned to bee Agreed 
 for the Island & sent into Holland for them, hut they never were sent. 
 
 It's askt if the Govern""' will now make good that Agreem', whether they are content to 
 quitt the Island. 
 
 Aquepo pretends, It was agreed but for a part, but they are told y* Record mentions the 
 whole Island, w'^'' is more certaine, then what hee saith. They refuse to take, what was then 
 agreed upon. 
 
 It's told them, if they will not sell they must Plant in some Corner of the Island, that may 
 be ffenct in; And if they shall disturbe y" People, Cattle or Hoggs that live tliere, they shall bee 
 severely punisht. 
 
 Some of y" Indyans present lay Clayme to y"" Land by Harlem, but y" Records shews, it was 
 bought & paid for 44 yeares ago. 
 
 It being askt, what they demand more then was Agreed formerly ; They desire to know 
 what y* Govern' will give for the Island, It's told them, what was Agreed for formerly. They 
 still insist, that the Agreem* was but for part. They demand for the whole as follows : 
 300 600 ffathom of Wampum 30 Axes 
 
 30 60 Match Coates 30 Hoes 
 
 8 Coates of Dussens made up 30 Shirts 
 
 30 40 Kettles A ffirkin of Powder, judged to bee 50 pounds 
 
 20 30 Gunns 60 Barrs of Lead 
 
 50 Knives 
 
 Afternoone. 
 
 It is oflerd to make an Abatem' as in y'= Margent. The Indyans ask more 100 ffathom of 
 Wamp" 10 Kettles, & 10 Gunns. The 100 ffathom of Wamp" is consented to. 
 
 The Governo'' offers more to give them 3 halte ffatts of Beare, each of them a white six Stive' 
 Loafe & halfe a Mutch of Liquor. 
 
 Quererom, who was Employed to bring the Indyans together, is to have a Blanket & a 
 ffathom of Duffells. WackecJcanokhuj, one of the Speakers, is to have a small Iron Pott in lieu 
 of one hee lost in Towne. 
 
 On "Wednesday next, being the 13"" day, they are to come againe & receive their Pay. The 
 Persons p'sent & concerned strooke hands upon the Bargaine. 
 
 To leave the Island upon receiving the Pay. 
 Their names : 
 
 Aquepo Quewequeen 
 
 Minqua-Sachemack Wewanecameck 
 
 Wewaiiecameck Mataris 
 
 Pemantowes- Aquepo Aquepo in y" name of Wamner. 
 
 April 13'\ 
 
 The Sachems appeare, but not all ; those that appeare for them absent are written above over 
 against them. 
 
 There appeare 4. 
 
 Tlie Payment is made & Deed of Conveyance signed Possession of y" Island by Turfe & 
 
JSfew York Historical lU-cords. 
 
 455 
 
 Twigg was given by y" Indyans the 1" of May following to Mr. Thomas Lovelace & Mr. Mat- 
 thias jVicollN Deputed from the GoverIlo^ 
 
 Indian Deed for Staten-Isl^vnd to Goveknor Lovelace. 
 
 Tliis Indenture made the thirteenth Day of April! in tlie 22"' yeare of the Eaigne of o' 
 Soveraigne Lord Charles the Second by the Grace of God of England, Scotland, firanco and Ire- 
 land Kinge Defend' of the Faith &c & in the yeare of our Lord God 1670, Between y» R' lion''''" 
 Francis Lovelace Esq'''^ Governo'' Gen" und"' his Royall Highness James Duke of York & Albany 
 etc Of all his Territoi-yes in America for & on y^ behalfe of his said Royall Iliglmess on y" one 
 part and Aquepo, Warrines, Mimjua-Sachemach, l^emantoioes Que-wequeen, Wewanecameck, and 
 Mataris on y* behalfe of themselves as the True Sachems Owners & lawfully Indian Proprietors 
 of Staten- Island & of all other Indians any way concerned therein on y" otli'' parte Witnessetli, 
 That for & in consideration of a certaine suine of Wampum &, divers other goods, which in the 
 Schedule hereunto annext are Exprest unto y° said Sachems in hand paid by the said Governo'' 
 ffraneis Lovelace or his Order, the receipt whereof they, y" said Sachems, Doe hereby Acknowl- 
 edge & to be fully satisfyed & thereof & every parte thereof Doe for themselves & all others con- 
 cerned their heires and Successors & every of them clearly acrpiitt and discharge the said Govern- 
 oui- & his Successors, Have given, graunted bargained & sould & by theise presents Doe fully & 
 absolutely give, graunt, bargain & sell unto y" s,!i\il ffrancis Lovelace, Governour for & on y* be- 
 halfe of his Eoyall Highness aforementioned All that Island lyeing & being in fftuhons Ryver, 
 comonly called Stat eii- Island & by y° Indians Aquehonga Manachnoncj, having on y'' South y' 
 Bay & Sundypoint, on y* North y' Eyver & y'^ Citty of New Yorke on Manhatans Island, on y° 
 cast Long-Island & on y" west y" maine Land of After Coll or New-Jersey, Together w"" all y« 
 Liuids, soyle, meadows, fresh and salt pastures, Comons, woodlands. Marshes, Ryvers, Ryvolettes, 
 streames Creeks waters Lakes & whatsoever to y" said Island is belonging or any way apperteyning 
 & all & singuler oth"' y° p''misses w"' tli' appurtenances & everye parte & parcell thereof w"'out any 
 reservation of y° herbage or Trees or any other thinge growing or being thereupon And the said 
 Sachems for themselues & all others concerned their heires & success''^ Doe Covenant to & w"" y"= 
 said Govern'' & his success''^ for & on y" behalfe afoi-esaid in manner & forme following. That is 
 to say, That they y'^ said Sachems now are y° very True sole & Lawf ull Indian Owners of the said 
 Island & all & singuler of y° p''misses as being derived to them by their Anncestors & that now 
 at th'ensealing tfe delivery of these p'sents they are lawfully seized thereof to y"" use of themselues 
 their heires & Assignes for ever according to y*" use & Custome of y" rest of y' Native Indians of 
 this Country And further That y" said Island now is & at y" tyme of Executing of y° said Estate 
 to be made as aforesaid shall be & from tyme to tyme & at all tymes hereafter shall & may stand 
 remaine and continue unto y° said Governo'' & his successors to y° use of his Eoyall Highness as 
 aforesaid freely & Early discharged & Acquitted from all & every former bargaines sales guifts 
 Graunts & Incumbrances whatsoever & furthermore the said Sachems for themselues and all 
 others concerned their heires & Success''' Doe Covenant, That y^ said Govern"' his success" & As- 
 signes for & on y behalfe of his Eoyall Highness as aforesaid shall & may from henceforth for- 
 ever Lawfully peaceably & quietly haue hould possess & Enjoy all the said Island w"' th'appur- 
 tenances & all &c every oth"' y° p''misses w'" their appurtenances w'^out any Lett resistance or 
 Disturbance or interruption of the said Sachems or any others concerned their heires & success" 
 & w^ut any manner of LawfuU Lett resistance molestation or interruption of any other person 
 or persons whatsoever Clayming by from or under them or any of them And It is likewise Lastly 
 
456 
 
 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson liiver. 
 
 Covenanted & agreed That y^ said Sachems & y* rest of y' Indians concerned w'" them now In- 
 habiting or residing upon y* said Island shall hane free Leane & Liberty to be & remaine there- 
 upon untill y® First Day of May next, when they are to surrend'' the possession thereof unto such 
 person or persons as y" Govern'' shall please to appoint to see y" same put in Execution upon w* 
 day They are all to Transporte themselues to some other place & to resigne any Interest or Clayme 
 thereunto or to an}' parte thereof forever To haue and to hould y" said Island so bargained & 
 sould as aforementioned unto y' said Francis Lovelace Govern"' & his success" for & on y" behalfe 
 of his Royall Highness his heires & Assignes unto y'^ proper use & behoofe of his said Royall 
 Highness his heires & Assignes forever. In witness whereof y® Partyes to theise p''sent Indenture 
 haue Interchangably sett to their hands & scales the day and yeare first herein wrytten. 
 
 Sealed & Delivered in y* presence of 
 CoEN. Steenwyck, Mayor 
 Tiios. Lovelace 
 
 Matthias Nicolls 
 C. V. Rdtven 
 
 Oloff Stevenson van Coetlandt 
 Allaed Anthony 
 
 Johannes van Beugh 
 Geeeet van Tricht 
 
 I. Bedloe 
 Waen. "Wessels, Constab : 
 
 "William Nicolls 
 
 HUMPHEEY DaUENPOET 
 CoENELIS BedLOO 
 
 Nicholas Anthony 
 
 The marke of ^ Aquepo (L S) 
 
 The marke of Aquepo 
 
 on the behalfe of V. Waeeenes (L S) 
 
 The marke of Wawanecameck 
 
 on the behalfe of ^ Minqua-Sachemack 
 
 The marke of Aquepo 
 
 on the behalfe of xj Pemantowes 
 
 The marke of j Quewequeen 
 
 i Youths 
 
 The marke of 
 
 Wawanecameck 
 
 The marke of Q, Mataeis 
 Memorandum : That the young Indyans not being present at the Ensealing & delivery of the 
 within written deed, it was again delivered & acknowledged before them whose names are here 
 underwritten as witnesses. 
 Signed in presence of 
 The Govern o'' 
 Capt. Manning 
 The Secretary. 
 
 ^ 
 
 The marke of > Pewowahone 
 
 about 5 yeares old, a boy. 
 
 The marke of (^^ Kohique 
 
 about 6 yeares old, a boy. 
 
 The marke of c^ Shinginnemo 
 
 about 12 yeares old, a Girle. 
 The marke of O Kanarehanse 
 
 about 12 yeares old, a Gy-le. 
 The marke ^^^ of Maquadus 
 about 15 yeares old, a young man. 
 The marke of OT^ Asheharewas 
 about 20 yeares old, a young man. 
 
New York Ilidorical lioconln. 457 
 
 The Payment Agreed upon for y" Piu-cbase of Staten-Idand Couveyod this Day by y" In- 
 dian Sachems Proprief'* (viz :) 
 
 1 Power Hundred Fathoms of "Wamjiuiu 
 
 2 Thirty Match Coates 
 
 3 Eight Coates of Dozens made up 
 
 4 Thirty Shirts 
 
 5 Thirty Kettles 
 
 6 Twenty Gunnes 
 
 (A ffirkin of Powder ~1 7 
 
 Sixty Barres of Lead I 8 
 
 Thirty Axes I 9 
 
 I Thirty Howes & 10 
 
 [Fifty Knives J n 
 
 Memorandum : It is Covenanted & Agreed upon by y'^ Partyes within mentioned Franck 
 Lovelace Esq'° Govern'' etc for & in y'' behalfe of his Iloyall Highn'" & y" wi"'in wrytten Sachems 
 on y" behalfe of themselues & all others concerned before th' ensealing & delivery hereof That 
 Two or Three of y* said Sachems their heires or success'^ or so many Persons Lnployed by 
 them shall once every yeare (viz''.) upon y" First day of May yearly after their surrend"' I'epair to 
 this ffort to acknowledge their sale of the said Utaten- Island to y" Governour or his Successors 
 to continue a miituall friendship betweene them As witness their hands. 
 
 The marke of Aquepo The marke of Aquepo on behalfe 
 
 " Wewanecameck of Waerines 
 
 on the behalfe of Minqua SAcnEMACK The marke of Quewequeen 
 
 The marke of Aquepo on behalfe The marke of Wewanecameck 
 
 of Pemantowes " " Matabis. 
 
 TnE Govern"' Oed" for y^ non-Sale of y^ Land at Esopus, w™ was given to y' 
 
 SOULDIEES THEKE. 
 
 Framns Lovelace Esq''" &c Whereas I am given to understand, That some of y'' late Souldiers, 
 who have had Lands allotted them at y° New Village at Fsojjus called 2Iarhl(ion & have had 
 Discharges from their Militai-y Imploym', have contrary to y® end & intent both of myselfe & 
 Predecess" for y'' w'='' the Laud there was gi-auuted to them p'sumed to make Sale of their Lotts, 
 whereby y* said place instead of being settled will inevitably come to Ruine & Decaye unless some 
 speedy Remedy be used, These are to publish and declare, That y* sales w''*' already have beene or 
 shall w"'in y" space of Three yeares be made by any perticuler person that hath Land laid out for 
 him at Marlleton for his service as a Souldier arc & shall be voyde & that what jierson soever 
 shall p''sume to sell or buy any such Land w"'in y^ space of Three yeares aforesiiid w'^out my 
 perticuler Lycence & consent shall be lookt upon as a Contemner of this Declaration & shall be 
 lyable to undergoe such fyne or censure as by myselfe & Councell shall be thought fitt to be 
 imposed upon them. And I do likewise hereby ord'' that Publication hereof be forthw"' made in 
 each respective Towne at Esopus & this Declaration read by beate of Drum »fe afterwards atHxt 
 in some Eminent place in every Towne, that none may plead ignorance hereof. Given und"" my 
 hand & sealed w" y« scale of y" Province Alffort James in New Yorke this 23(1 day of August 
 in the 22"" yeare of his Ma"" Eaigne Annoque Dm 1670. 
 
 58 
 
458 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Me. Jacques Coetilleait oedeeed and appointed foe t'^ Convenient laying out 
 40 LoTTS foe y^ settling 2 TowNESHiPs ON Staten-Island. 
 
 Whereas it is Eesolved upon that Two Towneships shall be settled upon Staten-Island of 40 
 Familyes each, You are hereby ordered & appointed forthw"' to repaire to y° said Island & first 
 of all to take a view, where 18 Lotts more may be added to y" 22 already lay"* out or so many as 
 shall compleate y° said number of 40 & that it be so Contrived that y^ Lotts be not laid out strag- 
 ling but neare one another, w"^*" when yo" shall have done, that yo" goe to y" great Kill & pitch 
 upon y° most convenient place for a Towne there of y' like number of 40 Familyes and having 
 made an Exact Calculation thereof, that yo" bring an Account thereof unto me by Monday morn- 
 ing next & for so doing this shall be yo' warrant. Given und' my hand this 24"' day of Octob'' 
 1670. 
 
 To Capt" Jacques Cortyleau Survey'' Gen". 
 
 Council Minute. New-England people teadino with the Indians at Albany 
 Indian Teeaty. 
 
 At a Couneell held y" 22"" day of October 1G70. 
 
 -J: * * * * * * 
 
 3. As to Capt. Salisiiiri/es Letter about the New-England Mens Trading at Albany w*'' 
 Horses & Cattle for Beaver. That an Ord' & Proclaraa^on bee made to Prohibitt the Importa9on 
 of Cattle, Horses or Goods from any other Government to that Place over Land or of Exportac^on 
 of Beav"'* or Peltry from thence that way, without particular Ord' from the Govern'' under the 
 penalty of forfeiture &c untill his Koyall Highnesse Pleasure shall bee further known herein. 
 ******* 
 
 6. About y« peace between y' Maquaes and MaJdcanders, To leave tliis in suspense, untill 
 y" Certainty of Govern"' Winthrqps Voyage for England bee knowne & the Returne of Mr. 
 Mayo' from Albany. 
 
 At a Couneell held in y^ ffort Decemb'' 1, 1670. 
 * * * * * * * 
 
 About the peace between y" Maques & MaMcanders Ordered that a Letter of what hath 
 
 past at Albany & Sohanechtide with a Translation of y'' Proposi(;ous made by y" ludyaus there 
 
 bee sent to Goveruo'' Wi/nthrop with a Desire of his Answer upon it. 
 
 Oedee dieecting the Sheeiff of the Esopus to keep an Account of Yessels coming theee. 
 
 Mr. Isaack Ora/veraert, Schout of Esopus, appointed to take an Acco* of all Sloops or Boats 
 coming thither. 
 
 "Whereas severall Sloops and Boates doe go up from this place to Esopus, where they unload 
 & there load againe without making Entry, as in other Poi'tes within this Governme' is usuall, 
 whereby sometimes his Ma"* is defrauded of y*^ Customes due upon Strong Lit^u" & other Cus- 
 
 I 
 
New York Historical Records. 459 
 
 toiuary Goods ; To y" end y" same may be p''vented and a more regular cotirse taken for y" future ; 
 These are to Authorize and Appoint Mr. Isaack Graveraert y" p'sent Schout at Kiruj^ton in Ksv- 
 pus to take aa Aeco' of all Sloops or Boats, w"" shall come in there bound for that place, and 
 make an Entry of their Loading ; And likewise that hee cause y'^ Master or Skipper of any sucii 
 Sloopc or Boate before hee conies away to take a Certificate or Pass- porte for his Vessell and Load- 
 ing, as is practized in other Fortes; Ilee takeing y'' ordinary ffees allowed therefore and rendring 
 an acco' of all such matt" to y'= [Eeceiver] of y* Customes in this City. And all Masters of 
 Sloops, Boats or other Vessells goeing thither or eomeing thence are to observe and take notice 
 hereof, as they will answer y' Contrary at theii- perills. Given under my Hand at Forte James 
 iu New YorTce this 12th day of July 1671 
 
 Fkan Lovelack. 
 To all Mast" of Sloops or other Vessells, 
 whom this may concerne. 
 
 Proceedings in the Mayor's Court. Differences between Harlem and Foedham. 
 (New York City Records.) 
 Sep'. 8, 1671. 
 
 The Inhabitants of the Town of Fonlham. Plff. 
 
 John Archer Deft. 
 
 The Plfs. do complaine that y' deft, severall times hath bene y" occasion of Great Troubles 
 betwixt y"" Inhabitants of y° s"* Towue he takeing uppon himselfe to Ruel and Governe over them 
 by Rigur and force and do humbly desiere Reliefe and y' protexion of this C" ag" him or any 
 other that should disturbe y'^ peace of y" s'' Inhabitants. 
 
 Uppon y' Hearing of both p''ties y" Court ordered y" deft John Archer to behavie himselfe 
 for y'' future Civilly and quietly ag'*' y" Inhabitants of y° s'' towne, as hee will answer y° Contrary 
 att his perrill ; And it is further Qi-dered that all small Differances w'^'' for the future shall happen 
 to fall out at Fordham afores*" shall be Decided at Haerlem by y' Magistrates of Fordham w"" y° 
 Assistance of two of y" Magistrates of Haerlem afores''. Except those of Fordham will be at y° 
 Charge to satisfy y"" Magistrates of Jlaerlem for Commiiig up to their Towne of Fordham. 
 
 Orders for y"^ Regulatino of y"^ Cn^ii.L & Military Affayres at Esopus. 
 
 1. Inprimis, That Capt. Chamhers command y'" Militia at Finf/xfon. and that Capt. Pav;lin(j 
 Command y" other Company at Hurley and MaMeiowne. 
 
 2. That for exercizing y'= said Militia both private & Gen" they follow y'' p''scription of the 
 Booke of Lawes in that Case establisht ; And soe likewise for Ulning of Dolincpients, p'serva9on 
 of Armes, AmmuniQons &C. 
 
 3. That every Towne in y" Administravmi of Justice follow y" Rules of y" Lawes already sett 
 forth. That is to say. That each Towne sluill determine definitively all Actions under Hive pounds 
 according to y'' Lawes of Towne.sliipps. 
 
 4. That there shall bee a C''' of Sessions held each halfe yearo at Kinf/ston, wliieh shall determine 
 all Actions, whether Criminall or other (not extending to Death) & inflict puiiishm'^ according to 
 
460 Colonial Settlements on the Hndson liiver. 
 
 the Merritt of y" ffaet, whether on Christians or Indyans; And for Matt" Civill as other C""'" of 
 Sessions doe here hold & determine ; w"" this Provisoe, That any Party aggrievd may have like 
 Liberty to Appeale to y'^ Gen" C' of Assizes held at New-Torke. 
 
 5. The Persons, that are to sitt at y" C"' of Sessions shall bee Capt. Chambers, Justice of y" 
 Peace, who is to p'side as Presid', y'= Schout of Kingston & Elect Commissary, Capt. Pawling for 
 Marhleton, Albert Heyviaiis for Hurley & the Eldest Commissary at Kingston. 
 
 6. That in regard y'' Traffick at Esopus consists chiefly in Come, w'^'" invites Merchants from this 
 City of New Yorke to repaire hither to Negotiate w"' y'' flTarmers, and that it may often happen 
 out soe, that some difference ariseing above y° determina9on of Towne Courtes, soe that the Mer- 
 chant according to y" ordinary course of Justice must be Constreyned to attend y° Sessions, w'"* 
 may prove prejudiciall to his Aflayre by y° approaching of Winter or any other Intervening Lett 
 or hindrance ; fFor p^vention thereof It may be lawfull for any Person at any other time to cause 
 a Speciall Court to be called (as a Court of Sessions), the Person being at y* Charge that convenes 
 it ; And all Actions soe determined there shall bee Esteemed as Effectuall, as if it had past at y^ 
 Court of Sessions held at their usuall Seasons. 
 
 Octob"" 25*", 1671. Francis Lovelace. 
 
 Council Minute. Purchase of Land in WESTcnESTEE County. 
 
 At a Councell held y? SO"" day of October 1671 Present — The Governor 
 Ml". Steenwyck The Secretary. 
 
 The Matter under Considera(;on is the Purchase of the Land of y^ Wickersereek Indyans, 
 offered to Sale. Part of it was purchased in y" yeare 1649, as appeares upon Kecord. 
 
 Showan Orockeits Brother, & other Indyans present being demanded, what they came for, 
 they replycd, they come to sell their land to the Goveruo''. They were offered a Price & could 
 sell it to others, but would not, having more a Desire, that the Governor should have it or the 
 Refusal! ; It was told them none could buy it without the Governo^^ Licence. 
 
 Then they went by chalking it out to shew their Bounds &, what was sold, w* they describe 
 by a small Stroake alongst the East liiver. 
 
 The Names of those that pretend to bee y* Owners — Rainaque, Tapongeere, Nepaknickan, 
 Inquus, Nenemarck, Amanung, Wyrandis, Chemus, Sessepoos. — They would reserve a piece of 
 Land for themselves. 
 
 It was askt them how fan- it was from Manussing to Ilarlcm River, And from John Rich- 
 ardsons Crosse over to Wyekerscreeke, They answer, it is a good halfe dayes Journey, about 6 
 hours or 18 miles in breadth. In length as before. They say It is a good dayes Journey. 
 
 It is 3 dayes Journey about in Circumference. It being askt, now tliey are beaten off by the 
 Maques, how they can make a good Title thereinto, if it were sold ? They say, the Maques will 
 not say, they have any pretence to their Land, though being at "Warre, they would destroy their 
 Persons & take away their Beavers & Goods. 
 
 It was demanded what Meadow or Valley did belong to their Land, They say there is a great 
 deale of Meadow within the Land. 
 
 They are bid to consider of what price they will ask for their Laud & give an Answer about 
 two oclock Afternoone. 
 
 
New Yorh Jlistorical Records. 
 
 The Acco' they returne of tlieir Price is 
 
 300 fathom Wamp" 30 Chipping Axes 
 
 30 Match Coates 50 Knives 
 
 10 Blanketts 30 Barrs of Lead 
 5 Cleat Coates of Duzzines |. a Barrel! of powder 
 
 30 Kettles 2 ^ ffatts of Beerc 
 
 30 Gunns 1 Anchor of Rimiin 
 
 20 Shirts 3 Ilowes. 
 
 20 paire Stockings 
 30 Hatchetts 
 
 40 1 
 
 Letter from y^ Governo" it Coitncell to Capt. James Carterktt as an Inter- 
 
 POSI9ON FOR A RENEWJCI) FFRIENDSHU" BETWIXT HIil & Gu'T. PllILII'P CarTEKFTT 
 
 S^ 
 
 The Governo"' having lately received a Letf from his Ma"*= Dated y" 10"" of March ICT^, who 
 out of a Paternall & Princely Regard to y Safety of these his Dominions in America, admonishes 
 us (by the great Revolutions, that are now likely to happen in Christendom) that wee might timely 
 provide against y* Common Enemyes of his Ma""^ Just Right and y" true Interests of y" particular 
 Proprief^, to whom his Ma''" hath most graciously transferred over his Clayme of any of these 
 his Territoryes or Colonyes on this Continent of America, by a more strict Vnion of ourselves 
 together, whereby wee may bee the better able to assist each other as Occasion or Exigence should 
 require, xVnd having taken Notice of late, that our next Neighbour Governour, Capt. Philipp 
 Carterett, with whom hitherto wee have had a friendly & amicable Correspondence, is now in a 
 manner extruded from freely Exercizing that Autliority, by w"^'' hee was coiimiissioned to Rule & 
 Governe those committed to his chai-ge & trust & y" legislative Powers now exereiz'd by others; 
 To the end his Ma"" gracious Advice & Commands may bee loyally & solemnly observed. It will 
 bee necessary, that a true Vnderstanding bee known by what means this suddaine Mutation is 
 made, that soe wee may not bee to seek to whom legally to apply ourselves to, if ever any Immerg- 
 cneyes should call on us conformable to his Ma'"'^ most Gracious "Will & Pleasure, Allwayes pro- 
 fessing where the just Authority does reside to bee willing & ready on all lawfull Occasions to bee 
 soe serviceable to them, as wee desire y' like from others, if need should require. Neither have 
 wee occasion to feare, that those unhappy Breaches, v;"^^ have happend amongst you bee altogether 
 soe desperate and uncurable, but that by y"^ Interposition of moderate & unbyasst persons to either 
 Party such a Composure may bee proposed, as may satisfy all Interest, but those that delight in 
 Nothing soe much as in Dissent. 
 
 S^, if these amicable Proposi^ons of ours bee but harken'd to (& by the Blessing of Allmighty 
 God) take that Effect, wee cordially wish in y" Peace & Tranquillity of you our nearest Neighb", 
 wee shall have Cause to bless God in makeing us y" happy Instruments to soe worthy a AVorke ; 
 But if it fall out Contrary to our profest Desires (which God forbid) yet wee shall acquitt our- 
 .selves to all the World of the entire Syncerity wee have us'd to heale those Wounds, w*^'' (perhaps) 
 the Enemyes to his Ma"'-' & Lord-Propriet" would bee gladd to see fester into a Gangreeu & soe 
 become incurable. 
 
 S^, wee heartily desire you to take these our Reflections into yo'' serious Considera(;on «fe to 
 believe noe sinister end whatever doth prompt us to this Interposition, but it being a Christian 
 Charitable Worke acceptable (wee believe) to God, who is a God of Order, to y" Loyalty li: Duty 
 
462 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 wee owe to liis sacred Ma"<=', & that Comon Charity wee desire may be paid to each other, by 
 endeavouring to p''serve a Vnity of Spiritt in y» Bond of Peace. 
 
 Thus recomending these our Reflections into your candid & ingenuous Accepta<;on wee 
 heartily take Leave of you, desireing you to send an Answ"' in "Writing by this Gentleman, y"= 
 Bearer Capt. Dudley Lovelace, who will deliver this to your Hands. 
 
 By Order of y^ Govern'' and Couucell. 
 Forte James in New TorTce y^ 11"' day of June 1672. 
 
 Capt. James Cakteeetts Answer. 
 Right Hon"'" S^ 
 
 & 
 Worthy Gentlemen. 
 
 I received yo''^ per y" hands of Capt. Dudley Lovelace Dated y^ 11"" of this Instant. The 
 Contents I have perused & part of them do" finde meriting all Loving acceptance & kinde enter- 
 tainm' ; assureing you that I doe fully concurr & acquiess w"" you in respect to any friendly 
 Association, whereby wee may Bee made more capable to signify y° Integrity and Sincerity in 
 serving his sacred Ma"^ in his concerns either hero or elsewhere, & when Occasion doth present 
 myselfe & y* Inhabitants here shall readyly, & chearfully manifest the same according to his 
 Ma"'' Gracious Advice & Comands in whatsoever wee are or may be found capable ; w"^ I hope & 
 desire may satisfy you or any others, who are all dubious whom to apply themselves unto, if ever 
 any Immergencyes should call on them ; ffor you may please to believe That in what is, or may 
 be proper to use wee shall show y'' like willingness to assist you against any of his Ma"''' Comon 
 Enemyes; But w'^'' will afford you y" less Encouragem', & wee indeed are ashamed to divulge, 
 our Inhabitants are in a raw & undisciplined Condition, brought thei-eunto by Capt. Philip 
 Carterett, who differing from all Martiall Men that ever I knew in the World, hath for severall 
 yeares past threatened & forbidden our People upon paine of Death not to Exercise themselves 
 in Military Affayres or Discipline ; w'='' together with other Gross Miscarriages of his, contrary to 
 our Concessions, & contrary to his own Commission hath formerly (in his time of Governm') 
 unjustly dissatisfyed, disturbed, & impoverisht the Kings Subjects in this Province ; And if then 
 you or others who pretend such amicable ffriendship & correspondence w''' him, had been pleased 
 to advise & Councill him better. It might have been better for him than at this time. What you 
 mean by Reflections, is above my minor & feeble capacity to apprehend ; And as I favourably 
 conjecture they are as inexpedient to promote & eiierease Love & Peace, as Interpositions are to 
 heale unhappy Breaches ; of w''" (by the Blessing of God) wee are freed of late, & doe enjoy 
 very much Tranquility among"' oui-selves to our great satisfaction; yett possibly not wholly 
 exempt from turbulent, Jehu, & Ishmaelite Spirits asappeareth in all Ages, Provinces, & Jurisdic- 
 tions, together with the old pernitious Sect of Tale-Bearers, w'''' the wise man speaks of ; And I 
 wish that you & I may take that judicious & divine Advice of his ; Proverbs y" 20"' & 19 ver : & 
 f 17'" & IS'" ver. 
 
 S""' In respect to y" Differences or Breaches that have hapencd between Capt. Carterett & myself, 
 there is (as you say) noe occasion to dispair, but they will in time be healed or cured by the Hon''''' 
 Lords Proprietor unto whom they are already p''sented & referred as y'' most ample & compitent 
 Judges in those Matt''; And I doubt not but yo''selves will grant them to bee moderate & unby- 
 asscd Persons on either side ; And if soe then most requisite that they should receive that acco' 
 w'-'' is rendered to them ; the same which I suppose you mean by a suddaine Mutation here ; A 
 true understanding where of is as much unnecessary to bee declared to unconcerned Persons, as 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 403 
 
 by what Authority I act & transact Affayres here in this Government, a thing w'^'' I have never 
 siought to pry into in other Governments ; and why any Acco' there of should bee required or 
 expected by you as a Couneill I know noe Reason, seeing that I am not under Obligations to render 
 the same to any but to his Ma"° & my Superiours the Lords Propricto" by whose Order & Instruc- 
 tions T act & shall in an orderly, meek & peaceable way endeavor to suppress such who doe most 
 falsely without either shew or Colour of truth repute mee a Disturber of y" Countrey, like 
 unworthy Persons as they ai-e ; who some I have accused of speaking treasonable words against 
 his Ma"" the King, & under y" Guilt of y° Breach of their Oath of ifidelity to y'' Lords Proprieto'", 
 & have fatally ruined their Interest here, & y'= poore Inhabitants of their Province in a great 
 measure. These have only lately published mee by their writts a Rebell & Mutineer, who am 
 Proprieto" of my ffathers Interest in this Province ; They are likewise great Disturbe'" of our 
 Peace. They and only they, & doe frerpiently arrogantly, & falsely Declare in New Yoi'ke that I 
 have done it, because I have taken a Legall Course to putt a stopp to their unjust & unrighteous 
 Proceedings, greatly dishonorable to God, his Ma"" y" King, & y° Lords Proprieto" ; All w* I 
 can sufficiently prove & make appeare to y® Damage & shame of the aforesaid Persons, counte 
 nanced, encouraged, & believed by some in New Yorhe ; which I take unkindly ; And if God 
 spare life, I will give his RoyaU Ilighness an Accompt of them by the first, & after second it 
 myself by a Yerball Declaration how I am used in his Territory es, as also who they bee that have 
 appeared like Enemyes to King & Countrey, & perhaps (as you say) would gladly see wounds 
 fester into a Gangreen, & soe become incurable ; which God forbidd, & grant that I may bee by 
 all Lawfull & just Endeavo'' an Instrument to preserve Unity in the Bond of Peace ; A thing 
 w'-'' I can appeale to God (w'" a conscience iinblameable) & accpiitt myself before all the world. I 
 never did obstruct in any unrighteous or illegall way ; And it is my hearty and unfeigned Desire 
 to live in all amicable Correspondence & Tranouility with you and all Men. Soe you shall ever 
 find me — 
 
 Your Ready Priend 
 Elisabeth Towne in New Jersey Jamks Caktereit.* 
 
 June y'' 14*'' 1672. 
 
 Council Minute. Commission for Indian Affairs. 
 
 At a Couucell held in Fort James y" 2-4'" of June 1672. 
 
 The Commission for y" Indyan Affayres soe farre to continue in force as shall relate to keep 
 y'= Indyansin good Ord'' ; I3ut as to any matter of differeuce of meum and tuum or trespasse, that 
 it be decided by the next Justice of the Peace and Constable & Ovei-seers of the Towne, where 
 the cause of Action shall arise, but if the Action bee above 5 £, they may Appeale to y" next 
 Court of Sessions. 
 
 * See "East Jersey under the Proprietary Governments " and '• New Jersey Archives," Vol. I. —Ed. 
 
46J: Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Instructions fok Capt. DeLavall & Mr. Steenwyck, at theie goeino for 
 Albanv, June y^ 10^", 1672. 
 Gentlemen. 
 . Forasmiicli as yon are sufficiently acquainted w"' his Ma'""^ Resolutions of prosecuting a Warr 
 
 w"* y° States of y° united Provinces, as appeares both by his Published Declara9on, & liliewiseby 
 his particular Lett" directed to mee to bee communicated to you with said Letters & Declaration 
 you shall carry along with you for your better Guidance & Instruction, you are in the first place 
 after yo' Arrival to cause your said Declaration to bee solemnly pj-oclaymed, by what fibrmality 
 you shall conceive to bee most effectuall according to his Ma'"'''' Intention & good pleasure. 
 
 You are likewise to see that y* Forte and Militia bee put in that posture as may best secure 
 themselves against the Attempts of any Enemyes to his sacred Ma"® & his Eoyall Highness either 
 publicli or private. 
 
 If you find their ffeares too great, you may assure them an Expedient shall bee propounded, as 
 will infallibly secure their Doubts by locking up ye River soe that noe fEorce shall bee able to attack 
 tliem ; to that end I propound this ; In my travails I have observed (w"^*" I desire yon to take a 
 more strict observation of y® Scituation as you pass that way) at Antonios Nose upon the West 
 Coast there is in a Corner a piece of ground well watered, low, & very strong by nature, where if 
 a Block-house were but erected, & a Breast-work cast up to make a Battery, & but 4 Gunns 
 planted there. It would stop y' Passage of any Yessell or Vessells from passing up the River, y" 
 place lyes in an Angle w''" j-® Stream makes there, & y? Cun-ent Setts on that Shore, within less 
 tlian halfe Pistoll Shott ; This fForte being supplyed but with a douzen Men from Alhany & Esopvs 
 to manage y° Gunns & to afford some small shott must of necessity give a Stopp to any Vessell 
 from attempting their Designe, if this bee not thought a proper Place, any other may bee pitcht 
 in on y" East side of the River in the Highlands ; Provided y° Scituation bee naturally low & 
 capable to Erect a Battery & well watered. 
 
 You are to use yo' best skill and Industry to bring the Inhabitants to a complyance to a 
 voluntary Contribution towards y° Reparation of this fforte, their Mother & greatest Concern, & 
 you are to acquaint them of the readyness of these parts, & What Diligence is used to compleat 
 the same. 
 
 You are to call for the Ord" made Avhen -we were last there, & to see what is executed, & if 
 any thing happens anew to hearo and determine it. 
 
 AVhat is here directed for Alhany you may communicate to the £!sop^ls, still leaving the 
 manner & method to your prudent Determination. 
 
 Lastly as soon as conveniently you can dispatch yo' Affayres both publick & private I shall 
 desire yo'' speedy Return to mee againe, you well knowing how much I am destitute in your 
 Absence of any helps, and soe God send you a prosperous Journey & Retm-n. 
 
 Agreement between the Inhabitants of Schenectady and the Four Mohawk Castles. 
 
 On this Day the 3* of July 1672 did Appeare before me John Garretson van Marken, pub. 
 Notary admitted by the Worshippfull Co''' of A Ibany and the Inhabitants of Schenectady To- 
 gether with a sartain Indian called DoJwrywachqua & Crage, being the Representative of y° foure 
 Mohoakk Castells, Who declared & promised to hold finne & stable & will Cause to be held in 
 full force & vertue all and Whatsoever hee shall act & doe in The sale of y® Lands Lying Neare 
 The Towne of Schanhectade within Three Dutch Myles in Compasae on boath Sides of y* River 
 
Neio Yorh Historical Records. 465 
 
 Westwards which endes in Kinaquariones, Where the Last Battell was betwean tlio Mohoalx 
 and the North Indians, Provided that Jaacl'es Cornelissen shall have the tirst flatts or plaync 
 except the Inhabitants of Sclumhectade will Restore unto said Jacques CorneVmen two Rundlets 
 of Brandy and one hundred hand of Wampum, Which being payd unto s" Jaaques, The said first 
 Plajne is to Remaiue to the Towne, Wliereuppon Sander Leenders GeCen being a former Magis- 
 trate & John van Eps and 8weer Teunissen being y<^ present Magistrates of f s" Towne did 
 acknowledge & declare. That They were agreed with f s" Indian uppon y'' purchase of y^' Land 
 for y' summe or quantity of Six hundred hands of good wlieyte Wampum, Six Koates of Duffels, 
 Thirty Carres of Lead & Nine Bagges of powder, Wliich they do promis to pay unto Y^ s" 
 Indians in two Termes, viz. The First, as soon as the Sachems or any person by them authorized 
 shall Comme out of y^ Country & produce full power from theyr Inhabitants according to theyr 
 ITsuall Manner and have Thereuppon delivered unto y'= s" Indian as a present for the Old Man in 
 The MohoaliX Country a Rundlet of Brandy. 
 
 To the End all Misunderstanding & Complaint may be washt of and Remooved ; To the true 
 performance of tlie premises the s" parties have hereunto sett theire hands and was Intei-preted by 
 Cornelis Viele in the absence of Jacques Cornelissen, In Schanhechtade The date above written. 
 
 The mark \C of Dohoeiwachqua 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 The mark ^^ of Ceage 
 
 Sandee Leendeets Glen 
 John van Eps 
 Sweee Teunissen 
 Attested by me J. G. v. Maeken Not. Publ. 
 
 This day the lo*^"^ of July is payd unto the Indians above mentioned in jiarte of y" purchaze 
 foure hundred hands of Wampum, 30 barres of Lead, 3 bagges of jjowder More for a present 
 three ankers of good beere, one Koatt of duffels, together with the above mentioned Rundlet of 
 Brandy. 
 
 A" 1C72 The 13"^ day of July 
 Did the underwritten Indians appeare before us and do declare that they did confirme all and 
 whatsoever the abovewritten Indians named Tohoriowachque and Crage in the Annexed Instru- 
 ment have acted & do by these p''sents promise with the last payment to give all further Assur- 
 ance of the s* Land and that they and theyre heires shall desist from all further Claymes & pre- 
 tenses whatsoever. In witness whereof they have hereunto sett theyre hands in Schanhechtade 
 at the house of Oerrit Banner and in the presence of scverall particular Indians, the day and 
 yeare above written 
 
 The markc of yr Canachquo 
 
 The markc of f^ Ocquaeet 
 
 The marke of YV Toudkiowaohqce 
 
 Attested by me, J. G van Maeken 
 
 59 
 
466 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 An Oed" foe Capt. Lovelace, Me. Norwood, ifco ; to take a Survey of Staten Island. 
 
 These are to Authorise »fc Empower you Capt. Dudley Lovelace^ Mr. Andrew Norwood, & 
 Mr. Robert Rider, by the best skill & Judgment that you have to take a Survey of y" Bounds 
 & Lymitts of Staten Island, together with its Dimensions & Circumference, the w'^'' you are to 
 putt upon a Piatt, & make Return thereof unto me, And y* Justice of y'^ peace, Constaljle & 
 other Offic"' upon y' said Island are hereby required to bee ayding & assisting unto you herein, 
 as Occasion shall require ; And for what you shall Act or do'' in prosecuQon of y' Premisses, this 
 shall bee unto you a sufficient Warrant. Given under my Hand at fforte James in New York 
 this 22"> day of July 1672. 
 
 Council Minute. Teade at Schenectady. 
 
 At a Councell held at Fort James, Sept. 6'" 1672 
 ****** 
 The Commissaryes Letter about y^ handling at Schanechtide was taken into Consideration ; 
 It was brought downe by Capt. Salisbury ; There was also two Requests, one from Schanechtade, 
 'tother from Albany brought by Mr. Delavall made to him & the Commissaryes when above w"" 
 the Appostills thereupon. 
 
 For Schanechtide, it is Ordered, 
 That for Redresse of small Grievances by Trespasse, Debt or otherwise, they shall have a 
 Towne Court to try all such Causes to the Value of one hundred Guilders, the persons, who shall 
 try the same to bee two to bee nominated by the Governo'' out of three to bee chosen amongst 
 themselves annually, but for greater Sumes to have Application as formerly to the Co''' of Com- 
 missaryes at Albany. As to the matter of trade with Indyans or others there, they are to be 
 regulated by the Ord" made by the Governo' & Councell the last Summer at Albany till further 
 Ord^ 
 
 LETf" FROM Y*^ GovERNo" TO Capt. James Caetereti' OF New Jeesey. Sept, 18. 1672 
 S'. 
 
 I received yo"" Letf by y' hands of M'. Jones / y^ Contents were a narrative of what had 
 past between one of yo' Magisstrates & my Marshall ; I must confess I have heard something of 
 that Story though imperfectly ; neither did I give too much Credit to his Relation, finding him 
 to bee too much transported, w"''' I can attribute to noe other reason, then what he aveiTS, his hard 
 Treatm' ; Tis true, I employ'd him to forewarne all persons (that had not that common Civility 
 in them to desire Liberty of mee) to cutt & carry away Hay from Staten Island without my Ap- 
 proba9on ; but it seemes M^ Hopkins (whether in contempt or Derision) pr'um'd to make an 
 Essay, whither the Propriety belonged to his Royall Highness, or y° Lord Proprieto"^, & as my 
 Servant averrs, when that was y® Dispute, he was soe confident as to decide it theirs (for that was 
 the Terme) And upon that Conclusion perhaps us'd him more rigorously than some undecent 
 Reply of my Servant might meritt. S'" I hope there will not bee an Occasion of a Controversy 
 of the Title of that Place after 5 years possession, together with a lawful! Purchase of the Na- 
 tives, & not the least Contradiction from y* Lord Proprieto"; but if any pragmatick Person, out 
 
New York Historical Records. 467 
 
 of any Officioiisness or sinister Ends of liis own shall intermeddle in that Affayre, I shall assure 
 him to maintain my Eoyall Masters Interest to that i.laee, to the utmost of my Ability ; w' Jones 
 brought another Letter, but finding the Superscription to be M'". HojA'ins his Hand", withwhoni 
 I never had any Correspondence (neither desire I any) I refus'd the Aeeepta9on. ' I have noe 
 more at present, but that I am 
 
 Yo"' Immblc Servant 
 N. IMS Sep: 1672 p^_ Lovklace. 
 
 Lek to Cap''. Jaiies Cvkterett at Elizabeti! Towne in New Jersey. 
 Hon. S^ 
 
 I received yo-- Lre of y^ 12«' of Octob--, wherein you seem to eomplaine of a barbarous & mur- 
 therous Act (as you are pleased to name it) conuuitted on Y'= Body of yo"" Marshall, & at v" same 
 time, I am soUicited by M^ La Preary, and y" Deputy Governo-- Capt. Berry, who both are in 
 the nature of Exiles, not daring to return, the one to y" peaceable enjoyment of his Estate, pur- 
 chas'd by his hard Labour & Industry, the other from Exercizing that Authority of Deputy Gov- 
 erno'' in the Dispensation of Justice, and y" preserva9on of the Publiek Peace, according not onlv 
 to y" Oath hee stands oblig'd to, but likewise to that Trust lawfully invested in him by y^ Gov- 
 erno"- Capt. PJi.ilip Carterett. What to d.jo in this case, & to satisfy two different Opponents 
 might puzzle a greater Statesman than I pretend to determine ; yet when I reflect on y« Answ'' 
 you were pleased to returne to that Letf of ours, M'herein (mov'd out of tender sence of the In- 
 conveniencyes & mischiefs which were dayly growing to y^ hazard of y*^ efTusion of Christian 
 Blood, w^"" since has hapned, & wee having noe other Ayme then the peace & tranquillity of you 
 our Neighbo™ consonant to y" Commands of his Sacred Ma"", who enjoyn'd all Neighbouring 
 Colonyes toe nter into a strict Association w"" each other, that then (I say) \ou were pleased to 
 have soe little regard to those our kinde & friendly Proff", as in returne of an acknowledgm' of 
 those sentim'' of ours, you wondered wee should concerne our Selves in y' Affayrs of yo"' Governm' 
 since you never sought it in ours ; If soe you continue in those resolutions still, you have then an- 
 swered yo'' Selfe ; Neither doe I intend for y" future to concerne myselfe w"" yo" in any Publiek 
 Affayre, unless you undeceive mee by showing mee a sufficient Deputa9on from the Lord Proprie- 
 tor to act as a Governo'' w'''out w'''' I cannot safely adhere to you as a Publique Minisf but ab- 
 stracted from that. As you have had y'= large Experience of my Civility towards you, Soe (keep- 
 ing within that circle) }'ou shall allways fiude mee ready to acknowledge you as I desire to be by you. 
 
 1 o"' afl^ection"' Friend 
 Fk. Lovelace. 
 Oct. 13. 1672 
 
 I had forgott to acquaint yo" that y'' Prosecuto''" attempted to enter on Staten Islandm Quest 
 of M''. La Prery where if they had found him were resolved to carry him away w"'out my Leave. 
 I shall desire for y" future, you to refrayne that course, least you constrayne me to fetch them 
 back from you. 
 
468 Colonial Settlementa on the Hudson River. 
 
 A Pkiviledg^ granted to Cap'' Thomas Chambers, fok y*^ Eeecting ffox Hall 
 INTO A Manno^. 
 
 Francis Lovelace Esq' &c: Whereas Capt. Thomas Chambers Justice of the Peace at Eso- 
 pus hath beeu au ancient Inhabit' in those parts, where hee hath done signall & notable Service 
 in the time of the warrs against the Indyans, & having by his Industry in the time of Peace 
 acquired a considerable Estate, of which hee now stands possest, Amongst the rest having a Man- 
 sion house not farr from the Towne of Kingston commonly called ffox Hall, with a great Tract 
 of Land thereunto belonging, w"-'*" said House is made defensible against any sudden Incursion of 
 y*^ Indyans or others; In acknowledgm' of the Services heretofore done by the Capt. Thomas 
 Chambers^ & in part of reconipence thereof, I have thought fitt to Erect the said Mansion house 
 called ffox Hall & Land belonging to it into a Mauno'' to be known by y^ name of the Manno"" of 
 ffox Hall, the w"' shall for the time to come bee held, deemed, reputed, taken, & bee an entire 
 infranchized Manno' of it selfe, and shall allways from time to time have, hold, & enjoy life & 
 equall priviledges with other Manno" within the Govcrnm', & shall in noe manner or any wise bee 
 under tlie Eule, Ord'' or Direction of any Towne Court, but by the Generall Co''' of Assizes, or 
 as from time to time y° said Capt. Chainhers shall receive Ord" or Directions from y" Govern"" & 
 his Councell. Given under my hand & Scale at ffort JaTnes in New York this 16"" day of 
 Octob'' in y'' 24"' yeare of Ma''"=^ Eeigne, Annoque Domini 1672. 
 
 Lett" to Capt. James Caeteeett at Elizabeth Towne in New Jersey, Dated 22"' Octob : 1672. 
 
 S' 
 
 Before Mr. Delavall resolved to shake hands with Albany for this Winter Season, hee was 
 determined to kiss yours, & I have perswaded M"" Steenwyck & M"" Nicolls to accompany him, to 
 try if yet there were a possibility left by a fair & amicable Interposition to make up those 
 Rents w"^'' by y'' sufferings of some, & y^ Asperity of others (if not prevented) will grow past 
 their skill to close ; Neither can I dispaire but by this inconcern'd Interview (on their parts) but 
 to hope for a good Issue, & the rather in regard M"" Melyen & Baker when parting last from mee 
 returned to you with great resolutions of propounding such Expedients for a Generall Aceomoda- 
 (jon as might secure each party (by severall Propositions & Conclusions thereon) both of their 
 persons & fortunes, till the determinative Resolution of the Lords Proprieto" might putt a period 
 to all mistaken Distinctions on either side. S"' contrary to my once resolved Opinion of not 
 troubling either you or myselfe more on this Subject, I have (upon y" Address of very many of 
 your Inhabitants) adventur'd to make this last Essay, w* I wish may prove effectuall, that soe 
 whenever a Transmutation should succeed between my R : Master & the Lords Proprieto"'", I 
 might not present liim instead of a peaceable & well dispos'd Territory (such as I hope to have) 
 & in Exchange of that a Land only replenisht with Bryars and Thorns ; thus heartily wishing you 
 to make a Serious reflection on all the evill consequences that necessarily must attend those Dis- 
 orders, & that by yo'' prudence & Moderation strive to prevent them, that jiot only the Proprie- 
 to''" may be assured of their indubitable Rights, but the Inhabit'" of their Immunitys & ffree- 
 doms, w'^'' & w'^" alone is the Cordiall wish of 
 
 S-^ Yo"- Affec"'" Friend 
 
 Fk : Lovelace. 
 Fort James, Octob'" y" 22'' 1672 
 
jSfew Yorh Historical Jiecords. 469 
 
 Lettek from Kino Charles II to Jonx Berry, Depctv-Goverxor ok New 
 Jersey, directing him to enforce the authority of Lord John Berkeley 
 AND Sir George Cartereit. 
 
 Vkarles B. 
 
 Trusty & wellbeloveil. Wee greeto you well, having beeiic informed that some turbulent 6c 
 disaffected persons, Living & inhabiting within the Province of Cemrea or JSl'ew Jersey, The pro- 
 priety whereof wee have granted to our right Trusty wellbeloved Couiieello" John Lord Berkeley 
 of Stratton & Sir George Carterett Kn' &, Baronet, doe refuse to submit & bee obedient to the 
 authority derived from us to the s* L*" BerTceley & Sir George Carterett as absolute Proprieto" of 
 the same to the great prejudice of the s"* L''" Proprieto", the disturbance of the Inhabitants & 
 hindrances of the whole Planta^on there designed, "Wee doe therefore hereby require you in our 
 Name strictly to charge & comand all persons whatsoever inhabiting within the said province 
 forthwith to yield obedience to the Lawes &, Govemi' there settled & established by the s" L'*' 
 Proprieto'' having the sole power under us to settle and dispose of the s'' Countrey upon such 
 Termes & Condi9ons, as they siiall think iitt. And wee shall expect a ready complyance with 
 this our will vt pleasure from all persons whatsoever dwelling or remaining within y" fores'" Prov- 
 ince upon paine of incurring our high displeasure & being proceeded ag" w"' due severity accord- 
 ing to Law, whereof you are to give publick notice to all persons that are or may bee concerned 
 & so wee bid you farewell. Given at our Co" at WldteJiall the 9"' day of Decbr 1672 in the Si"" 
 3'ear of our Reigne. 
 
 By his Ma"- Comand 
 
 Henry Coventry. 
 To o' trusty & wellbeloved Capt. John Berry, Dep. Gov. of New Gesarea or New Jersey in 
 
 America & to his Council there. 
 
 Council Minute. Trading at Schenectady. Taxes on the Esopus. 
 
 xit a Councill held in Fort James Jan^^ 27'", 1672-3. 
 ****** 
 
 Jenffrou Curlers Peti9on from Schancchtadi desiring some ffavour about Liberty to trade 
 w'" the Indyans, in regard of her great Losse by the ffire. 
 
 Her Letf to Mr. BelamaU & another to Mr. Beehnan upon the same Acco'. 
 
 An Order theren]ion as followeth : 
 
 Upon y<^ Eequest of Arbtonia van Curler of Schanechtide p''sented to his Hono'" y' Governo'", that 
 having not long since received a very great Losse by ffire, shee may for her p''sent Reliefs bee soe 
 farr indulged as to have Licence to sell some Rurnm to y« -Indyans, as also some" quantity of 
 Powder & Lead ; The Premisses being taken into serious Consideracjon, It is Ordered, That in 
 regard of the very great Losse & Damage sustayned by the said Anionia van Curler in liaving 
 her House, Barnes & Come destroyed, as by her is sett forth, as also the Losse of her Husband, 
 Areiit van Curler, while hee was employed in his Ma""^ Publick Service, Shee, the said Antotiia, 
 his Widdow, shall have free Liberty <k Licence for y" space & terme of one whole yeare it two 
 Months after the Date hereof, That is to say, from tlie first day of Aprill next until) the 29'" day 
 of May w^" shall bee in the year" of o'' Lord 1674 to sell & disj.ose of to the Indyans or others in 
 or about Schanechtide in Rumme one hundred Anckers & in lead to the value of two hundred 
 
470 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Beav''' or 1000 "Weight ; But for Powder in this Conjuncture of time during the Warr, It's 
 thought inconvenient any Extraordinary Liberty should be granted therein. 
 
 By Ord-- &c. 
 
 The Matf of Difference between y* two Tappers at Schanechtide, not thought fitt any order 
 shall bee made therein further, this Liberty to the Widdow probably being a meane to defeat 
 both their Expectations. 
 
 Esopus Contrihidion. 
 
 The Commissaryes Letf to y^ Govern' about y" Contribution not yet ready, & a Request that 
 a Tax imposed about three yeares agone npon their Land, Working Horses & Cowes may con- 
 tinue to support the charge of the Towne, — Mr. Graveraets Letter for y' Continuance like- 
 wise. 
 
 The Ord"' thereupon. 
 
 Upon Considera9on had of what hath been represented to his Hon'' y® Govern'' by y^ Schout 
 & Commissaryes at y"" Esopus as touching their Voluntary Contribution towards the ffortifications 
 here and a Tax heretofore Agreed to bee imposed for y" time of three yeares, upon each Margen 
 of their Improved Land, as also upon their Working Horses & *Milch Cowes towards the defray- 
 ing y^ Publick Cliarge of their Towne, w"" said Time being now expired, they desiring a Con- 
 tinuance of the said Tax, npon the same Acco' as before ; Both the said Particulars having been 
 taken into consideracjon It is Ordered, That the said Yoluntary Contribution bee collected & paid 
 into Mr. Isaach Oraveraat, the Schout, in good Corne according to y" Intent & Meaning of the 
 Donation, otherwise it shall bee in the Liberty of the said Schout to refuse the same & constrayne 
 them to pay better. And likewise that y° former Tax npon y* Land, y" Working Horses & Kine 
 bee continued for two years longer or untill farther Order, beginning from the Expira9on of the 
 last three yeares. And for that there was y^ last yeare the Summe of sixteen hundred GuiW 
 allowed toward the Publick. Charge of the Towne out of y" Excize, It is also Ordered, That an 
 Acco' bee given to the Govern'' how the said 1600 GuiW^ & y" last three yeares Tax hath been 
 expended ; when consideraon will bee had, how the two yeares Taxe for the time to come 
 shall be disposed of. 
 
 By Ord'' etc. 
 
 That some particular Ord' bee sent to Capt. Chambers, who is exempted from being rated by 
 the Towne, in regard of his manno' — ******* 
 
 LlBEKTT GIVEN TO Mr. DeLAVALL TO ErEOT HEM A WaRE-HOUSE AT T* StRAND IN KINGSTON. 
 
 These are to certify all whom it may concerne that I have given free Leave & Liberty to 
 Capt. Thomas Delavall one of y' Councell to Erect or build a Storehouse or Ware-house adjoin- 
 ing to the Block-house at the Redmd>t near Kingston in the Esopus. either of foiirty or fifty ftoot 
 in length, and twenty or thirty ifoot in breadth, or such like Dimension as hee shall think fitt for 
 his convenience. Given under ray hand iXffort James in New York y' 19'" day of March in the 
 25"" yeare of his Ma"" Reign, Annoque Domini. 1672-3. 
 
Nero York Historical Records. 471 
 
 AjST Okd" about Y'^ MaxNO" of FFORDIIAM, VIz'^ that a Co"'' liEE KEPT THERE QUAE- 
 TEKLY, & THAT Me. Jn" RiDEB BEE StEWAKI) & PkESID^ 
 
 Whereas Mr Jn" ArcJier having obtayned a Patent from mee for a ccrtaine Parcell of Land 
 upon y" Maine (of w"'' hee had made Purchase) lyeiiig & being over against this Island 2Ian- 
 hatans, neare Spiting Devill, where a New Village is seated, & is called,/6>/Y/Aa?», imto y" w'^" 
 I have thought iitt to Grant y^ Priveledge of a Manuo'' & the said Mr John Archer being the 
 Principall Proprieto'' having requested of mee, That being y" Principall Proprieto'' for y" Decision 
 of Matters of Debt & Trespassc between him & his Tenants, or between one Tenant & another 
 there may be held a Court quarterly or as often as there shall bee Occasion, of W'' some Person 
 as Steward of the Manno" shall bee Presid' taking as his Assistants y° Constable of y' Place, & 
 one or two more of the discreetest of the Inhabitants ; The holding of a court there by y'' Con- 
 stable & Overseer being not practicable amongst them in their JSI ew Settlement, By these Presents 
 I doe well approve of y" Proposal! afore-mentioned, & doe Order that there shall bee held for y^ 
 said Manno'' of ffordham a Court quarterly or of tner if Occasion shall bee, the iirst Court to bee 
 on y* 24"" day of this Instant month when the Steward for the time being shall bee Presid' <fe 
 that hee take as his Assistants y° Constable of y' Towne, & one or two more of the discreetest of 
 y*" Inhabitants as afores'^ or neighbourhood, for the Decision of all Differences of Debt or Trespass 
 between the Landlord & Tenants, or one Tenant w"" another, according to y° Direction in the 
 Law & y" Priveledges in his Patent. And M'. John Rider being recommended by y'' s'^ Mr. 
 ^l/r/ie?' to bee Steward of the Court, I doe hereby Allow there of, the said Steward taking his 
 Oath to doe Justice in y* said Employm' between Man & Man according to Law & good Con- 
 science, & Kegulating himselfe as a Steward of a Manuo'^ ought to doe, for y* w"^"" as Occasion 
 requires hee shall have particular Directions from myselfe. Given under my hand at ffm't James 
 in N. York, this 20"" day of Aprill in y" 25"' yeare of his Ma'"" Reign, Annoque Domini 1673. 
 
 Council Minute. New Jersey Matters. 
 
 At a Councell in y** Fort May lo"" 1673 
 
 The Duke's Letf dated November 25'" read, relating to Nfio Jersey. 
 
 A Letf from y" Lord Berkley & S''. George Carterett to recommend y" Affayres of New Jersey 
 to the Governor. 
 
 Coll. Nicolls Patents of Elizaheth Town and Nevisans now made void by the Duke. 
 
 A Letf from y^ Lords Proprietors to Coll. Nicolls confirming his Patents before Capt. PMlijpf 
 Carteretts Arrival being objected, the State of y" Case to bee returned to His Royall Highness. 
 
 Council Minute. Introduction of English Laws at the Esopus. 
 
 At a Councell held in the Fort &c June 12"- 1673. 
 
 ****** 
 The Lett" from Esopus taken into Consideration about being Governed by Emjlish Lawes ; 
 Whereupon it was Ordered as followeth, viz' : 
 
 The Petition from severall of y° Inhabitan" at Esopushem^ taken into Consideracon, wherein 
 
472 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 tliey desire to have the Privilege & Benefitt of Eajoymeu'' of y" English Lawes Establisht by his 
 Koyall Highnesse & in practice ahnost throughout all his Territoryes, It is Ordered, that y'= 
 said Lawes shall bee settled & practized in y'= Three Townes of Esopus as in other Places, for the 
 w'^'' they shall receive particular Instructions. In the meantime y' Inhabit" of MarUeton & Hur- 
 ley have Liberty to make choice in each Towne by a double Vote of a Constable & Overseers 
 & returne their Names unto y^ Governour, who will out of them pitch upon the Persons to bee 
 Confirmed in that Employmen' for the ensueing yeare ; "Whereupon they are to take the Oath 
 prescribed in the y'^ Booke of Lawes before a Justice of the Peace for the Performance of their 
 Trust. 
 
 By Order &c &c. 
 
 Letter of King Charles II to Governor Philipp Cahtekett, directing him 
 
 TO SUSTAIN the AUTHORITr OF SiR GeOKGE CaRTERETT IN Kew JeRSET. 
 
 Charles R. 
 Trusty & wellbeloved. Wee greete you well. Whereas our right Trusty & wellbeloved Councell"' 
 Sir Oeorge Carterett, Kn' & Baron*, by grant derived under us, is seized of the Province of New 
 Cesarea or New Jerseij in America^ & of the Jurisdiction thereof, as Proprieto'' of the same, In 
 the planta9on of which s'' Province the s* S"" Oeorge Carterett hath beene at great Charge & Ex- 
 pence : And whereas of late great Troubles & Disorders haue hapned there by some ill affected 
 persons. Wee being willing and desirous to encourage the inhabiting & planting of the said Prov- 
 ince & to preserve the peace & welfare of all our Loving Subjects residing there. Wee doe there- 
 fore hereby require you in our name to use yo" utmost Endeavo''^ to prevent all troubles & disor- 
 ders here for y'= future & strictly to charge & command all p'"sons whatsoever inhabiting within the 
 s* Province forthwith to yield obedience to the Lawes & Governm' which are or shall be there 
 establisht by the s* S"". George Carterett, who hath the sole power under us, to settle «& dispose 
 of the s'^ Countrey upon such Termes & Condi9ons as hee shall think fitt. And wee shall expect 
 a ready Complyance with this our Will & pleasure from all persons whatsoever dwelling or re- 
 maining within the same, upon paine of incurring our high displeasure & being proceeded against 
 with due severity according to Law, Whereof you are to give publick notice to all persons, that 
 are or may bee concerned. And so wee bid you farewell. Given at our Court at Windsor the 
 13'^ day of June 1674, in the 26"' year of our Reigne. 
 
 By his Ma""' Comand 
 S"^. George Carteretts Arlington 
 
 Letter 
 
 To our trusty & wellbeloved 
 Philipp Carterett Esq"". Governo' 
 of New Jersey in Ainerica & to the Council there. 
 
 Copia vera compared w'" the original 
 
 James Bollen, Seer''. 
 
 I 
 
New York Hktorical Records. 473 
 
 Order allowing Elizabetutown, Newark etc. in New Jersey to rend dele- 
 gates TO SURRENDER THEIR TOWNS. 
 
 At a Meeting of the Noble Honorable Commanders and their lion'"'' Council 
 of War at the City Hall of this City of Ncw-Oranije on the 12'" of Auirust 
 A° 1673. 
 
 Commanders | <^''^^«^*« Ei^ertsen junior 
 [ Jacob Benches 
 Present -j Capt. Anthony Colve 
 Capt. Wicolas Boes 
 Capt. Ab. Fei'd. van Zyll 
 
 John Bacl-er, Jacob Ilelyn, John Oghdon cum socHs request as delegates from the villages 
 of Elizabeth Town, New Worl; Woodbridge and PiHcataioay, situate in tlie province formerly 
 called New-Jersey, that they may be allowed to send commissioners from their said villages, to 
 negotiate with the Hon*"" Commanders and Council of War in regard to the submission of their 
 villages to the sovereignty of Their High : Might :, the Lords States-General of the United 
 Netherland and his Serene Highness, the Prince of Orange ; also that no audience be given to 
 their former Governor, Capt. John Berry, until their commissioners had been first admitted. 
 
 It is ordered : The petitioners, namely the inhabitants of the villages of Elisabethtown, New 
 Worh, Goodbridge and Piscataioay have herewith permission given them, to send their commis- 
 sioners on Tuesday morning next following to negotiate with us. 
 Done at the City Hall of New Ora/nge, Aug. IS'", 1673. 
 
 Signed 
 
 cornelis evertsen the younger 
 Jacob Benckes 
 By order. 
 
 N. Bayard, Secr>'. 
 
 The Admirals and the Council of War upon further resolution dispatched the following order 
 to the remaining three villages in the same Province 
 
 To the Inhabitants of the Town of Bergen and the farms and settlements thereto belonging. 
 You are hereby directed and charged, to send commissioners of your town hither, in order to 
 negotiate with us on Tuesday morning next concerning the surrender of your village to the juris- 
 diction of their High Might : the Lords States General of the United Netherlands and his Serene 
 Highness, the Prince of Orange, or upon refusal we shall be compelled, to subdue your place by 
 force of arms. 
 
 Done at the Stadthuys of the City of New Orange, Aug. 12'", 1673. 
 
 cornelis evertsen the younger 
 Jacob Benckes. 
 By order. 
 
 N. Bayard, Secr>-. 
 
 (The same order sent to Middletown and Shrewsbury.) 
 
 60 
 
474 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Pkivileges granted to the several Towns in New Jersey. 
 
 At a Meeting of tlie Council of War held at Fort Willem Hendrik 
 Aug. 18% 1673. 
 
 On the request of the inhabitants of the villages of Elizabethtown, New Work and Piscata- 
 way, situate behind the Coll (Ac/der Coll) the following order is made : 
 
 The petition of the inhabitants of Elizahetlitown., New Work and Piscataway having been 
 received and i-ead by the Commanders and the Council of War, they direct, that all the inhabit- 
 ants of the said villages shall be allowed the same privileges and liberties, which are granted to 
 the born sulyeets and the Dutch nation, the petitioners and tlieir heirs shall further possess and 
 enjoy without molestation their lawfully bought and paid for lands, which the Governor is to con- 
 finn to them hereafter in due form. The boundaries of each village shall be settled by the Gov- 
 ernor and Council at a later date and orders to that effect shall be published. As to impressment, 
 no Englishman shall be impressed to serve against his own nation in case of war against his 
 Majesty of England, provided they comport themselves in such case quietly and peacefully, but 
 their ships and vessels shall be subject to it. Regarding inheritances they are to be ruled by the 
 laws of Netherland, but they may dispose of their estates by testaments as they think fit and in 
 case some are willing to withdraw from this territory with their property, they may do it within 
 the time of six months, provided they have paid their debts and obtained a pass-port from this 
 Government. Fui'ther, no person shall be allowed to settle under tliis Government except on 
 previous approbation by the Governor and lastly the petitioners are granted such freedom of con- 
 science, as it exists in Netherland. 
 
 The deputies from Woodbridge, Shrewsbury and Middletovm appearing before the Council 
 the same privileges are granted to their villages at their verbal request, all until further orders 
 from their High : Might : and his S. H. of Orange. 
 
 Council Mindte. Submission of East and Westchester with extent of the 
 jurisdiction of their courts. 
 
 At a Council etc. Aug. 21, 1673. 
 
 The deputies from Oostdurp alias WestcheMer and the neighboring farms, called East Chester, 
 delivered their credentials to the Council and stated further, that they submitted to their High : 
 Might: and his Highness of Orarige. They are directed, to have their people nominate by a 
 majority of votes and to present at the earliest opportunity a double number of names for magis- 
 trates of their said villages, from which we will select three magistrates, two for the village of 
 Westchester and one for Eastchester, who shall decide in their respective villages all cases up to 
 30 shill. English ; cases of greater value must be determined by the whole bench in the aforesaid 
 village of Westchester. 
 
New York Historical liecords. 475 
 
 Order on a Petition from the Esuits for the Governmext of 'iuat District. 
 
 In Council etc. Septbr. 1^', 1073. 
 
 The delegatus from the E.soj^us appearing iKimlcd u]* a certain petition, upon which the fol- 
 lowing order was made : 
 
 First. The petitioners shall send in a list showing the number of tiioir inliabitants and what 
 tliej can do towards the support of a minister, whicli ^vill be referred l)v us to our superiors. The 
 requested instructions shall be prepared by liis Honor, the Governor, at the earliest convenience 
 and sent to them. 
 
 Second. The population of the three respective villages shall together nominate three per- 
 sons for the office of Schout and three for that of Secretary, from which we will then select one 
 as Schout and another as Secretary for all these villages. The community of Swanenhuryh * 
 shall further nominate eight persons for Commissaries of their village ; Hurley and lldrhletoicn, 
 which have heretofore been under the jurisdiction of one court, may continue so until further 
 orders, but they shall also nominate and present to us eight persons, from whom we will make a 
 selection ; it is further recommended to them to make a nomination for chief-officer of the train 
 band and send it to us. 
 
 Third. The Governor will consider the question of the excise as soon as possible and the 
 consumption in the families of the petitioners is also recommended to him. 
 
 The fourtli point is granted to the petitioners and they are specially charged to take care, that 
 nobody be nominated, who is not of the Reformed religion. 
 
 5. Nor shall anybody be nominated, who is not at least well inclined towards the Dutch nation. 
 
 6. The article in regard to the extension of the said villages by farmers shall be referred to 
 our superiors, who, we have no doubt, will decide upon quickly. 
 
 7. It shall be recommended to the Governor to provide the petitioners in time of need with 
 the necessary amunition and militia. 
 
 The 8"' point abt>ut the retail sale of strong liquor to the savages is granted and the Schout 
 directed to see to it. 
 
 The present Magistrates are further directed to publish and affix the enclosed notice. Done 
 
 Appointment of Magistrates for the Villages behind the Coll. 
 
 The Lords Commanders &, hounor"''" Counsel of Warre of y'^ Neio- 
 Ncverlants residing mfurt Wlllem Ilendriek Ac. 
 
 Whereas wee have thought fitt & Necessary to di.scharge the forme of Governm'' late in prac- 
 tice here and to reduce it under the Stile of Schoutt <k Schepens, w<^'' is customary in our Native 
 Country, the United Belgick Provinces, Know yee therefore, that wee by Vertue of our Com- 
 mission from y'^ high & mighty Lords, y= States-General & his Serene highnesse, the rrince of 
 Orange &c out of y-^ nomination presented unto us by y" Deputies of Elisabeth Towne, Wood- 
 ridge Schi'oushury, New Workc, Piscataway & Middletowne have Elected & Established 
 
 Mr. John Ogden to be Schout ) ^^ ^^^^ ^,_^ resi.ective Townes. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Uophins to be Secretaiy \ 
 
 * Kingston, Ulster Co. 
 
476 Colonial Settlements on tlie Hudson River. 
 
 Giving & by these presents granting unto the s"" Jno. Ogden & Samuel Hopkins & each of 
 them full power, Strengtli & authority in their s'' offices, the Schout together with y" Schepens or 
 Magistrates of respective Townes to Eule & Goverue as well their Inhabitants as Strangers and 
 y° s* Samuel Hopkins to administer y'^ office of Secretary in y'' s'' Townes according to Lawes of 
 y« United Belgick Provinces and such Particular Instructions as they from time to time shall 
 receive from us & from our Govern" for y^ time being and wee doe hereby Strictly order & Com- 
 mand all y^ Inhabitants of y^ s* Townes to obey & Execute all such LawfuU Orders & Constitu- 
 tions, as shall be made by y" Schout & Magistrates for y* welvare of y* s" Kespective Townes & 
 he Inhabitants thereof. Dated Ut supra, Sept. 1, 1673. 
 
 Renkwal of the Peace with the Hackensack Indians. 
 
 At a Meeting of the Hon'''^ Commanders and the Council of War held 
 the IS'" of September 1673. 
 
 f Jacob Benckes ) ^ , 
 
 Cornelis Evertsen, the Younger ^ 
 Capt. Anthony Colve 
 
 The Sachems and Chiefs of the Hackensack Indians with about twenty savages requested 
 admittance and appearing before the Council stated, that they had been sent by the re- 
 mainder of their people, to ask the Commanders, that they might continue to live in peace with 
 the Dutch, as they had done in former times ; they declare, that on their part they are very desir- 
 ous of doing so and in token thereof about twenty dressed deerskins, two or three pieces of beaver 
 and a string of wampum were given by them as a present. 
 
 They were told, that their presents and propositions were accepted and that they should con- 
 sider the Government here their good friends as formerly. In confirmation thereof a present was 
 made to them in return of GJ dosyntjes of cloth, 12 pairs of woolen socks and five handfuUs of 
 powder, for which they gave their most cordial thanks and retired. 
 
 Census of the several towns m New Jeeset. 
 
 At a Meeting of the Hon"'^ Commanders and the Council of "War 
 held the 14'" of Sept. 1673. 
 
 Capt. Kmjf and Lieutenant Snel, having returned yesterday from the country behind the 
 Coll, report, that in pursuance of their commission they have administered the oath as prescribed 
 to the inhabitants of the villages, named below, and have found the population to be as follows, 
 according to the lists delivered to them. 
 
 Elisabeth Town, population 80 heads, of whom 70 have taken the oath, the others were 
 
 :nt. 
 
 New Work, pop. 86, of whom 75 took the oath, the others absent. 
 
 Woodbridge, pop. 54 heads, who all took the oath, except one, absent. 
 
New Ym'k Historical Records. 
 
 477 
 
 Piscataway, pop. 43 heads ; all took the oath. 
 
 Middletown, pop. 60 heads ; 52 took the oath, the rest were absent. 
 
 Shrewsbury, pup. 6S heads ; 3S took the oath, IS being Quakers, promised allegiance, the 
 rest were absent. 
 
 Minute or the Depaetuee of Mohawk Chiefs from New York. Schenectady Affairs. 
 
 At a Meeting etc held Septbr. IS'", 1673. 
 
 The Sacliems and Chiefs of the Mohawks appeared before the Council, having come hither, 
 to view the naval force under the Commanders and to report thereon ; they now request leave to 
 return, which is granted and a present of 8 dozens of handkerchiefs, 6 pairs of woolen socks, 3 
 cartridges of jjowder and 3 guns is given to them. 
 
 The petition of the inliabitants of Schenectady was taken up and read, they ask in substance, 
 that the privileges and liberties given and granted to them by the late Governor Stuyvesant be 
 confirmed. It is ordered. 
 
 The petitioners have our consent and permission, to enjoy their former privileges and liber- 
 ties, provided the same have not subsequently been countermanded by the said Governor Stuy- 
 msant and Council. 
 
 Order to the Magistrates or the Villages m the Nevesinks in regard to 
 approaching ships and for a new election of officers at Shrewsbury. 
 
 A letter was written to-day to the Magistrates of the villages, lying in the Isrvtsinks on the 
 sea-coast to direct that they and their inhabitants should speedily inform the Governor General of 
 the arrival of any ship from sea. 
 
 Whereas the Late Chosen Magistrates off Shrousbury are found to be Persons, whoes Re- 
 ligion will not Suffer them to take any oath or administer the same to others, wherefore thej- can 
 Nott be fitt Persons for that otfice, I have therefore thought fitt, to order that by y" s'' Inhabitants 
 off y" s"" Towne a New Nomination shall be made off four Persons off the true Protestant Christian 
 religion, out off which I shal Elect two and Continue one off y'^ former for Magestrates of y" s'' 
 Towne. Dated utt fort Willem Ilcndrlck this 29'" 7tember 1G73. 
 
 Signed. A. Colve. 
 
 Letter from Governor Colve to Schout John Ogden at Elizabeth N. J. on 
 Indian Affairs ; seizure of Gov" Caeteeets propeety in New Jeesey. 
 
 Mr. John Ogden : 
 
 Yesterday I sent you y" Instructions by y« way of Nno Worlv. Since that time I received 
 y"-' of y^ 29"" of Septb'. last and vnderstood out of y" same y= proceedings of yom- people with y' 
 Indians, of w^" I do wel approve and according to your desire I wil alsoe Endeavour that Satis- 
 faction may be given by j" Indians to y" owners, to w* End I have once more thought fitt, that 
 y" Indian Sachem be summoned to appeare before me to give me satisfaction about it and that y" 
 
478 Colonial tiettlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Messenger doth signify to liim, that I do much wonder that all y= Cheife Sachems hereabouts, as 
 also those of y° Mohaeks have bene here to present themselves unto me and that he only Eemains 
 Defective therein : wherefore I would willingly speake w''' him to know y"" Eeason and that I 
 promise him & his Company freely to Passe & Repas without any Molestation you may alsoe give 
 order what goods he hath Tendred or yett shall Tender to Restore y" People may Receive from 
 him and lett an acco' be sent nie what y" loss may be of y" goods, w'"" still are wanting. You are 
 also required to send hither by y" first opportunity the armes & other goods according to Inventory 
 formerly belonging to y" late Govern" Carterett and to Cause this Inclosed order of arrest to be 
 published in your severall Townes and to order y" severall Clarkes to returne an acco' thereof 
 unto you for to be presented unto me. And lett Mr. Hopkins Examin uppon what Conditions 
 y" Tennants are seated uppon the plantations of Capt. Carterett and ace' thereof Returned unto 
 me. Not Else att Present, but that I am 
 
 Dated at ffort Willem Your loving fEriend 
 
 Hendriok, li'" Oct. 1673. (Signed) A. Colve. 
 
 Obdee in Council on the Ptiechase of Indian Lands in New-Jeeset and on 
 THE Teade to the Esopus 
 
 At a Meeting in Fort Willem Eendrick etc, Thursday the 8'" of March 1674. 
 
 Received and read the petition of Bartholotneus Applegadt, Tlwmas Applegadt and Richard 
 Sadler requesting permission to purchase from the Indians a parcel of land, situate about two 
 Dutch leagues on the other side of the village of Middletown towards the Nevesings and suitable 
 to settle 6 or 8 families thereon. It is ordered, 
 
 The petitioners' request is granted on the condition, that after having purchased the land, 
 they shall obtain proper patents tlierefor and actually settle it within two years on pain of confis- 
 cation. Date as above. 
 
 ****** 
 
 Whereas several skippers and boatmen have reqiiested permission to sail with their sloops 
 to the Esopus and Willemstadt* , which would deprive this city, we fear, of sloops and weaken the 
 population, therefore in order to prevent this, the authorities of this city are directed to summon 
 before them all skippers and masters of boats and inform the same, that not more than two yachts 
 may go to Willemstadt and Esopxis and one to the Southriver, the same to be designated in turn 
 by lot, also that they must not take from here any passenger unprovided with a passport ; for 
 thus it has been decided necessary for the welfare of this city. Date as above. 
 
 Council Minute. Oedek appeoving an Oedinance made by Middletown. In- 
 dian Claim on Secaucus Island, N. J. 
 
 A certain ordinance was handed in on behalf of the Magistrates of Middletown, directing 
 that no inliabitant should be allowed to leave their village imless he gave bail to return, as soon 
 as he had done his business or unless he was engaged in the service of the place etc. They ask 
 
 * Albany, N. Y. 
 
J^ew York Historical Records. 
 
 479 
 
 for its approval by his Honor, the Governor-General. The ordinance ha\nng been read and 
 considered the Governor and Conncil order: No inhabitant can bo prevented from chancin-'- his 
 residence within this pro\nnce, nnless he is arrested for lawful reasons : but no resident of the 
 village of Middletown shall be allowed to leave without having first given notice of it to the 
 Magistrates. 
 
 The Councillors, Messrs Comelis Steenwyck and Cornelis van Euyven have to-day heard, by 
 order of the Governor, the claims made by some savages, that Sioakus, a small island lying back 
 of Bergen, had not been sold, but only Espating and its dependencies and that tliey were now re- 
 proached by the other savages for having sold land, which did not belong to them. Tlie contract 
 of sale was thereupon examined and after hearing further debates, it was found, that the said island 
 was included in the sale made in January 1(358, but not in the sale of Espdt'mg. After Saartie 
 van Borsim had interpreted and explained the matter to them, they said, tliey liad not known it 
 and represent, that they were now entitled to have an anker of rum, wliicli the parties in interest 
 to give them to avoid fm-ther trouble. Date as above. 
 
 Pbopositions of tuk Mohawks to Goveenok Colve and his answer. 
 
 Answers by his Honor, the Governor: 
 
 To the first, "Whereas they say they come here 
 
 as to brothers, who are of their own flesh and 
 
 blood, we receive and welcome them as such 
 
 and 
 
 Propositions made to his Honor, the Governor 
 General of New-Netherland hy the Mohawk 
 Chiefs from the two nearest Castles, situate 
 above Fori Nassau* and called, the first Kaghe- 
 newage and the second Kanagaro, interpreted 
 by Jan Jansen Bleycker and Hendrick Lans- 
 ing. 
 
 First they say, they have come here as to tlieir 
 brothers, as the Dutch at Nassau and here 
 have always been of one flesh with them and 
 they give notice tliat they are going to four 
 nations to renew their peace. They give a 
 string of wampum. 
 
 His Honor has been well pleased by the re- 
 newal of the covenant at Nassau last fall and 
 he will take care that the Butch shall duly ob- 
 serve it. 
 
 They say, last fall tlicy have made a new cove- 
 nant with the Dutch at Nassau, they come 
 now to conflrm it and give a string of wampum. 
 
 They are thanked for their offer to assist the 
 Dutch against the French and other enemies 
 and a promise is given that they shall in like 
 manner be protected against invasion by tlieir 
 
 enemies. 
 
 * Albany, 
 
 They say, that if the French should come as 
 rumor has it, to attack the Dutch, they will 
 march out with tlie Dutch and live and die 
 with tliem. A string of wampum. 
 
 N. Y. 
 
480 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 i i 
 
 The answer given is, tiiat his Honor, the Gov- They express their pleasure seeing, that his 
 
 ernor, has built this fort and fortiiications ex- Honor, the Governor, has built such a strong 
 
 pressly with a view to keep off all enemies, yet fort here and hope that this country shall be 
 
 he is grateful for their affection and good defended by him against all enemies and that 
 
 wishes. no other nation will again become master of 
 
 it. They give a string of wampum. 
 
 5 5 
 
 Whereas they are sent out and are going to They say, they were sent out to some other 
 
 some other nations, his Honor, the Governor, nations to renew their covenants and intend to 
 
 wishes them a happy journey and good sue- pass through here on their return, therefore 
 
 cess in the renewal of their covenants with they ask permission to come and give a string 
 
 these nations : they have permission to come of wampum, 
 here on their return. 
 
 6 6 
 
 His Honor, the Governor, believes that when They say, that at Nassau they had asked to be 
 
 they came down, there was no yacht at Wil- brought down in a yacht, but at the time there 
 
 lemstadt to bring them here, but after having was none at Nassau and as they are old men 
 
 done their business with the other nations and they request, that upon their return they may 
 
 returned here, they shall receive a token of be taken up the river in a yacht. 
 his friendship and be taken up to Willemstadt 
 without expense. 
 
 Done at Fort Willem Ilendrick in New-Netherland, May 22", 1674. 
 
 FuETHEE Transactions with the Mohawks. 
 
 At a meeting in For't Willem Hendrich, held by his Honor the Governor General 
 Anthony Colve and the Council of War, June 5"", 1674. 
 
 The Maqtiaes Sachems, who left here on the 22* of May last past, returned and appeared 
 to-day before the Council, requesting, that they might now be taken in a yacht to Fort Nassau, 
 as they had been promised. They ask further, that, as for some time past neither they nor all 
 other savages have been allowed to remain over night at Willemstadt, this privilege might be 
 given to them, they being the brothers of the Dutch, also that some orders concerning trade 
 might be made, so that they could buy as formerly a duffel coat for one beaver and all other goods 
 in proportion. Lastly they promise to remain faithful to the Dutch, their brothers, for all times 
 and say, that in order to increase their strength and power to resist all enemies, they have drawn 
 their three castles into one. They give hereupon two strings of wampum. 
 
 His Honor, the Governor, answered, that according to promise they should be taken to Wil- 
 lemstadt by the first yacht going up the river and he gave them a letter, directing the Commis- 
 saries to show to the Maquaes, as the brothers of the Dutch, all possible favor. As to the high 
 price of goods, he said, the same was caused by the long and wearisome wars in Europe, but as 
 soon as peace was reestablished and the Dutch can ship large quantities of goods from the Father- 
 land, then they will sell them as cheap to the Maquaes, their brothers, as possible. Three duffel 
 coats, two packages of gunpowder, about 20 pounds of lead, one pair of socks and a hat was then 
 given them as a present and highly satisfied they left. 
 
