ife^tc|) ctf Clfjicago ; ALSO A RECORD OF THE Great Inter-State Exposition of 1873, ITS INCEPTION TO ITS CLOSE; NAMES OF EXHIBITORS, AND DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES EXHIBITED; TOGETHER WITH VALUABLE STATISTICAL INFORMATION OF CHICAGO'S MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS. CHICAGO: -VAN ARSDALE & MASSIE, Publishers'. 1873. ?r LITHOGRAPHING BY TRUESDELL, LOTT & CO 180 Clark St.y Chicago. DIE CUTTING BY DRAKE & FORBES, Lkkealde Building. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by VAN ARSDALE & MASSIE, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. THE LAKESIDE PRESS, Printers^ Clark & Adamg Sts. Chicago COX, HENDERSON & CO. BinderSy Lakeside Building, Chicago. ji TTOJ .JJ3G2i]U«T HFbirafion. TO N, S* teuton, IHsq,, Oljaicman, (geo. ?g, Haflm, ^otUx lalmer, gno, ^. Brake, 1^. €. (Crane, IStiiDin Hee 13rob3n, (Bczo. S- 13oltten, C. iSm. Jgarbeg, HBabiti ^. (gage, J^* ?g* Caglor* THE EXECUTIVE COMMiTTE^,, AND TO .-.sn^nd'r.l sdJ lo .rjffto ■srfj *:} lilnci. ^. i^egnoltiis, ^^2. and g. Irbmg ^earce, srrm. {?/" /A^ 7;^^^r = Stale Industrial Exposition^ prominent citizens and leading busifiess men^ by whose intelligent zeal and untiring energy so much was done to make the Great Exposition of 18 j^ the unprecedented success it was J and whose able efforts in the interest of Chicago will ever he gratefully remembered by her citizens, Ci)is Uolume fs most l^espectfullg Inscrifieti BY THE PUBLISHERS. -::3fiT aciaj/AJ 3Ht (Jonl^pnH. PAGE Introduction _. 15 Historical Sketch of Chicago 17 The Exposition 24 The Building 37 The Inauguration _ 42 The Exhibitors 50 Resume and Closing of the Exposition of 1873 306 Chicago : Its Growth, Prospects, Merchants, and Manufacturers. _ 314 Conclusion 318 Inbpf 1^0 ^f^iiiops. PAGE Appleton, D., & Co. Books 73 Ames & Frost. Spring Beds 102 Anderson, M. Show-Cases 103 Andrews, A. H., & Co. School Furniture 103 American Watch Company. Watches 129 Aurora Silver Plate Manufacturing Company. Plated Goods 129 American Clock Company. Clocks 130 American Molded Collar Company. Collars 144 Abbey, F. J., & Co. Guns, etc 162 American Bureau of Mines. Minerals 172 Armstrong, A. A. Fossils 172 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad. Minerals and Products 172, 284 Atchinson, Robert, & Co. Sheet Metals 183 Austin, H. W., & Co. Pumps, etc. 183 American Sheet and Boiler Plate Company. Steel Ware 183 American Steam Safe Company. Safes 183 Almini, P. M., & Co. Artists' Materials 227 American Bridge Company. Bridge Model 247 Anderson Steam Heating Company. Steam Heater 248 Americus Manufacturing Company. Corn Husking Machine __ 256 American Sewing Machine Company. Sewing Machines 272 American Sardine Company. Boneless Sardines ._ 291 Archdeacon, Wm. Pickles, etc 291 Anderson European Hotel. Kitchen Outfit 298 Ballard, Fast & Co. Saws . 187 Bangs Bros. Stoves, Ranges, etc __ 187 Barker & Jackson. Heater . _ 188 Baeder, Adamson & Co. Curled Hair, etc 227 Banks, W. H., & Co. Farm Machinery 232 Brewster, T. D., & Co. Cultivators 235 Brayley & Paterson. Pitt's Thresher _ 235 Blymer Manufacturing Company. Threshers, etc — 237 Brown, J. J. Grain Meter 237 Barker, J. Sand-papei-ing machine __ 249 Babcock Manufacturing Company. Fire Extinguishers, etc 249 Bailey, A. S. Patent Car Pusher -_ 249 Buckeye Engine Company. Engines 259 Battle Creek Machinery Company. Paneling Machine 257 Barrows, Thos., & Co. Sewing Machines 272 Burlington and Missouri Railroad Company. Farm Products . 285 INDEX TO EXHIBITORS. 5 PAGE Blake, Walker & Co. Crackers, etc 292 Bell, Conrad & Webster. Coffee, etc 293 Booth, Alfred. Canned Goods 293 Beaseley's Waukegan Brewing Company. Ales — 295 Brockway & Schaffner. Cigars, etc 295 Bradley Manufacturing Company. Patent Hammer 299 Bradshaw, Hugh. Wood Cistern 125 Barton, E. D. Clocks 130 Belding Bros. & Co. Sewing Silk 139 Burkitt, Sutton & Stanley. Fancy Knit Goods 140 Brownson Bros. & Co. Neck Wear 144 Barrett, D. P., & Co. Paper Boxes, etc 145 Bennett & Co. German Shoes 145 Borgerson, John. Work Boxes 145 Brown, Prior & Fisk. Shirts and Furnishing Goods 145 Bullock Bros. Fine Shoes 146 Biggs, Spencer & Co. Cutlery and Guns 162 Butler, Jos., & Co. Guns and Fishing Tackle 163 Brown Brothers. Vault Lights, etc 173 Brayton, King & Co. Goodenough Horse Shoe 184 Bassett, J. S., & Co. Gas Fixtures 185 Blomyuist, C. A. T Rail Fastener 185 Brown & VanArsdale Manufacturing Company. Tools, etc 186 Blair, Wm., & Co. Clothes Washers, etc 186 Burdett, Smith & Co. Stoves 186 Brooks & Baker. Hollow Ware 187 Brintnall, Terry & Belden. Hardwai-e 187 Bliss & Brown. Furnaces, Ranges, etc 187 Beebe, L. A, Iron Furnace 187 Baker & Co. Engraving .. 68 Brand, E. L. Photographs 69 Bell, Mrs, I. M. Wax Work 71 Baxter, Mrs. Lizzie. Wax Work 71 Berry, Jas., & Co, Plate and Cut Glass 72 Bradner, Smith & Co. Paper 74 Butler, J. W., & Co, Paper 74 Bauer, Julius, & Co. Pianos and Organs _ 89 Bartlett, Butman & Parker Trusses 92 Bliss & Torrey. Druggists' Sundries 93 Briard, Dr, B, Medicines, etc, 93 Bullock, W, H, Mathematical Instruments 97 Bliss, G, H., & Co. Telegraph Instruments 99 Barclay, Daniel. Show-Cases 103 Brachvogle, Chas. Mirrors, etc 103 Bent, J. W. Refrigerators ._ 103 Boyington, L. C. Spring Beds .. 103 Brunswick, Emanuel, & Co. Billiard Tables 104 Brunswick, J. M., Balke & Co. Billiard Tables 104 Bradley Window Company, Patent Window __ 116 Burley & Tyrrell, China and Glassware 121 Bowen, Ira P,, & Co, Crockery, etc 122 Chicago Engraving Company. Wood Engraving 68 Chicago Lithographing Company. Lithography 68 Copelin & Son. Photography 69 Cook, Mrs, Wax Work 71 Carter Bros, Inks and Mucilage 74 Cox, Henderson & Co, Bookbinders . 75 Culvei-, Page, Hoyne & Co. Stationery, Blank Books, etc. 76 6 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. PAGE Cleveland Paper Company. Paper .' ^ 76 Croghan, James. Patent Chair, Patent Combined Sofa 105 Clark, W. H. Heath's Patent Chair 105 Chicago Iron Bedstead Manufacturing Company. Iron Bedsteads 105 Chicago Curtain Fixture Company. Magic Curtain Fixture 105 Cobb, Z., & Sons. Springs 105 Clancey, Thomas. Vessel Model 106 Clark & Hill. Brushes 125 Church, Merwin. Stoves and Ranges 125 Campbell, Freeman. Hair Goods 130 Cox, J., & Co. Artificial Flowers 142 Crell, C. A. Paper Collars and Cuffs 146 Champlin & Rogers, Machinists' Tools 216 Clapp, J. I. & J. W. Wool . 225 Constantine, T. S. Fancy Woods 225 Chase, Hanford & Co. Paints, etc 226 Chicago White Lead and Oil Company. Paints, etc 228 Clindining & Co. Cerate 228 Champion Smut Mill Company. Smut Mill. 237 Cushman, G. W. H., & Co. Excavator 238 Clinton, E. H. Harvester 238 Clarke, F. L. Brick Machine 250 Crei-ar, Adams & Co. Railway Supplies. 250 Colburn, L. J. Candy, etc 258 Crane Bros. Manufacturing Compaiiy. Steam Pumps, etc 259 Chicago Portable Track and Car Company. Cars, etc 269 Chicago Taylor Press Company. Printing Press 269 Chapen & Mitchell. Bristol Washing Machine 272 Cushman, G. W. H., & Co. Knitting Machine 273 Calkins Champion Washer Company, Washing Machine 273 Central Yeast Company. Yeast Cakes 293 Corbett, Scoville & Co. Washing Powder 293 Chicago & Peoria Yeast Company, Yeast Cakes 293 Coan & Ten Broeke Manufacturing Company. Carriages 300 Champion Fire Extinguishing Company. Fire Extinguishers--. 307 Coyle & Dickenson. Shirts.. 146 Chase, L. C, & Co. Harness & Horse Furnishing Goods 169 Colorado Industrial Association. Ore of Precious Metals 172 Chicago Stone Pipe Company. Stone Pipe 173 Chicago Artificial Stone Company. Artificial Stone 174 Chicago Composition (granite Company. Artificial Stone 174 Chicago Terra Cotta Company. Terra Cotta 174 Carpenter, John W. Scotch Granite 175 Chicago Plate and Bar Mill Company, Plate and Sheet Iron 189 Carsley, R. B,, & Co, Embossing Press, etc 189 Chicago Vice and Tool Company, Anvils, Vices and Tools 189 Cribben, H. Stoves ., 189 Chicago Shot Tower Company, Improved Shot 190 Chicago Stove Works. Stoves 190 Champlin, E. C. Ventilator 191 Clark, Abbott & Co. Railroad and Machinists' Hardware 191 Clinton Wire Cloth Company. Wire Goods 191 Continental Bolt Manufacturing Company. Bolts and Bolt Work 191 Covert, D, S. Safes, Vault Doors, etc. 192 Cragin, H. B., & Co. House Furnishing Goods -- 192 Dale, Jas. Book Binding 77 Decorative Wood Carpet Company. Wood Carpet 106 Dixon & Co. Show-Cases 106 Driver, Thomas. Sash, Blinds, and Doors 107 INDEX TO EXHIBITORS. 7 PAGE Donavan, D. Howard, Patent Chair Seats J 146 Downs & Sias. Clothing 147 Damon, Temple & Co. Neck Wear 147 Doggett, Bassett & Hill. Boots and Shoes 147 Dane, Westlake & Covert. Car Lamps, etc 192 Disston, Henry, & Son. Saws 192 Dolan, Wm., & Co. Patent Oil Cans . 193 Dicks, W. Flower Pot Bracket 193 Dalton, J. P., & Co. House Furnishing Goods 207 Drummond, D. Screw-driver — 207 Douglass, W. & B. Pumps, etc 208 Davis Sewing Machine Company. Sewing Machines 274 Davis, \V. P., & Co. Sewing Machine Attachments 274 Desmond, Wm. Plants, etc 289 DeWilde & Co. Wines, etc 294 Elmore, T. J., &Co. Pianos -. 88 Electric Improvement Company. Telegraph Instruments 100 Empire Parlor Bedstead Company. Patent Bedsteads 107 Estell & Jenkins. Gold Pens, etc 130 Elmer, Ball & White. Buckskin Under-Garments 140 Ely & Co. Fine Clothing 147 Essers, H. Boots and Shoes 147 Emmerich, Chas. Pillows and Feathers 226 Easter, J. D., & Co. Marsh Harvester 239 Excelsior Press Brick Manufactuiing Company. Brick Machine 252 Elgin Board of Trade. Daiiy Products 290 Ellin wood, W. J. Seeds and Grain 290 Fassett. S. M. Photographs 70 Fishbeck, F., & Co. Patent Lounge 107 Fisher, J. Hyde. Refrigerators 107 Frost, W. E. Wood Work 107 Foster, G. F., Son & McFarren. Ship Chandlery 142 Fargo, C. H., & Co. Boots and Shoes 147 Fisk, D. B., & Co. Millinery Goods 148 Frear, Geo. A. Artificial Stone, etc 176 Fairbanks, Morse & Co. Scales, etc .- 208 Fuller, Warren & Co. Stoves, etc 210 Flammer, C Ornamental Japanned Ware 211 French & Co. Lard, etc . 227 Fairbank, Peck & Co. Lard 229 Filer, Stowell & Co. Gang Bolter 259 Farrar & Wheeler. Sewing Machines ^. 275 Gentile, C. Photographs 70 Green, P. B. Views 70 Gardner, J. E. Artificial Limbs 94 Goodwille & Goodwille. Frames and Mouldings 107 Green & Spear. Bedding, etc. 126 Glassbrook, M. Hair Goods 130 Giles Bros. & Co. Jewelry, etc. 131 Graef & Fields. Plated Ware 132 Graham Bros. Soaps, Perfumery, etc. 135 Gordon, W. J. M. Chemicals, etc 136 Gillett, McCulloch & Co. Extracts 136 Gibson & Tyler. Blankets 141 Guest, Miss H. Hair Work 142 Gould, Peaice & Co. Carpets, etc 142 Griswold, J. W., & Co. Cloaks, etc. 148 8 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. PAGE Gage, Mallory & Co. Furs - 148 Gerry, N. E., & Co. Over Gaiters & Leggins 148 Greensfelder, Rosenthal & Co. Boots and Shoes. 149 Goodyear Rubber Co. Rubber Goods 149 Glantz & Hoffman. Furs 149 Gowan Marble Co. Mantles, etc 176 Goble & Co. Pumps, etc 193 Gould Bros. & Diblee. Iron Goods, etc _. 193 Givaudan, Ben. E., & Trested, Jr, Ranges, etc. 194 Gilbert, M., & Co. Howes' Scales 205 Galoway & Sargent. Soaps _ 229 Gump, Chas. A., & Co. Mill Goods 239 Gore & Edgcorhb. Machinery, etc. _ - 260 Goodrich, H. C. Tuck Marker _ 276 Grover & Baker Sewing Machine Co. Sewing Machines 276 Gunther, C. F. Confectionery 294 Hubbard M. G. Mowers and Reapers 240 Hall Brothers. Fire Extinguisher 253 Hutchings, W. Fire Extinguisher 254 Harden, Jno. Glass Bearings 254 Heath & Hobkirk. Machinery ___. 261 Harris & Sanborn. Engines 262 Home Sewing Machine Company. Sewing Machines 277 Howe Sewing Machine Company. Sewing Machines 277 Hovey & Co. Garden Seeds 289 Hefferon, D. S. Flower Seeds _ 289 Hutchings, C. S., & Co. Starch 293 Hartshorn, O. S. Natural History .- 296 Henderson, C. M., & Co. Boots and Shoes , 152 Holderness, S., & Co, Rubber Stamps ._ 153 Hotchkin, Palmer & Co. Ladies' Bonnets 153 Herkimer, J. Harness, etc, _ 170 Hall, E. R. Hollow File 176 Hanson, C. H. Stencils 194 Harris, S. H. Safes 194 Hall's Safe and Lock Company. Safes 195 Hill, H. W., & Co. Hog Ringer 196 Hewett Manufacturing Company. Patent Sad Irons 196 Herron, S. J. Van's Ranges 196 Houghton Copper Company. Lake Superior Copper 196 Hunt, Edwin, & Sons. Hardware — 196 Hoyt, W. M., & Co. Tea Cannister --. 197 Hitchcock & Walker. Bells 197 Heath & Milligan. Paints 229 Holden, Tascott & Co. Paints .-- . 229 Harrison, W. M. Farm Wagon — 240 Hall, Alfred. Photographs 70 Heap, Mrs. L. E. Wax Work 71 Hiatt & LeRoy. Artificial Limbs 94 Hale, A. L. & Bro. Furniture - 107 Huntington, W. F., & Co. Spring Beds 108 Hart & Co. Clothes Bars, etc 108 Hill, E. A. Children's Carriages 108 Harper, J. H. Fly Trap 126 Hittorf, H. J. Clock _.. 132 Huyck «& Knox. Extracts 138 Hoffman, E. H. Meerschaum Goods — 149 Haskell Brothers. Trunks . 150 Hollister, E. F., & Co. Furniture and Carpets _ 150 INDEX TO EXHIBITORS. 9 PAQH Huyck, G. L., & Co. Furnishing Goods .- 150 Hirch& Co. Umbrellas, etc 150 Halleck & Wheeler. Rubber Goods - - - 150 Hall &Bro. Horse Covers 152 Hughes, E. M. & A. A. Children's and Infants' Clothing 152 Invisible Weather Strip Company. Weather Strips -_. 270 Illinois Glass Company. Glass — 1 22 Industrial Class. Fancy Goods — 142 Iowa Railroad Land Company. Minerals and Products 172-286 Isaacs, M. C, & Co. Wire Brooms, etc --. 197 Iron Clad Can Company. Patent Cans 197 Illinois Iron and Bolt Company. Copy Presses, etc 197 Jerome, C. C. Burglar Alarm _ ... 218 Joliet Iron and Steel Company. Iron, etc _ 199 Jefferson Iron Works. Nails, etc _- 199 Jevne, Otto, & Co. Stained Glass Windows 73 Justi, H.D. Artificial Teeth 95 Johnson & Land. Artificial Teeth 95 Jacobs, E. A. Cords and Tassels __ 153 Johns, H. W. Asbestos Roofing 177 John, James. Fire Proof Construction 177 Jones & Laughlin. Cold Rolled Iron and Steel 197 Jetter, Chas. J. Wire Goods 198 Jewett & Root. Stoves 198 Johnston Harvester Company. Harvesting Machines 241 Johnnotts, S. Potatoe Digger 241 Johnson, R. M. Fire Fxtinguisher. 255 Klein, George J. Photographs 70 Kalteich, Otto. Trusses, etc 95 Kellogg, A. W. Patent Table Waiter 122 Keith, A. B. Cosmoline 136 Kelsheimer & Sandheimen. Boots and Shoes 153 Kimbark Bros. & Co. Chrome Steel, etc 199 Kenosha Hardware Company. Castings, etc 200 Koch, Gustave. Dies, etc 200 Kirk & Barker. Heavy Hardware 211 Keyes, D. H. Patent Oil Safe.. 211 Killefer, J. Nut-threading Machine 255 Ksempfer, F. Birds, etc _ 296 Lovejoy & Foster. Stereoscopic Views 70 Leonard, Mrs. C. E., & Daughter. Feather Flowers 71 Leber, John. Imitation Flowers 72 Leckie, Franklin. Sign Painting 77 Lawrence, J. R., & Co. Paper Carpeting and Oil Cloth 78 Lighte, F. C., & Co. Pianos and Organs 89 Lyon & Healy. Pianos, Organs, etc _ 89 Lawrence, Dr. J. W. Dentistry 95 Lawrence, E. C, & Co. China, Crockery, etc 122 Lazell, Marsh & Gardener. Drugs, Extracts, Perfumery 137 Lehman, J. Pocket-books 137 Levy Brothers & Co. Imported Fancy Goods 137 Laflin & Rand Powder Company. Gunpowder 163 Lundy, R. L., & Son. Brick Machine. _ 178 Leavenworth, E. E. Stoves and Ranges 200 Lester, M. W., & F. Ranges, Furnaces, Stoves _ 200 Lochwood, J. F., & Co. Model Carburetor. _. 201 ro EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. PAGE Lissberger, H., & Co. Lead Pipe, etc. _ __ 201 Lagergren, Alfred. Model Ship " Baltic," 255 Lewis, Oliver and Phillips. Bolt Machinery, etc 263 Lerow, J. H., & Co. Blees Sewing Machine ___ _. 277 Lamb Knitting Machine Company, Machine, and Samples of Work 281 Merker Brothers. Fancy Goods -_ __ 137 Mendelson, G. Worsteds, etc _ 143 Munson & Co. Leather Belting . 153. Mc .\uley, Yoe & Co. Boots and Shoes _ 154 Morse, Mrs. M. Self-Fitting Dress Chart .... 154 Mackenzie, C. Hats and Caps --^- 154 . McCormick & Clark. Boots and Shoes 154 Murry & Baker. Water-proof Covers, etc 170 Morley, Wm. Clamps, etc. 170 McNeal & Urban. Safes, etc.. _. _ 201 Mallcry, M. Vat 202 McCoun & Co. Jones' Bells 202 Mitchell, Geo. Wire Work 203 Manning, W. K. Gas Burners 203 Mason, C, & Co. Castings 203 Morton, Hull & Co. Victor Scales 203 Moline Plow Company. Plows ..* 241 Mitchell, Lewis & Co. Wagons '. 242 McCormick, C. H., & Co. Reapers, etc 242 Manz, J. Engraving 68 Mosher, C. D. Photographs 70 Misch, Geo. A., & Bro. Fancy Glass Windows 73 Middleton, J. W. Blank Books, etc 78 Mason & H amlin Organ Company go Manasse, L. Optical Goods 96 Marsh & Bowles. Trusses, etc 96 Michigan School Furniture Company __ no Monzel, John. Furniture no Mueller & Gloeckner. Brackets, etc no Mason, Dr. O. L. Patent Lounge and Gate no, 243 Mayer, Frank, & Co. Bedsteads, etc in McDonough, Rice & Co. Lounges, etc in McClelland & Sage. Glass and Bottles :_. 123 Merrill, H. P.,& Co. Crockery, etc 123 Milligan, P. Glass Blowing : 123 Marvin, S. H. Splint Baskets 126 Mallinckrodt, G., & Co. Chemicals 137 Mann, Bell, & Co. Perfumery, etc 137 Mackey, Walker & Co. Machinery . 263 Moody, W. F. Machinery ._ 263 Marder, Luse & Co. Type, etc '. . 264 Miller, W. M. Wool 302 Nickel & Strassberger. Surveying Instruments __ 98 Northwestern Show-Case Manufacturing Company. Show-Cases ill Nesbett, James, & W. H. Jones. Patent Window Frame in National School Furniture Company. School and Church Furniture _. in Norris, B. F., & Co. Clocks, Jewelry, Silver Ware, etc '... 133 Novelty Manufacturing Company. Baby Carriages, etc. 154 Nutting, A. J. Clothing 154 Newman, Julius. Corsets and Hoop Skirts __. 154 Northern Pacific Railroad Company. Minerals 173 Northwestern Marble and Granite Company. Monuments, etc 179 Norton Brothers. Japanned Ware 204 INDEX TO EXHIBITORS. II PAGE Nevers & Co. Measuring Faucet 204 Nes. Silicon Steel Company. Steel Rails 205 N6rllnveslein H()r>e Nail Company. Horse Nails 205 North Chicago Rolling Mill Company. Iron Bars, etc. — 219 Nonotuck Silk Company. Spool Silk and Twist 225 National Watch Company. Miniature Watch Factory 265 Northwestern Inventor^' Exchange. Models 301 Ormsby, E. D. Photography 71 Ogle.^by, Barnitz & Co. l'aper-_ 78 Occidental Manufacturing Company, Baby Jumper 112 Ordway & Newland. Clothing 155 Ortmayer, Lewis & Co. House Furnishing Goods 170 Owen, Wm., & Son. Pulsometer. _ 271 Peltzer, Otto. Chicago Atlas 80 Prairie Farmer. Newspapers 84 Phillips, Dr. John. Optical Goods 98 Porttr, E. Payson. Type Writer 98 Polachek, M. Mathematical Goods 99 Patent Paper Safety Seat Company. Patent Paper 112 Prindle, C, S. Cabinet Billiard Tables 112 Payzant & Co. Tal)le Leaf Supporter 112 Parker & Til ton. Hats, Furs, etc 155 Pingree & Smith. Fine Shoes 155 Peck, Spencer H. Carpets, Curtains, etc 156 Peare, R. M., & Co. Rubber Goods, etc 157 Phelps, Dodge & Co. Boots and Shoes 157 Palmer, Lieut. G. H. Army Equipments 165 Providence Tool Company. Heavy Hardware, etc 206 Parkhurst & Wilkinson. Hardware, Wood Stock, etc 206 Pope, S. L Heaters, etc 207 Preston, E. B. Rubber Goods, etc 207 Page Bros. & Co. Boot and Shoe Machinery 266 Plumb, Burdick & Barnard. Bolt Forging Machine 266 Page, M. E., & Co. Confectionery- 294 Quigg, J. Freeman. Baby Swings 157 Rocher, H. Photography 71 Rider, B. L. Photography _ 71 Rosenthal, L. N. Fancy Card-boards ' 80 Rand, McNaUy & Co. Printers 81 Rock River Paper Company. Building Paper: 81 Reynolds & Reynolds. Patent Book Cover 81 Reed, A., & Sons. Pianos 90 Refrigerating Company of Chicago. Model 131 Roddin & Hamilton. Watches and Jewelry 133 Ryan, Justin. Soaps . 138 Rollins, A. W., & Co. Woolen and Cotton Goods 140 Remington, E., & Sons. Fire Arms 165 Ransom, S. H., & Co. Stoves 211 Roth. Jno. F. Patent Sash Balance 212 Robinson, E. H. Ruling Device . 212 Rathbone, Sard & Co. Stoves __. 213 Reese, Abram. Car Stove 213 Russell & Erwin Manufacturing Company. Door Trimmings 214 Roberts, C. E., & Co. Screws ._ 214 Rogers & Co. Wrought Iron Pipe, etc 214 Reynolds, C. T., & Co. Stove Polish 230 12 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. PAGE Ritchie, Hugh. Soaps , 231 Roper Caloric Engine Company. Caloric Engine 267 Remington Empire Sewing Machine Company. Sewing Machines _ 278 Reynolds, J. M., Concho Company. Shells and Corals 296 Rochester Machinery M'f g Company. Wood and Iron Working Machinery, 302 Sinclair Brothers, Ventilators 215 Starke, Wm. Bed Springs -. 215 Sterns & Coates. Health Lift __ 215 Sargent, Greenleaf & Brooks. Locks, etc 215 Scott, Geo. M. Bellows... 216 Sperry, D. A., &Co. Hollow Ware ._ 216 Sturges, Frank, & Co. Tinners' Goods, etc. _. 216 Spaulding, N. W., & Bro. Saws 217 Smith, Edward. Brass Castings 217 Sard & Foote. Patent Stove Furniture 221 Smith, J. Willard, & Co. Veneers, etc. 226 Strum, Adolph. Fancy Woods 226 Shipman, D. B. Paints, etc . 230 Schneider, E. Candles 230 Schoneman E., & Co. Stove Polish 230 Storer, Jacob J. Mining Machinery 231 Soule, Kretzinger & Co. Farming Tools 243 Springfield Manufacturing Company. Corn Planters 244 Sandwich Manufacturing Company. Corn Shellers 244 Severn, Thomas. Photography 71 Sanford Manufacturing Company. Inks, etc 82 Sheldon & Co. Books, etc 82 St. Louis Piano Company. Pianos _ 91 Story & Camp. Pianos and Organs _ 91 Schram Bros. & Co. Moldings, etc 114 Seng, W., & Co, Patent Lounge and Chair 114 Steph, Lanyard & Co. Wood Work 114 Sammons, Clark & Co. Moldings, etc 114 Sherwood School Furniture Company 115 Strong, W. W., Furniture Company. Fine Furniture 115 Shultz, John F. Self-waiting Table _. 115 Schaff Bros. Cylinder Desks 115 Stephani, Manheimer & Hart. Billiard Table 116 Scott & Ovingtoii Bros. China, etc 123 Starring, L. T. Decorated China , 124 Steele & Price. Baking Powder & Extracts. 138 Sargent, E. H. Surgical Instruments 138 Stein, Mrs. E. H. Fancy Goods 139 Serville Manufacturing Company. Sheet Metals, etc ._ 214 Stow, N. L. Wagon Material, etc L 214 Smith, C. H. Lightning Rods 214 Seymour, Morgan & Allen. Mower and Reaper 244 Superior Machine Company. Mining Machine 244 Silsby Manufacturing Company. Fire Engine 269 vSherrar & McGarigal. Washing Machine .__ 278 Sewing Machine Power Company 279 Star Tucker Company. Tuck Marker 279 Singer Sewing Machine Company 279 Sharp, W. H., & Co. Florence Sewing Machine. 280 State of Kansas. Farm Products 288 Sanders, Edgar. Flower Seeds, etc 284 Sheppard, W. T. Flowers, etc 290 Star Chemical Works. Chemicals, etc 194 Strickland, J. Birds, etc. 296 INDEX TO EXHIBITORS. 13 PAGE The Commercial Advertiser 75 Thomas, G. F., & Co. Decalcomanie 82 Truesdell, G. S., & Co. Mops 83 The New York Life Insurance Company 83 The Scientific Farmer 85 The Lakeside Monthly --- 85 Thompson, J. S., & Co. Fine Printing ._ 86 The Western Electric Manufacturing Company. Electric Instruments, etc.- loi The Bradley Window Company. Patent Window 116 The Stein Patent Burial Casket Company. Caskets 116 Terhune, M. Show-Cases 117 The Woven Wire Mattress Company. Matresses, etc 117 Treleaven, Walter. Gold Pens 134 Thayer, Henry, & Co. Drugs, etc 139 Tuell, Ripley & Deming. Flannels 142 Ticsworth, A. D. Clothing 158 Theim, Robert. Boots and Shoes 158 Tuttle & Sirtz. Coal 173 Tracey, J. L. Minerals 173 Teel, Andrew P. Roofing Slate 181 The Northwestern Gas and Water Pipe Company i8i The Schuremann & Hand Mantle Company 181 The Mechanics' Type Foundry. Printing Press 202 Tillotson Bros. & Co. Stoves and Ranges 217 Tenny & Potter. Stamps, Stencils, etc 217 The Corrugated Iron Company. Iron Work 217 Tibbals, Shirk & Whitehead. Stoves 218 The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company. Stove Polish 231 The Drake Rotary Fire Extinguisher Company. Engine 251 Thomas Barrows & Co, Victor Sewing Machines 272 The Weed Sewing Machine Company. Machines and Work.. 282 Trepry, Isaiah. Flowers, etc 2go The Alden Fruit Preserving Company 2yi Tansill, R. W.. & Co. Cigars 295 The Great American Brick Machine Company 303 Udell Ladder and Wooden Ware Company. Ladders 127 Ulbricht & Ross. Harness Tools . 172 United States Plaster Casting Company 182 Union Pacific Railroad Land Department 288 Vandercook & Co. Wood Engraving 69 Valentine, P. P., & Co. Metal Moulding, etc 127 Van Cott, A. B., & Co. Watches, Jewelry, etc. 134 Vanderburg, A.C., & Co. Perfumes, etc, , 139 Vergho, Ruhling & Co. Toys and Fancy Goods 158 Vogler & Geudtner. Trunks and Traveling Bags 159 Van Schaack, H. C. Stoves, Ranges, etc 224 Vant, Cook & Co. Corn Sheller and Cleaner 267 Vicks, James. Gladiolas 390 Western Bank Note Company. Steel Engraving 6g White & Brayley. Li thography 69 Waters & Co. " Our Fireside Friend " . 86 Wing, J. M., & Co. " Land Owner"... , 86 Winebrener, Marshall H. Dentistry 96 White. Samuel S. Dental Instruments, etc 97 Whipple, C. H. Folding Mattress 118 Wilson Adjustable Chair Company, Chairs 118 14 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. PAGE Whittlesey & Peters. Woven Wire Mattress ii8 Wilson/ I'ierce & Co. Adjustable Weather Guards and Chair iig Wilder, James D. Liquid Slating I2I Wolcott, Smith & Co. Glass, Paints, etc 124 Wheeler, H. N., & Co. Chandeliers, etc 124 White Manufacturing Company. Safety Lamp 124 Way's Lever Wringer Company. Clothes Wringers ' . 127 Woods, Sherwood & Co. Wire Goods, etc. 128 White, J. F. & J. E. Wooden and Willow Ware __.. 128 Wendell & Hyman. Silver Ware, etc. 134 Western Cutlery Company. Cutlery, etc ._ 135 Wadhams, A. S., & Co. Masonic Goods . 143 Walker, Oakley & Co. Leather 159 Wilde, Bluett. & Co. Clothing and Furnishing Goods 159 Warner, Marston & Felix. Willow Ware, etc 159 Wakefield, Cyrus. Button Goods 159 Webster, D., & Co. Millinery, etc 160 Wells, M. D., cS: Co, Boots & Shoes.. 160 Wetherell, H. W. Millinery Goods 160 Wiswall, A. A. Boots and Shoes 160 Wilson Brothers, Gent.'s Furnishing Goods ._ 160 Wayte, John. Shirts and Home Laundry Work 161 Webber & Harkin. The " Berlin Shirt," etc ■ 161 Whitehouse, J. J. Dupont's Powder . 166 Waldron, Niblock & Co, Coal 173 Wright, Timothy, & Co. Artificial Sandstone 182 Wollensack, J. F. Locks, Bells, etc 218 Westfield Lock Works. Locks, Latches, etc 219 Wakefield Earth Closet Company. Earth Closet 219 Wyandotte Rolling Mill Company. Rails, Bar Iron, etc 219 Wilson & Granden. Oil Cans and Tanks 220 Warren Bros. Center Pieces for Ceilings 220 Wade, J. J. Gas Fixtures, etc 221 Wayne, J. L., & Son. Hardware, etc 221 Wilcox, W. W. Baggage Checks, etc 222 Wilks, Stephen. Car and Hotel Ranges 222 Winne, A. L., & Co. Steam Heating Apparatus 222 Wolf, L. Copper and Brass Works 223 Wallon, C. C, & Sons, Sole and Harness Leather 227 Warder, Mitchell & Co. Mowers and Reapers 245 Walter A, Wood Mowing and Reaping Machine Company 246 Woodmanse, H, Automatic Wind Engine: 247 Williams & Orton Manufacturing Company. Pulleys, etc. 256 Wiley & Russell. Bolt Cutters 256 Walworth, Brooks & Co. Steam Pumps, etc 267 Wilson Sewing Machine Company. Sewing Machines and Work 280 Wilcox & Gibbs Sewing Machine Company. Sewing Machines 282 Weary, Frank O. Casters .. 283 White Elk Vineyards. Wines ^ 295 Wehle, A., & Co.. Cigars 295 Young- Men's Christian Association , . 87 Zeese, A., & Co, Electrotypers „ 87 Zella, A. Billiard Table 121 Zaremba, Dr. Chas. W. Wine of Boldo ,. _ , 295 Inj^roburfiom ISTORY tells us of not a city since the world began, that has taken such a leading place in the commerce of the world, in so short a time, as has the City of Chicago — and it is entirely unnecessary to add how much of this is due to its many eminent merchants and manufacturers, those who have, by untiring industry and a strict atten- tion to their affairs, enlarged their business and increased their stock, until the palatial warehouses, reared as monuments to their enter- prise, were filled with innumerable goods of value and artistic beauty, not only from our own country but from many foreign ones. The business men of Chicago have the deserved reputation, both at home and abroad, of being men of extraordinary business capacity, judgment and enterprise, and in the rearing of the immense Exposition Building in the short space of ninety days, Chicago has shown enter- prise unparalleled throughout the world, and our city stands to-day pre-eminently forth without a rival as the wonder and marvel of the age. Upon the following pages we propose to spread before our readers a brief history of Chicago from 1795 to the present time, with inter- esting statistical matter of her merchants and manufacturers ; also a complete and official record of the Inter-State Industrial Exposition i6 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, from its inception to its close, naming each exhibitor, and giving an extended description of the goods exhibited. Well knowing the great value of this work, and the importance of its reliability, the data, etc., from which it has been compiled, has all been gotten directly from official and reliable sources, and it is with mingled pride and pleasure that the publishers place the same before you for your consideration and, we trust, approval, well knowing that neither time, care nor expense have been spared to make this work one that may be referred to in after years as a Souvenir of Chicago and her Great Exposition of 1873. If such be the casCj our object will have been attained. I?isforiral( jSl^pfrf of (Jlirago^ ICHARD COBDEN, it is said, once remarked that no man ought to die without visiting America, to see Niagara and Chicago. The city of Chicago has been regarded as one of the marvels of the age. Her rapid growth and her stately magnificence have been the astonishment of the world. Her early history, when contrasted with her wealth and grandeur at the present time, becomes of peculiar interest. Chicago is situated near the head of Lake Michigan, and has an ele- vation of five hundred and ninety-one feet above the sea. It is situ- ated upon both sides of the Chicago river, a slow stream, which, at a point little over half a mile from the mouth, is formed by the junc- tion of two streams or branches, one flowing from the northwest and the other from the southwest. The river and branches divide the city into three natural parts, legally known as the South, North and West Divisions. The South Division includes all the territory east of the south branch and south of the main river. The North Divis- ion includes the area east of the north branch and north of the river ; while the West Division includes all that part of the city west of the two branches. From 1681 to 1795, during the time of the French possession, and after its cession to England, very little is known of Chicago or the surrounding country. After the declaration of peace between the Colonists and the English, the latter, by intrigue, stirred up the border Indian warfare, which became general in the Western States, and continued until 1795, at which period, having been effect- 1 8 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. ually^ chastised by General Wayne, the chiefs of the several tribes of Indians, by his invitation, assembled at Greenville, Ohio, and there effected a treaty of peace, which closed the War of the West. Among the numerous small tracts of land where forts and trading- posts had been established, then ceded by the Indians to the United States, was one described as follows : One piece of land, six miles square, at the mouth of the Chikajo river, emptying into the south- ^ west end of Lake Michigan, where a fort formerly stood. Here we have an account of the first land trade of Chicago — the first tran- saction in that line of business which has at times distinguished Chi- cago above every other city of the nation — the first link in the chain of title to thousands upon thousands of transfers that have been made of the soil thus parted with by the Indians. When the first settlers of Chicago began to congregate and erect their cabins, with the view of forming the nucleus of a town, the point selected as the most available for village purposes was the tract on the West side, at the junction of the north and south branches, .and at first called Wolf's Point. In addition to the few buildings that ^were standing in 1818, we have only to mention this group at Wolf's Point, two or three buildings on the south side, between the point ..and the fort, and the Miller House, on the north side. The Miller House stood on the point of land between the north .branch and the main channel. It was a log structure partly sided, .and was erected by Mr. Samuel Miller, who resided here with his family and a brother by the name of John Miller. This house was .used as a tavern. A little above its mouth on the north branch, was .a log bridge, which gave access from that quarter to the business of the agency, and the little trade which may have continued up to this time on the north branch. But the center of attraction was at Wolf's Point, opposite the Mil- ler House. Here, too, was another tavern, the public house, par excellence, of Chicago — the schoolhouse and church, as well as the store. On the south side, the most prominent object of interest was the tavern kept by Mr. Elijah Wentworth, a man familiarly known as " Old Geese," not as a burlesque on the worthy landlord, but as a compliment to his distinctive and original character. This building was partly log and partly frame, and was situated on the ground north of Lake Street Bridge, now occupied as a lumber-yard. North of .this tavern was an oblong building, which had been erected by Father Walker, a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, for a place HISTORICAL SKETCH 19 of worship and for a school-house. Mr. Walker had at times minis- tered to the spiritual wants of the settlement from this rude temple. Mr. W. had a residence in the country, known as Walker's, which distinguished the locality at that time, which is now Plainfield, Will county. This log tabernacle was the meeting-house of the town. Mr. See, who, it seems, was the local preacher or exhorter, and who resided at the Point, was the supply Avhich was most generally afforded. Preaching was upon a par with other callings and employments of the place. Mr. Wentworth's tavern was the best one kept in Chi- cago. It was the place where men of character who visited the town always stopped. It was the headquarters of Gen. Scott, when he came to Chicago with the troops'for the Black Hawk War, in 1832. The distinctive name of this celebrated tavern, as familiarly used by all the settlers, was "Rat Castle," in contrast with its rival in distinc- tion on the north side, "Cobweb Castle," and in commemoration of a large class of regular boarders that infested its premises, as well as every other cabin on the river shore. Next south of Wentworth's tavern was the residence of James Kinzie. Next to these were log cabins in which resided Alexander Robin- son, and here occasionally resided Billy Caldwell, whose wife was the wild daughter of an Indian chief, and her presence did not always hallow his wigwam with the sanctity of peace. Still further south of these was the store-house of Mr. Robert A. Kinzie, son of Mr. John Kinzie, who had succeeded his father in the Indian trade, and his stock consisted of groceries, Indian goods and supplies for the settlers, and was the store of the village as essentially as Went- worth's was the village tavern. Across the south branch, on the west side, resided Mark Beaubien, brother of Gen. J. B. Beaubien, who also kept a tavern. In 183 1, his establishment had risen to a two-story dwelling, painted, with green blinds, and soon attained to the title of the Saganash Hotel — which was the Indian name of Billy Caldwell — and so called in honor of that distinguished chief and man of the times, for he was then one of the prominent residents of Chicago. It stood near what is now the southeast corner of Lake and Market streets. By this time there had been a place of amusement started in a little, low, log shanty, where was set up a billiard table, at which citizens of leisure amused themselves in knocking about three cracked balls. Further up the south branch was the residence of a French Indian trader by the name of Bourissa. In the South Division, near the " slough" that drained the marshes of the south side, and emptied 20 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. into the river at State street, was the trading-house of Medert Beau- bien — son of Col. Beaubien — a cabin of small pretensions. Upon the lake shore, a little distance south of the fort. Col. Beaubien resided in the cabin which he had purchased of the American Fur Company, in 1817 — which he had elevated to the dignity of a home- stead, and which was now familiarly known among the settlers by the name of the " Wigwam." Near this residence was his store, in which the American Fur Company kept a stock of goods for the Indian trade. Further south, the old Dean House had started on the way to ruin ; the water of the lake had gradually encroached upon the shore until it had undermined the foundations of the cabin, and it had fallen backward down the bank, where it lay, a type of ruin, an emblem, in the estimation of the croaker (who existed at that time, as well as the present), of the future of Chicago. Another settler about this time had taken up his residence in the suburbs, to be rated with the other " outside settlers " who had linked their fortunes with Chicago, for better or worse — and this was Dr. Harmon, the father of Isaac D. Harmon, who had made a claim a mile and a half south, on the lake shore, on the site of the Indian battle-ground of 181 2, and was making a fine improvement there. This was the place since known as Clark's, the site of which is now occupied by some of the finest residences in Chicago. In the year 1804, the United States erected Fort Dearborn upon the south bank of the river,- just east of the present Michigan avenue. Mr. Kinzie and his son John H., Indian traders, were the only white residents until the war of 181 2, when the post was abandoned. The small garrison, in attempting to escape, were captured by the Potta- watomies, and massacred at a point now represented by Twelfth street and Michigan avenue. In 1816 the fort was rebuilt, and the Kinzies returned, and the fort served for many years as a resting-place for emigrants passing to the west. The inhabitants did not exceed half a dozen families until, in 1827, Congress made a grant of land to aid in the construction of a canal to connect the waters of Lake Michigan with those of the Illinois river. In 1829 the State Legislature ap- pointed a commission to mark out the route of , the canal, and a sur- veyor arrived to mark out the town. Besides the garrison, at that time there were eight families, engaged mostly as Indian traders, in the place. Gov. Bond, the first Governor of Illinois, in his inaugural, in 1 8 18, called the attention of the General Assembly to the import- HISTORICAL SKETCH. 21 ance of opening a canal to connect Lake Michigan with the Illinois river. In his valedictory, in 1822, he again urged its importance. The session of Congress, 182 1-2, passed an Act granting " permission to the State of Illinois to cut a canal through the public lands con- necting the Illinois river with Lake Michigan, and granting to it the breadth ol^the canal and ninety feet on each side of it," coupled with the condition "that the State should permit all articles belonging to the United States, or any person in their employ, to pass toll free forever." With a hard and protracted struggle by numerous individuals, and especially by Daniel P. Cook, Esq., who was at that time Represen- tative in Congress, and from whom Cook county was named, an Act was passed by Congress, March 2d, 1827, granting to the State for the construction of this work, "each alternate section of land, five miles in width, on each side of the proposed canal." We make mention of these facts because it was from this Act of Congress the State acquired the title to those lands which have formed the basis for many of its most important financial transactions ; from which originated the titles to the valuable canal lands on which a large portion of the city is built — on which, too, villages, towns and cities have sprung up all along its line. In the autumn of 1829, commissioners authorized the laying-out of the " Town of Chicago," on the alternate section which belonged to'the canal lands — lying upon the main channel of the river, and over the junction of the two branches. The first map of the original town of Chicago, by James Thompson, bears date August 4th, 1830. This was the fij^st hegimiing of Chicago as a legally recognized place among the towns and cities of the world — the first official act of organization, which must accordingly be dated as its birth, or real starting-point, and the town was comprised within the limits of what are now known as Madison, State, Kinzie and Halsted streets, or about three-eights of a square mile. Hence this city, with a population of nearly 500,000 — the leading mart in the world for grain, pork, lumber — arrived on the 4th day of August, 1873, at the precocious maturity of forty- three years. In 1831 Cook county was organized, embracing, in ad- dition to the present county, the territory which is now known by five other large and populous counties. The prospective work on the canal was attracting population, but, in 1832, the cholera visited the incipient city, and was very severe. In 1832, the first public re- ligious worship was held in a log hut erected for that purpose. The 22 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. tax-list for 1832 amounted to $148.29. Lake street was laid out the same year. In 1833 the settlement had increased enough to have a post-office, a postmaster and a weekly mail ; and late in the year» the Chicago Democrat^ a weekly paper, was started by John Calhoun. On the loth of August, the voters of Chicago held an election to de- termine whether they would become incorporated, and to' elect trus- tees. Everyman voted, and the number of voters was twenty-eight, many of whom are now living ; and the levy for city taxes in 1834 was $48.90. In 1834 the number of voters had increased to one hundred and eleven, and a loan of %6o was negotiated for public im- provements. In 1835 the number of the voters was two hundred and eleven. In 1836 the town applied to the State Bank for a loan of $25,000, and was refused. In 1837 the Legislature incorporated the city of Chicago, and in May following the Hon. William B. Ogden was elected Mayor of Chicago. Thus, on the first Tuesday in May, 1837, thirty-six years ago, com- menced the city of Chicago, which then contained a population of 4,179. The following is a statement of the population of Chicago, for each year since that time : Year. Population. 1837 4,179 1838. 4,OCM3 1839 4,2CO 1840 4,470 I84I 5,500 1842 6,590 1843 7,580 1844 8,000 1845 12,088 1846 ,_ 14 169 1847 16,859 1848 ._ 20,023 1 849 23,047 1850 28,269 185 J 34000 1852 38,734 1853 .60,662 Year. Population. 1854 65,872 1855 80,023 1856 86,000 1857 --- 93.000 1858 not taken 1859 90,000 i860 109,263 1861 120,000 1862 137,030 1863 150,000 1864 161,288 1865 . 187,446 1866 ...--200,000 1867 220,000 1868 242,383 1870 298,977 1871 ..334,270 At the present timie (1874) the population is fully 450,000 This has been the extraordinary growth of this wonderful city. The natural line of the site of Chicago was but a few feet above that of the lake, and there was no drainage, and in seasons of rain the surface was covered with water. In the winter of 1855-6 the HISTORICAL SKETCH. 23 city ordered a change of grade, raising the height of the carriage- ways an average of eight feet. This placed the lower or ground story of each building several feet below the level of the street; but the inconvenience was rapidly overcome by raising all the buildings — brick, stone and wood — up to the level. All the large buildings, including many hotels, business blocks, warehouses, etc., were raised, by means of screws, from their foundations a height of from six to ten feet, and new foundations built under them. This secured deep, dry cellars, and admitted a thorough system of sewerage. The city ordered an effective dredging of the harbor, and the clay thus obtained served to fill the streets to the new grade. For several years, while this process was going on, the passage of Chicago streets was a work of trying difficulty to pedestrians. The expense was great, but was cheerfully borne by the property-holders. Then com- menced the works of permanent improvement in the city, and how far they had progressed may have been seen before the great fire, and is again apparent since her re-building. Probably no city in the world has so wonderful a record as has Chicago, and the great conflagration of October, 1871, which almost entirely obliterated the city — from which but few cities would have recovered in a cen- tury — only seemed to demonstrate the indomitable energy with which Chicagoans are possessed ; for although but two years have passed, we again find Chicago shining with redoubled splendor, and eclipsing her palmiest days. Where stool wood and brick when the city was destroyed, now are reared stately commercial palaces of marble and stone. As improbable as this history may appear, yet nevertheless it is the fact and demonstrates the adage that " truth is stranger than fiction," and serves well to illustrate to all the world that Chicago is (as she is properly termed) "a wonderful city." @$p ^fj^Qsifion. HE conception of the Great Exposition of 1873 may be said to date as far back as 1869, when an organization was formed under the name of the " Northwestern Mechanical and Agricultural Association," having in ultimate view, the holding of an Inter-State Industrial Fair, but it was found that nothing could be done at that time towards bringing about the desired effect, and the project was passed over tempora- rily ; and, although many fruitless efforts were made from that time up to the great fire in October, 1871, yet nothing like an organization with the desired view in end could be effected. Then came the mem- orable conflagration, and all previous thoughts of the Exposition were banished in the contemplation of the smoking ruins ; but after a brief period of down-heartedness, the work of reconstruction began, and while this work was in its first heat and force there was no time fo think of anything else ; all minds and energies were engrossed in the contemplation of the systematic piling of brick and stone. Not many months had elapsed before it became evident that no fears need be entertained as to the resurrection of the city, and then it was that the enterprising minds turned to something else, and among other things, came up, like Banquo's ghost, the favorite topic of the Expo- sition ; and in June, 1872, several gentlemen, including John B. Drake, Geo. S. Bowen and John Irving Pearce, the last three leading mem- bers of the present enterprise, got their license for a corporation " to establish a permanent institution in the way of an Industrial Fair, etc.'* The capital stock was fixed at $50,000, but the money was not forth- THE EXPOSITION. . 25 coming, and the matter was held in abeyance, to be carried out at some future day. Thus ended the Industrial Exposition scheme for the time being — not dead, but sleeping. In February of the pres- ent year, the matter was revived by Mr. Bowen. Several meetings were held at various places in the city, but still no nearer the con- summation of the all-absorbing topic, apparently, than before. Finally, at an adjourned meeting, held at the Sherman House, the last of February, of this year, Mr. H. H. Taylor offered the following reso- lutions, which were adopted : Resolved, That it is the sense of this committee that a great Inter-State Indus- trial Exhibition shall be held in the city of Chicago during the coming fall, com- mencing on or about September 15, and continuing four or more weeks. Resolved, That the main object of the Exposition should be to exhibit in syste- matic arrangement, in one immense collection, the products of all kinds of mechan- ical, artistic, and industrial skill and labor, including the products of manufacturers, mines, inventions, agriculture, horticulture, painting, sculpture, and all the trades and arts, together with the raw and wrought materials of commerce in all forms. Resolved, That while the main object of the Exposition should be as above, the management should also provide amply for musical and other popular entertain- ments, and also cordially co-operate with any respectable auxiliary association that may undertake to inaugu.rate a grand live-stock exhibition, to be held in the vicinity of Chicago during the term of the Exposition. Resolved, That the Exposition should be national and metropolitan in its scope ; that the people of all States and all countries be cordially invited to contribute articles for exhibition in every department, and that our friends from abroad be assured of a warm welcome, hospitable entertainment, and equal facilities in every respect. Resolved, That, in the opinion of this Committee, the most eligible location for such an Exposition is that portion of the Lake Park situated north of Congress street, the same being in the great Burned District, near the heart of the city, near the central termini of all the street-car and omnibus lines, as well as within from two to ten minutes' walk of all the principal hotels, and all the railway depots and steamboat landings of the city. Resolved, That such location on the Lake Front will be equally accessible from all divisions and suburbs of the city, and thus promote the comfort and convenience alike of citizens and visitors from abroad, and especially render feasible the giving of evening entertainments, thus not only enlarging the sources of revenue, but ena- bling the business man, the mechanic, the clerk, the laboring man, and their fami- lies, comprising more than nine-tenths of the population of the city and its suburbs, to enjoy the advantages of the Exposition and attend the entertainments, evening after evening, at little or no cost for transportation, and without infringing on the hours of labor or business, and interrupting the city's industries. Resolved, That, in the opinion of this Committee, the increased receipts resulting from such accessible central location of the Exposition, with its attendant advan-' tages for evening exhibitions, musical and other entertainments, regardless of inclem- 26 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. ent weather, will be more than equivalent to the whole cost of erecting even tem- porary, but ample and attractive buildings, certainly after allowing for the remain- ing value of materials after use therein. Resolved, That while a permanent Annual Exposition in Chicago is extremely desirable, and it is expected that such an institution will be the natural outgrowth of a successful result of the present enterprise, it is feared that there now remains insufficient time to consider and dispose of rival schemes, to raise sufficient capital for adequate, permanent buildings, and to erect the same in localities on the out- skirts of the city, and that such an attempt at this time would jeopardize the holding of an Exposition this year at alj. Resolved, That a mass meeting of the citizens of Chicago be called, for the even- ing of Saturday, the 8th inst., at the Chamber of Commerce, or other suitable place, to subscribe a guarantee capital of $150,000, conditioned that no part of the sub- scription shall be called in until two-thirds of the amount is subscribed, nor until the city authorities shall have granted the free use of the Lake Park until the 1st of January next, and conditioned also that, as soon as two-thirds of the capital is sub- scribed, the stockholders shall be duly called together for permanent organization, and to elect a President, a Board of Directors, or Commissioners, and such other officers as they may deem necessary to carry out their wishes. From this time forward the good work went bravely on, and it was beyond peradventure of a doubt that Chicago would soon realize her fondest hope. At the adjourned meeting held, in the Board of Trade hall, the Hon. John P. Reynolds, now the valued secretary of the enterprise, was called to the chair. After remarks from many prominent gentle- men present, including His Honor, Mayor Medill, Mr. R. T. Crane offered the following : Resolved, That the amount of capital stock of the Inter-State Industrial Exposi- tion shall be $150,000, in shares of $100 each. Resolved, That there may be the fullest co-operation of the entire city, $50,000 of the stock is appropriated to each of the three divisions, but only $35,000 in each division will be subscribed for the present ; the subscription books will be kept open tp the residents of each division only from March 10 to March 15, inclusive ; no one person, firm, or company will be allowed to take more than ten shares of the stock during such period; on and after March 17 the books will be open to the citizens generally, who may then subscribe for as many shares as they please, until the whole $105,000 is taken ; the remainder, $45,000, to be subscribed for as required ; no sub- scription to be binding until the $105,000 is subscribed for in full. Resolved, That a committee of nine be appointed to superintend the matter of soliciting subscriptions, three from each division of the city ; such committee shall also take the necessary steps to perfect the incorporation of said Exposition Com- pany under the laws of Illinois. Resolved, That those persons who did reside in the burnt district, and who con- template removing to their former places of residence, are considered, for the pur- pose of subscription, as residents of the Division in which they formei'ly lived. THE EXPOSITION. 27 Resolved, That the above named committee shall consist of the following gentle- men : North Division, J. T. Ryerson, A. C. Hesing, W. K. Nixon ; South Division, N. S. TJouton, y. W. Harvey, Jacob Rosenberg; West Division, E. A. Bishop, D. W. Whittle, Peter Schuttler. Resolved, That it is the sense of this meeting that the recommendation of the Committee of Twelve is not only feasible, but highly desirable, and, if properly car- ried out, will prove of immense benefit to the city and profitable to the stockholders, as similar enterprises have proved elsewhere. Resolved, That an association shall at once be formed for the purpose specified in the Committee's report, and that its name shall be " The Inter-State Industrial Exposition of Chicago." From these resolutions, which were unanimously adopted, it will be seen that to Mr. Crane belongs the honor of "christening " the enter- prise. The ball was now open in good earnest, and the work in the hands of men in every way qualified for the labors they had taken upon themselves. The next meeting was held on March 10 in the Staats-Zeitung building, at which time and place the committee on organization met, and, on motion of Major Whittle, the following additional resolutions were adopted: Resolved, That subscriptions taken under the resolutions as read shall not be called for until the proper authority has been granted by the City Council for the free use of the grounds on the lake front on which to erect the Exposition building ; and be it further Resolved, That no one call shall exceed twenty-five per cent, of the amount sub- sci-ibed, and that not less than thirty days shall elapse between each call. The following address to our citizens was then submitted : We, the undersigned, were appointed by a public meeting, held in the Board of Trade rooms on Saturday, evening, March 8, to solicit subscriptions to the capital stock of the Inter-State Industrial Exposition of Chicago. The object of this en- terprise is mainly to hold a grand exposition during the next fall in celebration of the anniversary of the fire. It is expected that musical and other entertainments will be added. There is no question but that this enterprise, if properly conducted and thoroughly indorsed by the masses of our people, will prove a great success, es- pecially so when we take into consideration the following facts : First. — The favorable location of Chicago for such an Exposition, and the location in the city — the lake front having been decided upon as the place to erect the building. Second. — The immense hotel accommodations Chicago affords. Third. — The great desire there is undoubtedly entertained by people throughout the entire country to see the new Chicago, which, by fall, will be in a superb condi- tion for inspection. From the experience of similar enterpi-ises in other cities, we have no hesitation in saying that the stock will prove a profitable investment. Fotirth. — This movement will prove of vast benefit to the whole people, as it will afford a cheap and profitable amusement that cannot fail to elevate the working 28 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. classes. It is hoped that it will result in a permanent organization, which will give us an exposition each year. Fifth.— '^0. are gratified to represent a movement which shows upon its face that it is not gotten up in the interest of a real estate "ring," as all the people have the privilege of subscribing to the stock, which will secure to them all the benefits to be derived from the enterprise. We will add that in our view, should the citizens fail to take advantage of this most auspicious time for a grand Exposition, that cannot fail to prove of immense value to the city, they will certainly regret it, and it will be looked upon as an evi- dence that our people are not keeping up that spirit of enterprise for which they have become so noted. A. C. Hesing, Jacob Rosenberg, W. K. Nixon, E. A. Bishop, Joel D. Harvey, D. W. Whittle, N. S. BouTON, Peter Schuttler, T. W. Harvey. The following sub-committees were then appointed : Banks. — J. Irving Pearce, Third National ; Ira Holmes, Manufacturers' National Bank. Wholesale Dry Goods. — L. Z, Leiter, of Field, Leiter & Co.; Shaw, of Shaw, Winslow & Co. Boots and Shoes. — C. M. Henderson, William E. Doggett. Rolling Mills.— O. W. Porter, A. B, Meeker. Railroads and Express Co7npanies. — H. A, Sargent, Charles Fargo, United States Express company. Wholesale Clothing. — H, W. King, Louis Wanipold. Hardivare, Iro7t Merchants and Founders. — W. G. Hibbard, William Blair. Wholesale Druggists, Faints and Oils. — Frank Milligan, Horace A. Hurlbut. Furniture. — W. W. Strong, A. L. Hale. Carpets and House Furnishing. — E. F. Hollister, John H. Allen. Real Estate. — H. H. Honore, Col. Pierce. Hides and leather. — L. B. Sidway, C. E. Page. Groceries. — H. B. Rand, Charles Coryell, of Day, Allen & Co. Hotels. — David Gage, F. B. Gardner. Jetvelry.-— B. S. Pike, W. B. Giles. Crockery and Notions. — Ira Bowen, Adolph Ruhling. Books, Stationery and Paper. — A. B. Cook, H. Z. Culver, of Culver, Page & Hoyne. Places of Amusement. — J. H, McVicker, R. M, Hooley. Distillers and Wholesale Liquors. — Henry H. Shufeldt, Edward McQuade. Brewers. — Alderman McEvoy, Alderman Schmidt. Commission Merchattts. — Charles Randolph, W. F. Tompkins. Manufacturers and Dealers in Lumber. — T. W. Harvey, A. G. VanSchaack, for the lumber districts on the South Side ; R. T. Crane and Peter Schuttler, for manu- facturers and the lumber dealers on the North Side. THE EXPOSITION. ' 29 On Saturday,^March 15, another meeting was held, and it was found that 475 shares of the stock had already been taken, and that the prospect of getting the required amount at an early day was more promising than had been anticipated. The next move was the selec- tion of the site, and in this much difficulty was experienced. The next meeting held was on the 20th, when it was ascertained that 800 of the 1,500 shares of stock had been taken. At this meeting a committee of three was appointed, technically known as the Com- mittee on Location, whose duty it^was to overcome any existing diffi- culty, if possible, regarding the site for the building on the lake front". This committee obtained the full consent of all the property holders, and nothing now remained but the passage of a resolution by the Common Council allowing the use of the ground. This was done on the 28th of April, and thus was the perplexing point of location definitely settled. On the 27th of March, the Committee published a long appeal to the citizens, reciting the resolutions adopted at the meeting on the 8th, and giving the names of the subscribers up to that date. They said : The time having expired within which were limited subscription to ten shares, the balance of the stock is now open to the public at large, and it is to be hoped that those who have been backward hitherto will at once come forward and close up the list, so as to enable the Committee to go to work putting up the building, notifying manufacturers and other probable exhibitors, and preparing for the grand event. An Exposition of such a character as the Committee propose cannot fail of being a great benefit to our city and the public at large. The following resolutions embrace their ideas, and it is for those who subscribe to the stock to modify or re-arrange the plan thus presented, if necessary for the general good : The gentlemen whose names are subjoined have so far identified themselves with the movement, and are further prepared to aid in pushing the work to ultimate suc- cess. The Committee feel that the stock should be divided up among the citizens gene- rally, and not be monopolized by a few, even though these few should subscribe purely on the ground of public interest. This is a Chicago enterprise, for the bene- fit of the whole city, and every citizen whose interests are permanently here. There- foi-e, all should unite and contribute, so far as their means will allow, towards making the event worthy of our name and history. The money thus contributed will not be a simple gratuity, but an investment which will pay a large dividend, not only in money, but in the resulting increase of business, the establishment of new lines of trade and manufacture, and the increase in existing values of property. Let every live Chicago man add his name to the list of subscribers to Chicago's Grand Intei--State Industrial Exposition. 30 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. At the next meeting, which was held on the 29th, Secretary Nolan reported that stock to the anriount of $105,000 had been subscribed, being a sufficient amount to warrant the completion of the organiza- tion, which up to that time, had been provisional or temporary. Owing to the new Constitution, the originators of the enterprise were unable to procure a special charter, and therefore organized under the general law concerning corporations, which requires that when any number of persons, not more than seven nor less than three, propose to form a corporation, they must send to the Secretary of State a statement of the name of the proposed corporation, its object, etc., whereupon that officer issues these persons a license as Commissioners to open books for subscription to the capital stock. Application for this license was made March 17. It was granted March 18, and received here March 20. The law further provides that when the stock has been subscribed, the Commissioners shall convene a meeting for the election of Directors. Thereupon, upon hearing the Secretary's statement, the meeting of the Temporary Directors adjourned, and a meeting of the Commis- sioners, authorized by the act of incorporation to form the Inter- State Association, was organized. They were W. K. Nixon, A. E. Bishop, Ja<:ob Rosenberg, N. S. Bouton, J. D. Harvey, D. W. Whit- tle, and A. C. Hesing. The latter was chosen Chairman, and Major Whittle, Secretary, and a meeting of the stockholders was called for April 10, in order to elect a Board of Directors and complete the organization. On the loth of April the stockholders held their first meeting in the Common Council Chamber. Gen. Chetlain presided, and after some discussion a motion to elect twenty-five Directors was' agreed to ; and a committee, after due consultation, reported the following named out of a printed list of a hundred: T. M. Avery, N. S. Bou- ton, R. T. Crane, George W. Lyon, W. F. Coolbaugh, J. Irving Pearce, Charles Fargo, W. E. Doggett, John B. Drake, C. Furst, Marshall Field, the Hon. Charles B. Farwell, N. K. Fairbank, David Gage, T. W. Harvey, Wirt Dexter, T. B. Bryan, George S. Bowen, the Hon. Joseph Medill, A. C. Hesing, George H. Laflin, John P. Reynolds, Potter Palmer, H. H. Taylor, Jacob Rosenberg. The report of the Committee was confirmed by a vote of 73 to 7. The organization was now legally perfected, and had only to select its officers and commence the work before it. The following day the Board of Directors met at the new Sherman THE EXPOSITION. 