F 5 7 iiOntxx>Vi Seeing Lancaster County - 9 From Trolley Window A P; 'tri O ISI PUBLISHED BY THE CONESTOGA TRACTION COMPANY LANCASTER, PENNA. 80 Pages , Price 10c tidtiCatiGfXXiCXii Qass E-llJ Book X^JKl Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from The Library of Congress http://www.archive.org/details/seeinglancastercOOkrie 'JJ - SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW PUBLISHED BY THE Conestoga Traction Company LANCASTER. PENNA. INTRODUCTORY NOTE The desire to acquire some knowledge of the history, present activities and natural scenery of Lancaster County induced the author to prepare these sketches for The Pennsyl- vania- German . The story was woven around the Trolley lines because these afford one of the most convenient and most economical modes of travel for the sightseer. It would obviously be impracticable to make mention of all the sources of information and courtesies shown, of which the writer availed himself. In addition to credits given in the text the author acknowledges his indebtedness to Rupp's History, Egle's History, Ellis and Evans' History, the pub- lications of the Lancaster County Historical Society, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster Board of Trade, The Cones- toga Traction Company, The Express Printing Company, Mr. F. R. Diffenderffer, Mr. George Steinman, Mr. B. F. Saylor, Mr. C. N. Derr. The author hopes the perusal of these pages may afford the reader as much pleasure as their preparation did the writer and that a wider knowledge of the county, a deeper love for history and higher life aspirations may thereby be promoted. The Author Copyright, 1910 by H. W. Krikbel Press of The Express Printing Company ©cu ^5994S /0-^9.V^ PART I The City of Lancaster LL aboard" for a trolley trip through Lancaster county, Pennsylvania's " Garden Spot " and America's banner agri- cultural county. We will take our seats and before the gong clangs for departure will look about us. We are now in "Centre Square" of the city of Lancaster, at the cross- ing of King and Queen streets, a point from which on some days a thousand cars depart over one hun- dred and fifty miles of trolley track radiating to all parts of the county. Here one may stand aside and have the county's fashions new and old pass in review before him. Before us is a stately Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument erected by ladies and dedicated July 4, 1874. Around us on the different streets are large business houses and scenes of activity. It was not always thus. Time was when the Indians met here to make treaties under a hickory tree hence they were known as "Hickory In- dians" and the place was known as Hickorytown, even a hotel painted a hickory tree on its sign board. The place has been occupied by whites, however, for almost two centuries. When it was laid out in 1728 by An- drew Hamilton it was a hamlet pf,-, about 200 persons, grown to 3405 in\ 1800 when it was the largest inland town in the United States. It was in- corporated as a borough in 1742 and chartered as a city in 1818. Courts were held here for the first lime in 1730, previous courts having been held at Postlethwait's tavern six ■or seven miles southwest of us. The court house, erected and destroyed by fire June, 1784, stood where the monu- ment now stands. This was a two- storied brick building with steeple, belfry, a clock with two faces, pent houses and shingle roof. The lower room containing the court room was paved with brick, had a large hearth and elaborate furnishings ; its windows were glazed with small pieces of glass, leaded in and provided with blinds or shades of green, horizontal slats or shades on chords. The sec- ond floor contained a council chamber and a few small rooms. THE OLD COURT HOUSE The stirring scenes witnessed by this unpretentious building were so significant and important historically that "the day of Lancaster's greatest glory is past and will never return." In the words of H. Frank Eshleman, Esq., "How proud we should be today if now the building were standing pre- served on its site. How we should love it and value it ! What famous visitors, what great personages, we would .conduct through it, into its solemn, silent Court room, up its stairs into its chamber! How we Avould gaze in sacred awe into its empty seats, its quaint bench and bar, its blinds, its age-stained wood and brass, its girders and posts, its brick floor and primitive walls ! How we would speak in low whispers as we rehearse as we silently contemplate, standing within it, the train of mighty events that made it famous. All these would pass in silent parade before us in review as we stand with- in it! The ancient Justices with pow- SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW dered wigs; the mighty and pious Zinzendorf, his eloquent