New Yorh Historical liecords. 481 
 
 Lettee from Governor Colve to Isaac Gkevenraedt Sciioi-r at Esoits, diuect- 
 vm uiM To sukkendek that place to the English. (Novbr. lO, 1GT4.) 
 
 (Sec N. Y. Due. History III, p. 77) 
 
 An Ord". of Attachment on Governo" Lovelaces Estate, on Staten-Island. 
 
 Whereas I have received particular directions and Order from his Royall Higlinesse, to inform 
 mjselfe what Estate, reall or personal!, there is in these Parts, belonging to Colonell Francis 
 Lovelace, late Governo"' here, and to possesso myselfe of the same, in his Royall Highnesse name 
 and to his use: These are in his Ma_""^ name to will and require you, forthwith to lay at Attach- 
 ment upon the Houses and Plantacjon upon Staten-Islmul, lately belonging to Colonell Francis 
 Lovelace, as also upon the Water Mill sett up by him, and Lands there unto appertaining, to- 
 gether with the Horses and Cattle which may be found upon the said Island, or any other Goods 
 there, of the said Coll. Lovelaces, the which shall bee prosecuted by due course of Law, on behalfe 
 of his Royall Highnesse, against the said Coll. Lovelace, for Moneys and Arrearages of Moneys 
 or Goods, due unto his Royall Highnesse ; And for so doing, this shall be yo' Warrant, Given 
 under my hand & Scale in JSi'ew York, the IS"" day of November, in the 20"" yeare of his Ma"''^ 
 Reigue, Anno<|ue, Domini, 1G74. 
 
 E. Anbros. 
 To M' Thomas Walton, Constable upon Staten-Island, who is to make returne of the Service of 
 
 this Attachment, at the next Court of Sessions, to be held at Gravesend. 
 
 Petition of Jurian Theunissen and others for Peemission to PirECHASE Indian 
 Lands at Katskil. 
 
 To the Honorable Schout and Commissaries of Albany, Rensselaer wxjch etc 
 
 Show with due reverence Jurian Theunissen, Herman van Gansevoort and Gerrlt Theunissen, 
 that they, the petitioners, are desirous of pui-chasing some lands in Katshil, the refusal of which 
 the Indians, who are very willing to sell, have already given them and considering the difhculty to 
 earn a living by trade or a profession, they intend to settle there themselves with their families 
 and cultivate and plant the said lands. The petitioners therefore humbly request and pray, to 
 have liberty given them, to purchase the said lands, promising to submit to all such orders, as are 
 made in such cases. Awaiting a favorable reply etc they are 
 
 Your Honors' well-inclined subjects 
 
 Juki Jan Teunissen 
 Hakmen Hakmense Gansevoort 
 The mark of s^ GEEErr Theunissen 
 made by '/j\ himself 
 {In margine .•) The Court refers the petitioners to his Honor, the Governor-General of JVew 
 York; if his Honor gives them the desired liberty, this Court has no objection to it. 
 Albany, December IT"" 1674. By order of the Court 
 
 Johannes Peovoost, Secretary. 
 61 
 
482 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 The Govern' doth consent vnto & allow of the within written purchase, Provided the Pur- 
 chase' doe forthwith settle it as they ought & not hinder others by having greater Quantityes, 
 then they can improve. 
 
 A Letter sent to the Inhabftants of Huelet and Maebleton. 
 Gent. 
 
 I received yo' Letters and addresses of the 4"' of January, and shall not bee wanting in main- 
 taining every ones just Eights and Priviledges, But thinke I had sufBciently Authorized Capt. 
 TJiomns Vhamhers as Justice, and Mr. George Jlall as Schout in your Towne, as well as Kings- 
 ton • Nor do I finde upon due examinaQon, any ground for yo'' late Scruples or Actings ; How- 
 ever I haverein forc't my former Orders, to the which I do expect a punctuall obedience, for his 
 Eoyall Highnesse service, and the good of all the Inhabitants, and that you beware of any Partyes, 
 factions or discontents, amongst you, which I shall in no ways Suffer. When I come up (whicli 
 I hope will bee this Summer) I shall give further Orders, in what may bee then necessary, I am 
 
 New Yorh, January Yo"' affectionate ffriend 
 
 11'" 1674-5 E. Andeos. 
 
 A Letpee wErrrEN to the Inhabftants of Kingston at Esopus. 
 Gent. 
 
 I received yo" of the 2d instant, that all things are well and quiet in yo' Towne, I thank 
 you for yo' care therein ; I thinke the Magistrates being discharged from their Oathes, is a Suffi- 
 cient discharge for all otliers in yo' Towne ; However, if yo" thinke it necessary, you may appoint 
 a Generall Towne meeting where M' Greveraet according to Orders, may declare it to them all ; 
 As to the Militia, I have appointed Capt. Thomas Chambers, to Command till further Order ; 
 For the Peace you mention with the Indyans, you will do well to renew it, as hath been Custom- 
 ary formerly : I do intend to see you this Summer, and give all necessary Orders for yo' future 
 good Settlement. I do againe recommend unto you, the caref ull exercize of yo' Charge, and shall 
 bee ready upon all opportunities for yo' welfare, to testify my being 
 
 New York, January Yo' affectionate ffriend 
 
 IS'" 1674-5 E. Andeos. 
 
 Indiajst Deed for Land in Geeene County. 
 (Fort Orange Records. Vol. Deeds 3.) 
 Before me, Johannes Promost etc, appeared an Indian, by the Dutch commonly called Scher- 
 merhoorn, who in his own behalf and specially authorized by another Indian, named Siachemoes, 
 declared in the presence of the Hon"'" Mr. Oerrit van Slichtenhorst and Adrian Gerritsen, Com- 
 missaries, that he cedes, transfers and conveys to and for the benefit of Jan BronTc, his heirs and 
 successors a certain piece of land at Katskil on the northside of the Kil, called by the Indians 
 Paskaecq, lying under a hill to the West of it. Etc etc. 
 
 Done at Albany the 25"^ January 1674-5 
 
 Gerrit van. Slichtenhorst This is the mark (3-Tl of the Indian. 
 
 Adrian Gerretsen called Schermeehooen 
 
 In my presence 
 
 Johannes Provoost Secr^ 
 
j\&w lork IL'fjturwal Records. 433 
 
 Tn7-. OkDER for KEICPIXG TITE CoUliT AT FOKDIIAM. 
 
 The Govenio' having given Permission, that the usual] Couit of the Mannor, slioukl be held 
 at Fordham, according to the Triviledges of the Patents, and former Practise, It is Agreed upon 
 that the Court shall be kept at M^ Archer. House, on Wednesday come senight next, bcin./tl,e 
 3-1 day of March, of which you are to give notice to all Persons concerned, wlio^nav have businesse 
 there; Dated at NewYorhe, the IS"" day of fiebruary, 1074-5. 
 
 T Mr /?• /<i /' r' ,11 i.- ^. 77 Mattuias NicoLLs Seer, 
 
 io M^ Itich'^ Oaij,', Constable ot JfonUiam. 
 
 Present ■ 
 
 Council Minute. Indian Affairs. 
 
 At a Councell April! 16"', 1675. 
 The Govorno'- Mr. Lanr<nm 
 
 " The Secretary Capt. TI'"' Dyr>'. 
 
 The letters from y'' Commissaryes at Alhany and Propositions from the Maques Indians to 
 them w"" the Answer being taken into Considera9on 
 
 Kesolved, That y"^ Mcujiies Indyans bee encouraged in their Loyallty & friendship to y° 
 English & y'= French to bee sent to, not to molest them without Cause and forthwith to release 
 any Hostages they may have of theirs; Engageing to intei-pose or help (for due satisfaction to bee 
 given from y"" J/a<^?«»s to the 7^/v»cA) upon all just occasions requiring. 1\\e ffrench Covcrno"' 
 promising the like for y" Natives in their Limitts. 
 
 That y' Jesuit or other French i-esideing with the Maqnes bee sent for to y"" Governo'' at his 
 Arrival! at Alhany, to give an Ace' of his being & Actings in those parts and if to Continue, to 
 give sucli Assurance, as is proper, fur his future Comport. 
 
 A Letter sent by the Governo" to the CoMjnssARTEs and Scnorr of Axba:nt, 
 
 APRILL THE 10^", 1<;75. 
 
 Gent. 
 
 I have received yo"^ of the 8"" instant, togetlier with the inclosed Copyes of the Maques 
 Indyans Proposiyons and desires, of a continued ffriendship; To which (as you liave already told 
 them) I shall give effectnall Answei-s, when I come up ; wliicli will be about the beginning of 
 June, upon my returne from Delaware, where I am now preparing to go ; In tlie meane time (as 
 you may have occasion and thinke it necessary) you may furtlier let tlie Maques Indyans know, 
 and assure tliem, that if they bee not wanting themselves, I shall not on my part, in continuance 
 of the ffriendsliip, liath been hitherto w'" them, and also interposing with the ffrench, or any other 
 Neighbour, in any just matter, nor shall suffer any to come to Fsojms, Alhany and Precincte, or 
 any other his Royal! Highnesso Territoryes, for the Prosecution of any Indyans, under the Pro- 
 tec(;on of this Government : And so I pray be not wanting on yo"" Parte in taking Care that all 
 Indyans have faire and just dealings in yo"' Jurisdic(;on till my arrival!. I am Gent. 
 
 Yo' afifectioiiate ffi-icnd, 
 
 E. Andros. 
 
484 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 A Letter to Cai't. Chambers ajjd George Hall of the 24™ Apeill, 1675. 
 Gent. 
 
 Heer having been a late rejiort of the Murther of two Christians about the S"' day of this 
 Moneth, between the Nemsans and Delaware River, of the which the Governo' was yesterday 
 advertized by L'^ from thence, sent hither expresse; And the South Indyans of those parts, 
 having been lately somewhat troublesome to Strangers, and have refused to deliver up the Mur- 
 derers of those two other Christians, killed by them the last yeare, as they were Travelling this 
 way, upon p''tence of two of theirs being killed, which wee finde to bee no other then by accident 
 and through their occasion, I am Ordered by the Governo'' to give you notice thereof, and the 
 rather for that its also represented to his Hono'^, that the Sopez Indyans are in Combina9on with 
 them, the truth of which latter report, you are desired forthwith to make inquiry into, and know 
 of them whether they will concerne themselves with tliem, in ease we should be obliged to use 
 force, to bring them to Keason, and to returne Answer thereof to the Governo"' by the first con- 
 venience, or by expresse, if you shall finde occasion ; The Governo'' did on the 20* instant make 
 a Peace with three Sachems of y" Nevisans and adjoyning, having about 30 in company with 
 them; And they did also engage, that they would neither assist, Harbo"' or have any thing to do 
 with tlieir Neighbo" to the Southward, or any others that might bee our Enemyes ; The Gov- 
 erno'' is resolved for Delaware, either this day senight, or Monday following, accompanyed with 
 40, or 50 men : As to a Message you may have had from Albany, of the ffrenoh menacing yo'' 
 Indyans, the Governo'' hath writ to Albany, That hee will not suffer the prosecution of any 
 Indyans, within his Hoyall Ilighnesse Territoryes, whilst they shall continue under the Protection 
 of this Governm' ; But if there shall bee occasion, will bee willing to interpose in any Just matter. 
 This is all at p''sent from Gent. 
 
 Yo'' most humble Serv' 
 New Yorh April the 24, 1675. Matthias Nicolls. 
 
 A Proclama(;on about the Indyans and making op Block Houses. 
 
 Whereas there hath lately been severall Eeports, or rumours spread, of the Indyans Evill 
 and mischevous intents and readynesse, to execute it against the Inhabitants of tliis Government, 
 particularly lo7ig Island, which hath very much disturbed the mindes and the Lawf ull occupapons 
 of his Ma"^" Subjects in the same ; And where as iipon a strict Examina9on, there appeares no 
 Evidence or cause for such reports, but the contrary ; These are therefore by the Advice of my 
 Councell, in his Ma""^^ name, to require and charge, all his Ma""^ Subjects, of this Government. 
 Christians and Indyans, that shall know or heare any thing, of such a Publicke nature, forthwith 
 to repaire and give a full Eela^on thereof, to the next Magistrate, or Cheife Officer, And the said 
 Magistrate or Officer, to take the Examina9on and give necessary Orders or notice, and send mee 
 a present Account there of as the thing may require. 
 
 And where as it is necessary to keep watch and ward, All Magistrates and Officeps, of tlie 
 severall Townes & places within this Government, are hereby required to see y" same continued, 
 and punctually performed ; And where there is not a Block House, or some Stockadoed or Palisa- 
 doed House or Place, That tlicre bee one forthwith fitted, in the most convenient place, in each 
 respective Towne, for a Retreat to the women and children ; Into which, ourlndyan women and 
 Children, to bee also received & Protected, if they desire it ; And that all our Indyans bee 
 friendly treated, and have equall Justice, according to L:iw ; Of which, all Persons are to take 
 
New Yorh Historical Recoi-ds. 485' 
 
 notice, and eonforme themselves there unto accordingly, as they and every one of them will Answer 
 the contrary, at their utmost Perille : Given under my hand in New Yorke, this 16'" day of 
 Sept, in the 27"" yeare of his Ma"" Reigne, Anuoque Domini, 1G75. 
 
 To the Mayo' and Aldermen of this City &c. 
 
 Council MmuTE. Encoueaoeiment of immigration : Staten Island Land Matters. 
 
 At a Councell August 5"" 1675. 
 Present ; The Governo"', The Secretary, Mi-. J. Lawrence, Capt. BrocMiohs, Capt. Dyre. 
 
 Upon a proposal! to give publiek Notice, what Encouragement will bee given to persons, y' 
 shall come out of Europe hither to inhabit & plant in this his Eoyall Highnesses Province. 
 
 Eesolved, That every Freeman shall have for himself y= Proporpon of 60 Acres of Land of 
 Inheritance & for his wife and every child 50 Acres per head and every working servant, that 
 sliall be brought over, shall have each of them 50 Acres after the Expira9on of then- service 
 according to y'' Custome of the Country. 
 
 A Copie of this was sent for England by George Ileaihcott. 
 
 Staten Island bnsinesse taken into Considera9on. 
 
 Ordered that each Lott of New Land upon Staten Island after 3 years, shall pay 4 bushels of 
 good wheate, encluding Commonage & Meadow. The old Lotts to bee free from any payin', but 
 what shall bee added to them of new to pay proporQonably. 
 
 Ordered, That all persons, who have Warr'^ for Land upon Staten- Island doe make applica- 
 tion to y' Surveyo'' to have their Lands laid out in six weeks time after y*" Date hereof and y° 
 Survey to bee returned into y" Secretaryes office in the Fort, in Order to their taking out Patents 
 for y" same, otherwise y" Warr'^ to bee voyde. 
 
 That eight rod be layd out for a Highway for Outdrifts and Ijy y"' Sea Side six Lotts to 
 joyne together. 
 
 Ordered, That all improveable Uplands being layd out, tlie Meadow ground to be layd out 
 next proportionably. 
 
 That somewhat of Improvem' be made by eacli person in one yeare, an Improvement accord- 
 ing to Law in three. 
 
 The Neck of Land Capt. Billopp is upon, is judged to bee about 1300 Acres. 
 
 Ordered, That he have the whole Neck allowing halfe to be divided into Lotts, y° rest to be 
 allowed for Commonage, so to be entyre unto him, but then he to have no Commonage upon y° 
 rest of y^ Island ; — That a Survey thereof be made to know the true Extent. 
 
 By the Goveeno". Instructions for the Commissartes of SrHANECTAnE. 
 
 1 You are to keep Court, the second Tuesday in every Moneth, and oftner (if there be occasion) 
 to which all Persons are to have free accesse, and all Cases to be heard and detennincd Publickly 
 and impartially. 
 
 2 You are to Act in the Adininistra(;ou of Justice, according to Law and former Practice, not 
 
486 Colonial Settlements on the Hvdson River. 
 
 Repugnant to the Laws of tlie Government, and to determine definitively, to the vahie of 40 
 Gilders Beavers ; Above which, to admitt an Appeale to the Court at Alhany, and in Crime, you 
 are to Judge as farre as putting in the Stocks, or fSne, not exceeding fforty Guilders Beaver. 
 3. Tou are Authorized to make necessary prudenciall Ord", or by Lawes, which are to bee ob- 
 served, but presently sent to the Comander at Albany ; And if not otherwise determined, or dis- 
 approved, to bee of fforce, till the next Gen"" Court, M'hen (if not confirmed) to bee void, if con- 
 firmed to continue till the next Gen"" Com-t after that, or Order from the Governo'' Gen"". 
 
 4 You are not to make or Raise any Cotisa9on or Taxes, on the Inhabitants, without the approbaQon 
 of the Governo'' Gen"" unless in Case of emergent occasion or necessity, with the knowledge and 
 consent of the Commander at Albany ; And all Taxes or Le\'yes, to bee yearly accompted for, at 
 the next Gen"" Court, and then sent to the Governo'' for his approba9on. 
 
 5 The Gen"" Court is to consist of the Commander at Albany, and five or more of the com- 
 missarj'es of Albany and Colony of lienslaerswyck, and two or more, of the Commissaryes of 
 Sohaneotady, to meet and sitt once a yeare, to begin the first Wednesday in June, and to deter- 
 mine all Cases under five hundred Guild". 
 
 6 As per Instructions at Alhany, you are not to Suffer any Traders, or to have any Indyan 
 Trade, for the Indians in yo'' Towne, nor any Liquo" to bee sold, but in the Licensed Houses, which 
 to be Limited as to the Indj-ans, not to exceed one or two Drams, and Beer to refresh them, under 
 Penalty of forfeiting all such Trade and Drinke in the Houses, and further fiine or Punishment, 
 by you, or the Court at Albany, (if above 40 Guilders) as the Case may deserve. 
 
 7 The Gen"" Court is to Choose yearly, two Commissaryes of Albany and Renslaerswyck, and 
 one of Schanectady, to go to Yorl^e, and Assist at the Gen"" Com-t of Assizes there. Given 
 under my hand at Soha/nectady, this SO'" August, 1075. 
 
 E. Andbos. 
 
 CouNCELLS Opinions concerning Coll. Nicholls pattent and Indian purchases. 
 
 The Land Called N. York & other parts in America now called N. East Jersey, was first 
 Discovered by Sebastiam, Cobbitt a Subject of England in King Ilenery j' 7"" time about 180 
 years Since & aftei-wards further by S'. Walter Raleigh in y' Reign of Queen Eliz. and after him 
 by henery Hudson in y" Reign of King James and also by the Lord Delaware & begun to be 
 planted in y^ year 1614 by Dutch & English the Dutch placed a Governour there but Upon 
 Complaint made by the King of England to y* States of Holand the s* States Disown'dy^ Bisness 
 & Declared it was only a private Undertaking of y^ West India Company of Amsterdam So y® 
 King of England Granted a Comison to S''. Edward Layden* to plant these parts Calling them 
 If^eio AUnon & y" Dutch Submited themselves to j" English Goverm'. but in King Charles y* 1*' 
 Reign y"" troubles in England breaking forth the English not minding to promote these New 
 plantations because of y® troubles y" Dutch pretended to Establish a Gover' there again untill y* 
 year 1660 when afterwards it was Reduc'd under j' English Goverm* & included & Ritif^-ed in 
 y° peace made between England & Holland then it was granted to y" Duke of YorTc 1664 who 
 y" same year Granted it to y" L* BarcUey & S'' George CaHrett betwixt y* Dukes Grant to y* 
 L"* Barchly & S'' George Cartrett and Notice there of in Amsrica Severall persons took Grants 
 of Lands from Coll. Nicolls j" Dukes Goven'. Severall of y® planters have purchased of y° In- 
 dians bat Befusc to pay 'any acknowledgment to y" Kings Grantees. 
 
 * Ployden, Kniglit, Earl-Palatiiir of New-All>ioii. See N. Y. Col. Doc. I. 289. 
 
 J 
 
New York llidorieal liecords. 487 
 
 Q: 1^' Wither y" Grants made by Coll. Nicolh are good ag' tlio Assigns of y" L'' BerckUij 
 ' & S' Georye Cartrett. 
 
 Q: 2"'' Wither the Grant from f Indians he Sufiicieut to any planter witliout a CJrant from 
 y* King or his Assignes. 
 
 Ans. 1"' To y* first Qnestion the Authority by which Coll. Nicliolh Acted Detci-mined by y'' 
 Uukes Grant to y" L'* BercUy & S' George Cartrett & all Grants made by him Afterwards (tho 
 according to y" Comison:) are void for y" Delegated power w* Coll. Nicolls had of making 
 Cirantes of y* Land could Last no Longer then his Ma""^ Intrest who gave liim y' power & ye 
 having or not having notice of y" Dukes Grant to y'' Lord Bereldy & S' George Cartret makes no 
 Difference in y" Law but y'= want of Notice makes it Great Equity y' y° present proprif" Should 
 Confirm Such Grants to y° people who will Submit to the Conssions & payments of the present 
 l)roprioters Quitt rents other wise they may Look Upon them as Desseizers & treat them as such. 
 
 Answ. To the 2'* Question by y" Law of Nations if any people make Discovery of any 
 Country of Barbarians the Prince of y' people who make y" Discovery hath y' Eight of y° Soyle 
 ■ & Goverm' of y' place & no people can plant there without y" Consent of y' Prince or of Such 
 Persons to whoni his Kight is Devoulved & Conveyed the Practice of all Plantations has been 
 according to this & no people have been Suffered to take np Land but by y" Consent & Lycence 
 of y" Gov' or proprietors under ye princes title whose people made y" First Discovery & Upon 
 tlieir Submition to y' Laws of y** Place & Contribution to y° Publick Charge of the place & y" 
 ]iayment of Such Pent & other Value for y* Soile as y*' Propriet" for y" time being Pequire and 
 tho it hath been & Still is y" Usuall Practice of all Propriet" to give their Indians Some Kecom- 
 pence for their Land & So Seems to Pm-chase it of them yet y' is not done for want of Suflicient 
 title from y"^ King or Prince who hath y'' Right of Discovery but out of Prudence & Christian 
 Charity Least otherwise the Indians might have desti-oyed y'' first planters (who are usually to few 
 to Defend themselves) or Refuse all Conmierce and Conversation w"" y° planters & thereby all 
 hopes of Converting them to y° Christian faith would be Lost in this the Common Law of England 
 and y"* Civill Law doth agree and if any Planter be Eefractoiy & will Insist on his Indian Pur- 
 chase and not Submit to this Law of Plantations y® Propri" who have y° Title Under y" Prince 
 may deny them y'= benefit of y" Law & Prohibitt Comerce with them as Opposei's & Enemys to 
 y" Publick peace. Besides tis Observable y' no man Can goe from England to plant in an English 
 Plantation without Leave from y" Goverm' & therefore in all Patents & grants of Plantations 
 from y"' King a Particular Lycence to Carry Over Planters is incerted w""" Power in Prohibitting 
 is now in y" Proprie" As y* Kings Assigns, and therefore tho Some planters have purchased from y° 
 Indians yett having done Soe without y° Consent of y" Propriet" for y" time being y" title is 
 good against the Indians but not against the Propriet" without a Confirmation from them 
 upon the usuall terms of Other Plantations. 
 
 W" Leck — Jo. Holt — 
 
 W" Williams — W" Thomson 
 
 Jo. HoLLEs — Rion" Wallop 
 
 JouN HoYLE Hen. Pollexfen 
 
 A true Coppy. 
 
 Garvin Lawkie. 
 RoB^ West 
 
488 
 
 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson liiver. 
 
 Assessment Roll of West & East Chester in 1675. 
 
 Gardener 
 Isaac Ditarman 
 Will"" Shippard 
 Joseph Tailor 
 John Wintar 
 John Ginhy 
 Jo,q>h Palmar 
 ,Sann,,] I'ahnar 
 Rick' 0-.hu a 
 Widow Plat 
 Thomas Mulcucx 
 Ward Hulard 
 John Turnar 
 Nicies Bayly 
 Robt. Huested 
 John Wily 
 Torn. Seahruck 
 John Firis 
 Timothy Wintar 
 Nathan Bayly 
 James Ryly 
 John IlitchcocTis 
 RicM Pontun 
 F™ Colard 
 Thos Farington 
 Thos. Vaill 
 Edward Watars 
 Miles 0. Kely 
 Divide Gwritson 
 Joseph Hunt 
 John Hunt 
 Francis Peats 
 Consida,r Wood 
 Thos. Hunt S" 
 John Forgasonn 
 RoV Maning 
 Thos. Hunt J^ 
 John Richard 
 Tom Baxter 
 John Palmar 
 Josiah Hunt 
 
 viae. land. 
 
 2 4 
 
 2 4 
 
 Meadow. Sheep. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 20 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 14 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 14 
 
 22 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 
 33 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 2i 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 50 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Westchester Sept the \'2}^ 1675 
 
 By mee Edward Watar 
 
New Yorli, Hidorical Records. 489 
 
 Parsons 
 
 Satmiel Drake 
 
 horses. 
 
 Oxen. 
 
 4 
 
 Cows. 
 
 3 
 
 3yr.oU 
 
 3 
 
 I- 2yrs. lyr. Swine. 
 
 2 2 3 
 
 land. 
 
 14 
 
 Meadow. Slieep, 
 
 12 
 
 Sam Drake J' 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 John Drake 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 - _ _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 W"' Hayden 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 4 1 4 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 Moses Hoyt 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 4 1 6 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 Nathan} Tonkins 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 C 
 
 6 
 
 John Hoyt 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 2 1 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 John Jacksonn 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 7 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 John Goden 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Ehenesar Jones 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 10 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 lilcM Hedly 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 TF™ Squire 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 Samuel Ooden 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Thomas Sherwod 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 John Tomkins 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 liich'' Shoot 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 2 2 8 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 David Oshun 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 1 4 10 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 Philip Pinkny 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 3 9 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 John Pinkny 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 John Helyard 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Estchester 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The list of John 
 
 I Richardson Estate foure Oxen Eai^ht Couese Six three yeare 
 
 oulds foure 
 
 two yeare oulds three year 
 
 ■lings one 
 
 hors one 
 
 mare 
 
 seven swine twenty eakei 
 
 •s of meddow three 
 
 eakers of upland. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Westchester 
 
 ' Valuation bro 
 
 ught in L; 
 
 yW 
 
 Palmer Sept 16 — 1075. 
 
 Ex rate £22 5sh 8d 
 
 An Okd" to M"^ George Hall to ENQurnE after Pttblicke Debts, due at Esopus 
 
 Whereas there are severall Publicke Debts, standing out, of Goods exposed to Sale, and other 
 dues, in and about the Esopus ; These are in his Ma"^' name to Authorize you, M" George UaU, 
 SiierifEe of Esopus, to make diligent enquiry there into, and what shall come to yo'' knowledge, 
 that you cause the same to bee secured, and give mee Acco' thereof ; And for so doing, this shall 
 bee yo' "Warrant : Given under my hand in New Yor-ke, this 13'" day of Octob", 1675. 
 
 E. Andros. 
 
 Council Minute. Purchase of Indian Lands at Schenectady. Schenectady affairs. 
 At a Councell Octbr. 15'^ 1675. 
 Present The Governo' 
 
 The Secretui-y, Capt. Dyre, 
 Mr. Philips. 
 Sanders Leenderts Glen and Lodovicus Colez, Sellout of Schenechtade, produce (with a request 
 from their village) severall papers relating to an Indyan purchase &c made Anno 1672, somewhat 
 
490 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson liiver. 
 
 before the Surrend'' of this place to y" Dutch and desire a patent for y'' land three miles of each 
 side of the Eiver. 
 
 Tliey desire twelve miles farther, which they pretend to have purchased and malce severall 
 other proposalls. 
 
 In answer whereunto, It is resolved as followeth, viz'. To y° first Proposall : That they may 
 have a Patent for y° Land about and above Schanechtade, but their appearing no leave from y" 
 Governour to buy the same, nor a full Information of the Premises, It is to be suspended for y' 
 present, but no one else shall have a Grant for that land before them, In meane time it may con- 
 tinue in Commons as formerly. 
 
 The boweryes or farmes of Schanechtade are to ])ay for each of them conteyning 20 Morgans 
 & so propor9onably four Bushells of winter wheate p' Annum as a quitt Kent. 
 
 To y° 2'' concerning their Priviledge of Trade or handling with y® Indyans : 
 
 The Governo" Order made above to bee observed. 
 
 To y^ S**, That they may bee excused y* paym' of their Burgers Packt or Excise att Alhany 
 & may be admitted to pay it at Schanechtade. 
 
 It is Ordered, That y° Packt or Burg^' Excise upon Liquors for Schanechtade being not well 
 to be distinguisht at Alhany, It is not thought fitt to make any Altera9on therein, but those of 
 Schanechtade may have liberty to take an others Burgers Packt at home, over & above y® former 
 for drinke, that shall come there, as is practised at Albany, the which to be disposed of by the 
 Magistrates for publick Charges, they being accomptable for y^ same to y® Generall Court at 
 Albany, as for any other their publique moneys, so to be sent to y" Governour for his appro- 
 baQon. 
 
 To y^ 4"', That they may have leave to impose a tax or Quotization to pay present Debts or 
 defray publick Charges. 
 
 Ordered, That y^ Magistrates of Schanechtade shall at this time have liberty to impose and 
 levy upon y^ Inhabitants there the 300"' penny for those uses. 
 
 To y° last, That they may have a peculiar Scale for their own particular afEaires relating to 
 their ToM'ne. 
 
 It is likewise graunted and that a Scale shall be made and sent them withy" first Convenience. 
 
 Leit" feom the Gov.eno" to Esopus, ttc ; 
 Gent. 
 
 I have just now received yo" of the 16"' Instant, and think you have done well to putt yo'- 
 selves in a fitting posture for all Events, & securing the Goods & Come of yo' Out-ffarms, w'"" is 
 also done in these parts, where all is quiet, but have a Rumour, That Stanford Indyans are in 
 Arms, but have done noe harm : However It's thought they have noe good Intent in it. I doe 
 not know that I have any Brass Gunn of yours, but if you have Occasion shall notwithstanding 
 bee ready to send you one or more such Iron Gunns as are here, the least of which is a Small 
 Saker ; and if I can will gett and fitt up a Petrara for Capt. Chamhers, having none in the ffort 
 ready, & the Sloop in hast not to loose their Tide. I am 
 
 Yo'' affec^'" ffriend 
 N. Yorke Octob. 19'\ 1075. E. Andeos. S. 
 
New York Historical Recoi-ds. 491 
 
 Tuesday y° 27* instant is appointed a day of Humiliation and Prayers to Allmio'ht}' God for 
 the continuance of liis Blessings to us; -whicli day is to bee punctually observed thorow the whole 
 Goverum', & for which you are to give Orders accordingly. 
 
 LErrER TO THE GoVERNO" OF MaRTLAND. 
 
 I writt to you lately by a Ketch of this place, giving you an Acco' of my return from 
 Albany, & state of things here, & of my Engaging Maquos & Sinn.ekes, not anyway.s to injure 
 any Christians to the Eastward, & particularly in yo' parts Southward, in their Warrs with the 
 Susqtiehanna^s ; but others apprehending it would bee difficult to restrain those People, especially 
 Young Men, when soe farr abroad, & Opportunityes, I did endeavor to bee rightly informed of 
 things relating to that "Warr, & found that the Susquehnnna's being reputed by the Mnqites of 
 their Off-Spring, that they might bee brought to joine Peace, or Concorporate again, and soe take 
 away the Occasion of those Mischiefe or Inroads, though I find still the Sintieqices wholly adverse 
 to it ; desiring their Extirpa^on, but hearing now of Indyan Troubles w'''' hath lately occasioned 
 raising fforces in yo' parts, I have sent this Bearer expresse to wait on j'ou herewith ; And if it 
 bee by the Maques or Sinneqxtes againe to offer you my Service according to my former and this 
 Letter, which I hope ife beleeve may bee effectuall, if taken in time. And therefore pray yo' 
 Answer & Eesolves as soon as may bee : And if you think good would desire some from the 
 SusqueKcmnas to come to mee as soon as can bee, that so E may Order Matters accordingly. "Wee 
 are (I thank God) Tery quiet, not the least stirr or Attempt on any part of the Government. 
 However have made all ffitting Preparation for all Events. I am 
 
 S^ IV ilost humble Servant 
 N. Torle OctoV 21'^'- 1G75. E. Andkos. 
 
 Council Minute. Indian Affairs. Esopus. 
 
 At a Councell Oct'- 24'^ 1675. 
 Present 
 
 The Governor 
 
 The Secretary Capt. Dyre 
 
 Mr. Fre,l. I'luUip^. 
 
 4f * * * * * .» » * 
 
 Letters being brought from y" Commissaryes at Allany by Mr. Knapton, who had been 
 Commander there, concerning a peace newly made or renewed by them at the ffort betweene y" 
 Maques and Mahicanders Indyans, though without leave. It is Ordered to be kept. It is likewise 
 Eesolved, That there be at this juncture a prohibition of selling powder & lead to any Indyans 
 whatsoever at Albany, Unlesse it be to y" Maques »fe S'mnehes, The same to be under y" penalty 
 of one hundred Guild" beaver for each quarf of a pound & so propor(;onably for more or lesse or 
 Corporall punishment, extending to life as the Case may require ; Except allowed by the Com- 
 mander himseLfe under his hand to some adjacent Mahicander Indyan well knowne to himselfe 
 or Magistrates, the quantity of one quarter of a pound for y" jiresent hunting or to some few such 
 Indyans, who shall be knowne by them to be designed for y" beaver hiintiiig. who may by the said 
 
492 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Commander be allowed one pound with Lead Propor9ionable. This ProhibiQon to continue for 
 y° space of six months after this date. 
 
 It is also Ordered & Resolved, That y" like Ord" be sent up to Esojms, Only the alteration of 
 the words (Mutatis Mutandis) Instead of y' Comauder the Justice or Cheife Officer to be incerted. 
 
 Upon y" receite of a letter from y^ Esopus, relateing their great apprehension of y" Indyans, 
 
 It is Resolved, That y'= Magistrates there be checkt for their needlesse feares and they are all 
 ordered to keep at their usuall habitapons & places of abode, both at y^ distant Villages & Out- 
 farmes, untill more apparent Cause to y" Contrary. 
 
 Ordered, That y° Magistrates doe give a present Ace', what is meant by the Indyans offering 
 to deliver up y'^ Articles made betweene Coll. Nicolls and them and who spake of it first, whether 
 private persons amongst the Indyans or Sachems. The Agreem* in y" said Articles sett forth 
 having been renewed with those Indyans this very Spring and themselves having no autliority to 
 alter or make either Peace or "Warre, nor to treate of either in y"" least, but to do theu" dutyes in 
 continuing things as they are. 
 
 Petition of Inhabitants of Tonkees, pkating to be excused from joining the 
 
 PEOPLE of FoRDHAM IN CASE OF AN InDIAN INVASION. 
 
 To the Eight honorable Edmund Andros Esq"' Gov' Gen" under his Eoyal Highnesse of all 
 his Territoryes in America. 
 
 The humble petipon of John Heady Inhabitant of the place called Yonkers 
 Za/)id, on the behalf of him and his neighbours consisting in 4 Familyes. 
 
 Sheweth with all Submission yo'' bono" Pef living at a distance of a Long mile from the 
 Towne Fordliam as that being comanded by M'' John Archer proprieto'^ of the said Towne Ford- 
 ham, to come hee and his neighbours into his Towne and there to make Such Fortifica^ons as hee 
 Shall order, But yo' bono" Pet" and his neighbours being removed from the said M' Archer his 
 Towne above a mile, and we being strong enugh (or thought so) to resist this heathenish warr, 
 having a good and Strong blockhouse : And to remove and retire their Selves to Fordham 
 Should bee but an occasion of prey 'to the Heathens. 
 
 Therefore it's yo' bono" Pet" humble Request that hee and his Neighbours may not bee 
 bound to leave their houses, and goods and to please the humours of the said M' Archer and 
 thereby perhaps to loose all what they liave : But that yo' bono' bee pleased to graunt to yo' 
 bono" Pet'^ and to his Neighbo''" to joyne togather and to make Such defences as (with the lielpe 
 of God) to Secure them Selves. 
 
 Yo'' bono" Pet" and neighbours being at all tymes ready to be helpfull to their neighbours 
 in a Christian way, Shall expect from yo' bono' an order which shall be observed from 
 
 To' bono" humble Pet'' 
 
 Which shall euer pray. 
 No"" 8, 167.5. 
 
 Ordered &c. 
 
 Whereac a peti^on liatli been presented unto the Governo' by John Heddy on the behalfe of 
 himselfe & the other Inhabitants upon the plantation at Younckers Land that in regard of their 
 distance from the Village of Fordham,, & their having for the defence of their wives & children 
 already a wooden Blockhouse at their owne plantations & they may be excused from the giving 
 assistance to tlieir neighboui-s at Fordham about their Fortiiications, These are to certify that 
 
Next) Yorh Historical Reconh. 493 
 
 Inliabitants tipon the Younckers land are by the Go : order excused from any further worke at 
 Fordham they being vigihiut at their owne place and keeping watch upon all occasions. 
 
 Dated in N. Y. this 8 : day of Nov. 107.5. 
 
 Copies of Certificate given by mee to John Ileddy by the Goveruom- to excuse them from 
 working at John Archers Fortification. 
 
 A Lettek WErrTEN to the Magistrates at Esopus. 
 
 New Yorke, January 6^" lfi75-6 
 Gent. 
 
 I rec" both Yo"^ of the 25'" past, and am glad you are quiet, and in so good a posture for all 
 Events, in w"" I pray continue yo"' vigilancy, And that no Christian show any appreheii9on of 
 feare or Danger ; You'l do well as you men9on, and as is usuall, to send to the Indyan Saclie- 
 uiacks, for confirming the fEreindship, according to the Agreement : The weather hath been so 
 hard, that wee have not heard anything from the Eastward, almost this three weekcs ; When a 
 Ship from London^ was arrived to Road Island, and some others there bound to this Place ; As 
 also a Boston Army &c marcht against the Narrogansett Indyans, who are reported to have 
 great Success, but no certainty ; I doubt not but will heare from time to time, from Alhany, 
 according to which, you are to Order yo'' selves in this Juncture, giving mee notice upon all occa- 
 sions. I Pray faile not to take care of the Wheat, which I am to have upon M'' llinvieles Acco' ; 
 As to the Dutch Debts, I can determine nothing in it, untill I see you, or have a more particular 
 Ace' of the same ; I doubt not y"' care, and then (God wilhug) all will do well with you, remaining 
 
 Yo'' loving ffriend 
 
 E. Andeos. 
 
 Council Minute. WEsrcnESTER Indians. Indian War. 
 
 At a Cuuncell, Fcl/ 20'" 1675-6. 
 
 Present : 
 
 The Govcnu/ 
 The Secretary Oapt Di/re 
 
 Mr Fred, rhllips. 
 Upon reading Governo" Coddhir/tov's letter and Considera(,-on of other letters & returncs of 
 messages from other Colonyes : 
 
 Resolved, That it is not adviseable at this juncture to make any application or send any 
 friendly message to y" North Indians, but if they apply themselves, not to refuse hearing of them, 
 The other Colonyes viz' y" Massachusetts, Conecticott & Plimouth principally engaged in y" 
 Warre not having made us acquainted with their concernes and some of them slighted our 
 friendly tenders, to contimui our Endeavours as Christians and y" Kings subjects, for y*^ good of 
 this Governmen' without ferther application to the said Colonyes. 
 
 Eesolved, That y° Goveruour goe forthwith to Albany to settle matters there, It being of 
 verj' great import. 
 
494 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 That y° Wickerscreek Indyans, if they desire it be admitted with their wives & children, to 
 plant upon this Island, but no where else, if they remove & y' it be upon y® North point of y" 
 Island neare Sj)iting Devill ; The s'* Indyans to be protected comjjorting themselves as they 
 ought and all our other Indyans round, doing y^ like, to be assured of Protection. 
 
 Tliat a letter be written to y'= Govern'' of Roade-Island to acquaint him with y^ Govern" 
 going up to Albany to take order there, having notice of y° Maques Indians being moved in 
 a warrelike manner against y° North Indians : That y° Govern' hath not time to write now in 
 answer to y" particulars of liis letter, but shall have all due regard to them, of w* he shall give 
 him an Act at his returne. 
 
 Order DraECTiNO Lieut. GERurr Tehnise to pursue Phillipp or other North Indians. 
 
 By the Goveruour. 
 You are hereby authorised and required, with the Indian Guide ordei-'d w'" you, forthwith 
 to goe eastward, & the furthist pairt of the Governm', or as farr as Caneticut river, to finde out 
 Phillij) or other north Indians, Lately within this Governm' and Lett him or other Sachems or 
 Commanders in Chief know, y' having heard of there being in "Warrlike Posture, intruded and 
 brought some Christian Prisoners in our Pairts, I have therefore sent you to demand the said 
 Christian Prisoners, brought by them into this Goveriun', and to Command and forewame them, 
 from, or returning into any Pairt, of the Government, or Confines. If they should be divided, 
 into severall partys or Parts, you are then as you see cause, and have opportunity, to goe to each, 
 but to make no Longer stay, in any, then to deliver your messadge, and receive Such Prisoners as 
 they shall deliver, and refresch and rest your self, and without delay to return and make the best 
 of your way to me. Given under my hand and Seall in Albany the 4"* March 1675-6. 
 
 "Was signed E. Andross. 
 
 Aggrees w"" y" Prineipall, Quod attestor 
 
 R. LrviNosTON, Seer. 
 To Gerrit Te-unisse Leift to Cap'. Volckert. 
 
 Council Minute. Exajiination of Westchester Indiajjs as to their intention 
 TO JOIN King Philip. 
 
 Present : Comand' Brockliolls etc. 
 
 March 29*, 1676. 
 
 The Indyans of Wickerscreeke having beene sent to the 27"" ins' come now this day here. 
 
 Their names are WissakaTie & Amone the two Sachems Sent for to come. 
 
 The occasion of their sending for was upon a Letter from y' Go : intimating a mistrust of 
 them by report above. 
 
 M^ Sam. Edsall Intel■pret^ 
 
 The matf being told them by the Interpref they deny to have said or thought of juyning or 
 treating with North Indians or others not friends to this Governm', under whose protection they 
 desire to live, according to their Engagement w"" y'' Gov. 
 
 The Sachems had each of them a Councell with tliom, without whom they were not willing 
 
New York Historical Records. 495 
 
 to S])eake. They declare rather to Suffer either by Christian or Indyan, before they stirr then to 
 offer any liarnie to any they desiring to live quietly. 
 
 They promise when tliey certainely know of any disturbance or like to bee, they will give 
 notice to y*^ Go. & they hope to have notice from hence of any hurt intended against them, 'and 
 they promise to bee true to their Engagem' to y^ Go. Tliey desire as before from W. Philips to 
 liave leave to come upon this Island & here about Oystering. 
 
 They are promist to have a Note to certify that they have liberty, behaving themselves as 
 tliey ought. 
 
 They desire liberty to send some young men with Canoes to TVr. Pells for the Kemainder 
 of their Corne, (having had but one halfe from thence already) & to fetch about halfe a dousen 
 old men, women & boys from Greenwich that they left behind them. They are told, wee shall 
 speake to y" Govern"' about it but referre it to ^ Go., who wee dayly expect. They say they shall 
 stay till then, when they will come againe. 
 
 Upon their friendly Comport, & foe that they came so willingly being sent for. They are pre- 
 sented with a Coate for y* 2 Sachems. 
 
 They pretend not to expect or desire them, their hearts being good without them, but tliey 
 being desired to accept of them for that reason receive them. 
 
 They are appointed to goe to Thomas Laurens the baker on Penrle Streate to stav all niii:ht. 
 
 An Order about the out F^vemes belonging to IIueley and Marbi.e-Towne at Esopus. 
 
 Whereas there are severall Farmes on Planta^one, belonging to Hurley and Marhletmone, in 
 Esopus, Seated Scatteringly, beyond or over that River or Kill, which not being convenient at 
 any time, and a Gen"" inconvenience, prejudice and great Charge, to all tlie Inhabitants of those 
 parts, to maintaine an extraordinary ffence, many Miles Long ; And the said Farmers or Planters 
 Houses, being also very unlitt and Beggarly ; I have therefore (by Advice of my Councell) 
 Ordered, and do hereby give notice, that all such ffarmers or Planters do with all convenient expc- 
 dipon, remove and provide themselves convenient Houses, within the said Townes of Ilurhy or 
 Marble-Towne ; And that no Cattle bee turned loose over the Eiver, on Penalty of forfeiting the 
 same ; And the Magistrates and Officers of Esopus are required to cause this Order to be Pub- 
 lished, put in Execution, and duly Observed ; Given nnder my hand in New Yorlce, this 10'" day 
 of April, 1G76. 
 
 £. Andkos, S. 
 
 To the Magistrates of Esopus, to bee forthwith I'ublished and put in Execution. 
 
 Minute of a visit to the Governou of two "Wickeescreek Sachems. 
 
 Aprill U, 1676. 
 There appeared the two Sachems of the Wickersereek Indyans that were here last in y' Go : 
 absence. 
 
 They desire to know of the Go : how matters above at AIJ>^ are with y" Indyans, for that 
 they have had no News of it. The Go: tells them that when hee came up hee found the 
 
496 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Maques retiu-ned from following y^ North Indyans, that the MaMcan" were fled, but hee sent 
 to them to come backe & that one of y^ Mahican" going over being taken by the Maques hee 
 demanded him & being delivered sett him free, that some of them were come backe upon the Go. 
 promissing the protection if they should come, & stay if they wanted land that hee would supply 
 them. That hee left all well there. 
 
 That the Gov. coming at the Esopus the Sachemackers were with him — & all things were 
 well there also, «fe that some of them desiring laud by the Redoubt Creek the Go : consented to 
 it. They pretend they would come upon this Island or any where neare, but being neare y'= 
 Christian plantations their Cattle & horses would allways bee trespassing upon them. 
 
 Its answered if they receive Injury they may complaine & shall bee relieved. They are 
 expected to linde out some Necke easy to secure either upon this or Long Island. They pause 
 upon it ; After desire to joyne w"" the Stamford Indyans & to plant upon a Neck at Wickerscreeke 
 together & that they may have liberty to fetch some come from Stamford that they left. Its a 
 fallacy, & in no way belongs to them, they are ofEered all freedom of fishing or Oystering any 
 where hereabouts. 
 
 Their farme at Stamford is offered to bee bought. They will come again 10 days hence. 
 
 MiKUTE OF A MEETING HELD WITH WaTATTANOC, WiCKEESCEEEK AND StAMFOKD InDIANS. 
 
 Apr. 27, 1676. 
 
 Present — The Councell, the Mayor & Some of the Aldermen & others of w""" 2 Justices. 
 
 Severall Indyans appeared before the Governo" in the Fort. 
 
 They say they belong to a place called Wayattano, at the head of Stratford Eiver, with them 
 were some of Wickerscreeke & some Stamford Indyans. The Sagamore of Wicker seer eeke, Wes- 
 secanoe came with them. They declare themselves to bee good friends & desire to continue so 
 & make a present of about ten deere skin, a beare skin & 4 small beavers, given at three times 
 repeating their desire of friendship, The Governo' accepts of it, & promises protection to them 
 within this Governm' but will not undertake any thing w'" out. 
 
 That hee had heard from the Wickerscreeke Indyans that they are good Indyans, & now finds 
 them so, & they may have all friendship & freedom here, so long as they behave themselves well. 
 
 The Governo'' presented them with three Sachems Coates, one to the Wickerscreeke Sachem, 
 the other two to the two cheife from Stratford river. 
 
 I 
 
 Council Minute. Indian Affaies. 
 
 At a Councell, May y» 29'% 1676. 
 ** * * * * *** 
 
 Ordered, That all North Indyans, that will come in may be protected & a stop to be put to the 
 Maques farther prosecuting s** North Indyans. 
 
 At a Councell May 30'S 1676. 
 Resolved, The Govern'' being intended for Albany the next weeke & Capt. Th). Delavall 
 being now goeing up. That he be desired & authorized as soon as hee arrives there, to communi- 
 cate it to Serg' Sharpe, the present Command', & with said Shar^e, by means of Arnold* the 
 * Arnold Cornelissen Viele, for many years a famous Indian interpreter. Ed. 
 
Netv York Histork-al Records. 
 
 497 
 
 Intei-preter, send word to the Maques and Scnnel-es of y' Govern" said coming and tliat lie desires 
 & Orders, that some of tliem will meeto him there and particularly CarHcmty ; The said Mes- 
 sage to be sent by a Maques from Alhany, who is to he well paid and no further menr/on to any 
 others or talke thereof at Alhamj ; Also to send word by some good Mahicander Eastward (who 
 is likewise to bee rewarded), that all Indyans, who will come in & submitt, shall be received to 
 live under the protection of the Government and that the Govern' will bee there as afore, where 
 any of them may freely come and speake with him and returue againe, as they see cause without 
 Molestation. 
 
 Memorand". That the ffrench do receive North Indyans under their Protection, and its 
 said, that five hundred of them are already there. 
 
 That the Governm' of ConecticiM hath likewise made an order, at their late Gen'^"' Court, 
 That any Indyans, that will come in, shall be received, have land assigned them & be protected 
 under their Government. 
 
 MmUTE OF INTERVIEWS BETWEEN THE GoVERNOE ANT) SuSQUEHANNA InDIANS. 
 
 At a Meeting in the Fort of some Siisquehamia Indyans from DeUware 
 the head of y" Bay & those parts, haviui;- beene sent for bv the Gv: 
 June 2"* 1676. '' 
 
 Conaeheowecdo, ) „ o i 
 Sneedo. \ ^ ^'^c^'^^'^s- 
 
 Jamh The Go. tells tliem they are welcome & hee is glad they have come hither to see 
 
 LoocTiennaih him, & saith that if hee can doe them or any of their Nation Courtesy hee will 
 Interpref doe it. They are told that if they wiU come & live any where within the Gov- 
 
 Mr. Ednall ernm' the Go : will protect them, but cannot undertake it at great distance. 
 
 also pres' but The Governou'' saith he hath spoken to the Maqus already about them, and 
 understands they told him these were their brothers & children. 
 
 them not well The Goveruo" bids them to thinke w' hee can doe for them with tUe Maques 
 nor Mr. Stij'h : now at his going up, (w"'' will bee in few days). That having licard a good Re- 
 V. Cortland. port of them hue is sorry from his heart of their trouble, and would willingly help 
 They speake them out. 
 
 Maques. They are wish' to goe cate & Drinke & thinke upon w* they have to say, & 
 
 come ilgaine tomorrow. They are told further that if they are afraid & not well where they are, 
 if they will come into this Governm', they shall bee welcome & protected from their Euemys. 
 
 That the Go : will take Care the Maques & Sinnehes shall bee at peace with them & will also 
 make peace for them with Virginia & Maryland. 
 
 The Go : gave the 2 Sachems 2 Coates & to cate & drinke. 
 
 June 3* 1676. 
 
 The same Indyans appeared againe They being demanded what they now have to say. They 
 answer that they now have no mind to goe up to All" but to returne to the South Uiver, to their 
 folkes. 
 
 The Go: saith it is well & further tells them that the Maques shall doc them no hurt, for he 
 liath spoken with the Maques about them already, & they have ])romised it, calling them their 
 brt.thers & Children & if they will they may goe 6z. live with them. 
 63 
 
498 Colonial SeUlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 The Go: asks them if tliey will goe & speuke with their owne Nation about it & return an 
 Answer. 
 
 They say they are but two so can give no other answer than that they will goe to the rest of 
 their people. & tell them what the Go. said & will returne with an answer. 
 
 The 2 Sachems will returne themselves. They say they will when they come againe bring 
 some present with them to appeare like themselves. 
 
 The Go. tells them its no matter hee hath heard a good Report of them, & they shall bee 
 welcome whether they bring anything or not. 
 
 The Go : saith further that they should say whether they will come into the Governm' or no, 
 if they will not it is well, if they will hee will make provision for them, & they shall bee pro- 
 tected & welcome. So that when they return They should make answer whether they will come 
 or no in brief e. 
 
 They had given them to eate & drinke, so they departed well satisfyed. 
 
 Minutes of the appearaijce befoee the Governor of "Wickersceeek Indians, 
 
 CLAIMING payment FOR THE YoNKERS LaND. 
 
 July 25'\ 1076. 
 
 There appeared Glncs the Indyan with others before the Governour and Wiekerscreeke 
 Indyans etc. They pretend not to bee p** for the Youimkers Land. Mr. Delavall produces a 
 patent to H. Oneale and deed from El. Doughty, the record viewed of the Indyans acknowledge- 
 ment to have rec"* satisfaction, Vlaes was then ...... 
 
 The Go : wiU speake with Mr. Doiujhty about it in a few dayes, when hee will answer them 
 farther. 
 
 . Council Minute. The Authority of the Sheriff at Esopus defined. 
 * * * * * 
 
 Upon some misunderstanding of the place and power of the Sheriiie at the Esopus, Ordered, 
 That Capt. Chambers and Mr. Ilall iiave notice, that the Sheriff is the person, who is to see the 
 Law putt in Execu9on and to apprehend & prosecute any Transgressors, as hee sliall see cause, 
 though not to bee judge in the Case. (August 4, 16Y6.) 
 
 Council Minute. Indian Report of a meditated Invasion by the French. 
 
 At a Couneell August 8'" 1676. 
 Present 
 
 The Governo'' 
 The Secretaiy Capt. Broclcholes 
 Capt. Delavall Capt. Dyre. 
 The Occasion of meeting was upon y" receit of a Letter from the Govern' of Canada with 
 
New York Historical Itecor<U 499 
 
 L'" from Albamj from tlio Command^ and tlic rolati„n made tiuT« by Cuniaclo, y' 2la.^uc3 
 Saclicin (who is now comu hitlierj uf tliu approacliiiii;- of tliu tlreiiL-li. 
 
 Resolved, To stand by y'^ Mcujues as funuerly. 
 
 A farther deterinina(;oa to be made, when it is known, w' the Sadiem Iiatli to say. 
 
 At a Meeting of the Governo' and Council, Ang^' y= 10"' 1676, when 
 Caniacko, one of the Maques Sauhems of tlie first Castle declared 
 the occasion of his Coming downe to visitt the Governo'. 
 
 There was another Sacliem witli him, wliose name was Dehasuladayareere and some other 
 Indyans. 
 
 The Interpreter was Cornelis Arnout, who came downe with them. 
 
 Caniacho tells the having heard strange news above, which caused liim to come hitlier, to be 
 satisfyed. 
 
 The news was hronght from Canada by an Indyan present with him, named Tayadoras 
 who related severall things sjjoken to him l)y an Interi)reter in the presence and by Oi-der uf tlie 
 ffrench Govern"', The most tending to breedo a distrust and difference betweene the Govern' (who 
 they call Curler) and y" Plaques Indyans. 
 
 But Ganiacko declares his not believing tliosc reports, yett undertook the voyage to know 
 the truth and now saith he is satisfyed of their falcity and is ashamed of itt, so gave a band of 
 Sewant on behalfe of the Maques to tlie Governour. 
 
 The GovernT tells them, its a wonder, the Guveriiour of Canada should (liseourso of things 
 of so great import to a private Indyan, he being no Sachem, and admires tlie more it being so 
 great an untruth. 
 
 The Govern'" acipiaints them, that he intends to send up an answer in writing, to shew that 
 his heart is good and it shall be read to them here first. 
 
 The Ind^^an Tayadoras sett his niarke in acknowledgement of the truth of what he had related, 
 the which is more fully and at large amongst y'' Relations of ludyun Affaires. 
 
 Minutes of the ai'PEarance before the Gov" or Maquas Indyans, eepokting on 
 Canada and Nokthekn Indyans. 
 
 At a meeting in the Fort before the Governour & Councell of some Mcuquas Indyans vizt, 
 Caniaco & Dehassiedegareere, Sachems of the 1st Castle, Aug. 10"" 1676. Cornelis Arnout, 
 Interpreter. 
 
 Caniaco says that they came down to the Go : having heard strange rumonrs of the war above. 
 That An Indyan now pres*^ by name Tayandoras has been att Canada where the Go : there 
 told him l)y his Interpreter (the interpreter's name was Oqueeso in frencli Mom" Le Man) that 
 the Go : of JSf. Y. was not riglit and showed him a letter hee had written to him, that when the 
 war was done with the North Indyans hee would [fall upon] the Maquas and destroy them, that 
 they had -small pres'' given them was only to blind tiiem. 
 
 That if . . . not . . . the war with the AV?"/* Indyans they would have fallen ujion 
 them before now. 
 
 That they shall have another great pres given them yet before they be destroyed. 
 
 That the Go : of Canada gave Canonondage son of the fourth Castle a packet of lett" which 
 hee was to deliver with his, but knew not [to] whom they w-ere whether for the father Jesuit or 
 
500 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 who else, the Indyau had gone with a party of twenty more to the southward to fight and has not 
 come home. . . . 
 
 [Hee says] that . . . left them some days ago having made p' of the way with . . . 
 and had some letters from a Jesuit in Canada to the Jesuit above. 
 
 That the Go : of Canada was coming with 1000 men to Caturaxas, and had three Indyans 
 w*'' them w* hee intend to send out one of the Maqas, another of the Ononda<jii,t>s, another of 
 the Iluniedes which he intended to send to the . . . Nations to come to them, other . . . 
 that . . . will fall upon them ... To give warning to the Matjas that they should not 
 refuse or delay their coming when hee should [come] 
 
 The French told him that the Sinnehes had so well behaved themselves to the Jesuits of 
 which hee had two letters from them and doubted if yet alive so was now resolved to goe and 
 destroy the said Sinnehes & Cayugas. 
 
 That the SenneTces were upon the way to AUi". when hearing these rumours & news returned 
 
 backe .... to the Onondacjues & liu .... tiie pres*' of 
 
 therefore [they had] expressed themselves as they did & they might doe as they pleased. 
 
 That hearing these news in the Maqas land, it did very much .... there. That 
 Curler should prove soe to them, who they took to bee all one their heart & that Coniaco said he 
 could not believe it, but would come & see which they approved of, where upon hee was come on 
 the behalfe of all the 4 Castles & therefore desires to know if there bee anything of ... . 
 which for his ace' he does not creditt. * » * * 
 
 * * (Destroyed and illegible.) * . * 
 
 * * * * * * 
 
 The mark of / Tatandoeas. 
 in acknowledgment of the truth of what he has related. 
 
 Car^eghoo had a blanket given him & the other Sachem & other 2 Indyans which were all 
 there present each a coat of Dufiles. 
 
 A Commission granted to the Commissaetes of Schanectade, to keep a Coubt 
 OF Judicature. 
 Edmond Andros, Esq'' &c. 
 
 Upon the returne of a nomina9on of new Magistrates, By vertue of the Authority derived 
 unto mee, I do hereby in his Ma"'=' name, constitute and appoint you, Alexander Glen, Sweer 
 Teunissen, Jan van Eps, Tennis Cornelissen Swart, and Daniel Jansen, to bee Commissaryes of 
 Schanectade and Dependences, "With Power, (any three or more of you) to keep a Court of 
 Judicature, the first in nomina9on to preside, and upon Equality to have the Casting Voice, to 
 heare and Determine all Causes, according to Law and Practice ; And all Persons whom it may 
 coucerne, are required to give you that respect and -Obedience, due to yo"' Places, in ExecuQon of 
 the Trusts reposed in you ; ffor which this shall bee to you and every of you a Sufiicient Warr'. 
 This Commission to bee of fforce for the space of one whole yeare, or till further Order . Given 
 under my hand and Scale, in Jfew Yorke, this ll"" day of August 1676. 
 
 E. Andkos, S. 
 
New York Jlistorival Jiccords. 501 
 
 Council Minute. Indian Affaiks. 
 
 At a Counccll Sept""' 8"' 1676 
 * * * * * * 
 
 A Letter from the Councell of tlie Massadnisctt.s to the Goveni\ desireiiig that severall North 
 Imlyaus, now in this GovenimS who have been their Eiieniyus, may be secured and sent to be 
 dehvered into their hands, Tiie same being taken into considera<;on. 
 
 Eesolved, That it is not proper, but the same Liberty to be used by us, as they take to tliem- 
 selves, as there shall bee ot-casiou. 
 
 As to any North Indyans, that are or shall bee received by the Mahimndtrs (contrary to 
 Order, to be still delivered \\]) to the Maques. 
 
 A Letter sent by the Goveeno'" Ord^ to the Justice of the Peaoe and Offi- 
 cers OF Westchester. 
 Gent. 
 
 The Govenio'' formerly thought to have sent Boats to fetch down yo"' Timber and Stockadoes, 
 for the wharfe. But so it is, That all the Boates and Sloopes being Employed to fetch Stones, and 
 the hands of the Towne, in their Dayly worke about that businesse, it cannot bee expected from 
 hence; I am there fore Comanded by the Governo'' to Lett you know, that he desires and expects, 
 that yo" will do yo'' best Eudeavo''', forthw'" to put yo'' Stockadoes & Timber (if any left) into 
 Rafts to bee floated downe, as the Townes of jlush'mg, Jamaioa, Hempsteed &c, are engaged to 
 do ; And you may assure those that are employed about that worke, that they shall have Satis- 
 fa<,^on for the same. I am also to acquaint you, that though in the time of danger of the Indyans, 
 the Village of Eastchester was excused from giving their attendance, at the Towne Trainings, at 
 Westchester, yet now that matter being over. They are to be joyned to the Company as formerly, 
 they never being Ordered wholy to be taken from them, but upon such emergent occasion, not to 
 go farre from their Habitations : 
 
 This is all I have in Charge, being 
 
 Gent. 
 
 Yo' ffriend and Serv' 
 
 M. NiOOLLS. 
 
 N. Torke, Sept. 
 
 19'" 1676 
 For the Justice of the Peace, Constable & Overseers of Westchester, <k Dep'^' Constable of 
 
 Eastchester. 
 
 Council Minute. Indian AFFArKS. 
 
 Present At a Councell Ocf" 11'", 1676. 
 
 The Governour 
 Capt. BrorMolcs Tiie Secretary 
 
 Capt. Byre Mr. /'hih'ps 
 
 Capt. T. Delavall 
 
 Major [Robert'] Treat Dep. Governo' of Conecticutt being present. 
 Proposes, That one or more of y'' Maques Sachems may come to some of their Townes to 
 

 502 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 renew friendsliip, That they may acknowledge theii- kiiidnesse in assisting them against their 
 Ennemyes, y" North Indyans and gratify them. 
 
 And that what prisoners of y" jS'orth Indyans are in this Governm' may be delivered np to him. 
 
 Its alleadged the Governo"' received none, till themselves made proclamation to receive all 
 those, that wonld come in and that he hath Security for them he hath received. 
 
 And that the Maques are our Indyans and are so to be acknowledged and will be of ill Con- 
 sequence for the Maqties to treate or to make application to another Governm', the which will 
 breede a distraction amongst them. , 
 
 A.CC0UNT OF Pbesents given to Indian Scouts by order oe Coll. Schuyler. 
 
 6"" (Oct.) To the river Indians who had been captured when Jtirian was killed and who run 
 
 away from the Enemy 2| ells of Duffles, 1 shirt, 1 pair Socks, the Duffles belong to mee, and by 
 
 order of Coll. Schuyler 2 lbs. of Powder 2 bars of Lead. 
 
 6"^ (Oct.) To Awans a duffle coat, for his claim, upon the Frenrh woman and her child, from 
 
 my store by order of Coll. Schuyler. 
 
 e**". To Wallanscaclckes 1 Shirt, and a pair of Socks by order of CoU. Schuyler. 
 
 To Qucupiendarous son 1 Kettle, 1 pair Socks, 1 knife, 2 bars of lead, by order of Coll. 
 Schuyler, because his father had sent him from the Susquehanna river to learn the condition ot 
 our place. 
 
 To Quaquendarous son before leaving for his country he took along for his father 2 lbs of 
 powder, 3 bars of lead, and a pair of Socks. 
 
 27"" Nov. Coll. Schuyler sent to the store for himself for 2 bars of Lead, and 6 lbs Powder. 
 Si-d Nov. To the Sachim of Kanadagerea Oneidas was given for his endeavors last year to ani- 
 mate the OneidcCs to take possession of their Castle \ lb. of Paint, 1 Shirt, 1 Hat, 1 pair of Socks, 
 12 bars of Lead, 6 lbs. of Powder, 1 Hatchet from the store. 
 
 18*'' (Nov.) To Towenjourve and Hendrick who went with the french woman to Canada, each 
 a shirt, a hat, and a kettle from the store by M". Banker, for the expedition to Canada, 3 lbs of 
 Powder, and 3 bars Lead to the same. 
 IS'". To the Savage who joined the fire watch a knife, and to another one, also a knife. 
 
 Council Minute. Enlargement of the village of Kingston. Indians, Indian 
 Lands at the Esopus. French Pretensions. 
 
 At a Counccll March 12* 1676-7. 
 
 Upon the request of divers persons from Kingston in Esopus, that they may have new Letts 
 laid out for them w"'out the Towne, 
 
 It is allowed, That Land shall be laid out for them near the Towne as desired, but their 
 buildings to be within y"* Towne and such as want place to build, may pitch upon any vacant, the 
 which is to be ascertained to them by agreem* or by Order of y" Magistrates to bee apprized as 
 vacant ground & so paid for, unlesse y" Owner will make like building thereon without delay & 
 where any Owner undertakes it, y'^ party may choose other ground. 
 
Keiv York Historical liecords. 503 
 
 Ordered, Tliat all strange Indyans, which come in, may live <k he incorporated under y' 
 Maques, Mahicanderx, Esopus or other onr Indyans and bee equally jM-otectcd. 
 
 That a Copie of y' Agreem' & purchase made by Governo'' jYicoUs be sent up to Esopm and 
 a perambula9on of y= bounds to be gone publiquely by Xtians and Indyans, the better to ascer- 
 taine tliem without delay and so a decision in a friendly manner of any Dillcrence, that may 
 appeare, or not well Exprest. 
 
 If the Indyans neare y"- Exopus will not sell their Lands toyutlua- or be unreas(,nal)le, they 
 may keepe it and then particular men may apply to y'' Govern^'' for parcells, as there shall be 
 occasion. 
 
 Upon propositions from y" Maques sent by the Command' and Conmiissaryes at Albany. 
 
 That y' Govern"' of Ca/iiada doth pretend some jurisdiction over y' Maques Indyans. 
 
 Ordered, That y" Maqu^'s Indyans and Associates on (liis side y'' Lake, (having been alwayes 
 under a part of this Governm') have nothing to do with y' ffrench, only as they are our friends, 
 but in no case are to bee commanded by them ; 
 
 And that y'' Commissaryes do send for y" Maques Sachems and Father Brayas and signify 
 this to y" said Sachems before him and to y' said Father, that y" Govern'' desires and does not 
 doubt his Comport accordingly, for y'' Quiet of those parts pursuant to y*" Friendship of our Kings 
 at home. 
 
 That y'' Orders for timber be duly observed att Albany, and all timber not so fcll'd and also 
 barked, (if not sawed in 'Winter) to lie forfieted and if not so sawed, each hundred plancks to pay 
 two beavers per hundred and passe as refuse ; The Scout to see these Orders observed on Land 
 and y^ Gierke of y'= Permitts, if shipt off. 
 
 Upon Complaint of severall abuses & disorders 
 Ordered, 
 
 That a Proclamation be issued forth to Inforee y"' Law for y'' Prohibicon of trading Liquors, 
 Guns, powder and Sliott with the Ind^'ans or carrying anything else to trade with them out ot 
 Towne on any pretence. 
 
 No Cannoes whatever to carry Xtians up to Exopus or y' Ilujh Lands without speeiall 
 Lycence. 
 
 The Indyans, that shall discover tlie breaker of y- Law and Orders lierein, to have all or the 
 full value of that w*^'' shall be so sold and those y'' shall conceale or not discover it, to forliet y*" 
 like value and to be further punisht, as y' Case may require. 
 
 The like for Christians. 
 
 A PKOcLAaLA-VoN I'KoniBiTiNG Teade wrTH THE Indtans, ok going up Hudson 
 RrvER i>f Canoos. 
 
 By the Governo''. 
 Whereas many disorders and mischiefe (and likelyhood of greater) have lately hapned by 
 Christians Trading with Indyans, contrary to Law, in Indyan Townes or Planta9ons, or abroad 
 in the Country or Rivers ; These are therefore by the advice of my Coimcell, in his Ma"" name, 
 to require all Magistrates, Officers, or persons whatsoever, to bee very vigilant in their Dutyes 
 therein, that no person or Persons, Vessell, Boat or Canooes, do on any pretence, by Land or 
 Water, Trade with any Indyans, on penalty to forfeit the same, and to bee further proceeded 
 
504 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 against, according to Law ; And also, That after Saturday the li^*" of Aprill next, no Canooe or 
 small Boat, go, or passe up Hudsons River, to Esopus, or the High Land, without speciall 
 Licence, on like penalty ; And such as shall presume to do it, to bee secured with their Goods, 
 Cauooes or small Boats, and safely conveyed to the SherifEe of this City, or present notice given, 
 that they bee proceeded against as above, when the discoverer shall have all the said Goods, or value 
 allowed them, and any Sachem or Indyan, to have the like forfeiture for discovery ; But if any 
 Christian or Indyan do know and conceale, or not discover the same as above, and can bee con- 
 victed thereof within one yeare, they shall bee proceeded against as principalis, and any that make 
 resistance as Criminalle, Of which all persons are to take notice at their perills ; Tiiis to bee of 
 force for the space of one whole yeare, from the 14'" day of Aprill next ; Actum in New York, 
 that 14'" day of March, in the 29'" yeare of his Ma""" Eeigne, Annoque Dom. 1676-7. 
 
 E. Andkob, S. 
 
 i 
 
 Oedeb in Council, directing the Mohawk Indians to desist feom making war 
 UPON Eastern Indians, with a letter from Gov" Andros. 
 
 By the Governo'' and Councell in JVew York, March 28'", 1677. 
 
 Upon Intelligence, To prevent any Mischiefe that may happen betweene y" Maques and 
 English forces Eastward. 
 
 Resolved & Ordered; 
 
 That y" Maques have Notice & Order given them to send no more partyes farre Eastward 
 beyond our bounds, but recall such as are already out, till y'' Governo'' can so settle things there, 
 that they may be in no danger of Christians, but received by them as our friends. 
 
 And if any Christians or Indyans do come or speake to them of awj buisnesse or Newes, that 
 they give us Notice and bring such to Albany or here and y" Governo"' will take care, that all 
 things shall be ordred for their best advantage & proiitt. 
 
 If Capt. Salesbury be come away. That Serj' Sharj>e, Lieut' Martin Gerrittse & Lieut' Jan 
 Jansen Blycker do send for some Maques Sachem and deliver the above Order in the New Fort 
 by Arnold the Interpreter. 
 
 Matthias Nicolls, Seer. 
 Letter. 
 
 I have but litle time and nothing to adde to y° above, but that you take Order to putt it in 
 Execu9on by sending for some Maques Sachem and signify it, as is directed. Yourselves being 
 only named for to pi'event the buisnesse noise or discourse usually made on the least matters and 
 this matter absolutely necessary to prevent any Inconvenience, that might otherwise (and likely 
 to) happen by default thereof. I am Your ffriend 
 
 E. Andross. 
 
 Conference between Governor Andbos and the Esopus Indians. 
 Present Kingston, the 27'" of Aprill 1677. 
 
 His Honor The Governor 
 Capt. Salisbury 
 Capt. Gliaiiibers 
 Mr. West 
 
 and the Magistrates 
 Geoi^ge Davit Interpreter. His Honor the Governor asked the Esopus Sachems, Sewera- 
 
New York Uidorkul Records. 505 
 
 Ican^ Pomerevrngue, KaelJcop, Anhrop and the majority of the Esojnis Indians, women as well as 
 men and youths, whether they had any claims upon the land, occupied by us in pursuance of the 
 agreement made with his Honor, Governor Nicolls. They went out and after some time spent 
 in deliberation, Kadcop said, that they did not think, they had sold land so far North, but they 
 were well satisfied we should liave it, provided his Honor would give him a blanket, a shirt and a loaf 
 of bread. The Governor then inquired, whether that would satisfy them completely, to which he 
 replied, Yes, but if his Honor would add a piece of cloth, it would be well. He and the Sachems 
 and all the other Indians were told to point out or describe the boundaries, as they were to be 
 now. They described them as follows : Beginning at the Boiiduyt Kil, thence to a kil called 
 Kahakasnik North along the hills to a kil called Magoimsinginck, thence to the second fall, East- 
 erly to Fniderjaclikamick on the " Groote Eevier" along the river South to Eonduyt Kil with 
 everything lying within these boundaries, good and bad, hills, valleys, waters, etc. 
 
 Kadcop further declared, that he had ceded to the old sawyer his claim upon a kil, called the 
 8awyer''s Kil, and the land stretching up to the boundary of the land belonging to the KaUkil 
 Indians along the river as far as the mountains above. Whereupon his Honor, the Governor, 
 asked the Sachems and all the other savages, old and young, whether this was so ; they should 
 give a free and fearless answer. They replied, it was so and nobody else had any claim upon the 
 land. Questioned once more, whether they were satisfied with the aforesaid payment, they said. 
 Yes, fully. His Honor then gave to Kaeleop, in presence of all the others, the articles agreed 
 upon as full pay, to wit : 
 
 A blanket a shirt baize for socks, 
 
 a piece of cloth a loaf of bread 
 
 All being well satisfied, his Honor said, he intended to have the boundaries reviewed for bet- 
 ter satisfaction and desired Kaelcop and some other Indians to go along and point out the land- 
 marks, for which tliey should receive extra pay. They accepted this proposition with thanks and 
 said, they were ready to do it at any time. 
 
 The mark of '^j^ Kaelcop 
 
 for the Amogakickakan family 
 The mark of [{I'^f Ankekop 
 
 for Kettstpowy 
 The mark of /~\ Kugakapo 
 
 for the Mahow family 
 
 The mark of \^C^ Wengiswars 
 
 for the Kakatawis family 
 
 + 
 
 Pamieee "Wack, .^^^ his mark 
 Sachem 
 
 Seneea Kau 
 Sachem 
 Mamaeij Backwa ^) Sachem, 
 
 in the name of all Eisojyits Indians. 
 
506 
 
 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 In presence of his Honor the Governor and the undersigned. 
 
 Thomas Chambers 
 
 G. Hall 
 
 JoosT 
 
 DiKCK SCHEPMOOS 
 
 E. WnirrAKEE 
 Wessel ten Broek 
 Hendrick Jochemsen 
 JoEis Davit 
 
 Testis : Wm. La Montagne, Seer*'. 
 
 Silvester Salisbury 
 Will. Rodeney 
 John West 
 N. De Meter 
 
 Indian Deed to Lewis Ddbois and others for land in Ulster County (New Paltz.) 
 
 To-day, the 26^'' of May in the year 1677, an agreement was made by the below-named par- 
 ties, pursuant to a license from the Hon"'^ Governor Edmond Andros^ dated the 28'" of April 
 1677, with the undersigned Esopus Indians concerning the purchase of a certain tract of land on 
 the other side of Rondout Kil. 
 
 Matsmjaij, Nehakaway, Magakahoos, Assmarakan and Wawawanis acknowledge to have 
 sold to Lewis Buhois and liis associates the land within the following boundaries: Beginning at 
 the high hill, called MoggonecJc, thence Southeast towards the Great River to the point, called 
 Juffrouw's Hook in the Long Reach, by the Indians called Magaat Ramis, thence North along 
 the river to the island, lying in the Cruin Elbow at the beginning of the Long Reach, by the 
 Indians called Raphoos, thence West to tlie high hill at a place, called Wara/;ahaes and Tawaer- 
 etaque, along the high hill southwest to Moggoneck, including between these boundaries all con- 
 tained therein, hills, valleys, waters etc and a free passage to the Rondout Kit as convenient, as it 
 may be found. The Indians shall also have fully as much liberty and license to hunt all kind of 
 wild animal and to fish, as the Christians. This land the Indians have engaged to sell for the 
 goods specified here below 
 
 100 knives 
 
 4 ancres of wine 
 
 40 guns 
 
 60 duffels coats 
 
 60 blankets 
 100 nails (?) 
 1 schepel of pipes 
 
 Wine has been given for the horses 
 
 •40 Kettles, 10 large 30 small 
 
 40 axes 
 
 40 addices 
 
 40 shirts 
 
 100 fathoms of white wampum 
 
 300 " " l)lack 
 
 60 pairs of socks, one half of them small ones 
 
 100 bars of lead 
 
 1 keg of powder 
 
 The parties of citlier part liorewith acknowledge to have agreed and have 
 their own hands. 
 
 Signed : 
 LowiES Du Booys Matsayay <^ his mark 
 
 Christian Deyo ^ his mark Wachtonck ^ ^s mark 
 
 Abraham Haesbroocq 
 
 Andeies Lefebee Senerakan ^ his mark 
 
 Jan Broocq 
 Peter Deto 
 
 LOWIE BiNEVIE 
 
 Anthony C. Eespel 
 
 igned this with 
 
 Mayakahoos '^: his mark 
 Wawawamis A/7,her mark 
 
Nero Yvrh Historical Records. 
 
 507 
 
 Abrahaji Du BtioY 
 Bdgi Fkeke 
 
 ISAACK Dd BooYS 
 
 Simeon Lefebre 
 
 W itnesses : 
 
 Jan Elton 
 
 Jacorainije Slecht 
 
 Jan Mattysen 
 
 Agrees with tUe original : 
 
 De la Montayne Sec*' 
 We the undersigned fonuer joint-owners of the land sold to Lewis Buhols and his associates 
 acknowledge to have received from them full satisfaction according to the agreement and there- 
 fore convey the said land with a free passage to them and their heirs forever, relinquishing our 
 right and title and freeing them from all further claims : in witness whereof we have signed this 
 with the Justice, Sheriff, Magistrates and others present on the 15'" day of September 1677 at 
 " 'ley. Signed 
 
 //, 
 
 Esopus Sachems 
 Sewakanamy <i^_j — his mark 
 Pannekewach ^ his mark 
 Majiakocu ( her mark 
 Maheny 
 
 Ha ROMA X "^ his mark 
 Paootaramin ^ his mark 
 WiNGAWis ^ his mark 
 
 Wessenach ^ his mark 
 
 Maccamossingh his mark 
 
 Witnesses 
 
 Jan Elton 
 
 Roeloff Hendricks 
 
 Jan Waerd 
 
 Jan Harris 
 
 AJhcrdt Janseti 
 
 Ma.tmtjaij puhlicly proclaimed before the surroundi 
 for, and they were all satisfied with it. 
 
 Matsayay his mark ^ 
 
 ASSENERAKAN " (jl, 
 
 Wachtonck " I , 
 
 Wawamis :3V her mark 
 Maohkahoos his mark Q 
 Wawesaska (j his mark 
 Namas fT-? his mark 
 ToMACHKAPAY Q^ his mark 
 Saagarowon his mark 
 
 Sawonowis <~j/5> his mark 
 Machkakamoca <= — 3- his mark 
 Thomas Chan^hers 
 G. Hall 
 
 Wessel Ten Broocq 
 Dirck Schepmoos 
 Hemlrirh Jorh msen 
 
 Joost Ailrians. n 
 Gcrrit Coriirlrssui. 
 Laraliert Huyshe risen 
 
 Indians that the land had been paid 
 
 Council Minute. The War of the Mohawks and Senegas against Maryland. 
 
 At a Councell June 6"> 1677. 
 
 Coll. Henry Courcey sent from the Governo'' of Marijland upon acco' of making a peace 
 with the Maques & Sinnekes Indyans, Present, as also Martin Gerrittsen of Albany & Mr. 
 Stepkanus Van Cortlandt, w'" the Councell. 
 
 It was Proposed, whether it will be Proper to send any present of bands of Sewant or the 
 like by a Messenger, that is to goe to those Indyans or not, It being aymed at to Speake with 
 them. 
 
508 Colonial Hdtltmenln on the Hudson River. 
 
 It's thought, that it will be best to send a band to each Nation. 
 
 Resolved, that tl>e Commander and Co"'' of Albany send to the Maques and Sinnekes, to lett 
 them know, that there is a p'sou come from Maryland, who desires to see and Speake w"" tliem 
 at Albany in four weekes time after the Messenger sliall begin his Journey from thence, A band 
 of Sewant to bee sent to each of the five Respective Castles as a token of his Intent to bee there. 
 
 If no bands of sewant, then the value thereof in strung wampum of about 20 or 25 gild" 
 each. 
 
 Upon Inforrna9on of some Injuryes done upon the River by the Maqties & that they have 
 carryed away a man and woman of the Mahicanders. 
 
 Ordered, That the Commander bee writt to, that he send to some of the Maques Sachems & 
 Reprove them. 
 
 The same Messenger to carry 3 fathom of sew' to the Maques & give them notice of their 
 Coming to Albany, according to the Governo" order of this same date. 
 
 An answer likewise to bee given to some Mahicander Indyans, who are come hither & are 
 afraid of the Maques Indyans. They are five in all, to give them one hundred gild" strung 
 white wampum or sew'. 
 
 Council Minute. The Mohawks on the "Wakpath. 
 
 At a Councell June 11'" 1677. 
 
 ***** 
 
 Afternoone. 
 
 The Occasion was the Receit of Letf' from Albany sent by an Expresse from thence, Relate- 
 
 ing that eighty or one hundred of the Maques Indyans had fallen upon some Mahicand" & North 
 
 Indyans at Phillip Peiters Bowery and the Hdlfe Moone, robbing the Mahicand" and carrying 
 
 the Others away Prisoners, butt they had returned some other Prisoners and Promised, the rest 
 
 should follow. 
 
 Also the Maques routing some of Uncasmen, four falling upon eighty & Destroying 
 Divers &c. 
 
 Moreover the Maques desire the Govern'" to come up to meete them at Albany in 15 days. 
 Whether adviseable the Governo'' having already appointed a time, when he will be there, 
 Resolved not to alter his former Resolution upon their proposalls. 
 
 Peoceedings on the claim of New-Jeeset to have a Poet of Entet. 
 
 New Yoek. 
 
 Att an extraordinary Court in the City Hall, the 11'" of July, 1677. 
 Present. 
 
 The Governour and Councell. 
 The Court of Mayor and Aldermen. 
 &c. 
 Governo' Philip Carterett of New Jersey, with Capt. John Berry & Capt. Wm. Sandford 
 
Neiv Yorh Iliatorual lieconls. 509 
 
 of his Councel], protend tu liave Authority and orders for a distinet Tort iind Custom house in 
 New Jersey, and produce a (rraunt or Indenture from his Roy" llighuesse to S' George Varterett 
 of Saltrum \\\ tlie (Jountj of Devon Kniglit, Vice Chanil)erlaine of his Ma"" Household &c. 
 bearing date the 29«> of July in the 26'" yearc of his Ma"« Rcigne, 1674, for part of the land 
 comprised in his Ma''"-" Letters Patents to his ilighnesse, to the westward of the Manhatatu and 
 Lon<j Island, and bounded to the eastward by the Sea and part by Hudsom River, <fec. as by said 
 Deed, to bee called Wew Caemrea or ^Vt-w Jersey.— Also a Conuniision from 8' Georye Carierctt 
 to Philip Carterett Esq'' for the Government of said New Jersey. 
 
 Produce also a Commission from Commissioners of the Customes att London, Letter 
 and Instructions of y" Kt"' of January 1673. to said Governour Carterett for Collector c%c of the 
 Dutys on Tobacco, and other American Produce, nott giving bond to goe directly for Emjland. 
 Coppy of said Governours five hundred pound bond of the l"' of February 1673. The Kings 
 Letter of the 26"" of November, in the 25"^ yeare of his Ma'''''' Reigne; and acts of Parliam* for 
 said Dutys ; Which being all read, and Governo'' Carterett and Councell fully heard thereupon, 
 and no more to produce ; The Dukes above specifyed Graunt or Indenture being the same for 
 said part, as the Grauut in IGG-i was for. all New Jersey, Vizt for the laud to the westward of 
 Manhatans and Long Island, bounded by the eastward by the Sea, and part by Iludsons River, 
 and the other parts land bounds, (except by the upper part of Delaioare River &c) as per said Deed. 
 