3 1 House, and Messrs. Ilesing, Laflin, Crane, Palmer, and Reynolds were appointed a committee to nominate permanent officers. This they did at a meeting held on the 24th, when they made the follow- ing report, which was adopted : President — Potter Palmer. Vice Presidents — The Plon. Joseph Medill, the Hon. W. F. Coolbaugh, Jacob Rosenberg, N. K. Fairbank, C. B. Farwell. Secretary — The Hon. John P. Reynolds. Treasiner — J. Irving Pearce. Executive Connnittee — N. S. Bouton, Chairman, George S. Bowen, R. T. Crane, George H. Laflin, T. W. Harvey, David A. Gage, Potter Palmer, Edwin Lee Brown, H. H.Taylor, John B. Drake. The selection of these gentlemen was judicious and praiseworthy, Mr. Reynolds having had many years experience in State Fairs, etc., and possessing great qualities as an organizer, while the gentlemen composing the Executive Committee, on whom rested the greater part of the work, were among Chicago's most trusted and experienced business men ; and to them the success of the Exposition is undoubt- edly due. Upon the succeeding pages will be found correct illustra- tions of the Officers and Executive Committee. The Directors met again on the 2d, but no quorum being present, adjourned to the following day, when all were present, and the By- Laws were adopted. T. M. Avery resigned and Edwin Lee Brown was elected to fill the vacancy. Mr. Coolbaugh offered the following resolution, which was adopted : Resolved, That the Executive Committee be, and they are hereby, instructed to proceed without delay and take sucli measures as may be necessary to secure the construction of the necessary buildings for the Exposition to be held during the coming fall, and that they are authorized to make such contracts and incur such ex- penses as may be proper. The Executive Committee having now been entrusted with full power, proceeded to provide for the erection of the building. W. W. Boyington, the popular architect, whose interest was manifested in the enterprise at its first inception, had long before prepared a plan for a structure, which he afterwards remodeled to adapt it to the site obtained. The plan provided for a building between Monroe and Jackson streets, of 800 feet by 200 feet, and Mr. Boyington's plan was adopted. A full description in detail of the building will be found upon succeeding pages. The Executive Committee reported their action at a meeting of the 32 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. Board of Directors, held on the loth of June, and stated further that bids had been advertised for the work to the amount of $198,323, and that in part payment the contractors would take $50,000 in stock, which was then beginning to become popular, or would wait for that sum till the receipts from the Exposition began to come in. An ad- ditional sum of money would be needed to cover plumbing, gas- fitting, sewerage, etc. Since the capital stock amounted to only $150,000, which was plainly insufficient to cover the cost of the building, Mr. N. C. Fair- bank, of the Finance Committee, moved that the necessary steps be taken to raise it to $250,000, — that is, that the Secretary should ad- vertise, calling a meeting of the stockholders to vote upon the ques- tion of an increase of the amount of capital stock. This was agreed to, and the Executive Committee was authorized to proceed to let the contract for the erection of the building in accordance with Mr. Boyington's plans. That same day the Executive Committee held a meeting and agreed to send out a circular, with a classification of objects, the work of the thoroughly informed Secretary. It was as follows : Office of the Inter-State Industrial Exposition, No. 77 Washington STREET, Chicago, June 10, 1873. — The following classification of objects to be admitted to the exhibition of 1873 has been adopted, and its publication ordered in advance of the regular programme for the eaiiier information of intending exhib- itors. In each section of a department certain objects are specified, not because the exhibition is limited to them, but merely to indicate the g'eneral character of the section, and to enable exhibitors to determine the appropriate department in which to apply for space to exhibit articles not enumerated. Applications for space will be received at the Secretary's office from this date until July 15 proximo, and each applicant must state in a letter of application : 1. Full name and address, inclosing business card, if any is used. 2. The department and section in w^hich. space is desired, together with brief, clear, and accurate description of objects to be exhibited (for catalogue) . 3. Extent in square yards of floor or wall surface required. 4. If steam or other power is needed, the nature and amount of the same. 5. If the privilege of selling and delivering articles v^ithin the building is desired, it should be so stated, and the terms arranged vi^ith the Executive Committee. As soon as the acceptance or rejection of an application for space or privilege of selling is decided upon by the Committee on Admissions, the Secretary will notify the applicant by mail, accompanied with such other suggestions as may be necessary. Exhibitors will be permitted to place articles on exhibition in such manner as they may desire, subject only to the approval of the Executive Committee, so as to secure the proper harmonious effect, and a due regard to the equal privileges of all. As the space and time are both limited, it is very desirable that applications be made as early as possible. THE EXPOSITION. 33 The following classification has been adopted in preference to one more elaborate in systematic detail, because it is thought better calculated to meet the conditions under which the present exhibition must be held. Many intending exhibitors are dealers in several commodities which, though allied by custom in commerce, are widely different in character, and hence in a thoroughly systematic classification would be placed in different departments distant from each other. For the con- venience of such, therefore, each department and each section has been made as comprehensive as possible without sacrificing too greatly that general harmony necessary to a well-ordered and attractive exhibition. In the enumeration of articles in the several sections it is designed merely to indicate the character of each section, so that exhibitors of articles not enumerated may be at no loss to determine the allied group in which to make application for space. In case of doubt, the Secretary will supply the information. DEPARTMENT A. Fine and Liberal Arts. — Fine ARTS. — Section i. Paintings in oil and water colors. I ^. Sculpture. 2. Architecture and design. 2 J^. Engravings and chromos. 3. Photography. 3^. Wood carving, bronzes, and terra-cotta. 4. Stained glass. Liberal Arts. — 5. Typography and book-binding, including books, stationery, and materials. 6. Musical instruments. 7. Apparatus and instruments of medical art, surgery, etc. 8. Apparatus and instruments for instruction and scientific investigation, optical instruments, etc. 9. Telegraphy — electrical apparatus and instruments. DEPARTMENT B. Objects Used in Dzvellings and for Personal Wear. — Section I. Furniture, picture and looking-glass frames, book-cases, ornamental wood-work, etc. 2. Glassware, china, porcelain, lamps, gas-fixtures, etc. 3. House-furnishing goods and notions, including willow-ware, brooms, brushes, etc. 4. Clocks, watches, chronometers, cutlery, plastic work, jewelry, and ornaments. 5. Toilet and fancy articles — per- fumery, extracts, soaps, etc. 6. Textile fabrics — woolen, cotton, silk, mixed, and other mill and hand-made fabrics, piece-goods, etc. 7. Embroideries and fancy work in silk, cotton, wool, hair, wax, feathers, leather, etc. 8. Garments for both sexes and all ages — including coiffures, wigs and hair-work, straw goods, hosiery, boots and shoes, hats, caps, bonnets, gloves, fans, umbrellas, parasols, canes, dolls and toys, trunks, India-rubber goods, carpets, furniture, tissues, leather, cordage, travelers' equipments, etc. 9. Portable articles for hunting, fishing, and encamp- ment — fire-arms, fishing-tackle, traps, tents, etc. 10. Horse equipments and stable furniture, harness-work, saddlery, etc. DEPARTMENT C. Minerals. — Their Wrought, Cast, and Manufactured Products not included in Department B. — Section i. Collections and Specimens of Ores and Raw Metals — Gold, silver, copper, iron, zinc, tin, etc. 2. Building and Paving Materials — Stone (natural and artificial), marbles, cement, brick, terra-cotta, tile, slate, coal, gypsum, salt, petroleum, asphaltum mixtures, roofing material, etc. 3. Wrought and Cast Work from the Useful Metals — Printing and card presses, builders' hardware, edge-tools for carpenters, joiners, coopers, etc., safes, locks, scales, bells, copper, 3 34 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 1) rass, and tin wares, stoves, furnaces, wire-work, ornamental castings, fences, s, etj . DEPARTMENT D. Raw Materials {not metallic) and Chemical and Natural Products Used in the Common Arts. — Section I. Fibres in Different Stages of Preparation — Wool, cotton, silk, hemp, flax, Indian mallow, ramie, etc. 2. Specimens of wool for useful a nd ornamental work. 3. Furs, peltries, feathers, hair, etc. 4. Artificial fertilizers, paints, oils, varnishes, artists' colors and materials, photographers' materials, etc. DEPARTMENT E. Instruments and Machinery of the Useful Arts. — Section I. For mining and metallurgy, boring, drilling, quarrying, crushing, etc. 2. Machinery and implements used in agriculture, horticulture, floriculture, and dairying. 3. Vehicles, railway and car fixtures, motors adapted to steam, water, or other power, apparatus used in navigation, models of life-boats, life-preserving apparatus, etc. 4. Machinery in motion requiring steam power. 5. Sewing, knitting, spinning, weaving, and other machines, in motion, not requiring steam power. DEPARTMENT F. Prodticts of the Earm, Orchard, Nursery, Garden, and Greenhouse. — Section I. Fruits and vegetables. 2. Flowers, plants, lerneries, and aquaria. 3. Grains, seeds, vegetables, and dairy products. 4. Ornamental pottery, rustic-work, and birds in cages. DEPARTMENT G, Eood, Dnnksy and Tobacco. — Section i. All Articles of Food of Easy Preserva- tion — Canned, dried, or preserved meat, fish, fruit, and vegetables, sauce, condiments, pickles, relishes, condensed milk, etc. _ 2. Confectionery, sweetmeats, and sugars. 3. Mineral waters, fermented and spirituous liquors. 4. Tobacco and its manulactured products. DEPARTMENT H. Natural History. — Collections and specimens, models and drawings illustrative of the natural sciences. The next day the Executive Committee met and awarded the folio wmg contracts : O. B. Green, piling ..$ 7,942 40 Reeves & Weils, masonry 21,399 ^o G. H. Lytle, carpenter work 1 14,800 00 Dewey, Jones & Co., galvanized iron, cornices, and tin work. 37,766 00 M. W. Powell & Co., composition roofing 2,350 00 James H. Rice, glass 7)56o 00 Lester & Updyke, glass.. _. 2,125 00 William M. Dee, sewerage _ _ 500 00 Boyington & Edwards, plumbing 519 25 E. & A. Price, smoke stack 1.375 00 Union Foundry Works, cast iron _ 1,189 00 .Singer & Talcott Stone Company, cut stone 396 50 Total, _.. __ $197,922 15 THE EXPOSITION. 35 The next meeting was called for the 15th of July to vote upon the question of mcreasing the stock, at which time it was unanimously decided to do so. From that time on until the opening day, the Board of Directors did nothing of interest, but the Secretary labored over the constantly- increasing applications for space, and the Executive Committee kept a vigilant eye upon the rising walls of their building. On the 6th of September, the Executive Committee issued the fol- lowing circular to exhibitors : The Inter-State Industrial Exposition of Chicago will be formally opened to the public on Thursday, Sept. 25, 1873, ^t which time it is expected the Exhibition in all its parts will be thoroughly and completely ready. The Executive Committee have, therefore, ordered that First. — Exhibitors, their agents, and workmen in their employ will be admitted to the Exposition building for the purpose of making preparatory structures, on and after the loth inst., and all such structures must be completed on or before the i8th inst. Second, — All articles for exhibition will be received in the building on and after the 15th inst., from which day forward a proper police force will be kept on duty night and day. Third. — All articles for exhibition must be in place, properly arranged, and all boxes, wrappiiigs, and other packing materials must be removed from the building on or before Tuesday, the 23d inst., at 12 m. Fourth. — Any failure on the part of an exhibitor to comply strictly with either of the foregoing requirements will be taken as a relinquishment of all right to the space allotted to him, and will not be restored to him, except for good cause on order of the Executive Committee. In making this announcement, the Executive Committee have the pleasure to state that no part of the preparatory work has been delayed or failed to be accom- plished promptly, in accordance with the original plans. It is their intention to continue the same promptness and regularity throughout ; and to enable this to be done, it is necessary that each exhibitor be also promptly on time. Monday, the 9th, another meeting of the Board of Directors was held, with Mr. Coolbaugh in the chair, at which the Executive Com- mittee reported the progress made. The contracts amounted to $200,000. The additions recently made for sitting and cloak rooms, restaurant, etc., would cost about J8,ooo more, and other expendi- tures for flags, plumbing, etc., would swell the aggregate to $215,000 in contractors' bills. The additional expenses were small, for few salaried people were employed. In order to get the money with which to pay the contractors they had borrowed it, and became indi- 36 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. vidually responsible for it. The day of opening had been fixed, and the Board would make out a programme for the opening evening. This was, perhaps, the last meeting of the Board of Directors of any note. The preliminaries were now all satisfactorily arranged, and the remaining time intervening between the opening or inaugu- ration, was filled by the Secretary in awarding space, and by the Committee in seeing that the building should be completed. How well they performed their respective labors has been fully demon- strated by the unprecedented success of the Exposition. @|p Puilbing. N the 20th day of June, 1873, the first pile was driven that was to form a part of the foundation for the immense structure, as, owing to the peculiar nature of the soil of Lake Park, it was found necessary, to insure a solid foun- dation, to first pile it. This work was under the manage- ment of Mr. O. B. Green, and was completed in five days. These piles were of oak, 18 inches in diameter and 20 feet long; 328 of them were driven for the support of the immense truss arches, and an indefinite number for the foundation walls. In a week the pile-drivers and excavators for sewer, gas, and water pipes were out of the way, and the bricklayers and carpenters came to the front, and went at their work with a fervor and rapidity rarely seen, even here. By the 12th of July the floor-laying was completed, and the bricklayers were growing toward the close of their task. These outer walls were run up with almost incredible speed. The trusses referred to were made by the simple process of nailing one plank of an inch thick over another plank of an inch thick, and that over another, and so on, until six (or eight) had been so nailed together, the ends dovetailing, and the whole being afterward bolted firmly. Upon the piles rest the trusses which support the lofty and rounded roof. There are 31 main ones and 10 half ones at each end. These trusses are supported each by four piles, capped by oak timbers 12x14 inches thick and 4 feet long. Across these cap-sticks are laid four oak sub-sills 12x12 inches in thickness, and, like the caps, 4 feet in length. Placed side by side on the top of these sticks rest the 38 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, main .sills, which extend across the building, supporting the trusses at each end. The spring of the arch is placed at 4 feet above the floor, or 7 feet above the main sill. The main ones are of 150 feet span, 4 feet thick, and 12 to 14 inches wide, and are made of one and three-quarter dressed pine plank, fastened with bolts and diago- nal tie- rods, the lower being 54 feet from the floor. The half trusses are only 9 inches wide, but of the same thickness and materials as the main ones. For the first 28 feet they are built solid. The exterior walls of the first story are of brick, 24 feet in height, and are 15 feet outside of the line of trusses. Receding from them is a shed roof, touching the spring of the main roof, which for 17 feet above that point is made of hammered glass. Above that it is of galvanized iron. On the 2d of August almost all the brickwork was built. Of the 31 trusses, 14 were in position, while 4 more were ready for erection. They were built on the floor of the building and raised to their places by six derricks. Ponderous as they were, it took but half an hour to raise one to its place, though the necessary preparations for that operation took from eight to nine hours. The following Monday, notwithstanding that rapid progress had been made, a hundred more men were put on it, and the work went forward with redoubled speed, watched, not only by the Superintendent, but also by some member of the Executive Committee, who was constantly on hand during working hours. By the 19th the building was nearly wholly inclosed, except at the ends, and the half trusses at the south end were in place. The glaz- ing in the roof was begun, and the great smoke chimney, just north- east of the building was nearly finished, and the work progressed with like rapidity until the building was completed and ready for its many occupants, and reminded one of the palace reared by the slaves of Aladdin in a single night. The building is 800 feet long by 260 feet in extreme width, and the exhibition surface afforded is 232,800 square feet; a middle front projection at the grand entrance, 120 by 20 feet; and two end pro- jections, 80 by 20 feet. The grand center dome is 60 feet in diame- ter and 165 feet high. The end domes are 48 feet square and 140 feet in height. The entire superstructure rests upon oak piling, of which 16,500 lineal feet were driven for support of same. The building is sup- ported by 31 main trusses, and 10 half trusses at each end. The THE BUILDING. 39 former are 150 feet span, 4 feet thick, 12 to 14 inches wide, and are made of i^ inch dressed pine plank, fastened with bolts and tie-rods. The latter run at each end of the building from the circle, are only 9 inches wide, but of the same thickness and material as the main trusses. The arches are 80 feet in height from the floor to the top of the truss. The style of the architecture is Italian. In other buildings of this character the ends are nearly square; in this one the ends are circu- lar, permitting the continuation of the gallery, in circular form, around the entire building, giving an unbroken skylighi, and an effect to the building on the exterior, and the gallery in the interior, which could not be obtained by any other style of finish. There have been used 16,500 lineal feet of 12-inch oak piling, 2,000,000 bricks, 5,000 cubic feet of stone, 3,500,000 feet of lumber, 1,500 squares of tin (each being 10x10 feet), 840 squares of compo- sition roofing, 130 tons of bolts, nuts, and plates, 4,600 feet of gal- vanized iron cornice, 1,000 feet of galvanized iron conductor pipes, 8,500 feet of glass in the windows, 5,000 feet of sheet glass in the ventilators, and 30,000 of :^-inch ribbed glass in the skylights ; in the doors and offices there are 1,000 feet, and in the art hall 2,160 feet additional of glass. There are 16,000 feet of gas-pipe in the structure, half of which is very large — some of it being three inches in diameter. The supply of water comprises not only the city water works, through their street-mains, but in addition thereto, a pumping engine has been placed on the dock near by, steam being kept up in the boiler to run the same at all times. This pump is connected with a 4- inch main encircling the entire building, with sufficient connec- tions for hose attachments, so that the water-supply is ample for any emergency. In the center of the Michigan avenue front is the first projection, three stories high, 20 feet clear of the main wall, and 120 feet long. The first story has an altitude of 24 feet, the second 16, and the third 14. Over the third story is a pediment or "gable-end" 25 feet in height. In front of this projection or portico is a carriage drive 20 feet wide, upon which open two large entrance-doors. Two double windows flank the doors on each side. Covering the drive is the balcony of the second story, 20 feet wide and 80 long. French double windows open from the second story upon the balcony, which in turn is covered by a handsome awning suspended from above the windows of the third story. The same description applies to each 40 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. of the two other projections, situated near the ends of the building, except that they are 20 by 80 feet in ground measurement, and three doors open upon the carriage-drive in each case, instead of two, as in the grand portico. There are 473 windows in the building, 160 of which are in the first story, or brick portion. Of doors there are 18. The two main doors are 10 feet wide by 14 feet high, with semi-circular transoms, adding 6 feet to their height. Six of the doors in the end projec- tions are 8. feet wide, and the ten doors in the sides and ends of the building are 10 feet wide; the height is uniform. On the second story there are four doors opening to the balcony on the front por- tico; these are 6 by 10, with transoms. At each of the end projec- tions there are two doors 8 by 12 feet. The grand dome is just back of the Adams street entrance and exactly in the middle of the roof. It is twelve-sided, 60 feet in diameter, with 40 feet perpendicular height, and a radius of 38 feet 8 inches for the curve. Above the perpendicular part the dome is 36 feet high, making a total height from the top of the truss to the base of the lantern of 76 feet. The lantern is 13 feet in diameter, has a perpendicular face 12 feet high, crowned by a rounded cover 8 feet high. From the apex of the lantern springs a flagstaff 58 feet high. The distance from the ground to the base of the flagstaff is 176 feet. In each face of the circular part of the dome and lantern is a round dormer window, crested and ornamented with galvanized iron work. In each of the perpendicular faces is a large double window. From the north and south sides of the grand dome a ventilator extends along the roof to the end domes This ventilator is 12 feet high and 26 feet wide. The sides are glass and the top — which is supported by iron posts set 10 feet apart in the sides — is galvanized iron. Along the ridge of the top extends an ornamental railing. The end domes are each 48 feet square and 32 feet high to the base of the lantern, which is 140 feet above the floor. The lanterns have each a height superior to its dome of 16 feet, so that from the floor to the summit is 156 feet. The grand center dome is the greatest feature of the whole building, and, facing Adams street, forms an imposing terminus for that street. From its summit, too, one can get about the finest view of Chicago and the lake that can be found anywhere in the city. The arrangements for lighting the building at night are of the most comprehensive character. A large center ring, 18 feet in diam- THE BUILDING. 41 eter, with 60 burners, hangs beneath the great dome. Distrib- uted over the building are 50 6-foot rings, each one having T^(i burners; these hang 24 feet above the floor. There is an eight- light pendant every 10 feet under the galleries, or 170 of these pendants, having in all 1,360 lights. On all the arches above the gallery there are brackets with four lights each. The art - room is lighted with perforated pipe having about 500 burners, a foot apart. The pipes hang about 16 feet from the floor, and are so connected with the main pipes, that any one of the three depart- ments into which the art-room is divided may be lighted alone. The building itself is regarded as a model structure, and to the contractors to whose care was confided the strength and beauty of the building, this is largely due, and we herewith append their names : W. W. Boyington, architect ; W. L. Carroll, superintendent ; P. H. Decker, carpentry ; Reeves & Wells, mason work ; Heath & Mil- ligan, painting and glazing; J. S. Bassett, plumbing; Wilson & Wil lard, gas fitters; Lester & Updyck, sheet glass; T. E. Cauda & Co., bolts, nuts and plates; Foot & Rice, hammer glass; N. S. Boaton & Co., cast iron work; D. B. Hall & Co., bolts and rods; Dewey & Jones, tin roofing and galvanized iron work ; M. A. Powell & Co., composition and gravel roofing. ^X^J tS^f Xnaugupafion. t^^:^ N Thursday evening, September 25, 1873, the great Inter- State Industrial. Palace was formally inaugurated in the presence of fully 20,000 people, and the ceremonies were of a very imposing character, which will ever remain green in the hearts of all present, for here was the con- summation of Chicago's long cherished hope. " That called impossible was swift begun, And in less than ninety days the task was done." At 7 o'clock the building was lighted, and amid a blaze of light, the thunder of cannon, and the strains of Vaas & Hoffman's superb band, the great building was dedicated. At 8 o'clock the distin- guished gentlemen who were to take part in the exercises entered'the building, escorted by the Superintendent of Police, consisting of Gov. Beveridge, Gen. Logan, Mayor Bond, Senator Oglesby, Hon. C. B. Farwell, Hon. W. F. Coolbaugh, the Board of Directors, and others. In the absence of Potter Palmer, Esq., the President, Mr. Cool- baugh, the Vice-president of the association, presided. He said he " regretted the absence of Mr Palmer, and that he was compelled to preside. The meeting would please come to order, and listen to an address by Mr. Bouton." Mr. Bouton then spoke as follows : JkTr. President, and Gentlemen of the Board of Directors : The project of holding in this city a grand Exposition of industry and art has been agitated for at least the past ten years. Prelimiaary steps, such as public meetings, formal and informal organizations of citizens, and even large subscriptions of money, have been taken at different times within that period. The last of this series commenced in February of the current year, and at first contemplated merely THE INAUGURATION. 43 a temporary union of the general manufacturing interests of the city with those rep- resented by the Woolen Manufacturers' Association — an itinerant organization which had already held attractive exhibitions in this and other western cities. By the first day of March the idea had expanded with characteristic rapidity of growth, when, at a public meeting held in the new Sherman House, it was resolved "that a great Inter-State Industrial Exposition shall be held in the city of Chicago during the coming fall, commencing on or about September 15, and continuing four or more weeks," and that " the people of all States and all countries be cordially in- vited to contribute articles for exhibition in every department." It was also further resolved "that the most eligible location for such an Exposition is that portion of Lake Park situated north of Congress street." A mass meeting was then called, to be held on the 8th of March following at the Chamber of Commerce, at which the previous resolutions were fully indorsed, and provision made for a permanent organ- ization with a capital stock of $150,000. On the l8th day of March the authority to open books of subscription was obtained, and on the loth day of April following the first meeting of the stockholders was held and the first Board of Directors elected. On the 3d day of May the complete organization of the Board, by the election of officers and the adoption of by-laws, was accomplished, and it was further ordered " that the Executive Committee be, and they are hereby, instructed to proceed, without delay, to take such measures as may be necessary to secure the construction of a suitable building for the Exposition to be held in during the coming fall, and that they are authorized to make such contracts and incur such expenses as may be proper." Meanwhile, on the 28th day of May, 1873, a resolution of the City Coun- cil offered that portion of Lake Park lying between Monroe street on the north and Van Buren street on the south, as a site for the Exposition and grounds, thus re- moving the only remaining obstacle to the early prosecution of the great work. Your Committee, thus charged, proceeded at once to carry out the views and in- structions of your honorable Board by first availing themselves of the services of Mr. W. W. Boyington, an architect of large experience, M^ho produced the ground design of the building, which, with slight modifications, we meet this evening to formally dedicate. The plans, specifications and proposals for the erection of this structure were formally laid before you at your regular meeting on the loth of June last, and, it appearing from the bids and estimates that the cost of construction would largely exceed the entire capital stock of the corporation, you took proper legal measures to increase such capital stock to the sum of $250,000, and at the same time ordered the Executive Committee, in anticipation of such increase, " to proceed at once to let the contracts for the erection of the Exposition building in accordance with the plans and specifications prepared by the architect, W. W. Boyington, and now before the Board." Accordingly, on the same day, contracts were let to the amount of $202,319.40, and subsequently to the amount of $41,038.48, making an aggregate of $243,357.88. The Exposition building itself, whether for architectural beauty or for its adapta- tion to the purposes of its erection, is regarded as a model structure. It affords an exhibition surface of 230,000 square feet, exclusive of the rostrum, and also exclu- tive of two outside exhibition sheds, floored and roofed, which, together, afford an additional exhibition surface of 20,800 square feet. 44 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. Here Mr. Bouton gave a description of the building, material of construction, etc., which has already been given by us in the preceding pages. He continued : No serious accidents have occurred during the progress of the building, and vve are pleased to bear testimony to the energy, promptness, and ability displayed throughout by the architect, superintendent of construction, contractors, and laborers, in their united and successful effort to fulfill their several duties in pushing the work to completion, in all its parts, on the time first appointed. In addition to the erection of the structure, as required by your resolution above referred to, the Executive Committee are also charged by the by-laws with the plans and arrangements for the Expositions which may be held from time to time. In accordance, therefore, with the spirit of your instructions, as soon as the construction of the building itself became a fixed fact, we authorized the issue of a programme and classification for a representative exhibition of the products of industry a,nd art, to be held in the projected structure the present fall. In view of what now surrounds us on every side, we need not tell you that the response to our invitations has been as generous as the most sanguine could have dared to anticipate ; so generous, in truth, that, immense as we thought this palace to be, the applications for space from those who desired to exhibit have been largely in excess of its capacity. From almost every State and Territory in the Union, as well as from foreign countri es, valuable and interesting contributions have been placed in the hall, while many more have been necessarily excluded ; and as a whole, we are persuaded that this will take rank with those great industrial exhibitions which stand to-day more prominently than any other great victories' as the landmarks of progress in the life of nations. The result of our labors, gentlemen, is before you. We beg you to accept it as the discharge of our obligation, voluntarily assumed at your request, and which we have labored cheerfully and faithfully to meet. Mr. Coolbaugh, upon behalf of the Board of Directors, made the following remarks in response to Mr. Bouton : Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Executive Committee : The duty has been assigned to me of saying a few words in behalf of the Board of Directors of this Association, in response to the remarks made by Mr. Bouton, and in view of the fact that I am to be followed by able and distinguished speakers, who are to make the set speeches on the occasion, I will endeavor to do justice to myself, to them, and to you, by being as brief as possible. The prospect of erecting in the city a suitable building for such an Exposition as we already find here was agitated only a few months since. It was felt by the public-spirited gentlemen who were connected with the enterprise that the time had come, and with that resolute will with which the people of Chicago are wont to do what they undertake, they set to do it. An association was organized, officers were elected, stock books were opened, and the moment the subscriptions seemed to justify the success of the enterprise, the Exec- utive Committee, of which you are the honored Chairman, were instructed to oro THE IN A UGURA TION. 45 ahead. The result is before us, and, in the magnificent structure, which, in three short months, has risen in all its symmetrical proportions from the dust, we behold the coming triumph of New Chicago. It was an enterprise undertaken with no selfish or mercenary purpose, or expectation of individual gain, but, in the belief that the agricultui-al, manufacturing and commercial interests of the northwest, as well as the promotion of the arts and sciences, required some fit place in which might be exhibited the trophies of our skill and industry. It was hastened, probably, by a proud determination, somewhat characteristic of our modest citizens, that, in the encouragement of everything that stimulates industry, Chicago cannot afford to be outdone by her older and full-grown sisters, Cincinnati and St. Louis. If their hopes shall be realized with respect to the public benefits which may follow from their undertaking, the projectors of this Exposition will not only be satisfied, but gratified, whatever may be its pecuniary result. And now, in accepting, on behalf of the Board of Directors of the Inter-State Exposition, this work at your hands, I beg to tender you their sincere thanks, and with ours the^ thanks of the stockholders of the Association, and of all the people of Chicago, for the indomit- able energy which, in so brief a space of time, has reared this grand Industrial Palace. May it stand here for an enduring monument for years of the public spirit of this city, and of the sound judgment, good taste, and comprehensive views of Mr. Bouton and his associates, under whose supervision it has been built. Music followed, and then Mayor Bond, who was received with applause, welcomed all present to the great hall to examine the tri- umphs of the arts around them, and in examining them think, not merely of the articles they saw, but also of the inventors. He wanted them, as they wandered around, to consider the mechanic, and think of what he had done. The vast building was erected in ninety days, but it was really the growth of six thousand years ; for only the slow progress of mechanic arts had made this city and the Exposition building possible. He had long felt that the influence of the mechanic had been too much ignored, even by a man like Buckle. Yet the mechanic had done more to advance humanity and civiliza- tion than any other class. It had been wondered why railways were not sooner invented, but they were not practicable till hundreds of other little things had been worked out. Too often, in looking at some one thing, they forgot the long train of mechanics whose labors had been called on to perfect it. The least little thing they could find in the building had become what it was only by the slow pro- gress of mechanics through the ages. He said he had been urged to talk about finance. In conclusion, he believed a man who had a theory about finance was a dangerous man. He believed there was no cause for alarm, and that the men who rebuilt the city would get safely through the present crisis. 46 EXPOSITION- SOUVENIR. Goyernor Beveridge was introduced, and said that first came mar- kets, then fairs, then expositions — the root, the tree, the foHage. Cities, ancient and modern, had their market-places, where buyer and seller met. Chicago wisely abolished that, and left it to private enterprise. In Europe, fairs had been held for ages to promote com- merce. Merchants and traders gathered to dispose of their products. They were amply enlarged markets. In an early day they promoted commerce and softened national antipathies. He mentioned the celebrated fairs of England, France, Germany, and Russia. Here, fairs were held, not for commerce, but to exhibit fine stock, etc., and to acquaint people with the products and resources of the country. These fairs were instituted in the interests of agriculture. They elevated labor and encouraged the producer. In this country and State, with its fertile plains, these fairs should be fostered and pro- tected. In Illinois they -had constitutional protection. Of later years they had assumed a wider range and international significance. They were held to represent the civilization, wealth, and power of individual nations, and to associate in one enterprise all races of men. Such were the Expositions in Paris, New York, Vienna, and London, and the Centennial Exposition to be held in 1876. Might not they hope that the last one would be a fit memorial of the events it commemorated, and would represent the spirit and progress of America, and be visited by people from all States and lands, and that in its perfect completeness it would surpass all former expositions, and be one the nations of the world would be proud to emulate. In imitation of these expositions, various cities had established them, like Cincinnati and St. Louis. Chicago had its now. In memory of the ashes, in honor of the rebuilding, Chicago now inaugurated its Exposition on ground which, two years ago, was blackened with fire. Now in the presence of a vast concourse, to the sound of sweet music, is dedicated to art, commerce, and industry, that magnificent temple. Chicago, in every respect imaginable, vied with the cities of the world. In one night the fire fiend laid it in ashes. The accum- ulation of years was swept away. The people , crippled in resour- ces, but not bankrupt in spirit, with hopeful courage and trust in Providence, blew away the smoke and ashes, removed the rubbish, piled up the brick and stone higher and stronger, and finished all, and Chicago to-night, with its industries and warehouses, its hotels and banks, and Exposition, sat like a queen on the lake, grander and more magnificent than ever — the wonder and glory of the world. THE IN A UG URA TION. 47 Senator Logan was next introduced. It was a happy thought, that of exhibiting the products of agriculture and mechanics. The habit among literary men a hundred years ago, of meeting in clubs and comparing writings, had led to improvements and to the perfection of their style. So to these exhibitions, farmers and mechanics brought specimens of their products. The florist brought his flowers and the lady her embroidery. Was it a mere show to please the eye, or give premiums to a few.'' No. It was intended to accomplish a higher purpose. The gratification of curiosity was a mere minor result. The chief ones were the result on the minds of those who learned, by comparison, defects in their own works, which they had hitherto considered perfect. An artist absorbed in his work, was often un- conscious of its defects, but when it was placed side by side with another he saw its faults. So was it with the mechanic, and, in every avenue of life, contact with others was essential to the full growth and development of genius. The minister confined to his own par- ish became narrowed and restricted. These expositions were the assemblies and councils of artisans and artists. The mechanic saw before him the progress that others had made, and in what points they had surpassed him. As he looked, his field of perception be- came enlarged. These silent influences formed one series of the useful results of these expositions, leading to improved machinery and better trained labor. Those who visited expositions from mere curiosity, learned much. Few departed without seeing something which they could apply in the daily walks of life. It facilitated the spread of inventions, and quickened the return of the rewards of genius. These expositions, rightly considered, had a good moral efl"ect, showing, as they did, the varied power of the human intellect, and that man was only a little lower than the angels; not akin to the brute, but linked to a higher and more glorious order of existence. The next speaker was Senator Oglesby, who said he came one hundred and seventy -five miles to participate in the service. After that long journey he felt he was not yet in speaking distance of them. Had they heard speeches enough } The night was far advanced and he would like to with draw\ Still he would say a few words. While he was Governor he attended the first Exposition of the woolen men. From that little gathering came the edifice in which they stood. The articles they saw were gathered from a dozen States, and shown to 50,000 more people than in i868. They 48 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. had been told of the growth and development of manufactures. They co-existed with creation. America, less than a hundred years of age, stood in advance of all the ancient nations, and was equaled by England, France, and Germany only. Did those present come out of curiosity? If the Exposition had no greater aim, it would pro- duce no good result. There was a higher idea in the beautiful articles exhibited. Mechanics and artisans here were in competition with the skilled labor of the world. It was an honorable contest for glory and wealth. England should be on her guard to save her laurels, for America would outstrip the world. No order could be given that could not be filled here in Chicago for complicated or costly pieces of mechanism or physical industry. The building they stood in was built in ninety days, and but few of those present had put a hand to it. Place the mechanic who devised the building by the side of Senators and Governors, for he was their peer. He told Europe, in the kindest spirit, to beware of the energy, courage, pluck, aad Isnpudence of Young America. He did not envy the English, and thanked them for what they had done for civilization. He also thanked Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, for their noble efforts, but he warned them that the northwest had another problem to solve. The nation which paid the highest wages pros- pered the most, and if the northwest wanted to excel it must solve the problem of increasing the wages of the laboring man. The Republican party talked for years of elevating labor, and of the dignity of labor. It was elevated by educating the masses. The difference between here and Europe was that all in subordinate employments were educated here. Could educated men like these be kept down 1 Would they stick to the idea that wealth grew out of low wages .? The toiling millions must rise. Look at the contest raging in England now between educated mechanics and the national federation of employers. That conflict would not stop until labor dictated its own terms. All had been lifted up here. The farmers of Illinois were educated, and the result was the stir of the last twelve months. An educated mass would have power and would be heard. So the Exhibition brought together men to push on these mighty engines of wealth, but not to cut down the prices of labor. Could Europe be met on the basis of high wages for labor ? It was a problem for capital and labor to settle, and it would be settled without any law of Congress. The whole subject of labor was divided into three parts, transmutation, transformation, and trans- THE IN A UGURA TION. 49 portation. The first, agriculture, the second, the mechanic arts, and the third, commerce. They were nice terms, well understood in the school of political economy. But there was no big name for money- currency, the Stock Board, these places where the representatives of the wealth of the country met. But they had better be called transmogrification, for the banks here had been for some hours in a trance state. Did that give rise to concern.^ Was there cause for uneasiness ? He thought not. The banking capital of Illinois, so far as he could judge, had been mainly, almost entirely, in the hands of discreet, honest, and prudent men, and, under the National Bank Act, there was no reason to say bankers have intended to take advantage of their creditors. When the temporary panic was over the northwest and the Union would go on prosperous as ever. This was no panic in commercial circles. The wealth of the country remained untouched. There was more wealth than in 1870. They were all healthy and able, and there was no just ground for fearing an universal panic. If it did come, it would be but a moment before the country would recover from it. The action of everybody in Chicago showed how little the panic had effected them. Currency would soon return to its accustomed channels, and trade would go on as before. He closed by thanking the noble men who got up the Exposition, and wishing the amplest and richest returns to them all. After Senator Oglesby's speech, the bands discoursed some fi ne selections, and the Industrial Palace was declared duly inaugurated and the official programme carried out, which brought the first entertainment to a close, and at a late hour the doors closed upon the first successful day of the Grand Exposition. 5p ^fiiftil^ops. vT.^ E have now followed carefully Chicago's last and most magnificent enterprise — the Exposition — from its inception to inauguration, and come at last (but by no means the least) to the Exhibitors, who have done so much to make the enterprise a success, and one of interest to all, by the splendid display of their wares. Upon the following pages we give a classified list of the Exhibitors, and description of goods exhibited, the perusal of which will be found of much interest. DEPARTMENT "A." SECTION I. Paintings in Oil and Water Colors. I. — Autumn in the Sierras. By Albert Bierstadt, of national reputation. (Artist, owner.) The talented artist presents a view in this painting on the head-waters of the south fork of King river in southeastern California. The scenery of that portion of the Golden State has never been previously painted, and this is the first instance that the picture has ever been exhibited outside of Cali- fornia. The lines of the mountain range are drawn in great variety, and mark the skill of the painter. Grandeur and immensity are the THE EXHIBITORS. 5 E two aims of the painting, and in these respects the artist fulfilled his intention. The whole painting has many of the massive effects of Bierstadt, but is peculiar, and differs from all of his previous works. As a whole, it is a careful representation of some of the grandest scenery our country affords. 2. — Fire Memorial Painting. By E. Armitage, R. A., London. (City of Chicago, owner.) This painting has been subjected to the most severe criticism, not only by art connoisseurs but by the public and religious press of the country, and in nearly every instance ad- versely criticised, yet as a work of art this picture is a most decided success. Whether the expression is pleasing or the story flattering to American pride are not questions to be raised. The laws of art have been complied with in the drawing, grouping, and arrangement of color and light, and the painting already has a wide reputation^ The picture was presented to the city of Chicago, for her new City Hall, by the proprietors of the London Graphic^ by whom the artist was selected to paint an allegorical picture which would represent the aid afforded by England to suffering Chicago in her distress at the time of the great fire. True to his commission, the artist portrays vigorous Chi- cago stripped of her beautiful clothing of purple, of which the last ves- tige is seen still smoking, and though losing her possessions, she has es- caped from personal injury in an almost helpless state. America, who has partially raised the fainting form, has administered a stimulating cordial, and has apparently done all in her power for poor Chicago, now turns appealingly to Brittania, who comes to the aid with fresh strength. The same idea is expressed in the watchful and tired eagle, and the quiet lion at rest. This picture cannot be fully under- stood without study, and to one who enjoys a true work of art it cannot fail to be appreciated, as well as the great talent of the artist displayed. 3. — Long Branch by Moonlight. By C. G. Rosenberg. (Art- ist, owner.) The above picture by this artist is the first one which has ever come to the west, but his paintings are well and favorably known in art circles of the metropolis. The picture exhibited here represents " On the Beach " at the great summer resort. The fore- ground is filled with a group of people, finely drawn, but the contrasts of light and shadow have a somewhat unpleasant effect, yet the quiet ocean, and the soft moonlight which streams overit with such beauty, can rarely be excelled. 4." — Central Park is by the same artist as No. 3, and is also 52 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. owned by him. It is a faithful representation of the steps in Central Park between the lake and the mall, with a gay group of people in the foreground engaged in contemplating the surrounding beauties. This picture is well executed, and in the artist's usual commendable manner. 5. — Basket of Raspberries. By Mrs. R. G. Packard, of Morris- town, N. J. (Artist, owner.) A basket has been carelessly over- turned, spilling the red and luscious fruit, which is scattered about in profusion. The execution of this picture is particularly fine. 6. — Group of Fish. By Samuel M. Brooks, of San Francisco, Cal. ( E. Bierstadt, owner. ) The beautiful specimens of the sea, as depicted in this picture, are grouped in a graceful manner, partially hung up and partly lying upon a coarse mat covering the table, and the happy effect of the reflected light from the scales, and the easy blending of lights and shadows, makes this picture a valuable acqui- sition to any gallery of art. The artist has won an enviable reputa- tion for success in fish painting. 7. — Norway Landscape. By J. Hammerstadt, of Chicago. ( Artist, owner, ) This is an ambitious picture, representing the scen- ery of the artist's native land, and fairly executed. 8, — Hard to Manage, By Clarence M. Johns, of Pittsburg, Pa, (Artist, owner,) This picture is a correct representation of nature. The spirit displayed, and grouping, make it a good horse picture. 9. — Glencoe, Scotland. By Arthur Parton, of New York. (Emigh, owner.) This artist, whose small pictures have always been admired in Art Exhibitions, exhibited a large landscape with the above title, in which he has made a very attractive picture out of very unpromising material. The landscape is a barren and monoto- nous one, and yet it is marked by very poetical feeling. 10. — Lake Memphramagog. By J. C. Wiggins. (Emigh, owner.) In the foreground, the beach sweeps around in easy lines ; the for- mation of the distant hills is beautifully grand, and the atmospheric effects and the water particularly good. In compliment to the artist, although several other- lake scenes were exhibited, this picture does not fail by comparison. II & 12. — Adirondacks. By Arthur Parton, of New York. (Emigh, owner.) These two small sketches by this popular artist were gems, and executed in his usual masterly manner, characteristic of all his small pictures. 13. — Flowers. By Miraudote, of Paris. (Emigh, owner.) This THE EXHIBITORS. 53 picture is a large flower piece, in which the profusion of flowers and their variety of color, somewhat detracts from the merits this paint- ing really possesses. 14. — Unexpected Friends upon the Battle-Field. By H. Balling, of New York. (Artist, owner.) This picture possessed but few commendable features, but the subject was worthy of much bet- ter representation. 15.-— I DO Listen. By the same artist, was a more artistic paint- ing, and represented the Norwegian shepherdess listening for a mis- sing member of her flock. From the execution of this picture, the fact is apparent that the artist is capable of much better productions. 16. — Group of Children. By Pine, of Chicago. (J. W. Doane, owner.) This was a large and exceedingly well executed picture, but the faces of the children presented too mature an appearance for the subject, and had a sameness of expression which materially detracted from the otherwise good merits it possessed. 17. — The Beautiful Gardener. By Plassan, of Paris. (Kel- logg, owner.) This is a superior picture, and shows great harmony in color between the complexion of the lady and the tints of the flowers and drapery. 18. — Committing to Memory. By Holfeld, of Paris. (Kellogg, owner.) Represents home-life of the young scholar who is endeavor- ing to fix a passage in his memory from a book which is open before him. The painting, although small, is a very valuable one, and is really a fine piece of art. 19. — The Locket. By J. Coomans, of Paris. A companion to No. 18, and owned by the same owner, represents a boy intently examining the pleasing present of a locket, supposed to contain the face of some dear friend ; perhaps the giver. Like its companion, this painting is superb and valuable. 20. — Lake in THE Woods. By Geo. H. Smillie, of New York. (Artist owner.) This is a quiet landscape in the Adirondack moun- tains, and represents a beautiful sheet of water shut in on one side by a high cliff, the rocks of which are very naturally portrayed. This painting is a very charming composition and is worked out in very careful detail. 21. — Lake Champlain. By D. F. Bigelow. (Artist, owner.) The above lake, which is near Burlington, Vt., is beautifully represented, and so accurately that every son of Vermont would at once not only recognize it, but the easy lines of the Green mountains, seen in the distance. 54 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 22. — Sycamores. By H. C. Ford. (E. Burnham, owner.) This picture dates with the earlier efforts of the artist, and is very pleas- ing by the careful blending of colors. 23. — Entrance to the South Park. By H. A. Elkins. (E. Burnham, owner.) This painting is a characteristic representation of the scenery of Colorado, without being in all respects a literal Aaew. 24. — October Woods. By H. C. Ford. (Artist, owner.) Few pictures exhibited presented more attractions than this one. The artist vividly portrayed the trees, of the many kinds of woods, and the light stealing through the tree tops to illuminate the rocks and moss is grandly beautiful. The charm of this picture lies in the long vista, beneath the branches, to a clearing far away. 25. — Marine Coast of Mexico. By L. Holtz. (Artist owner.) Like other marine views, but little presents itself to make the beau- tiful. The water was well done, while the clouds are poorly executed and lack artistic treatment. 26. — Steamship Baltic. ^ By Wm. Forgerson. (White Star Line, owners.) A well executed painting of one of the steamships at sea of the White Star Line, by wh/Dm it is owned. 27. — Portrait OF Miss Aitkin. By Schwordt. A well executed portrait of the above lady, by whom it is owned. 28. — Brook in the Adirondacks. By Chas. A. Fiske, Fairfield^ Conn. (Artist, owner.) Represents the tangled wildwood of the great wilderness of the north woods, and the little canvas possesses many beauties, both in the water and the fidelity to nature of the varied tree trunks. 29. — The Christmas Gift. By Halfeld, Paris. (Kellogg, owner.) This exquisite little gem is finely done. ■ 3c. — View on the Desplaines. By Annie C. Shaw. (Artist, owner.) A riverside landscape, in which the artist displays marked talent. 31 & 32. Portraits. By F. W. Freer, by whom they are owned. 33. — An Interior of the i6th Century. By Knarren & V. Taussens, Brussels. (Kellogg, owner.) A servant holds out a plate of cherries, standing near a table at which some one has taken luncheon. This is an admirably well executed picture. 34. — Portrait of the Hon. Leonard Swett, By A. E. Darling. Owned by Mr. Swett. 35. — Portrait, THE EXHIBITORS. 55 36. — My Little Sister. By J. R. Stiles. (Artist, owner.) A pleasant little picture, a description of which the title is suggestive. 37. — Portrait. By H. E. Peterson. (Artist, owner.) 38. — The Queen of Peace. By lUenbach, Dusseldorf. (Kellogg, owner.) Is a Madonna and child on a gold panel, with the motto, Regina Pads. The artist is of the Dusseldorf school, and one of power, as his pictures show. 39.-^Tea-Party in the Garret. By Sam'l Verplanck, of Fish- kill, N. Y. (Artist, owner.) This picture represents a little girl's tea-party, and the assumed character of matronly dignity of the children is finely given. 40. — The Young Orator. By Sam'l Verplanck. (Artist, owner.) While this picture is by the same artist as No. 39, it is not so good a picture ; there being too much stiffness in the subject representing a youthful Demosthenes on the stage of a country school-house. 41. — A Beach Scene. By William Bradford. (Artist, owne r.) This is a good painting by an artist deservedly famous in this country and in England. 42. — Grand-Pa's Little Girl. By Rose F. Peckham, of Prov- idence, R. I. The artist of this picture is entitled to credit for a fine production. 43. — Portraits. By John Phillips. (Artist, owner.) 44. — Portraits. By S. Kelley. (Artist, owner.) 45. — Fruit. By J. P. Andrews, N. Y. (Artist, owner.) 46. — On the Schuylkill. By M. Kollock. (Artist, owner.) Is a fine representation of the river. 47. — Storm on the Shawangunk Mountains. By G. H. McCord, of Yonkers, N. Y. In which the heavy shadows of the cliff are brought out by the soft sunlight falling on the trees near the brook. It is a close representation of the stormy side of nature. 48. — Grapes. By Mrs. Henshaw, of New York. (Artist, owner.) A fruit piece well executed. 49. — Fountains of Pompeii. By J. Coomans, Paris. (Kellogg, owner.) This painting was one of the finest figure pieces exhibited. The position of the figures is graceful, and the interior court of an old Roman home is faithfully represented. 50. — Portraits. By S. Kelley, of Chicago. (Artist, owner.) 51. — On the Connecticut. By J. F. Kensett. (Emigh, owner.) This is entirely unlike the usual pictures of the genial Kensett, who was always extremely faithful in his painting. In this picture, while 56 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. the day is unusually warm and bright, the water is dull, and there is a want of liquid transparency to it. 52. — Lake George. By J. F. Kensett. (Emigh, owner.) In this picture the water has great depth and all the feeling of nature, and the distance has been expressed by careful handling. This paint- ing is a good memento of the power of this artist, who passed away so quickly nearly a year ago. 53. — Sunset after a Storm. By K. Van Elten. (Emigh, owner.) In this picture the effect desired by the artist has been carefully studied and fully attained. 54. — A November Day. By J. R. Brevoort, of New York. (Emigh, owner.) Is a gloomy representation, but a faithful picture of late autumn life. 55.- — Corn Husking DOWN East. By Eastman Johnson. (Kel- logg, owner.) The husking is over, and an old man sits in a chair, tying together the golden ears' of seed corn, and beyond a large pile of husks his wife can be seen disappearing, while the little girl watches the arrangement of the golden ears. The drawing of the figures is excellent, and the lights and shadows perfect. 56. — The Old Nobleman. . By Siegert, Dusseldorf. (Kellogg, owner.) The painting- of this artist of the Dusseldorf school is a valuable one, and, both in composition and effects, is worthy of high commendation. 57. — Afternoon on the Hudson. By Wm. Hart, of New York. (Kellogg, owner.) This picture is the production of one of the most careful American artists, and it need only be said is equal to his former productions. 58. — The Forge. By Verschour, of Holland. (Kellogg, owner.) 59. — Portrait of Owen McCarthy, Esq. By F. L. Rockwell. (Artist, owner.) 60. — Portrait of J. C. Gault, Esq. By F. M. Pebbles. (J. C. Gault, owner.) 61. — Portrait of Mrs. J. W. Hodgkins. By F. M. Pebbles. (J, W. Hodgkins, owner.) 62. — Portrait. By H. E. Peterson (Artist, owner.) 63. — Who's Afraid! By Miss Florence B. Morton. (Artist, owner.) This is a saucy little sketch, which evinces spirit and prog- ress in correct drawing. 64. — Lake Maggiore. By A. Waagen. (M. Ryerson, owner.) Is a beautiful Swiss scene, the deep blue water of the lake appearing in THE EXHIBITORS. 57 the distance, and the foreground being filled with rocks and trees of very good texture ; a country cottage gives variety to the scene. 65. — Landscape near Rome. By H. Burckel. (M. Ryerson, owner.) 6(i. — Landscape. Bavarian Mountains. Same artist and owner. 67. — The Pillar Lake. By Reckmann. (M. Ryerson, owner.) This is a companion picture to No. 64, but there is not the feeling of nature in it, although fairly executed. 6^. — Congregational Singing. By Teniers. (Kellogg, owner.) Is an original by D. Teniers in 1628; the grouping is good, and the color is harmonious. 69. — Flowers and Vases. By Robie, of Brussels. (Kellogg, owner.) The reputation of this artist as a great flower painter is fully sustained by this picture, in which the artistic carving of the larger vase and the natural tints of the other, made of shells, are very natural. 70. — Leaving Home. By Carl Hubner, Dusseldorf (Kellogg, owner.) Is not a fair representation of this artist's work. It lacks the masterly power his works usually possess, yet some portions are painted in his usual fine style. 71. — A Flemish Interior. By Van Hove, Holland. (Kellogg, owner.) Is a small, but an exceedingly good painting. The archi- tectural character and the .perspective have been faithfully studied, and the harmonies of color well preserved. 72. — The Home of Mother Carey's Chickens. By F. M. H. DeHaas, of New York. (Kellogg, owner.) Is one of this celebrated artist's superb views, in which the water is full of depth, clearness, and actual motion. The coast rocks, and passing vessel, add a pic- turesqueness to the work, which is in every way a grand marine picture. 73. — The Student. By Fredericks, of New York. (Kellogg, owner.) Is well executed, and one deserving more than passing notice. 74. — The Sleepy Nurse. By Wm. Morgan, of New York. (Kel- logg, owner.) In some particulars this picture is very good, but the drawing of the figure is faulty; though the shadows are commenda- ble, and give strength to the painting. 75- — Apples. By M. Brown, of New York. (Kellogg, owner.) Are well painted, and in position, form, color, and texture, they are praise- worthy. 58 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 76 — Cattle, By Beekhausen, of Copenhagen. (Kellogg, owner.) This is an old painting, which is good in drawing and' color. 77. — Chickens. By Tait, of New York. (Kellogg, owner.) 78. — Fruit amd Wine. By Wilms, of Florence. (Kellogg, owner ) This artist stands in the front rank of all fruit painters, and " Fruit and Wine " is a good representation of his style. The sparkling wine bubbles in a clear glass, and the grapes are beautiful and transparent, while the vine leaf is fresh and crispy. 79. — Expectation. By Victor Chavet. (Kellogg, owner.) Is an expressive piece of painting, and superbly executed. 80. — A Glimpse of the Catskills. By A. D. Shattuck, of New York. (Kellogg, owner.) This picture, being one of the artist's old productions, does not resemble his recent pictures. Still the feeling of distance has been finely expressed, and the foliage of the trees is graceful. 81. — Venice. By David Neal. (Kellogg, owner.) Is one of the many famous productions by this justly celebrated artist, and fully represents his power as a painter of the interior of buildings. . 82. — The Child's Prayer. By Meyer Von Bremen, Berlin. (Kellogg, owner.) This was the smallest picture exhibited, but it is exquisite in its microscopic finish — the child and the drapery both being beautifully finished. ^2i- — Taking the Likeness. By Ed. Frere, Paris. (Kellogg, owner.) The name of this artist is famous, and his style can be ob- tained from this little picture of a boy " taking the likeness " of his playmate. 84. — Cabbage Patch. By J. Merahn. (Kellogg, owner.) 85. — Summer. By J. D. Smillie, of New York. (Kellogg, owner.) 86. — Sappho. By Leslie, of London. (Kellogg, owner.) This picture is by one of the most famous English painters, of American parentage, and attracted much attention by the elaborate finish char- acterizing all works of this artist. 87. — The Sailor. A copy, by Miss Eva Hammond. (Artist, owner.) 88. — The Hawk-Boy. Conteur. A copy from Healey's picture, by Miss Eva Hammond ; is very faithful. 89. — Cinderella. By A. Pickering, of Chicago. (Artist, owner.) Is not a picture possessing many perceptible points of excellence, and but a poor representation of the fair young princess of the glass slipper. THE EXHIBITORS. , 59 90.