sermons and strange audiences, the commingled audiences of dusky Indian chiefs and white forefathers filling the room four dignation against England ; the mili- tary dress, adornments, and bearings of the soldiers at the memorable meet- ing of July 4, 1776; the surrendering of commissions and removal of the successive times in treaty met ; the stately warriors, the speeches, the voices, the intonations ; the excited, hilarious and patriotic speeches and ringing applause, punctuated with in- arms of King George III ; the solemn picture of Congress and its session of September 27, 1777! the stormy ses- sions of the Supreme Council of the State and Councils of Safety for nine PART I. THE CITY OF LANCASTER 5 months; the edicts of attainder 1775 the marshalling- of military against the Tories and theif excited forces, in response to the firing of the neighbors coming into these halls and gnns at Lexington and Bnnker Hill, begging for them; the fnneral of the It later furnished the barracks for the President of the State with its martial British and Hessian prisoners of war. splendor." Three times did GecM-ge Washington The city has been an imporant cen- ter indeed for many years. It has seen the Irish, the German, the Welsh, the French meet here as the ■seat of local government. It saw in honor the place by his presence. Hither came the fathers as to the seat of the State government from 1799 to 1812. It was world renowned for its manufactories a century ago. SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW It has been the center of a religious life that has been unjustly the laugh- ing stock and justly the marvel of the world, exemplifying the fruits of free- dom of faith and thus directly aiding in the spread of the doctrine of relig- ious liberty throughout the world. MEN OF PUBLIC NOTE "In men of public note Lancaster City has never been wanting. Hence went Buchanan to the Presidency and Stevens to the leadership of Congress ; here Benjamin West painted pictures ; Tom Paine wrote tracts, philosophical and political ; Robert Fulton, a native of the county, experimented in steam navigation on the Conestoga. Here, on the site of the present court house, abode George Ross, signer of the Declaration. John Joseph Henry set out afoot from Lancaster to Quebec in Revolutionary days, and his diary is the most interesting account of Ar- nold's expedition. Here was born John F. Reynolds, destined to become the most gallant hero and most glo- rious martyr of the Union cause who fell on the red and rocky field of Gettysburg. From this bar and bench Jasper Yeates, William Augustus At- lee, Molton C. Rogers, Ellis Lewis and J. Hay Brown became Justices of the Supreme Court ; Amos Ellmaker, Thomas E. Franklin, Benjamin Champneys and W. U. Hensel were Attorneys General of the Common- wealth. The late James P. Wicker- sham and E. E. Higbee, and now Nathan C. Schaeffer have been Su- perintendents of Common Schools ; Amos H. Mylin, Auditor General, and W. W. Griest Secretary of the Com- monwealth. Col. John W. Forney was graduated from a Lancaster printing office. Rev. Dr. J. W. Nevin, Bishop Bowman and Father Keenan are_ names honored of all churchmen ; while Harbaugh, the Pennsylvania German poet, Muhlenberg, author of 'T Would Not Live Alway," and other hymns, and Lloyd Mififlin, painter-poet, attest Lancaster's emi- nence in polite literature." IMPORTANCE OF CITY AND COUNTY The importance of the city and county covering less thain looo square miles and having a population of 170,- 000 may be inferred from figures like the following, prepared by a compe- tent authority. "The annual value of her agricul- tural products in 1890 was $7,657,790; now it exceeds 11,000,000. All this is owing to excellent soil, skillful and steadfast farmers and diversified crops. On an average, the wheat crop is 2,000,000 bushels ; corn crop, 4,500- 000 bushels ; the tobacco crop, grown on 16,000 acres, produces an annual revenue to her farmers pf from $2,000,- 000 to $3,000,000. Since 1890 that crop alone has brought into the county the enormous sum of $80,000,000, nearly all of which has remained here, and it is represented by increased fertility and handsome improvements, new buildings and. enlarged domestic com- forts and elegance. "There are within this limited ter- ritory thirty-five, (now thirty-six) Na- tional banks, two State banks and six Trust Companies, with aggregate re- sources at the beginning of 1908, of nearly $38,000,000. Of National banks alone this single county has ijiore than Arkansas, Montana, Mis- sissippi, South Carolina, Florida, Utah Idaho Or Wyoming. "Last year 4,000 carloads of cattle were received at the Union Stock Yards, Lancaster. Of these, 30,000 head were fattened within the county by her farmers. There are ninety-four Rural Free Delivery routes in the