 Resolved unanimously by the whole Court, and declared by the Governour as their Judg- 
 ment in Court, That they find no Port or Harbour graunted thereby to S^ George Carterett or 
 New Jersey, (distinct or independent from this) But all Shipps or Vessels as hitherto enter and 
 Cleaer att the Custonie house here, or Subordinate Officers thereof, with duo regard to Governour 
 Carteretts or others authoritys for y* Dutys on Tobacco and other produce of America, according 
 to acts of Parliament, and Orders thereupon. 
 
 Letter fkom Gov" Andkos to the Magistuatks of Ai.bany, nECLiNiNd to uv.v:\- the 
 
 MaQUAS TUEKE and CONUEMNINO TUE VIOLENCE OF THE MoUAWKS TOWARDS THE 
 MOHEGANS. 
 
 Gen''^ 
 
 Yo" of the 8"' came to my hands yesterday, by the expresse you sent. In answer to the 
 Pro])osall made by the Jfayi/as Sachemacks of my coming up to speake with them in iitteeue 
 dayes, I know no reason for it, having already appointed a certaine time of being there, if they 
 have any thing extraordinary to say, they may acquaint you the Magistrates with it, who will 
 transmit it to mee, or some of them may come hither. 
 
 As to the Insolence & violence used by the Maquas 6c North ludyans with tlicm, in yo' 
 houses or quarters, upon the Ma/noand" or any other Indyans received into i)rotectiou, I much 
 admire at it, but since they seeme not to justify it, & you desire it, I shall passe it by, & it shall 
 bee buryed in Oblivion, but you may put them in Mind how I protected them in the time of the 
 warr, & gave their old meu, wives & children, admittance w"'in our Towne & Fortificacjons, & 
 that I doe expect that whosoever doth or shall come in & submitt themselves & live quietly witli 
 -our Indyans, shall be protected from any outrage or force & I shall not suffer them to bee disturbed 
 or harmed, but shall looke upon any violence offered that way, as done to my selfe. 
 
 A draught of niv Letter not sent & of y" Go. sent to Alb. 
 July 12, 1677 
 
 By Major Ahranison Jochems. 
 
510 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Council Minute. Indians veby unquiet and warlike. 
 
 At a Councell 10"' July 1677 
 
 A letter from C'ajit SaVhlmry and cue from Coll. Courcy of the 10"' mencjoning an Intelli- 
 gence from father Bruyas and his letter also read from 3£aques Castle, of forty Oneydas designed 
 to fall on our River ludyans at CattsTcill and about an English girle among the Oneydas and 
 Capt. Salishury writing to father Bruyas requireing the Indyans to bring her, also of report^^f 
 Sinncijues coming in 10 dayes and advice for the Govern'' going up. 
 
 Advised and Resolved, That the Govern' do nott goe up till appointed time j" latter end of 
 Aug'' and in y" Interim any Indyans may deliver their message, if occasion, at Albany to be sent 
 to the Govern'' or come to YorJc themselves. 
 
 Capt. Salishury to be Checkt for writing about the girle w"' out order, but particularly for em- 
 ploying the Jesuite and upon all occasions and addresses, that he referre to what is past or if occa- 
 sion to the Govern'' & in no Case give anv other answer or resolves of himselfe. 
 
 i 
 
 TuE Oneydes Answkee to y'^ PEOPosrrioNS made to them the 20'''' July by y^ 
 
 HON" COLLONELL HeNEY CoUESEY EsQ*'' AUTHORISED BY ChAELES LoeD BakRON 
 
 OF Baltamoee Lord Peopeietoe of Maryland in y' Couet house of Albanie 
 THE 21 OF July 1677. 
 
 M Ger van SlichtinJwrst, Interpreter 
 
 The names of y° Sachems Sweensie — Saraclitoa — Canachyndia — Cannanthaera. 
 
 1 They say wee doe also Lately approove of y' which y" Onnondages have now said, calling 
 them there fathers (as they doe Likewayes the Christians of this Government) and are willing and 
 Readie to obey the Command of y' great King Charles who liveth over y^ great Lake, meaning 
 our Souveraign Lord y'^ King of great Brittain &c, & doe Pressent one belt of Zew' 
 
 2 "Wee doe recommend that you will take care (as we shall on our Pairts) that y* Propositions 
 which you made Yesterday be Punctually observed. There is formerly one of our Indians wounded 
 by you, which occasioned our Plundeu-ing .... houses. "We must also acknowledge 
 . . . . Killed some hoggs & beasts . . . . , were hungry, but never .... any 
 Christians, doe Present twoo Otters 
 
 S"' We are now come together to make y" Covenant, & doe again absolutly ajiproove of y' 
 w* ye Onnondages have done. But doe Let you know y' there are twenty of our Indians gone 
 out to fight ag"*- y'= Indians of Your Nation. We desire y' if y°>' doe any harm, that it may be 
 excused this time, because it is Unknown to y"' and if we for y" future after our People are come 
 home shall use any hostility y' way, then you may thinke we doe not according to our Promise, 
 but are not Soe minded, & doe give 2 bevers. 
 
 This is a Draught Examined by me, 
 
 RoB^ Livingston Sec' 
 
 N. B. These Oneydes were present when y" Propos : were made to y* Onnondages & when 
 they gave there answer. 
 
New Yorh Historical Bccorda. 511 
 
 LE-n-EK FK(.M JuUN PVNCIIOX AT yi-KINGKIELD To Cai-T. Sai.ISBUKY Al' Ai.HANT (.N 
 
 Indiaj>i troubles. 
 
 Si'KlNGFEILT) Octob'' 5"' J 077. 
 
 ^ , 7-7 J"*t at WvA\t. 
 
 (Japt. bahsbury. 
 
 Worthy S^ yesterday inoniiny I Eeerl. y,/ kind lines Ly /?, ;,/,^ ][;,,V,., wliurel.y I nn.lurstand 
 yo^ Simpathy with us in o^ sad disazter by y" Indians ; A: yo^ readyuess in making" strict in-iuiry 
 & greate forwardness to doe wliat Posible lys in yo" for ns which I lia\-c abundance Cause to 
 acknowledge & doe most thankfully accept from yo'' hands, & as to yo"' opinion of the M.a<mas 
 being free, &, assureing 2ue of their Innocency, I doe fully Concur witli yo", having Satisfaction 
 from what yo" writ & from Ben Waitcs Eelation, But to put it out of all doubt, God in his 
 Providence hath sent in one of o'' Captivated men, Be?wni Stehhintjs by name, w^" is y<= occasion 
 of these lines to yo"" selfe by Post, To give yo" an acco' there off & to desire yo" to Put y'^ ILaquas 
 u])on p'sueing their own Enymys there being greate hkelyhood of y« Maqum overtaking y"' 
 Bemni Stebbimjs came in to Iladly last night in y" night, Avhose relation was Sent to me w*^" being 
 but an houre since I had it. I p'^sently resolved upon sending Post to yo", Take his relation as fol- 
 loweth, The Company of Indians was twenty only about sixe or 7 Squasmade 26 in all, they were 
 this Country Indians belonging to Nalvotogy, all of y™, but one a Narrujcmsset. They came from 
 Canada, 3 Months agoe, & had bin Hunting, & were doubtful! whether to fall on Northamtmi or 
 Ilatjield, at last resolvml on Hatfield & Caryed away from Ilaifield 17 ])'sons & 3 from Deere- 
 field, besides this man y' is come in, so y' they now have 20 Captives with y" 3 of y"' being men, 
 & all well as he says, when they took y'" At Beerefeild, after the noise & Cohoops were over at 
 Deerefeild, their first Inquiry was, whether there were any JIaquas thereabouts & upon Informa- 
 tion y' some had beene there, & were supposed not to be far off, they were all husht, & Startled 
 & greately afraid & goeing silently away forthw"", they tooke up their lodging at Deerefield River 
 Mouth & next day crossed y'' Eiver viz Conecticot to y'' east side of it, the next day crossed the 
 Piver againe, &, againe afterward, they Passed y^ River many tymes having Cannoes where in they 
 caryed y" woamen & children being about 2 days journy above Squakheag, they sent a company 
 of y'" about half of y™ to Nasshaway to call of some Indians y' have bin there all this tyme of y" 
 war & tooke this Benoni Stebbings along w"' y™ thither Coming to JVashaway Ponds there were 3 
 Indian men & about halfe a score squaws w"" their children, these they went too to lake along w"' 
 y"' : having travelled from y" company they left 2 days to SguaMeag & then from Squakheag 
 somewhat more than thirty Miles, to y™ Indians ncere Nasluiway : who Pluck' up their Stakes 
 having Plenty of fish especially Eeles, & many drycd hurtleberiys but noe Corne ; this Benoni 
 l)eing sent w"* 2 women to carry Ilurtleberrys ; Ran away fro"' them, & was p^sently p''sucd by 
 some men & at one tyme was but a swamp between y™, but night Comcing on he escajjed fro"' his 
 p''suers. He says y'- one of y" Indians y* they Had fro'" about Naahatoay Ponds Semes to be a 
 Counseller, & w"' him they Consulted much & spake of sending to y'^ English, but at last resolved 
 for Canada yet talk' of making a fort a greate way up the River & abiding there this winter, 
 talked also of carying the Captives to y^frcneh & selling y'" to y" french which he concludes, they 
 resolved on, but make but slow Passage, having so many women and children. He Concludes it 
 would be, it may be 20 days Er they gat to y" lake hunting by y" way. It was Tuesday Morning 
 last that he escaped fro"' y' p''ty w''' caryed him w"' them nere jVas/unvay, and thej- had above 30 
 Miles to goe back to Sgnakheag, it then nero 2. d. jniirny more to y" Rest above Sq^ial'Jveag : y° 
 way he says up this River is unpassable for Knglixh men & their goeing is by Barken Cannoes 
 nnich of y" way & then t.j y" left side of y'' Rivery'' men foote it leaving y" worst way : The un- 
 
512 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson B,iver. 
 
 Passableness of y° way this way renders it impossible for lis to p'"sue or doe any good. Bnt j'® 
 Conveying Speedy word to y^ Maquas gives not only a Possibility but a probability of their over- 
 taking y", w"^*" deare S' is y® end of these lines to yo" : To request yo" (If none of y° Maquas 
 Sachems be at Albany) to send at o' charge to y'' Cheifs of y" Maquas & give y" an acco' of mat- 
 ters & desire their Sjjedy p''sueing these Bloody villains & Enymys of y"" & forthw"", & w"'out any 
 delay by which meanes I hope this Barbarous Crew (wlio are Enymys to Eeligion, Civillity & all 
 humanity & have so deepely Imbrewed their hands in most Innocent chtian Blood) may be met w"* 
 on their retume before they come to y'' lake or at y'' Lake & so o'' Captives Recovered for w* we 
 shall give y' Maquas Sutable rewards. Good S'' Put forward y® Maquas to Surprise & cut off 
 these villaines, Let y" know y' it will be a greate demonstration of their fidellity & freindship to 
 us A: it is a very Likely opportunity for y"" to kill & Catch Indians whom they so much Hunt after. 
 And this man y'' is Come hom says they dred y'' Maquas, & all their feares was least some Ma- 
 quas should p'"sue y"", they did not expect or think y^ English could, & desired to get out of y" 
 Maquas way at first goeing off from Deerefield & thinking they wer& got high Enough up from 
 
 them y* more secure & at rest : so y' now I believe they are at ease & will make 
 
 so slow progress having beside o'' Women & children a p^'sell of their owne women & children 
 to clogg y" y' they may safely be taken And The lighting upon & destroying this Com- 
 pany of y" Enymy (being as it is S'' by him y* is come in y" remaining strength of this River 
 Indian) will be a breaking Blow to y"" & a greate meanes of o'" Security. I pray S'" doe what yo" 
 Can to Ingage y® Maquas to go out forthw"" & to deale Effectually in it. We desire to doe o' 
 duty & to waite for y° salvation of God. S' Excuse my Scribling. I ail! in greate haste to send 
 away y^ Messenger to Westfield this Night : bee The need in getting -y^Maquas to goe out upon 
 y" En3'my before they get on y* Lake is all in all : If they can but come up with y" It will be easy 
 to take y", for I tell yo" their strength as y" man relates, & how they are clogged w"" women & 
 children, I doubt not of yo' helpfullness in this Exigence w'''' will abundantly Ingage us & w"' 
 greate readyness shall sattisfie what yo" disburse : w"* my endeared Love & respects to yo" Com- 
 ending yo" to y" p'tection of y" Almighty God, I remaine S'' 
 
 Yo'' very Loving ffreind & Servant, 
 
 John Pynchon. 
 
 Ben Waite is gon hom before this Intelligence came to me, He talk' of goeing to Canada before 
 & I suppose will rather be forward to it now then Backward, Posible he may be at Albany about 
 a fortnight hence in refference to a journy to y" french when if I be not gon to Boston (w"* I have 
 some thoughts to doe next weeke) I shall have opportunity again to write yo". Vale. 
 
 J. P. 
 
 These ffbr his Honored ffriend Ca])t. Salisbury ; Comander in Cheife sXffort Albany. 
 
 Hast Post hast, for his Ma""" speciall Service. 
 
 EEGDLA90N FOR MiLrriA Officers and Order concerning Qurr rents at Ebopus. 
 
 Cap' Thomas Chambers to Command both Horse & ffoot ; 
 Lieu' Geo : Hall next in Command as Capt. Tho . Chambers Leiu' 
 The Eldest Lieu' in Commission of Hurley or Marbleton, 
 The Other Lieu' of s" Towne. 
 
New York Ilidorical Recordn. 513 
 
 The Eldest Commission of Ensigne or quarter Master in al)seneo of Suiicrio'' w"- Rcgiila(;on 
 to be Observed till ffurtber Order Actum in New Yorke. Octob'' 0"' 1(177 
 
 E. Andkos, S. 
 Bj the Govenio'' 
 
 Whereas the severall itarraers Inhabitants Planters or persons of Kiiuj.ston, EurUy, and Mar- 
 hUton in Esopus, have for these two yearcs last Past, Since the Late Change of Governm', Neg- 
 lected to pay in their Quitt Eents, due ffor their Severall Tennres, as by their grants ; I do there- 
 fore by Yertue of My Authority under his Eoyall Ilighnessc, appoint and Authorize yo Lieu'' 
 George Hall, to Demand, and receive, s'' quitt Eents due for the Past & Present or eusueing 
 Yeare; giveing a due accompt thereof from time to time; And for so doing this shall bee to you 
 and every of them a sufficient Warr' it Discharge. Given under m\ h;ind iu New Yorke, this 
 6"' of Octol/: 1677 
 
 To Lieut. Geo. lIoU, Ecccivcr ..f tin 
 Quitt Eents att Ehojuis 
 
 E. Andros, S. 
 
 Letter fkom (lov" Leveretf t<i tue Mohawk Sachems, warning them not to 
 
 IXJURE THE FRIENDLY IxDIANS OF HIS COLONY. 
 
 For the Sachems of tlie Mdquas. 
 
 Boston Oct. 12"' lfi77. 
 You may by these Take notice that six of your men (as -^ve Since understand) Lately 
 found neere ^ftsto?;. in the woods, who being well armed & in a .... posture, were by some 
 of our People Surprised & Carryed to prison, & there not knowing but that they were Enemy 
 Indians, till being Examined .... they were found to be Maqiias as some of Albany . 
 ... so thereupon were M'ell used & are Sett at Liberty, by whom we send these Lynes to 
 lett you know how ready we are to hold and continue friendship with you which was so lately 
 renewed at Albany .... John Fynchon & yourselves & hath bene by us in all respects 
 attended. However it Comes to pass that it hath bene a failure on your part by some of 
 by some of your men not observing of it and we the rather suggest because the Indians 
 your men who are now Avith us acknowledge their neglect of attending what was Concluded 
 at Albany, Namely to be friends to all our friend Indians which was one of the great things we 
 aimed at. Now oin- then moving you to destroy the Eastern Indians our Enemies, we ingaged 
 you not to meddle with our friend Indians, & .... to take Care of them who were True 
 to us, in all the time of our war, & ventured their Lives for us, & now we must not Let them 
 Loose their Lives . . our fi'icnds, that ha\-ing to Carrv it 
 
 Man, as he was fishing Cloase by an Enyliuli house, and Carrying away two S(piaws who were 
 about their occasions, at IlamnemeseU, all which being contrary to the agreement made with 
 your Selues. Wee hope you will Cause your men to make full sattisfaction, for we have now an 
 opportunity in our hand & might detaine Some of those your men, luit to prevent all ground of 
 disquiett to your spirrits, & being Confident j'ou will do it, namely returne back those 2' Squaws 
 and forbeare all further mischeife upou or Toward our friend Indians, wee Sett in Liberty all 
 65 
 
514 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 jovlV men, resolvinge there shall be iioe breach on onr parts, but yet we will protect & defend 
 our Indians & therefore desire you give all your people notice of it, to be more Carefull for 
 future, that no Spoile or Avronge be done to any of our friend Indyans. Let none of yours come 
 neere Natick Punkqu . . Ilasanemesett, nor Wamesitt, nor among any of our Townes where our 
 friend Indians are, who are & will be friends to your Selues, as wee arc, all being under his Majes- 
 ties protection, & therefore not to be disturbed by you. There are other Indians for you to fall upon, 
 whose persueing & destroying wee shall take kindly from your hands, namely a Parcell of Indians 
 who Came lately from Canada & fell uj^on Jlattfield the same day when 4 of your people Lodged 
 in Ilattfidd & Avere then kindly used the night before These Indians who Came froni Canada 
 as wee Since Came to know by one of our Captives that is gott away fi-om them, have Carryed 
 with them Twenty of our people, women & children with three men, whom wee understand are 
 returning toward Camada, It will be an acceptable Service to us if you Can destroy this parcell of 
 Indians. And may you be Instrnmentall for the Savinge or recoveringe of any of our Captives, 
 wee Shall give you good reward for the Same, we have further to lett you know, that now there 
 arising enemy Indians against us about Northhampton & those Townes, our people are upon their 
 guard, & Scouting forth. So that it may be hazzardous for your People wee not being able to dis- 
 tinguish betweene such enemy Indians & Maquas whom wee would not wronge & therefore 
 your men may not . .......... 
 
 Somo one or two at most with a Letter in their hands may adventure into our Townes unarmed, 
 
 & 
 
 them to bo Maquas wee shall afford reliefe as need be ..... . 
 
 because of some iowc people who were Lately Taken, were ..... 
 
 by taking the Enemy Indian for Ma(iuas, M'hom also they should have a\'oided, wee have not to 
 adds at present But that wee are, 
 
 YoTir ever Loving friend, 
 
 John Levekeit, Gov'. 
 
 Extracts feom thk Minutes or the Couet at Schenectady in refeeence to the 
 Purchase of the second and third flat on the Mohawk Rivee. 
 
 License to purchase True Copy. Extract from the Minutes, Oct. 22" 1677. 
 
 on Mohawk Elver . 
 
 No. 5. Daniel Jansen respectfully requests, that their Honors will give him let- 
 
 ters of recommendation, in consideration of his various services, that he may have the third 
 flat on this side of the Mohawk Eiver. 
 
 Their Honors promise their countenance to the petitioner, Daniel Jansen, their colleague and 
 acknowledge that he has done much good service. The hon'''® General shall therefore be written 
 to, on condition that the lands be duly paid for. 
 
 By Order of the Court 
 
 LuDovicrs CoBEs, Secr^. 
 Below stood 
 
 He shall have preference, when it is thought advisable to occupy the land. Done in New 
 York, Oct. 2!), 1677. 
 
 Signed E. Andros. 
 Compared by me : Ludovicus Cobes, Secr^. 
 True Copy. Extract from the Minutes Oct. 22, 1(577. 
 
JVrio York Historical Itwonh. 515 
 
 Jacihiis I\cch and Imac de Trenx liuiubly request, tliat tlieir "Worships will reeoinmeiul 
 them to liis lloiKjr, the Governor General, for the seeon.l llit on tliis side of the Alohairk River, 
 provided they iiay the proper proportion of the anioimt advanced for the pnrehase of all the 
 lands. 
 
 Their Worships promise to recommend the case of the petitioners to liis Honor, the General. 
 
 By order of the Court 
 
 LuDoviccs CoBEs, Seers'. 
 Below stood ; 
 
 They shall have preference, when it is thoui^'ht advisalile to occujiy the laud. Done in IVeio 
 Fori; Oct. 2'.), 1677. 
 
 Signed E. Andeos. 
 Conij)a.red hy me : Litdovicus Cobes, Seers'. 
 
 LlliEKTY GkANTEII To LoUIS IHF BoIS A; I'^rNKlJ TO SkTILIC tII'(.iX Tin^ait I.AiNl) AT Esopus. 
 
 By the Govern o'. 
 Upon the Kequest of Louis du Bols h p''tners at Eaopus that they may have Liberty to goa 
 and Settle upon the Land by them purchased on the Southside of tlie Redoute Creeh, at their first 
 Convenience, These are to Certify that they liave Liberty so to do, Pi'ovided tliey binld a liedoute 
 there first for a place of Retreate & Safeguard upon Occasion ; Actum iu H'eio Yorlc, Novemb' 
 2", 1C77. 
 
 E. Andkos. 
 
 An OitnEE TO M''. Stephanus Cortlandt to puhcuase land at AVickees Creek. 
 
 Wliereas applica90ii hath been made unto mee by divers Persons for hinds at Wyolcers Creek 
 or adjacent parts on the Eastside of Iludsons River, the wliicli have nott as yett bene purchased 
 of the Indyan Proprieto", These are to Authorize & appoint you M"". Stephanus Cortlandt Mayo'' 
 of this Citty if tfitting Opportunity sliall present to treate with and agree for any part of the said 
 Land, for M'hich there may be present Occasion of Settlem', or for the whole with the Indyan 
 Sachems or Proprieto'^ Given under my hand in New Yorlce, Novembo'' 16, 1677. 
 
 E. An^dros. 
 
 The Paym' to be made Publicity at the ffort or Citty Hall att New Yorle. 
 
 Indian Deed for Land at Clavekrack. 
 
 {Fort Oraii(je Eeeords, Deeds, 3.) 
 Before me, Rohert Livinfjston, Secretary etc. appeared Wattav^yt and his son Apponewayett, 
 Waftaioyt's sister Sassioucha and her little son j\f(fsr/d,l<n/i>7,; all Muliiriindrrs, living at Scho- 
 Aw/i- who declared to have received full and satisfactory ]Kiyiiiciit fmin Mr. (ni-rifrmi S;i,r}if, nJiorst 
 for their title to a certain piece of land; which tlicy herewith ceilo ami I'onvcy to him, at the 
 Cloverrach, between the bouwei-y of Jan Roothaer and IMajor Ahraham Stars, beginning at a fall 
 
516 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 of the Kil called Kesie Ways Kil and reaching to the Kil of Major Abr. StMes, with the meadows, 
 islands and trees standing thereon etc. etc. Thus done and interpreted l)_y Arnout Cor'nelisse 
 Viele at Albany the first of January 1677-S. 
 
 Tlie mark u/^^ of Watta-wyt made 
 Ric¥ Pretty by his VSf ^ own hand for himself 
 
 ^- ^''^^''- and his son. 
 
 The mark \^ of Sassiouuha made Ly 
 Arnold Cor j^gj. ^^^.^^ y^ \iM\d for her herself and 
 
 Interpreter. j^gj, g^j^^ 
 
 In my presence 
 
 RoBKKT Livingston, Seer''. 
 
 Letter from Sece'' Nicolls to the Magistrates at Albany on Indian affairs. 
 
 At a Councell held in N. T. the 15"' day of Jan : 1077-8. 
 Gent. 
 
 The propositions made to you by tlie Oneydes Indyans the 20"' December last concerning the 
 delivery of the Makicander boy, as formerly ordered by the Go : &, also of y° party of Sinnehes 
 &, Oneydes which fell upon the Susquehannes Indyans behind Virginia excusing their ignorance 
 of the Covenant made betwixt Col. Coursey & them &c, with yo'' Answere thereupon, which we 
 doubte not but will bee very well approved of by y" Go, & are glad to heare those Indyans doe 
 so well comport themselves & comply with y^ Go. orders, hoping they will still continue in their 
 duty we shall take Care by the first opportunity to give notice to Coll. Coursey of what hath past 
 upon this occasion. "We have not further, l)ut take Leave. 
 
 Ey order of tlie Councell. 
 
 For y" Comand'' &. Comissaryes at Albany. 
 
 iF. Y. Jan. 17, 1677-78. 
 
 Order of Councell Jan. 15, 1077-78, in answ"' to the Proposiyon made by the Oneydes 
 Indyans to y" Comand'' & Comissary". 
 
 Letter from John Talcot (.)F Hartford to Cai-t. Salisbury at Albany on Indian ai'TAIbs. 
 
 Cap' Salisbu7y. 
 
 S^ — My service being p''seiited hoj^eing yo'' prosperity, have Sent only to acquant you y' two, 
 Indians viz : Wonthoquni & Woj)ray cam from yo"" jjarts as they say and bcnig taken up heer were 
 examined, and now at yo'' desyres have given y'" a passe for ther returne, and commend it to yo^ 
 Wisdom, whether it may not be a prudent way: "When any of the Indians of yo'' parts Shall 
 desyre to joruey into those pairts, that they receive y"" passe or a Ticket from such as you shall 
 appoynt, and we shall doe the Lyke, for the truth is in such a Criticall tyme, wee are at a loss to 
 know how wee shall behave om* selves among the Indians, thar wayes are so full of Tricks, and 
 know not friends from Enemyes, when wee meet y'°. Especially in the M'oods, o' peoplle are 
 at a losse, I make bold to suggest it to yo'' consideration for preventing anie luconveniencie, y' 
 oy'wyse may happen to y'" or our selves. Knowing y' a word from yo'^self will be a Sufficient 
 
Neil) Yorh Hint rival Itecof(U. 517 
 
 cheko to the Indians, -wee have no Xewcs only a catch is com Into Boston, with Intcllio'enee that 
 a ffrench ffleet Arrested 0!io Island called Tohayoe, Situat 60 or TO Leagues from Burrhadosse 
 that was planted by the Dutch, and Cutt off all men, women & children, Sparing uon, which if 
 true is most barbarous & Inhuman ereulitie. So to serve a Christian peopell, althou"-h one Ene- 
 niie in repute, People aj-e generally weell with us, the Small Pox yet remaues in Boston, becino- 
 spred upon the sldrts of y"" Toun, and no Infection in y= man strets and body of y° Tonu, 18 
 families Infected in Charleston, it being Lately Increased thar, I sent you a letter the last 
 August y' I might have given you a visit, but o"' Indians were frighted and returned, & now is 
 out of daite, it was in reference to one Muntmo y' the Mohaukes, alias Moquas carryed off from 
 Boston, that belonged to o'' Indians, and with request of his retui-ne, and that the Moquas will 
 
 keepo thar promise made to y° Gent, before y'' bono'''" Gov'^ Anilros 
 
 And not molest our Indian ffriends, but damnifie our Enemys. (What they pleased) but of that 
 I shall not Trobule you with, at this tym, I heare the Jloquase are in the Narraganset Cuntry and 
 have killed one of y* Surrendring Indians, that Live by JVorwieh Town, first shott him through, 
 then cutt of his Scalpe and run away, & yet remane Squlking up and down in our Cuntrey, I 
 hard Majo"' Pinchon say that Uncass wold have sent Wampam to the Maquass, but y" Gent, of 
 o'' Collony for bid it, and that the S'^ Uncass had fomented this amongst the Moqiiase which I 
 thought good to acquaint you, that it is a most grose Lye, for this I can assure you that o"^ Gov : 
 and councell liave given Uncass advyce from time to time yt he should keep his covenant with 
 the Mohaukes to pay Wampim in Case he had made anie Covenant with them, wee alwayes told 
 him it was his Interest & Saftie so to doe, and Sundry tymes wold faine have had him send to 
 them what "Wampam was due by Covenant & he alwayes slighted our Motion, Saying nothing 
 was due onto tlieni I mention it at this tym & the rather that I might take off an unjust 
 reflection or Imputation that may be cast upon us by Uncass and y' the Moquase may not bee 
 disgusted at us, for Councelhng Uncass about keeping of his "VVampam peay from them, knowing 
 that hee Needed no Such councell his covetous heart being Such a great freind to that Littel pairt 
 of the world hee haith in Possession, but I am sorry I have being so troublesome to you, hooping 
 you will grant me excuse for aU Erratas of this Natur, shall only add y' I am yo'' affectionat 
 ffi-iend & Ser' Subscribitur 
 
 JouN Talcott. 
 iibr the Ilono'''' Cap' iSaHslxinj, Commander in Chief at ffort Alhani/. 
 
 Hartford, Aprill 
 
 These may Enforin any .... Collony that the Indians Wonthoqum, 
 
 & wompray .... Lately com from ffort Allan// .... upon thar desyres, have 
 heirby .... to return to the place from -^vhen . . . without any Lett or disturbance 
 . . . . themselves peaceably and suitably .... English. 
 
 p"' John Tajlcott Ass' 
 of his Ma"''" collony of Coneticutt. 
 
 Copie of Majo'' Talcotts Letter to C. S(diJniri/ Apr. 8"' about two Indians of the Maquei, 
 seized on for want of passport & releast. 
 Arrived here the S-S"" 1678. 
 To bee answered. 
 The projwsall of Ticketts approved of, <k Signifyed to C. Salisbui'y. 
 
518 Colonial Settlements un the lluthon River. 
 
 Leitek from Commander Beockholls to Gov" Leete of Connectiout aboTJT 
 RivEK Indians, detained at Winsor. 
 
 By an Express This day from )" Coinmaud'' at AJhanij am informed y' 3 of onr River 
 Indians (young men) who were hunting eastward, in their progress fell neare Winsor in yo'' 
 Colony and having exhausted their small Stock of Shott, for a new supply in order to y" prosecu- 
 tion of their Bever killing ; Two of j" 3 went to y" Town of Winsor w"^ a Bever skin or two for 
 a Uecrute of shott, y'^ third remaining at y* Indian ffire, and in Exjjeetation of his Companions 
 Return wayted five days, but in y'' time neither seeing nor hearing of them, under some appre- 
 lientions of ffeare hasted home, and made Relation of y" matter w* hatli a Little amused our 
 Indians, where upon y" ffather of y'^ absent ( Watiawyt by name) y° bearer here of immediately 
 Repaired to me at Yorh and made applycation desiring This my Letter to yo'' bono'' to Retumo 
 liis sons if taken by any of yo' people as is by them supposed and ffear'd, w"^" if so These are to 
 Request yo"" most prudent favo" and fFriendly assistance in ffreeing and Returnmg Those two 
 young men. Excusing their mistake if through Ignorance they have extended Their Rang too 
 ffarr or intrenched on yo'' Limits : Yet if detained may prove of veiy 111 consequence and kindle a 
 fflame not soon to lie Extinguished ; Therefore my desires and further Request to yo'' bono'' is, 
 ffor y° preservation of j"" Generall publique peace That you will be pleased to Give Such orders 
 for their Release (if w'" yon) as may (in yo'' wisdom and Good Neighborhood) Be fit and Satis- 
 factory to their Relations and Nation, who as yet Continue Both ours and yo'' ffriends, I have 
 ordered this Bearer To Take a Christian w*"* him from Albany to your Colony, and pray y' if y° 
 said two young men bee at any other Town in yo'' Governm'y'" whats mentioned, you will afEord 
 them yo' assistance, or ffurther as Occasion (w'" Safety) may Require, and in all things of y'' 
 Like Nature as fformerly, sliall be still ready & willing To Retaliate ; and alwaise desirous of hold- 
 ing and maintaining a Good and Amicable Correspondence w*'' yo' bono''' self and all y'' worthy 
 Gentlemen of yo'' Colony while I am and Remaine 
 
 Hon"'" S' 
 Yo"' bono'''' most affectionate iirieud and humble Serv'. 
 ffort James in Nexo Yorh A : P> : 
 
 Aprill y« 16-1G78. 
 Toy" hon'''<= TT?'?^ Zeefe Esq' Gov'' of Coneticutt Colony. These. 
 
 Note from Secr' Nicolls to Surveyoe Andrew Norwood to lay out land on 
 Staten Island for Peter Ceoisson. 
 
 May 14, 1678. 
 I writte a note (upon Peter Croisson peti9on to C. Brockholls) to M' Andr Norwood the Sur- 
 veyo', to lay out a Lott for him upon Staten Islam,d neare the Long Neck by the Fresh kill, 
 bee having bene formerly abused by Robt Rider then in, & his old neighbor at Ilarlem liaving 
 bene unkind to him, desiring his returne of whats done. 
 
 M. N. S. 
 
New Yorh Hintorical JRecords. 519 
 
 Letter fkoii Eich" Woodhull at Seatalcott to Sece^ Nicolls, reporting a ru- 
 mor OF A COMBINATION BETWEEN THE FreNCH AND TUB InDIANS. 
 
 Sir. 
 
 I thought it my dutie to informe you of what M'' Tomson & the wife of John Poe hath De- 
 dared to me concerning an Indian who lives on the maiiie land being a p-'prietor of Setah that the 
 French at Cannada and the Indians on the maine have made a combination this Summer To cut 
 of the English. I have not had the Indian in Examination of it, but desire to acquaint you w"" it 
 first, and know your advith, in it before I stire in it, to Disturb the Indians, I Suppos y" Indian 
 might speak it in hope to geet Drink, I humbly request tliat you would be pleased to send sorn 
 directions aboiit it that it might Stop the mouthes of timeros people, that are redy to tak up 
 every report for truth though there may be litle in it. Thus w"' my Service p''scnted to Capt. 
 Broclcholls I rest your humble Servant 
 
 RlClIAKD "WoODIlDI.L. 
 
 ffor Capt. Mathias Nicolls, Secretary at New York. 
 Eec* May 17, 1678, brought yesterday. 
 M'' Eic¥ Woodhull Seatalccott May 17—1678 
 
 Thought fitt by the Councell to examine the Indyau of the Grounds of this report without 
 troubling the other Indyans. 
 Answered May 5i2, 1678. 
 
 Indian Deed foe L.vnd in^ Columbia County. 
 (Fort Orauge Records. Deeds 3.) 
 
 Before me, Robert Livinysion, Secretary etc a^jpeared a Mahicandcr Indian, called by the 
 Christians Knaep and by the savages Paantachnatt, who having also authority from his mentie (?) 
 named Pmmichkavi, declared to have received full and satisfactory payment from Mr. Dirck 
 Weasels and Cornelis van Dyk for their right and title upon a certain piece of land, situate on 
 the East side of Hudson river back of Jan Outns, about five English miles from the river, it 
 being a meadow called by the savages Takkichenon and reaching to or bordering on a piece of 
 woodland called Pamschenakassik, also upon another piece of land called Kehantik, having for- 
 merly been used as a cornfield, reaching towards the river. Etc. etc. 
 
 Done at Alhany, June ll^"", 1678. 
 
 The mark V — L of Ivnaep 
 made by C_-A^ himself . 
 
 The mark ^7 "f Tiamokenis 
 
 Richard Pretty made 5v( hy himself. 
 
 Jan Thomas ^ 
 Arnout Cornelisse Viele Interpreter. In my presence 
 
 Ro. LrvtNGSTON, Sec'y. 
 
 Letter from Cap'' Saltsbcrt at Albany to Commander Brockholst, about par- 
 ties OF Mohawks ooinq on the wae i-ath. 
 Cap' Brockholls. 
 
 S'. Upon the 20"> of present I received a Lcf from Scannecstada, y' there is 2 great troopes 
 goeing out of the Mauquas, iighteing to y° ISToi'th one troope for tiie (Jnagomujas, but y" other I 
 
520 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 am in thonglits y' thay will goe, to wards Major Pynclions or that way, to say how many there 
 is in each troope I cannot Learne, and what y'= Event will be, time muste bring to passe. I have 
 not had noe op''tunytie, to writ to Major Talkutt, since I have received his Lef, bi:t if yoii pleas 
 to Let me know any thing, what I shall, write, to hime, if op^tunity, Doetli present, I shall be 
 very Redy, all is well at the present, but my poore Child is at y" present very sore, biit I liope in 
 God he shall doe well, which is all at present from hime Y' is your very humble Serv' 
 
 Silke: Salisbury. 
 fforte Albany, y° 24'" of Jmie, 1G7S. 
 
 Letter from Cap''. Salisbury at Albany to Commander Brockholst ; reports 
 
 THE ARRIVAL OF A PARTY OF MoHAWKS WITH 22 NATrCK InDLAN PRISONERS. 
 
 Hon'' S'' Albany 27 June 1678. 
 
 This day there arrived here a troop of GO Maquas with 22 Prisoners, to witt 3 men 17 women 
 2 Boys & 2 Crounes (?) who say they are frind Indians of y° English, wliereupon I called y" Court 
 forthwith and Eesolved to send y^ Secretary & Aernout y" Interpreter to y' Prisoners, to exam- 
 ine them from whence they were, who doe say they are Natich Indians frinds to y" English & 
 under the Command of Major Guggine and say they were taken in a Indian Cornfield called 
 Magaehnah 6 mile from Suddberry, whereupon Tahaidons the fore fighter of y° Maquase was 
 told & Reminded of y" Propositions made by Major Pinchon & Mr. Richards then agents of 
 N : England, that y"'' should befrind y' friend Indians, and like wayse how y" Maquase 
 Promised to do tliem no harm, who answered and said they were taken about 6 mile from any 
 English Place & therefore did take them to be there enemies, Neverthelesse Tahaidons Promises 
 that they shall not be damnifyed till further order, but I cannot Rely upon his word. This is 
 that which hath now lately happened, I Desire that you would send me your advise there abouts, 
 by y° first, I doubt not if y""' be frind Indians (as they say) but you or I will Receive Letters 
 there anent Speedily, but if not Possiblie they will not trouble Them Selfs, but I doe Presume 
 hey are of there Praying Indians, because there is one amongst them that brought y* Indian 
 Bible here in Govern'' Nicolls time. No more at Present 
 
 I am S"^ Your very humble Serv"^ Silre : Salisbury. 
 
 Letter from Cap'' Salisbury to Commander Brockholst on Indian affairs, most 
 
 OF THE NaTTICKS HAVE BEEN BURNED BY THE MoHAWKS. 
 
 Cap' Brockholls. 
 
 I have Received yours baring Daite ye 4the of July, Concerning Tyador y" Maquas fore 
 fighter, & his prissoners, y" Natick Indians which I doe beleive, that y° Moste part of them Are 
 burned eare this time, as I have hard from others Indians yt Comes Every Day out of ye Lande, 
 you say y' I slioulde Sequere them in my hands, or be put to be kep' in y" hands of our frends, y' 
 Mohocanders all this was well, what you write, but the Mauquas, Are not those sorte of 
 people, y' Deliver up ther prissoners, for nothing, I doe beleive, I eoulde have Released them for 
 fl 200 or there abouts, but neaver had any orders, To Disburse any Money for another Collonys 
 
New York Ulstoviml Eecords. 
 
 521 
 
 Indians & if I shoulde then, the Gov^ .vonlde bo Angony, we haveing nothing to Doe with 
 
 them, nor Eeceive any proffitt by them, and with your leave my thoughts is, y' if vo JSfew England 
 
 people had any kindness for them, thay would have sent a man, time No£Ee"'to have bene at 
 
 Albany, to have spoken witli Tyadory for he was Long anoffe, on his way but about U Days 
 
 affter. Sends me a Let', to Desire me, to Threaten v" Mauquas, for them, but I Doe think Such 
 
 sort of Tmplyment, will becom them Selves better, y» Copy I have Sent to in my Laste for in 
 
 Stead, of Sending of Such a Lef, if thay, had sent me order to have Disboursed for them 500 or 
 
 600 Gilders, to have Given f Manq^ias, then perhapes there Eyees might, have bene open, but 
 
 other ways they be as Deafife as a stone. There are more troopes of y'' Mauquas out as I Doe 
 
 here but Come not in our towne, but goe over by y half Moone, I here y' one troop Containes 
 
 of 30 North Indians & but one Maxiquas in yer Company, What it will produce God knows 
 
 but I fere, it will not be good. This is all, at present from hime whose Desii-e is to be Esteemed 
 
 your friend & humble Serv* 
 
 ,,, ^ , „ SiLA"' Salisbuet. • 
 
 fort Albany y<= 
 
 ll'^of July 1C7S. 
 
 Ffor the hono"-'' Cap' Ai^fhony Bro.'lholls at Jam, x ff arte In Neio Yorl; 
 
 ' These. 
 
 Oedees & Instructions for M". S^uwuell Ely and Benjajhn "Watfe, agents 
 OF Massachusetts on a Mission to tue Mohawks with Petek ue Voes yo" 
 Inteepeetek. 
 
 1 You are heerby ordered (according to yo"' C'omission) by the first opportunity and as spedcly 
 & by the best way you cau To Tra\-le to y" Mucquas Cuntry. 
 
 2 As soon as yea cane speake w"" any of the Macquas tell them yea are sent from y'^ Gov' and 
 Couucell of the Mansachusettii, and with a Message of great Concernment, which you are to Im- 
 pairt to the Seachems & therfor desyre a full meeting of all thar Seachems, or as many of the 
 cheife of them as can be procured to whom when mett declare unto y'" from whom you are sent 
 & show y" yo' Commission. 
 
 3 Then tell them y' y" Gov' and all the IikjIUi, in these jiairts, have bene (ever since thar lirst 
 coming hither) good ffriends to the JLirquas, *k lui\e Never don them any wrong, and have 
 estemed the 2Iacqiias to be ther ffriends, and so have alwayes Used y'" when upon anie occasion 
 they had com amongst us, as they well know and may remember, And Therfor that they think it 
 strange & cau not but tak it very 111 that Last act of Hostilitie at Ifagtoncog, where they killed 
 three & carried away Captive Twentie four of our friend Indians, who are his Ma""" Subjects w"" 
 out any cause given by them y' wee know off, or any Complaint made to use by the Macquas and 
 so contrary to ther agreement & promise to Majo' Pinchon at Albany y" Last yeare & at Boston 
 afterwards by a party of y"" y' Cam to Majo' Pinchon at Iladley and to M'. Salisbury at ff(»'t 
 Albany, as hee Informes us, that they wold not kill or liurt anie of our Indian ffriends Especially 
 any of those belonging to JYatich, which those did, and therefor telly'" you are sent to know the 
 Cause & resone of ther thus acting as enemyes, & contrary to so many rejterated promisses ; and be 
 verie Carfull to understand all thar answeres clearly and fuly, which you are to Sett doun in 
 wrytiug. 
 
 66 
 
522 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 4 If they alleadge that ou' Indians have done them anie wrong, you may Tell them, that if y' 
 cane hee made appear, the Gov"' & Councell will cause them to Make due Satisfaction, and so wold 
 have done befor upon Complaint & prooff. 
 
 5 Tell y'" as tJie Inglish vse to keepe thar word and promise w*'' all Indians so they expected 
 the Lyke from them, above oy' Indians as seeming more generous & Ingenous, & having Till now 
 of Laitt Never found it otherwayes ; but have now great Cause to complein & be offended, That 
 instead of restraning o"' Indian Enemyes w* are com amongst them, from doeing us or o"' ffriends 
 any hurt or Injurie, as they promissed Major Pinchon at Albanie. they should joyne w"" them to 
 Destroy kill & Captivat those y* are ou'' ffriends & Subjects & under o'' protection, which wee may 
 not suffer, for as wee will not willinglie wrong the least company of Indians that have not Injuried 
 us. So wee cane not beare to great ane Injurie & Indignitie from the greatest & proudest of 
 them all. 
 
 6 ly You are to propose to y™ that if they bee willing & desirous (as the Inglish are) that peace 
 and ffreindship may bee preserved & continued betwixt us & them as formerly, that then th^y 
 wold send som of thar Sachems or cheife Men to Treat & conclud w"' ou'' Commission o" and those 
 of the oy'' Collonyes who are also heerin concerned at Hartford about the midle of Sep"' next, or 
 at Hadley if they Lyk that place better, or rather then faile at Boston, if they chuse it rather, 
 that so thare may be a right understanding liad off all thinges betwixt us & them, offences removed, 
 
 6 a fii-me peace setled for tyrae to Come w'^'' if they accept & will Ingage to attend, and in the 
 Mean tyme promise to forbear any further attempts ag' our freind Indians, thar need litell mor 
 bee said to them but friendly discourse (when you may take occasion to tell y"", that all the Ing- 
 lish in this Cuntry are King Gha/rles his Suljjects (Tho under severall Govrments) and tharfor 
 what wrong is done to any of y" he will acco' it as done to all, and to himself also, who haith 
 Multitud of Men to revenge it if there should bee Need) and yon may promise them a save con- 
 duct for thar coming and returne what ever the conclusion should bee. But if they absolutly re 
 fuse to attend any Meetings in any of the places propounded, then you are to demand of them 
 what thar Intention and Resolution is for tyme to Come, in reference to ou'' ffreind Indians, & 
 declare unto them that wee cane not distinguish y"" from other Indian Enemyes, nor Look at them 
 other then Such, if heeref ter they com so near to the Plantations & habitatioues of the English 
 and that ag' thar Consent, and to destroy our ffreinds who have Subjected themselves under our 
 protection. 
 
 7 ly In the generall you are to understand y' wee much rather desyre peace & ffreindsehip w"' 
 the Macques then to have them our Enemyes iff it may bee oljteaned upon just & honorable 
 tearmes and thearfor yea are to treat them accordingly fforbcaring all threatning and provoking 
 speeches, nor are yea tyed Exactly to declare unto y'" the particulars of yo'' Instruction es in order 
 as they are sett doun, but as may best suite w"' ther ansrs & preciding discourse. 
 
 8 ly If you finde y"" Inclyne to a Complyance & shewing any reluctancy for what they have done, 
 and any reall desyre to keepe ffreindsehip w'" the Inglish then you are to propose to them the 
 releasing of all the Capatives they have of our ffriend Indians, which yea may Tell them, will bee 
 taken as a reall pledge of thar Love & good will, and not foi-gotten by the English, when oppor- 
 tunity serves to Testifie thar Love & kynd acceptance thereof. But if yea finde they Carry them- 
 selves highly and proudly as bent to Quarells, slighting the English & refusing all former propo- 
 salls Tending to Peace, you may then tell them if it bee thar myndes & resolutioneto break peace 
 & ffreindsehip w"' the English, and to become thar Enemyes, without any Cause given by them, 
 that tlien they should doe well to declare it, that so wee may know how to Esteme of them heerefter. 
 
 9 ly You ai-e to avoyd as mucht as possibile yea Can the Speakiiig w"' the Macguas in the 
 
i\>y; York llistoneal llecords. 523 
 
 presence of any ffrier, .1 (.suits, or i\\\\vv jl'i'i iirh or any of our Indian Eneniycs y' arc amongst 
 them. Given at Bwton in 3Vw Emjlunil 11"' July 1(178 and Signed liy 
 
 Edwaku Kawson, Secf*' by CJrder of the CounceU. 
 
 This is a true Coppy Ex;imined by me 
 
 Rob'' Ln'LNGSTON Seer'''. 
 
 John Leveret Esii" Guv" of \^- MAssAcnusErrs Colony in N. England w''" y" 
 Consent of y'^ Consell tukke 
 
 To M^ Samudl Ehj & Benjnnmi Waht. 
 
 You are appointed k, hereby Commissionate & fully Impowi-ed by y" Gov"" & Councill of y" 
 said Colony with all Speede, to take your journey, & by y^ best ways & meanes you ean to Repaire 
 into y" JIaquas Coiintrey, & find out some of y" Maquas shewing this Commission, & acquaint 
 them, that you are sent by y" Gov"' & Councill aforesaid w'** a message, of great Concernment, 
 w'^'' you are to Impairt faithfully unto the Sachems of y*' said Maquas, their f rinds, in as full a 
 meeting of them all or cheifest of them as you can Procure according to y" Instructions herewith 
 given & Committed to you, & your Prudent Mannagement thereof And when you have attayned 
 a cleere & full understanding of y'' said Sachems Mindes, about what you are sent, by you & your 
 Interpreters, Peter de Vors, best skill & knowledge you are at all Possible Speed & diligence to 
 make your Repaire to y'' Gov"' & Councill in Boston, & declare to them, in writeing A: wliat you 
 have had and Received from them In testimony whereof y^ Gov"' of y" Said Colony hath hereto 
 affixed the Seale thereof & Subscribed his name, 12 July 1678. 
 
 Sic Subscrihitur, John Leveeet, Gov. 
 
 This is a true Copy Examined l>y me, 
 
 Roii^' Livingston, Seer. 
 
 Leiteu from PiiRE Beuyas, S. J. TO Cai-^ Salisucby on Indian affairs enclosed 
 
 IN A LETTER FROM Cap'' SALISBURY TO CoMMANDKR BrOCKOLST. 
 
 TioNNONTOGi'iN, July 1;3'\ lfi78. 
 S\ 
 
 I give this small Letter to this Sakemakc to Let you ioiow, tiiat a ])arty of the MaJdncjans 
 Tarakions, have past this way with two prisoners of the Algonquvis, who are Subjects under the 
 Conte of Frontenac, Major Andros did forbid those Indyans to make warre in those parts, & I 
 doubt not but bee will disapprove so unworthy an action, & will cause those prison" to bee 
 returned back out of the hands of those treacherous persons ; 
 
 You will infinitely oblige the Governo"' of Canada in yo"' endea\-t>''' to maintaine the peace in 
 those parts under yo'' obedience, & that you will use those mutinous ones, with the like severity 
 he hath lately, shewne towards those Mahingans inhaljiting about Canada, who brought away 
 those English prison'', from Boston. It is tlic prayer which in particular is made by him that is, 
 
 S', yo'' thrice humble & thrice obedient Servant, 
 
 J. Bruyar, 
 
 De la Comp" de Jesus. 
 
524 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson Rivet'. 
 
 The Superscription was, 
 
 Monsieur Salishury, Goverueur, AUjanie. 
 Cap'. BrocJchols. 
 
 I have not anything, to acquaint you with since my laste, only upon the 12 of tliis monnth 
 Come to this Towne, y° Create Seachem of y" Mauquas, called by y"^ Name of (Janiwiiunduwu to 
 hand us his beavers & with all he brought me, a Lef from Fere Breuyas, the which I have herein 
 cloesd, y' when you have perused I pray you to give me your Advis & Let me have it gaiue 1 
 Likewis tould this greate Sachem what an Evell thing, thay have done in takeiug the Naitticke 
 Indians, & Did Demande them as you Did advise in yours, he tould me y' thay was ther olde 
 enemys and Coulde say Littell, at y" present it, but whe;i he Came into y^ Lande, he woulde Call 
 y'' Woulfe, y" Beare & Siellpott meaning there 3 houses togeather and woulde see what would bee 
 Done & he woulde Let me here by y" ferste, I have written to M''. Wells y° Laste month for pro- 
 vitions, for y'^ Garrisson but Doeth not Let me here from hime neathr by provition or Let% 1 pray 
 you take some Care in it & Let there be som sent up by the ferst, for I have bought 3 barrells & 
 now its up, & here is not any to be gotten, Soe having noe more to truble you with, but Desires 
 to Remaine your humble Serv' to Command. 
 
 SiLVE. Salisbury. 
 ffort Albany y« IS'" of July, 1678. 
 
 S"', I have spoken to y^ Gaikils Indians y' have those 2 prisoners about them, & thay have 
 promised me, y' the Indians, shall be forth Coming. 
 
 For Cap' Anthony Brockkolls at ffort James in New York. 
 
 These. 
 
 (Endorsed by Seer. Nicolls /) that M"'. Wells hath already sent two barrells & sends now two 
 by Tlio. Verdun, for Pork M''. Wells sayes they had enough, before, for fresh provisions not fitting 
 to be killed to save & old very scarce to bee gott. 
 
 Letter from Commander Brookholst to Cap''. Salisbury on the murder of 
 
 THE NatTICKS and THEIR NEGLECT BY THE NeW EnGLAND PEOPLE. 
 
 I have rec* yo'''' of the 6"" & 11"' instant In the former Avere the jiticular bills of the french- 
 mans Expences at Albany, w"^ you excuse upon occasion of the order from hence. Truly had it 
 beene imagined that it would have admitted such a Lasitude, wee should have beene more cau- 
 tious in giving it, for I am very confident it will bee scrupled at, if not downe right found fault 
 with by the Go :, & I know not how it can now bee put upon the Governo'' of Boston to pay it. 
 Except wee could have had it time enough to send when these Gents were there, for they have 
 already concluded with them & paid all their disbursem", & ])retences & so that this after bill will 
 hardly find acceptance which wee thinke it more convenient to Let it rest, till the Go: 
 comes. As to yo'' owhe enhansing the reckoning, or countenancing any extravagance to occasion 
 it, I can not thinke any of the Councell are of that opinion, but doe believe you will doe yo"' best 
 to render a good ace' of all matters with you to the Go : 
 
 In yo"" other of the 11"" concerning Tyados the 3Iaques forefighter & his carryeing the 
 Natuck Indian prisoners to their Castles, where its said they have burnt the greatest part of them, 
 If the Letter from lience came to you before they went away & you demanded those prison™ 
 according to the directions therein, mee thinkes they should not bee so perverse to deny it, & it 
 
New York JIlHtorical Hecords. 525 
 
 seeines very strange tliat tlie Toace botweeue tis should bee held upon sueli nnctiuall & ticklish, 
 Tenues, that not withstanding wee deale with them in all Friendship yet they shall p-'snnie to 
 breake it when they please without eoiitroule, as now p'-ticularly, tlieir falling upon our Neighbo" 
 friend Indyans, contrary to their Engagem', & to expect money for their delivery, They deserve 
 rather a Check for their Insolence, tlien to bee soothed up in it, If they have such Encourageni' 
 their next attempt may bee upon Christians, so they may bee p'' for their Ransorae. I suppose 
 that Considera9on hindred the New Em/ men from sending money, neither cotdd it bee expected 
 you should have disburst it for them, but its a wonder they neglected them so much as not to send 
 after them sooner, when they themselves might have come & spoken with them & heard their 
 reasons & not to impose the trouble on you. However its not thought amisse, that they should bee 
 made acquainted of their breach in this p-'ticular with our Neighbo" ; which is not to bee endured: 
 The troope of 30 North Indyans with one Maques onely gone out as you mention, seeme to por- 
 tend no good, & having begun this by a party of Maques, greater Mischeifc may bee expected 
 ivom these others probably ag'' Christians as well as ludyans, which I pray God divert. 
 
 I have a Letter from M--. Griffith complaineing of Christopher Scaffe, who instead of making 
 him payment of what hee owes him, gives him ill words, which is an nnreasonable thing, I pray 
 take some Order for Smfes making W. Griffith satisfaction, or Let him have his Eemedy at 
 Law ag*' him. 
 
 Thus having answerd tlic i)''ticular8 of yo'' Letf'^ I conclude, remaining 
 
 July 20, 1678. 
 
 Your humble Serv'. 
 
 Letter fkom John PYNOFniN to Cap'' Salisbury, recommending the Massachusetts 
 
 AGENTS TO HIS KINDNESS. 
 
 Siyrimj field. July 20'" 1678 
 Capt. Salisburij. 
 
 S", Having Eecd order fro o'' Governour & Conneil to send away fro hence M' Sam^^ Ely & 
 Benja. Waite who are Commissionated to treate y" Maquas in behalfe of y^ Natick Indians, Two 
 whereoff are goeing upon y' designe, w"" an Interp'ter sent fro o" Councill Peter Van vorjs a 
 dutchman who formerly Lived at Al'ba7iy : so that there are five in all viz a Dutchman, 2 English 
 men & y^ 2 Natick Indians. I am advised & ordered to acquaint you w"' y" affaire & to crave 
 yo'' favorable aspect towards y'", & p''inoteing of y" designe w""" is quietness & Peace among y" In- 
 dians & consequently m'"' y" Eiujlixh In order to w*^^" a right understanding betweene ns & y^ 
 Maquas is needfull, & y' they may know & understand o'' Praying Indians are o'' Subjects, and 
 that vv'^'' is more his Ma"'''' ; whose corporation in London for p''pagating the Gospell in N. E. (some 
 where off are of his Ma"''" Privy Councill) have desyred & advised y'' securing &, p'serving, of 
 them, & It will not be well resented by his Ma''"" right Honorable Corporation whereoff M} Boile 
 is Governour, That the Maquas who are under Goverin' & oixier of y" English should w'" out 
 any cause destroy & captivate such his Ma""' good Subjects, W" I hope when known & Consid- 
 ered will occasion a stop to further p''Geeding & p''cure release & d'lry up of y" captives, y' they 
 have taken, I request yo'' furtherance of o'' Messengers there in & that they may as o'' Councill 
 Judges it best treate y® Maquas in their owne land, yo'' civillity toward these o'' Messengers & fur- 
 tlierancs of y"" that they may have free Passage to y'' Maquas, will I ho]ie tend to settlement of 
 & quiet & p''nu)te all o'' Interests, And unanimity among all y" English & setling Peace & 
 
526 Colonial ISettlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 quiet betwixt all o"' Indians may be of grt. concernni', should j" French make any Incursions w'='' 
 iff warr goe on betwixt o' King & them they may be like enough to attempt. Greate p'parations 
 for war are in Engld, & expectations y' it will be w'" France yet it is by some conceived to be a 
 measuring cast whether it will be or noe, for y" Dutch Boggle at an Ihibition of French goods 
 for 3 years w'" o'' King req"^ of y" & all y"= Confederates. A ship vf^^french goods at Weymouth 
 in Engld. was burnt according to ordinance of Parlam' &c : I suppose yo" have these things at a 
 better hand then I ; S'' Edmond Andros is coming over & at Sea so y' yo" may expect his happy 
 arrivall at Yorke Spedyly, w*^** I pray God grant ; S'' I have not to adde at p''sent but begging yo'' 
 Excuse for this Treble, w*" my endeared Love & reall respects to yo"^ selfe & M'* Salisbury, I am 
 S'', yo'' assured ffrieud & Servant, 
 
 John Ptnchon. 
 
 ^% it is reported y' one Nathanel Panumpum an Indian Murdered an English man nere 
 BraintryVA.s,i Sep' (by stabbing him in severall places, and then Run away ;) is at or about Albany, 
 if it so prove y' he is there, Please to dlv'' him to o'' Messengers to bring away y' he may answer 
 for so horrid an act. 
 
 These, ffbr y'^ Honored Capt. Silvester Salisbury at y® fort in Albany. 
 
 Letter feom Capt. Salisbury to Comm" Brockholst on Indian matters. 
 
 Capt. Brochhols 
 
 These Are to Let you know y' yesterday, Did Arrive here 5 people from Major Pynchon, 
 by ord' of the Gov' of boston, as you will see by y'^ Lef and y° Commission Inclosed, & A.re 
 ordered to goe to y^ Mauquas Land, & to treate with them, and to see if they Cane gett y' Natick 
 Indians againe, but I am very much afraid, y' thay will Come to Laite, for as I have hard, y' y® 
 moste p' of them Are burned, they Desired noe Assistance from me, only y* thay might have Lib- 
 erty to goe, which I have Given Leave, not seeing how I could avoyde it, & have sent Arnolt 
 alonge with them, into ye Lande, but not to Assiste them, only to goe alonge to heere, what there 
 Demandes is of the Mauquas, soe y' I may by y" next Give you An Account of there proceedings 
 but my thought is, y": y° Mauquas will not answer them anything there in y'' Lande, because y' 
 thay have Desired y' if any body that was strangers should Come for to speake with them, y' thay 
 muste speake at Albany, thay Demand of the Mauqiias y' thay will live in quiet and not to mol- 
 leste any of these nations of Indians as followeth viz, Matcyh Indians, Punquapok Indians, 
 Uassanamasasitt Indians, Wamasit Indians, neere Concord, Unkus lii(^\a.ns & Martins Vinsyard 
 Indians. Soey' if thay Doe prejudice to any of these nations in Confedrecy togather & if y" Mau- 
 quas will not be still then thay will fall upon the Mauquas with 800 Indians, & soe as one troop 
 Corns in another to goe for, but if thay will be quiat untiU our Gov" good Arrivall thay will bee Con- 
 tent, & then to make a generall peace, I Doe not understand y' y'= English will have anything to 
 doe in y'= Warr, but if it Cane posable to make pease, soe S'' 1 Desire your advise if that the 
 Mauquas should not Consent to there Demands, what I shall Doe or behave myselfe in such a 
 Casse, Soe haveing no more at present, but I Remaine 
 
 Your verry humble Servant, S"^ 
 July 23 1678 Silre. Salisbury. 
 
Neto Yorh HUtoviml Records. 527 
 
 Letter from Capt. Salisbury to Comm" Brockiiolst • tiik murder of the Natitcks. 
 Capt. Brockliolse 
 
 S^ These are to Lot yon know y' at y"^ present, wee l)ee at (juinf, hut liowe Longe it will Con- 
 tinew God Doeth know, y" Mauquas, Are verry much truhled, senieingly, at there Laste Action 
 in taking and buring of thos Natlrl- Indian ])risoners, for Contrary to^ what thay promised me, 
 thay have bnrned the raoste parte <.f them, if not all, and finde thay have hard, y' new England 
 people Are very Angory with them, which makes y" feerefnll, y' thay shall Come & fall on them, 
 but I Doe hero that y"^ Ifaquas, Ai-o procuring beavers, and Zeaw\ to give to y" people of 
 JVew England, and to make, An Exscuse for there Misstake. This is all the News at y'= present, 
 t\iQfrench yt Came from Boston & New Yorh staide here 3 Days & afEter on y^ 4"' Day tooke 
 there jorny to wards Cannaday and was very well sattisfied witli y" entertainment, y' thay 
 Eeceived at New Yorke, and this plase, but not sattisfied with Bodon Entertainm' & thay tould 
 them, at Boston how kindly thay was Entertained at Alhani/, Soc thay of Boston gave them 
 y« answer, y' its nothing but Eeason, for what was Exspended, they muste pay it againe, this depo- 
 sition is had from m'' De Lesigjiys owne mouth I Like wis Let you knowe y' with y" helpe of 
 the people of the towne, & ye hours, T have brought into ye forte, y" fountaine y' Lay with out, 
 after li days hard labour, & Doe hope it shall proove a very Excelent peece of work, for y" well- 
 fare, of y" Garrisson, & Doe liope y' all will be Compleated this \veeke, but not with out Charges 
 to his Eoyall hynesse. Soe having noe more but Eemaine your humble Serv' to Command, 
 
 Sii.KE. Salisbdry- 
 ffort Albany y" 25"-(..f July, 1078. 
 
 ffor the Ilouno''' Capt. Anthony Broel-Jwls at James ffnrte in Nevi York These. 
 
 Letter from Comm" Brockuoest to Capt. Salisbury. Indian affairs. 
 
 C. Salisbury. 
 
 I have rec'' yo'" of the IS"' currant, The enclosed Letter from (lie Jc-snito iaiher Bruyas who 
 complaines of the wrong done to the Indyans which hee calls J/a/ihiga/is Tarraktons in taking 
 
 & carrying away two who who are subjects of the Count of Fronicnac, They 
 
 having beene forbid by o'' Govei-no'' to make warre in these parts. Hee speaks somew' of pun- 
 ishing these who have done this Injury as the Governo' of Canada hath lately beene Severe with 
 those Indyans of Canada (whom liee calls Mahingans likewise that brought the prison" away 
 
 from Boston Governm'. As wee are ignorant what Seventy liath beene so wee 
 
 from thence but its thought requisite 
 
 you secure the two prisoners in the hands of Catskill Indyans which I take to bee the same 
 complaned of & take them out of their hands that (if understood to bee freinds) they may bee sent 
 againe to their people. 
 
 The Letter I have here enclosed sent you back. As to yo' discourse with the great Sachem 
 
 of the Maques Ca^monundewa who brought , & yo' demand of those . . . 
 
 Indyans taken & carryed away by them, you did very well in it, & theyl I hope advise together 
 for their returning them back againe. I have spoke to M;'. Wells about some pro.vissions for the 
 Garrison with yon, who tells nice hee hath already sent you up two barrels .... & now 
 sends Two more by Thomas Verdun . . . hee sayes you had enough before . . There 
 
528 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 had beene fresh provissions sent, but in this weather its not fitting to bee killd to save, & old pro- 
 vitions are very scarce, but however Care will bee taken you shall not want ; There is a vessel 
 arrived from London that had 12 weeks passage, the Master brings . . Newes of the Gov- 
 erno™ being prepar .... when hee came w'^'' was .... Aprill no warres the . . 
 great prejiaracjons. I shall conclude having not further at present, & Remaine 
 
 July 28, 1678. Yo"'' humble Serv'. 
 
 The Maquase answer to y"^ Propositions Propounded to them this day by 
 M\ Sam"-'- Ely & Ben Waite Messengers sent by y'' Gov" & Councill of 
 Boston & in y' Court house of Albany this I*'' day of Aug*''. 
 
 A° Dom. 1678. 
 The Names of y*" Sachems. 
 
 Camachkoo — Soriwezee — Karahize — Kaeioannere — Auworongee — Turie — Interpreted 
 by Aernoui Corn. Vlele. 
 
 1. They doe say, that y" English of If. England & they have alwayes been good frinds, and are 
 so still, & must Acknowledge to have been always welkom & well Eeceived by y* English in 
 there Plantations, but neverthelesse that this is y° ordained Place to hear Propositions in, lett them 
 come from what pairt they will, to speak w'" them, & were spoke to here Last year by Major 
 Pynchon &c in y^ presence of y*" Gov' Gen". 
 
 2. You say there is a fault Committed in takeing away of those Indians at Magonoog, tis true 
 we acknowledge it. Butt in who lyes y' fault ? it may be in our young Indians who are like 
 wolves, when they are abroad ; Possibly in y'= North Indians that live among us, & y" Indians of 
 Magoncog are not y" lesse to blame, they not dwelling as frind Indians in y" Woods, haveing a 
 Castell so well fortifyed w"' Stockadoes, which frind Indians need not liave, therefore did Imagine 
 them to be Enemyes, for these Indians that live in or about y' English Plantations, w'out fortifi- 
 caQons, we did never any harm too. 
 
 You have spoken to us by way of discourse without giving of any Presents (though nsuall 
 upon bussinesse of Consequence) and we sliall answer j'ou y' same way y' never by us is Practiced. 
 
 3. That wliich is now done by our Young Indians or Soldiers vizt y° takeing of those Indians at 
 Magoncog, we give them no thanks for, neither was it by your order, but it is as we have said, 
 when they are abroad are like wolves in y" wood. 
 
 4. Brethren you had warrs w' y^ Indian Enemyes before we, for when diverse of your touns 
 were burnt doun, then our Gov"' Gen" did Incourage us, & told how his frindes in N. England 
 were Involved in a great warr w^ Indians and that some of y'' Enemys were fledd to hosack, 
 Incourageing us to goe out against them, and we and our Gov'' Gen" being as it were on body, 
 went out, upon his desire against them, and killd some and Putt y'' Rest to y'* flight, & soo have 
 Continued in y° warr ever since, and if we came to night to your Praying Indians, why were not 
 we warned & bid hold up, & goe no further. Therefore y" Brethren may be assured of our good 
 heart & y" Continuation of Peace & vrindship on our sides. 
 
 5. The Brethren desire that we should Restore all y^ Captives y' we have of your frind Indians 
 taken by our folks, w"'" we doe not Refuse to doe. You dfesire likeways that we may come to 
 Hartford, hadley, or Boston, to treate w"' your Commissioners there, to that end there might be a 
 Right understanding of all affares betwixt us &c which we cannot Resolve upon to come & treat 
 in your Governm' This place being thereunto ordained, but let Major Pynchon (or any other 
 
New York Historical Records. 
 
 529 
 
 whom y" Brethren please to send) come here as lie did last year, we shall then in his hon^ y= Gov- 
 Gen" Presence deliver up y Demaunded for Pi^isoncrs & treate of all AfTares, sccin-: tliis is y" 
 house to hear Propositions in, as Major Pynchon well knows. The Governo'- Gen" & "you of V. 
 England & we are one in one triple Allyance w* another. 
 
 Upon this following Proposition we cannot forbear (according to our Custom) but gi\-e a 
 small Present though of little value being a faddom of Sew'. 
 
 6. Brethren the Covenant that was made here last year betwixt Major Pynchon & us in the 
 Presence of y' Gov-- Gen" is as f\ist firm & Inviolable as ever it was, and if our warring against 
 y° Indians of y^ North in Generall doth not Please you. Pray aquaint us here therewith.'' 
 
 7. They doe Repeat again that y'' Covenant made w"" y^ Brethren is as firm as ever it hath been, 
 & doe Present some Zw' made Pound as a Circle which y^^'' Compare toy^ Sonne, saying that there 
 alyance is as firm and Inviolable as y'= Sonne, and shall have such a Splendor as ^ beames thereof, 
 & say further more y' if any will speak w'" them, that this is y= appointed Place, as they of Mai-y- 
 land have done, & that in y" Gov. Gen" Presence. 
 
 8. Brethren There is a troop or 2 of our Indians out, against your and our Enemies, who know 
 nothing of this, & if they should come to your habita^ons, let not them be kept fiist, or any harm 
 done to y™ and if y'^y should Ignorantly take any of your frind Indians then shall be no harm 
 done to tliem but Restored again to any whom you shall Commissionatt to Receive y" same, w"' y*^ 
 Rest Provided our GoV Gen" be Present. 
 
 This is a true Coppy Translated, Compared & Revised p'' me 
 -^thany Kob^ Livingston Secr>'. 
 
 datum up supra 
 
 Letter feom Comm" Brockholst to Capt. Salisbury, censueino him for allow- 
 ing THE Agents of Massachusetts to go into the Mohawk country. 
 
 Capt. Salisbury. If. T. Aug. 2"'', 1678. 
 
 I rec'^ two Letters from you this morning by the hands of M^ Ilambletmi, -with the enclosed 
 Letter from Major Pynchon to you, & a Coppie of the Go : of Bostons Passe to two of his peo- 
 ple to goe to the Maqiies Land. The Letter of greatest Concerne was without date, but doe 
 guesse it varyed not much from the . . . the other being the 25"" past. The matter being of 
 more than ordinary importance I forthwith Communicated it to the Councell, & upon serious & 
 Mature deliberation doe find that you have done unadvisedly, & cpiite contrary to the Governo" 
 practice & positive Orders (which you cannot be unaccpiainted with) to suffer persons of another 
 Government, to goe to the Maques upon any ace' whatsoever to treate with them in their owne 
 
 Land, & if they at this push them as to refuse to give their 
 
 Messengers any answere there, but to putt them off, both to the making of their demands, & 
 receiveing their Answer at Albany (as you intimate) It will be very well (but no thankes to you 
 for it) who p''raitted them to goe in. Certainely j'ou cannot but remember this very thing of 
 
 goeing to treate with them hath attr Here came 
 
 p''sons from the government of Conecticutt upon the same Errand, (of w"'' one of them by name 
 
 M'. Willis one of the first the Councell) who used many Arguments that they might bee 
 
 p'mitted to goe to & treate with these people for a future good understanding betweene them & to 
 give them thankes for tlie diversion they had made of their Indyans enemyes Arines from them, 
 07 
 
530 Colunial Settlements on tlie Hudson River. 
 
 by their falling on & engaging agf them, then that after came their deputy Governo'' Major Treate 
 to reinforce what formerly had been proposed who though all civilly treated by his hono' went 
 away with flatt denyalls of their making any treat with them unless at Albcuny, with the Governo'^ 
 approba9on & in his presence, which afterward you very well know was admitted when Major 
 Pincheon & M'. Richards appeared there on behalfe of y' two Colonyes (whose Interests are 
 Lincked) & Coll. Coursey upon another subject from the Go : of Maryland. The Go : being 
 allwayes present, & Managing the discourse on all hands that they might not prove prejudiciall to 
 the Interest of his R. II' in this Province ; 
 
 It is a thing of extraordinary Consequence & most uncertaine how the promises of those of 
 
 & treats on the other may worke with those Indyans, who formerly 
 
 lookt on none but o' Go : for tlieir Patron & now will find liim slighted by these Gent" both who 
 sett up for themselves, & would make warre or Peace witli our Indyans without our Consent or 
 privity, wee ai-e all troubled to think how ill the Go. will resent this, especially when liee shall 
 reflect on the vast expences bee hath beene at, in obliging these people which now will probably 
 bee to litle or no purpose, if the Maqioes should bee tempted to seeke . . . . It is somewhat 
 
 also to bee admired what the Go : of Boston for Indyans, 
 
 knowne sufficiently to bee in this Government & in his haste hee takes no notice of our Governo' 
 or his deputy by whom they are to passe but directs them to goe to the Maques Land, &c In the 
 passe there is naention made of Instructions given them, but you particularise none of them, wee 
 hope they had the good manners to shew them to you or tliat you demanded the siglit & copy of 
 them which would have beene well to have sent down. You suggest, that the English will have 
 nothing to doe in y'' warre, if there should be any ; tis not well comprehended by us for the out 
 planta^ons at least, will bee lyable to outrages & Mischeifs on one side or the other, & it may bee 
 the whole Governui' rue for it : Major Pincheons plausible pretences to you & desyre of your 
 
 assistance in designe of sending their Messengers forward might bee admitted 
 
 of some longer Consideragon, & it would have beene more acceptable to have sent them doune 
 hither, or to have kept them there, untill you had some advice or directions from hence, then the 
 sending Benjamin Waite & his Comerade downe was, who went in Quest of their . . neither 
 as yo' saying understood that you could not avoyde their goeing, when but that one word of your 
 mouth I know would have put a stop to it, their number or force was not so great, but the buis- 
 nesse being so farre gone, wee can onely give our sentiment, but know not what to doe in it now but 
 Leave the rest to the Events & the Go : Judgment & determina9on who wiU not bee absent much 
 longer. 
 
 As to what you mention in yo'' Last Letter, of the uncertainty how long things will bee 
 quiet with you, & the Maques being troubled about the Nattick Indyans, who you thinke are 
 most burnt by them, what is past cannot bee recalled, but doe wish you had more vigorously 
 demanded these prison" out of the Maques hands, whilst with y" (as directed) which might have 
 prevented these apprehensions, but there is no living with the Maques at this rate, that they shall 
 take what prisoners they please either freind or foe & without a ransome destroy them. I shall 
 conclude & heartily wish there may bee a right understanding of these matters, that the Go : at 
 his Returne bee not too much displeased therewith w^'' I am not willing to question but you have 
 done to y'' best in yo'' Judgm' so I remaine. 
 
Neio Yorl Historical Records. 531 
 
 Letters from Capt. Salisbury to Secr^ Nicolls and Commander Brockholst. 
 Indian affairs; French Fort near to the Senegas above Cadai{ackqui 
 Dcare S^ 
 
 I have not anything worth acquinteing jou with onely on the 5 of this inountli about 5 in tlie 
 afternoone god was pleased to bestoe & blese me witli a doughtr & as to otlier News is this j' 
 Takaghkaratt a forefightr of y« Maques has bene ia y" North with 20 men & has met with a Neste 
 of Eoges of y° North Indians, y' hath Lived this 2 year by therselves without any coraspondeancy 
 with Chi-istian or Indian, and have killed 5 & have tooke 6 alive, & yesterday M^ Windall of this 
 towne being at Socumecstada spoake with a Mauquas that came from Cannada & he toulde him 
 f there was Arived ivomf ranee live Shipes with 2000 men and y' thay had found aSvlvermine 
 and y' thay was bilding by it a greate fort to Containe 80 great gonns & y' thay was bildeing 
 another for betwixte Cauderaque np y" Lake Neere to y" Sennickes to get all the trade & to hinder 
 all thay Cane for Coming heere, this is all the news at present from him y' is your Loveing freind 
 & Serv'. 
 
 Silve: Salisbury. 
 forte Albany y« &"■ of Augs' 1678. 
 
 ffor Capt. Mathias Nicolls at James fTorte in New Yorke. 
 
 These. 
 Capt. BrockJiols. 
 
 S^ Yours I have Received bareing Daite f 20"" of y^ Laste mounth wherein yon hintc, y' y^ 
 Gov'' will be Dowue Right Angry Conserniug y" Exspence of ihefrench when heere if he be it 
 Cannot be helped, for it is too Laite to Call yesterday againe. 
 
 S'' y" 5 of this mounth God has bene pleased to Increase my fammily with a Littell Doughter, 
 & on y* 7 Came from y' North a forefighter with a troope of 20 Indians under his Command his 
 name is called by y'* Mauquas Takaghkarat and he haith Light on a Company of 15 North In- 
 dians that has bene from all manor of Sosyaty of Father Christians or Indians this 2 years thay 
 have brought alive 2 men 1 woman & 3 Litell boys & have kild 5 & 4 maid an Eskape Soe y' 
 neste of mnrderars is broken, the Mauquas Came through all the English plantations & was very 
 Glad of the Enterpris, I had Likwis an Accomp' given me by M''. Windall one of this towne 
 that he being at Scannecstada Spoake with a Mauq^ias y* Came from Cannada Lately and he 
 toulde hime y* there was 5 Shipes Arrived from f ranee with 2000 men and y' thay had found a 
 Silver Mine not far from Queheck & y' thay was goeing to make a greate forte and to put in 80 
 peeces of Ordenance, & more y' thay Are makeing Another forte a greate way above Caderroek- 
 que Neere to y" Sennickes to Ingrose all the traide jiossable they Cane, This is all the News y' I 
 liave at present from hime y' Remaines your very humble Serv'. 
 
 Silve. Salisbury. 
 fforte Albany, y« 8'" of Aug* 1678. 
 
 £Eor the Hon"'" Capt. Anthony Brockhols at James fforte, in New Torke. 
 
 These. 
 
 Council MnrorEe. Measures to counteract French influences among the Mohawks. 
 August 20, 1678. 
 
 Two of the Comissaries of Alh : Marten Gerrits & Dirck Wessell & W. Livingston the 
 Secr. were with the Go : to represent, That they do api)relicnd & linde that i\w Indyans both Ma- 
 
532 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 quas & Nortli Indians with the River Indyans, are like to bee drawne away from ns by 'ih^.french 
 who come frequently amongst them, give great Encouragemen'" to them by giving them Land & 
 fforts, divers being already gone to them, to whom they have given 4 Forts, & put a head over 
 them done by the Go : of Canada one Cryne is made their Sachem, a Maques. Their opinion is 
 That the Maques may bee nnderhand advised to give all Encouragement to draw back the Indyans 
 that are gone to Canada whether Maques, North Indyans or Mahicand^^ by proposeing to make 
 them Forts by themselves & to liave liberty to chuse a Sachem or head over them as the others 
 have, the which the Governo' will also countenance them in. 
 
 There was discourse whether it bee prop'' that those of Alh. who trade direct with Engl'^ should 
 handle with the Indyan, and thought not convenient. 
 
 Aug 22'\ 
 
 It being represented by M^ Martin Gerrits & M". Dirck Wesells, Two of the Comissaryes 
 at Albany deputed That divers of our Indyans of the Maques & Mahicand'' with them are drawne 
 away by those of Canada by the great promises & Encouragements given them, which may prove 
 of ill Consequence, praying & desiring a remedy to put a stop to it, Ordred That all fitting En- 
 couragement bee given to the Maqv£.s, Mahicanders, our Indyans or others & land assigned them 
 to build forts together or a part in some convenient place if desired in y^ Governra'. 
 Aug 23'->' 
 
 The trading with the Indyans at Albany, & of the Inhabitants there trading into Europe 
 being complained of & enquired into. It is ordered That for the future no person shall trade with 
 the Indyans at Albany, but the Inhabitants there, nor none of Albany shall so be Merchants & 
 trade over sea into Europe. That all Free men of Wew York who are allowed to goe up the 
 River, may sell to or trade with Christians att Albany paying the usuall Dutyes as formerly, & 
 former priveledges continued for these of Alh : at JV. Y. 
 
 COTTNCIL MmUTE. ScHENECTADY AfFAIRS. 
 
 At a Councell Held in JVew Yorke, September the 6"* 1678. 
 
 The Commissaryes of Sohanecktade having made Applica(;on to the Governour, that the fifth 
 plaine or fflatt Land on the other side of the Maques River may be disposed of for a Minisf 
 Reader &c. 
 
 And also that the Rest of the plaines or fflatts may bee at the disposall of the Court, Ordred 
 that the Land on this side to the South of the River may bee disposed of to bee settled and upon 
 retume of Surveys thereof Pattents shall be granted, but not on the other side until further Order. 
 
 An Extract out of the Records at Alb : signed by JRoht. Livingston Seer. Concerning a mat- 
 ter in diiierence betweene Johannes Provost Sher' of Alb : p" & Lodevicus Cobes Schout of 
 Sohanecktade Def about two Boots'^ or Fines imposed or compounded by the s'' Schout above the 
 Regula(;on of Sohanechtade, which gives no farther power then for 40 g'' bev''' &c. There being 
 an arrest layd on 100 g" (p't of the 1"' fine) the w'^'' was so to continue untill the Go : pleasure should 
 bee knowne ordered to bee determined according to former practice & last Regula9on & orders. 
 
 * The Dutch word " Boete," a fine. — Ed. 
 
Neio Yorh Historical Records. 533 
 
 Letters from Gov" Akuros to the Magistrates of Albany and Schenectady. 
 Geu'^ iV^. Y. Oct. 31, 1678. 
 
 I have rec'' yo'"^ of the 25"^ in answere Whereunto you may take Notice, that all Indian 
 Trade is Strictly prohibited at Sehanectade, as in all other out places, as per Order, to be Executed by 
 the Co" & Schout of Albany as formerly ags'' all Infring''" in said Schaneetade as well as other out 
 places, & s'^ Sehanectade, As in Appeales to bee in this Case of trade, & all Cases relateinge to it 
 Concluded by the Co''' of Albany. 
 
 The Duke Intends the ffamily of Benslaers, their Just i-ights formerly enjoyed, to bee Con- 
 firmed to them, but without wronging any Others of w^*" all Care and Regard Shall bee had, & 
 therefore the Co^ and Offic" are to take Care there bee no disturbance or NeedlesseExpence made 
 by the Inhabitants, upon Reports or Rumor' to their prejudice. 
 
 I have Ordered the 334: & ^ Sches of Wheate and 60 Schepls of pease to y" Church Offic"' for y^ 
 Redeeming Slaves in Algiers as sent & not doubting yo' continued Endeavor' for all publick 
 Concerns as authorised I remaine, 
 
 ffor the Comissaryes & Schout of Alb. Yo"^ affectionate friend, 
 
 E. A. 
 
 Gent'. 
 
 I have together with a Lrc from the Co" at Alh. rec'' yo'' order or Result of y" 21" inst'. for 
 obstructing the Sheriffe or Schout of Alh. doeing his duty in yo'' Towne, according to former 
 practice & orders relating to Indyan trade which priveledge & power of the Co''' & Schout of 
 Alb : I doe not understand to bee any way infringed or taken away from them, but as yo'' first 
 Settlement was onely for husbandry with Expresse conditions not to trade in yo'' Towne often 
 confirmed since, if you have in yo'' Late act or Shall transgresse therein you must bee Lyable 
 to Seizure & concluded by any Censure therein, or detenninaQon of the Co''' at Alb. or formerly 
 & in any of y" particular Concerns or Risks, you shall AUways find race 
 For y" Commissaryes of Schanechstade, Yu^ affectionate friend, 
 
 If. Y. Oct 31, 1678. " E. A. 
 
 Indian Deed to Lewis Drnois for l.ajstd in Ulster Co. 
 
