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foundly beneficial result. The improved relations between Canada and 
 the United States may be traced directly to the Tercentenary observance 
 at which time President Taft took occasion to express his cordial attitude 
 of good will toward our neighbor, the Dominion, j 
 
 One of the abiding results of this celebration will be a noble and 
 artistic monument to Samuel Champlain in the form of a light tower to 
 be erected by the States of Vermont and New York at Crown Point, N. Y. 
 Your commission set aside half of its appropriation of $25,000 for a per- 
 manent memorial and it will be able to contribute more than $12,500 to 
 this fund. Owing to the fact that the State of New York has set aside for 
 this memorial a sum considerably larger than Vermont can furnish, and 
 realizing the peculiar fitness of choosing a site so abundantly rich in his- 
 toric associations, a point where the territory of the two States is separated 
 only the distance of a stone's throw, your commission voted for this loca- 
 tion, being firmly convinced that present and future generations would 
 appr&ve the erection of a joint memorial that was adequate, although on 
 New York soil, rather than the raising of a small and inadequate memorial 
 in Vermont territory that would sufi^er by comparison for all time with the 
 monument on the opposite shore of the lake. Thus the fame ot the great 
 explorer, Champlain, will be perpetuated and our children's children will 
 be reminded of the courage and the devotion of the famous pioneer of 
 France. 
 
 This Tercentenary has permanently enriched American literature 
 in the notable addresses and poems prepared for the occasion, which are 
 printed in this volume. It has added largely to our knowledge ot the 
 early history of this region which we inhabit. It has increased our pride 
 in the land we love and has heightened our patriotism. It has served 
 as a dynamic force, awakening a new spirit of enterprise, a desire on the 
 part of our people to do greater and better things than they have yet 
 accomplished. It has set in motion forces that will continue for many 
 generations to be an inspiration and a blessing to the people of this goodly 
 commonwealth of Vermont, j 
 
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The Auditor of Accounts is hereby authorized to draw an order for such expenses 
 and allowance when approved by the Governor. 
 
 In accordance with this resolution Governor Proctor appointed as members of 
 the Tercentenary Commission : Walter E. Howard, of Middlebury, Horace W. Bailey, of 
 Newbury, Robert W. McCuen, of Vergennes, Lynn M. Hays, of Essex Junction, Waiter 
 H. Crockett, of St. Albans, and M. D. McMahon, of Burlington. 
 
 The first meeting of the commission was held at Burlington, on February 8, 1907. 
 By the provisions of the resolution creating the commission, the Governor was chairman 
 ex-officio. 
 
 The commission organized by choosing Walter E. Howard as chairman pro tem, 
 and Lynn M. Hays, secretary. After organization the first business of the commission 
 was an effort to interest the State of New York and the Dominion of Canada in the 
 celebration. 
 
 On March 27, 1907, a committee composed of Messrs. Howard and Crockett visited 
 Albany and discussed with members of the New York Legislature the suggestion that 
 New York join with Vermont in the proposed celebration. 
 
 On March 29, Messrs. Bailey and Hays visited Ottawa and presented the plan of 
 the celebration to the Canadian authorities. Sir Wilfred Laurier, the Premier, received 
 the delegation, expressed himself as being in hearty accord with the plan, and stated that 
 if it should become an event in which the United States government participated Canada 
 could be depended upon to co-operate in the movement. 
 
 On April 15, 1907, Senator Henry W. Hill, of Buffalo, offered in the New York 
 Senate a concurrent resolution authorizing the appointment of a commission to confer 
 with the commissioners from Vermont and the Dominion of Canada in relation to the 
 observance of the tercentenary of the discovery of Lake Champlain. The resolution 
 was adopted by the Senate on the same day that it was introduced, the Assembly con- 
 curring without amendment on the following day. This resolution provided for the 
 appointment of two members by the Governor and the designation of two Senators 
 by the Lieutenant-Governor and two Assemblymen by the Speaker of the Assembly. 
 Governor Charles E. Hughes appointed as members of the commission: Frank S. 
 Witherbec, of Port Henry, and John H. Booth, of Plattsburgh. The Lieutenant-Gover- 
 nor designated Senators Henry W. Hill, of Buffalo, and John C. R. Taylor, of Middle- 
 town. The Speaker of the Assembly designated Alonson T. Dominy, of Bcekmantown, 
 and James A. Foley, of New York City. 
 
 The first joint meeting of the Vermont and New York Commissions was held at 
 Hotel Champlain, Bluff Point, N. Y., on September 6, 1907. Governor Hughes pre- 
 sided and Lynn M. Hays acted as secretary. Victor H. Paltsits, State Historian of New 
 York, attended by invitation. 
 
 A resolution was adopted authorizing the appointment of a sub-committee of three 
 members from each commission whose duties should be to visit the State Depanment in 
 
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United States, representatives of France, Great Britain, and Canada. It is also especially 
 desired, and your memorialists most respectfully ask, that suitable provision be made for 
 attendance at said celebration, or participation therein, of such civil, military, and naval 
 representatives of the government of the United States as may be hereafter designated. 
 In accordance with the suggestion made on the occasion of the visit of the sub-committee 
 representing the two States, that the matter of inviting and entertaining representatives of 
 France, Great Britain, and Canada be under the direction of the Department of Slate, 
 and that the United States government make adequate provision therefor, we, the under- 
 signed members of the two commissions, hereby respectfully request that you lay this 
 matter before the President and Congress of the United States, with such recommendation 
 as may seem advisable. 
 
 In the hope that action may be taken at the present session of Congress we do 
 respectfully subscribe ourselves * * * . 
 
 The memorial did not reach Congress early enough to secure action before adjourn- 
 ment, but the matter was taken up during the session of 1908-1909 and through the efforts 
 of the Vermont delegation in Congress, aided by members from New York, an appro- 
 priation of $20,000 was secured. 
 
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"It is also recommended that a considerable portion of the appropriation for this 
 commemoration be set aside toward a monument or some other suitable memorial to 
 Champlain — a memorial artistic in its conception and a landmark for all future genera- 
 tions." 
 
 In October, 1908, the following joint resolution was presented in the House of 
 Representatives by Frank L. Fish, the member from Vergennes: 
 
 NO. 205— AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE CELEBRATION OF THE 
 TERCENTENARY OF THE DISCOVERY OF LAKE CHAMPLAIN AND 
 THE STATE OF VERMONT AND MAKING AN APPROPRIATION THERE- 
 FOR. 
 
 // is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont : 
 
 Section I. A commission for the public celebration of the tercentenary of the dis- 
 covery of Lake Champlain and the State of Vermont is hereby authorized, which shall 
 consist of the Governor (who shall be chairman ex-officio) and nine citizens of this State 
 to be appointed by him. 
 
 Section 2. Said commission shall organize by electing from among its number a 
 secretary, a treasurer, and such other officers as it may deem necessary, and shall have 
 power to appoint such committees as may be necessary for the performance of its work. 
 The secretary shall be allowed such sum for services and expenses as the commission may 
 direct. The other members of the commission shall receive no pay for their services, but 
 shall be allowed their necessary expenses. The treasurer shall furnish bonds in such sum 
 as may be fi.xed by the Governor and the Auditor of Accounts. 
 
 Section 3. The object of said commission shall be to plan and conduct a fitting 
 celebration of the tercentenary of the discovery of Lake Champlain and Vermont by 
 Samuel Champlain, in the month of July, igog, and of such his orical events of impor- 
 tance as have taken place on or about Lake Champlain, following the discovery, as the 
 commission may deem worthy of commemoration. 
 
 Section 4. Said commission shall have power to enter into negotiations and co- 
 operate with the 1 erccntenary Commission created by the State of New York, with the 
 government of the United States, the Province of Quebec, and the Dominion of Canada, 
 or either of them, and with any patriotic, historical, or civic organization, in such cele- 
 bration. 
 
 Section 5. Said commission is hereby authorized, either by itself or acting with the 
 New York State Commission, or with the government of the United States, or with so- 
 cieties, organizations or individuals, to plan for and erect a suitable permanent memorial 
 to Samuel Champlain, in the valley of Lake Champlain. 
 
 Section 6. The sum of twenty-five thousand dollars is hereby appropriated to 
 enable said commission to carry out the purposes of this act, which sum shall be managed, 
 controlled and expended by said commission. Upon the requisition of the chairman and 
 treasurer of said commission, the Auditor of Accounts shall draw his orders in favor of 
 said treasurer for the accounts therein specified. In addition to the sum appropriated, 
 said commission is hereby authorized to receive and expend public or private contributions 
 for any of the purposes set forth in this act. 
 

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the Champlain valley and that a day be set aside by proclamation of the Governor, to 
 be known as Champlain Day for the schools of the State, and that on that day appro- 
 priate exercises be held. 
 
 A motion v?as carried to set aside one-half of the appropriation of $25,000, made 
 by the General Assembly, to be used in procuring a suitable permanent memorial to Sam- 
 uel Champlain. 
 
 On the same day another joint meeting of the Vermont and New York Commissions 
 was held, and it was decided that Monday, July 5, be given up to celebration features 
 at Crown Point, N. Y.; Tuesday, July 6, to Ticonderoga, N. Y.; Wednesday, July 7, to 
 Plattsburgh, N. Y'.; Thursday, July 8, to Burlington, Vermont; Friday, July 9, to Isle La 
 Motte, Vermont. 
 
 Sunday, July 4, 1909, was named as a day of religious observance to the memory 
 of Samuel Champlain. 
 
 The Vermont Commission met in Burlington, Saturday, November 21, 1909, when 
 Governor Prouty, as chairman, named the following committees: 
 
 Badges and Medals — Hays, Fish, VanPatten. 
 Program — Crockett, Thomas, Hays. 
 Religious Observance — Thomas, Beaupre, Stone. 
 Transportation — Jarvis, Hays, Beaupre. 
 Permanent Memorial — Thomas, Crockett, Beaupre. 
 Committee on School Celebration — Bailey. 
 Publicity and Advertising — Jarvis, Hays, Stone. 
 Finance — Fish, Stone, VanPatten. 
 
 The commission met in Albany, Saturday, December 5, 1908, and previous to 
 joining the New York Commission, held a meeting at which Mr. Bailey presented a 
 report on a conference with Mason S. Stone, Superintendent of Education, recom- 
 mending that Arbor Day be known as "Champlain Arbor Day;" that the Governor issue 
 a proclamation to that effect; that the proclamation request the planting of at least one 
 tree by every school in the State to be forever known as "Champlain Tree;" that the 
 schools observe the day by appropriate patriotic exercises; that the request be made that 
 the proclamation be read in the churches of all denominations of the State on the Sunday 
 next preceding Champlain Arbor Day; and that the observance of the day be urged by 
 the clergy. 
 
 The report further requested that the churches arrange for services on Sunday, 
 July 4, 1909, commemorative of Champlain, the discovery of Lake Champlain and of 
 Vermont and matters relating to the early history of the State, especial emphasis being 
 laid on patriotic citizenship; that the proclamation call attention to the Champlain Arbor 
 Day circular to be issued by the Dcpanment of Education; that a sufficient number of 
 
 14 
 
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mont and New York, waited upon President Tafr at the White House. This was 
 the first delegation to pay a visit to the new President. In the Cabinet room of the 
 White House the party was received by the President and the invitation, urging the Presi- 
 dent to attend the Lake Champlain Tercentenary celebration, was presented by Governor 
 Hughes. In accepting, the President said he would be pleased to attend the event, and 
 then fcllowed introductions to the new executive. 
 
 Several meetings of the joint commission were held after the acceptance of the 
 invitation extended to the President before the date of the celebration and at these meet- 
 ings the many details of the extensive program as carried out were planned. At a meeting 
 held in Burlington on May 5, it was arranged to establish headquarters for visiting news- 
 paper men while in Burlington the week of the celebration and later the city court room 
 was secured for this purpose. No less than forty newspaper men did their work of re- 
 porting the celebration at these headquarters. Among these newspaper men were some 
 of the best known writers for American newspapers and publications and all of them de- 
 parted enthusiastic over the hospitable treatment g iven them. 
 
 On the morning of Thursday, May 5, 1909, the commission, with the exception 
 of Mr. Jarvis and Mr. Beaupre, and accompanied by Hon. Nelson W. Fisk, inspected 
 the site of the present lighthouse on Isle La Motte with the idea of locating the permanent 
 memorial at that place. Several members of the New York Commission joined the 
 party there. 
 
 On the return trip the commission held a meeting, decided upon a tentative plan of 
 program for the week of the celebration, and adopted the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved. That it is the desire of the Vermont Commission to join with the New 
 York Commission in the erection of a permanent memorial to Samuel Champlain and 
 that the Vermont Commission awaits the early pleasure of the New York Commission for 
 the purpose of holding a joint meeting of the two commissions, hoping thereby to bring 
 the matter to a successful and early termination. 
 
 An informal vote as to the location of the permanent memorial was taken and this 
 showed a majority in favor of the Isle La Motte site. 
 
 At a joint meeting of the commissions held at the Van Ness House, Burlington, 
 Monday, May 31, Governor Prouty, as chairman, announced that the engaging of an 
 ample detective service for the week of the celebration had been referred to the Attorney 
 General. 
 
 At a meeting of the commission held at the Witherell House, Plattsburgh, Friday 
 evening, June 4, 1909, the following resolution was adopted: 
 
 Resolved. That the Vermont Commission authorizes its chairman to cast the vote 
 of the commission in the joint meeting of the two commissions to be held June 5, 1909, in 
 favor of locating the joint Champlain memorial on Isle La Motte, provided it is ascer- 
 tained that the New York Commission will appropriate not less than fifteen thousand 
 dollars for that purpose. 
 
 16 
 

 
 
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 Champlain Arbor Day 
 
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STATE OF VERMONT. 
 
 BY 
 
 His Excellency 
 
 George Herbert Prouty, Governor. 
 
 A PROCLAMATION. 
 
 The custom of setting apart a day in each year, to be known as Arbor Day, is a wise 
 and profitable one for it serves to bring to the attention of the public the importance of 
 the great questions of forestry, which are so vital to the welfare of our State. 
 
 It should be the purpose of this day to give instruction in these matters and to stimu- 
 late an interest in them to the end that we may all better understand the true value of our 
 forests, the best methods of planting trees for shade, and of beautifying our parks and 
 private grounds. 
 
 The indiscriminate cutting of our 'forests without any attempt at preserving the 
 smaller growth of our valuable trees is fast destroying-the supply of lumber, as well as 
 diminishing our water resources, and will soon create a condition which will be most 
 unfortunate. 
 
 Our State has taken a long step forward by securing the services of an expert forester. 
 Let us follow his teachings and thus preserve rather than destroy our forests. 
 
 This year, being the three hundredth anniversary of the discovery of Lake Champlain 
 by Samuel Champlain, a celebration in commemoration of this great historical event is 
 to be held during the week beginning July fourth, and all should join to make this week 
 one long to be remembered. 
 
 When Champlain first beheld our beautiful lake, its shores were covered with dense 
 forests, and he, being a lover of nature, speaks in his narrative of the magnificent pines 
 which he saw. 
 
 What, therefore, can be more fitting than to plant trees in honor of this great dis- 
 coverer ? 
 
 In accordance with this recommendation exercises were very generally held in the 
 schools of Vermont on the day designated. 
 
 On this day the school children's medal which had been prepared by the commission 
 was offered for sale at the nominal cost often cents in all schools. This was an oxidized 
 silver medal, bearing on one side the portrait of Champlain and on the other a repre- 
 sentation of the explorer entering the lake to which he gave his name. 
 
 The money obtained from the sale of these medals was set aside as a special tund 
 contributed by the pupils of Vermont schools toward the erection of the Champlain 
 memorial. 
 
 On Champlain Arbor Day, the historical booklet of thirty pages, prepared by Hon. 
 Horace W. Bailey of the commission, and containing the summary of the principal events 
 which had taken place on and around Lake Champlain, was distributed throughout 
 the public schools. 
 
 The dedication of Mr. Bailey's booklet was as follows: 
 
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STATE OF VERMONT. 
 
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 His Excellency 
 
 George Herbert Prouty, Governor. 
 
 A PROCLAMATION. 
 
 It was a worthy custom of our fathers to include in public commemorations services 
 of worship and thanksgiving in order that such occasions should not be passed without 
 general attention to the lessons which they are fitted to convey. 
 
 Our State is about to unite with the State of New York in the celebration of the ter- 
 centenary of the discovery of Lake Champlain and the territory of the Champlain valley 
 by Samuel Champlain in July, 1609. 
 
 This event preceded the landing of the Mayflower by eleven years and occurred 
 several months before the discovery of the Hudson River and the lands adjacent to New 
 York. 
 
 Samuel Champlain was the first European, the first man of Christian faith, either to 
 behold or traverse any portion of the great national passageway — to become we may hope 
 the great waterway for the largest inland vessels — between the St. Lawrence valley and 
 the Atlantic seaboard. 
 
 Champlain was a pioneer for the Christian missionary. He himself conducted a 
 company of missionaries to this continent and assisted them in their Godly enterprises. 
 Wherever he went as an explorer he planted great cedar crosses in token of possession of 
 those lands for the Christian faith. 
 
 He was a man of pure life, against whom the tongue of slander was never directed. 
 That Providence allowed him to depait this life on the anniversary of our Redeemer's 
 birth was not unfitting. His remark that the salvation of one soul is of more value than 
 the worth of an Empire is authenticated by the best historians. 
 
 Since in the providence of God events of the greatest moment and of utmost signi- 
 ficance to the dweller in these valleys followed Champlain's discovery, it is becoming that 
 recognition of its anniversary be made in divine worship, in all churches in our midst, of 
 the discovery by the Christian explorer of the territory which Almighty God vouchsafed 
 to our fathers for their homes. 
 
 PRAYER BY BLSHOP HALL. 
 
 Bishop Hall of the Episcopal Diocese of Vermont authorized the following prayer 
 for use in the congregations of that denomination on Champlain Sunday: 
 
 Almighty God, who in the former time didst lead our fathers forth into the wealthy 
 places, give Thy grace we humbly beseech Thee to us, their children, that we may always 
 prove ourselves a people mindful of Thy favor and glad to do Thy will: bless our lands 
 with honorable industry, sound learning and pure manners: defend our liberties, preserve 
 our unity: save us from violence, destroy and put to confusion all pride and arrogancy, and 
 from every evil way: fashion into one happy people the multitudes brought hither out of 
 
 20 
 

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Exercises at Swanton 
 
 Prepared by T. M. Tobin 
 
 The inspiration of a little informal talk, one Thanksgiving evening, at the rooms 
 of the Taquahunga Club, by Walter H. Crockett, of the Lake Champlain Tercentenary 
 Commission, before a few members of the local Board of Trade, led Swanton to be one of 
 the four towns in Vermont to take part in observing the tercentenary of Samuel Cham- 
 plain's visit to these inland waters and the discovery of the lake that will ever bear his name. 
 
 Sadly lacking in means, but gloriously rich in tradition and historic lore, Swanton 
 needed no urging and responded with characteristic enterprise and public spirit. So a 
 fair was held in February and with everybody boosting regardless of craft or creed the 
 week-end showed a generous fund, assuring the Taquahunga (Swanton) of Algonquin 
 days a place among the quartette of towns to sing the praises of Champlain. 
 
 It was early decided to make as the feature of the celebration the marking in enduring 
 granite of the site of the little church erected in ijoo by the Jesuit Fathers two miles be- 
 low the falls. As this was undoubtedly the first edifice erected for religious worship in what 
 is now Vermont, with the exception of the chapel at Fort St. Anne, Isle La Motte, this 
 seemed to be a timely and fitting thing to do. Then, framed around this interesting 
 historic event, so to speak, was a twentieth century program of festivities with parades, 
 band music a-plenty and speechmaking. Recently, and an aftenhought, a large and 
 attractive fountain has been erected in the public park inscribed to the memory of 
 Champlain. 
 
 So Swanton set the Tercentenary ball a-rolling Saturday, July 3, simultaneously 
 with the historic little city on the banks of the Otter. Though greatly handi- 
 capped by unfavorable elements the splendid program of interesting events, which 
 took months to arrange, was pluckily carried out. In the early morning there was a 
 heavy downpour of rain. This delayed the river parade an hour or more. With partially 
 clearing skies two processions started for the site of the old Jesuit church, two miles down 
 the river, one overland from the Church of the Nativity, where interesting exercises 
 were held, and the other consisting of canoes and motor boats by water. Before the 
 dedication exercises were finished there was another hard downpour. The grand street 
 parade at one o'clock took place without much of a wetting, but sharp showers marred 
 the speaking exercises in the grand stand. Governor Prouty was game, however, and 
 when introduced deliberately placed his high hat under the friendly cover of the table, 
 
 22 
 
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THE MARCH TO THE MONUMENT. 
 
 After mass Governor Prouty and guests were invited to the College of the Fathers 
 while the line was being formed in front of the church for the march to the monument on 
 the river bank two miles below the village. As the heavy rain had greatly interfered with 
 the unveiling and dedication plans, as arranged, Father Aubin requested only delegations 
 of the several parochial and other societies to undertake the march. The procession was 
 led by Governor Prouty in an automobile, followed by the St. Albans Brigade band, then 
 delegations in teams from the following orders and societies, Swanton Court, No 470, 
 Order of Foresters, Ladies of St. Ann, The Guild of St. Agnes and St. John the Baptist 
 society. Rt. Rev. Mgr. Cloarec came next in a carriage followed by the visiting priests 
 and many citizens in a long line of carriages. 
 
 While this unusual procession was wending its way along the banks of the Missisquoi 
 to the site of the old mission church, a fleet of canoes and motor boats was moving north- 
 ward to the same objective point. 
 
 THE GRANITE MARKER. 
 
 Facing the setting sun, high up on the banks of the Missisquoi, whose waters ever 
 flow peacefully on and on in search of the sea, stands the massive granite monument 
 reared by the people of Swanton commemorative of the first place of religious worship 
 erected in all Vermont. Near by is a lone elm and at this writing a field of waving grain 
 reaches back to a fringe of white birches. To the north, on a slightly lower level, stretches 
 a vast field through which a farm road vvinds to a solitary habitation. To the south can 
 be seen the church spires of Swanton and to the west, across the water, meadow lands 
 mark the scenes of fierce battles, in the long ago, between Iroquois and Algonquins, 
 for mastery of much prized hunting grounds. 
 
 Jesuit followers of Champlain early found their way to this spot where they builded 
 humble cabins among the wigwams of the Indians, planted the flag of France, erected the 
 cross and spread the religion of their fathers. Away back in 1700 these Jesuit missionaries 
 with great labor, erected a little building of worship, procured a bell, and for many years 
 the Angelus sounded among the murmuring pines and the hemlocks on the banks of the 
 Missisquoi. 
 
 The monument was manufactured and set up by W. S. Judd, ot Swanton. It 
 consists of a shaft of rough faced granite, 32x32 inches standing, with the base, jh feet 
 high. On the front is a raised polished cross and underneath this a raised polished panel 
 with the following inscription: 
 
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I regret sincerely that the inclement weather prevents carrying out all our program. 
 1 am very happy to see so many here regardless of the rain. I thank you in the name of 
 the general committee for your presence on this occasion with His Excellency, our Govern- 
 or, and the Rt. Rev. Administrator and other dignitaries. We are here to thank God for 
 what He did on this very spot for our ancestors so long ago and for what He has done for 
 us since. We had prepared a great ceremony, but "Man proposes and God disposes." 
 Let me tell you in our French language,"Vive la joie quand meme." Yes, let us not be 
 discouraged, but be joyful and happy. God bless us. 
 
 IMPOSING RIVER PARADE. 
 
 The fleet of canoes and motor boats moving down the river in majestic procession 
 to the site of the old church, was the most imposing sight ever witnessed on the Missisquoi, 
 since the days of battling Iroquois and Algonquinsin their war canoes. 
 
 Twenty Caughnawaga Indians in full feather and all the fantastic toggery of war led 
 the way in canoes with chief Aneratontha, meaning "Deep Sky," in advance. Behind 
 him, paddling the quick stroke peculiar to the race, came warriors Ostakete, signifiying 
 "Light Foot"; Oroniatakon," Red Sky"; Kaivisaker, "Ice Block"; Tiornoniathe," White 
 Cloud"; Thaienatacs,"Two Pieces of Wood"; Kawenoke, "Island"; Monique, "Black 
 Bear"; Aneratontha, "Falling Leaves"; Atitaonne, "Running Deer"; Lornrise, "Sun- 
 rise"; Abenard, "Big Tree"; Karontatsi, "Two Spikes"; Tekaronike, "Strong Arm"; 
 Ronentshaneron,"Two Canoes"; Tekahonwake, "Split Gum"; Riceorcnos," Bounding 
 Deer"; Abenakis, "White Smoke"; Kaintakeron, " Pile of Wood"; Labornne, "Lone 
 Pine." 
 
 Then came the Swanton Canoe Club and a fleet of forty motor boats, constituting 
 the Missisquoi Yacht Club, under command of E. T. Wheelock in the Mohawk. 
 The fFhite Fang, F. D. Lapelle skipper, headed the long line of gaily decorated crafts 
 that moved in stately order under slow speed, the movement being so timed that the fleet 
 reached the scene of exercises about the same time the procession from the church reached 
 the monument. 
 
 THE STREET PARADE. 
 
 The St. Johns, Quebec, band of thirty pieces led the street parade followed by the 
 Caughnawaga Indians under the leadership of chief "Deep Sky." The Indians made 
 a very striking appearance. Marshal H. G. Jones rode next and behind him came the 
 " Champlain float,' ' an artistic ingenious get-up appropriate to the occasion, and an Indian 
 birch bark canoe was attractively placed in a setting of green in the center of which stood 
 
 26 
 
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should feel honored that Champlaln should nami.- after himself this important discovery, 
 this great waterway and important connecting link in our great system of waterways. 
 
 Also we are celebrating that which is even more important, the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence. While we are keeping in our memories the discovery of Champlain, we 
 must think of the deeds of the men of old. It is beautiful for us to remember what rhey 
 have done and what it means to us. We should try and remember the deeds of our 
 forefathers and become better citizens of the town and State, repaying them in this way 
 for what has been done. I thank you for your kind invitation. 
 
 Mr. Furnian then said: We have with us another product of Vermont soil, of 
 whom we are proud, a good lawyer, a statesman and a diplomat, the Hon. Frank 
 Plumley, of Northfield. 
 
 Mr. Plumley responded substantially as follows: 
 
 I hadn't the least idea who was meant by Mr. Furman's speech and looked around to 
 see who was present when, to my astonishment, he called on me. However, I am glad 
 to be with you, else I should not have taken the trip from Washington to Swanton. 
 I am grateful to the committee and I am also very sorry that the weather is so unpropitious. 
 Nevertheless we are not robbed of the real purpose of the anniversary. The real purpose 
 is the study of past events, also to reach far back and gather traditions. Your hearts 
 are beating warm for past events along this river, of which we were formerly but little 
 conscious, and which form a precious part of the future. I am thankful for this oppor- 
 tunity to speak to you. 
 