^ The Savoyard. By Kate Cameron. (Artist, owner.) Is one of the best paintings of this artist, who has availed herself of long study in Paris, and but lately returned. 91. — Portrait of George Harvey. By John Phillips. (George Harvey, owner.) 92. — Portrait of Mrs. Walker. By John Phillips. (Mr. Walker, owner.) 93. — After A Shower. By H. Von Elton, of New York. (Emigh, owner.) Is a carefully studied picture, and the effects desired by the artist have been fully attained. The setting sun breaking through the leaden clouds is faithfully portrayed. 94. — Passing Shower. By J. F. Kensett, of New York. (Emigh, owner.) Is a study of nature, and shows the sympathy of the artist with the changeful moods of out-of-door life. 95. — Kensington Garden. By Mignot. (Emigh, owner.) 96. — Sealing the Letter. By George H. Harvey, of Chicago. (Artist, owner.) Is a beautiful figure piece by this artist, and care- fully painted, representing a blonde in the act of melting the wax to seal a letter. The color of drapery and graceful position are exceed- ingly good. This painting would be a fine acquisition to any art gallery in the world. 97. — Coast Scene. By J. R. Brevoort, of New York. (Emigh, owner.) 98. — Flowers and Vines. By Mrs. A. C. Freeland. (Miss Mor- ton, owner.) Are drawn and colored well. 99. — Only Waiting. By Le Souer. (Samuel J Smith, owner.) 100. — Autumn Sunset. By Prof. Streight, of Chicago. (Artist, owner.) loi. — Pastel Portrait — The Creole Lady. By J. GoUmann, of Chicago. (Artist, owner.) T02. — Crayon Portrait of David A. Gage, Esq. By J. Goll- mann, of Chicago. (D. A. Gage, owner.) 103. — Portrait of Gov. Bross. By J. Gollmann, of Chicago. (Gov. Bross, owner.) 104. — Portrait of P. A. Hall. By J. Gollmann, of Chicago. (P. A. Hall, owner.) 105. — Contented. By the same artist, who is the owner. 106. — In the Corn Field. By E. W. Hall. (Artist, owner.) Is a landscape, which the painter has treated artistically — the monotony of the scene. 6o EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 107. — Crayon Portrait of J. Young Scammon. By Mrs. S. M. Fassett. (Mr. Scammon, owner.) 108. — Crayon Portrait of H. W. Hibbard. By Mrs. S. M. Fassett. (Mr. Hibbard, owner.) All the portraits of this artist are vigorous, and there is a softness about them which marks the artist as one of ability. 109. — Crayon Study of a Child. By Mrs. S. M. Fassett. (Artist, owner.) This crayon is really very fine, and done with the precision of sculpture. no. — Crayon Portrait OF Louis Wahl. By Rabat. (Louis Wahl, owner.) III. — Crayon Portrait of Mayor J. Medill. By Rabat. (Mayor Medill, owner.) A life-like representation of Chicago's worthy Mayor, reflecting credit upon the ability of the artist in crayon pictures. 112. — Crayon Portrait of Dr. Miller. By Rabat. (Dr. Miller, owner.) Another of the popular artist's crayon drawings, which are pictured true to nature. 113. — Still Life. By P. Schneider, of Chicago. (Artist, owner.) The painting of this picture is carefully and well done, but the color and light are not artistically carried through it. 114. — Protecting Her Pets. By Dieffenbach. (Owner, un- known.) A true German picture, in which a little girl turns up a bright dish before the mother hen, who at once gives the alarm to her brood and charges furiously at her supposed rival. It is a beautiful study of life. 115. — Portrait of a Child. By Mrs. St. John. (Artist, owner.) 116. — Portrait OF A Child. By Mrs. St. John. (Artist, owner.) 117. — Interior of St. Mark's Church. By C. G. Dyer. (Artist, owner.) A splendid representation of the interior of the famous Cathedral of Venice. 118. — Crayon Portrait of Mr. Runnion. By J. Gollman. (Mr. Runnion, owner.) This picture, like all by the above artist, is excellent. 119. — Landscape. By E. Von Perbrandt, Dusseldorf. (M. Knoedler, New York, owner.) This is an exquisite painting, and worthy of special commendation. The quality of color is good, and the harmony pleasing. 120. — Christians Leaving Jerusalem. By Meirielt, after TCpnih^aoH, (Mr. Rverson, owner.) THE EXHIBITORS. 6i 121. — Wreck in Mid-Ocean. By Paul Brown, of Chicago. (Artist, owner.) In all marine views this artist commands consid- erable attention, and this painting is undoubtedly the best he has ever painted, and is possessed of real merit. 122. — Off Sleeping-Bear Point. By Paul Brown, of Chicago. (Artist, owner.) Although by the same artist, is not so good a picture; yet it suffers more by comparison with No. 121 than its actual faults. 123. — Washington. After Houdin's cast, by J. W. Dodge. (Artist, owner.) This is a fine water-color, and shows careful study on the part of the artist. 124. — One that Thirsteth. By A. F. Brooks. (Artist, owner.) A pleasing sketch of an old woman drinking at the fountain of Grace Church. 125. — The Old, Old Story. By A. F. Brooks. (Artist, owner.) An India ink drawing of an old man and his bible. 126. — Portrait of Robert Collyer. By A. F. Brooks. (Artist, owner.) 127. — Portrait of Lady and Child. By G. P. A. Healy, Rome. (L. W. Volk, owner.) 128. — The Letter. By A. Pabst, of Paris. (M. Knoedler, owner.) All pictures by this artist are executed with skill and harmony, and "The Letter" is no exception to his usual style. 129. — The Dancing Lesson. By Otto Guenther, Dusseldorf. (M. Knoedler, owner.) Is full of suggestive figures. The old teacher, with his fiddle under his arm, is teaching the step to two ladies. 130. Gossip. By J. Carolus, of Brussels. (M. Knoedler, owner.) Is well understood by the artist, and painted in pleasing style. 131. — Flowers. By Van Bakhuizen. (M. Knoedler, owner.) Is a large flower piece in which there is a great variety of roses, yet distinctly represented as to bear close examination, and having a fresh look of nature, which the artist has transferred to the canvas with decided vigor. 132. — The First Butterfly. By O. Rethel, Dusseldorf. (M. Knoedler, owner.) An old woman and child watch the first comer of spring. The shadows are heavily depicted, and the picture choice. 133. — Pleasures of Childhood. By C. Beinck Dusseldorf. (M. Knoedler, owner.) Is by another artist of the Dusseldorf school, and affords a fine opportunity for the study of color. 62 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 134. — Moorish Peasantry. By L. C. Tiffany, of New York. (Artist, owner.) In which is especially noticeable a beautiful vein of color, traceable from the red sand through the group in white drapery. 135. — Highland Sheep. By E. Schenck, Paris. (M. Knoedler, owner.) Is a good picture, and has been well and gracefully painted. 136. — The Antiquarian. By A. K. Littschauer, Dusseldorf. (M. Knoedler, owner.) In which an old man is expatiating the beauty and value of an antique mug. The colors are finely blended, and the painting is without a fault. 137. — The Old Clearing. Landscape, by A. H. Wyant; deer, by A. T. Tait. (A. H. Wyant, owner.) The landscape is painted by A. H. Wyant, and the deer is added by A. T. Tait, and both artists have acquitted themselves with credit. 138. — Asking Bearings. By Norton, of Boston. (Edwin Lee Brown, of Chicago, owner.) 139. — Wood Scene. By W. Wittridge. (Edwin Lee Brown, owner.) Is a beautiful painting, in which the characters of our native trees are faithfully represented. 140. — Head of Beethoven in Crayon. By Rabat. (Owner unknown.) Well executed. 141. — Portrait of a Young Lady. By Albert Jenks, of Chi- cago. (Artist, owner.) 142. — Portrait of Gen. Geo. H. Thomas. By A. F, Brooks, of Chicago. (Artist, owner.) Admirably painted, and a faithful likeness. 143. — Portrait of Dr. A. E. Small. By Mrs. S. M. Fassett. (Dr. Small, owner^i) 144.— Pears. By D. Wagner, of Norwich, N. Y. (Mrs. L. M. Wagner, owner.) A small fruit piece, finely painted, and so natu- rally represented that the luscious odor is all but perceptible. 145. — Marine Sketch. By D. T. Williams. (Artist, owner,) 146.— Studies OF Venice. By S. A. D. Volk. (L. W. Volk, owner.) 147. — Raspberries. By D. Wagner, of Norwich, N. Y. (Mrs. L. M. Wagner, owner.) Another correct and natural representation of fruit which seems to characterize the paintings of this artist, and be his specialty. 148. — Colorado Sunset. By Geo. S. C'ollis. (Artist, owner.) A small landscape, representing a brilliant sunset over the plains of \ olorado. THE EXHIBITORS. 6^ 149. — Portrait of a Young Lady. By A. F. Brooks. (Artist, owner.) 150. — Interior of a Studio, and Flags. By Miss Gage. (Art- ist, owner.) 151. — Landscape in the Green Mountains. By Geo. S. Col- lis. (Artist, owner.) A neat little painting, presenting the cool greens of a luxuriant summer in Vermont. 152.— Portrait of Mr. Perro. By A. F. Brooks. (Mr. Perro, owner.) A most truthful picture, and one in which the artist has excelled his usual accurate productions. 153. — Portrait of a Young Lady. (Owned by M. Kimball.) 154. — Portrait of Miles Standish. This is a picture of the puritan hero, scarred by many battles with the Indians, and with a disfigured eye. This painting is said to be an original one, painted in England; but the closest inquiry has failed to elicit the name of the painter. 155. — Black and Tan. By H. C. Bispham, of New York. (Artist, owner.) In canine representations this artist is excellent. In this painting he has given an animated picture of the mother seeking her puppies. The drawing, and beautiful contrasts in color are faultless. 156. — Portrait of a Girl. By J. W. Dodge. (Mr. Davis, owner.) 157. — Ram's Head. By F. W. Freer. (Artist, owner.) Is a fine head of the ram, which is well drawn in a threatening position. 158. — Portrait of Mr. Davis. By J. W. Dodge. (Mr. Davis, owner.) 159. — Joys of Spring. By C. Wagner. (Mrs. L. M. Wagner, owner.) 160. — Portrait of Miss Clayberg. By C. F. Schwardt. (Miss Clayberg, owner.) 161. — Fruit and Wine. By Geo. Harvey, of Chicago. (Artist, owner.) Very good; the wine being well painted, while the Califor- nia pear and the grapes, are finely arranged and possess the liquid freshness of ripe fruit. 162. — Fruit and Nuts. By A. F. Brooks. (Artist, owner.) Well done ; and it is hard to choose between the apple and the nuts in excellence of quality and color. 163. — Autumn. By Geo. H. Smillie, of New York. (Artist, owner.) This is worked out in careful detail, and commends itself 64 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. to the observer as a thoroughly artistic effort to interpret the real feeling of nature. 164. — Tropical Orchard. By M. J. Hunde, of New York. (Artist, owner.) 165. — Passing from the Mall to the Lake — Central Park. By Emma Scarfe, of New York. 166. — Pear and Grapes. By M. Ream, of New York. (Artist, owner.) The fruit productions of this artist are well known, and like all his efforts in this specialty, are done with a nicety and excel- lence which is equaled by few painters in this country. 167. — Delicious Table. By M. Ream, of New York. (Artist, owner.) Another of this artist's able efforts, well produced. SECTION i>^. Sculpture. 168. — Bust of Allegro. By David Richards, Chicago. (Artist, owner.) The subject representing the Goddess of Mirth, taken from Milton's poem of " Allegro, "'and finely executed in marble. The artist has here produced mirth without hilarity, and the production is one of his finest works of art. 169. — Bust of Walter Cobb. By L. W. Volk, of Chicago. (S. B. Cobb, owner.) Is like all the works of this artist, faithfully and vividly portrayed. This bust is sculptured out of Carrara marble, and superbly done. 170. — Knowledge is Power. By Edward V. Valentine, of Rich- mond, Va. (Artist, owner.) The life, in Virginia, of this artist has enabled him to truthfully delineate the varied character of the col- ored race. The subject represents the talented young negro who, while seeking for "knowledge " in the newspaper, has been overcome by the " power " of sleep, which appears to have been stronger than the " knowledge " obtained and represented by the artist with much sarcasm. 171. — The Nation's Ward. By Edward V. Valentine, of Rich- mond, Va. (Artist, owner.) This is another fine conception of the little black rascal, by the same artist, whom he calls the " Nation's Ward," representing the sunny little nig. with a U. S. army cap perched upon his head, while his face beams with all the importance of a major-general. THE EXHIBITORS. 65 172. — Statuette — Abraham Lincoln. By L. W. Volk, of Chi- cago. (Artist, owner.) Is well executed, and a faithful representa- tion. 173. — Statuette — Stephen A.Douglas. By L. W. Volk, of Chicago. (Artist, owner.) The artist enjoyed the intimate acquaint- ance of this statesman, and has here expressed his idea of the char- acter of the man. 174.— Rogers' Groups. By John Rogers, of New York. (West & Co., 282 Wabash ave., Chicago, Agents.) Sixteen of the renowned " Groups " of this celebrated artist were exhibited by West & Co., who are the agents for the sculptor. Everyone is so fully conversant with Rogers' Groups that a description of them is unnecessary. 175. — Bust of the Young Augustus. By L. W. Volk, after An- tique. (Mrs. J. Y. Scammon, owner.) Is a copy of a bust found at Ostia, the old harbor of Rome, only a few years ago, and which is supposed to have been made as a portrait of the Emperor at an early age. 176. — loNE. By L. W. Volk, of Chicago. (H. O. Stone, owner.) Is an original statue of the artist, and was a commission from the owner, based on the description by Glaucus, in a passage of Bulwer's "Last Days of Pompeii," of the beautiful maiden, of Athenian des- cent, whom he met in the Temple of Minerva, at Naples. He describes her as having raised her veil in prayer, and when their eyes met he felt her face was exquisitely moulded and animated with beauty. Addressing her in respectful tones, he invited her to place her olive garland with his own upon the altar. Such is the scene which the artist has represented, and the quiet face looks out to meet Glaucus, as though she could trust the stranger. The possibility of movement has been finely expressed by the artist, and the lines of the upraised arm are beautifully moulded. The statue is done in Carrara marble, and is a masterpiece of sculpture, reflecting great credit on the artist. The statue has never before been exhibited, and the thanks of an admiring public are due to H. O. Stone, Esq., the owner, for the op- portunity given to view this last great effort of Chicago's eminent sculptor. 177. — Zenobia. By Harriet Hosmer. (Potter Polmer, owner.) Is pronounced by the most able critics to be a work of art of the highest order. This copy of Zenobia, the Queen of old Palmyra, is reduced to life size from the original heroic statue, but there is the same beauty of form, without the majestic presence. This is the 66 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, tenth- copy from the original made by this artist, demonstrating that her works of art are fully appreciated, as they deservedly should be. 178. — Bust of J. Young Scammon. By L. W. Volk. (J. Y. Scammon, owner.) Is done in plaster, but is deserving of being in a more substantial material, so faithfully true to nature has the artist rendered his subject. 179. — Dreaming. An ideal bust. By A. L. Lansing. (H. S. Lansing, owner.) Marks the progress of the student, and ought to incite him to study closely the laws of art. 180. — Hebe. By Canova. (Public Library of Kentucky, owner.) The history of this statue is romantic, and worthy of mention. While carping critics deny that this work came from the hands of the great Canova, they concede a master's hand in its execution. Thirty years ago Robert J. Ward, a wealthy merchant of New Orleans and Louisville, purchased this statue of a Spanish merchant, who was in destitute circumstances, having fled from Spain to avoid the penal- ties of participation in an insurrection. The price paid was some $7,000 in gold. Ten years ago it passed into the hands of M. Muldoon & Co., of Louisville, the largest marble dealers in the world, who'had large interests in Carrara, Italy. Critics examined the statue, and a difference of opinion as to its authorship prevailed. Mr. Muldoon, •desiring to satisfy himself, went to Italy with photographs of the istatue, and met the celebrated sculptor, Fabricotti, who, interesting himself, introduced him to Tennerani (since deceased), who was then .the Pope's sculptor in charge of the art records of the Vatican. The original Hebe was recorded as in the Royal Art gallery at Berlin, .and is said to have been purchased at a cost of $100,000 in gold. Two other copies were traced to reliable sources, and the third, the one ^exhibited at the Chicago Inter-State Exposition, passed out of Rome in 1820, by permission of the Pope, into the possession of a noble of the house of Bellagoi. Entering into one of the numerous political •.complications of that country, he was arrested, imprisoned, and his property confiscated. A Spanish merchant purchased the Hebe, -and in the course of time fell into similar political troubles, was hunted, and finally escaped from Spain, reaching New Orleans, as .recited, with this solitary remnant of his art treasures. From the Ward family Hebe passed into the possession of Muldoon & Co., who, about one year ago, sold it for $20,000 to the Public Library of Kentucky, an extensive institution situated at Louisville, and which .owns, besides Hebe, a number of rare and costly works of art, a THE EXHIBITORS. 67 museum of 250,000 specimens, a library of over 50,000 volumes, a building costing $210,000, and after the consummation of its arrange- ments, under a special act of the Kentucky Legislature, will have an endowed fund amply sufficient to make it self-sustaining. SECTION 2. Architecture and Design. 1«I Court House Design, W. L. B. Jenney. 182. — Court House Design, Sturgis. 183. — Court House Design, Armstrong & Egan. 184. — -Court House Design, De Forrest & Fisher. 185. — Court House Design, A, J. York. 186. — 'Court House Design, Jas. Murdoch. 187. — Court House Design, Wheelock & Thomas. 188. — -Court House Design, Adam L. Robb. 189. — Court House Design, L. C. Welch. 190. — Court House Design, Thomas Tilley. Adopted by Common Council of Chicago, and from which the new Court House will be built. 191. — Perspective View of Leading Buildings of Chicago, James B, Tyerman, Reaper Block. 192. — Ink Drawing of Evening on Staircase of Bruhlsche Terrace, in Dresden, A. Howard Parslow, Nixon Bd. 193.— Ink Drawing of Night on Staircase of Bruhlsche Terrace, in Dresden, A. Howard Parslow, Nixon Bd. 194. — Ink Drawing, The Little Mother, A. Howard Parslow, Nixon Bd. 195. — Genealogical Tree of the Morris Family, nine generations, from 1654, carried out perfectly to the present time. 196. — Pen Design, H. B. Bryant, Chicago. 197. — Pen Designs, Ornamental, Business Writing and Drawing, M. R. & S. M. Powers, 105 Madison street. 198. — Pen Design, Sidney S. Hurlbut, 66 Warren ave., Chicago. 199. — Pen Design, W. H. Starr, Chicago. 200. — International Exposition, Philadelphia, Photographs of ten competing plans. 6S EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. SECTION 1]/^. Engravings and Chromos. I. — Baker & Co., cor. Clark and Monroe street, (Foot Block,) Chicago. Specimens of Wood Engraving. This old and well- known house made a fine display of specimens of their art, con- sisting of several frames, embracing exterior and interior views of buildings, machinery, lettering, etc. This firm also exhibited speci- mens of illuminated engraving in several colors, which was superiorly done, and the only specimens of this kind of work which were exhibited. 2. — Chicago Engraving Company, s. e. cor. Clark and Madison streets, Chicago ; J. M. Miller, Business Manager. Specimens of Wood Engraving. The display made by this Company, of which Hugo Wangeman is Superintendent, consisted of four large walnut frames of fine wood engravings done by them, and comprised exte- rior and interior views of buildings, machinery, trade-marks, illustrations for periodicals, etc., all done in a superior style, and were properly termed engravings, some of the specimens exhibited being so finely executed as to closely resemble steel plates. The facilities of this Company are unequaled in the northwest for fine work, of which they make a specialty, and the quality of work shown by them fully demonstrates their capabilities for executing engraving in a thoroughly artistic manner. The display made was commend- able, and reflected great credit upon the Company. 3. — Chicago Lithographing Company, cor. Fifth avenue and Washington street ; Essroger, Ruehlow & Co., Proprietors. Speci- mens of Lithography. Comprising chromos, labels, bonds, heading s, cards, etc.; a particularly fine specimen of their work being the business card of the Company done in several colors. Lithograph s of the Exposition were printed in the building, showing the opera- tion of the impression from the stone. 4. — Jacob Manz, 70 LaSalle street, Chicago. Specimens of Wood Engraving. Comprising views of all kinds, buildings, machinery, etc., some of the work exhibited reflecting much credit upon the exhibitor, being done in a highly commendable and artistic manner. If the samples shown are a representation of the usual work done by this house, it certainly places it in the foremost ranks of wood engraving establishments. THE EXHIBITORS. 69 5. — Vandercook & Co., State and Madison streets, Chicago. Specimens of wood engraving. Engraving in great variety, com- prising large poster-work, magazine illustrations, views of build- ings, etc., which reflected much credit upon the skill of this firm, who, although young in the business, evinced a thorough knowledge of their profession, and showed their capability to execute engraving in a superior manner. 6. — Western Bank Note Company, Chicago. Specimens of Steel Engraving, finely executed. 7. — White & Brayley, Buffalo, N. Y,, and 160 LaSalle street, Chicago. Specimens of plain and colored lithography in great variety. This house is one of the largest and most favorably known in lithography in this country. The specimens of their art displayed were particularly fine. SECTION 3. Photographs. Photography was first known in the year 1780, and originated in England. A Mr. Bolton, of Soho square, London, did an extensive business in the photographing line, in 1781. A Mr. Wedgewood made several additional discoveries in the art, and Mr. Fox Talbot succeeded in fixing the pictures in 1834; but it was not until 1850, however, that the collodion process was introduced. The present photographic society was established in 1853. I. — E. L. Brand & Co., 596 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Photog- raphy in all branches of the art. Perhaps no more attractive display was made in the photograph line than by these artists. To criticise the specimens shown by them would be impossible ; while to com- mend their many superior qualities would be equally as hard a task, as the pictures were faultless, and among the most artistic on exhi- bition. Especially noticeable was a life-size crayon portrait of Geo. H. Laflin, Esq., finished in India ink. The entire display bespeaks for this firm the fact that they have undoubtedly arrived at a point of perfection in photography beyond which it seems impossible to go. 2. — CoPELiN & Son, 244 W. Washington street, Chicago. A fine col- lection of portraits, life, cabinet, and other styles, were shown by these artists ; all of which were finely executed ; and the exhibition was artistic throughout, and reflected much credit upon the artists 70 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, for the skill displayed and the perfection attained by them in the photographic art, 3. — S. M. Fassett, 50T Wabash avenue, Chicago. Specimens of Photographs in various styles ; prominent among which was the cele- brated ideal picture. The display of India ink and crayon work was commendable; while the smaller pictures showed care in finishing, and were noticeable for clearness. The high reputation of this art- ist for superior work was fully sustained by the display made. 4. — C. Gentile, s. e. cor. State and Washington streets. Por- traits of all description, in Photography; Landscapes, etc. The exhi- bition made by this artist was of a varied character, embracing not only specimens of the photographic art, but Indian costumes, curi- osities, and portraits of Apache and other Indians, The photo- graphic specimens shown by this artist are very good, and in which his ideas of arrangement are particularly noticeable. His pictures are clear, and will bear favorable comparison. 5- — P.B.Green, 315 W. Jackson street, Chicago. Landscape Scenery, and Views of Prominent Buildings in Chicago, before and after the Conflagration. All the specimens exhibited were well exe- cuted, being sharp and clear. The landscape views shown were exceedingly fine. This particular branch of the photographic art is made a specialty of by this exhibitor, and in which he certainly excels. 6. — Alfred Hall, 217 W. Madison street, Chicago. Portraits, Cartes de Visite, etc. Among the collection of photographs shown by this artist were several specimens of the art, very finely executed. 7. — Geo. J. Klein, Chicago. Photographs of several styles were exhibited by this artist, executed in a commendable manner. 8. — LovEjOY & Foster, 88 State street, Chicago. Stereoscopic Views of Chicago, Niagara Falls, Colorado Canons, American Scen- ery generally. Several large views of the Yo Semite Valley, Cal., were finely executed. 9. — C. D. MosHER, 951 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Portraits of Celebrities, life size, worked in crayon, Photographs, Imperial, Cabi- net, and Carte de Visite. The display of this artist occupied a prominent position among the many exhibitors in the photographic line, and attracted much attention. Many of the pictures were excel- lently well executed, and all elegantly mounted and framed. The specimens of work exhibited bespeaks for this artist more than a passing mention. THE EXHIBITORS. . 7 1 lo, — E. D. Ormsby, 309 W. Madison street, Chicago. Four large walnut frames, containing cabinet specimens of this artist's ability ? were shown, and were executed in a commendable manner. II. — H. RocHER, 724 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Portraits, Life, Cab- inets, Carte de Visite, etc. The specimens of the photographic art displayed by this artist were remarkably fine and would bear the closest comparison with the best New York work, being noticeable for their clearness and pleasing tone, and while every part of the subject was superbly executed, yet the drapery was defined by unus- ual sharpness, and more especially noteworthy. The productions of this artist were excelled by none upon exhibition, and indeed it would be no easy matter to equal them, the laws of art having been so thoroughly complied with. 12. — B. L. Rider, 335 W. Madison street, Chicago. Specimens of Photographs. 13. — Thomas Severn, 134 Madison street, Chicago. This artist exhibited some fine specimens of Porcelain Pictures, well mounted. SECTION 'iVz- Wax . Work, Etc. I. — Mrs. I. M. Bell, 14 North Sheldon street, Chicago. A variety of specimens of wax flowers. 2. — Miss Lizzie Baxter, 343 West Adams street, Chicago. Wax work. 3. — Mrs. Cook, 650 Burnside street, Chicago. Wax flowers. 4. — Mrs. C. E. Galloway, Lee Centre, 111. A large wreath com- posed of seeds, which closely resembled wax work, or artificial flow- ers. It was attractive in itself, but rendered still more so upon read- ing the card appended, which informed you by whom it was done, and " that the exhibitor was seventy years of age." 5. — Mrs. L. E. Heap, 19 North Green street, Chicago. A wreath of memorial flowers done in wax. 6. — Mrs. C. E. Leonard and Daughter, 508 Fulton street, Chi- cago. Specimens of feather flowers. 7. — Mrs. M. E. Sweetland, 32 Honore block, Chicago. An oval glass case containing a medallion portrait of Abraham Lincoln sur- rounded by a wreath of flowers, the whole being^done in wax, and was a very artistic piece of workmanship. 72 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 8. — John Leber, 243 Larabee street, Chicago. A fine piece of work representing flowers, leaves and birds, the whole being com- posed of all varieties of garden seeds. 9. — Mrs. L. McLean and Daughter, Chicago. Wax work, rep- resenting garden vegetables, etc., and very natural in appearance. 10. — Miss Viola Pollard, Fort Madison, Iowa. Wax basket of fruits. A large wax basket, as pure and white as the unsullied snow- flakes, was filled with flowers so exquisitely wrought, so like nature's own, their, very odor seemed perceptible, while behind them, arranged in an elegant wreath, were others so " life-like " that one could fancy a troop of blushing roses, pale lilies and modest violets had joined hands and sat for their pictures. Besides these were fruits most tempting to behold ; luscious peaches, delicious grapes, slices of watermelon that seemed melting with ripeness, apples whose bruised sides assured the beholder they had fallen from the tree, and cherries the very birds would have mistaken for the genuine. The motto, " God bless our home," with the clasped hands beneath, would make a beautiful and most appropriate bridal gift, and bespoke for the artist a degree of perfection of which she may justly be proud. Speci- mens of this artist's work can still be seen at 120 Eighteenth street, Chicago. SECTION 4. Stained and Cut Glass. I. — James Berry & Co., 85 Jackson street, Chicago. Ornamental Plate, of Cut Glass. The sheet of glass displayed by this firm was a specimen of the most particular part of glass cutting, and certainly reflected great credit upon the exhibitors for the fine manner in which the work was executed. The design of the specimen shown was the United States coat of arms, surrounded by the names of the several Presidents, from Washington to Lincoln. It was a splendid piece of workmanship, and done with a precision and nicety that seems almost impossible when aware that all this ornamental "cutting" is done by a revolving stone wheel worked by steam power. All the delicate characters to be cut are first traced in pencil, and then manipulated by the workman upon the flying wheel, and the result is, such specimens are daily produced as the one exhibited. THE EXHIBITORS. 73 2. — Geo. a. Misch & Bros., Chicago. A Stained Glass Window, representing the Goddess of Liberty, which was one of the finest pieces of workmanship in the building. It was of large size, and depicted the subject in the many colors of the rainbow. The drawing and blending of the various colors was highly commendable and in perfect harmony, marking this firm as masters of their art, and gaining for them a justly earned reputation by their artistic display. 3. — Otto Jevne & Co., 226 E. Washington street, Chicago. Stained Glass Windows. The stained glass window over the center of the Art Gallery was probably unnoticed by a few visitors, since it was hung so high. The subject was the Nativity of Christ, and the the proud mother is exhibiting to wondering angels the beautiful babe sleeping in the manger. One angel is kneeling, another has a wreath of roses, and, beyond, the cherubs close the scene. Joseph stands under a rustic background with a look of intelligent responsi- bility. The grouping is easy and natural, and both the design and execution evince the talent of the artist, Henry Goetinck, one of the members of the firm of Otto Jevne & Co. The drapery falls in graceful folds, especially from the Madonna, and the flesh tints are good, with fine gradations of color and strong efiects of shadow. The window is 45^ feet wide and 11 feet high, and is an original work of this firm, who also display two windows in the southeastern wall of the main building, representing the Good Shepherd and ornamental work. The process of manufacturing is to paint the glass with mineral colors, and then introduce it several times into a kiln until it is vitrified, and then, by "leading up," to fit the portions into a complete window. SECTION 5. Liberal Arts. — Typography and Book-binding, including Books, Stationery and Material. I. — D. Appletdn & Co., 549 and 551 Broadway, New York. Mo- ses Warren, Agent, 103 State street, Chicago. The enterprising agent of this well and favorably known publishing house made a large and attractive display of popular subscription books, finely bound ; prom- inent among which may be noticed such really meritorious works as Appleton's New American Encyclopedia, bound in calf, and Apple- 74 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. ton's Annual Encyclopedia, bound in sheep. Another Avork of great merit, noticed in this excellent collection, was Picturesque America, probably the most superbly illustrated work ever published in this country. Seward's Travels, Hill's Business Forms, and a great variety of other works of equal merit, completed the display. Of Hill's Business Forms too much cannot be said in praise, it being a book adapted to the wants of everybody, man, woman, and child, contain- ing forms of every kind of legal and commercial instrument, corre- spondence, styles of printing, etc. To enumerate all this valuable work contains would be to devote the entire space of the " Souvenir " to its description. The exhibition showed some of the most valuable works the country affords, and the agent is to be complimented in repre- senting such works of merit, which reflected greatly to his credit and the house he represents. 2. — Bradner, Smith & Co., no and 112 Madison street, Chicago. Paper" of all kinds. Specimens of paper were exhibited by this firm in large variety, of their own manufacture, and consisted of Wrap- ping, Express, Dry Goods, Manilla, and Tea Paper, made at the Winnebago Mills, Rockton, 111., and Book, News, and Colored Pa- pers, made at the Rozet Mills, Three Rivers, Mich., both of which mills are owned and operated by this old established firm, who, in addition, are also proprietors of the New Chicago Mills, built since the great fire, and which are run exclusively on Print Paper, making four tons per day. Specimens of this paper was also exhibited, together with a large assortment of Envelopes, Shipping Tags, Twines, etc. The papers shown were of excellent quality, and taken from ordinary stock in store, and fully sustained the reputation the papers of this firm have, the imprint of any of their mills upon a piece of paper being a sufficient guarantee of its quality. 3. — J. W. Butler & Co., 184 and 186 Monroe street, Chicago. A large and varied assortment of Coarse and Fine Papers of every description, also Card and Straw Board. The goods of this house are well known, and are always of standard quality, and those exhib- ited were but fair representations of their general stock. 4. — Carter Bros., 27 Milk street, Boston, Mass. Inks and Mu- cilage. To attempt any description of the merits of Carter's Inks and Mucilage would be useless, as perhaps there are but few business men in the country who cannot fully bear testimony to the excellence of these staple articles (particularly the Inks), and can date their knowledge back to their schoolboy days, when first learning to wield THE EXHIBITORS. 75 that which " is mightier than the sword," and with a reputation like this, and of so long standing, no comments are here needed; suffice it to say, the display made of these goods was like their quality — standard. 5. — Cox, Henderson & Co., Book-binders, made a fine dis- play of the various styles of binding as executed at their estab- lishment, corner of Clark and Adams streets (Lakeside building), Chicago. Among the hundred volumes exhibited were a few very beautiful samples of fine calf and morocco work, which evinced a positive knowledge of their business, and spoke volumes in praise of this justly celebrated firm, the largest in the northwest. Especial mention should be made of a volume of " Milton's Paradise Lost," which was bound in crushed levant, beautifully and artistically inlaid and finished, giving evidence that their facilities for executing edition, cloth and leather work, is unrivalled in the west. In fact, never before in the history of this western country, has the art of bookbinding, in all its varied branches, been so successfully demon- strated, as it has upon this occasion by the above-named firm. The establishment of these exhibitors comprise one entire floor of the Lakeside building, containing 12,500 square feet of space, and hav- ing every requisite for promoting the interests of their large and increasing business. 6, — The Commercial Advertiser. Among the various enter- prises associated with the Exposition, the Commercial Advertiser occupies a prominent and honorable place. The initial number of this valuable commercial weekly appeared just as the preliminary work of the Exposition began, and from that time until Nov. 8, it improved every opportunity for advancing the interests of the grand project whose complete success this volume records. With the busi- ness foresight worthy the energy of the proprietors of the Commercial Advertiser, they saw at a glance that the success of the Exposition was identical with the best interests of Chicago and the northwest. Acting on this idea, the Commercial Advertiser, while carefully recording the progress of the work, at the same time kept its import- ance before the business men of the west, and contributed largely to its final success. At the opening of the show, by order of the Executive Committee, the Commercial Advertiser was made the offi- cial organ and Daily Pi-ogramme of the Exposition ; and, during its continuance was printed daily in the building, with complete engrav- ings, showing both the exterior and interior arrangement of the 76 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. grand structure. In its columns may be found a complete record of the progress of the Exposition. The Commercial Advertiser, as a weekly mercantile journal, sup- plies a long-felt want in business circles. While printing accurate and complete market reports, it also gives with each issue an able, trustworthy and complete financial and commercial resume of the week's business, and especially serves as a medium of information between the city merchant and manufacturer and their country cus- tomers. A special feature of its columns will be the reporting of new manufacturing enterprises, and business changes throughout the west. The Commercial Advertiser is in every respect a worthy rep- resentative of the business thrift and energy peculiar to the Garden City. Although primarily a mercantile journal, the Commercial Adver- tiser strives after a high ideal, as a recognized authority in questions of a literary and social nature. It believes that the current features ot general literature should be agreeably mingled with the more serious problems of business and finance. A special feature of the Commercial Advertiser is its correspond- ence from the financial centers of the country, and interesting let- ters from the enterprising and rapidly growing towns of the west, thus noting the various changes in the east, while recording the con- tinued prosperity and rapid growth of western cities and towns. Merchants and manufacturers, desirous of more widely introduc- ing their business to the trade and commerce of the west, can scarcely do better than to avail themselves of the columns of the Commercial Advertiser. 7. — Culver, Page, Hoyne & Co., 118 and 120 State street, Chi- cago. Stationery, blank books, etc. The display made by this lead- ing Chicago house in the stationery line consisted of every requisite in that line of goods in great variety. Among the attractions of their display was a National paging machine (in operation), tax cal- culator, copyists' assistant, Walton's abstract books, etc. A fine stock of Japanese goods, directly imported by this house from Yoko- hama, Japan, was much admired. The space occupied by these ex- hibitors was filled to repletion, which could have readily been large- ly increased without effort, as the establishment of this firm is doubt- less the largest and most complete in the northwest. 8. — Cleveland Paper Company, 109 Madison street, Chicago. A large assortment of various kinds of paper manufactured by this THE EXHIBITORS. 77 Company, showing its different stages of manufacture, from "pulp " to the finished article. The goods exhibited are too well known to the trade and public generally to need extended description. This Company's largest mill is situated at Cleveland, Ohio, and the fine book, writing and printing paper shown were made in that city, but find market for their sale in Chicago. The sales of this Company are near two million dollars per annum. 9. — James Dale, 56 and 58 Fifth avenue, Chicago. Specimens of book binding. Those exhibited consisted of an imperial general ledger, one royal general journal, a medium ticklor, and two demy tellers' journals, made for the Union National bank, of Chicago, all of which are deserving of special mention, and entitled to a more extended description than can be given. These goods were highly commended, by those conversant with the art of book-binding, as being specimens of thorough workmanship. 10. — Jansen, McClurg & Co., 117 and 119 State street, Chicago. Books and stationery. Among the fine imported books, standard literature, medical and scientific works, school books, stationery, etc., exhibited by this house in great variety, may be noticed two volumes of "Baronial Halls," elegantly bound in morocco, and val- ued at $150; also a superbly bound copy of Schiller's works. The display of this firm, although confined to small space, was one pos- sessed of very many attractions, and was highly creditable to them as the leading book-sellers of the northwest, and whose establishment is conceded by the public press to be " the most elegant book store in the United States." II. — W. B. Keen, Cooke & Co., 113 and 115 State street, Chicago. Books and standard publications. The display made by this old and well known house of book-sellers was exceedingly attractive, notwith- standing the space occupied was comparatively small. The goods shown consisted of bibles, Webster's unabridged dictionaries, and many standard works of eminent authors, artistically arranged. A noticeable feature of the display were some very fine specimens of wedding and visiting cards, monograms, etc. This house has an established reputation for the quality and selection of their goods, and those exhibited were fully in keeping with the reputation they so deservedly enjoy. 12. — Franklin Leekie, 137 Western avenue, Chicago. Specimens of sign and ornamental painting and scenic work, very finely executed. 78 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 13. — J. R. Lawrence & Co., 172 S. Clark street, Chicago. Paper carpeting and oil cloth. This article is a thick, hard, solid and compact paper, chemically prepared and painted in various designs to represent oil-cloth and carpet. It is cheap, costing about one-quarter the price of oil-cloth and carpeting, and by varnishing becomes durable and lasting for years. It has been successfully used and pro- nounced a decided success. It can be cleaned the same as a painted floor. This firm also exhibited a variety of aluminous and orna- mental paper used as a substitute for lath and plaster. In this progressive age nothing now seems impossible to inventive genius, and hence paper is not only used for building houses, but also to carpet the floors of the same when done. These exhibitors also demonstrate further the great value of paper. They are now engaged in the manufacture oi paper flour barrels. These barrels not only cost much less than those of wood, but are far more orna- mental, and are water-proof. The hoops are also made of the same material. The articles when completed will stand a pressure of 2,200 lbs to the barrel. This enterprising firm also manufactures cigar boxes and all kinds of packages for shipping purposes out of paper, which it is claimed are fully as. serviceable as wood, and the cost less. What other valuable uses paper will yet be put' to, the future alone can tell. 14. — J, W. MiDDLETON, 55 State street, Chicago. Blank books and binding. The collection comprising this display was in every way first-class, and especially a set of books manufactured to order for the First National Bank of Chicago, consisting of two super- royal general ledgers, two super-royal journals, and several supple- mentary books, all bound in full-jeweled Russia. A set of county records, bound in Russia bands and fronts, was also noticeable, as well as a variety of blank books in demy and medium sizes, bound in full Russia. All the above being made of first quality linen ledger paper and composed of the best material throughout, and are but fair representations of workmanship which characterizes the well-known establishment of this exhibitor. 15. — Oglesby, Barnitz & Co., 154 and 156 Clark Street, Chicago, and Middletown, Ohio. Chromo, Lithographic Plate, Note, Letter and Bag Paper. The specimens of paper exhibited embraced all the staple varieties for Printers, Book-binders and Book-sellers use, and were manufactured by the exhibitors at Middletown, O. The specialty exhibited by this firm was samples of writing paper of the THE EXHIBITORS. 79 celebrated Excello Mills, this paper being extensively used for its superior finish, etc. An account of its manufacture is appendfeU which cannot fail to be of interest to all. Writing Papers are made exclusively from linen and cotton rags. The proportion of linen in a general way deteraiines the quality of the paper. The rags are first sorted and classified with great care, and then run through a revolving cylinder called a " duster," the loose dirt being thus removed. The rags are then boiled in a solu- tion of lime, or alkali in some form, by which process all foreign matter is dissolved or separated from the fiber. The stock is then ground and washed into pulp, or what is technically called "half stuff,", in which state it is subjected to a solution of chloride of lime, when it becomes perfectly white, and then it is ground fine. After being properly prepared, the ground pulp is mixed with water, and by the well known " paper machine," made into paper. As the paper first leaves the machine it is called " water leaf." The " water leaf" is made to pass through a solution of alum and gelatine in definite proportions. This is called " the sizing process," and upon this de- pends almost altogether the writing and ink bearing qualities of the paper; also the " finish." The paper leaves the sizing process wet, that is, saturated with the sizing solution, in a " green " or undried condition. The " drying process " in writing papers has ever been of the utmost importance to the quality. It requires to be dried very slowly, that all parts of the sheet may be dried alike. A great many devices have been tried to simplify and hasten this process, without injuring the quality. The very best results in this respect are probably attained by the Harding Paper Co., of Middletown, Ohio, who use a patented apparatus of their own, by which a current of air of the proper temperature is brought in contact with the paper in such a manner as to dry it with the best possible effect. To be dried, the paper is hung on poles arranged for the. purpose in large rooms. When properly dried it is taken down and stacked up in piles ready for the " callendars." These are made of iron, and paper rollers, through which, the sheet is made to pass under heavy pres- sure. This brings up the surface, and makes the gloss so necessary on writing papers. The paper is than sorted and arranged for dif- ferent purposes, some being ruled into note, letter, cap, etc., and some being put up "flat" for printers' use and for blank books, all being branded according to the grade, quality and kind. The better the stock used, and the greater the skill with which it is managed 8o EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. and manipulated, the better will be the paper, and perhaps there is no manufacturing art where skill and experience becomes more im- portant and valuable than in the manufacture of the higher grades of writing paper. . Until within a few years no attempt to make first-class writing papers has been made in the west. The Harding Paper Co., of Middletown, Ohio, were the first to make this branch of western paper-making a success. Their goods are now well and favorably known throughout the country, and rank among the very best goods made. i6. — Otto Peltzer, Board of Public Works, Chicago. Atlas of the city of Chicago. This is one of the most extrordinary publica- tions that has ever been noticed, and it may be safely said that nothing of a similar character has ever been attempted anywhere. It is no less than a complete restoration of the map records, being a typographical compilation of the recorded sub-divisions and addi- tions of the city of Chicago, (the original records of which were all destroyed by the great fire), giving the size and location of every lot, street, and alley, published in the form of a large Atlas, with innumerable notes of explanation of the greatest importance to surveyors, attorneys, real estate dealers, and, in fact, to every lot owner in the city. The book itself is of immense proportions, being two and a half by three and a half feet in size, about six inches thick, containing over three hundred lithographed pages of maps, the whole work weighing over one hundred and sixty pounds ; certainly the largest book ever published and bound The exhibitor, who was the author of this great work, has devoted the last twenty years to the city and County records as Draughtsman in the Recorder's office, and as the Superintendent of the Map and Record Department of the Board of Public Works, during which time he has collected all this information. It is to him the public is indebted for this valuable work, which is not only a credit to the author, but to the city of Chicago likewise. The placing of the magnificent bound copy in the Exposition was not done as a matter of business by the author, but was simply a matter of just and laudable pride on his part. The subscription price of this immense volume was four hundred dollars per copy. 17. — L. N. Rosenthal 102 Van Buren street, Chicago. Fancy card-boards. A large show-case containing a variety of fancy card- boards, both plain and tinted, a specialty of the exhibitor. The THE EXHIBITORS. 8i samples shown were a fair representation of the line of goods con- stituting the exclusive business of this house. i8. — Rand, McNally & Co., 79 and 81 Madison street, Chicago. Railroad ticket cases and specimens of printing. A noticeable dis- play by this firm of samples of printing in colors, principally railroad work, which is their specialty. 19. — Rock River Paper Company, 140 Lake street, Chicago, H. F. Evans, Treasurer and Manager. This Company exhibited a large and exceedingly fine variety of different kinds of paper of their own manufacture, consisting of print, book, wrapping, and building papers ; but the most attractive feature of the display was their celebrated patent building paper, and paper house, which was constructed entirely of this material. These goods are of this Company's own invention, and have become deservedly popular. They patented and commenced the manufacture of their different kinds of paper, as exhibited, in 1868, running one mill and making two tons per day. The demand since that time has so increased that this Com- pany *are now compelled to run three mills and turn out from twelve to fifteen tons per day, w^hich finds a ready market throughout the entire United States, as well as the Canadas and Mexico. Of the man y kinds of paper manufactured by this Company, and comprising their display, may be named the following : Prepared plastering, as a substi- tute for lath and plaster, is made of straw and saturated with a water- proof substance which leaves a hard, smooth surface, and may be finished in any manner that plastering or wood may be. This paper is also economical, costing but half as much as lath and plaster. Saturated sheathing, plain paper board, moth-proof carpet lining, etc., were among the extensive display of paper shown by this Company. It is a remarkable feature in this progressive age to see the many useful needs now supplied by paper, even to dwellings, which, although paper, still have all the durability of wood or other building material, and the Rock River Paper .Company are entitled to great credit for bringing to perfection this liberal art, and likewise for the instructive display made of their wares. 20. — Reynolds & Reynolds, Dayton, Ohio. Exhibited a very useful article in the shape of a patent book cover. The patent of this article rests in the joints of the covers, which are so constructed as to allow the removal of the leaves after being written upon, and the insertion of new leaves to replace those used. For use of report- 6 82 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. ers these covers will be found particularly adapted, as well as to business men generally. 21. — Sanford Manufacturing Company, 223 Fulton street, Chicago. Writing Fluids, Inks, Mucilage, Sealing Wax, etc. Con- tained in a fine black walnut case, was exhibited a large assortment of the above goods, manufactured by this Company, which are said to be fully equal, if not superior to any in market. 22. — Sheldon & Co., (By S. S. Ventres, Agent,) 677 Broadway, New York, and 113 and 115 State street, Chicago. Exhibited a fine black walnut book case, containing a large and choice assortment of school and college text-books published by them. 23. — G. F. Thomas & Co., 155 Fifth avenue, Chicago. Speci- mens of Decalcomanie. A very interesting display was made by this firm in the art of Decalcomanie or transferring of pictures of every character to any substance, be it what it may. The subject of this art is doubtless familiar to all, yet the process of the manufac- ture of Decalcomanie pictures is of much interest, and a brief descrip- tion is here appended : After making the design, an outline drawing is taken. This draw- ing is then transferred to as many stones as there are to be colors in the ornament or picture; each color or shade requiring a separate stone. Before the stone receives the outline, it must be polished to a glassy smoothness, with pumice stone. The best work requires from twelve to twenty stones, costing about $80 each. The only stone that can be used successfully is found in and around Bavaria, in Germany. Crayon is now covered over such portions of the stone as are to receive a certain color, — the brown shading of a scroll it may be, or the blue sky of a landscape — which, when the stone has been placed under acid, are the only portions of its surface that will receive or transfer to paper, any color whatever. The next stone is prepared in the same way, and so on until the stones are ready. The first stone is then placed upon the bed of the press, which is the last in a Chromo - Lithograph, being transposed that the ornament may show perfect when transferred. The color having been spread over it with a roller, as in type printing, the sheets of prepared paper, upon which the picture is to be printed, are placed upon it, one by one, and an impression taken. When the whole edition has received the first color, the second stone takes the place of the first, and the same sheets are run through the press again and the second color received. The second stone is THE EXHIBITORS. %l then replaced by the third, and this in turn by the fourth, and so on until the picture is finished. The paper is prepared with a coating of gum, that can easily be dissolved by water. The firm making this display is the only one in Chicago exclu- sively engaged, in the manufacture of Decalcomanie. 24. — G. S. Truesdell & Co., 170 Washington street, Chicago. Several specimen copies of a business map of the city of Chicago, giving the owner's name, etc., of each piece of property in the busi- ness portion of the city. Such a map must be highly important to all dealers in real estate. 25. — The New York Life Insurance Company, 346 and 348 Broadway, New York. Curran & Perkins, managers, Bryan block, Chicago. Books, papers, etc., pertaining to life insurance. The dis- play of these exhibitors does not require description, but a brief mention of this popular Company, which has been brought into prominence by their enterprising managers for the northwest, may not be out of place at this time, and the few remarks regarding this renowned Company must prove of interest to all, w^hether seeking life insurance or not. As a usual thing most all companies for the insurance of life make promise of very many inducements which are never consummated. As an exception to the rule may be named the Company of our exhibitors. The New York Life is one of the old- est companies in the country, being organized twenty-eight years ago, and during all that time it has never swerved from the straight path of prudence and safety. During the ten years ending with 187 1, this Company has issued J2 10,925,380 of insurance, returned to its members ^14,880,235, or forty per cent, of its entire income during that period, and increased its assets $16,658,000, closing the year with a divisible surplus of $1,488,134. It has never paid a dollar to stockholders, never having had any. All its investments are made in the name of the Company. Its assets are the sole prop- erty of its insured members, who are the Company, and its business has been from the start conducted in the interest of policy holders exclusively. Insurance has thus been furnished at the lowest net cost practicable, and only those share the Company's funds who con- tribute to them. The cash assets of this Company reaches the enor- mous sum of $21,000,000, while its annual income is $8,000,000, both of which sums are unprecedented in the records of life insurance. The great success and popularity of this Company are in measure 84 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. due to the sterling quality of the gentlemen who have for many years been its officers.- Such names as Morris Franklin, President; W. H. Beers, Vice-president and Actuary; Theo. M. Banta, Cashier; and D. O'Dell, Superintendent of Agencies, are known throughout the country as men of the highest worth and ability, and in every way admirably qualified for the eminent positions of trust so long and faithfully filled by them. An article from the Nfw York Commercial Advertiser is here given, showing some interesting facts and figures substantiating the position taken by this volume in behalf of the New York Life. If a long-established reputation, able management, enormous assets, and large dividends, are signs of prosperity in any Company, the policy-holders of the New- York Life Insurance Co. have certainly cause to congratulate themselves upon the condition of the institution with which their interests are allied. Established in the year 1845, and proceeding from that time onward in one unbroken career of success, this Company has just issued its twenty-eighth Annual Report, which shows a con- dition of present prosperity tha.t has but few equals in the whole circle of Life Insur- ance. With an income of $7,515,407.05, their total assets reach the immense aggregate sum of $21,667,000.14, and a divisible surplus of $1,642,424.92. During the past year, 8,910 policies have been issued, insuring $27,096,273.61, and the disbursements by losses from death alone were $1,408,519.87. One important feature which distinguishes this Company from many others, and which it was the first to introduce in this country, is the Tontine investment plan. By this system, any number of persons of healthy and vigorous constitutions, who have ostensible reasons for counting on prolonged life, can combine upon the prin- ciple of the survivors' benefit. They are divided into classes of ten, fifteen, or twenty years, according to the period preferred by the insured. The annual sur- plus resulting from each of those classes is allowed to accumulate for the time agreed upon, at the end of which the aggregate is divided among the survivors of those who have paid up their policies, and who have besides the privilege of with- drawing their entire interest in the funds of the Company. By this process a man not only insures the pecuniary benefit arising from his death to those he leaves behind him, but is taking a chance besides of accumulating a large sum of money to accrue to him during his lifetime. His death, in any case, entitles him to the full amount for which he is insured, while in the event of his being among the few fortunate survivors of his class, he may find himself in possession of a large share of accumulated wealth, which goes on, of course, increasing with each new death. This ingenious arrangement affords so many advantages to the insurer that it is not surprising to find it among the most popular of the many strong special induce- ments held out by this Company. 26.— The Prairie Farmer, 118 Monroe street, Chicago. A jour- nal devoted to Agriculture and Horticulture, and in the interests of. the Patrons of Husbandry. This sheet is the leading agricultural one of the Northwest, 8 pp., THE EXHIBITORS. 85 finely printed upon excellent quality of paper, containing depart- ments of Floral, Live Stock, Veterinary, and Entomological, which are severally edited by persons of well known ability. This paper is published by the Prairie Farmer Company, and is a valuable acquisition to the fireside of every farmer. 27. — The Scientific Farmer, 151 and 153 Fifth avenue, Chica- go, C. F. Blakely & Co., Publishers. A sixteen page sheet in bound form, finely illustrated, and devoted to progressive Agriculture and Horticulture. This is a new publication for public favor, and seems deserving of liberal support. Its articles are ably written, the typo- graphical effect good, its illustrations are excellently executed, while the general make-up is commendable. This journal is entitled to the success it deservedly merits. 28. — The Lakeside Monthly, Messrs. F. F. Browne & Co., Pub- lishers, Lakeside Building, Chicago. The Lakeside Monthly had on exhibition, besides full sets of their magazine, beautifully bound copies of their " Lakeside Fire Memorial," containing what has passed into history as the best written account of the Burning of Chicago — the book being elegantly illustrated with photographs of buildings and street views taken immediately after the Great Fire. They also had a sale stand for the "Special Chicago Number," then just out, in which, besides other matter, seventeen of the most distin- guished writers in the West, in specialized articles, presented the recompletion of Chicago with a dignity and chasteness of style, a thoroughness of treatment, and an elegance of taste, befitting the character of the magazine. To the Lakeside Monthly is due the credit of demonstrating the intellectual culture and resources of the western mind. It is but five years old. Througliout this short but interesting career, it has bee,n a compound of one kind of success with another kind of sacrifice. From the beginning, and still, the way has opened wide for rendering tribute for tribute — using the literary lever for some ulterior interest for brilliant but transitory profit, while the gates of literary prowess were narrow and forbidding at the great center of pork and grain. Clearly, the one way was more profitable, the other, more noble. In a word, hardly anybody but the faithful and indomitable editor, and now principal proprietor, believed a purely literary publication could possibly live in the west. Mr. Browne's success has been already confessed, and it is acknowledged that he has, by his magazine, edu- cated the Western mind into that very appreciation which will soon 86 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. bring him the splendid reward of constancy to the high and true aims of publication. Thus, in a most emphatic sense, the Lakeside Monthly is a true pioneer, and has made the public that sustains it. If it should be long before Chicago becomes an Edinburgh, it will not be the fault of a magazine persisted in, against every temptation to turn aside for temporary money-making, which in but five years earned the title of the "Blackwood of the West." 29.— J. S. Thompson & Co., 158 & 160 S. Clark street, Chicago. Specimens of fine printing. To give a description in detail of the great number of fine specimens exhibited by this old and favorably known printing establishment and their points of excellence, would occupy a small volume. Not a specimen shown but what could be ranked as strictly first-class in all its details, from the compositor to the press. The specimens exhibited of wood-cut work were highly commendable. The most elaborate piece of printing in the display was the business card of the firm. The design was a bouquet of flowers, and was printed in colors, the flowers being so perfectly shaded and the presswork so excellently done that, instead of a piece of fine printing the impression would be that one was looking upon an oil painting with which the artist had acquitted himself in a most creditable manner. The workmanship manifest throughout the entire display was very superior, and places the firm far in advance of many of their competitors in the "liberal arts." 30. — Waters & Co., cor. State and Sixteenth streets, Chicago. "Our Fireside Friend." This paper is the greatest family and industrial weekly of the west, with the immense circulation of 97,000 copies per week, and rapidly increasing. It is a large eight-page illustrated sheet, whose contents are original, varied, and interesting, and is strictly a moral home weekly. " Our Fireside Friend " is in its fourth volume, and has met with unprecedented success, and deservedly so, gaining its popularity by its merits. The premium chroraos, " Cute" and " Coming, " given to each subscriber of " Our Fireside Friend," were also exhibited, and are unusually fine speci- mens of oil chromos, the subjects being pleasing and interesting and the pictures well executed. 