 Appeared before me Win. Be La Montagne Secretary at Kingston in y* presence of Wm. 
 Ashfordby and Joost Adriana two out of y" Court of Kingstoum, Kenthirnin., Kapetagin & Sema, 
 Esopiis Indians, whoe acknowledged to have given unto Leiois Dubois their lands laying to y" 
 lands of Lewis Didtois & his partners, to y^ Lands of Sewahanamie & the Same on both sides 
 of y" Creeke and y" land called in y* Indian tongue Pawachta to Paka^eeck, Wakaseek, Wakan- 
 konach, beginning from y^ high mounts obliquary through y" woods to y" greate Swamp laying 
 between y^ river. The said Indian doe confesse to have given y^ said Land freely and not to act 
 anything against it & doe promise to free y"" said Dubois for further demand and doe transport y« 
 
534 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 said Land free & Liber «fe not incombred for him & his heires and they have signed this into y" 
 
 records with their owne hands y® 28"" Decbr 1678 at Kirigstown. 
 
 Agreed with y" records Signed by y* marke of 
 
 Quod attestor Kapetaoin 
 
 Wm, De La Montagne by y* marke of Kentkamtn 
 
 Secr^. by y^ marke of Sema. 
 
 Petition of John Ward foe leave to ptTBCHASE Indian Land near Makeletown. 
 
 To his Excelentie, 
 
 Sir Edmund Andross K' and Gov"' Gen" : Etcetara. 
 
 The humble petition of John Ward Sheweth y* he hath always been bound to your Hon"' 
 for your former favors And humbly craveth Leave of your hon'' for one more y' is to have Leave 
 to buy a p' of Land from y^ Esopus indians cald Cochsingh it lyeth Almost behind Marhletown about 
 30 or something more acres And your petitioner Shall, Ever pray. 
 An order sent to Esopes hereupon to have a patent at the returne. 
 
 Oeders To BE Observed by all Masters of vesells & Traders att Albany, 
 AT Importation & Exportation. 
 
 By the Govemour. 
 
 1. That no Sloop or vessell goeing up Hudsons River for Albany, doe unload any Goods by 
 the way, Entered for said place, unless by License & Certificate from the Officer & Magistrate of 
 
 2. That no Sloop or Vessell when Arived, & att Albany, unload any Goods or Merchandize 
 before Notice, & a permit for the same & time for the wayter to goe aboard. 
 
 3. That no Merchant or trader or Master, att Albany, doe ship or Receive on Board, any 
 Beavers or poltry, without a due & perticuler Entry, of the same, & Clearing, or permitt for it. 
 
 4. All which to be observed upon penalty of Seisure, as by Acts of Parlement. 
 New Yorke Aprill the 11'" 1679. 
 
 • Past the office. E. A. 
 
 M. N. Secr^. 
 
 Letter from Thomas Chambers to Gov r Andros sending two sealed sacks of 
 wheat each op four schepels, according to an order of Council. 
 
 fox Ball May y= 23»'' 1679 
 Right Ilonorable. 
 
 S"" according to an order received from yo"' Hon'' bearing date y" 25'" of Aprill 1679 I have 
 sent downe by Menls Roogahooine two Baggs or Sackes of wlieate containing four scbeples each 
 bagge being exactly measured by y® sworne meeters in preasence of y" Maiestrates of this place & 
 
New YorJc Ilintorical liceords. 535 
 
 soe cairfully sealed up w'^ y* same scale as in -f Margent. S"' Wee have lieere above 200'^'' of 
 Buckwheate W^" was not upon y" account of y« Excise w^" I would desire yo' Hon' to give inee 
 or what I shall doe witli it, for it naust be disposed of speedily, other wayes itt siiall take 
 hurt w"' lyeing, having not further to acquaint yo'^ Hono' w'" at preasent but y' wee are (Blessed 
 bee God) all in good health, & in peace & quietness, soe wishing yo' Hon"' all health and pros- 
 perity I humbly take leave &, rest, 
 
 Yo'' Hon" most obleeded Servant to remaine, Thomas Chambers. 
 
 Eight Honorable having heere 2 meeters & each of them have a Scheple soe y' wee have 
 marked y'' Sackes w"' y" first letters of his name to whom y^ Scheple did belong, the one hath F. 
 H. y-^ other E. P. 
 
 ffor y" Eight Honorable S"' Edmund Andross Govern'' Gonerall of all his Eoyall Highness 
 Teritories in J.wie/7C« att_/'n;'fc t/a?/i-t'6- this humbly present. N. Yorke. 
 
 Letter From Gov. Andros to Gov^ Carteret in New Jersey calling upon 
 
 UIM FOR SUCH contributions OF MATERIAL FOR THE KEI'AIR OK FoRT JaMES, AS 
 HAVE BEEN DELIVERED TO HIM. 
 S' 
 
 Having had Extraordinary Expence since my coming to the Government for the Fortifica- 
 tions & repaires (perticulerly) of this his Ma"''^ Fort not yet Complcated, and for which as of pub- 
 lick Import to the whole Countrey, there was in the time of Governour Golve the late Dutch 
 Governour Severall Materialls Ordered to be provided, in the Severall parts round us, as lime &c 
 now wanted, some of which having been sence demanded & received by you ; This is to desire 
 you to take present Order, that Such lime or other Materialls received by you upon these Accompt 
 bee forthwith remitted here, to be applyed as designed, for the Eepaires of this his Ma'"^ Garri- 
 son, It Importing his Ma'"'* Speciall Service & preservation of the whole Countrey 
 S' 
 
 Your affectionate & most humble Servant, 
 
 E. A. 
 Fort James in New YorJce 
 Juiiei"' 1679 
 
 Letter From Secr'^ Nicolls to M"^ Billop at Staten Island, requesting per- 
 mission TO have lime burnt on her land, by THE Governors Order. 
 
 Madam. 
 
 Here hath beene two Men with tlie Governour, Bartlett & CUas Smith, Complaining that 
 having (as formerly in other places) provided Shells & burnt a lime Kill upon Staten Idand, 
 about a mile & a halfe from your house, you have fors't them from thence, upon pretence that it 
 was y' Land, & though out of fence, you would not suffer it ; The which the Gov""" liaving referred 
 to mee, These are to Acquaint you, and lett you know, that it hath been tlie Constant practice 
 (Througliout the whole Government, that all persons may & have had Liberty, & soe adjudged) 
 to cutt wood, timber, fetch stones, make & carry a way lime &c, upon & from any Land or Ground 
 not within Fence, though some regard to be had, near the habitation or plantavon of Such as are 
 
536 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Settled, According to which you are also to have regard & not only Suffer those men to proceed 
 in their Lawfull Labour, (if without fence) but also to take care so to Satisfy them, that they do 
 not further Complaine of your obstructing them, nor any other in the like occation. 
 I am Madam 
 
 Tour Humble Servant 
 
 M. N. 
 New Torhe June IS'" 1679 
 
 Council Minute. Eeception of Colonels Kendall and Littleton Agents from 
 
 YiEGLNIA to meet THE FIVE NATIONS AT AlBAJJY. 
 
 At a Councell held in New Torke the Sl^' day of July 1679 Present, S'' 
 Edmund Andross, Governour, M"' Mathias JVicholls Seer. Mr. Fred- 
 rick Philips & M' WiU'" Delavall of the Councell, Mr. Thomas, 
 Mayor"' of the City, M'' Cornelius Steenwyclc, Mr. Nicholas De Meyer 
 & M'' Stephen Cortlandt of y'' same merch 
 
 Upon Applyca(;on of Colonell William Kendall & Colonell Southy Littleton Commission" & 
 Agents -from liis Excelence S"' Henry Chicheley the Governour & the Grand Assembly of his 
 Maj"" Colony of Virginia to y" Governo'' of this Colony relating to their treaty with the 
 Oneyades Indyans or otliers in confederacy with them who have made Inroades and Committed 
 Outrages in their Coimtrey. 
 
 Eesolved & it is the opinion both of the Governo'' & Councell & the other Gentlemen of the 
 place present That it will be most proper & Safe to send to all the nations of the Magues, Oneyades, 
 SinneTces &c to bee at Albany to meet the S* Commission''^ or Agents of Virginia there, about the 
 middle of September next in order to their Speaking or Treating with all of them concerning 
 their affaires. To which End an Expresse is forthwith ordered to bee sent up to Albany from 
 thence to give notice thereof to the respective nations of those Indyans to be at the place at the 
 time appointed. 
 
 By Order of the Governo'' in Councell 
 
 Letter from Gov^ Andros to Capt. Salisbury at Albany, directing him to call 
 
 TOGETHER THE FIVE NATIONS AT AlBANTT. 
 
 New Yorke, August S*"", 1679. 
 Cap : Salisbury. 
 
 I hope you gott good Messengers (as ordered) to y" Maqties and other Indyans westward, and 
 that they will bee at Alhany accordingly about y" midle of Septemb'' to speak with Coll. Kendall 
 and Coll. Littleton, deputed from Virginia when I also hope to be back from Pemaquid (for 
 which am ready to take y" first wind) however s* Gentlemen resolve to bee there soone to whom 
 pray shew all Cevility & fitting respect, they are sent upon occation of the Oneides Inroads with 
 whom and other Indyans sent for, y" must also give them all freedom to speak or treate, your 
 eelfe & Magistrates may bee p'sent if desired, and also to Advice or Assist them in anything 
 
Neiv YorJc Ilisioriml EecorJ)^. 537 
 
 Else, tliey shall aske or may Lave occutiou for but their miiiiie orgenorall proiJcrsisions tlicy have 
 resolved already. I am your 
 
 Aflectionate friend and Servant, 
 
 E. Andkos. 
 For CajJt. Silved'' tSalUhunj, Command"' of Alh. 
 
 These 
 
 CouNciLL Minutes ; Indians declaeed 
 
 FREE AND NOT SLAVES. 
 
 At a Comicell held iu New Yorke Decomher 5"' 1079 
 
 Upon Complaint, that the Inhabitants of Fcw/Zuimji/on doe frerpicntly kill Southton mens 
 horses, upon ace' of Trespasse. 
 
 Ordered That any person or persons killini,^ horses n})on pretence of Trespasse or otherwise, 
 to be proceeded against criminally. 
 
 That the Law & Order of the Co'' of Assizes concerning small unsizeable stone horses, bee 
 strictly put into execu^on. 
 
 Eesolved, That all Indyans here, are free & not slaves, nor can bee forct to bee servants, 
 Except such as have beene formerly brought from the Bay of Gampeohio & other foreign parts, 
 but if any shall bee brought hereafter within the space of six months, they are to bee dispose 
 of as soone as may bee out of the Government, but after the Experac^on of six months, all that 
 shall bee brought here from those parts shall bee free. 
 
 All Christian Servants that shall be brought into this Government shall bee recorded att y° 
 Seeretarys office att importation by the Masters of Yessels or others that shall bring them, & they 
 have liberty to assigne them to another, for the time specifyde in their Indentures, & no such Ser- 
 vant be reassigned or transferred over to serve his time with another, without the Consent or 
 Approbayon of the next Co" of Sessions or Jurcsdiction, at great distance of the time of Co"'", by 
 the Approba9on of two Justices of peace, one being the president or first Justice of said Riding 
 or CorporaQon to bee recorded in y" resjjective place & transmitted to the office of Records. 
 
 The killing of wolves by the Indyans, being taken into Considera9on that they doe not kill 
 tlie more for the paym' So not to bee p'' for y° future. 
 
 Resolved That Indyans being not willing to goe out to kill the wolves or valueing it, are not 
 to be p'* for them : And Christians being supposed the like, the same to bee represented to the 
 Co"' of Sessions, Their payment being a great charge out of the Rates & the countrcy in debt . 
 
 For the limiting of publick Charges at Sessions & Assizes. 
 
 That it be recomended to the severall Co"" of Sessions to assert what eacli man shall bee 
 allowed per diem giving their attendance there & the like for the Assizes. 
 
 There being differences, as to the prices of what is p* in, upon ace' of the Countrey Rates, 
 It is likewise to be recomended to the Co"' of Sessions for Regula9on or asserting the prices 
 thereof, for this present yeare, & for the future to the Co" of Assizes. 
 
 Default" for not Training &c. 
 
 The nines to bee levyed according to Law. "Wood for sale ti> bee by tlic Cord, as formerly 
 ordered. Stillyards not judged a Lawfull waight. 
 
 The ill Consequence of keeping Indyans to bee Servants or Slaves w-ithin this Government 
 being represented and taken into Consider;u;on, 
 08 
 
538 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson liiver. 
 
 Eesolved That all Indyans liere are ifree and not Slaves, no can bee forct to bee Servants, 
 Except Such as have been fomierly brought from the Bay and other forraigne parts, but if any 
 Shall bee brought liereafter into the Government within the Space of Six months they are to bee 
 disposed of as Soone as may bee out of the Governm' but after the ExpiraQon of s"* Six months 
 all that shall bee brought here from those parts and Landed to bee as others, fEree Indyans. 
 
 By order of the Govemour in Councell. 
 
 CouNciLL Minutes. Spuyten Doyvel to be viewed with eeference to a bridge, 
 
 Jan : 7"', 1679-80, At a Councell. 
 
 M''. Joancs, M"'. West, & M''. Pinhorne appeare according to order. 
 
 M^ Joanes putts in an abstract of a Lre from M''. Leioin & M^ Woolley, complain eing of the 
 great Losse, they are like to bee at, by the latitude left by the Co" of M^ Pahners paym' in 
 Tobacco, which they seeme to desire releife in, but being tendred a Review or appeale, M''. Joanes 
 & M'. West declare not to bee unsatisfyed in what is already past, M^ Pinhorne speaks dubiously 
 as to an Appeale that it might bee well for their employers, but saith hee hath no power nor 
 directions to act therein. 
 
 They againe say matters being so farre they have no reason to complaine but are satisfyed 
 with all past proceedings here & desire neither Appeale nor Review, w"^"" might have beeue had 
 of Course before as they say & for the hardship complained of by M". Zewin & Woolly, they knew 
 no cause for it. If they had not rec** this last Lre'' for the complaining of y^ Tobacco, They had 
 no Cause of Comp""^ at all. 
 
 All former Orders about the prohibi(;on of bringing dead Hoggs &c to Towne to bee put in 
 Execuyon. 
 
 The passage at Spiting devill to bee viewed & considered of, for a bridge &e. 
 
 "Whether any store house is in the Yalley or at the Ferry. 
 
 No Store house or bolting Mills in the Valley, nor "Water to bee kept there, but in lieu thereof 
 As well as at all out places, as Harlem, the Bowery, &c being under the Jurisdiction of the City doe 
 pay propor<jonably w"" thein, or worke at the ffortification. 
 
 No Store house, bolting Mills or Trade at the Ferry or parts adjacent, nor any bolting Mill 
 unlesse for private use through the Governm' unlesse allowed of by the Go : & Councell. 
 
 A Comp" about the Coopers of the towne making a private agreem' amongst themselves to 
 raise the price of Caske etc. Cleme Sealrohe & Evert the cooper named, ordered to bee sent for 
 this afternoon. 
 
 All appointed to meet at 2 O'clocke tomorrow afternoone. 
 
 Letter from Gov" Andros to Philipp Carterett of New Jersey, complaining 
 
 OF HIS DOINGS, AND ASSERTING THE DuKES OF YoKK RIGHTS TO NeW JeRSEY. 
 
 S''. Being advised of yo' actings without any Legall authority to the great disturbance of 
 his Ma""' Subjects, I doe here w"" send you attested Coppy of the K' Lett" patents, & his R. H' 
 Coinission for Lands & Territoryes, as also farther for authority & Jurisdiction over all persons 
 
Kcio Yo7^l- Ilistoriml I2ccor<k. 5SQ 
 
 witliin those bounds etc, as by his Ma"""' S'' ])atent to his R. U' in wliidi ])eing comprized you are 
 therefore in obedience to liis Ma"" said antliority to forbearo & not jiresuinc further to assume or 
 exercise (distinct or) any Jurisdiction over his Ma'"'^ Subjects or any person, within any the bounds 
 of that his Ma"" patent to liis s'' R. H' without Lawf ull power recorded as it ought in this place : 
 I doe also acquaint you, that it being necessary for the Kings Service, & welfare of his 
 Ma'"-' Subjects living or trading in these parts, that Beacons for land or Sea Marks, for shipping, 
 sayling in & out & a fortificaQon bee erected at Sand>/ Point, I have resolved it accordingly, but 
 having due regard to all Eights or propertyes of land or soile, shall bee ready to pay, or give first 
 satisfaction to M"' liich'' Ilartskorne, or any assigned to or interested in S"" Sandi/ j^oint, or place, 
 & not doubting your due regard & observance of tlie above, rcmaine S'' yo"' affectionate friend &, 
 Servant 
 
 ]V. Y. March S'" 1679 — 80 E. Adeoss. 
 
 For Go : Phil: Cartcrdt at his house in Elimhdh Townc. 
 
 A DKCLARAf'oN Setting Fortr Cap''. Philip Caeteretts actings in rela<;on to 
 THE GovEKNjr iiF New Jersey to bee Illegall. 
 
 S*" Edmund Andros Kn'. Leif. and Governour Gen" & Vice Adinirall under his Royall 
 Highnesse, James Duke of Yorl:e and Albany &c of New Yorke & Dependencyes &c in America. 
 
 Whereas upon Informa9on of the Actings of Cap*. PftiUip Cartterett, Assumeing & Author- 
 izing others to Exercise Jurisdiction, without any Legal 1 Authority, to the great Disturbance &c 
 of his Ma"" Subjects within y"= Bounds of his Ma"" Letters Pattents to his Royall Highnesse, I 
 have Sent to forwarn the S'' Caj)'. Phillip Cartterett from Such his Illegall Actings &c, I doe 
 hereby by advice of my Councell by vertue of his Ma"" Letters pattents and Authority derived 
 unto niee under his Royall Highnesse, In his Ma"" name further Require and Comand the S'* 
 Caj)'. Phillip Cartterett, and all other pretended Majestrates and Officers Civill or Millitary, Au- 
 thorized by liim to forbeare and not presume further to Assume or Exercise distinct or any Juris- 
 diction, over liis Ma"" Subjects or any Person with in any x" Bounds of that his Ma"" Pattent to 
 his Royall Highnesse, and alsoe that noe person or persons doe any wayes Abett, Assist or observe 
 y' Same, or any Such Illegall Authority, but they and all persons Forthwith to Submitt as they 
 ought to the Kings Lawfull Authority, Signifyed by his Ma"" Letters Pattents to hi.s Royall High- 
 nesse here Established, as tliey and every of tliem Avill answer the contrary at their utmost perrills 
 upon Avhich I doe remitt all past Actings on S* Ace", and for the preserva9on of the peace and 
 Quiett of his Ma"" Subjects In those parts, I doe confirme all the present Constables In their 
 Severall and Respective Townes and prec-iiicts, and Shall bee ready to take further order for the 
 good and wellfare &c. of his Ma"" Subjects, Pursuant to his Ma"" S'' Lettere Pattents and his 
 Royall Highnesse Comission and Authority to nice, Respecting the Jurisdiction &c, witiiout In- 
 trenching upon any mans Just Right, Property, Freehold or Possession. Given under my hand 
 and y" Seale of the Province in New Yorl-e this 13'" day of March in the 32'" yeare of his Ma"" 
 Raigne Annoq. Domini 1679—80 E. Andeoss. 
 
 One of the above Declara9on Sent to Cap'. Philip Carterett and one to each of tlie ffollow- 
 ing Townes. (vizt) BergJien, Newark, Elizabeth Toione, Woodhridge, Piscataqua, Midleton & 
 Shrewsbury. 
 
540 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Letter from Secr''. Nicolls to Capt. Sandfoed with the foregoing procla- 
 mation AND INVITING HIM TO COME TO New YoRK. 
 S'. 
 
 I take this occasion to present you my Eespeets at this particular Juncture of affairs, relating 
 to no Lesse then tlie Kevolution or Altera(;on of Governin' & shall bee glad I may bee serviceable 
 to you in my Station. S'. Edm: Andres at length well considering the latitude of his Ma"'' 
 Lres. patents to his R. II". with all power of Governm', which by Commission hee invested in his 
 Governo", & having Likewise due regard to the scantynesse of his R. H'. Conveyance by Lease & 
 Release to that part of his patent comprehended in New Jersey (I meane relating to Governm' of 
 which there is not one word incerted in the release, although sufScient for transferring Rights of 
 Land, thinking himselfe obliged in duty, to prevent disturbances that might otherwise ensue upon 
 y'^ jarring CousultaQons to the detiinient of his R. H*. Interest, hath thought fitt no longer to de- 
 lay the same but hath sent to Cap*. Carteret & all the Townes in order to their complyance, & it 
 is by his allowance & approba9on that I now send this to you, & give you my advice as a friend 
 not to act further but to repaire as soone as may bee to N. Y. where you may receive assurances 
 of a right understanding & have Satisfaction in all matters from the Go : with free liberty to re- 
 turne at y"^ pleasure. This I doe engage to you, both as from the Go : & also from my self e having 
 his word first, being fitt to preserve old friendship w'" Go : Carteret & all other my friends, & 
 desirous to appeare yo' afi"eetiouate friend & Serv' N. Y. March 15'" 1679 — 80. 
 
 Extract from the Concessions to New Jersey. (Drawn up m 1665.) 
 
 To those that goe over at first with the Go: anno. 1665, provided as in the Concessions ex- 
 prest to have 150 Acres of Land, & for every man servant the like quantity & for every weaker 
 servant or slave male or female above 14 yeares old 75 acres, & to every Christian Serv' exceeding 
 the age afores'' after the expiracjon of their time of service 75 acres for their owne use. 
 
 To every Mast*'' or Mistresse that shall goe before the l'' of January 1665, 120 Acres, & to 
 every able man servant provided as afores'^, the like & for every weaker Serv' or slave exceeding 
 the age of 14 as before 60 acres, & to every Christian Servant to their owne use the like. 
 
 It™ to every free man or woman that shall come into the s* province to plant & within the s* 
 yeare 90 acres of land, & for every able Serv' the like, & or every weaker Serv' for Slave (aged as 
 afores'^), 45 Acres & for every Christian Serv' that slrall arrive the 2* yeare after the expiragon of 
 his or their time 45 Acres to his owne use. 
 
 It"' to every such p''son that shall come within y" 3''* yeare provided as afores**, 60 acres of land, 
 & for every able man Serv' the like, for every Weaker Serv' &c so carryed as afores'^ oO acres, & 
 to every Xpian Serv' so carryed 30 acres, after the Expira9on, of his or her time. 
 
 All that shall come within thirteen yeares, to bee obliged, that for every Mast" or Mr<^" that 
 shall have 100 Acres of Land, nor besides what is granted to his owne person that serves one able 
 man Serv^ or 2 such weaker Serv" &c. 
 
 The T"" part of the land taken np to bee to the proprieto". 
 
 The halfe of golden & silver mines reserved. The Quitt rent said to bee one penny or halfe 
 penny \f acre, according to the value of the land, for what will bee layd out for particular per- 
 sons &c. 
 
New York Historical Reconh. 541 
 
 ConNCTL Minutes: The towns in New Jersey to have delegates as other 
 TOWNS OF the neighborhood. The Question of Government in N. J. An 
 election in New Jersey ordered. 
 
 At a Councell Ncio Torke March 21" 1679—80. 
 
 Upou Consideracjon whether it will bee for his Ma""^ Service to admit of Deputycs from the 
 Townes in New Jersey, as others o'' Neighbor' have. 
 
 Resolved That it will bee necessary, & convenient for his S'' Ma"''* Service, that they have 
 Deputyes &c. 
 
 New Yorke, at a Councell, etc. Mar. 23, 1C79-S0. 
 
 A Letter from C. Ph. Carteret Dated y" 20"" March in answer to the Go : of the S"", 
 brought by C. IF". Sandford, &, W. Johnson with other pap's, vizt. 
 
 A Letter to Go. Nicolls from the Duke No. 18, lG«i4 relating to his R. IP. Grant to v« L"" 
 Berkeli/ & S' Geo. Carteret. 
 
 Another to Go : Lovelace from the Duke also dated No. 25, 1072 to assist etc. & declaring 
 Go : Nicolls Grant to C. Baker &c to bee Null, bearing date after the deed granted to y'= L"" B. 
 & S' G. C. 
 
 The K' Letter to C. Berr;/ dep : Go : Dec 9'" 1672. Another to C. Ph. Carteret June 
 13, 1674. The K' Grant to the Duke — dated June 29'\ Nothing inateriall in either Ires. 
 
 C. Sandford & M''. Johnson appearing (being sent for) declare not to know the Contents of 
 y" Letter brought by them, nor to have authority to speake any thing concerning it, but are as 
 private p''sons. 
 
 Resoh-ed, An answer to C. CarUretts Lres. & being inform'' the K' Lres. patents have not been 
 publisht or made knowne amongst them, That each Towne bee sent to who arc to cliuse Repre- 
 sentatives to meete upon y" 7"" day of Apr. next at Woodhridge in order to y" K' Service, & the 
 quiet of all his Ma"*^ Subjects in these p''ts. 
 
 An Order Sent to the Constable of Middleton in New Jersey, to issue writs 
 OF Election of Deputies to meet at Elizabeth, N. J. 
 
 S'' Edmund Andros Kn. &c 
 
 Whereas by vertue of his Ma"'"' Letters pattents under the Great Scale of England and 
 Authority derived unto mee under his Royall Highnesse, I did the IS"" Instant give publick notice 
 of Illegall assumed Authority and Actings to bee forborne for y" future, and did Confirme the 
 present Constables in their severall Townes aud precincts And that I should bee ready to take 
 Furtiier order for the good and welltaro of his Ma""' Subjects in your jjarts itc as thei-oin at Lai-ge 
 Appears, By which Letters Pattents any former or other Letters Pattents or Grants whatsoever 
 are revoked and made Null as by s* Letters Pattents at Large Appcares I doe hereby by advice 
 of my Councell in his Ma"''' name Authorize & order that the ffreeholder and Inhabitants of the 
 Towne of Middleton and precincts have notice and doe meete together with all convenient Speed 
 and make choice of two Fitt persons to bee their Representatives, who are to repairo to Elizabeth 
 Towne being the place appointed For their assembling on Wednesday the 7"' of Apriil next in 
 order to his Ma"'=^ Service & quiet Settling the publick Concernes of your parts (having duo Regard 
 to all Just Rights Lands and possessions) And the Constable or his Deputy to make due Returne 
 
542 Coloriial Settlements on the Hvdson River. 
 
 with the names of the persons so chosen to the Seeretaryes Office in this place ; Given under my 
 hand & the Seale of the province in New yorke this 23"' day of March in y= 32'" yeare of his 
 Ma'"'" Raigne Annoq. Domini 1680. 
 
 To y^ Constable of Middletoii or his Deputy to bee Forthwith put in Execu(;on, the Like for 
 the rest. 
 
 Examined by mee M. N. Seer. 
 
 Paeticulaks of Gov. Andeos visit to Gov. Caeteeett in New Jeeset and the 
 
 DISCUSSIONS of THEIE CLAIMS TO THE GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Monday Apr 6"» 1680 
 
 It was Eesolved in Councell, That the Go : goe in person to-morrow in his Sloope towards 
 New Jersey, to bee there the next day being the 7'", the time appointed for the Dep^ : to meete, 
 & that hee goe in a friendly way, with his owne Retinue & some Volunteers too attend him, with- 
 out other Armes then their Swords. 
 
 Tuesday, the 6'" 
 
 The Go : & his attend'" (as volunteers attend the Go : Mr. Harris, Nicolls, Dyer, 
 
 Darrall, Willett, Colly er, James Graham, Mr. J. White, J. Wandall, S. Wilson, 
 
 J. West) went aboard about two o. Clock afternoone, toward N. Jersey having a briske Gale of 
 wind at "W. S. W. or there about. In the Evening wee came up to Shooters Isl. where wee ran 
 aground & afterwards came to an anchor on Stolen Isl. side not tarre from C. Youngs. It was 
 there proposed if not convenient to send some one to C. Carterett that very Evening to acquaint 
 him of o'' coming in peace w^'' was resolved on. C. Collyer was pitcht upon, & (by his owne 
 Request) Mr. Samuel Willson to accompany him who went away to the point where they were 
 Challenged but declaring to bee friends went up the Creeke in Coll. Morriss boate, They 
 found p* of a Comp^ with C. Greenland at the point, and heard of another Comp'' by the way, 
 when they arrived at C. C'arteretts there were otliers in Armes who challenged them why & from 
 hence they were, & C. Sandford with his sword drawne came to the landing place, & demanded 
 if they were friends, to the w"' C. Collyer replying yes, hee s'' how shall wee know that, but let 
 them come ashoare. The boate came back, but they stayed all night. 
 
 "Wednesday the 7"" 
 
 The same boat was sent over to the point about Six of the Clock in the morning, to bring 
 the Messeng'" aboard, who were come downe. 
 
 At their arrivall they gave ace' of their Reception & of C. CarUretts answer. That if the Go : 
 & his Retinue would come to him as friends, hee should bee welcome. 
 
 About an houre after, the Go : & Comp'' went in his pinnace & Coll. Morris boate up the 
 Creeke, There was at the point, Capt. Greenland w"' part of a Company \vithout Colours who 
 saluted the Go : they were relieved by another party from the Towue, just as wee went up the 
 Creeke. 
 
 The Go : etc. went ashoare a little below M'' IlopMns house, & walkt to C. Carteretts house 
 on the hill as we crost the hollow just by the house, there was part of a Company with C. White- 
 head at their head who making a passage for us, wee walkt through to where wee mett C. Carterett, 
 with Capt" C. /S'an^i9?Y/, C. Pike, & Capt. Bollen, Capt. Carteret inviting the Go: in to his 
 house in the Stockades, another party opened for to receive the Go : which was comanded by C- 
 Sandfm'd, wiio gave a volley just as wee passed throngli. 
 
New Yorh Historical Ixcconh. 543 
 
 A while after o'' being gone in, S"' Edm. Andros acquainted C. Carteret & the rest with the 
 occasion of his coming to undeceive the people, and to shew his pretensions on his Roy" Highnesse 
 behalfe to the Governui' There upon coinanded mee to read the K^ patent to hiinselfe & to re- 
 ceive the place & Countrey from the Dutch, which was done Together with Go : Colves orders 
 under his hand & seale to all ofiic" to surrender unto the Go : & one particularly to W' Oydcii 
 the Schout for the surrender of JV. Jersey. 
 
 The K" patent to his E H" was likewise began to bee read, but the people crowding in to 
 hears it, being debarred by C. Sandfard''s Comand to the Marshall to keepe tliein out, which he 
 did somewhat Churlishly, S'" Edin.hemg unsatisfyed therew"' & not willing to trouble C. Carterets 
 house, he ordered mee to follow him out of doores, there to reade it in the open field without the 
 Stockados, that all his Ma""" Subjects there pres', • might heare the same, which was done accord- 
 ingly, also the Duke Comission to the Go : & the Kings order under the Signet, to resurrender 
 all back to his Eoy" H" order etc. 
 
 Whereupon 0. Qarieret desiring S"' Edm. &c to goe into the house againe where hee would 
 produce all his Eights to the Governm', ho shewed the lease & Eelease from his E. IP to S'' 
 George Carteret, w'^'' was read by G. Berry, & pleaded to by him & Capt. Sandford, G. Carteret 
 in the midle betweene them, and C. Bollen thereby, who read one of the letters with the signet 
 from his Ma'>' to C. Carteret, there being also another to C. Berry as dep. Go : & 2 others the one 
 from his E. H.^ to Coll. Nicolls, another to Coll. Lovelace, relating his Conveyance to s** Gov: & 
 order of assistance to his Go : or dep : There was also a Copie of another Letter part read from 
 the proprieto"'* to Coll. Nicolls, promising to Continue his Grants. 
 
 S'' Edm. Andros insisted upon his Ma"''^ Ires contents as being of greater force then the K'' pri- 
 vate Lre" & the Conveyance by lease & release so very conion with other materiall Argum'", That 
 which they at last centred upon, was that S'' Geo. was the s*" Assignee, & by vertue there of had 
 as ample power of Go"'' as the D. himselfe, & both C. Carteret, Berry, Sandfoi'd & 
 Bollen declared that they could to their uttermost hold & defend their Go™' nntill the K" pleas- 
 ure were knowne therein, who would onely bee judge in the Case with his Councell betweene his 
 E. H.' & S'' Geo. Carteret. Sometimes they insisted upon the long possession unmolested, but a 
 while after the discourse was broke off. 
 
 After dinner S'' Edm. walkt downe to the point accompanyed l)y C. Carteret & Capt. Berry 
 with a party of men in Amies, a guard being made for him, from the doore to the Stockados, 
 & after to the bank of the kill, each of the pty. giving a Volley. There was only one 
 Colour amongst them. The Souldry gave a volley or two at o'' going above, soe having a very 
 good wind Ve reached home before night. 
 
 C. Berry Talks of Appealing into EtkjI'^, w'*" hee s'^ They had already sent about it, but being 
 minded by S'' Ed^n. That it was an Improp' thing to doe before y';' Judg"'', however they per- 
 sisted iu it. 
 
 Petition of the Inhabitants of Esopus for a Ministee of the Gospel. 
 
 To the E» Honorable S' Edmund Andros K'. Signo^ of Saucamares ; Lieutenan' and Gov- 
 ernor Generall Undar his Eoyall Highnes James Duke of Yorke and Albany and Dependau". 
 
 The humble Pettison of Severall of the Inhabittance of Esopus humbly shewcth unto yo^ 
 Hono'' 
 
 Whereas this place is desstitute of a Ministar for the Instruction of the i)cople ; It is our 
 
544 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River.' 
 
 Ernest desiar and humble request, w"" all Submission, that yo'' Hono'' will bee pleased to bee aid- 
 ing and assisting ; in the procuring one for us ; that can preaehe bothe Inglish and Dutche, vi"^ 
 will bee most fitting for this place, it being in its Minorittj ; and having great charges is not very 
 able to maintaiue twoo Ministars ; uethar to bee at the Charge of Sending for one out of England 
 or Holand, and wee are Informed, M''. Feetar Taschemaker is at Liberty, who is a person, well 
 knowne to yo'' hono'' and oficitted in this place, for sum time. And if to bee procured, is very well 
 aproved of and much dessired by moste, hee being a man of a Sobar life and conversason having 
 Deportted himselfe to sattisfactiou of y* Inhabitanse, Wherfor wee liunibly pray that your Ilono' 
 will bee pleased to be Instrumentall in the same and yo"^ Hono'' humble Petti9on''* shall Evar pray. 
 Harmon Gemtson Thomas Vandemark, Jlenrich Herrickson, Rohert Bickerstaff, Andrie Pe- 
 tersen, An Broadliead, lioht. Paycock, Wm. Gray, Jacob Johnson van Eten, Richard D. Willson, 
 Melgur Clare, Robert Chisam, Tho'. Oarton, John Cock, Oeorg Mailes, John Bigges, George 
 Porter, Jacob Jansen Decker, Fredrick Peterson, Jeremiah Keetel, William Janson, Thomas 
 QtiyneU, John Parton, Anthony Addison, Tho. Quick, Tennis Jacobson, Claus Teunison, Arson 
 Garreson, Garett vanfflet, Henry Pawling, Gilbert Krom, Gerrit Gisbert, his marke Peter ajj 
 Hillibrand, Evert Price, ^ this is the mark of Warrener Hooris Beeck, Nieklaes Rosevelt, his 
 marke Jacob J ^ Basteyaensen, Hcyman Albertson Roose, Arien Albertson Roosa, his marke LuTn- 
 bart \ Hubertson, Roelof Swartwout, John Albertson Roose, his marke Garret H Co7'nelisen, 
 I f Mattys Blancha7i, his marke Herick J^ Keyser, Anthoine Gres])el,\\\s marke Albert 
 A Gowersen, Johannes de Hooges, Jan Joosten, Louys Dubois, IF"". Asfordbie, M . Garton, 
 IF™. P'isher, his marke Coriielizis rP- Der . . . , Ed. Whittaker, Jan Jansen Van . . . , his 
 marke Thomas ©-/« Matthews, William Lcgg, John Ward, Walter Danniell, John Hall, his 
 marke Thomas —I- Chadock, his marke Poidus -^ Poulison, his marke Hendrick AZL 
 Aldersen, his marke Peter /^ Petersen, Weynte Ariens jim"". 
 
 A Speciall warrant from the Governour to Summons Cap' John Berry of New 
 Jersey to appeare here before him & the Councell. 
 
 Wliereas I am Informed That you still persist to act as a magistrate without any Legall 
 authority with in the bounds of his Ma'""" Letters pattents to his Eoyall Highnesse I doe hereby 
 Further by the advice of my Councell in his Ma"^^ name require & comand you Forthwith to 
 make your personall appearance to answer before mee and my Councell in this place what shall 
 bee alleadged against you on that behalfe. Of which you are not to Faile In default at your 
 utmost pcrrill ; Given under my hand and Seale in J^ew T&rke, this 30*'' day of Aprill 1680 
 
 Edmund Andros 
 To Capt. John Berry. (seals) 
 
 The Like was sent to Cap' William Sandford & Laurens Andriesen. 
 
JVew York Historical Records. 
 
 545 
 
 A Commission to the Justices of the Peace of SuKEwsBURr &c to keepe a court 
 OF Sessions. 
 
 S' Edmund Andros Kn' &c. I doe hereby by advice of my Conncell Appoint and order 
 tliat the sev. Justices of tlie Peace with in y= Townes of Middleton Shrewshunj and Precincts 
 doe Convene and meete togetlici- the Last Wednesday in August next Ensueing at Shrewshury 
 then and their Hold and keepe a court of Sessions For the S" precincts, of whieli the Constables, 
 to give publiqne notice in their Sev. precincts and that as soone as may bee the S'' Justices doe 
 meete and Eeturne mee the names of two Pitt persons of which one to bee clarke of the Sessions 
 and the S" Constables are Likewise Forthwith to sumons the ffreehold" and Inhabitants of their 
 Sev"" Townes together to make choice and returne the names of three Pitt persons for keeping of 
 Monthly courts and Determineing of small matters. Given under my hand and Seale of the Prov- 
 ince in New Yorke this 25'" day of June in the 32'" yeare of his Ma"" Raigne Annoq. Dom- 
 ini, 1680. 
 
 To any of the Justices of tlie peace for MiJdldon tShrewnlntry and i)rccincts aTid every of 
 them. 
 
 M. N. Seer. 
 
 Abstracts of Indian Deeds. 
 
 (Fort Orange Records, Deeds 3. ) 
 
 Deed given by the Indians {Catskils and Mahicanders) Maetsepeet alias Mahac mminaw, 
 Tamongwes alias Volkert, Papawaehketeh alias Evert, Mamaetcheeh alias Johns, Kachhetowaa 
 alias Cohus and Unekeeic alias Jan de Backer to Capt. Sylvester Salislury and Martin Gerritse 
 for certain parcels of land, situate at the Catsk.il, above the land of Evert de Goyer, consisting of 
 five great flats lying on both sides of the Kil, and being called the first 31a,ch.achkeek; the second 
 Wichquanacktchak, the third Pachquayaek, the fourth Assiskoivachkok, and the fifth I*otick 
 with the woodland for outlet to the cattle or free passage generally, the circumference of the 
 whole tract being four Englhli miles. Allany July 8'" 1678. 
 
 Indian Deed of Land on Klml, rluuih Kil given by the Westenhook Indians Wiesha(fheaet, his 
 two brothers Poivhyates and Mii.rinluh t and their nephews Waespi'^cheek and Pinonak to Dirck 
 Wessells and Gerritt Teunisc, the track consisting of four flats, lying on both sides of Kinder- 
 hook Kil, about one Butch mile from Jan van Tysen^s place ; the two largest flats are on the 
 East side of the Kil and the one towards the North contains about 27 morgens, the southerly one 
 about fourteen ; the other two flats are on the Westside of the Kil containing about twenty-five 
 and six morgens. The four flats with the woodland to the high hills are bounded at the South 
 by the land bought by Jan Bniyn of Pampoen and at the North by Matit minimaws land. 
 Albany, Octbr 1'' 1679. 
 
 Indian Deed for Land given by the Indian owners Kashekan alias Calkoen, Wasjxicheek alias 
 Spek and Philippuwas, having power of attorney from Aioannis, one of the owners, to Arnout 
 CorncUssen Viele as a present. The land consists of three fiats, through which a kil called 
 Mynachkee runs, one being of about twenty five morgens and lying on the Northside of the Kil, 
 the other two ou the Southside containing together about twelve morgens. The grant includes 
 69 
 
546 Colonial SettlemenU on the Hudson River. 
 
 tlie above Kil from the river to the second fall called 3Iatapa7i, a distance of about three English 
 miles, also the woodland adjoining it and stretching about two Engl, miles to the North and one 
 mile to the South of the above described land along the river and back from the river as far as the 
 aforesaid second fall, including two small kils, one in the woods to the North, M-hich empties into 
 the river and is called Pakaheing, the other emptying into the large Kil from the South. 
 June 15, 1680. 
 
 Kob'' Livingstons PET190N to purchase Land upon Roeleff Jansens Kill nkeee 
 Catts kill and order thereupon. 
 
 To his Excellency S'' Edmund Andros R'h. Governo'' Gen" under his Roy" Highnesse of 
 Ifew Yorke and Dependences in Atnerioa. 
 
 The humble Petigon of Rob'' Livingston of Alhany Humbly Sheweth. 
 
 That where as there is a Certaine tract of Land Lying upon Roeloff Johnsons kill or Creeke 
 upon the East side of Hudsons River, near Catskill belonging to the Indyan Proprietors not pur- 
 chased by any body hitiiertoo, and your humble Petitioner being Informed that the owners are 
 willing to Dispose of the same w"' the runn of Water or Creeke, Your Excelly. humble Petition 
 ers requests your Excelleucyes Graunt to purchase the same of the said proprietors who shall 
 Sattisfy them to their Content and produce A Returne thereof from the Court of Alhany, hope- 
 iug that your Excellencye will then be pleased to Graunt him a Pattent Accordingly. 
 
 And he shall Ever be bound to Pray &c. 
 
 Granted to be Purchased according to Law And upon A Survey thereof Duly returned a 
 Pattent to be graunted him for A Bowery or farme there as Desired. 
 
 New Yorke the 12"" of November, 1680. E. Andeos. 
 
 A Lycense to Purchase Land on Each shje Pocanteco att Wiskebscreeke by 
 ]VP. Feed: Phillips (Westchestee Co.) 
 
 By the Governour. 
 Upon Applyca9on and Desire of M . Fredrick Phillips for Liberty to purchase a parcell of 
 Land on Each skle of the Creeke Called by the Indians Pocmiteco att Wiske.rscreeke on the East 
 side of Hudsons River and Adjoyning to the Land he hath already Purchased And Confirmed to 
 him ; there to build and Erect a Saw-Mill or Mills thereon These may Certifie that I have Given 
 Lycence and Liberty to the said Fredrick Phillips to Purchase the said Land According to Law 
 and on Survey and Returne made to be Confirmed to him Accordingly. Given under my hand 
 in New Yorke the First Day of December 1680. 
 
 E. A. 
 
 Names of persons applying foe land on Staten Island. 
 
 Pattents Humbley Desiered by thees under mentioned that have bin settled and Made 
 improvement on the north west side of Staten Hand nere Smoaking Poynt, viz. 
 
 John Bridges for 80 Akers, Francis Barhor 80 ditto, Cap'. Thomas Williams IGO ditto. 
 
Nen) Yoi'Ji' llistoncal Records. 547 
 
 Doctor George Lockei^t 228 ditto, Edmund Land 80 ditti), dohn Ihndrixmn 130 ditto, PccUr 
 Corsmi 80 ditto, Jacob Corson 80 ditto. 
 
 Laiid Humbly desieivd by tliecs undcrincutioiied being upon the South tjide of ISktttcn 
 Iknul, viz. 
 Warrants past for all ^[r j^U'/uird lUdlc for IGO AlvCPs, W. WUlkim Damad 240 ditto, Anthoncy 
 
 ye first of Decern- ^ , ,. i H 
 
 ber.lBSO. yy/'d bO ditto. 
 
 Laud liumbluy Desiered l>y thu undermentiuncd upon tlio Nortliwest side of Statten Hand 
 beiug situated betwixt Black poynt and Jacob de Mu^'c's neck viz. 
 
 John West 540 Akers, Jo/m Shottwell 80 ditto, Phdl'q) Welles IGO ditto, Anmiias Turner 
 140 ditto. 
 
 Desiered on the nortli side of Statten Hand in the Rare of I'eeter Johnson cV Vlaus Arents, 
 viz. 
 
 Peeter Johnson 80 Akers, John Vincent SO ditto. 
 
 M''. James Graham for A peece of Land on the Nortli bide of Statten Hand and Likewis for 
 Shuters Hand Adjacent, 126 Akers. M^ Robert Pyder att the head of the Fresh KM, Y 320 
 acres. 
 
 Land humbly desiered by thees undermentioned being Siteuated on the north side of Statten 
 Hand and knowne by the name of the Great Playne. 
 
 r Cornelius Corson for & Company 160 
 John Taylor Sargant 80 
 
 Warrts past. -j 
 
 John Fitsgarratt 80 
 t Daniel lliomas 80 
 
 Desiered on the Little Playne, John Shottwell 80, Daniel Shottwell 80, Francis Lee 80. 
 
 Pattents humbly desiered by thees undermentioned that have settled and Made Lnprovement 
 on the West side of Statten Hand. 
 
 Francis Barbor 80, John Bridges 80. 
 
 Edmond Arosmith 80 
 
 Jacob Corbett 80 
 
 Edw. Clarke bO 
 
 Era' Lee 60 
 
 Anonias Turnir 120 
 
 Phillip Bendall 60 
 
 John Taylor 120 
 
 Akers. 
 
 Lamdjert Dorian. 1 30 I North side of Staten Hand, the front of 
 
 Phillip Welles about 300 \ Governo' Lovlace Land to the water side. 
 
 Jacob Cornelkis 30 ) The Bare of Garrett Corson, Peeter John- 
 James Gilles 120 ) son. 
 
 "Warrants past for the above. 
 
 £135 to be payed in 3 paym'" liy Eipiall Porr/ons, in Winter Wheate or winter barley not 
 exseeding one halfe y" wlieate att -4' p. bushell barley att first paym*-, 25'" March 1681, 2'"' 25"" 
 March 1682, S"-" 25«' ditto 1683. 
 
 Pattents Humbly desired by thees undermentioned that have bin Settled & Made Improve- 
 ment on the South side of the Fresh Kill, tliere being no Claime or Improvement Made before, 
 viz. 
 
 A Warrant for Survay of Land on the 
 North Side of Statten Hand neare Suter Hand. 
 Seated by them oi- vacant. 
 
548 Colonial iStttlements on the Hudson Iliver. 
 
 Robert Write desires 80 Akers, Frances Pew — 80 ditto, William Elston — 
 
 80 ditto, Francis Waller — 80 ditto, Eid^ Curtis — 80 ditto, Daniell Stillwell — 
 
 80 ditto, John Morgan — 80 ditto, George Oarrett — 80 ditto, AbraJiam Lal- 
 
 man — 80 ditto, Francis TJselton — 80 ditto, Bartell Lott — 80 ditto. 
 
 Robert Rider liumbley desiers A parsell of Land siteuated on the West side of Statten Rand 
 
 at the head of the Fresh Kill Lieng on the East side of Peeter Bucklew. 
 
 Letters From Captalne Brockholls to Cai't. Carterett. 
 
 Csi^'' Carterett: Neio J Vie Aprill the l-i"" : 1681 
 
 Pursuant to my Promise Inclosed is a Coppy of a Letter I Received from S"^ John Werden* 
 wherein a Confirnia9on and release is men^oned to be given of that Right which heretofoi-e hath 
 been Doubtfull, and when tlie Deeds themselves are produced to me shall yeild all Due Conformity 
 and hence Regard accordingly, and Endeavour as much as in me lyes to serve' you in whatever 
 you shall be Impowered and Commanded in any parte of the Governm' att pi-esent uud"" my Com- 
 mand, and though you are noe wayes Concerned in said Letter, yett haveing relacjon to JVewJersey 
 to which you make some Pretence am the Willinger to lett you know the Full Contents thereof 
 that you may not be Lead in Errors by Reumors and Reports which as you have Promissed I 
 Expect you will Avoyd For the Future And oblidge me to Remaine 
 
 Yo'' Affectionate fEriend and humble SerYaut. 
 Cap' Carterett: 
 
 S' New Yorke Aprill the 18'" 1681. 
 
 I thought Since I had Given Soe Large DemonstraQon and Assurance of my Readynesse to 
 Serve you in Whatever you shall be Impowered and sent you an Attested Copy of S' Joh7i 
 Werdens Letter, you would have Followed its Directions soe farr or att Least yo"' owne Former 
 practice and the present Intent and Designe of yo' Neighbours of West Ja/rsey as before you act 
 or assume any power or Authority to Cause that Deed or Instrum' which gives it you to be pro- 
 duced and Shewed here and Recorded and not have obstructed or Delayed that by Sending Letters 
 and parte thereof which otherwise might meete with none Did you doe as you aught on yo' parte 
 you may well thinke that Such Loose and Imperfect Coppyes soe unattested Carry Little Force 
 or Creditt witli them and that it is not that nor yo' Lett' but his Royall Highnesse whole act and 
 Deed which signifies his Will and pleasure ; that will by my Warrant and Discharge and that 
 Requires my Observance And as I am Ready to obey and Follow all his Ma"^^ and Royall High- 
 nesse Commands when made knowne to me as they aught soe I must Command you to Desist 
 medling with the Governm' till (if you have any such) you produce them to me and Cause them 
 to be Recorded here accordingly, when shall take such Orders as may Settle you in peace and 
 Quiett and wish you much happynesse and alwayes Remaine, 
 
 Yo' Affectionate tfrieud and Servant &c 
 
 A. B. 
 
 * See for the letter N. Y. Col. Doc. Vol. Ill, p. 280. 
 
Kno Yorl Historiml lleamh. 549 
 
 A Letter Fkom Cai'^ Dkockholls to 8" John Wkkuen keoakdino the New Jeksey title. 
 
 ,, , iY«w iWfo, May the 14:'\ 1681. 
 
 Yo'-* of the sixth November past Keceived wherein Is Advised that liis Royall Highnesse was 
 pleased to Coiifirme and Release to the Proprietors of both Moyetys of Kew Jersey all their and 
 his Right to any thing besides the Rent reserved Whether as to Government or publique Dutyes 
 Referring to Respective Deeds to be produced whicli as yett luivo not been nor any thing Else 
 shewne, soe that New Jersey as S"' Edmund Atidross Left it Remaines under my Command An- 
 nexed to the Govennn' of JVew Yorke and if Devided From thence, Will much Predjuce his 
 Royall Highnesse Interrest In those parts The Advise was very Convenient to Prevent any Doubt 
 or Inconveniency and shall be Attended and Observed Accordingly when what therein Men(;oued 
 is produced and showne I have one thing of Greate Moment to acquaint you with which is the 
 Losse or att Least wise a present Cessation From payment of his Royall Highnesse Customs Es- 
 tablished here the time to w'" They were Limitted to be Received Being Expired in Novemb"" 
 Last it being men9oned in the RegulaQon of the Customs that it is to hold good for three yeares 
 from November 1677 which being Publiquely Knowne to the Merchants they all Refuse to pay 
 any Cnstomes or Dutyes and Cap'. Dyre the Collector being now Very ill a Pinke from London 
 hath Unloaded her goods and Carryed them to their Warehouses without takeing any notice of 
 the Custome house or Officers absolutely Refuseing to pay any Customs. I have Done as much as 
 in me Lyes to maintaine and Supporte it Considering the Greate Charge of the Garrison and 
 Sold" which know not now how it will be Defrayed and have advised w"" the Councell but 
 Finde noe Power or Authority to Continue the Same without ord" From his Royall Highnesse 
 of the w'^'" thinke fitt to Acquaint you and have Likewise Wrott to the Governo'' that his Royall 
 Highnesse may be Informed here of and Such ord" given therein as shall be thought Convenient 
 w'^'' I Expect p' First opportunity wee are else all well and Quiett Throughout the Governm' and 
 pray you may be and Continue soe att home and Remaine, 
 S' 
 
 Yo'' assured ll'rienti and most humble Servant 
 
 A: B. 
 
 A Lettek Feom Captaine Anthony Bkoc^kholls to the Goveenoue. 
 
 Xew Yorhe, May the 14'" 1681. 
 Hono*'^ S^ 
 
 Since yo'' Departure I Received a Lre From S' John Werden wherein he advised that his 
 Royall Highnesse was pleased to Confirme and Release to the Proprietors of both Moyetyes of 
 Neiv Jersey all their and his Right to any thing Besides the rent reserved whether as to Governm' or 
 Publique Duty Refering to respective Deeds to be Produced which as yett are not, soe that Neto 
 Jersey, as yo' Hono" Left it Remaines under my Command Annexed to his Royall Highnesse 
 Governm', And hope you will soe Informe and Advise his Royall Highnesse that it may Continue : 
 The Customs is now wholly Denyed to be payed the three yeares for which the Regulapon was 
 to hold good from November 1677 Being Expired and the Comicell Have mett and Advised 
 thereupon but find noe power or Authority to Continue the Same Longer w"'out order from 
 Home. Soe that it will be wholly Lost or att Least Cease for the present And Capt. Dyre being 
 now Very Sick of a Feavor A Pinke from I^ondon hath Unloaded without takeing any Notice 
 
550 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson Miver. 
 
 Either of Custorae House or Officers and Carryed their goods to their Storehouses without paying 
 any Customs of the which I have Given S' John Werden an account that his Royall Highnesse 
 may be made acquainted tliere with and ord" taken For payni' of the Garrison w"'' 1 know not now 
 how it will be Defrayed here Unlesse ord''' From his Royall Highnesse to Continue the Same my 
 Lady and all Here are Well and I pray God Keep it soe with you. Remaine 
 
 Yo' ffriend & Servant 
 
 A : Bkockholls. 
 
 LeiTEES FeOM CaPT. BeOCKHOLLS to CaPT. CaETEEETT EEFTJ6ING TO ACKNOWLEDGE 
 
 Cap''. Carteeetts authoeity in New Jersey. 
 
 New Yorke July the 26^'' 1681. 
 Cap'. Cartereit. 
 
 This Day Received Severall Papers from you by M^ Bullen and M". Leprcry which have 
 been shewn and read in Couucell but Find noe Power thereby for you to act in or Assume the 
 Government of Weio Jersey and till you Pursuant to o'' Former Ord''^ and Resolves in Councell & 
 yo' Paroll to me Produce and Shew a Sufficient Authority you are and I Doe hereby Require you 
 to Disist acting in any Publique Capasety and Remaine, 
 
 Yo"' ffriend and Servant 
 
 A.B. 
 
 Cap'. Carterett. New Yorke July the 30"^ 1681. 
 
 S^ 
 
 Yo""^ of the 28"' Received by which I perceive that if any Incivility were in mine of the 26"* 
 (as I know of none) you are Resolved to Exceed But I Cannot acknowlidge you A Governo'' nor 
 A Gentl : of that worth I Esteemed you till you performe your Parroll and Comply witli o'' Former 
 Ord''^ and Resolves in Councell by Producing the power if you have any that makes you soe and 
 thinke you have noe Reason to be higher now then att yo"" first Comeing or in 1674 yo' Reflects 
 I mind not but till am Better Satisfied have Just Cause to finde fault with and Complaine of 
 yo'' actings w^"" must Doe to yo'' Superiors and must Still Declare against them and forwarne yo'' 
 further Proceedings being without any knowne Authority you abuse my kindnesse and Misconstrue 
 my plainenesse to you which if you take not better measures will Redound to yo'' Disadvantage 
 I wish you Better then I thinke you Doe yo'' selfe and am Sorry for yo' unadvisednesse being 
 Willing to Remaine 
 
 S' 
 
 Yo'"" ffriend & Serv' 
 
 A. B. 
 
 I was soe Kinde to give you a Coppy of S'" John Wenlens Lre. which thought you would 
 have better Complyed w"" and observed it perticulerly Directing to what I Desire and E.xpect. 
 
New Yorl' Historical Recovih. 551 
 
 A Letter Fkom Capt. P.kockholls to S" John Weeden on the claim to New Jersey. 
 
 „ ,, ^ iV^«o For^e July the 30^" 1681. 
 
 Hono"'" S''. 
 
 Since mine of the 25'" tlie Inclosed Demand of Staten Island Iiath Come to my hands with a 
 Coppy of the Dnkes Grant bnt tlie Original! not having been shewn here and Eecorded as I Jndge 
 they ought and hath been formerly Practiced Doe take Little notice thereof nor give any Per- 
 ticuler answer to the Demand the within MenQoned Capt. Phillip Carterett not haveing Produced 
 and Shewne any Sufficient power to make the Same or act as Governo''. But have in answer 
 thereto Commanded him to Desist Acting in and Assumeing the Government Till Such Au- 
 thority Shall be Produced and Shewne and am Resolved not to pai-te with Staten Island without 
 Perticuler Direc9ons therein from his Roy" Highnesse, It being soe Materially Necessary for 
 this Governm' and never in their Possession who I thinke Incroach much on his Roy'U High' 
 Kindnesse to Clayme the Same I thought ffitt to Advise you there of that Suitahle Ord' may be 
 Given accordingly and am 
 
 nono"'= S-- 
 
 Your Affectionate fl'riend and humble Servant 
 
 A. B. 
 
 Propositions of Minisstnk Inde\ns and answer thereto. 
 
 Att a Counccll held in A\in York the 12"' day of Sepf 1G81. 
 
 Present, Capt. Brockholh, M.'. Phillips, W. Courtland. 
 
 The Minnissinke Sachamaker Rathquack, spoake first, & Sayed. 
 
 That he was here last yeare & spoake with the Governo'' that is Gone of their goeing to Hunt 
 «fe they went as farr as the Spanish Indians who found to be Angry j^eople & they fell on them & 
 killed 2 of there Indians then they gathered together & Sent out 20 of his stoutest men to see what 
 People they were & ord''ed them to Kill as many as they Could & they Killed 6 & brought nine 
 Prisoners of w'^'' 2 men & 2 weomen Escaj^ed Soe they brought but 5 home & gave. . . 
 
 This place being the old place & the first Citty here, they doe not Runn about to other 
 places but alwayes Come here, to make their Covenant & speake of greate things in y'^ P'sence of 
 y* Sachem of Tajjjyan, that as they have Alwayes had peace soe hope it will Continue as long as 
 they & their Cliildren Live, & though they are but poore people. And have not a Shirte to their 
 back, yett they will allwayes Keep their words & gave. . . 
 
 Although I have before Spoake of a firme peace yett it being Soe Good a thing doe againe 
 Repeate it & if any of his Indians shall I)reake it or Doe any hurte to the Christians he will Kill 
 them & this he speakes in y° P''8ence of his Young men & will take Care it be Kept & p''formed 
 amongst all his Indians accordingly & gave. 
 
 Relates that his People haveing been hunting thought to Have bought good Cloaths for y" 
 winter but finding Rumra in every house their men stayed there & Drunk ram & Spent their 
 Beavers, & ab' 60 were Killed by Knives in their Drinke in 3 yeares, therefore Desires y' Cap'. 
 Carterett may be sent to to forbid his people to sell Drinke to y" Indians & y' an Orde'' be made 
 here for that purpose least this land w* now in pea<;e & quiett should be in warr gave 19 Dressed 
 Skins & 1 Otter & a Musse, 
 
 38 beavers in all. 
 
552 Colonial Settlements on the Hudmi River. 
 
 Answer to y^ Minissinke Indians PROPOS190N8. 
 
 I am Glad to See yo""' Safe Returne & that yo" have found out soe good a Country to gett 
 Beaver in believe yo" have behaved yo'selves as Stout Souldiers & am sorry for yo'' losse but that 
 must be Expected when wee Goe to Warr, w'^'' I hope will not happen againe ; yo'' Endeavoring 
 to make an advantageous Peace that you may hunt in quiett. You Doe well to Come & Continue 
 y" Peace & friendship between us & soe long as yo" Doe well on yo'' Parts shall not be broake on o"^^. 
 13 Shirts, 6 fathom A Continued firme Peace is good & yo" Doe well to take Care of yo"" Young 
 
 .^rn'^n^l"""'"""' men the Same be not broaken & wee will Doe the like on o^ parts. 
 
 12 Rolls Tobacco, ^ 
 
 X grosse pipes. There is ord'"* und'' Greate penaltj'es here to prohibite y* Selling of Rumm 
 
 to Indians, & shall Send to Cap'. Carterett that it be Soe there, but if they will Discover who 
 sells to y® Contrary they shall be punished. 
 
 A Letter from Cat''. Brockiiolle to Cap''. Thomas Delavall at the Esopus 
 
 DESIREING HIM TO KEEP PEACE AND GOOD ORDER IN HIS DISTRICT, LATELY MUCH 
 DISTURBED. 
 
 New Torhe, Novemb" lO"- 1681. 
 Cap . Thomas Delavall. 
 
 S^. — Being Informed that Severall Disord'^ and Troubles have and Doe Happen and Arize att 
 the Esopus tending to the Greate Disturbance and Breach of the Peace which you Being Cheife 
 Magistrate there aught to prevent and now Goeing to those partes Doe hereby Perticulerly Recom- 
 mend the same to yo'' prudent Care and Mannagem' not Doubting all other Officers will be Assist 
 ing on their partes and performe their Dutyes in Like Manner that the publike peace and Quiett 
 of the Inhabitants may be preserved and the Generall publique good Advanced and Promoted. 
 To which end I would have all undue and Uiilawfull Meetings of people without Authority pre- 
 vented and all Erreguler practices in procureing Subscriptions from the Inhabitants avoyded, 
 Being not Justifiable by Law And that you will take Care the Eight hundred Gikr' payable for 
 his Roy" High' use be Secured and Collected which is all att present wishing you a Good Voyage. 
 Remaine S*^ 
 
 Yo'' Affectionate ffriend, 
 
 A. B. 
 
 A Letter from Cap''. Brockiiolls to Cap . Thomas De Lavall : Distribution 
 OF Land at the Esopus. Quarrels to be avoided. 
 
 New Yorke, January 12'", 1681-2. 
 Cap'. Thomas De Lavall. 
 
 S". — Yo'^ of the Second Instant Received am Glad to heare of yo'' Good Health But sorry 
 soe much trouble happens to you which thaught my Last would have Greatly prevented. To 
 the Matter of Disposall of Land Being the thing Cheifely Insisted on I thinke you much in the 
 Right when you Insist on the Observance of the Law which Gives perticuler Direc9ons and is 
 the Rule for all to walke by, and the Best way to Prevent Disord''" According to which as yo'" 
 selfe soe all Others Auglit to Regulate themselves. Yo' many yeares Practice Being a Good and 
 Lively Example As for Building in out farmes if the Law be sylent in that Perticuler, the 
 
Nev) York Hhioviml Reconh. 553 
 
 Severall Orders of Former Groverno" must be Enquired after and Observed But Certainly most 
 Neccessary in yo'' Parts to Keep togather in Townesiiips, and If any Act Contrary to be Pio- 
 ceeded against Accordingly. I Know yo"- Good Nature Did soe Farr Condesend when liere to 
 Passe by all Former Affronts From Justice Lexoh De Bols and Hoped his Carriage and Comport- 
 ment Would not Have Provoaked you Againe but finde my Expecta9on Deceived and a further 
 Tryall putt on yo' Patience which I nnist Intreatc you to beare as Easio as Possil>le their Being 
 att Present noe Other Remedy to Prevent Quarrel! and the Further 111 Effects, yo'' Assistance is 
 soe Neccesssary in the Publique Concerns of those Parts that Cannot any wayes Admitt tlie Lay- 
 ing Downe your Commission Butt Desire the Dilligent Execution thereof for the Generall 
 Good, in which you Never Have Been Wanting and shall Oblidge me to Remaine S', 
 
 Yo"^ Affectionate ffriend, 
 
 A. B. 
 
 A Lycence to Jacob Rdtgees & W". Fisher to Purchase Land att Esopus of the Indians. 
 By the Comaiid"' in Clieife. 
 Whereas Jacob Rutgers of the Esopus Did on the 11"" of Aprill past make Applycagoii to 
 the Court there for Liberty to buy of the Indians a parcell of Land over the Redouht Kill Lye- 
 ing against his Land which the Said Court Granted him on Condi9on If I Should Approve 
 thereof and the said Jacob Ruttgers now desireing my ApprobaQon These are to Certifie that I 
 have & Doe Hereby Approve of the Same and Grant Liberty and Lycence to the said Jacob 
 Ruttgers to purchase of the Indian Proprietors the said Parcell of Land makeing Due Returne 
 thereof to the Office of Records Here in Order for ConfirmaQon and Improvement According to 
 Law Given under my Hand in New Yorlo this 12'" January 1681-2. 
 
 A. B. 
 
 A PROCLAMAgON RENEWING A FoRMER PROCLAMA9ON PROHIBITING TE.UDE WITH 
 
 THE Indians in their Townes and PLANTA90NS in the Country. 
 
 By the Comander in Cheife &, Councell. 
 Whereas Upon Complaint of many Disorders and Mischeifs that had Happened and were 
 Likely to Happen by Christians tradeing with Indians Contrary to Law in Indian Townes or 
 Planta9ons or Abroad in the Country or Rivers, There Issued out a Proclama9on the 1-i of March 
 167f Requiring all Magistrates Officers or Persons Whatsoever to very Vigilent that noe person 
 or persons Yessells Boate or Canoe, Doe on any Pretence by Land or Water trade with any In- 
 dians on penalty of fforfiture of all Such Vessells Boate or Canoes, and the Goods they shall soe 
 Carry to trade with or trade for. Which were to be Secured and Conveyed to the Sherriffe of 
 this Citty, or present Notice Given that they may be proceeded Against as Above, When the 
 Discoverer whether Indian or other to have all the said Goods or the Value Allowed them for 
 Discovery with Punishm' for Concealing or not Discovering the Same, as in and by the said 
 Proclama9on may more att Large Appeare, Which being Limitted for one yeare from the said 
 Date is Expired. And Dayly Complaints Being made of Like Disord''^ and Mischeifs Occasioned 
 by said trade with the Indians as Aforesaid These are therefore to Continue and Renue the said 
 70 
 
554 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 ProclamaQon and in his Ma"'-'' name to Require all Magistrates and Other Officers fnlly to pntt the 
 same in Execu9on and to Exact and take the penaltyes therein Directed as Aforesaid from the 
 person or persons Offending or Acting Contrary there to till further Order, of which all persons 
 are to take Notice and Conforme themselves Accordingly Att their perrills, Dated in New Yorke 
 this twenty Eighth Day of January one thousand Six Hundred Eighty one* in the thirty third 
 yeare of this Ma''''" Reigne : 
 
 A. B. 
 To the Dep : Mayor and Ald''nien of tlic Citty of JSFeio Turke to be forthwith Published. 
 
 A Lycenck Gkanted to Coenelis Van Buksum to Purchase Land of the In- 
 dians BACK of the Highlands on the Hudson. 
 
 By the Comander in Cheife. 
 Whereas Cornells Van Bursum of this Citty hath made Applicagon For Liberty and Lycenee 
 to purchase of the Indians a Certaine jjarcell or tract of Land Lyeing on the East side of Hudson 
 River Behither the High-Lands to Settle A ffarnie or Planta9on or for the Improvem' of Hus- 
 bandry, These are to Certifie that I have and Doe Hereby with Advise of the Councell Grant 
 Liberty and Lycenee to the said Gornelis Van Bursum, to purchase of the Indians the said Parcell 
 or tract of Land and to Settle A fFanne or Planta9on thereupon, he makeing Due Retume thereof 
 to the Office of Records Here in Order to ConfirmaQon, and makeing Improvement and perform- 
 ing what the Law in Such Cases Requires, Given under my Hand in New- Yorke this third Day 
 ffeh'''' in the thirty Fourth yeare of his Ma"'''' Reigne Annoq. Domini 1681-2. 
 
 A Letter From Cap^. Brockholls to Cap'. De Lavall. Internal disorders 
 at the Esopus Continue. Defence of the district. A " Petrara " to be 
 SENT to the Esopus. 
 
 New Yorke March 9'" 1681-2. 
 Cap*. Thomas De Lavall. 
 
 Yo''" of the third Instant Received and Expected a Better Ace' of yo"" Partes then the Con- 
 tinued Disord'' Especially Amongst the Magistrates whose Buisnesse it is to Prevent it in Others 
 much more to Avoid it in themselves. I know not where the ffault Perticulerly Lyes But Beleeve 
 yon will be noe wayes Wanting, what you Men9on About Indian Reports Beleeve to be Ground- 
 lesse, But Commend yo''.Care to be truly Informed and to Putt yo'' selfe into A Good Posture of 
 Defence to Prevent Surprize, Have Gott onePretererceof M'. Minviel and two Chambersf which 
 will Come to you in Lucas Sloope and shall speake to M^ Courtland for Another who att Present 
 is out of towne. It hath not benn Practiced nor Cann it be Expected that any Come from hence 
 to Assist att yo' Court of Sessions but the same must be kept as formerly, I have Lately Re- 
 ceived Orders from his Roy" High" for the Continuance of all Magistrates & Justices in theii 
 Severall Stations till further Order w"'' Please to Communicate to the Rest, all is well here and 
 hope will Continue soe with you, Reraaine 
 
 S'' Y"' affectionate ffriend 
 
 A. B. 
 * 1683. t A species of ordnance, Webster. 
 
New York Historical Kecurda. 555 
 
 A Letter From Cap''. Bkockholls to the CoNraiisAiJiKs Arr Ai.uany &o. on 
 
 TUK KJfiLATIONb BKTWEEN TUE New Yulili LmDIANS AND MaRVI.ANU. 
 
 New Yorkc' March 29: 1(582 : 
 CTentleinen. 
 
 Yo" of tlie 21"' Instant with the Indians Proposi9ons received by which Perceive are Seiici- 
 ble of wrong Done to the Christians in Maryland hut Excused and Denyed by themselves and 
 Seemeingly Desireous to Continue Peace and ffriendship Since which I have Received an Ex- 
 l)resse from my Lord Baltimore Concerneing the same Relateing that Nino Cliristians were 
 Killed by some of the Northerue Indians the Last Summer Suspecting tliose with whom Coll. 
 Coursey made A Peace in their Behalves att w"'' are mueli Troubled bul, liave not (as was Re- 
 ported), Resolved or Declared Warr Against the Indians butt Expect Sittisfagon Otherwise if 
 Possible, for whose Safety and the Prevention of the Like for the future I have Promissed and 
 Desire you to use all Endeavours Possible and that the Murtlierers bo Discovered And when next 
 you Speake with the Maquas and Seanecas or Others in Amity with us Acquaint them thereof 
 and Recommend to them the Continuance and Due Observa(;on of the Peace and iiriendship with 
 us and that made with Coll. Coursey for Maryland to which in their Leagues with Other Indians 
 they must have A Perticuler Regard and not joyne with any to wrong or Prejudice the Christians 
 who Offer none to them Butt the Contrary and they need not Apprehend or feare Any "Will. 
 They Keepeing their CoveTiant firme and Invyolable, you must Likewise give them in Charge 
 that they be very Carefull and Prevent Any of their Young men Rambling or Makeiug any In- 
 cui-sioua on the Christiana to the Southward, which is the Only Needfull att Present from 
 
 Yo'' Affectionate tiiriend. 
 
 A. B. 
 
 Letter from Cap''. Brockholls to my Lokp Baltemore and Councell att 
 Maryland, (on tue relations between New Y''oek Indians and Maryland.) 
 
 New Yorl-e, March 29'", 1682. 
 Right Hono"". 
 
 Yo" of the 4"" Instant per Cap*. Richard Hill yesterday Came to Hand whom kindly 
 Received and with all Speed Dispatched Am Extreainly Troubled att the Effusion of Christian 
 blood and Other Deprada9ons in your Province (which were not Before Informed of, and Although 
 Rumoured Unwilling to beleeve Hopeing their might be noe truth therein) to Prevent which as 
 it hath Alwayes been the Care and Endeavour of my Predecessors not only out of Christian Duty 
 but A Perticuler Respect wee Beare to your Province soe in my Station shall be as Dilligent and 
 Ready and noe wayes wanting to Doe you any Service therein; Assureing you that all his 
 Ma""' Subjects in all our Leagues and Treatyes with Indians Have had Alike Equall Esteems, 
 And wee the same Regard for their Safty and Defence as our Selves, However Vyolated ; the 
 Northerne Indians whom you Charge to have been the Actors of those Mischeifs are soe Numer- 
 ous farr. Distant and of soe many Severall Nations that I know not whom to Aske Sattisfac9on 
 off and Have Little Cause to thinke the Maquas and Senecas who have Heitherto Continued true 
 and keepe their League with us should soe soone forgett that more Perticulerly made for you by 
 Coll. Coursey (and which I Beleeved would Prove an Effectuall meanes For Future Quiett) butt 
 Rather that they thinke you Slight or fforgett them no!ie from your Partes Ilaveing been to 
 lienue the Peace as is usuall and Expected by them wee Doeing the same yearly and if Duly 
 
556 Colonial Settlements on the Hadaon River. 
 
 Observed might be of Greate BenefBtt and Advantage for the Preserva9on of Peace and qiiiett 
 and Continua9on of ffrieudship The Yery Rumour of what in yo" is Pertienlerly MenQoned hath 
 been soe Resented by this Government that the Maques and Sennecas haveing tliis month been to 
 Renue the Peace Doc wholly Excuse themselves and Deny to have liad Any hand in Killing 
 the Christians in Maryland or Done Any Harme to them and are Sorry to Ileare Any is Done 
 and that they Seelce to Live in peace and not have Any Warr with the Christians. I have Ord'ed 
 Strict Inquirey to be made Amongst the Severall nations of Indians for the Murtherers and that 
 none Doe ramble or make Any Incursions in your Partes. And Doe not find the Indians Any 
 wise Inclynable to make Warr but all Desireous of the Continua9on of peace and ffriendship and 
 Am sorry the Present luncture of Affaires, will not admitt me to serve you as I Could wish and 
 Renue your Perticuler League which Judge Absolutely Necessary you give Order in and I thinke 
 was Promissed Should, and may prevent further trouble or Addresses In the meane time bee 
 Confident you shall not be out of my thoughts. And as farr as I have Power and Abillity will 
 Serve you and Indeavour the Peace and Quiett of all his Ma"^' Subjects Perticulerly yo' Province 
 whose Flappinesse and Prosperity I Rejoyce att as our Owne And yo' Desires in all Respects 
 shall meete with as Ready Concurrence and Accomoda9on as Cann Possiblie bee Expected from 
 and is in the Power off. 
 
 Right Hono"'" 
 
 Yo' Affectionate Neighbour and humble Servant, 
 
 A. B. 
 
 A Letter from Cap'^. Brockholls to the Commtsaeies and Court att Albany 
 (informing them that Colonels Coursey and Lotd, agents for Lord Balti- 
 more, ARE coming to AlBANY TO MAKE PEACE WITH THE NeW YoEK InDIANs). 
 
 Gentlemen. New Torke, June the 10'", 1682. 
 
 This Accompanyes Coll. Coursey and Coll. Loyd who are Commissionated from the Lord 
 Baltemore and Province of Maryland to treate with the Indians and Procure A firme and Last- 
 ing Peace for which Haveing made Applyca9on Have Granted them Liberty, and Desire you to 
 be Assistant to them therein as Needfull my Occassions will not Admitt Mee to Come up There- 
 fore Desire that yon or Some of you be Present att all Discourses or Meetings of the Indians 
 And see that Due Method Observed as may be Best for the Accomplishing the Same And Con- 
 tinuance of Peace & that you see nothing be Any wise to Farr Insisted on to Give Any Dislikes 
 or Predjnce Haveing Regard to the Peace made with Coll. Coursey Alone, w'='' is Perticulerly 
 Recomended to them And that all Treaty's And Discourses be in Publique to Maintaine the 
 Hono' of o' Governm' in all which not Doubting of yo' Care & Circumspec9on And that from 
 time to time may have an Account of your Proceedings. 
 
 I Remaine, Gentlemen, vo' Affectionate ffriend, 
 
 A. B. 
 
 Resolution of a Town Meeting on Statrn Island aboih- tue pay of their Minister. 
 
 Att a Towne meeting held the l'.*'" Day of June 1682 By ord' of Ric¥' Stillwell Esq' one of 
 his Ma''" Jus^ticcs of the Peace. 
 
 Being put to the vote Mdiether the Inhal)itauts would freely Consent that a Towne Rate 
 
JS'cw York Historical Records. 557 
 
 should he forthwith made in ord' to y"= Satisfaction & payni' of W. Morgan Jones wlio by the 
 Choice & at y" desire of y" Inhabitants aforesaid has Exercised the function of a Minister in this 
 Island this yeare last Past, It was carryed in tlie aihrmativo for which there were thirty eight 
 votes & for the Negative but thirty one, Where upon Orders that y" Com'rs formerly Chosen & 
 appointed by the Inhabitants of this Island for that puqiose doe cause a Eate to be made whereby 
 a Sufficient Surame of money may be raised for tlie imediate Satisfaction of y^ s* M^ Morgan 
 Jones according to agreement & that they take some speedy Course that y» Same may be collected, 
 Ordered that this be presented to the Court of Sessions. 
 
 . Per Fka. "Williamson Cler. Cur. 
 
 Copia Vera. 
 
 Letter from tue Commissioners of Maryland at Albany to Comm" Beockholls. 
 TuE Oneidas and Onondagas on the war path against Maryland. 
 Honored S^ Att Albany June 24, 1682. 
 
 The 7"' Day after our departure from you being the 23'''' instant, we arrived here at Albany 
 & that day obtained the favour of the Commysares to come to us, who readily procured for us 5 belts 
 of peak to send to the five nations to come and speak with us, (which this morning 
 Arnold weut away with) Since his going we have rec'' Informacjon y' there were gone 
 2 troopes of the Oniades down into Maryland. & a Third preparing to goe. The Conse- 
 quence of w""'' wee believe may bee very ill to our Country. This S'' put us upon Inquireing of y= 
 Commissayries whether yo"' bono" instructions yo" were pleased to acquaint us w"', were put in 
 practice (viz. y' the S** Indians should not attempt any more to goe into Maryland or Virginia to 
 disturbe or destroye any of his Ma"" Subjects there, & upon the discourse wee find y' y^ Indians 
 have no such Commands layed upon them. Only some kind of words used to some . Indians 
 
 tending to y' purpose & this ill consequence, this 
 
 will be wee are liere coming to treate for y" peace & they whom wee are to treate w"" are cutting 
 the throats of his Ma'"'^ subjects in Virginia & Maryland in the meanetime, & this we con- 
 ceive arise in y' y' s" instructions were not soe positive or well carryed, as the quality of the affair 
 required. Now S' o' humble request to you is y' y" will please to send up by y first y' comes this 
 way a power from under your hand to us to despatch away from hence some person y' wee may 
 employ for our money to goe after the s'' troopes, in such manner & wayes as Avee shall find most 
 probable to draw y" back & prevent y" going of the 3'''^, & this wee the more earnestly desire, be- 
 cause wee understand some of the troopes are commanded by Susquehannas of whom wee have 
 too greate cause to believe y' they will bend their designs upon y° Xtians. 2'"'ly That this 
 being the only & greate affair wee came about, may not be slighted or neglected, in passing 
 through other hands soe y' wee may use all our endeavors for the preservation of his Ma"*' 
 two Collonies, . . Eequest y' in case any Ship bee come from . . y* you will 
 
 please to communicate w^*" us the news from thence. All being secure in good order and quiett. 
 
 Henry Codksey, Coll. Phil Lloyd. ^ 
 
 Letter from the same to the same. 
 
 Forte Albany June 25 1682. 
 This afteraoone I rec'' yo"' by the hands of M'. Jirovme & though I writ yesterday joyntly 
 w"' Coll. Coursey I am unwilling to oniitt making any particular acknowledgment of the favor y' 
 
558 Colonial iSettlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 you have pleased by the covert of yours to bring mine soe safely to my hands, & least 1 should 
 be behinde liand in my gratitude if any of . .In the escaped .... tumultuous Rabble 
 in Yiryinia have destroyed [my tobacco] in four counties computed to be 8 or 10 000 h.heads, 
 & . . persist notwithstanding }' 10 or 12 have beene slain, & many taken prisoners, yett 
 there was hopes y' they would bee fully suppressed in some short time, for y' the Goveruui* had 
 very timely secured all arms from them. 
 
 S' The news you had of S"' Henry Chichleys house being burnt is too trew, but my Lord in- 
 forms me it was not by them, But by accident, whereby S'' Henry had a very great losse, saving 
 no part of his goods, S"' This w'** my humble service is all at present, from y' very thankful as 
 well as, 
 
 Honor'' S'' y^ i^ery humble Serv' 
 
 Phil. Lloyd. 
 
 S' We have thought it necessary to despatch two of our attendants to Maryland to informe my 
 Lord y^ some troopes of the Unlades, & Uoiedagoes, are gone downe into our Contry «fe as we hear 
 under such capotaines as are likely to doe us mischiefe. Thatt he may take such course as best 
 pleaseth him to j^revent the evill, & we have ordered them to waite on yo"" bono'' for letters if 
 y° please to write thatt way, & I earnestly hope y' you will not fayl sending us upp a permission 
 to Imploy such persons as wee can agree w"" all to goe to those nations, & gett what Indians hee 
 can downe with him to recall those troopes, & see if he can make a peace between them & our 
 nayboring Indians, soe y' we may never see them more, for we shall never be att quiett so long 
 as their warre continues. 
 
 S'' your most humble Servants, 
 
 Heney Couesey, Phillip Lloted. 
 
 We have further Information of some Quingoes troopes gone into our Country, & wee cannot 
 
 LErrEE FEOM Coenelius van Dyck in eegaed to the Maeyland CoMinssiON- 
 
 EES ; CONFEEENCE WITH THE FiVE NATIONS CALLED. 
 
 Ilono" S--. Alh. 26 June 1682 
 
 Yours accompanying Coll. Conrsey en Col. Loid Rec* y'= 22"" instant and according to your 
 desyre, shall be assisted . . as shall be Requisited, and see y' due Method in every 
 
 Particular observed as formerly, wee did Procure y*^ 5 Belts of Zw' to send to y° 5 Nations of 
 Indians that very day . . & next morning betimes, Aemout took horse and Proceeded on 
 his journey who intends w"' Gods Assistance, to be here again in 20 days time. They have desyred 
 h;m to speak to y° Indians, to be all here att one time, soe y' the nearest Indians, must waite y° 
 furthest Indians comeing downe, & soo be here altogether, w"='' indeed will bee more advantageous 
 to their Proceedings, y° one being apt to accuse the other and So probably (as you intimated in 
 yours of y'= 29"' March Last) y"" Murtherers may be discovered. 
 
 They have not yett shown us there Propositions, neither have they divulged to us, what their In- 
 tentions were, and how they intend to Proceed, but as farr as wee can understand it a distance would 
 willingly draw us in there Line, & have y^ People unanimous & to be Ranked in y= Covenant w'" 
 us being his Ma"'° Subjects, Alleaging that it is our dutyes Soe to doe, & our Preservation, Butt 
 
Neiv Yorh Iliistorical licconlx. 559 
 
 wee doe not judge it fit or Coiiveiiieiit . . for our Preservation oi- lion'' of y'' Govornm' to Insist 
 ony' Point, thinking it most Saifc to keep oiir linger out of y" fire, so ong as wee can, for if wee 
 did but once aggree to y', That tliere Covenant tc ours were one & y' same, then whatsoever Evill 
 done by y" Indians to them, wee were obliged to Prosecute }'" Offenders, as done to ourselfe, by 
 vertuo of s'' Covenant, but wee shall acquaint y" Indians as you mention in yo'' Letter by way of 
 discourse after y' Propositions. That tlii'y are . . . his Maj" subjects as well as wee & y' in 
 violating y" Covenant w"' them, they cannot Expect any Keliefe or assistance from us, & Recom- 
 mend to them the Continuance & due observation of ^ Peace made w"' Col. Coursei/, and y' they 
 must have a Particular Regard in tliere Leagues w"' other Indians, not to joyne w"' any to wrong 
 or Prejudice y* Christians, and to prevent there young mens goeing out a fighting to y° South- 
 ward, for fear of making Incursions on y" Christians, which wee think is as much as neiglibours 
 can doe, Except wee make no difference at all betwixt our Peace & there Peace, and our warr and 
 there warr. 
 