county, (now ninety-six) more than any other county in the United States." In view of the preceding which is but an iota of the reality one is pre- pared to appreciate the words of Mr. F. R. Diffenderfifer when he says : "Lancaster city enjoys almost un- equaled advantages of location in many respects. She sits on an elevated limestone ridge, which secures her the advantage of excellent health and satisfactory drainage. Along her east- PART I. THE CITY OF LANCASTER ern and southern borders winds one of the most beautiful rivers to be seen anywhere, affording visions of pic- turesque scenery and beauty excelled nowhere, as I believe on this conti- nent. Around her, beyond her own territorial limits is spread a country than which the sun shines on none richer or more beautiful, and which vies with the garden spots of the world. Take along with these the general aggregation of her population, in intelligence, in industry, in wealth, and may I not add, in morals, and we have an aggregate of conditions and circumstances of the most desirable kind, and which, all things considered, make her one of the most desirable places on the globe to be born, live and die on." To cover the city and suburban points by trolley will take consider- able time. Instead of tracing out and showing each point of interest we will merely note some prominent historic spots, quoting from a recent L. B. Herr print. POINTS OF INTEREST IN CITY "A monument on East Ross street marks the spot where George Ross lived, the only signer of the Declara- tion of Independence from Lancaster county. The Franklin and Marshall College and Academy and the Re- formed Theological Seminary build- ings are situated in the northwestern part of the city, on College avenue and West James Street. Trinity Lutheran Church, on South Duke street near East King street, was es- tablished in 1733, and the building was consecrated in 1766. The tower, which is 195 feet high, was erected in 1794, and the set of chimes was first used in 1854. Governors Wharton and Mifflin were buried at this famous old Church. The stone building of the Moravian Church, on West Orange street was erected in 1746, the brick building being added in 1868. Wit- mer's bridge, which was erected in 1799 and spans the Conestoga a short distance east of the city, was on the direct wagon route from Philadelphia to the western part of Pennsylvania. WHEATI.AND COURTESY LANCASTER BOARD OF TRADE SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW When first erected a toll was charged which frequently amounted to $25 in one day. "The County Almshouse and In- sane Asylum are located on East King- street near Witmer's bridge, and the Thaddeus Stevens Industrial School is just a short distance to the west. "Among the industries of Lancaster wil be found the Hamilton Watch Factory, two large umbrella factories, the largest linoleum factory in the world, cork factory, silk mills, cotton mills, cigar factories, tobacco ware- houses, soap factory. "As a tobacco centre, Lancaster city and county rank with the greatest tobacco producing sections of the United States. Most of the tobacco raised in the county is delivered by the farmers to dealers in the city, who pack it and ship to all parts of the world. The crop amounts to millions of pounds annually. " 'Wheatland, ' which is located a short distance west of Lancaster, was the home of James Buchanan, the fifteenth president of the United States, and the only president from Pennsylvania. His remains lie buried in Woodward Hill Cemetery. Thad- deus Stevens, the "Great Commoner," lived in Lancaster, and his remains lie in Shreiner's Cemetery. Thomas Henry Burrowes, the founder of the free school system in Pennsylvania, is buried in St. James Cemetery near the North Duke street side, where a monument marks his resting place." Before leaving the city to see the sights throughout the county it will not be amiss to say that to a consider- able extent, the early agricultural, in- dustrial, domestic activities through- out the county were very much alike. We need not therefore dwell on the Indian and frontier life, the grist, saw, fulling mills, the tanneries, the distil- leries, furnaces, and forges of each community, that in former days were familiar sights all over the- county, but of which all traces have in many cases disappeared. Nor can we dwell on Lancaster's sons and daughters who have gone forth to people the earth nor on the many men who have made their na- tive count}^ illustrious. Nor must we overlook the fact that in many points the sources of history are few and fragmentary. Men were so busy making history that they failed to record it. The mere fact that the place was connected one hundred years ago with Philadelphia by a turnpike along which were strung hotels as beads on a string one a mile the whole