 The speaking exercises closed with a talk by F. W. Swanton, of Washington, D.C., 
 who was introduced by Mr. Furman as a descendant of Captain William Swanton, after 
 whom the town was named. .Mr. Swanton said: 
 
 I have been asked to come here today as a representative of the fifth generation ot the 
 family of the man whose name, according to all accounts that we have, was also the 
 origin of the name of this town, which is celebrating the event of its history today. That 
 man was Captain William Swanton. The family has from the time of its founder down to 
 the present, been associated with the State of Maine and the Kennebec river, and partic- 
 ularly with the city of Bath, the "City of Ships." Captain William Swanton himself 
 built the first ship launched on the Kennebec in 1760, and built another one every year 
 after that for several years, and during the Revolutionary War built a ship called the Black 
 Prince for Salem merchants as a privateer. She was considered a masterpiece of work- 
 manship for those days, and mounted eighteen guns. Soon after sailing from the Kenne- 
 bec she had an engagement with a British warship and captured her and performed other 
 service later in the war. 
 
 Those members of the Swanton family that continued to live in Bath, though not 
 builders of ships, have always been associated with the shipping business. 
 
 The events that led to the name of Captain William Swanton being given to this town 
 in Vermont were probably those that occured in the two years before the building of ships. 
 
 28 
 
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The Vergennes Celebration 
 
 Prepared by Arthur F. Stone 
 
 The city on the Otter Creek set the pace for the greater functions of Tercentenary 
 week by a celebration on Saturday, July 3, that in completeness of detail and variety 
 of program was not surpassed by any of the others that followed. It was the greatest day 
 that Vergennes ever saw and over 6,000 people from all parts of Addison county came to 
 see the various functions. For three months the enterprising citizens of Vergennes and 
 the surrounding towns had been making elaborate preparations for the day, and the pro- 
 gram was carried out with the success that it so richly deserved. 
 
 The day began in due and ancient form when four mounted heralds, Chester Barrows, 
 Guy Beach, Foster Daigneault and John Daigneault gave the bugle salute to dawn. A 
 heavy shower just before sunrise obscured the sun, but though the day was cloudy there 
 was no rain after sunrise. A salute of twenty-one guns quickly followed the bugle call 
 and told all the inhabitants of the ancient city that the great day had arrived. As Cham- 
 plain's first act when he discovered the lake which bears his name was to worship God, 
 so the celebration here began with high mass in St. Peter's Catholic church. The interior 
 of the edifice was beautifully decorated with French flags and the pontifical colors, 
 yellow and white, while potted plants and cut flowers were massed on the altar. Dr. 
 Pilon presided at the organ and directed the choir. The music of the service included 
 Gounod's "Ave Maria," sung by Mrs. Trudel, of Rutland, and old French airs of Cham- 
 plain's day played by the Vergennes City band. 
 
 At this solemn service the celebrant was Rev. N. Proul\ of Rutland, assisted by Revs. 
 J. D. Shannon, of Middkbury, as deacon and J. O. Lizotte, of Fair Haven, as sub-deacon. 
 Rev. C. L. Pontbriand, of Lyndonville, acted as master of ceremonies. Other priests 
 in the sanctuary were: Revs. D. E. Coffey, Bristol; J. B. McGarry, Windsor; E. J. AUiot, 
 St. Michael's College; N. Archambault, Shoreham, and G. Rene William, of Montreal, 
 
 P-Q- 
 
 The sermon by Rev. J. A. Lynch, of Pittsford, was a most inspiring discourse. 
 The speaker paid a glowing tribute to the faith of the King of France and Joan of Arc in 
 the stirring days of Champlain's discoveries, not failing also to give the intrepid explorer 
 deserved praise for the Christian character that he bore through all his strenuous experi- 
 ences in the New World. 
 
 The church was filled with distinguished visitors and townspeople, while the Catholic 
 orders included the St. Jean de Baptiste Society, the Catholic Order of Foresters, and the 
 Guard d'Honneur, of Rutland. At the elevation of the host during the service the bugler 
 
 30 
 
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The Literary Exercises 
 
 Following the parade came the literary exercises in the park where several thousand 
 people gathered. The president of the celebration committee, Rev. L. A. Vezina, presided 
 and on the platform with the speakers were Lieut-Gov. Mead, Congressman Foster, 
 ex-Senator Stewart and four members of the Vermont Commission. The invocation was 
 followed by singing the official song of the celebration, "Champlain." Prof David M. 
 Mannesof the Damrosch orchestra of New York led the chorus of 200 voices, accompanied 
 by the Vergennes and Middlebury bands. 
 
 The orator of the day was a distinguished Vermontcr, Hon. John Barrett, director 
 of the International Bureau of American Republics. Mr. Barrett was gracefully presented 
 by Hon. Frank L. Fish and he spoke as follows: 
 
 ADDRESS OF HON. JOHN BARRETT. 
 
 Mr. President, Governor Mead, Ladies and Gentlemen — and it gives me the greatest pleas- 
 ure to sav, — Fellow Fermonters: 
 
 It is a little cool today, and I have been thinking, as I sat here, that if we could only 
 let loose into the atmosphere all or a part of the hot air that the distinguished gentlemen on 
 this platform have liberated in campaigns in the past, we would soon have it comfortable 
 enough for all!, • 
 
 1 feel much at home here in Vergennes, because over in yonder grandstand, under 
 the trees, I had the honor of speaking some nine years ago, and if a heavy wind were now 
 to blow, it might blow down some of my sentences then uttered, — and yet, in view of the 
 fact, if I remember correctly, that Frank Fish preceded me on that occasion, and Congress- 
 man Foster followed me, I fear their sonorous sentences knocked mine all out at that time. 
 
 Coming early on the program this afternoon, as I do, I am reminded of a very wise, 
 and yet amusing introduction I once received in the Far East, where a Frenchman under- 
 took to present me, and in so doing became a little mixed in his words, as he rose and 
 said: "I have great pleasure, ze gentleman and ze lady, to introduce ze speaker, ze first 
 of ze afternoon, — I say, ze verry first and ze verry worst of all." And I fear that is my 
 fate today. It is a very difficult thing to speak against the wind. I have not had the 
 experience of many upon this platform in that respect, and I hope, therefore, you will feel 
 kindly toward me in my effort this afternoon to interest you. 
 
 32 
 
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of State Elihu Root, now Senator from New York, it was decided that the name of Samuel 
 Champlain should occupy a high place. (.Applause.") 
 
 I believe when we gather on occasions of this kind as representative men and women 
 of one of the best sections of our country, we should pause possibly for a moment and con- 
 sider one or two things that are close to us. Ladies and gentlemen, may 1, as one who 
 was born here under the shadow of the same Green Mountains as yourselves, and who has 
 gone forth to all parts of the world, as one who has been and is privileged to be your 
 representative in foreign lands, who has three times been around this great world of ours, 
 representing you abroad just as much as your Congressmen represent you in Congress 
 at Washington — may I say to you that, while we are doing a great and good thing to 
 honor a foreigner, Samuel Champlain, we have a greater and a higher duty to perform 
 in helping to solve the problems and the questions that are daily confronting not only 
 your own city, but Addison county, the State of Vermont, and the United States — yes, 
 the great problems of the world. We have problems to solve that will determine whether 
 this beautiful land of ours shall be loved and respected in all parts of the world, or whether 
 we shall be considered a laggard a^ong the nations; whether our flag shall be resperted 
 and honored under every part of the sun and the sky, according as you women and you 
 men and you children of Vergennes and Addison county would have it respected and 
 honored. It devolves not upon the President of the United States, not upon Congress, 
 not upon the Ambassadors alone, but upon the plain home people, to determine whether 
 we shall carry on the march of civilization, of material progress, of intellectual achieve- 
 ments, leading the nations of the world. And as I look into your faces, and if I interpret 
 the sentiments that control you, I am sure that the United States and her flag will forever 
 be respected and honored and loved in all parts of the world. 
 
 I beg of you to remember this, that our relations to the nations about us, our relations 
 with Canada on the north, Mexico on the south, Europe on the east and Asia on the west, 
 are only an enlargement of the relations of this county to other counties, of the States of 
 Vermont, New York and New Hampshire to other States, and we must do unto other 
 countries as we do unto other towns and States, if we would hold that position of which 
 I speak. In comparing foreign institutions and foreign peoples with our own great 
 institutions, with our own vigorous, wholesome, splendid people, I say that God indeed 
 has destined these boys and these girls — you young men and you young women — to live 
 and set such an example that the whole world will look to us for inspiration and for 
 leadership. 
 
 1 assume the majority of those who are here today know perhaps more of foreign 
 affairs than a dear old friend of mine up in the neighboring State of Maine, who showed 
 his lack of knowledge of foreign aff^airs in introducing me once, as a speaker. Now there 
 are some men who have never heard of any other kind of ministers than a minister of the 
 gospel — with all due respect to those of that calling who are present — they have never 
 heard that there are ministers of the United States who go out to every nation under the 
 
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States — all looking to the United States for leadership and direction. Think of Brazil, in 
 which you could place the whole of the United States, and still have room left over for 
 Vermont many times and Addison county on top of that. I wish I could show you the 
 Argentine Republic, and its capital city of Buenos Aires with a population of one million 
 two hundred thousand, growing faster than any city in this country with the exception of 
 New York city — and Vergennes! I wish I could take you to that country and show you 
 the wonderful progress they are making. Why do I speak of this .' Because you men and 
 you women when you travel abroad go to Europe, or possibly to the Orient, and when you 
 read of foreign countries you read of Europe and possibly the Orient, and you have not 
 the slightest conception of the strength of the other nations. I want to say to you that 
 here upon the Western hemisphere is being developed the strongest body of nations in the 
 whole world, so that if there shall come a struggle — and God forbid it — may the nations 
 look to our country for leadership, and by our living may we teach them the great principles 
 of justice, liberty and equality. Let us accept our responsibilities and learn more of these 
 people so near us. 
 
 In the short time allotted to me this afternoon I will not further speak of that, and only 
 wish to say one or two words about our own State, our own section. 
 
 I Ladies and gentlemen, every time I come back to Vermont, every time I visit either 
 the valley of the Connecticut or I come over the Green Mountains, or up along the shores 
 of Lake Champlain, I say that here is the cradle of the boys and the girls upon whom we 
 must depend for our future citizenship. Here is where we are going to raise the men — the 
 fathers, and the mothers of the future Presidents and Senators and Congressmen and the 
 captains of industry, who will keep our country strong and prosperous. Not because we 
 are Vermonters do I say those words of our own State, but I say, let us ever be loyal to 
 Vermont; let us ever be loyal, every one of us whether we were born here or adopted, 
 and realize the fact that though we are small in area, there is not another State in the 
 Union in proportion to its population, which has sent out more forceful men and women 
 into the world, than Vermont. I want to say to you whether you go to New York City 
 or San Francisco or Chicago or Washington, you find everywhere the influence and en- 
 thusiasm of the men and women of Vermont. Their names may not always be in print, 
 the pictures of Vermont's women may not often be found in the society columns — they 
 may not on the other hand be found in the rogues' gallery — but their influence is felt and 
 recognized. Why, out in California, at San Francisco, I have seen a larger gathering of 
 Vermonters at the Vermont Association, than of any other State in the Union. I have 
 met Vermonters in China, in Japan, in the Philippines; I have met them in Europe, in 
 South America, and everywhere they have rung true. That means a responsibility for 
 you which you cannot forget. Why, the President of the United States is a Vermonter 
 only by two removes, and you remember that Foster named Roosevelt for the Presidency 
 on Vermont soil, and later within a few hours, came the sad news to the company that 
 
 36 
 

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Of bigot Philip and the inquisition, 
 
 Saw through the land her fields incinerate 
 
 With ash of men and women, innocent. 
 
 But done to death by fire's slow agony; 
 
 Yet France, the smiling France, was blossoming 
 
 In the mild sway of Henry of Navarre. 
 
 Then rose Champlain, fine,'bold, adventurous soul. 
 
 And many a time he crossed the raging main. 
 
 Seeking for France an empire in the West. 
 
 His daring spirit beams out like a star 
 
 Upon the dark sky of that history. 
 
 He had explored the great St. Lawrence stream, 
 
 Its tributaries and the wild adjacent coast, 
 
 Founded Quebec's enduring citadel; 
 
 Had made his friends the children of the woods, 
 
 Algonquin, Montagnais and Huron dark; 
 
 Had learned from them of that Green Mountain land 
 
 And that fair lake that since has borne his name. 
 
 Just south beyond the river Iroquois. 
 
 But those bright hills and forests were the home 
 
 Of the Five Nations — long inveterate foes 
 
 Of his new-found allies; that lake and river, 
 
 Their war-way to the north, whereon their braves 
 
 In thousands long had held their conquering way; 
 
 The Mohawks at their head — more daring men 
 
 Or stronger warriors never drew the bow. 
 
 They took no note of hunger or of thirst. 
 
 They laughed to scorn the pains of heat and cold, 
 
 War was their occupation — they could trace 
 
 A foeman's slightest trail, with tireless speed 
 
 And eye more certain than the bloodhound's scent. 
 
 So perfect they in form that one who knew 
 
 Them well, seeing some later time at Rome 
 
 The marble symmetry of Apollo Belvidere 
 
 Exclaimed; "By Heaven, a Mohawk!" Such were thev. 
 
 The mightiest woodland warriors in the world. 
 
 More daring venture never yet was made 
 
 Than when Champlain, with two companions white 
 
 And sixty brave red children of the wood, 
 
 One July day, three centuries agone. 
 
 Emerged in birchen boats from out the river 
 
 Upon the lake, the Mohawk's battle place. 
 
 And stealing on, through the midsummer nights. 
 
 Met their dread foes at length, two hundred strong. 
 
 Upon the starry waters. Challenge passed 
 
 For fight next morn upon the western shore. 
 
 Near grim Ticonderoga. 
 
 38 
 
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Rev. Vezina said it was a real pleasure to have with us on this occasion Congressman 
 D. J. Foster, who spoke as follows: 
 
 ADDRESS OF CONGRESSMAN FOSTER. 
 
 Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 After my friend Barrett has told you so much about hot air from the rest of us upon 
 this platform, you may be very sure I shall make myself popular this afternoon by being 
 very brief 
 
 This is a day, as Mr. Barrett has told you,when we should all give force to the theory 
 which the Irishman advocated — that every man ought to be loyal to his native land whe- 
 ther he was born there or not — and so everyone here today is a good Vermonter. That 
 is the first thought that Mr. Barrett brought you, and that is the very thought that you 
 must take home and keep in mind — that we are all good Vermonters. 
 
 Then the other message he brought to you was the work which the American people 
 are doing abroad as missionaries. The first missionary on Lake Champlain was Samuel 
 Champlain. I do not want to say one word against Champlain, but you want to 
 remember that as a Frenchman he made a great mistake when he came down here with 
 60 of his Indians, as described by Judge Bliss in his poem, and made war against the five 
 tribes of other Indians along Lake Champlain, because he had firearms and the poor 
 red men — those model woodsmen — had nothing but their bows and arrows, and of 
 course, victory was bound to be his. By that act, by the act of the French people, that 
 great people, Champlain sounded the death knell of Canadian holdings in the United 
 States. ■, From that time the war was on against France and against France's interests in 
 the New World, and it continued until England rescued Canada from France. We should 
 remember that. 
 
 We are sending our missionaries all over the world — our great American Republic 
 is in itself a great missionary force. We stand for peace; we stand for justice; we stand 
 for righteousness among the nations of the earth as we stand for righteousness as between 
 man and man, and it is because of all these things that we are becoming a mighty force 
 among the nations of the earth. You all remember how only a few months ago when two 
 of the great nations of the Far East— where our friend Barrett is well acquainted — were 
 engaged in the most terrible war that this world has seen since our own Civil War, and 
 there was no nation in the whole world willing to take the first step towards bringing those 
 peoples together, it was left for our great republic to bring those warring nations together, 
 at Portsmouth, and doubtless some of you have read in the papers the statement that a 
 great Russian made, in which he declared that peace was finally brought about between 
 Russia and Japan only through the tremendous influence of President Roosevelt, backed 
 by go,ooo,ooo of American people. 
 
 40 
 

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upon the choice you make of the men who represent you. So that every individual in 
 responsible to the extent of his own agency whether the government is good or bad. This 
 is a government of law. Every citizen is bound to respect the law, and if there is anything 
 that every citizen ought to shun and ought to denounce, it is the spirit of lawlessness 
 because, as was said by Governor Fort the other day, law in this country is king. As you 
 reverence law, as you maintain law, as you respect law and the administration of law, so 
 your government is wise. 
 
 If there is anything that I would say so that it might reach the ear of every Vermonter, 
 it would be: Look well to your sense of duty as a citizen, because it is citizenship that 
 determines the quality of government. You can have as bad a government as you choose, 
 and you can have as good a government as you choose. It all depends upon you and me, 
 upon every individual, as to whether the government is good or ill. 
 
 We talk about the glory of a country. It is not the extent of the country that we 
 mean. This State is as big and no bigger than it was when Champlain sailed down the 
 waters of Lake Champlain. It is not the territory that makes the State; it is the people, 
 and the character of the people determines the character of a State, and the character of 
 the people depends upon the character of the unit. Therefore, every man has the re- 
 sponsibility of being a faithful and loyal citizen, and that is all I have to say. 
 
 The singing of "America" by the chorus and audience closed the exercises in the 
 park. 
 
 During the afternoon lovers of the great national game assembled at the fair ground 
 where two games of base ball were played by rival teams. 
 
 The Banquet 
 
 The banquet in the City Hall in the evening was a fitting close to the day's program 
 where about 200 covers were laid. Following an excellent banquet came the postprandial 
 exercises with Hon. Frank L. Fish as toastmaster. In introducing the first speaker the 
 toastmaster said: 
 Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 When the banquet committee had a meeting recently they were confronted with the 
 situation of having to crowd some 15 speeches into an hour or an hour and a half. When 
 they suggested that I be the toastmaster, I asked them how they expected that long pro- 
 gram to be carried out in that length of time, and they told me that if the toastmaster him- 
 self wouldn't make any lengthy speeches, it would probably go along very much better.. 
 I promised I would make no long speeches and so they consented to allow me to act in 
 this capacity. 1 will introduce to you Mr. Thomas Mack, who has been asked to speak 
 for the Mayorof the cityof Vergennes. 
 
 42 
 
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abandoned their farms and returntd to their homes in Connecticut and in Dutchess county. 
 New York. After peace had been declared rhey returned and again took up the work 
 of clearing the land and building homes. 
 
 In 1785 our Grand Old Man, Ethan Allen, met in New York, Hector St. John de 
 Crevecoeur. M. de Crevecoeur was a French nobleman who had been educated in 
 England and was at that time representing the French government as Consul at New 
 York. He suggested that some of the new towns being laid out in Vermont be named 
 after distinguished Frenchmen as a mark of gratitude for what France had done to assist 
 the Colonies. Allen took the matter up with the Governor and Council and the latter 
 recommended to the Legislature that a city be laid out on the first falls on Otter Creek and 
 that it be named Vergennes in honor of Count de Vergennes, then Prime Minister of 
 France. He was the power behind the throne and the man who had induced the King to 
 become the ally of the Colonies and thus made possible their independence. 
 
 In 1778 the Legislature sitting at Manchester granted a charter to the city of Ver- 
 gennes. The city grew at about the same ratio as other Vermont and New England 
 towns. All the trades and crafts common to New England villages prospered here. At 
 the time of the War of 181 2 there was a great deal of activity here owing to the building 
 of the fleet by Commodore Macdonough and the quartering of a large number of troops 
 here to protect the fleet and the city. After the close of the War of 1812 Vergennes 
 settled down to about the ordinary life of Vermont towns and remained so up to the break- 
 ing out of the War of the Rebellion; then came a real boom for Vergennes. Industries 
 sprang up on the falls one after another; large numbers of high-priced mechanics were 
 employed here. 
 
 The developing of the splendid agricultural belt that surrounds us and the high price 
 of farm products at that period brought prosperity to Vergennes. We became the second 
 largest market for butter and cheese in New England, and it was a common thing to see a 
 hundred teams on our streets on market day. It was a common expression among 
 traveling men — those keen-eyed commercial travelers — that Vergennes supported more 
 style, had the best hotels and more handsome women than any other town in Vermont. 
 Such then was our condition when the great financial crash of 1873 broke upon the country. 
 That great panic crushed out many of our industries and crippled many others. 
 
 From that time to the present we have not grown in numbers; but our people are 
 prosperous and happy, and there are those who think that all the good things, all that is 
 most to be desired in life, are not to be found in the congested wards of a large city. Those 
 of us who have spent the greater part of our lives here, and have enjoyed the unsurpassed 
 scenery that surrounds us on every side; who have felt the refining influence of an ideal 
 NewEngland community;who have had the advantage of asgood schools as there are in the 
 State, and enjoyed the luxuries that come to us from the beautiful farming country that 
 surrounds us and is really the garden of Vermont; we who have had all these things some- 
 times ask ourselves if after all we may nor have had as much out of life as we might have 
 
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always afraid I have contracted that ailment when 1 attempt to speak as a representative 
 of the dear old State. 
 
 For the last few days since I received the letter from our toastmaster, I have been 
 reading up the history of Vermont. I thought I knew quite a little about it before, but 
 found I didn't. I learned many new things. I learned that the natives of Vermont were 
 our Indians — not the ones we have seen here today, although they may be descendants 
 of those same old red men of long, long ago — and I want to say just a word about them 
 that may be of some interest to you. Down in our part of the State, around Rutland, the 
 principal tribe was the Caughnawagas. They were the last to leave us, and I know where 
 the last cabin was built in the town of Mendon by old Long John, the last Indian in Rut- 
 land country, who was found dead in his bed. In the St. Regis reservation there is a little 
 chapel and in that chapel is a bell, and that bell is the very bell that was in the village of 
 Deerfield in Revolutionary times when the massacre took place, when every woman and 
 child was supposed to be murdered. 
 
 /Today, and following on for a week, we are and will be celebrating certain events 
 which are of great interest to us all; certain events which have had a wonderful effect 
 upon this country, in fact, the whole world. All men and women at a certain time in 
 life arrive at that point where they live in the past. Perhaps they spend as much time 
 in that as they have in earlier days guessing at the future. It is so with a nation. When 
 a nation attains a certain age it begins to look back, to review the past, to study the signs 
 that have gone before. I believe the knowledge which we have attained in this manner 
 should be of great aid to us in the future in judging of diflFerent propositions. 
 
 The question is, what has happened in Vermont that we can feel proud of. What has 
 been done to the natural conditions of Vermont which are of such substantial blessing to 
 us ? There are one or two things I would like to refer to which pertain to our history. 
 We all recall the wonderful proclamation of emancipation; we recall that it was issued by 
 the great and beloved President Abraham Lincoln — but any Vermonter feels naturally 
 proud when he realizes that something of the same kind was issued here in Vermont before 
 Abraham Lincoln ever saw the light of day. Why, here in Rutland county there was a 
 female slave, who had escaped from Virginia. Her owner was pursuing her to take her 
 back, and he demanded the slave, saying he had a bill of sale of her. The Vermonter, 
 Harrington, replied: "Bring me a bill of sale from God Almighty and you can remove 
 this woman from the State of Vermont." 
 
 This is one of the facts which has helped to make the history of the State of Vermont, 
 and there are many of them. We are speaking about history, speaking about Vermont 
 and what part she has played in the history of this government. In the first place, as you 
 probably all know, the little State of Vermont was an independent republic for fourteen 
 years, holding allegiance to no king or queen; we were subject to the laws of no State, but 
 were entirely independent. Is it possible that right here in the State of Vermont, sur- 
 rounded as we are by our hills and our beautiful valleys, that there started that little seed 
 
 46 
 
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Toastmaster Fish said: We have heard about the beautiful city on the hill and of 
 our beloVed State, and we are gathered today to honor the memory of the discoverer of this 
 territory. Everyone is now celebrating on account of the discovery of Vermont and of 
 Lake Champlain by Samuel Champlain, and we arc very fortunate tonight to have 
 with us a gentleman who is qualified to speak on that subject and I have great pleasure 
 in introducing to you Rev. John M. Thomas, president of Middlebury College. 
 
 ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT THOMAS. 
 
 "Samuel Champlain, Discoverer of Vermont and Lake Champlain, the 
 Christian Navigator and Soldier." 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 I was not sure when Mr. Fish asked me to respond to this toast but that he thought 
 he was talking over the telephone with Mr. Bailey, who is the authority of the Vermont 
 Commission on historical matters. It would not be inappropriate for Mr. Bailey to 
 speak on Champlain as a Christian navigator. You can't always judge as to the piety 
 of a man from his looks, nor from the language he uses while he is enjoying a quiet time 
 with his friends. There was another citizen of florid countenance and rotund form who 
 had been on a pleasant little visit, and who had a good deal of difRculty on returning home 
 in finding the key hole. After he had at last gained entrance, he found fresh obstacles 
 in mounting the front stairs. He finally succeded in gaining the top of the flight, but only 
 to tumble to the bottom. Gathering himself onto his legs he exclaimed: "God pity the 
 poor sailor on a night like this!" Piety sometimes appears in unexpected places, and it 
 might be so with .VI r. Bailey. 
 
 Champlain also was a sailor — not quite that kind ot a sailor, however — although I 
 do not propose to indulge in any soft soap in referring to the character of Samuel Cham- 
 plain. I might possibly stretch my conscience to furnish the lie (lye), but nature did not 
 fit me to supply the grease. I was about to refer to my friend Bailey again, but will pro- 
 ceed to speak of the character of Champlain. 
 
 Champlain, my friends, was a man deserving of our honor; a man, in the first place, 
 who gave careful preparation to the work which he believed to be his life work, spending 
 two years in the studv of the colonial system of Spain in Mexico and the West Indies; he 
 was a trained scientific observer, and when he came to theNew World he bore a com- 
 mission as "geographer to the king." His observations were accurate and extensive, and 
 he recorded them carefully. He did more than any man of his time to spread information 
 concerning America. He devoted himself early in life to that ambition of his — to establish 
 here a new kingdom, a new France — and to that work he bent his whole energy throughout 
 
 48 
 
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who, by reason of his natural abilities, his long and varied and successful public career, 
 his wide experience in the administration of vast governmental aflairs.was so well quali- 
 fied to take up the strenuous work of the White House, as was William H. Taft. I told 
 that audience that he had the generosity of spirit, the kindliness of heart and broad sym- 
 pathies of Lincoln and of McKinley ; I called attention to the fact that he had the training, 
 the learning, the careful experience, the firm grasp and comprehensiveness of a great and 
 trained lawyer; the calm, judicial temperament, the learning, the profound wisdom and 
 the unswerving courage of the great judge, and 1 added that so long as he continued to 
 occupy the White House, he would be governed, sustained and ruled by his profound 
 feeling of responsibility to his fellow-citizens and to civilization. 
 
 The President has occupied the White House altogether too short a time to fulfil my 
 words as prophecy, and yet the manner of his starting out, his public utterances, the 
 character of men whom he has gathered about him, and his mode of living and adminis- 
 tration in the White House, all combine to lead us to believe that before his term of office 
 shall have expired, he will have fulfilled the words which I said of him a year ago! 
 
 The President of the United States should embody all that is best in the American 
 people. Twice in our career as a nation we have had as President a man who stood out, 
 and stands out, as the years roll by, as an exceptional president. The last President 
 should always join the trio, and, as I was introduced to respond to the toast "The Presi- 
 dent," I will close with the toast: 
 
 "The President, one of the great trio — Washington who established the republic, 
 Lincoln who preserved it, and Taft who defends it." 
 