 This is all y* aco' wee can give you at p'^sent of Proceedings till wee are C'ertainly Informed 
 of y" Intentions when wee shall also give you a ])articular ac'. Expecting a line from you p' y° 
 first, Wee Remaine, 
 
 Your most lunnble Serv''' 
 Y'^ Coinis. of Albanie. 
 
 CoRNKi.Ys Van Dyck. 
 
 To the Honored Capt. Antho. HnM-MoIh, Conumder in Clieefe at JV. I'orke. 
 
 A Leiter FfitiM Cai'''. P>kockiiolls to my Loun Paltemore A-n- Maryland. 
 Indian affairs. 
 
 R^Honfie Sfew Yorke June SO'" 16S2. 
 
 Yo" Lordships of the 15"^ Past by Coll. Courscy and Coll. Lloijd Gratefully Received and 
 to them TJoe Give all faith and Credence Being Persons truly worthy of and Capable to Perfornie 
 yo'' Lordships Comands and Countrys Service. For the Expediteing of which what Capable to 
 Serve them in Hath in noe Case Been wanting And they are now att AJhany where my Occasions 
 would not Admitt rae to M^aite on them my Selfe But have ordered all in place to Serve and Give 
 all Assistance to them in their ]Sregotia9on. This Day Received two Letters from them by the Bearers 
 Hereof In which they Intimate to have Received Informa^on that Some Troops of Indians ai-e 
 Gonn towards y'' Parts of which Have noe Certaine Advise And Ilaveing Formerly on yo" by 
 Cap', mil Ordered the Contrary, Cannot Absolutely Creditt the same Butt shall Give Renued 
 Orders for the Generall Safety of his Ma"" Subjects Especially in yo" Province and Yirgmia. 
 The Enclosed Came under Cover to me by A Vessell that Arrived here From London the 27'" 
 Instant which by this as the first and safest Conveyance I Forward to yo" Lordship have Little of 
 News Butt that all is Quiett and his Roy" High' well att London Am Sorry to here the Tumult 
 in Virginia is Gott to Such A Head Butt hope tliey' bee Supprest without much Losse all well 
 here as I hope it will Continue with yo" Lordship, To whom the Tenders of my most Humble 
 Service with full Assurance that I am and will Remaine 
 
 R' Hono"'". 
 Yo" Lordships most faithfull and Humble Servant, 
 
 . A. B. 
 
560 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 A Letter From Cap'' Brockholls to the Commtsaries Arr Albany. Indian 
 
 AFFAIRS. 
 
 Gentlemen. New Yorke June tlie 30"" 1682. 
 
 Yo's of the 26"" this Afternoon Received and this Day two from Coll. Coursey and Coll 
 Lloyd Intimateing that they arc Informed that Sevei-all Troops of the Oniades and other Indians 
 are Goune And Gocing For Maryland &c which they Feare to be of 111 Consequence. Butt 
 Haveing noe Account there of From yo' Selves or Other Hands being A Matter of Iinporte 
 And wholly Forbiden Give Little Creditt there to However would Have you Advise And 
 Assist them in all Neccessary For his Ma"*-'" And Coiintrys Service Especially to Prevent Any 
 Incursions or ffurther Trouble in Maryland. And if true to Diverte them the Methods Men- 
 9oned in yo''* for the Indians Meeting I will Approve off And Leave ffurther Considerapon to 
 yo' Prudent Mannagement Being well Acquainted And more Experienced In Such Affairs. 
 Tour Apprehensions are Good About Eanking us in the Covenant with them And Judge most 
 Proper to be Answered as you Men^on with Regard to o'' Perticul"' Honour And Interest and 
 Generall Safety of all his Ma""" Subjects Lett all Proposi^ons be Considered and Agreed on Be- 
 fore Spoake to the Indians And Prevent as much as Possible Private Persons Babbleing and False 
 Reports w'*" Breed Confusion, the 27"* Arrived A Shipp from London Little News butt that 
 the Duke was there and all Quiett. Lett me here From you by all Opportunityes I Remaine, 
 Gentlemen, Yo"' Affectionate ffriend, 
 
 A. B. 
 
 A Letter From Cap'' Brockholls to Coll. Coursky and Coll. Loyd at Albany. 
 Indlan affairs. 
 
 Honored S" New Yorhe June 30"> 1682. 
 
 To''s of 24*'' And 25*'' Instant this Day About noone Came to Hand And Am Glad to here 
 of your Good Health and Safe Arrivall Butt sorry you should be Informed of Troops of Indians 
 Goeing Towards Maryland A thing soe Perticuler Forbiden And which the Commysaries noe 
 wayes Advise me off which makes me Doubt the Truth However Have Given Orders to the Com- 
 mysaries And all in place to Advise and Assist you in all Necessary to prevent any Trouble to his 
 Ma'"'"'' Subjects in Maryland or Else where and if Such Reports l)e true to Diverte tlie Indians 
 from Such InteuQons &c Question not but you will meete with Full Sattisffac^on Accordingly 
 the 27'" Instant Arrived A Shipp from London by whom Cap* Baxter A Leiften' in the Gar- 
 risson Little News butt the Dukes Being in London And all Quiett there. I wish you a Speedy 
 and Sattisffactory Dispatch In yo' Negotia^on That I may have the Happinesse to Enjoye yo' 
 Good Corapanys much Acceptable to 
 
 Hono^ S" 
 
 Yo'' most humble Sen^ant, 
 
 A. B. 
 
 A Letter From Cap^ Brockholls to Coll. Coursey anb Coll. Loyd att Albany. 
 Indian Troubles. 
 Hono*"^ gre jsfeio Yorhe July the 4*" 1682. 
 
 To's of the 24*'' and 25*'' June I Answered the 30*'' Ditto since which yo's of the First of 
 July is Come to Hand in Answer to which I am Strangely Sui-prized and much Admire soe 
 
New Yorh Historical Records. 561 
 
 Groundless A Eeporte as that of Indian Troops Gone to Maryland Should Gett soe much Creditt 
 as to give you the Trouble of an Expresse whicli Possibly may Allarum those parts with Greater 
 Feares and Jealosies then ever which Haveing fully Enquired and Exanined After Caiin finde 
 noe Cause for nor could I have tliought you would have made Proposi90iis to the Comniysaries 
 his Ma"*' Subjects in that Maimer yo"' Buisinesse According to the Commission you Produced 
 Being to treate with and Confirme A peace with the Seneeas And Otlier Indians According to 
 the Articles made by Coll. Coursey in which wee are requested (if need be) to Give you All 
 Assistance And I thought Before you went From Hence you had A Full Assurance thereof and 
 of o'' Reall and Neighbourly Inclyna9on to Serve you And all his Ma'"'''' Subjects in Such Methods 
 as o' Long Experience hath Given us to Know is most Usefull Neccessary and Expedient pui^ 
 suant to which wee Sent Orders to the Commysaries And those iu Place to Assist and Advise 
 you Accordingly. The matter Being Clieifly to Confirme or Renue a Peace Formerly made may 
 more Properly be Done and Accomplisiied without soe much Threats of Wai-r or Giveing them 
 Opportunity of Greater Feares or Jealosies then they have The Method that heitherto Kept us 
 in Peace And by o'' meanes the Rest of his Ma"'''* Subjects Both East and "West is Certainly Best 
 Still to be ffollowed And not to be Led by New Councells Out of the Usuall and Common Road 
 in which wee are best Understood as wee are Acquainted with the Indiaiis soe best know our owne 
 Condi9ons And Consequently what most suitable for Both, Should be Glad if in my Power to 
 have A League and Coufederary with Maryland. Butt Doe not find you Any wayes Autliorized 
 to Propose, or conclude the Same being A thing of Another Nature then Confirmeing A Peace 
 with Indians which I Cannot Apprehend soe Difiicult as Rendred The Neighbourly Affection 
 this Collony Beares to yo' Province hath Alwayes and shall Indure A Greater Readynesse to serve 
 them then Any yo'' Threats Cann Oblidge nor Cann they bee Received Kindly not Expecting 
 Such Unsavory Returnes Especially from your Selves whom yo" Capacity Place And Circum- 
 stances might have kept to more Moderate termes, I Presume to know my Duty and shall Alwayes 
 be Accomptable for the Same to my Superiours and Duly Discharge my Sclfe Accordingly And 
 now hope you will Proceed to your Buissinesse Pursuant to yo' Commission And if Any thing 
 to Add Relateing to the Pisscattaways or Other your ffriend Indians may Act therein as shall 
 thiuke fitt wee not Concerneing our Selves to be Oblidged or Ingaged for them Butt have 
 Ordered you all Assistance and Advise possible whicli May Freely Accept From those in Place 
 Without Any Apprehensions or Jealosies, or that Any tiling but his Ma ""^ Service and Preserva- 
 9on of liis Subjects is Designed And Intended by, 
 
 S" 
 
 Yo' Assured flriend and Servant 
 
 A. B. 
 
 A Letter from Cap''. Brockholi.s t(j the Commysaries att Alhant. Indian troubles. 
 Gentlemen. ^>'« ^orJ^^ J^lj the 4- 1682. 
 
 Yo" of the 28'" June and 1^' of July by Mertye Gerrittsen Received and much Admired you 
 meete with soe much Difficulty About A matter Soe Plaine and Easie as these Gents Message 
 and Negotiation is Being only to Confirme A Peace which you all know was Formerly made with 
 Coll. Coursey Alone And if they Cann Add Anything in Behalfe of the Piscattaioayes or Other 
 their ffriend Indians itt is their Owne Concerne and wee noe wayes to be Oblidged or meddle 
 71 
 
562 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 therein o' Assistance is Only Desired if need be And that to Procure the Indians to Come to 
 Speake with them and to see that noe thing be Proposed or Done in Prejudice to the Honour and 
 Interest of our Collouy About which by my two former Have Advised you Desireing you to be 
 Present att all Discourses And see all Done in Publique wee Have nothing Perticulerly to Pro- 
 pose or say to the Indians but when Doe shall in our Usuall Manner Generally Enclude all his 
 Ma'"'^ Subjects I Could not have thauglit Propo8i9ons would have Been made to you in Sucli 
 Manner Being from their Buiseuesse and Commission Butt Expected They would Shew and make 
 you Acquainted what they intend to say to the Indians which you must see and Approve of Be- 
 fore Declared and Proceed in o"" former Accustomary Method by which wee have Hitherto 
 Enjoyed A Long peace and Enclyne not to New Councells or Projects which may Produce Con 
 trary Effects. I have Sent A Coppy of their Commission for yo"' Better SattisffacQon And 
 Desire your Care and Dilligence with all Courtesie and Civillity Being for the Generall Good 
 and Hono'' of the Collouy butt more Perticulerly yo"' Selves whose Trade they are not to meddle 
 with Lett lue Heare From you by all Opportunities I Remaine 
 
 Gentlemen 
 
 Yo"' Affectionate ffriend 
 
 A. B. 
 
 A Leti'ee feom Cap''. BEocKnoLLS to Coll. Heney Couesey and Coll. Phill 
 LoYD, agents of Makyland at Albany. Indian troubles. 
 
 July the 15*" 1CS2. 
 Honor'' S". 
 
 Yo" of the 11*'' Instant this Day Received with M''. Shigtenhorst Declaracjon Concerneing 
 Indians &c. which if true Cannot Apprehend is Designed or Intended to hurte or anoy his Ma"'^'* 
 Subjects in Maryland and Virginia nor Judge the Same Sufficient to Declare or make them the 
 Kings Enetnyes who heitherto have and hope will Continue in Peace and ffriendship with us and 
 all his Ma"'^^ Subjects o'' Neighbours. But as wee never have Concerned o' Selves in their Differ- 
 ences Quarrells and Disputes with Other Na9ons of Indians Especially soe Remote soe thinke it 
 noe wayes Adviseable or Serviceable to the King or Country to Doe it now The Supply of Am- 
 muni9on Being A Principall Parte of o'' Trade have noe Cause to Forbidd till they are Really 
 knowne and Declared to be o'' Enemyes and then Selfe Preservapon as well as o'' Perticuler Regard 
 to your Parts &c will Oblidge us to take all Due Coui-ses and Ord" to Prevent the Same Butt 
 hope when the Indians and you Speake togather the Peace may he soe Friendly and Amicably 
 made and Confirmed that these matters Premised may Give you and us noe Further Trouble. 
 I was sorry att the Occassion Butt Could Doe noe Lesse then Resent yo" which mucli Surprized 
 me and I must now Lett you know that none is more Zealous for his Ma"*"^ Service and Good of 
 his Ma"=' Subjects in Generall nor Ready to Assist you in this your Negotiacjon And to Endeavoui- 
 the Quiett Peace and Tranquility of this and the Provinces of Maryland and Virginia then my 
 Selfe to the Utmost of my Capacity who Desii-es Only to be truly Understood and Esteemed as I 
 Really and Sincerely am. 
 
 Hono^'' Sirs 
 
 Yo' Assured ffriend and Humble Servant 
 
 A. B. 
 
2\^<-w York Ilidurivul Itevorda. 563 
 
 A Letter feom Cai-*. Brockholls to Govekno" Carterktt, giving him PERinssioN 
 TO USE A Meadow on Statex Island, mttuout acknowledging Cai»'. CAETERErrr s 
 
 EVENTUAL CLAIM TO IT. 
 
 Sir. August, 1(582. 
 
 I have lieard tliat you Formerly Cutt Grasse and made Hay on Statten Island butt whether 
 you have an absolute Right to the Same by Tutteut or only on Suffercnce am not Sattisfied in 
 Butt Doe nereby Grant and Confirme to you the Liberty to Cutt Grasse and make Hay as 
 formerly (the meadow not Being Appropriated or Layed out to Any Pertieuler Person^ till 
 further order and if Any Molest you in yo'' Legall Possession you know how farr the Law M.li 
 give you Sattisfac9on to which must have Recourse as Occassion I cann Serve you noe further iu 
 this Pertieuler butt Ilemaine Sir. 
 
 To'' ffriend and Servant 
 
 A. B. 
 
 A Letter from Gapt. Brockholls to the Lord Baltimore. Peace madh 
 BETWEEN Maryland and the New York Indlus's. 
 
 E' Hono"'". Xeio Yorl-e August the 1-4"^ 1082. 
 
 This Accompanyes those truly worthy Gentlemen Coll. Uenry Course]] and Coll. Philleman 
 Loyd jd' Lordships Imbassedors, who after Long Patience liave att Last accomplished A Happy 
 Issue and in this their Treaty & NegotiaQon Acted and Done as much as Possible & which I hope 
 will Prove and Continue for the Peace And Quiett of all his Ma"''^ Subjects Especially those of 
 yo'' Lordshipps Pro\'ince and Virginia in the Obteineing of which noe Service or Assistance this 
 Collony or my Selfe Could Afford them was wanting nor Ever will be on the Like or any Other 
 Occassion it should Ilappen which God Prevent and be Assured I shall never Omitt to mind the 
 Indians on their Partes to keepe and Perfornie their Promisses as often as Opportunity to Dis- 
 course them and to Endeavour the Good of all in Generall, I write noe Perticulers bv Reason 
 those Gentlemen are soe Capeable fully to Informe yo Lordshipp Butt beg yo' Excuse if the 
 Present Condi(;on of the Governra' hath not Capasitated me to serve you as Willing none being 
 more Ready then my Selie on all Occassions Fully to Demonstrate that I am 
 Yo'' Lordshipps most humble Servant 
 
 A. I'UOCKHOLLS. 
 
 A Letter From Capt. Brockholls to the Lord BALTraoEE. 
 
 R' non*'" iV't'Wj Yorlce, Sept. 21"' 1GS2. 
 
 Since the Departure of Coll. Coursey and Coll. Llmjd by whom was my Last to your Lord- 
 ship have Received Informa(;on from Coll. Coursey that some of our Indians have taken severall 
 your Friend Indians Prisioners and will Carry them Away and have done some hurte to the 
 Christians which am Extreamly troubled att butt being gone before Late Peace made cannot be 
 Imputed to a breach thereof however that I might in noe wise be negligent or wanting to Serve 
 your Lordship or Province (though Could ill be Spared hence) have made a Voyage to Albany 
 on Purpose to Acquaint the Indians therewith and Endeavour their Releaseui' and speak with 
 Some of the Cheife my Selfe, Coppy of which with their answers is Enclosed who secme Like- 
 wise sorry att the acQon, and have Sent to the Rest butt as yutt noe answer and Doubt not butt to 
 
564 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson Hiver. 
 
 Gett all the Friend Indians, tliey being alive releas'd and Sattisfac9on for the Damage Done to 
 the Christians when knowne. For the Accomplishing of which nothing of Care paines or Indns- 
 tiy shall he wanting in me, and two Dayes since Returning From Albany Keceived yo'' Lordships 
 of the 18"" past Conteineing Expressions of Gratitude farr Transcending the Deserts of yom- 
 humble Servant who Cann never Sufticiently acknowledge your Hono''s Kindenesse and Favour 
 therein haveing Already Received Greater Obligacjons From your Lordship then Capable to Repay 
 and as already soe Shall Still Continue my Endeavours to Divert our Indians From Visiting your 
 Parts Espetially to Disturbe or Prejudice any of his Ma""' Subjects which I hope the Late peace 
 will be a good Step to Attaine, shall Greatly Rejoyee to see your Lordship in these parts & hope 
 when so neere nothing will Hinder or Divert but all Forward and Incourage soe good an Incly- 
 na90n though truly not in A Capacity to Receive soe noble A person as your Lordship, Cap' 
 JVicolls is not yett Arrived but Expected shortly about three Dayes Since arrived A Ship From 
 London little new's all things att home Remaineing quiet and as they were, nor Any Orders for 
 Settlem' of this Province of the Disposall of which is Various Reports I shall be AUwayes ready 
 to Serve your Lordship And Province on any Occassion and to Demonstrate that I am, 
 Right Honourable 
 
 Your Lord*ps Most Humble and Faithfull Servant, 
 
 n. Beockholls. 
 
 A Letter From Capt. BEocKnoLLS to the Magistrates and Court att Albany. 
 
 Gentlemen. New Yorl-e October 25'" 1682 
 
 The Messuage From the Maquas was this Day read in Councell wliich fiude very Uncer- 
 taine and Doubtfull of Complyance, of which Expect further Account Butt thereby Observe 
 That Robert Sanders Continues his Meddleing Talketive humor Concerning himselfe with Indians 
 In matter of Publique Imports to the Prejiidice and hurte of the Governm' as well as perticuler 
 Persons of w"*" Severall Complaints haveing heen formerly made and now Committed the like 
 offence, I would have you fully to Examine and be Sattisfied therein and as he shall appeare faulty 
 that he be Censured therefore hy fine or otherwise as you shall thinke fitt that thereby if possi- 
 ble his Tongue may be Confined to his perticuler Concernes if any thing further from the Indians 
 Lett me be Speedyly Informed thereof and presse what you Cann, the Releasem' of the Indian 
 Captives. I am, 
 
 Your Affectionate ffriend A : B. 
 
 Endorsed. 
 
 Since the writeing of this have Received the Messuage from the Maquas of the 20"» Instant 
 w"^*" is Something in Complyance with our Desires and perceive the Rest are not Deteined but stay 
 on their owne acco"' of which Shall Acquaint my Lord Baltimore and Expect an Account of 
 their Meeting att Tionondoge as Soone as possible. 
 
 A Letter From Capt. Beockholls to the Magistrates & Court att Esopus. 
 
 Gentlemen. New Yorlce October 25'" 1682 
 
 I have hy the Advice of the Councell Pursuant to his Roy" High* order Continued the 
 Present Magistrates and Justices in the Exercises of their Severall Functions till further Orders 
 
Neio York Historical Rcconh. 565 
 
 And to Supply tlio Vacancy by the Death of Capt. Thomas De Lavall have Inclosed A Commis- 
 sion to Capt. Thomas Chambers to Act as Justice of the peace Accordingly ; your Designe of 
 Building A Prison and Court House is well Approved of and the Charges must be borne and 
 Defrayed by all the Inhabitants in the Severall Townes ProporQonably to be Collected in the 
 best manner as usuall, I have Lately had an Account of Towne Troubles Occassiouod by Leivis 
 Debois att the Last Court of Sessions and y' the Same was putt of on his Account which and the 
 Former Complaintes of his ill Cai'riage hath made me Eesolve to Eemove him Therefore by the 
 first Opportunity send me the names of two fitt persons Inhabiting neere him to be putt in Com- 
 mission of the peace which shall be Sent before winter, all well here and hope will Continue soe 
 with you. I am Gentlemen, 
 
 Your Affectionate ffriend 
 November the 13th : 1CS2: A. BROCKnoLLs. 
 
 A Commission was Gi-anted to Abraham UaesIjrocJce to be Justice of the Peace For Asojms. 
 
 A LicTTEE Fkom Cai't. Bkockholls to the Lord Baltimore. 
 
 E' Hono"'" Jfeio Torke October Stj"- 1682. 
 
 I have at Length obteined Some Effectuall Issue of our Endeavours for Eeleascm of the 
 Indian Captives 1-i thereof being Eeleased. Accordingly as the rest may and I beleeve are att 
 their Liberty either to Eeturne home or stay with the Northerne Indians, Butt am Certainly In- 
 formed that Some Doe Deny to Eeturne to their Country haveing A more Plentiful! one and 
 better Provission where they are. Those willing to Eetm-ne Judge will Goe over Land else 
 Should have taken Care to Transporte them by Water and Shall Continue Indeavours that none 
 be forceably Stayed but all att Liberty to Goe to their Country or stay as they thinke fitt. An 
 Opjiortunity presenting by the Bearer M' Edioard Antill bound for your Province, Could not 
 Omitt to Acquaint your Lordship of the above and of my Continued Endeavours to Serve you 
 and Province for which as Oecassion need no other Prompter then your Lordships Commands, 
 have nothing of news to Imparte, butt to begg your Lordships Acceptance of my humble Service 
 with full Assurance that I am, 
 
 E' Honourable, 
 
 Your Lordships most humble and faithfull servant, 
 
 A. Brockholls. 
 
 A Letter From Capt. Brockholls to the Lord Baltimore. 
 
 R' Honourable. New Torke November 17'", 1082. 
 
 This Accompanyes 14 of your Indians willing to Eeturne this winter the Eest att Liberty 
 butt the Cold weather soe neere Approaching Likeing the Provission and Entertainem' to the 
 Northward are not willing to Eeturne till Spring, therein have fully Accomplished your Lord- 
 ships Desire and my Earnest Endeavours though not -scithout Some Difficulty, which Eesolved to 
 wade through to Serve your Lordships as Shall in any thing Else for the Good of the Province 
 and his MaJ'™ Subjects in Generall hopeing you will Still beleeve that I am, 
 E' Honourable, 
 
 Your Lordships most humble Serv' A. B. 
 
56(5 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Contract to sell land on the East sroE of Hudson's River near Magdalen Island. 
 (Fort Orange Records, Vol. Notarial Papers 1677-1695.) 
 
 This day, the S"* of January 1682-3 appeared before me, Adrian van Ilpendam, Notary 
 Public residing in New Albany, and before the undersigned witnesses an Esopus Indian, called 
 Capt. Ja7i Bachter, who engages himself herewith to the effect, that he will not sell the land, 
 which belongs to him with all its privileges on the East side of the river near Magdalen Island, 
 or the kils and creeks to anybody else, but to those, who have given him already earnest-money 
 upon his promise of the said land, to wit Jacob JoMsen Gardenier and Jurian Teunissen van 
 Tappen and Harman van Oansevoort, The aforesaid Indian acknowledges herewith, to have 
 already received as earnest-money half a barrel of good beer and in confirmation hereof he has 
 signed this act with his own hand in the presence of Jan van Loon and Pieter Pietersen Wog- 
 gelom as witnesses. 
 
 New Albany, date as above. 
 
 As witness and This is the mark /j") of Capt. Jan BAcnTEN, made by 
 
 Interpreters { 1^5,^^^^!^^ ^^.^^^ ^ ^^^.^jfy_ 
 
 Jan van Loon JT 
 
 Pieter Woggclom Adrian van Ilpendam, Not. Publ. 
 
 A Letter From Cap^ Bkockholls to Cap'' Chambers Justice of the peace att 
 Esopus. 
 
 Cap' Chambers. New Torl-e January W^ 1682-3. 
 
 Yours of the 28"^ Past by the Indian Post yesterday Received with the Good News of peace 
 And Quiettnesse in your Partes as here and hope will Continue, I thought Debois being putt 
 out of Commission would have Ceased Giveing you fm-ther trouble which find he Does not but 
 if Persists Troublesome Such LegaJl Course must be taken as may make him Quiett. The Sallery 
 Allowed in the Law was Long Since taken off and none payed to any in the Governm*. your Care 
 in Restoreing the Indian Child is much Commended It being Insufferable That any thing Should 
 be taken by force from the Indians much more their Children, And if the Inhabitants trust Any 
 of them it is on their owne Perill and Risque Being without Remedy for Recovery milesse will- 
 ingly payed by the Indians but in noe Case any force to be used towards them, An Ordinary 
 for Entertainm' of Strangers Judge very neccessary and if an honnest Sufficient man will under- 
 take the same may be Lycenced and Authorized as the Law Directs, have Nothing of News but 
 Dayly Exjiect our new Govern' when all things may be well Settled, In the meane time your 
 prudent Mannagem' for the Preservagon of the peace and Publique Good to be Continued I am, 
 
 S' 
 Your Affectionate firiend, 
 
 A. B. 
 
New York Historical Records. 567 
 
 Petition of Fbancois Maetinou, John Boulyn and otiteks of Staten Island ask- 
 ing TO BE EXCUSED FKOM OONTKIBUTING FOR THE SUl'l'OIiT l)F A MiNISTEK. 
 
 To the Eight hono''''" Capt. AntJioiiy Brochhoht Coniaii'' in C'biefc, :incl tlie lioiio''''" Couiicel of 
 New Yorhe, etc : 
 
 The humble Petition oi francois Ifartinou & Jno. Bou////!. inhabitants of Staten Islanil, 
 for themselves and in bchalfe of the Major Part of the Inhabitants of S'' Island. 
 
 Most humbly Shew & Coiuplaine, That at the last Court of Sessions held at Gravcsend, 
 yo' petion", when oi-dered to Contribute towards the Maintaniance of a Certaine person called 
 Joanes Morgan a. ^ret&xAed. minister in ord" but by reason of liis 111 life &, Conversation, is much 
 doubted of by y"' pet", w'^'' s'' order of the Court of Sessions was obtained by the meanes of Jus- 
 tice Stilwel without any Summons given to the petit" but oidy uppon the Misinformation of the 
 s'* Stilwel alledging that the Major part of the Inhabitants had consented thereunto, w'"" y"' petit" 
 are reddy to make appeare is a great falsehood, for soe it is that the Major part of the s'' Inhabit- 
 ants although several times attempted by the s"" Stilwel and some few others to dispose the petit" 
 thereunto, yet the petit" have alwayes refused, and still do refuse, to give any consent to tlie 
 ciilling or inaintainance of the s'' Joanes ; And yo' petit" are further Informed that the s"" Stilwel 
 is Empowered to make the taxo for the same at his discretion ; and are threatened by the Constable 
 Thomas Walton for to straine uppon yo' pet" Estates for the same. 
 
 "Wherefore y""' pet", do humbly Implore to yo"^ bono''* humbly requesting that a Stopp may 
 be made to the Illeagell proceedings of the s'^ Stilwel ,• and that y'' bono" will please to graunt 
 the pef", with the s^ Stilwel a hearing of the' whole matter, or otherwise that the same may be 
 remitted by way of an appeale to the Court of Assizes ; where the Petit" doubt not but will be 
 releived from the oppression of s'' Stilwel, and obtaine justice & Equity, 
 
 And as in duty bound shall ever pray viz. This is the mark ^Xy niade by francois 
 2£artinou Jan boilLu 
 
 January 15"" 1082-3. 
 
 Letters fkom Justice Stillwell to Secketajjy West in eelation to the foeegoing petition. 
 
 Staten Idand January 19"' 1682-3. 
 S". — I Peceived yors of y" 15"' instant & was much Surprised when I perused y° inclosed 
 Petition, but more to see y^ confidence or i-ather y" impudence of y" Subscribers, who assume to 
 tliemselves a power w"^*" I am very confident they can no more produce, tlien they are able to jirove 
 what tliey have in the said Petition alleadged — I have discoursed w'" Severall of y° Inhabitants 
 of this Island since the receipt of yo" & have not yet found one man, that knew any thing of 
 the Petition, either English or Duteh, & if there be any others concerned in it beside y" Sub- 
 scribers they are onely some few of y'' ffrench & Walloons, As to the matter contained in y® peti- 
 tion it is all false, for M'. Morgan Jones was hired publiquely at a Towne Meeting, most of y" 
 Inhabitants being present & in particular, Francis Martina one of the Petitioners, who did then 
 & there approve of the Choice as will be most easily proved ; Soe did likewise the major part of 
 y" rest. & afterwards at another Towne Meeting the S'' M''. Morgan Jones was againe confirmed 
 it his Salary voted to bo paid him as by tlie inclosed will playiily appeare. At this Towne Meeting 
 there were present Sixty nine of the Inhabitants; the greatest appearance I ever Saw at Such a 
 
568 Colonial Settlements on the Hudwn River. 
 
 meeting on this Island, & it was carryed in favour of M^ Jones by the Major part the Sub- 
 scribers of y^ Petition being botli then there present : afterwards the s^ order was presented to 
 the Court of Sessions who confirmed the same & this is y® whole truth of the matter, I never did 
 anything of myself but by y" good likeing & by y^ approbation of the Major part of the Inhabit- 
 ants, neither did I ever heare y' M''. Jones was a person soe Scandalouse as they represent him, 
 nor doe I know any thing concerning his ordination but from his owne mouth, but I beleive hee 
 was quallified as hee ought to bee, because hee was recomended to us by S'' Edmund Andross 
 who I presume would not knowingly encourage Soe ill a man — As to what they Charge me with- 
 all about my being impowere to make a Tax for his payment according to my discretion 'tis a very 
 great untruth for I never concerned myself further therein, then by my warrant to Convene the 
 Comrs who by the Unanimouse consent of the whole Island are annually Chosen & appointed to 
 make all Rates and Taxes for the defraying publique Charges, and it was by them the Hate was 
 made & none else. The Reasons formerly opposed against M^ Jones when his time of. payment 
 drew neere, were none of those specified in the Petition : All that ever was alleadged against liim 
 was by the french & Dutch, who said hee not being of their Nation they could not Understand 
 him, & therefore were not obliged to pay an English Minister pleading the articles made w"" 
 Generall Nicolls ; & in truth those are their reasons still although in their petition they Cloake 
 it w"" other pretences, however they were allwayes out voted & everything was concluded accord- 
 ing to the opinion of the Major part as the Law directed. Thus S' I have given you the whole 
 truth of y" matter, & doe desyre that Capt. Brockholls & y° Councill may be theirewith 
 acquainted not doubting but they will take into Consideration the abuse w'='' is offered to mee, in 
 this false & Scandalous Petition, when my reputation is soe neerely Concerned, & my authority 
 brought into Contempt, for if such things as these are Countenanced, it will tend to y° destruction 
 of the peace of this Island, which I have hitherto carefully preserved & for the future will doe 
 my endeavour to continue the same whilst it is comitted to my Charge, having noe reason but to 
 hope I shall be justified in all my lawfull actings by their Authority — If my presence bee 
 needfull at N. Toi'ke upon advice given mee I shall be there, & am ready to Coufirme what I have 
 here writt by sufficient evidence in the meane time it is my humble Request to the Councell that 
 noe stop may be put to our proceedings in this businesse for M^ Jones hath beene long out of his 
 money : wants it extreamly & 'tis a greate Shame hee is not yet paid, having honestly performed 
 his part, Pray give my humble Service to Capt. Brockholls & accept the same yo''self from 
 
 Yo'' affectionate friend & humble Servt. 
 
 RiCHAED StILWELL. 
 
 M'. West. 
 
 I wrote you at large on the lO'" of this instant in answer to yo" of the IS"" but the badnesse 
 of y° weather hath not afforded an opportunity of conveyance. Since w'='' I have heard y*' y'' Peti- 
 tion''' have made it their businesse to send round y' Island to perswade y° People to deny their 
 former act & deed, concerning M"'. Jones w"" promises if they would soe doe that they should pay 
 him noething, & otherwise telling them that they muste pay a greate deale more then they really 
 ought to pay ; I am greately troubled at such proceedings & now hope y' y" Councill will consider 
 how much I am hereby affronted, & by their authority put a stop to such irregular dealings w"* 
 will be acknowledged as an obligation by S' 
 
 Yo' ffriend & Servant, 
 
 Richard Stillwell. 
 
 Statten Island Jan. 24"' 1682-3. 
 
 This for M'. West, Secretary att Nev) York. 
 
New York Hidorical Records. 569 
 
 A Ltcence to ffrancis Rumbouts and GtJLYNE Verplanke to purchase Land 
 OF THE Indians on Hudsons River, (Fishkil, Dutchess Co.) 
 
 By the Commander in Cheife. 
 WTiereas Francis Rumhouts and Gulyne Verplcmke have by tlieir Peti^on Desired Liberty 
 to purchase A Quantity of Land Lyeing on Eudsons River not yett taken up or Pui-chazed from 
 the Indians as may be A Suitable and Convenient Settlem'. For Each of them thereon to make 
 Speedy Improvem' These may Certifie that the said ffrancis Rumhouts &: Gidyne Ver Planle 
 have hereby Liberty and Lycence to purchase of the Indians A Quantity of Land on s"" River 
 Accordingly of which Survey and Retm-ne to be made According to Law. Given under my 
 hand in New Tm-ke this 28'" Day of Februaiy 1682 (1683). 
 
 A.B. 
 
 A Letter From Capt. Brockholls to Cap''. Chambers att Esopus. 
 
 New Yorl-s, Aprill G"- 1683. 
 Gentlemen. 
 
 Contests and Disorders w"" you appointed to keep & Preserve Peace and order Amongst his 
 Ma"=" Subjects and to Shew good Patterns and Examples for the Same is the unwelcomest News 
 that Cann be And I thaught not to have found Such Spiritts Soe Easoly heated with Passion or 
 by Prejudice Incensed the whole matter intimated to me by yours of the third Instant Giveing 
 noe Provoca9on for the Same, Your Duty and ofSce is to Distribute Justice Equally And Impar- 
 tially to all And that with Moderayon And meekenesse the Law being your Rule and Guide and 
 in all matters where any Perticuler Judgin' or Ojjinion is Over voted Silently to Give way and 
 Accquisse without Resentment of which hope never to heare more Complaints att this time most 
 Unseasonable when our Governour is Dayly Expected who I would have fuide us in a Good and 
 orderly Condi9on and not in Confusion I see noe Cause for the Removeall or Suspending of M^ 
 M&wntagne but as he hath been an Officer for many yeares Amongst you soe must Continue, and 
 hope he will not now be wanting in any parte of his'Duty the Constable or President of the Court 
 upon equall Division hath the Casting Vote and you might Easiely have been Sattisfied therein 
 without this Trouble which find is Occassioned more by humor than merritt. Such Fiudes are 
 of ill Consequence Rendring Authority Contemptable And Obstructing the Due Course of Justice 
 Which is not to be Denyed or Deferred to any and hope will not be Occassioned but all Truly 
 Discharge their severall Dutyes and Trusts to the Honour of God and Good of his Ma"" Subjects 
 I am 
 
 Gentlemen 
 
 Your affectionate ffriend 
 
 A. B. 
 
 To Capt. Tlwmas CKamlicrs Justice of the Peace to be Communicated to the Constable and 
 Inferior Magistrates att Esopus. 
 
 n 
 
570 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 A Lettee to Capt. Gaevis Baxter Commandee att Albany. 
 
 New TorTce A prill 6'" 1683. 
 Sir. 
 
 By Letter from the Commisarjes of the Second Instant Am Advised of A Barborous and 
 Cruell Act Committed by A Maquas Indian on a Boy att Albany and that they have Secured the 
 Indian And Sent for tlie Sachems to whom the whole matter with its Circumstances must be Re- 
 lated and the Indian kept in Safe Custody till its fully knowne whether the Boy will Recover or 
 not for as I understand he is Dangerously wounded, And by Another of the fourth Instant Am 
 Advised the Indian has Confessed the fact if the Boy Dyes notice being Given A Commission 
 will be Sent to try the Indian for the mnrther And he must be Proceeded against as the Law in 
 such Cases Directs of which the Sachems may be Likewise Acquainted And that he has noe other 
 usage therein Then if one of the Christians has Committed the like fact for murther will not be 
 hid nor the murtherer Goe Unpunisht please to Communicate the Above to the Commissaryes 
 This to your Selfe being in Answer to theirs have Orders About the Trade up the River And 
 Expect the Governour very Spedyly Capt. Nicolh Being Arrived, Glad all else well in your Parts 
 and hope will Continue, I am, Sir, your affectionate fiViend 
 
 A Letter From Cvpt. Beockholls to M". Sam'-''. Geoome att East New Jeeset. 
 
 M^ Sam^K Groome. New Yorke Aprill 7'" 1083. 
 
 S^ 
 
 This Day had Perusall of A Letter from yon dated the 29"" past Directed to one Stennitts 
 A Tennant on his Roy" High" Farme and Planta^on att Hasemus there in Requiring him to 
 Come and Even Accounts And agree with you about the Rent for the Same in which matter I 
 thaught none would have meddled bub mj Selfe he not being Accountable for the Same to any 
 butt his Roy" High' or Deputy of whom he holds and Possesses the said farme and Soe hath Done 
 and Payed Rent to him and his use only ever since the Settling or this iiud the Province of New 
 Jersey under his Ma"'' if you or any one have to Demand from the said farme my Selfe in be- 
 halfe of his Roy" High* the Chiefe own'' and Proprietor must and will Answer the same it not 
 being the Buisnesse or in the Power of the under Tennem' to make Any Termes or Agrement, 
 And that Right & Possession which the Authority of East new Jersey for Soe many yeares past 
 have Allowed and Admitted his Roy" High" to hold and Enjoye I thaught you would noe wayes 
 Endeavour to Distroye but Rather Couutinance and Encourage And therefore wonder att this 
 your Proceeding therein And hereby Lett you know that I must & will maintaine and Assert his 
 Roy" High" Interest and Right in the Said farme to the Utmost and maintaine his Tennant in 
 the Quiett Possession there of with whom you are not to Expect any Account or Agreem' to be 
 made but what Ever your Pretences or Desires are therein Lett be Communicated to me that his 
 Roy" High" may be made Acqaiuted therewith And you Shall have all friendly and Neighbourly 
 Sattisfa^ou from 
 
 S^ 
 Your Affectionate ffriend 
 
 A. B. 
 
Nev) York Historical JRecords. 571 
 
 QurrcLAiM for land and a fall called Pooghkepesinoh, givex by an Indian. 
 (Fort Orange Records, Vol. Notarial Papers 1G77-1695.) 
 
 This fifth day of May 1683 appeared before me, Adria7i van Hjycndam, Xotary Public in 
 New Albany, and the undersigned witnesses a Highlnnd Indian, called Massanij, who declares 
 herewith that he has given as a free gift a bouwery to Pieter Lansingh and a bouwery to Jan 
 Smeedes, a young glazier, also a waterfall near the bank of the river, to build a mill thereon. 
 The waterfall is called Pooghkepesivgh and the land Minnissingh, situate on the Eastside of the 
 river. He acknowledges this gift herewith in presence of their Honors the Commissaries Cor- 
 nells van Dyh and Birch Wesselsen Ten Broek, who themselves have heard two Indians testify, 
 one called Speck and the other Vechpaidmo, that the aforesaid Massamj had surrendered the afore 
 said land to the said Pieter Lansingh and Jan Smeedes, without retaining for him or for his 
 descendents the right to claim hereafter even a stuyver's worth from them ; also that the said 
 Indian Massany is the lawful owner and inheritor of the said land. 
 
 The foregoing has been interpreted in the presence of their said Honors, the Commissaries, 
 by the wife of Jurian Teunissen and the aforesaid Indian has signed it with his own hand at 
 New Albany, on the date as above. 
 
 As witnesses This is the mark [^ made by 
 
 Cornelis van Pyk Mass^uw / ^ himself, 
 
 Dirck Wesselsen M'hich I certify 
 
 Adrian van Ili'endam Not. Public. 
 
 A Letter From Catt. Brockholls to Capt. Chambers att Esopus. 
 
 S^ Ncio Yorke June SO'" 1683 
 
 Have Received yours of the 25"' Instant and Enquired Into the Diiierence between Ilurly 
 and Pauling which find Occasioned by a Grant given by tlie Governour to said Pauling for 
 twenty Acres of meadow or thereabouts neere there towne which you are ordered to Lay out and 
 if the towne have any Perticuler Clayme or Property in the same Prior to the said Grant they 
 Aught to have a faire tryall therefore in your Courts of Sessions p'' Jury and then if Either 
 Party Disatisfied with the Judgm* may make their Applyca9on to the Governour and Court of 
 Assizes by appeale which is the only proper method for Determineing all Controversies, Tou 
 Should Likewise take Care that none Purchaze Land of the Indians without Lycense first Obteined 
 as the Law Directs the Remissenesse in the observance thereof haveing made Contest between 
 John Ward, Cornelis Swits and Andries de Witt who as am Informed without any Lycence 
 have purchased of the Indians a Piece of Land called Cucksink which was Perticulerly granted 
 to John Ward to purchase the Right whereof thinko not fitt att Present to Determine butt Leave 
 till the Governors Arrivall, only in the meane time building an<l Improvem' thereon by any may 
 be stayed till the Right and Property therein be fully kiiowne and Desided and the trouble of 
 many Orders Especially Contradictive which rather Enlarge then Lessen the Difference Presented. 
 I am, ^ 
 
 Your Affectionate Prieud A : B : 
 
572 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 Absteacts of Indian Deeds. 
 (Fort Orange Records, Vol. Not. Papers, 1677-1695.) 
 Land at Niskayuna. 
 Shocle, Sachem of tne first Mohawh Castle, Sa^oddioquisax, Sachem the second Castle and 
 Todorasse, in place of his grandfather the late Caniachhoo, sell in presence of the other Mohawh 
 Sachems to Jan Mangelse, a piece of woodland near Canastagione on the other side of the river, 
 stretching up the river from the upper end of the land of Eyk Claesen van BokKooven at a tree 
 marked witli the mark of Harmen Tedder and Barent Ryndertsen and running along the river 
 over a Idl, called by the Indians OtsTcondaraogoo, included in the sale, to a large oak tree, marked 
 by the Indians' and Jan Mangelse's mark and stretching into the woods, as far as Jan Mangelse 
 or his heirs shall have occasion to use it. Albany, March 4"^, 1682. 
 
 Land at CatskU. 
 Wannachquatin, an old Esopus Indian, MaM,anauchqua and her son Cunpaewn, Usaman- 
 neen alias Squinting Jacob and other Esopus Indians sell to William Loveridge sen' hatter, their 
 wood land reaching from the mouth of the kil, where the house of WUliam Loveridge now stands 
 southwards along the North or Hudson^s River to beyond one half of the great bend, where the 
 trees are marked W and from the Eiver "Westwards to a fall up KaetersTcil called Quatawiohnaak 
 and then along the East side of the Kaeterskil, where it empties into the Catskil and then along 
 the Catskil to the house of W™'. Loveridge and to the North river, with all the kils, creeks, flats 
 etc except a field bought by TT™. Loveridge from Ja7i Conell. Albany, July 19, 1682. 
 
 Land in Putnam County. 
 Bond and Mortgage given by an Indian of the Lllghland, Tapieas, for a debt, to L/iwrence 
 van Ale and Gerrit Lansing, secured by his land situate upon Httdson^s River, on the Eastside, 
 nearly opposite to the Danskamer, it being a flat on the Westside of a Kil called Wynachkee, 
 beginning at the second fall, where Aernotit Gornelissei^s land ends. 
 
 Land on Roelofi Jansens Kil (Livingston Manor, Columbia County.) 
 Tlie Mahicander Indians, owners of the land on Roelof JanserCs Kil east of Hudson^s 
 River, a little below the Catskil viz : Ottonowaw, Tataemsheet, Maneetpoo and two squaws 
 Tamaranachquae and Wawanetsawaw, also AuxJiys, Newameen, & Maquoame as representatives 
 of Mamaranechtak, absent at the Esopus, Takanitto, Tamaranachquae s son, Attoquasso^oaa 
 her brother, representing Kachkanawaw and Sausquas declare in the presence of several members 
 of their tribe, that they have sold and conveyed to Robert Livingston all their laud on Roehff 
 Jansen's Kil, situate on both side of the Kil which the Indians call Sankhenak and consisting of 
 three flats and several small flats, together with the woodland kils, creeks and all their rights and 
 privileges, the land running along the Eiver Northward from Roelof Jansens Kil to a small kil 
 opposite the Catskil, called Wachanckassik, and Southward down the River to a place opposite to 
 Sagertyes Kil, called by the Indians Saaskahampka and further Eastward through the woods to a 
 copse, called by the Indians Mahaskakook. Albany, July 12"' and IS"" 1683. 
 
 For Saratoga. 
 
 The Mohawk Sachems of the first and second Castles, Roode, Saggodiochquisak, Aihagari 
 
 and Taiskanoxmda, representing their tribe, then present declare to have sold and conveyed to 
 
 Cornelis van Dyk, Jan Jansen Sleeker, Peter Philippsen Schuyler and Johannes Wendel, a tract 
 
 of land called Sarachtogoe or by the Maquas Ochseratonque or Ochsechrage and by the Mahi- 
 
New Yorh Ilistorieal Records. 573 
 
 canders Amissohaendiek, situate to the North of Albany, beginning at the utmost limits of tlie 
 land bought from the Indians by Goose Gerritse and Fhilijyj} I^ieterse Schuyler deceased, there 
 being a kil called Tioneeiulehouwe, and reaching Northwards on both sides of the River to the 
 end of the lands of Sarcwhtoge, bordering on a kil on the Eastside of the River called Dionoen- 
 dogeha and having the same length on the Westside to opposite the kil, reaching Westwards 
 through the woods, as far as the Indian proprietors will show and the same distance through the 
 woods to the East. They surrender all the land, kils, creeks, woodland etc except liberty to bunt 
 and fish. 
 
 Albany, July 26, 1683. 
 
 Under the same date, as the foregoing deed, the Ilahicander Indians renounce their claims 
 upon the fore described lands, which they might have upon it, " because in olden times the laud 
 belonged to them, before the Maquaes took it from them." 
 
 Deed of gift to Aenold Viele bt Mohawk Sachems. 
 
 Before the Commissaries' Court for Albany, Colony Rcnselaerswyck etc. appeared the fol- 
 lowing Maquaes Sachems, representing all the three tribes of the Maquaes, owners of a certain 
 piece of land, lyeing above Schinnechtady on the Northside of the river, covering about 16 to 17 
 morgens, over against the flat, where Jacobus Peek lives, called by the Maquaes Wachkeeshoka, 
 which flat the Maquaes herewith cede, transfer and convey to and for the benefit oi Aernout 
 Cornclise Viele, Interpreter, in consideration of his having great trouble every day with travelling 
 to their land, to the Sinnekus and to the North and in his other duties among the Savages. The 
 transfer is made by them in their quality of lawful owners and proprietors of the aforesaid land 
 and they convey it to Aernout Gm"neUse, his heirs and successors, free and unencumbered, 
 without burden or tax, giving him, Aernout Cornelise, his heirs and successors full power and 
 authority etc. 
 
 Interpreted by Akus Cor'nelise at the Courthouse in Albany, Sept. 26, 1083. 
 Dirck Wesselsen 
 
 Jan Jansen Bleecker . The mark y/ Y" of Tioskanoenda 
 
 the Turtle 
 
 of OWEAPACHANE 
 
 the J ^ Interpreter \V> the Bear 
 
 /^ of Akus The mark ^U 
 
 J^ Interpreter vA^ 
 
 The mark "^nJV "* Tahaiauorie 
 VC-^ the- 
 
 Wolf. 
 
574 
 
 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 1683. 
 
 Acco'' OF WHAT Estate the Inhabitants of Webtchester have given in to be 
 Rated this yeaee. 
 
 i i 
 
 Gahriell Leggatt 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 07 
 
 10 
 
 Thomas Hunt .Inn' 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 Tho„„tx \\rUlams 
 
 6 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 ^S^Wl.nu CoU.trd 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Jo><i'ph Iladly 
 Josiah Hunt 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 Thomas Farrington 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 John Forgason 8en'' 
 
 6 
 
 60 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 William Richardson & his man 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 John Crumwell Seu' 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 John Runt 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 Widdow Oakly 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 0. 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 John BucMnj 
 
 5 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Edward Waters & his man 
 
 12 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 Thomas Vaile Sen' 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 Samuell Vaile 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Richard Ponton 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 ;; 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 Joseph Hunt 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 Derrick Garretson 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 Edward Hornet 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 Robert Mailing 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 John Ferris & his Son 
 
 30 
 
 60 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 Y 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Itolert Huestis 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 John Nelson 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 James Miller 
 
 2i 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 Thomas Fritchet 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 Thomas MidUnex & his Son 
 
 14 
 
 24 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 7 
 
 Nicholas Bayhj 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 John Turner 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Samuell Palmar 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 Thomas Baxter 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 Joseph Palmer 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 John Forgason Jun' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 John Quenhy Sen'' 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 John Quenhy Jun' 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 Edward Huhhert 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 John Winter 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 Isaac Dyckerman 
 
 G 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 Henry Gardner 
 Mattheio Barnes 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 Joseph Taylor 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 Thomas Hunt Sen' 
 
 20 
 
 40 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 4 
 
 Nathan Binjly 
 
 6 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 John Pidiii, r k liis man 
 
 20 
 
 16 
 
 2 
 
 .') 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 Rirhiint (>.Kl,,irne & his man 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 Matthew Pugshy 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 John Jennings 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Snm totail 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 17 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 Tlie Estimations of Westchester ffor y^ yearc 1683. 
 
Neio York Historical Records. 575 
 
 An Act to divide the Province and Dependencyes into Siiikes and Countyes 
 Passed November 1"' 1683. 
 (Dongan's Laws.) 
 
 Haveing taken into ConsideraQon the necessity of divideing the Province into respective 
 Countyes for the better governing and setling Courts in the same, Bee It Enacted by the Gov- 
 ernour Councell and Representatives and by the authority of the same That the said Province bee 
 divided into twelve Countyes as foUoweth : 
 
 The Citty and County of New Yorke to containe all the Island Comonly called Manhattcms 
 Island Mannings Island and the two Barne Islands, the Citty to be called as it is New Yorke 
 and the Islands above specifyed the County thereof. 
 
 The County of West Chester to containe West and East Chester, Bronx Land, ffordham, 
 Anne Hooks Neck, Bichlells, Minfords Island and all the Land on the Maine to the Eastward 
 of Manhattans Islamd As farr as the Government Extends and the Yonckers Land and North- 
 wards along Hudsons River as farr as the Highlands. 
 
 The County of Ulster to containe the Townes of Kingston, Hurley and MarUeTowne, ffox 
 Hall and the New Paltz and all the villages neighbourhoods and Christian IIabita9ons on the "West 
 Side of Hudsons River from the Murderers Creeke neare the Highlands to the Sawyers Creeke. 
 
 The County of Albany to containe the Towns of Albany, the Collony of Benslaerswyck, 
 Schonecteda, and all the villages, neighbourhoods and Christian Plantacjons on the East Side of 
 H^idsons River from Boelof Jansens Creeke and on the west Side from Saioyers Creeke to the 
 Sarraghtoga. 
 
 The Hntehesses County to be from the bounds of the County of Westchester on the South 
 Side of the Highlands along the Eastside of Hudsons River as farr as Boelof Jansens Creeke 
 and Eastward into the woods twenty miles. 
 
 The County of Orange to begin from the Limitts or bounds of Fast and West Jersey on the 
 West Side of Hudso-ns River along the said River to the Murderers Creeke or bounds of the 
 County of Ulster and "Westward into the "Woods as farr as Delaware River. 
 
 The County of Richmond to containe all Staten Island, Shutters Island and the Islands of 
 meadow on the "Westside thereof. 
 
 Kings County to conteyne the Severall Townes of Boshwyck, Bedford, Breuklin, fflatthush, 
 fflattlands, Nexo Utrecht and Gravesend with the severall Settlements and Planta9ons adjacent. 
 
 QuEENES County to Conteine the Severall Townes of New Towne, Jamaica, fflushing, 
 Eempsteed and Oyster hay with the Severall Outfarmes, Settlements and Plantacjons adjacent. 
 
 The County of Suffolke to Conteine the Severall Townes of Huntin<jioiK Smithfeild, Brooke, 
 ha/oen, Southampton, Southold, East Hampton to Montaxik Point, ShJirr Ishmd, the Isle of 
 Wight, ffishers Island, and Plumh Island with the Severall Outfarmes Settlements and Planta- 
 9on8 adjacent. 
 
 Dukes County to Conteine the Islands of Nantuckett, Martins Vineyard, Elizaleth Island 
 and Noe Mans Land. 
 
 The County of Cornwall to Conteine Pemaquid and all his Koyall Highnesses Territoryes 
 in those parts with the Islands adjacent. 
 
 And for as much as there is a necessity for a High Sheriffe in Every County in this Province 
 Bee It therefore Enacted by the Governour Councell and Representatives in Generall Assembly 
 mett and by the authority of the same, That there shall be yearly and Every yeare an High 
 Sherriffe Constituted and Commissionated for Each County And that Each Sherriffe may have 
 his under Sherriffe Deputy or I>e])utyes. 
 
APPENDIX A. 
 
 EXTEAOTS FROM THE JSTaEEATIVE OF THE GaPTIVXTY OF FatHER IsAAC JoOUES, OF 
 
 THE Society of Jesus, among the Mohawks, in 1G42 and 1643, with notes 
 BY John Gilmaey Shea. 
 
 (Reprinted from "Collections of Uic N. Y. Hist. Society, Second Series.") 
 
 Reverend Father in Christ, 
 
 The Peace of Christ : 
 
 Wishing to write to your Reverence, I at first liesitatcd in what langnage to do so, for after 
 so long a disuse, ahnost equally forgetful of both, T found equal ditHculty in cither. Two reasons, 
 however, induced me to write in the less common idiom.* I shall be better enabled to employ the 
 words of Holy Scripture which have at all times been my greatest consolation, " amid the tribula- 
 tions which have found us exceedingly," (Ps. xl v. 2 ;) I also wished this letter less easily understood. 
 
 The exceeding charity of your Reverence, which in other days overlooked my manifold trans- 
 gressions, will excuse me if, after eight years' intercourse and residence with savages, nay, a savage 
 now in form and dress myself, aught be here wanting in correctness or decorum. I fear still more, 
 that, rude in language, I may be more so in knowledge, " noi' know the time of my visitation," 
 (Luke xix. 44,) nor remember the character imposed on me by God, of preacher of his Gospel, 
 Jesuit and Priest. This induced me to write to you, that if this letter should ever reach your 
 hands, I may, though living here in this hard land amid Iroquois and Maaqiias, be helped by your 
 masses and the prayers of your whole province. This aid, I trust, will be more earnestly given, 
 when from a perusal of this letter you shall have seen both how much I am indebted to the Al- 
 mighty, and in what need I am of the prayers of the ))ious, in which, I am aware, I have a pow- 
 erful shield. 
 
 We sailed from the Hurons on the 13th of June, 1G42, in four small boats, here called canoes ; 
 we were twenty-three in all, five of us being French.\ The line of travel is in itself most difiicult 
 for many reasons, and especially because in no less than forty places both canoes and baggage must 
 be carried by land on the shoulders. It was, moreover, now full of dangers, from fear of the enemy, 
 who every year, by lying in wait on the i-oads to the French settlements, carry off many as prison- 
 ers ; in fact, Father John de B?-eI)eu/ had been all but taken the year before. Besides this, they 
 not long previous had carried off two Frenchmen, but afterwards brought them back to their 
 countrymen unharmed, demanding peace on most unjust terms, and then conducted themselves in 
 a very hostile manner, so that they were driven off by our cannons. On this they declared, that 
 if they took another Frenchman prisoner, they would torture him cruelly, like their other captives, 
 and then bui-n him alive at the stake. 
 
 * The letter is written in Latin. 
 
 t The place from -which they departed was the Mission-liouse of St. Mary's, on a little river now called the 
 Wye. Traces still exist to mark the site of this cradle of European colonization in Upper Canada. It was at 
 first at some distance from any Huron town, but some years after this date, on the ruiu of the frontier towns, 
 a village was grouped around it. 
 73 
 
578 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 The Superior, conscious of tlio dangers to wliicli I was exposed on this journey, (one, how- 
 ever, absolutely necessary for God's glory,) assigned the task to me in such a way as to leave me 
 at liberty to decline it if I chose. "I did not," however, "resist, I did not go back," (Isaias 1.,) 
 but willingly and cheerfully accepted this mission imposed upon me by obedience and charity. 
 Had I declined it, it would have fallen to another, far more worthy than myself. 
 
 Having therefore loosed from St. Mary's of tlie Hurons, amid ever-varying fears of the 
 enemy, dangers of every kind, losses by land and water, we at last, on the thirtieth day after our 
 departure, reached in safety the Conception of the Blessed Yirgin. This is a Fr'ench settlement 
 or colony, called Three Rivers, from a most charming stream which just there empties by three 
 mouths into the great River St. Lawrence. We returned hearty thanks to God, and remained 
 here and at Quebec about two weeks. 
 
 Having transacted the business which had bi-ought us down, we celebrated the feast of our 
 holy father, Ignatius ; and on the second of August were once more on our way for Huronia. 
 The second day after our departure had just dawned when, by the early light, some of our party 
 discovered fresh foot-prints ou the shore. While some were maintaining that they were the trail 
 of a hostile, others that of a friendly partj^, Eustace Akatsistari, to whom for his gallant feats of 
 arms all yielded the first rank, exclaimed, " Brothers ! be they the bravest of the foe, for such I 
 judge them by their trail, they are not more than three canoes, and we number enough not to 
 dread such a handful of the enemy." We were, in fact, forty, for some others had joined us. 
 
 We consequently urged on our way, but had scarcely advanced a mile when we fell into an 
 ambush of the enemy, who lay in two divisions on the opposite banks of the river, to the number 
 of seventy in twelve canoes. As soon as we reached the spot where they lay in ambush, lurking 
 in the reeds and tall grass, they poured in a volley of musketry, for they were well supplied with 
 arms, riddling our canoes, but killing none: one Huron only was shot through the hand. At the 
 first report of the fire-arms, the Hurons, almost to a man, abandoned tiie canoes, which, to avoid the 
 more i-apid current of the centre of the river, were advancing close by the bank, and, in headlong 
 flight, plunged into the thickest of the woods. We, the four Frenchmen, thus left with a few 
 either already Christians, or at least Catechumens, offering Tip a prayer to Christ, faced the enemy. 
 We were, however, outimmbered, being scarcely twelve or fourteen against thirty ; yet we fought 
 on till our comrades, seeing fresh canoes shoot out from the opposite bank of the river, lost heart 
 and fied. Then a Frenchman named Rene Goupil, who was fighting with the bravest, was taken, 
 together with some of the Hurons. When I saw this, T neither could nor cared to fly. Whither, 
 indeed, could I escape, barefooted as I was ?* Conceal myself amid the reeds and tall grass I could 
 indeed, and thus, perhaps, escape ; but could I leave a countryman and the unchristened Hurons 
 already taken, or soon to bo ? As the enemy, in hot pursuit of the fugitives, had passed on, leaving 
 me standing on the battle-fleld, I called out to one of those who had remained to guard the prison- 
 ers, and bade him place me beside his French captive, that as I had been his companion on the 
 way, so would I be in his dangers and death. Scarce crediting what he heard, and fearful for him- 
 self, he advanced and led me to the other prisoners. 
 
 " Dearest brother," I then exclaimed, " wonderfully hath God dealt with us ; ' but he is the 
 Lord, let him do what is good in his sight,' (1 Kings, iii. 18 ;) as it hath pleased him, so hath it 
 come to pass, blessed be his name." Then, hearing his confession, I gave him absolution. I now 
 turned to the Huron prisoners, and instructing tliera one by one, baptized them. As new prison- 
 ers were constantly taken in their flight, ray labor was constantly renewed. At length, Eustace 
 
 * To keep their canoes free from sand and f^ravcl, the Indians required all to enter them barefoot. Few 
 even of the missionaries were exempted from this rule. 
 
JVew York Historical Records. 579 
 
 Ahasistm-i, that famous Christian chief, was brought iu : wiieii he saw me, he exclaimed 
 " Solemnly, indeed, did I swear, brothei-, that I would live or die by thee." What answer I made 
 I know not, so much had grief overcome me. Last of all, William Couture was dragged in : he, 
 too, had set out from Euronia with me. When he saw all routed, he had, with the rest, taken to 
 the woods, and being a young man, as gifted in body as in mind, had by his agility left the enemy 
 far behind ; but when he looked around and could see nothing of me,—'- Shall I," said he to him- 
 self, "abandon my dear Father a prisoner in the hands of the savages, and fly without him ?— not 
 I." Then, returning by the path which he had taken in flight, he gave himself up to the enemy. 
 Would that he had fled, nor swelled our mournful band ! — for, in such a case, it is no comfort to 
 have companions, especially those whoni you love as yourself. Yet such are the souls who, though 
 but laymen, serve God and the society among the ITurons, Avith no views of earthly reward.* It 
 is painful to think even of all his terrible sufferings. Their hate was enkindled against all the 
 French, but especially against him, as they knew that one of their bi'avest had fallen by his hand 
 in the fight. lie was accordingly first stripped naked, all his nails torn out, his very fingers 
 gnawed, and a broad sword driven through his right hand. Mindful of the wounds of our Lord 
 Jesus Christ this pain, though most acute, he bore, as he afterwards told me, with great joy. 
 
 When I beheld him thus bound and naked, I could not contain myself, but, leaving my keep- 
 ers, rushed through the midst of the savages who had brought him, embraced him most tenderly ; 
 exhorted him to ofller all this to God for himself, and those at whose hands he suftered. They at 
 first looked on, in Avonder, at my proceeding ; then, as if recollecting themselves, and gathering 
 all their rage, they fell upon me, and with their fists, thongs and clubs beat me till I fell sense- 
 less. Two of them then dragged me back to whei-e I had been before ; and scar'cely had I begun 
 to breathe, when some others, attacking me, tore out, by biting, almost all my nails, and crunched 
 my two fore-fingers with their teeth, giving me intense pain. The same was done to Rene Goiipil, 
 the Huron captives being left untouched. 
 
 When all had come in from the pursuit, in which two Ilurons were killed, they carried us 
 across the river, and there shared the plunder of the twelve canoes (for eight had joined us). This 
 was very great ; for, independent of what each Frenchman had with him, we had twenty packages, 
 containing Church plate and vestments, books and other articles of the kind — a rich cargo, indeed, 
 considering the poverty of our Huron mission. While they were dividing the plunder, I com- 
 pleted the instruction of such as were unchristened and baptized them. Among the rest, was one 
 sere octogenarian warrior, who, when ordered to enter the canoe to be borne off with the rest, ex- 
 claimed, " What ! shall I, a hoary old man, go to a strange and foreign land? Never ! here will 
 I die," and there he died, tbr absolutely refusing to go they slew him on the very spot, where he 
 had just been baptized. 
 
 liaising then a joyful shout, which made the forest ring, " as conquerors who rejoice after 
 taking a prey," [Isaiah ix. 3,] they bore us off, as captives towards their own land. We were 
 twenty-two, three had been killed. By the favor of God our suffei-ings on that march, which 
 lasted thirteen days, were indeed great ; hunger and heat and menaces, the savage fury of the 
 Indians, the intense pain of our untended and now putrifying wounds, which actually swarmed 
 with worms. No trial, however, came harder upon me than to see them five or six days after 
 
 * Gou])il and Coiituro were what urc called in the old Freiieh writers, Donne.s, tliat is men given: they were 
 not religious of the order to which they attached themselves, l)ut laymen, who, from motives of zeal, gave them- 
 selves to the missionaries, to be employed as they saw fit. There probably never was a set of more humble and 
 heroic men than the Donnes of the early Catholic missions. 
 
580 Colonial Settlements on the Hiuhon River. 
 
 approach us jaded with the march, and, in cold blood, with minds in nowise excited by passion, 
 pluck out our hair and beard and drive their nails, which are always very sharp, deep into parts 
 most tender and sensitive to the slightest impression. But this was outward ; my internal suffer- 
 ings affected me still more, when I beheld that funeral procession of doomed Christians pass be- 
 fore my eyes, among them five old converts, the main pillai-s of the infant linron Cliurch. 
 Indeed I ingenuously admit that I was again and again unable to withhold my tears, mourning 
 over their lot and that of my other companions, and full of anxious solicitude for the future. For 
 I beheld the way to the Christian faith closed by these Iroquois on the Ilurons and countless 
 other nations, unless they were checked by some seasonable dispensation of Divine Providence. 
 
 On the eighth day we fell in with a troop of 200 ludians going out to fight ; and as it is the 
 custom for savages when out on war parties to initiate themselves, as it were, by cruelty, under 
 the belief that their success will be greater as they shall have been more cruel, they thus received 
 us. First rendering thanks to the Sun, which they imagine presides over war, they congratulated 
 their countrymen by a joyful volley of musketry. Each then cut some stout clubs in the neigh- 
 boring wood in order to receive us. After we had landed from the canoes they fell upon us from 
 both sides with their clnbs in such fury, that I, who was the last and therefore most exposed to 
 their blows, sank overcome by their number and severity, before I had accomplished half the 
 rocky way that led to the hill on which a stage had been erected for us. I thought I should soon 
 die there ; and so, partly because I could not, partly because I cared not, I did not arise. How 
 long they spent their fury on me He knows, for whose love and sake it is delightful aud glo- 
 rious thus to suffer. Moved at length by a cruel mercy, and wishing to carry me to their country 
 alive, they ceased to strike. And thus half dead and drenched in blood, they bore me to the scaf- 
 fold. Here I had scarce begun to breathe when they ordered me to come down to load me with 
 scoffs and insults, and countless blows on my head and shoulders, and indeed on my whole body. 
 I should be tedious were I to attempt to tell all that the French prisoners suffered. They burnt 
 one of my fingers, and crnnchcd another with their teeth ; others already thus mangled they so 
 wrenched by the tattered nerves, that even now, though healed, they are frightfully deformed. 
 Nor indeed was the lot of my fellow sufferers much better. * » * 
 
 My sufferings were great in themselves, heightened by the sight of what a like crnclty had 
 wreaked on the Christian Ilurons, fiercer than all in the case of Eustace ; for they had cut off 
 both his thumbs, and through the stump of the left one they, with savage cruelty, drove a pointed 
 stake up to his very elbow. This frightful pain he bore most nobly and piously. 
 
 The following day we fell in with some other war canoes, who cut off some of our compan- 
 ions' fingers to our great dread. 
 
 On the tenth day about noon, we left our canoes, and performed on foot the rest of the joui"- 
 ney, which lasted four days. Besides the usual hardships of the march came that of carrying the 
 baggage ; hunger, too, was ever increased by the ever increasing want of food, so much so that 
 for three daj's we ate nothing but some berries once gathered on the way. 
 
 On the eve of Assumption, then, about three o'clock, we reached a river, which flows by their 
 village {Osserne?ion). Both banks were filled with Iro(iuois, who received us with clul^s, fists and 
 stones. As a bald or thinly covered head is an object of aversion to them, this tempest burst in 
 its fury on my bare head. Two of my nails had hitherto escaped, these they tore out with their 
 teeth, and with their keen nails stripped off the flesh beneath to the very bones. When satisfied 
 with the cruelty and nu)ckeries which we thus received by the river side, they led us to their vil- 
 lage on the top of the hill. At its entrance we met the youth of all that district, awaiting us in 
 
New York Iltntorira! Reconh. 581 
 
 a line on each side of tlie road, all armed with clubs. Conscious that if we withdrew oui-selves 
 from the ranks of those chastised, we no less withdrew ourselves from those of the cliildren, we 
 cheerfully offered ourselves to our God, thus like a father chastising us, that in us " he iniijht be 
 well pleased." Our order was as follows : in the front of the line they placed a Frenchman, alas ! 
 entirely naked, not having even his drawers; Rene Goupil was in the centre, and I, last of all, 
 closed the line. 
 
 * * * * * 
 
 We had but just time to draw breath on this stage when one, with a huge club, gave us 
 Frenchmen three terrible blows on the bare back ; the savages now took out their knives and 
 began to mount the stage, and cut off the fingers of many of the prisoners, and as a captive meets 
 with cruelty proportioned to his dignity they began with me, as my manner of acting sliowed me 
 to be in authority among the French and Hurons. Accordingly an old man and a woman 
 approached the spot where I stood ; and he commanded her to cut off my thuml) ; she at first 
 drew back, but at last when the old wretch had three or four times repeated the order, as if by 
 compulsion she cut off my left thumb where it joins the hand. 
 
 On the following day, the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, after spending the morning on 
 the stage, we were taken about mid-day to another village {Andagoron), about two miles distant 
 from the first. As I was on the point of starting, the Indian who had brought me, loth to lose 
 my shirt, sent me off with nothing but an old and tattered pair of drawers; when I beheld myself 
 thus naked, " Surely, brother," said I, " thou wilt not send me off thus naked, thou hast taken 
 enough of our property to enrich thee." This touched him, and he gave me enough of the hempen 
 bagging, in which our packages had been put up, to cover my shoulders and part of my body. 
 But my flesh, mangled by their blows and stripes, could not bear this rough and coarse cloth. On 
 the way, while scarcely and at last not at all covered by it, the heat of the sun was so intense, that 
 my skin was dried, as though in an oven, aiid peeled off from my back and arras. 
 
 As we entered the second village blows were not spared, though this is contrary to their usual 
 custom, which is to be content with making prisoners run the gauntlet once. The Almighty, 
 doubtless, wished us to be somewhat likened in this point to his Apostle, who glories that he was 
 thrice beaten with rods, and though they received us with fewer blows than the first, these were 
 more cruelly given, being better aimed from there being less of a croAvd, and some struck con- 
 stantly on the shins to our exquisite pain. 
 
 The rest of the day we spent on the stage, and the night in a hut tied down half naked to 
 the bare ground, at the mercy of all ages and sexes ; for we had been handed over to the sport of 
 the children and youth, who threw hot coals on our naked bodies, which, bound as we were, it was 
 no easy matter to shake off. In this manner Indian children make their apprenticeship in cruelty, 
 and from less grow accustomed to greater. 
 
 In this village we spent two days and nights, with scarcely any food or sleep, in great anguish 
 of mind as far as I was concerned ; for from time to time they mounted the stage, cutting off" the 
 fingers of my Hwron companions, and binding their clenched hands in hard cords so tightly drawn 
 that they fainted, and while each suffered but his own pain, I suffered that of all. I was afilicted 
 with as intense grief as you can imagine a most loving father's heart to feel at the sight of his 
 children's misery, for, with the exception of a few old Christians, I had begotten them all recently 
 
 in Christ by baptism. 
 
 * * * * * 
 
 Never till now had the Indian scaffold beheld Fnmck or other Christian captives. Hence, 
 contrary to usual custom, we were led around through all their villages to gratify the general 
 
582 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 curiosity. The third indeed [Teonontogen) we entered scatheless, but on the scaffold a scene met 
 my eyes more heart-rending than any torment ; it was a group of four Hurons taken elsewhere 
 Ijy another party and dragged in to swell our wretched company. Among other cruelties, eveiy 
 one of these had lost some fingers, and the eldest of the band his two thumbs. As soon as I 
 i-eached thera, I began to instruct them separately on the articles of faith, then on the very stage 
 itself I baptized two with rain-drops gathered from the leaves of a stalk of Indian com given us 
 to chew ; the other two I baptized at a little stream which we passed when led to another village. 
 At this place, cold setting in after the rain, we suffered extremely from it as we were entirely 
 uncovered. Often shivering with cold on the stage, I would, unordered, come down and enter 
 some hut but I could scarcely begin to warm myself when I was commanded to return to the 
 scaffold. 
 
 They next hung me between two poles in the hut, tied by the arms above the elbow, with 
 coarse rope woven of the bark of trees. Then I thought I was to be burnt, for this is one of 
 their usual preliminaries; and that I might know, that I had thus far borne any thing with forti- 
 tude or even with patience, this came not from myself, but from Him who gives strength to the 
 weary. Now as though left to myself in this torture I groaned aloud, for " I will glory in my 
 infirmities that the power of Christ may dwell in me " (2 Cor. xii. 9), and from my intense pain I 
 begged my torturers to ease me some little from those hard rough ropes. But God justly ordained 
 that the more I pleaded, the more they drew my bonds. At last, when I had been hanging thus 
 about a quarter of an hour, they unloosed me, as I was on the point of fainting. I render thee 
 thanks, O Lord Jesus, that I have been allowed to learn, by some slight experience, how much 
 thou didst deign to suffer on the cross for me, when the weight of thy most holy body lumg not 
 by ropes, but by thy hands and feet pierced by hardest nails 1 
 
 Other chains followed these, for we Avere tied to the grouiid to pass the rest of the night. 
 What did they not then do to my poor Huron companions, thus tied hand and foot? What did 
 they not attempt on me ? But once more I thank thee, Lord, that thou didst save me, thy 
 priest, ever xmsullied from the impure hands of the savages. 
 
 When we had thus sp'eut two days in that village, we were led back to the second {Ancla- 
 goron) which we had entered, that our fate might be finally determined. We had now been for 
 seven days led from village to village, from scaffold to scaffold, become a spectacle to God and to 
 his angels, as we may hope from his divine goodness, a scoff and jeer to the vilest savages, when 
 we were at last told that the day should end our lives amid the flames. Sooth to say, this last act 
 was not without its horrors, yet the good pleasure of God, and the hope of a better life, where 
 sin shoidd have no place, rendered it i-ather one of joy. Addressing my French and Huron com- 
 panions, for the last time, I bid them be of good heart, and amid their mental and bodily suffer- 
 ings to think " diligently upon Him that had eudm-ed such opposition of sinners agamst himself ; 
 not to be weary, fainting in then- minds " (Heb. xii. 3), but to hope that the morrow would unite 
 us to our God, to reign for ever. 
 
 Fearing lest we might be torn asunder, I especially advised Eustace to look towards me when 
 we could not be together, and bj' laying his hand on his breast and raising his eyes to heaven, to 
 show contrition for his sins, so that I could absolve him, as I had already frequently done after 
 hearing his confession, as well on the way as after our arrival. Acting on my advice, he several 
 times made me the sign. 
 
 The sachems, however, on further deliberation resolved that no precipitate action was to be 
 taken with regard to the French prisoners, and summoning us before the council they declared 
 that our lives were spared. To almost all the Hurons they likewise granted life ; three only were 
 
New York Historical Records. 583 
 
 excepted, Paul, Eustace, and Stephen, m'Iio were put to doatli in the tlirec villages which make 
 up the tribe ; Stej>hen in Andagoron, the village whei-u we were • Pant in Osserncnon, and Emtace 
 in Teonontogen. 
 
 Towards evening of that day they carried of William Couture, whom they regarded as a 
 young man of unparalleled courage, to Teonontogen, the furthest village of their canton, and gave 
 him to an Indian family. (It is the custom of these savages, when they spare a prisoner's life, to 
 adopt him into some family, to supply the place of a deceased member, to whose rights he, in a 
 manner, succeeds ; he is subject thenceforward to no man's orders but those of the head of the 
 family, who, to acquire this right, offers some presents.) But seeing that Hem; and I wore less 
 vigorous, they led us to the first village, the residence of the party that had ca]>tured us, and left 
 us there (Osnenienon) till some new resolution should be taken. 
 
 After so many a long day spent fasting, after so many sleepless nights, after so many wounds 
 and stripes, especially after such heart-rending anguish of mind, when time was, so to sjieak, 
 given us at last to feel our sufferings, we sank into a state of helplessness. Scarce able to walk or 
 even stand erect, nor night nor day brouglit a moment of repose, from many evils, but cliiefly 
 from our still untended wounds ; all tliis state was rendered more trying by the myriads of lice, 
 fleas and bugs, which it was not easy to keep from us with maimed and mutilated fingers. 
 -Besides this, we suffered from hunger; more true here than elsewhere is the saying: 
 
 "Non cibus utilis tegro." 
 So that, with nothing but unripe sipiashes to add to their American (or, as we Europeans call it, 
 Turkish) corn, carelessly bruised between two stones, we were brouglit to the verge of the grave, 
 especially Eenii, whose stomach refused this food, and Avho, from his many wounds, had almost 
 lost his sight. The Indians then seeing us fail day by day, hunted up in the village some small 
 fishes and some bits of meat dried in the sun or smoke, and pounding them, mixed them with our 
 sagamity. After three weeks we were just recovering from our illness, when we were sought to 
 be put to death. The two hundi'ed Indians who had maltreated us so on the way, advanced into 
 Neio France, to the point where the river Iroquois,* so called from them, empties into the river 
 St. Lawrence : here seeing a party of French engaged in laying the foundations of Fort Rich- 
 elieu, they thought they could easily kill some and carry off the rest as prisoners. Accordingly 
 the whole two hundred, in a single column, almost all armed with muskets, rushed almost unex- 
 pected on the whites engaged in their various works. At the first onset of the foe, the French, 
 though but a handful compared to the hostile forces, flew to arms, and so bravely and successfully 
 withstood their savage assailants, that after killing two and wounding many more, they put the 
 rest to flight. The war party returned furious, and as though they had been greatly wronged, 
 who had gone forth to do wrong, demanded the death of such of us as were yet alive. " It is 
 •A shame," they cried, " that three Frenchmen should live quietly among us, when they have so 
 lately slain three of our braves." Amid these complaints Rene's safety especially and my own 
 were brought into great jeopardy. He alone, who as he gave, so protecteth life, wardeth off the blow. 
 [Sept. 7.] On the eve of the nativity of the Blessed Virgin, one of the principal Holland- 
 ers, who have a settlement not more than twenty leagues from these Indians, came with two others 
 to effect our liberation. f He remained there several days, offered much, ])romised more, obtained 
 
 * The Sorcl, or Richelieu. 
 
 1 Tliis was the celebrated Arcndt Van Curler, so highly esteemed by the French and Indians. The latter 
 even gave his name perpetually to the English governors. He was the constant friend of Father Jogues, and 
 after many ineffectual attempts to ransom him, by the charitable contributions of the Dutch colonists, aided him 
 to escape. 
 
584 Colonial Settlements on the Hudson River. 
 
 notliing. But as they are a wily and cunning race of savages, in order not to seem to refuse all 
 that a friend asked, but to concede something to his desires, they lyingly asserted that they would 
 in a few days restore us to our countrymen. This was perhaps the wish of some of them ; but in 
 the latter part of September (for constant rains had put off the matter till that time) a final coun- 
 cil was held on our fate, although ostensibly provisions had. been prepared and men appointed to 
 take us back. Here the opinion of the few well inclined was rejected, confusion carried the day, 
 and some clamorous braves declared that they would never suffer a Frenchman to be taken back 
 alive. The council broke up in alarm, and each, as if in flight, returned to his lodge or the village 
 whence he came. Left thus to the cruelty of bloodthirsty men, attempts were constantly made 
 on om* lives. Some, tomahawk in hand, prowled around the cabins to And and despatch us. How- 
 ever, towards tiie close of the council, God had inspired me with some thought that induced me 
 to draw my companions together, without the village, in a field belonging to the cabin where I 
 was. Here, ignorant of what had transpired, we lay hid in comparative safety, until the storm 
 under which we should all have fallen, had we remained in the village, was somewhat calmed.* 
 
 * This letter, addressed to the Provincial of the Jesuits in Paris, was written at Rensselaerwyck Aug. Gth, 
 1643, after Father Jogues had managed to escape with the assistance of Domiue Megapolensis. 
 
Index of Names 
 
 VOL, XII (NEW SERIES VOL. 1 ) ANH VOL. XIII (NEW SERIES VOL. II.) 
 
 3, 202, 348. 
 
 I, 233. 
 544. 547. 
 
 Abcll, Lucas, xii, 402. 
 
 Abellen, Gerritt, xiii, 1. 
 
 Aberdeane, xii, 544. 
 
 Abergaveny, xi i, 544. 
 
 Abrahams, Cornells, xi 
 
 Abrahams Delight, xii 
 
 Abrahams, Jan, xil, 2 
 
 Abrahamsen, Isaac, xii, 63. 
 
 Abrahamsen, Tennis, xiii, 338. 
 
 Abuses in land grants, xiii, 33. 
 
 Accomack, Va., xii, 503, 571, 583, 587, G55, 030. 
 
 Ackerman, John, xii, 624, 646. 
 
 Ackerman, John, jr., xil, 624. 
 
 Ackerman, Mary, xir, 659. 
 
 Achinkeshaky, xi 1 1, 14. 
 
 Blockhouse at, 53, 55. See Hach-nmch. 
 Achter Col, xii, 131, 518, 519; xiii, 216, 221, 476. 
 
 English people desire to settle on the, xiii, 193, 
 195, 208. 
 Addams, Fenwyck, xii 
 Addison, Anthony, xn 
 Adrian, Dirck, xiii, 2 
 Adriaeusen, Jost, xn, 
 Adriaensen, Maryn (Va 
 Adrianson, John, x 1 1 1 
 Aepje's Island (Schodack), xiii, 26. 
 After Coll, xiii, 455. See Achter Coll. 
 Agawam (Springfield), xiii, 308. 
 Agriculture, xn, 418, 420, 450, 485, 506; xiii, 79, 171, 
 231, 292, 333, 337, 342, 853, 374. See Plantation; 
 Grain ; Villa. ,es. 
 Aha-imus N. J , xiii, 1, 2, 55, 233, 282, 299, 366, 570. 
 
 See //,u ,■.«•/«..« .V. 
 Albany, xn, 463, 506. 513, 543 et seq., 550, 560, 633; 
 xni. 464, 466,' 468, 481 et seq., 491 et seq., 496, 
 499, 504, 509, 512, 517-8, 521-2, 524-5, 528-9, 
 531-2, 536, 563-4, 570, 573. 
 
 commissioners of Maryland at, xn, 508, 510, 557 
 et seq. 
 
 trade of. xni, 426, 439, 532, 534. 
 
 trade with Indians at Oimited), xni, 491. 
 
 New Englanders trading at, 458. 
 
 jurisdiction of the court of, xin, 490. 
 
 called Willemstadt, xni, 478. 
 See Fort Oranrje ; Fort Nassau ; Willemstadt. 
 
 n 
 
 ,569. 
 
 I, 428, 448, 544. 
 !0. 
 
 325; xni, 401, 507, 533. 
 1 derVeere), xin, 10, 12, 13, 22 
 414. 
 
 Alberts, Dirck, xn, 491, 517, 530 et seq., 540, 649. 
 
 Alberts, Hubert, xn, 291. 
 
 Alberts, Jan, xin, 245, 246. 
 
 Albertsen, Albert, xin, 45. 
 
 Albeitsen, Arian, xin, 415, 448. 
 
 Albertsen, Hans, from Brunswick, xn, 178. 
 
 Albertsen, John, xin, 449. 
 
 Albertsen, Storm, xin, 283. 
 
 Albertzen, Wouter, xin, 212. 
 
 Aldersen, Henrick, xin, 544. 
 
 Allard, John, xn, 506. 
 
 Allen, Anthony, xn, 613. 
 
 Allerton, Isaac, petition of, xn, 160; one of the eight 
 men, xni, 16; mentioned, xn, 60, 63, 71, 98, 120, 
 126, 142 et seq., 154 et seq., 158, 161, 168, 173, 204, 
 208; XIII, 55 et seq. 
 
 Allyn, John, secretary of Connecticut, xiii, 403. 
 