31. — J. M. Wing & Co., 91 Madison street, Chicago. "The Land Owner," an illustrated newspaper, devoted to the interests of Chicago, occupied a prominent position in the Exposition building. No, description as to the merits of this paper are necessary, as it is well known as an advocate of Chicago's merchants and manufacturers. THE EXHIBITORS. 87 Its articles are ably written, while its illustrations are from the pencil of the popular artist, R. W. Wallis, Esq. It is a sixteen page sheet, printed upon fine quality of paper, published monthly at one dollar per year. 32. — Young Men's Christian Association, Chicago. This hon- ored and valuable Association, which may be found in every community throughout the length and breadth of the land, and whose Christian work is familiar to all, were also allotted a space in the Exposition building for the sale of bibles, tracts, and religious works, the proceeds of which went into the treasury of the Association, to be used in the continuance of their good cause. 2i2i- — A. Zeese & Co., T14 Monroe street, Chicago. Specimens of electrotyping. The specimens exhibited of this mechanical art were in large variety, consisting of electrotype plates of all styles of book type, one set of plates attracting much attention, being set in " Brilliant " type, the smallest made. An assortment of machine- shaved leads, for printers' use, were noticeable from their thinness of manufacture, it taking ninety-two leads to make one inch in thick- ness. This house was the first to introduce electrotyping in Chicago, being established in 1857, and their display reflected great credit upon their ability, all the goods shown being of their usual make, taken from stock. SECTION 6. Musical Instruments . I. — Julius Bauer & Co., corner of State and Monroe streets (Palmer House), Chicago. Pianos, Organs and Musical Instruments. The pianos exhibited by this firm, in addition to those of their own manufacture, and bearing their name, were the William Knabe & Co., of Baltimore, Md., and known as the "Gold Medal Pianos," for which the exhibitors have the exclusive agency of the northwest. The Knabe instruments exhibited consisted of an elegant full con- cert grand piano, 7 ^ octaves, rosewood case, one square parlor grand, and one square piano. These instruments have been before the public for over thirty years, and have attained an eminence upon their many points of excellence. Their tone combines great power and sweetness, as well as purity of intonation and evenness through the entire scale. In workmanship they are very fine, and made of 88 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. the best seasoned material. Every Knabe piano is fully warranted for five years, and to all the instruments exhibited of this make was attached the "patent improved Agraffe treble." The J. Bauer & Co.'s improved Agraffe pianos, exhibited and manufactured by this firm, consisted of several superbly finished square pianos, the clear, m.usical tone of which was much admired. These pianos contain all the essential qualities required in a first-class instrument as regards material, workmanship, durability and richness of tone. An assort- ment of the popular Needham organs, together with musical instru- ments of all kinds, completed the commendable display made by these exhibitors. 2. — Theo. J. Elmore & Co., 78 State street, Chicago. Pianos and Musical Instruments. The pianos exhibited by this firm were of the celebrated Decker Bros, manufacture, and consisted of a grand square, and one of their new upright pianos. The Decker Bros.' instruments have become justly celebrated for their surpass- ing excellence. They are enriched with a singularly full, far-reaching body of tone of the purest quality, governed by an action so accu- rately balanced as to materially lessen the fatigue of playing, while at the same time it enforces with unequaled precision and fluency the performer's demand for variety of expression. The music pro- duced from these instruments is massive, bell-like in the bass, rich, warm and full in the tenor, and fresh, bright, clear, almost sparkling and mellow, though penetrating, throughout the treble. The Decker piano seems worthy of the sweeping indorsements that have been accorded it by the press, and is a noble instrument of the first class, with every necessary quality to sustain its claims. The exhibitors may feel justly proud of having made up their display from such praiseworthy material. A fine line of small imported musical instru- ments completed the exhibition of this firm. 3. — W. W, Kimball, State and Adams streets, Chicago. Pianos, Melodians and Organs. The display made by this exhibitor attracted much attention, and won admiration from all sides. The exhibition comprised the world-renowned Hallet, Davis & Co.'s pianos, and the justly famed Smith's American Organs. Better instruments than either are difficult to name. Of the merits of the Hallet, Davis & Co.'s piano but little need be said in addition to the high praise already accorded it by such great musicians and composers as Franz Liszt, Franz Abt, Johann Strauss, and other bright lights of the musical world whose names are immortal and whose professional THE EXHIBITORS. 89 opinions stand for the highest modern authority on music. The pianos exhibited consisted of five in all, one grand, three square, and one upright, and all of superior finish and workmanship. Seventy- five first premiums have been awarded the Hallet, Davis & Co.'s instruments, and over 20,000 are now in use, their success being won by solid merit. Of the famed American organ, a full line of the various styles completed the display of this exhibitor, conspicuous among them being a superb parlor instrument costing $2,000 to man- ufacture. The purity and sweetness of tone in all the Smith instru- me^nts exhibited was excellent, the quality of same closely resembling the pipe organ. 4. — F. C. Lights & Co., 164 and 166 State Street, Chicago, Pianos and Organs. The pianos exhibited by this firm were of their own manufacture, and bore the name of " F. C. Lighte & Co." They were of splendid exterior and careful, interior finish. They combine with a rich and powerful tone, the utmost strength and power, and their tone and touch are very superior. The New England organs, exhibited by this firm, and for which they are general agents, are certainly deserving of much commendation for their evenness and sweetness of tone, purity of quality, and ready response to the touch. The display made by these exhibitors occupied. a prominent space in the musical department, and was tastily arranged. 5. — Lyon & Healy, 162 State Street, Chicago. Pianos, Organs, and Musical Merchandise. Besides a large and varied display of organs and musical merchandise, this firm exhibited several grand, upright and square styles of Steinway cSc Sons' unapproachable pianos. It is unnecessary to refer at length to the world-wide repu- tation these instruments have attained. Since the year 1853 there has been manufactured the unprecedented number of 26,000 of the " Steinway " pianos, each one of which are reported to have given the most perfect satisfaction to the purchaser. The great superiority of these instruments over all others known is a generally conceded fact. The pianos of Steinway & Sons are endowed with the splendid sonority, and that seizing largeness and volume of tone hitherto un- known, which fills the greatest space. Brilliant in treble, singing in the middle, and formidable in the bass, this sonority acts with irresis- tible power on the organs of hearing. In regard to expression, delicate shading, variety of accentuation, the Steinway instruments have over those of their competitors an advantage which cannot be contested. The pianist feels under his hands an action pliant and 90 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, easy, which permits him at will to be powerful or light, vehement and graceful. These pianos are at the same time the Instruments of the virtuoso, who wishes to astonish by the eclat of his execution, and of the artist who applies his talent to the music of thought and sentiment bequeathed by the illustrious masters ; in one word, they are at the same time the pianos for the concert room and the parlor, possessing an exceptional sonority. 6. — Mason & Hamlin Organ Co., 8o and 82 Adams street, Chicago. Boston and New York. Cabinet Organs. These old and standard instruments require no description to illustrate their powers. By the uniform awards to them of highest premiums at Industrial Expositions, including a medal at the Paris Exposition, and the emphatic testimony of musicians generally, the manufacturers are justified in warranting their organs "the best instrument which it is practicable in the present state of the art to construct." 7. — A. Reed & Sons, Temple of Music, Dearborn and VanBuren streets, Chicago. Pianos. The display made by this firm was deci- dedly worthy of note. Upon the space assigned them they erected a little Temple of Music, a pretty specimen of minor architecture in the gothic style, for the- exhibition of the renowned Chickering pia- nos. Two specimens of these pianos — the concert grand and cab- inet grand — are entitled to elaborate description, being claimed by the exhibitors to be the finest instruments ever made. The case of the concert grand was made of many different kinds of the finest woods, three or four of which are imported. The back- ground, artistically speaking, was of amboyne and rosewood. The former, light and variegated in color, making a most pleasing con- trast with the darker rosewood; while the panels and trimmings of French walnut — tulip and amaranth — exhibited a degree of light and shade highly pleasing to the most fastidious. There was an abundant supply of gold-leaf and solid rosewood carvings, in addi- tion to which were heavy gold bronze mouldings, running around both the top and base of the piano. Upon each side there was a fine bronze medallion, representing a band of cherubs. The top, or cover, of the instrument, has two bands of inlaid work, while the edge was trimmed with the much-admired amboyne. The name Chickering was engraved and inlaid with gold-leaf upon the name- board. The case was supported by three legs, most artistically designed and finely carved, while upon each was a bronze medallion of a lioii's head. The cost of this instrument to manufacture was $3,500. THE EXHIBITORS. 91 The companion of the concert grand, the cabinet grand, was of an entirely different shape. It was, perhaps, more elegant in appear- ance, though not as grand; its form rendering it more susceptible of adornment. The same kinds of woods were used as in the other piano. Upon each end of the case was a five-fluted pilaster, sup- ported by the base of the piano, and inlaid with gold-leaf. The entire front of this instrument, which covered a space of twenty-five square feet, was fitted up in the most gorgeous style. Upon the front board was a beautiful bronze medallion, with six infant musicians. The leader could be observed with his little baton, while his band seemed to be entirely absorbed with their instruments. Upon each of the« two pedestals was a bronze bust, encircled with a carved wreath, inlaid with gold-leaf. The case was also trimmed with gold bronze mouldings and solid rosewood carvings. The price of this beautiful instrument being $2,500. Upon the excellent qualities of the " Chickering " no comments are required, as the whole world bears testimony to their excellence and durability. The entire exhi- bition made by Reed & Sons was extremely notable, and for which they are deserving of great credit. 8. — St. Louis Piano Manufacturing Co., 307 and 309 Chou- teau avenue, St. Louis, Mo. Bell Treble Pianos. The two pianos exhibited (grand and square) are remarkably fine instruments. These pianos possess in an eminent degree all those superlative qualities, the presence of which have given the instruments of some few well- known makers a world-wide reputation. Their most noticeable features are, the peculiar purity and sweetness of tone, the clear, bell-like singing quality of its music, and particularly an exquisite evenness and softness of touch, so dearly prized by all pianists. This Company's pianos have been awarded thirty-two first premiums in six years, for superiority of tone and workmanship, by the most com- petent and impartial judges. 9. — Story & Camp, 211 State street, Chicago. Pianos and Organs. This firm exhibited an elegant Arion grand piano, and a variety of the popular Estey cottage organs. While the Arion piano is not as renowned as some others claiming public favor, yet it fully chal- lenges Competition for style, workmanship, durability and harmoni- ous music-giving qualities, and the opportunity given to contrast the merits of these instruments with almost every favorably known grade of pianos, fully establishes the fact beyond question that no more has been claimed for the Arion than it is justly deserving of. The 92 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. Estey organ, also exhibited by this firm, is too well and favorably known in thousands of western homes to need especial comment, and the reputation which it has attained, has been deservedly won. The Estey organs are remarkable alike for the sweetness and power of their tone, while in point of clearness of sound they have no superior. But their great especial feature is their new patented improvement known as the Vox Humana Tremolo. This is a simple fan-like arrangement, which, when put in motion, imparts to the music a tremolo admitting of all gradations of swell and tone, hav- ing in fact dbnost the expression of the human voice, and closely imitat- ing it — being in short the best tremolo ever attached to a musical instrument. Twenty years ago, reed music met with comparatively little favor ; but under t">jie watchful care of Jacob Estey it has attained a won- derful state of perfection. The display made by these exhibitors was creditable alike to them- selves and those they represented. SECTION 7. Apparatus and Instruments of Medical art, Stirge?y, etc. I. — Bartlett, Butman & Parker, 60 State street, Chicago. Common Sense Trusses. The peculiar construction of this truss is of interest to all so afflicted as to require the use of such an article. This truss has been adopted by the Surgeon-General of the United States Army, and is supplied free of charge to any afflicted honor- ably discharged soldier of the U. S. Army upon application to the examining surgeon of his county, by whom it is procured without cost of any kind to the applicant. The construction of this truss is peculiar and admirably adapted for the purpose intended, and is, as it is properly termed, purely upon a " common sense" principle. The pad is attached to the neck of the instrument by a ball and socket joint, which is completely regulated by two set screws. This joint allows the pad to adjust itself easily and perfectly to any con- dition of the complaint, while the mode of attachment of the neck of the truss to the spring is very ingenious and perfect, and materi- ally adds to the effectiveness of the article. The trusses of this firm on exhibition, contained many late and valuable improvements made by them, and were highly finished. THE EXHIBITORS. 93 2. — Bliss & ToRREY, 171 and 173 Randolph street, Chicago. Drug- gists' Sundries, Deformity Apparatus, Surgical Instruments, etc. To this firm was allotted a space oi five hundred square feet, and their immense display was so varied and attractive that everybody seemed to find something of interest at the exhibition offered by this firm. Their galvanic battery received a large share of attention, it being the largest and finest instrument of the kind ever manufactured in America, with power sufficient, if used, to produce almost instant death, The ladies were naturally attracted by the rich display of imported toilet goods, including ivory brushes and combs, tortoise shell combs, Bohemian glass bottles, exquisitely engraved, perfumeries and cosmetiques of all kinds, rare and expensive soaps, toilet sets of various patterns, together with a great variety of other goods in the same line. The druggist also found an attraction by the central pyramid devoted to chemical apparatus, painted show jars, and other requisites necessary to fitting out a complete store in the drug line, while the physician naturally gravitated to the show cases, where was displayed the surgical instruments, and found much to interest him in the various shapes of polished steel quietly reposing in their velvet cases, while the anatomical casts showing the heart, lungs, etc., also found especial favor in his eyes. An extensive assortment of defor- mity apparatus displayed could not be appreciated by any but pro- fessionals or those interested. This line of goods comprised those of the exhibitor's own manufacture, and consisted of instruments for every conceivable deformity, including artificial limbs in great variety. The elegant store of this firm, located as above, is a perfect museum of wonder, and is undoubtedly one of the most complete establish- ments of the kind in the United States, and the only one in the west. 3. — Dr. B. Briard, 188 South Halsted street, Chicago. Medical Instruments and Apparatus, Medicines, ^Perfumery, and Toilet Goods. This display was rendered very\ttractive by its artistic ar- rangements, notwithstanding it was drugs, etc. A noticeable feature was a case of ancient and modern coins and paper money, and curiosities collected by the Doctor himself, and which were very valu- able for their antiquity. In the center of this display was an elegant aquarmm of elaborate manufacture. The exhibitor is an eminent French physician, for many years connected with the Academy of Medicine, at Paris, but at present is the President of the Chicago Medicial Institute, of which he was the founder. During the time 94 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. he has occupied his present position the Doctor has introduced many famed remedies, which have sustained their reputation during the stern ordeal of public experiments. 4. — J. E. Gardner, 119 Clark street, Chicago. Artificial Limbs. The single specimen exhibited seemed perfect, and one possessing superior points of excellence. The great merits of the limbs manu- factured by this exhibitor are fully demonstrated from the fact of their having been adopted by the United States government as the most perfect limb, and the one over all others entitled to national patron- age. The material used in the construction of these limbs combines strength with exceedingly light weight. The only article exhibited was a leg, the ankle joint of which was formed by a ball of polished glass playing in a socket of vulcanite, which admits of the motion being easy and natural. The muscles and tendons of the limb are formed of rubber and fine linen thread, and perform their respective duties with a life-like naturalness, and the joints are so constructed as to admit of all the easy motions peculiar to the genuine limb. 5. — J. Henshal, 155 Calumet avenue, Chicago. Exhibited a medical electrical apparatus. 6.' — Drs. Hiatt &' LeRoy, 125 Clark street, Chicago. Artificial Limbs and Orthopedic Apparatus. The particular points of excel- lence claimed for the artificial legs exhibited by this firm consist in the durability, life-like motion and simplicity of construction ; the points of weakness being guarded against particularly at the ankle joint and the heel-cord and spring. The knee joint, in amputation below the knee, is so made as to admit of tightening, as the use of it may require, and the rattlina;, so annoying to the wearer, avoided. In thigh amputation the knee joint is so constructed as to give it firmness and allow the wearer to put his entire weight upon the limb with the utmost confidence. The springs are so evenly balanced in the flexion and extension of the joints that the life-like motion will undoubtedly place the lameness of the wearer in many instances beyond detection. Being simple in construction, it can be readily taken apart by the wearer and cleaned, thus preventing all friction and squeaking. The frame work was made of red willow, selected for its tenacity, lightness, and firmness of grain, and covered with raw-hide, shrunk on in the closest manner, the outer surface being made flesh color by water-proof enamel. Special mention should be made of their artificial arms, being some of the finest specimens of mechanical skill to supplement the loss of so important a member THE EXHIBITORS. 95 that can be made, — a triumph that needs to be seen to be appreciated by those suffering from such a loss — a perfect imitation of the natu- ral arm, and so made that the hand can be taken off at the wrist and a fork, knife, hook, or other instrument inserted for use. 7. — Johnson & Lund, dd Adams street, Chicago. Exhibited a large case of Artificial Teeth and Dentist's Materials in great variety, the teeth presenting a very natural appearance for porcelain. This house manufacture all their own goods, and have received several medals of merit for excellence of workmanship, etc. This firm have also a large establishment located in Philadelphia. 8. — H. D. JusTi, 259 West Madison street, Chicago. Dentistry, Dentist's Materials and Instruments. A very artistic and attractive display was made in this line by the above exhibitor. Particularly noticeable" was the artificial porcelain teeth shown, which were as close a resemblance to nature as it could be possible to attain. The manufactory of this exhibitor is located at Philadelphia, where he commenced the manufacture of these now celebrated teeth less than ten years ago, which at that time was unknown, and for which sale could not be had at any price for a small lot sent to Europe, but well knowing the superiority of his goods, the exhibitor, nothing daunted, kept them in the market and the result is, that the goods which ten years ago would not sell in Europe, are now in great demand, the last order recently filled for that country being over $90,000, and the sales in this country are proportionately large. This item is men- tioned for the double purpose of illustrating a case of considerable energy, at the same time to demonstrate the superiority of the goods exhibited. Completing this display, was a superb dentist's chair, of the O. C. White patent, which are manufactured exclusively by the exhibitor. The chair displayed was upholstered in magenta velvet with rosewood frame and nickel plated trimmings. This chair is a marvel of utility being capable of adjustment to any position desired by the operator, and is undoubtedly perfection pai" excellence of the many chairs now claiming favor among the Dental profession. 9. — Otto Kalteich, 112 South Dearborn street, Chicago. Case containing Trusses, Supporters, Braces, and Orthopedic Instruments. To give a description of this display would be impossible as the variety was large and consisted of every conceivable appliance and apparatus for deformities of which this Exhibitor is the manufacturer and makes a specialty. 10. — Dr. G. W. Lawrence, 200 West Madison street, Chicago. g6 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. A Case of Dentistry, containing a large variety of artificial teeth, showing superior finish and workmanship, several sets of which were especially noticeable from their natural and life-like appearance. Two elegant and massive medals of gold and silver awarded this exhibitor at previous fairs for superiority of his work, occupied a prominent place in this display. II. — L. Manasse, 23 West Madison street, Chicago. All kinds of Optical and Mathematical Instruments. The display of this ex- hibitor was particularly fine, and consisted of opera, field, and marine glasses, telescopes, microscopes, barometers, magic lan- terns, reading glasses, sand glasses, stereoscopic views, philo- sophical instruments, etc, A specialty exhibited by this house was the genuine Brazilian pebble spectacles and eye glasses, in gold, sil- ver, steel, shell, and rubber frames. The superiority of these glasses consists at all times of being cooling and easy to the eye; this is due to the material of which they are made, which is a crystalized quartz or stone, the peculiarity of which is, that it cannot be defaced or scratched by long usage. The many merits of these goods are highly endorsed by those using them. Prominent in this display was a fine astronomical telescope, worth $500. 12. — Marsh & Bowles, 103 Washington street, Chicago. Exhib- ited case of Trusses, Braces, Apparatus for Deformities, etc., which could only be appreciated by professionals, or those especially inter- ested for themselves or their afflicted friends. 13. — Towner & Co., cor. Halsted and Madison streets, Chicago. While this display was by no means as extensive as the facilities of the firm would have allowed them to make, yet in point of attractive- ness it compared favorably with any in their line in the building. A single set of teeth (upper and under) was exhibited, covered by a glass shade, attached to which was an electrical motive power, caus- ing the teeth to move, representing the working of the human jaw, thereby showing the accuracy and precision with wh ich the teeth of this firm are supposed to work when in the human head. 14. — Marshall H. Winebrener, 136 South Halsted street, Chi- cago. Artificial Teeth and Specialties in Dentistry. The display of this exhibitor was extremely attractive and highly commendable, as the work of the youngest member of the dental profession in Chica- go. Specimens of Conteur gold fillings, and a new invention of the exhibitor, consisting of an original style of gold plate, and the meth- od of attaching the teeth to it, were particularly noteworthy. The THE EXHIBITORS. 97 principal specialty exhibited was the artificial teeth upon aluminium metal plates, which process was the discovery of the eminent Wohler of Germany, in 1828, and now manufactured exclusively by this ex- hibitor. This metal is the lightest known, and hence very desirable for the purpose used, and specimens exhibited at the Illinois State Fair in 1872 were awarded a silver medal for the excellence they possessed. 15. — Sam'l S. White, 14 and 16 Madison street, Chicago. Por- celain Teeth, Dental Instruments and Furniture. A large and fine display, consisting of artificial teeth in great variety, and specimens of dental instruments of every kind and style known to the profes- sion. Several luxurious dental chairs of the Harris patent, formed a prominent part of this display. This house is beyond question the largest establishment in dental supplies in the United States, the manufactory and central depot being located at Philadelphia, branches of which are established in New York, Boston and Chicago ; the lat- ter branch being established in 1858 under the management of S. R. Bingham, who still remains at its head. This house has received fifty-one first premiums for goods displayed at various Exposi- tions including one from each of the great world's fairs, of London, Paris and New York, the crowning laurel to which is now added the grand diploma of honor recently awarded at the Vienna Exposition. SECTION 8. Apparatus and Instruments for Instruction and Scientific Investigation, Optical histrtiinents, etc. I. — W. H. Bullock, i South Clark street, Chicago. Microscopes, and Mathematical Instruments, comprising Quadrants, Sextants, , Compasses, and a large variety of instruments used for navigation and philosophical purposes. 2. — J. G. Langguth, 82 State street, Chicago. Optical, Mathe- matical and Philosophical Instruments. The exhibition made by this exhibitor was large and varied, and consisted of a complete assortment of spectacles of all kinds and styles, barometers, ther- mometers ; cosmorama lenses of large size, being eight inches in diameter; a selected assortment of the finest opera glasses, tele- scopes, pocket lenses, microscopes and accessories ; microscopic 7 98 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. specimens ; transits, levels, compasses ; Swiss, French and German drawing instruments; chemical glassware, etc., the most promi- nent feature of the display being the electric light, exhibited upon several occasions during the Exposition with great success. 3. — NiEKEL & Strassberger, 47 LaSallc street, Chicago. Sur- veying Instruments. Two elegant instruments for surveyor's use were shown by these exhibitors, which were manufactured by them, consisting of a transit and level, both finely finished, and showing a marked degree of superior workmanship attained by few firms in this line.- 4. — Dr. John Phillips, 120 Fourth avenue, Chicago. Optical, Microscopic, and Mathematical Instruments. A very attractive display of the above named goods, consisting of spectacles, eye glasses, telescopes, barometers, opera glasses, etc. The optical goods shown were all of the exhibitor's own manufacture ; the human eye, of which a large model was displayed, being his specialty and the study of a life-time. Although the display of this exhibitor was attractive, yet two faded testimonials, contained in a glass case, seemed 10 be the center of attraction, one being ^from the lamented late President Lincoln, and the other from Governor Yates, both of which gentle- men's letters were highly flattering to the skill of the exhibitor as an occulist of deserving merit. 5. — E. Payson Porter, 159 LaSalle street, Chicago. Sholes & Gledden's Type Writer. This is a truly novel little machine, by the use of which the operator is enabled to produce copy in the form of print with twice the rapidity of the penman, and with the most perfect ease. It is adapted for merchants, lawyers, editors, authors, etc. It requires no especial skill in its manipulation, and one may readily become able to write from sixty to eighty words per minute. The motion of the hand is free, easy, and unconstrained, so that the m.onotonous move- ment of the pen is avoided and the labor of writing performed with far less fatigue to the muscles of the hand and arm. This machine is in constant use at the National Telegraph College, of which the exhibitor is proprietor, and who is also agent for the sale of this valuable machine. The operation of this machine is simple. A set of keys similar to those of a piano, upon each of which is a letter of the alphabet. The operator presses upon a key, and by the mechan- ical construction of this machine a letter is printed upon the paper corresponding with the key touched. This little invention is destined to lessen the arduous labors of the copyist, and is hailed with favor by the telegraph operators and press of the country. THE EXHIBITORS. 99 6. — M. PoLACHECK, 76 Madison street, Chicago. Telescopes, Microscopes, Mathematical, Magic, and Philosophical Instruments. The display made by this exhibitor was a valuable one, and highly attractive for its variety and the fine quality of goods shown. Especially noticeable was a full line of opera glasses of every style of case, from ordinary Japan to the valuable mother-of-pearl and gold mounted. Microscopes of every kind, ranging in value from one dollar to eight hundred. Telescopes from pocket size to the immense instrument for astronomical observations. Mathematical, surveyor's and engineer's instruments were exhibited in gre-at variety. The optical goods displayed were of the finest kind, and comprised all the most approved lenses known to the optician. The entire display was complete in its appointments in this line of goods, and arranged with much care. SECTION 9. Telegraphy — Electrical Apparatus and Instruments. I. — Geo. H. Bliss & Co., 41 Third avenue, Chicago. Telegraph Instruments, Supplies, and Electrical Apparatus. The system of telegraphy, like every other great human convenience, has received the attention of the master minds of the age. Among the various improvements made and apparatus in use in the telegraph, may be mentioned the following exhibited by the above firm, who are the introducers and manufacturers. The gas-lighting apparatus exhib- ited is a perfect invention, and nothing approaching it in complete- ness has yet been invented. By the use of this system of lighting street lamps by electricity, the entire streets of a great city can be illuminated to any required extent within ten minutes. The same system is also adapted to the lighting of great halls, places of amuse- ment, etc. It is a wonderful illustration of human genius. Another apparatus in this display was the hotel annunciator and fire alarm, which, in addition to a ready means of communication with each room in the house, operates automatically, in such a manner as to announce promptly at the office an unsafe degree of heat in any room in the house. There was also exhibited by this firm many other apparatuses of their manufacture, but an extended description, though interesting, would fill more space than can be devoted. The 100 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. little telegraph instruments are akin to the press in power, and are certainly mightier than the swoid, as they are the means used to annihilate time and space, and were we deprived of their use, and of the telegraph, the entire business of the world would be paralyzed. These exhibitors are among the largest manufacturers of telegraph apparatus in the country, and their display was very large, and the instruments shown received the highest praise from those fully able to know of what they spoke, .being professionals and telegraph experts. 2.— Electric Improvement Co., Galesburg, 111. A . Case of highly finished Telegraphic Instruments manufactured by this Com- pany, containing many valuable improvements of their origination. To professionals this case was the source of much admiration, and by whom the instruments therein contained were pronounced perfect gems. 3. — Edwin Spear, 154 Madison street, Chicago. Holmes' Bur- glar Alarm Telegraph and Electric Hotel Annunciator. The first mentioned article calls for a description, from the many benefits aris- ing therefrom, and the merits it contains. One bell only is required for the entire house. The bell is located in the sleeping room, and is operated upon the same principle, and by the same power, exactly, that operates our telegraphs throughout the country. Every exposed door or window of the house is connected with this bell by telegraph wires and springs; but not a wire, or spring, or machinery of any kind, but the bell, can be seen in the house. The indicator shows which window or door the burglar has opened. It can be introduced into any house without defacing it in the least ; not a board is re- moved ; not a mark or scratch can be seen in consequence ; it occa- sions no inconvenience whatever. The whole arrangement is con- trolled in your room by a switch on the bell, which attaches the entire house at night, and detaches it in the daytime. It is particu- jarly valuable during a temporary absence of the family. As a means of communicating to a stable or other out-building it is superior to any and all other means used. The simple touch of a small spring, arranged in your sitting-room, or any or several parts of the house, rings the bell at the stable. The doors and windows of your stable can be connected with the same bell in your room. The alarm can be set for a part of the house, and not of the whole, if desired. Windows can be left open for ventilation, and the alarm given if they are moved from their respective places. If at THE EXHIBITORS. loi window or door is carelessly or purposely left open at night, the bell gives notice. The bell can be located in any part of the house, or in another building, without regard to the distance from the prem- ises protected. It is an ingenious little machine, and one for which the patentee is entitled to the thanks of the whole country. 4. — The Western Electric Manufacturing Company, 220 Kinzie street, Chicago. Electric and Telegraphic Instruments, Wire, Batteries, etc., etc. One of the most attractive displays in the build- ing was made by this Company, not only to professionals, but to the general public. The immense resources of this Company in the way of labor-saving and costly machinery was fully demonstrated in their exhibition of switch-boards, instruments, etc., of the finest workmanship and finish. An important fact is, that all the parts of the Western Electric Company's instruments are accurately dupli- cated by machinery without hand filing or finishing, the result being the same uniformity and accuracy which characterize their instru- ments throughout the country. An especially noteworthy feature of their display was a large switch-board, enclosed in a heavily carved and ornamental case of black walnut, which was manufactured by this Company for the United States naval observatory at Washing- ton. The front is protected from dust or interference by a sash con- taining a single sheet of plate glass, which is pushed upward, giving access to the plugs on the front of the board. Upon the top of the case were the letters U. S. N, O., neatly blended in a monogram. The cost of this switch-board to manufacture was twelve hundred dollars, and it would appear that Uncle Sam, for once^ received the full worth of his money. Another attractive feature of this Com- pany's display was the little instrument manufactured for the Gold and Stock Telegraph Company, called the "Gray printer." This wonderful little instrument, occupying hardly as much space as a small clock, prints its messages at the rate of thirty to forty words per minute, on a narrow strip of paper. The noise made by the wonder is less than that of a sewing machine, while its beauty of construction makes it highly ornamental. The letters are all engraved on the rim of a delicate wheel, about the size of a quarter silver dollar. Under this runs the paper, while over is a little felt ink roller, which inks the types, or letters, as the wheel revolves. Two rows of buttons in front, on the base, are marked with the letters and such pauses as are needed — -comma, period, etc. To write upon it you press down one button, which starts the letter wheel of your I02 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. own and of all other instruments connected with it, revolving rapidly. Now press down in siiccession the marked buttons, as slowly or as rapidly as you desire, and every instrument, wherever located, prints your message, and at whatever speed you write or print ; as the paper only moves a certain distance after each letter, the message is always perfectly spaced and printed. It is not necessary that you should be present, even, when a message is being sent to you. The paper is started, controlled and printed upon by y^ur correspondent at a dis- tance, and when you return to your office after an absence you find your message printed and awaiting your attention. There is no clock- work, weight, or spring ; the whole thing is moved by the invisible sprite — electricity, and that with a speed and accuracy that is marvel- ous. Thousands of these instruments are in use by manufacturers, connecting their factories and offices; by merchants, between stores and warehouses, and between offices and dwellings. The wires are stretched over the house-tops and on poles, running all distances, from two miles to forty. These instruments are manufactured by the V/estern Electric Manufacturing Company under the immediate supervision of Mr. Gray, the patentee, and are claimed by the manu- facturers to be the most simple, complete and best printers yet made, and cite the increasing demands for these instruments in proof of their claims. The general display made by this Company was an especially fine one, and for which they are entitled to great credit. DEPARTMENT "B." ©iijects iiiseti in Bb)ellmgis anti for pergonal SHear. SECTION I. Furniture^ Picture and Lookmg - Glass Frames, Book- Cases, Ornamental Wood- Work, etc. I. — Ames & Frost, 255 South Halsted street, Chicago. Exhibit- ed samples of the U. S. Spring Bed Bottom, which they manufacture. This bed when ready for use shows no peculiar features, other than an easy spring bottom of ordinar)'" manufacture, but it can be rolled up in a small compact compass, or, as it is more properly termed, portable. This bed is highly spoken of by competent judges as pos- sessing many points of excellence. THE EXHIBITORS. 103 2. — M. Anderson, 82 State street, Chicago. Show Cases. The cases exhibited by this house were models of fine workmanship, being composed of French plate glass and nickel plated frames, and were taken out of stock on hand, and not made for exhibition. 3. — A. H. Andrews & Co., 166-170 State street, Chicago. Office, School, and Church Furniture. One of the largest exhibitions of this line of goods ever made, was displayed by this firm, who are the most extensive manufacturers of church and school furniture west of New York. The exhibition of their goods consisted of Andrews' patent gothic. "Triumph" school desks, six sizes, folding slat seat and back ; superintendent's, principal's and teacher's desks, in great variety ; fine office desks ; elaborate office and library chairs ; letter- press stands, etc. : Dill's excelsior marquetry flooring and chess tables, of inlaid choice woods; Camp's new outline school maps, Hol- brook's new globes and apparatus, zoological charts, blackboards, etc. One particularly noticeable article was a parlor round table, inlaid with 85,000 pieces of choice woods. The entire display was highly commendable, being in great variety and admirably arranged. 4. — Daniel Barclay, 141 State street, Chicago. Show Cases. Some fine specimens of show cases were shown by this exhibitor, in both metal and wood frames. One large case, with nickel plated mountings, was a fine piece of workmanship. 5. — Chas. Brachvogel, 261 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Pier and Mantel Glasses, Chromos, Engravings, etc., in Gold and Walnut Frames. One gold frame French plate pier glass of entirely new design was much admired. Several very beautiful Chromos, bouquet tables, etc., completed this neat display. 6. — J. W. Bent, 207 and 209 East Monroe street, Chicago. Exhib- ited Osgood's Patent Improved Extension Table, a novel invention. These tables do away entirely with the trouble of the common ex- tension, in taking out and replacing the leaves ; also in extending and closing the slides, which often consume much time and strength. The leaves always-remain attached to the table, and when closed are folded neatly underneath, which does not injure their beauty or obstruct their use. So simple are they in construction that a small child could open and close them with perfect ease. This house also exhibited refrigerators and ice-boxes of their own manufacture. The merits of these goods are well-known, as it is claimed this house is the oldest manufacturer of refrigerators in the country. 7. — L. C. Boyington, 753, 755 and 757 State street, Chicago, 104 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. Spring Beds and Cots. This display consisted of a variety of spring beds of the following patents ; Anderson's, Monroe's, Dougherty's Baxter's and Robbins, all well and popular known beds, but perhaps the most popular of those on exhibition was the old reliable Monroe spring bed, with which the celebrated Palmer House is furnished throughout, which fact should place this bed in the foremost rank of all patent spring beds of the present day. This exhibitor also showed some line specimens of patent spring cots ; also the canvass army cot, camp-stools, etc. All these goods were manufactured by the exhibitor. 8. — Emanuel Brunswick & Co., 47 and 49 State street, Chicago. Billiard Tables. This well-known firm had on exhibition one of their celebrated billiard tables, elegantly inlaid with many kinds of fancy woods, which was a fair specimen of the usual first-class pro- ductions of these exhibitors, and reflected credit upon their skill and ability to compare with any house in the northwest. 9. — The J. M. Brunswick & Balke Company, 62 Lake street, Chicago. Billiard Tables. An interesting feature of the Exposition was the display made by this. Company. The principal attraction of the exhibition was a magnificent billiard table manufactured by them. In this exquisite work of art no less than thiriy-two different woods were employed, the various shadings of which produced an ensemble of beauty rarely to be found in any exhibition of the wood- worker's art.' This table was furnished with the standard Phelan cSi Collender cushion, which is undoubtedly the best article of the kind ever made. Another very beautiful table was shown of the style so favorably known to the trade as the " Novelty." It was of rosewood and maple, perfect in all its proportions and of finished workmanship. This style of billiard table has become immensely popular, which fact is fully demonstrated by the unprecedented num-. ber manufactured and sold by the Company up to the present time,' .no less than Nine Hundred and Eighty of these tables having been disposed of since their first introduction here six months ago. The table on exhibition was furnished with the patent steel ribbon cushion, a specialty of this house, and for which they have the ex- clusive right in the west. This cushion is greatly admired by experts at the game, owing to its superior elasticity and durability. The exhibition made by this celebrated firm was one of which they may justly feel proud, it fully illustrating the workmanship of the com- pany, for which their goods have become so deservedly popular. THE EXHIBITORS. 105 10. — James Croghan, 720 West Madison street, Chicago. Crog- ban's Patent (Combined Chair, Sofa, Bed and Table. Among the many novelties in the furniture line, this article may be considered certainly the most ingenious, as vvell as economical, that has yet been placed before the public for approval. This article merits a more extended description than can be here afforded it. Each combina- tion forms the article perfectly, making an ornamental table for dining or other purposes, an easy chair, a luxurious sofa, and most comfort- able bed. Certainly for economy this article cannot be excelled, and deserves public attention. II. — W. H. Clark, 294 State street, Chicago. Heath's Patent Reclining Chair and Invalid Bed. This chair appears to be a valu- able invention for the sick room. It is so arranged that any person can act as nurse, and with very slight effort can raise the patient from a horizontal to a sitting posture, can raise or lower the feet or change the patient to any position they desire, as the exigencies of the case may demand. 12.— Chicago Iron Bedstead Manufacturing Co., Van Buren and Desplaines streets, Chicago. Iron Bedsteads of various styles and Children's Cribs. This Company manufacture many different kinds of their goods, and their patent dovetailed wrought iron bed- stead is pronounced superior to any other manufactured, and all their goods are warranted to give satisfaction. Their patent folding bed- stead is not only a useful but decidedly novel invention. 13. — Chicago Curtain Fixture Co., 145 South Clinton street, Chicago, Magic Curtain Fixtures. In the us*e of a shade it is very often desirable to hav^ light and ventilation from the upper portion of the window while the lower part remains shaded. For this reason the shade should be let down from the top as readily as the sash. The magic fixtures operate the shade equally well in either direction by means of two endless cords, one rolling it down from the top, the other raising it from the bottom. Air, light, and sunshine are thus admitted, excluded, and regulated at any portion of the window, securing light and ventilation with privacy whenever desired. The invention is a useful one, and an article that has long been much needed. 14. — Z. Cobb & Sons, 293 West Adams street, Chicago. Cobb's Patent Elliptic Steel Springs, Specimens of these springs were ex- hibited applied to several peices of upholstered furniture. These springs are manufactured from the finest quality of steel, flattened, io6 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. and wire tempered, and resemble buggy springs in appearance. They have been adopted by the PuUman Palace Car Co., and also by many leading railroad companies, all of whom are unanim.ous in their endorsement of the superiority of these springs. They are adapted to furniture of all kinds where springs are required, and for car seats are without a rival. They seem to be preferable to any now in use, and the invention will doubtless be as profitable to the inventor as it is beneficial to the public. 15. — George W. Grosscup, 702 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa. Combined Chair and Lounge. A patented article capable of being converted into either piece of furniture named. Its construction is simple, and in appearance very neat. 16. — Thomas Clancey, 314 Twenty-second street, Chicago. A model of a full-rigged ship. Although of miniature size, the vessel was perfect in all parts, the maker having a thorough knowledge of the subject he was representing. 17. — Decorative Wood Carpet Coinipany, Warren, 111., A. J. Griffin & Co., Agents, 163 LaSalle street, Chicago. Wood carpet and parquet floors. This material is manufactured from oak, walnut, cedar, and other contrasting colors of wood, and when laid upon the floor resembles the rich mosaic inlaid work so common in Germany, France, and Italy, and without which no house is complete there. The wood is cut into slabs of uniform width, one-quarter of an inch in thickness, which are firmly cemented to canvas. It is laid down in ornamental designs, to suit the taste or caprice, and becomes at once an elegant and indispensable carpeting. It is equally as elab- orate as the celebrated French floors, which the visitor to Paris so much admires. It has a beautiful surface finish, susceptible of high polish, and is easily kept clean and in perfert order. As a wain- scoting it will last as long as the house stands, and only decays with the edifice itself. The wainscoting shown was very elegant in design and produced a fine eff'ect. 18. — Dixon & Co., 134 Lake street, Chicago. Assortment of Show-Cases in nickel plated and wood frames. One elegant show- case was a marvel of workmanship. It was some fifteen feet in length, nickel plated frame, and but one plate of glass covered the top, and but one the front and ends. This firm are among the foremost in the manufacture of these goods, and their work has the reputa- tion of being second to none made in Chicago. These exhibitors THE EXHIBITORS. 107 also supplied some of their popular cases for many other exhibitors, which were displayed in all parts of the building. 19. — Thomas Driver, 90 W. Harrison street, Chicago. Speci- mens of Sash, Blinds, and Doors, showing good workmanship. 20. — Empire Parlor Bedstead Co., 383 West Madison street, Chicago. In a space neatly carpeted were exhibited a number of the parlor bedsteads, showing the various combinations they pos- sessed. This bedstead is an elegant piece of furniture, convertible at pleasure into a perfect bed, and occupies only one-fourth the space of a common bedstead, represents a book case, dressing case, ward- robe, sideboard, etagere, high desk, and high and low desk combined, as one may desire. This piece of furniture was justly pronounced the greatest of all inventions in the furniture line. 21. — F. FiSHBECK & Co., 809 W. Lake street, Chicago. Patent Lounge. This article can be converted into a luxurious spring bed in a moment's time, and with very little trouble, It is simple and highly ornamental, and of the many articles of like character pre- sented for public favor, the lounge shown by this firm seemed supe- rior in many respects to all others. 22. — J. Hyde Fisher, 50 State street, Chicago. The Fisher Refrigerator. An elegant large specimen of the celebrated " Fisher" was exhibited, the materials of construction being butternut, with black walnut trimmings. This refrigerator is self-ventilating, and notable for its preserving qualities. The one exhibited was filled with meats, fruits, etc., which were placed within its preserving con- fines upon the opening of the Exposition, and were not removed until its close, and were then as perfect as when they were placed there. A more convincing proof of the " Fisher's" superior quali- ties over all other refrigerators need not be desired. 23. — W. E. Frost & Co., 144 i6th street, Chicago. Specimens of Doors, etc. This firm exhibited some excellent workmanship in the doors shown, which were made for the new Tremont House. 24. — Goodwillie & GooDWiLLiE, 35 Ohio street, Chicago. Wal- nut Ovals, Pier and Square Frames, Gilt Linings and Mouldings. The goods of this firm were displayed encircled by the largest wal- nut oval ever turned in the west, and were in various sizes, to one of diminutive proportions. The display was especially fine and reflected just credit upon the exhibitors by whom they were manufactured. 25. — A. L. Hale & Bro., 10 to 16 North Canal street, Chicago. Fine Furniture. In this display were shown marvelously wrought io8 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. chamber suites, sideboards, chairs, sofas, etc., of the latest designs, of which particular mention should be made of a superb library suite, upholstered in black Turkish morocco, an elegant parlor suite upholstered in silk terry. Also a massive lodge chair, upholstered m fine blue velvet, all of which were manufactured by this firm (as is all of their fine work) and taken from their stock in warerooms for the Exhibition, and not made for the occasion. Chamber suites of elegant new designs, reception chairs, bouquet tables, elaborately carved and inlaid, completed this notable display. This firm are champions of good work and good taste, and their immense business is done purely upon the solid merits of their wares. . The exhibition made by them will not soon be forgotten by its many admirers, and reflected much credit upon this deservedly popular firm. 26. — W. F. Huntington & Co., 272 State street, Chicago. Spring Beds and Cots. This bed is simple in construction, very durable, and guaranteed to be the best bed made for the money. One fact is certainly in favor of 'this bed, and that is some fifteen or twenty of Chicago's popular hotels are furnished with it, and all speak highly of its qualities. 27. — Hart & Co., 177 Center avenue, Chicago. Clothes-Dryer and Clothes-Bars, containing useful improvements. 28. — Edgar A. Hill, Sheboygan, Wis. Children's Carriages. A fine assortment of these articles were exhibited manufactured by the exhibitor. 29. — Chas. F. Islander, 476 West Indiana street, Chicago. The display made by this exhibitor although consisting of but two articles — a Writing Desk ai-fd Parlor Table — deserve particular notice and praise. The desk was a perfect gem, and intended for a lady's use. It was composed of French walnut, finely carved, and black- lined to imitate ebony trimmings, the little drawers and apartments inside being composed of silver wood. The table part being covered by a fine quality of crimson cloth, presented a decided contrast to the delicate colored wood composing the interior. The cost of this elegant article was $400. The parlor table exhibited was a marvel of workmanship, the top being solid ebony inlaid with fancy woods and mother-of-pearl, and represented a basket of flowers of several hues, which was excellently well done, and would have readily passed for the work of the painter, so correct were the shadings, etc., portrayed. The pedestal of the table was elaborately carved, representing cupids, etc. The cost was $350. Mr, Islander THE EXHIBI TOR S. 109 may well feel gratified with the results of his labor upon these arti- cles which are deserving of more than passing mention. 30. — David W. Jenkinson, 293 State street. Chicago. Pier and Mantel Mirrors. Two elegant mirrors were exhibited of very large size, finely framed in heavy gold frames. Although this display was lacking in variety, yet of the quality this could not be said, being as magnificent specimens in this line as was shown by any exhibitor in the building. 31. — Geo. Keller, hi Madison street, Chicago. This display consisted of wood mouldings of every description, and mirrors and picture frames in great variety. In the arrangement much good taste was evinced, and the exhibition was neat and attractive. 32. — John Kraus, 219 Blue Island avenue, Chicago. A Black Walnut Chamber suite, consisting of bedstead, dressing case and two chairs. To describe this magnificent suite as it deserves w^ould occupy too much space, and then do but faint justice to it. To say it was elegant, elaborate, or most beautiful, would but faintly express its qualities. It was of black walnut, richly paneled with French walnut and superbly carved, and was a marvel of workmanship and one of which the exhibitor may justly feel proud, as it fully com- pared with any suite of furniture in the building. The carving on the four pieces was made to correspond. The top of the bureau was of the finest Tennessee marble, and the mirror heavy French plate. The cost of the suite to manufacture was $1,500. ;^;^. — D. Kelley & Co., Muskegon, Mich. Exhibited a model of Kelley's Patent Weather-Proof Window Blind. This invention, not only being highly useful, is at the same time simple. The' slats of the blind are so constructed that when closed each slat fits over the other in such a manner as to effectually exclude the weather in winter and the dust in summer. This blind is undoubtedly destined to come in general use, and great credit is due the inventor for so useful and necessary an invention. 34. — Joseph Keitz, State street, Chicago. This exhibitor made a commendable display of Picture and Mirror frames, Mantle and Pier glasses, in great variety. 35. — Lausiedel, WiCKi & Co., 562 West Sixteenth street, Chicago. Ornamental Sideboard. This piece of furniture was a masterpiece of workmanship ; elaborately carved and inlaid, with Tennessee marble top. Suspended over the top was the motto: "Ever new is Fantasy." Perhaps no single piece of furniture in the building no EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. attracted as much attention. The cost to manufacture this elegant article was $2,000. 36. — Michigan School Furniture Co., Northville, Mich. Geo. R. Salisbury, 343 West Madison street, Chicago, who represents the above Company at all points west of the Missouri river, exhibited school furniture of this Company's manufacture. Of the school desks exhibited, many points of excellence commend themselves in these desks as superior to any others exhibited. 37. — John Monzel, 266 State street, Chicago. Fine Furniture. Particularly noticeable in this display was a parlor suite of seven pieces, which cost one thousand dollars to manufacture. It was up- holstered in green English silk damask (imported at twenty dollars per yard in gold), with puffing of yellow satin, and a heading of cord, no yards of which was used for this purpose. The frames were of black walnut, inlaid with French walnut, and finely enameled with black, gilt and green. This suite attracted much attention, not only for its beauty and richness, but for its plain and subdued style, there being nothing gaudy or common in its appearance. Another attrac- tive feature in this display was an elaborately carved sideboard of solid black walnut, with Tennessee marble top. This article was hand-made, and a fine piece of workmanship, much skill being shown in the carving of the center piece representing a shepherd attacked by a tiger and his dog coming to the rescue. This was done by Mr. Monzel himself, and shows him not only to be a dealer in fine work, but a workman of the same as well. Another piece of fine furniture in this display was a massive walnut hat rack, made by Mr. Monzel, which cost $850. The mirror in center of same was 32x78. The rack was of entirely new design, and finely carved. Several ladies' chairs, upholstered in fine quaUty of satin of delicate hues, completed the display, which was highly creditable to the exhibitor, and was but a fair representation of the goods manufactured at his establishment. 38. — Mueller & Glceckler, 62^ Clybourn avenue, Chicago. A large display of Wall Pockets, Clocks, Shelves, Picture Frames, and Brackets. The goods exhibited by this firm were manufactured by them, and made of black walnut. Some of the wall pockets and brackets were particularly noticeable from their being elaborately carved, and was the largest exhibition of this line of goods made by any exhibitor in the building. 39. — Dr. O. L. Mason, East Saginaw, Mich. Lamb's Parlor Settee. This settee or lounge is the invention of a blind man, and THE EXHIBITORS. Ill is easily changed into a spring bed, and when so changed it is the same height from the floor as when used as a settee. It has a drop head so that the whole length is used for a bed. This is a comfort- able spring bed when opened, and an elegant parlor settee when closed, and is a particularly desirable article of furniture suited to the double purpose of settee and bed, and is undoubtedly the best yet invented. 40. — Frank Mayer & Co., 302-314 South Clinton street, Chicago. Bedsteads and Patent Cradle. This firm exhibited some fine speci- mens of walnut bedsteads and cradles, the latter being furnished with a patent appliance by which it was rocked, consisting of a treadle at- tached to the side of the cradle, which was hung in a frame, render- ing the task of "rocking the cradle" a less laborious one than formerly. 41. — McDoNOUGH, Price & Co., 416 and 418 West Randolph street, Chicago. Lounges, Folding Sofas and Spring Beds. An attractive display was presented by this firm, composed of the above goods, noticeable among which was a parlor suite of seven pieces, upholstered in silk terry, the sofa of the suite being the celebrated patent folding article, which can, in a moment's time, be converted into a luxurious spring bed. 42. — Northwestern Show Case Manufacturing Company, 59 and 61 South Canal street, Chicago. Show Cases of various styles and material, apparently well and substantially made and finely finished. 43. — James Nesbett & W. H. Jones, 154 East Madison street, Chicago. Patent Window Frame. This invention possesses many advantages, among which are, that the sash can be taken out without the removal of the stops or parting beads, and is so simple that a child can operate it. It is recommended by all architects and practical builders as supplying a want long felt. Can be applied to windows in houses already occupied without marring or defacing the wood-work, and with no inconvenience to the family. 44. — National School Furniture Company, 113 and 115 State street, Chicago. School and Church Furniture, and School Requisites. This Company made a fine display of school desks, maps, charts, globes, church furniture, etc. A specialty of this Company's man- ufacture was Peard's patent folding desk and seat combined. This desk contains some ingenious and important improvements, promi- nent of which is a seat hinge, which allows a continuous curved seat IT2 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. and back, and a patent brace which precludes the possibility of the desk becoming at all shak)^ The desk has been adopted by the Boards of Education in many of the principal cities, and gives uni- versal satisfaction. All the goods exhibited by this Company appeared to have been manufactured with especial aim to comfort, durability and elegance. 45. — Occidental Manufacturing Company, Gano street, Chi- cago. Perfection Baby Jumper. This article is an ingenious in- vention, highly indorsed by the medical fraternity, and consists of a light pyramid frame, and a light suspended circular seat. The frame stands strong and firm, about five feet high and three feet square at the base, but folds into smaller compass when desirable to move it. The seat is suspended fiom the top of the fraaie by a set of elastic and adjustable straps, so that the baby's toes just touch the floor in jumping. The seat itself is exceedingly ingenious, and must be seen in use to be fully appreciated. It supports a baby as comfortably and securely as when sitting in the mother's lap, at the same time that it allows full freedom to the movement of head and chest, and to the play of arms and legs, by which the baby amuses and satisfies itself. 