 In introducing the next speaker, Toastmaster Fish said: I was admonished also 
 by the committee that I must not quote any poetry. That, of course, pretty much cuts me 
 out of this banquet, for that is largely my stock in trade for occasions like this. However, 
 I am going to quote the first .stanza of that delightful little poem by Hon. E. J. Phelps 
 to his cousin Jack, (Judge Pierpoint) in introducing the next speaker: 
 
 Cousin, more years have flitted by 
 
 Than we might choose to tell. 
 Since sworn moss-troopers, you and I 
 Have lived beneath each summer sky 
 
 So heartily and well. 
 .And little cared we all the while 
 
 How fast those years were flying 
 And little marked how youth's bright smile, 
 That did their flights so well beguile. 
 
 From ofl^ the world was dying. 
 
 Worthy of thine old-fashioned race, 
 
 W'ell hast thou borne thy part. 
 And, spite the gathering years, we trace 
 Few wrinkles on thy manly face. 
 
 And none upon thy heart. 
 
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cliaractt r live, and 1 will show you a good comiimiiity — and you won't sec it clscwhtic. 
 1 repeat the proposition to which I alluded today incidentally, (called upon, as 1 was,) 
 that the character of a community depends upon the character of its individual citizens — 
 that the responsibility rests not upon the community as an aggregate, but on the individual 
 citizen. What may / do? What is my relationship to those about me? What is my 
 relationship to the State ? How do / discharge the duties that are mine, as a citizen ? 
 It is upon that, and that alone, that the prosperity and the perpetuity of our nation and 
 our Union depend, and upon nothing else. 
 
 Now, for its application. 
 
 The danger of Vermont today is — as is true of other communities and other States, 
 mdijjerencc. ^ ou show nie a man who doesn't go to the polls on election day, and I will 
 show you a man who shirks his highest duty — that of the ballot box — that duty which is 
 the glory of our country — nobody governs us, we govern ourselves — that is the glory of 
 our nation and of Vermont where we breathe the air of freedom. It is an inspiration to 
 live here and look upon these hills and mountains on one side and on the other. We have 
 no business, no Vermonter has any business, with being other than a good citizen. And 
 that is all I have to say, Mr. Toastmaster. 
 
 Toastmaster Fish then said: It appears from the construction that has been put 
 on the ne.xt toast by Governor Stewart, that we have no such toast. He says says there 
 can be no such toast as "Vermonters beyond Vermont," but wc have a gentleman with 
 us who is going to respond to the toast, and I w ant to say if there is anyone in the world 
 who is capable of responding to such a toast it is the Hon. John Barrett, the Director of the 
 International Bureau of American Republics, a gentleman who has been selected by 
 twenty-one governments to hold the high position which he now occupies at Washington. 
 I have pleasure in presenting him to you — he needs no introduction — Hon. John Barrett. 
 
 ADDRESS OF HON. JOHN BARRETT. 
 "Vermonters beyond Vermont." 
 
 Mr. Barrett spoke as follows: 
 Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 In view of the fact that I talked to you at some length this afternoon, and as I am 
 called upon now, there is grave danger that if 1 should speak even for a few moments, 
 some of you might be inclined to address me in the same manner as the husband, who was 
 in the habit of coming home late, addressed his wife, who was also in the habit of lecturing 
 him. One night he returned very late and upon reaching his room was accosted by his 
 wife, who continued to admonish him upon his habits, while he was preparing to retire. 
 
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went down there there were some twenty or thiity women and girls who went as nurses. 
 At the same time there were hundreds of American young men working as engineers, as 
 clerks, as stenographers, as draughtsmen and one thing and another. Presently the 
 yellow fever began its ravages and we were obliged to lay many of those splendid boys 
 under the wet clay. Every day some of those who were left came to me begging to be 
 returned to the United States — and no one could blame them or call their desire to return 
 home, lack of courage. But let me say, in credit to those young women who went down 
 there, that not one of them left until after we had gained control of the situation and had 
 stamped out yellow fever — that not one ol them came to General Davis or myself and 
 asked that she might return to the United States. 
 
 Now, my friends, there are a great many things that occur to me that I might say 
 in speaking on this question of " Vermonters beyond Vermont," which means those who 
 have gone beyond its borders, but I will say this: That whenever we come back^as we 
 do on these occasions, we go away more an.\ious than ever before to be a credit to the 
 State, and you may be sure you can count on us whenever similar gatherings occur, to 
 come back because ot the splendid welcome we receive, and of the courage we receive 
 tD do our duty better than before. 
 
 Toastmaster Fish, in introducing the next speaker said: I iconderoga has been 
 made immortal by the doings of a Vermonter, Ethan Allen; we think of Crown Point in 
 connection with Seth Warner; when we think of Plattsburgh the thought of Gen. Strong 
 and Col. Lyman comes to our mind; when we speak of Vergennes we think of Commodore 
 .Macdonough who built his fleet here in 1814. We have the pleasure of entertaining to- 
 night Hon. Charles H. Darling, of Burlington, who will speak of "Macdonough and 
 his Vergennes Fleet." 
 
 ADDRESS OF HON. CHARLES H. DARLING. 
 "Macdonough and his Vergennes Fleet." 
 
 Mr. Darling said: 
 Mr. Tomtmaiter, Lailus and Gentleutoi: 
 
 Outside of a small circle the American public has little knowledge ol Commodore 
 Macdonough and less conception of the size of the ships built at Vergennes or the magni- 
 tude of the battle fought by him on Lake Champlain. He was a contemporary and peer 
 of Decatur, Hull, Lawrence, Perry and Stewart, and of him it was said by Mr. Roosevelt 
 that "down to the time of the Civil War, he was the most conspicuous figure in our naval 
 history." 
 
 Commodore Macdonough was born in Delaware on December 31, 1783, and was 
 appointed midshipman of the navy by President John Adams on the fifth day of February, 
 1800. He remained in the service until he died at sea November 10, 1825. He served 
 
 54 
 
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and gibes of" our country cousins we have stirred oursel\'es and shaken off our drowsiness. 
 Our neighbors have taken notice; the eyes of the conimonweahh have been turned this 
 way; thousands have waited anxiously for this day and when they came and saw they were 
 not disappointed and now they are returning home with-a new idea of Vergennes; the old 
 city is not indeed a city of mummies and fossils, but the Vergennites are up to date and can 
 </o things. It was in March that we formed an organization for the purpose of preparing 
 this Champlain celebration. I will not attempt to review the work done by this organiza- 
 tion; I have been told that 1 must be short, and then it would be encroaching upon our 
 historian's domains. 1 say our historian, for such we will have, to transmit to posterity 
 the record of Vergennes' tribute to the memory of Champlain in 1909. Ladies and 
 gentlemen, our ambition will take us farther. Tomorrow wc return, not to our peaceful 
 and dreamy lives, but to lives of energy and work. Tomorrow we will not spend too much 
 time in lamenting our poverty, our lack of unity, our incapacities. We have learned that 
 it only we try we can do as well as all and better than many. A town of 1700 people that 
 can raise l5i,40O and organize such a celebration as you have witnessed today is neither 
 poverty-stricken nor divided against itself and is not ready to fall. It has declined and 
 is about to ascend. 
 
 The Vergennes Champlain celebration marks the beginning of a new epoch in the 
 history of our city. And if the desires of one man could be realized, Vergennes would 
 soon be mentioned not only as the oldest but the largest city in Vermont. 
 
 Ladies and gentlemen, this, perhaps, will be the only opportunity given me to express 
 our gratitude to those who have helped us, who have honored us. Almost a new comer 
 in Vergennes, I have had, before this, no occasion to work shoulder to shoulder with its 
 people for the welfare of the city. It has been a pleasure for nie to come in contact with 
 all. Qualities were discovered which modesty had kept hidden in quiet, unassuming 
 citizens; in all a desire to do for the city and country, in many the spirit of sacrifice, 
 unsparing of time and money. It would be impossible for me to mention all who deserve 
 praise; the list would include the members of all connnittees, it would include names that 
 have not appeared on the committee list. I must, however, mention the name of our 
 esteemed Representative at Washington, the lion. D. |. Foster. For the last three months 
 we have besieged him with letters and telegrams and if we have not with us tonight a 
 larger delegation from Washington it is not his fault. Thanks also to the Hon. John 
 Barrett, the true Vermonter who, to help us out, did not hesitate to cancel an important 
 engagement in the West. Thanks to our friends and former residents of Vergennes who 
 have come from a distance to rejoice with us. Thanks to the C^arde d' Honneur of 
 Rutland, that company of military gentlemen who have entertained us so well this morn- 
 ing and again this evening. 
 
 Ladies and gentlemen, thanks for your kind attention. 
 
 1 oastmaster Fish, in introducing the ne.xt speaker said: No occasion is quite right 
 unless ladies are present, and no occasion of this kind is just right unless a toast is given 
 
 .56 
 

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sole purpose of appeasing the unregenerate tendency of the American husband in much 
 the same manner as the missionary barbecue quiets the nerves of the South Sea Islander. 
 Although granted the privilege of a few hours nocturnal separation from the object of 
 his adoration, the vision of the wife, serene in time of peace and fiendish in time of anger 
 is continually before the reveller; so that, after the table assumes the appearance of a 
 cyclone district and the coffee is spilled on the linen and cigar ashes are inches deep on the 
 floor like pumice dust on the side of a volcano, and the air is so blue with smoke one cannot 
 distinguish friends without a search-light, it is then, as if to oft'er a prayer to an offended 
 deity, the sinner wraps about him the mantle of piety and proposes a toast to the ladies. 
 
 So, Mr. Toastmaster, for the sake of humanity, if for no other reason, I am glad that 
 the ladies have not been left at home tonight, and although modesty prevents me from 
 eulogizing them in the manner which is customarily employed in their absence, 1 extend 
 to them the sincere thanks of each gentleman present that they have condescended to grace 
 our board and to participate with us in the keen enjoyment of this Tercentennial event. 
 
 Samuel Champlain was a personage for whom the sweetest music was the dinner 
 bell. History certifies to this fact. We are told that during the winter of 1606 at Port 
 Royal he was one ol fifteen gentlemen to institute an organization known as "The Order 
 of the Good Time." Each member held the oflice of grand master for a day, whose duty 
 it was to cater for the company and because of the great rivalry among them as to who 
 should provide the best table, we are assured that Monsieur Samuel became as great 
 an explorer into the realm of the cuisine as he subsequently became of the waters of the 
 continent. Their board groaned and creaked with the variety of fish and game and their 
 boast was that the best Parisian restaurants could not produce a better bill of are. The 
 hospitality of these fifteen wielders of the rolling-pin extended even to an Indian tribe 
 encamped near Port Royal and many an evening its sagamore, Membertou, and other 
 chiefs made merry at and under the table until the wee small hours. 
 
 While history is silent in regard to the flow of wit and reason that must have efi^"er- 
 vesced from the members ofthe"Order of the Good Time" when the menu was extraordi- 
 narily delectatious and the Parker House rolls were especially light, it is but fair to pre- 
 sume that the ladies ol France were remembered well in speech and song in those olden 
 days in Acadia and that with the tipping of each goblet in their honor there came before 
 the vision of Champlain a picture of Helene Boulle, the sweet little Huguenot maid of 
 seventeen, to whom he had been betrothed for more than five long years. 
 
 Conditions of life may change over a period of time. Trees may be felled and forests 
 disappear. Roads may be constructed and bridges strung and sky-scrapers erected, but 
 the things which appeal to the inner man are cooked in about the same old way, and a good 
 time includes about the same sort of recreation; and as for a man's heart, why, nature 
 stands on guard, and the sweet face of a woman will appeal to the chauffeur of the air-ship 
 of three hundred years from now in about the same way as it did to the paddler in the 
 birch bark canoe of three hundred years ago. 
 
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Although Mrs. Champlain presided in Quebec as the leading lady of the Canadas for 
 a period of four years, or one term, very little has been written concerning her or her 
 afternoon teas and informals. The Ladies Home Journal and Town and Country were 
 at that time rarely left by the postman, and the squaws of the district did very little in the 
 social line at the Chateau Frontenac. Hut in order that you may rest assured that she 
 maintained her enviable station in an ostentatious manner and with credit to her lord and 
 master, I will quote to you the only reference to her personal appearance which is on record, 
 as follows: 
 
 "It was the fashion of this period among the ladies of Paris to have hanging at their 
 side a small looking-glass, framed in gold or silver, and otherwise ornamented with jewels; 
 and the fashion was one which Madame Champlain did not lay aside when she came 
 over from France with her husband. The trinket seems to have been a favorite object 
 of attraction to the mothers and children of her new surroundings." 
 
 Judging from this quotation there is little doubt but that her regime was one of bril- 
 liancy and that through her influence Oiiebec was inoculated with the latest styles. 
 
 It is not for us here tonight to ])ry with idle curiosity into the marriage record of 
 people who have gone across the river Styx, but I cannot refrain from making the asser- 
 tion that the wedded life of the Champlains, as far as history relates, was a delightful and 
 romantic affair. The explorer's adventurous spirit became transformed by the perfect 
 bond of union, resolved itself into deep seated affection and chivalrous devotion towards 
 the lady of his heart, and that there was reciprocity of adoration is confirmed by the 
 historian who affirms that Madame Champlain, surviving her husband nineteen years, 
 retired to a nunnery of her own founding, after his death, and left behind her a name for 
 sanctity still jireserved in the convent records. 
 
 While the bates have summoned the sturdy voyager and his beautiful wife to Klysian 
 fields, the majestic lake which memorizes his name, the rugged shores, the matchless 
 mountains and the lovely valley, combine to form indeed an enchanted realm. 
 
 I am glad that fortune gave Champlain the rare opportunity of perpetuating his name 
 on such a tablet till the end of time, but I also rejoice tonight that in the (piiet harbor of 
 Montreal repose s a little island caressed by the Great bather of Waters as he hastens 
 on to blend with the stream of our lovely lake for the long journey to the sea. This 
 little jewel on the bosom of the St. Lawrence was called by Champlain, Helen's Isle, a 
 fitting tribute to the memory of her whom the daring explorer loved. 
 
 It is but proper then, in honor of the days gone by, that we should here tonight renew 
 the fine old custom established across our border by the long forgotten "Order of the (lood 
 Time," and, as we lift our glasses to toast the fair ladies of this occasion, let us be reminded 
 that we are privileged towards them to emulate the life-long devotion and constancy be- 
 stowed by the great Champlain upon the little maid of France who won and kept his heart. 
 
 I'ollowing the address Toastmaster Fish said: We have saved the best until the 
 last, and the toast "The Two Commissions" will be responded to by my dear friend 
 and fellow commissioner, Hon. Horace W. Bailey. 
 
 60 
 
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forgiven before he had touciied bottom, and such resplendent obsequies would be pro- 
 mulgated that could the poor wrecked brother know, and realize the true conditions, he 
 would wish he had always been dead. 
 
 But when one commissioner is asked to respond for two commissions made up of 
 seventeen men, all alive and kicking, all competent to speak for themselves, you can easily 
 comprehend the gravity of the situation, and the importance of bringing along the bulletin 
 board. 
 
 The first commission had a real live Governor at its head, so did the second; both 
 popular, fairly energetic, both determined that the commissioners should work nights 
 as well as days, and both terribly insistent that the interims should be devoted to the 
 harvesting of a job lot of vouchers for sundry incidental expenses. 
 
 When 1 state that these two commissions, in addition to having two real Governors, 
 have a membership composed of candidates for that office, the schedule of age being 
 applied to the rule of priority, you will, dear friends, appreciate my embarrassment. 
 
 When vou are advised that the two commissions are made up of a Doctor of Divinity, 
 a Doctor of Laws, the manager of a great railroad system, a historian, a college professor, 
 a college president, a real live one too, a promoter of historic celebrations, several news- 
 paper men, a lawyer and ex-government official, an ex-Mayor of Vermont's Queen City, 
 several business men, men who have held office, men who do hold office, and men who want 
 to hold office, a high salaried postmaster, and one poor lone suffering laboring man, all 
 dissimilar, all guilty "f having some pronounced ideas, which they have sometimes ex- 
 pressed in unadorned English, you will. I am sure, offer prayers for the disconsolate 
 mortal selected to represent them. 
 
 This great Champlain celebration had its inception in the Legislature of igo6 in the 
 form of a joint resolution presented, and championed, by your esteemed townsman, 
 Robert W. McCuen, a member of our first commission. 
 
 It is therefore exceedingly fitting that Vergennes should hold an opening celebration, 
 and set the ponderous machinery of a week of great events in motion. 
 
 From the time of the appointment of our first commission in the fall of 1906 the his- 
 tory of our doings is an open book, known and read and criticised of all men. 
 
 We have gone about our duty in a semi-conscientious way, spending the State's 
 money in as lavish a manner as circumstances and the procurement of vouchers would 
 permit. 
 
 We have traveled over much of the country between Hudson Bay and the Potomac 
 river, and as far west as the Great Lakes, the points of the triangle being located at 
 Ottawa, Washington and Buffalo. 
 
 We have held conferences with, and been dined and wined, on tea, by Presidents, 
 Senators, Members of Congress, Members of the Cabinet, Governors, Prime Ministers, 
 Foreign Ambassador^ L'ncle |oc Cannon and Nelson W, Fisk. 
 
 62 
 
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observance of the heroic exploits of men who made victory possible in the War of 1812 
 in which great drama many a scene was enacted within bugle call of this banquet place. 
 
 ^'ou of Addison county, and especially you of Vergcnnes, have this day gone on record 
 with a matchless celebration in perpetuation of many of the great events of our early 
 history. 
 
 Ladies and gentlemen, the two commissions are proud ot you. Vermont will be proud 
 of you. An event like this woven from the warp and woof of Addison county men and 
 women, inspired by your purse, and by your patriotism, could not fail. 
 
 Owing to the lateness of the hour two of the toasts were not given at the banquet. 
 As both arc historical contributions to the celebration they are herewith given as a part 
 of the report: 
 
 ADDRESS OF H. H. BRANCHAUD. 
 "Prance; What It Has done for America." 
 
 My. I iiaitiiKisIn , Ladies nnJ Genthtnen: 
 
 In behalf of the French race 1 thank you for the honor conkrred in inviting me to 
 answer this toast. 
 
 In attempting to do justice to this subject, nothing seems more appropriate than to 
 refer first to Samuel Champlain, because the act of founding the city of Quebec, three 
 hundred and one years ago today, was the beginning of the real record of the French race 
 in North America. But ten years previous to that event, Champlain had visited the 
 southern end of this continent, and of more than passing interest today, when the whole 
 world is watching the work there, is the fact that he visited Central America and kept a 
 journal of everything he saw of interest to report to the French King. In this reporthe 
 advises building a canal at Panama as it would make the voyage westward shorter by 
 fifteen hundred leagues than the trip around Cape Horn. He accompanied his report 
 with drawings and descriptive notes. Little did he dream that more than two and a half 
 centuries later the French race would begin this greatest of the world's work, and, after 
 expending more than one hundred and forty million dollars, would turn it over to a then 
 unexisting nation to complete — a nation which now unites with the descendants of his 
 own to honor his memory. 
 
 The French race did not stop exploring America at Champlain's death. In June, 
 167^, Pcre Marquette discovered the sources of the Mississippi which he explored as far 
 southward as the 33rd degree latitude; but previous to this, even before Champlain's 
 death, Nicolot had visited Wisconsin, and by 1660 the French had visited our States of 
 Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, and it is in the report of the 
 great Council of Indiana, which Nicolas Ferret convened at Sault Ste. Marie in 1671, 
 that the name of Chicago first appeared in written language. 
 
 64 
 
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Pcrniit nu- to acknowledge on this occasion our debt to the French Jesuits, whose 
 records of the pioneer history of America, and especially of its Indians, are almost our 
 only authority. Of these records even Parkman says they arc "modest records of marvel- 
 ous adventures and sacrifices." The story of Jogues, Couture and Goupil, the first white 
 men to see Lake George, and Jogues' tragic death while laboring to convert the Iroquios 
 enemies of the French, is well known; but the most striking example of the Jesuits' treat- 
 ment of the Indian is the mission founded by Jean de Brebeuf — Brebeuf of the noble 
 family from which sprang the English Earls of Arundel. At St. Marie's mission, on 
 Georgian Bay, Brebeuf had so far civilized the Hurons that in 1649 ^^ repons provisions, 
 maize, etc., enough to last three years, with cattle, swine and fowls. "Good faith and 
 solid virtue" were what they found necessary to convert the Indians. This policy, adopted 
 by the United States more than two hundred years later, has resulted within a little more 
 than a generation, in our having Indians among our law makers at Washmgton; we need 
 no longer say that the "only good Indian is a dead Indian." It is only fair to say the 
 Indians were much better treated by the French than by the whites of New England. 
 
 In looking over the history of the years previous to, during and alter the war that gave 
 us independence, one is surprised at the lack of detail, and in some cases the unfortunate 
 neglect to give credit due the French race for their part in this great event. Only in recent 
 years have any of our writers looked thoroughly in the French archives; much of great 
 value to our history of the Revolution remains unpublished; but enough is known to com- 
 pel us to acknowledge that our debt to the French race, for our independence, is much 
 greater than is generally supposed. We can only guess what part the writings of the 
 French philosophers of the eighteenth century had in shaping our Constitution, but we 
 can easily trace the part the French race took in helping to wm our independence as be- 
 ginning with the English conquest of Canada. Montcalm, writing in 1759, prophesied 
 "that defeat would, some day, be worth more to his country than victory, and that the 
 victor, in his desire for aggrandizement, would find his grave in that aggrandizement." 
 
 Certain it is that the union of the colonies for the war, which terminated by the 
 loss of Canada to Prance, taught us the strength of union. As a result of this federa- 
 tion, our military leaders were trained and a new confidence in self government was 
 born. 
 
 From 1765 the French ministry kept itself accurately informed of everything going on, 
 by DeKalb in the colonies, by its agents in London; and, no doubt, Benjamin Franklin 
 did much to bring about an understanding even at that early date bv his correspondence 
 with Duke Rochefoucauld and other prominent Frenchmen he met while in London 
 in 1759, from whom he may have learned to sing the French revolutionary song with 
 which he stirred staid old Philadelphia when in 1777 he sang "Ca ira, Ca ira." France 
 kept herself informed of everything going on, and, in 1774, when the colonies were ready 
 for rebellion, France changed her Minister of Foreign .Affairs. This new Minister knew 
 P^ngland and her methods perfectly; he knew she had destroyed France's commerce and 
 
 66 
 
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tlic language and taitli of tliiir ancestors, but an unknown nunilit r have lost their race 
 identity, and many a ^'ankec boy or girl of today owes sonic of the good qualities he or she 
 possesses to the beauty and charming womanly qualities of a French mother, or grand- 
 mother. 
 
 At the beginning of our Civil War thousands came over tlie line to till our farms and 
 keep busy our factories, otherwise idle, and today the cotton, wool, leather and metal 
 working industries of New England owe much of their supremacy to the skillful, hard- 
 working, law-abiding French-American. How many fought to preserve the Union we 
 can only estimate — from twenty-five to forty thousand are the figures generally given. 
 While settled all over our country, New F'^ngland and the States west adjoining the Great 
 Lakes, contain the greater part of the two millions. Here, in less than half a century, their 
 influence in business and politics is already great, and in the near future is bound to be 
 greater as the generation born here is just reaching the ambitious age. 
 
 The story of the French race, what it has done and is doing for this country, is yet 
 unwritten. With the high ideals their leaders are setting for them, none can doubt its 
 future. No words can better define the feelings of the French-American for the country 
 v( his adoption than those of Rev. F. X. Chagnon, written years ago, concerning the edu- 
 cation of the French-American youth: 
 
 "Ainions notre pays d'un amour vrai, sincere; donnons lui des citoyens proprc a lui 
 procurer la granduer etla stabilitie de ses institutions." — 
 
 "Loving our country with a love that is true, sincere; let us give it citizens fit to main- 
 tain the grandeur and stability of its institutions." 
 
 ADDRESS OF SAMUEL B. BOTSFORD. 
 
 The following toast, was prepared by Samuel B. Botsford, of Buffalo, N. ^ .: 
 " Lieut. Cassin, Defender of Fort Cassin and Captain of the Ticonderoga." 
 Mr. Toaslniastrr, LaJrrs and Gentlemen. 
 
 Stephen Cassin was born in Philadelphia, Feb. l6, 17S5. His grandfather was an Irish 
 gardener and dairyman, who migrated to America and settled in Philadelphia. There 
 [ohn Cassin, father of Stephen, was born. John Cassin took to the sea, became master 
 of a merchantman, was twice shipwrecked, served in the British navy with such distinction 
 that he was presented by the London underwriters with a magnificent silver set. He saw 
 service in our navy during the Revolution, and was a friend of Washington, who gave him 
 an oil portrait of himself During the War of i8l2 he commanded the naval forces 
 stationed in the Delaware for the protection of Philadelphia, and he subsequently repre- 
 sented that city in Congress. 
 
 The son Stephen proved worthy of such a father. At the age of seventeen he entered 
 the navy as midshipman. He served with distinction during our war with Tripoli and 
 was a terror to the pirates who infested the West Indies. In the year 1822 he captured 
 four pirat<' crafts in two days. His bravery was further displayed by his wedding, tor he 
 
 68 
 

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bined attack upon him from all sides, coming to grappling distance, Cassin walked 
 the deck in a storm of shot, and by his coolness and courage turned the tide to 
 victory. Without him there could have been no battle; without him there might have 
 been no victory. In recognition of his gallantry, Congress ordered a gold medal struck 
 with his portrait and the words, "Quae regio in terris nostri non plena laboris." The 
 translation is "What part of the world is not filled with our deeds." 
 
 Such is a scant account of Lieut. Cassin. But who shall say that Marcy and Mans- 
 field have not looked down upon as great heroism as the gloomy Pyrenees, or that the 
 calm command from the taftrail of the Ticonderoga did not ring as truly brave as the 
 sound of Roland's horn, calling to Charlemagne after battle had been won by death ? We 
 arc met tonight to celebrate deeds near home. The Greeks and Romans sang of their 
 heroes and deified the saviors of their petty states. Surely we do well, in the peace and 
 plenty of our day, to gather in honor of such men as Cassin, who made possible the free- 
 dom and security in which we dwell. 
 
 70 
 
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fatigue the pleasure which he liad promised himself, as he tells us in his letter, to find 
 at Isle LaMotte a continuation, as it were, of the never to be forgotten days of 1908, on 
 the shores of the St. Lawrence. Quebec thus comes to pay a maternal visit to this 
 Christian community of Vermont which lived for a period of almost 150 years under her 
 protection and which only the compulsion of a political division could separate from her. 
 
 For this reason, my lord, in the long mourning which saddens this diocese, and 
 because these festivities recall the past, your presence affords us the greatest joy; 
 and it affords us pleasure also from another point of view; for it gives to the honors with 
 which this country surrounds our Champlain, their essential character. 
 
 America owes Champlain to France, and to the Church. The great navigator 
 wanted to enrich his country with a continent and to give an empire to God. It would 
 therefore not be possible to honor him worthily, except with a cross in one hand and the 
 national flag in the other. 
 