 Alrichs, .lacob, xn, 132, 166, 169, 175, 184, 197, 212, 
 215, 216, 221, 232, 246. 249, 252, 253, 254, 255, 
 258, 259, 260, 262, 264, 365, 266, 267, 269, 373, 
 280, 282, 283, 288, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 296, 
 304, 305, 307, 309, 317, 318, 326, 327, 328, 330,332. 
 333, 335, 342, 847, 348, 349, 851, 357, 374, 421, 442. 
 vice-director of the colony of the city of Amster- 
 dam on the South river, xn, 132, 166. 
 letters from, xn, 163, 173, 185, 187, 192, 194, 197, 
 198, 200, 201, 204, 205, 213, 216, 222, 223, 224, 
 226, 228, 229, 231, 235, 236, 242, 243, 245, 247, 
 248, 250, 253, 257, 372, -284, 285. 
 letters to, xn, 280. 
 death of, xn, 289, 305. 
 
 Alrichs, Pieter, xn, 292, 321, 351, 354, 355, 357. 358, 
 368, 391, 395, 404, 414, 447, 450, 453, 454, 459, 
 460, 461, 462, 471, 476, 484, 485, 488, 491, 492, 
 493, 496, 504, 505, 506, 508, 509 et seq., 513, 517, 
 521, 522, 530, 535, 544, 548, 589, 591, 599, 608, 
 623, 632, 633, 634, 647, 049, 650. 
 letter from, and William Toon, xi I, 493. 
 sheriff and commander at the South river, xn, 509. 
 
 Alsop, Mr., XIII, 281. 
 
 Alstone, Arthur, xn, 665. 
 
 Alstone, A., xn, 665. 
 
 Altena, xn, 188, 193, 203, 207 et seq., 238, 255, 257, 
 363, 373, 374, 378, 394, 302, 309, 314, 315, 316, 
 329, 339, 340, 349, 350, 355, 356, 366, 376, 379, 
 383, 386, 389, 393, 403, 412, 419, 423, 427, 439, 
 435, 437, 445, 449, 451. 
 
586 
 
 Index. 
 
 Altena, Fort Christina (so called), xii, 188, 193. 
 strength of garrison at, 255. 
 Englisli commissioners at, xiii, 356. 
 
 Alward, John, xii, 605. 
 
 Amboyle, xiii, 405. 
 
 Amersfoort (Flatlands, L. I.),xii, 90; xiii,;66, 124, 154. 
 order for the safety of, xiii, 45. 
 
 Amersfoort, Holland, xiii, 154. 
 
 Ammersland, xii, 647. 
 
 Ammonsen, Hans, xii, 412. 
 
 Anderson, Hendrick, xii, 469, 470. 
 
 Anderson, Laes, xii, 527. 
 
 Anderson, "Will, xii, 587. 
 
 Andreas, Peter, xii, 490. 
 
 Andresen, Carl, xii, 529. 
 
 Andrew the Fin, xii, 647. 
 
 Andrews, Frederic, xii, 648. 
 
 Andrews, Peter, xii, 648. 
 
 Andries, Q-ertruy, XI 1 1, 104, 212. 
 
 Andries, Lowrens, xiii, 233, 234, 3G0, 544. 
 
 Andries, Meusje, xii, 304. 
 
 Andries, Mons, xii, 107, 137, 141, 153, 155, 158, 162. 
 
 Andries the Weaver, xiii, 230. 
 
 Andriesen, Andries, the Fin, xii, 366, 426, 470, 491. 
 
 Andriesen, Arent, xiii, 353. 
 
 Andriessen, Christian, sin, 202, 245. 
 
 Andriesen, Jacob, xiii, 77, 78. 
 
 Andriesen, James, xii, 339. 340. 
 
 Andriesen, Jan, xil, 26, 40,' 49, 178, 181 et neq. 
 
 Andriesen, Jan, from Berenbach, xi i, 67. 
 
 Andriesen, Jan of Riga, xii, 186. 
 
 Andriaensen, Joost, xii, 210. 
 
 Andriessen, Lars, xii, 530, 535, 557, 559, 634. 
 
 Andriesen, Lucas, xili, 313, 3.53. 
 
 Andriesen, Mary, xii, 339, 340. 
 
 Andriessen, Pieter, xii, 313 ; xiii, 5, 341. 
 
 Andros, Sir Edmund, Gov., xii, 521, 539, 530, 532, 
 
 535, 540, 545, 561, 571, 577, 578, 580, 582, 583, 
 
 587, 588, 590, 600, 601, 604, 609, GIO, 611, 613. 
 
 013, 614, 615, 616, 619, 630, 626, 632, 645, 646, 
 
 649, 6.50, 651, 653, 656, 657, 660, 663, 664; xiii, 
 
 485, 489, 492, 494-5, 500-1, 504, 506, 513, 514, 
 
 517, 524, 536, 534, 536 539-41, 543-4, 546, 549. 
 
 letters from, xii, 513, 516, 518-9, 538, 538,543-3, 
 
 554, 566, 581-3, 584, 585, 608; xiii, 483-3, 
 
 490-1, 493, 509, 533, 535-6, 538. 
 
 letters to, xii, 535, 539, 545, 571, 575-7, 587, 590, 
 
 620, 624, 633, 645, 650, 653-5, 661; xiii, 534, 
 
 549. 
 
 visits Governor Carterett of New Jersey, xiii, 
 
 543. 
 
 Anies, GoestafiEsen, xii, 107. 
 
 Anthony, Allard, xii, 97, 308; xiii, 41, GO, 166, 300, 
 456. 
 
 Anthony, Nicholas, xiii, 456. 
 
 Antill, Edward, xiii, 565. 
 
 Antonios Nose, a fortification recommended to be built 
 at, XIII, 464. 
 
 Antonissen, Cornelis (van der Slyck), Indian interpreter, 
 XIII, 18, Catskil granted to, 30. 
 
 Apauamis, part of Westchester so called, xiii, 403. 
 
 Apopcalyck (Communipaw, N. J.) granted to Egbert 
 Woutersen, xiii, 22. 
 
 Apequenamingh (Apoquimini), Md., xii, 357, 437, 446, 
 450, 464, 477, 539. 
 
 Apoquemini Kil, xii, .508, 511, 517, 537, 548, G13. 
 
 Appel, Jan Lawrensen, xii, 53. 
 
 Appleboom, Harald, Swedish Mmistcr at the Hague, 
 XI I, 47 n. 
 
 Applegadt, Bartholomeus, xiii, 478. 
 
 Applegadt, Thomas, xiii, 478. 
 
 Aquehouga Manacknong, Indian name for Staten Island, 
 
 XII I, 455. 
 Archer, John, xiii, 431, 424, 459, 471, 492. 
 
 Fordham Court to be held at the house of, xiii, 
 483. 
 Arents, Claus, xii, 447. 
 Arentsen, Claes, xiii, 233, 363. 
 Arentsen, Hendrick, xill, 231. 
 Aressick Island, xiii, 3. 
 Argansen, Claes, xiii, 371. 
 Argansick, xiii, 381. 
 Arians, Dirck, xiii, 213, 246. 
 Arians, Joost, xiil, 246, 450. 
 Arianson, Henr., xiii, 413. 
 Arien'sKil, xii, 513, 517. 
 Ariens, Weynte, jr., xiii, 544. 
 Arienson, Peter, xiii, 413. 
 Arlington, Earl of, xii, 460; xiil, 472. 
 Armeperal, xiii, 9, (Armepperahin.) 
 Arnestead, Daniel, xii, 665. 
 Aroenemeck, XI i, 300. 
 Arosmith, Edmond, xiii, 547. 
 Arromsinck, N. J., xiii, 316. 
 Arsen, Bartel, xii, 394. 
 Arsen, Cornelis, xiii, 419. 
 Arsen, Jan, xiii, 119. 
 Arte, Gerrit, xiii, 411. 
 Artse, Bartolomeus, xii, 339. 
 Artsen, Jan, xiii, 115, 117, 154. 
 Arthur Cull, xiii, 405. See Ac?iter Cull. 
 ,\shfordby, William, xiii, 401, 533, 544. 
 Ashman, John, xil, 490, 048, 651. 
 Ashman, Robert, xil, 490, 648. 
 Askud, John, xil, 491. 
 Assawarnou Creek, xii, 583. 
 Assawoma Inlet, xii, 577. 
 Assnerus, Henrick, xii, 248. 
 
 Augsburg Confession, XII, 105, 446, 529. See Lutherans. 
 
 Avery (Auere), John, xii, 559, 578, 582, 586, 589, 603, 
 
 604, 605, 634, 635, 626, 627, 631, 633, 634, G35, 
 
 652, 654, 659. 
 
 letter from, xii, 583. 
 
 Awiehaken (Weehawken, N. J.), granted to Marya 
 
 Adriaensen, xiil, 22. 
 Awnie, a liquid measure, xii, 187. 
 Axton, George, xii, 544, 549. 
 
 B. 
 
 Bachtamo, Indian name for God, xili, 375. 
 
 Backer, Bone, xii, 648. 
 
 Backer, Claes Jansen, xiii, 37. 
 
 Backer, Jacobsen, xiii, 228. 
 
 Backer, Jacobus;, xii, 305, 396, 311, 343; XIII, 178, 377. 
 
 Backer, Jan, \ui, !i, 2:^0. 
 
 Backer, Jan llaniit/., xiii, 312, 314. 
 
 Backer, Jdhn, Mil, 4T3. 
 
 Backer, Nicliolas, xiil, 352. 
 
 Backstead, John, xii, 597. 
 
 Bagge, Bent, xiil, 374, 388. 
 
 Bagyn, Jacob, xii, 193. 
 
 Bahia de todos los Santos, xii, 55. 
 
 Bailey, John, xiii, 405. 
 
 Baker, C, xili, 541. 
 
 Baker, Mr., xiii, 468. 
 
 Balscli, Isaac, xii, CG5. 
 
Index. 
 
 587 
 
 Baltimore (Balthus More), Lord, xli, 247, 348, 350, 353, 
 399, 320, 334, 337, 333, 347, 300, 417, 437, 457, 
 490, 504, 510, 538, 571, C53, 003, 008; x:ii, 
 103 n, 555, 504. 
 letters to, xin, 555, 559, 503, 505. 
 
 Baltimore, Mr., x:i, 437. 
 
 Baltimore, the young, xii, 433. 
 
 Bamboes, Herman, xui. 140. See Jacohsen, Ilarman. 
 
 Banckcr, Gerritt, xill, 99 et seq., 193, 253, 405, 503. 
 
 Barbadoes, xii, 04, 89, 409, 473, 523, 007. 
 
 Barber, Francis, si 1 1, 540-7. 
 
 Barends, Jan, xii, 529. 
 
 Baren.s, Fred (baker), xii, 153. 
 
 Barents, Andries, XI 1 1, 303, 313, 347. 
 
 Barents, Christian, xil, 335. 
 
 Barents, Frans, xil, 595. 
 
 Barents, Jan, xill, 240. 
 
 Barents, Jannekc, xn, 339, 340. 
 
 Barents, Marcus, xn, 226. 
 
 Barentsen, Frederic, xn, 128. 
 
 Barentsen, Jacob, xiii, 3, 30, 195. 
 
 Barentsen, Jan, xn, 184, 307; xiii, 98, 330. 
 
 Barentsen, Thys, xiii, 300. 
 
 Baret, Samuel, xiii, 66. 
 
 Barker, Ambrose, xn, 600. 
 
 Barker, John, xn, 549. 
 
 Barker, Thojiias, xn, 639. 
 
 Barksteede, Joshua, xn, 047. 
 
 Bainegat, xn, 331, 334; xiii, 313. 
 
 Barnes, Benoni, xn, 605. 
 
 Barnes, Matthew, xiil, 574. 
 
 Barneson, John, xn, 049. 
 
 Barnson, Corn, xill, 410, 415. 
 
 Barnson, John, xn, 555; xiii, 411, 414. 
 
 Barnstaple, xiii, 400. 
 
 Baron, Michael, xn, 471, 473, 008. 
 
 Barrett, John, xn, 005. 
 
 Bartcls, Harmon, xili, 300. 
 
 Bartr.:; r.rrvrt, "cui, 40. 
 
 Ban; : M ' -. XII, 40!», 47a 
 
 Ban, :. ;-V 
 
 Baii-n. .i .',,,, MI, 005. 
 
 Bassett, Koburt, xni, 60. 
 
 Bastiansen, Harmen, xni, 398. 
 
 Bastiansen, Jacob, xin, 544. 
 
 Bastiansen, Teunis, xni, 300. 
 
 Baswell, John, xn, 005. 
 
 Batcheller's harbor, xn, 544, 630. 
 
 Baton, Machiel, XII, 593. 
 
 Batten kill, Indian name for, xni, 573. 
 
 B.awcom, Peter, xn, 544, 041, 001, 005. 
 
 Baxter, Garvis, commander at Albany, letter to, xin, 
 570. 
 
 Baxter, George, xin, 18. 
 
 Baxter, Tom, xin, 488, 574. 
 
 Baxter, Captain, xiii, 500. 
 
 Baxter, Lieutenant, xn, 41. 
 
 Bayard, Balthazar, clerk of Berger court, xni, 303. 
 
 Bayard, Nic, Secretary, xn, 512; xin, 473. 
 
 Bayard, Peter, xn, 647. 
 
 Bayly, Nathan, xin, 488, 574. 
 
 Bayly, Nicies, xni, 488, 574. 
 
 Bear or Godfried's Island, xn, 245, 240, 247. 
 
 Beales, Robert, xn, 047. 
 
 Beck, Mr., xn, 217. 
 
 Becker, Jan, xn, 383. 
 
 Becker, Jan Jurianscn, xn, 290, 300, 339 et acq. 
 
 Bcdioo, Cornelius, xin, 456. 
 
 Bedloo, Isaac, xin, 431, 400. 
 
 Bedwell, Robert, xn, C47, 065. 
 
 Beeck, Warrener Hooris, xni, 544. 
 
 Beeckeman, Cornells, xni, 40. 
 
 Beekm.an, Hendrick (son of Wm.), xil, 320. 
 
 Beckman, Henry, xin, 403. 
 
 Beekman, William, Commissary for the W. I. Company 
 at the South river, xi i, 210, 230, 232, 238, 242 el 
 seq., 340, 248, 259, 200, 209, 272, 273, 288, 
 296, 303, 314, 327, 328, 329, 338, 339, 375 et 
 381, 382, 386, 387, 388, 389 et seq.. 396, 398, 39'9. 
 400, 401, 402, 412, 417, 421, 422,' 425, 427, 429^ 
 517. 
 Commissary at the Esopus, xin, 385, 401, 
 
 43S, 
 
 letters 
 
 289, 
 
 : -' \ ' ;, ■;'(■.), 265, 282, 283, 286, 
 I ::iir,, 309, 312, 315, 318, 
 I. :. ;!, : . ;. :::;), 336, 343, 344, 345, 
 340, 349, :',:,{), 351, 35-1, 355, 356, 358, 359, 
 361, 363, 364, 368, 379, .381, 384, 387, 391, 395, 
 403, 400, 410, 411, 413, 413, 414, 415, 417, 418, 
 419, 433, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 
 440, 447, 448, 449, 451. 
 letters to, 259, 337, 380, 409, 416, 424, 443. 
 petition of, for cadet's pay for his son, xn, 339. 
 son born to him, xn, 335; another, 410. 
 brother of, xn, 350. 
 
 Justice of the Peace at Kingston, xni, 566. 
 Beekman, Mr., xn, 043, 043; xin, 469. 
 Beckman, Mrs., xn, 339. 
 Beer, Cornells Willemsen, xn, 110. 
 Beeren Island, xin, 348, 398. 
 Beetman, Mr., xn, 355. 
 Beets, Goodman, xin. 41. 
 Benckes, Jacob, xn, 507; xin, 473, 476. 
 Beuckson, Andries, xn, 580. 
 Bendall, Philipp, xin, 547. 
 Benfull, William, xin, 06. 
 Bengson, Mathys, xn, 415. 
 Berentsen, Hans, xiii, 75. 
 
 Bergen, N. J., xin, 207, 314, 231, 234 et seq., 268, 371, 
 
 294, 318, 360 et seq., 383, 395, 479, 539. 
 
 wants a clergyman, xin, 232. See Ordinances. 
 
 Berkeley, Lord John, of Stratton, proprietor of New 
 
 Jersey, xn, 563, 568, 579, 592; xin, 469, 471, 486, 
 
 541. 
 
 Berisford, Christopher, xin, 407 et seq., 417, 431, 436, 
 
 438, 433 et seq., 443, 443, 448, 450, 453. 
 Bcnuuda, xni, 435. 
 Berrowii, Michiel, XII, 649. 
 
 Berry, John, Deputy-Governor of New Jersey, XII, 473, 
 480, 493, 494 et seq. ; xin, 407, 473, 508, 543. 
 letter to, from King Charles II, xni, 409. 
 summoned before tlie N. Y Council, xill, 544. 
 Berry, William, xn, 047. 
 Berry, Willra, jr., xn, 605. 
 Bestevaer, Jan Jansen, xn. 110. 
 Bethlehem, Albany county, xin, 193, 345. 
 Betts, William, xni, 441. 
 Beverwyck, xni, 30, 39, 114, 132, 180, 193, 220, 251, 
 
 255, 258, 304, 383, 387 et seq. 
 Bichason, Walter, xn, 647. 
 Bicker, Gerrit, xn, 86. 
 
 Bickerstaflf. Robert, xin, 418, 448, 450 et seq., 544. 
 Biixgs, John, xin, 418, 430, 448, 450, 544. 
 Bi joker's in Virginia, xn, 350. 
 Biles, William, xn, 046, 059. 
 Billing, F.dward. xn, 570. 
 
 Billop, Cai)t. Christopher, xn, 580, 581, 584, 593, 595, 
 599, G07, 013; xin, 485. 
 
588 
 
 Index. 
 
 Billop, letter to, xil, 584. 
 
 Billou (Bileau), Peter, xiii, 200, 424. 
 
 Binckson, John, xii, 468. See Coningmnarh. 
 
 Binevie, Lewis, xiii, 500. 
 
 Bintgen, Thomas, xii, 180. 
 
 Bishop, John, xiii, 406. 
 
 Bitter, Frederic, xii, 137, 139. 
 
 Black Point, Staten Island, xi 1 1, 547. 
 
 Black, William, xii, 615. 
 
 Blackwood, Phine, xii, 630. 
 
 Blanchan, Mathies, xiii, 212, 238, 246, 404, 445 et seq., 
 
 448, 544. 
 Blank, Juriaen, xii, 30, 31, 32, 149; xiii, 326. 
 Bleecker (Blycker, Bleycker), Jan Janscn, xiii, 479, 
 
 504, 572-3. 
 Blind Brook, xiii, 403. 
 Blinks, Richard, xii, 544. 
 Block, Hans, xii, 292, 321, 369, 402, 462, 475, 490, 501, 
 
 506, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 540, 553 et scq. 
 Block Island, R. I. See Red Island. 
 Bloem (Blom), Rev. Harmanus, xiii, 111, 186, 189, 194, 
 212 et seq., 329 et scq.. 292, 311, 318, 336, 342, 
 373, 416. 
 
 goes to the Esopus, xiii, 103. 
 
 inhabitants of Esopus ask for his installation, 103. 
 
 engaged as minister, xiii, 130. 
 
 comes to take the charge at Esopus, xi 1 1, 155. 
 
 letters from, xui, 311, 373. 
 
 letters to, and consistoiy of Wiltwyck, xiii, 307. 
 Bloemert, Ariaen, xii, 62, 63. 
 Bloominburg, Sullivan county, xm, 340 ». 
 Blotke, Hans, xii, 649. 
 Boathman, Urin, xii, 648. 
 Boecker, Jems, xi i, 49. 
 Boelsen, Jan, xii, 607. 
 Boen, Andries, xii, 607. 
 Boers, Lars, xii, 137, 143, 153, 158. 
 Boes, Nicolas, Capt., xiii, 473. 
 Boertjen's inn, xii, 156. 
 Bogardus, Rev. Everardus, xil. 26, 27. 
 Bogardus, "William, xiii, 279, 303. 
 Boghard, Harman M., Commissary, xiii, 22. 
 Bohemia River, Md., xii, 337. 
 Bollen, James, Secretary of New Jersev, xi 1 1, 400, 473, 
 
 542-3, 550. 
 Bombay Hook, Del., xii, 368, 477. 
 Bones, Ensta, xii, 648. 
 Boners, Hans, xii, 490, 491, 649. 
 Bontemantel, J., xii, 234. 
 Boollassen, Peter, xii, 648. 
 Boomptjes Hook, Del., xii, 160, 215, 221, 008. 416, 
 
 508. 
 Boon, Francis, xiii, 88, 109, 110 122. 
 Boon, John, xiii, 396. 
 Boone, Mr., xiii, 421. 
 Bordingh, Claes, xni, 250, 204, 205, 365. 
 Bore, Joshua, xii, 615. 
 Borgh, Mr., xil, 335. 
 Borsboom, Peter Jacobsen, xm, 253. 
 Borton, Wm., xii, 586, 605. 
 Bostiok, Thomas, xii, 647, 665. 
 
 Boston, XII, 39, 41, 63, 249, 437, 523; xm 163, 224, 
 295, 390, 493, 513, 517, 521, 533-4, 526-8, 530. 
 
 Englishmen from, at Fort Orange, xm, 107. 
 
 Governor of, .xiii, 190. 
 Bottien (Buttein), Jellis, xm, 202. 
 Boudt (Bout), JanEvertsen, xii, 3, 10, 18, 00. 
 Boulsa, John, xii, 648. 
 Boulyn, John, xm, 567 et seq. 
 
 Bontjc, Willem, xii, 96. 
 Bovatz, Andries, xiii, 303. 
 Bow, John, xm, 315. 
 Bowery, the, xm, 538. 
 Bowman, Mr., xii, 646. 
 Bowne (Boune), William, xm, 43. 
 Boyd, James, xii, 534. 
 
 Boyer, Alexander, xn, 30, 33, 38, 44, 49, 137, 142, 158, 
 178 et seq., 182, 193, 353, 255, 357, 383, 390, 308, 
 
 letter from, 43. 
 Brabander, Jan Jansen, xm, 313, 230, 409. 
 Bradborne, John, xn, 492, 534, 549, 620^ 
 Bradford, "William, Gov. of Plymouth, xn, 53. 
 Braey, Gisbert, sergeant, xn, 133 et scq. 
 Braintree, Mass., xm, 526. 
 Braley, Richard, xn, 586. 
 Brand, Bernard, xn, 020. 
 Brantsen, Cuelis, xm, 154. 
 Brantsen, Evert, xn, 233. 
 Brantz, Corn., xm, 212. 
 Brasey, Richard, xn, 605. 
 Brasey, Robert, sr., xn, 586, 605. 
 Brasidy, Robert, jr., xn, 586, 605. 
 Brate, Abram, xn, 665. 
 TBratesman, Jurian, xii,535. 
 Braun, William, xn, 414. 
 Brazil, xn, 55, 87. 
 Bread and Cheese Island, xn, 648. 
 Bredon, Thomas, Gov. of Nova Scotia, xm, 234. 
 Breen, Daniel, xn, 523. 
 Bremen. Adam, xn, 153. 
 
 Breukelen (Brooklyn, L. L),xn, 60, 99; xm, 102, 124, 
 187, 391. 
 
 Dominie Bloom preaches at, and Midwout, xi n,102. 
 
 minister at, xm, 155. 
 Brewer, Seneca, xn, 647. 
 Brewery, xn, 375, 379, 443. 
 Bridge over Esopus Kil, xm, 86, 91, 98. 
 Bridges, John, xn, 637; xm, 546-7. 
 Bridges, Mrs., xm, 404. 
 Briggs, John, xn, 544, 647, 665. 
 Brightwen, William, xn, 615. 
 Brinckloe, Jno., xn, 647, 657, 665. 
 Brinckloe, William, xn, 649. 
 Brindley, Luke, xn, 615. 
 Briuson, Daniel, xn, 624. 
 Brinson, Darius, xn, 646. 
 Bristol, England, xn, 663. 
 Britton, Lionell, xn, 659. 
 Brittaine, Nathaniel, xm, 443. 
 Broadhead, Mrs. Ann, xm, 430, 438, 443,449, 544. 
 BrniMlM:,.!. Tv.iinl, r,;,! , ,i,i. 4()i, 406 ct Seq. 
 Br.KM ■• . , i-.; . I.;. ; I. Mi>, (.III, 035. 
 Bri" r ill, 536, 537, 540, 545, 
 
 , iiii7, 068, 669; xm, 485, 
 , 507-8. 
 
 xm, 518, 524, 527, 529, 
 548-53, 554-6, 559, 560-0, 569, 571. 
 
 letters to, xn, 662-3; xm, 519, 520, 524, 520, ,537, 
 558. 
 Broen, Thomas, xn, 37, 49, 53, 57, 134, 141 et seq., 
 
 149, 155, 158, 161, 183, 370, 373. 
 Broersen, .Tan, xn, 343; xin,79, 81, 103 et seq., 119, 
 154, 202, 214, 230, 410, et seq. 
 
 494, 498-501, 518, 
 letters from, xn. 
 
 xm,483. 
 
 ISronck, Jonas, xm, 5. 
 Bronck, Pieter, xm, 398. 
 Bronkx River, xni, 20, bridge i 
 
Iiultx. 
 
 589 
 
 Brooklyn, L. I. See Breulrlen. 
 
 Brouudish, John, xlll, G6. 
 
 Biouwer, Phil. Hendr., xiii, 203. 
 
 Browne, Daniel, xii, 499, 545, 5S8 ct ncr/., ( 
 
 Browne, George, xii, 646,609. 
 
 Browno, John, xlli, 395. 
 
 Browne, Mr., xlll, 557. 
 
 Brunei, Lewis, sii, 136. 
 
 Brusten, Mr., xii, 60. 
 
 Bruyas, Father, xiii, 503, 510, 523, 527. 
 
 letter from, xiil, 523. 
 Bruylet in France, xil, 145. 
 Bruyn, Hendrick, xi 11,213. 
 Bruyn, Jan Hendrick, xi 1 1, 390, 397. 
 Bruyn, Jan of Pampoen, xiii, 545. 
 Bruyn, Peter, from Rendsburg, xiii, 154, 
 Bruyn, Thomas, xll, 107, 136, 183. 
 Bryant, Anthony, xii, 304, 560. 
 Buckby, John, xiir, 574. 
 Bucklew, Peter, xiil, 548. 
 Budd, John, xii,624. 
 Budd, Thomas, xii, 650. 
 Burhans (Boerhans, Buirhans), .Jacob, xi 
 
 330, 247. 
 Burhans, Jan, xill, 451. 
 Burhans, John Jacobs, xili, 413. 
 Burlington, N. J., xii, 48, 615, 624, 633, ( 
 Burton, J no., xli, 647. 
 Busaine, Mattys, xii, 140. 
 Buttein (Bottien), Jelli.s, xni, 153. 
 Buttcrficld, the, at Esopus, xiii, 444. 
 i;u:l. :■/, il' Daniel, xill, 414. 
 r,i ' :' lissen, land arantcd to, xi 
 
 111 11.436. 
 
 r.\l:,l,:- [;i-.> ;,, XIII, 24. 
 
 Cabot, Sebastian, xiii, 486. 
 
 Cadera(]iii (Caderrockquo, Caudera(|Ui''). fort near, .x 
 
 Cage, Richard, xiii, 407, 418, 448, 483. 
 
 Calicos, the, xill, 185. 
 
 Calc Berge (Bald Mountains'), xiii, 444. 
 
 Callcoons Hook, xii, 648. 
 
 Calton, XII, 549. 
 
 Calvert, Charles, Governor-General of Miirvland, 
 
 478, 528. 
 Calvert, Philipp, Governor of Jlaryland, xii. 347, 
 
 357, 417, 423, 500. 
 Campanius, John, xii, 38;;, 30. 
 Canada, xil, 48, 131, 543; xiil, 89, 92, 113. 133, 
 305, 511, 524, 531. 
 governor of, xin, 498 ct scq. 
 claims jurisdiction over the Moliawlcs, xi 1 1, 5 
 Mohawks invade, xiii, 38. 
 Canaresse, Indian name for Boomptjcs Hook, xii, 
 Canastagione (Niskaynna), xiii, 572. 
 Caniil, Ermod, xiii, 66. 
 Caniskek (Athens, Greene county), xiii, 397. 
 Cantwell, Edmund, Captain, xii, 496, 500 et seq., 
 et seq., 515 et seq., 518 ct seq., 533, 525, 527, 
 531, 536 ct seq., 542 et seq., 553 el scq., 560 et 
 576-8, 583, 587-8, 592, 594-5, 597, 602. 
 607-8, 611-3, 614, 620, 623, 633, 638, 641-5, 
 651. 
 letters from, xii, 505, 545, 578, 631-3. 
 letters to, xi i, 516, 518, 519, 538, 543, 554, 555, 
 
 Cape Cod, XII, 48. 
 
 Cape Fonda, xii, 48. 
 
 Cape Hcnlopen, xii, 48, 194, 30.5, 215, 221, 331, 414, 
 
 508, 577, 583, 669. 
 Cape Malabar, x 1 1 , 48. 
 Cape May, xii, 346, 650. 
 
 Capito, Mattheus, xii, 351, 431; xiii, 313, 230, 237, 
 246, 259, 267, 274, 319, 336, 341, 347, 351. 
 letters from, xii, 338; xiii, 267. 
 Carcoon's Hook, xil, 483. 
 Cardoso, Isaac, xii, 136. 
 . Anthony, xiii, 104. 
 Gustaf, King of Sweden, xii, 87. 
 
 ... .IM.-..I.. VMI. 44K. 
 
 nil! M iNv.iiaii). Miclmel, XII, 235, 238,243,248, 
 <.)-(•,, ■J'.ll, -ZW.--,. 299, 301, 306, 315. 
 Carolus, Laurentius, xii, 491, 544, 550, 620, 622. See 
 
 Laers, Domine. 
 Carolusen, Hans, xiii, 347, 340. "^ '^i 
 Carr, Andrew, xii, 490, 491, 553, G18, 620, 648. 
 Carr, .John, Captain, xii, 461-2, 464, 466,47:3-7,480, 
 
 485, 488, 490, 493, 497, 501, 506-7, 536-7, 530, 
 531-5, 537^0, 589, 606, 618, 643, 649. 
 
 letter from, xii, 503. 
 
 letters to, xii, 488, 503. 
 Carr, Nath'l, Capt., xii, 574. 
 Carr, Patrick, xil, 493. 
 Carr, Su- Robert, xii, 457, 458, 460. 
 Oarsten, the Nonnan, xiii, 230. . • *..i.v 
 
 Carstensen, Claes, the Norman, xiii, 21. 
 Carstensen, Roeloff, xu, 94. 
 
 Carterett, Sir George, of Saltnim, Proprietor of New 
 Jersey, xii, 568, 579; xiii, 469, 471, 472, 486, 509, 
 541, 543. 
 Carterett, Capt. James, xii, 484, 486, 493; xiil, 461 et 
 seq., 466 et seq. 
 
 letter from, xill, 462. 
 
 letters to, xiii, 461, 466, 467, 468. 
 Carterett, Philipp, Governor of New Jersey, xii, 484, 
 
 486, 519, 524, 526, 545, 649; xiii, 405, 461 et 
 seq., 467, 471, 477, 508, 539-41, 551. 
 
 estate of, in New Jersey, seized by the Dutch, xi 1 1 
 
 477. 
 visit of Gov. Andros to, xlli, 542. 
 letters to, xiil, 535, 538, 548, 550, 563. 
 Cartwright, George, xii, 458-9. 
 Catherwood, Jno., xli, 567. 
 Catskil, XI 1 1, 20, 26, 28, 74, 76, 290. 
 Indian lands at, xui, 481, 573. 
 Catskil Jlountains, xlli, 99. 
 t^aturaxas, French going to, xlll, 500. 
 Cay, Hendrick, xiii, 388. 
 Cedar Neck, xi i, 616, 631, 646. 
 Census of tlic Delaware District, xu, 646. 
 of the New Jersey towns, xiii, 476. 
 (•ha<lock, Tliomas, xiil, 544. 
 Ohaffan, James, xu, 649. 
 
 Chambers, Tliomas, xiii, 69, 73, 79, 81-2, 86-9, 92-7, 
 100-4, 115-6, 120, 122, 128, 154, 164, 166, 178, 
 194, 212-5, 230, 236^1, 245, 247, 249, 251, 256, 
 275, 317-8, 329 et scq., 338, 345, 348-9, 351 ct seq., 
 369, 377, 401, 408, 411, 428, 432 et seq., 436, 446 
 et seq., 451 ct seq.. 459 et seq., 468, 470, 482, 490, 
 498, 504, 506-7, 513, 565. 
 letters to, x m , 484, 566, 569, 571. 
 letters from, xiii, 77, 78, 235, 534. 
 Cluunnis, Edward, xu, 608. 
 
590 
 
 Index. 
 
 Champion, John, xii, 615. 
 
 Chaptanke. Md., xii, 631, 640. 
 
 Charles I of England, xil, 48; xlll, 486. 
 
 Charles II of England, xii, 468; xni, 469. 
 
 letter from, to Capt. Berry, xiii, 469. 
 Phil Carterett, 473. 
 Cliarleston, Mass., xui, 517. 
 Chew, Mr., xii, 539. 
 
 Chiopiessing, xii, 473, 494, 636, 642, 651, G55. 
 Chicheley, Sir Henry, Gov. of Virginia, xiii, 536, 557. 
 Chisam, Robert, xiii, 544. 
 Chriltseme, Del., xii, 648. 
 Christina, Del., xii, 468, Qe-a Fort Christina. 
 Christina kil, XII, 141, 175, 508, 532, 581. See Min- 
 
 quaes Ml. 
 Christina, Queen of Sweden, xii, 73, 412. 
 Christiansen, Paulus, xiii, 153. 
 Christofels, Johannes, xiii, 206. 
 Claerhout, Wah-aef, xii, 433. 
 Claes, the Norman, xiii,|,36, 148. 
 Claes, the Smith, xii, 178. 
 Claesen, Abbe, xii, 191, 193. 
 Claesen, Hendrick, xii, 491. 
 
 Claesen, Jacob, alias DeVrint, xii, 45, 307, 317, 335. 
 Claesen, Jan, xiii, 306. 
 Claesen. Pieter, xii, 491. 
 Claesen, Tjerck (De Witt), xiii, 313, 330. 
 Claessen, Dirck, xii, 164. 
 Claessen, Frederick, x 1 1 1 , 303. 
 Claessen, Valentin, xiii, 153. 
 Claessen, "William, xii, 158, 511. 
 Claiborne, Col., xi 1 1, 146. 
 Claiborne, "William, jr., letter from, to Dir. Stuyvesant, 
 
 XII, 406. 
 Clare, Melgiir, xiii, 544. 
 Clark, "Walter, xiii, 396. 
 Clark, "Wilham, xii, 632, 634, 654, 659. 
 
 letter from, to Gov. Andros, 620, 654. 
 Clarke, Edward, xiii, 547. 
 Clasen, Leendert, xii, 158, 161. 
 Cla.9sen, Dirck, xiii, 333. 
 Classen, Peter, xii, 529. 
 Classen, "William, xii, 143. 
 
 Classis of Amsterdam, Holland, mimices of the, xiii, 
 405, 416. 
 
 letters to, 384, 390, 393, 433. 
 Clauson, Claus, xiii, 414. 
 Clauson, John, xii, 048. 
 Clauson, Peter, xii, 648. 
 Clauson, William, xii, 648. 
 Claverack, xiii, 345, 389, 39G-7, 515. 
 
 farm at, leased, xiii, 180. 
 Clayton, William, sr., xii, 615. 
 Clayton, William, jr., xii, 615. 
 Cleft, Samuel, xii, 624. 
 Clement, Abr., xii, 586, 588, 589, 605 
 Clement, ]\rv=., xii, 624. 
 Clemciii . 11. .1::- 1., XII, 647. 
 Clomniv, Alii.ili.iiii, XII, 545. 
 Clcmunt.r, I 111,., XII, 491. 
 Clentz, (iotll'iiiil, .XIII, 153. 
 Clcrck, Mr., xiii, 381. 
 Cleyn (Kli-yn), Elnicrhuysen, xli, 114, 133, ViZ et seq., 
 
 158, 1(11," \m. eo.-,, 390, 299, 303, 321. 
 Clcyiis,.hini.lt, I\I:irtcn, xll, 282. 
 Clifonl, IIh^,, xii, 065. 
 Clock, Abriihani ."\Iartensen, xlll, 61, 71. 
 Clocck, Coriulis, xii, 443. 
 Cloughkawakanoe Creek, xiii, 400. 
 
 Clute, Johannes, xili, 396, 397. 
 
 Cobes, Ludovicus, Sheriff of Schenectady, xui, 388, 
 
 489, 514, 532. 
 Cock, Erick, xii, 544, 551, 586, 630. 
 Cock (Koch, Kocx), Gerrit, xii, 440, 443. 
 Cock, Jan, xii, 586. 
 Cock, John, xiil, 544. 
 Cock, Lanse, xii, 533, 534, 560, 636. 
 Cock, Lars, xii, 647. 
 
 Cock, Lawrence, xii, 544, 551, 586, 630, 651. 
 Cock, MoiTis, XII, 586. 
 
 Cock, Otto Ernest, xii, 544, 551, 557, 559, 630, 634. 
 Cock, Peter, xiii, 17, 44, 330, 366, 425, 462, 491, 505-6, 
 
 519, 527, 530, 535, 544, 545, 550, 551, 557, 559, 620, 
 
 634. 
 Cock, Peter, jr., xii, 586. 
 Cocksingh, Indian name for a tract of land in Ulster 
 
 Co., XIII, 534, 571. 
 Coddington, Governor, xiii, 493. 
 Coelen (Cool), Cornelis Jansen, xiii, 16, 17. 
 Coen, Adrian Dircksen, xii, 40. 
 Coen, Jacob, xii, 117. 
 Coenratscn, Cornelis, xii, 59. 
 Coerten, Myndert, XI 1 1, 306. 
 Coertscn, Evert, xiii, 333. 
 Coettrier, Hendrick, xii, 429. 
 Coettrier, Jacob, xii, 439. 
 Coffin, Abraham, xii, 545. 
 Cohanzy, xii, 6.50. 
 Cohocksinks Creek, xii, 551. 
 Cohoes, N. Y., xiii, 308. 
 Colard, Wm., xiii, 488, 574. 
 Cole, Samuel, xii, 650. 
 Coleman, Henry, xii, 463, 469, 470, 648. 
 Coleman, Lars, xii, 648. 
 CoUens, Geo., xii, 646. 
 
 Collier, John, Capt, xii, 556, 558, 572, 576, 581, 590, 
 649. 
 letter from, xii, 577. 
 Collissen, John, xii, 589. 
 Collyer, Mr., xiii, 543. 
 Columbia County, xiii, 519, 573. 
 
 Colve, Anthony, Capt., Governor, xii, 507, 509, 513 ; 
 xiii, 473, 476, 535, 543. 
 letter from, to John Ogden, xiii, 477. 
 Comegys, Corn., xii, 337. _ 
 Comunii)aw to be fortified, xiii, 353. See Gcmoenejia. 
 
 526. 
 
 572. 
 
 Ill, suppof 
 ' ^"11. John 
 
 , 156. 
 Capta 
 
 losed s 
 
 :ii, 89, 91, 93, 9.5,99, 
 of, xn, 463, 465, 468, 
 
 Concord, Mass, x 
 Conell, .Tan, xi ii 
 Conev, Tiiliii, xi i 
 Coninck, ■riin,,,;.- 
 Conin-h, Vn-.lrn 
 
 141, ■.';-, MM 
 
 Conill-Hlirilr, C.I 
 
 4C'.t. S.r /;/.,.■, 
 Connc.iiriii, \ii, :,;;?; xiii, 493, 497, 539. 
 Connecticul livur, xii, 39; xiil, 308, 494, 511. 
 Conrad, Sander, xiii, 161. 
 Conradus, Mathias, xil, 471. 
 Consistory of Sweden, XI i, 307. 
 Con.sislnrV of Wiltuyck, XIII, 306, 307, 311. 
 ConstaMr's IliH.k, granted to J. J. Roy, x 
 
 19. 
 
 Content, M.l, XI i, 
 Cooke, Antliunv, x 
 Cooke, Edward", xi 
 Cooper, William, 3 
 Corn, Nicholas, 
 
 19. 
 
 II, 412,418, 448, 451. 
 , 586, 605, 634. 
 I, 646. 
 36. 
 
 Coornel, Thomas, land on Broncks River granted to, 
 
 XIII, 20. 
 
Index. 
 
 591 
 
 Coppenou, Jan, xiii, 79, 341. 
 
 Corbett, Jacob, xiii, oiT. 
 
 Coresen, Claes, xiii, 234. 
 
 Corhold, Powell, xii, 648. 
 
 Coi-laer's Flat, L. L, xiii, 37. 
 
 Corlaer's Hook, xiii, 10. 
 
 Cornells, Jacques, xiii, 253. 
 
 Cornells, Jan, xiii, 233, 234. 
 
 Coraelissen, Genitt, xiii, 200, 440, 507, 544. 
 
 Cornelissen, Hendrick, xiii, 40, 77, 104, lit), 202, 313, 
 
 240. 
 Cornelissen, Isaac, xiii, 231. 
 Cornelissen, Jacques, xiii, 4G5. 
 Cornelissen, Jan, xiii, 410, 414. 
 Cornelissen, Lawsa, xii, 470. 
 Cornelissen, Lourens, skeppel, xii, 185, 187. 
 Cornelissen, Marten, xiii, 253. 
 Cornelissen, Peter, xii, 55, 56, 59. 
 Cornelissen, Tennis, xiir, 200, 253. 
 Cornelius, Harmen, xii, 406, 533, 605, 030. 
 Cornelius, Hendrick, xiii, 406. 
 Cornelius, Jacob, xin, 547. 
 Cornelius, John, xll, 586. 
 Cornell, Richard, xii, 534, 537. 
 Cornelys, Laers, xn, 545. 
 CornhiU's Neck, xiii, 403. 
 Corson, Cornelius, xiii, 547. 
 Corson, Garrett, xill, 547. 
 Corson, Jacob, xiii, 547. 
 Corson, Peter, xiii, 547. 
 Corteljou, Jacques, xii, 133; xiii, 319, 344, 314. .383, 
 
 421, 428, 443tf<sCT/., 458. 
 Cortes, John, xil, 065. 
 Cos, Claes Pieterscu, xiii, 37, 333. 
 Coudrey, Ellas, xn, 580. 
 Coudrey, Josias, xii, 605. 
 
 Courcey, Henry, xn, 301, 310, 313, .315, 355, 4.35; xiii, 
 507, 510, 51G, 530, 555, 558 et seq. 
 agent of Maryland to treat with N. Y. Indians, 
 
 556 et scq. 
 letters from, and Col. Lloyd, 5.57. 
 Courcey, James, xn, 607. 
 Cousseau, Mr., xn, 472. 
 Cousturier, Mr., xn, 357, 434, 447, 449, 466. 
 Couwenhoven, Pietcr, xn, 491. See Woljihertsen, Van 
 
 Couwenfioven. 
 Coventry, Henry, xni, 469. 
 Cowdry, Joseph, xn, 646. 
 Crab, Peter, xn, 649. 
 Crabbe, Jacob, xn, 137, 140 d seq., 149, 158, 177, 181, 
 
 819, 325, 328. 
 Cram Kil, xn, 551. 
 Crane, Robert, xn, G9. 
 
 Crane Hook, Del., xn, 536, 532, 535, 539, 045, 648. 
 Crate, Johan, xn, 283, 289, 392, 395, 303, 310, 333, 
 
 335. 
 Crawford, David, xni, 419, 436. 
 Crawford, James, xn, 490, 493, 543. 
 Cregier, Francis, xn, 223. 321, 331, 359, 375 et seq., 399 
 
 et seq., 410, 42S. 
 Cregier, Martin (Crugor, Cnir'_"'v. <"r',"fn. Captain 
 Lieut., xn, 63, 93, 97, l:'::.', i' ^ : : i 'J 7, 196, 
 200, 203-4, 318, 233, 255, i v - ■ ji;;!, 2G0, 
 
 267, 269, 373, 375, 378, 'J^^r,, j - ~, ;;i-l, ;;il8, 309, 
 310, 316, 335, 343 «« seq., 3(i0, :!ro, 459, .(79, 494, 
 49G, 518, 532, 542, 544, 546, 662; xni, 151, 178, 
 
 268, 272, 278-9, 285 et seq., 293, 299, 302, 311, 
 314, 317, 320, 322, 333, 348, 350, 351, 353, 358, 
 362, 366, 377, 382. 
 
 Cregier, letters from, and Secretary van Ruyven, xn, 
 362,366, 380; xin, 273, 286. 
 
 letters to, xni, 284, 387, 289, 292, 295, 296, 302, 
 304, 333. 
 
 journals of, xin, 3] 4, 333. 
 Creiipcl (Crcspel;, Anthony, xni, 195, 330, 246, 446, 
 448, 506, 544. 
 
 Cifupclbos, , xin, 315. 
 
 Crewcorue (Creckehornc), xll, 645, 650, 658. 
 
 Cripps, Jolin, xn, 015. 
 
 Croeger, Willem, xni, 154, 203. 
 
 Crompton, Thoma.s, xn, 027 et seq., 032, G39 et seq. 
 
 Crooked kill, xn, 191. 
 
 Croon, Dirck Jansen, xin, 88, 109, 110, 122. 
 
 Croon, Peter Claesen, Commissary, xn, 110. 
 
 Crosson, Pierre, xn, 314, 33G; xin, 518. 
 
 Grader's Neck, xn, 574. 
 
 Cruder. Sec Creyia: 
 
 <'iuiu KIIm.w, the, xin, 50G. 
 
 Cniiiip, Cv-^l.rrt, xni, 448, 450. 
 
 Ciump, llruiy, XIII, 448. 
 
 Crumwcll, .lolin, sr., xin, 574. 
 
 CruyfE, Elbert Gerbertsen, xni, 309. 
 
 Crynnen, Jan Cornelissen, laud granted to, xin, 38. 
 
 Curler, Arent, xn, 67; xni, 15. 
 
 letter from, xin, 15. See Van Curler. 
 Curler, name given to the English Governors by the 
 
 Indians, xni, 499. 
 Curtis, Jno., xn, 647. 
 Curtis, Richard, xni, 548. 
 Cuypor's Island, xn, 299. 
 Cuyper, Jan Jansen, xn, 26. 
 
 D. 
 
 D'Albo, Andries, xn, 213. 
 
 Dalbo, Elizabeth, xn, 648. 
 
 Dalboo, John, xn, 586. 
 
 Dalboo, Peter, xn, 544. 
 
 Dalva, Antonio, xin, 351 ct seq., 408 et .wq., 415. 
 
 Damen, Jan Jansen, one of the eight men, xin. 16. 
 
 Dandrada, Salvador, xn, 117. 
 
 Daniel, Maurice, xn, 548, 620, 630. 
 
 Daniel, Walter, xiii, 544. 
 
 Daniels, Jacob, xin, 154. 
 
 Daniels, Johan, xn, 415. 
 
 Danielscn, Jan, xn, 425-G. 
 
 Danskamer (Dancechamber), the, on Hudson's river, 
 
 xin, 333, 352, 572. 
 Dareth, Jan, xni, 168, 264, 265, 271, 274, 278, 283, 326, 
 378, 380, 399. 
 
 journal of, xiil, 380. 
 Darnall, William, xin, 547. 
 Darrall, Mr., xin, 542. 
 Danes, David, xn, 644. 
 Danse, Euan, xn, G65. 
 Davenport, Humphrey, xni, 456. 
 Davids, Christ., xni, 73, 90, 104, 105, 115, 170, 186, 
 222, 247, 265, 287, 289, 331, 338, 433. 
 
 patent to, for land in tlie Esopus, xin, 69. 
 Davids, Judith, xn, 625. 
 Davids, Thos., xn, 625. 
 Davidsen, David, xn, 33, 44,49, 53, 371. 
 Davidsens, Kit, River, xin, 170. 
 Davis, Nicholas, xin, 390. 
 Davis, Thomas, xn, 58G, 605, 62.5. 
 Davit, George, interpreter, xin, 504, 500. 
 Davits, Margaret, xn, 340. 
 Dawson, John, xn, 005. 
 
592 
 
 Index. 
 
 Deacon, George, xn, 608. 
 
 Dead Men's Bones, xiii, 451. 
 
 Deale, xn, 667, 669. See Horehil. 
 
 Dear Point, xii, 647. 
 
 De Boogh, Gen-itt Hendricksen, xn, 387, 401. 
 
 De Caper, Jan, xii, 312, 316, 331, 346, 377, 391, 397, 
 
 404, 405, 413, 415, 433, 451, 479. 
 Decies, Thomas, xn, 62. 
 Decker, Mr., xn, 410. 
 Decker, Jacob Jansen, xin, 544. 
 De Commer, Jacob, surgeon, xn, 381 et scq., 401 et scq., 
 
 423. 
 De Cruso, Thimoty, xn. 111. 
 De Decker, Abr., xn, 111. 
 
 De Decker, Johan, councillor of N. N., xn, 108, 111, 
 310, 213, 348; xni, 80, 186, 206, 214, 231, 231, 
 240, 247, 354, 360, 364, 268, 278, 283, 289, 32G 
 et seq. 
 letters from, xni, 260, 205, 368. 
 letter to, xni, 378. 
 Deerfield, xni, 511. 
 De Forreest, Isaac, xni, 38. 
 Deforest, Madis Lars, xn, 534. 
 De Gardous, Frangois, xin, 153. 
 DeGoyer, Dirck, xin, 114, 153, 213. 
 De Goyer, Eldert, xin, 293. 
 De Goyer, Evert, xni, 545. 
 De Graefif, Dirck, xni, 119. 
 De Graeff, Urbanus, xin, 153. 
 De Groot, Gerrit, xn, 387, 398, 406. 
 De Haes, Annitje, xn, 150. 
 De Haes, Gabriel, xn, 154, 156, 158, 161. 
 De Haes, Johannes, xn, 150, 530, 535, 536, 538, 
 
 560, 561, 563, 589, 606, 634. 
 De Haes, Marietje, xi i, 150. 
 De Haes, Roeloff, xn, 149, 177, 179, 180, 181. 
 De Hinse, Jacob, xn, 177. 
 De Hinson, Jacob, surgeon, sin, 113, 439. 
 DeHit, Willems, xn, 181. 
 De Hooges, Johannes, xin, 544. 
 De Hulter, Johan, xin, 70, 71, 97, 158, 176. 
 De Hulter, Mrs., xin, 86, Qi et seq., 98, 230. See Dc 
 
 Last. 
 De Jager, Cornelis Herperts, xn, 237, 308. 
 De Jonge, Peter, xn, 120. 
 
 De Laet, Johanna (Mrs. de Hulter), xni, 71, 98. 
 Do la Praire, Mr., xn, 486. 
 
 De la Poterie, Governor of Trois Rivieres, xili, 89. 
 Delavall, Thomas, xn, 469, 472, 497, 506, 507, 525, 
 577, 593, 595, 600, 603; xin, 403, 406, 414,445 
 et seq., 452, 466, 468-9, 496-8, 501, 536, dead 565. 
 letters to, from Capt. BrockhoUs, xni, 552, 554. 
 Delaware, the District on the, as a place of exile, xn, 
 20, 131. 
 the duke's laws introduced in, 561. 
 weights and measures in, 578. 
 trade of, xn, 459, 462, 481, 506-7, 564, 506, 573, 
 
 593, 606. 
 privileges granted to the inhabitants of, xn, 
 
 507. 
 defenses of, 4S7, .(03, 501. 
 
 magistral I c^ of, XII. 533, 538, 557-9, 563, 566, 581, 
 5s.-,, r,;i(i, (ins, OIO, 634, 669. 
 letters from, xn, 539, 575, 590, 600. 
 letters to, xn, 518, 566, 581, 585. 
 Delaware bay, xll, 312, 484. 
 Delaware falls, xn, 521, 541, 611, 028, 626, 645. 
 court of, .X n , 646. 
 ferry at, xn, 520. 
 
 Delaware bay, xil, 457, 459, 460 et seq., 463, 467, 469, 
 472, 473, 474, 475, 480, 484, 487, 494, 497, 498, 500, 
 501. 
 
 Delaware, xn, 506, 513, 514, 530, 536, 537, 543, 545, 558, 
 556, 559, 560, 561, 565, 567, 579, 580, 581, 585, 593, 
 593, 594, 597, 610, 611, 613, 616, 617, 630, 639, 636, 
 640, 650, 651, 6G0, 666, 669. 
 
 Delaware, Lord, xiii, 486. 
 
 Delaware riNer, xin, 484. 
 
 De Lesignv, Mr., xni, 537. 
 
 Dc Loper, "Hendrick, xn, 466, 485. 
 
 De Luceua, Abr., xn, 117. 
 
 De Meyer, N. Gapt., xn, 633; xin, 416, 506, 5.36. 
 
 De Muffe, Jacob, xin, 547. 
 
 De Necker, Gillis, xin, 114, 117, 153. 
 
 Denne, John, xn, 544. 
 
 Dennis, Robert, xin, 406. 
 
 Deuny, John, xn, 651. 
 
 Denton, Daniel, xin, 405. 
 
 De Peyster, Joannis, xn, 308. 
 
 De Pruyn, Abr., xn, 341. 
 
 De Raeth, Henrick, Capt., xn, 195, 199, 343. 
 
 Derby, Conn., xni, 21. 
 
 Dercksen, Abel, xin, 153. 
 
 Dericke, Gilbert, xn, 649. 
 
 Dericksen, Gisbert, xn, 471, 589. 
 
 De Ring, Mr., xn, 643. 
 
 De Ringe, Amelius, xn, 636 641. 
 
 De Ringe, Matheus, xn, 641, 649. 
 
 De Ringe, Paulus, xn, 636. 
 
 DeRingh, , xn, 313. 
 
 Deringh, Nic, xn, 334, 341, 354, 428. 
 
 De Ruvter, Admiral, xn, 334. 
 
 De Ruyter, Claes, xn, 57, 63, 63, 126, 363, 413, 419,423. 
 
 De Ruyter, Claes Jansen, Indian interpreter, xiii, 48, 
 86, 99 et seq., 104, 148, 150, 168, 170, 172, 174, 178, 
 301-2, 207. 
 
 De Ruyter. See Ruyter. 
 
 De Ryke, Jan Cornelis, xn, 326. 
 
 De Schilder, Jan, xni, 299. 
 
 De Shaw, John, xn, 647. 
 
 De Sille, Nicasius, Councillor of N. N., xil, 77, 83, 
 91-7, 99, 118, 130-4, 137-8, 144, 165-9, 171-3, 174, 
 184, 193, 195-6, 210, 212, 226, 295-7, 311, 313, 339, 
 388; XIII, 54, 61, 69, 80, 138, 160, 166, 171, 178, 186, 
 206, 314, 221, 240, 243, 347-8, 353, 313, 317, 333, 357-9, 
 377, 388 et stq. 
 
 Dcsjardins, John, Dr., xn, 534-7. 
 
 De Treux, Isaac, xni, 515. 
 
 De Visscr, Jan. xn, fiM. 
 
 De Vogel, M.iitv, XII, lin. 
 
 De Vogehirr, .I.irol,, , i, 4-10. 
 
 De Vos, Hanneii. xiii, 334. 
 
 Devos, Mathiason, Mathias, xn, 586. 
 
 De Vos, Matheus, xn, 170, 340. 
 
 De Vor.s, Peter, Indian interpreter, xni, 531, 523. See 
 
 V.n, Vnrh. 
 
 ; XI 1 1, 6.7. 
 
 See Cldcsen, Jatoh. 
 
 D( 
 1)( 
 1), 
 1). 
 
 
 I) 
 
 I'r 
 
 vi.l Picter!?en, xn 
 .l-rick, XIII, 6. 
 
 jnier, xn, 303. 
 ol,, xn, 350, 337. 
 
 Dt 
 
 AVacI 
 
 .lai 
 
 ol,, xni, 448. 
 
 Dt 
 
 Willi 
 
 ■l\ I 
 
 astian, xni. 253. 
 
 W 
 
 Will 
 
 All 
 
 Iries, XIII, 571. 
 
 I)( 
 
 Will 
 
 01; 
 
 IS XII, 256. 
 
 1), 
 
 Will 
 
 .1:11 
 
 , xn, 340. 
 
 Ik 
 
 Witt 
 
 I'et 
 
 er, xn, 530,555. 
 
 De Witt 
 
 Tjcrck Classen, xin. 
 
 238, 339, 245, 246, 251, 
 
 1, 318, 337, 407, 413, 431, 440, 451. 
 
Index. 
 
 593 
 
 De Wolf. Abel, xiir, 99 c< seq. 
 
 Deyo, Christian, xiii, 500. 
 
 Deyo, Peter, xiii, 506. 
 
 D'Hiiiojossa, Alex, Lieut, xii, IG,'!, 1G5, 204, 218, 237, 
 2:i0, 335, 337-9, 242, 358, 363, 364, 265, 369, 27o! 
 283, 28;i, 386, 387, 389, 290, 292, 293, 294, 295, 
 290, 398, 399, 801, 303, 303, 306, 308, 309, 310,' 
 311, 313, 318, 321, 333, 325, 337, 338, 339, 332, 
 333, 334, 335, 343, 345, 347 et seq., 354, 356, 
 357 et seq., 368, 373, 375 et seq., 384 et seq., 388, 
 B89etseq., 393, 396, 397, 398, 400, 403 et seq.. 
 406, 408, 411 et seq., 416, 431, 433. 427, 434, 437, 
 442, 447, 448, 449, 451, 460. 
 letter from, xii, 380. 
 letter to, xii, 381. 
 
 Dickenson, Walter, xii, 635, 652 et seq. 
 
 Dickerman, Isaac, xiii, 574, 657. 
 
 Dicks, Robert, xii, 544, 573. 
 
 Dihoth, John, xiii,448. 
 
 Dirck, Jan, xiii, 261. 
 
 Dirck, Paulus, from Luxemburg, xiii. 300. 
 
 Dircks, Abel, xiii, 117. 
 
 Dircks, Gysbert, xii, 524. 
 
 Dircksen, Barent, one of the Eight Men, xiii, 10. 
 
 Dircksen, Jan, from Bremen, xui, 30, 09, 388. 
 
 Dircksen, Joris, xiii, 8. 
 
 Dircksen, Lucas, Sergt., xii, 119, 148, 153, 179. 
 
 Dircksen, Peter, xiii, 77, 79, 81, 100, 104, 11.5, 313. 
 
 Dirck, Evertje, xii, 131. 
 
 Directors of the W. I. Company, letters from, to Dir. 
 Stuyvesant, xii, 47, 73, 73, 74, 85, 86, 90, 113, 
 119, 138, 131, 183, 185, 214, 315, 316, 232, 271, 
 287, 336, 333, 359, 407, 424, 437, 434, 440, 443, 
 445; XIII, 31, 33, 36, 37, 33, 34, 35, 63, 70, 73, 
 75, 80, 98, 99, 121, 129, 149, 155, 158, 187, 239. 
 letters to, from Dir. Stuv^esant, xii, 246, 249, 
 254, 388, 304, 317, 326, '332, 347, 373, 389, 408, 
 421, 453, 455; xiii, 100. 107, 110, 123, 130, 162, 
 176, 189, 190, 204, 223. 372, 390. 
 from the Council of N. N., xiii, 181, 390. 
 to the Council of N. K, xii, 88, 90, 91. 
 to Vice-Director Beekman, xii, 443. 
 
 Dirrick, Lichten, xiii, 345, 246. 
 
 Dishaa, Jno., xii, 665. 
 
 Ditarman (Dickerman), Isaac, xiii, 488. 
 
 Doedesen, Meyndert, xii, 197, 300. 
 
 Domenicus, Regnier, xii, 54, 140, 178, 180. 
 
 Dorchester County, Md., xii, 638, 039. 
 
 Dorian, Lambert, xiii, 547. 
 
 Doughty, Elias. xiii, 498. 
 
 Doughty (Douthey), Francis, xiii, 18. 
 
 Douglas, Wm., xii,473. 
 
 Douw. See Jansen, VolcTcert. 
 
 Douwes, Anne, Capt., xii, 94, 103. 
 
 Douwes, Hester, xiii, 246. 
 
 Douwesen, Harmen, xiii, 304. 
 
 Douxen, Paulus, xii, 649. 
 
 Downer, Harman, xiii, 23. 
 
 Do.xy, Ralph, xli, 513. 
 
 Drake, John, xiii, 489. 
 
 Drake, Samuel, xili, 420, 489. 
 
 Drake, Samuel, jr., 489. 
 
 Driessen, Berene, xiii,75. 
 
 Drisius, rev. Samuel, xiii, 59, 391, 303, 405, 120, 423. 
 letters from, to Classis of Amsterdam, xiii 390, 
 , 393. 
 
 Droochetraeder, Herm, xii, 533. 
 
 Drumers Neck, xii, 547. 
 
 Dubois, Abraham, xiii, 507. 
 
 75 
 
 Dubois, Isaac, xiii, 507. 
 
 Dubois, Lewis, xi 1 1, 312, 038, 240, 407 et sen., 448, 430 
 
 506-7, 513, 533, 544, 553, 505-0. 
 Diibrouil, Jlathien, xii, 382 t( xcy., 400. 
 Duck Cnik, xii, 544, 000, 619, 028, 630 et sen . 039 
 
 044, 647, 051, 656, 661, 666. 
 Duke's luw.s, the, xil, 561. 
 Dumont, Walrave, xiii, 253, 312, 351, 407, Wi el sen 
 
 413, 440. ■'■' 
 
 Duncke, William, xii, 648. 
 
 Du Parck, Jan, xii, 315, 339; xlii, 213, 317, 338. 
 Du Pre, John, xli, 586, 605. 
 Durham, Robert, xii, 615. 
 Duteu, Jan, xii, 49. 
 Dux, Paulus, XII, 490. 
 Duyts, Laurens, xm, 5. 
 
 Dyek, Hendrick, xii, 381, 383, 385, 380, 393, 431. 
 Dyckman, Johannes, xiii, 247. 
 Dyre, Capt. Wm., xii, 530, 537, 540, 543, 545, 593, 
 
 594; xiir, 483, 485. 491, 493, 498, 501, 543, 549. 
 
 Eager, Thos., xni, 448. 
 
 Easiueh, part of Ulster Co., so called, xiii, 403. 
 Eastchester, xiii, 420, 422, 441, 501. 
 Assessment Roll of, xiii, 488. 
 contributions of, xm, 432. 
 Court at, xm, 474. 
 Easthampton, L. I., xai, 537. 
 East Jersey, xm, 480. 
 Eaton, Sam, xii, 82. 
 
 Eaton, Theo., Gov. of New Haven, xii, 70, 82. 
 Ebel, Peter, xii, 57, 181; xm, 48, 304, 314, 317, 
 
 323. 
 Ebbiugh, Jeroniraus, xm, 98, 158, 170, 312, 353, 446. 
 Eck, Evert Hendricksen, xii, 533, 534, 535. 
 Eckhoff (Eeckhoft), Jan, xii, 106, 136, 346, 148, 154, 
 
 158, 179, 181-3. 
 Edmonson, John, xii, 578, 031. 
 Edsall, Samuel, xii, 449, 490, 493, 533-5, 541, 570; 
 
 XIII, 370, 359, 494, 497. 
 Edwards, Harmen, xm, 333, 300. 
 Eets, Hendrick, xm, 186. 
 Egbert, Barnard, xii, 535, 543. 
 Egbert, Heindrik, xii, 158. 
 Egbertsen, Barent, xii, 649. 
 Ekeu, Bernard, xil, 490. 
 Elbertsen, Elbert, xili, 45. 
 Elders, Jacob, xii, 207, 218. 
 Eldertsen, Luycas, xii, 53. 
 Elgar, Thomas, xm, 412, 418. 
 Elit, William, xm, 67. 
 
 Elizabethtown, N. J., xii, 486; xm, 405, 473 et seq., 
 539. 
 patent for, by Col. Nichols made void, xm, 471. 
 delegates of N. J. to meet at, xm, 541. 
 Elkinton, George, xii, 015. 
 Ellett, Ch., XII, 647. 
 Elcnburgh, N. .L, xil, 610. 
 Elsenburgh in Sweden, xll, 145. 
 Elstoii, William, xm, 548. 
 Elswort, StalTel, xm, 315. 
 
 Elswyck, Hendrick van, xii, 83, 101, 104, 110-1. 
 Elton, Jan, xm, 507. 
 Ely, Samuel, agent of Massachusetts, xiii, 531, 523, 
 
 525, 528. 
 Emmens, Elias, xii, 135, 137-8, 140, 179. 
 Endicott, John, Gov. of Mass., xil. 30; xm, 234. 
 
594 
 
 I)idex. 
 
 
 ,33. 
 
 281, 
 363, 390, 392. 
 , 52, 63," 242-8, 
 
 English, the, XII, 48, 64, 186, 205, 215, 247, 249, 250, 
 253, 254, 255, 257, 358, 264, 271, 274, 275, 278, 
 280, 306, 316, 337, 338, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 
 349, 375 et seq., 414, 416, 427, 430, 436, 437, 440, 
 443, 449, 510; xiii, 8, 10, 31, 33, 30, 379, 389, 
 393. 
 from Boston, xiii, 234. 
 of Connecticut, xiii, 887. 
 from Hartford, xiii, 101, 107. 
 of Long Isliuid, XII, 99; xiii, 41, 270, 332 
 of New England, XI I, 34, 39, 50, 63, 83, 113; x 
 of Nova Scotia, .\iii, 334, 397. 
 of Virginia, xii, 200, 247. 
 at tlie Newesinghs, xiii, 193, 195, 208, 2S 
 
 311, 314. 
 intrigues witla K N. Indians, xiii 
 in Westcliester, xiii, 36, 63 <;< seq. 
 claims of, on the South river, xi 
 250, 253, 255, 363, 332, 347. 
 English river, xll, 357. 
 Enloos, Abraham, xii, 544, 548. 
 Enloos, Pr., xii, 217, 223. 
 Erclis, Paul, xiil, 74. 
 Ericksen, Ericlt, xii, 470. 
 Ericksen, Jan, xii, 491, 568, 648. 
 Ernest, Otto, xii, 524. 
 Erskin, John, xii, 490, 649. 
 Eskels, Abr., xii, 253. 
 Eskelson, Bartel, xii, 647. 
 Eskelson, Lawsa, xii, 469, 470, 648. 
 Eskelson (Escholsen), Mattys, xii, 490, 649. 
 Espating, N. J., xiii, 479. 
 Esselse, Mathys, xii, 107. 
 
 Bsopus, XII, 216, 255, 367, 370, 397, 301, 305-6, 310, 
 315, 434-6, 438, 463, 513, 543; xiii, 69, 71, 73, 
 76-8, 81, 84, 86, 89, 91, 98, 102-4, 111, 114, 118, 
 124, 135, 154, 158-9, 166, 170, 187, 192, 195, 231, 
 228, 240-2, 245, 256, 272, 280, 283, 286, 291-2, 
 333, 354-5, 383, 385, 438 et seq., 440, 443 et seq., 
 457, 4C.4. V.n;. I'.is, 515, 534, 543, 553^. 
 Indian ikihh' >•(, in. 47. 
 called AViMwu I., XIII, 195; Kingston, 433; Swa- 
 
 nenburgli, 4,S(). 
 boundaries of, xiii, 418. 
 dominies or State-house at, xiii, 429. 
 government of, xiii, 420, 475, by English laws, 
 
 438, 471. 
 new village at, xlli, 330. 
 population of, xiii, 79. 
 taxes, XXII, 311, 470. 
 trade of, xiii, 458, 493. 
 Esopus, Great, xiii, 77. 
 
 Esopuskil, XI 1 1, 99, 304, 333, 334, 340-353, 418. 
 Esopu.s, Little, xiii, 100. 
 Esopus, the. Mutiny, xiii, 406-415. 
 Eues, Thomas, xii, 615. 
 Eues, Witten, xii, 493. 
 Eustace, John, xii, 491, 648. 
 Eustasen, James, xii, 630. 
 Eustason, Urmus, xii, 648. 
 Evans, Mr., xii, 68. 
 Eversen, Arent, schoolmaster, x 1 1 , 423. 
 Eversen, Cornelis, jr., xii, 507. 
 Evert, Mr., xii, 318. 
 Evert, the cooper, xiil, 538. 
 Evert, the precentor, xll, 290. 
 Evert, the fin, xii, 470. 
 Evertsen, Cornelis, jr., xiil, 473, 476. 
 Evertsen, Trientje, "xl 1 1, 331. 
 
 Eyfgrauw (Ifgrouw), Ele, xi 
 Eymans, Johannes, xii, 153, 
 
 Fabricius, Rev. Jacob, xii, 466 7^, 473, 512,521, 529, 
 
 531, 532, 534, 535, 537, 538, 539, 540. 
 Factor, Cornelis M., xii, 376, 381, 385, 391, 399. 
 Faen, Jacob, xii, 548. 
 Farington, Thomas, xiii, 488, 574. 
 Farling, Henry, xiii, 419. 
 Fen, Benjamin, xii, 83 n. ; xiii, 308, 210. 
 Feudal, Josias, Governor of Maryland, xii, 248, 253, 
 
 361, 330, 333. 
 Fenix, Sander, xii, 179. 
 Feuwyck, John, Major, xii, 543, 545, 559, 561, 565, 566, 
 
 568, 579, 592, 594, 595, 597, 598, 599, 600, 602, 606, 
 
 609, 610. 
 Ferch, Michael, xiii, 117. 
 Ferguson, Humphrey, xiii, 409 et seq., 414. 
 Ferris, John, xiii, 574. 
 Ferry between Bergen and the Manhattans, xi 
 
 J14, 
 
 Field, Samuel, xii, 646, 659. 
 
 Finances of N. N., xiii, 372. 
 
 Finchard, Cornelius, xiii, 413. 
 
 Finehold, Corn, xiii, 448. 
 
 Finland, Penn., xii, 109, 191. 
 
 Fins, XII, 105, 136, 130, 169, 387, 298-301, 306-8, 
 
 336, 345, 350, 384, 406, 436, 451, 463-4, 508, 533, 
 
 536, 539. 
 Firis, John, xiii, 488. 
 Fish, Gasper, xii, 544, 549, 551, 630. 
 Fisher, William, xiii, 407 et seq., 414, 418, 436, 448, 
 
 450, 544. 
 Fishkill, Dutchess county, xiii, 569. 
 Fiske, Jasper, xii, 586. 
 Fitzgerald, John, xiii, 547. 
 Flamman, Jan, Captain, xii, 97, 137, liO et seq., 14C«« 
 
 seq., 195, 301. 
 Flatbush, L. I. See Midwout. 
 Flatlands, L. I. See Amersfoort. 
 Flayle, Thomas, xii, 648. 
 Fletcher, Mr., xii, 499. 
 
 Flipsen, Frederick, xiii, 76. B&B PUlipps. 
 Florissen, Joris, xii, 406, 409, 410, 413. 
 Floyd, Charles, xii, 490. 
 Flushing, xlli, 431. See Vlissingen. 
 Ford, Wm., xii, 544. 
 Fordham, xiii, 459, 493. 
 bridge at, xi 1 1, 441. 
 
 manorial court to be held at, xiii, 471, 483. 
 Forgason, John, xiii, 488. 
 Foro-asi.n. Ji.liii. sr., xill, 574. 
 Foi-vi-^nn. .I.ilin, jr., xIII, 574. 
 Forckrii il'.Hkrii, Foker), Gerritt, xiii, 312,407 etseq., 
 
 41:!, 4t.-., It'.i. 
 Fort, about twenty leagues north of Albany, proposed, 
 
 XIII, 35. 
 Fort Albany, xiii, 395, 397, 399. 
 Fort Altciiii, XII, 175, 183, 198, 203, 204, 311, 313, 320, 
 2Ji; r, J II, 256, 307, 316, 446; xlii, 223. 
 
 r.ni.liti !, XII, 299, 307, 439. 
 
 Fort lirvcrsirr.lr, .Nil, 38, 43, 45, 46. 
 Fort Casimir, xi i, 73, 75-7, 82, 85, 98, 100-2, 115, 119, 
 123, 138, 139-40, 145, 151, 166-7, 170, 173, 175, 
 117 etseq., 197, 305. 
 called New Amstel, xii, 132. 
 condition of, xil, 135. 
 
Index. 
 
 595 
 
 Fort Casimir, Indian name of, xii, KK!. 
 inhabitants of, xii, 158. 
 (New Castle, Del.) 
 Fort Christina, xii, 28 (note), 2i), i)0, 98, 100-3, 104, 
 106-7, 109, 119, 122. ITS, 175, 188, 193, 307, 253, 
 314, 423, 441, 445. 
 called Altena, xll, 132. 
 (Wilmington, Del.) 
 Port Elsenburgli, xii, 29, 101. 
 Fort James, xll, 458-9, 463, 482; xiil, 395. 
 Fort Nassau, Fort Orange so called, xi n, 479. 
 Fort Nassau, on the Delaware, xi i, 26, 28 (note), 33, 39, 
 41-3, 53, 56, 370 et scq. 
 demolished, 73. 
 Fort New-Amstel, xii, 174. 
 Fort on the Sandhook, xii, 105. 
 
 (Fort Casimir.) 
 Fort Orange, XII, 48, 55, 64, 108, 117, 190, 199-301, 
 308, 337, 355, 873; xiii, 31, 23, 36, 39, 72, 77, 
 79, 83, 86, 88, 90, 95, 98, 101, 105, 107, 114, 131, 
 163, 168, 170, 175, 178, 188, 190-1, 193, 203, 315, 
 219, 223-4, 244, 250, 254, 272, 275, 277 et aeg., 
 282-8, 294, 296-7, 299, 303, 317, 324, 330 et seq., 
 345, 348 et seq., 855, 368, 378, 383, 388 et seq., 390. 
 bricks from, xii, 236. 
 called Fort Nassau, xiii, 479. 
 Canada Indians to be encouraged to come to, xii i, 
 
 35. 
 condition of, xiii, 258, 303, 309. 
 conferences with Indians at, xi 1 1, 72, 93, 108. Sec 
 Albany, New-Alhany, Willemstadt. 
 Fort William Henry, xil, 508, 509 ct seq. 
 Fourloung, Edw., xii, 586, 605. 
 Fowlebeard, Hen., xiii, 409. 
 Fowler (Fouler), Joseph, xiii, 41. 
 FoxUall, XIII, 448. 
 
 erected into a manor, 468. 
 France, Hubertus, xii, 580. 
 Francis, OUe, xii, 048. 
 Francis, Robert, xii, 544, G65. 
 Franyon, Arian, xiii, 448. 
 Franien, Oloff, xti, 107. 
 Fransen, Dirck, xli, 584. 
 Fransen, Hinricli, xil, 529. 
 Fransen, die, xii, 470. 
 Frazer, Robert, xii, 605. 
 
 French, the, of Canada, xii, 99; xiii, 109, 13.?, 176 
 205, 235, 483, 519. 
 on Staten-Island, xlii, 301, 567. 
 prisoners among the Mohawks, xili, 15, 113. 
 Mohawks at peace with the, xiii, 23. 
 Mohawks at war with the, xl 1 1, 28. 
 
 mu.st redeem their own prisoners, id. 
 the Mohawks promise assistance against the, x ii i 
 
 479. 
 menacing English Indians, xill, 484. 
 receive North Indians into their jirotection, xiii 
 
 497. 
 reported as meditating an invasion, xi 1 1, 498. 
 French fort cut ofi by Mohawks and Senccas, xi n, 175 
 Fredericks, Thomas, xiii, 234. 
 Fredericksen, Wm., xiii, 9. 
 Fredricks, Herman, xii, 492. 
 Predricks, Michael, xiii, 549. 
 Freeman, Francis, xiii, A07 et seq. 
 French, Edward, xiii, 414, 418, 448, 451. 
 Frere, Bugi, xiii, 507. 
 Fresh Kill, S. I., xiii, 518, 547-8. 
 Fresh river, the, xiil, 58, 150, 381, 387. 
 
 Freshwater river, xii, 48. 
 Frontenac, Comte de, xiii, 524, 537. 
 Frnuii-i'ii, Simon, xii, 665. 
 
 I-'i'mIi \ i ill, iiiiirk, place on Iludson'.s river, xill, 505. 
 V'r 1-, XII, 195, 205, 211, 215, 238, 247, 250, 
 
 - : ;. 301, 310, 312, 331, 346, 406, 414, 416, 
 1^:, 1 .11, i:.:;, 503. 
 
 Fur trade, importance of, xili, 37. 
 Futrhcr, William, xii, 638. 
 Fiiyck, the, xiii, 231. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gabry, Timotliy, xii, 311; xiii, 416. 
 
 Galdert, William, xiii, 315. 
 
 Gansevoort, Harmen Harmensen, xiii, 78. 
 
 Gardener, Henry, xlli, 488, 574. 
 
 Gardenier, Jacob Jansen, xiii, 506. 
 
 Gardiner's Island, xii, 323. 
 
 Gardner, Thomas, Capt., xiii, 224, 226, 227. 
 
 Garland, Susan, sii, 624. 
 
 Garret, Carl, xiii, 153. 
 
 Garrett, Evert, xii, 649. 
 
 Garrett, George, xiii, 548. 
 
 Garretson, Arson, xiii, 544. 
 
 Garretson, Derrick, xiii, 488, 574. 
 
 Garretson, John, xii, 649. 
 
 Garretson, Martin, xii, 556. 
 
 Garton, Thomas, xili, 544. 
 
 Garton, M., xi ii, 544. 
 
 Gegout, , XII, 476. Sec Jejou. 
 
 Gemoenepaw, xii, 252; xill, 36-7, 171, 233-4, 2 
 
 268, 382, 350 {Communipaw, N. J.) 
 Gemoenepaw Kil, xiii, 32. 
 Gerardy, Johannes, xii, 54. 
 Gerraert, Philipp, xii, 30. 
 Gerret, Jan, xii, 149. 
 Gerrett, Mars, xii, 490. 
 Gerritscn, Albert, xiii, 230, 247. 
 Gerritsen, Adrian, xiii, 88, 92, 110, 316, 482. 
 Gerritsen, Arian, xiii, 246, 414. 
 Gerritsen, Barent, xlli, 213, 230, 236, 245. 
 Gerritsen, Dirck, xili, 233, 234. 
 Gerritsen, Evert, xil, 490-1; xlii, 271. 
 (ic-rritsen, Gerrit, xiii, 331, 233, 3.53, 368, 294. 
 Gerritsen, Goose, xi 1 1, 243, 264, 266, 304, 387, 417, 
 Gerritsen, Harmen, xill, 544. 
 Gerritsen, Hendrick, xiii, 398. 
 Gerritsen, Jan, xii, 178, 181; xiii, 202, 243, 246. 
 Gerritsen, Jan, from Oldenburg, xlii, 220. 
 Gerritsen, Martin, xiii, 504, 507, 530-1, 545, 561. 
 Gerritsen, Olfert (Wolfert), xili, 33. 
 Gerritsen, Reymck, xli, 143. 
 (irrritsen, Wcssel, xll, 95. 
 (icrritsen's Bay, xll, 323. 
 Gertsen, Martin, xii, 534. 
 Getes, John, xii, 665. 
 Gibbons, Ric, xiii, 396, 398. 
 Giker, Hoye, xil, 410. 
 (4ill.eri, Isaiiili, xiii, 66. 
 Gill.crf, .M.Htliew, xiIl, 208. 
 (Jiilicrt, OlMidiah, XIII, 66. 
 Gillengrcy (Guldengreis, Gulengreyn), Elias, xll, 
 
 141, 143, 151 
 Gillcs, James, xni, 547. 
 
 GiUis, , XII, 167. 
 
 Gillman, Charles, xiii, 406. 
 Ginby, .lohn, xiii, 488. 
 
596 
 
 Index. 
 
 Gisbert, Gcrrit, xiii, 544. 
 
 Glcu, Sander Leeudertseu, xil, 63; xiii, 333, 3(i7, 405, 
 
 489, 500. See LeenderUm, Sander. 
 Glocester, xii, 544. 
 Glover, John, xii, m& et seq., GG5. 
 Goden, John, xiii, 489. 
 Goden, Samuel, xiii, 489. 
 Goebertsen, Albert, xiii, 104. 
 Goefers, Albert, xiii, 154. 
 Goosey, Jafetl), xii, 665. 
 Goldinge, Wm., xiii, 395, 396. 
 
 Goldsmith, , xii, 630. 
 
 Goodyear, Stephen, Dep. Gov., xii, 83. 
 
 Gorsuch, Richard, xii, 506. 
 
 Gottenburg in Sweden, xii, 110. 
 
 Gouldsberry, Robert, xiii, 433, 448. 
 
 Gouldsmid, Mr., xii, 355, 433. 
 
 Governor's Island. See Noten Island. 
 
 Govertseu, Albert, xiii, 314. 
 
 Gowersen, Albert, xiii, 544. 
 
 GraaS, Dirck Hendricksen, xlii, 81. 
 
 Graeffs, Jan, xiii, 154. 
 
 Graevenraet (Greveraet), Isaac, schout of Esopus, xlii, 
 
 401, 416, 458, 470, 483. 
 Graham, James, x 1 1 1 , 543, 547. 
 
 Grain, xii, 63, 64, 134, 168, 186, 194, 303, 304, 300, 
 333, 336, 344, 393, 354, 418, 481, 663; xiii, 313. 
 at the Esopus; xiii, 77, 154. 
 Graveseud, L. I., xii, 51; xiii, 39-41, 43, 47, 370, 356, 
 
 358, 393, 396, 398, 416, 567. 
 Gray, John, xi ii, 67. 
 Gray, Samuel, xii, 638. 
 Gray, William, xiii, 544. 
 Great Mohawk Flat, xili, 344. 
 Great Plain, S. I., xiii, 547. 
 
 Great Plot, the, at the Esopus, xiir, 333, 348, 353. 
 Gregory, John, xiii, 316, 321. 
 Greenbush, Rensselaer county, N. Y., xiii, 156. 
 
 fort at, 364. 
 Greene, William, xii, 647. 
 
 Greene county, Indian deed for land in, xiii, 483. 
 Greenland, Captain, xiii, 543. 
 Greenwich, Coun , xin, 34, 495. 
 Greyn (Grien, Gryne), Otto, xir, 126, 135, 143, 157. 
 Griffin, Richard, xii, 665. 
 Griffith, Mr., xiii, 535. 
 Grilsaw, John, xii, 647. 
 Groenenbergh, Coustantinus, xii, 106, 139 rf sc^., 148, 
 
 154-5, 158, 177. 
 Groenendyke, Peter, xii, 532, 571, 582. 
 Groeningen on the Delaware, xii, 544, 547. 
 Groome, Samuel, letter to, xiii, 570. 
 Grotenhuysen, Sheriff, xii, 322. 
 Grover, James, xiii, 370, 315, 395-6. 
 Groves, Philipp, xiu, 331. 
 Groves, Thomas, xii, 647, 665. 
 Guggine, Major, xiii, 530. 
 Guilyck, xiii, 154. 
 Guldengrys. See Gillengrey. 
 Gun, Deacon Jasper, xlii, 308, 210. 
 Gundey, Charles, xii, 639, 639. 
 Guneson, Arian, xm, 411. 
 Guy, Richard, xii, 608, 610, 635. 
 Gybbinks, Sergeant, xm, 315. 
 
 Gylart, , xm, 75. 
 
 Gysbert, Merten, xm, 330. 
 
 Gysbertsen, Albert, xm, 212, 330, 336, 338-9, 251, 
 
 356, 318. 
 Gysbertsen, Fred., xii, 429. 
 
 Gysbertsen, Gysbert, xm, 313. 
 Gysbertsen, Lubbert, xm, 37. 
 
 H. 
 
 484. 
 
 315, 304, 429 
 
 Hack, Dr., xii, 343. 
 
 Hackensack, xii, 313, 315; xm, 147, 361, 294,331 
 
 323, 361, 386. See Achkinkesachj. 
 Hackister, John, xii, 638. 
 Hadley, Mass., xm, 381, 511, 531-3, 528. 
 Hadly, Joseijh, xm, 574. 
 Hadson, Rev. Warner, xm, 384. 
 Haen, Dirck Cornelissen, xii, 184. 
 Haersimons. See Ahasimus. 
 Haesbroocq, Abraham, xm, 500, 565. 
 Hagell, Jan, xm, 371. 
 Halfmoon, the, xm, 387, 508, 531. 
 Halfway Ground, xm, 438. 
 