46. — Patent Paper Safety Seat Co., 56 Clark street, Chicago. This Company exhibited specimens of their Patent Safety Seat Paper, an admirable invention for water closets, which consists of a sheet of patent medicated paper covering the seat, insuring protec- tion against disease, eic. Tliis paper is disposed of in packages of convenient size, and to travelers will prove an invaluable invention. 47. — C. S. Prindle, 166 and 170 State street, Chicago. Cabinet Billiard Tables. These tables are designed, for home amusement, and occupy but little space. The tops are in every way .like the ordinary billiard table, except in size and being portable. The cabinet table can be placed upon any stand or suitable support and 'leveled to perfect accuracy, by means of patent adjusters, which is very easily and quickly accomplished. The idea entire is of the exhibitor's conception, and covered by recent patents. For a parlor billiard table nothing has ever been introduced so novel and com- plete, and furnishing all the enjoyment of a regular game of billiards. The invention is commendable, and destined to meet with great favor among admirers of the game of billiards who desire . the requisites of the same at their own fireside. 48. — Payzant & Co., Room 2, 177 Madison street, Chicago. THE EXHIBITORS. 113 George Payzant's Patent Automatic Table Leaf Supporter and Three - Leaf Sewing Machine Table. The table leaf supporter exhibited is a valuable invention and is adapted to sewing machine tables and all kinds of family tables with leaves, and for many other purposes to which it can be applied. The table leaf supporter is a unique contrivance, formed of iron braces, one attached to the leaf, so as to swing, and the other fixed to the table. By raising the leaf the swinging brace falls by its own weight into position and holds the leaf up firmly, with no danger of becoming misplaced. This supporter can be easily adjusted, either to a sewing machine or a large family dining table, two sizes being furnished, as well as one of different style, for sewing machines, where the supporter has to be attached to a drawer or case of drawers. The patent three - leaf sewing machine table is one of the many valuable patents of the day, and for the use which it is intended cannot be excelled. It can be folded down to occupy little space, and is held in place by the leaf supporters. It is a useful attachment to the ordinary sewing machine, well worth the price, and calculated to add materially to the value of sewing machines, being handy for cutting and fitting work, and keeping the material from dragging on the floor. It is formed with a main table and three leaves ; one leaf in the rear, one at^the left end, and one that fills the corner. This table has been introduced with great success, and an immense business done in a short time through its merits. 49. — Refrigerating Company of Chicago, ioi South Water street, Chicago. A Model of a Refrigerator, patented by E. D. Brainard, of Albany, N. Y., from whom this Company have pur- chased the right of his improvements for refrigerating and dessicat- ing purposes, for the State of Illinois; and have organized to put them in successful operation in that State. These improvements consist in the use of inclined metallic surfaces as ceilings, combined with drip gutters to receive and carry away the water of condensa- tion as well as that of the melting ice. These ceilings are used over both the ice and refrigerating chambers, so as to produce a dry at- mosphere in each chamber. The operation is as follows : The ceil- ing over the refrigerating room is placed directly beneath the ice, and is thereby made cold as ice, or nearly so. The atmosphere in contact with this ceiling becoming cold, imparts its moisture to the under surface of the ceiling by way of condensation, and the air thus made cold and dry falls to the floor. The water adhering to the in- TI4 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. clined surface of the ceiling drips into the gutters underneath, and is at once carried from the chamber. This process is continued when- ever, from any cause, the- atmosphere in the cooling chamber be- comes heated or warmed, and ascends at once to the ceiling; there it parts with its heat and moisture, and descends into the chamber, cold and dry. The chamber thus becomes a preserving room in an eminent degree. These improvements were first introduced in 1868. Since that time they have been extensively adopted by brewers butchers, packers, fruiters, hotel keepers, etc., and also by families for domestic purposes. This Company have a large room, to which have been applied these improvements, at their office, which can be examined by parties interested in any branch of business requiring a low temperature and dry atmosphere. 50. — ScHRAM Bros. & Co., 70 and 72 West Washington street, Chicago. Mouldings and Picture Frames. All kinds of walnut, rosewood, and gilt picture frames were shown, together with mould- ings in great variety. The display was rendered very attractive by its artistic arrangement. The exhibitors are manufacturers, and all goods shown were made by them. 51. — W. Seng & "Co., 26 and 28 East Chicago avenue, Chicago. Seng's Patent Extension Bed Lounge and Adjustable Summer Rock- ing Chair. The latter article deserves special notice, from its decid- edly novel construction. This chair rocks on a framework which is immovable upon the floor. The bottom of the chair rests upon a bellows, from which is attached an air tube, the same running up the back of the chair and over the head of the occupant, who, when en- gaged in rocking, is gently fanned without exertion, as the rocking inflates the bellows and from which the air escapes through the tube and is used for the purpose already stated. To a close observer the chair only presents the appearance of an ordinary luxurious uphol- stered parlor rocker, all the novelties being entirely out of sight. 52. — Steph. Lenyard & Co., 443 West Van Buren street, Chi- cago. Stair Posts of Hard-wood, composed of two colors and elab- orately carved. The display was made up of several sizes of posts, which were fine specimens of hard-wood work, and well made. 53. — Sammons, Clark & Co., 197 and 199 South Clinton street, 'Chicago. One of the largest displays of Wood Mouldings was made iby this firm, consisting of walnut and gilt mouldings, for picture iframes and cornices, also mouldings in the white or unfinished state. They also exhibited a full line of square, oval, arch-top, and rustic THE EXHIBITORS. 115 picture frames, mirrors, chromos, engravings, etc., many of the latter goods being of their own importation. 54. — Sherwood School Furniture Co., 103 - 109 South Canal street, Chicago. School and Church Furniture of the latest and ^most approved styles. The variety of goods shown by this Company was not as large as they were capable of doing, as they are one of the oldest houses in this line in the northwest, having been established nearly a quarter of a century ago, and the reputation of their goods is universal. It is to be hoped that in future Expositions a display may be made by this Comjjany commensurate with their capabilities. 55. — W. W. Strong Furniture Company, 266 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Fine Parlor, Library, and Chamber Furniture, Mirrors, Drapery, etc. The display of this Company was very attractive, and consisted of several suites of furuiture of entirely new designs (original with this firm) very elaborately constructed, and marvels of beauty and elegance. Conspicuous was a parlor set of seven pieces, upholstered in pale blue satin, gold mounted frames, manu- factured to order by this Company for the bridal chamber of a prominent Chicago hotel. A suite of chamber furniture, consisting of three pieces, also attracted much attention. It'was made of solid walnut, inlaid, and French walnut panels. The design was some- thing entirely new. The outside foot of the bed formed a sofa, upholstered in Bismarck satin, and from the head was a canopy finely draped in silk corresponding in shade. The suite was par excellence^ and cost to manufacture ^2,500. This Company have the reputation of dealing exclusively in fine furniture, and if their exhibition is a fair representation of their goods the prefix is justly deserved. 56. — John F. Shultz, Chicago. Revolving Self- Waiting Dining Table. This invention is one that places tables in the front rank of perfected articles. It dispenses with attendants and the trouble of handling dishes. When used for dining, the central part is raised one-quarter of an inch by suitable apparatus, it will then easily revolve at the touch of one's finger., bringing any dish within easy reach. The outer rim is stationary, but can be removed in a moment, when after dining it is desirable the table should take up less space. 57.— Schaff Brothers, 255 and 257 Clybourne avenue, Chicago. Cylinder Desks, These desks are of an entirely new and improved style, and manufactured of black walnut, elegantly trimmed with Ii6 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. amboyne, ebony, and birds-eye maple. They are marvels of work- manship, and aside from their many points of superiority would commend themselves for their beauty alone. They are so con- structed that no dust can ever enter them, each joint being perfect. The nlechanism about them is simple, yet it is thorough. They are securely fastened by Schaff 's patent automatic lock, but one lock being required to secure each apartment in the desk. The display, although consisting of but two specimens^ was as attractive an exhibition as could be found in the building. This firm is entitled to great credit for the proficiency attained in the manufacture of their goods. 58. — Stephani, Monheimer & Hart, 191 and 193 Randolph street, Chicago. Billiard Table, Cue Rack, etc. The table manu- factured and exhibited by this firm was of rosewood, elaborately inlaid with ten different colors of costly imported woods, and was orna- mented on four corners each with an eagle carved artistically of rose- wood, with the America coat of arms in gilt. The cue rack, also, was carved of rosewood, ornamented with gilt, and filled with a handsome assortment of French cues of the exhibitors' own importation. Both the carved and inlaid' work on the billiard table, as well as cue rack was admitted by competent judges to be the finest and most costly pieces of workmanship ever produced in this city. The actual cost of this display was one thousand dollars. 59. — The Bradley Window Company, 817 Broadway, New York. Bradley's Patent Window. The mechanism of this article is simple, costing but little, and readily applied to any window, and al- lows the samic to open outwardly from the top, bottom, or at either sides, admitting the fresh air with no exposure to draught. It is specially adapted to cars, and is destined to add greatly to the com- fort of railway travelers in future by a thorough ventilation of the coaches, without the admission of dust, cinders, rain, snow, or other extraneous matter. This window is a valuable invention and meets requirements long felt by the community. 60. — The Stein Patent Burial Casket Co., Rochester, N. Y. Ornamental Burial Caskets. This display consists of six caskets, which are so elegant and chaste in design and finish that it would be difficult to conceive how they could be improved on. One of them is covered with black silk velvet, and upholstered with white satin and Venetian lace. This casket is fitted with a cover which opens on hinges and is secured with a lock. Another is of the same form THE EXHIBITORS. n? but covered with purple velvet and having a full glass top. A third is covered with rich black cloth and finished in the highest 'style. The remaining ones are for children, but made in the same elegant manner. i\ll of the above are mounted with new, elegant and origi- nal designs in siJver. The wood of which these caskets are formed have been subjected to a chemical process which forbids their decay for ages, and it is claimed for them that they will never fall apart. This casket is undoubtedly the finest and best piece of funeral fur- niture ever conceived. 6i. — M. Terhune, 46 State street, Chicago. Two Show Cases. These cases were of large size, the frames being of solid ebony, joined together with nickle plated metallic corners. These corners are an invention of the exhibitor, and manufactured solely by him. Besides making the cases indescribably beautiful, these corners also make them infinitely stronger than even the full metal case. The cases exhibited were of the " pentagonal " and " square front " styles, with French plate glass, and were finely finished and lined with vel- vet. To fully describe their elegance would be impossible. They were show-cases that could not be improved upon, and were perfect in all their appointments. 62 — The Woven Wire Mattress Co., of Hartford, Conn., and 286 State street, Chicago. Mattresses, Complete Beds and Hotel Cots of Woven Wire. Beds composed of this material are becoming very popular, and are used to a great extent. They are, undoubt- edly, a perfect bed in every particular, as they possess all the requisites of such, combining elasticity and softness with a perfect regard for hygienic cures, together with durability and simplicity of construction. By ingenious machinery, of this Company's own invention, wire, of the requisite size, is twisted into small coils, which are intricately interlocked, by a complicated process known as "double weaving," On an average, about eight thousand feet of wire are used in making each bed. The coils are almost half an inch in diameter, and in a bed of ordinary size some four hundred of these are used. So perfectly are these small coils interlocked that the pressure upon any one of them is difi"used over all of them, and thus their elasticity can never be injured, even by the most violent usage. To test this, one of these woven wire mattresses was subjected, for thirty days, to a weight of a thousand pounds, and, at the end of that time, when the weight was removed, the fabric came back to its place again, as level and perfect as if Il8 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. the weight had been but a single pound instead of a thousand. This fabric of woven wire is stretched upon a strong frame, and, by an ingenious arrangement of screws, which are so simply combined that they can be operated by any one, the "tension " of the maUress can be brought to any required point, thus giving an easier or a harder bed, as desired, making the fabric more or less elastic and springy, by the use of this continuous fabric, the mattress being in one piece, as it were, and supported all around by the frame. The necessity for using slats is avoided, and a perfectly noiseless bed is secured. The fabric is also so made that it can be rolled up, like a piece of cloth, and shipped in small bulk to any part of the country; its attach- ment to the frame when necessary, and its disengagement, being a simple matter of a few moments. The Company have numerous testimonials from all parts of the country, from hospitals, hotels, steamboats, public institutions and private individuals, where their beds have been used, that they give universal satisfaction, and are claimed by the Company to be the best beds in use. d-^. — C. H. Whipple, 306 State street, Chicago. A revertible and folding mattress, which is capable of being changed in a moment's time from a hard to as soft a bed as hair. It can be used with or without springs, which makes this bed a general favorite, and adaptable to the tastes of everybody. 64. — Wilson Adjustable Chair Co., No. 56 Clark street, Chi- cago. Three of their Patent Adjustable chairs, upholstered in striped terry and reps. This chair is capable of changing to six different positions, and forms a chair for the parlor, for the invalid, and for the sick, and is revertible to a lounge, a bed, and child's swinging crib. The frame-work of this wonderful chair is con- structed of iron, and is very strong and cannot get out of order, and is, withal, not only a highly useful but a very beautiful article of furniture, and combines beauty, strength, simplicity and comfort. 65. — Whittlesey & Peters, 129 La Salle street, Chicago. Peters' Improved Woven Wire Mattresses, Cots and Beds. This firm made an excellent display of the above unrivaled and popular goods, and a commendable feature was that a representative of these exhibitors was at all times present during the entire Exposition, to answer questions and display the many merits which their goods possessed. The peculiar merits of a mattress of woven coils of wire are as follows : A greater conformity to the body is attained than by any other device ; an evenly elastic surface is secured, that does not lose THE EXHIBITORS. 1 19 its shape by constant use. This elastic web requires only very light covering, which is easily handled and can be kept more thoroughly aired than the thick mattresses always necessary with other spring beds. To this important feature may be added the fact that no noise is made by moving upon it, either when new or after long use. This style of bed originated in Germany, and has been greatly improved by Mr. Peters since his arrival in this country, and espe- cially during his connection with Mr. Whittlesey. In this improved woven wire mattress the fabric is composed of doubly interwoven coils of superior bright spring wire, running the entire length of the bed. Each coil consists of two wires, interlocking with two other wires at every connection. This is stretched to the required tension upon a frame of seasoned hard maple, the corners of which are secured by plates of malleable iron, firmly bolted through the fram^e to the braces inside. Thus is secured a surface for the bedding of even elasticity and exceeding durability. To test the elasticity, over two thousand pounds were placed on one of these mattresses, of the usual tension, and left there several weeks. When it was removed the fabric resumed its perfect level, not being injured in the least by so severe a strain. These mattresses are made both in the ordinary and adjustable style. In the latter, the tension of the fabric can be changed at will, to softer or harder, as desired. This establishment also exhibited woven wire cots, with folding legs, and woven wire mattresses, with iron bedstead, complete (the head and foot of either wrought or cast iron). Very neat and durable articles for public or private institutions. dd. — Wilson, Peirce & Co., 182 Clark street, Chicago. .Adjust- able Weather Guards and Folding Chairs. The folding chair is a most perfect article, and capable of many combinations. It forms an easy chair, a child's crib and carriage, a lounge, a full length bed and an invalid's chair, thus combining y^z;^ distinct articles of furni- ture in one. It folds compactly and occupies but two feet square when folded, weighing only forty pounds. It is constructed with a light ^f ram e made of the best smooth wrought iron, neatly and securely Jriveted at every joint — the rivets forming the hinges on which the working parts move in making the various changes. Within this iron frame are fitted neat walnut frames, filled with cane, the one thoroughly bracing the other, forming a strong, light, and elastic frame, combining all the various articles of furniture described, and capable of being adjusted into every position required for ease, com- I20 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, fort and convenience. The adjustable weather guard exhibited by this firm and manufactured by them, was the Joseph Johnston's patent, and for which they have the exclusive right of the United States. This invention is something entirely new, and the old style of weather strips seem entirely superseded by the introduction of the adjustable weather guards which effectively exclude cold, dust, snow and rain, and stop the rattle of the sash. This valuable invention is applicable to windows and doors alike. The adjustable threshold is acknowledged by all to be the only invention yet produced that will positively exclude water, cold, dust, etc., from coming under the doors. The parts are made of hard wood, and are united by a strip of heavy, pure rubber. The rubber is let into the. wood pieces, and is securely fastened there, thus forming a rubber arch in the center. When the threshold is in its place, the rubber arch presses gently on the bottom of the door when closed, across the entire width, en- tirely excluding rain, etc. Its durability has been tested, and it will outwear any ordinary wooden threshold. It is impossible for it to get out of order, is easily swept over, and is, in short, the most dura- ble, simple and effectual weather protector that has yet been invented. These guards are also perfection for the complete stoppage of drafts or dust from all other parts of the door; and consist of a piece of rubber folded in the same manner as the last, but sewed nearer the bend, leaving two projecting strips of rubber. When applied to the door, it not only stops all openings, but it likewise stops the noise produced by the slamming of doors, as it forms a soft cushion for the door to close against. In the application of the guards to windows, the system is simple and thorough, and fulfills with great satisfaction all that is claimed for it. In examining windows it will be found that a long, narrow strip of wood fits into the frame, on either side and on the top, which separates the sash, and is out of sight on the lower sash, but visible on the upper sash. This is called ■the Parting Stop. This invention consists in an improvement in the window frame^ which is effected by the manufacture of a stop with a groove, in which is inserted a strip of stout rubber, which projects from its surface at an angle. A part is made of black walnut, maple, or other hard wood, as ordered, while the balance is rubber. The stop exhibited was such as is used on the sides of the frame. When the old stop is removed, and this put in its place, the change effected is wonderful. All drafts are at once stopped. No dust can enter. The rubber presses firmly against the sash, but not so as to interfere THE EXHIBITORS, 12 1 in the least with its free motion. It is not seen at all on the lower sash, thereby gaining an immense advantage over every weather strip yet invented. It is apart and parcel of the frame itself, and not an extra thing attached to it. It will last as long as the sash or frame lasts, seeing that rubber never loses its elasticity. It does not inter- fere with the putting in of window screens. The invention of the adjustable weather guard is a most valuable one, and entitled to much consideration from the public, who are ever desirous of adopting the best article in market, and from a careful examination of the adjust- able guard it must be frankly admitted that they are vastly superior over all others in use. 67. — James D. Wilder, 273 West Randolph street, Chicago. The display of this exhibitor consisted of Liquid Slating, Inde- structible Black-Board, School Tablets, and other articles of school furnishing. 68. — A. Zeller, 24 and 26 West Washington street, Chicago. Billiard Table. This exhibitor displayed one of his unrivaled tables which was a marvel of workmanship, being constructed of many kinds of fancy woods and elaborately inlaid. All the tables manu- factured by this house are made with the same first-class quality of marble or slate beds, cushions, cloth, etc. ; the extra charge on higher priced tables being made for ornamentation. The exhibitor has had over fifteen years' practical experience as an inventor, pat- entee and manufacturer, and all his goods are noted for their superior cushions, which, for elasticity, durability and correctness of angles, are claimed to have no equal. SECTION 2. Glassware, China, Porcelain, Lamps, Gas Fixtures, etc. I. — Burley & Tyrrell, 274, 276 and 278 Wabash avenue, Chi- -cago. China, Glassware, etc. The goods exhibited by this old estab- lished house were of the finest quality, and compared favorably with the reputation of the firm, which was formed some forty years ago. The display comprised bronzes, statuary, imported clocks, china and glassware; the most attractive feature being an elegant French china dinner set of 250 pieces, and valued at one thousand dollars. 2, — Ira P, Bowen & Co., 262 and 264 Wabash avenue, Chicago. 122 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. Crockery, China, Glassware, etc. Another highly attractive display of goods in this line was made by the well known house of these exhibitors, and consisted of plain and fancy goods in china and glass and other wares, lamp goods, silver plate ware, kerosene chandeliers, decorated china sets of matchless beauty and in bewildering variety, varying from J55 to $500; white china sets of 150 pieces, specialties in table sets, cologne sets, vases, smoking sets, toilet bottles, jarden- iers, fancy lamps, etc. 3. — Abram French & Co., loi and 103 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Fine China and Glassware. Artistically arranged upon walnut shelv- ing were samples of fine china ware, also specimens of crockery, glassware, Bohemian fancy goods, and Parian statuary. In an ele- gant show case was exhibited silver plated goods, fine cutlery, and table ware. A beautiful stand of bronzes completed the display of this well-known house. 4. — Illinois Glass Company, Alton, 111. Glassware. This Com- pany made a display of the wares manufactured by them, consisting of all kinds of glassware in great variety. 5. — A. N. Kellogg, 77 Jackson street, Chicago. Rotary Table Waiter. Its design is, chiefly, to promote the convenience of the guest, and to lessen the need of expensive, not to speak of clumsy and embarrassing personal service. It consists essentially of an upright standard, with two revolving tiers of six small metal plates (or platelets) each ; those of the lower tier being intended for the reception of tea-plates, with bread, butter, cakes, crackers, cold meat, and other minor dishes of the table, while the upper tier is fitted for table vessels, such as cream, syrup, and spoon cups, sugar bowl, and the usual articles of the castor. The tiers rotate independently, at a mere touch of the hand. The waiter is twenty-one inches in extreme diameter, and in height to the top, or rim of the bouquet-holder which surmounts it, is a little less than seventeen inches. The general ap- pearance of the waiter is that of a large, elaborate and handsome two-story caster. The whole structure and its metal furniture was plated with the very best double silver plate, in the most durable manner. 6. — E. C. Lawrence & Co., 105 State street, Chicago. Fine China, Crockery, Glassware, etc. The specimens of goods shown by this house were of the finest kind, and consisted of real Sevres china, antique majolica, original wedgwood ware, engraved and cut glass, etc. Among the rich mantle ornaments displayed were two THE EXHIBITORS. 123 mported vases of different patterns, superbly decorated, and valued at one hundred dollars each. 7. — McClelland & Sage, 167 and 169 Randolph street, Chicago. Plate and Window Glass, Bottles, etc. The exhibition made by this firm comprised window glass and bottles in great variety. Among the specimens of glass shown were plate glass, English, French and American window glass, French mirror plates, German looking-glass plates, floor, sky-light, colored, cut, enameled, ground and embossed glass. In bottles, every kind was displayed, from the small ounce vial to that of ten gallons' capacity. The house of these exhibitors is the only exclusive yNvadiOv^ glass and bottle establishment in Chicago. 8. — H. P. Merrill '& Co., 70 State street, Chicago. English Crockery and China, Table Ware, and Pittsburg Glassware. A fine display of the above wares was made by these exhibitors of their own importation from the celebrated manufactories of Ellsmore & Foster, Powell & Bishop, and Anthony Shaw, Staffordshire, England. These English houses manufacture some of the best goods imported to this country, and the samples exhibited fully sustained their pre- vious high reputation. The glassware shown was of good quality, and from well known Pittsburgh manufacturers. 9. — Phillip Milligan, Chicago. Fancy Glass-Blowing, and all kinds of Fancy Articles made of Glass. A very interesting display was made by this exhibitor, showing the process of manufacturing fancy articles of glass. Prominent in this representation was a steam engine in motion, being constructed entirely of glass. 10. — Scott & Ovington Brothers, 122 State street, Chicago. Crockery, China, Glassware, etc. Among the many beautiful representations in the above line made b-y various exhibitors, per- haps there was no display so large or elegant in the building as that of this firm. The great variety of goods shown and their costliness attracted much admiration. The arrangement of this display was faultless, and contained many imported gems of art, among which was a decorated dinner set consisting of 246 pieces, and valued at $500. Parian statuary of the latest designs, cut glass, and crystal wall prisms, etc. One exquisite painting, done in porcelain and representing " The Finding of Moses," was worthy of extended description, being executed in a masterly manner. The house of these exhibitors, having an established branch in Paris, is pos- sessed of unbounded facilities in the way of directly importing fine goods, and many of the articles on exhibition were of their impor- 124 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. tation. Still another house may be counted in the boundless resources of these exhibitors, they having a large establishment in Brooklyn, N. Y, With these facts known, the surprise many mani- fested at the extent of the display made by this firm will not again be expressed. Too much credit cannot be given to this extensive firm for the elegant display made and the fine quality of goods composing it. II. — L. T. Starring, 226 West Lake street, Chicago. A Decorated China Tea Set, done by the exhibitor, who is the only artist in this line in the city of Chicago. The decorating was done in a superior manner, and would bear critical comparison with like imported goods. 12. — WoLCOTT, Smith & Co., 47 and 49 Dearborn street, Chicago. Glass, Paints, Oils, Mirrors, etc. This old established and popular firm made a commendable display of their wares. A show-case of brushes in variety, and their celebrated paint in cans, was shown, while specimens of all kinds of glass dealt in by this house formed an attractive feature of the exhibition. A fine specimen of hammered glass, rough plate, of extra thickness, was shown, which was made by the Star Glass Company, at -New Albany, who are represented solely by the exhibitors. A large tube of sheet window glass, before flattening, which was made by the Phoenix Glass Company, attracted much attention. The large plate mirror exhibited, which was silvered by this firm, (W., S. & Co.,) would compare favorably with an imported article. The two windows of the building forming part of the back-ground of the space occupied by the exhibitors were put in by them, and were of one sheet each of fine plate glass, over which were hung lambrequins of .glass, made to represent lace. This was one of the finest displays in the glass line in the building, and one of which the exhibitors may be deservedly proud. 13. — H. N. Wheeler & Co., 22 Lake street, Chicago. Lamps, Chandeliers, etc. This firm, which deals exclusively in lamps and glassware, made a profuse display of their line of goods ; particu- larly attractiv^e among which was a relic of the great fire, being an ordinary kerosene glass lamp blackened by the smoke but still intact. This article was the only one saved by the firm out of an immense stock of f 100,000. The " survivor" was carefully preserved beneath a glass shade, and will doubtless long be cherished by the exhibitors as a reminder of the fateful past. 14. — White Manufacturing Co., 172 South Clark street, Chicago. THE EXHIBITORS. 125 '.'he American Safety Lamp. This lamp was shown in a variety of iesigns, all of which were neat and well finished. It is perfectly imple in its construction, and non-explosive. There is a cooling :hamber encircling the wick tube, through which the cold air, to supply the combustion, must pass, keeping the lamp and wick-tube always cool. In this lamp there are no little tubes to clog up and prevent the lamp from working, and as the cup (air-chamber) catches all surplus oil from the wick, the lamp is always perfectly dry. It gives a clear, steady light, and as bright as gas. This Company also manufactures a street lamp, which was also exhibited, that will burn benzine or fluid, and will not blow out on a windy night. By a pat- ent telescope attachment, the light is protected, and all smoke is car- ried off through the top of the lantern. This lamp is highly endorsed for its non-explosive qualities, and any lamp that will not explode certainly must commend itself to the favor of the public. SECTION 3. House Furnishing Goods and Notions, including Willow Ware, Brooms, Brushes, etc., etc. I. — Hugh Bradshaw, 209 West Lake street, Chicago. A Wood Cistern. Although this article has but little about it to describe, yet mention of its superior make should not be omitted. 2. — Clark & Hill, 100 Randolph street, Chicago. Brushes. This display consisted of brushes of all kinds and styles, of the exhibitors' own manufacture. The arrangement of their goods was fine, and attracted much attention from all, whether specially inter- ested in brushes or not. The wares of this house have an estab- lished reputation. An ingenious article in the brush line was the patent shoe brush and scraper, also exhibited by this firm, who are the manufacturers. This is a very simple and convenient device, consisting of a knife or scraper inserted in the handle, and a very useful addition to the shoe brush, as it is frequently necessary to use a knife or similar article to loosen the dirt in cleaning the boot or shoe before polishing. The utility of this improvement is readily perceived by any person requiring the use af a shoe brush. 3. — Merwin Church, 301 and 303 State street, Chicago. Stoves, Ranges, and Housekeeping Goods. A large display was made by 126 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, this exhibitor of stoves and housekeeping outfits. In heating stoves, were shown several sizes of the " Shining Light," manufactured by the Chicago Stove Works. It is self-feeding and base-burning, and said to be a superior article in every way. A new style of parlor stove was also exhibited, called the "Triumph," which is very complete in all its appointments. In cook stoves, was displayed the celebrated " Sample Cook," manufactured by the Barstow Stove Co. This stove is well known to be one that possesses many excellent qualities, and is all that is claimed for it, /. e. a first class stove, and one which car- ried off the medal of merit at Vienna. The "Union Range" and " Pattern Cook " also occupied a place in the assortment. A laun- dry stove for heating sad irons was also shown, and appeared to be an article of decided merit. In housekeeping goods displayed, it would be impossible to describe all that was shown, while to enume- rate the articles which were not included in the great variety of housekeeping goods constituting this part of the exhibition, would be an easy task, for nothing seemed wanting to furnish a complete housekeeping outfit. The establishment of this exhibitor is styled the "Housekeeper's Resort," and it seems properly termed, from the immense variety of goods jn this line exhibited. 4. — Gerts, Lumbard & Co., 167 Madison street, Chicago. Brushes. This firm exhibited a full assortment of brushes of every kind, in great variety of styles. Being established in 1850, it will be seen that this house has an experience in the business of twenty- three years, and, as "practice makes perfect," their goods displayed were undoubtedly as good as can be made, and they looked fully equal to all that might be expected of them. 5. — Green & Spear, 257 West Madison street, Chicago. Bedding and Feathers, Spring Beds, etc., also Crosby's Patent Parlor Sofa and Bed, which is instantly transformable, and adapted to the parlor, drawing-room, dining-room, or office, and forms an ornamental and highly finished sofa or a luxurious bed, at pleasure. A very service- able article of bedding, exhibited by this firm, was Lane's patent curled wool mattress, a substitute for hair and equally as good, at much less cost. 6. — J. H. Harper, El Paso, 111. Exhibited a Patent Fly Trap, very ingenious in construction. 7. — L. H. Marvin, Beaver Dam, Wis. A large variety of Splint Baskets. 8. — George J. Schmidt & Co., 246 State street, Chicago. Chil- THE EXHIBITORS. 127 dren's Carriages and Willow Ware. This house, which deals exclu- sively in the goods constituting their display, were enabled to make an extensive exhibition, and in great variety. 9. — Udell Ladder and Wooden Ware Company, 663 and 665 State street, Chicago. Patent Ladders. Among the many styles of ladders made by this Company, particular mention may be made of the patent extension ladder which was on exhibition. It was a model of simplicity, convenience and strength. Pulleys, ropes, and other delicate devices are dispensed with altogether by the use of self-operating hooks of malleable iron on the bottom of the upper section, and a wrought iron bar across the top of the lower. As the bottom section may be first raised, then the second, and after that the third (if made with three sections), one man of ordinary strength is able to elevate a fifty-foot ladder. It has a special claim upon the climbing public for its safety, as of the thousands in use (many of them for years,) not the first accident resulting from their use has been reported to the inventor. It is made of clear Norway pine from the western coast of Michigan, and with hickory rungs. Every lad- der is severely tested before it leaves the factory. No defective tim- ber is ever used, and the ladders are so painted that no cross-grain or defect of any nature can be concealed. Its qualities recommend it particularly to the use of painters, lightning-rod men and tinners. The principal manufactory of this Company is located at Indianapo- lis, Ind., while branches are located in nearly all the principal cities. 10. — P.P.Valentine & Co., 133 South Clark street, C'hicago. Judd's Metal Moulding, Rubber Weather Strips, for doors, windows, street and railroad cars. A very ingenious little appliance, which is composed of zinc and rubber, so firmly united by folding, without the use of glue, nails, or cement, that the rubber cannot pull out. It is double acting, that is, the rubber touches on two sides, and is a finished moulding without additional ornament. The peculiar con- struction and shape of these strips render them thoroughly efficient and easily applied to all purposes for which an elastic strip is required, while they are neat, light, and durable. These strips can be applied anywhere, for any purpose, and are said to be unequaled for arches, circles, or acute angles, and will keep out cold, wind, rain, snow, or dust. They have been adopted by the Pullman Palace Car Co., by whom they are highly endorsed. II. — Way's Lever Wringer Co., 250 State street, Chicago. Clothes Wringers. This wringer is very simple, substantial, and pos- 128 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. sesses many perceptible points of excellence, among which is purity and superiority of rolls, solid white rubber, fastened firmly to the shaft. No set screws, no cogs, nor springs to get out of order. Pres- sure applied by 1he foot by means of a lever. This is the only wringer made on this principle, and the only one wherein the rolls cannot be damaged by the pressure. Rollers adjust themselves when the goods are of an uneven thickness, which cannot be obtained from set screws or springs. Rolls cannot be strained off the shaft, nor placed out of repair by fair usage. Great strength, durability, and simplicity characterize the entire machine. The wringer is support- ed on a neat laundry bench, independently of the tub ; is not fastened to the tub, but the tub rests on the bench ; thus combining in the one machine a good wash bench and a superior wringer. 12. — Woods, Sherwood & Co., J.owell, Mass. Wire Household Goods and Toilet Articles. A fine display was made by this well- known eastern establishment, of their popular wares. In an elegant show case were exhibited household and toilet articles in great variety, manufactured by the exhibitors, of wire. These goods are highly ornamental, the wire being nickel plated and more durable than the ordinary white metal goods, which the wire articles displayed are designed to entirely supercede at no late day. The exhibition was very attractive, and the goods of superior workmanship and elaborate design. 13. — J. F. & J. E. White, 103 South Water street, Chicago. Wooden and Willow Ware, and House-Furnishing Utensils. This firm made a fine display of the above wares ; in addition to which, particularly noticeable were some really elegant children's carriages, and a large show case of useful fancy baskets, directly imported by this firm. Among the specialties of this house on exhibition was the celebrated Blanchard churn, of which volumes have already been written in commendation. It is endorsed by every one whoever used it, and is undoubtedly just what is claimed for it, viz. : the best churn made. It is simple, durable, easy of management, and cleanly. It churns, gathers, works and salts the butter by means of the dasher, without removing the butter from the churn. The Messrs. White have the exclusive right of manufacture and sale for the "Blanchard." This firm also exhibited the Novelty wringer. Of the merits of this arti- cle much has been said, and it seems to have all the good points requisite to a practical machine. This display, taken altogether, con- THE EXHIBITORS. 129 tained many useful articles, all of which seemed to possess more or less merit. SECTION 4. Clocks, Watches, Chronometers, Cutlery, Plastic Work, Ornaments, etc. I. — American Watch Company, Waltham, Mass.; Robbins & Appleton, agents, 5 Tribune building, Chicago. Watches. The hand- some show-cases of the American Watch Company, with their contents of beautifully polished gold and silver watches, received their full share of attention and admiration from the vast throngs of sight- seers in the Exposition. This Company exhibited samples of thirty different watches, in gold and silver cases, varying in value from $20 to $300, and including both key and stem winding, ladies' and gents' watches, of all kinds and styles of finish. The watch-making indus- try, as developed by this Company at their extensive establishment at Waltham, is something enormous among the great manufacturing interests of the world. Commencing twenty years ago, in what was regarded almost universally as the expe7'iment of making watches by machinery, the Company has gone on and flourished, until a vast establishment, filled with, machinery superintended by one thousand hands, and producing, some ninety thousand complete watches a year — more than the product of England, and three times that of any similar establishment in the world — is the proud result of their labors. This is the only establishment in the country where the complete watch is produced, case and all; and the American Com- pany's watches are not surpassed as reliable ti77ie keepers by any man- ufactured — the Company having expended much time and study in perfecting and rendering accurate every detail of the works. In fact," this watch is as n^ds pei-fection as the idealist could well desire ; and its immense popularity may be shown by the fact that during one year 75,000 of them have been sold. This fact alone is sufficient to establish the supremacy of the Waltham watch, as it shows conclu- sively that the verdict of popular approval has been given in its favor. 2. — Aurora Silver Plate Manufacturing Company, 272 and 274 State street, Chicago; N. S. Otis, Agent. Eine Silver Plated Ware. This Company had an exceedingly fine display of their goods, which were contained in several attractive show cases, and consisted of silver plate tea sets, knives and forks, spoons, ice dishes and 9 130 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. pitchers. Especially noticeable was an Arctic ice set. The wares of this Company are equal to any made in the country, and have earned for themselves an enviable and justly deserved reputation for their many superior qualities. The manufactory of the Company is located in the town of Aurora, a short distance from Chicago, and is the largest establishment of the kind west of New York city. They make a specialty of hotel outfits, and many of the goods contained in the cases on exhibition were designed for such use. The display was in every way highly commendable to the Company, and for which they and their representative are entitled to much credit. 3. — American Clock Company, 172 State street, Chicago. Clocks and Cutlery. Upon a wide and high frame were exhibited a hundred different specimens, styles and sizes of clocks, including those of various manufactures, which was an interesting and highly attractive exhibition. In cutlery, this Company made a very excellent display of fine goods in great variety. The able manner in which this Com- pany was represented reflects credit upon them, and likewise upon W. F. Tompkins, the manager, under whose supervision the exhi- bition was made. 4. — E. D. Barton, 220 East Kinzie street, Chicago, Clocks. Various kinds of office' and other clocks were exhibited by this house, which made a creditable display of their wares. 5. — Freeman Campbell, 76 Madison street, Chicago. Hair Goods. A large glass case, containing many specimens of human hair goods was shown by this exhibitor, comprising switches, wigs, toupees, curls, frizzettes, chignons, combs and hair ornaments. Among the beautiful specimens of hair switches shown was one of blonde color, seventy-two inches in length. A life-size wax figure, richly appareled, the elegant hair of which was dressed after the most approved style, formed a prominent feature of the display, which was commendable and arranged with care. 6. — EsTELL & Jenkins, hi Madison street, Chicago. Aiken, Lambert & Co's Celebrated Gold Pens, and Estell's Programme Clock. This firm who are extensive wholesale jewelers, only exhib- ited the above articles, which are specialties of their house. The pens from the celebrated makers whose name they bear, are of a superior quality, and said to be among the best manufactured in the country, while the clock is one of many merits and designed for schools. 7. — M. Glassbrook, ZZ State street, and Branch store 203 West Madison street, Chicago. Human Hair Goods. A very attractive THE EXHIBITORS. 131 display was made by this artist in hair and whose establishments in this line of goods are excelled by no house west of New York for completeness of stock. In an elegant case was displayed many very fine switches, braids, curls, etc., which run through all the gamut of colors. A very noticeable feature of the display was a revolving wax figure of life-size, wearing a mantle made of hair of every color and shade, which was a most artistic piece of work, and for which the artist is deserving of great credit. The exhibition made by this house was one of the most attractive features of the Exposition, and evinced excellent taste in its arrangement. 8. — Giles Brothers, 266 and 268 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Dia- monds, Jewelry, Clocks, Watches, etc. The show cases of this firm were handsome in the extreme, and contained elegant and rare speci- mens of their own manufacture and importation. To describe this display and do justice to its beauty would be impossible, as all their goods were of the finest kind and most elaborate in detail. The most prominent feature of their superb exhibition was an elegant emblematical design in silver, and called " Hiawatha : a poem in silver." ** In his birch canoe exulting, All alone went Hiawatha, Through the clear transparent water He could, see the fishes swimming Far down in the depths below him. At the steru sat Hiawatha, With his fishing-line of cedar. On the bow, with tail erected, Sat the squirrel, Adjidaumo. Paddles none had Hiawatha, • Paddles none had he, nor needed. For his thoughts as paddles served him, And his wishes served to guide him. Swift or slow at will he glided^ Veered to right or left at pleasure y The last two lines of the above extract from Longfellow's beau- tiful poem of " Hiawatha," are inscribed in raised letters on the base of this wonderful and beautiful work of art. The exquisitely elab- orate and chaste device represents a silvered lake about four feet in length, on which floats a silver canoe three feet in length and six inches high. "At the stern sat Hiawatha " with bow and arrow in one hand and fishing-line in the other, while the squirrel, "Adji- 132 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. daumo," is perched upon the bow. Upon the bank of this miniature lake are seen weeds, grasses, frogs and turtles ; and in the water grows the " yellow water-lily." The conception is a fine one, and is most beautifully and successfully worked out. The entire piece is of solid silver, .artistically formed and carved, and is valued at $5,000. Also a sterling silver dinner set, valued at $500, while deserving of special mention was a case containing some fifty sets of exquisite coral necklaces, bracelets, and ear-rings, from the celebrated ■ establishment of Squadrilli, in Naples, bought per- sonally by Mr. Giles, while recently in Europe. In diamonds, other precious stones, and imported bronzes, the collection was un- surpassed in the country. Many other heavy and costly ornaments in gold and silver, manufactured by the firm, were also exhibited, and made the exhibition of this firm one that was unrivaled in the Exposition. The justly celebrated Elgin and United States watches were also shown by this house, who have the agency for their sale as manufacturers' agents. The entire cost of this display, as obtained direct from the firm, exceeded $50,000. 9. — Graef & Fields, 29 West Randolph street, -Chicago. Speci- mens of Silver Plated Ware. A fine display of this firm's workman- ship was displayed, the articles being exhibited in an attractive glass show case, and comprising a variety of saddlery and carriage hard- ware, excellently plated in gold, silver and nickle. The repre- sentation made marks the firm ^s masters of their trade. 10. — Henrv J. HiTTORF, 6 Clark street, Chicago. A Clock. This was not an ordinary time piece, but one of peculiar construction, being patented by the exhibitor, and was termed a centrifugal regu- lating clock, but its superiority over the regular denoter of time, was not observable. II. — N. Matson & Co., State and Monroe streets, Chicago. Watches, Jewelry, Silverware, etc. This firm displayed excellent taste in the arrangement of their goods. They did not endeavor to crowd their space, which could readily have been filled to repletion without effort, so great is the resources of this house, but they ex- hibited only real gems in their line, and everything was arranged to please the eye. The sterling silverware shown was as sterling as the reputation of the firm, and consisted of several exquisitely wrought table pieces, very unique and tasty in design, and costing from $750 to $4,000 each. Jewelry was shown in great variety, prominent among which may be named an onyx, pearl and diamond set, valued THE EXHIBITORS. 133 at $2,500. A large assortment of minor articles, such as knives, forks, spoons, etc., made up the collection of this leading jewelry firm of the northwest. The business establishment of the exhibitors is un- doubtedly the most complete and magnificently fitted store in the country in their line of business. 12. — B. F. NoRRis & Co., 14T State street, Chicago. Clocks, Jew- elry, Silverware, Bronzes, etc. These exhibitors, who are importers, wholesale dealers, and manufacturers, made a most attractive display of their wares, consisting of imported clocks, elaborate specimens of silverware, bronzes and Parian statuary, jewelry in great variety, etc. In novelties, they exhibited several curiosities and w^onders of me- chanical invention, larks and blue-birds with curious attachments, which enabled them to open their bills and warble and sing with clear voices the natural notes of the wilderness. This firm are spe- cial U. S. agents for the celebrated Elgin watches, specimens of which were also shown, A large case of watchmaker's fine tools was displayed, among which was Norris's patent blow-pipe, an article highly valued for its excellence, by manufacturers, and which is now being extensively used. The display was, in all respects, creditable and arranged with care. 13. — RoDDiN & Hamilton, 99 State street, Chicago. Watches, Diamonds, Jewelry, etc. In the many displays in this line the fact was apparent that in jewelry houses Chicago is certainly to be com- plimented upon having those which are second to none in the coun- try. So much elegance is seldom brought together for exhibition as was shown by the leading jewelry firms at the Exposition, prom- inent among which was the house of these exhibitors, whose dis- play was a marvel of beauty. Solid silverware in rich profusion, jewelry of exquisite designs, diamonds that were gems, Waltham watches, which are unrivaled for their accuracy, and many imported fancy articles of elaborate workmanship, in gold and silver, com- prised the particularly fine exhibition which places the exhibitors in the foremost rank of their business for excellence and beauty. 14. — Henry Sears & Co., 62 State street, Chicago, Fine Cutlery and Fire-arms, This was one of the richest displays in the Exposition, and one in every way commendable to this old established house. Pocket cutlery of all kinds, razors, polished scissors, shears, etc., were shown in great variety. The specialty of this house is fine pocket cutlery, manufactured by them at Waterbury, Conn., under the style of the H, Sears Manufacturing Co. The steel used in this 134 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. line of goods is exclusively Wardlow's, which is made expressly for the Company. The goods of this firm have become so justly cele- brated for their excellence that any article bearing the imprmt of " H. Sears Manufg. Co.", or " H. Sears & Son," is at once purchased without question, as it is a v/ell known fact that the firm fully warrant all such goods, their superiority having been demonstrated for many years. In their exhibition were shown several fine speci- mens of breech and muzzle-loading shot guns, imported directly by the firm. The display made reflected much credit upon the exhibit- ors, and although an especially fine one, yet it only represented the usual goods manufactured and sold by the firm. 15. — Walter Treleaven, 144 West Lake street, Chicago. Gold Pens. An extensive assortment of gold pens, and gold, silver, rub- ber, ivory and pearl pen holders, and pencil cases, was displayed by this exhibitor, who deals exclusively in the goods shown, and whose exhibition was neat and attractive. 16. — A. B. Van Cott & Co., 124 State street, Chicago. Watches, Jewelry, etc. The display of fine jewelry, silver ware and fancy articles made by this old and reliable firm, included many elegant specimens of taste and invention in that finest of all the mechanical arts. Among the magnificent collection shown by this house, was a great variety of massive and solid silver table wares, noticeable among which was a solid tea set, valued at ^800; diamond ornaments, jew- elry, Jurgenson stem-winding watches, mechanical birds, imported bronzes, Geneva clocks, etc., all forming one of the finest dis- plays in the building, and in every way in keeping with the standing of the firm by whom they w^ere exhibited, which was organized fifty years ago. This firm was originally established in New York, but since 1844 located in Chicago, and have always been justly celebrated for the taste and elegance of their wares. The exhibition made is one deserving of much praise for its costly magnificence, and main- tained the established reputation of the exhibitors. 17. — Wendell & Hyman, 235 Wabash avenue,. Chicago. Silver- ware, Watches, Jewelry, etc. A choice and varied assortment, em- bracing everything that was elegant and desirable in jewelry was exhibited by this well known firm, of their own manufacture. An unusually rich display of plate, heavy work in silver, diamonds, fine imported clocks, pearl opera glasses, etc., were shown by this house. The exhibitors also displayed an elegant ebony and ivory cane, owned, and carried by Abraham Lincoln the night of the assassina- THE EXHIBITORS. 135 tion. It was presented to Dr. Mack, by Mrs. Lincoln, who, at his death, left it to Mr. G. Pennoyer, of Chicago, and by whose courtesy Wendell & Hyman were permitted to add it to their many attractions. Another interesting feature of this display was a pewter dish from which George Washington partook many a frugal repast during the revolution. The contrast of this simple pewter compared with the elegant and extravagant solid silver ware of to-day was most strik- ing. This popular firm are entitled to great credit for the magnificent display made by them, and which was repeatedly changed during the Exposition, to present new attractions which they are constantly in receipt of. The establishment of this firm is classed as one of the most relia- ble houses in Chicago. 18. — Western Cutlery Company, Ottawa, 111. Butcher Knives, Cutlery, etc. A commendable exhibition was made by this Com- pany of their products. The cutlery displayed was highly finished, and would bear favorable comparison with the goods of a more cel- ebrated mUke. The articles shown consisted of carving knives and table ware in general. SECTION 5. Toilet and Fancy Articles — Perfumery, Extracts, Soaps, etc. I. — Florence Manufacturing Co., Florence, Mass. Toilet and Fancy Articles. A fine assortment of goods manufactured by this Company was exhibited, consisting of hair and cloth brushes, hand mirrors and other toilet articles in a great variety of elegant designs peculiar to their manufacture. The excellence of the. mate- rials used in the construction of these goods, together with their great beauty and durability particularly recommends them to favor. 2. — Graham Bros. & Co., 42 and 44 South Clinton street, Chicago. Toilet Soaps, Perfumeries, etc. , A large walnut case was filled with the many goods manufactured by this firm, consisting of fine toilet soaps, perfumeries^ hair oils, cosmetics, pomades, etc. A noticeable attraction of this display was a bust of the lamented Lincoln finely executed in cocoa soap, and another of Byron done in glycerine soap. Both were life-size, and marvels of the artist's .skill, on whom they reflected much credit, alike with the exhibitors. The goods of this firm always command a ready sale for their supe- 130 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. rior qualities and excellence. The establishment of these exhibitors is the oldest of the kind in the great west. 3. — W, J. M. Gordon, Cincinnati, Ohio. Medicinal Chemicals, Glycerine, Pills and Medical Stores. A large and complete assort- ment of chemical preparations manufactured by the exhibitor, prom- inent among which was glycerine, a specialty of this house. This article was chemically pure, and free from odor or color. The exhibitor is the oldest and most extensive manufacturer of glycerine in the country, which article, made by him, is adapted to every purpose for which it can be used. All the goods of this house have an established reputation, and are particularly mentionable for their pureness. 4. — GiLLETT, McCuLLOCH & Co., 34 and 36 South Water street, Chicago. Extracts, etc. In an elegant walnut case were neatly arranged the wares of this well known firm, consisting of perfumes, extracts, chemicals, hair oils, bay rums, etc., all of which were man- ufactured by the exhibitors, whose wares are well and favorably known throughout the west' and south. The specialties of this firm are their unrivaled baking powder and washing crystal. The display made was particularly fine and noticeable. 5. — Mrs. John S. .Hendrickson, 489 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Fancy Goods. This display was somewhat varied in its character and consisted of fancy goods of every description. 6. — HuYCK & Knox, 47 and 49 West Lake street, Chicago. Extracts, etc. This firm, who are manufacturing chemists, made a creditable display of perfumes and extracts of their own manufac- ture, which have the reputation of being articles of merit and of unsullied purity. 7. — A. B. Keith, 5 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Samples of Cos- moline. The article displayed by this exhibitor is manufactured from purified and concentrated petroleum, by E. F. Houghton & Co., Philadelphia. It is used for its healing and curative properties, arid prepared in the form of a paste, which in the . liquid would be 85° Fahrenheit. The exhibition of this article was made for the purpose of introducing it to the public, and demonstrating what is claimed for it. Crude petroleum was known to the Indians many years before it was known to the white man, and was by them called Seneca Oil. It was obtained from what are now called flowing wells, by the Indians spreading a blanket over the oil spring, which absorbed the oil as it came to the surface. The blanket was then THE EXHIBITORS. 137 wrung out and the oil gathered in pails, and afterwards bottled anc sold by the tribe from which it derived its name, and found large sale in those times as the great Indian cure for sprains, cuts, burns, and a host of complaints. Cosmoline is a similar article, only improved upon by the progressive American people, and undoubt- edly now brought to a state of perfection, 8. — Lazell, Marsh & Gardener, New York. Drugs, Extracts, and Perfumery. This well-known New York house made a highly commendable display of select, powdered, and crude drugs, fluid extracts and perfumery, tastily arranged in a handsome black walnut case. The goods of this house are well and favorably known throughout the country and are standard in their quality. 9. — J. Lehman, 181 South Clark street, Chicago. Pocket-books. This exhibitor made a fine display of all kinds of pocket-books, from the sheep-skin wallet to the elegant mounted Russia leather book for ladies' use. All the goods shown were manufactured by the exhibitor, and were specimens of his ordinary make for the trade. The display was attractive, and the articles shown finely made. 10. — Levy Brothers «& Co., 185 and 187 Madison street, Chicago. Imported Goods. A fine display of imported fancy goods, hair- work, jewelry, etc., was made by this firm, the arrangements of which evinced excellent taste. II. — G. Mallinckrodt & Co., St. Louis, Mo. Chemicals. A display of fine chemicals in bottles, manufactured by the exhibitors. 12. — Bell Mann & Co., 163 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Perfum- ery and Toilet Goods. Specimens of the many extracts, perfumes, etc., manufactured by this popular firm were displayed, prominent among which were their celebrated specialties, consisting of Mann's Hair Luxuriant, and the Pullman Palace Car Bouquet. The " Pull- man " perfume has an exquisite and delicious odor, which is distilled from choice flowers cultivated in the south of France and Italy, and imported direct from the distillers by the exhibitors, who are the sole manufacturers. The perfume in question is perhaps the best one ever produced, and is highly endorsed for its excellency over the finest imported perfumes. 13. — Merker Brothers, 143 State street, Chicago. Fancy Goods, etc, A large and attractive display was made by this firm, consisting of a fine line of fancy goods of their own importation, also pocket-books, bill books, bankers' cases, card cases, cigar cases, jewelers' trays, and fine leather goods in general, of their own manu- 138 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. facture. This exhibition was the largest in the line it represented, and commendable to the firm. 14- — Pioneer Manufacturing Co., 51 and 53 Canal street, Chi- cago. Toilet and Shaving Soaps. These soaps were highly per- fumed, and are termed "reliable," from their standard qualities. The display consisted of a large plate glass case containing the many varieties manufactured by this Company, and a pyramid of fine soaps in blocks from two feet square to as many inches. 15. — Justin Ryan, 89 Miller street, Chicago. Specimens of Detergent soaps in cases. 