 We know how to appreciate, ^"our Honor, the Governor, the kindness of your rliought 
 in coming herein our midst, to salute in our glorious countryman the first pioneer of that 
 civilization, the vyorks of whom have been profitable mostly to the State,the interests of 
 which are entrusted to your intelligent energy; and 1 dare to say that, on the morning 
 of the solemnities which await you in the great city, your place was here on the border 
 to hail the genius who brought, over three hundred years ago, to these shores, within the 
 folds of his banners, freedom in brotherhood. * * * * 
 
 The presence of His Honor, the Governor of Vermont, recalls to us the prosperities 
 of civil life, the organization, the progress, well being, richness of the soil, and the pro- 
 iluctivity of work. But the living source of all wealth, the solid basis of all institutions 
 which assure the duration, the force of justice, the authority of the law, the right of the 
 mighty, the confidence and hope of the weak are all represented by you, my lord, 
 because you represent the superior formation of the conscience; and because, without 
 this moral and religious education of the people, there is no reality, except in the ultimatum 
 of force which belongs to the strongest, whether it be called the fierce Iroquois against 
 the feeble Algonquin, or whether it be called the civilized cannon of a "Dreadnought" 
 against a defenceless skiff. Today, as it was three hundred years ago, as always, it is 
 necessary to choose between the Gospel and barbarism. 
 
 Oh, certainly, I salute on his passage across these deep waters, that great captain 
 who was Samuel Champlain, when for the first time, in July, 1609, among these 
 unknown shores, and within sight of their impenetrable woods, in the midst of a myster- 
 ious silence which the timid paddles of twenty-four canoes which accompanied him feared 
 to waken, he goes to force, even to their last shelter at Crown Point, the enemies of his 
 allies. But it must be said that it is not to the arquebus of Champlain that we owe the 
 marvel of his work of civilization. 
 
 I like to contemplate this great man at ladoussac, in 1605, and later, in 1608, one 
 year before crossing the rapids and running against the terrible scalp hunters, seated on 
 
 72 
 
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 7J 
 
island will shine on the precise spot where Champlain leaving the river of the Iroquois 
 standing in his canoe, discovered the beautiful lake and saluted the splendor of its un- 
 equalled horizon. * * * * A cross is erected on Carillon fort; and now, from south 
 to nonh, between the cross of Carillon and the cross of St. Anne, the waters of Lake 
 Champlain will carry our sailors and their ships under the protection of the sign of Re- 
 demption. 
 
 Were it possible to reach any higher ideal ? We have thought so! It would be to 
 build in memory of the colonizer, a sanctuary to that God whose kingdom he wanted to 
 spread, and a shelter for His faithful pilgrims. That sanctuary, that shelter, behold 
 them! They are modest as was doubtless the first chapel erected in 1666 close to this 
 spot on the shore of the lake. But we trust that good St. Anne will render her house 
 less unworthy of its sacred mission. 
 
 ^'ou have in your hands, my lord, the treasure of heavenly graces, an invaluable 
 privilege: from his palace of Vatican, the common father of the faithful charges you to 
 impart today to the pilgrims of Isle La Motte the benefit of the apostolical benediction. 
 
 Let therefore that following the official representatives whom Monsignor Cloarec, 
 administrator of the diocese, has so happily chosen, in the presence of the .'Vbbot of Oka, 
 (another Frenchman) who, of the snowy acres of Canada, accomplished wonders which 
 he could stamp with the motto Crusf it Aratro; in the presence of that zealous clergy, a 
 Frenchman of France salutes, more with the hean than with the hand, all these Catholic 
 societies, all these banners that hurl to the echoes or proclaim to the breeze the name 
 of France, the old and ever venerated mother country; allow him also to salute, in the 
 name of all, the hospitable Stars and Stripes, the flag of the United States, magnan- 
 imous emblem of protection and liberty. * * * * Lastly, all upright, under the 
 shadow of the fraternizing colors of the Carillon and of the Tricolor, surrounded by all 
 those who gather, on these shores, the fruits of the hard labors of our Champlain; under 
 the protection of our good Mother St. Anne; in the emotion of the great memories of the 
 past, on the threshold of a fourth century, and in the sight of the unknown horizon of 
 the future, we beg of your paternal heart; of your powerful word, as a Pontiff, to call 
 down upon us and on these people, on this land drenched with the sweat and the blood of 
 our soldiers, of our priests, of our missionaries and our martyrs, the blessing of God, 
 the author of all good of Him by whom the soil is made fertile, families happy, people 
 noble, nations and races indestructible. 
 
 ADDRESS OF MONSIGNOR E. ROY. 
 
 His lordship, Monsignor Roy, auxiliary Bishop of Quebec, briefly acknowledged 
 the address. His reply was couched in felicitous terms. Monsignor Roy said that 
 Archbishop Begin was unable to take part in the festivities, owing to sudden indisposition. 
 Proceeding he spoke of the memories which the present demonstration recalled. He 
 described briefly the arrival of Champlain, and his landing on Isle La Motte; which 
 
 74 
 
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Champlain was a fearless navigator, if ever there was one, for he did not hesitate 
 twenty times to cross in a frail sliell the unknown ocean. But this is the least title to 
 glory of Samuel Champlain. We must honor in him, not so much the navigator and 
 explorer, as the colonizer. There are three kinds of colonists: First of all, there are 
 those of exploitation, born of the desire for traffic, like those of Tyre, in ancient days, 
 and of other peoples now; next come those of expansion born of conquest and invasion 
 which almost invariably have their origin in blood; lastly there are the colonies of alli- 
 ance and assimilation. Champlain desired neither the first nor the second kind; he 
 was neither a trader nor a conqueror. His aim was a pacific colonization in a savage 
 country, and he often declared that he had never shed blood except when forced by neces- 
 sity. From his works which have been published, thanks to the royal munificence of the 
 Seminary of Quebec, but which are as yet but little explored, there could be extracted 
 a small treatise on practical colonization. But, said the orator, I could not have spoken 
 of all these things, during high mass, had Champlain not had another title which is, after 
 all, the only one that concerns us. It is his apostolate, although the word may seem 
 an exaggeration. The great explorer was carried on, principally by a Christian thought, 
 as clearly appears in several passages of his works where he speaks of his desire which 
 he has to lead these savage peoples to the knowledge of the true God. 
 
 The name of an apostle is without doubt a great one to bestow. Let me offer an 
 explanation. The true apostles are those who have received the mission to teach: the 
 sons St. Francis, of St. Ignatius, or of M. Olier, who have evangelized the native tribes 
 at the price of their blood, arc the real missionaries. But it must not be forgotten that 
 there is also a lay apostolate, and Champlain understood it well. Within the limits of 
 his powers he made himself a missionary; and for the completion of his work he exerted 
 himself and caused to come over the true misionaries, the authorized apostles. There 
 are, the orator proceeded to say, individual apostles, but there are also collective or 
 apostolical races. It can be said that the Canadian or Franco-Canadian race belongs 
 t,o the latter class, and let this be said without any intention of hurting the feelings 
 of Americans, as Cardinal Merry del Val declares, a noble and generous nation. 
 
 ADDRESS OF REV. D. J. O'SULLIVAN. 
 
 The Sermon in English was delivered by the Rev. Daniel J. O'Sullivan, of St. Albans. 
 In most eloquent and patriotic language he paid all honor to the Christian, manly and 
 heroic qualities in the character of Samuel Champlain, but first of all, glory and praise 
 to God, the giver of all things. He contrasted the present peaceful times upon these 
 shores of our beautiful lake, over which floats the glorious Stars and Stripes of our country 
 with the troublous period, when the land was under the domain of France and then Eng- 
 land. It was a time of violent competition between two conquerors for the possession of a 
 country, that the one would keep by the right of discovery, and the other wanted to seize 
 
 76 
 

 
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 Sunday in Burlington. 
 
 
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On Sunday afternoon an open air vesper service was held on the grandstand at 
 the foot of College street which was attended by fully 5,000 people. Among the dis- 
 tinguished clergymen in attendance were Rt. Rev. James A. Burke, the Bishop of Albany, 
 Rt. Rev. Z. Racicof, auxiliary Bishop of Montreal, Rt. Rev. .Mgr. J.J.Walsh, of Troy, 
 N. Y., Rt. Rev. .Mgr. John Riley, of Schenectady, N. Y., and the Rt. Rev. J. M. Cloarec, 
 of Burlington. 
 
 Special music was rendered by the combmed male choir of St. Joseph's Church 
 and St. Mary's Cathedral. Addresses were delivered by the Rev. W. ]. O'SulIivan, 
 of Montpelier, and the Rev. T. M. Aubiii, of Swanton, the latter speaking in F"rench. 
 
 ADDRESS OF REV. W. J. O'SULLIVAN. 
 
 Father O'SulIivan said in part: 
 
 "On this day at this time and in this place it is pertinent and appropriate that we 
 citizens of Vermont celebrate the memory of him who placed the name of our beautiful 
 lake and our great State with its monarch of mountains upon the map of the world. 
 It is meet and proper that we should hear and earnestly consider the appreciation given 
 by the Chief Executive of our State of this figure in our history, Samuel Champlain." 
 
 Father O'SulIivan then read Governor Prouty's proclamation and proceeded to 
 emphasize the points made prominent in that document, saying: " By the Providence 
 of God, Champlain had been fittingly prepared for the great mission confided to him 
 as a man of deep, sincere faith. His great desire was to carry the light of the Gospel 
 to the dusky denizens of the forest and plains of a new world. He planted great cedar 
 crosses throughout the country as he explored. He sought and obtained the serv-ices of 
 those heroic missionaries who watered these crosses with their life's blood." 
 
 The speaker dwelt upon the purity and uprightness of the great explorer, showing 
 him to be a veritable Bayard, a knight without fear or reproach, and added: "He made 
 a way for the myriads of the brave and the strong who followed in his footsteps and built 
 up what is today the most powerful of the nations of the earth, where liberty reigns 
 and is enjoyed by all men of good will. 
 
 " The crosses of Champlain still stand upon the cathedrals, the temples and churches 
 which line the shores of the St. Lawrence River, Lake Champlain and the rivers, valleys 
 and mountain sides of Vermont. 
 
 "Let us be true to the principles and faith of Champlain and we will make for the 
 permanency of the in.stitutions of our country, for the liberty, happiness and prosperity 
 of the people." 
 
 A largely attended union service was held in the First Church on Sunday evening 
 and a special musical program was rendered. 
 
 78 
 
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the past. Neither State nor citizenship that is not based on true religion can endure. 
 We must have the vision of the city of God to build a beautiful city and we must know 
 submission to the will of God in order to create a regnant city. Every great epoch in the 
 world's history is the meeting of what has been with what is to be. It is then that the 
 present is illuminated and we can see to go on. Let us, then come back to our altars 
 for guidance, to thank God for what has been and to bow our heads for consecration by 
 the touch of what shall be. If this is done all will be well with the Republic." 
 
 Monday in Burlington. 
 
 The celebration of Monday in Burlington opened with a sunrise salute and the 
 ringing of bells at six o'clock. The city was handsomely decorated, nearly every place 
 of business in the city being in gala attire. On the main streets of the city the work 
 had been done by professional decorators and the color scheme had been worked out 
 harmoniously. The plan was unique and attractive and on a far more elaborate scale 
 than ever before attempted in Vermont. These decorations included pillars represent- 
 ing white marble and from them across the street were festooned flags of France, Great 
 Britain and the United States. In connection with these decorations electric lights 
 were also strung from the pillars and these with the elaborate decorations furnished by 
 the city on City Hall Park, made Burlington at night a place of light and color. 
 
 -At nine-thirty o'clock in the morning the Burlington Automobile Club participated 
 in a decorated automobile parade carrying children from the Providence Orphan Asylum 
 and Home for Destitute Children. At the same hour a concert was given in City Hall 
 Park by the Sherman Military Band. At 10:31" o'clock literary exercises were held in 
 City Hall Park, a great crowd being assembled in front of the speakers' platform. Mayor 
 lames E. Burke introduced the Rt. Rev. A. C. A. Hall, who offered prayer. 
 
 ADDRESS BY GOVERNOR PROUT\'. 
 
 In a brief speech the Mayor extended a welcome to the guests who were present. 
 He then introduced (jovernor G. II. Proufy who declared that he alone of a long line 
 of Governors had the privilege of taking part in such a celebration. He said in part: 
 "Though the tercentenary of the discovery of the lake is of great and immediate interest 
 to us we must not let it obscure the greater importance of Independence Day, and all it 
 stands for. It depends upon us as individual citizens what manner of government we 
 have and what future generations shall be. As we do and build now, so we shall be 
 gnat and noble as a people in the ages to come." 
 
 80 
 
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ADDRESS BY CONGRESSMAN FOSTER. 
 Congressman D. ]. Foster was then introduced and said in part: 
 
 "The fact that children are present and take part in exercises the same as those of 
 the Tercentenary celebration is significant of our form of government. The State has 
 taken a hand in one of the most important affairs of the nation — the education of children. 
 And this is done because it is right. The future citizens must be taught and moulded 
 so that they will be ready to play their part in the affairs of the nation when their turn 
 comes. We are engaged in making, not soldiers, as do the Germans, but citizens. The 
 future of our country is not in danger so long as the training of the children stands for 
 truth, and justice, and righteousness.'' 
 
 MILITARY AND CIVIC PARADE. 
 
 The literary exercises were followed by a grand military and civic parade which was 
 reviewed by Governor Prouty and staff, members of the city government and members 
 of the Vermont Tercentenary Commission. 
 
 Lieut. Col. W. D. Beach, commanding officer at Fort Ethan Allen, acted as Chief 
 Marshal, Lieut. M. G. Holiday as Chief of Staff and Lieut. S. C. Reynolds as Adjutant 
 General. The parade included First squadron, nth cavalry, U. S. A., Major William 
 A. Mercier commanding; Vermont National Guard, Col. J. Gray Estey commanding; 
 ancient fire fighting apparatus (1838); Boxer engine (1858); Barnes hose cart, world's 
 champion, Chicago, (1878); Burlington fire department; Alpha Camp, Modern Wood- 
 men of America; Burlington Council, U. C. T.; Montpelier Fife and Drum Corps, com- 
 posed of pupils in the public schools, said to be the largest organization of its kind in the 
 world; Camp James W. Flynn, United Spanish War Veterans; students of Berkley 
 school. Camp Champlain; students of Barnard school, Camp Iroquois; Sherman's 
 Military Band; Vermont Regimental Band; the Eagles Band; the Ferrari Band; 
 Ancient Order of Hibernians; Catholic Young Men's Union; Fraternal Order of Eagles; 
 Brotherhood of Painters and Decorators, and a large number of handsome floats repre- 
 senting fraternal and business organizations. 
 
 At two o'clock in the afternoon a concert was given on City Hall Park by the Mont- 
 pelier Fife and Drum Corps. 
 
 At three-thirty o'clock in the afternoon a Marathon race of 26 miles and 385 yards 
 was run on Centennial Field. Johnny Hayes, Patrick Dineen, Blackhawk, the Indian 
 runner, and Ted Cooke, participated. Dineen won the race in three hours and one-half 
 of a minute. 
 
 In the evening there was a band concert and an elaborate display of fireworks from 
 the breakwater. 
 
 82 
 
Tuesday in BurIint;ton. 
 
 
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PARADE OF FRENCH SOCIETIES. 
 
 In the afternoon a street parade was given, the visiting organizations being the princi- 
 pal feature. The roster of the parade was as follows: 
 
 Marshal Napoleon L'Heureux and his aids. 
 
 Oliver Martin, M. A. Paquet and Frank Robillard. 
 
 Platoon of Police. 
 
 Sherman Military Band. 
 
 St. Joseph's Society of Burlington with float. 
 
 Delegations from the Canadian Artisans of Hochelaga, No. 50 Montreal, No. 352 
 Montreal, Levis, P. Q., and No. 144 Quebec. 
 
 Knights of Columbus of Burlington. 
 
 Eagle Band. 
 
 St. John Baptist Society of Burlington with float. 
 
 Delegations from I'Alliance Nationalc of Montreal, I'Association St. Jean Baptist 
 of Montreal and the French Chamber of Commerce of Montreal, TUnion St. Pierre of 
 Montreal. 
 
 St. Joseph's Court, C. O. F., of Burlington with float. 
 
 Delegation from the Court of St. Lambert, Montreal. 
 
 Industrial cars. 
 
 Philharmonic Band of St. Hyacinthe. 
 
 St. Joseph's Union of St. Hyacinthe. 
 
 Guard of Honor, St. Jean Baptiste, Central Falls, R. I. 
 
 St. Laurent Council, St. Jean Baptiste Union, Winooski. 
 
 DeGoesbriand Council, St. Jean Baptiste Union, Burlington with float. 
 
 Delegations of the following Councils: No. i, Lowell, Mass.; No. 135 Holyoke, 
 Mass.; No. 216, Woonsocket, R. I.; No. 135 Pittsfield, Mass.; No. i, Holyoke, Mass.; 
 No. 63, New Haven, Conn., and Ware, Mass. 
 
 Mayor Burke, the Citv Council, members of the clergy and invited guests in car- 
 riages. 
 
 The parade was reviewed from the stand in City Hall Park by the members of the 
 city government and the guests of honor included clergy and laity. After refresh- 
 ments there was more speech making. The orators included Mayor Burke, Rev. J. B. 
 Pouliot, of Essex Junction, Aime Amyot, President General of the Union of St. Joseph, 
 of St. Hyacinthe, P. Q., J. V. Desaulniers, of Montreal, President General Society des 
 Artisans-Canadians Francais, L. H. St. Pierre, President, Artisans-Canadians-Francais, 
 Levis, P. Q. 
 
 Another feature of the afternoon was a sensational ball game, played on Centennial 
 Field, between Burlington and Pittsfield nines. There were no runs up to the thir- 
 teenth inning, the Burlington team winning by a score of two to one. In the evening 
 there was a pleasing spectacle .it the waterfront. The manv local craft as well as the 
 
 84 
 
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ARRIVAL OF THE PRESIDENT. 
 
 The first event on the formal program was the arrival of President Taft and the 
 official party from Plattsburgh. 
 
 This party included President Taft and his military aide, Capt. Archibald W. 
 Butt; the President's son Robert, and his daughter Helen; Ambassador and Mrs. James 
 Bryce, of Great Britain; Ambassador and Mrs. James Jacques Jusserand, of France; 
 several attaches of the French Legation; Hon. Rodolphe Lemieux, Postmaster General 
 of Canada; Sir Lomer Gouin, Premier of the Province of Quebec; M. GeoftVion, Sir 
 A. P. Pelletier, Victor Pelletier, Major Crossett, Capt. de Chambrun, M. Pontalis and 
 Lieut. D'Azy; Governor Charles E. Hughes, of New York, Mrs. Hughes and Col. George 
 Curtis Treadwell, military secretary; members of the New York Lake Champlain 
 Tercentenary Commission, Hon. H. Wallace Knapp, president; Hon. Henry W. Hill, 
 secretary; Walter C. Witherbee, treasurer; Hon. J. J. Frawley, Assemblymen James A. 
 Foley, Wm. R. Weaver, James Shea; John B. Riley, Howland Pell, Louis C. Lafontaine, 
 and John H. Booth; a large number of the members of the New York Senate and Assembly; 
 Hon. and Mrs. Seth Low, Bliss Carman, Percy Mackaye, and Prof. John Erskine. 
 
 It was about eleven o'clock when the steamer Ticonderoga with the official guests 
 reached the wharf of the Lake Champlain ^'acht Club at the foot of College Street. 
 Here the Presidential party was received by His Excellency, Gov. George H. Prouty, and staff, 
 consisting of Adjutant Cieneral W. H. Gilmore, Judge Advocate General D. L. Morgan, 
 Surgeon General D. C. Noble, and Cols. E. P. WoodbiJry, Charles E. Nelson, John E. 
 Piddock, William M. Hatch, and Wilson B. Nutting; members of the Vermont Tercentenary 
 Commission, consisting of Hon. Horace W. Bailey, Rev. Dr. John M. Thomas, 
 W. J. VanPatten, Frank L. Fish, Geo. T. Jarvis, Arthur F. Stone, Lynn M. Hays, 
 Walter H. Crockett and F. O. Beaupre;and by the local reception committee, which 
 consisted of Myyor James E. Burke, Rt. Rev. A. C. A. Hall, Rt. Rev. James Cloarec, 
 Hon. Roben Roberts, President M. H. Buckham, General W. W. Henry, Judge Seneca 
 Haselton, W. A. Cronibie, Hon. Elias Lyman, Congressman D. J. Foster, Dr. W. Sew- 
 ard Webb, Major-General O. O. Howard, Hon. C. H. Darling, Henry Holt, Darwin 
 R. Kingsley, L. C. Clark, ex-Governor U. A. Woodbury, Clarence Morgan, G. H. Allen, 
 C. A. Catlin and R. M. Catlin. 
 
 A brief reception to the President and party was held in the parlors of the Lake 
 Champlain Yacht Club, after which automobiles and carriages were taken and the 
 distinguished guests escorted to City Hall Park by the First Regiment Vermont 
 National Guard, Col. J. Gray Estey commanding, and Troop A, i ith United States 
 Cavalry, Captain John Haines commanding, through throngs of enthusiastic people to 
 the seats which had been provided on the grandstand erected for the literary 
 exercises. 
 
 86 
 
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To me has been assigned the pleasant duty to extend a hearty welcome to our guests 
 and the people assembled here today and I want to say, representing as I do, the people 
 of the city of Burlington, that to you, Mr. President, our most worthy ruler, I do on their 
 behalf, extend to you a most cordial greeting and welcome you to the foremost city of the 
 State. (Applause). And also to you, representatives of other governments who have 
 seen fit to honor us and grace us with your presence, I also extend a cordial greeting of 
 welcome on this occasion. And to all other guests here, no matter from where they come, 
 I extend this cordial greeting of welcome. And to you, ladies and gentlemen, I also ex- 
 tend, in behalf of the citizens of Burlington, a cordial greeting of welcome to our city on 
 this occasion. 
 
 The last 300 years represent a period of discovery, conquest and development. On 
 the fourtii day of July, 1609, the great Champlain discovered what I believe to be the most 
 beautiful body of water whose ripples in response to the gentle breeze vvas ever kissed 
 by the sunlight. The importance of the discovery of these beautiful waters is considered 
 of so much importance that our own dear Vermont and the great Empire State across 
 the water have seen fit to join together and help celebrate the anniversary of this great 
 event in a befitting manner. 
 
 Three hundred years ago the only craft that appeared upon these beautiful waters 
 was the Indian canoe. Today floating palaces have supplanted the canoe of the Indian; 
 today along these beautiful shores, beautiful cities and villages have supplanted the camp- 
 ing ground and the wigwam of the Indian. Today, ladies and gentlemen, a high state 
 of civilization tempered by uplifting Christianity has taken the place of the barbarous 
 customs and lives of the Indians, and speaking from a broader sense, as it affects our 
 Government at large, I want to say, and I think I have a right to say it along the lines of 
 development, today this great nation stands without a peer among the nations of the world 
 in all those things which make a nation great. (Applause.) 
 
 Is it any wonder then, when we stop to contemplate this great progress and develop- 
 ment made during the last 300 years, that we should assemble here together to help cele- 
 brate in a fitting manner that great event ? Notwithstanding that fact that this progress 
 and development during the last 300 years has been of material benefit, not only to the 
 people of this country, but the whole world, 1 believe that our mission is only just begun; 
 1 believe that, while notwithstanding the fact that the past is bright in achievements of 
 this country, the future is to be brighter yet; I believe that the destiny of this great 
 nation of ours is to continue on and lead in the achievements of those great things 
 which make for the material advancement and the uplifting of the human race of the 
 whole world. (Applause.) 
 
 Now, ladies and gentlemen, speaking from a local standpoint, I want to call your 
 attention to a certain project which I believe means much to this section of the country. 
 It is no other than the deep waterway project. I believe that is to come, and I believe 
 it is my duty and that 1 have a right to take the opportunity that presents itself to me from 
 
 88 
 
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State of Vermont to have a celebration like this if we had not received the assistance of the 
 State of New York. It is true that the idea of this celebration was conceived in this State, 
 as everything else good is. But tlie assistance of the great Empire State was necessary 
 in order that we might carry out that idea to the full extent, and I wish now to extend to the 
 State of New York and its commission the heartfelt thanks of the citizens of the State 
 of Vermont, and of the Vermont Commission, for all they have done for us in the way of 
 helping us in this great celebration. I can assure you that it is a great thing that they should 
 have done this and we appreciate it. Now, there is another thing: there is a gentleman 
 over in the State of New "^'ork who is pretty well known there and he has been holding nu- 
 up every day until after he had a chance to make his speech, and you can understand just 
 how 1 felt when after he had finished they called on me. He said yesterday that he had been 
 made the burnt offering and he is going to be made the burnt offering today. He talked 
 a good deal about Ethan Allen and Serh Warner and Remember Baker, and from what 
 he said I thought he wanted to call them New Yorkers, but he did not dare go quite as far 
 as that. 
 
 Now, my friends, 1 want to introduce to you, as the representative of the State ol 
 New York, a gentleman whom I am sure you will all be pleased to see here today. He 
 said that after he left New ^ ork that he should tread softly. 1 say to you that after he 
 has received your greetings he won't be able to "tread softly," he will be so puffed up, 
 and without any further remarks, I wish to present to you, ladies and gentlemen, the 
 Governor of New York. (Applause.) 
 
 ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR HUGHES. 
 
 Governor Hughes spoke as follows: 
 
 Mr. President, Govertior Prouty, Ambassadors, Dislinguished Guests, Fellmu Citi- 
 zens of the United States; 
 
 It is impossible for any of you to know with what emotion a New Worker finds him- 
 self upon Vermont soil. It is impossible for you to understand how warmly appreciated is 
 the greeting that you have given to your dearest foe. (Laughter). And now lest I be 
 misunderstood, I want to say at the outset, that on behalf of New York, personally and 
 officially and in any other way that you may suggest, I admit it all. If there is any son 
 of Vermont who can step upon this platform and adequately portray the services that 
 you have rendered to the cause of liberty and to the maintenance of our unity, if 
 there is any one favored with the benedictions of these hills who can stand before you 
 and tell truthfully of your virtues and just renown, then I will say to him, to all I agree; 
 and I wish that I had the power of language and the skill of rhetoric to tell what is in my 
 heart of love and affection and what is in my mind of respect and just esteem for the people 
 of the Green Mountains. 
 
 90 
 

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celebration is of national significance, and we are today more conscious of our unity as a 
 people, more intent upon carrying forward with prosperity and justice our national 
 interests than upon anything else in the world. Even you proud Vermonters forget 
 Vermont when you think of the United States. (Applause.) And were the flag of our 
 common country ever to go in advance of armies of defense, those armies would be filled, 
 as of yore, with Green Mountain Boys, side by side with the sons of the Empire State, 
 knowing no distinction in their patriotism. (Applause.) But while we cannot too 
 strongly emphasize our national unity, and desire our national growth, and are most 
 solicitous that all powers necessary for national prosperity should be exercised by a strong 
 central government, we realize that the great success of the administration of our political 
 affairs has been due to the fortunate division, which has given us local governments, 
 which we desire to have within their proper domain equally strong and equally efficient 
 as that, within its domain, of the Federal Government itself (.Applause.) 
 
 And today we have not the rivalry of contests over territory. We are glad that you 
 got your Hampshire Grants. 
 