distance speaks volumes on the early industries and activities of the county. RESIDENCE OF W. t. HERSHEY, LANDISVILEE, PA. PART II A Trip to Marietta Starting- on our trip to Marietta, we thread our way along Queen, Chest- nut and Charlotte streets, past grave- 3^ard, school buildings, churches, stately mansions crowding humble one story cottages, the old and new in closest quarters, until we strike the old Columbia pike completed over a century ago. As we hasten south- westward we leave on our left vel- vety lawns studded with stately na- tive forest trees hiding lovely homes and soon pass the old mill in the hol- low at Abbeyville and West Lancas- ter reminding one of hustling prairie cities. Should we fall into reverie the of toil from all in the household from grayhaired sire and matron to inno- cent youth. Before we are aware of the progress we are making we have passed Ridge- way and the Three Mile House with their beautiful vistas to the distant blue hilltops, we cross a railroad bridge and find ourselves in Mount- ville, lovely for situation, a borough a mile long casting 250 votes and inter- ested in a silkmill, a cigar factory and a plow works. Shortly after crossing the bridge, we can see to our right a paintless, decaying, tumble-down log- house hiding behind overgrown bush- CONESTOGA WAGON COURTESY LANCASTER BOARD OF TRADE toot of the automobile, the yells of the trolley excursionists would probably awake us. In imagination we can see the his- toric emigrants moving westward, and hear the strongly built Conestoga freight wagons grinding their slow way along. But these too are things of the past. We must not fail to note the scenery, the attractive farm buildings and the tobacco lands with us all the way to Marietta, ranging in area from a few square rods to half a dozen acres or more, a patch to a farm, edg- ing themselves to the very backdoors of the farm dwellings exacting a toll es, the oldest building in town, (a can- didate for a bi-centennial celebration). The unfounded story is told that it was once a cooper shop and that George Washington held a courtmartial in it. Just beyond is the Barnholt hotel al- most old enough to justify a centen- nial celebration. Do not fail to observe the sandstone blocks in front of the hospitable hotel porch. These are relics of the original State railroad between Philadelphia and Columbia, abandoned quite early however from a point half a mile east of Mountville to Columbia. The orig- inal track was made by placing these 10 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW and like sandstone blocks two feet apart in the ground. On these cast iron chairs were placed and fastened with iron spikes. The rails weighing- forty pounds to the yard were fitted into a groove in the chairs and fas- tened by wedges which were contin- ually being loosened by the jolting of the cars with their five ton cargoes, drawn by horses all the way from Columbia to Philadelphia. But we must hasten on and leave the charming town with its peace and quiet and historic atmosphere. We are soon beyond the borough limits, the Quay homestead with its red house and yellow farm buildings to the left of us. We have been passing along or through Manor and the two Hempfields, a rich section and in parts so thickly settled that it has been called a continuous village. On en- tering Columbia Ave pass a rotary sta- tion to the left which marks the place where the original Philadelphia and Columbia railroad crossed the turn- pike. The place of the original turn- table is still visible not far away. Af- ter zigzagging our way through the historic town we find ourselves at the foot of Walnut street where we must change cars for Marietta. But we can not leave this historic town without looking about us. COLUMBIA Columbia, occupying the site of the Indian town Shawanah, and the scene of many a conflict between various In- dian tribes, was settled by the Quakers 1726, laid out by Samuel Wright in 1827 and sold in lots by lottery. It was the one terminus of and known as Wright's Ferry dating back to 1730 and as such a very im- portant place for emigrants moving south and west, well-known even in England and spoken of in official papers of the crown. It was no unu- sual thing to see from 150 to 200 ve- hicles of all kinds waiting at the ferry house for their turn to be ferried across. The place was also very important as the terminus of the railroad built to intercept the river traffic. The town was at one time so near the center of population of the United States that in 1789 it was taken into serious con- sideration as a possible place for the seat of the National government. The inhabitants of the town were greatly surprised June 11, 1825 to see the ar- rival of a steamboat attempting to navigate the Susquehanna. The boat was warped over the most