16. — Steele & Price, 201 and 203 South Water street, Chicago. Dr. Price's Cream Baking Powder and Flavoring Extracts. The display made by this old established house was highly attractive and imposing. Dr. Price is well known as an expert in the study of culinary chemistry, and most of the manufactures of Steele & Price are the result of his researches among the mysteries of this branch of science. Cookery, quite as much as poetry, music or painting, deserves to be classed among the fine arts, and the artist who perfects a new flavor, of surpassing excellence, or a fleecy paste of melting delicacy, is as worthy of praise and fame as he who writes an epic, composes an opera, or makes the canvas live with an his- torical picture. Of the Cream Baking Powder exhibited by this firm much has already been said in commendation. It appears to have earned its reputation from its undoubted excellence, and has been highly endorsed by the leading chemists of this country, as well as the United States government, by whom it is used for the various military posts. The display of flavoring extracts by these exhibitors is said to be the largest variety ever exhibited by any manufacturer in the world, and consisted of fifty-two distinct extracts, which are distilled from every delicious fruit and aro- matic known, by a new process, by which the characteristic taste and freshness of the real fruit is preserved, and the flavorings and extracts produced by this process are said to excel any in use. 17. — E. H. Sargent, 785 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Surgical Instruments and Electrical Apparatus. The display made by this exhibitor, although comprising an exceedingly fine and costly variety of surgical instruments, attracted very little attention, per- haps, outside of professional examiners, by whom they were pro- nounced perfect, and the possession of either of the complete amputating or operating cases exhibited would be, to any surgeon, THE EXHIBITORS. 139 as valuable an acquisition as could possibly be had, being of the latest and most approved style of instruments known to the pro- fession. iS.^Mrs. E. H. Stein, 124 West Madison street, Chicago. Fancy Goods and Notions. The display consisted of a variety of goods, all of which could be purchased for one dollar each, and the fact that these articles could be 7nade for the price they were sold fo'^ was a matter of wonderment, the profit of the seller not even being taken into consideration. 19.— Henry Thayer & Co., Cambridgeport, Mass. Drugs, etc. An imposing display was made by this well known eastern house of their goods, consisting of drugs, extracts, sugar-coated pills, etc. The exhibition was neatly arranged, the articles being manufactured by the exhibitors, who are chemists of an established reputation. 20. — A. C. Vanderburg & Co., Tribune Building, Chicago. This well known firm made a large display of perfumes, cosmetics? fancy and toilet goods, of the " Crown " brand. This line of goods are made in England, and imported by the above firm. The " Crown " goods are a specialty of the exhibitors, and are claimed to be vastly superior to the many others imported. At the Vienna Exposition the "Crown" goods were awarded the first medal for "best perfumes in the world." SECTION 6. Textile Fabrics., Woolen, Cotton, Silks, Mixed and Other Mill and Hand- Made Fabrics., Piece Goods, etc, I. — Belding Bros. & Co., 198 Madison street, Chicago. Sewing Silk and Machine Twist. This well and favorably known firm made one of the finest displays in the Exposition, which was both ornamental and instructive. The exhibition consisted of several elegant and unique walnut cases containing specimens of their unequaled machine twist and sewing silk of every hue and color; also a case of raw silk in different stages of manufacture, from which one could get a cor- rect idea of the manufacture of silk from the worm to the finished article. The goods of this firm have become justly celebrated for their many particular points of excellence, among which may be mentioned, that every spool is warranted full length, the strength of their silk unsurpassed, and the quality superior to any manufac- 14° EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. tured. These exhibitors are the largest manufacturers in the coun- try of sewing silk, machine twist, etc., having. extensive mills located at Rockville, Conn., while their large business houses are to be found in NeVv York, Boston, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, St.* Louis and Chi- cago, to supply the demand for the excellent goods manufactured by them. Wherever the silks of this firm have been exhibited, they have invariably been awarded the first premium for their superior excellence, two of the last medals received being exhibited, which were taken at the Cincinnati Exposition and Ohio Mechanics' Insti- tute. This display was one that reflected the highest credit upon the exhibitors, in every way deserving of receiving a suitable award had any such been given, in which case another first premium would undoubtedly have been added to those already obtained by the firm. 2. — BuRKiTT, Sutton & Stanley, 117 Franklin street, Chicago. Fancy Knit Goods. A large case filled with an assortment of hand- knit goods, embroideries, chenille work, etc. This was an elegant display, and prominent in which was a beautiful afghan, hand- knit, and valued at $125. ' 3. — Elmer, Ball & White, 30 West Washington street, Chicago. Smith's Patent Perforated Buckskin Under Garments. A case of these celebrated goods was exhibited by this firm, which have been so thoroughly tested during the past four years, and are so highly appreciated by those who have worn them, it is hardly necessary to speak of their good qualities. The importance of clothing the body lightly, and at the same time obtain the requisite amount of warmth, must be evident to the mind of every one. It is claimed that the body may be clothed lighter, more comfortable, and kept in a more even degree of warmth by these garments than by any other known, and being perforated, do not retain the moisture of the body. The invention is one of merit, and deserving the attention of every one subject to our variable climate. 4. — John Howe & Sons, Carrollton, Ky. Jeans. Specimens of iCentucky Jeans, in pieces manufactured by the exhibitor. 5. — A. W. Rollins & Co., 151 and 153 Michigan avenue, Chicago. Woolen and Cotton Goods of every description, Shawls, Blankets, Yarn, Cloths, etc. This firm displayed in great variety samples of the above goods, and are entitled to credit for so large a representa- tion. The business of the exhibitors is divided into three distinct departments, viz. : ist. Woolen manufacturers' supplies. 2d. Manu- facturers' agents for cotton and woolen goods. 3d. Manufacturers' THE EXHIBITORS. 141 ndings, dye woods, dye stuffs, etc. Each of these departments are nder the immediate charge and supervision of a representative man, .'ho makes it his specialty. Among the specimens of the many pro- luctions exhibited, were those from the Renfrew Manufacturing Co., Eagle Cotton Mills, and Penn Mills, of Pittsburg, Pa., consisting of warps, cotton sheeting, and carpet chains ; Gould, Pierce & Co., Cincinnati, O., cotton twine, colored carpet chains, bank string, and seine twine; Hawes & Foster's wadding; sheeting from the Roswell Manufacturing Co., of Roswell, Ga. ; goods from the Rock Island Cotton Mills ; T. and H. socks, mittens, flannels, repellents, cassi- meres, etc. The exhibiting firm represent all the manufacturers whose goods they displayed, having been appointed their agents. All the articles shown are of standard make, and reflected credit upon manufacturers and agents alike, being the largest and most attractive display of woolen and cotton goods in the Exposition. 6. — J. G. Stolph, Proprietor Aurora Woolen Mills, Aurora? 111. Woolen Goods. Specimens of the excellent goods manufac- tured at the above mills were exhibited, consisting of cassimeres and hosing. 7. — Gibson & Tyler, Minneapolis, Minn. Enos Brown & Co., 19 and 21 Randolph street. Agents. Blankets. A large case of blankets was displayed by these exhibitors, which for workmanship, quality and superior finish, stand unrivaled. The many specimens of these goods as shown, embraced the "Imperial Rose," the finest made by the firm, the " Pullman Palace Car" blanket, (all the elegant gray striped goods used by this celebrated car company are made by the exhibitors, and rank among their best articles of manufacture,) the " three point" or Indian blanket, and several other specimens of minor grades. The " three point" is manufactured extensively for the United States, having been adopted by the Government for use among the Indians. The " Imperial Rose" has been used exclu- sively in the furnishing of the Great Palmer House, being manufac- tured to order. Thus it will be seen that not only do the U. S. Gov- ernment use largely of the wares of this firm, but the great corpora- tions of the country likewise. Some years ago it was deemed impos- sible to produce in this country a blanket of the elegant quality as those shown, England getting all the trade which is now bestowed upon home manufactures, and deservedly so, too. An interesting fact is illustrated in the goods exhibited that they are exclusively home production, the sheep having been raised and 142 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. fed in Minnesota by home capital, the fleece made into wool and from the wool the productions exhibited, which not only rival all blankets manufactured in this country, but, by comparison, are fully equal to the best of English make. 8. — TuELL, Ripley & Deming, Terra Haute, Ind. Flannels. Specimens of fancy flannels, manufactured at the Wabash Mills, and exhibited by the above firm, who are proprietors. SECTION 7. ' Embroideties and Fancy Work in Silk, Cotton, Wool, Hair, Wax, Feathers, Leather, Etc. I, — J. Cox & Co., 172 Madison street, Chicago. Artificial Flowers. This house made a pleasing display of fine imported artificial flowers of their own importation, in which they deal ex- clusively. 2. — G. F. Foster, Son & McFarren, 4 Market street, Chicago. Ship Chandlery Goods, Cordage, Twines, Water Proof Horse Covers, Flags, Tents, Oars, Regalia, Steel and Iron Ware, Vessel Masts and Models. Conspicuous among this firm's goods was a finely painted white silk banner, upon which was depicted the sturdy artisan blow- ing the challenge from his horn to the giant monopoly. This banner was but an imperfected specimen of the fine work in this line done by the above firm, who also are manufacturers of tents, awnings, silk and bunting flags, and to this house the Exposition Building was in- debted for its profuse decoration of flags of all nations. This firm was founded in 1837. 3. — Miss H. Guest, 256 West Madison street, Chicago. Hair Work, A case of specimens of this artist's work in human hair and jewelry, made of same material, very artistically done. A fine display of the exhibitor's ability as a first-class artist in hair. 4. — Gould, Pearce & Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Carpets, etc. Specimens of carpets, twines, etc., were exhibited by this firm of their own manufacture. 5. — Industrial Class of Chicago, Mrs. John S. Hendrickson in charge. Below will be found the names of contributors to the class and the articles so contributed, which are given without comment, none being needed, all the articles shown being finely done, and in every way creditable to those by whom they were made : THE EXHIBITORS. 143 Mrs. S. Clark and Miss Grain, 986 Indiana avenue, Chicago, wax work. Mrs. Kirkland, 1030 Wabash avenue, Chicago, devotional chair. Mrs. J. Grant, 155 South Clark street, Chicago, devotional chair. Mrs. M. Egeris, 178 North May street, Chicago, knitted table spread and tidies. Mrs. A. L. Forkel, 300 Larrabee street, Chicago, knitted work. Mrs. Martin, Lemont, 111., worsted wreath and bou- quets. Mrs. M. Borgan, 284 West Erie street, Chicago, wax and paper flowers, crystalized work. Hannah Danielson, Garibaldi and Thirtieth streets, Chicago, embroidered tidy. Mrs. William Stokes, 310 Michigan avenue, Chicago, point lace. Mrs. McDaniels, Wil- mette. 111., pieced silk quilt. Catharine Donaren, 124 Wright street, Chicago, log cabin silk quilt. Miss Lena Funk, Lake View, 111., fancy needle work and embroidery. Louisa Hofeldt, 120 Barber street, Chicago, crochet work and embroidery. Mrs. Anderson, 344 Michigan avenue, Chicago, fine needle work. Miss A, Lemoine, 302 Second street, Chicago, crochet and needle work. Miss M. Karable, 488 South Union street, Chicago, crochet and fancy work. Mrs. De Bert, 155 Cottage Grove avenue, Chicago, sofa pillow. Mrs. Chr. Carstensen, 525 North Wells street, bead embroidery. Mrs. M. Steinback, 271 Blue Island avenue, Chicago, fancy embroidery. Christine Berg, 337 West Indiana street, Chicago, crochet bed spread. Mrs. Frantzen, 214 Mohawk street, Chicago, fancy crochet work. Mrs. Gressendorf, 85 House street, Chicago, crochet and linen tidies. Mrs. Langman, 167 Blue Island avenue, Chicago, worsted embroid- ered picture of Lorley. Mrs. Joseph Alcock, Chicago, hair wreath. Mrs. Thorne, 368 North Market street, Chicago, hair flowers. Martha Wiernar, 855 South Halsted street, Chicago, wax and feather wreath. Emily Larensen, 225 Kinzie street, Chicago, child's car- riage robe. Mrs. Brucklacher, 133 North Clark street, Chicago, silk netting work. Emma Breitling, 257 Center street, Chicago, lace applique work. Emma Shorr, 168 Blue Island avenue, Chicago, sofa pillow. Mrs. H. Long, point lace. 6, — G. Mendelson, 34 Washington street, Chicago. Zephyr Wors- ted, Embroideries, etc. In this display was exhibited some elegant goods, comprising ribbons, laces, trimmings, white goods, notions, fancy goods, and a line of very beautiful foreign novelties of the ex- hibitor's own importation. The exhibition was commendable, both for the fine class of goods shown and their perfect arrangement. .7. — A. S. Wadhams & Co., 192 Clark street, Chicago. A Case of Masonic Goods, whose beauty and elegance were beyond description. 144 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. These goods consisted of three Masonic scarfs of the 32° and 33°, which were elaborately and appropriately embroidered; also one 32° apron, a perfect gem, together with Masonic goods of lesser note, but all showing a superior quality of such line of goods. Deserving special mention, were two Odd Fellow's collars. These collars were manufactured at the establishment of this firm (as were all the other goods exhibited), and were made to order for the Grand Represent- ative and the Past Grand and Past Chief Patriarch of the Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows of the United States. The Grand Repre- sentative's was made of purple velvet, superbly embroidered with gold, and trimmed with gold bullion fringe, while that of the Past Grand was made of crimson velvet, and elegantly embroidered with silver, and fringed with silver bullion. Both were lined with the finest quality of satin, and cost one hundred dollars each, and are, perhaps, the handsomest goods of this kind ever made. If prizes had been offered, this case of goods should have deservedly received the first or highest prize of the class in which it was exhibited. SECTION 8. Garments for both sexes and all ages^ including Coiffures, Wigs and Hair Work., Straw Goods, Hosiery, Boots and Shoes, Hats, Caps, Bonnets, Gloves, Fajis, Umbrellas, Parasols, Canes, Dolls and Toys, Trunks, India Rubber Goods, Carpets, Furniture, Tissues, leather. Cordage, Traveler s Equipments, etc. I. — American Molded Collar Co., South Boston, Mass. Gray's Patent Molded Collars and Cuffs. A large display of these cele- brated goods was made, arranged in very attractive shape. 2. — Brownson Brothers & Co., 192 and 194 Madison street, Chicago. Neck Wear, Shirts and Collars. The display made by this firm was exceedingly fine, and consisted of neck wear in great variety of styles and material. They also exhibited a splendid line of elegant scarfs of their own importation. A prominent feature of this display was a case of Burlock's celebrated diamond shirts, sold exclusively in the west by this house, also a large line of Gray's ^■opular molded collars, for which this firm are sole western agents. The elegant line of neck wear exhibited was particularly noticeable, and is a specialty of this house, by whom they were manufac- tured. It is to be regretted that the space allotted to this firm did not admit of so large a display as they could have otherwise made. THE EXHIBITORS. 145 their stock being more extensive than that of any other house in their line in (Chicago. Two immense floors are occupied by this firm in their business, which are literally packed by the immense stock carried at all seasons of the year, and although doing an extensive trade, yet it is a remarkable fact their stock is kept constantly replen- ished with new and fresh goods. In enterprise, perhaps no firm in Chicago are possessed of more, and to illustrate this fact may be recorded an instance of the great fire, by which the establishment of this firm was entirely consumed on the memorable October 9th, yet on October 12th, in but three days time, the firm again commenced business in temporary quarters, to meet the demands of their many patrons. To this firm much credit is due for the fine and attractive display made by them, and for the quality of goods exhibited. 3. — D. P. Barrett & Co., 184 and 186 Monroe street, Chicago. Paper Boxes, Passe-Partouts, etc. An elegant display was made by this firm of their wares, consisting, in addition to those above named, of paper frames, display cards for photographer's use, etc. The goods exhibited were the exclusive manufactures of this house, and were of the finest quality, and reflected credit upon the exhibitors. 4. — Bennett & Co., 18 Merrimack street, Haverhill, Mass. Felt and Leather Soled German Shoes. These articles are somewhat novel in their construction, being soled of felt. All sizes were ex- hibited in both shoes and slippers. 5. — John Borgerson, 30 Temple street, Chicago. A display of Ladies' Sewing Work Boxes, Tobacco Boxes, Needle Cases, etc., manufactured by the exhibitor. 6. — Brown, Prior & Fiske, 163 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Gents' Furnishing Goods. A superb display in this line was made by these exhibitors, who are established in magnificent quarters in Ely's iron block, corner Wabash avenue and Monroe street, occupying what is conceded to be the most richly furnished and most thoroughly appointed store of the kind in the country, well known as dealers in the celebrated " Sam Brown shirts," and in all the lines of the very finest articles of gents' underwear and furnishing to be found in foreign or American markets. As samples of their selections dis- played at the Exposition may be mentioned, besides a good display of the "Sam Brown shirts," embroidered night shirts, very elegant specimens of Cartwright & Warner's underwear, of the highest grades, of which the firm carry the largest stock in the northwest; silk sus- penders, gents' kid gloves, of special manufacture ; ladies initial 10 146 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. handkerchiefs, Vienna Exposition robes, chinchilla fur, imported neck wear, etc., etc. The trade mark of the firm, a very dainty and exquisite piece of embroidery on white satin, framed and suspended in the apartment, was an object of universal admiration. The firm name at the top, the trade mark, ^'' an avant^'' below,, fol- lowed by the simple suffix, " haberdashers," were done in silk letters so fine as to be generally mistaken for a very costly specimen of fancy painting. The entire display constituted a feature in every way worthy of the great Exposition and the popular firm by whom it was made. 7. — Bullock Bros., 50 and 52 Madison street, Chicago. Fine Shoes and Slippers. An elegant case of ladies' and misses' shoes and slippers was exhibited by this firm. The specimens shown were exquisite, and of most superior workmanship. 8. — C. A. Crell, 78 and 80 State street, Chicago. Paper Collars and Cuffs. In this display was over 52,000 paper collars, cuffs and bosoms, embracing forty different styles. This house are extensive dealers solely in the above line of goods, which are manufactured principally by the celebrated Keystone and Bemis Collar companies. 9. — CoYLE & Dickenson, 209 West Madison street, Chicago. Shirts. This firm, who are the manufacturers of the celebrated " Chicago " shirt, made a creditable display, consisting of several handsome show cases containing samples of fine shirts of above style, which is their specialty. 10. — D. Howard Donavan, 72 Adams street, Chicago. Patent Chairs and Chair Seats. This display consisted of several patented articles in that useful household commodity, chairs, and in the seats 'of same. The Gardiner patent chair-seat is an article of great utility and durability. The patent consists in glueing three pieces of veneer together, the grain of same crossing in opposite directions thus making a strong and durable chair-bottom, and a far more ser- viceable one than cane, and which is fully as ornamental. This patent seems a highly valuable one, and one that is destined to supercede cane seats altogether. A motto illustrating this fact was suspended above the exhibition, and which seems to be highly appropriate, and was to the effect that, " Cain killed Abel, but this is able to kill Cane." This article can be used to replace cane on chairs at about the same cost, and, although introduced but a short time, its success is more than guaranteed. This exhibitor also showed specimens of Colligan's patent folding chair, and Gardiner's THE EXHIBITORS. T47 patent brace chairs and rockers, for which he is also General Western Agent. The display was one showing the many useful improvements in furniture, and was one of decided merit. II. — Downs & Sias, Lakeside building, Chicago. Gents' Clothing and Fine Woolens. Th3 goods comprising this display are the specialties of this house and taken from regular stock. They consist of imported cloths and cassimeres, tricots, cheviots, suitings, coatings, etc., all of the finest kind, in great variety. 12. — Damon, Temple & Co., 11 1 and 113 Wabash avenue, Chi- cago. Gents' Neck Wear. This house are manufacturers and extensive jobbers in the above goods, of which a full line was shown of the latest styles, together with linen and paper collars and cuffs, jewelry, etc. 13. — DoGGETT, Bassett & HiLLs, 29 and 31 Lake street, Chi- cago. Custom-made Boots and Shoes. The goods exhibited were of this firm's own manufacture, and comprised many of their cele- brated brands, such as the ''Lake. Superior Mining," "Minnesota," etc., all of which are w^ell known to the trade as articles of superior workmanship, and are hand -sewed. Hence the name of "custom- made " has been given to the boots and shoes of these exhibitors, who make and job as fine goods to the trade, by the case, as could be made to order by the single pair. 14. — Ely & Co., Ely's Block, corner Wabash avenue and Monroe street, Chicago. This justly celebrated firm of importing tailors, who are renowned fur the excellent fit of their garments and the superior material of which they make them, displayed some extra choice goods for men's wear, of their own importation, consisting of cloths, cassimeres, beavers, etc. The name of Ely and the finest of garments are always classed as one and inseparable. 15. — H. EssERS, 398 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Boots and Shoes. A small case containing some very fine specimens of ladies' and gents' boots and shoes, which were well made and of good material. id. — J. H. & I. J. Frank, Third avenue and Monroe street, Chica- go. Collars and Gents' Neck Wear. A large display of neck wear and Ward's celebrated paper collars and cuffs. 17. — C. H. Fargo & Co., Madison and Market streets, Chicago. Boots and Shoes. A large display was made by this old established house, consisting of buffalo-lined boots and shoes, ladies', misses', and children's calf shoes of their own manufacture. The goods shown were of standard brands, and compared favorably with the reputa- 148 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. tion of the house, which is one of the oldest in the boot and shoe trade in Chicago. 18. — D. B. FiSK & Co., Wabash avenue and Washington street, Chicago. Millinery Goods. In this line of goods the house of these exhibitors stands pre-eminently forth, without a rival, being so far in advance of all competitors as to seemingly be the ojily establishment of the kind in Chicago. The firm is a pioneer one, having been es- tablished near a quarter of a century ago, and its business now is counted by millions. The display made by this firm was one of the most attractive features of the Exposition, and consisted of rich mil- linery goods, flowers, feathers, trimmed goods, millinery and fancy articles of foreign and home production, the whole contained in a magnificent glass case, ten feet high by eighteen feet long, the front being one single plate of French glass, and presented an appearance of beauty that must be seen to be fully appreciated. The entire display was grand and imposing, and reflected great credit upon the firm. 19. — J. W. Griswold & Co., 54 and 56 Madison street, Chicago. Ladies' Underwear, Suits, Cloaks, etc. This well known house made an attractive display of the above goods, which they deal in exclu- sively. Among the many articles shown were some exceedingly fine samples of ladies' underwear, cloaks, and suits, in variety of styles, all of which made a creditable showing of the resources of this firm. 20, — Gage, Mallory & Co., 192 and 194 Madison street, Chicago, Hats, Caps, and Furs. While this house is one of the most extensive in the wholesale line of the northwest, and doing an immense jobbing business in hats, caps, straw goods, and furs, yet the display of this firm consisted principally of furs, of which a large assortment was shown of all the leading styles, prominent among which were some excellent goods in seal skin and mink. 21. — J. E. Green, 131 Twenty-second street, Chicago. Boots, Shoes, and Slippers. A superb display of goods in the above line was made by this exhibitor, contained in an unique oval glass case. The exhibition comprised ladies' wear in great variety, and was one reflecting great credit upon the exhibitor for the display made, every article of which was taken from stock. 22. — N. E. Gerry & Co., 123 South Clark street, Chicago. Over- Gaiters and Leggins. A very neat and attractive display was made by this firm, who make the manufacture of over-gaiters, etc., a specialty. Contained in a handsome show case w^ere some really THE EXHIBITORS. 149 superb specimens of gentlemen's over-gaiters and leggins, ladies' gaiterettes, children's leggins, etc., all of their own manufacture and designs, representing the general style of goods made by this firm for the trade. 23. — Greensfelder, Rosenthal & Co., 34 and -T^^i Wabash avenue, Chicago. Boots and Shoes. A number of cases of the celebrated Whitney boots were displayed by this firm. 24. — Goodyear Rubber Company, 105 and 107 Madison street, Chicago. Belting, Hose, Rubber Clothing, Boots, Shoes, Carriage and Horse Clothing, Druggists' and Stationers' Goods, etc. Among the many attractions of the Exposition none were more inviting than the display made by the above house, of which Mr. Geo. Clapp is agent. This house is a branch of 361 and ^fi^T^ Broadway, New York, The Goodyear Rubber Company, of which Mr. F. M. Shepard is President and J. A. Minott, Secretary, are the oldest and most exten- sive dealers in rubber goods in America, The Goodyear Rubber Company have the largest stock of rubber goods in the United States, All their goods are quoted at New York prices, giving the people of the West a chance to purchase at the same rates as in New York, This firm has a great advantage in the matter of freights, and as their goods are as cheap as any that can be bought in the United States, this being the largest house of the kind in America, it is useless for smaller houses to compete in prices. Their abundant capital enables them to buy goods for cash, thus giving them a palpable advantage. They keep constantly on hand rubber hose, belting, and everything known in rubber goods, including rub- ber jewelry, comprising everything in that line from ladies' ear-rings to gentlemen's sleeve-buttons. The display made by them wfere sam- ples taken from their stock at their salesroom, and were not gotten up for the occasion, 25, — Glantz & Hoffman, 124 Fifth avenue, Chicago. Manu- factured Furs. In this display were exhibited furs in great variety. Seal skin, mink, and other styles of ladies' and gents' fancy furs of excellent quality. The assortment shown was complete in its ap- pointment, and one of decided merit. 26. — E. H. Hoffman, 171 Madison street, Chicago, exhibited a case of fine meerschaum goods and smokers' articles, 27. — J. N. Harvey, 96 and 98 Lake street, Chicago. Youths', Boys', and Children's Clothing. This exhibitor, who deals exclusive- 150 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. ly in the above line of goods, made an entensive showing of many leading styles of suits for children, among which were observed the " Alpine," and " Rob Roy," made of navy blue cloth and tastely trimmed with white braid, the " Farragut," and "Windsor" suits, something new, and finely trimmed, together with many other neat and attractive suits of various materials, all of which class of goods are made a specialty of this house. The exhibition was one of at- traction, and formed an interesting feature of the Exposition. 28. — Haskell Brothers, Tribune Building, Chicago. Trunks, Valises, Traveling Bags, etc. A large variety of trunks and bags of every description. Several extra fine trunks designed for ladies were particularly noticeable, being elegantly made, and the. interior ad- mirably arranged, having a particular place for innumerable articles, which in ordinarily constructed trunks are usually packed anywhere. A fine sole leather gentleman's trunk was also commendable for its construction and finish. 29. — E. F. HoLLiSTER & Co., 1 1 7-1 23 State street, Chicago. Carpets, Furniture, Curtains, etc. The space occupied by this firm was the largest in the building, and hence they took especial pains to make the exhibition of their goods attractive, in which they admir- ably succeeded, which was doubtless due in a great measure to their extensive facilities to accomplish this, and they used them to the best advantage, the display being changed from time to time and fresh attractions presented, demonstrating their almost unbounded resources. In carpets the display was particularly fine. They ex- hibited some exquisite designs in French moquetts, and in velvets some chaste private patterns of their own importation, also in body Brussells several entirely new designs with borders to match. In upholstery goods among those shown were some beautiful designs in Tarabrequins and hangings, both in satin and chintz, which for ele- gance and harmony of shade commended themselves to all. In furniture this firm made an elegant display. A superb parlor suite in drab satin shown, worth ^1,500, also a finely carved and orna- mented chamber suite were particularly attractive. Their display also consisted of reception, easy and smoking chairs, swings, iete-a- teteSy etc., all of superior design and elegance. The entire exhibit of this firm cost ^20,000, and all goods shown were taken from their stock in store, and 7tot manufactured for exhibition. 30. — G. L. HuYCK & Co., 99 Madison street, Chicago. An ele- gant display of Furnishing Goods was made by this firm, but the THE EXHIBITORS. 151 crowning features consisted of an overcoat and dressing gown, both of wiiich were marvels of artistic workmanship, and being made by hand (as are all the goods of this firm), made them worthy to have taken the first prize at the Vienna Exposition. The dressing gown was exquisite, while the overcoat reflected the greatest credit upon the exhibitors. The large glass case containing linen cuffs and col- lars, should not be forgotten, as they formed a by no means small at- traction in this display. These goods were of the latest styles, and manufactured by the celebrated house of Fellows & Curtis, Troy, N. Y. The Diplomatic, Cadet, Rajah, and Aldine collars were among the latest styles in the extensive variety exhibited. The house of Curtis & Fellows is one of the oldest in the collar and cuff line, in the United States, and their goods are sold by only first class deal- ers. A full line of those exhibited are kept by the exhibitors, whose stock, like their display, ranked first class. 31. — HiRSH & Co., 133 State street, Chicago. A Case containing Silk Umbrellas of extra fine quality, and Parasols, all manufactured by this firm, who deal exclusively in all kinds of the above line of goods. 32. — Hallock & Wheeler, 169 Randolph street, Chicago. Among the many great attractions in the Exposition the ^'' Siphonia Elastica^'" or India-rubber tree, exhibited by this firm, received a large share of attention. Its large, oval, thick, and glossy leaves contributed to make it a fine specimen of the most beautiful tree in the world. It is a product of South America, and is found, indeed, in the greatest perfection and inexhaustible quantity upon that equatorial ring which modern science has traced around the globe. The best quality of gum, under the name of " caoutchouc," is produced from the white, milky juices of this remarkable tree. India-rubber was first known as " elastic gum," but took its present name at a time when no other use was made of it than rubbing out pencil marks. Although known about one hundred and fifty years ago, it was not until 1820 that its employment began to extend beyond the use mentioned. Mechanics^ scientific chemists, and others experimented and labored, but without any successful results, to make it useful in the arts and manufactures. To the late Charles Goodyear, whose name is world-renowned, be- longs the honor of having accomplished one of the greatest inven^ tions of the age — the mode of ''vulcanizing" India-rubber. The vulcanized rubber belting, steam packing, fire engine and other hose, on exhibition by Messrs. Hallock & Wheeler, was from the well 152 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. known Boston Belting Company's manufactory, the oldest and one of the most extensive manufactories in the above line of goods in the country, the high quality of whose products have a world-wide reputation. The above firm have the exclusive agency in Chicago for these goods, and " Torrey's patent carbolic hose," also on exhibi- tion. This hose is extensively used by the fire departments in the Eastern and Western States. Rubber horse covers, boots, overshoes? rubber clothing of various kinds, rubber carpets, mats, nursery sheets, plain and enameled cloth, gloves and mittens, etc., etc., all from their usual stock in store, were among the articles exhibited ; also some very fine specimens oi papier inache cuspadores, spittoons, and pails. The very superior oak leather belting was from the well known man- ufactory of P. Jewell & Sons, Conn. The whole forming an une- qualed display, and one worthy of the highest commendation. 33. — Hall & Bro., 18 Halsted street, Chicago. Horse and Wagon Covers and Water Proof Clothing. This firm made a fine showing of the above goods, which are their specialty. 34. — E. M. & A. A. Hughes, 341 West Madison street, Chi- cago. Infants' and Children's Clothing. A large glass case was exhibited containing some elegantly made goods in the above line, which were marvels of workmanship. 35. — C. M. Henderson & Co., 220 and 222 Madison street, Chi- cago. Boots and Shoes. The most industrial feature of this great Industrial Exposition was given it by the largest boot and shoe house in the west, and one of the largest in the world. It was what is techni- cally called a team, consisting of about twenty men under one head, making in the Exposition Hall about one hundred pairs of boots daily. These men were uniformed in red shirts, occupied about 1,500 square feet of floor room, enclosed in a heavy railing, and con- stantly surrounded by a crowd of visitors. It was a miniature rep- resentation of the manufacturing department of the house of C. M. Henderson & Co., the oldest exclusive jobbing boot and shoe house in Chicago ; a house that was established here twenty-three years ago, and doing a trade of several millions annually. Their contribution to the interest of this first Inter-State Exposition mani- fests the enterprise and leading character of the house. They showed the great multitudes of visitors how their custom-made work, which has gained honorable reputation with the trade, is manufactured. The quality of the materials used, and the substantial manner in which it is put together, and their capacity for supplying a large trade, were THE EXHIBITORS. 153 all here demonstrated to the eye by a few moments attentive obser- vation. It was an individual illustration of Chicago enterprise, and the individual members of the firm are Charles M. Henderson, Wil- bur S. Henderson and Edmund Burke. They have twice passed through fire, and had an immense amount of stock destroyed, but the only signs now visible of these fires is a warming up to new and greater enterprise. 2i(i. — S. HoLDERNESS & Co., 103 Madison street, Chicago. A dis- play of Rubber Stereotypes for marking purposes. 37. — HoTCHKiN, Palmer & Co., 137 and 139 State street, Chicago Trimmed Bonnets, etc. A particularly fine and attractive display was made by this firm of trimmed hats, ladies' velvet and cloth cloaks ; also misses' and infants' cloaks, all of their own manufacture. A case of the celebrated " Bazaar " glove fitting patterns were also exhibited. The display was one of merit, and handsomely arranged. 38. — E. August Jacobs & Co., 54 and 56 North Wells street, Chicago. Cords, Tassels, etc. An excellent representation of this firm's manufactures was exhibited, comprising all kinds of uphol- sters' trimmings, cords, tassels, drops, fringes, gimps, loops, bands, etc. The display was one of prominence, and for superior work- manship and designs would bear close comparison with any goods of the kind in the country. A particularly noticeable feature of the display was an elegant octagon walnut case containing every kind of tassels manufactured, the case beingsurrnountedby a Phoenix, carved from solid walnut. The goods made by this firm are styled the Phoe- nix, such being the trade mark of the house, and most appropriately adopted, as goods of such standard quality must necessarily "rise" above all competition. 39. — KiLSHEiMER &" SoNDHEiMEN, 113 Main Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. Gents' Fine Boots and Shoes. A case of exceedingly fine goods of the above line were shown by this firm, which spoke in the highest terms of these exhibitors as being manufacturers unsurpassed for excellence and great beauty of workmanship. A style of gaiter among the display, called the " Excelsior," which from casual obser- vation seems admirably named, excelling others in many particular points. The display, while being small, was one which was charac- terized by its first class appearance, and one which the firm may at all times be justly proud of. 40. — MuNSON & Co., 14 and 16 West Randolph street, Chicago. Leather Belting. This firm exhibited a variety of their popular 154 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. standard leather belting, which is so well known and extensively used throughout the country, that comment upon its many excellent qualities is unnecessary. 41. — McAuLEY, YoE & Co., Ill and 113 Wabash avenu'e, Chicago. Boots.' Several cases of mining boots were displayed by this firm, 42. — Mrs. M. Morse, 490 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Excelsior Self-fitting Dress Chart. This is a new and valuable invention for the benefit of the ladies. By the use of the Excelsior chart, a per- fect fitting dress may be obtained for any form, by measurement. The system cuts tight, as well as loose fit garments for ladies and children. The chart is elegantly designed, and simple in construc- tion, and seems a perfect system of cutting, etc. 43. — C. Mackenzie, 103 Madison street, Chicago. Hats, Caps, etc. In an elegant walnut and inlaid case some ten feet high, was displayed a variety of gentlemens' head wear, consisting of silk dress hats, cassimere and felt hats, also ladies' and misses' fine furs, gloves, walking sticks, imported umbrellas, etc., the whole forming an attrac- tive exhibition, and one which the popular exhibitor is entitled to credit, both for the fine quality of the goods displayed and the excel- lent taste evinced in their arrangement. 44. — McCoRMiCK. & Clark, 130 Clark street, Chicago. Fine Shoes, etc. The goods comprising the display made by this firm were manufactured to order, expressly for the Exposition, and were gems in the line of foot ware. As a specimen of what the articles consisted of, mention should be made of a pair of ladies' white satin boots, elaborately stitched, and lined with quilted silk, the cost being $40. The display of this firm was very attractive; but the goods were not serviceable. Yet this house do make those of a more substantial character, and the workmanship will compare with the best on exhibition. 45- — Novel.ty Manufacturing Co., 495-499 North Wells street, Chicago. Baby Carriages, etc. A large variety of hobby horses, boys' sleighs, velocipedes, children's carriages, etc., were exhibited by this Company, of their own manufacture. 46. — A. J. Nutting, 188 and 190 State street, Chicago. Clothing. A fine display of ready-made clothing was exhibited by this well known house, consisting of garments for men and boys, and fur- nishing goods. The clothing of this house is said to be equally as fine and well made as ordered goods. 47. — Julius Newman, 90 State street, Chicago. Corsets and THE EXHIBITORS. 155 Hoop Skirts. The exhibitor, who is a manufacturer of the above goods, made a large and imposing display of his wares. 48. — Ordway & Newland, 209 West Madison street, Cliicago. Clothing. "An attractive representation of gentlemen's fine clothing manufactured by the exhibitors. 49. — Parker & Tilton, Hatters, ^2> Clark street, Chicago, made one of the finest displays in the building, which reflected great credit upon this deservedly popular firm. Upon a platform raised some eight inches from the floor, and carpeted by velvet tapestry, was placed an elegant walnut case twelve feet in height, and surmounted by their trade mark, the Claw and Crown, the whole towering upwards some sixteen feet. At one corner of the platform stood an elaborately carved walnut card receiver, while upon the opposite side stood a delicate upholstered reception chair, the whole presenting an appearance of careless elegance, and cost- ing over $1,500. The goods contained in the case were of the finest kind, consisting of silk and felt hats of their own manufacture, as well as those of their importation from the celebrated English houses of Christy & Co., Lincoln, Bennett & Co., Henry Melton, and Tress & Co. They also exhibited specimens of Martin's umbrellas and walking sticks, directly imported by them. One of the most attractive feat- ures of the case were several of their unapproachable silk gossamer body dress hats, which are a specialty of this firm, weighing but three ounces, and being the lightest weight dress hat manufactured. The store of this firm fully compares with their display at the Exposition, and has been justly pronounced the most elegantly fitted establish- ment, in their line of business, on the continent. Taken altogether, the display made by this firm reflected great credit to themselves and the E-xposition alike, and attracted much attention from the visitors, as it properly should. 50. — PiNGREE & Smith, 15 and 17 Woodbridge street, Detroit, Mich. Samples of Fine Shoes. This display consisted of a fine collection of ladies', misses', and children's shoes and slippers, taken from stock of the exhibitors, without desire on their part to be fancy but to make an exhibitiou of such goods as t'hey manufacture for the trade, which were " practical fine shoes made to wear," and not for show alone. A great mistake is made by many in their display of goods by catering to the eye too much and not to solid worth and quality. Such goods it is true come in for a share of attention, and are pronounced beautiful, exquisite, etc., yet they demonstrate the 156 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. fact of having been "gotten up for the occasion," and are not a fair representation of the ordinary industrial pursuits which an exposi- tion is intended to draw out. The goods exhibited by Pingree & Smith would bear favorable comparison with any manufactured in the country, and certainly west of New York. The exhibitors' man- ufacturing capacity is nine htntdred Y>di\rs of fine shots per day, and their business extends from Massachusetts to Colorado. Many of Chicago's heaviest wholesale shoe houses acknowledge the excellence of these exhibitor's goods and deal extensively in their wares. Among their patrons may be named C. H. Fargo & Co., C. M. Hen- derson & Co., Doggett, Bassett & Hills, and others. The goods exhibited were particularly noticeable for their shape and desirable style, the designs of which were original with the makers. The glass show case containing this magnificent display is also worthy of mention, being of an unique design, oval sides and top, nickel plated and was entirely different from any other show case in the building. 51. — Spencer H. Peck, 195 and 197 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Carpets, Curtain Goods, etc. This house made a very fine and elaborate display in carpets and curtains, showing several elegant patterns in body Brussels and Axminster carpets in new colorings. One, a sage green ground, with beautiful scroll patterns of delicate vine, mingled with autumn leaves, small roses, violets, etc.; also a black ground, with wreaths and vines of Nile green, sprigs with del- icate buds and small roses in bright and cheerful coloring, the whole forming an elegant parlor carpet. There was also a beautiful display of Axminster rugs in light and delicate ground, and exquisite color- ings inithe different designs. The curtain department of this house, under the management of Mr. George W. Haskins, makes a magnifi- cent display in boudoir and chamber drapings, and calls for more than a passing notice. The section draping gives some new and interesting ideas in this class of work. The colors introduced were an underskirt of black silk velvet, cut with straight side, and em- broidered on outer edge with one-half inch silk gimp, in shape of scroll S's. Falling over this was an overskirt of a beautiful shade of fawn drab of English silk terry, laid in three folds about four inches in width, and dropping down half the distance of the underskirt, where it was caught up with loops, showing from under the graduated skirt. The edge of this overskirt was finished with Poncean satin, four inches wide, laid in clusters of puffs, edged on either side with half inch gimp to match, drops being used instead of fringe for fin- THE EXHIBITORS. 157 ishing. The center figure was a well executed design of scroll work, and following the design in shape was black velvet. Three festoons of Poncean satin, finished with solid six-inch black silk fringe, with Poncean drops at intervals of six inches, were held in position by a black walnut spear, to correspond with massive cornice composed of black walnut and ebony inlaid with gold. Florence applique lace curtains, with lace shade to match, completed this window, which was truly par excellence. The chamber window was of blue silk terry, long curtains, capped with short lambrequins, four-inch French satin border of exquisite design, gilt cornice of Grecian design ele- gant wrought lace curtains and space to match. This house made one of the finest and most costly displays in the Exposition. 52. — R. M. Peare & Co., 203 Fifth avenue, Chicago. Rubber and Leather Goods, etc. A variety of goods was displayed by this exhibitor, prominent among which were specimens of rubber and leather belting, hose packing and tubmg, Gasket's shaft rubber, lace, leather, etc., which was of good quality and workmanship. The display was not as large as the resources of the firm would have admitted, this house being one of the standard establishments of Chicago. 53. — Phelps, Dodge & Palmer, Wabash avenue, Chicago. Boots and Shoes. A full line of this firm's various styles of goods were exhibited in original cases ; also, a show case of fancy top boots. 54. — J. Freeman Quigg, 253 West Madison street, Chicago. A display of baby swings, rocking horses, jumpers, patent cradles, etc., which were manufactured by the exhibitor. 55. — J. A. Smith & Co., 161 State street, Chicago. Furs, etc. This firm made a representation of but one branch of their busi- ness, hats, caps and all kinds of head wear for gentlemen being a part not represented by their display, which consisted of some very elegant furs and lap robes. 56. — Joshua Smith, 204 State street, Chicago. Trunks, Bags, Travelers' Equipments, etc. This display consisted of a fine assort- ment of the above goods, in great variety. The specialty of the exhibition, however, was the celebrated patent " Sensation " trunk, which is manufactured only by the exhibitor, who is the owner of the patent. This trunk is undoubtedly the king in that line of goods. A few of its many advantages which may be named is its self-acting tray-raiser ; also, its great durability, resisting power, strength and economy in packing. 158 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 57. — Schweitzer & Beer, 154 State street, Chicago. Toys and Fancy Goods. Prominent among the attractions of varied articles was the exceedingly large representation made by this firm, who are, perhaps, the largest and most extensive dealers in the above line in Chicago or the northwest. Every variety of toys and fancy goods were shown in profusion, many of them being imported. A notice- able feature was a case of wax dolls, superbly attired in costly apparel, which was said to have been dressed by a Chicago lady for the occasion. The fact is certainly evident, that by whoever they were appareled, that person was fully acquainted with the subject before them, as well as having good taste in their selection of mate- rial, etc., from which the dresses were made. 58. — M. Selz & Co., 219 and 221 Madison street, Chicago. Boots and Shoes. A fine display was made of the celebrated Penitentiary hand made goods, consisting of custom kip, fine kip, veal kip, calf, tap sole, and driving boots, and calf shoes of all kinds, the entire list being made from superior stock. 59. — A. D. TiTSWORTH, Lakeside Building, Chicago. Ready- made Clothing. The display made by this exhibitor was in every way in keeping with the established reputation of the house, being the oldest ready-made clothing establishment in the city of Chicago, which for excellent quality of goods, and great variety of styles, is unequaled in the west. Among the many specimens of clothing ex- hibited may be mentioned some fine beaver sacks and sack coats, satin lined and velvet faced, Newmarket suits of English and French cassimeres; opera and evening dress suits; coats, pants, and vests in great variety of styles and goods, all of which were made in the best manner, and reflected credit upon the exhibitor demonstrating the excellence of the goods of this house to be unsurpassed even by the most celebrated firms. 60. — Robert Theim, 74 Madison street, Chicago. Boots and Shoes of unequaled quality, being composed of the strictly first-class stock, for which the establishment of this exhibitor has become so justly popular, and consisted of Boyden's celebrated gentlemen's shoes, manufactured at Newark, N. J., which is a specialty of this house ; also ladies', children's, and misses' shoes in great variety of styles and materials. The display was one for which the exhibitor is entitled to credit. 61. — Vergho, Ruhling & Co., 138-142 State street, Chicago. Toys and Fancy Goods. In this display was many articles of foreign THE EXHIBITORS. 159 manufacture, being imported directly by the firm. The exhibition made by this house comprised fancy goods in great variety, which was showily arranged and very attractive. 62. — VoGLER & Geudtner, 156 State street, Chicago. Trunks and Traveling Bags. This house, which is exclusively wholesale, made a fair display of goods in the above line, of their own manu- facture. 63. — Walker, Oakley & Co., 239 Lake street, Chicago. Leather. Specimens of leather from the well known tanneries of this firm in Holland, Mich., were exhibited, and from appearance was an excellent article, all the goods of this firm being justly celebrated for their superior points of excellence and durability which are im- parted during its manufacture. 64. — Wilde, Bluett & Co., State and Madison streets, Chicago. Men and Boys' Clothing and Furnishing Goods. In this exhibition were specimen suits of men's and boy's clothing, and a case of gentle- men's furnishing goods. They were the contribution to the objects of interest from the palatial clothing establishment of this well-known firm. A suit of good clothes, the one thing needful to genuine good feeling, has interest for every visitor at the Exposition. This display was made by one of the establisments that give character to Chicago enterprise, a place where the golden rule governs every business transaction, and the aim of its management is to give full value for the value received. 6^. — Warner, Marston & Felix, -^(i and 38 River street, Chica- go. Wood and Willow Ware, Brushes, Cordage, Twines, etc. The above firm (which is one of the oldest in this line in Chicago, being established a quarter of a century) made a large display of wood and willow ware, and which, being taken direct from ordinary stock on hand, spoke largely in favor of this well-known house and the goods kept by them. » 66. — Cyrus Wakefield, Boston, Mass. Exhibited a large line of Household Furniture, etc., in Rattan Goods. They are the largest manufacturers of this class of goods in the world, and their display of useful and ornamental goods attracted much attention. Their goods consisted of mats, mattings, lounges, tete-a-ieies, easy and rocking chairs, garden chairs, etc. \w fact almost every conceivable article of furniture was shown in this display. E. F. Hollister & Co., 121 and 123 State street, Chicago, are the agents of these goods and by whom the display was arranged for the exhibitor. i6o EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. 67. — D. Webster & Co., 270 and 272 Wabash avenue, Chicago, Ladies' and Children's Hats, Notions, etc. This popular firm, who cater to the taste of all, rich and poor, alike, made a notable display of goods of all qualities, comprising ladies' imported bonnets, laces, notions, French flowers, ribbons, velvets, silks, etc., all of which were commendably arranged and bespoke for the exhibitors a replete stock in their line of goods. 6'^. — M. D. Wells & Co., Madison and Market streets, Chicago. Boots and Shoes. This old and extensive firm made a commendable display of boots and shoes in cases, of their own manufacture. The goods of this firm are well known to be of uniform grade, and man- ufactured -from the best stock, and have an immense sale throughout the west and southwest. 69. — H. W. Wetherell, 45 and 47 Jackson street, Chicago. Mil- linery Goods, Trimmed Bonnets, etc. This house was established in 1855, and is one of the oldest in the" millinery line in Chicago, and the display made fully sustained their reputation, being one of the most elaborate and novel in the Exposition. Among the promi- nent features of their exhibition may be named some very fine French plumes, laces, ribbons, velvets, and notion goods, many of which were imported direct by the exhibitor. A further evidence of the superior quality and style of the goods emanating from this popular house was that, during the Exposition, they were absolutely compelled to dispose of several trimmed bonnets, forming part of their display, to strangers who did not reside in Chicago, and who, after having looked the great building with its immense contents care- fully over, fixed upon the goods of this exhibiior as those nearest their taste and opinion of what perfection should be. The display was one in every way creditable to the house, and for which the ex- hibitor is entitled to much credit. 70. — A. A. WiswALL, 76 State street, Chicago. Boots and Shoes. One of the most elegant displays of fine boots and shoes in the Exposition was doubtless contained in the case of this exhibitor, whose specialty is fine goods for ladies' and gents' wear. His ladies' goods are manufactured by Hamilton, Pratt & Co., of New York, and were those exhibited. These goods are very popular, the widths being so finely graded that a perfect fit can always be obtained. The gents' goods shown were of a variety of styles, prominent among which was the " Prince Bismark," and "Alexis Tie." 71. — Wilson Brothers, State and Washington streets, Chicago. THE EXHIBITORS. i6i Shirts and Mens' Furnishing Goods. One of the most elaborate displays in this line of goods was made by the above firm. A magnificent show case, manufactured by A. H. Andrews & Co., of Chicago, specially for the exhibitors, was composed of several kinds of fancy woods, elaborately carved, and cost $i,ooo. The contents were fully equal in quality, consisting of shirts, collars, cuffs, neck wear and furnishing goods generally. In addition to the articles already mentioned, were three other cases containing the finest of imported gents' underwear, comprising Scotch wool, Eng- lish merino, cashmere, and silk under garments of eight different weights. The display was most attractive, and one in every way worthy of the exhibitors. 72. — John Wayte, 531 and 533 State street, Chicago. Fine Shirts, and Specimens of Laundry Goods. This exhibitor, who com- bines the laundry business with that of the manufacture of fine shirts, ^displayed specimens of both branches of his business, which were highly commendable. The arrangement of his display was worthy of mention, and very creditable for its unique design. 73. — Webber & Harkin, 109 Clark street, Chicago. The "Ber- lin" Shirt and Gents' Furnishing Goods. In this line of goods it would be impossible to find a more attractive display, or one that contained more actual merit, than that made by this firm. The shirts exhibited were the celebrated " Berlin," which for faultless fit, supe- riority of material and make are unexcelled. These goods were dis- played in an elegant case, flanked on either end by square plate glass cases, one containing a superb assortment of gents' silk scarfs, ties, etc., of every hue and style ; while in the other case was exhibited a gent's smoking jacket of black velvet, with blue quilted silk trim- mings. Over the cases mentioned was a tasty walnut frame bearing the name of the firm and the Berlin shirt, carved in walnut, with gold relief. In several smaller cases were shown gents' underwear, in silk, wool and merino, of imported goods. The entire display evinced excellent taste in its arrangement and a disregard of expense while the goods shown were of the superior quality for which the firm have become so justly popular. 11 1 62 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. SECTION 9. P ortable Articles for Fishing, Hunting, and Encampment — Fire- Arms, Fishing Tackle, Traps, Tents, etc. I. — F. J. Abbey & Co., 43 South Clark street, Chicago. Guns, Fishing Tackle, and Sporting Goods. This firm made a fine display- in the above line, comprising a large variety of fine cutlery, revolv- ers, pistols, and every description of sportsmen's goods. The prin- cipal attraction of the exhibition being one of the F. J. Abbey patent breech-loading guns. ^These guns are highly endorsed as being the best breech-loading sporting gun made. The one shown was a gem, being a fine laminated steel double-barrel, with patent triple grip fastener. The stock was of the best English walnut, elaborately carved. This firm may be assured of having acquitted themselves with credit by the display made of their excellent goods. 2. — Biggs, Spencer & Co., 335 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Cut- lery and Guns. The above line of goods were well represented 'by the old established house of these exhibitors, and the display made was especially attractive, comprising, as it did, specimens of the finest manufactures. The Florentine carved work on one muzzle- loading gun being unique, and the engraved locks and furniture on another representing the highest class of modern engraving on metal. Breech-loaders of all the various actions evidence the great advance in sporting arms within twenty years or so, the first breech- loading shot gun (then considered a useless novelty) being exhibited by Lefaucheux, of Paris, at the London Exhibition of all Nations in 185 1. A pair of laminated barrels, partly finished, showing the method of manufacture from the rough bar to the completed gun, attracted the attention of gun men. The cutlery and scissors were superb, and some of most exquisite finish, affording an opportunity for the comparison of French and English with the best American products. A curiosity was a case of scissors in the different stages of manufacture : First, the rod of fine steel ; then, the roughly forged blade ; the same, filed, tempered, polished, matched, and riveted ; and, lastly, the perfect scissors ready for use. Cases of fine pearl and ivory table cutlery, and fine penknives, from the tiny blade half an inch long to the large clasp-knife, were in profusion at the greatest possible variety of price. Suffice to say, that the ability of any house to carry such a supply of fine wares is evidence that THE EXHIBITORS. 163 Chicago is an Empire city, commanding the trade and able to com- pete on equal terms with any sister city in the Union. 3. — Joseph Butler & Co., 179 Madison street, Chicago. Breech- Loading Shot Guns, Fishing Tackle, etc. This old and well-known firm made a creditable display of their goods, prominent among which was a case of the celebrated breech-loading shot guns of their own manufacture. Also fishing tackle and sporting goods in great variety, shows the stock of the firm to be not only extensive, but comj^lete in all its details. A fine case of natural history was also shown by these exhibitors, containing some elegant specimens of fancy birds, game, and animals, which were well put up. 4. — J. D. \V. Kelley & Bro., ^Z Madison street, Chicago. Base Ball and Sporting Goods. An attractive display was made by this firm of the above goods in great variety, comprising fine pocket cut- lery and skates, together with a large assortment of base ball, cricket and sporting goods, the latter articles being specialties of this house, by whom they are extensively dealt in. The exhibitors are the agents for Torry's patent weather strips, which have been so long before the public, samples of which were also shown. 5. — Laflin & Rand Powder Company ; C. H. Vehmeyer, Agent, 4 State street, Chicago. Samples of Kegs, Canisters, and different grades of Gunpowder, Safety Fuses, Electric Batteries, Exploders, etc. While the display made by this Company was one of practica- bility, and the above brief enumeration fully explains the nature of the goods shown, yet, nevertheless, a few 'facts regarding this immense Company may prove of interest, and are here given. These exhibitors are one of the largest manufacturers of gunpowder, not only in the United States, but in the world. Their principal office is at No. 21 Park Row, New York, but they have branch offices in Philadelphia, Buffalo, Chicago, St. Louis, Dubuque, and other places, with agencies in nearly all our principal cities. Their organization is a consolida- tion into one corporation of four different companies which had pre- viously been more or less under the same ownership. Of their ten establishments for making powder, five are located at different points in the State of New York, three in Pennsylvania, one in Maryland, and one in Wisconsin. They own several manufactories for kegs, barrels, machinery, and similar appliances. Two of the largest are located in New York, one devoted entirely to the manufacturing of machinery for the different mills, the other to the preparation of metallic kegs and canisters. Each of their powder works is necessa- 164 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. rily extensive, as the nature of the business requires it to be con- ducted in widely detached buildings, with, of course, separate motive power. On this account water is generally employed, and the extent of their business can be inferred from the fact that this Company keep over seventy water wheels in constant operation, although steam is employed in some places as being locally more economical. The transportation of powder is sometimes dangerous, and always expen- sive ; hence it is largely conducted in their own vessels or railroad cars, especially adapted to the purpose. Also, when finally brought to market, public safety requires that magazines be erected for its storage at all distributing points, the expense of which, with land sufficient to secure the building from molestation and the neighbor- hood from danger, of itself involves a large capital. Several of their works are employed exclusively upon gunpowder for use in fire arms. The one built in 1867 at Newburg, Orange county, N. Y., and still running, has given its name to the "Orange Rifle Powder," a title which will be recognized at once by those who have leisure for "dog and gun." This is the powder which, after fifteen months competitive trial between makers of this and other countries, was adopted by the Russian government, and is now used by them. Several other European countries have also been supplied by this Company. Contrary to the general idea, the demand for powder is far greater in peace than in war. The main business of the Laflin & Rand Powder Company is in supplying great engineering opera- tions with material especially adapted to their wants. The quality of powder required in mining bituminous coal, for instance, is very different from that which most economically removes the hard quartz work of silver mines. Moreover, the product of one is wanted in as large masses as possible, the other with the utmost comminu- tion. The working of a marble quarry for slabs, or the same lime- stone for burning, furnishes another familiar example. So, too, a single railway cutting can frequently employ to advantage a different grade of powder in the side hill, in the tunnel, and in its " approach." A noted contractor recently discharged, simultaneously, by means of this Company's electrical apparatus, some forty different blasts, with- in supporting distance of each other, which contained three different kinds of powder, and, on measuring, found his profits to be over $1,500 from the one explosion. The amount of money which can be saved by adapting means to ends in this matter will astonish those who have not investigated the subject. The question of explosives THE EXHIBITORS. 