 We are glad that you own this fair land. 1 assure you, as one iiaving knowledge, 
 that proud as we are of New York, we are conscious we have got all we can attend to. We 
 could not deal with any more than we have, and we have a few perhaps to spare, and with 
 the greatest city in the United States, we have problems of a sort which fortunately do not 
 ve.\ your politics. But, as 1 say, we realize that in the future our rivalry is to be a rivalry 
 of State efficiency. (Applause.) 
 
 One of the finest things that has been done in recent years was the calling together 
 of the conference of Governors. It is of great importance that those who, by popular 
 election, represent the entire people of their respective States, should come together for 
 conference in order that they may learn what has been wisely done in other jurisdictions, 
 what experiments have failed, what have succeeded, and that by fair comparison they 
 may take advantage of the extraordinary scale of experience which is being afforded 
 throughout our various States. And, therefore, citizens of Vermont, I am glad that we 
 have an event which we now celebrate in common, one and that is back far enough to 
 antedate any ditfcrencc. We go back there on this day of happy celebration, and then we 
 jump all the intervening time, and we forget everything that has divided the children 
 of these favored communities. We look forward to friendly competition in good govern- 
 ment, with intense desire to make use of our State facilities in order to promote the real 
 interest and happiness of our respective peoples, realizing that by doing so we buttress 
 the foundations of the Union and prepare ourselves better to do our duty as citizens of the 
 United States of America. (Applause.) 
 
 In introducing the next speaker, Ambassador Jusserand of France, Governor 
 Prouty said: 
 Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 We are exceedingly fortunate in having the gentleman with us who will speak to us 
 
 92 
 

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They were better sowers than reapers. They sowed broadcast and far and the harvest was 
 not always theirs. But sowing is a praisworthy deed and those who performed it deserve 
 gratitude. I cannot say, however, that France, while she was such a good sower, was not 
 also a reaper, for there is one thing France considers she has garnered, and she attaches 
 more importance to it than to the possession of many a more tangible harvest, and that is 
 American friendship. (Applause.) 
 
 Ladies and gentlemen, you know I am sure, if not by personal experience, at least 
 by hearsay, what an Ambassador is. An Ambassador is a man whose duty, whose trade, 
 is to smooth away difficulties; and an Ambassador like various other sorts of laborers is 
 never so happy as when he has nothing to do. I am for this cause grateful to your State, 
 for it is a fact that in the relations between France and Vermont everything is very satis- 
 factor}'. (Laughter). I see no difficulties looming forth, and if ever, which heaven 
 forbid, there were any, I am sure the French Ambassador, whoever he might be, would 
 have no difficulty in smoothing away troubles arising between the land of " Liberty, 
 Equality, Fraternity", and the State of "Freedom and Unity." 
 
 In presenting the next speaker. Ambassador Bryce of Great Britain, Governor 
 Prouty said : 
 
 In the past we have had some trouble with our mother country, but she is our mother 
 country and we love her for it. Therefore, we are extremely pleased today that she 
 should have sent so distinguished a representative here on this occasion, one who has 
 shovv'n himself to be so familiar with our institutions; and it is with great pleasure that I 
 present at this time Ambassador Bryce of (jreat Britian. 
 
 ADDRESS OF AMBASSADOR BR^'CF. 
 Ambassador Bryce then made the following notable speech: 
 
 Mr. Governor, Mr. President, Citizens of Vermont, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 You are met today to commemorate in Vermont a great event, which it is fitting that 
 vou should commemorate — the discovery three centuries ago of that noble lake which 
 forms the western boundary of your State, and is one of its greatest charms. When we 
 think of what this region was 300 years ago, one can hardly believe that such great changes 
 can have passed in so short a time. Short it is, if one compares three centuries with the 
 long ages that it took to effect similar changes in the countries of the Old World. In 1609 
 this place here where we stand was in the midst of a solemn and awe-inspiring wilderness. 
 What daring it must have needed to explore those vast and solitary forests — solitary 
 because the Indian tribes, always at war with one another, had desolated them by contin- 
 ual strife, leaving hardly a man alive through enormous tracts, and how bold a spirit 
 must that have been of the men who in their frail canoes, along long stretches of rivers and 
 lakes, venturing through dangerous rapids, following difficult trails through dark woods 
 with no guide except the Indians, on whom they could not always rely, woods filled with 
 
 94 
 

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part of which the basin of the St. Lawrence is divided from the basin of the Hudson 
 and the Conneaicut by lofty mountains and what were then impassable forests. It is a 
 noble natural highway for commerce, and what hope for dominion and for trade must 
 have thrilled the heart of Champlain when he saw this splendid highway stretching south 
 right across between the lines of the mountains. It was an age when the growth of the 
 great Spanish Empire in the southern parts of North America and over the most of South 
 America had fired the imagination of the other nations to emulate what Spain had done, 
 and Holland and France and England all sought to create for themselves dominions simi- 
 lar to that which Spain had acquired so easily. 
 
 So the example of Champlain who came to found an umpire here for the King of 
 France, fired many an excellent French pioneer after him, until Du Luth reached the 
 furthest corner of Lake Superior at the spot where a great city now bears his name, and 
 until La Salle, passing up Lake Michigan, and by the spot where now Chicago stands, 
 crossed over to the Illinois River, and then descended down to its mouth, the mighty 
 stream of the Mississippi. Of all that has happened, ladies and gentlemen, since those 
 days of Samuel Champlain, I have no time to speak. I cannot tell you of the long pro- 
 cess by which Vermont was built up, and filled with the stalwart race of the Creen Moun- 
 tain Boys. 1 don't know, by the way, ladies and gentlemen, why we should always have 
 to refer to the Green Mountain Boys and not speak also of the Green Mountain girls. 
 (Applause.) Those men of the Green Mountains were indeed a sturdy and stalwart race. 
 I'hey were the early predecessors of the Western backwoodsmen of later days, they were 
 the men who had the hardy virtues, which in your later days, you associate with the far 
 West. But in one respect they are perhaps better than the men of the far West, for they 
 were not so free and easy in their use of shooting irons. Perhaps, however, that is so only 
 because in those days the revolver had not yet been invented. Nor can I stop to describe 
 the long strife that ranged along the shores of your lake. We have been hearing about 
 that for the last three days in New "\'ork State. Nor will 1 attempt to discuss the rival 
 claims that were put forward to the territory in the presence of two such potentates as the 
 Governors of New 'V'ork and Vermont. I will only say that those contests gave an occa- 
 sion for the display of that admirable quality in which the citizens of the United States, 
 and particularly of the northern part of the United States, stand pre-eminent, a very high 
 sense of justice and individual right, and a determination to assert individual right by 
 every legal method. These long differences have now been happily adjusted, and I will 
 leap across the intervening centuries to give you one thought that occurs to me when I 
 consider what has become of northern New York and of Vermont, now three centuries 
 from the time when those territories were first discovered. How strangely does the present 
 differ from what anybody in the past could have foretold. How wonderfully are all the 
 purposes of man turned aside. How little can anyone foresee what the future has in 
 store; how little can the discoverer himself tell what will becomeof the land which he dis- 
 covered. Champlain thought that he came here to establish the dominion of the Royal 
 
 96 
 
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lands of the Alps and of Scotland. You have shown it in the great men that you 
 have given to the United States, and in the hardy pioneers and settlers which you have 
 sent forth from northern New England to settle in northern New York, and all across 
 the continent as far as the ranges of the Rocky Mountains. And then your country is 
 unequalled in the beauty and variety of the scenery with which Providence has blessed 
 you (Applause.) No other pan of eastern American can compare for the varied charms 
 of a wild and romantic nature with the States that lie around Lake Champlain and the 
 While Mountains. And as wealth increases in other parts of the country, as the gigantic 
 cities of the Eastern States grow still vaster, as population thickens in the agricultural 
 and manufacturing parts of Ohio and Pennsylvania, and Indiana and Illinois, one may 
 foresee a time when the love of nature and that love of recreation and health will draw 
 more and more of the population of those over-crowded cities and States to seek the delights 
 of nature in these spots where nature shows at her loveliest. I would need the imagination 
 of a poet or the pen of a real estate agent to figure out what the value of property will 
 become on the shores here half a century hence, but this I can say, that I do believe that 
 all eastern America will come more and more to value this region of mountains and lakes, 
 as the place in which relief will have to be sought from the constantly growing strain and 
 stress of our modern life. And anyone who values nature and loves nature, and who 
 foresees such a future as that for this part of America, cannot refrain from taking this 
 opportunity of begging you to do all you can to safeguard and preser\'e those beauties 
 and charms of nature with which you have been endowed in such liberal measure. (Ap- 
 plause.) 
 
 Do not suffer any of those charms to be lost by any want of foresight on your 
 part now. Save your woods, not only because they are one of your great natural resources 
 that ought to be conserved, but also because they are a source of beauty which can never 
 be recovered if they are lost. Do not permit any unsightly buildings to deform beautiful 
 scenery which is a joy to those who visit you. Preserve the purity of your streams and 
 your lakes, not merely for the sake of the angler, although I have a great deal of sympathy 
 with him, but al.so for the sake of those who live on the banks, and those who come to 
 seek the joy of an unspoiled nature by the riversides. Keep open the summits of your 
 mountains. Let no man debar you from free acctss to the top of your mountains and 
 from the pleasure of wandering along their sides, and the joys their prospects afford. 1 
 am sorry to say that in my own country there are persons who in the interest of what wc 
 call their sporting rights endeavor to prevent the pedestrians and the artists and the 
 geologists and the botanists, and any one who loves nature and seeks nature for her own 
 sake, from enjoying the mountains and the views they afford. Do not, in this country, 
 suffer any such mistake to be made; but see that you keep open for the enjoyment of all 
 the people, for the humblest of the people, as well as for those who can enjoy villas and 
 yachts of their own, the beauties with which Providence has blessed you. These, ladies 
 and gentlemen, are some of the means by which this noble shore, the most beautiful of all 
 
 98 
 
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and England are also officially represented by their Ambassadors. The scene has changed 
 but the actors are the same. Indeed, the name of Champlain belongs not only to one 
 race, but to humanity. His fame as a navigator and as a discoverer extends far beyond 
 Quebec, far beyond this lake. It extends all over America. With the hope of finding 
 the highway to the riches of India, the fervor of his ardent spirit led him in his first voyage 
 to project a canal across the Panama. And later on, still dreaming that a pathway might 
 yet be found which would lead him to this golden land, he penetrated through the St. 
 Lawrence as far as the great inland seas. He, before all others, surveyed the Ottawa 
 River and its tributaries. He was a pioneer. The Panama Canal is now well under way, 
 and thanks to the vigorous and enlightened policy of President Taft, the world will soon 
 realize what the opening of the Isthmus means for the interchange of commerce between 
 the cast and the west. Some day, not too far distant, the Canadian government will 
 build the Georgian Bay Canal. Its course will follow practically the same route as that 
 surveyed by Champlain three centuries ago. The dream of a pathway to Cathay has 
 long ago been fulfilled. From Montreal, four days' travel carries one to the Pacific, and 
 the wealth of the Orient is within his grasp. With the transcontinental railways and the 
 Empress lines of steamers, the mysteries of the far East have now faded away. 
 
 But, sir, what is the true significance of this celebration, and why this gathering I 
 If Quebec, if the Plains of Abraham, the scene of the last conflict between the two great 
 rival powers, stand in bold relief in the annals of America, this Lake Champlain valley 
 can also well be pointed to as one of the hallowed grounds of this continent. (Applause.) 
 
 Long before its discovery by Champlain, the blue waters of the lake shaded by the 
 primeval forests were traversed by the warring Indian tribes in their crafts of fragile bark. 
 The red men knew the imponance of this site in their errands. They had called it the 
 "Gate of the Country." And when Champlain, induced by his allies to visit these shores 
 in July, 1609, gazed upon this sheet of water, he soon foresaw what its undisputed posses- 
 sion meant from a strategical point of view. Here was the highway between Quebec and 
 Albany, between the north and the south, between New France and New England, a 
 highway through which, during 250 years surged the tides of war and travel. In time of 
 peace, the picturesque flotillas of canoes brought here from the deepest recesses the fur 
 trader, the trappers, the coureurs de hois and the black-robed missionary. In time of war, 
 from the north and south, marched with unfaltering steps the elite of French and English 
 armies — and later, of the American army — in order to gain control of this all-important 
 thoroughfare. From whatever point the eye wanders on this lake, it rests upon some 
 historical fortifications which, though silent, bear witness that the destinies of France, of 
 England, of the United States and of Canada were largely decided here. Fort St. Anne 
 at Isle La Motte, Fort St. Frederic at Crown Point, Fort Carillon at Ticonderoga, are 
 landmarks familiar to every schoolboy on both sides of the boundary. And what great 
 men — pioneers, generals, soldiers, whose fame re-echoes from shore to shore! On that 
 roll of honor Canada stands prominently. In the words of Parkman: "When America 
 

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 101 
 
Chicago and afterwards established a trading post on that spot. Vincennes owes its 
 name and origin to the ChevaHer de Vincennes. Glancing over the archives of Wisconsin 
 and Minnesota, there is no exaggeration in saying that the colonization and settlement of 
 the West was due to Canadians. In fact, the descendants of the coitreurs de bois, so 
 vividly described by Parkman, were wont to overrun the West. After the War of Inde- 
 pendence, they made the territories which now comprise the States of Wisconsin, Minnesota 
 Iowa, etc., their home, and many of them were the connecting link between the Indians 
 and the United States, acting as interpreters when treaties were concluded between the 
 aborigines and the American government. Leclerc, Perrault, Bisaillon, to name but a 
 few, were well known by American statesmen of the time, and advantage was taken 
 of their intercourse and good relationship with the Indians to bring about treaties with the 
 United States. It is also a fact that these Canadians were much more in sympathy with 
 the Indians than the American colonists, living their lives, associating with them in their 
 every day pursuits. Thus, they contributed largely to the extension of civilization west- 
 ward. "Westward the Star of Empire takes its way," says the American poet. Might 
 I not add: "Guided by Canadian explorers ?" 
 
 I referred a moment ago to the Puritans. The stern puritan character of the Pil- 
 grim Fathers, who founded New England, was perhaps less romantic and picturesque 
 than that of the French cavaliers who planted the cross on the heights of Quebec and 
 roamed all over the continent, but they also represented ideals which contributed in the 
 making of the North American continent. To them, to their courage and their patient 
 labors, is due the enormous expansion of the Republic. To their spirit of individual 
 initiative and endurance must we assign the evolution which has taken place in the political 
 institutions of the continent. Sons of Great Britain, they could not but live up to those 
 ideals which, born in the forests of northern Europe and nursed on the sea, were destined 
 to rise to full stature in the boundless regions and wilds of America. They, above all 
 others, can claim to have accomplished the great task of building this great American 
 nation and of inspiring its polity. Englishmen bred in law-and-ordered government, they 
 left an ancient realm, a land of art and letters to buil states in a wilderness. They 
 brought with them the steadied habits and sobered thoughts of a highly civilized nation 
 into the wild air of an untouched continent. All honor to the Pilgrim Fathers! (Applause.) 
 
 But whilst we must show appreciation of the explorers and pioneers of this continent 
 and of the warriors who fought and died here for their country, whilst to forget such 
 true and brave men or even to yield them indifiFerent praise, would be but shame, yet. Sir, 
 is not this the fittest occasion to proclaim our determination that now on and forever the 
 American commonwealth and the Dominion of Canada shall always promote and advance 
 the cause of peace, harmony and civilization on this vast continent ? There are heroes 
 of peace as there are heroes of war. In our modern times, death sacrifice is not demanded 
 as in days gone by. With less glamor perhaps, but with no less glory, can the statesmen, 
 by standing faithfully to their unthankcd tasks of public service, make their country a 
 
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Where the woods came down to the fields on every hand, 
 And the meadow-land 
 Breaks into ripples and swells 
 
 With the gold of the black-eyed daisies and lily-bells; 
 When the old sea lies mystical blue once more 
 Along the Pilgrim shore, 
 
 Crooning to stone-fenced pastures sweet with fern 
 Tales of the long ago and the far away; 
 And when to the hemlock solitudes return 
 The gold-voiced thrushes, and the high beech woods 
 Ring with enchantment as the twilight falls 
 Among the darkening hills; 
 And the new moonlight fills 
 The world with beauty and the soul with peace 
 And infinite release; 
 Is there any land that history recalls 
 Bestowed by gods on mortals anywhere 
 More goodly than New England, or more fair ? 
 
 On such a day three hundred years ago 
 
 By toilsome trails and slow. 
 
 But with the adventurer's spirit high aflame. 
 
 The great discoverer came. 
 
 Finding another Indies than he guessed 
 
 To reward his daring quest, 
 
 And fill the wonder-volume of Romance — 
 
 The sailor of little Brouage, the founder of New France, 
 
 Sturdy, sagacious, plain 
 
 Samuel de Champlain. 
 
 On many a river and stream 
 
 The paddles of his Abenakis dip and gleam; 
 
 Their slim canoe poles set and flash in the sun. 
 
 Where strong white waters run; 
 
 By many a portage, many a wooded shore, 
 
 They press on to explore 
 
 The unknown that leads them ever to the west; 
 
 And when at dusk their camp is made 
 
 Within the dense, still shade. 
 
 The white shafts of the moonlight creep 
 
 About them while they sleep 
 
 On the earth's fragrant and untroubled breast. 
 
 Then on a day upon some granite rise 
 
 They stand in mute surmise. 
 
 And wonder, as they gaze 
 
 On the green wilderness in summer haze. 
 
 At a new paradise 
 
 Unrolled before their eyes. 
 
 104 
 

 
 
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Beneficent and profound: 
 
 Only with labor comes ease, 
 
 Only with wisdom comes joy 
 
 And greatness comes not without love. 
 
 This is God's garden ground, 
 
 And we are the tillers thereof. 
 
 And the crop shall be women and men, 
 
 As ever of old — 
 
 Not a pale city breed, 
 
 Bred between hunger and greed, 
 
 But a new cosmic race. 
 
 With the poise of the world in its mien. 
 
 The ineffable soul in its face. 
 
 Remembering the best that has been. 
 
 And its password, "The best that can be!" 
 
 No Mesopotamian valley, nor Eden age, 
 
 Is the place, is the time. 
 
 For the birth of the sublime, 
 
 The lovely and the sane. 
 
 But the time is now, and the place is here. 
 
 For the life divine, 
 
 In July of the year 
 
 Nineteen hundred and nine. 
 
 In the Country of Champlain. 
 
 As the last speaker, Governor Prouty introduced Hon. William H. Taft, President 
 of the United States, saying: 
 
 Ladies and Gentlemen: We are celebratmg historic events. The valley of the Cham- 
 plain has been the scene of many wars, of much strife, but we must remember, as was so 
 beautifully said here the other day, that the nations which contended in this valley are 
 neither of them here at the present time, but a new nation has arisen, and today that nation 
 is represented here by its first citizen. I present to you the President of the United 
 States. (Applause.) 
 
 ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT TAFT. 
 
 President Taft then said: 
 Governor Prouty, Messrs. Ambassadors, Governor Hughes, and Other Distinguished 
 y-Guests, and Citizens of Vermont: 
 ' It is true as Governor Prouty said that I had a summons to Washington yesterday 
 and that I disobeyed that summons, because I did not wish to miss the honor of being 
 present on this occasion to testify to the pride 1 have in showing three generations of my 
 ancestors as Vermont nien. (Applause.) I am proud of it because it means that they lived 
 
 106 
 
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whole settlement of this country. We meet here to celebrate his virtues and to congratu- 
 late France, his country, as o]ie that could produce such a hero (Applause), but the feature 
 of this memorial that I think so unique in all memorials that I know of is the gathering 
 here in amity, in peace and in a union that cannot be torn apart three great powers, Eng- 
 land, France and the United States (Applause), and with England her fairest daughter, 
 the Dominion of Canada. (Applause.) I ask you where in all the history of memorials 
 can you find one that in that respect will match this. (Applause.) Only yesterday and it 
 will be the same today, two regiments of Canadian soldiers, the Governor's Foot-guards 
 and the Royal Highlanders, will march shoulder to shoulder with the militia of Vermont 
 and the regulars of the United States. They will all understand the same orders in the 
 same way and you won't feel, except by the difference in color, that you are looking 
 on any different or varied race. (Applause.) And now my friends, I am not going to 
 keep you any longer. If there is any one thing that my experience in a continuous show 
 has taught me it is that each man ought to limit his particular stunt. I thank you. 
 (Applause.) 
 
 THE MILITARY PARADE. 
 
 Immediately following the literary exercises the President, and Governors Prouty 
 and Hughes, reviewed the military and civic parade. The reviewing party were trans- 
 ferred by automobile to the reviewing stand, which had been erected on the Park facing 
 St. Paul street. Brigadier General S. P. Jocelyn, U. S. A., was Chief Marshal, with 
 Lieut-Colonel W. D. Beach, U. S. A., Chief of Statf, and Major D. L. Tate, U. S. A., 
 Adjutant General. 
 
 The parade was made up of the following organizations: 
 
 Surviving veterans of the Civil War, commanded by Gen. W. W. Henry. 
 
 Fifth United States Infantry, Plattsburgh Barracks, Major W .F. Martin, command- 
 ing. 
 
 Eleventh United States Cavalry, Fort Ethan Allen, Major William A. Mercier, 
 commanding. 
 
 The Governor-General's Foot Guards, Ottawa, Lieut-Col. D. R. Street, command- 
 ing. 
 
 First Infantry, Vermont National Guard, Col. J. Gray Estey, commanding. 
 
 The Knights Templar of Vermont, Grand Commander Frank D. Dewey, command- 
 ing. 
 
 The Algonquin Indians who participated in the pageants. 
 
 LUNCHEON TO IHE PRESIDENT. 
 
 Following the military review President Taft and party and other distinguished 
 guests were escorted to the Ethan Allen Club house, where a luncheon was given by 
 Governor Prouty. The large assembly hall, in which tables were placed, was decorated 
 
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Adirondacks and the amethystine tints had deepened into the black shadows of night, 
 which had a fresh temptation for the artist. ***** 
 
 "Perhaps the Spectator may be prejudiced, for he spent three days with the Indians, 
 but for him one of the most interesting features was the Indian representation of the story 
 of Hiawatha, the reputed organizer of the Five Nations. In their pageant, given daily 
 on a floating stage, 300 feet long, which was towed from place to place, they gave a dra- 
 matic portrayal of the subject of Senator Root's historical address. Mid the surroundings 
 of a fortified Indian village, which included elm-bark long houses and elm-bark tepees, 
 set down in a grove of evergreens, 175 Mohawks acted the story of the formation of the 
 great Indian confederacy whose friendliness for the English, Senator Root pointed out 
 in his historical address, was largely responsible for the fact that English rather than 
 French is spoken south of the Canadian line. The tale depicted on LakeChamplain by 
 the red men from Caughnawaugha was not Longfellow's. It was explained to the 
 Spectator that several tribes had myths about a personality bearing the name of Hiawatha 
 who was of high character and ability and tried to lead his people toward the higher plane 
 of civilization called Peace. According to the story of the play, which is woven around 
 historical facts, Hiawatha, in his youth desired to perform deeds which would add to the 
 glory of his people. The life of the warrior seemed to be the way of accomplishing his 
 purpose. The Great Spirit, however, in a revelation told him that the true road to 
 prosperity and content was the way of peace. Thereafter, he sought to maintain peace. 
 His people were attacked by the Hurons and driven from the island, which is now the seat 
 of the city of Montreal, into the Champlain country, and later into the valley of the Mo- 
 hawk, where the tribe received the name of Mohawk. Hiawatha set out to form a combi- 
 nation of the strongest tribes in the East, with the intention of creating a political confeder- 
 acy, which should be so strong that no alien tribe would venture to attack any of them. 
 This is the prototype of the modern method of bringing about peace in business. History 
 shows, and Senator Root indicated, that this confederation possessed a higher form of 
 civilization than the scattered tribes around them. Its political forms were advanced. 
 Its members depended upon agriculture for their food supply, rather than upon the less 
 certain sources of fishing and hunting. They lived in fixed abodes — the long houses of 
 elm bark. 
 
 "When Champlain and his white companions in July, 160Q, armed with guns, ac- 
 companied the Hurons and Algonquins along the shores of Lake Champlain and launched 
 bolts from their firesticks upon the Iroquois nearTiconderoga, to the discomfiture of the 
 historic opponents of the Hurons, they unwittingly paved the way for the alliance of the 
 Iroquois with the English, an alliance which ultimately led to the defeat of the French. 
 
 "This illustration of the great matters which are kindled by little fires was portrayed 
 by the Indians with a zest that drew great audiences and held them spell-bound. The 
 thread of the story was strung with bright-colored beads which illustrated the manners and 
 customs of the Indians. There were enacted the smoking of the peace pipes; stag and 
 
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ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR PROUTY. 
 
 After the banquet had been served Governor Prouty rapped for order and in his 
 introductory remarks said: 
 
 For the last three days it seems to me that 1 have done nothing but talk and to- 
 night all I can say to you is that I am pumped dry. I have not any ideas and I ought not 
 to be presiding. But the powers that be have said that it was my duty to do so, and there- 
 fore I am here. If I had not said it before, and if the gentleman who told me the story 
 were not here, 1 don't know but that I should try to get off that same old joke, and that 
 is that my speech is like the tail of a yellow dog, it is bound to occur, but that 1 will try 
 and not have it like the tail of a cat, that is, fur to the end. 
 
 For the last few days we have been revelling in history. We have talked history from 
 morning till night. We have not only talked of history, but we have talked of the future. 
 It seems to me that it is about time to talk of the present, because, while we may look back 
 on the past, and we may surmise as to the future, the present is here; it is the vital thing 
 that we have with us all the time, and we should, to the best of our ability, think of the 
 present. We should think of the things that are going on at this time in our country. We 
 should tr}' and do what we can to assist in making those things the best possible. 1 know 
 of no one who can do more for us along this line than the speaker whom I am going to 
 introduce to you in just a moment, because no one is in a better position to know of the 
 present, no one is in a better position to know of the aims and the objects of our Govern- 
 ment than he. 
 
 We, in our State, have aims and objects at the present time, and in our Republic 
 we have aims and objects, and because I believe that wc should know something about 
 them at this time I am going to introduce to you our most distinguished, our most beloved 
 President of the United States. (Applause.) 
 
 ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT TAFT. 
 
 As President Taft was introduced the audience again rose and greeted him with a 
 great ovation. When quiet was restored President Taft said: 
 Governor Prouty, Ladies and GcntUmoi: 
 
 The Governor has referred to the fact that we have been talking for three days, and 
 each time we have had to talk, the question has been, who should be offered up, or who 
 should be given to the audience as the burnt offering, that is, who should be selected as the 
 first speaker, and deprived of the opportunity to get ideas from those who follow him. 
 Governor Hughes has figured in that capacity several times in New York, acting as a 
 proper host. Tonight I am offered. (Laughter.) Perhaps because the train leaves early, 
 perhaps because it is my turn. I don't suppose that audiences realize in post-prandial 
 discussions, as you call it formally in your program, how much you lose by reason of the 
 presence of the press, and the reporting o) what is said. No speaker likes to go into 
 
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when you are engaged in selling and buying goods, to have a little control of the things 
 that determine how much, and so you organized the greatest scale factory that there is 
 in the world. 
 