danger- ous places and went as far up as Wilkes-Barre where it was destroyed by the explosion of the boiler. One of the earliest efforts in the state to supply the inhabitants of an incorpor- ated town with spring water conveyed in pipes under ground was made here in 1821. We must not fail to take a look at the Blunston House on Mt. Bethel part of which was built 1728 where Washington was once a guest (an un- founded story) and the Wright house built between 1740 and 1750 owned at one time by Susanna, daughter of John Wright the founder, a remark- able woman, educated in England, ar- tist, poet, legal and medical adviser, a spinner of silk that was woven into dress goods exhibited in England. Columbia has seen enterprises like the river and canal commerce, the iron manufacturing industry, the railroad traffic, take root, thwve and decay but pheonixlike lives, groAvs and hopes and who shall say that it has passed its golden age? "The city of Columbia has a popula- tion 13,000; two railroad systems, fast freight lines through to New York, Boston and the East; to Pittsburg and the West ; to Baltimore and the South ; three hours from Philadelphia, five from New York, ten from Boston and eight from Pittsburg; only sixty miles from the anthracite coal fields; laAV taxation and valuation ; coal for manufacturing purposes cheap ; elec- tric railways ; abundant water supply free for manufacturing purposes ; four banks, sixteen churches, good schools, PART II. A TRIP TO MARIETTA 11 four newspapers, an efficient fire de- partment, good markets and free mail delivery. In health it ranks very" high. Columbia is a cosmopolitan town. Al- most every nationality is represented, and yet we need no police force. Co- lumbia is a manufacturing town in every sense of the word, having one of the most prosperous stove works, five rolling mills, and a wrought iron pipe mill that has a capacity of two hun- dred tons of finished pipe every twen- vania. Columbia gave to the trans- portation a Scott, a Houston, a Fran- ciscus and a Lockard ; to literature and art Lloyd Miffiin, the greatest living poet; to the army. Generals Welsh and Fisher, Majors Kelsey and Pf abler, and hundreds of other brave officers and men; to law a North, one of the ablest lawyers in the country ; to en- terprise and business, S. S. Detwiler, the best friend Columbia ever had, a man of absolute integrity, whose death COLIMP.IAS HISTORIC BRIDGES ty-four hours. We manufacture the best laundry machinery in the world, and the celebrated Columbian wagons. We have a silk mill that is capable of employing a thousand hands, and everyone of these boys and girls are able to sign their names to the pay rolls. We have a successful Grey Iron company; a lace mill that makes ten tons of lace curtains every week, tan- neries, cut glass factories, and other smaller enterprises. Columbia has no paupers nor millionaires, but more people who own their own homes than any othert town of its size in Pennsyl- Avas mourned by the entire community as a personal bereavement." (From a speech by Flon. C. C. Kauffman.) WRIGHTSVILLE The whistle of the ferry steamboat " Mary" tempts us to cross the Sus- quehanna and as it costs five cents to to do so whether Ave go by ferry, or by steam or afoot over the 6000 foot bridge we take our seats and will let the sternwheel peddles "kick" us tO' York county, crossing where the white man has been crossing well nigh 200 12 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW years. The bridge before us, a ma- jestic structure of strength, simpHcity, and beauty is the fourth at this place, the third on the same piers practically. Time forbids us to ling-er on the bridge history. A mile doAvn stream was the noted dam of the canal age. Three miles l3elo\A' is A\^ashington Borough, com- , Oldest Housft in WnchisvH s. Pa HISTORIC SPOTS OF WRIGHTSVHXE posed of Washington and Charleston, laid out a century ago, and occupying the site of an Indian town that is said to have had a population of 2000, 300 years ago but of wdiich all traces have disappeared. In the days of rafting the banks of the Susquehanna were lined for miles with rafts and arks which meant an active business in var- ious lines, whiskey, boards, shingles lath, wheat, oats, coal and pigiron. But our ferryboat has docked .and we scramble out to get a glimpse of Wrightsville, laid out by Samuel and William Wright, of the trolley cars ready to take us to another noted man- ufacturing and trolley center, historic York, and of the enclosed monument in the public square of which we give herewith a view and the inscription. 