165 is becoming a very practical one to engineers in this day of railroads. The great want is the most foot-pounds work for the fewest pennies. For years there have been more powerful substances than gunpowder, as the fulminates, nitro-glycerine, gun-cotton, and the like, but beyond the objection of danger from their generally unstable and sensitive character, is the insuperable one of cost^ and powder will be apt to hold its place until, relatively speaking, more gas can be bought for the price of saltpetre, or a cheaper base than charcoal be found. To meet this requirement has been the object of the Laflin & Rand Powder Company. They make it their business to inform every min- ing superintendent, engineer or contractor who applies to them, at once, of just what he requires for the work in hand, and then to keep him supplied at his place of operations, promptly and cheaply. How well they have succeeded can be seen by the marks of their powder " graven on the rocks " of all our great engineering triumphs, from the Erie canal to the Pacific railroad. 6. — Charles Morris, 119 Randolph street, Chicago. Fire Works, etc. A display of the above goods was made by this exhibitor, of his own manufacture ; also, an oil-well torpedo, a valuable invention for sinking oil-wells. The goods of this house are classed equal in excellence to those made by any other establishment in the country. 7. — Lieut. G. H. Palmer, i6th Infantry, U. S. A., Waukesha, Wis. Army Equipments. This exhibitor displayed a full set of army equipments, which, though occupying but a small space of the great building, were, nevertheless, singled out as objects of attrac- tion. The exhibitor undoubtedly has the thanks of many visitors, and from the rural districts particularly, for the opportunity afforded them to look upon 2i genuine set of equipments, which had, doubtless, caparisoned some steed in actual service ; at least so the force of imagination led many to believe. 8. — E. Remington & Sons, Illion, Herkimer County, N. Y. Fire Arms. The goods of this renowned firm requires no words of commendation, as they have a reputation extending throughout this country and Europe, and are the most superior fire-arms manufac- tured. The display made consisted of specimens of every style of their celebrated guns, pistols and revolvers. The specialty of this firm exhibited was the " Remington " military breech-loading rifle, which has been adopted by ni7ie different governments, and is popu- larly known throughout the world. This rifle is unequaled for 1 66 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. simplicity, strength and rapidity of fire, and as perfect an arm as was ever manufactured. 9. — J. J. Whitehouse, 7 State street, Chicago. Dupont's Cele- brated Powder in Kegs. The manufacture of powder, in earlier days, by this firm, is invested with much romance, and now being the largest and most wealthy works of the kind in the world, a brief detailed account is here given : The use of gunpowder dates back many centuries ago. The first uses to which it was put was in the carnage of war, and it is only for the last two or three hundred years that it has been so generally applied as an assistant to mechanical labor. Now there is more powder used in railroading, mining and other mechanical arts than there is used in war. Eleuthere Irene Du Pont was the founder of the immense works known as the "Brandywine Powder Works," near Wilmington, Dela- ware. He was a native of France, and came to the United States in the latter part of 1799. ^^ landed in Newport, Rhode Island, in the commencement of the' year 1800. Having been a pupil of the celebrated French chemist, Cavoisier, who had charge of the " Bureaue de Poudres et Saltpetres," under the French government, and noticing the poor quality of the gunpowder made in this country, he resolved to engage in its manufacture. After some time spent in selecting a location, Mr. Du Pont commenced manufac- turing gunpowder at a point on the Brandywine Creek, about four miles above the town of Wilmington, in the State of Delaware. Here he prosecuted the business with such success that at the time of his death, which occurred in Philadelphia, in 1834, this establish- ment was the most extensive one of its kind in the United States, as it now is one of the largest and finest in the world. The original works, on the Brandywine, commenced operations in 1802, and have a capacity for producing five thousand pounds of sporting powder per day. But the business increasing, from the reputation of the powder made by Mr. Du Pont, he was obliged to erect other buildings. In 181 2 was commenced the Middle or Hag- ley works, which comprise two complete sets of works, in one enclosure, under a fall of twenty two feet, so arranged that both can work on the same description of powder; or, if required, one set can manufacture one kind and the other set another kind of pow- der, the two combined having a capacity of twenty-five thousand pounds of blasting powder per day. THE EXHIBITORS. 167 Since the decease of its founder, the business has been managed by his two sons and grandsons, who maintain the old firm style of E. J. Du Pont de Nemours & Co. The works of the firm have been largely increased since that time. They now comprise five complete manufactories, four of them on the Brandywine, and one in Lu- zerne county, Pennsylvania. In the latter, blasting powder for colliers' use is largely manufactured. In 1846, the firm commenced what is known as the lowei- works. They are under a fall of twelve feet, and have a capacity of five thousand pounds of sporting powder per day. The saltpetre refinery, with laboratory attached, is two hundred and fifty -eight feet, by ninety-six feet in area, with ample appliances for supplying all the nitre required for the manufacture of powder, and also considerable quantities for the market, for such purposes as require an article chemically pure. In proximity to the refinery are large warehouses for the storage of saltpetre. The charring houses, for the preparation of charcoal, three in number, are capable of furnishing all the coal required for the millsj the wood being stored and seasoned in extensive buildings adjacent. Attached to these works are extensive machine and millwright shops, where all repairs are made, and most of the machinery is built; also a saw-mill, plan- ing-mill, carpenter and blacksmith shops, and capacious buildings for the manufacture of wooden and metallic kegs and barrels, and of powder canisters. Railroad tracks are laid through the powder works, and the bulk of the transportation of the powder, in its various stages of manufacture, is done on cars drawn by horses or mules, of which this Company have about eighty. The high reputation so long maintained for the Brandywine Powder is due to the care bestowed on its manufacture, and to the constant supervision of the owners. The consumption of saltpetre, the principle ingredient in the manu- facture, has been in a single year, including the Luzerne county mills, over seven millions of pounds. ' In order to be used in the manufacture of gun powder, refined saltpetre should not contain more than i-3ooth of chlorides. To test this, dissolve 200 grains of saltpetre in the least possible quantity (say 1,000 grains) of tepid distilled water; pour on it 10 grains of a solution of nitrate of silver containing 20 grains of the nitrate, to 1,033 grains of water, that being the quantity required to decompose 200-3, oooths ^^ ^ grain of muriate of soda : filter the liquid and divide it into two portions — to one portion add a few drops of the solution of nitrate of silver ; if it remains clear, the i68 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. saltpetre does not contain more than 1-17,000 of muriate of soda — to the other portion add a small quantity of solution of muriate of soda; if it becomes clouded, the saltpetre contains less than i-3,oooth. By using the test liquor in small quantities, the exact proportion of muriate of soda may be ascertained; at the refinery of Paris it does not exceed i-i 8,000th of the saltpetre, and this degree of purity is attained also at the refinery of Messrs. Du Pont. Saltpetre for the best sporting powder is refined a second time, and contains not more than i-6o,oooth part of chlorides. The machinery in operation in these works is driven by three steam engines and forty-seven water-wheels, the majority of which are " Turbines." The manufacture embraces all descriptions of powder ; mammoth? cannon, mortar, musket and rifle, for army and navy ordnance service ; diamond grain, eagle, and the various grades of canister and sport- ing powders; shipping, blasting, mining and fuse powders. The production of these mills is principally consumed in the United States, they having agencies and magazines at all the most important points, with a principal depot for the Pacific States at San Francisco, and agencies in South America, and in the East and West Indies. Besides the powder-mills, the Company own over two thousand acres of land, that stretch for a distance of three miles on both sides of the stream ; and on this property there are three woolen mills, a cotton mill, merchants' and grist mill, and a population of nearly four thousand people. The farms attached to the works are in a high state of cultivation, and the roads are all macadamized for ease of transportation. The buildings are mostly of stone, and very substantial, and the machinery is the best that can be procured. The Company have two shipping points — one on the Delaware river, with magazines, and a wharf at which large vessels can lie ; the other on Christiana creek, with ample wharfage for coasters, and for landing coal^ wood, etc. A passenger railway has been established between the city of Wilmington and the property of the Messrs. Du Pont. To illustrate the progress which has been made in the manu- facture of powder in the United States, since the foundation of this firm in 1802, it is only necessary to recall the fact that during the Crimean war the Allies, to enable them to prosecute the siege of Sebastopol, were obliged to procure large supplies of gunpowder from the United States, fully one-half of which was furnished by the Brandywine powder mills, and that the American powder compared THE EXHIBITORS. 169 favorably with the best they could procure in all Europe. The annual product of these mills is over half a million of kegs. Such is the reputation it has established that scarcely a foreigner of note that visits this country fails to see the works of the Brandywine powder mills. SECTION 10. Horse Equipments and Stable Furniture, Harness Work, Saddlery, etc. I.— L. C. Chase & Co., cor. State and Harrison streets, Chicago. Harness and Horse Furnishing Goods of every Description. A very attractive and highly commendable display was made by this well known house, comprising fine harness, and horse equipments of every kind. Perhaps but few business houses in the country are bet- ter or more favorably known to dealers in this line of goods, than that of L. C. Chase & Co., which was established in Boston, Mass., over a quarter of a century ago, where the head-quarters of the firm is still located. The western house, which is under the management of Mr. Ben. Lane, was located in Chicago some years ago to better meet the requirements of a large and constantly increasing demand for the goods of this firm in the west. Among the specimens of their manufacture displayed, were several elegant sets of fine track and car- riage harness, with gold and silver mountings ; a case of whips of extra quality, some being worth $100, and an extensive assortment of very superior lap robes may also be mentioned, together with buckles, reins, riding gloves, turf boots, ornaments for blinders of unique design, etc., which comprised the excellent exhibition made by this firm. In justice to the exhibitors, it must be said that all the goods comprising their immense display, were taken from regular stock, and not manufactured for show, the firm deeming that by so doing a fair representation would be given of what the goods made by them consisted of, and their regular quality. The exhibitors are entitled to great credit for the exhibition made, and its noticeable arrange- ment. 2. — Daniel Eighme, 522 Park avenue, Chicago. A Shoemaker's Clamp. This necessary article, so extensively used, was shown by the exhibitor with valuable improvements. 3. — S. L. Harrell, 45 State street, Chicago. The display made by this exhibitor was large, and consisted of saddlery hardware, lyo EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, blankets, rugs, mats, riding saddles," patent leather goods, enameled cloths, harness, tools, coach pads, horse brushes, nets, etc. The above goods were all from celebrated eastern manufacturers, for whom Mr. Harrell is wholesale agent for the west and south, having estab- lished an agency in Chicago. This agency has the exclusive sale in the west of goods manufactured by the following well-known firms, and from which the above named display was composed, viz : Olmsted & Jones, Syracuse, N. Y. ; Frazer & Burns, Syracuse, N. Y. ; Atha & Hughes, New York ; Wm. M. Welling & Co., do ; Rich- ard Allison, do ; E. Bartlett, do ; Wuesthoff, Wright & Kuenhold, Newark, N. J. ; H. Sauerbier & Sons, do ; Geo. Peters, do ; A. Buer- mann, do;. Ziegler & Otto, do; Oscar Barnett, do; Wilson Brothers, Milton, Penn. ; A. L. Bowman, Akron, Ohio; and many others. The display reflected much credit not only to the manufacturers, but to the agent also. 4. — J. Herkimer, 607 West Lake street, Chicago. Whips, Har- ness and Harness Polish; also, Herkimer Patent Rein and Whip Holder. An ingenious little article for holding the reins and whip of a carriage. By its use it is impossible for the reins to ever get under the horses' feet. It can be fastened to the dash by a small clamp. The same is also adapted for a whip socket. 5. — Murray & Baker, 100 South Desplaines street, Chicago. Black Oiled Canvas, Water-proof Horse and Wagon Covers. The above firm took a novel method of calling attention to their display. They exhibited a model of their place of business, with a number of teams at or near their office door, from which was suspended the " call " card of the American Express, whose wagon had answered the summons, and was backed at the door, both horses and wagons of all the miniature teams being covered with water-proof covers, representing that made by this well known firm, who also manufac- ture awnings, and, to represent the fact, the windows of the min- iature establishment were all protected by a fancy awning. This firm deserves credit for their novel display, by which attention was called to their wares and the usefulness of the same. 6. — William Moreley, 641 Hubbard street, Chicago. Exhibited a variety of Saddlers' and Shoemakers' Stitching Horses, Clamps, Jacks, etc, of his own manufacture. 7. — Ortmayer, Lewis & Co., 16 and 18 State street, Chicago. Exhibited a splendid display of Saddles, Whips, Lap Robes, Blankets, Horse Equipments and Turf Goods. Prominent among their goods. THE EXHIBITORS. 17 1 was a light, cloth, Somerset side-saddle, finely quilted by machine, which was a superior piece of workmanship, and valued at Jioo. This firm also exhibited a full line of horse collars, housings, ankle boots, gig saddles, coach pads, etc. The display made by these exhibitors was very fine and composed of goods of their own manu- facture and those taken from regular stock. This firm have been established for nearly a quarter of a century, 8. — S. R. Phillips & Son, 165 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Har- ness, Saddles and Horse Equipments. One of the most attractive exhibitions in the Exposition Building was made by this firm. To minutely describe the many elegant articles displayed in their line would occupy greater space than can be accorded, and hence brie^ mention must suffice. Among the attractions was a life-size wooden horse, a most suitable emblem of the firm's business. The article in question was a superb piece of workmanship, having been given all the semblance of the real animal by the artist, and, being capari- soned by an elegant set of harness and attached to a sulky, made the representation of the living animal more striking, for which it was, doubtless, taken by many. Of the display of this firm's goods but little need be said, as their reputation for fine work is renowned, and needs no comment. The stock used by this firm in their man- ufactory is the celebrated Moffat leather, and is considered the best in market, costing treble the amount of that ordinarily used by many first-class manufacturers. Among the most noticeable articles exhibited by this house was a set of coach harness, with gold mountings, valued at $500; also, several sets of fine single harness, ranging in price from $100 to $300. Also, some magnificent speci- mens of saddles, the finest on exhibition. Lap robes, whips and horse furnishing goods, in great variety, were profusely displayed, and the representation made by this firm was first-class in all its appointments, being of great credit to them, and sustaining their deserved reputation . of a representative house, which was estab- lished in Philadelphia thirty years ago, during all of which time they have occupied a position in the front rank and among the first-class houses of the country. The branch establishment in Chicago is under the immediate management of the junior member of the firm, Mr. A. J. Phillips. 9. — Short & Brayton, 181 Madison street, Chicago. Harness and Saddlery Goods. A variety of specimens of fine track and carriage harness were shown by the exhibitors, which is their 172 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. specialty; also, several elegant lap robes, plated harness mountings, whips, horse sheets, etc., an attractive feature being a full set of Mexican harness, including the inevitable lariet, which is always found at the saddle bow of a Mexican or frontiersman. The display of this firm was particularly fine, and arranged with com- mendable care. lo. — Ulbricht & Ross, (i2> West Monroe street, Chicago. Ex- hibited a case of Gamph's celebrated harness tools, for which they are agents, and a case of Ross' harness patterns, for which this firm have also the sole agency. DEPARTMENT "C." i^merals — CSeir ISaroug^t, r ;;z^^/^'^;;^ the pipes being only 40 lbs. to the square inch. An alarm wire or cord attached to a handle upon each landing in the building and in connection with the extinguisher below, is sprung in case of fire, which instantly charges the machine and raises a pressure of 200 lbs. to the square inch, opens the check 252 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. valve, and assumes control of the main water pipes. An ordinary fire butt is placed on each floor, with hose attached, and hence the same is supplied with a powerful extinguisher, which, in case of emergency, is ready for action in a moment's notice. When the machine has emptied itself, the pressure falls from 200 lbs., below 40 lbs. to the square inch, as before stated, which allows the water to again fill it to its capacity, which is 200 gallons. This extinguisher is possessed of very many valuable points of excellence which space will not permit of being enumerated. The " Drake" is generally conceded to be the latest, best, and most valuable invention of the age, and is undoubtedly destined to make for itself a record second to no extinguisher known. 9. — ExcELSio.R Press Brick Manufacturing Company, 77 Dearborn street, Chicago. A complete working model (i^ scale) of the Brick Machine made by this Company was exhibited. The machine has two sets of moulds, seven in each set, fixed in an alien- ating carriage that passes under a feeder, which fills the moulds with clay, and which, when filled, pass and repass under a traversing pressure wheel that give to the bricks in the moulds two downward pressures. To the plate bottom of each mould is attached a piston, which is made to pass up an inclined plane as the carriage moves to its point of alienation, and as the pistons move on that plane, they give to the bricks an upward pressure; and when all the pistons have passed the summit of the inclined plane they rest en the level plane of a lever, which, in its turn, lifts the bricks to the surface of the moulds, from whence they are moved by means of a sweep. The feeder is supplied* with clay by elevators, which get their supply from the pit of two grinding rollers, which rollers take the clay fresh from the bank and prepare it for the moulds. This machine was awarded two prize medals, the highest in the class, at the French Universal Exposition of 1867. One year since, some leading citizens of Chicago, conjointly with some eastern capitalists, created a stock company for the manufacture of bricks, and greeted Excelsior machines upon land situated a few miles from Chicago upon the C, B. & Q. Railroad. These works have been under the management of W. L. Gregg, Esq., the son of the inventor and President of this Company, and to the persistent efforts of this gen- tleman is Chicago indebted for a fine quality of brick, which hereto- fore has been attainable only through costly importation from Phila- delphia and St. Louis. THE EXHIBITORS. 253 10. — Hall Brothers, Boston, Mass. Brown Brothers, sole west- ern agents, Chicago. Hall Brothers' Fire Extinguishing Apparatus. This invention is as novel as it is perfect protection in case of fire. A series of perforated iron pipe traverse every room in the building, as well as the ou4;side and upon the roof. A large receiving pipe is placed in some place easy of access in case of emergency. From the top of the " Receiver " are main pipes leading to each room in the building, each numbered like the room to which it leads, and cut off from the receiver by valves. These mains are watertight until they get to the rooms, where the perforated pipes or "sprinklers " commence ; these perforated pipes run across a room, say a line every eight or ten feet. The perforations are small and frequent. Now if a fire occurs in any room — say room No. 3 — the valve of No. 3 leading pipe is turned, and in an instant a fine rain shower of spray fills that room. A few moments of this fine rain will suffice to extinguish almost any fire, and that without flooding or deluging the room with water. As soon as the fire is extinguished, the valve, upon being turned back, will immediately stop the supply of water ; and as soon as the pressure is turned from the receiver, the valve is again opened, and the water remaining in the pipes at once runs out through the small waste cock at the bottom of the receiver. When a fire takes place, the excitement and confusion always existing is very unfavorable to efficient action ; and while men are running amid the smoke with hand hose, portable engines or extinguishers, the fire generally spreads beyond control. The opening of doors and windows to get access, admits the air and supplies the fire with oxygen ; but the " sprinklers " are a fixture, always on the spot, and ready for instant action. Perforated gas pipes have been, for sev- eral years, placed in certain portions of cotton and woolen mills, but the great objection to them has been that in drilling the holes a rag- ged burr is left upon the inside, upon which are constantly collecting lint, dust, etc., so that after a time the hole becomes filled up so much that it cannot be used with any degree of certainty ; we have even known of manufacturers who had this kind of pipe who were obliged to paste over every hole a piece of fine tissue paper. Messrs. Hall Brothers use a pipe made of galvanized sheet iron, and claim that they have the only machine in the world for making sheet metal pipe in long lengths. The holes are punched out on the sheets before forming them into pipes, thus leaving a clean smooth hole. The working of the extinguisher was practically demonstrated by 254 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. the exhibitors, and attracted great attention from scientific persons, by whom the workings of this apparatus were pronounced superior to any now in use. In the short time this system has been in opera- tion it has already been adopted by many of the largest manufacto- ries and mills in the country. II. — W. HuTCHiNGS, Agent National Fire Extinguisher, 210 La- Salle street, Chicago. This display consisted of four extinguishers, very highly and finely finished, but the elaborateness of manufacture has but little to do with the working qualities of an article upon which so much reliance is placed in time of need. The mechanism of the extinguisher is very simple, and not liable to derangement or leaking of the acid, and the general excellence of construction, aside from the peculiar features involved, the " National" appears to be all that it is claimed, viz : a first-class article. 12. — John Harden, 65 and 67 South Clinton street, Chicago. Anti-friction Glass bearings for Cross-heads, Cylinder packing rings, and all other working parts of Machinery. This invention seems to be a highly valuable one, and for the durability of which reference is made to eminent mechanics who have subjected them to the most severe tests, and after an experience of years have pronounced in their favor as a saving of expense in every particular, quite a num- ber of whom have adopted them on the railways and other institu- tions with which they are connected. The harder and smoother the material used for bearings is, the less friction there will result. With this fact in view glass was tried for bearings of machinery. It is extremely hard and smooth, and may be made perfectly secure, and capable of sustaining an immense pres- sure. Glass is a non-conductor of heat and electricity. Its hard- ness is uniform. It is not porous or fibrous, as metals are, therefore will not use up oil so fast. It has the effect of creating a gloss on the surface upon which it is working. The oil which it requires to keep it lubricated is but one-fourth the amount which metals use. It can be moulded to suit any surface or shape — plain, convex or concave — and there are but few working parts of machinery where it cannot be used to great advantage. The inventor has applied it chiefly to cross-heads, packing rings, link blocks and eccentrics, his patent covering the use of glass in all working parts of machinery. There seems to be an idea prevailing in the minds of many prac- tical men, that should any of the glass bearings break, while in use, the broken glass would cut the part on which it was working. The THE EXHIBITORS. 255 inventor has thoroughly proved by many practical tests that it will not do so under any circumstances; on the contrary, it is a well- known fact that with broken glass you can make a much finer steam joint, and smoother surface on a valve seat than with emery or other substances. 13. — R. M. Johnson, 228 Lake street, Chicago. The "New Chi- cago " Fire Extinguisher. This extinguisher is one of excellence, and like all other valuable patents, its chief merit lays in its simplici- ty, there being nothing complicated about it. One great feature of this machine is, that it cannot be got out of order in any way, or by overturning, but always does its work commendable, and is always ready. This machine is of Chicago invention and manufacture, and the city is to be congratulated in having so valuable a patented arti- cle go out to the world as one of her many products, and particularly one that is destined to be so soon largely used and brought into prominence. The Illinois Central Railroad have adopted this extin- guisher, as well as the great Palmer and Tremont Houses of (Chicago. It has three points of excellence, sought by all manufacturers of ex- tinguishers, and not before fully attained, ist. The combustion, or thorough mixture of the chemicals in every part of the machine, takes place instantaneously, without shaking, and it is ready for im- mediate action. Hence the mixture is perfectly harmless when shot upon the finest fabrics. 2d. No lifting the handle, or overturning the machine, will ever prematurely mix the chemicals, as in others. Hence it is always ready when the fire comes. 3d. Its perfect sim- plicity of construction, nothing to get out of order, and ease of ope- ration. 14. — John Killefer, Bloomingdale, Mich. Bolt and Nut Thread- ing Machine. A very useful machine for general shop use, combin- ing two perfect machines on one bed, and has a capacity of cutting three thousand bolts and nuts per day. This machine has been in use for three years, and fully demonstrated its great value, doing its work thoroughly, with a great saving of time and labor. 15. — Alfred Lagergren, Western Agent White Star Line, 97 and 99 Clark street, Chicago. A Model of the famous Steamship Baltic. The little vessel was complete in every detail, a perfect fac sijnile of the vessel that has made the fastest trip across the Atlantic on record — seven days, fifteen hours, and eight minutes. The large vessel from which the model takes its name, the "Baltic," was constructed in hull, by Messrs. Harland & Wolff, of Belfast, Ireland. Her stern 256 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. is straight, and not unlike many of the recent larger English steam- ships. The dimensions of the Baltic are, length on deck, 440 feet ; breadth of beam, 41 feet ; depth of hold, 2)^ feet ; load draught, 24 feet; tonnage (British measurement), 2,700 tons net, and 4,350 tons gross. Her frames are of angle iron, with double riveting through- out the vessel. There are three decks of iron, the height between which is nine feet, and these are covered with wood. Plate stringers are upon each of these. Her rig is somewhat novel, as she is fitted with four masts, three of which are ship rigged. These masts are a single iron cylinder, with a wooden fall for the colors. The height of truck above water is 150 feet. There are seven water-tight com- partments in the vessel ; she carries a hurricane or turtle deck over forward part of the boat, and this part of her construction is of the most approved character. Her upper deck presents the opportunity of a grand promenade, and on every hand there are so many improvements on the old style of ocean steamers that are suggestive of comfort, that the beholder is lost in admiration and astonishment. 16. — Williams & Orton Manufacturing Company, Sterling, 111. Pulleys, Hangers, etc. This Company made a display of sev- eral leading articles of their manufacture, which consisted of iron shafting, compression couplings, pulleys and adjustable hangers, with self-oiling journal boxes. These articles are the specialties of this Company, and are of superior make and material. 17. — Wiley & Russell, Greenfield, Mass., and 136 Lake street, Chicago. Grant Bolt Cutter. The machine exhibited was a No. i hand bolt cutter and drill combined, with taps, adjustable dies, reversable nut check, and rut for drilling. This machine is highly indorsed, and only those who have seen one in operation can form a fair idea of the time saved by its use, and the high quality of its work. SECTION 4. Machinery in Motion Requiring Steam Power. I.— Americus Manufacturing Company: N. P. Wilder, Presi- dent; James Bolton, Secretary ; office, 123 Dearborn street, Chicago. Corn Husking Machine. This is a new corporation, having been organized under the laws of Illinois on the 30th of March, 1873, its object being the manufacture and sale of a machine known as " Phil- lip's Spiral Corn Husker," one of which was on exhibition in full THE EXHIBITORS. 257 operation. It is very strong, exceedingly simple, and very practica- ble, and consists of eight iron rollers contained in a frame work of hard wood. The rolls are placed in this frame in an inclined posi- tion. The surface of these rolls have spiral depressions or grooves running around them from one end to the other, and in these grooves are stout steel spikes. As the ears of corn pass over the rolls, the hasks, caught by these spikes, are torn off and dropped under the machine, while the ears pass on to the end. The grooves upon one of the rolls are opposite spikes of the other roll, which allows the ear to settle down between them, so that the grip upon the husk may be more certain. These depressions and spikes being arranged spir- ally, rip husks at one end of the ear, and continues the grasp to the opposite end, making the process of stripping the husk from the ear very similar to that of husking by hand. Although it husks go rap- idly as to seem almost incredible — husking at the rate of three bush- els per minute, when run to its full capacity — its process is so sim- ple and natural that not a kernel 'of corn is shelled from the ear dur- ing the operation. It husks the corn cleaner and better than is ordi- narily done by hand, while it produces husks soft and free from stalks, "nubbins," or any foreign substance, and ready for the con- sumer without any waste whatever. 2. — Buckeye Engine Company, Salem, Ohio. Exhibit a small upright engine and boiler combined, designed for printing offices and other establishments requiring a small motor. The boiler is of the " vertical flue " form, and rests upon a large circular base, which is of such form as to collect the water emitted from the gauge cocks and other parts of the engine. The cylinder, upper cylinder-head, frame, slices, pillow-block, and supporting bracket which secures the engine to the boiler-head, are formed in one casting of elegant design. Upon the lower cylinder-head the feed pump is attached, the plunger of which is a projecting rod from the piston of the engine. The en- gine is provided with a heater for the feed water, close to the boiler shell, with governor, steam gauge, water indicator, and all requisites necessary to a complete steam power. As an article of intrinsic merit, it was not excelled by anything on exhibition. Mr. J. Fargu- son, 56 South Canal street, represents the Buckeye Company in Chi- cago, and is to be commended for introducing so thoroughly first- class an article as the Buckeye engine. 3. — Battle Creek Machinery Company, Battle Creek, Michigan. Boult's Patent Carving, Paneling Irregular Moulding and Dove-tailing 17 258 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. machine, for shaping, edge-moulding, paneling, surface moulding, moulding scroll or fret work, dove-tailing, etc. By the use of this machine, can be accomplished all kinds of work hitherto only done by hand. It has often been offered as an objection that machines adapted to an extended variety of work must be more or less com- plicated — the changes difficult and tedious, and the adjustment troublesome. The inventor's long acquaintance with machinery has seemed to give him practical suggestions on this point, and the con- sequence is an arrangement so simple that not five minities' time, on the removal of two bolts, is necessary to eff'ect the most radical change in this machine, which seems to have been adapted to the general wants of the various workers in wood. The dovetail attachment is a simple and perfect arrangement for making a j"/;' South Water street. Chicago. Bris- tol Washing Machine. These machines appear to be an important domestic invention; and of the various washing apparatus and gen- eral labor saving inventions for the relief of household drudgery exhibited, the Bristol Washer seems to have made the most impres- sion. This admirable washing machine, manufactured and sold by the prominent commission house of the exhibitors, differs from THE EXHIBITORS. 273 Other industrial inventions in some important points of manifest superiority, which entitle it to popularity and general adoption. These points, as developed in the public examinations to which they are submitted are, that it is noiseless in operation, washes without wear to fabrics; washes lace fabrics, curtains, etc., without injury ; washes woolen goods without fulling or shrinking; works without friction, works rapidly, and works efficiently. A great point of ad- vantage is in the corrugated rollers, which have no unoccupied spaces for the retention of soiled water, and insure the cleanest washing without the common fault of shrinking the garment. The popular favor met with by the Bristol Washer was well illustrated by the sale of many machines to visitors, which demonstrated that this machine was all that was claimed for it. 4. — G. H. N. CusHMAN & Co., Ottawa, 111.; Office, 174 South Clark street, Chicago. Family Favorite Knitting Machine. This machine is of circular form, and is superior, not only in point of cost and lightness, but in the essentials of simplicity, durability, and rapidity of work, and possesses all the desirable features which a simple knitting machine can have. These are : Ability to knit back and forth over any desired number of needles, from one up to all but one carried by the needle cylinder; ability to pass any needle or any number of needles without forming stitches upon them, and without casting off the work carried by them ; absence of mechan- ical complications of uncertain action, and low cost. As to meclianical construction, all the parts of this knitter are made to gauge ; the utmost care is used in mixing metal for the cast iron work, and all the small parts are made either of steel, tempered and pol- ished, or of Norway iron, case hardened, and all the screws are hardened and drawn to color. No machine of any kind for family use is more thoroughly good in workmanship than the Family Favorite knitter. Special tools have been designed and constructed in every needful instance, and in finish, outline, and ornament, this knitter seems to be unsurpassed. 5.— Calkins' Champion Washer Company, 191 and 193 South Clark street, Chicago. Champion Washing Machine. Labor-saving inventions are among the chief characteristics of the age. The work of the farmer and mechanic has been relieved of its most toilsome features by the inventive genius of the nineteenth century. But the work of woman, most dreaded, has remained without alleviation, and the weekly washing day has brought to every family its innu- 18 2 74 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. merable discomforts. This machine well and truly deserves its name, as it undoubtedly is the champion over all other machines. It is substantial in construction, does its work perfectly and quietly,, and is universally indorsed, having taken many first premiums at various State Fairs for its superior qualities. 6. — Davis Sewing Maching C J.,Watertown, N.Y. Branch office, 358 and 360 Wabash avenue, Chicago. J. B. Collins, Manager. The Davis sewing machine and specimens of its work were exhibited by this Company. Among the samples of work shown were several articles of children's clothing elegantly braided and stitched, demon- strating the perfection attained by the only vertical feed machine exhibited, and the only one of any reputation manufactured. One noticeable feature was that it not only does the fancy ornamental work as well, but that, with only a change of needle and thread, it sews — and fully as well — through a half inch of solid lead and block tin, and with the same tension. Among the many good points of this comparatively new candidate for favor are the facts that it is impossible for work to pull up ; that no basting is required ; that it sews over folds and plaits without touching at all. The arrange- ment for the vertical feed is above the shuttle plate, the goods rest- ing upon a smooth surface, and are held firmly down by the presser foot until the needle has penetrated the fabric, at which time the pressure on the fabric is being transmitted from the pressure foot to the vertical feed-bar (which comes down on the goods close behind the needle) by means of a lever connecting the two, and also, with the needle-bar, so that at the time the needle has reached its lowest point the full pressure is transmitted to the feed-bar, and at which time the needle-bar and feed-bar are both moved laterally the desired length of stitch, both moving in unison at their highest and lowest points. This Company was organized about five years ago, at Water- town, N. Y., and completely remodeled and improved the machine during the first part of the present year. Among the improveujents may be mentioned the "milled shanked needle," by which device all sized needles occupy precisely the same position in relation to the shuttle, and cannot be set wrong for use ; also a new and patented '' back-hanger," capable of easy adjustment in case of wear ; a new "take-up" and an adjustable "needle-plate" for sewing with large or small needles. 7. — W. P. Davis & Co., 112 Dearborn street, Chicago. Sewing Machine Attachments. This well known firm exhibited specimens THE EXHIBITORS. 275 of their manufactures, prominent amonsi which was the " Peerless " tuck creaser, an attachment which really is, as its name indicates, without a rival; a fact conceded at once by all who witnessed it in operation. It is doubtless the most perfect working creaser in the market, making exactly the same crease for the widest as for the narrowest tuck, and so perfect for either that the goods fold over at once. The creasing is done by means of a long lever, and is there- fore extremely easy on the machine. Sewing machine agents all over the country have been much perplexed by the continual com- ing to pieces of the old style tuck markers, put together with soft solder, and will be glad to know the fact that the Peerless lias not one particle of solder about it, and that its working parts being made of the best steel, it is very durable, and only needs to be seen to be appreciated. The entire display was one which reflected much credit upon the firm, not only for the merits of the goods shown but for the good taste evinced in their arrangement, being contained in a handsome nickel plated show-case. 8. — Farrar & Wheeler, 155 State street, Chicago. General Western Agents Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machines. A sewing machine at this late day is no novelty ; but comparatively few are acquainted with the great facility with which the finest work is executed by steam power. Therefore the interest manifested in the Wheeler & Wilson machines was largely due to four of them being run some 1,200 to 1,500 stitches per minute, manufacturing various articles. A shirt, with its many pieces, requiring to be hemmed plaited and felled, turned out in forty minutes! Not a coarse, com- mon article, but of fine material and perfect workmanship. The instantaneous starting and stopping, at this buzzing rate of speed, without breaking a thread or impairing the excellence of the work, seemed hardly possible, but such was the fact. The machines were run about six hours per day, and performed the following work: Eight dozen shirts, 12 dozen cuffs, 20 dozen bosoms, 22 dozen collars, 8 dozen roller towels, 400 sheets, 400 pillow slips, 180 yards tucking, 96 mattress ticks, 48 berth curtains and 100 window curtains. Another novelty was the new Wheeler & Wilson manufacturing machine No. 6. This heavy machine was run on patent leather saddle pads, and received many compliments from those whose experience fitted them to judge of such work, for the beauty of stitch and its quietness. It was speeded up to 1,200 stitches per minute, by steam, to show its capacity for speed, which is claimed to 276 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. be fully thirty per cent, faster than shuttle machines can be speeded. Although many attempts have been made, this is the first successful application of the rotary hook to machines for leather and other heavy work. It is not only a success, but has many novel and useful features, which must ensure a large sale for it. The needle is very short; the bobbin is large, and is placed instantly in the machine, without threading : the under tension is changed by a lever, which may be operated while the machine is in motion, and the take-up is entirely independent of the needle, allowing the thread to be drawn at exactly the right time. Its capacity is from the finest cambric, with No. 300 cotton, to a harness trace, with waxed thread, a range hitherto unknown in one machine. It is remarkably light running for its size, which is due to its rotary hook. A new combination sewing machine, secretary and book case, attracted much attention. A show case of elegant samples made by the machines, and a variety of beautifully painted machines and cases completed the display. 9. — H. C. Goodrich, 205 State street, Chicago. Tuck Marker. This highly important and valuable sewing machine attachment was exhibited, and sustained the reputation already accorded it, that of being the best sewing machine attachment ever invented. It was patented in 1867, and although several years passed away with but little profit to the inventor, who being satisfied that the merits of his invention would at last be demonstrated, the tuck marker was kept in the market, and early in 1868, it having become somewhat known, a brisk trade began, and the year closed with sales amounting to about $55,000. In 1869 sales run up to about $76,000. Having now been in the market a little over two years, its utility was established, and its value and importance to the sewing machine trade could hardly be estimated. At the close of 1870 the sales amounted to $125,000; in 1871 they reached $135,000, and in 1872 the sales amounted to the enormous sum of $180,000; thus in the aggregate, $571,000 worth of these markers were disposed of in five years at wholesale prices alone, and remembering that this now indispensable article was retailed at three dollars each, the amount paid out by the consumers foots up to the handsome sum of $1,380,000. In no period of equal duration since the invention of the sewing machine, was there ever any one article belonging or pertaining thereto that has been so popular or had such an enormous sale. 10. — Grover & Baker Sewing Machine Company, F. A. Butler, THE EXHIBITORS. 277 City Agent, 150 State street, Chicago. The representative of this well known Company exhibited ten of their popular machines of various styles, all elegantly finished. The praises of this machine have long been sung by many thousands, and being one of the old- est machines before the public, its qualities are well and favorably known, and needs no description here. II. — Home Sewing Machine Company, Johnson, Clark & Co., Agents, 157 State s*treet, Chicago. Sewing Machines. A number of these popular machines were exhibited, some of which were ele- gantly finished ; but the beauty of a sewing machine is the quality of its work. The " Home " is undoubtedly an excellent machine, judging from the specimens of its work exhibited, and taking into consideration the price compared with others, and it seems superior in many respects, the " Home" being sold for only fifty dollars, while other machines capable of doing no more or better work, ( and in many cases not so good,) are sold for seventy-five and one hundred dollars. This machine is lock stitch, light running and claimed to be the cheapest machine in the United States. The work it does and the price it is sold for commend it highly. 12. — Howe Sewing Machine Company, New York; Chicago office, corner of State and Jackson streets ; J. O. Bryant, Manager. Sewing Machines and Samples of Work. The Howe machine, which is known in almost every household throughout this country and Europe, and which has been awarded hundreds of premiums for superior excellence, needs no comment in this volume. That the Howe machine is all that it is claimed to be there can be no doubt, so fully has .the fact been demonstrated. Elias Howe, Jr., the inventor, who is well known to the world, laid thecorner stone for the immense structure he has since built in 1845, when he completed his first machine, after years of patient toil for the benefit of the sewing fra- ternity, and his name will always be venerated and revered by that class he has so greatly benefited. 13. — J. H. Lerow & Co., 256 State street, Chicago. Blees Sew- ing Machines and Samples of Work. Among the specimens of work were a scarlet corset, beautifully embroidered and stitched ; a misses' white dress, finely ruffled and puffed; an infant's robe, with puffing, insertion and tucking, and a set of pillow shams, beautifully braided and puffed. As early as 1832, Walter Hunt, a citizen'of New York, one of nature's noblemen, an American, was the genuistic parent that made and perfected the machine whose stitch to-day stands so pre- 278 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. emiment for strength, beauty and durability, and which is so fully developed in the Blees noiseless, lock-stitch sewing machine. The main point of excellence of this machine is its link-motion, a most ingenious invention of distributing and equalizing the wearing points and joints, to make it last a life-tirne. There are many other points of excellence claimed, all of which are just what is wanted in a first- class machine. The many varieties of work performed by it, and the excellent manner in which the work was done, ail prove that it would take rank among the best, and receives the patronage it so richly deserves. , 14. — Remington Empire Sewing Machine Co., Illion, N. Y. Chicago Office, 285 State street. E. Lathrop, Manager. Empire Sewing Machines and Samples of work. Third in order from the head of sewing machines will be found the Remington. This is a new machine, but it is rapidly becoming a general favorite, and is gaining favor in every household where it has been introduced. The manufacturers, who are the makers of the famous Remington fire- arms, claim that their machine is so complete as to overcome all the principal objections that are found in shuttle sewing machines. That which has long been sought after, by probably every sewing machine company in the land, has been obtained in these machines, that is, an even, round bird's-eye stitch on all kinds of goods, coarse or fine, without the use of cog-wheel gears, rotary cams, or levers, working silent and smooth while in motion, is positive proof that it will con- tinue to run well for years without expense. A discriminating pub- lic must, and will soon determine the merit of these machines for themselves. The Remington sewing machines were invented by J. T. Jones, of the Company, who is well known in the trade through- out the world as one of the pioneer inventors of the practical sewing machine, and are fully secured by recent patents. All these machines are manufactured at the Remington Works, Illion, N. Y., where they have ample facilities for manufacturing in large quantities, employing the most skillful mechanics, and the latest improved machinery. Much of this machinery has been specially invented for these machines. 15. — Sherrar & McGarigal, 145 Clark street, Chicago. The Unique Washing Machine. This machine is of recent invention, and appears to be one of considerable merit, and is of that class of wash- ing machines in which the garments to be washed are passed between fluted rollers. The present invention consists in employing a cen- THE EXHIBITORS. 279 tral roller, to which is applied the power, and a series of overlying rollers surrounding the central, said overlying rollers being pivoted in a hinged weighted frame-work, and adapted to slide up and down in a slide-way, to adapt them to various thicknesses of goods or gar- ments. The advantage of having rollers swing in a weighted frame- work, over the use of springs, consists in the fact that vvhen springs are compressed the pressure they exert increases so that when a thick or folded piece of cloth or garment passes through between spring-compressed rollers it receives a greater pressure than a thin or unfolded piece ; while the weighted frame always exerts the same pressure, which pressure may be gauged exactly to the required amount, to allow the cloth to remain saturated with suds, no matter how thick or thin. 16. — Sewing Machine Power Co., B. W. Robinson, General Manager, 174 Clark street, Chicago. With this power a uniform motion is obtained, at all times and at all rates of speed, from one to one thousand stitches per minute. The ease with which this power propels a sewing machine is surprising to those not familiar with it. The reason of this is found in its peculiar mechanism, which can only be understood by a personal examination. The old treadle, which requires the unnatural spring of both feet at the same time, has the effect to irritate the side of the operator, while the motion with this power, requiring only the alternate tapping of the toes, is so easy and natural that one gains strength by its use. The power is applied and controlled by the feet alone, leaving the hands free to handle the work at all times, so that all the heretofore difficult kinds of work can be done with ease by its use, and the value of any sewing machine is doubled, 17. — Star Tucker Company, W. J. Faulkner, Proprietor, 180 East Adams street, C'hicago. Star Tuck Marker. An interesting display was made by this Company, of their Star tucker, which, although a recent invention, has already extended its popularity over the entire United States, owing to its superiority. It is a neat little invention, and adapted to all sewing machines, and is pronounced by experts the most practical tucker made. 18. — Singer Sewing Machine Co., hi State street, Chicago. Singer Sewing Machines and Specimens of Work. x\mong the many machines before the public for patronage and favor, the one man- ufactured by this Company still stands pre-eminently forth at the head of all the list, which position it has maintained for the past 2 8o EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. twenty years, and its many qualities are daily made manifest by the one million of these machines now in use. From this, it would seem that the demand must soon abate in the sewing machine trade, but on the contrary, each year the demand increases, and the Company of these exhibitors expect, the coming year, to double the number sold by them the past year, which was near 300,000. The specimens of work exhibited, done by the " Singer," were per- haps the finest display of samples made by any machine. 19. — Wm. H. Sharp h. Co., Agents for the Florence Sewing Machine, 204 State street, Chicago. Eight of these machines were on exhibition, together with a fine display of embroidery, puffing, and plaiting, which were executed with care, and showed the great capacity of this well-known machine. The reduction in the price of these well-known machines, coupled with the announcement that great improvements have been and are still being made, will cer- tainly strengthen its already strong position, and cause it to continue to increase in popular favor. 20. — Wilson Sewing Machine Company, Cleveland, Ohio; main office for the northwest, 197 State street, Chicago. This Company made a fine representation of a number of their popular machines, the workmanship of which was highly commendable. The display consisted of one gold plated machine, pearl inlaid, cabinet case, French walnut paneled ; also, one fine cabinet case machine, gold lined; another machine shown was one intended for manufacturing purposes, highly ornamented, with extension leaf table ; three other machines, for family use, completed the display of this Company. Many articles of work done by the Wilson were also exhibited, and although the names of the various sewing machines now before the pub- lic for favor are legion, yet it would seem that a better machine than the Wilson would be hard to obtain anywhere. The specimens of work ex- hibited showed that this machine quilted, braided, tucked, puffed, hem- med and embroidered beautifully. The most noticeable sample of work shown was a child's white merino cape, heavily embroidered with chenile, in colors, and valued at $250. This magnificent piece of work was done by Miss DeLussey, an operator of the Wilson Com- pany in the St. Louis office., and took the first premium at the Fair recently held in that city. The Company's original advertising poster, conspicuously displayed, was a prominent feature of their exhibition, and represented an old grandmother expressing surprise at a " Wilson for fifty dollars." These machines took the grand prize THE EXHIBITORS. 281 medal of honor at the Vienna Exposition, and also three co-operative medals for specimens of work, of both cloth and leather. The dis- play made by this Company is deserving of special mention, and reflects credit alike upon them and Mr. W. C. Shaw, of the home office, by whom the exhibition was arranged, and under whose man- agement the goods were shown. 21. — Lamb Knitting Machine Company, Chicopee Falls, Mass. ; J. E. Woodhead, Agent, 346 Madison street, Chicago. Lamb Knitting Machine, Knitting Machine Work, and Plain and Fancy Knit Products of Lamb Machine. This renowned inventi9n is constructed upon the novel and simple principle of employing two straight rows of needles parallel to each other and sufficiently near to connect the two rows of knitting at either end, but far enough apart to allow the fabric to pass down between them as knitted. The needles are placed in grooves on the opposite side of a needle-bed, the two sides of which slope from each other like the roof of, a house, and between which, at the ridge or center, the needles form the stitches. Over the needle-bed a carriage travels, which is propelled by a crank. This carriage carries a yarn guide that delivers the yarn from the bobbin or ball into the hooks of the needles ; and the needles are taken up to receive the yarn by means of a cam attached under each side of the carriage — one cam for each row of needles — which, acting upon the shank or lower end of the needles, operates them up and down in the grooves. These needles only are used that are moved up within range of the cam. The needle is self- knitting, its principle being such that when fed by yarn, and moved an inch forward and back, it forms the stitch by its own action. As the carriage to which the cam is attached is driven back and forth over the needle-bed by the crank, the needles are carried up to be fed by the yarn-guide, and then drawn down, thus forming the stitches. The machine is capable of producing four distinct webs. As any number of needles in one or both rows can be moved up within range of the cams at the start, and the number be increased or diminished at any time, so any size of web, tubular or flat, can be set up, and widened or narrowed to any extent. The machine sets up its own work. It knits hosiery of all sizes, narrov/s off the toe completely, and by simply knitting the length of the heel on one row of needles whilst the other row ceases to operate, it forms and unites the heel of the stocking as it goes along. The toe is formed first, the foot and " gore " next ; then the heel is knit, the calf is widened, 282 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. and the slocking is substantially complete as it comes from the machine, the only hand finishing to be done being simply to knit once around the top, bind off the heel, and unite it to the bottom of the foot — while in evenness and elasticity, symmetry of form and beauty of finish, it is far superior to the best hand-knitting. The stitch- es being the same as made by hand, with no tension on the arm, the fabric is equally durable. The stitches can be adjusted to any desired length by turning a thumb-screw so as to knit all kinds and sizes of yarn, woolen, cotton, or linen, home-spun or machine-spun, rendering the fabric tight or lt)ose as desired. By thus knitting the fabric either circular or flat, single, double, or ribbed, in any desired shape, it will produce every variety of staple and fancy knit goods. This machine has taken ten gold medals, fifteen silver medals (including one from the Vienna Exposition), and bronze medals and diplomas in great numbers. 22. — 1"he Weed Sewing Machine Company, of Hartford, Conn.; G. C. Thomas, General -Agent, 152 State street, Chicago. Among the specimens of work exhibited were a ladies' merino cloak, trinuxied with scarlet satin, quilted; a doll's pink silk dress, with ruffled and puffed lace ; a white satin chair seat and back, quilted, and trimmed with rare colored silk, all the work of the machine, eleven of which were shown, being all finely finished. The machine made by this Company, and known as the " General Favorite," has what is called a " stop motion," by whose action the work is arrested instantane- ously, with the shuttle in the loop of the upper thread, so that a mis- stitch is impossible. The direction of the work can then be changed at w^ill, without losing time or stopping the momentum of the machine. Its economy and usefulness in "flowering," or short work, is manifest. The patent for this novel attachment is the exclusive property of the Weed Company, and has been but recently introduced. 23 — Wilcox & Gibbs Sewing Machine Company, 200 and 202 Wabash avenue, Chicago ; W B. Needham, manager. A variety of styles of these popular machines were exhibited, and attracted much attention. The original patent for the Wilcox & Gibbs Sew- ing Machine was taken out in June, 1857, by the inventor, James D. Gibbs, of Millpoint, Va. The head-quarters of the Company are at 658 Broadway, New York, and it has leading agencies in all the principal cities on this continent, and in all the capitals of the old world. The machine has attained to great popnlarity, owing in part THE EXHIBITORS. 283 to the mechanical skill displayed in its construction, and the conse- quent ease and rapidity of its working, but in part, also, to the exceeding beauty, strength and elasticity of the twisted loop stitch, which it alone of all tiie many varieties of sewing machines makes. It is now demonstrated that this stitch is, upon t?ie whole, the best adapted for family sewing, and many kinds of manufacture. The Mercantile Agency Annual., for 1872, in an article on sewing machines, says: "The peculiar excellence of the twisted loop stitch is the twist or bind of the two sides of the loop at the point of their crossing. This stitch, is often confounded by ignorant or designing parties with the 'chain stitch.' The public, however, by this time are beginning to understand the difference between the old, unre- liable, and easily raveled chain stitch, and the secure and elastic stitch of the twisted loop arrangement peculiar to the Wilcox & Gibbs mac]:ine. During the year 1871, more than six thousand double thread machines of all the well known makes were exchanged in the vicinity of New York for the Wilcox & Gibbs machine, and on the 17th of April, 1872, a great auction sale of a portion of those machines was held in New York, and attracted considerable public attention, adding not a little to the eclat of the Wilcox »& Gibbs machine." 24. — Frank O. Weary, 95 LaSalle street, Chicago. Patent Sew- ing Machine Casters. These articles are adapted for all styles of machines, and are really a novel and meritorious invention. To move the machine, a lever is pressed by the foot, which raises the machine off the floor, and rests securely upon four swivel casters. To replace it, the lever is again pressed by the foot, and the machine drops again upon the floor and stands firm for sewing. All that can be required of casters for sewing machines, is now attained by this invention. 