 We heard a great deal about your deserted farms at one time. Whether that was put 
 forth for the purpose of inviting innocent outsiders to come in, or whether it really repre- 
 sented an actual condition, certainly it has passed. I do not think there are any deserted 
 farms in Vermont today. The housewife has ceased to be uncomfortable; the milk is 
 sold or sent to a creamery in such a way that she is now enjoying a luxury that farmers' 
 wives in the past generation never did, and the statistics show that you are putting aside 
 a pretty penny every year on account of your dairy products. In other words, you have 
 wrestled with the problem and you have made a great success. You are not all million- 
 aires, but you are all in that condition of respectable wealth, or respectable poverty that 
 are the two best conditions to make a good people. (Applause.) You preserve your 
 traditions just as the English did, and accomplish reforms though you do preserve 
 your traditions. You elect your judges by the Legislature, I should think a way that 
 might be improved, and you elect them every one year or two years, I forget which, but 
 whatever it is, the tenure of office is practically for life, because you believe that when you 
 have got a good thing you ought to keep it. So, too, with respect to your Congressmen 
 and your Senators, you have learned that the way to exercise an influence in Washington 
 far beyond anything that your population entitles you to, is to keep your Congressmen 
 and your Senators there. (Applause.) y 
 
 , It is a great pleasure and a great honor for me to say that even in my short career I 
 knew, and had the honor of knowing well, for a man of my age, your distinguished Senator 
 , Justin S. Morrill. (Applause.) That I had a similar benefit in knowing well your dis- 
 tinguished Senator George F.Edmunds, (Applause) and also that 'a'fl aW.r, a Vermont 
 Democrat, that able jurist, that great diplomat, Edward f. Phelps, f Applause.) 
 
 y Now, I have been a good deal interested in trying to break up in a sense — not exactly 
 in a-^olitical sense, but in the sense that you all understand it, that of feeling and senti- 
 ment — the solid South. And when I have suggested that, then the irreverent Southern 
 politician has suggested that it is about time to break up the solid North, and references 
 are made to the fact that \"ermont is just about as solid as Alabama and Georgia. 
 (Applause.) ' 
 
 \ Well, what the efi^ect on Vermont would be if the South were really to break up and 
 somVof those States become Republican, perhaps we cannot say. It is my own theory 
 that Vermont and many another northern State has been made solidly Republican because 
 there was a solid South, and that one of the benefits of breaking up a solid South would 
 be that there would be no solidity anywhere on sectional lines. (Applause). But one 
 thing I am bound to say, that even if Republican majorities are pretty certain in Vermont, 
 there is something about a Republican majority in every four years that a man who has 
 been a candidate for the Presidency studies with most anxious concern, and that is whether 
 
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In presenting the French Ambassador Governor Prouty said: The burnt oflFering 
 gave us a pretty good keynote. The next speaker whom I will introduce to you is one 
 whom I can say from the bottom of my heart I am pleased to see here tonight. From my 
 associations with him during the past few days I have come to learn of his true worth, of 
 his sterling qualities, and of his delightful companionship. I have found him a gentle- 
 man who loves this country — I mean that he has respect for it, and I believe he does have 
 the same love for it that the nation he represents always has had. It is therefore with 
 great pleasure that I introduce to you now the Ambassador of France. 
 
 ADDRESS OF AMBASSADOR JUSSERAND. 
 
 Ambassador Jusserand said in pan: 
 Governor Proutv, Ladies and Gentlemen; 
 
 It is only the part of the French Ambassador to claim a very modest part in the 
 "travelling show" referred to by the President. It is pleasing to a Frenchman to partici- 
 pate in the celebration, especially as it is in honor of another Frenchman, Samuel 
 Chaniplain. He was a man who, with a far-sightedness rare in any age or any time, 
 looked into the future and knew, dimly at least, what a great future this valley had in 
 store for it. The French pioneers who came to this country were brave enough, but they 
 were not numerous enough, and for this reason they failed to hold the country and make 
 it a part of the great realm of France. 
 
 At this point M. Jusserand spoke at some length in French for the benefit, as he 
 stated, of those present who were familiar with that language. That there were several 
 such was shown by the applause which he receivedat the conclusion. He then went on 
 to say: 
 
 The Frenchmen were moved by the very best of motives in exploring the continent 
 of America. They were burning with a desire to know; they were adventurers, and brave 
 beyond all question, but they did not have the business instinct that was the heritage of 
 the English race and, hence, they did not remain permanently and colonize. The example 
 of Champlain, however, bore fruit after many centuries and a new spirit was born with 
 democratic France. She is now a colonizing nation and she has sent her sons into all 
 quarters of the globe to uplift and civilize those savage races which have not kept up with 
 the general progress of the world. In conclusion the Ambassador thanked the people of 
 Vermont and New York for honoring one of his race and for their true appreciation of the 
 noble qualities of Champlain. 
 
 The Ambassador was obliged to leave at this point in order to make connections with 
 the steamer leaving New York the following day for France. 
 
 In introducing the next speaker. Ambassador Bryce, Governor Prouty said; 
 
 I have been very much interested today in listening to the addresses which have been 
 made, and I think nearly all of us have realized, especially since the last address, that 
 probably there has not been very much done except by Frenchmen; at the same time there 
 
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there is no subject about which there are more quarrels arising than fish, and you know 
 when anything is in a great mess it is said to be a "pretty kettle of fish." Now, on this 
 question of fish there was the opportunity for an excellent quarrel to have arisen. 
 
 There were complaints on the part of some Vermont fishermen, and complaints heard 
 of some Canadian fishermen, but what happened ? The United States Government 
 proposed to make a treaty to regulate the fisheries of the Great Lakes, and the Canadian 
 Government and His Majesty's Government at home glady welcomed that proposition, 
 and we have made that treaty, and under that treaty we have appointed commissioners, 
 one for you and one for us, and those commissioners made regulations, and those regula- 
 tions I am told are giving general satisfaction to those who know the subject; and there is 
 every prospect, in fact I may say we feel quite confident, that under these new regulations 
 and by this treaty all causes of dispute will be avoided, and the supply offish will be largely 
 increased. This is the last incident in the history of Lake Champlain. It is a very 
 agreeable sequel to the former wars of French and English and Americans. It is an omen 
 for good when a question even relating to fish can be amicably settled. 
 
 And now, ladies and gentlemen, as I have referred to Canada, I want to thank the 
 President of the United States on behalf of my country, that is to say, of the United King- 
 dom and Canada, for we are all one, I want to thank him for the wise and friendly and 
 judicial words that he has spoken about Canada. They will find an echo in Canada. I 
 will not attempt to add to it because no one has so far as I know described or adequately 
 can describe, or perfectly, the relations which are to subsist between those two nations 
 dwelling in neighborly friendship and mutual help on the same continent. (Applause.) 
 
 Having said that, let me say also that I have another little personal piece of thanks 
 to give the President. He wished to honor Vermont as she deserved to be honored; he 
 was good enough to select for comparison with Vermont my own mother country of Scot- 
 land. I welcomed that comparison; we are glad to be compared with a State which in the 
 robust figure of her sons and in her love of liberty is one of the States of the American 
 Union to which my country might most gladly be compared^' I noticed another similarity 
 which was not referred to by the President between Scotland-and Vermont; both the men 
 of Scotland and the men of Vermont have a great habit of emigrating to other parts of 
 the world, and wherever they emigrate they are respected and they succeed. (Applause.) 
 I wish to say that I have met very many Vermonters and many Scotchmen in many 
 parts of this continent and other continents, and I think that they nearly always have 
 been respected and successful, and with their hearts warm to the country whence they 
 came. ,-' 
 
 And now, ladies and gentlemen, I have only one word more to say, and that is not 
 only to give you my personal thanks for the enjoyment which this celebration has given 
 me but to express to you the hearty greetings or my country, because I was specially com- 
 missioned and directed by my government to come and represent Great Britain at your 
 celebration (Applause), and to assure you of the interest which that celebration e.xcites, 
 
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getting pale and frail, and you send him back to us for a summer, we will do our duty 
 faithfully and return him to you as well as ever. (Applause.) 
 
 Nor must I forget to point to a record claim which Canadians may well advance to 
 part ownership in your President, whether as to Mr. Taft or his successor, when in the 
 course of time, some eight, twelve or sixteen years from now he shall have a successor. 
 Let me remind you that you have received into the republic some hundreds of thousands 
 of Canadian citizens, men and women whom I admit we could ill spare, and whom we saw 
 with reluctance cross to your side of the border. But since they did not stay with us we 
 are glad at least that they went to help to build up a great nation- kindred to our own and 
 bound to us by an infinite number of ties. And we have not only helped with our bone 
 and sinew to build up your nation, wc have not only sent you what we may without boast- 
 fulness claim to be one of the most progressive elements in your population, one that assists 
 rather than retards you in the wonderful process of race assimilation in which the republic 
 is ceaselessly engaged, but we have stood shoulder to shoulder with you to preserve the 
 Union. The little Canada of fifty years ago sent no less than 45,000 men to fight in the 
 ranks of the North, to maintain the ascendency of the Stars and Stripes. That is one of 
 the great facts of history, a fact which we are proud to remember in Canada, and which 
 constitutes a link of golden sentiment, a bond that may never be severed, between your 
 country and mine, between Canadians and Americans. (Applause.) 
 
 I think, Mr. Chairman, I have justified my statement that Canadians may claim part 
 ownership in )our President, but the kinship of the race is a pleasant subject, and it is well 
 to dwell upon it yet for a moment. Our common language alone wipes out a multitude 
 of barriers such as commonly exist between nation and nation, causing prejudices, con- 
 fusion and misunderstanding, and enables either of us to feel at home in the other's 
 country, even though another flag than our own flies above us. But with a common 
 tongue comes a common literature, and we in Canada and you in the United States have 
 an equal pleasure and an equal ownership in the glories of English literature. Is not the 
 common right to Shakespeare alone a constant source of pride and joy, a binding force 
 which cannot be equalled by laws or legislatures.? Well has Carlyle said: 'Tlere is an 
 English King whom no time or chance. Parliament or continuation of Parliaments can 
 dethrone! This King, Shakespeare, does he not shine, a crowned sovereignty, over us all 
 the noblest, gentlest, yet strongest of rallying signs, indestructible, really more valuable in 
 that point of view than any other means or appliance whatever?" What American or 
 Canadian goes to Shakespeare's shrine at Stratford but feels as strong a sense of ownership 
 in this sovereign of the intellect as do those who still live in the island-cradle of the race; 
 and as with Shakespeare so with the lesser princes of English literature, Milton and Pope 
 and Byron and Burns and Shelley and Keats till we come down almost to out own time 
 with Browning and Tennyson in poetry, and Scott and Dickens and Thackeray and 
 George Eliot and countless others in fiction. Are not Ruskin and Carlyle names cherished 
 in all the English speaking world, whether it be in Boston or Montreal, in London or 
 
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and missionary as well as explorer, and it is not too much to say that the leading spirits of 
 those who worked with Champlain were in their way as ardent missionary reformers as 
 any whom we today send out to China and India, or to darkest Africa. Champlain aimed 
 to Christianize the new world, and many who followed after him, as Parkman's pages tell 
 us, were martyrs to this lofty and inspiring hope. May we not with advantage today 
 pattern ourselves after these fine spirits of our remote past ? Is it not your own Emerson 
 who says: "Hitch your wagon to a star?" Let us continue the development of the 
 lands we have received in trust, and continue also the high aim and noble ambition of 
 our predecessors, and if we do not always accomplish precisely what we set out to do we 
 may at least be sure that efFons and energies so spent will leave humanity the richer. 
 (Applause.) 
 
 In the words of the poet: 
 
 Nothing worth winning is won with ease. 
 
 The goal worth reaching is sacred ground, 
 And it can't be reached in a gentle walk. 
 
 Or a burst of speed and a leap and bound. 
 The eagle of victory perches high. 
 
 And the climbing soul has far to climb. 
 With death and doubt in the vales below, 
 
 And the stars far off on the hills of time. 
 
 In introducing the last speaker ol the evening, Governor Hughes of New York, 
 Governor Prouty said: 
 
 During the progress of this travelling show there has been one act which has always 
 appeared at the head of the program. I expect, as it started in New York that it had all 
 been prepared beforehand, but now that it has come to Vermont, things are rather different. 
 After the speech we heard this morning from the next gentleman I shall introduce, it 
 became very evident to us that we had exhausted his ideas and that therefore we would 
 have to place him at the end of the program hereafter in order to have him say anything, 
 and therefore, ladies and gentlemen, he is placed there tonight. I trust he has imbibed a 
 little-inspiration, which I trust you also have imbibed, and that he will be able to give a 
 little of it to you tonight. I introduce to you, or rather I present to you, Governor Hughes, 
 of New York. 
 
 ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR HUGHES. 
 
 Governor Hughes gave the following eloquent address: 
 Governor Prouty, Friends of Fermont, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 The troupe has disbanded; the chief actors have played their part; the leading man 
 has gone his way; nothing remains but for one of the supers to roil up the rugs and, in a 
 tired and sleepy state, wend his way home. (Laughter.) 
 
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warmth of the hearts of those Frenchmen under an Enghsh flag. (Laughter and 
 applause.) 
 
 Oh, if we could only count up the value of this reunion and celebration. The trouble 
 is we can't weigh it in ordinary scales; we can't measure it with a commercial yard-stick; 
 it is difficult to grasp. If our boys and girls will only begin really to love American 
 history! I have said several times that it there had been anjthing more discovered in 
 1609, the State would have been bankrupted; these celebrations are costly — it was very 
 thoughtless of Champlain and Hudson to do this thing in one year. (Laughter.) They 
 evidently were not prophets. Whatever they were in the way of discoverers, they didn't 
 see the burdens they were laying upon an unsuspecting progeny, (Laughter.) But if our 
 children would only love American history! It is too bad that it is taught so much in the 
 early years, before the impoit of it is apprehended, or can justly be appreciated. I do 
 not know what courses you have in the University of Vermont, but I suppose you have 
 everything that you ought to have, and more, too, like most universities. But I do wish 
 that in our colleges our boys would get "chock full" of American history. Not simply a 
 little constitutional history at the end of the course — with a faint remembrance of some 
 dates learned in the secondary school, but without any real knowledge of what has happened 
 to their country in the course of its development. It will do us all good if we go back to 
 our school books, and with access of interest study the history of the land which we profess 
 to love, and do love. And then if we would only safeguard some of our sacred spots, 
 some of those treasure places of the fancy, some of these rich soils for the imagination, 
 and prevent the desecrating touch! Think of the battlefield of Saratoga! It ought to be 
 preserved as a Mecca for good Americans and for good Britishers, too, because we can all 
 go to Saratoga today with clasped hands and friendly words and talk over the old campaign 
 in amity. We must do more and more of this work of memorializing, of preserving. We 
 can not be true Americans simply by studying present day problems as such, unrelated to 
 the past. We cannot achieve the destiny which we should achieve by mere introspection 
 or by dealing with what lies immediately around us. The best study for the man of action 
 is biography; the best study for the statesman is history, and as all boys are prospective 
 statesmen in this country, they ought to be thoroughly charged and recharged with his- 
 tory, and with biography of men of light and leading. 
 
 We have gathered together these representatives of the nations, and that forms a 
 guarantee of peace. Why, we could never have any trouble with France or with England 
 after this week. (Laughter and applause.) It is impossible to think of it. We have 
 strengthened the bonds of our international friendship. But after all, we don't have 
 peace for the sake of peace, we don't have peace simply to have an absence of bloodshed, 
 desirable as that is. We do not have celebrations merely to honor the character of famous 
 men of the past. We want peace to provide a proper basis for obtaining the right rewards 
 of industry, to secure the resources of leisure, and to make certain the foundation of social 
 justice. (Applause.) 
 
 124 
 
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Exercises at Isle La Motte 
 
 The exercises of Friday were held at Isle La Motte and the steamer Ticonderoga 
 took a large number of members of patriotic societies and other visitors from Burlington 
 and Plattsburgh, landing them near the site of old Fort St. Anne, the first settlement within 
 the limits of what is now the State of Vermont. Two troops of the 15th United States 
 Cavalry and Company M., First Infantry, Vermont National Guard, accompanied the 
 party. 
 
 The exercises opened with solemn high mass celebrated at the shrine of St. Anne, 
 Rt. Rev. James N. Burke, Bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Albany, N. Y., 
 officiating. Over sixty members of the clergy were present. The Catholic societies 
 represented were the Knights of Columbus, Catholic Order of Foresters, the Ancient 
 Order of Hibernians, L'Union St. Jean Baptiste d'Amerique, and local societies from 
 Burlington, Winooski, St. Albans and Swanton. A plain chant mass was sung by the 
 priests of the diocese and the following sermon was preached by Father Barrett: 
 
 SERMON BY REV. P. J. BARRETT. 
 
 "Joy and gladness shall be found therein, thanksgiving, and the voice of praise." 
 Isaias: chapter 51, verse 3. 
 
 As God's chosen seer beheld in prophetic vision Christ's glorious kingdom on earth 
 rising majestically and triumphantly above the ruins of the synagogue, witnessing its 
 peaceful extension from sea to sea, gazing on its brilliant conquests under the law of love, 
 and as he saw in it nations and peoples laden with heaven's choicest favors, he foretells 
 that Christian joy and gladness shall inundate the souls of the faithful and that praise and 
 thanksgiving shall be their grateful offering to God. 
 
 Assembled this morning on a spot hallowed by saintly memories, made sacred by altar 
 and shrine, purified by the breath of prayer and sanctified by the mystical outpouring of 
 the Saviour's blood, we cheerfully give vent to the feelings of joy and gladness that fill our 
 Christian hearts; while we commemorate the noble and self-sacrificing life of that great 
 Christian hero who left his name to be mirrored forever in the crystal bosom of our lovely 
 lake, and whose deeds of distinction and valor contributed, not a little, to emblazon the 
 first pages of the history of this picturesque lake and valley. Our paeans of joy and glad- 
 ness would be of small worth were they not welded in union sublime with our heartfelt 
 thanksgiving and praise to the giver of every best and perfect gift. So we gather at the 
 
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beauty radiate in the soul of the true Christian hero. A man may scale the heights of 
 worldly fame and deserve well of his country and fellow-men for deeds of valor and 
 renown, but let the foul breath of habitual vice or sin taint his life and the blot is there, 
 the stain is there, that awful cancer that poisons and devours his Christian manhood, and 
 saps and corrodes his moral vitality, leaving him the crouching slave of a base hypocrisy, 
 a king without a kingdom, a monarch without a throne. Extol if you will the arm which 
 he raised in defense of his country or to strike the blow for freedom's cause, but conceal his 
 own life from the eye of your children, shroud it in the mantle of charity, let it be hushed 
 into deathlike silence. The mighty hath fallen. He lies prostrate. He had a name as 
 if living, but alas, he is dead. 
 
 The battle of Christian manhood is fought and won by a virtuous life. Love of God 
 and fellow-men, unswerving obedience to the voice of conscience, undying allegiance to 
 holy faith, a living exponent of the highest principles of virtue and morality — behold the 
 life of man, of our hero, Samuel Champlain. May his illustrious memory live long in 
 the hearts of our people, and spur them on to purity of life and works of Christian valor 
 for God and country. Under the heavenly hues of our glorious flag, the religion of 
 Champlain blooms and flourishes like the fairest flower of Eden. Not only is it tolerated 
 here, but protected and honored. Here are recognized its inalienable rights that are born 
 of the justice of heaven which nestles so fondly and securely in the magnanimous heart 
 of our mighty nation. The priceless value of the Christian religion is appreciated here, 
 for we citizens of this matchless republic have long since learned that there can be no civil 
 society without government, no government without authority, no authority without law 
 and no law truly cflScacious without religion. We are proud of our peerless republic, 
 we glory in the great mainsprings or elements of our national greatness, in union, liberty, 
 and prosperity. A union strong and lasting not only binding us together by political ties, 
 but especially uniting us in one by the heaven-born, mystic tie of true brotherly love — a 
 liberty pure and wholesome like the breath of heaven, unsurpassed in the annals of 
 nations — a prosperity whose bright star rose gracefully o'er our nation's cradle, and to- 
 day it shines the brightest in the firmament of nations, bidding fair to hold its place 
 of honor to the end. This unity is made more solid, this liberty more secure, this 
 prosperity more blessed by the divinely appointed ministrations of the Christian religion. 
 Virtue and morality must ever abound, that peace and order, union, liberty, and pros- 
 perity may reign forever. For all this let joy and gladness be found herein, thanks- 
 giving, and the voice of praise. 
 
 May the fundamental principles of virtue and morality, taught us by our holy religion 
 and practiced by Samuel Champlain, permeate the veins and hearts of our God-fear- 
 ing, God-loving people, that they may cling more firmly than ever to the " Rock of Ages" 
 and spurn the arrogant, self-sufficient dastard who would turn them from that impreg- 
 nable rock which in the beginning was cleft from the very battlements of heaven by the 
 hand of God for the salvation of the world. 
 
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Coliseum, the church of St. Francis of Assisi, the lover of the poor, the church of St. 
 Nicholas of Padua, the lover of little children, the church of other heroes and devoted sons. 
 Make her ministers in this day aflame with zeal and pious devotion, and may she minister 
 as of old, to countless thousands and grant the blessing of peace that passeth understand- 
 ing. We beseech Thee for Thy blessing upon those who worship after plainer forms, 
 after the custom of their fathers. Grant unto them the iron of the Puritan and the 
 strength and vigor of their own m;irtyrs. We beseech Thee that we may be faithful to 
 the truth that Thou hast committed to us, and ever devout and reverent before the new 
 light that in each generation breaks fresh and clear from the word of God. 
 
 Now receive us, we beseech Thee, our God into Thy care and keeping. Unite our 
 hearts to fear Thy name, and incline us ever to love the right, and grant unto us courage 
 to hold unto it so long as Thou shalt give us the light. And this prayer is in the name of 
 Jesus Christ, our Lord, who taught us when we pray to say: "Our Father who art in 
 heaven." 
 
 ADDRESS BY GOVERNOR PROUTY. 
 
 Governor Prouty then spoke as follows: 
 
 My friends, after the strenuous week which we have just passed through, or at least, 
 this being simply the close of the week, it is with a great sense of relief, to me, at least, that 
 I come here, because the atmosphere is so quiet and restful, and it seems to me that that 
 is the attitude which we should have here today, because this is the close of this celebra- 
 tion, of the event which we have been celebrating during the week. To my mind there can 
 be no question but that the spot where we are now is the spot where Samuel Champlain 
 first landed in the State of Vermont, (Applause) and I gather that, and my judgment de- 
 termines that, because I believe that it must have been so from force of circumstances. 
 But I do not intend to say a word in regard to that. I do simply say that this is a fitting 
 time and a fitting place for us to close this celebration. This is the first spot where he saw 
 the lake. This shall be the spot where we shall close the celebration in memory of that 
 event. There could be nothing more fitting than that the welcome to this spot should be 
 given to you, not by myself, but by a son of this island, one whose heart comes back to it, 
 although he has been away from it for many years, and has become the son of another 
 State. While I know his loyalty to that State is unquestioned, while I know that his 
 interests are there, and that his effons in the future will be for her interest, yet I also know 
 that his heart comes back to his old home and that he holds it very dear, and therefore, I 
 am going to present to you at this time, to welcome you to this place, the Hon. Henry W. 
 Hill, Senator from New York. 
 
 ADDRESS OF SENATOR HENRY W. HILL. 
 
 Senator Hill then spoke as follows: 
 Kour Excellencic!, Representative of the Republic of France, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 I have been requested by the officials of this township to welcome you, on behalf of 
 its people, to this historic point. 
 

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travel between the north and the south through the lake. It was the convenient stopping 
 place for military and naval expeditions as well as a port for passenger steamers, for many 
 years running through the lake, and has been visited by civil, military and naval officers of 
 three nations and such distinguished personages as Peter Kalm in 1749, and quite likely 
 by Charles Dickens in 1842, and later by President William McKinley and Col. Theodore 
 Roosevelt, while Vice-President, and many others. Viceroy de Tracy, M. de Chazy, Bishop 
 de Laval and others were here at various times in the seventeenth century. Capt. John 
 Schuyler on his return from his military expedition to Canada spent here the night of 
 August 24, i6qo. Major Peter Schuyler in his journal describes his trip through the 
 lake with his flotilla of canoes manned by 266 whites and Indians in the year 1691 and 
 his advance to "Fort La Motte several years deserted," on the 26th of August, where he 
 remained over night. (3 Doc. Hist. 800-803). Capt. John Schuyler stopped near this 
 fort on his expedition to Canada in September, 1698. (4 Doc. Hist. 404-406). This 
 island was included in the grant by the Governor of Canada, M. de Beauharnois 
 to Sieur Pean, Major of the town and castle of Quebec on April 10, 1733. It was also 
 included in the French seignory granted to Sieur Bedou, Counsellor in the Supreme Coun- 
 cil of Quebec in 1752. Canadians were attacked on this point by the savages in 1694 or 
 1695, and French settlers were put to death here in 1746 and others were taken prisoners 
 by the Indians. We know not the extent of the martyrdom nor of the savage persecution 
 that has been suifered on this soil whicli has been made sacred by the shedding of human 
 blood. 
 
 In 1775 General Philip Schuyler and Brig. Gen. Richard Montgomery met here on 
 their way to Quebec, where the brave Montgomery afterward lost his life. In 1776 
 Arnold's fleet lay at anchor ofl^this island, from August 8th to August 19th, from which he 
 made his official reports. 
 
 Over at yonder Point au Fer, within view of this point, was stationed in 1775 a large 
 body of Americans and that point was fortified by General Sullivan in 1776. It fell into 
 the possession of General Burgoyne in 1777 and was occupied by the British until 1788, 
 five years after the treaty of peace. Farther to the north may be seen Windmill Point 
 where was held an international council in 1766, to consider the location of the boundary 
 line between New York and Quebec and to licar the arguments of the French claimants to 
 seignories on Lake Champlain. The boundary was fixed in 176S. There it was that 
 Arnold on August 6, 1776, encountered Indians in the British service. 
 
 Isle La Motte was settled in 1785 by Ebenezer Hyde, Enoch Hall and William Blan- 
 chard and organized into a township in 1790, a year before Vermont was admitted into the 
 Union and while it was an independent republic. This island was occupied by the British 
 in the War of 1812 and Capt. Pring erected a battery of three long 18 pounders on the 
 west shore on September 4, 1814, "to cover the landing of the supplies for the troops." 
 
 On September 8, Capt. Downie arrived with the rest of his fleet and on September 
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as could be expected in view of the extraordinary demands then being made for govern- 
 mental purposes upon the treasury and we are grateful to the President and Congress of 
 the United States for their support and co-operation. The pageants presented here and 
 elsewhere by L. O. Armstrong and his company of one hundred and fifty descendants of 
 the original tribes occupying this valley, the naval exhibitions and military parades, the 
 high order of historical addresses and poems delivered during these Tercentenary exer- 
 cises and the distinguished representatives of the three great nations participating in the 
 celebration, have all contributed to make it a success and worthy the dignity of the national 
 and international characters and events it was designed to commemorate. 
 