1S61-1865 THESE GUNS PRESENTED BY U. S. GOVERNMENT, MARK WRIGHTSVILLE AS THE FARTHEST POINT EAST, REACHED BY THE CONFERERATE FORCES, JUNE 28, 1863, DURING THE CIVIL WAR, DEDICATED BY POST NO. 270 G. A. R. JUIA 4, 1900. x-\s we recross the river we think of the burning of the bridge in June 1863 to prevent a rebel invasion, of William Smith the first martyr under the Fug- itive Slave law shot by a slave catcher April 30, 1852 and of William Wright one of the earliest active agents of the Underground Railroad. CHICKIES ROCK Taking a car for Marietta we soon leave behind the ruins of past, the noise and smoke of present iron in- dustries and worm our tortuous path- way through forest primeval and dreamy dell to the top of historic Chickies Rock, 300 feet above the bed of the stream. Standing here one sees the Susque- hanna snaking along its ancient rocky pathway, heavy freight trains creeping lazily by on the old canal bed fringing the river. Columbia to the left, Mari- etta to the right. Round Top across the river gap in front and imagina- tion involuntarily tries to conceive the length of time since the river began PART II. A TRIP TO MARIETTA 13 its ceaseless task of kissing, grinding" and crushing its way through 300 feet of solid rock. Chickies has given sermons to preachers, dreams to poets, illusions to lovelorn lads and lasses, sport to thoughtless youth, a hiding place to the lawless, daily bread to the toiler, a shelter, a school, MARIETTA We are now on the territor}^ origi- nally settled by the Scotch-Irish who as pioneers pushed to the extreme front of civilization, settling as squat- ters on the highest grounds and re- fusing to ])ay quitrents to the pro- prietaries. Donegal, existing 1722, DR. S. S. HALDEMAN an inspiration to Dr. S. S. Haldeman who has won a deathless interna- tional fame for himself, but we must hurry to catch our car to take us down a winding course to the valley, past ruins of half a dozen blast fur- naces, and into the heart of old Mar- ietta strung mainly along the old turnpike. originally extending indefinitely from Pequea Creek, north and northwest, became the mother of many town- ships and counties and illustrious citizens on whom we may not dwell. Following the banks of the Susque- hanna we might trace the footsteps of the Indian traders and reach Conoy 14 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW ttownship so named after an Indian tribe and settled prior to 1719. Time was when scores of teams from in- land sections "waited their chance to :get fish. Marietta, originally known as An- •derson's Ferry and a business rival to Wrights Ferry, was established in 1733. It "is composed of two towns New Haven founded 1805 and AVat- ■erford laid out 1806. It was chartered in 1812 and received its name Mar- rafts, the widely known shad fisheries the former in population. The place grew too fast ; a large class of disrep- ■ utable persons followed the stream of speculators who overflowed the place, and, like birds of prey, lived off the earnings of others. When the final crash came but few were able to weather the storm." As one walks along the question comes up. Is the town's golden age in the past or the future? The canal, the CHICKIES AND MARIETTA ietta a compound name from the Christian names of Mrs. Anderson and Mrs. Cook the wives of the foun- ders. Marietta in its infancy experienced a boom which is thus referred to by a local historian "Columbia had the start of Marietta by eighteen years, but the latter sprang into existence as if by magic, and commenced to •crowd the heels of their Quaker ineighbors, and for a few years rivaled furnaces, the many massive kmiber rafts are no more. It has had for size and location few rivals from a literary and social standpoint. The dinners of the Farmers' Club in Duffey's Park alone gave the place national reputa- tion. Across the river are AVild Cat Falls formerly owned by and a resort of the Masonic Fraternity and an ob- servation house from which seven counties are visible. 15 PART III A Trip to Elizabethtown ETURNING from M a r- ietta to the trolley junc- tion (on the Columbia pike) a short distance west of Little Conestoga we take up our trip to Elizabethtown a seventy- five minute ride from the city of Lancaster. Our tour wdl take us through another rich agricultural section with its mixed farming includ- ing tobacco. We will first travel through East Hempfield, part of the manor of the same name so desig- nated on account of the hemp raised in pioneer days. A short ride brings us to Rohrerstown on the Marietta pike a neat, home-like, clean, well- built place through which we pass to the western end where we cross over the historic Columbia railroad to con- tinue our journey along the Marietta pike. The place known formerly as Hempfield, laid out in 1812 and dis- posed of by lottery, marred in 1834 by the railroad cut, blighted by the fail- ure of its iron industry and vivified by the presence of Hon. John W. Steh- man tempts one by its homelikeness to linger but we can not and must hurry