 Hall, George, xm, 401, Ad^ et scq., 415, 418, 448, 451, 
 482, 489, 498, 506-7, 513. 
 letter to, from Secretary Nicolls 
 Hall, .lohn, xm, 544. 
 Hall, Thomas, xii, 233, 226; xm, 
 
 et seg., 444, 446. 
 Halle, Richard, xm, 547. 
 Ham, Conrad, xm, 153. 
 Haman, Jan, xii, 158. 
 Hambleton, Mr., xm, 539. 
 Hamel, D. V., Secretary," xm, 156. 
 Hamcl's Neck, xm, 3. 
 Hamelton, Jan, xm, 303. 
 Hamer, Richard, xm, 407 et seq., 415. 
 Hamilton, William, xii, 578. 
 Hancock, Richard, xii, 569, 608, 635. 
 Hand, Juriau, from Poland, xii, 153. 
 Hand wick, Jan, xii, 490. 
 Hanouw, Jurian, from Poland, xii, 137. 
 Hans the Norman, xm, 346. 
 Hansen, Andries, xm, 153. 
 Hansen, Gcrtrey, xm, 230. 
 Hansen, Harman, xu, 134. 
 Hansen, Lawreus, xii, 137, 160, 193. 
 Hansen, Michiel, xii, 99. 
 Hanson, Matys, xii, 311, 366, 435. 
 Hanseson, Hans, xii, 649. 
 Hansjen, Cleyn, xii, 411. 
 Hap, Jacob, xm, 178, 313, 315, 230. 
 Hap, Jacob, widow of, xm, 446. 
 Hap, Jacob Janscn, xm, 82, 94-5, 115. 
 Hap, William Jaiisin. xm, 245. 
 Harboken. Sr.' y/.. /.../. «. 
 Harcke, Willi..ni. mm. :.1I. 
 Hardenbrooek, Adolj)]), xm, 334. 
 
 Harder, Pietcr Pietersen, xil, 881, 393, 396, 401 st eeq. 
 Harding, Thomas, xu, 615. 
 
 Harlem, xii, 355; 
 
 \-m, 459, 518, 
 
 538. 
 
 
 Harlem r 
 
 vcr, XIII 
 
 \m. 
 
 
 
 Hani,:,,,, 
 
 M:„v,l>, X 
 
 1 l.",:' 
 
 
 
 Han„:.„- 
 
 ,,. Kiv.1,'1 
 
 ,k, .■:„iet, XII, 
 
 134. 
 
 
 Hani, :,,,-, 
 
 ,,. .1..,,. IV 
 
 ,1,1 Li'inmet, xi 
 
 II, 13. 
 
 
 Han,,,.,. 
 
 M. ,,.-,■. \i 
 
 I, 620. 
 
 
 
 Han.,,,,. 
 
 ( l.-i-V. \ 
 
 I, 630. 
 
 
 
 Han,.,n.. 
 
 l>,i.,U,'. X 
 
 111,333,334. 
 
 
 
 Harm,..-. 
 
 l-U,,.. M 
 
 11, 252. 
 
 
 
 Harm, .,^, 
 Ham„',.M 
 
 .,. I!:,,v,,t. 
 .,, M:,llill 
 
 xm, 331, 346 
 xm, 346. 
 
 
 
 Harm.n.M 
 
 n, Pi,'l,T. 
 
 XI I, 36, 38, 44 
 
 49, 180, 
 
 371 
 
 larmensc 
 
 11, Thoma 
 
 , xm, 414. 
 
 
 
 Harmons, 
 
 John, XI 
 
 , 471. 
 
 
 
Index. 
 
 597 
 
 Hannsen, Marcvis, xiii, 153. 
 
 Harmsen, Martin, xili, 95, 15;j, 203, 213, 314. 
 
 Harris, John, xiii, 507. 
 
 Harrison, town of, Westchester countv, xiii, 403. 
 
 Hart, Robert, xii, 640. 
 
 Hart, Robert, jr., xii, 586, 005. 
 
 Harte, Daniel, xii, 544. 
 
 Hartford, Conn., xil, 70; xiil, 3S, (U), 04, 101. ;i45, 
 
 516, 523, 528. 
 Hartgers, Peter, xiii, 88, 02. 
 Hartop, John, xii, 549. 
 Hartshorne, Richard, xiii, 539. 
 Harwood, Thomas, xii, 586, 623. 
 Hasanemesett, xiii, 513—1. 
 Hasselt, Peter, xiii, 371. 
 Hastcoren, Franz Barentz, xiii, 310. 
 Hatfield, Mass., xiii, 511, 514. 
 Haverelle, xiii, 406. 
 Haverstraw (Havcrstroo), xlli, 84, 147, 107, 303, 373, 
 
 375, 386. See Rumaclicnanl-. 
 Hawthorn, William, Major-Genoral, at Fort Orange, 
 
 XIII, 101. 
 Hayden, William, xiii, 489. 
 flaye, Jno., xii, 665. 
 Haym, Conrad, xiii, 303. 
 Heady, John, xiii, 493. 
 Heathcote, George, xii, 570; xlii, 485. 
 Hedge, Samuel, xii, 592, 608. 
 Hedly, Richard, xiu, 489. 
 Hedyer, John, xiii, 441. 
 
 Heermans, Augustine, xii, 68, 67, 70-1, 93, 259, 261-3, 
 365, 288, 301, 305, 310, 312, 843, 345, 406, 414, 
 416, 433, 448, 481, 503, 553-4; xiii, 147. 
 letters from, xii, 337, 555. 
 Heermans, Caspar, xii, 511, 517, 549, 586. 
 Heermans, Ephraim, xii,511,573, .575-6, 581, 584, 586, 
 590, 593, 595, 599, OOO, 008, 011-2, 619, 030, 
 
 letters from, xii, 641. 663, 603. 
 Heiffer, Thomas, x 1 1 , 647, 665. 
 Hellegat, xii, 323; xiii, 27,48. 
 Hellekas, Jacob, xiii, 40. 
 Helm, Israel, xii, 462, 474, 490, 506, 519, 523^, 537, 
 
 557, 559, 561, 572, 586, 591, 633-4, 630, 648. 
 Helm, Juriau, xiii, 165, 350. 
 Helmsly, Joseph, xii, 570, 585, 635. 
 Helyard, John, xiii, 489. 
 Hemmes, Brandt, xii, 393. 
 
 Hempstead, L. I. (Herastede), xii, 217; xiii, 39, 270. 
 Henderson, Evert, the Fin, xi i, 439, 435. 
 
 (Iver, the Fin.) 
 Hendrick, Adrian, xiii, 234. 
 Hendrick, Hermen, of Deventey, xii, 430. 
 Hendrick, the Rider, xiii, 202. 
 Hendrick, from Utrecht, xiii, 301. 
 Hendricks, Dirck, xiii, 153, 407, 414. 
 Hendricks, Jochem, xiii, 153. 
 Hendricks, Johannes, xii, 353, 492. 
 Hendricks, John, xiii, 414, 448. 
 Hendricks, Harmen, xiii, 195, 402, ^^~ etseq. 
 Hendricks, Roloff, xiii, 414, 507. 
 Hendricks, Ryck, xiii, 206. 
 Hendricksen, Bertie, xii, 470. 
 Hendricksen, Dirck, xiii, 78, 104. 
 Hendricksen, Evert, xii, 470. 
 Hendricksen, Geert, xiii, 98. 
 Hendricksen, Hai-men, xiii, 115, 330. 
 Plendricksen, Harmen, cadet, xii, 388 ct seq. 
 Hendricksen, Herman, from Deventer, xi i,381 ei se;i7.,405. 
 
 I, 33. 
 
 nciulri.'ksoii, Jacob, soldier, 3 
 
 llrn.lrirk-.,.,,, .1:,,., xIII, 339. 
 
 11(11. hi, Kmm, .Inn, of Marcus Kil, xii, 471. 
 
 Ilciiihiiksiii, .l:m, from Struckhousen, xii, 178. 
 
 Ilrn(lii,ks,.|i, riiil, XIII, 253. 
 
 IbiKlricksoii, Bernard, xii, .548. 
 
 llcndricksnii, .John, xll, 544, 547, C48; xiii, 547. 
 
 Ili'iidrickson. I'eter, xil, 620. 
 
 Ihiidiix. Ilciidrick, XIII, 312. 
 
 lliiHlivck, Ihirmans, of Bielefeld, Corporal, xii, 134, 
 
 151, 'l.-,!, ir,S. 
 Ilenerics, John, xll, 470. 
 Ilcurichsen, Dirck, xiii, 104, 117. 
 Honrickson, Hendrick, xiil, 544. 
 Ilonricsen, Bravort, xii, 491. 
 Iliiirv. .I.ilin. XII, 471, 490; xiri, 41S. 
 Ilrniv Vll. King of England, xiii, ISO. 
 llrrasiiuis, .Jaii^ xtl, 345. 
 llerbcrtsen, Andries, XIII, 109, 110, 123, 193-3, 219, 
 
 244. 
 Ilcrbi'rtsen, Elbert, xlli, 345. 
 llrnlrr, Peter Pictersen, xii, 353. 
 II, rnumsrn, Peter, XII, 160. 
 Ilciiiiiiis. Marges, xill, 117. 
 11, Till, iw. Pi,tur, XII, 180. 
 Wrnxx^vn, liirent, XIII, 115, 117, 119. 
 11, rii>,,iis, I'cter, xll, 615. 
 11, V. Fran,, .is, xiII, 153. 
 11,-yiaaiis, Albert, XIII, 213, 330, 339, 340, 311, 318, 
 
 351, 414, 436, 445 etseq., 448,450, 400. 
 Heymensen, Albert. See Moose. 
 Heyn, Jan, xi i, 65. 
 Higgins, Thomas, xiii. 11.5, 117. 
 Highlands, the, xiii, 29, 147, 354, 363, 503, 554. 
 Hill, Nicholas, xiii, 66. 
 Hill, Richard, xii, 586, 605; xiil, 5.55. 559. 
 Hill, Thos., XII, 665. 
 Hill, William, xiii, 406. 
 Hillebrantsen, Peter, xlll, 118, 120, 313, 321, 407, 413, 
 
 544. 
 Hillyard, .John, xil, 600-1, 647, 60.5, 668. 
 Hinks, Mathews. Sec Coningsmaix. 
 Ilinssendorp, Corn., xiii, 202. 
 llitchcocks, John, xiii, 488. 
 Hobbert (Hubbard), xlll, 315. 
 Hoboken (Harboken, Hobockan, IIobokan-Hacking), 
 
 XII. 98; XIII, 1, 3, 67, 299, 305. 
 Hodges, Barnard, xii, 652, 657. 
 Ilocmoett, Marcus, xlll, 154. 
 Ilofmau, Martin, xill, 114, 117. 
 Hog Creek, xii, 610. 
 llogelandt, Cornelis, xiii, 154, 190. 
 llogbbome, Corn., xlll, 413. 
 Hog's Neck, L. I. See GerrUsens Bay. 
 Holies, Jo., XIII, 487. 
 HoUingworth, William, xii, 343. 
 Holmes, Obadiah, xili, 396. 
 Hoist, Bareut. x i ii , 366. 
 Holsten, Barnard, xlll, 414. 
 Holsten, Mathias, xii, 648. 
 Holt, Jo., XI 1 1, 487. 
 
 H,.niimli, Dirck Cornelissen, xll, 184, 187, 208. 
 ll,„.,lii<vlini;li, .bm Willemsen, xiil, 300. 
 II,.,,lnian, Hans, xil, 470. 
 Il,i,,fiiiaii, Martin, xll, 494. 
 n,".g,lj,"iiii. :\Icnis, XIII, 534. 
 II,.,,g,'iilMiigli, Engel Cornelissen, xii, 137. 
 
 lloorn, Jleyndert Jansen, xii, 443. 
 
598 
 
 Index. 
 
 Hosack (Hoosick), xill, 380, 528. 
 
 Hopkins, Mr., secretary for the N. J. towns, .xiii, 406, 
 
 475, 478, 543. 
 Hopman, Hans, xii, 133, 135 et siq., 151, 471, 544, 547, 
 
 648. 
 Hopp, Jacob, XIII, 446. 
 
 Horekil (Deale, Del., Sikonesse), xii, 201, 215, 331, 229, 
 235, 237, 243-3, 254, 373-4, 383, 385, 391, 315, 
 331, 331, 334, 344, 363, 414, 416, 436, 450, 459, 
 473, 475, 479, 481, 484, 496-7, 499-501, 503, 505- 
 8, 511, 513, 515-6, 533, 524, 537, 542, 544, 545, 
 546, 556, 559, 561, 562, 571, 576, 578, 585, 587, 
 588, 589, 594, 600, 601, 604, 609, 612, 616, 620, 
 622-3, 631, 634, 635, 652, 657, 659, 664, 669. 
 magistrates at, letter from, xii, 654. 
 Hornbeck, Wardener, xiii, 448. 
 Hornet, Edward, xiii, 574. 
 Horton, Joseph, xiii, 403. 
 Horton, Wilham, xiii, 409, 448 et seq. 
 Hoskin, Rolf, xii, 646. 
 Hoskins, Robert, xii, 624. 
 Houghton, William, xiii, 418. 
 Howard, Thomas, xii, 638. 
 Hoyle, John, xiii, 487. 
 Hoyt, John, xiii, 489. 
 Hoyt, Moses, xiii, 489. 
 Hubbard, Mr., xiii, 404. 
 Hubbert, Edward, xiii, 574. 
 Hubertson, Arient, xiii, 411, 414. 
 Hubertson (Huybertson), Lambert, xlli, 413, 544. 
 Hudde, Andries, xii, 31, 33-4, 41-6, 53, 68, 83, 114, 
 133, 135 et seq., 138-9, 158, 160-2, 168, 170, 175, 
 178, 183, 192-3, 307, 218, 383, 386, 388, 393, 298, 
 399, 301, 302, 310, 313, 314, 315, 335, 345, 353, 
 366, 371, 383, 386, 388, 391, 430, 432-3, 435, 439. 
 dead, 446; xiii, 27. 
 
 secretary and surveyor at the South river, 115. 
 letters from, 33, 36, 38, 370, 374, 430. 
 Hudson, Henry, xiii, 486. 
 Hudson's river, xiii, 515, 554, 572. 
 
 traffic on, 503, 534. {Groote river.) 
 Huested, Robt., xiii, 488, 574. 
 Huggens, Thomas, xiii, 188. 
 Hulard, Ward, xiii, 488. 
 Hulke, John, XII, 649. 
 HuUengreen, Elias, xll, 412. 
 Hulst, Laurens, xii, 527. 
 Hulter, Mrs., xll, 196. 
 Humphreys, Alex., xii, 647, 665. 
 Hunt, John, xi*i, 488, 574. 
 Hunt, Joseph, xiii, 488, 574. 
 Hunt, Josiah, xiii, 488, 574. 
 Hunt, Thomas, sr., xiii, 488, 574. 
 Hunt, Thomas, jr., xiii, 488, 574. 
 Huntington, xiii, 194. 
 
 Hurley, xili, 241 (note), 429, 443 et seq., 446, 459, 475, 
 482, 495, 507, 512, 571. 
 boundaries of, xi 1 1, 443 et seq. 
 order for the settling of, xiii, 435. 
 Huss. See Huys. 
 Hussey, Frederick, xiii, 411, 414, 418, 436, 448 
 
 450. 
 Hutchins, Charles, xii, 492. 
 Hutchinson's, xlii, 404. 
 
 Hutchinson, Ralph, xii, 524, 525, 617, 641-2. 
 Hutchinson, Robert, xii, 621, 6i^ et seq. 
 Huyberts, Arian, xiii, 213, 446. 
 Huyberts, Marietje, xiii, 186. 
 Huybertsen, Lambert, xiii, 246, 445, 448, 507. 
 
 Huygen, Hcndrick, xii, 30, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 55, 57, 
 122 et seq., 146, 174-5, 188-90, 193, 207, 344, 
 357-8, 365, 376 et seq., 406, 413, 415, 418, 419, 
 420, 433, 430, 439. 
 letter from, x 1 1 , 424. 
 
 Huygen, Maryken, xiii, 212. 
 
 Huys (Huysen, Huss), Jacob Jansen, xil, 71 195, 198, 
 304, 208, 214, 223, 356, 316, 331. 
 
 Huyt, Randal, xiii, 315. 
 
 Hyshebon, John, xli, 496. 
 
 I. 
 
 [mmigration, xi i, 120, 163-4, 183, 194, 216, 327, 231, 392, 
 350, 360, 427, 431, 436, 447, 579, 584^5, 593, 
 601, G50, 663; xiii, 8, 108, 130, 193, 195, 208, 
 427. 
 invited, xiil, 424. 
 encouragement of, xiii, 485. 
 Indian Affaii-s, Commission for, continued, xiii, 463. 
 Indian brokers, runners and scouts, xii, 200, 334, 434; 
 
 XIII, 72, 175, 502. 
 Indian castles, xlli, 380. 
 Indian customs. See Kintekoy. 
 Indian corn plantations, xiii, 292. 
 Indian, description of the, country west of Esopus, 
 
 XIII, 272. 
 Indian lands, licenses to purchase, xiii, 395-6. 
 at Esopus, XI 1 1, 553 et seq. 
 near Schenectady, xiii, 489. 
 in New Jersey, xiii, 478. 
 deeds fori, 2, 5, Schodack, xiii, 26. 
 in Westchester Co., xiii,24, 402. 
 for an island in Hudson's River, xiii, 193. 
 Mahicander's Island near Albany, xill, 193. 
 in Greene countv, xii i, 397, 4S1-2, 545, 572. 
 Columbia county, xi i i, ;!!)'.i, 515, 519, 545, 572. 
 Ulster county, xiii, 50ii, 5o3, 553. 
 Putnam county, xiii, 554, 573. 
 Saratoga county, xiii, 572. 
 Dutchess county, xiii, 569. 
 Staten Island, xiii, 455. 
 Indian murders and outrages, xii, 193, 197, 337-8, 343, 
 417,462,477, 484, 487-8, 503, 519; xiii, 11, 16-7, 
 23, 49 et seq., 77-9, 83, 93, 136, 245. 
 Indian names, for pl.aces in Columbia Co., xiii, 572. 
 in Greene county, xi i r, 545. 
 Albany county, xiii, 193. 
 Ulster county, xiii, 533. 
 Indian River, xii, 574, 616. 
 
 Indians, xii, 34, 39, 115, 126, 129, 138, 149, 156, 161, 
 ■ 186-7, 193, 201, 242-3, 247, 252, 254-5, 357, 302, 
 266, 283, 290, 292-3, 295-6, 308, 311, 318, 339 
 etseq., 343-4, 355, 368, 370, 409-10, 414, 446, 
 449, 462 et seq., 466, 475-7, 493, 505, 510. 518-9, 
 524, 536, 528, 541-6, 553, 556, 576, 585, 501,611, 
 615, 623, 032-3,645, 650, 655, 658, 660; xiii, 
 13, 16, 30, 39-41, 45, 48, 59, 69, 77, 180, 237, 484. 
 conferences with, xii, 533, 541. 
 attack New-Amsterdam, xii, 98-9. 
 make peace with Maryland, xii, 357. 
 to be treated leniently, xiii, 33. 
 treaty of peace with, xiil, 147. 
 Aviir !ini..iiL;- the, XIII, 90. 
 <li(l,irc.i lr((' and not slaves, xill, 537. 
 .s..Mi, is cillc .1 Wauivapifsjes, xiil, 172. 
 Indians, Inale with, xll, 157-8, 480; xlll, 175, 194, 
 237, 353, 373, 420, 491, 503, 553. See Ordinances. 
 
Index. 
 
 599 
 
 Indians, tribes — 
 
 Agawam, xiii, 308. 
 
 Algoaquins, x 1 1 1 , 524. 
 
 Armevvamese (Ann, ,r,, ,nu^\, xli, 34, 430. 
 
 Catskil, XIII. 11 '.I. IJ-', r.!ii, 161,229,301,208,275, 
 
 284, Osi; ,/ ,.,,^., Jill, 308, 325, 345, 371), 427, 
 
 505, 524, .vrr, r.i.-.. 
 
 proposals made by, xiii, 161 ct acq. 
 unfriendly to the Dutch, xiii, 207. 
 threatened by the Oneidas, xi 1 1, 510. 
 Cayiigas, xiii, 500. 
 Eastern, xi 1 1, 504. 
 
 'E&o-^VA {Warynaioonclii)^ xil, 312, :J18, 44G, 520; 
 XIII, 47, 88, 9G-7, 90, loo, lol-r,, 113-14, 
 119-30, 123, 126, i;jl-:.. I 'i ■..', l iC-T, 101, 
 164, 169-73, 174, 17' ■', i ' i i, joj, 2iil. 
 223,239,245, 250, 2.V,, .■ :, .'I, Jii :;. -Jsl', 
 284, 287, 393, 394, 321, v,z:>a ...,., .,h.;-i, 3T'2, 
 375, 377, 386, 433, 427, OUo, 533, 572. 
 strength of, xii, 302. 
 conferences with, xiii, 93, 102, 106, 127, 1(15. 
 
 273, 321, 504. 
 other Indians intercede for, xiii, 107-8. 
 treaty of peace with, xiii, 17'J, 377. 
 nearly destroy Wiltwyck, xiii, 245, 250. 
 cede their lands to Gov. Nicolls, xi 1 1, 399. 
 French, xiii, 176, 527. 
 
 at war mth the Mohawks ; not to be allowed to 
 
 cross the North river, xiii, 34. 
 trade with the, xiii, 35. 
 at the Cahoos, xi ii, 185. 
 Hackensack, xili, 172, 294, 305, 314, 350, 301,428. 
 renew the peace with tlie Dutch, xi ii, 470. See 
 Oratamin, chief of Hackensack. 
 Hasanamasctt, xiii, 526. 
 of Haverstroo, xiii, 84, 173. 
 Highland, xlil, 90, 104, 133, 339, 284, 287, 300, 
 
 440, 573. See Wapjiings. 
 Kennebeck, threatened with war by the Maquaes, 
 XIII, 190, 398, 309. 
 also called Ouakonque, xiii, 208. 
 Kichtawanghs, xill. 276, 299, 300, 302-3, 304-5. 
 Kis Kightkonk, xiii, 303. 
 Long Island, xiii, 16, 147, 380. 
 
 renew the peace with the Dutch, xiii, 58. 
 at war with Narragansetts, ib. 
 allies of the Dutch, xiii, 75. 
 Mahingans Taraktons, xiii, 524, 527. 
 Mantas, xii, 340, 414, 463. 
 
 Marsepinghs, xiii, 284, 386, 295 et seq., 333, 375. 
 Mawyk, xi 1 1, 526. 
 
 Minissiuks, Minissinghs, Menissings, xii, 300, 315, 
 438, 446; xiii, 167, 239, 276, 280, 284, 289, 
 294, 334 et seq. 
 conference with, 551. 
 Minquaes, Mingoes, xii, 29, 30-3, 34, 36,40, 43, 
 46, 55, 57-8, 61, 66-7, 99, 193, 293, 312, 317-8, 
 321, 343-4, 346, 357, 362, 418-19, 430-1, 434, 
 438; XIII, 95, 106, 133, 337, 301. 
 assisted by the English of Maryland, xii,346. 
 intercede for the Esopus Indians, xiii, 164. 
 Minquaes, Black, xii, 419. 
 Minquaes, Southern, xiii, 25. 
 Mohawks, Maquas, Maques, Mauquas, Jlohoacs, by 
 the French called Iroquois, xli, 98, 300, 
 308-9, 312, 439, 530, 540, 553-0, 573; xiil, 
 15, 18, 34-5, 88-9, 92, 106, 109, 113, 123, 
 132-3, 149, 167, 190^1, 205, 207, 240, 250, 
 353, 255, 264, 373, 375, 278, 283-3, 386, 391, 
 
 Indians, tribes — 
 
 297-8, 302, 308, 310, 326 el seq., 345, 335' 
 375, 378 H .v,yy., 389-90, 420, 423, 427, 439, 
 440,45s, loo, ,|i;i .-,, 477, 479, 483, 491, 494, 
 
 490-7. - , 51-1, ..n,-i), 511, 513, 517,519-22, 
 
 52.5-:;i, :,-.<;, :.,:.. r.i;i 570, 573-3. 
 the Dutch iiuha.o; to keep the, friendly to 
 
 the Preach ami English, xiii, 23. 
 invade Canada, xili, 28. 
 renew the covenant with the Dutch, xiii, 72. 
 conference with, at their castle, xlll, 112. 
 at Fort Orange, xl 1 1, 108, 122, 234, 479, 528. 
 Massachusetts people call for the assistance 
 
 of, XII I, 511. 
 Massachusetts send agents to, xill, 521. 
 plunder a fort in Nova Scotia, xiii, 224. 
 cut off a French fort, xi 1 1, 175. 
 in the Narragansett country, xili, 517. 
 make war ou Canada Indians, xiii, 34. 
 make war on Northern Indians, xiil, 519. 
 Maryland desires peace with, xiii, 507-8. 
 French influences among the, xiii, 531. 
 names of two castles, x 1 1 1, 479. 
 divided into three castles, xiii, 524. 
 letter of Governor of Massachusetts to, xiii, 
 513. 
 Mohicans, Mohegans, Mahicanders, xii, 98, 520; 
 XIII, 18, 72, 113, 122, 126, 133,161,167, 
 170, 172, 229, 261, 274, 282, 391, 299, 303, 
 308-10, 330, 345, 378, 387, 430, 439, 458, 
 496, 501, 503, 507, 509, 520, 532, 545, 573. 
 propositions by, xiii, 161. 
 intercede for tlie Esopus Indians, xill, 168. 
 peace between, and the Mohawks, xiii, 440,491. 
 of Nalwetog (Nalvotogg), xiii, 308, 511. 
 Narragansetts, xii, 543; xili, 493, 511. 
 
 at war with L. I. Indians, xm, 58. 
 Natick, captured by Mohawks, xiii, 520 et scq., 
 
 534-6, 530. 
 Nevisinks, Ncvisans, xii, 308, 519; xiii, 84, 103, 
 
 190, 304, 239, 311, 314, 316, 423. 
 of New Jersey, xi 1 1, 261, 276. 
 of New York, relations of, with Maryland, xiii, 
 
 555. 
 Northern, xii, 59; xili, 225, 297, 390, 493-t, 496, 
 
 499, 501-3, 508-9, 535, 538, 555, 565. 
 Northern or Onejagese, Onojakes, or Soquachjck, 
 
 XIII, 298, 355, 389. See Soquachicks. 
 North River, xiii, 17-18, 25, 52, 518. 
 Onconntehocks, xni, 378. 
 
 Oneidas (Hunides, Uniades), xm, 500, 502, 536. 
 castle of, called Kanadagcrea, xiil, 502. 
 intend to fall on the Uatskil Indians, xm, 
 
 510. 
 answer of the, to the propositions of the Mary- 
 land agent, xm, 510. 
 at war with the Susquehannas, xm, 510. 
 going to Maryland and Virginia, xm, 557, 
 500. 
 Onnogonges, Onagongas, xm, 379, 381, 519. See 
 
 Ke,>/>,M-». 
 Ononda;,'as, Unedagoes, xm, 355, 500, 510, 558. 
 Pacanit.hock, xm, 379 et seq., 389. 
 of Pacomtuck, xm, 308. 
 of Pajassuck, xm, 308. 
 Piscattaways, xm, 561. 
 Praying, xm, 530, 535, 538. 
 Punquapok, xm, 530. 
 
600 
 
 Index. 
 
 Indians, tribes — 
 
 Baritans, xii, 255, 208, 312; xiii, 7, 28, 1G3, 204, 
 
 239. 314. 
 
 trade with, xiii, 22. 
 
 formerly living in Westchester Co., xii, 25. 
 Rechowacky, xiii, 322. 
 of Reweghnonk, xui, 303. 
 
 Senecas, Sinnecus, Sinnekes, Sinneques, xii, 131, 
 344-6, 357, 362, 409-13, 418-19, 432-6, 439, 
 543, 553-4, 664; xiii, 72, 95, 106, 113, 132, 
 
 240, 250, 255, 291, 308, 355, 361, 423, 491, 
 497, 500, 510, 531, 536, 555. 
 
 strength of, xii, 430-1. 
 conference with, xiii, 184. 
 Maryland desires peace with, xiii, 507. 
 attack the Susquehaunas, xiii, 516. 
 of Sinsincks, xi 1 1, 302, 303. 
 Southern, xiii, 95, 106. 
 South river, xii, 30, 57-8, 135-6, 337, 344 et seq., 
 
 857, 362, 389, 410, 417, 430, 435, 438, 572. 
 Sowquackicks, xlii, 308, 377, 381. 
 Spanish, xiii, 551. 
 Stamford, in arras, xiii, 490^96. 
 Staten Island, xiii, 172, 261, 276, 305, 311, 428. 
 claim not to have been paid for their lands, 
 XI II, 452. 
 Susquehannocks (Susquchannas), xii, 338, 488, 
 543, 546, 553-4, 557-8, 560, 573; xiii, 557. 
 the offspring of the Mohawks, xiii, 491. 
 in conference with Gov. Andros, xiii, 497. 
 attacked by Oneidas and Senecas, xiii, 516. 
 of Tappaan, xiii, 300, 438. 
 TJnca.s, xiii, 508, 526. 
 Wamaset, xiii, 526. 
 
 Wappings, Wappingers, Wappingoes, or Highland, 
 
 XIII, 17-8, 47, 104, 148, 150, 282, 386, 290, 
 
 292, 299, 302, 304, 314, 334, 334 et seq., 345, 
 
 349, 363 ct seq., 371, 430, 427, 440. 
 
 the English of N. E. resolve to make war upon, 
 
 XIII, 37. 
 at peace with the Dutch, xiil, 167. 
 intercede for the Esopus Indians, xiii, 173. 
 peace with, renewed, xiii, 288. 
 Westenhook, xiii, 545. 
 
 Wiequaeskeck, Wyckerscreek, "Westchester, xiii. 
 52, 59, 376, 299, 300, 303-3, 364-5, 440, 460, 
 495. 
 not willing to join King Philipp, xiii, 494. 
 allowed to take refuge on Manhattan Island, 
 XIII, 494. 
 of Wissatimewag, xiii, 308. 
 Inkhorn, Andrews, xii, 648. 
 Inons, Symon, xii, 647. 
 Instcn, Jan, xii, 137. 
 Isaac, Mr., xii, 647. 
 Israel, Isaac, xii, 136, 147, 447, 450. 
 Iver the Fin, xi i, 435. 
 
 J. 
 
 Jackson, Christopher, xii, 586, 605, G40. 
 Jackson, John, xil, 524; xiii, 489. 
 Jackson, Samuel, xii, 651. 
 Jackson, Thomas, xii, 490, 491. 
 Jacob, Hendrick, xii, 490. 
 Jacob, Masten, xii, 136. 
 Jacob, my Friend, xi i, 430. 
 Jacobs, Arent, xiii, 212. 
 
 Jacobs, Arian, xii, 180, 181. 
 
 Jacobs, Henry, xli, 525. 615. 
 
 Jacobs, Jan, xii, 146, 164. 
 
 Jacobs, Marcus, xii, 473. >icc Long Fin. 
 
 Jacobs, Thomas, xii, 490. 
 
 Jacobsen, Acrt, xiii, 330, 247. 
 
 Jacobseu, Gecrtniy. xii, 149. 
 
 Jacobsen, llim-. \ii, ;i;. 5."i, 57. 
 
 Jacobsen, Ibmlii.;. mi. r.il, 648. 
 
 Jacobsen, llcnuan, :.li:i-, n.iiuboes, XIII, 76-7, 80, 87. 
 
 Jacobseu, Jan, xui, 4U. 
 
 Jacobseu, Capt. Jan, xii, 121, 126. 
 
 Jacobsen, Jan, gunner, xil, 140. 
 
 Jacobsen, Jan, from Reenen, xiii, 206. 
 
 Jacobsen, Peter, xiii, 236, 237, 841. 
 
 Jacobsen, Rufger (van Schoenderwort), magistrate of 
 
 Fort Orange, xiii, 36, 192-3, 316, 303, 304, 827, 
 
 348. 
 Jacobsen, Thomas, xii, 532, 534, 535, 620, 636. 
 Jacobson, Tunis, xiii, 410 et seq., 544. 
 Jacques, Henry, xiii, 406. 
 Jacquet, Jean Paul, vice-director on the South river, 
 
 XII, 87, 113, 115, 120-1, 124-5, 129, 133, 135 et seq., 
 
 144, 158, 160-1, 167-9, 170-5, 191, 319, 282, 357, 490, 
 
 558-9, 564-7, 589, 599, 608. 
 Jagersland, xii, 409. 
 Jamaica, L. I., xiii, 315. 
 
 James T, of En.dand, xii, 48, 51 n.. 252; xiii, 486. 
 Jaiiii. "'1, Ii:,- i.l Mil, 573. 
 
 Jn n 1 1 r I ; I 1 . Mil, 203, 213. See Brahamler. 
 
 Jan. I' i ; ! !,L-in, xiii, 233. 
 
 Janr,,, KmI,, II, .M 1, 491. 
 
 .Jan KMitxiiV kil, XIII, 23. 
 
 Jans, Ann.k.', xiii, 292. 
 
 .Jans, ( ;,llinr, MI, 144, 154. 
 
 .lansrn, A Mm it, mm, 507. 
 
 Janscii, ,\ii.iii.^ MI, 107, 471. 
 
 Jansrii, AiiiIm.ih. Mil, 48. 
 
 ,JailS( II, l;;nMil, XI I. 107; XIII, 21. 
 
 Jansrii, rHiMii ficm Oldenbiu-g, XIII, 153. 
 
 Jans.ii, Cur. 1 mi, :i0, 471. 
 
 Jansri,. (IkiiI. . MI, 544, 547, 648. 
 
 .Jailer, I, ( Ii. Ml, 57, 140, 180; xiii, 367. 
 
 Jan- M I -1 <u Ii MI, 58, 529, 620; xili, 212. 
 
 JansMi <•. : II, HI3. 
 
 JansLii, Dan ill, .Mil, 500, 514. 
 
 .Janseu, Dirck, xii, 470; xiii, 91, 157, 177. 
 
 Janseu, Dirck, from Oldeuburgh, xili, 215. 
 
 Jansen, Elias, xiii, 271. 
 
 Jansen, Francis, x 1 1 1 , 8. 
 
 Jansen, Foppe. See Outhmtt. 
 
 .lauseu, Gerrit, xil, 178; xiii, 9. 
 
 Jansen, Harman, xii, 46, 49, 134, 137, 139, 158, 371, 
 
 .laiisen, Hoiidrick, xll, 492, 506, 524, 539. 
 .raiisen, Hendrick, of Bremen, xii, 529. 
 Jansen, Henr., from Jevcr, xil, 381 et seq. 
 Jansen, Hubert, xili, 154. 
 Jansen, Jacob, xii, 535; xiii, 26, 119. 
 Jansen, Jacob, from Amsterdam, xiii, 15. 
 .Jansen, .Jan, xii, 529; xiii, 79, 81, 104, 119, 414. 
 Jansen, Jan, from Amesfoort, xiii, 195. 
 Jansen, Juii.an, xii, 490-1; xlii, 342. 
 Jansen, I^auris, xi 1 1, 48. 
 Jansen, Marten, x 1 1 1 , 45. 
 .Jansen, Mathys, xii, 491. 
 ,Jansen, Maurits, xiii, 4, 5. 
 
 Jansen, Michael, xii, 54, 217; xiii, 37, CI, 67, 233-i), 
 252, 294. 
 
Index. 
 
 601 
 
 \ 183-:!, 470. 
 
 I, 388. 
 
 Jansen, Mons., xii, 471. 
 
 Janseu, Otto, xiii. 3G0. 
 
 Jausfii, r;iul, -XII, mi, lfiO-1, 17 
 
 Jausen, Paulu.s, Sergt., xlii, XWi. 
 
 Jansen, Peter, xii, 138. 
 
 Jansen, Phil., xll, l.jl, 177, 403 
 
 Jansen, Philipp, from Vollcnhoo 
 
 Jansen, Roeloff, xili, 17. 
 
 Jansen, Stoffel, xiii, 304, 378. 
 
 Jansen, Svbrandt, xi i, 530. 
 
 Jansen, Volkert (Douw), xi i, 110, 133, 103, 310-30, 337, 
 
 343, 359, 364, 306, 379, 399, 417, 440. 
 Jansen, Walraven, xil, 293. 
 Jan.sen, Willem, xii, 539; xlii, 81, 100, 103, 110, 195, 
 
 214, 230, 233-5. 
 Jansen, Mr., xii, 326. 
 Jauson, William, xui, 544. 
 Jantzen, Marcus, xiii, 153. 
 Janz, Herman, xll, 106. 
 Jecsons, Christopher, xii, 665. 
 
 Jego, Pieter, xll, 491, 535, 534, 614-5. See aajou. 
 Jellissen, Peter, xiii, 203, 212. 
 Jemands, Andries, xiii, 206. 
 Jenkins, Francis, xii, 612. 
 Jenkins, Mr., xii, 496. 
 Jennings, John, xiii, 574. 
 Jersey City, N. J., xiii, 366. 
 Jessop, Edward, xiii, 41. 
 Jesuits, XII, 131, 543; xiii, 16, 114, 409. 
 Jews exempted from military .service, x ii , 96. 
 
 not allowed to trade on the South river, 118. 
 Joaldins, Hendr., xiii, 446. 
 Joanes, Mr., xill, 538. 
 Jochem, Peter, xii, 38. 
 Jochems, Abramson, xiii, 509. 
 Jochemsen, Barent, xii, 216, 244. 
 Jochemsen, Dirck, xiii, 354. 
 Jochemsen, Hendrick, xiii, 213, 230. 230-7, 346-7, 249, 
 
 251, 256, 380, 351-3, 506-7. See Joakima,Yokams. 
 Jockum, JPeter, xii, 586. 
 Joesen, Julian, xii, 158. 
 Johnson, Albert, xii, 471. 
 John.son, Andries, xii, 469. 
 Johnson, Arent, xii, 620, 636, 649. 
 Johnson, Charles, xii, 470, 038. 
 Johnson, Cornelius, xii, 632. 
 Johnson, Dereck, xii, 649. 
 Johnson, Garrett, xii, 448. 
 Johnson, Henry, xii, 555, 589, 647. 
 Johnson, Jacob, xii, 532, 534; xiii, 448. 
 Johnson, John, xii, 492, 005, 620. 
 Johnson, Mathias, xii, 048. 
 Johnson, Peter, xiii, 547. 
 Johnson, Robert, xir, 665. 
 Johnson, Simon, xii, 469, 471. 
 Johnson, Mr., xiii, 541. 
 Johiiz, Dirck, xiii, 218. 
 Jones creek, xii, 544. 
 Jones, Daniel, xii, 047, 665. 
 Jones, Ebenezar, xiii, 489. 
 Jones, Gabriel, xii, 647, 665. 
 Jone-s, Griffith, xii, 637, 652, 658, 065. 
 Jones, Henry, xii, 524. 
 Jones, Rev. Morgan, xill, 557, 567-8. 
 Jones, R., xii, 505. 
 Jones, Robert, xii, 491, 492. 
 Jones, Mr, XI I, 477, 647; xiii, 460. 
 Jongh, Jacol), xil, 355, 356, 306, 308. 
 Joorson, Oly, xii, 555, 589. 
 76 
 
 Joosten, Baes, xii, 319. 
 
 Joosten, Jacol), xiii, 195, 230. 
 
 ■loosten, Jan, xiii, 243, 240, 408, 431, 430, 445, 447-8, 
 
 544. 
 Joris, Jan, xiii, 153. 
 Journals of l)ir. Stuyvesanfs visits to t)ie Esopus, xili, 
 
 Journal ..I' a \,,\:r^r ^.. il„ \, > rsinghs, XUI, 314. 
 
 1 ■ make peace between 
 liuliuiis, XIII, 380. 
 
 .ro\irnal of [\u hh i ;im ; i i, 
 
 the .Mohawk, a,„i ,\,.,ihcn 
 •louwes, 'romiiii', xii, 338. 
 .ludd, Michael, xii, 534, 525. 
 Jullrouws Hook, XIII, 500. 
 Junstersen, Juers, XI i, 471. 
 Jurcksen, Paul, xiii, 119. 
 Jurgen the Fin, xil, 191. 
 Juriaen, Hans, xii, 527. 
 Jurriaen, Jan, farmer, xil, 153, 325. 
 Juriaensen, Jan, xii, 141, 148, 155, 170, 175, 236, 
 
 390-1. See Becher. 
 Juriansen, Jurian, xil, 491. 
 Juriansen, Tryntje, xili, 74, 330-40. 
 Justen, Jan, xii, 107, 141. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kaetcrskil, the, xill, 572 
 Kaghuuwage, lirst castle 
 
 if the Mohawks, xill, 112, 
 
 Kahakasnik kil, xiii, 505. 
 Kahankseu creek, xiii, 400. 
 KiiiU, Pieter, xii, 211. 
 K'akaiikcmk, XII, 30, 36. 
 K'alia(l:l^■L■rca, Oneida castle. 
 
 vuuagaro, 
 
 lid Mohawk castle 
 
 479. 
 
 Kanjchko, xiil, 389. 
 
 Karstensen, Jan, xill, 154. 
 
 Kasten, Wolfgang, xiii, 154. 
 
 Kechkawes kil (Maharnes river), xiii, 24. 
 
 Keen (Kyu), Jurian, xii, 425, 490, 648. 
 
 Keene, Jonas, xii, 537. 
 
 Keesienweyshook, near Albany, xiil, 303, 309. 
 
 Keesjeways kil, xiii, 516. 
 
 Keetel, Jeremiah, xiii, 544. 
 
 Keetel, Jochem, xiii, 388. 
 
 Kclv, Miles 0., XIII, 488. 
 
 K'ciidall, Thomas, xii, 615. 
 
 Kendall, William, xill, 536. 
 
 Kensiy, John, xil, 635. 
 
 Kent county, Md., XI I, 250. 
 
 Kent, Stephan, XI 1 1, 406. 
 
 Kerstensen, Kerst, xiii, 213. 
 
 Keskeskick. xiii, 5. 
 
 Kessen, Charles, xil, 620. 
 
 Kett, John, xii, 648. 
 
 Keyser, A., Commissary, xir, 42, 64. 
 
 Keyser, Dirck, XI I, 331; xiii, 544. 
 
 Kichtawangh (Sleepy Hollow), xiii, 14, 17-8, 270, 299, 
 
 301, 303, 364, 375, 380. 
 Kieft, William, Director of N. N., xii, 28, 32, 40, 48, 
 
 52; XIII, 3, 4, 6, 12, 14, 15, 17-23, 38, 84, 135, 200. 
 Kiersted, Hans, xiii, 292. 
 
 Kiersted, Sarah, xiii, 370, 280, 294, 371, 377, 386. 
 Kil van Col, xili, 19, 37, 260, 280-1, 314. 
 Kiiiih'rhook, XIII, 388, 399. 
 Kiiidurhook kil, XIII, 545. 
 Kiuaiiuariones, Battlefield of, xiii, 405. 
 KiugJohu, xu, 544, 572, 589. 
 
602 
 
 Index. 
 
 King Philipp's war, xui, 493-4. 
 
 Kingston, xi 11^446, 451, 459, 408, 470, 482, 502, 533. 
 
 laid out, .xill, 85. 
 
 Esopiis, so called, xiii, 432. 
 
 town of, boundaries of, xiii, 443 et wq. 
 
 called Swanenburgh, xiii, 475. Sec Kmpm ; Will- 
 wyck. 
 Kinsessing (Upland, Pa.), xii, 39, 30, 191, 800, 411, 
 
 438, 048. 
 Kintekoy, xii, 485, 524; xiii, 235, 299, 334, 372. 
 Kip, Hendrick, xi i, 130, 149, 150, 303, 313, 318-9, 375-7. 
 Kip, Hendr., jr., 381 et seq., 399 et acq., 405, 417. 
 Kip, Jacob, xii, 120. 
 Kip, Jacob Hendricksen, xii, 53, 54, 71. 
 Kip, Mr., XII, 308, 449. 
 Kipshaven, John, xii, 522, 588 -9, 003-4, 033, 037, 
 
 034-5, 038, 653, G54. 
 Kipshaven, John, jr., xii, 030. 
 Kip's Island, xii, 401. 
 Kirke, John, xii, 580, 605. 
 Klaesscn, Pieter, xii, 339. 
 Klaesen, Willem, xii, 533. 
 Kllngh, Moens, xii, 87. 
 Knapson, C, xii, 633. 
 Knapton, Mr., xiii, 491. 
 Kneuwles, Jan, xii, 343. 
 Knyf, Captain, xiii, 407. 
 Kock, Jan Gilliscn, xiii, 74. See C/d-. 
 Kock, Pieter, xil, 312, 356, 440, 475. See Cod-. 
 Koerens, Pieter, xii, 385. 
 Kooko, Olle, XII, 648. 
 Koomenakanokonck Island, xii, 4(il. 
 Krom, nillMii, MM, 544. 
 Krv-.'i-, S..' (,,,;;,,-. 
 
 Kunsl. .I:il, l;:,lrMU, MM, 44(i. 
 
 Kuypcr, Crnil ,h,ns,.n, xili, 99, 100. 
 
 Kuytcr, Jochem I'itersen, one of the Eight Men, xili, 
 
 16, 49, 71. 
 K-ycketan, Virginia, xiii, 140. 
 
 Labatie, .Jean, XIII, 15. 
 
 La Chaire (La Ceire, La Shicre), Francis, xi 1 1, 414, 445, 
 
 449. 
 Lachair, Solomon, notary public, xii, 130; xiii, 211. 
 Laers, Domine (Laerscn, Carolus Laurentius), xii, 150, 
 
 307, 355, 357-00, 300-8, 433, 440, 470-1, 539, 048. 
 Laersen, Olle, xii, 491. 
 Laersen, Nils, xii, 1.50, 108, 173. 
 Laersen, Paul, \ii. Tin I, 191. 
 La Grange, AiumMu. .1. , mi, 018. 
 
 La Grange, .1. Wr, mi, :;m|, :i9(>, 403 <;/- .s(;^., 405, 411, 
 415, 410, U9, l;.;(l, 123,424. 
 letter from, xii, 390. 
 La Grange, Joost de, xii, 618. 
 La Grange, Margaret dc, xii, 618. 
 Lalniiin, Alirnlinni, .xiii, 548. 
 Lanili.ri/, (l,:mn,M risen), Jan, xiii, 312, 230. 
 Laml.ni/, IM, ,, MM, 120, 153. 
 LaniiUL'isrii, Jan, XI 1 1, 230. 
 
 La Montague, Joan de, Vice-Director at Fort Orange, 
 XII, 37, 41, 51, 58-9, 77, 83, 91, 97, 118, 130-4, 
 415; XIII, 13, 18, 41, 43, 55, 69, 73, 74, 88, 93, 
 96, 105, 108, 113, 115, 132, 130, 132, 150, 161, 193-3, 
 216, 321, 244, 253, 255, 358, 201, 365, 282-3, 293, 
 399, 304, 307, 330, 855, 378, 383. 
 letters from, xiii. 89, 115, 123, 131, 133, 175. 
 letters to, xiii, 117, 135, 143, 101. 
 
 La Montagne, Rachel de, xiii, 371, 283. 
 
 La Montagne, William de, secretary at Kingston, xiii, 
 
 401, 451, 500-7, 533, 569. 
 Land, Edmund, xiii, 547. 
 Land, Samuel, xil, 589. 
 Lansing, Gerritt, xiii, 572. 
 Lansing, Hendrick, xiii, 479. 
 Lansingh, Peter, xiii, 571. 
 La Prairie, Mr., xi 1 1, 407, 550. 
 Laquire, Jan, xiii, 153. 
 Lardt. Mr., XII, 61. 
 Laurens, Paul, xill, 154. 
 I.Mnicns, Peler, xil, 130, 182. 
 Laurens, Thomas, baker in Pearl St., N. Y., xiil, 
 
 ■19,-,. 
 Laur.ii -n. I In,,! rick, XIII, 154. 
 Lauiv.i rn, l,:nuri,s, xll, 27. 
 
 Lau\\< ii I'h h I. rilias l.rcrtouwer, xil, 137. 
 
 Law. -,, l;irl,;,,,|, I I I. -OS, 210. 
 
 LauiviH, , .1^.1,11. M I. :.:;(i-7. 5-10. 
 
 [.awrciHc, William, Mil, ■\2\. 
 
 I.awrnur, Mr., XII, 525;' XIII, 483, 485. 
 
 I.awi-enseii, Arent, xill, 371, 383. 
 
 I.awr.son, Marcus, xii, 470. 
 
 Lawrsou, Paulus, xii, 470. 
 
 Lawrv, Gawan (Garvin), xil, 579; xlll, 487. 
 
 Linvsa, Xcal.s xii, 471, 490, 048. 
 
 Lawson, HenrioU, xli, 048. 
 
 Lawson, Paulus, xii, 048. 
 
 Leblein, Joannis, xiii, 202, 213. 
 
 Lcck, "Wm., XIII, 487. 
 
 Lee, Pranci.s, xiii, 547. 
 
 Leem, Simon, xii, 134, 182. 
 
 Leendertsen, Jacob, xiii, 233. 
 
 Leendertsen, Sander, xii, 103, 181, 183; xiii, 100, 133. 
 
 See r//r«. 
 Leeiiili'rtsen, Paulus. See Van der Orist. 
 L.cic, Williain, Governor of Counecticut, letter to, xiii, 
 
 r,\ii. 
 LilVbrc, Andries, xill, 506. 
 I,cl'c'br(^, Simeon, xill, 507. 
 Lcgi^-, Williain, xiil, 544. 
 Leg-alt, tial.rirl, xIII, 574. 
 LeiiiHH ■. llriMliirksen, xil, 539. 
 Le Maiiiv, Cl.nal.', xill, 300. 
 Le Moini, Sinmu, Jesuit father, XIII, 114. 
 Le iMoii, jMons'r, xlll, 499. 
 lA'virett, Governor of Boston, letter from, to the Mo.-' 
 
 hawk sachems, xiii, 513; mentioned, 533. 
 Levey, Gabriel, xii, 647. 
 Leviek, Richard, xii, 638. 
 Lewin, Mr., xiii, 538. 
 Lewis, the Frenchman, xill, 115. 
 Lewis, Tliomas, xil, 488, 506. 
 Lewis, Walter, xll, 586, 605. 
 Leyslcr, Mr., xil, 663. 
 Lichtvoet, Jan, xii, 63. 
 Lille, James, x 1 1 , 686, 605. 
 Lime, Isaac, xi i, 649. 
 Liming, John, xii, 586, 605. 
 Linbergge, Matliias, xii, 049. 
 Lindrayer, Hendr. Oornelisscn, xiii, 407. 
 Listen, Morris, xii, 543, 651. 
 Little Creek, xii, 578, 653. 
 Little Cupper's Island, xiii, 193. 
 Little Plain, S. I., xili, 547. 
 Littleton, South, xiii, 536. 
 Litsclu.e, Daniel, xii, 77, 108. 
 
Index. 
 
 603 
 
 Livingston, Eobcrt, xiii, •1!)4, 510, .Tl.-), rili), 53:!, 
 
 5:31-2, 546, 573. 
 Livingston Manor, xiii, 573. 
 Lloyd, John, -xii, 005. 
 
 LloyJ, riiilleman, agent of JIaryland to treat 
 N. Y. Indians, xiii, 550, 558 <■« wy. 
 
 to C'lvpt. Brocl 
 
 I ', 
 
 letters from, and Col. (' 
 
 XI u, 557. 
 Lock, Claes, xiii, 393. 
 Lockert, George, doctor, x i i i 
 Lodem, Bachio, a Polish ni)l>l 
 Lode wick, Thomas, xiii, 2!):!. 
 Lorn, Swen, xil, 580. 
 London, Md., xii, 019. 
 Long Fin, the, xil, 404, 400, 408, 409, 471, 472, 
 
 497, 501, 5:30. 
 Long ITook, on the Delavrare, xii, 048. 
 Long-Island, xl I, 1:31, 16:3, :323-4, 501, 001 ; xi 1 1, 2 
 
 40, 49, 52, 00, 124, 300, 303, 3S4, :il)2. 
 Long or Mahicander'-s Island, near Albany, xi 1 1, 1 
 Long Neck, S. L, xiii, 518. 
 Long Reach, the, xiii, 500. 
 
 by Indians called Maijcmt Ra 
 Loockermans, Govert, xli, 55, 56, 57, 59, 00, 01, 
 
 04; XIII, 28, 81-2, 200, 312, 314, 317, 377. 
 LiinckcrnMii^, .lacob, xlli, 378 «< wy., 497, 
 
 1. 11,111. II: ii.lr, Jansen, xill, 212, 245. 
 
 l..„, III, 1111, .l;ni, XIII, 81, 154, 195, 202, :J01, 414. 
 
 Lni-rr, .lauub, XII, 51, 
 
 I.ord, ('apt., XI n, 297. 
 
 Lo.srn, James, xil, 020. 
 
 Loscrccht, Jan, XI 1 1, 233. 
 
 Lott, Barent, xiii, 2:34. 
 
 J.ott, 15arlell, XI li, 54S. 
 
 Loufks, Puchanl, xii, 0(15. 
 
 Lourensen, Andries, Scrgt., xii, 297, 301, 300, 310. 
 
 XIII, 80-7, 89, 91, 99, 100, 110, 119. 
 Lourensen, Louren.s, xlll, 77, 78, 177. 
 Louren.scn, Peter, xll, 95, 179-80, 32:!, 391, 395, 
 
 412, 418; XIII, 314. 
 Louwrens, Arent, xlll, 233, 300. 
 Love, Timothy, xii, 544. 
 Lovelace, Dudley, xiii, 401, 443 <:t kcij., 447, 452, 
 
 466. 
 Lovelace, Francis, Governor, XII, 403, 467, 495, 
 505, 514, 517, 526, 538, 500, 501, 503, 573; x 
 419 et seq., 432, 433, 429, 445, 455 et seq., 
 541-2, 547. 
 letters from, xil, 466, 473, 470, 477, 485, 488, 
 503, 01:3, 617, 618, 658; xiil, 422-4, 42 
 439^2, 461, 406. 
 Lovelace, Thomas, xii, 486; xiii, 450. 
 Loveridgp, "William, sr., xlll, 572. 
 T.iil.l. r '' 1,. f'nrnelis, xlII, 271. 
 I.i: '> ■ : IS XIII, 233. 
 
 I.iii.i . : ;■ ■!, XII, 153. 
 I.mIiIm II , ;,, liysbert, xlil, 37. 
 L>il)biTtsen, Jan, schoolmaster, xili, 37, 2:!3--l, 3(1 
 Luby, Jacob, xill, 300. 
 Lucas, John, xii, 024. 
 Lucas, Nicholas, xll, 579. 
 Lucas, Robert, xii, 624, 059. 
 Lucasson, Evert, xiii, 3S8, 399. 
 Luca.ssen, Peter, xii, 429, 436. 
 Lu.lrkrns iJavid, surgeon, xii, 201, 205. 
 
 I.uir, San 
 r.Utrll, w 
 Luter, Ca 
 
 .II, 508. 
 
 n, XIII, 206. 
 
 ill, 383,, 386. 
 
 Lutluian.s, xii, 432, 473, 494, 512, 539; xiii, 384. 
 l.iiyiMsscn, Andries, skiijper, xli, 44, 55. 
 Liiyck, .\egidiiis, Domine, xil, 362, 363. 
 Lyibringh, .Mr., xii, 4:i0. 
 
 nicek, Indian name for Beeicn island, xi 1 1, 398. 
 
 Niels, XII, 426. 
 
 [amis, Indian name for the Long Reach on 
 a'^ livi^r, XIII, 506. 
 ' I ' mhI, Xlll, 21, 334, 506. 
 I : I k kil, XIII, 505. 
 
 ■, Xlll. 521, 528. 
 
 rn' I. Conn., xill, 24. 
 1. |-. ila.ngl Island, near Alliany, xlll, 193. 
 
 a 111 Li', XIII, 544. 
 
 Mak,, V, Daiiirl, xil, 5.55. 
 
 Malluik, Kii.k, XII, 544, 553, 630. 
 
 Mali..,,,, Sand.r, XII, 6:30, 040. 
 
 .Malstrr, Win., XII, 008, 010, 050. 
 
 .Manuikating, xiii, :!4n (note). 
 
 •Mamarranok, Indian .sachem, xlll, 17. 
 
 MamaraiuH-k, We.slclicsler Co., XI II, 403, 421. 
 
 Maiiiorinaek river, xiii, 40:3. 
 
 Man, .\I)i-aham, xii, 000, 634. 
 
 Ma,,, lalward, xil, 544. 
 
 Man, .Mr., \M, 00;3. 
 
 Maii-rl-,: .Ian, Mil, 572. 
 
 ManiiiL.. Kol., II, XIII, 488. 
 
 Maiiilnn ,M iimlio), XII, 315,435. 
 
 V I a '- Mil, XIII. 200. 
 
 \I a: I a.la,. Mu, 399, 428, 450, 473. 
 
 ^i a ■ li - • \M, 648. 
 Man lajl [, I'irirr, XII, 529. 
 
 Jlaiitaes lluuk, XII, 370. 
 JIara, Isaac, xii, 158, 100, 162. 
 
 Marblelown, xiil, 420, 429, 447, 457, 459 et aeq., 475. 
 482, 495, 512, 534. 
 
 so called, XIII, 4:30. 
 
 boundaries of, XIII, AA'i ct seq. 
 
 allotment of land at, xiii, 449. 
 
 bridge at, xi 1 1, 451. See New Dm'p. 
 Mareellis. Heixlriek, xiii, 74. 
 March, Hugh, xiii, 400. 
 Marchand, Black, xiii, 67. 
 Marcus, Johannes, .\ll, 45, 40, 49. 
 Margin, David, Xii,6(i5. 
 
 Markhain, Win,, Gov. of Pcnn., xiii, 00:3, 067-8. 
 .M iiiii , I'n in ,l:ieobsen, XIII, 203. 
 M : .. 1. -n. XII, 579, 584. 
 
 ,\l,,i 
 
 048. 
 
 .Marriages, MI, 137, 149, 15:3-4, 156, 300, 513, 590, 634. 
 
 Marriott, Win,, XII, 5-14. 
 
 Marsepain, .Mar.scpingh, L. L, xili, 58, 147. 
 
 Maisl,, Paul, Capt., XII, 573, 588-9, 597. 
 
 Marshall, .lohn, XII, 491, 
 
 ,Marlills, (irnia;e, XII, 065. 
 
 Maitciisrn, Curnelis, XII, 139, 375, 
 
 .Martdisen, Ilendrick, XIII, 89, 195,203,3:50,340,413. 
 
 .Marlinsen, Peter, xill, 312. 
 
 .Marlliyn, Robert, xil, 140. 143. 
 
 .Martinon, Francis, xiii, 567 e< aeg. 
 
 .Martinson, John, xil, 649. 
 
 Martinson, Martin, xii, 647. 
 
 Mm I ins Vineyard, XI i, 650; xiil, 536. 
 
 Martyn, Capt., xii, 147. 
 
604 
 
 Index. 
 
 Maryland, XI I, 65, 017 nil, ",v>, ""il, '^"i" !>, "01. o 
 268, 278, 286, 'i "'l ''. •'■'' :'" -•''' '- - 
 
 310, 321, 32), :; I :: ': : '' ■ 
 
 360, 363, 37r>, ;; ^ ' i i • ■ - i ■ • i '- i ' . 
 439, 446, 44H, |..n l ,, h.. i ,:>. ; 'i, i i. ::.:;, 
 494, 497-8, r.nn ,m i /; ; .., ,i'i i, j ; ,; ' 
 543, 553, 557, :. ■ , .'^" ^''i, -.1. -'', '•■'■■ '• ■ 
 598, 600, 606, Gl^, i;^.;, (.^.., ii-1',, (;-;>, (i;;;i, i.i ; 
 653, 657, 663; xiii, 140, loO, 4U7, 507, 550, :•■,, 
 agents of, at All)any, xi 1 1, 557. 
 letters from, xui, 557. 
 letters to, xiii, 560, 063. 
 governor of, xi 1 1, 530. 
 
 letter to, from Gov. Andros, xiii, 481. 
 
 Maryties Hook, xii, 413, 547. 
 
 Massachusetts, xii, 52, 69, 043; xiii, 126m., 163,493, 
 601, 534. 
 agents of, on amission to tlio Mohawks, xni, 521 
 ct srrj. 
 
 Massmi, Hendrick, XI I, 648. 
 
 Mastomackcrs Hook, XI i, 38, 44, 45 
 
 Mataeu, Andrics, xii, 491. 
 
 Matapan Falls, xiii. 545. 
 
 Matliews, James, xii, 570. 
 
 Mathews, Samuel, Governor of VirKinia, xii, 201 ; xi 1 1, 
 146. 
 
 Mathews, Thomas, xiii, 409, 418, 446, 448, 401, 544. 
 
 Mathiason, Neets, xii, 648. 
 
 Mathiason, Peter, xii, 555. 
 
 Mathiassen, Mathias. xii, 643. 
 
 Malhies, Samuel, xiil, 194, 195. 
 
 Matinnekonk, xii, 30, 36, 461. 
 
 Matinikonk House, xil, 4SC,. 
 
 Matinikoiik Ishiiid, Delaware river, xii, 484-5, 487, 
 506 (ill, (ill 5, 617. 
 
 Matlock, William, xii, 615. 
 
 Matsa, Neals, xii, 471. 
 
 Matse, Jan, xii, 470. 
 
 Matsen, Niles, xii, 151, 491, 550-1. 
 
 Matson, Erick, xii, 469, 470. 
 
 Matson, Jan, xii, 539. 
 
 Matson, John, xii, 470. 
 
 Matson, Mart,'aret, XI I, 470. 
 
 Mats.. 11, M:illii:i-=, XI I, 470, 648. 
 
 Malli-Hi, Ai.l, .1 I 1, 413^««6Y/. 
 
 Malli 'ill, .Milliii , MI, 143, 158, 647. 
 
 MatlscM, Audrew, xil, 648. 
 
 Mattson, Nicholas, xil, 105. 
 
 Mattysen, Jan, x 1 1 1 , 507. 
 
 Maurice river, xii, 650, 651. 
 
 Maurits, Knut, xiii, 154. 
 
 Maurits, William, xil, 136-7, 141, 149, 155, 161. 
 
 Mauritsen, Cornelis, xil, 38, 49, 136, 149, 153, 157-8, 
 177, 371. 
 
 Mauritius river, xiii, 3, 30. 
 
 Maverick, S, xii, 458, 409. 
 
 May, Edward, xiii, 31. 
 
 Mayen, Pleler, \ii, 183, 390, 301, 307-8, 324, 340. 
 
 Moakri, l;,,l„il. Mil, (>6. 
 
 Meauriiiiii'iiiin, i hief cil' L. !., \i i i, 147. See Tapnusagh. 
 
 Mcciissen, I'eler, xiil, 439. 
 
 Meertens, Maria, xiii, 247. 
 
 Megachkamir, xiii, 25. 
 
 Megapolensis, Rev. Johannes, xii, 99; xiii, 25, 101-3, 
 405, 410, 423. 
 letter from, xili, 433. 
 
 Megapolensis, Rev. Samuel, XI 1 1, 384, 405. 433. 
 
 Meggeokessou, Meggeekasjouw (Trenton Falls, N. J.), 
 XII, 255, 273, 386, 315, 355, 370, 384, 413-4, 446. 
 
 Melis, Engel, xii, 153. 
 
 Meloen, Jacob, xiii, 153, 203. 
 
 Melyn, Cornelis, patentee of Staten Island, xiii, 6, 8, 
 
 0, 16, 27, 30, 33, 47, 51, 63, 75, 121, 200, 206, 224. 
 Mrlvn, Jacob, xiii, 473. 
 \l-lvii, Mr., xiii, 468. 
 Mrnito, Thomas, xil, 493, 617, 653, 657. 
 \1. ili'ii, r.eorge, XII, 601. ' 
 
 \|i |.:.lll, 1;. 1., XIII, 105, 108. 
 
 M. |Mili l,il, L. I, XIII, 41, 75, 315. 
 
 \li I , 1;h I, M.urtin, xiil, 95. 
 
 Mel/n, .h.ii. Mil, 117, 153, 203. 
 
 Meyer. Xi.li,, mm, 313, 353. See De Meyer. 
 
 Mey.Hlr,-:, .\l;,iille, XIII, 370, 374. 
 
 Mc^ynileilseii, Meyndert (van Keeren), owner of tho 
 
 Colony behind the Col, xiii, 9, 19. 
 Michiels, Jan, xii, 523. 
 Michielsen, Daniel, skipper, xiii, 121. 
 Micliielscn, Dirck, xii, 129. 
 Michielsen, Lambert, xii, 107. 
 Midwout (Flatbush, L. I.), xii, 99; xiii, 44, 06, 102, 
 
 124, 384. 
 Middelburgh, L. I., xiii, 66, 270. 
 
 Middletown, N. J., XIII, 474 et seq., 478, 539, 541, 545. 
 MilUin, John, sr., xil, 624. 
 Midlin, John, jr., xn, 624. 
 Milford, Conn., xiil, 208, 266. 
 Military, the, xiii, 124, 142, 153, 201, 205, 223, 236,348. 
 
 259, 268 ct .seq., 359, 395, 406, 424, 448, 516, 530. 
 Miller, Hans, xii, 649. 
 Miller, James, xlii, 574. 
 Mill Hook, XII, 648. 
 Mill Kil, tho, XIII, 389. 
 Mill.s, XII, 151, 219, 327, 368-9, 483, 581; xiii, 404, 
 
 401. 
 Mills, Richard, xiii, 393. 
 
 Millsl ■ River, MI, 519, 541. 
 
 Mine-Ka-hiiue, N. J., XIII, 334. 
 
 Minei.ils :iii.l .Mines, XII, 32; XIII, in, 21, 09, 100. 
 
 Miiuii.siiigh, u ti:ict of land cast of Hudson's River, 
 
 XIII, 571. 
 Minquas Country, xn. 166, 197, 308, 315, 331-2. 
 Minquas Kil (Christina Kil), xn, 28 (note), 29,166, 
 
 337. 
 Minsterman, John, xn, 648. 
 Minuit, Peter, xn, 29, 36, 376 <;« se/?. 
 Minvielle, Gabr., xn, 524, 527; xiii, 493, 554. 
 Mitten, Robert, xn, 665. 
 Mitten, Thomas, xn, 665. 
 Mitten, William, xn ,665. 
 MoehL'evrhl k, MIT, IS, 67. 
 
 Moeiii 'ru iMmii riM, II,,, ,s, XII, 312, 491, 586. 
 
 Moel . W lllnin M:,llrM ,11, XIII, 77-81, 90. 
 
 Miiesii,,,,,, ,\,v,,i, M 1 1. ;;4S. 
 
 M,,u-<.iic,i< Hill, MM, ;,o6. 
 
 Miihawk Kiver, Mil, 15, 514, 032. 
 
 Mill, i'ieler C.rnelisseii, XII, 184. 
 
 iMol, i;,ivrr I iiniiiH r:en, mi, 179, 180. 
 
 Mill, ■,,:,<,-, IM, , ,l,,,,,li r,,, XIII, 236. 
 
 Mol, !,,„ ,M,,M 1'^,,, M.ix-ander, xn, 511, 522, 545, 
 
 '<-.•>. ..;i, .-.si; !i, .,!i:, r,(il-5, 627, 634-5, 638, 652. 
 Molestyiie, Henry, xn, 620. 
 Moll, John, xn, 530, 531, 532, 539-40, 544, 545, 558, 
 
 559, 560, 563, 576, 589, 599, 606, 620, 634, 636, 
 
 669. 
 letter from, xn, 643. 
 
 MoUart, , xn, 414. 
 
 Moiisen. Carel, xn, 471. 
 iMoiitagnie. See La Montagne. 
 
Index. 
 
 G05 
 
 Momissing (Westcliestcr Co.), xiii, 
 Moor, Mr., xii, 08, 28U. 
 Moore, George, xii, 490, 541. 
 Moorman, llariner, xii, 31 'J. 
 Morgan, Charles, xiii, 315. 
 Morgim, John, xii, 544, 651; xni, 
 Moritivis Creek, xil, 547. 
 Mcinis. Mr, xiil, 54i. 
 Morris, William, xii, 107. 
 MoU, .lav.ib, XII, 047. 
 Mott, Jaini's, XII, 047. 
 Mound, Clinton, xiii, 450. 
 Mouverai.sen, Martin, xiii, 2:!1. 
 Moymansy, xi i, 048. 
 Muiklc, a grain measure, xii, 173. 
 Mud Ivil, XII, 511. 
 Mulberry Swamp, xii, 053. 
 Mulcurx", Thomas, xill, 488. 
 Mulk. Erick, xll, 586. 
 Wullincx, Thomas, xlil, 574. 
 MuMuick, Evert Willcm, xiii, 348. 
 Munlcrkil, Delaware, xii, 408, 054. 
 MurdicU, Kc.l.irl, xii, 58!). 
 Mutiny at the Ksopus, xi i I, 400. 
 Myiuu-hkee Kil, xm, 545. 
 
 N. 
 
 Naainaus Creek, x 1 1 , 547. 
 
 Nanoseck Island, xm, 103. 
 
 NaringtoM, xili, 380. 
 
 Narowatkoiii,'h, N. .1., xm, 310. 
 
 Narra-ii.isrti ('.Minlry, xm, 517. 
 
 Narr:,li.-..u K\\. mi, 01, 373. 
 
 Nasshauiiv iXa.^iua, N. II.), xIII, 511. 
 
 Natiek. H,'. 1., .\m, 514, 521. 
 
 Nayack (Nayeeck, Neyick, Nyack) (on L. I.), 2^), 35, 00, 
 
 147, 261, 331, 375, 393. 
 Naylor, Edward, xm, 227. 
 Neagers House, xiii, 235, 326. 
 Neale, Francis, xii, 544. 
 Neale, Ja-s., Capt, xli, 320, 324. 
 Ncalson, Ilendriek, xli, 470. 
 Ncalson, Mathias, xii, 470. 
 Ncalson, Neals, xii, 470. 
 Necken, Stephen, xm,44. 
 Nederhorst, Lord of, xii, 131; xm, 30. Sec V<m 
 
 Rftde. 
 Needham, Robert, xm, 398, 400, 100, 414. 
 Neelsen, .Jonas, xli, 588. 
 Neeycck Kil, xii, 49. 
 Neilsdon, Peter, xii, 648. 
 Neilson, ITendriek, xil, 048. 
 Nril-..,,. .In,,:,-, -.n, 018. 
 Nril-M,,, M,,lli,:, . XI I, <;.|8. 
 
 N,.il n,,, ■.. ,; II. 474, (lis. 
 
 Neil-n,,, Ollr, Ml, 048. 
 
 Nelisen, Hans, xm, 16. 
 
 Nelson, John, xm, 574. 
 
 Neuinan, Thomas, xm, 60. 
 
 Neus, Jacob Adriaenscn, xm, 93 et ^q. 
 
 Neuten Hook, xm, 388. 
 
 Ncvcsink.s Navecinx, XII, 3.55, 453, 493, 530; ' 
 
 39, 31-3, 84, 100, 312, 314, 333, 356, 358, 365 
 
 398, 477, 484. 
 Nevisinks, patent for, by Col. Nicoll.- 
 
 471. 
 Nevcsinghs Kil, xm, 310. 
 Nevill (Newell), James, x 
 
 395 
 
 lade 
 
 008, 010, 035. 
 
 Nevill, James, letter from, xit, 650. 
 Nevius, Johannes. ex-Alderman, xiii, 41. 
 New-All)aiiy, xm, 500, 571. 
 
 New .\nis(,l, XII, 1"-?, 17.-., 1sn, l!iT, '^ul, 310, 220 ct 
 s,,/,,-;;-, ■^:.i. ■::,.->, -'-.s, -I'W. ■?!;:;, J';';. ■■t-!, 291, 393, 
 ■i\r.\, -Jii:. -JUS, :;iii, ;:n.;, :;n|, :;ii.-,, ;;n;, :;i I, 315, 316, 
 :il!i, :i^l'>, :;'J.'., -vy-K :::i.'i, ::;!i;, :Mii, :;i;!, :;:-,l, 354, 355, 
 358, 303, 308, 371, 387, 382 tl ,v/y., 387, 388, 389, 393, 
 397, 408, 410 H scq.. 417, 419, 423, 434, 437, 430, 431, 
 433, 436, 437, 439, 446, 447, 448, 451, 453, 454, 511, 
 517. 
 Newark, N. J. See New Woi-k. 
 Newberry, xm, 406. 
 
 New-Castle, xi i, 178 et :<,:ri.. 462,404, 471-1, 477, 480, 
 481f•^^.7., isl, l'^;, 494. 
 incorpiiniiM, \i i. r.iii, 500, 501, 503, 513, 515,516, 
 521, 5-.".>, ;V,',;, ,-,m;, .",29, 530, 532, 533, 534, 538, 
 043, 511, .", i:., 5>:;, 5.54, 556, 560, 561, 563, .563, 
 560, 585, 589, 593, 594, 598, 601, 008, 009, 610, 
 013, 618, 631, 633, 634, 636, 645, 649, 050, 660, 
 666, 609. 
 New Dorp, or Villages at (he Esopus, xm, 219, 221-3, 
 240, 350, 359, 383, 417, 428, 442. Sec llurlty, Mar- 
 hlctoirii . 
 Xew England, XII, 278, 304-5, 356, 417, 543; xm, 
 
 60, 73, 163, 305, 340,458, 531 et seq. 
 New Gottenburg, XII, 33, called Kattenburgh Island, 
 
 133. 
 New Harlem, xm, 124, 343, 282, 399, 303, 431. See 
 
 Ihrhw. 
 New Haven, XII, 53, 09, 82n; xm, 31, 304. 
 N(^\v llooven (New Farm), xil, 37. 
 New .lerscv, mi, I - I : 1 - VV.I, 563, 565, 568, 579, 584-5, 
 
 591,' r.lu ^ '-. lil'.l; xm,450, 469, 472, 570. 
 
 Col. Ni- ill, XIII, 486. 
 
 courtti 111 .,r,..iMi,, in, .\m, 545. 
 claims a port of entry, xm, 508. 
 election of delegates in, xm, 541. 
 title to, XI 1 1, 539-43, 549 et seq. 
 concessions to, XIII, 540. 
 
 Dep't Gov. of, summoned before the N. Y. Coun- 
 cil, 544. 
 New Lcydcn, xil, 406, 420, 433. 
 Newman, Francis, xii, 83. 
 New Orange, n.ame of New York, xm, 473. 
 New Paltz, Ulster Co., xm, 506. 
 New Salem, XI I, 593, 594. 
 New Seven Hooven, XI I, 620. 
 New Spain, xil, 328. 
 New Sweden, xii. 73, 87, 123. 
 Newton, l!ri:,ii ' .p' I i ,il., xi I, 41, 51 ; xm, 43, 45, 
 
 03, 80', r.'l 1 1 '• '<• ■ I""'. 
 Newton (N,.i ;. . H :. mm, 41. 
 Newton (Nutoiu, Ihwin.i ., .xm,41. 
 Newtown, L. 1., xm, 39. 
 New Utrecht, xm, 343, 286,421. 
 
 New Work (Newark, N. J.), xm, 473 ct seq., 477, 539. 
 Nic'ambanak creek, xil, 500. 
 
 Nieolls .Math., XII, 404, 407, 471,486, 494,497, 505, 
 
 f>2:i, 530, 555, 509, 572, 573, 595, 000, 603, 005, 
 
 on' 041. 042, 05;!, 0.57; Kill. 403 et seq., 416 et 
 
 scq 428 456, 468, 483, 518, 536, 542, 564, 570. 
 
 letters from, xj I, 571, 595,021,626, 631, 633; xm, 
 
 403^, 417. 428, 484, 501, 510, 535, 540. 
 letters to, xii, 000, 003, 641-2; xm, 519, 531. 
 Nieolls, R, XII, 458, 459 ct so/.. 474, 494, 514, 536, 
 570, 618; xi 1 1. 393, 395 ctseq., 399, 402, 404, 406, 
 414, 410 et seq., 435, 440, 452, 471, 486, 492, 504, 
 530, 541, 543, 568. 
 
606 
 
 Index. 
 
 Nicolls, R., letters from, xii, 400 (and Cgl. Lovelace), 
 
 463; XIII, 403, 404. 
 Nicolls, William, xii, 456. 
 Nielsen, Michael, xii, 544, 551. 
 Nielson, OUe, xii, 544, 547. 
 Nielson, Otto, xii, 553, 630. 
 Nielson, Peter, xii, 544, 551, 630. 
 Nison, Henry A., xii, 630. 
 Niskayuna, xiii, 573. 
 
 Nissen, Cliristian, Sergt., xiii, 86, 153, 188, 190, 301, 
 313-3, 333, 349, 351, 357, 369, 378, 393, 313, 330, 
 333 et seq., 348, 350 et seq., 354, 366, 368. 
 
 letter from, xiu, 190, 351, 354-5, 366, 308. 
 
 letters to, xiii, 330, 359, 365. 
 Nochpeem, xiu, 17. 
 Noizet, Frangois, xii, 54. 
 Nolongewock, xiii, 308. 
 Nomers, John, xii, 544, 553. 
 Noorman, And ries, x 1 1 1 , 303. 
 Noortwyck, xiii, 360. 
 
 Nooten Island (G-overnor's Island), xiii, 37. 
 Norman, Claes, xiii, 18. • 
 Northampton, Mass., xiii, 511, 514. 
 North river, Swedish designs on the, xii, 373. 
 Norvpich, Conn., xiii, 517. 
 Norwood, Andrew, surveyor, xiii, 460, 518. 
 Noten-Island, xiii, 56. 
 Nova Scotia, xii, 455; xiii, 334, 340, 390. 
 Nut's Island, xii, 98. 
 
 0. 
 
 Oakly, Widow, xiii, 574. 
 Obbes, Emme, xii, 337. 
 Oelsen, Otto, xii, 470. 
 Ogdeu, John, xiii, 473. 
 
 sheriff for the N. J. towns, 475. 
 
 letter to, 477. 
 Ogden, John, sr., XI 1 1, 405. 
 Ogle, John, xii, 531-3, 534-5, 537-9, 543, 613. 
 Old Swedes Church, Philadelphia, xii, 105, 536. 
 Oleson, Las, xii, 470. 
 Olferts, Hey, xni, 245. 
 Olive (Olave), Thomas, xii, 579, 015, 635. 
 Oliver, Saml., xiii, 408 et seq., 415, 418, 448. 
 OUesou, Hans, xii, 544, 547. 
 Olleson, Olle, xii, 474. 
 OUesen, Pieter, xii, 491. 
 Omella (O'Malle), Bryan, xii, 020, 630. 
 Onckeway, Conn., xiii, 58, 59. 
 Onderhil. See Underhill. 
 O'Neale, Hugh, xiii,498. 
 Onkelbach, Adam, from Rouen, xii, 153. 
 Onokonquehaga, xiii, 398, 309. 
 Ooms, Jan, xiii, 519. 
 Oostdoi-p, XIII, 474. ( Westchester.') 
 Opdyck, G-ysbert, xiii, 18. 
 
 Oratamin, sachem of Eackensack Indians, xiil, 14, 16 
 35, 46, 148, 167, 171, 180, 203, 318, 361, 376, 380, 38£ 
 394-5, 314, 330-1, 333, 361, 371, 377, 380. 
 Ordinance respecting Bergen, N. J., xiii, 316, 303. 
 
 respecting Schenectady, xiii, 363. 
 Staten-Island, xiii, 356. 
 Wildwyck, xiii, 211, 313, 331-3, 336, 33E 
 331-3, 340, 346, 353. 
 
 against runners in the Mohawk and Seneca cour 
 try, XII I, 34. 
 
 against selling liquor to Indians, xiii, 30. 
 
 Ordinance regulating Indian trade, xiii, 337. 
 
 respecting navigation on the North river, xii i, 389. 
 
 Orechtou Island, xii, 633. 
 
 Oiema, L., xii, 665. 
 
 Oryon, Wm., xii, 535, 586. 
 
 Osbourne, Will., xii, 479, 519, 534. 
 
 Osburne, Rich'd, xiii, 488, 574. 
 
 Osenbrugge, xiii, 75. 
 
 Ostenengh, xiii, 75. 
 
 Osterhout, John, xiii, 451. 
 
 Otskondaraegoo kil, xiii, 573. 
 
 Often, John, xii, 586, 605. 
 
 Otto, Ernestus, xii, 618. 
 
 Otto, Gerritt, xii. 558, 559, 560, 564, 589, 599, 608, 634, 
 648. 
 
 Otto, Herman, xii, 648. . 
 
 Outhout, Foppe Jansen. xii, 93, 318, 331, 33.5, 343, 363, 
 375 et seq., 381 et seq., 387, 391, 399, 401, 503, 539, 
 558-60, 564, 589, 593, 599, 608, 610, 634, 649. 
 
 Oyster Bay, xili, 315. 
 
 Ozbun, David, xiii, 489. 
 
 Paauw, Michiel, xiii, 1, 2, 4. 
 
 Pachonahelliek, Indian name for Mahicanders or Long 
 
 Island, XIII, 193. 
 Pack, E.. XII, 656, 665. 
 Pacamtekock, Indian castle, xiii, 380. 
 Page, Abraham, xiii, 7. 
 Paghahacking, xii, 37. 
 Paham's Land, xii, 98. 
 
 Pakaseek, a tract in Ulster county, xiii, 533. 
 Paling, Simon, XI i, 589. 
 Palmer, John, xiii, 488, 574. 
 Palmer, Joseph, xiii, 488, 574. 
 Palmer, Samuel, xiii, 488, 574. 
 Palmer, Thomas, xii, 615. 
 Palmer, Mr., xiii, 538. 
 
 Panton, Ricli;ii(l. Cqilain, xiii. 07. See Pontun. 
 I'.-il).-j,i;iv, Anii-iii-.l, .Iniiulilcr ,.r (Jov. Prints, XII, 130, 
 
 •Hill, :ii;i>, CIS, CIS. s.r /■,;„/.., Arm. 
 l'api,i4M:iy, Jclm, xii, r.T, lil, VM, 192. 
 I'apirinimou (Spuyteu Duyvel), xill, 441. 
 Parde Hook (Delaware river), XI I, 488, 649. 
 Pardon, Mr,, xil, 486, 
 Parraget, Louis, xiii, 89. 
 Parrote, Mr,, xii, 503. 
 Parton, John, xiii, 544. 
 Pasaquesing, xii, 500 
 Paskaecg kil. ■■; 1 1 1 , I so. 
 Passayonk, xii. ;'c, !,i|. :;(iO, 303, 310, 312, 334, 336, 
 
 356,418, 4.-.II, .-,i)C, .-,.'C, C-18. 
 Pastoor, Fran/, Jacobs, .xiii, 193. 
 Patents for land on the Delaware river, xil, 16-7, 124, 
 
 177-83, 461, 463, 494, 511, 537, 537, 543, 567, 573-4, 
 
 580, 605, 616-7, 630, 631, 635-6, 651, 663. 
 Patents for land on Hudson's river, xui, 21, 33, 240, 
 
 366, 396. 
 Patents for land in New Jersey, xiii, 36-38. 
 Patterson, Hans, xii, 469. 
 Pattoxent, Md., xii, 301, 310. 
 Paugasset river. Conn,, xiii, 31. 
 Paulsen, Jan, xli, 471. 
 Paulsen, Olle, xii, 030, 636. 
 Paulsen (Paulenson), Paulas, xiii, 154, 302, 413, 448, 
 
 544. 
 Paulus Hook (Pouwels Hook), N. J., xiii, 3, 25, 44. 
 
Ivdex. 
 
 607 
 
 Paulus, Peter, xii, 223. 
 
 Pauwelson, Mons, xii, 539. 
 