 The United States has been represented by the President, the Republic of France 
 by its brilliant Ambassador, M. Jusserand, the Kingdom of Great Britain by its distin- 
 guished Ambassador, Mr. Bryce, the Dominion of Canada by its gifted Postmaster- 
 General, Mr. Lemieux, and the Province of Quebec by the talented Premier, Sir Lomer 
 Gouin. All these official representatives and many others have contributed to the success 
 of this celebration and to all of them the people of this valley are under lasting obligation. 
 Its benefits, however, are not confined to the people of this valley, nor to the present genera- 
 tion. They will extend to other peoples and other generations. Its contribution to 
 international amity between the United States, France and Great Britain, including the 
 Dominion of Canada, is worth all the efforts put forth to make it a success. It will also 
 awaken a deeper interest in the history of our country and in some measure stimulate the 
 youth of our land to emulate the patriotic deeds of the men who heroically represented 
 their respective governments in the fierce conflicts that have been waged in this valley, 
 for its permanent possession and sovereign control. 
 
 On this beautiful island, set in the blue expanse of softly moving waters, beneath an 
 overarching vault of light blue sky, dappled here and there by the play of light and shade 
 and fleecy, drifting clouds, and in the presence of representatives of the aboriginal tribes 
 and of the three great powers that have successfully occupied it, now happily in friendly 
 accord, altogether forming one of the impressive scenes of the celebration, the formal 
 Tercentenary exercises are to conclude today. 
 
 To the citizens of this my native town, to the people of Vermont and New York, and 
 to all others who have given the Tercentenary celebration their support, we are grateful. 
 We are also grateful to the all-wise Creator, that on this and the other days of the week, 
 we have been favored with good weather and that the exercises, from Ticonderoga on the 
 south to Isle La Motte on the north, have been fully carried out without mishap or acci- 
 dent. (Applause.) 
 
 In introducing Lieut, d 'Azy, a representative of France, Governor Prouty said: 
 
 When this celebration was begun, when invitations were issued to the nations of 
 France and Great Britain, I am glad to say tliat they were responded to most heartily, 
 and the Ambassadors of those two great nations were delegated to represent their respec- 
 
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plause.) Perhaps some people may believe that the French Naval Academy is a school 
 of English speakers. I hope you will be kind enough to let them know it is not so, (Laugh- 
 ter) and that one of the graduates of that school made in your honor an audacious experi- 
 ment and finished his very short and maiden speech in French. (Applause.) 
 (Lieutenant d'Azy then addressed the audience in French). 
 
 In introducing Governor Charles E. Hughes, of New York, Governor Prouty said: 
 
 Champlain in his narrative has created considerable discussion and made a great deal 
 of trouble. Possibly we may be able to clear up some matters here today. I believe he 
 says that as he passed down the lake he noticed that the tops of the mountains were 
 covered with snow. I think that has always troubled the historians, because so far as 
 you and I can remember, I hardly think we have ever seen the tops of the mountains 
 covered vi'ith snow in July. But 1 think I have found out why the climate has changed so 
 much here. We heard the other day about the Lady of the Snows from our Governor 
 of New York. Now, I have found, since this celebration began, that we have hot air 
 enough coming over from New York to melt all the snow on the mountains. (Laughter.) 
 And I want to introduce to you a gentleman today who brings with him hot air, but brings 
 with him the good will of New York, as I am sure you will find out. 
 
 ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR HUGHES. 
 
 Governor Hughes then spoke as follows: 
 
 Governor Prouty, Distinguished Guests, Fellow-citizens: 
 
 I cannot tell you how glad I am finally to have reached the spot where Champlain 
 made his discovery. (Laughter.) We first visited the field of carnage, then we fed the pride 
 of Plattsburgh, and bowed before the pomp of Burlington (Laughter), and now at last, 
 having fattened these ambitions, we may really celebrate. (Laughter and applause.) 
 I am very glad that Champlain chose such a delightful spot for his discovery. I am not 
 surprised at all to find that the place he first landed upon was in Vermont. We are in 
 Vermont, (Laughter) the Governor of Vermont has spoken, and when he speaks. New 
 Yorkers in his jurisdiction keep silent. (Laughter.) For who shall meet the boasts of Ver- 
 mont t If you ever have a centenary of the claims of this favored State I want to be here. 
 (Laughter and applause.) And I will now concede that you claim all that is good, and 
 have much of it. I wear upon my bosom, over my heart, the insignia of New York and 
 Vermont (Applause), and in this bi-partisan capacity, I salute you as fellow-citizens and 
 friends. Whenever you grow cold in your fastnesses and desire to feel again the cheering 
 warmth of the Empire State, look westward (Laughter); let your hearts once more glow 
 with fraternity, because you cannot look across at us without feeling the warm friendship 
 which goes out to you and inevitably must return. 
 
 It is appropriate that on this last day we should come here to this spot of rare beauty, 
 
 136 
 
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And leagued with Spain, the son of Italy 
 His fabled Eldorado reached; and he 
 Who in the New World was the mind of France, 
 Found in the wilderness this inland sea. 
 
 II 
 
 Child of his age, to wander and explore. 
 The quest in him its kindliest fashion wore — 
 By simple faith devoutly led, not driven. 
 He set God's kingdom on this northern shore. 
 
 As a true son his father's form and face 
 Inherits, from his long-believing race 
 His spirit drew its strength, and God unchanged 
 In his adventure dwelt with antique grace. 
 
 Love of forbidden worship, nor desire 
 Of freedom laid in him the wandering fire. 
 But love of danger and the will to find, — 
 The wide-winged soul that could not but aspire. 
 
 They shall have honor till our land shall cease. 
 Stern fathers who brought England overseas, 
 Restless for conscience, wed to homeless truth; 
 He too hath honor who had faith and peace. 
 
 For him each bright adventure and heaven's dome 
 Were undivided joy; he could not roam 
 Where life and his own spirit were not one. 
 And on this inland sea he was at home. 
 
 Ill 
 
 The sea was in his blood; the rhythmic urge 
 Cradled his race; and from the parent merge 
 The mothers of his grandsire and his sire 
 Gave back their children to the ocean surge; 
 
 So when the northern forests backward rolled 
 
 And his impatient eyes beheld unfold 
 
 This inland mystery of sea and isle 
 
 And mirrored heaven spreading blue and bold. 
 
 The quickened blood pulsed faster in his breast, 
 His calm cheek flushed with joy else unconfest; 
 Boy-like he loved adventure, man-like, truth. 
 But poet-like loved truth in nature best. 
 
 «38 
 
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Ours be thy strength, thy simple faith be ours, 
 And peace in nature, whence thy spirit's powers, 
 And for our hope, thy tender-cherished fame, 
 That from this shrine forever buds and flowers. 
 
 In introducing Judge Wendell P. Stafford, Governor Prouty said: 
 As has been so well said by the Governor of New York, it seems as though this was 
 the place where we should sum up all the lessons that have been learned by the celebration, 
 where we should take to ourselves its lessons, and it is therefore with a great deal of 
 pleasure that I introduce to you the next speaker, because I know of no one who is better 
 fitted to do this; I know of no one to whom I would rather delegate such a duty. He is 
 one of our State; I have known him personally for many years, and it is with great pleasure 
 that I introduce to you now Judge Wendell P. Stafford. 
 
 Judge Stafford spoke as follows: 
 
 ADDRESS OF JUDGE STAFFORD. 
 
 Tour Excellencies, Fellozu-ntizens of the Great Republic, and Dear Friends Every One: 
 
 When 1 was in Buffalo last winter Senator Henry W. Hill took me to see tlie home of 
 the Historical Society. It stands at the old crossing of the Indian trails. Over one of 
 its arches runs a legend in the dialect of the Senecas: 
 
 Neh-Ko-Ga-Gis-Dah-Yen-Duk — Other council-fires were here before ours. I 
 was thinking of that legend as I sat here today and thinking how few were the places over 
 all the earth where some such words might not with truth be written, if we could only 
 know all that had gone before; for 
 
 "All that tread 
 The globe are but a handful to the tribes 
 That slumber in its bosom." 
 
 But such thoughts are overpowering. They make the life of man seem insignificant. 
 Let us turn at once to more congenial themes. 
 
 Sixteen hundred and nine is a year well woith remembering even without the reason 
 that has brought us here. 1 hat was the year when Kepler gave the world the new 
 astronomy with the first and second of his three great laws. Galileo was constructing 
 his telescope, with which, a few months later, he discovered the satellites of Jupiter. 
 Hcndrick Hudson was sailing up the noble river that was ever afterward to bear his name. 
 Two years before, the London Company had planted Jamestown. It was only six years 
 from the death of Queen Elizabeth. It was only a year to the death of Henry of Navarre. 
 
 140 
 
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in the very heart of New England. Here the two proudest nations of the old world were 
 to have their final grapple for the fairest ponion of the new. As it had been before the 
 white man came so was it still to be — the valley of beauty was the highway of war. The 
 basin of the St. Lawrence was peopled by the French. The coast of the Atlantic from 
 Cape Breton to the south was peopled by their hated rivals. That was enough. Here 
 ran the unpeopled passage-way between the two, and for a hundred years none but a fool 
 would have built a home beyond the shelter of a fort in all these fertile acres. Swanton 
 had a half-breed settlement, perhaps, from 1700 to 1760. Over there on Windmill Point 
 in Alburgh,in 1730, the French tried hard to keep a foothold, but it was soon abandoned. 
 The same year or the next they began their southern Gibraltar at Crown Point in 
 Fort St. Frederic, and there and at Chimmey Point on the eastern shore, a musket-shot 
 away, a little French village sprang up and flourished for 25 or 30 years. But that is all 
 the tale. The rest is the story of fortifications built, abandoned or destroyed, rebuilt, re- 
 taken or given to the flames — like old Fort Carillon that afterwards became Ticonderoga. 
 
 In 1757 the greatest man in England took the reins and in two years the French 
 dream of North American dominion had dissolved. William Pitt was master. Quebec 
 was taken. Crown Point and Ticonderoga were in English hands, and the red horrors 
 of 150 years were to be thenceforward but a thrilling fireside tale. 
 
 The legends of that ghastly time lie all around us; and memories of the later wars that 
 swept the lake are thick as leaves of summer and colored like the leaves of autumn with 
 glory and romances. We have only to reach out our hands to take them. For seven days 
 now the conjurer's wand has been waved over this lovely valley calling the dead to life. 
 We have gone through the wicket gate of old Fort Ti, step for step with Allen. We have 
 seen Arnold, still wearing the rose of his loyalty uncankered by the worm of treason. 
 We have fought with him his desperate fight at Valcour and leaped with him from his 
 flaming bowsprit at Panton. We have watched the British fleet weigh anchor off this 
 shore and move southward to its doom at the hands of the invincible Macdonough. Memo- 
 rial and procession, speech and song and pageant have taken up the threads of ancient, 
 half-forgotten life, and made the glowing pattern live anew. Again we see the plumed 
 and painted savage on the trail, the settler working with his flint-lock in the hollow of his 
 arm, the Highlander in his plaid, the hireling Hessian in his scarlet coat, the colonist in 
 his deer skin or his buff" and blue, the French and British regulars who wear upon their 
 breasts the trophies of world-famous battles over-sea. And as we look we seem to see the 
 gathering of the nations, not now for war but for the beginning of a nsw era under happier 
 skies. 
 
 Three hundred years. It sounds like eternity in the ears of a child. And yet four 
 mortal lives, and those not very long, might compass it. There must be many living in 
 the world today whose great-grandfathers could have remembered 1609. In the long 
 march of the world's progress it is less than a watch in the night. There have been 
 periods of three hundred years that signified nothing in the life of man. They came and 
 
 142 
 

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Then see how the forms of government have changed since Champlain visited this 
 island. Feudalism was indeed already doomed. It was singing its swan song by the 
 lips of Shakespeare. A new spirit had passed over Europe. It was to take g nerations 
 to throw off the yoke. It is not yet throvpn off entirely. But there was not a"":. iMe free 
 government in the world three hundred years ago. There was not a single lation that 
 recognized the obvious fact that I have no more right to govern you than you have to govern 
 me — that every one who is expected to obey the law has a right to be heard in saying what 
 that law shall be. I say there was not a single state in the world 300 years ago that had 
 the sense or justice to admit that simple truth — not even with respect to its men, to say 
 nothing of its women. Now we have advanced so far that many governments do admit in 
 theory or in practice that their just powers are derived entirely from, the governed. What 
 a gain is that! A year before the date we are observing John Milton was born in London. 
 His life spans the English Revolution, the highest achievemer t, the crowning glory of 
 the English race. A century later came our own brave struggle for independence. And 
 that was not at bottom a struggle between Great Britain and the colonies but a grapple 
 between Whig and Tory, a conflict that was going on on bot' sides of the Atlantic. Then 
 came the French Revolution freeing France, and Europe, too, from the intolerable tyranny 
 of the past, and destined to open the prison door for every people. And the French 
 Revolution was in large part a consequence of our own. Look about the world today. 
 See how the principles of free government, encouraged by their success upon this continent, 
 are shaking every throne upon the globe. Look at Russia travailing in the throes of her 
 new birth of freedom. See Young Turkey on the shores of the Bosphorus making good 
 its claim to constitutional government. See Persia awaking from her revery and old 
 China turning from the slumber of four thousand years. We marvel at the changes 
 that have come to pass in the appearance of the earth since 1609. We marvel still 
 more at the changes in the life of man through the wizardry of science. But here is a 
 marvel that cheapens both of these — the coining of the common man into his own. The 
 reign of the common people has begun. The fact of deepest import in this wonderful era is 
 not Discovery nor Development, no, not even Science. It is Democracy — man shaking 
 off the fetters that have bound him in all ages and standing erect and free as God would 
 have him stand. Really that is all there is. The mere increase of number, the mere 
 spreading of mankind through distant lands, that is, in itself, no rational ground for our 
 rejoicing. Even the revelations of science would not justify our joy if they meant nothing 
 more than a new might in the hands of the old masters. What we exult in is the tremen- 
 dous fact that now for the first time in the history of the world the whole race moves 
 together. Intelligence is so diffused and freedom is so general that every addition to 
 knowledge or to power is an addition to a common store and all men are made richer. 
 That was not so in other times. There was great learning then but it was kept in some 
 close cult, like that of the priests in Egypt. There was transcendental art but it 
 was for the few, not for the many. Nero held the supreme artist of his age a prisoner 
 
 144 
 
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in upon the music the rattle of muskets, the yell of the savage, the scream of the victim, 
 the shouting of seamen, the thunder of cannon, the noise of the tempest, the pipes of the 
 clansmen, the song of the pioneer, the long, reverberating whistle of the steamer, the rumble 
 and roar of the approaching train, the hum of industry through all the valley, the babel of 
 multitudes that come and go — and then again silence had fallen, and we heard the sweet 
 and solemn chant still going on, and caught the words "Deposuit potentes de sede et 
 exaltavit humiles." Ah yes! He has put down the mighty from their seat and has exalted 
 them of low degree. After all, that is the only reality — the rest is all a dream. (AppUuse.) 
 
 Governor Prouty then said: 
 
 There is one thing I feel it my duty and my great pleasure to do and that is to extend 
 to those of the Vermont Commission and of the State, to those who have worked so faith- 
 fully here to help us in this celebration and to provide these things which are before us, 
 thanks for all they have done and done so well. 
 
 We could not have had this great pleasure without it, therefore, it is their due and I 
 give it to them with the greatest pleasure in the world. 
 
 Dedication of the Boulder 
 
 Following the exercises at the pavilion the assemblage, headed by the band, and 
 escorted by Company M, Vermont National Ciuard, marched to the crest of the hill 
 where, near the roadside, a boulder had been erected by the patriotic societies of Vermont 
 women on which a bronze tablet had been placed, bearing the following inscription : 
 
 In Honor of the First White Men who Fortified this Island in 1666 
 In Memory of the Sacrifices and Valor of 
 Colonel Seth Warner and Captain Remember Baker 
 Green Mountain Boys and Patriots 
 and 
 To Commemorate the Campaign of General Montgomery 
 Who Encamped near this Spot with 1200 Men in 1777 
 This tablet is Erected by the 
 Patriotic Societies of Vermont Women 
 1909. 
 
 The St. Albans Choral Union, two hundred strong, sang with splendid effect the 
 beautiful and patriotic song," To Thee, O Country." 
 
 Mrs. Edward Curtis Smith of St. Albans presided over the exercises. Mrs. F. 
 
 146 
 
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Saturday at Burlington 
 
 On Saturday, the last day of Tercentenary week, a bronze tablet to the memory of 
 the soldiers of the War of 1812 was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies at the main 
 building of the University of Vermont. 
 
 General Theodore S. Peck presided at the exercises which opened with music by 
 Sherman's Military Band. 
 
 Rev. C. V. Grismer, D. D., pastor of the Methodist church, offered prayer and Miss 
 Theodora Peck unveiled the tablet. This tablet was placed above the corner stone of the 
 University building which was laid by General Lafayette, it bearing the following inscrip- 
 tion: 
 
 University of Vermont 
 
 Charter Granted 1791 
 
 Site Dedicated 
 
 To Cause of Education 1792 
 
 First College Edifice 
 Erected 1801 
 
 Seized and Occupied 
 
 By the United States 
 
 For Military Purposes 
 
 During the War of 1812 
 
 Destroyed by Fire May, 1824 
 
 Cornerstone of New Building 
 
 Laid by General Lafayette 
 
 June, 1S25 
 
 This Tablet is Erected by 
 The National Society 
 Of United States Daughters of l8i2 
 State of Vermont igog 
 
 Mrs. C. F. R. Jcnne, of Brattleboro, Vermont State president of the society, in behalf 
 of that organization presented the tablet to the University of Vermont. In her remarks 
 she referred to the large part Vermont played in the War of 181 2. 
 
 148 
 

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New York State Celebrations 
 
 New York's part of the Tercentenary celebration opened at Crown Point on Monday, 
 July 5, with a large attendance. The program included a sham battle between companies 
 of the loth New York Militia, which had been in camp a week at Crown Point. 
 
 Walter C. Witherbee of the New ^'ork Commission presided. 
 
 Addresses were made by Governor Hughes, ex-Mayor Seth Low, of New York City, 
 and Judge Albert C. Barnes, of Chicago. An original poem entitled, "A Song for the 
 Tercentenary of Lake Champlain," composed for the occasion by Clinton Scollard, was 
 read by the author. 
 
 An interesting feature of the day was the Indian pageants. 
 
 The observance at Ticonderoga on Tuesday, July 6, was ot a more elaborate nature 
 than that of the preceding day. Among the distinguished arrivals that day were President 
 Taft, Ambassadors Bryce and Jusserand, Governor Prouty, of Vermont, Secretary of War 
 Dickinson and Vice-Admiral Uriu, of Japan. The President arrived at 2:30 o'clock on a 
 special train from Albany, having come from Norwich, Conn. The President, the 
 Ambassadors and members of their staffs were shown through the historic ruins of the old 
 fortress before their arrival at the grand stand to take a formal part in the exercises of the 
 day. Senator Henry W. Hill presided. The first address of the day was delivered by 
 Governor Hughes, who said that the American Republic was assisted "prenatally by the 
 Great Jehovah and Ethan Allen." 
 
 Hamilton W. Mabie, of New York, delivered an historical address. Following Mr. 
 Mabie's speech Percy W. Mackaye read a poem of his own composition entitled: "Ticon- 
 deroga." Governor Prouty then extended formal greetings from Vermont to New York. 
 Brief remarks were made by Admiral Uriu, Hon. Seth Low, and Congressmen Foster and 
 Plumley. of Vermont. At this point the Presidential party arrived and was given great 
 applause. Ambassadors Bryce and Jusserand spoke briefly. The last speaker of the day 
 was President Taft, who remarked that the State of New York and the State of Vermont 
 were most fortunate in having been able to find a place upon which three nations could 
 celebrate the past with entire consistency and great joy. 
 
 After the literary excercises the Indian pageants were given, and repeated in the 
 evening. Earlier in the day there was a review of the loth New York Regiment near the 
 ruins ol the old fort, which was reviewid by (lovernor Hughes and Baron Takahira, the 
 Japanese Ambassador. The feature of the day was a mimic battle participated in by 
 companies of the lOth New York Regiment and the Indians who took part in the pageants. 
 
 150 
 
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 ^» ' Work ol Publiciiy 
 
 
 •I« 
 
In periodical publicity it is salt to assume that no celebration of historical significance 
 in this country ever was treated with the same liberality as was the Champlain celebration, 
 both during the months of preparation and during the days of the event itself. The 
 high-grade magazines published illustrated articles and the newspapers were exceedingly 
 liberal in the space fhey gave to the undenaking. Thousands of columns of reading 
 matter were in this way given to the public. An estimate of the cost of this publicity to the 
 State, had it been necessary to pay for the same, would have been over $100,000. And at 
 this time, in a general way, the commission desires to express its gratitude to all publishers 
 who aided so liberally in bringing the celebration to the attention of the public. 
 
 Two Champlain medals were struck, one known as the "school children's medal" 
 and a larger medal in gold finish for general sale. The sale of these medals was a disap- 
 pointment in the dollars and cents they returned, but viewed from an advenising stand- 
 point the investment should be considered one of profit. 
 
 Burlington, Isle La Motte, Swanton and Vergennes, where celebrations were held, 
 each contributed to the advertising that was done, and these places are deserving of 
 praise for entering into the celebration with the spirit manifested. 
 
 The past summer has seen results of the celebration. The statement is made on 
 unquestioned authority that the motor boats that came into Lake Champlain from 
 the south and north the past summer were quadruple the numberof any previous season. 
 The regatta of the Champlain Yacht Club, held early in August, brought more entries 
 and more spectators than any other similar event in seasons past. 
 
 Unquestionably a great many people came to Vermont by train and automobile 
 during the summer of 1910, attracted here by the advertising given Vermont in connection 
 with the Celebration, or came to Vermont the second time, having been witnesses of the 
 celebration. 
 
 Further, as a result of the celebration, inquiries have been made in no small number, 
 by residents of other States, regarding cottage sites on Lake Champlain and elsewhere 
 about the State. 
 
 The Vermont Commission feels that the results of the celebration already received 
 and the results sure to come will more than compensate the State for the appropriation 
 that was made. And the commission believes that the State can well afford to become 
 an advertiser of its natural resources, especially in interesting the people of other States 
 in the beauties of Vermont's lakes and mountains as an ideal resting place in summer. 
 
 Later Meetings of the Commission 
 
 The first meeting of the commission following the celebration was held in Burlington, 
 Friday, September 17, 1909, with Governor I'routy presiding. 
 
 The principal business transacted was the auditing and approving of bills. Tiie 
 
 152 
 
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"Resolved: That the committee on permanent memorial be instructed to procure 
 designs and estimates for a permanent memorial to Champlain to be located on Rock 
 Dunder with a view of determining the advisability of erecting a Champlain memorial on 
 that site, report to be made to the commission not later than Thursday, May 5, 1910. 
 
 I'he commission met at Burlington on May 14, iQio, Governor Prouty presiding. 
 As chairman of the memorial committee Dr. Thomas read a report made on location by 
 Prof. Hamlin of Columbia College. This report recommended a site at Red Rocks, 
 south of Burlington, and was adverse to locating the memorial on Rock Dunder. .Mr. 
 Crockett, who had attended a meeting ot the New York Commission at Albany, on May 
 13, reported that at that meeting the New York Commission voted to reconsider its action 
 locating the memorial at Bluff Point and that it invited the Vermont Commission to meet 
 jointly for the purpose ot definitely settling upon a site for a joint permanent memorial. 
 On motion the secretary was instructed to accept the invitation of the New York Com- 
 mission, naming the Van Ness House, in Burlington, as the place of meeting, and the 
 date June 14, 1910. 
 
 Monument Site is Chosen 
 
 A joint meeting of the Tercentenary Commissions of Vermont and New York was 
 held at the Van Ness House, Burlington, on Tuesday, June 14. All members of the 
 Vermont Commission were present except Messrs. Fish and Beaupre and all members of 
 the New York Commission were present except Senator Frawley. Governor Prouty was 
 elected chairman and Lynn M. Hays, secretary. 
 
 After this organization the Vermont Commission withdrew and held a meeting, with 
 Governor Prouty presiding. Mr. Van Patten explained that there was a great desire for 
 a dual memorial, one to be erected at Bluft Point and one at Burlington and that if such 
 a proposal were accepted by the Vermont Commission it would receive one-third of the 
 combined funds of the Vermont and New York Commissions while the New York Com- 
 mission would receive two-thirds of these funds. 
 
 The following resolution was presented and adopted: 
 
 "Resolved: In view of the fact that the New York Tercentenary Commission has 
 reconsidered its action locating the Champlain memorial at Bluff Point, New York, and 
 has expressed its willingness to unite with the Vermont Commission in erecting a joint 
 memorial, the Vermont Commission hereby votes to unite with the New York Com- 
 mission in erecting a joint memorial at Crown Point, New York, provided that commission 
 agrees thereto." 
 
 '54 
 
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The Treasurer's Report. 
 
 Following is an account of F. L. Fish, Treasurer of the Vermont Tercentenary 
 Commission: 
 
 RECEIPTS. 
 