284 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. DEPARTMENl 'F." ^Protiuctis of X\z dFarm, i THE EXHIBITORS. 291 DEPARTMENT "G." J^ootJ, IBrmks, Cotaccos, etc. SECTION I. All Articles of Food of Easy Preservation — Canned, Dried or Preserved Meat, Fish^ Frtiit and Vegetables, Sauces, Condiments, Pickles, Relishes^ Condensed Milk, etc. I. — The Alden Fruit Preserving Co., Chas. C. Keeler, Secretary, 45 Michigan avenue, Chicago. Fruits and Vegetables preserved by- pneumatic evaporation, by which process fruits and vegetables are rendered imperishable. The specimens shown were fully equal to the claims made for them. 2. — American Sardine Co., 31 Broad street, New York. Speci- mens of the celebrated Boneless Sardines. 3. — William Archdeacon, ii South Franklin street, Chicago. Pickles, Preserves, Jellies, Sauces, Milk, Meats and Fish in Cans, etc. The great pickling and canning institution of this exhibitor is cer- tainly one of the marvels of this truly marvelous city, and a few facts regarding the two immense factories of this business establishment .vill prove interesting and instructive. The factory and depot in Chicago occupy four large floors in the new and substantial brick building Nos. 229, 231, 233, 235, 237 and 239 South Water street, and No. 11 Franklin street. The magnitude will be better under- stood when it is said that each floor is 120x155 feet in lateral measure- ment, and the whole combined gives Mr. Archdeacon 62,000 square feet of flooring, equal to five acres of room, in which to carry on the various processes of canning, preserving, packing and storing the products of his vast industry. This immense space, one would think, would be difficult to occupy with any one branch of manufacture, but in a business of the character and extent of Mr. Archdeacon's there is none to spare, and every inch is made available. Two powerful steam elevators are employed constantly in transferring goods from floor to floor, to be packed, stored or shipped as the case may require. There is also a hand elevator in the building, to facil- itate matters in case an accident shall disable the steam apparatus at 292 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. any time. The whole building is heated by steam, and is in all re- spects fitted up in the most convenient manner for the accommodation of the business to which it is devoted. Several scores of men, women and girls are employed in the establishment, canning and packing, to meet the demand, which is constatitly pushing, notwithstanding the immense product of these goods during the regular season. In addition to the factory already described, another is also run- ning to meet the requirements of the great trade of this establish- ment, and is situated at Crystal Lake. Out on the Wisconsin finger of the great iron gauntlet, with which the Northwestern railroad company clasps the most fertile region of the country, between twenty and thirty miles from Chicago, is situated the village of Crystal Lake. In winter it yields a vast crop of ice, and in summer, while its winter crop is refrigerating our cobblers and creams, its surrounding fields are teeming with all species of vegetables and fruits. It is in the midst of these prolific surroundings that the country branch of Mr.- Archdeacon's great canning and pickling establishment is located. Here are a series of buildings, covering acres of ground, having a side-track of the Northwestern running alongside, which, for eight months in the year, form a perfect hive of industry; consuming the varied products of thousands of acres of adjacent lands ; employing hundreds of men, women, and children, and preparing, fresh from the fields, millions of cans of fruit for the markets of the world. The catalogue embraces sweet corn — a cel- ebrated variety, known in this region as the " Trophy," being the principal one used, — peas, beans, tomatoes, strawberries, gooseber- ries, cherries, cucumbers, horse-radish, peaches, pears, and in fact everything susceptible of preservation is here subjected to the pro- cesses of pickling, canning and packing. In addition to all the essen- tial machinery and paraphernalia of the Crystal Lake branch, Mr. Archdeacon has recently added a coopering department, in which are employed twenty-four men. These turn out 35,000 barrels, half-barrels, and kits per annum. Also, a vinegar factory, with a capacity of producing 2,000 gallons of the best white wine vinegar per day. The display of canned goods made by this exhibitor embraced a great variety, and formed one of the most imposing displays in the building. 4. — Blake, Walker & Co., 24 and 26 North Clinton street, Chi- ca2;o. Crackers and Cakes. THE EXHIBITORS. 293 5. — Bell, Conrad & Webster, 43 River street, Chicago. Sam- ples of Ground Coffee and Spices. 6. — Alfred Booth, 124 Michigan avenue, Chicago. Canned Goods of the celebrated Oval brand. 7. — Central Yeast Co., Clinton, Iowa. A display of Dry Hop Yeast Cakes, which are claimed to be purely vegetable, and war- ranted equal to any yeast now made. 8. — CoRBETT, ScoviLLE & Co., 14 North Clinton street, Chicago. Garden State Washing Powder. A practical display was made by this firm, of their washing powder, samples of which were given away, to the amount of several tons, during the continuance of the Exposition, As so much has been claimed for this powder, no bet- ter way could have been adopted to demonstrate the correctness of such claims, and prove its excellent qualities. This powder is a pure white pulverized soap, containing no adulteration whatever, and combining the most harmless detergent and cleansing chemical agent known. It is claimed this powder will not injure the clothes, and by its use much labor is saved as well as the clothes themselves from being rubbed to pieces to get clean. This appears to be a val- uable invention, and its merits certainly can soon be ascertained, by the profuse distribution of samples indulged in by the firm during the Exposition. 9. — Chicago and Peoria Yeast Co., 6 and 7 Wabasli avenue, Chicago. Joyes & Stratton's Dry Hop Yeast Cakes, in tin-foil, air- tight wrappers. 10. — Fleischmann & Co., 387 West Randolph street, Chicago, exhibited the results of Compressed Yeast, which' is the pure extract from selected grain. Bread, etc., was made and baked in the Expo- sition, for the purpose of practically demonstrating the qualities of this justly celebrated yeast ; and, from personal observation, it must be said Fleischmann 's Compressed Yeast is an unrivaled article, and, although introduced but a short time, the demand is unprecedented. II. — C. S. HuTCHiNS & Co., 65 and 67 South Water street, Chicago. Starch. A large and imposing display was made by these exhibitors of Kingsford's Oswego Starch, which is said to be unequaled in the world. And, as a further evidence of the fact, this starch has been before the public for the ^2J=>\. forty years., and has been exhibited at every exposition and fair in this country and Europe during that time, and has always obtained the highest prize medal over all other competitors. 294 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, 12. — LuDLAM & Co., Nos. 121 and 123 South Water street, Chi- cago. This firm made an attractive display of their celebrated Rival Cream Baking Powder, put up in various sized packages, from a small 4 oz. box to 25 lb. cans, the whole making a pyramid of some twelve feet in height. This powder receives the highest commendation from all those who have ever used it ; and the facilities of the firm, although now extensive, are severely taxed to supply the constantly increasing demand. 13. — N. Sherwood & Co., 39 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Teas. This well known importing house made a fine display of teas, of all kinds and grades. Being so favorably known to the trade, it is need- less to say that the display made by these exhibitors was but a fair representation of their standard goods, which are unrivaled in the west. This firm are large importers, and hence have the advantage over dealers who do not import their own goods, 14. — Star Chemical Works, 4, 6 and 8 Lake street, Chicago, S. P. Richards, Secretary. This well known chemical house made a fine display of their manufactures, consisting of baking powder, extracts, inks, etc., the whole forming an imposing exhibition, and one, from the superior quality of the goods shown, of which the exhibitors may feel justly proud. SECTION 2. Confectionery^ Sweetmeats and Sugars. I. — M. E. Page & Co., 211 and 213 Lake street, Chicago. Can- dies and Confectionery, This old established and favorably known firm of manufacturing confectioners made an elegant display of their goods. The beauty of candy is its purity, and the goods of this firm are justly celebrated for containing nothing but the purest and best of materials, and the goods exhibited were fair samples of their ordinary productions. 2. — C, F. GuNTHER, 78 Madison street, Chicago, Display of Con- fectionery and Soda Fountain, of which more particular mention is made elsewhere. SECTION 3. Mineral Waters, Eermented and Spirituous Liquors, etc. I. — DeWilde & Co., T^T^ and 35 Madison street, Chicago, exhibit many different brands of Rhine and Moselle wines, arranged in a THE EXHIBITORS. 295 pleasing and attractive manner. This Company import their own wines and liquors direct from France and Germany. 2. — A. & W. W. Strickland, 174 and 178 Adams street, Chicago. Samples of their celebrated brands of Liquors, etc., displayed in attractive form, comprising specimens of all their various goods which are so justly popular for purity and excellence. 3. — White Elk Vineyards, Keokuk, Iowa. Wines incases. 4. — Beaseley's Waukegan Brewing Company, Waukegan, 111. Samples of Pale Stock Ale. 5. — Dr. Chas. W. Zaremba, 9, 11 and 13 Wabash avenue, Chi- cago. Chilian Wine of Boldo. This is a preparation made from the fragrant prune tree of Chili, South America, called boldo, orbol- doa, and its valuable medical properties were first discovered by the exhibitor, and by whom it is now extensively imported and placed in the market for sale, and the immense quantity which is disposed of shows the favor it must have met with. Unlike many medicines of a similar character (which are claimed to cure every known disease), the boldo is claimed to cure only certain complaints, such as dys- pepsia, etc., the modest pretensions of which at once places it upon a basis of confidence with the masses, and readily accounts for its popularity. . \ SECTION 4. Tobacco and its Manufactured Products. I. — Brockway & Schaffner, Grand Pacific Hotel, Chicago. Cigars and Tobacco. This firm, who are direct importers, made a fine display of celebrated imported brands. 2. — R. W. Tansill & Co., 29 and 31 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Cigars, k. large case contained several brands of cigars made by this house. Among those with full Havana filling were the Fannie Otis, Les Esponala, Figaro, Artista, Les Floresta, Le Bouquet, and Young America, all of which they make their specialty. There were also La Tubarosa, Club House, the Queen, and Les Fleurs ; while the samples of selected Connecticut consisted of Partagas and Magnolia, the whole making a large and creditable display. 3. — J. M. Lyon & Co., 120 Randolph street, Chicago, made a fine and creditable display of popular brands of Cigars and Tobaccos. 4. — A. Wehle & Co., 53 South Water street, Chicago. Cigars 296 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. and Cheroots. A very attractive display of cigars and cheroots was made by this well-known firm, artistically arranged in a plate glass case, and consisted of samples of the various popular brands of fine cigars, such as are always handled by this house. They also dis- played samples of cheroots and tobaccos. DEPARTMENT "H.'^ Natural Jgistorg* SECTION I. Collections and Specimens, Models and Drawings, 'Illustrative of the Natttral Sciences. I. — J. M. Reynolds' Concho Co., 199 LaSalle street, Chicago. Shells and Corals of every imaginable size and description, imported from China, Japan and all parts of the globe, were here displayed by this gentleman, a full description of which would occupy a book twice the size of this volume. -^ 2. — J. Strickland, 212 West Madison street, Chicago. Birds, etc. This exhibition of natural history was very attractive, and dis- played some choice specimens: South American birds, squirrels? etc. ; while were also shown white mice, bird cages, gold fish, aquaria, monkeys and all the minor articles to be found in a thoroughly appointed bird establishment, as is the one of this exhibitor. 3. — F. K^MPFER, 127 Clark street, Chicago. The variety of Birds and Animals exhibited by Mr. Ksempfer, although not so large numerically as he might have shown, yet represented every clime. There was the mino bird, with his outlandish yet plaintive notes, all the way from Java; the cock of the rock, from Central America; the king lorey, from Australia ; a white squirrel arid a red one, from Germany ; seven-colored finches, the first live ones ever brought to the United States ; love birds, or inseparables, called so from the fact that they do not live when separated, and a host of other birds too numerous to describe, yet worthy of a more extended notice. A beautiful aquarium adorned the space, while fancy bird cages and plants helped to complete the attraction so generously bestowed. 4. — O. N. Hartshorn, President Mt. Union College, exhibited THE EXHIBITORS. 297 specimens of Natural History: The gorilla, chimpanzee, ruffled lemur, flying squirrel, giant ant eater, Australian squirrel, scaly manis, echidna, ormthorynchus, armadillo, hedge hog, gaival, Java musk keer, iquana double fish, black panther, wolverine, Egyptian mummy were among the collection ; but the most valuable specimen was the gorilla, which measures four feet around the chest, and has a breadth of arms of eight feet. He comes from the Gaboon river, West Africa, and those who have seen the half-human creature in his home pronounce him as fine a specimen as they have ever seen. MISCELLANE O US. John J. McGrath, 174 and 176 State street, Chicago. At either entrance leading to the art room was a large screen, repre- senting the wall of a room from ceiling to floor, and were acknowleded to be, by all the eastern decorators and students of design who have seen them, the finest specimens of workmanship, classic drawing and arrangement of color produced in this or the old world. That of the south door was fitted for dining rooms, entrance halls, libra- ries and rooms where rich effect is required, and is a perfect carrying out of the conceded order of mural decorating. The materials were the flock or velvet paper, of different colors, broken by gold moldings around the varied classic figures which form the pattern. The frieze of blue ground has a wire introducing the leaf made with the gold moldings, and colored red, green and brown alter- nately. The ground of the body of the room is the dark, rich maroon, accepted by all artists as the proper background for colors of a decided character, either primary or secondary. Burges, Pugin, Dresser, Eastlake or Godwin would find here their theories fully carried out in the treatment of the patterns upon this screen, and the balance of color might gladden even the fastidious Chevruel. The dado or base was about two feet six inches high, of black velvet. A four inch border of maroon, at top and bottom, divided by gold rods, and in the center, produced by molding of fantastic shape, could be distinctly read the monogram, "J. J. McG." The screen was a little overdone, particularly in the amount of gold molding used upon it; but that did not detract from the merit, as 298 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. this work may be softened by black or some color introduced instead of gold to tone down the glare where it is required. Oppo- site the north door was quite another picture. It was a simple modern drawing room, after the celebrated Chas. L. Eastlake. The tapestry wall paper proper, the upper third, was well selected, in both drawing and tint, and the picture panel or center section was shown to perfection. The pattern of this was simple and chaste, reflecting great credit on the designer, Mr. Joseph Twyman, manager of the retail department of this house. Below was the rich, coffee-colored dado, with its Grecian border and gold figures, making the tout ensemble of the screen perfect when seen at sufficient distance to embrace the whole in one view, and reflects the greatest credit upon the exhibitor, not alone for the artistic work, but for taking such pains to educate those who give little attention to these things, to this pitch of perfection. The small book of specials, pat- terns for churches, public rooms, halls, etc., representing nearly a quarter of a million of dollars, are the goods which Mr. McGrath is importing for the spring of 1874. Each pattern has a border made to match it, and in this one feature lies a great success in the art, and completed the display which was in every way creditable. Anderson's European Hotel, 143 & 145 Madison street, Chicago. Although the display made by the proprietors of this hotel was not entered upon the catalogue as an object of optical attraction, yet the exhibition was one not excelled in the entire Exposition ; in fact, a hotel in running order was a decided novelty, as well as of great advantage to visitors from abroad, who, by the accommodations thus afforded were enabled to dine as sumptuously as at any of the grand caravansaries of the city. The kitchen of this exhibition hotel was a model and fitted up with all the most approved articles of a first- class culinary department, and cost $5,000, and being open for inspec- tion at all times, was an object of much attraction to many who are .ever desirous to see " high life below stairs." During the Exposition this hotel catered to the appetites of over fifty thousand people, and the endorsement given the proprietors for the excellent and substan- tial fare furnished and the moderate and popular prices charged was one of commendation. It may not be out of place to here remark that the hotel management at the Exposition did not devolve upon amateur " hosts," as the Anderson Brothers are the proprietors of the popular little European hotel bearing their name, located at 143 and 145 Madison street, Chicago, which like the hotel department at the THE EXHIBITORS. 299 Exposition, under their able management, is also a model hotel, with 125 guest rooms, and ever}/ accommodation that pertains to a well appointed hotel. Upon the closing night of the Exposition, the Board of Directors and officers enjoyed the hospitality extended them by the worthy proprietors, and partook of an elegant banquet spread for their benefit, for which act a vote of thanks and the best wishes of all present amply repaid the proprietors, who are entitled to great credit for the able manner their department was conducted in, and the splendid display made of one of the most complete kitchen out- fits the country affords. Bradlev Manufacturing Company, Syracuse, N. Y. George C. Morgan, 16 Major block, Chicago, Agent for the Northwest. Bradley's Cushioned Hammer. This machine is adjustable in line of action, length of stroke, rapidity of motion, weight and force of blows, all of which may be varied and most perfectly controlled at the will of the operator. This hammer is not only admired by man- ufacturers and hammersmen for common kinds of vvork, requiring a variety of stroke, controllable to the circumstances, but is being used and is found peculiarly adapted to the exceeding difficult swedging of cotton spindles, which requires a continuous, exact, positive, forci- ble, and yet an elastic stroke. There can be no more difficult or exacting work than this, and no other hammer has been able to turn out this kind of work in quantity and quality as satisfactory as this. While the capacity is largely increased, it is not at the expense of its durability, nor its convenience for size, etc. It is compact, porta- ble, and has but little of the friction and none of the stubborn jar of other hammers ; hence it will endure more hardships at less expense for repairs, and outlast any other hammer. This hammer is made of iron, except the helve. The anvil and anvil block are cast iron, made separate and adjustable. The anvil block has a separate foun- dation, independent of that of the main bed, but each is so united as to transmit nearly the entire jar from the stroke of the hammer to that of the anvil alone. The main bed and its uprights resting upon a foundation separate from that of the anvil, relieves it materially from the concussion of the hammer. The helve is nicely balanced, and swings upon two adjustable hardened steel centers, and is put in motion by the use of an adjustable broad steel eccentric, operating in connection with the yoke and rubber cushions, the length of stroke being governed by the adjustable eccentric. The force and power of the blow is greatly influenced by the reactive and united action of 300 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. the cushions. So harmonious and perfect is this combined action upon the motion of the helve, that an observer, holding his hand upon the working parts when under the most rapid and violent motion, can scarcely feel to identify the strokes of the hammer; the action of the helve in the use of the yoke and cushions is as flexible and near like that of the smith's arm as the results of any artificial method can produce. Such a thing as breaking of the helve never occurs, and by using a broad steel eccentric, it does away with fric- tion and heat. The adjustable cushion, at the apex of the standard, is to assist the lower rear cushion in heavy work, and also check the upward motion. On giving tension to the cushion in the yoke, care should be observed to have equal adjustment by the set-screws on the top of the yoke ; but should one screw be run down lower than the other, thereby twisting the yoke, there can be no bind or friction, as the universal joint connection regulates the result upon the broad eccentric below, leaving it to work free of the incumbrance. The power is applied and regulated in the use of a foot-treadle running around the bed of the hammer in such a manner that the operator can stand in front or on either side. A gentle pressure of the foot upon the treadle brings the tightener in connection with the belt upon the pulley, and thus varies the stroke in proportion to the pressure applied. On removing the foot the treadle flies up, bringing the break upon the balance wheel, stopping it instantly, leaving the ham- mer up, as it cannot stop with the dies closed, and which is a feature that every hammersman admires. CoAN & Ten Broeke Carriage Manufacturing Co., West Randolph and Ann streets, Chicago. The following Carriages, manu- factured by this Company, are made in accordance with the latest styles and in the most artistic manner. The proportions are worthy of especial notice. These carriages all have the best cast steel axles with composition boxes. — i. Square glass-front landaulette, or landau and landaulette in one. Front movable, to admit of landau front being put in its place. This carriage is of the English style of body, is handsomely trimmed with green morocco ; mountings are of silver. Price $T,8oo. Made by H. Killa.m & Co., New Haven, Conn. — 2. T cart, for four passengers, with back seat reversible, the back panel then dropping and becoming foot-board. Carriage for i, 2 or 4 horses. Price $900. — 3. C. & T. B. phaeton. The most sensible buggy built, combining, as it does, comfort and elegance. This car- riage is trimmed with the best green cloth and broad lace ; gear being THE EXHIBITORS. 301 Striped green to accord with trimming. A buggy suitable for one horse. Price $50°- — 4- Whitechapel buggy. This is one of the latest styles, and one destined to be popular, the low front rendering it easy of access, while, at the same time it is sufficient to hold the robes. The proportions are most graceful. Price $450. — 5. Square box road wagon, with top. The body is hung on side spars and is of the finest proportions. This buggy, though very light, is intended to carry two persons, and is constructed for light and fast driving. The one on exhibiton was made to order, and was painted and trim- med to suit a particular taste. It is trimmed with drab corded goods, and gear is painted Munich lake, striped with gold. Price |450- — 6. Open road wagon. Intended to carry one person and for speed- ing horses. Similar in style to 5. Painted plain black throughout. Price $350.-7. Six-seat park phaeton, with half top. Driver's seat is elevated, lid to close over front seat, and book steps. The lines of this carriage are perfectly symmetrical, and are in fine proportion. This carriage is trimmed with maroon morocco, and throughout is one of the most stylish. Price $1,350. — 8. Surrey cart. This is of an entirely new design, and, as far as style is concerned, is " the thing." Hung on side spars. Price $500. Made by Bradley, Prag & Co., New York City. Champion Fire Extinguisher Company, Geo. S. Essex, 56 and 58 Fifth avenue, Chicago, General Agent for Illinois. The mechan- ical merits of this form of extinguisher are : That it is a simple, plain cylinder of metal, closed at both ends, with a cock on the exte- rior to turn the water on the hose, and which never comes in contact with any acid liquid. There is a cap on one end that can be easily unscrewed from the head by means of two small handles attached to it; at the lower side of this cap is a small brass cage, in which there is a stout glass vessel, into which a certain quantity of sulphuric acid can be poured. This is covered with a loose lead stopper. (A peculiar advantage of using the glass and lead is that they cannot adhe-re and prevent the ready fllovv of the acid when Required.) These two particulars embrace the entire mechanism of the machine. Northwestern Inventor's Exchange, H. Niles, Manager, 127 Clark street, Chicago. Exhibited a model of Revolving Show-Case, containing various patented articles. Also, a model of Mayo's Excelsior machine for cutting excelsion, which is so extensively used in the manufacture of mattresses and by upholsterers. Armory Bigelow, Commission Merchant, loi South Water street, 30 2 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. Chicago. Mr. Bigelow is the representative of the Elgin Board of Trade, and for them made a large display of butter and cheese, the qualities of which are well known to many residents of Chicago, He is also the agent for the Boston Harbor Packing Company, and exhibited a large variety of canned fruits and vegetables. Having ample space, he placed the goods consigned to him "where they would do the most good," and succeeded in attracting a great deal of attention. Wm. M. Miller & Co., 151 and 153 Michigan avenue, Chicago. Wool. This firm had on exhibition samples of wool from all parts of the world. A collection showing all the classes and kinds of wool grown, and interesting alike to the wool grower, the manufac- turer and the general visitor. Under the class of worsted wools were samples of hogs and weathers from England, Scotland and Ireland ; coarse combing from Canada, Oregon, Wisconsin, and other States ; fine combing and delaine from Ohio and New Zealand. The finest sample of this class was a lot of fine cross-breed Australian combing. The staple of this wool is very fine, long and elastic, and much supe- rior to anything of the kind grown in this country. There were car- pet wools from the Crimea, East India, Africa, South America, Mex- ico and Colorado, and clothing wools from Australia, Cape of Good Hope, South America, Texas, California, and many other States. Among the most notable of this class were the Port Phillip, Banda, Oriental, and a very fine Saxony fleece grown in Ohio, It must be difficult to grow wool with a staple finer than this, and such wool is undoubtedly grown for pleasure rather than mere profit. There was also a sample of vegetable wool, a new staple that is beginning to attract attention. It is made from ramie, a plant that grows in the Gulf States. It is destined to become a staple article of commerce. A sample of camels' hair caused the ladies to think of a high-priced shawl they have always wanted, while samples of shoddy and " Ten- nessee wool " reminded the farmer of what he is sure to find in his cloth when he receives an extreme price for his wool. Many of these wools are not used to any great extent in this country, and had to be imported for exhibition. Rochester Machinery Manufacturing Company, 38 and 40 South Canal street, Chicago — H. G. Wormer, Treasurer and Man- ager. Wood and Iron Working Machinery. A large and interest- ing display was made by this popular Company, prominent among which may be noticed the Woodworth planers. These surfacing THE EXHIBITORS. 303 machines are well adapted for shop work — for carpenters, box makers, and cabinet makers, or any kind of light planing. The frame is made of cast iron, heavy and substantial. The cutter cylinder is solid cast steel, and the rolls are weighted in a very convenient man- ner, and will plane stuff to 3^/^ inches thick and 24 inches wide. The tight and loose pulleys are 12 inches in diameter, 6 inch face, and should make 800 revolutions per minute. These machines have the benefit of Burley's patent expansion feed gears. Also, improved weighted feed rolls. The rolls are weighted so that the lumber passes through before it reaches the cutter head, giving at all times an equal pressure in all inequalities of the lumber, which cannot be obtained by rubber springs. These machines are built under the immediate care and supervision of the Company, in the most thor- ough manner, from the best of stock. The Great American Brick Machine Company, 15 to 21 North Clinton street, Chicago. E. R. Gard, President. Brick Machines. The old method of making bricks is now universally conceded, by practical brickmakers, to be a slow, tedious and expensive process. It is a roundabout way of doing and then undoing. The clay is mixed with a superabundance of water, then ground to the consist- ency of soft clay, then re-handled, moulded in sanded wooden moulds, and the soft brick spread out upon a sanded yard, where the superfluous water is slowly parted with by evaporation. The attempt to dispense with this roundabout process by making a brick from dry clay, using only mechanical pressure to cause the particles to adhere, is now fully acknowledged by brickmakers to be unsound in theory and a total failure in practice. The true principle of brick making has been discovered in a happy medium between these two extremes. The Great American Brick Machine makes a smooth and durable brick, at a greatly reduced cost of pro- duction. It is neither a "soft mud "nor a "dry clay" machine; but it takes the clay directly from its natural bed, containing only enough moisture for thorough tempering, and permits the brick to be put into the hack immediately after leaving the mould. The essential parts of the machine are: The pug-mill, in which the clay is thoroughly tempered, and then forced into the moulds; the mould-wheel, containing twenty-four permanent metal m.oulds, ar- ranged in groups of three ; and the movable bottom, or follower, of these moulds, provided with a roller, and traveling upon a circular track, which raises or depresses the follower at proper points in the 304 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR, revolution of the mould-wheel. The operation of the machine is very simple and easily understood. The clay is taken directly from its native bed (if too dry, a little water is thrown upon it) and shoveled or dumped into the pug-mill, where it is thoroughly ground and tempered, and reduced to a uniform, homogeneous mass, about the consistency of stiff putty. From the pug-mill it is forced into an open group of moulds, which are carried under it by the revolution of the mould- wheel — a polished metal surface giving the proper smoothness and finish to the top edges of the brick. The follower now travels up an incline in the track, raising the group of bricks from the moulds, all the angles and faces being preserved sharp, smooth and perfect in every respect. As the bricks leave the moulds they are taken up, three at a time, by means of a clamp and placed upon a truck having double decks and capable of holding one hundred bricks. When filled, the truck is easily wheeled by a man or a stout boy to the hack, where two boys, who are also provided with the above noted clamp, place them in hacks, eight or ten bricks high. Of course the operation is con- tinuous. Each revolution of the mould-wheel turns out twenty-four bricks, and the machine can easily produce sixty-five per minute, or thirty-nine thousand in a working day of ten hours; while a greater capacity can be obtained, if desired. At one operation the crude clay is transformed into a far better and more durable brick than those made by the old process, and at much less cost. Frank Douglass Machinery Co., 253 and 255 South Canal street, Chicago. Wood and Iron Working Machinery. A large showing was made by this well-known Company, whose wares are as standard as their reputation. As the display of machinery of all kinds was the largest in the Exposition, to describe each article would be to devote a large space of this volume, hence a favorable mention must suffice, as all the articles shown were thoroughly well known to the manufacturing classes. Among the wares displayed, mention may be made of Cameron's special steam-pump, a pump of decided merit; also of J. A. Fay & Co.'s patent self-feed blind slat tenoning machine, manufactured by J. A. Fay & Co., Cincinnati, O., for which house this Company are exclusive agents. This is an en- tirely new machine for making tenons on slats for rolling blinds, and combines the Ellis and Bickford patents. The stuff" to be worked may be of any length desired ; it is fed endwise into the revolving- discs, and by simply depressing the lever the slat is rotated on the THE EXHIBITORS. 305 revolving cutting tools, which make and divide simultaneously two tenons at one operation. The machine will work any length of slat, from 15^ inch to 24 inches long, and makes any size tenon desired. It will work about 20,000 per day. The tight and loose pulleys are 5^ inch diameter, 21^ inch face, and should make 700 revolutions per minute. Weight of machine, 200 lbs. The entire exhibition of this Company was one of interest, and one for which they are entitled to great credit. A large portion of the machinery shown was in motion, the Company furnishing their own power from one of the Baxter portable steam engines, which is the most safe, simple, durable and economical engine in the world. 30 PLpsttmp anb (Jlosing OF THE EXPOSITION OF 1873. N the 1 2th day of November, 1873, ^^^ great Exposition was brought to a glorious close, after an unprecedented successful term of seven weeks, and up to the closing day the same enthusiastic- interest was manifest as upon the day of opening. Had the weather remained propitious, it is highly probable that the Exposition would have con- tinued several weeks longer. When it is remembered that the Expo- sition opened amid a financial panic, which continued as long as it was in operation, it is a matter of conjecture as to how much greater would have been the Exposition financially, if no panic had occurred; but be it as it may, the gratification is experienced that Chicago has had one of the greatest fairs on record, which has been in every way one grand success, and it must here be stated that a large share of this success is attributable to the sterling qualities of the honored Secre- tary and his earnest supporters, the Executive Committee. The gen- tlemen who composed this committee, as has already been stated, were men of unquestionable integrity and ability, in whom every confidence was reposed, that if it were possible for so gigantic an en- terprise as the Exposition to be a success, it was in the hands of those in every way qualified to make it so, and no fears were entertained as to the result ; and in such citizens as this committee was composed RESUME AND CLOSING. 307 of Chicago is favored beyond many of her sister cities, and the envi- able ])osition she to-day occupies is due to the indomitable energy of her business men. With the true Chicagoan no such word as fail is known, and whatever is attempted is pre-ordained to be a success from its inception. No matter how improbable it may seem to those not interested, and although the doors of the great building have but scarcely closed, yet, like Alexander the Great, who conquered the world, the energetic Committee have met in council to discuss the feasibility of enlarging the present noble structure to double its ca- pacity, thereby to better accommodate all in the future, who may desire to become exhibitors at the Exposition of 1874. This subject is now the all-absorbing topic, and bids fair to be realized, and work commenced at an early day, in which event the present building will only constitute a wing of the huge palace contemplated. A more detailed description of this enterprise will be found in the report of the meeting of the Board of Directors, held on Tuesday, November 19th, which is herein given. During the continuance of the Exposition fully 600,000 people visited it, or averaging 15,000 daily, and the receipts from all sources (as Avill hereafter be seen from the official statement) were $137,- 413.24. In the enjoyment of her grandest enterprise, Chicago was not oblivious to the distress and suffering of her sister city, Mem- phis, and the receipts of the Exposition for one day were set apart by the Executive Committee for her relief, and near $5,000 was for- warded to Memphis, being the proceeds of the day set apart. The combined Charitable Institutions of Chicago were also remembered, the proceeds of November 8th and 9th being given for that purpose. Thus it will be seen that Chicago, in all her glory and prosperity, is ever watchful for the good and benefit of suffering humanity, both at home and abroad. There were near six hundred exhibitors repre- sented, and the money value of the goods exhibited was two and three-quarter millions dollars. As a further illustration of the perfect and harmonious workings of the Exposition, which closed its doors on November 12th, the entire accounts were audited and ready for the inspection of the Board of Directors on November i8th, upon which day the Board met, pursu- ant to call, and Hon. N. K. Fairbank, Vice-president, occupied the chair. Secretary Reynolds then presented his report of Profit and Loss, since the opening, which was as follows : 3o8 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. Salaries of officers % 1,416.50 Expenses 10,144.99 Interest 116.77 Insurance 1,350.00 Printing and advertising 8,884.75 Labor 16,661.88 Music 5,408.00 Art hall salaries 250.00 Freights 981.60 Memphis sufferers _ 4,922.22 Floating bills 4,930.07 Ticket sales $128,750.17 Elevator receipts _ 1,995.20 Restaurant 3,160.37 Rents and commission 3>507-5o Profit and loss 82,346.46 $137,413.24 $137,413.24 BALANCE SHEF.T. Assets. Jjabilities. Capital stock $169,125.00 Profit and loss 82 ,346. 46 Accounts payable contractors 28,321.20 Floating bills _ 4,930.47 Building - $278,791.04 Furniture 3.077.25 Cash in Secretary's office I5-9I Cash in Treasurer's office 2,838,52 $284,722.73 $284,722.73 The following resolutions were introduced by Mr. H. H. Taylor, and read by Secretary Reynolds : Whereas, The success of the Inter-State Industrial Exposition of Chicago was made feasible by the act of the city government granting the use of the public grounds ; and. Whereas, It is deemed desirable to disabuse the public mind of any suspicion that the Exposition Association aims to conduct the enterprise for private gain, as well as to free its officers from the possibility of being placed in the attitude of speculators and showmen ; and. Whereas, Only considerations of the public good and the honor of our city have instigated those who have thus far shaped and conducted the enterprise ; and Whereas, It is the opinion of this Board that the marvelous success of the undertg,king, in spite of the unexampled rapidity of its fruition, and in the face of a depressing financial panic, affords a guarantee that it may be made, through the ■ adoption of a liberal policy, not only a means of attracting to Chicago millions of dollars and hundreds of thousands of people every year ; not only an inexpensive resort, instructive amusement, and efficient educator for all classes of people ; not only a promoter of trade, art, science, invention, manufactures, agriculture, mining, and kindred industries ; not only a source of direct or indirect pecuniary advantage to every citizen, but, in addition thereto, it may in the near future be the means of founding and sustaining one or more great public educational or other institutions, which shall shed enduring luster upon Chicago ; therefore, be it Resolved, That a special meeting of the stockholders of the Inter-State Indus- trial Exposition of Chicago be, and the same is hereby, called, to be held at the Exposition building on Tuesday, the 23d day of December, A, D. 1873, at the hour of 2 o'clock p. m., for the purpose of submitting to a vote of such stockhold- RESUME AND CLOSING. 309 ers the question of authorizing and instructing this Board to negotiate and arrange, if possible, with the competent authorities of the city of Chicago for the occupancy by this association of all that part of Lake Park lying between the north line of Monroe street and the north line of Congress street, free of charge, for the period of ten years from and after May i, 1874. Conditioned: 1. That the said Exposition Association may capitalize any portion of its present actual net earnings deemed reasonable and just by its Board of Directors ; so as to give present stockholders the benefit of their investment up to this time, not exceed- ing net cash cost. 2. That the said Exposition Association may, at its option, further increase its capital stock to any sum not exceeding $600,000, as may be found expedient, by bona fide subscriptions to be paid in cash. 3. That it shall expend such increased capital, if secured, in erecting addi- tions to the present building in equally as good a style of architecture, in beautify- ing the grounds, or in otherwise adding to the convenience, attraction, or success of the Exposition. 4. That after its stockholders shall have received back in dividends out of the first future net earnings an amount equal to their paid-up stock, and twelve per cent, annual interest thereon for the time invested, all further earnings, and finally the residuary assets of the association shall be devoted to aiding, establishing or endowing a polytechnic school, bureau of arts and trades, botanical garden, per- manent industrial exposition, or such other institutions or projects for the public instruction, amusement, or good, as the stockholders may determine upon at the time. 5. That such beneficiary institutions or projects, of whatever character, shall be for the general public benefit ; open to all citizens on equal terms, and free from religious, sectarian, or political bias. 6. That the building, when not in use for the Exposition proper, shall not be used for any purpose injurious to the legitimate trade of the city ; and when rented for conventions, festivals, or other purposes, no distinction whatever shall be made on account of sect, creed, nativity or politics. Resolved, That notice of such special meeting be given to the stockholders in the manner provided by law. Resolved^ That pending the action of the stockholders, and other negotiations for putting the Exposition upon a more permanent basis, and enlarging its scope, as indicated in the foregoing resolutions, which should properly be acted upon by the recently elected Council, the Executive Committee be instructed to urge upon the present City Council the great importance of taking favorable action as early as next Monday night on our recent petition, for only a short extension of time, so that our officers may at once announce that there will be an Exposition next year — and more vigorously work to secure special attractions at once. Mr. Taylor moved the adoption of the resolutions, which was seconded by Mr. Brown. Mr. Taylor then rose to explain them more fully. He said : In drafting this plan to give shape and permanence to the enterprise so happily inaugurated, it has been aimed to keep in view the rights and reasonable wishes of the stockholders, as well as the interests of the city, and at the same time to leave ample raiige and scope for future action. The particular character of the institutions or projects to be aided, endowed, or inaugurated, may, with propriety, be determined by the stockholders three or five years hence, when the means have accumulated and the necessity has arisen. It is simply stipulated that whatever they are, they shall be for the general "public instruction, amusement, or good," and " free from religious, sectarian or political bias." This much is due alike to the stockholders who may furnish the means to 3IO EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. carry forward the enterprise and to the public, without whose consent the ground cannot be used, and without whose cordial favor and patronage the enterprise can- not realize the best results. Provision has been made for the capitalization of a portion or all of the actual net earnings up to this time, because it seems not unreasonable that those who ven- tured their money last spring should have the benefit of it. Yet they are asked to leave it discretionary with their Board of Directors whether all or a portion only of the nominal earnings shall thus be capitalized, as contingencies may arise requiring mutual concessions, in order to secure to present stockholders even the return of their capital paid in, for if compelled to remove the building next May it would yield but a small percentage of its cost. Whether, in the event of the favorable action of the stockholders on the resolu- tions, and the granting of the use of the ground by the city authorities, the Expo- sition building shall be increased one-third or doubled in size, or not increased at all, is left to future action. The present object is to obtain from the stockholders authority for, and the indorsement of, a liberal and comprehensive policy, and secure a basis for future operations. Money may or may not be obtainable for so grand a project as some of us contemplate. The northern limit of the ground asked for has been put at the north line of Monroe street, because it may be thought best to enlarge the building by simply extending the one-story portions, so as to include all, or more than all, of the area contained within the present fences and " annexes" at both ends of the structure, thus adding a third or a half to the area of the main floor, and providing suitable room for an increased display of machinery at the north end and a horticultural or other display at the south end. This enlargement can probably be effected at a cost of $40,000 to $60,000, and can be compassed by anticipating next years' earnings, even if the capital is not increased. On the other hand, the southern limit of the ground asked for has been fixed at Congress street, because it is thought entirely feasible by some among us to raise the money and build here on this ground, within the next year, a grand central rotunda, 225 or 250 feet in diameter, with a dome towering up 200 feet, and with wings 700 or 800 feet in length and 200 feet in width, the present structure, of which we are all so proud, forming only one of the wings of the proposed Palace. Chi- cago would then have a permanent annual industrial Exposition grander in its pro- portions than anything this country has ever seen. It would become " Inter-State " indeed, and be from the very start the objective point for exhibitors and sight-seers. Manufacturers, tired of the trouble and expense of exhibiting at numerous places, will gradually withdraw from other fairs and center here, where they can once a year meet their old and make new customers from all parts of the Union. Visitors will flock where they can get the most amusement and instruction for their money and time. In our midst we will have yearly a large collection in all departments of art, science, mechanics, mining, agriculture and manufacture, which cannot but be a grand educator for all. Millions of dollars will be annually spent in Chicago that would not otherwise be. Beyond all, within five years the foundations can be laid through this instrumentality for one or more other institutions, which will in time shed luster upon Chicago and profit its people. Is this plan feasible ? I believe it is. There are but two real obstacles. First, the RESUME AND CLOSING. 31 1 procuring of the ground from the city ; and second, the raising of the money among our citizens. As to the first obstacle, what better use can be made of this small portion of the Lake Park ? Is not the use of it proposed so nearly in accordance with the pur- pose to which it is dedicated as to be void of objection ? Will not our citizens unanimously favor and the Council cheerfully grant the request ? As to the money obstacle, I cannot doubt but it is far from serious. Given a rea- sonable prospect for getting their money back, with interest, in four or five annual installments, and at the same time participating in a good work, who can doubt but that the men of Chicago will subscribe far more freely than they did last spring, when most of them thought the subscriptions equivalent to donations ? Freed from the suspicion of being engaged in a private speculation, and given the stimulus of working for the public good, capable men like Messrs. Bouton, Reynolds, Hesing, Crane, Drake, Gage and others, who have demonstrated that they know how to create success, will continue to give their time. Afforded the opportuuity, I believe they will carry out the programme contemplated in the reso- lutions, and give the stockholders their money back within four or five years, and thereafter turn out from one to two hundred thousand dollars per annum for edu- cational or other popular public purposes, under either of the two plans of opera- tions suggested. Further remarks were made by Messrs. Brown, Drake and others, in the midst of which it was stated that already two States — Kansas ,and Wisconsin — had asked for a portion of the space in the pro- posed new structure. The resolutions were unanimously adopted. The following resolutions were then offered, which were unani- mously adopted : Resolved, That our thanks are due and hereby tendered to the press of the city and country for their valuable and very able reports, which contributed so largely to the success of the Exposition ; and to the Associated Press, telegraph and rail- way companies, whose co-operation and courtesies were so timely and acceptable. Resolved, further. That our thanks are due and hereby tendered to the exhibitors who responded so promptly and cheerfully to our invitation, and whose energy, enterprise and skill, placed in our hall an exhibition of the products of industry and art which challenged universal admiration, and was entirely worthy of the occasion. Resolved, further. That our grateful acknowledgments are especially due to Messrs. Bouton, Drake, Laflin, Crane, Brown, Taylor, Gage and Harvey, of the Executive Committee, for their unremitting, intelligent and gratuitous labors from the beginning of the enterprise to its close. - The following expression of appreciation from the exhibitors was then presented and gratefully acknowledged : Chicago, 111., Nov. 12, 1873. We, the undersigned, exhibitors at the Inter-State Industrial Exposition of Chicago, just closed, desire hereby to publicly express our appreciation of the ability displayed by the Executive Committee in the management of the details and work- ings of the Exposition. For their endeavors to promote our interest, for their uni- 312 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. form courtesy and consideration, we wish to return our sincere thanks. More espe- cially do we consider this due Messrs. John P. Reynolds, N. S. Bouton, John B. Drake and Geo. H. Laflin, to whose untiring attention and efforts we consider the Exposition owes a great measure of its success. (Signed) Mrs. John S. Hendrickson, Miss H. Guest, Mrs. E. S. Haas, D. D, Garland, J. S. Hendrickson, John Monzel, R. R. Randall, J. C. Bonnell, John A. Hartzell, \ Julius Newman, Wm. L. Porter, D. C. Baker, Frank Scott, O. W. Herrick, E. C. Lefebre, R. W. Randall, R. D, Lender, Wilson Bros., L. Mannasse, W. H. Banks & Co., Henry P. Gage, J. F. & J. E. White, Pioneer Manufacturing Co., Graham Bros. & Co., Lever Wringer Co., N. Welley, M. Thorp, A. Wehle & Co., Huyck & Co., Chas. W. Zaremba, J. S. Powers, Newell H. Moulton, H. D. Camp, Lyman & Silliman, Hovey & Co., Heath & Milligan, J. M. Reynolds, C. Marenesi, J. Trefry, Mueller & Gloeckner, Haskell Brothers, Vogler & Guedtner, West & Co., R. F. Adams, S. A. Bent, Belding Bros. & Co., Giles Bros. & Co., Peck, Cella & Eaton, Victor Scale Co., Julius Bauer & Co., W. W. Strong Furniture Co., T. Allen French, C. H. Fargo & Co., Parker & Tilton, Jas. P. Dalton, Pingree & Smith, W. A. Soyers, Pennoyer, Shaw & Co., Schweitzer & Beer, National Watch Co., Warren Bros., M. R. & O. M. Powers, J. P. Main, C. S. Monroe, Alex. Anderson, C. C. Wilson, T. A. Gofif, G. V. Orton, H. H. Evarts, Wilson Sewing Machine Co., W. H. Sharp, Florence S. M. Co., Davis S. M. Co., Victor S. M. Co.. L. J. Colburn, Grover & Baker S. M. Co., Commercial Advertiser, E. S. Harris, Culver, Page, Hoyne & Co., J. H. Lerow & Co., Blees S. M. Co., Mrs. E. H. Stein, Wendell & Hyman, N. Matson & Co., Gentile & Co., A. H. Andrews & Co., Abram French & Co., W. W. Kimball, A. B. Van Cott & Co., A. Reed & Sons, P. H. Milligan, French & Co., E. Schoeneman & Co., Nevers & Co., Central Yeast Co., American Bureau of Mines, C. F. Gunther, Green & Speer, E. F. Hollister & Co., A. Heteidlinger, J. Openheimer, Biggs & Spencer, D. S. Heffron, A. L. Hale & Bro. RESUME AND CLOSING. 313 This is the last meeting of the Exposition officials of 1873 that this volume will be honored by recording. We have now carefully lead the reader through all the meetings of both preliminary and permanent organization, from 1869 to the present time. We have seen the work commenced, and followed its progress until completed. We have seen the great industrial palace inaugurated amid the boom- ing of cannon and the flashing of thousands of gas jets, in the presence of the State and city officials and 25,000 rejoicing Chicagoans, who, in addition to their presence, had already contrib- uted both money and goods to the success of the enterprise. We have seen how grandly successful was that enterprise, and how Chi- cago has eclipsed the world in her energy and perseverance, have seen the doors closed upon the most herculean undertaking a city ever successfully consummated, and have shown how, at this early date, it is contemplated the coming year to rival even the grand scheme just closed, proving conclusively Chicago to be properly termed " the wonder and marvel of the world." (Jj^irago: ITS GROWTH, PROSPECTS, MERCHANTS, AND MANUFACTURERS. tional — interest. HICAGO has just reason to be proud of her great manu- facturing interests. Few cities can boast the number, va- riety, and extensive manufactories, both general and special, of the Lake City. The city of Chicago has already assumed the character of a manufacturing metropolis. It is no longer the mere business center ; its metropolitanism is na- its enterprise, success, growth, and progress are of national Its glory is national, and the American citizen all over the world points with pride to this metropolis of the great northwest. Taking this into consideration, the citizens of the country at large are all interested in her growing industrial interests, and in knowing how far these interests have progressed, in what branches they prin- cipally consist, and, generally, their extent and value. We have read of their immense traffic in grain, of the wonderful amount and extent of the transactions of their wholesale houses, and of facts connected with their industrial interests, and we do not wonder they have glo- ried in their record. The manufacturers are the real producers of value and wealth — manufacturers, like "tillers of the soil," are pro- ducers ; they add to the actual wealth of the city, the country, and of the world. In fact, we may add with emphasis, " the glory of Chicago — her manufactories." Chicago certainly possesses unusual inducements^ and facilities for the great manufacturing interests. Her natural location, her shipping facilities, her railroad connections, CHICAGO. 315 proximity to the great mines of the north and west, taking all into consideration, her future growth and success is beyond computation. There are 60,000 mile's of railway in the United States, of which 13,123 center in Chicago. The average number of trains that arrive and depart each day is 420, being 210 in and the same number out. The capital invested in railroads centering in Chicago is over $400,- 000,000. The gross yearly earnings of which are over $82,000,000. The vessel tonnage of Chicago, entering and clearing from her ports, for the year 1870, was 6,033,207 tons; that of New York was 9,966,- 827 tons, of which 4,288,668 ^ere foreign vessels, giving Chicago in reality the greater home tonnage. The amount for the present year is estimated at one half as large again as that of 1870. Of the man- ufactories of Chicago there are 745, employing in the aggregate 51,240 hands, and with an invested capital of $52,000,000. The total amount paid to employes for wages, during the year 1873, was $29,622,479, and the total value of productions for the same time is about $127,687,000. The business returns of the wholesale houses of Chicago for 1873 are $462,150,000. Chicago covers 21,900 acres, and the best business localities in the city command $2,500 per foot. Corresponding locations in New York City $4,000 and upwards, and Boston about the same. Chicago has over 175 miles of sewers, 100 miles of Nicholson pavement, 400 miles of water pipes and drains and over 1,000 miles of plank and stone sidewalk. In educational institutions Chicago has 5 1 public schools, with 600 teachers, and an attendance of 35,000 pupils. The value of buildings owned by the Board of Education is $1,297,475. In churches Chicago has loi, which are classed as follows: Universal, 3 ; Congregational, 14; Methodist, 18; Presbyterian, 21; Unitarian, 4; Swedenborgian, i: Baptist, 11; Episcopal,- 14; Catholic, 15. In hotels there are 31, some of which are the largest in the world, whose combined capacity will accommodate 15,000 guests. There are 68 banks and bankers in Chicago, 10 daily papers, 4 medical colleges and 3 theological seminaries. In points of attraction Chicago is surrounded by some 62 suburban towns, many of them romantically situated, and all of them within a radius of 20 miles from the great city. Her Chamber of Commerce and Board of Trade, consisting of some 1,200 mem- bers, are also worthy of note. Another attraction is the new water works, located on the lake shore, at the east end of Chicago avenue, in the North Division. The style of architecture is castellated gothic, with heavy battlement corners, with solid rock-faced ashler stone 3i6 EXPOSITION SOUVENIR. and cut stone trimmings, all the details being of a massive and per- manent character. In the engine room are located three powerful engines, one of which is the largest in the United States, with a pumping capacity of 36,000,000 gallons of water every twenty-four hours ; the water is supplied by means of a tunnel extending two miles into the lake, connecting with a crib. This tunnel is one of the marvels of modern engineering, and well worth the inspection of visitors. A second tunnel, found necessary by the rapid growth of the city, is now being constructed. Steamboats make frequent daily excursions to the crib for the accommodation of sight-seers. The great fire cost the city the loss of over 18,000 buildings, and $200,000,000 of property, while the rebuilding in the course of two years has more than restored the business center with better public and private buildings than before, and the magnificent business blocks, the palatial banks and mammoth hotels that have been erected as it were by the magic of an Aladdin's lamp, will serve to show visit- ors the indomitable energy and irresistible enterprise that have made Chicago what it is, and are destined in time to make it the first city in point of commercial importance, as well as in size, on the western continent. The National Government, also, not to be outdone by private en- terprise or municipal public spirit and liberality, is now putting in the foundations for one of the largest, most substantial, and most impos- ing edifices in the whole country, for the accommodation of its post- office, custom house, and judicial and other ofiices, an edifice that will cover an entire square, and the erection of which will cost about 15,000,000. And while these extensive building operations have been in pro- gress, the trade and commerce of the city have gone on without in- terruption, continually increasing in extent and value. From the first day of January, 1872, to the first day of September, 1873, — twenty months — the receipts of corn have been 72,088,816 bushels, and the shipments 70,449,086; receipts of wheat, 22,822,802 bushels, and the shipments 21,642,181 ; receipts of oats, 24,309,240 bushels, and the shipments 22,948,043 ; receipts of flour, 2,962,128 barrels, and the shipments 2,750,443 ; receipts of lumber, 1,933,375 feet, and the shipments 779,361 ; receipts of hogs, 6,163,530 head, and the ship- ments 1,438,106; receipts of cattle, 3,614,557, and the shipments 9-17,555- Such is a brief mention of Chicago, whose industrial development CHICAGO. 317 is not merely extraordinary — it is phenomenal. This sketch, imper- fect though it is, of what Chicago has done and gives promise of doing, is enough to prove her substantial prosperity ; that her trade, commerce, manufactures and productive industries of all kinds have a permanent and ever-increasing stability, which no ordinary vicis- itudes can impair or destroy. (Jonrlusion. r-S,^ PON the foregoing pages we have endeavored to acquit ourselves with credit, and do impartial justice to the subject matter. How near we have accomplished our ambitious desires, the public must determine. The com- pilation of a work of this character is a most arduous and laborious task, and this volume is the result of three months' unceasing labor. Should the mention of any exhibitor have been omitted by us, we here beg to tender all such an apology, and to state it has been our intention to embody the names of every regular exhibitor in the building, but with an imperfect catalogue to guide' us, and many minor obstacles presenting themselves, we have found our every step fraught with stumbling blocks ; but as this is the first Exposition of Chicago, so is our work not only the first of the kind for Chicago, but the first book of record for any Exposition ever published in this country^ and for any errors or omissions which may have unavoidably crept in, we trust the foregoing remarks may plead a sufficient excuse in our behalf. To those gentleman who have so kindly rendered us valuable information and assistance in the compilation of this work, our thanks are due and herewith ten- dered, and especially to Hon. John P. Reynolds, Secretary, for the many courtesies tendered us in the prosecution of our labors during the continuance of the exhibition ; also, to Geo. H. Laflin, Esq., and other members of the Executive Committee, for favors received. CONCLUSION. 319 BENEDICITE. In all the hours thy future may command, May the rich blessings of the Father's hand Make glad the way before thy coming feet. Behold, where thou must go I hear the sweet Far voice of Spring eternal. On thy way There falls the radiance of undying day. No more thy heart o'er vanished treasure grieves, Borne on the blast like autumn's scarlet leaves ; For on the fire-swept plain, in gleaming lines, The magic of thy New Creation shines. O, risen one ! a glory doth enfold Thy sack-cloth robe transmuted into gold ! O, City ! purged by sacramental flame. Be great in virtue, as thou art in name ! Within thy walls may Happiness abide ; Mercy and Peace dwell ever side by side ; May Plenty smile ; and Concord be confessed. With sweet Content, in every home a guest ; And far away, without thine open gate, Be Rapine, Discord, Avarice and Hate. God grant to thee and thine a noble fame, And guard thee well from pestilence and flame. From dire oppression and the bloody sword ; And may the blessing of the gracious Lord, Which maketh rich and adds no sorrow, then Abide in peace with thee and thine. Amen.