 Pavonia, N. J,, xii, 08; xiii, 3, 10-1, 3T. 
 
 Pawachta, Indian name for a tract, in I'lster county. 
 
 XIII, 533. 
 Pawling, Henry, xiii, 401, 410 rf scq., 415, 418, 4iO, 
 
 433, 426, 428, 432 et seq., 443 et neq., 447 et m/., 452, 
 
 459, 544, 571. 
 Paycock, Robert, xiii, 544. See Peacock 
 Peachell, William, xii, 61.5. 
 Peacock, Robert, xiii, 418, 448 et siq. 
 Peats, Francis, xiil, 488. 
 Peaty, Richard, xiii, 620, 638. 
 Peck, James, xii, 586. 
 Pedy, James, xii, 605. 
 Peeck, Jacobus, xiii, 515, 573. 
 Peersen, Jau, xiii, 324, 348, 351. 
 Peersen, Pouwels, xii, 436. 
 Peirse (Pierce), Joshua, xiii, 400. 
 Pell, Thomas, xiii, 391, 403. 49.",. 
 
 attempts a settlement in Wcstclicster county and i 
 
 warned off, xiii, 38. 
 reported drowned, xiii, 60. 
 residence of, Onckeway, Conn., xiii, (!4. 
 Pels, Evert, xiii, 74, 90, 115-0, 143, l.")6, 192, 19G, 212, 
 
 330, 335, 338-9, 408, 446. 
 Pemaquid, xii, 633; xiii, 536. 
 Pemecacka creek, xii, 500. 
 Penford, John, xii, 579, 585, 635. 
 Penn, William, xii, 579, 608, 663, 067, 669. 
 Pennoycr, Robert, xiii, 12. 
 Pennsylvania, xii, 662, 666, 668. 
 Penobscott fort, xixi, 225. 
 
 attack on, by the Mohawks, xiii, 230. 
 Penton, William, xii, 608, 610, 635. 
 Peree, Jan, xiii, 113. 
 Pergens, Jacob, Director of W. I. Co., xii, 234; xiii, 
 
 159. 
 Pernatry, Robert, xii, 665. 
 Pernon, Petei', xii, 492. 
 Perrot, Richard, letter from, xii, 498. 
 Perry, Peter, xii, 544. 
 Peter, the Flemmg, xiii, 34.5, 389. 
 Peter, the Miller, xiii, 313. 
 Peters, Jan, xii, 346. 
 Petersen, Andries, xiii, 544. 
 Petersen, Charles, xii, 543. 
 Petersen, Claes, xii, 94. 
 Petersen, Frederick, xiii, 414, 544. 
 Petersen, Hans, xii, 543, 648. 
 Petersen, John, xii, 470. 
 Petersen, Lucas, xii, 106. 
 Peterson, Mathias, xii, 649. 
 
 Peterson, Peter, xii, 544, 549, 551, 630; xili, 544. 
 Peterson, Samuel, xn, 107, 470, 648. 
 Pew, Francis, xiii, 548. 
 Philipse, Fred, xii, 540, 543; xiii, 86, 313, 353, 300, 
 
 491, 493, 495, 501, 536, 546, 551. 
 Philipps, Grisebert, xiii, 115, 117. 
 
 (Van Velthuysen.) 
 Philipps, Mr., xii, 592. 
 Phillips, Thorns, xii, 544, 589, 630, 631, 638 et seq., 
 
 656. 
 Pla, Pierre, Cadet, xiii, 14. 
 Pickaer, a Frenchman, xii, 433. 
 Picket, Jan, xii, 816. 
 
 Picolet, Jan, xii, lU et seq., 148, 155, 177, 181. 
 Pierce, Daniel, xiii, 405. 
 Pierssen, Jan, xiii, 153, 301, 312. 
 
 Pieters, Abr., xir, r^li. 
 
 Pietcrs, Antliouy, xu, ."iSS. 
 
 Pieters, Dirck, xil, 491. 
 
 Pieters, Han.s, xil, 491. 
 
 Pieters, Lawrence, xii, 142, 154-5, 158, 161. 
 
 Pieters, Lucas, xii, 158. 
 
 Pieters, Maritjc, xiii, 88. 
 
 Pieters, Reyner, XI i, 446. 
 
 Pieters, Reintje, xlli, 317. 
 
 Pieters, Wynant, xil I. 200. 
 
 Pietersen, Abraham, xlll, 16. 
 
 Pietersen, Andries, xitl, 407, 414. 
 
 Pietersen, Anna, xll. 649. 
 
 Pietersen, Anthony, xli, 45-9. 
 
 Pietersen, Christian, xiil, 234. 
 
 Pietersen, Claes, xii, 178-9; xiii, 213. 
 
 Pietersen, Cors, xiii, 33. 
 
 Pietersen, Evert, xii, 303. 
 
 Pietersen, Francis, xiii, 193. 
 
 n. i. r„n, Fird, XIII, 448. 
 
 ! ■' iiit, XIII, 37. 
 
 . ' II ins XII, 470, 471. 
 I'l' |. !-. n, ihiinien, xii, 180-1. 
 I'iutcrseu, Jan, xili, 49, 154. 
 Pietersen, Lucas, xii, 143, 309. 
 Pietersen, Nathaniel, xui, 74. 
 Pietersen, Paulus, xiii, 233-4, 360. 
 Pietersen, Philipp, xiii, 110, 279. See Schuvler. 
 Pietersen, Reintje, xiii,340, 345, 350, 353. " 
 Pietersen, Samuel, xll, 539. 
 Pietersen. See Kuyter. 
 Pike, Capt., xiii, 542. 
 Pimmepakka, xli, 544, 5.")1. 
 
 Pinchon (Pynchou), John, xiii, 101, 307, 309, 513, 522, 
 526, 528-30. 
 letters from, xlii, 511, 524. 
 Pinhorne, Mr., xlll, 538. 
 Pinkuey, John, xiii, 489. 
 Pinkney, Philipp, xlll, 489. 
 
 Piscataway (Piseataqua), N. J., xiii, 473 et seq., 539. 
 Plainer, William, xii, 571. 
 Plank, Abraham Isaacsen, xii, 27. 
 Planck, Jacob Albertsen, sherilf of Rensselaerswyck. 
 
 See Vcriilanclc. 
 Plantations, xii, 151, 317, 336, 345, 474, 477, 485, 494, 
 
 499, 574, 586, 600-1, 613-5, 618. 631. 628, 639, 641, 
 
 644, 654, 661; xiii, 306, 308, 320, 334-5, 253, 374, 
 
 404, 419-30. 425, 435. 
 Plat, Widow, XIII, 488. 
 Plockhooy, Peter Corn., xu, 429. 
 Ploetgoet, carpenter, xii, 248. 
 Plomer, Henry, xu, 665. 
 Plowden (Ployden), Sir Edward, xu, 57 (note); xiii, 
 
 486. 
 Plumgut (Pluvmgate), xii, 323. 
 Plymouth Colony, xii, 52-3, 543; xiii, 493. 
 Pneys, Cornells, xu, 492. 
 Pocanteco Creek, xiii, 546. 
 Pocock, William, xu, 626, 630. 
 
 letter from, xu, 645. 
 Poe, .John, xiii, 519. 
 Poetquessing, xu, 500. 
 Point Pleasartt, XI i, 547. 
 Polhemus, Rev. .John,, xiii, 384. 
 PoUexfen, Hen., xiIi, 487. 
 Pontopecke, N. J., xiu, 395. 
 Pontun, Richard, xiii, 488, 574. See Pantcn. 
 Pooghkepesingh Fall, xlll, 571. 
 Poplar Neck, xu, 617. 
 
608 
 
 Index. 
 
 Population, xii, 64, 66-7, 131, 158, 189, 249, 254, 288, 
 399, 310, 384, 450, 533, 586, 646, 665. 
 of Esopus in 1658, xiii, 79. See Census, Immigra- 
 tion. 
 
 Porter, George, xiii, 407 et seq., 414, 418, 448 et seq., 
 544. 
 
 Porter, Robert, xii, 665. 
 
 Post. Adrian, Capt., xiii, 44, 46, 48, 60, 74, 306, 333-5, 
 368, 394. 
 letter to, xiii, 45. 
 
 Potpocka, N. J., XIII, 316. 
 
 Poulsoa, Andres, xii, 613. 
 
 Poulson, Mons., xll, 648. 
 
 Poulson, Paulus, xii, 491, 648. 
 
 Poulstou, Wolley, xii, 490, 491. 
 
 Pound, John, xiii, 418, 448, 450. 
 
 Pouwels, Abraham, xi'i, 363. 
 
 Pouwels, .John, xii, 469. 
 
 Powel, Thos., XIII, 388. 
 
 Powel, Walter, xii, 665. 
 
 Powell, Corporal, xiii, 395. 
 
 Powell, Robert, xll, 615. 
 
 Powson (Paulson), Mons., xii, 469, 470. 
 
 Prang, xiii, 154. 
 
 Prentice, Wm., xii, 586, 589, 605, 613. 
 
 Pretty, Richard, xiii, 516, 519. 
 
 Price, Evert (Avery), xiii, 411, 418, 448 et seq., 544. 
 
 Prime Hook (Delaware river), xii, 573, 654. 
 
 Prince, Ed., xii, 665. 
 
 Prince Hendrick river. See South river. 
 
 Prince, John, xii, 537. 
 
 Princen, Mathies, xiii, 313. 
 
 Prints, Armegard (Mrs. Papegay), xii, 300, 310, 419, 
 447, 618. 
 
 Prints, Johu, Gov. of New-Sweden, xii, 38-30, 33-5, 
 37, 40, 43, 45, 51 n., 56, 59-64, 70, 73-4, 83, 142, 
 193, 370-1, 413, 618. 
 letter from, 31, 33. 
 
 Printsdorp, xii, 109, 130, 413, 648. 
 
 Pritchet, Thomas, xiii, 574. 
 
 Provoost, Johannes, secretary at Fort Orange, xiii, 74, 
 110, 175, 193, 258, 383, 393, 398, 355, 398-9, 481 et seq., 
 533. 
 
 Pugsby, Matliew, xiii, 574. 
 
 Pume, John, xiii, 419. 
 
 Punquapock, xiii, 514. 
 
 Putnam county, xiii, 573. 
 
 Pyke, John, xiii, 406. 
 
 Pyl, Jan, xii, 311. 
 
 Quackansick, xiii, 380. 
 
 Quakers, xii, 336, 593, 008, 636; xiii, 477. 
 
 Quebec, xi ii, 531. 
 
 Queens Co., xiii, 147, 574. 
 
 Quenl)y, John, sr., xiii, 574. 
 
 Quenby, John, jr., 574. 
 
 Qucnnill (Quynnell), Thomas, xiii, 418, 448, 574. 
 
 Quessanawomineck creek, xii, 544, 550, 551, 552. 
 
 Quiackitkunk kil, xii, 500. 
 
 Quick, Tho., xiii, 544. 
 
 Quyn, Abr., xii, 158, 161, 162. 
 
 R. 
 
 Rademachor, Mr., xli, 205, 21 
 Rademaker, Claes, xlii, 11. 
 Radenian, Anthony, xii, 237. 
 Raleigh, Sir W., xiii, 486. 
 
 Rambo, Gower, xii, 544, 551, 586, 630. 
 
 Rambo (Rombouts), Peter, xii, 211. 307, 338, 463, 475, 
 
 477, 491, 506, 533, 537, 557, 559-60, 634, 648. 
 Ramkokus kil, xli, 48, 49, 533. ■ 
 Rantzau, Jonas, xiii, 153, 301, 212, 238, 261, 348, 351. 
 Raphoos Island, xiii, 506. 
 Raritan country, mine in the, xiii, 19. 
 Raritan (Raretangh) kil, xii, 77, 81, 518; xiii, 7, 31-3, 
 
 239, 313, 314, 395-6, 405. 
 Rattlesnake brook, xiii, 404. 
 Raueu, Uald, xii, 648. 
 Rausa, Olle, xii, 648. 
 Ravens, Clerk, xii, 453. 
 Rawake river, xiii, 405. 
 Rawlings, John, xii, 630. 
 Rawls, John, xiii, 403. 
 
 Rawson, Edward, secretary of Boston, xiil, 523. 
 Rawson, Olle, xii, 544, 547. 
 Ray, Alexander, xii, 647, 665. 
 Read, Thomas, xiii, 41. 
 Read, WilMam, xiii, 41. 
 Rechgawawanck, xiii, 14, 18. 
 Rechkawyck, L. I., xiii, 147. 
 Redhook, Dutchess Co., xiii, 31. 
 Red Island, xii, 333. 
 
 Redoubt, the, at the Esopus, xiii, 357, 273, 293, 313, 
 333-3, 331, 338, 340, 346, 351, 359, 393, 413, 414, 
 417, 439 etseq., 470. 
 warehouse at, xi 1 1, 470. 
 Redoubt at the Newesinghs, xiii, 356. 
 Redoubt creek, xiii, 447, 515, 553. 
 Reep, Wm., xiii, 396. 
 Regnersen, Rich'd, xii, 646. 
 Rehobath bay (Delaware river), xii, 574, 616. 
 Rehobath creek, xii, 544. 
 Rekter, Commissary, xii, 207. 
 Remahenonc, xiii, 35. 
 Renierse, Renier, xii, 490. 
 Renselaer's Hook, xiii, 315, 333. 
 Revel, Randall, xii, 318, 537, 544, 571, 51i et seq. 
 Revell, Thomas, xii, 634. 
 Rewechnoiigh (Haverstraw), xiii, 375. 
 Reyndersen, Harman, xii, 430. 
 Reyners, Herman, xii, 490. 
 Reyniertsen, Adrian, xii, 67. 
 Reynolds, John, xiii, 448. 
 Reynst, Jacobus, xii, 443. 
 Reyss, Noel, xiii, 153. 
 Rho, Jan, xi ii, 154. 
 Rhoades, 'Dr. John, xii, 511, 516, 518, 532, 545, 597, 
 
 604, 612, 627, 634-5, 638, 654. 
 Rhode Island, xiii, 493 et seq. 
 Riall, Edmund, xii, 639. 
 Richard, John, xiii, 488. 
 Richards, John, xii, 544, 620, 631. 
 Richards, Mr., xiii, 520, 530. 
 Richardson, John, xii, 626 et seq., 639, 647, 653, 660; 
 
 XIII, 460, 489. 
 Richardson, John, sr., xii, 638. 
 Richardson, John, jr., xii, 638, 665. 
 Richardson, William, xiii, 574. 
 Richbell, John, xiii, 421. 
 Richbell, Mr., xii, 525. 
 Richeson, John R., xii, 665. 
 
 Rider, John, stewart of the court at Fordham, xiii,471. 
 Rider, Robert, xiii, 466. 518, 547-8. 
 Ridgcway, Rich'd, xii, 659. 
 Rinckhout, Jan, xiii, 374. 
 Ringo, Phil. Jansen, xii, 177. 
 
Index. 
 
 609 
 
 Koberts, Robert, xii, 570. 
 
 Rodeney, Will., xiii, 506. 
 
 Rodolfif, Jurian, sergeant, xiii, 10, 14. 
 
 Roe, Elias, xii, 137. 
 
 Roeloffsen, Matthys, xiii, 104, 119, 134, 157, 19.?, 313, 
 
 330, 346, 371. 
 Roeloff Jansen's kil, xiii, 54G, 573. 
 Roes, John, xiii, 66. 
 Roes, Robert, xni, 66. 
 Roeter, Ernst, Dr., xii, 440. 
 Rogers, John, xii, 015. 
 Romey, Frederic, xii, 580. 
 Romsingh, K. J., xiii, 316. 
 Ronduyt kil, xi 1 1, 505, 506. See RedoiiU hil. 
 Rongell, Michael, xii, 048. 
 
 Roodenburgh, Vice-Director at Curai;ao, xii, 63, 64. 
 Roods, Willem, xii, 543. 
 Roophakeskv, xii, 49. 
 Roose, Albert Heymensen, xiii, 194, 196, 331, 343, 384, 
 
 339, 407 et seg., 544. 
 Roose, Arian Albertson, xiii, 410, 544. 
 Roose, John Albertson, xiii, 544. 
 Root, Simon, xll, 37, 38, 40, 44, 46, 48-50, 53, 57, 66, 
 
 871. 
 Roothaor, Jan, xiii, 515. 
 Rose, Alard, xni, 448. 
 Rose, Arian, xiii, 448. 
 Rose, John, xiii, 449. 
 Rosecrans, Sarah, xiii, 403. 
 Roseman, Harman J. M., xii, 141. 
 Roseman (Rosamond), Marten, xii, 161, 179, 506, 534, 
 
 Rosenburgh, William, surgeon, xii, 363, 437. 
 
 Rosevelt, Niclas, xiii, 544. 
 
 Rotman, Jan, xlll, 315. 
 
 Routs, Elias, xii, 381, 383, 389, 405, 413, 431. 
 
 Rowles, Bryant, xll, 634. 
 
 Roy, .Jacob Jacobsen, xiii, 19. 
 
 Rudd, John, sr., xiii, 403. 
 
 Rudolphsen, Peter, xiii, 333. 
 
 Rumachenanck. See Haverstraw. 
 
 Rumbouts, Francis, xiii, 569. 
 
 Rustdorp, XIII, 194, 370. 
 
 Rutgers, Jacob, xiii, 553. 
 
 Rutter, Gerrit, xii, 343. 
 
 Ruyter, Claes Jansen, xii, 361; xiii, 165. See De 
 
 Ruyter. 
 Ryan, Edmond, xii, 640. 
 Rycke, Abr., xii, 148. 
 Rvckevryer, Willem Comelissen, xii, 364, 375 et seq., 
 
 "381 et seg., 399 et seg. 
 Ryly, James, xiii, 488. 
 Ryndertsen, Barent, xlli, 573. 
 Rynevelt, Abraham van, xii, 337. 
 Rynevelt, Commissary, xii, 304, 313, 339. 
 Rysiugh, John. Governor of New Sweden, xii, 76 et 
 
 seg., 83, 101, 104-8, 110-1, 139, 191-3, 306, 340, 
 
 345, 413. 
 answer of, to Dir. Stuyvesant's protest, xii, 108. 
 Ry.singh, Job., jr., xii, 169. 
 Rywerts, Dinna, xii, 149. 
 
 s. 
 
 Sackville, Edw., xiii, 400. 
 Sadler, Richard, xiii, 478. 
 Safford, Joseph, xiii, 41. 
 Sagers kil, xiii, 33.5, 343. 
 Sagertjen, xii i, 387. 
 
 77 
 
 Sagertyes kil, xiii, 572. 
 St. Augustine creek, xii, 548, 549. 
 St. George's creek, xii, 548. 
 St. Jones, XII, 601, 035, 647, 654, 661, OOG, 668-9. 
 St. Jones creek, xu, 527, 652. 657, 664. 
 St. Mary's, Md., xu, 478, 503, 505, 528, 557, 612. 
 Salem, N. J., xu, 593, 599, 608, 610. See Mw Salem. 
 Salisbury, Mrs., xiii, 536. 
 
 Salisbury, Silvester, Captain, xii, 536; xui, 400, 408, 
 466, 504, 506, 510, 531, 545. 
 
 letters from, xni, 519, 530, 534, 526, 537, 530, 531. 
 
 letters to, xiii, 511, 516, 533, 525, 537. 
 Sail, Michael Jansen, xlll, 318. 
 Salloou, Bent, xli, 648. 
 Salloon, Andrews, xu, 648. 
 Salomons, Jacob, x i ll , 300. 
 Salsbury, John, xu, 630. 
 Salter, John, xu, 650. 
 Samensen, Riuier, xu, 50. 
 Sandelyn, Jacob Evertsen, xu, 26. 
 Sander, Antony, xu, 522. 
 
 Sanders, , xu, 503. 
 
 Sanders, Egbert, xiii, 234. 
 
 Sanders, Robert, xiil, 564. 
 
 Sanderson, Gerrit, xu, 490, 649. 
 
 Saiidford, Wm..Capt. of N. J., xiii, 508, 541-3. 
 
 summoned before the N. Y. Council, xiil, 544. 
 
 letter to, xiii, 540. 
 Sandhoek, on Delaware river, xu, 118, 337-8. 
 Sandpoint (Sandy Hook), xu, 104, 195, 200; xiii. 32, 
 60, 315, 396, 455. 
 
 beacon at, xui, 539. 
 Sandylands (Sanderline), James, xu, 490-1, 519, 523-4, 
 
 527, 586, 648. 
 Sanghikans, xu. 33, 57. 
 Sanghikans Island, xu, 570. 
 Saratoga (Sarachtogoe, Ochseraton<jue, Ochsechrage, 
 
 Amissohaendiek), xiii, 573. 
 Sargant, John Taylor, xui, 547. 
 Sassafras river, xu, 308, 336, 355, 439. 
 Sawkin, N. J., xu, 533. 
 Sawyers kil, xui, 505. 
 Scaffe, Christopher, xui, 535. 
 Scarborough, Edward, xu, 93. 
 Scliael, Pietcr, xu, 169. 
 Scliaep, Wouter, xu, 375. 
 Schaep, Wouter Clasen, xli, 248. 
 Schaggen, Jan, xu, 137-42, 155, 158, 160, 163, 167, 173, 
 
 183. 
 Schenectady, xui, 303, 215, 219, 221, 331, 244, 367, 374, 
 382 et seg., 464-5, 477, 514, 519, 531-2, 573. 
 
 trade at, xiii, 426, 466, 469. 
 
 fire at, xlll, 469. 
 
 government of, xui, 485, 490. 
 
 purchase of Indian land near, xui, 489. 
 
 magistrates of, letter to, xlii, 533. 
 Schepmoos, Dirck, xui, 506-7. 
 Sclu^rnicrhorn, Jacob, xui, 378. 
 Schodaek bought from the Indians, xlll, 26. 
 S(!liO(^inuafcker, .Tan Cornelisseu, xili, 37. 
 Scliollul, .Ian, XII, 106. 
 Scholey, Robert, xu, 646, 659. 
 Scholey, Thomas, xli, 646. 
 Scholten, Jan, xu, 286, 294, 340; xiii, 333-5. 
 Sclioon, Jan, xiii, 330. 
 Schot, Rosier, xu, 180. 
 Schreck, Mons., xu, 318. 
 Schreck, Paulus, xu, 360. 
 Schut, Jan, xu, 170. - 
 
610 
 
 Index. 
 
 SclmvkT, Col., 
 
 XIII, 509. 
 
 
 Schu"vlcT, Puto 
 
 , XIII, 431 
 
 439, 446. 
 
 Soluivl.'i-, IVte 
 
 Philippscn 
 
 , XIII, 243, 3G4, 266, 573. 
 
 Sclmvler, Phili 
 
 ,l.,Pie{.',-se. 
 
 , xni, 98,110, 316, 219,2 
 
 3.S7, 395, 400, 417, 508, 573. 
 Schuyler. See Pietenm, Philipp. 
 Schuylkil, xll, 29-31, 36-8, 43, 44, 61, 67, 199, 370, 
 
 Scott, Benjamin, xii, 579, 585, 635. 
 
 Scott, John, XI I, 544. 
 
 Scott, Robert, xii, 491. 
 
 Seabroke, Cleme, xll I, 538. 
 
 Scaliruck, Tom, xiii, 488. 
 
 Seatalcott, L. I., xili, 519. 
 
 Seba, Willem Jansen, xiii, 345. 
 
 Seiira, Clement, xii, 570. 
 
 Secaucus Island, xirr, 479. 
 
 Seecongh, xii, 333. 
 
 Seely, Lieut, xii, 69. 
 
 Seen, Maet, x 1 1 1 , 340. 
 
 Seete, William, xii, 83 (note). 
 
 Segersen, Gerrit, xiii, 74. 
 
 Selyns, Rev. Henricus, xiii, 155, 186, 189. 
 
 letters from, xili, 384, 391. 
 Semple, William, xn, 606, 634. 
 Senbille, Christopher, xll, 493. 
 Sergiant, .Jacob, xiii, 333. 
 Sericks, Widow, xii, 649. 
 Serjackes, Hendrick, xii, 138. 
 Seth, Jacob, xli, 605. 
 Seth, James, xii, 586. 
 
 Severyn, , xiii, 74. 
 
 Swantregger, Hendrick, xiii, 213, 230. 
 
 Seweyruckil (By rams River), xlli, 34. 
 
 Shackleton, Edward, xiii, 415. 
 
 Shackerley (Shakleday), John, xii, 620, 638, 646. 
 
 Shackerly, Mr., xii, 577. 
 
 Shakhamexunk creek, xll, 550, 551. 
 
 Shukhamuxunk, xn, 630. 
 
 Sharpe, John, xn, 525. 
 
 Sharpe, William, xn, 544. 
 
 Sharpe, Sergeant, xiii, 496, 504. 
 
 Sherrecks, John, xn, 492. 
 
 Sherwood, Thomas, xili, 489. 
 
 She-wood, William, xii, 647. 
 
 Ships— 
 
 De Arent, yacht, xiii, 177. 
 
 Aventuyr, yacht, xn, 257. 
 
 De Barbary, barkship, xn, 63. 
 
 De Beer, ship, xn, 110, 163. 
 
 de Bover, ship, xn, 95, 133, 163, 173, 175, 185, 
 354, 304, 349, 361; xin, 155, 174. 
 
 Bontekoe (Brindled Cow), ship, xn, 90, 95, 110. 
 
 de Bruynvisch, ship, xn, 337. 
 
 ' Hay," 
 
 83 (note) ; 
 
 118. 
 in, 60. 
 I, 185. 
 
 Diemen, ship, formerly de 
 
 XIII, 150. 
 Dolphin, bark, xn, 72. 
 de Draatvat, ship, xn, 190, 
 Eendracht, Swedish ship, x 
 Eendracht, yaclit, xn, l(i4; xi 
 de Endt (the Duck), yacht, xn 
 de Eyckenboom, ship, xn, 320 
 Falconier, ship, xn, 65, 67. 
 de Fenix, barkship, xn, 148. 
 Fort Albany, ship, xn, 473. 
 de Gekruyste Hart, xni, 390. 
 G-elderse Bloom (Flower of Geldcrlaud), sliiji. xn, 
 
 133, 163. 
 Goude Munlen, xn, 185, 190, 316. 
 
 189. 
 
 Ships — 
 
 de Gouden Sonne, ship, xn, 208. 
 
 de Groene Arent, ship, xn, 323, 325, 421. 
 
 Grote Christoffel, ship, xn, 87. 
 
 the Guinea, frigate, xn, 458. 
 
 de Haen, yacht, xni, 152. 
 
 de Hay, ship, xii, 71 et aeq., 185. 
 
 de Hollandsche Tuyn, ship, xn, 49. 
 
 Kent, sliip, xi i, 579. 
 
 Koninck (King) Salom(m, ship, xn, 75, 76, 85. 
 
 "L'Bsperance," French privateer, xn, 96. 
 
 De Liefde (the Love), ship, xn, 103, 304, 333, 
 335; XIII, 121. 
 
 Martha, of Hull, fly-boat, xn, 584, 585. 
 
 Marygold, ship, xn, 650. 
 
 Mary of Liverpool, sliip, xn, 592, 594. 
 
 Mercurius, Swedish ship, xn, 120, 131, \2Z et seq. 
 to 129. 
 
 de Meulen, ship, xn, 333, 236, 244. 
 
 de Moesman, ship, xn, 315, 333, 371, 304; xin, 
 170. 
 
 Nieuwe Amstel, galiot, xn, 194,203, 218, 286, 
 330. 
 
 Nevr-Amsterdam, ship, xn, 95. 
 
 Nieuw-Nederlandsche Fortuyn, xin, 121. 
 
 de Otter, ship, xn, 183; xni, 103. 
 
 de Print's, viirlit, xn, 433. 
 
 dePrinis, -.1 shi]., XII, 64. 
 
 Prints Miiurits ^lli|., xn, 133, 184, 187, 208, 307. 
 
 Prints .Maurilius ^liip, wrecked on L. I., xn, 163. 
 
 Printjf Miiurits, va.lit, xll. i45. 
 
 Prince Willem, ship, xn, 58, 04. 
 
 Purmcrland Kerek, .ship, xn, 360, 363, 368, 373, 
 379, 403, 407, 443, 447, 451. 
 
 Pyn-Apple, ship, xn, 60. 
 
 de Rosebooni. ship, xn, 303. 
 
 St. Jacob, ship, xn, 438, 437-8, 450. 
 
 St. John, XIII, 150. 
 
 St. Michiol, ship, xn, 66. 
 
 Scotcli Dutchman, ship, xn, 36. 
 
 de Sonne, ship, xn, 241, 384. 
 
 Sphera Mundi, ship, xn, 304; xin, 149. 
 
 Stede Amsterdam, xin, 81. 
 
 Swan, yacht, xn. 54, 68. 
 
 Swarte .\rent, ship, xn, 86. 
 
 Swol, ship, XII, 55, 57, 62. 
 
 De Trouw, ship, xn, 275, 317, 337; xiii. 111, 131, 
 174, 390. 
 
 de Valck, Swedish frigate, xn, 445. 
 
 Vergulde Meulen, ship, xn, 393. 
 
 Vergnlde Sonne, ship, xn, 217. 
 
 Vogelsang, ship, xn, 185, 190. 
 
 de Waasljleek, xn, 213, 217. 
 
 De Waegh, (the Balance), m.nn-of- war, xn, 89, 91, 
 95, 103, 104, 107, 134, 145, 183, 190, 193-6, 
 198-9, 301-3, 318, 240, 272; xni, 43, 63. 
 
 Welcome, j'aclit, xn, 72. 
 
 William and Nicholas, frigate, xn, 458. 
 
 de Zee-Beans, yacht, xn, 363, 396, 323. 
 Shippard, William, xin, 488. 
 Shoemaker, 011a, xn, 648. 
 Shoets (Schoete, Shuts), Swen, Swedish Lieut., xn, 
 
 45, 101-2, 105, 131, 134, 139, 141 et seq., 213, 335. 
 Shoot, Richard, xin, 489. 
 
 Shooters (Schutter's) Island, xin, 314, 542, 547 
 Shottwell, Daniel, xni, 547. 
 Shottwcll, John, xni, 547. 
 Shrewsbury, N. J., xin, 474 et seq., 539, 545. 
 
 magistrates of, are Quakers, xiii, 477. 
 
Index. 
 
 611 
 
 Sibly, Robert, xii, 624. 
 
 Sil)ly, Thomas, xii 634. 
 
 Sichtewagh, L. I., xii, 163. 
 
 Siebiants, Aeltje, xiii, 371. 
 
 Siebrants, Sil)rants. See SyhranU. 
 
 Siebrantz, Bart, xiii, 212. 
 
 Siebrantz, Dominic, xll, 153. 
 
 Sikonesse. See Horekil. 
 
 Silliakes, Jacob, xiii, 43. 
 
 Silvester, Nat., xiii, 396. 
 
 Simpson, William, xii, 544. 
 
 Simpson's choice, xii, 544. 
 
 Sincleer, Wittin, xii, 492. 
 
 Sintsinck (Sing Sing), xill, 14, 18, 302. See Indians. 
 
 Sissovvokissink creek, xii, 549, 552. 
 
 Skillman, Thomas, xiii, 418. 
 
 Skilepott kil, xii, 648. 
 
 Skrick, John, xii, 648. 
 
 Slaughter's creek, xii, 573-4. 
 
 Slecht, Cornelis Barentsen, xiii, 79, 81, 89, 93, 100, 
 
 104, 119, 155, 157, 166, 194, 196, 212-3, 236-8, 241, 
 
 311, 313, 401, 407 et seq. 
 Slecht, Jacomintje, xiii, 507. 
 Sleeper's Haven, xiii, 276. 
 Sleepy Hollow (Dutchess Co.) See Kichtaimnc. 
 Sliclitenhorst, Gerrit, xiil, 298, 378, 389. 
 Slom, Mons., xii, 33. 
 Sloubee, 011a, xii, 647. 
 Smeedes, Jan, xiii, 571. 
 
 Smeeman, Harmen, xiii, 214, 233-5, 252, 208. 
 Smit, Jau Aertzen, xiii, 213, 238, 345. 
 Smith, Andrew, xii, 615. 
 Smith, Capt. Lieut., xii, 101. 
 Smith, Claes Pietersen, xii, 179. 
 Smith, Cliarles, xiii, 535. 
 Smith, Dirck. Ensign, xii, 118, 134, 133, 133, 164, 
 
 174-5, 188, 333; xiii, 95, 97, 101, 110, 114, 128, 153, 
 
 165, 170, 178, 206. ' 
 Smith (Smidt), Dirk, Skipper, xii, 434, 436, 505; xiii, 
 
 133, 137-8, 133, 343, 345. 
 Smith, Doctoi-, xii, 583. 
 Smith, Frans, xil, 169, 179. 
 Smith, Garrett, xii, 649. 
 
 Smith, Henry, xii, 583, 589, 597, 603, 612, 654, 659. 
 Smith, Jau (Sornelissen, xill, 407. 
 Smith, John, xu, 608. 
 Smith, John, xiii, 406. 
 Smith, Jos., XII, 524. 
 Smith, Mathew, XII, 535. 
 Smith, Mathys, xii, 531. 
 Smith, Peter, xii, 533, 546. 
 Smith, Richard, xii, 72; xiii, 18. 
 Smith (Smythe), Thomas, xiii, 7. 
 Smithson, William, xu, 630, 640. 
 Smoking Point, Statea Island, xiii, 546. 
 Smuggling on the S. R., xu, 214. 
 Sneer, Barth, xu, 648. 
 Snel, Lieut., xiii, 476. 
 Snelling, Thomas, xu, 644, 649. 
 Snewit, Juriacn, xu, 425. Sec Keen. 
 Snyder, Jau Bareutz, xiii, 212. 
 Sogemacklie, Peter, xiii, 353. 
 Soupnapka, xu, 533. 
 Southampton, L. I., xiii, 537. 
 Southrin, Edward, xu, 572, 574, 587, 589, 597, 603, 
 
 613, 638. 
 Spartes, William, xu, 665. 
 Specht, Gerrot, xu, 180. 
 Spelen, Fabryk, xu, 207, 218. 
 
 Spicer, Samuel, xiu, 315, 396. 
 
 Spitsbergen, T., xiil, 156. 
 
 Spoor, Aert Otten, xiii, 313. 
 
 SpringfieUl, Mass., xiii, 21, 307, 511. 
 
 Spry, Thomas, xu, 543. 
 
 Spuyten Duyvel (Spiting Devil), xu 
 
 bridge at, xili, 441, 538. 
 
 settlement at, xili, 424. 
 
 Indian name Papirinimoii, xiii, 
 Spyer, Hendrick Janseu, xill, 233. 
 Stpiaklieag, xi ii, 511. 
 
 181), 
 
 Staas), Abraham, xi 
 Jl«, :!04, 350, 515. 
 
 96; XI 
 
 10,5, 133, 
 
 btacy. Robert, xil, 579, 611, 614, 635. 
 
 Staelcop, .Tan, xu, 131, 141, 159, 169, 182-3, 324, 369, 
 
 399, 417, 466, 469-70, 607, 647. 
 Stamford, Conn., xiii, 17. 58. 
 Stangh, Jacob, xi ii, 13. 
 Stapelfort, Bayd., xu, 630. 
 Starker, Bartel, xu, 470. 
 Starvelt, Adrian Hubertsen, xu, 342. 
 Stateu Island, xu, 59, 80, 253, 35.5, 434; xiu, 6, 7, 9, 
 32, 30, 33, 49, 57, 60, 74, 121, 134, 147, 171, 200, 
 205-6, 323, 239, 305, 314, 321, 356, 391..3. 424, 
 466, 481, 485, 518, 535, 542, 546, 563, 567, 747. 
 
 government of, xi 1 1, 415. 
 
 conditions for settlers on, xiu, 425. 
 
 Indian lands on, XIII, 441. 
 
 Indians claim not to have been paid for their lands 
 on, XIII, 453. 
 
 Indian name for, xiii, 455. 
 
 Indian deed for, xiu, 455. 
 
 two new townships on, to be surveyed, xiii, 458. 
 
 survey of, ordered, xiii, 466. 
 
 settlement of, xiu, 485. 
 
 claimed by New Jersey, xiu, 551. 
 
 town meeting on, xiu, 556, 567. 
 Staut, Dirck, xiu, 315. 
 Stebbings, Benoni, xiu, 511. 
 Steenbakers Hook (Brickmakers Point), xu, 140. 
 Steenliuysen, Engelbert, xiu, 231, 233-5, 318. 
 Steenman, Jan Julian, xiu, 154. 
 
 Steeuwyck, Corn., xu, 180-1, 475-7, 479,484, 486,497, 
 506. 507, 512; xiil, 299, 362, 377, 456,464,468,479, 
 536. 
 Steenwyck, Cornelis Jacobsen, xu. 111; xiu, 51. 
 Steinmits, Ca.spar, xiu, 214, 231, 233-5, 394, 319. 
 Steinmits (Steimits), xiu, 570. 
 Sterdeur, Bernard, xu, 269, 278. 
 Steurs, Oloff, xu, 137. 
 Stevens, Francis, xu, 561. 
 Stevens, Henry, xu, 647, 665. 
 
 Stevens, John, xu, 544, 573, 578, 586, 619, 637 et scq. 
 631, 630, 644, 647, 652, 657, 660. 
 
 letter from, xu, 583. 
 Stevens, William, xu, 544, 636 et seq. 
 Stephen.s, Witt, xu, 630. 
 Stevenson, Henry, xu, 544, 620. 
 Stevensen, Oloff, xu, 150, 208; xiu, 18,41, 151, 166. 
 
 See Van Cortlandt. 
 Stickland, John, letters from, xiu, 193. 195. 
 
 Stidden, Timen, Dr., 
 426, 607, 642. 
 
 Stiles. See Styleg. 
 Stille, Jan, xu, 586. 
 Stille, Oloff. xu, 33, 
 Still well. Daniel, xu 
 Stilhvell, Nicolas, xi i 
 
 xu, 106, 158, 301, 362,412,422, 
 
 7, 336, 366, 425, 439, 550. 
 
 548. 
 
 269-70, 324 ctseq., 415. 
 
612 
 
 Index. 
 
 Stillwell, Richard, xin, 441, 556, 507. 
 
 letter from, xill, 567. 
 Stire, OlofT, xii, 211. 
 Stirssen, Ele, xii, 138. 
 Stock, Arthur, ensign, xil, 463. 
 Stoffelsen, Jacob, xiii, 18. 
 Stoker, Jan, xii, 351. 
 
 Stoll, Jacob Jansen, xiii, 7fi, 79, 81, 82, 85, 87, 
 94, 96, 99, 100, 102-3, 111, 114, 116, 157, 192, 
 Stoll, Willem Jansen, xiii, 312. 
 Stone, Capt, xiii, 424. 
 Stonebrook, xii, 508. 
 Stoock, Huybert Jansen, xiii, 40. 
 Stout, Richard, xiii, 3U0. 
 Stoutenburgh, Jacob, xiii, 119. 
 Stoutenburgh, Jacob J., xiii, 104, 115, 117 15 
 
 89, 93, 
 213. 
 
 7, 31 ;s. 
 
 Straatemaker, Uirck, xiii, 14. 
 
 Straatemakers kil, N. J., xiii, 31, 23. 
 
 Stratford river, xi 1 1, 490. 
 
 Streeter, Henry, xii, 588. 
 
 Stretcher, Henry, xir, 586, 605. 
 
 Strieker, Henry, xii, 544. 
 
 Stringham, Peter, xii, 615. 
 
 Strycker, Jacob, xiii, 43. 
 
 Stuyte, Andries, xii, 137. 
 
 Stuyvesant, Balthazar Laser, xill, 230. 
 
 Stuyvesant, Nicolaus Will., xiir, 230. 
 
 Stuyvesant, Petrus, Director-General of New Nether- 
 land, XI I, 35, S8, 40-1, 43, 45-0, 53, 73, 77, S3, 89-93, 
 95-8, 105-7, 111, 113, 117, 130-1, 133 et neq., 137-8, 
 130, 133, 140, 145, 163, 165, 106, 168, 170, 171, 173, 173, 
 174, 178, 183, 184, 185, 191, 193, 194, 195, 196, 
 198, 199, 201 et seq., 310 212 «< seq., 215, 219 et 
 seq., 232 ei seq., 253 et seq., 260, 301, 373, 295, 
 304, 313, 330, 336, 3^9, 307, 449, 453, 455; xiii, 
 51, 58-9, 81, 83, 95, 104, 110, 113, 124, 106, 171, 
 178, 186, 189, 190, 192, 206, 211, 214, 321, 331, 
 239^1, 343, 347, 249, 253, 258, 306, 268, 301, 
 303, 313, 315, 333, 357 et seq., 306, 377, 388 ct seq., 
 391, 416, 429, 446, 477. 
 journals of, xiii, 87, 183. 
 letters from, xir, 39, 50, 52-67, 69, 101, 102, 240, 
 
 249, 254, 359, 288. 304, 317, 326, 332, 347, 
 
 389, 408, 421, 453, 455; xii 
 101, 103, 107, 123, 128, 130, 
 161, 162, 165, 169, 174, 17-|, WU, I 
 194, 204, 223, 244, 249, 'ir,]. j; , - 
 289, 290, 292, 296, 297, ;!o;. jh;, : 
 323, 356, 358, 359, 365, 37;^, :i.s2, : 
 letters to, xii, 41, 43, 46, 47, 53, 08, 
 
 80, 88, 90, 91, 101, 113, 119, 138, 131, 163, 173, 
 183, 185, 187, 102, 101, 197, 108, 200-1, 204-5, 
 213-216, 222^, O-'i:, J?- !i. •':!, i.;: >;, 'I' :;. 
 245, 247-8, 250, ;.'-- :',.-,. •-;!,' ^ 
 286-7, 289, 293-:;, - ; .. :> . . •• ,! • , i ,. 
 318, 321-2, 324, ::ji;, -ij^ ; :l I, : v>, :: ' ':, 
 349-51, 354-0, 358-01, 363-1, ;;i;s, .;; i, ;::i. ::H. 
 387, 391, 395-0, 403, 406-7, 4lo :, l i ; :<. I _■ .'. 
 424, 437, 430-1, 433-8, 440, 41;;, 11-. !i, I..1; 
 XIII, 23, 26-7, 33-5, 39, 47, 63, 70, 7;i, 75-H, ,sii, 
 88-9, 91, 90, 98-100, 105, 111, 114-0, 118-9, 
 121-2, 126, 129, 132-4, 149, 154-6, 158, 164, 160, 
 170, 174-5, 187, 190-1, 201-2, 208, 313, 215, 
 227-8, 235, 237, 344-5, 258, 200, 203, 265, 366-8, 
 271-2, 383, 286, 298, 303, 308, 311, 317-8, 351, 
 354-5, 366, 368, 873. 
 
 Styles (Stilos), Samuel, xii, 586, 588, 005, 044, 652. 
 
 Budbury, xiii, 520. 
 
 43, 45, 100, 
 34, 113, 151, 100, 
 
 74, 85, 
 
 Sullivan Co., N. Y., xiii, 340 n. 
 
 tSu])iK,(;l<ongh, Indian name for Fort Casimir, xii, 166. 
 
 Surveys, XII, 547. See, also Patents. 
 
 Swuniptown, xii, 592, 608, 610. See JSfejo Salem, N. J. 
 
 Swain, Jan. xill, 233-4, 268, 360. 
 
 Swacnenburgli, Kingston so called, xili, 475. 
 
 S\v;icne\vyek, xii, 533, 535, 575. 645. 
 
 Swiiiii.', W.H, 11.., Ml, .-.57,559. 
 
 S«;iiiii. k, >, lii.li;iii ii;iiiu. for the Dutch, xiii, 47, 85. 
 
 .SwaiiM.n, Aii.hvu, \i i, 047. 
 
 Hwun.son, Dlto, xii, (;:!4, 036, 647. 
 
 Svvanson, Swan, xii, 047. 
 
 Swart, Or., sheriff, xiii, 150, 103, 378. 
 
 Swart, Jacob, xiii, 48. 
 
 Swiirt, Jan, xil, 141. 
 
 .Swart, , XII, 120. 
 
 SuMi't, Tennis Cornclisson, xiii, 500. 
 
 Swai-twout, Roelott, sheriif at the Esopus, xi 1 1, 158, 176, 
 188, 194, 201, 205, 212. 227, 232, 238-9, 245, 249, 
 251, 257, 318-9, 336, 341, 353, 357-8, 408, 445 ei 
 seq., 544. 
 appointed sheriff, xiii, 199. 
 suspended 
 reai)point<'cl 
 letters from, xil I, 327, 338. 
 
 Swartwout, Thomas, xiii, 213. 
 
 Swedes, xii, 38, 30, 37, 38, 40, 43-7, 51 n., 56, 57, 61, 
 63-5, 67, 73, 73, 83, 85, 86, 88, 90, 99, 100, 103, 
 105, 106, 110, 113, 115, 119-22, 126, 132, 139, 169, 
 172, 174, 188, 190, 211-2, 221, 232, 236, 247, 250, 
 254, 256, 271, 283, 287, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 
 302, 304, 305, 300, 308, 315, 316, 319, 322, 330, 
 340. 345, 350, 353, 857, 308, 370, 372, 376 et seq., 
 406i 410, 419, 432, 445, 440, 450, 451, 455, 457, 
 402, 508. 536, .539; xiii, 384. 
 uprising of tlie, feared, xii, 121. 
 on the S. H. to form a vilhige, xii, 190. 
 and Fins, number of, xii, 209. 
 the slieriff of tiie, discharged, xii, 338. 
 
 Swedish designs on the S. K., xii. 445. 
 
 Swedish Soutli Company, xii, 83, 104, 106-7, 109, 111, 
 191. 
 
 Swens, Jacob, xii, 302, 312, 316, 344, 406, 414, 419. 
 
 Sum-, .11, (l(.|,., XII, 586. 
 
 .-^«..,,-k,., ,l,.„.,,h, XII, 172, 313. 
 
 Sw,ns,,„, ,l:„.,,l,, XII, 420,424,426. 
 
 S\M.rin(.|<, llcndrick. XI 1 1, 74. 
 
 Swils, Cornelis, xiii, 571. 
 
 S\ brants, Dominicus, XII, 377 et seq., 383 et seq., 392, 
 
 S\ 
 
 
 11.., 
 
 drick, 
 
 XII. 561. 
 
 S\ 
 
 
 ■u, II 
 
 ,ndri( 
 
 k, XII, 530 
 
 s'\ 
 
 .r;nil.s 
 
 ■11, .1 
 
 11, XI 
 
 , 490, 491. 
 
 s'v 
 
 ncnsc 
 
 1, Ar 
 
 I'U, XI 
 
 I, 90. 
 
 sy 
 
 mons, 
 
 VVilk 
 
 m, XI 
 
 I, 432. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tach, Aert Pietersen, xiii, 230. 247. 
 
 Tarlipiiusnan (Tackpusha, Tapousagh), chief of Marse- 
 
 |.iiP_^li, \i II, .IS, 1 17, 180, 285, 37.5. 
 T,i. k, Vnnl I'lHri-.n, xill, 212, 347, 370. 
 
 T,.i. k.|iiii r-v \M ,MI. 
 
 TlHlr, Mi.llirk \l I, 1114. 
 
 Taillcr, Willrm, xii, 182; xill, 221. 
 
 Tnilor, J(.,s,.|,h, XIII, 488, 574. 
 
 T:il(.ot, John, letter from, to S. Salisbury, xi 1 1, 510, 520. 
 
 'riillcnt, HoImtI, xii, 644. 
 
 Talleur, Will'm, xii, 0.57. 
 
Index. 
 
 613 
 
 Talman, Peters, xii, 72. 
 
 Taorackan, xri, 051. 
 
 Tappaen, xui, 14, 18, 29, 55, 300, 354, 375, 551. 
 
 Tappaen Htxik. xiii, 353. 
 
 Tanta, Hcudrick, xii, 648. 
 
 Taylor, John, xiii, 547. 
 
 Taylor, William, xii, 537, 633. 
 
 't Dyrsen, Jan, xi i, 56, 57. 
 
 Teeman, Mr., xii, 647. 
 
 Teeneman, Dr., xir, 623. ^ 
 
 Teller, Andrees, xil, 649. 
 
 Teller, William, xiii, 253, 367. 
 
 Temple, Sir Thomas, xiii, 296, 298, 307. 
 
 Ten Broek, Dirck Wessels, xi 1 1, 571, 573. 
 
 Ten Broek, Wessel, xiii, 506-7. 
 
 Ten Eyck, Conrad, xii, 436. 
 
 Ten Farms, the, xrii, 404. 
 
 Tennis-court at Esopus, xiii, 11.5. 
 
 Terheun, John Albertson, xii, 006. 
 
 Teschemaeker, Rev. Peter, xi i, 633, 030, 041, 043; xi 1 1, 
 
 544. 
 Teschett, Pieter Jansen, xii, 881. 
 Teunissen, Claesje, xiii, 233, 311. 
 Teunissen, Cornells, xii, 124, 158, 180; xiii, 76. 
 Teunissen, Dirck, xiii, 233, 234. 
 Teunissen, Gerrit, xiii, 481, 494. 
 Teunissen, Hendrick, cadet, from Suytloh, xu, 134. 
 Teunissen, Hendrick, xiii, 233, 234. 
 Teunissen, Jacob, from Naerden, xiii, 143, 154. 
 Teunissen, Jan, xu, 118, 276. 330. 
 Teunissen, Joost van Noorden. xu, 54, 71. 
 Teunissen, Jurian, xui, 223, 389, 397. 481. 
 Teunissen, Leendert, xu, 493. 
 Teunissen, Michael, xui, 233. 
 Teunissen, Romein, xui, 233. 
 Teunissen, Sweer, Magi.stratc of Schenectady, xiii, 
 
 465, 500. 
 Teunissen, Tobias, xiii, 9. 
 Teunison, Claus, xui, 544. 
 Thomas, the Cooper, xui, 233. 
 Thomas, the Irishman, xui, 296, 331, 338, 341. 
 Thomas, Daniel, xui, 547. . 
 Thomas, Jan, xiii, 219, 220, 243, 259, 263, 200, 439, 
 
 519. 
 Thomas, Jannetje, xu, 137. 
 Thomas, Mr., Mayor of N. Y., xui, 530. 
 Thomasen, Jan, xiii, 192, 304, 309. 
 Thomason, Christian, xu, 552. 
 Thomason, Peter, xu, 544, 552. 
 
 Thomason, , xu, 620. 
 
 Thomassen, Klas, xii, 100. 
 Thomassen, Paulus, xlll, 203. 
 Thomassen, Thomas, xlii, 202. 
 Thomson, Christiana, xu, 544. 
 Thomson, William, xui, 487. 
 Throckmorton. John, xui, 10, 15. 
 Throckmorton's Neck (Westchester Co.), xiii, 15. 
 Thusk, XII, 544. 
 Tibout, Jan, xu, 156, 158. 
 Tiddens, Tymen, xu, 138-9, 148 el, seq., 103. 
 Tillmouth Haven, xu, 620. 
 Tilton, .Tohn, Clerk of Gravcsend, xui, 39, 396. 
 Timmer (Timber) Island, xu, 104. 
 Timmerman, Jan Barentz, xiii, 213, 230. 
 Tinnekonck (Tinicum, Pa.), xu, 29, 33, 48, 49, 130, 
 151, 160, 204. 207, 302, 310, 357, 305, 308, 420, 
 425, 440, 506, 648. 
 Court of, xu, 159. 
 Tinnekonck Island, xu, 526, 018. 
 
 8, 92, 110. 
 
 Tionnontopfuin, xlii, 524, 504. 
 Tippett, George, xui, 441. 
 Tison, John, xu, 048. 
 Toennissen, Jacob, xui, 171 
 
 Tom, William, xu, 463, 404, 471, 474, 476, 480, 484 
 490, 492, 495, 496, 501, 506, 515. 517, 524 525 
 534, 558, 559, 560, 501, 50:i, 575, 577, 581, 589^ 
 dies, xu, 592, 595, 597, 600, 600, 049. 
 letters from, xu, 493, 535. 
 Tom, the Irishman, xu, 485. 
 Toma.s,sen, Jan, xui, 40, 48, I 
 Toniassen, Paulus, xui, 154. 
 Tomas.s('n, Tomas, xiil. 154. 
 Toniissen, .Ian, xu, 380, 30G, 3: 
 Tonikins, John, xlii, 489. 
 Tomkins, Nathaniel, xui, 489. 
 Tomson, Mr., xiii, 519. 
 Tonneman, Pieter, xu, 160, 
 
 XIII, 80. 
 Toocke, Gerritt, xiii, 220. 
 Tornaborg, xu, 109. 
 Torson, Olle, xu, 143, ' 
 
 048-9. 
 Tourscn, Sander, xiii, 67 
 Touw, Samuel, ) 
 Towocanowinck 
 
 173, 
 
 192, 210, 213; 
 
 58, 101, 470, 490, 500, 539, 
 
 41. 
 544, 550, 552. 
 Trade to and in the Delaware District, xu, 59, 00, 08, 
 
 70-1. 87, 117, 128, 130, 19,5, 212, 216, 238, 418. 
 Trade on Hudson's River, xui, 458, 478. 
 Trade with the Indians, xui, 34-5, -39, 67, 157. See 
 
 Ordinances. 
 Tiaily, xu, 605. 
 Trayly, Robert, xu, 586, ,588. 
 Treat, Robert, Dep. Governor of Connecticut, xui, 208, 
 
 210, 218. 331, 260, 281, 501, 530. 
 Trenton falls, N. .1., xli, 255. See Mec/geckesKou. 
 IVinity Hook, xu, 191, 474. See Verdrietige Ilook . 
 Trois-Rivieres, xui, 113. 
 Trois-Rivicre.s, Governor of, xiii, 88. 
 True, William, xu, 586, 005. 
 Trumpeters, Andrews, xil, 048. 
 Tudden, Andiies, xu, 138. 
 Tunys, Aaron, xl li, 448. 
 Turner, Anonias, xui, 547. 
 Turner, John, xu I, 488, 574. 
 Turner, Nathaniel, Capt., xu, 70. 
 Turnier, Daniel, xui, 421. 
 Turtle falls, xu, 210. 
 Turtle falls Kill, xu, 308,309. 
 Twyler's Flat, L. I., xui, 27. 
 Tym, Isaac, called Pieriere, 
 Tyre, Anthony, xui, 547. 
 Tyson, John, xui, 482. 
 Tyssen, Claes, xiii, 250, 277, 283, 
 Tyssen, Jacques, xui, 246. 
 Tyssen, Lisbct, xui, 12. 
 
 u. 
 
 Ulster County, xui, 5,33, 574. 
 I'nderiiill. John, Captain, xiii, 17, 18. 
 Upland, Pa., xu, 30, 109, 191, 307, 356, 367, 425, 439, 
 506, 508, 534, 526, 501-2, 585, 006, 609, 034. 648, 
 
 187, 502. 
 
 Court of, xu, 525, 586. 
 Upland's Kil, xu, 321, 413, 425. 
 Urian, Hansa, xu, 048. 
 Urianson, Andrew, xu, 048. 
 Urianson, Erick, xu, 409. 
 
r.u 
 
 Index. 
 
 574. 
 
 Ill, 153. 
 Ill, 378. 
 , 572. 
 
 Uselton, Francis, xiii, 548. 
 TJstas, Jens, xii, 469. 
 
 Utie, Nathaniel, xii, 247, 350, 253, 255, 259, 261, 
 364, 307, 321, 337, 355, 417. 
 
 T. 
 
 Vaegt, Tennis, xiii, 154. 
 
 Vain, Thomas, xiii, 488. 
 
 Vaile, Thomas, sen., xiii 
 
 Vaile, Samuel, xiii, 574, 
 
 Vallett, Capt.i xii, 406. 
 
 Van Acker, Joris Esias, x 
 
 Van Akon, Jan Coster, x 
 
 Van Ale, Lawrence, xiii 
 
 Van Alen, Peter, xiii, 230. 
 
 Van Baal, .Jan Heudricksen, xiii, 350, 378. 
 
 Van Barnefelt, Herman Hendricks, xiii, 154. 
 
 Van Beek, Mr., xi i, 190. 
 
 Van Bergh, Lucas Dirks, xii, 473. 
 
 Van Bookhoven, Ryk Clasen, xiii, 573. 
 
 Van Borsim, Saartie, Indian interpreter, xlil, 479. 
 
 Van Bremen, Dirk Jansen, xili, 193. 
 
 Van Bremen, Jan, xiii, 74. 
 
 Van Breuckeler, C. T., xiii, 156. 
 
 Van Brugge, Carel, Commissary, xii, 173-3. 
 
 Van Brugh, Johannes, xiii, 456. 
 
 Van Bursum, Cornelis, xiii, 554. 
 
 Van Campen, Gerrit, xlll, 90, 1.54, 202, 313, 230. 
 
 Van Campen, Gerrit Jansen, xlll, 195. 
 
 Van Campen, Jacob, xiii, 153. 
 
 Van Campen, Jan, xiii, 153. 
 
 Van Corlcr, Jacobus, xiii, 40, 43, 48. 
 
 Van Cortlandt, Oloff Stevenson, xiii. 69, 178, 3 
 
 323, 416, 456. 
 Van Cortlandt, Stephanas, xii, 633; xiii, 497, 5 
 
 51.5, 536, 551, 554. 
 Van Cortlandt. See Stevenson, Oloff. 
 Van Couwenhoven, Jacob, xiii, 314. 
 Van Couwenhoven, Jacob Wolf ertson, xii, 66. 
 Van Couwenhoven, P. W., xiii, 386 e« seq.. 393, S 
 
 300, 303, 304 et seg., 308, 314, 338 etseq., 363-4, S 
 Van Couwenhoven, W. G., xiii, 27. 
 Van Couwenhoven. See Gerritsen and WoJfertsen. 
 Van Curler, Arent, xiii, 35, 109, 110, 133, 156, 1 
 
 181, 215, 219, 253, 268, 469. See Curler. 
 Van Curler, Mrs. Antonia, xiii, 469. 
 Vandemark, Thomas, xiii, 544. 
 
 Vanden As, , xii, 213. 
 
 Van den Berch, Claes, xiii, 388. 
 
 Van den Bosch, Harmen Martensen, xiii, 301. 
 
 Van den Burgh, Hendrick, xii, 641. 
 
 Van den Buss, Jan, xlli, 154. 
 
 Van der Bilt. See Walingen, Simeon. 
 
 Van der Bosch, Jan, watchmaker, xii, 314, 229, s; 
 
 Van der Burgh, xii, 636. 
 
 Van der CapcUe toe Ryssell, Baron, xiii, 61, 121, i 
 
 Van der Capelle toe Ryssell, Baron Alexander, xi 1 1, 33. 
 
 Van der Capelle, Frederick, xiii, 205. 
 
 Van der Capelle, Baron Hendrick, xi 1 1, 28, 31-3, 74-5. 
 letter from, xiii, 32. 
 
 Van der Donck, Adrian, xiii, 21, 59. 
 
 Van der Donck, Younker, xili, 421. 
 
 Van der Goes, Peter Lucas, xii, 458. 
 
 Van der Grist, Paulus Leendersen, xli, 45, 50, 98, 
 295-6, 311, 342, 374; xiii, 50, 55-6, 317, 333, 360, 
 363, 377, 414, 416. See Leendertsen, Patilus. 
 
 Van der Hoykens, Cornelis, Fiscal of N. N., xui, 5, 
 
 12, 14, 18, 26. 
 Van der Hydcn, Jan Cornelissen, xiii, 370, 374. 
 Van der Hyden, Paulus Cornelissen, xlll, 370. 
 Van der Linde, Joost, xiii, 371. 
 Van der Liphorst, Lucas, xui, 40. 
 
 Van der Nas, , xii, 334, 341. 
 
 Van der Sluys, Andries, xiii, 78-9, 82, 91, 93, 99, 230. 
 Van der Slyck, Corn. Aut., fails to assert his claim on 
 
 theCatskil lands, xiii, 26. 
 Van der Slyk. See Antonissen, Cornelis. 
 Van der Veelde, Jacob, xii, 490. 
 Van der Veen, Pieter, xiii, 93. 
 Van der Veen, Walewyn, xiii, 183. 
 Van der Veer, Jacob, xii, 183, 345, 534, 633, 641, 643, 
 
 647. 
 Van der Veere. See Adriansen, Maryn. 
 Van der Venne, Jan, notary, xiii, 38. 
 V.an Diemen, William, xil, 339. 
 Van Dincklage, Lubbert, Vice-Director, xii, 37, 41, 
 
 43, 51, 58, 59; xiii, 23, 30, 33, 75. 
 Van Dor, Cornelis, xii, 98. 
 Van Duinkercken, Adrian, xiii, 153. 
 Van Dyk, Cornelius, xiii, 519, 571. 
 
 letter from, xi 1 1, 558. 
 Van Dyk, Gregory, xii, 30, 37, 151, 172, 190, 211, 356, 
 
 358, 364, 394, 398, 301, 308, 312, 336, 338. 
 Van Dyk, Hendrick, Fiscal of N. N., xil.SO, 98; xiii, 
 
 50, 56, 70, 91, 149. 
 Van Eimendorp, Jacob, xiii, 410. 
 Van Elslandt, Claes, xiii, 38, 160. 
 Van Elswyck, Hendrick, xii, 76 etseq. ' 
 Van Eps, Jan, Magistrate of Schenectady, xiii, 465, 
 
 500. 
 Van Eten, Jacob Johnson, xiii, 544. 
 Van Eyst, Reynier, xii, 473. 
 Van Flet, Garrett, xiii, 544. 
 Van Gansevoort, Harnian, xill, 481, 566. 
 Van Gezcl, Cornelis, xii, 279, 290, 393, 394, 396, 398, 
 
 :!i)'.i. ;:ir,, :;-2o-i, 328, 348-50, 353, 354 etseq., 421. 
 Van liarlrn, |>,ti-r, XI 1 1, 195, 303, 313, 345-6. 
 Van llar.lnil.ur-li, ArnoldBs, XII, 53,60. 
 Van Harris, .Marv, xii, 513. 
 Van Hartogvi'lilt, Johan, xii, 440. 
 VanHengrl, .\rciit, xi 1 1, 74. 
 VanHeerde, Jan Aertscn, xiii, 74. 
 Van Heerde, Albert Gysbertsen, xiii, 74. 
 Van Heyst, Reynier, xii, 286, 391. 
 Van Ilpendam, Adrian, xiii, 566, 571. 
 Van Ilpendam, Jan Jansen, xii, 36. 
 Van Imborgh, Gvsbert, surgeon, xiii, 188, 238, 304, 
 
 245, 251, 257, 271-2, 326, 330, 369. 
 Van Imbor^Ii, IJacliol, xiii. 271. 
 Van Immen, .Tan (icnitMii, mi, 303; xiii, 37. 68. 
 Van Keei-n. Srr M, ,;,.,/, rf.-, „. M,i/„dcrt. 
 Van Kuyck, Tcti i- .I.iu'm n. xrii, :)05. 
 Van Leinborj;h, Matlliys, xii, 388. 
 Van Linden, Jocst, xiii, 233. 
 Van Loon, Jan, xi 1 1, 566. 
 Van Marcken, Jan Gerrettsen. xii, 303, 311 
 
 347; XIII, 464-5. 
 Van Marken, Thomas, xiii, 414. 
 Van Nas, Abraham, xii, 248, 353, 355, 
 
 352, 300, 364, 368, 375, 379, 383, 386, 399, 415. 
 Van Nes, Cornelius, xiii, 156. 
 Van Oklenzeel, Elske, xi ll, 75. 
 Van Oklenzeel, Jan, xiii, 75. 
 Van Olinda, Pieter Daniels, xili, 253. 
 Van Oysterhoud, Jan .Tansen, xiii, 411. 
 
 314, 326, 
 
 -8, 328, 335, 
 
Index. 
 
 615 
 
 Van Petten, Claes Frederick, xiii, 221. 
 
 Van Reede, Gerard, Baron of Nederhorst, xiii. 9. 
 
 Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah, xill, 108, 110, 122, l.jG, 161, 
 
 258, 264, 283, 292, 299, 307, 355, 400. 
 Van Rensselaer, family of, xiii, 533. 
 Van Ruvven, Cornelis, secretary of N. N., xii, 17, 91, 
 94, 97' 107-8, 171. 183, 213, 220, 244, 259-61, 263-6, 
 269, 272, 286, 288, 304, 330, 374, 432, 436, 512, 618; 
 XIII, 142, 151-3, 169, 175, 178, 211, 241, 248, 284, 
 286-7, 299, 306, 317, 330, 357, 377, 406, 414, 453, 456, 
 479. 
 Van Rynevelt, Abr., xii, 229. 
 Van Schaick. See Oerretaen, Ooose. 
 Vaa Schaick, Goose Gerritse, xiii, 219, 221. 
 Van Schalkewyck, Hendrick Janseu, xiii, 38. 
 Van Schelluyne, Dirck, xii, 83, 108, 208; xiii, 186, 
 
 193, 330, 358, 283, 293, 298, 308-9, 355, 379. 
 Van Schoenderwort. See Rutger, Jacobseii. 
 Van Schoffen, Col. Sigismund, xii, 55. 
 Van Seventer, L., xii, 89, 215; xui, 31, 159. 
 Van Slechtenhorst, Brant, xii, 48, 372; xiii, 20, 28. 
 Van Slichtenhorst, Gerritt, xiii, 482, 510, 515, 562. 
 Van Slyck, Aeckes Coruelissen, xiii, 374. 
 
 Van Steenderen, , xi 1 1, 75. 
 
 Van Steenwyck, Albert Jansen, siii, 414. 
 Van Steenwyck, Gerrit Jansen, corporal, xiii, 75. 
 Van Sweeringen, Gerrit, xi i, 166, 185, 239, 355, 265, 282, 
 292, 295, 303, 309, 811, 314, 319, 335, 328, 333, 333, 
 335, 349, 360, 363, 364, 381 et seq., 388, 390, 393, 397, 
 398, 400, 403. 405, 406, 408, 416, 422, 424, 427, 431, 
 43G-9, 450, 453, 643. 
 Van Swol, Barent Jansen, xil, 179. 
 VanTappen, Jurian Teunissen, xiii, 566. 
 Van Tienhoven, Adrian, xii, 38, 44-5; xiii, 70. 
 Van Tienhoven, Cornelis, xii, 26, 28, 40, 43, 44, 46-7, 
 62, 65-6, 76-7, 83, 91, 93, 95-7, 118, 120-1, 123 et seq., 
 127-8, 144, 371; xiii, 3-5. 7-9, 12, 17-8, 20, 33, 36, 
 38, 56, 61-2, 70. 
 Van Tiicht, Gerret, xi 1 1, 456. 
 Van Twiller, Johannes, xiii, 25. 
 
 VanTwiller (Twyler), Wouter, xil, 48; xiii, 26-7, 33. 
 Van Tysen, Jan, xiii, 545. 
 Van Veer, Jacob, xii, 308, 319, 321, 334. 
 Van Vleek, Tiebnan, xi l, 342. 345 ; xi 1 1. 207, 214, 333-5, 
 
 271, 394. 319. 
 Van Vorjs, Peter, xiii, 535. See Be Vors. 
 Van Vorst, Gerrit, xiii, 11. 
 Van Vorst, Hendrick Cornelissen, xiii, 4. 
 Van Vorst, Ida Cornelissen, xiii, 366. 
 Van Vredenborgh, William, xiii, 154, 213. 
 Van Weesp. See Willemsen, B. 
 
 Van Werckhoven, Cornelis, xii, 133; xill, 29, 31-4, 60. 
 Van Westphalen, Jurian, xill, 72. See Westphalen. 
 Van Zyll, Ab. Ferd., Capt., xi 1 1, 473. 
 Varleth, Nicolas, xiii, 67, 144-5. 163, 178, 233-1, 341, 
 
 443, 447. 
 Varlet, William, xii, 71. 
 Varnier, Adrian, xiii, 154. 202. 
 
 Vasterick, , xii, 55, 373. 
 
 Vasterick, Gerrit, xii, 56-7, 63. 
 
 Vedders, Harmen, xiii, 99, 367, 573. 
 
 Velcker, Peter, xii, 539. 
 
 Velsen, Gerrit, xiii, 105. 
 
 Veltliuysen, Nicolas, sergeant, xiii, 74. 
 
 Verbeeck, Jan, xiii, 109, 132, 161, 192. 378. 
 
 Verbraak, C. H., xii, 382 et seq., 401-3, 432. 
 
 Verbraack, Mr., xii i, 301. 
 
 Verbraek, Claes, xii, 384. 
 
 Verbruggen, Michael, xiii, 154, 202, 313. 
 
 Verckenskil, xii, 610. 
 
 Verdrietige Hook (Trinity Hook), xii, 191, 384, 506, 
 
 536, 539, 648. 
 Verdun, Thomas, xiii, 524, 527. 
 
 Verhoofe. Cornelis, xi i, 573, 575, 583, 586-9, 597, 600-1, 
 60.5, 612, 620, 622, 626 et seq., 631, 635, G37 et seq., 
 652, 655, 657, 667. 
 letter from, xii, 653. 
 Verlyden, Jan Swart, xii, 137. 
 Vernoy, Cornelius, xiii, 451. 
 Verplanck, Abr. Isaacsen, xiii, 3, 7. 
 Verplanck, Guilian, xii, 570, 623; xiii, 569. 
 Venie, Michael, xiu, 153, 164, 212, 230, 246-7, 251. 
 Verveelen, Johannes, xiii, 431, 441. 
 Vetsen, Dirck, skipper, xill,.129. 
 Vidette, Jean, xii, 341. 
 
 Viele, Arnout Cornelissen, xili. 374, 465, 496, 499, 504, 
 516, 519-30, 526, 538, 557-8, 572-3. 
 land given to, as a present, by Indians, 545. 
 Vincent, John, xiii, 547. 
 Vine, John, XII, 632, 626. 
 
 Virginia, xii, 64, 93, 190, 195-7, 200, 202, 205, 215, 218, 
 236-7, 244-5, 247, 249, 250, 268, 271, 278, 287. 289, 
 297, 305, 316, 317, 318, 320, 338, 331. 332, 346, 
 413, 414, 434, 453, 493, 494, 498, 501, 503, 510, 
 513, 571, 583, 587, 623, 643, 650; xiii, 144-5, 
 163, 497, 516, 557. 
 agents of, sent to meet the N. Y. Indians at Al- 
 bany, XIII. 536. 
 Swedish, xi i, 47. 
 Vinge, J., XIII, 43. 
 Vis (Visch), Jacob, xii, 146, 197. 
 Visbeeck, Gerrit, XIII, 297, 298. 
 Vlissingen (Flushing, L. I.), xiii, 270, 315. 
 Vlodder, skipper, xiii, 157, 189, 213. 
 Voeler, Capt. (Wheeler?), xii, 336. 
 Vogelesant Island, xii, 27. 
 Vokmer, John, xii, 529. 
 Volckertsen, Simon, xiii, 253. 
 Voocht, Teunis, xili, 212. 
 Vorbert, Arrian, xiii, 202. 
 Vorck, Mr., xii, 333. 
 Vornier, Adrian, xiil, 154, 202. 
 Vorst (Forst), Thos., xii, 383, 391, 393. 
 Vreedland (Westchester), first settled, xiii, 15. 
 
 Englishmen at, xiii, 36, 38, 03, 06. 
 Vryman, Hevndrick, xii, 158. 
 VuUcr, Capt", xil, 355. 
 
 w. 
 
 Wade, Edward, xii, 008. 
 Wade, Robert, xii, 045. 
 Waite, Benjamin, agent of Massachusetts, 
 
 531, 533, 525, 528, 530. 
 Wakaseek, a tract in Ulster Co., xi 1 1, 533. 
 Wakaukonach, a tract of land in Ulster Co., 
 Waldenses, xii, 132. 
 
 Waldron, Resolved, xii, 201, 202, 288; xiii 
 Wale. Ann, xii, 543, 548. 
 Walcbut, Dr., XII, 527. 
 Walingen, Simon, xiii, 49. 
 
 Walker, , xll, 519. 
 
 Walker, Francis, xii, 550, 648. 
 
 Walker, John, xii, 665. 
 
 Walker, Nathaniel, Capt., xii, 616, 631; 
 
 226. 
 Walle, Adam, xii, 621. 
 
616 
 
 Index. 
 
 Waller, Francis, xni, 548. 
 
 Walloons, on Staten Island, xili, 567. 
 
 Wallop, Richard, xiii, 487. 
 
 Walh-am, James, xii, 589. 
 
 Walter, Hans, xii, 648. 
 
 Walters, Kier, xii, 437. 
 
 Walton, Tom, xiii, 426, 481. 
 
 Wamesitt, xl 1 1, 514. 
 
 Wandall, J., xill, 542. 
 
 Wandall, Thos., xii, 524; xiii, 421. 
 
 Wappinger kil, xii, 255; xiii, 101, 107, 111, 129, 162, 
 
 289 334 
 Ward', Edward, xii, 608, 610, 635. 
 Ward, Henry, xii, 543, 558, 559, 563, 575, 589. 
 Ward, John, xiii, 507, 534, 544, 571. 
 Ward, William, xlll, 66. 
 Warners, Martin, xlii, 153, 203. 
 Warren, William, xii, 586, 605. 
 Warrensen, Jan, xill, 16. 
 
 Washmaker's Land, xiii, 416, 427, 429 et seq., 447. 
 Waters, Edward, xlli, 66, 488, 574. 
 Watson, Luke, xii, 604, 637 et seq., 634-5, 638, 640, 
 652; XIII, 40.5. 
 
 letter from, xii, 624. 
 
 and others, xii, 654. 
 Watson, Thomas, xii, 650. 
 Watson, William, xii, 629, 630, 639 et seq. 
 Weale, George, sr., xii, 493. 
 Web, John, xii, 544. 
 Webe, Isaac, xii, 665. 
 Webber, Jan, xii, 393, 404, 433. 
 Webber, Wolfert, jr., xii, 381. 
 Webster, John, xii, 665. 
 Weedon, James, xii, 523. 
 Welins, Rev. Domine, xii, 308, 313, 228, 286-7, 305; 
 
 XIII, 384. 
 Wellburne, Thomas, xii, 587, 588. 
 Wellburne's Wilderness, xii, 588. 
 Welles, Pliilipp, xiii, 547. 
 Wellingbrook, xi i, 638, 636 et seq., 638. 
 Wells, Mr., xii, 662; xiii, 534, 527. 
 Wells, James, xi I, 586, 604-5, 627, 634-5, 638, 652. 
 Wemp, Jan Barentsen, xiii, 331, 353, 263, 370, 374. 
 Wendel, Evert Jansen, xiii, 193, 216. 
 Wendel, Johannes, xiii, 572. 
 
 Werden, Sir John, Secretary to the Duke of York, 
 XI II, 548-50. 
 
 letters to, 548, 551. 
 Wesselink, Jan, xiii, 75. 
 Wessels, David, xii, 170. 
 
 Wessels, Dirck, xiii, 519, 531. See Teii Broech. 
 Wessels, Peter, xiii, 154. 
 Wessels, Warner, xiii. 456. 
 
 West, John, Deputy-Secretary of N. Y., xii, 663, 667; 
 XIII, 504, 506, 538, 542, 547. 
 
 letter to, xiii, 567. 
 West, John, Major, of Accomack, Va., xii, 583. 
 West, Robert, xiii, 487. 
 
 Westchester, xiii, 60, 332, 363, 391, 403 et seq., 433, 
 460, 501, 574. 
 
 Court at, XIII, 474. 
 
 Assessment-roll of, xiii, 488. 
 Westchester. See Vredeland, Wiegnaeskech. 
 Westchester County, xiii, 5, 20,24, 147, 574. 
 Westchester Path, xiii, 402. 
 Westerkamps, Gritie, xiii, 313, 246. 
 Westfield, xiii, 512. 
 Westhuysen, Jan, xiii, 203. 
 Westmoreland, xii, 544. 
 
 Westphal. Westfal, .Turian, xtii, 93, 99, 100, 103, 105, 
 
 119, 157, 166, 170, 194, 212-3, 230, 311, 345, 410 
 
 et seq., 414. 
 Whale, Mr., xii, 477. 
 Whale, George, xii, 490, 492. 
 Wharton, Walter, Captain, xii,477, 495, 496, 498, 503, 
 
 507, 578, 589, 596, 601, 606, 613, 617, 648, 645, 651, 
 
 657. 
 Wheeler, Gilbert, xii, 646, 650, 659-60. 
 Wheeler, Roger, xiii, 67. 
 Wheeler, Thomas, xiii, 40-1, 64-6. 
 White, J., XI 1 1, 542. 
 Whitehead, Captain, xiii, 543. 
 White Clay's creek, xii, 547. 
 White Clayes fall, xii, 544. 
 Whitfield, Ralph, xii, 464, 469; xiii, 428. 
 Whitley, Daniel, xii, 567, 605. 
 Whitley, David, xii, 586. 
 Wlutmore, Nathan, xiii, 441. 
 Whittaker (Whiticar), Edward, xiii, 409 et seq., 418, 
 
 446, 448, 451, 506, 544. 
 Whitwell, Francis, xi i, 601, 602, 604, 627 et seq., 634-5, 
 638, 647, 653, 656, 658, 665, 668. 
 letters from, xii, 661-3. 
 Whorehook, N. J., xiii, 3. 
 Whorekil. See Horehil. 
 Wicaquivke, xii, 506. 
 
 Wichquanis, name of a parcel of land, xiii, 341. 
 Wickakoe (Wicaco, Witkacoo), xii, 536-7, 647. 
 Wicaco church (Gloria Dei, Philadelphia), xii, 105. 
 Wiechquaeskeck (Wieqkaskeck, Wickers creek, Wyckers 
 creek, Westchester), xni, 17-8, 34, 53, 147, 376, 
 386, 460, 515, 546. 
 Raritan Indians formerly lived in, xiii, 25. 
 See Westchester. 
 Wilkins (Willekens), William, xill, 43. 
 Willcborgh, Tobias, xii, 149, 153. 
 Willera, Jonas, xii, 315. 
 Willem, Peter, xii, 529. 
 Willem of Tappaen, xiii, 25. 
 
 Willems, Jan, xii, 390, 393, 357, 381, 391-3, 396, 401 
 et seq., 418, 431. 
 letters from, 409, 416. 
 Willemsen, Dirck, xiii, 154. 
 Willemsen, Henr, xil, 193. 
 Willemsen, Jan, xil, 303; xilI, 195, 401. 
 Willemsen, Rutgert, xil, 340. 
 Willemsen, AVillcm, xil I, 40. 
 Willemstadt, Albany so called, xin, 478. 
 Wilier, Jan, xii, 169. 
 Willes, Daniel, xii, 579, 615, 635. 
 Willet, Daniel, xii, 646. 
 Willett, Thomas, xii, 94, 97, 99, 646; xiil, 14, 289, 
 
 396, 307, 390, 542. 
 William, Thomas, xii, 639, 665. 
 Williams, the city's surgeon, xii, 303. 
 Williams, Dunk, xii, 550. 
 Williams, Hendrick, xii, 606. 
 Williams, Thomas, xii, 639, 647; xiii, 546, 574. 
 Williams, William, xii, 570; xiii, 487. 
 Williamson, Francis, xili, 557. 
 Williamson, John, xiii, A\2 et seq. 
 Willis, Mr., xiii, 539. 
 Willoughbv, William, xii, 544, 573. 
 Willson, Richard D., xiii, 544. 
 Willson, Thomas, XI I, 647. 
 Wilmerdonk, Abraham, xiii, 377. 
 Wilmsen, Dirck, xiii, 312. 
 Wilmington, Del., xii, 38 »., 183, 314. 
 
Index. 
 
 (517 
 
 Wilson, Samuel, xiii, 543. 
 
 Wiltbank, Harmuuus, xii, 511, 559, 573, 574, 
 588-9, 597, Oli, G33, 635, 638, 654, G59. 
 letters from, 571, 587. 602. 
 Wiltbauk, Henn. Frederic k, xi i, .V.".>. 533. 
 WJItwyck, XIII, 195-(;, 'Jnl, •.'■,'n :;i. 3:S5, 240, 243, 
 
 350, 356, 360, 263, 205. '.Mi!), j;!, ■.'74 et seq., 287, 
 
 313, 319, 323 ct mj., ^57, ;;G6-S, 382, 385, 406. 
 
 Eaopm ; Kingston ; Ordinances. 
 Wily, John, XIII, 488. 
 Wiublad, Johan, xii, 88. 
 Windall, Mr., xiii, 531. 
 Winder, Robert, xii, 544. 
 Winder, Samuel, xii, 592. 
 Windsor, Conn., xiii,518. 
 Winehavd, Cornelius, xii, 649. 
 Winkelman, Johannes, xiii, 9, 16. 
 Winsmore, William, xii, 647. 
 Winter, John, xiii, 488, 574. 
 Winter, Timothy, xiii, 488. 
 Winterborg, the, xiii, 380. 
 
 Winthrop, John, Gov of Mass., xii, 39, 69; xiii, 
 437, 439, 458. 
 letter from, xii, 41. 
 letter to, xiii, 33. 
 
 Wilcock, , XII, 26. 
 
 Witlock, , XIII, 370. 
 
 Witlock, Thomas, xiii, 315. 
 
 Wittens, Mr., xiii, 381. 
 
 Woggelom, Peter Petersen, xiii, 566. 
 
 Wolason, Charles, xii, 470. 
 
 Wolfson, Christ. Jacobsen, xiii, 270. 
 
 Wolgast, Otto, XII, 522, 545, 588-9, 638, 654. 
 
 Wolphertsen, Gerritt, one of the Eight Men, xrii 
 
 Wolphertsen, Jacob, xiii, 358. 
 
 Wolphertsen, Peter, xiii, 58, 93, 150, 369-70, 373, 
 
 334, 348, 371. 
 Wolphertsen. See Van Couwenhoven. 
 Wolson, Lawsa, xii,470. 
 Wolston, John, xii, 615. 
 
 1,406, t7 .scY/.,539, 541. 
 
 Wood. Consider, x 1 1 i , 488. 
 
 Woodbridge, N . .J . , x 1 1 , .5 1 S 
 
 Woodhoui^e, \Villiam, xii, (: 
 
 Woodhull, Kichiird, leller Ironi, xiir, 519. 
 
 Woolaston OVoHeston), Thoiuas, xii, 490, 491, 648. 
 
 Woolbanck, Ilerm., xi i, 544. 
 
 Wooldridge, .Ichn, xii, 650. 
 
 Woollev, '.Mr., MM. .->:i8. 
 
 WoiitrrMi,, C.rnri;^ xiii, 9H. 
 
 Woulrr-rn, K;Ji,ri. xiii, 14. 
 
 Wriglil, .Iiiliii, Iciirr I'rom, xii, 655. 
 
 Wright, T., XII. 615. 
 
 Wright (Wryght), xii, 307. 
 
 Write, Robert, x 1 1 1 , 548. 
 
 Wvbes, Jan, xi 1 1, 154. 
 
 Wyler, .Jan, xii, 168. 
 
 Wyles, 5Ir , schoolma.ster at Onekeway, xi 1 1, 59. 
 
 Wynuehkce kil, xiii, 573. 
 
 Wvuhart, Corn., xii, 492. 
 
 Wvnkuop, Corn., xiii, 2.J9, 2(14, 1266, 401, 445 et scq. 
 
 Yenuett, .John, xiii. 60. 
 
 Yockams, Hendrick, xi 1 1, 408 ,/ seq. 
 
 Yonkers, xili, 5, 431,493,498. 
 
 Young, Capt., xiii, 543. 
 
 Young, George, xii, 638. 
 
 Young, Jacob, xii, 524, 543, 559, 560, 589. 
 
 Young, Sarah, xii, 524-5. 
 
 Young, Thomas, xii, 492, 617. 
 
 Young, William, xii, 617. 
 
 Zeehelm, Hondr., Gerr. Admiral, xii, 445, 455. 
 Zenen, Willem Mauritsen, xii, 158. See Mimriiscn 
 
 WiUem. 
 Zetscoorn, Abclius, Rev., xii, 433, 433, 446. 
 Zieckeu, Dirck, xiii, 36. 
 
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