 Orders from State Auditor: 
 
 1908 
 
 Dec. 22 $ 500 00 
 
 1909 
 
 Feb. 4 500 00 
 
 Mar. 5 500 00 
 
 Apr. 2 3,000 00 
 
 29 3,000 00 
 
 June 19 3,000 00 
 
 July 17 2,000 00 
 
 Total amount received from State of Vermont $12,500 00 
 
 Total amount received from donations 826 45 
 
 Total amount received from medals, folders, etc 1,12^ 14 
 
 Sept. 16. Received from W. C. Witherbee, Treasurer New York Commis- 
 sion, amount found due Vermont on an accounting of joint receipts and 
 
 disbursements between Vermont and New \'ork 1,234 45 
 
 1910 
 Sept. 26. Received from W. C. Witherbee, Treasurer New York Com- 
 
 iinssioner, one-third of the not proceeds from the sale of barges 650.26 
 
 Total receipts from all sources $16,334 38 
 
 Balance due from St;ite on appropriation 12,500.00 
 
 Total including bahince due from State $28,834.28 
 
 DISBURSEMENTS. 
 1908 
 
 Dec. 21 American Fidelity Company bond of treasurer $ 
 
 Arthur F. Stone, hotel bill and car fare 
 
 W. J. Van Patten, hotel hill and car fare 
 
 W. H. Crockett, hotel bill an<l car fare 
 
 Thos. Mack, Postmaster, stamps 
 
 10 00 
 
 •3 M 
 
 n 25 
 
 25 95 
 
 2 00 
 
 156 
 
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June 7 F. L. Fish, car fare ' 5 02 
 
 The Caledonian Company, printing folders 5' 87 
 
 Am. Bank Note Company, announcements and envelopes 200 00 
 
 8 Vermont Book Binding Company, printing 2 00 
 
 W. H. Crockett, expenses 671 
 
 Free Press Association, printing 6 00 
 
 Stevens House, expenses Commission 6 00 
 
 10 Champlain Transportation Company, use of Mariquita 2400 
 
 14 W. C. Witherbee, barges 500 00 
 
 15 The Caledonian Company, printing 69 86 
 
 Anhur F. Stone, expenses II 64 
 
 22 W. C. Witherbee, barges 500 00 
 
 26 G. E. Kingsland, writing letters 3 30 
 
 29 F. L. Fish, expenses commissioners at Burlington 6 50 
 
 30 L. M. Hays, salary and expenses 219 45 
 
 30 D. H. Lamberton, services and stenographer 100 00 
 
 July 2 Strong Theatre, tickets for J. J. Lewis 6 00 
 
 10 F. L. Fish, expenses 10 00 
 
 The Caledonian Company, printing Sunday programs 178 34 
 
 13 Stevens House, bill of H. W. Bailey 12 00 
 
 Stevens House, bill of John Barrett 6 00 
 
 14 Whitehead & Hoag Company, badges and medals 39 00 
 
 Strong Hardware Company, material loaned 8 68 
 
 Hays Advertising Agency, advertising in New England Magazine 37 50 
 
 Mathews-Northrup Works, printing folders 566 30 
 
 Thomas Mack, Postmaster, stamps 2 00 
 
 15 W. H. Crockett, expenses 10 76 
 
 19 Arthur F. Stone, expenses 29 23 
 
 27 |ohn Erksine, services as poet and expenses 74 00 
 
 30 D. H. Lamberton, salary and expenses 230 44 
 
 L. M. Hays, salary and expenses 18694 
 
 Aug. 3 Pain Mfg. Company, fireworks 350 00 
 
 Free Press Ass'n, printing '3 'o 
 
 Whitehead & Hoag Co., medals 29 20 
 
 Bliss Carman, services as poet and expenses 150 00 
 
 The Lane Press, printing i 50 
 
 S. A. Nutt, addressing envelopes 2 00 
 
 Geo. T. Jarvis, expenses '3 88 
 
 The Lane Press, printing 4 00 
 
 5 F. L. Fish, expenses 2 06 
 
 158 
 
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Sspt. C. p. Smith, treasurer U.V M., rent of Grassmount 
 
 Mrs. R. G. Whalley, balance rent of Grassmount 
 
 24 W. H. Crockett, expenses 
 
 Oct. 2 W. J. VanPatten, expenses July 8th 
 
 Nov. 6 L. M. Hays, expenses 
 
 24 E. W. Graves, stating account and typewriting 
 
 30 Pavilion Hotel, expenses of Governor Prouty and other members 
 
 of commission 
 
 Dec. I Frank L. Fish, expenses to Montpelicr and return and expenses 
 
 ofother members of commission 
 
 1910 
 
 Jan. 8 Arthur F. Stone, expenses 
 
 Feb. 2 Arthur G. Mansur, supplies for Grassmount 
 
 8 Gertrude Welcome, copying account and writing letters ........ 
 
 Mar. 5 Van Ness House, expenses of four Commissioners 
 
 May 9 Fred O. Beaupre, expenses as Commissioner 
 
 W. H. Crockett, expenses as Commissioner 
 
 1 9 W. H. Crockett, expenses as Commissioner 
 
 25 A. D. F. Hamlin, expenses and services, making report on pros- 
 
 pective sites for monument 
 
 June 18 W. H. Crockett, expenses as Commissioner 
 
 20 Arthur F. Stone, expenses as Commissioner 
 
 Aug. 6 L. M. Hays, expenses as Commissioner 
 
 J. E. Burke, expense of tables for press, July, I909 
 
 25 H. W. Bailey, expenses as Commissioner 
 
 Sept. 8 Rachael A. Wisell, work on legislative report 
 
 Balance on deposit in National Bank of Vergennes $ 2,585 90 
 
 Balance of appropriation not yet drawn by the Commission . . . 12,500.00 
 
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Balbd -' r- .V M..^,^^)c 
 
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His pale canoe along the tide 
 
 The painted Huron paddles guide 
 
 With dumb, subdued elation; 
 
 The wild dawn stains their bodies bare. 
 
 The wild dawn gleams about his hair; 
 
 Steeped in his soul's adventure, lie 
 
 The valleys of discovery — 
 
 The peaks of expectation. 
 
 Midway the lake they pause: on high 
 
 His arm he raises solemnly. 
 
 Above the lilies that emboss 
 
 His azure banner, and the pied 
 
 Algonquin plumes that float beside. 
 
 He holds the shining cross. 
 
 "Champlain!" The placid word 
 
 The mute air hath not stirred. 
 
 Touched by the morning's wing 
 
 The ruddied waters, quickening, 
 
 Along are kindled by that christening. 
 
 Quaint splendors mass 
 
 Within the lake's clear glass. 
 
 And liquid lilies golden run 
 
 In rose gules of the rising sun. 
 
 Naught else there of acclaim 
 
 Greets the great Chevalier's name. 
 
 Save where the water-fowl's primeval broods 
 
 Awake Bulwagga's lone and echoing solitudes. 
 
 Ill 
 
 IV 
 
 Like sanguine clouds at sunset spread. 
 The ages slumber round thy head, 
 
 Ticonderoga! 
 Tremendous forms 
 Loom in their dreams: 
 Through levin-light of starless storms, 
 By giant fords of chartlcss streams 
 Saxon and Gaul 
 Wrestle and rise and fall, 
 Conquering the region aboriginal. 
 Hark! From the long tides of Lake George, 
 What rolling drum-beat rumbles through thy gorge, 
 
 Ticonderoga ? 
 
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Qui vive ? Their muskets flare the wood; 
 
 Francais\ Their wild cheers start: 
 Lord Howe is dropt down where he stood 
 
 A hot bail through his heart. 
 
 They drive them back, they drown their boast 
 In blood and the rushing river, 
 
 But the heart of Abercrombie's host — 
 The Lord of Hosts deliver! 
 
 Said is prayer and sung is psalm 
 In the moonlight waits Montcalm. 
 Felled is tree and sunk is trench: 
 On their ramparts rest the French. 
 Moon is waned and night is gone, 
 And the plateau, in the dawn, 
 Strown with strange gigantic wrack. 
 Bristles like a wild boar's back, 
 Horrid shagg'd with monstrous spines 
 Of splintered oaks and angled pines. 
 Where last night the setting sun 
 Placid forest looked upon 
 In its place the sunrise sees 
 Rubble heaps of writhen trees. 
 Boughs — that hid the shy bird's nest — 
 Sharpened for a soldier's breast. 
 
 Hot soars the sun: in dove-white swarms 
 Cluster the dazzling uniforms 
 Along the earthworks; distant shines 
 The vanguard of the English lines. 
 Scarlet from the sombre firs 
 They start like sudden tanagers, 
 And smoothly sweep the open glade 
 Toward the abatis. There, waylaid. 
 They flounded 'midst the galling heap 
 Of tumbled branches where they leap 
 .^nd crawl, as 'mid some huge morass, 
 Like locusts in storm-beaten grass. 
 The looming breastworks now they see 
 But still no foemen. Suddenly, 
 Blinding the noon, a dusk of smoke 
 Blooms, and the roaring air hath broke 
 In hurricanes of scorching hail. 
 Through which, to dying eyes that quail. 
 Falls the round sun — A fiery grail. 
 
 Five U Roi! rings from the wall 
 Of flame: Five notre Generall 
 
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 Still round thy brow the riven war clouds range, 
 
 Ticonderoga, 
 The conquest marches though the colors change. 
 And now, where revolution's lightnings run, 
 Beyond the battle-smoke sublime and wan, 
 Quivers the patient star of Washington ! 
 Ranger 'gainst regular, 
 Sundered in enmity. 
 Opens thine ancient scar 
 Newly — for liberty. 
 Now with a rushing noise 
 Burst freedom's fountains 
 Where the green-forest boys 
 March from their mountains. 
 Listen! What wheedling fife 
 Quickens thy smouldering memories to life, 
 
 Ticonderoga ? 
 
 We're marching for to take the fort 
 
 With Ethan — Ethan Allen, 
 That when with fight he fills a quart 
 
 He up and gulps a gallon. 
 Double — quick it! fa'ter! — hep! 
 
 Lord: his blood is brandy. 
 Mind the music and the step, 
 
 And hold your muskets handy. 
 
 Friends and fellow soldiers — halt! 
 
 Mind your P's, you noodle! 
 What mother's son will earn his salt 
 
 And dance to Yankee Doodle ? 
 There stands Ticonderoga: state 
 
 What now ye mean to do there. 
 Yon's the fortress' wicket-gate: 
 
 How many will march through there ? 
 
 As many now as volunteer 
 
 Poise your firelocks! — Right, sir! 
 Each man has swung his musket clear. 
 
 Each man files (iff to fight, sir. 
 The British sentry points his gun. 
 
 And Ethan hears him click it: 
 He fires: the Yankees yell "Come on!" 
 
 And thunder through the wicket. 
 
 They thunder through the barracks court 
 
 And ram the British mortars. — 
 What rag-tail revels make such sport 
 
 In great King George's quarters ? — 
 
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Press Comments. 
 
 The following comments on the Tercentenary Celebration are taken from various 
 newspapers and magazines: 
 
 If'orcester, Mass., Telegram, June 29, 1909. 
 
 * * * * This celebration, 300 years after the discovery of the lake by Champlain, 
 will emphasize the fact that the region has not been developed like other parts of the 
 United States. The great majority of inhabitants about the big lake have not yet cut 
 their way out of the forests. They have not made that northern end of New York State 
 grow in any comparison with the southern tip. One of the subways under the city of 
 New York cost more than the whole lake region would sell for. There is lack of enter- 
 prise in that neglect of one of the most famous sections of this country. The farms are 
 not producing as much as they did 50 years ago, and the towns there are but little larger. 
 The northern section of New York, and the three northern New England States, in one 
 broad stretch of territory, is still discussed more as wild land, fit for reforestation than for 
 business, but there lies hidden in that portion of the United States an immense quantity 
 of power for the development of industries on the cheap basis, that makes them valuable 
 American assets. It was worth fighting for in the beginning, and it is worth having now, 
 but not merely as a wilderness and place of peaceful lakes for celebration. 
 
 Cohiiiihus, Ohio, Dispatch, July i, 1909. 
 
 * * * * The three hundredth anniversary of the discovery of Lake Champlain by 
 Champlain, the eminent French explorer and founder of the French power in America, 
 is this week being celebrated on the borders of that historic body of water. It is an event 
 in which English, French and Americans can properly participate, for each can trace to 
 it some national glory. 
 
 ff'oonsocket, R. I., Call, July 2, 1909. 
 
 * * * * When we celebrate Lake Champlain we shall commemorate the genius of 
 the American pioneers, their sacrifices and devotion. 
 
 Albany, N. T. Times, July 3, 1909. 
 
 * * * * It will be a great celebration. There will be a floating island and real 
 Indians will fight on it, for show, of course. We shall not forget Ticonderoga, for did not 
 Ethan Allen capture it "in the name of Jehovah and the Continental Congress V The 
 celebration will be worthy the human interests which cluster around these historic scenes. 
 
 IFanatchee, Wash., IVorld, July 3, 1909. 
 It is a good place to go to, a superb place in which to celebrate, and neither did the 
 President nor the French and British Ambassadors bend down at all when they went 
 there to chant their hymns to peace. 
 
 St. John, N. B., Globe, July 3, 1909. 
 
 * * * * Indeed, there has been great ingenuity displayed in planning out all the 
 exercises ot this great national and international celebration. The idea is a good one. 
 It is no use now for Indian, French, English or Canadian to have vain and useless regrets 
 over the way in which the occurrences terminated which give so much importance to 
 Lake Champlain. The final issue was in the interest of human freedom and human 
 development, for which God be praised in every tongue that man speaks. 
 
 Rev. Anson Titus m Boston, Mass., Courier, July 3, 1909. 
 
 * * * * The Champlain of former days is more and more becoming the waterway 
 of peace and favor. Its landscape and health-giving hills and harbors are every summer 
 

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Schenectady, N. T., Gazette, July 6, 1909. 
 
 * * * * The Champlain celebration is a great one, one of the greatest in the history 
 of the State. 
 
 Fall River, Mass., Herald, July 6, 1909. 
 
 * * * * It is particularly appropriate that today, when nations are experiencing 
 the greatest of difficulty in restricting warfare, that we should consider the deed of one 
 who was essentially a man of peace. The services now being htld in honor of his coming 
 are made memorable by a joint participation of the leading churchmen of both the Catholic 
 and Protestant faiths, and the significance of this occasion is thus emphasized. 
 
 Providence, R. I., News-Democrat, July 6, 1 909. 
 
 * * * * The program arranged for the celebration is one of the most magnificent 
 ever prepared for a celebration in this country, there being nothing previously comparable 
 to it save that for the Canadian celebration last year. 
 
 Harlford, Conn., Post, July 6, 1909. 
 In the very fairyland of the nation, but on a spot made historic by many deeds of 
 valor of peculiarly human mortals, the nation, and particularly New England and New 
 York, are today ctlebratmg the tercentennial of the discovery of Lake Champlain by 
 the intrepid voyageur, Samuel Champlain. 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, Times-Star, July 6, I909. 
 Above all other lessons taught by the celebration of the three hundredth anniversary 
 of the discovery of Lake Champlain, is the outstanding and immensely important fact 
 that the world is for peace. ****** fj^g cause of peace gains, and gains 
 greatly, notwithstanding the wars which take place, at lengthening intervals, and the 
 tremendous armaments created and maintained in time of international repose. The 
 world was never before so sure that peace is far better and more to be desired than war 
 and more fruitful of good to mankind. 
 
 Duluth, Minn., Herald, July 6, 1909. 
 Down in the Adirondack and Green Mountain country, where Lake Champlain 
 nestles picturesquely between the hills, they are celebrating the three hundredth anniver- 
 sary of the discovery of Lake Champlain by the gallant Frenchman whose name it bears, 
 and a very pretty and very fitting thing it is to celebrate. The story of Samuel 
 Champlain is bound up in the history of New France, a country that no longer exists, but 
 to a large degree his life is a part of the history of the American continent. 
 
 .Montreal, Canada, Star, July 6, 1 909. 
 The Champlain celebration in the Lake district, which bears his name, is being 
 observed with some very fitting spectacles and much well-rimed eloquence. The great 
 name of Champlain is stamped upon this continent indelibly; and the three nations which 
 unite to do him honor — the British Empire, the American and the French Republics — 
 are in the forefront of civilization today, to some extent, at least, because of the impetus 
 which men like Champlain gave to their development. Canada and the United States 
 benefited directly, while Britain and France gained from the return force which their 
 endeavors in thi- New World generated. .Much subse(]uent history clusters about Lake 
 Chavii[)lain; and the orators of the occasion are giving due attention. The through route 
 from tlie St. Lawrence to tlie Hudson was bound to be the scene of stirring events. 
 
 Pltiladrlpbia, Pa., Chronicle, July J, 1909. 
 
 * * * * 'I'luly, the honors paid to the memory of this great explorer and colonizer 
 are not out of proportion to his merits. His name deserves to be written among the 
 highest on the roll ot tiie pioneers of civilization in America. 
 
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Scranton, Pa., Truth, July 8, 1909. 
 
 Interest in early American history centers this week at Lake Champlain in honor of 
 the three hundredth anniversary of its discovery by the intrepid French explorer, Samuel 
 Champlain. 
 
 There is no more interesting section of our country than the region bordering the 
 historic Lake Champlain and its b-autiful tributary. Lake George. The former expanse 
 of water separating New ^'ork and Vermont and penetrating into northern Canada, 
 possesses attractions that are worthy the attention of student and traveler, and that are 
 not as well known tothe majority of the .American people, outside of the books, as they 
 deserve to be. 
 
 For their scenic beauty as well as their historic and romantic associations Lakes 
 Champlain and George are worthy of more general attention than they receive. Nothing 
 in Europe is finer than the rugged and picturesque charms that are unfolded to the eye of 
 the tourist by a voyage on these lakes, while most of the old landmarks are rich in historic 
 lore. 
 
 Portland, Mi-., .Irgus, Julv 8, 1909. 
 
 The Champlain Tercentenary is an event of national, indeed of international interest, 
 for it relates to an epoch-making era in the history of three great nations. This celebra- 
 tion, as ex-Mayor Seth Low says, "carries us back to the France of Henry of Navarre 
 and to the England of James 1, and also carries us back uponthiscontinenttothesuprem- 
 acy of the Five Nations of the Iroquois among the red men of the forest." Champlain 
 and his achievements cannot be regarded with indifference by Americans, or this anniver- 
 sary allowed to pass without ample recognition from the people who have profited so 
 vastly from the arduous work of the intrepid French explorer and the men who followed 
 his track. There is no region in the United States more rich in historic and heroic memo- 
 ries than the beautiful country that borders Lake Champlain, and it is well that the atten- 
 tion of the nation should be drawn on this occasion to the traditions and associations 
 which enhance its picturesque interest. The Champlain Tercentenary also affords an 
 opportunity for the international exchange of sentiments of good-will and appreciation — 
 and such opportunities do not and cannot come too often to check the spirit of militarism 
 rampant throughout the civilized world. 
 
 Lynn, Mass., Item, July 8, 1909. 
 
 * * * * The publicity given to the historical facts has revived an interest in colonial 
 annals that will not soon die away. 
 
 Lawrence, Mass., .American, July 8, 1909. 
 
 The Champlain celebration has attracted the attention of the whole country. So 
 many distinguished men have honored the occasion by their presence, and so much 
 historical interest is attached to the great name which the noble lake bears, that the ob- 
 servance could not but have a national significance. 
 
 The celebration has been participated in cordially by the Canadians, who share in 
 common, the history of this beautiful region. * * * * Peace has spread its white wings 
 over this famous battle ground, and the placid beauty of the great inland sea, once dis- 
 turbed by desperate naval conflict, reflects the beauty of an Arcadian shore line. The 
 Stars and Stri|)es float over the territory once dominated by France and England, and the 
 free-born Americans today pay full meed of praise to the sturdy men who wrested the 
 territory from tin- aborigines and laid the foundations for civilization in the western 
 hemisphere. 
 
 fFoonsoeket, R. L, Call, July 8, 1909. 
 
 * * * * Gallant Champlain, were he to awaken today, would be the most surprised 
 man on earth as he saw the old-time rivals peacefully and felicitously communing one with 
 
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Si. John, N. B., Sun, July 8, 1909. 
 
 * * * * When will the increasing bonds of friendship be sufficiently strong to 
 make even a tariff war a possibility as remote as a contest for territory ? This gripping 
 of hands over the memory of Champlain ought to have some practical and lasting result. 
 
 Troy, N. Y., Times, July g, 1909 . 
 Vermont had tlie concluding part of the Champlain Tercentenary, and acquitted 
 itself nobly. The exercises at Burlington yesterday in character and dignity were in 
 thorough keeping with the preceding part of the program. ***** And Vermont, a 
 State of sturdy manhood as well as of unlimited hospitality, bade all welcome, made them 
 very much at home and put a very impressive finishing touch on a celebration which has 
 been memorable as a pageant and has been of incalculable benefit as an agency in knitting 
 still more closely the bonds of international good feeling. 
 
 Brooklyn, N. T ., Eagle, July 9, 1 909. 
 
 * * * * If the Champlain Tercentenary has no other effect than to inspire a few 
 to read the story of the struggle between the French and the English in Farkman's wonder- 
 fully interesting volumes, or even in Cooper's novels, it will have been worth while. The 
 story of Lake Champlain was well told again by Mr. Hamilton W. Mabie, at Ticonderoga, 
 on Tuesday, and much of it was included in the speeches of President Taft, of the British 
 and French Ambassadors, and of Secretary Root, also in the poems of Clinton Scollard, 
 Daniel L. Cady, Bliss Carman and Percy IVlacKaye — but excellent as they were, they are 
 far from equal to the story as told by Parkman. 
 
 Poughkeepsie, N. T., Eagle, July 9, 1909. 
 
 * * * * Whoever planned the Champlain celebration did it with shrewdness 
 and wisdom. 
 
 Exeter, N. H., News-Letter, July 9, 1909. 
 
 * * * * In focussing attention upon a locality fraught with historic associations the 
 celebration should prove beneficial. 
 
 Farmingtoti, N. H., News, July 9, 1909. 
 If Samuel Champlain could sail into the waters of the beautiful lake which bears his 
 name during the celebration of the 300th anniversary of its discovery, he would without 
 doubt be somewhat astonished and surprised at the marvelous transformation along the 
 shores; and after listening to the speech of the President of the United States, seeing the 
 parades and naval displays, the ruins of old Fort Ticonderoga, and the various other 
 points of interest, would exclaim: "I did not explore and discover in vain, for my labor 
 has been crowned with wonderful success by the people who came after me." 
 
 New I'ork, N. T., Irish IVorld, July 10, 1 909. 
 
 * * * * Lake Champlain is rich in historic memories, in some of which lrish-.'\merl- 
 cans have reason to take special pride. The imposing celebration of the tercentenary of 
 its discovery is a fitting triiiute to the memory of the brave soldier, the devour Catholic, and 
 the able administrator who has left his mark so deep upon the history of the New World. 
 
 Brooklyn, N. } ., Citizen, July 10, 1909. 
 The ceremonies at Burlington were the crowning achievement of the extended 
 Champlain celebration. The reason is to be found in a sentence in President laft's 
 speech there. He said that his father knew personally every Vermonter in the State of 
 Ohio, and that there is a bond between Vermont men, wherever they may be, that is almost 
 as strong as that of Freemasonry. 
 
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he so well says this commemoration will give renewed strength to the amity of the great 
 nations of the earth. 
 
 New York World, July II, 1 909. 
 
 Ambassador Bryce's plea for the preservation of the Lake Champlain region in its 
 natural wildness as a national pleasure-ground will strike a responsive chord in all nature- 
 lovers. Mr. Bryce well says that: 
 
 "As wealth goes on increasing in those regions of the Middle West to which nature 
 has given a richer soil and a profusion of minerals, but far less beauty, as well as in the 
 gigantic cities of the East, there will be an ever- increasing longing among the people to 
 enjoy the scenic loveliness of this land of lakes and mountains. More and more will the 
 Green Mountains and the White Mountains and the shores of your lakes be the place to 
 which men will come from those crowded regions to seek rest and health and recreation 
 and the joys of unspoiled nature.' ' 
 
 There will be hearty indorsement of his wish that the woods may be spared, the 
 mountains kept open to the free access of pedestrians and the region made to " retain some 
 of that romantic charm and wild simplicity which it had when Champlain's canoe first 
 clove the silent waters of the lake." 
 
 Saginaw, Michigan, Councr-HeralJ, July II, 1909. 
 
 * * * * For the glory and significance of this body of water belong wholly to the 
 past. Today it is a picturesque and pleasant lake. It is a splendid summer resort, 
 with the usual and much advertised fishing, boating and bathing. It is more than that, 
 tor its beauty is such as to distinguish it among summer resorts. 
 
 New York Evening Sun, July 12, 1909. 
 
 * * * * What it (the celebration) accomplished can hardly be overestimated. 
 President Taft said this in reference to the bringing together of three nations, France, 
 England and the United States, in the bond of a common past. Governor Prouty of 
 Vermont was even more decided in his belief that in its far-reaching effect the Champlain 
 Tercentenary was the biggest thing of its kind ever held in this country. 
 
 Its immediate effect has also been great. Besides wakmg the Champlain valley to 
 a realization of the importance of its past history and to the possibilities of its future as a 
 commercial power, pending only the development of its resources as a gateway of trade, it 
 has also aroused the world at large to this same realization. The history of Champlain 
 from 1609 to 1814 is an inspiring one, and the tercentenary has brought this history before 
 the public as only such a celebration can. The introduction of great numbers of persons 
 to the lake valley as a place to live, or at least a place to rest, will go far toward increasing 
 the popularity of Champlain as a summer resort. But all in all the most important eff"ect 
 is that of which President Taft spoke. The whole tercentenary has been a fine thing; 
 fine to witness and fine to look back upon, in every way above criticism or reproach. What 
 the bi-State committee did with the money and material at their disposal was little short 
 of marvelous, and for their interest and work they deserve commendation and praise 
 of the highest order. 
 
 New York Mail and Express. July 12, I909. 
 If ever a warning was spoken in words of such beauty and force as to make the admoni- 
 tion pleasant in itself to hear, it was so spoken in the language in which, at the Lake 
 Champlain Tercentenary, Ambassador Bryce urged the preservation of the natural 
 beauties of the shores and surroundings of that lovely inland sea. 
 
 Joliet, III., Republican, July 12, 1909. 
 The people in the vicinity of Lake Champlain have just been celebrating the tercen- 
 tenary of the discovery of that beautiful sheet of water by the intrepid French explorer 
 
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born and earthly nun makes the desert to blossom as a garden of the Lord and constructs 
 empires that shall last forever. 
 
 Rev. IVdltam C. Gordun, Ph. D. in Boston, Mass., Chnsticiri Endeavor World, 
 
 July 29, 1909. 
 
 * * * * It was a big celebration. There can be no doubt about that. It is easy 
 to use superlatives in description, but in this case accuracy demands superlatives. Any- 
 thing less would misrepresent the facts. Three-hundredth anniversaries are not observed 
 with great frequency in this country. When such a celebration arrives, people of intelli- 
 gence and patriotic pride are ready to lend their ears and their eyes. They do not have 
 to be scolded to make them sit up and pay attention. Farms and trades and factories 
 can rest for a whole week if necessary in order to allow those whose time and strength 
 they usually absorb to share the ioy and enthusiasm of such a commemoration of a great 
 event and a great man. 
 
 As far back as 1906 the Vermont Legislature remembered that such an anniversary 
 was due to arrive in July 1909. The Governor was authorized to appoint a commission 
 to confer with New York and Canada, reminding them that in July, 1 609, Samuel 
 Champlain sailed down the St. Lawrence, and discovered the lake to which he gave his 
 name, and asking them what they proposed to do about it. The parades and speeches 
 and poems and waving banners and pageants and immense throngs in Ticonderoga and 
 Crown Point and Plattsburgh and Burlington and Isle La Motte from July fourth to the 
 ninth are the answer to the question asked by the Vermont Commission three years ago. 
 
 Record-breaking crowds have been the rule in every place where the anniversary 
 has been observed. It was stated by one of the conservative papers that thirty thousand 
 people were packed into the City Park in Burlington on Thursday when the addresses 
 were being delivered by the distinguished speakers. It was on the whole a remarkably 
 orderly and well-behaved crowd, too. In the Vermont city no robbery or theft was re- 
 ported to the police during the celebration. 
 
 The New York Outlook, July 3 1 , 1909. 
 
 * * * * Never were conditions more favorable for such a celebration as that 
 planned in honor of Champlain's discovery. Barring one day, the weather was perfect. 
 Refreshing breezes svi'ept through the gaps between the soft blue domes on either side of 
 the lake, tempering the ardor of the sun's rays, while the air was of that crystalline clarity 
 which exhilarates and draws from man involuntary exclamations of gladness for the fact 
 of mere existence. Each day a pageant of great, snowy clouds swept across the deep blue 
 sky, adding to the dreamy charm of the background of the celebration. The Spectator's 
 manipulation of the pigments of language is not so perfect as was Turner's of paints; 
 but he wishes it were, in order that he might convey an impression of the changing lights 
 and shadows and tints which presented new combinations of color with every passing 
 moment. From the moment the rays of the rising sun shot through the notches in the 
 Green Mountains, informing the visitor that he or she must be up and doing if the event 
 of the day was to be witnessed, until the golden afterglow had ceased to define the rounded 
 heights of the Adirondacks and the amethystine tints of the mountain sides had deepened 
 into the black shadow of night, each hour had a fresh temptation for the artist. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
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