on. This turnpike, known originally as "The Lancaster, New Haven and Waterford Turnpike," was incorpor- ated about the year 1805 and built soon afterwards. About four miles towards Marietta i s the historic Camber Hotel at Silver Spring built by Jacob Camber in 1810. Could the walls speak what a wonderful tale would they not tell of the county's men of celebrity who in summer and winter have patronized its hospitable shelter from heat and cold. Not far distant is Lancaster's inland, artificial lake, a quarter of a mile across, where in days of yore men delved for the rich iron ore to enrich themselves and their fellows and benefit humanity — but ruins, memories and riches in the hands of some are the remains to re- call the past. The hematite iron ore of this section of the county seems to have been located as early as about 1737 although the profitable working of the mines came a century later. Should the tourist wish to take a drive through a lovely section of the county a trip along the ridge beyond Silver Spring will be most delightful. We regret that we may not linger to "re- minisce" about the early settlers. The gradual ascent of populous and productive Chestnut Hill opens up to view a wide expanse of an idyllic farming region to the east and south, soon cut off by our descending the north slope of the hill towards Lan- disville. We change our general direc- tion, passing rich farms with their peaceful homes to the charming grove of the Landisville Camp Meeting Ground famous for its large gather- ings " and religious services held here each season since 1870. Just beyond the grove is a large Mennonite church and close by, one of the county's historic buildings erected 1742, now an antiquated dwelling house but in its earlier days a Mennonite church. We skirt the century old town, stopping at the glass waiting room to receive pas- sengers and hasten away following the general direction of the Pennsyl- vania railroad. We pass Salunga, a rotary station, and begin to note the smoke of Mount Joy arising from the rural scenery to the west, presently crossing the Chicquesalunga creek and, passing through the fields of Rapho township, gradually approach the railroad. We shortly come across a locust grove on Chicques Creek in 16 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW HISTORIC BUILDINGS which we notice the rums of walls, the remains of the erstwhile famous Cedar Hill Seminary, established in 1837, and soon find ourselves on the out- skirts of Mount Joy. We pass along the southern borders and cross the railroad and before we are aware of it find ourselves leaving- the town without getting a good view of it, making us feel that the trolley tracks and cars are or were not wanted in the heart of the town. Mount Joy is sliced in two by the deep railroad cut, spanned by seven bridges and is hedged on the north by the railroad on the old bed. Between these lies the main business street on the great Indian trail from Harrisburg to Phila- delphia now the Harrisburg pike. The earliest house in what is now Mount Joy was a tavern erected in 1768 and forms a part of the Ex- change Hotel. In 1783 Michael Nichels built a tavern at an intersection of a road leading to Manheim which he called the "Cross Keys." The place became widely known as the hotel with the three crosses, — Cross Keys, Cross Roads and Cross Landlady. Be- fore its incorporation in 185 1 Mount Joy consisted of three distinct places, Mount Joy, Richland and Rohrers- town, the last named place having been laid out in lots in 1811 which were disposed of by lottery. In passing we may note the mis- take made by the historian Rupp and repeated by Egle in his History of Pennsylvania. By confounding the Mount Joy of Lancaster county with the Mount Joy of Valley Forge he placed Gen. Anthony Wayne with 2000 of his troops a mile northeast of this borough from December 1777 to May 1778 instead of on the Schuyl- kill river in close proximity to Wash- inp^ton. PART III. A TRIP TO ELIZABETHTOWN 17 MOUNT JOY RAILROAD CUT Three miles southwest of Mount Joy on a hill at the foot of which gushes Donegal Springs, is the Old Donegal Presbyterian church in Don- egal township named after a county in Ireland from which the Scotch- Irish pioneer settlers came. The Donegal Presbytery was or- ganized in 1732. soon after which a log meeting-house was erected, re- placed by the present stone structure about the time of the Revolution. The church is about 75 by 45 feet. Orig- inally there were no doors at the end, the aisles were of earth, and benches of the homeliest construction were used. The building has been re- modeled a numl^er of times since. In 1876 Samuel Evans wrote, "Ten years ago the church was again remodeled DONEGAL SPRINGS 18 SEEING' LANCASTER COUNTY A TROLLEY WINDOW by plastering the outside wails, clos- ing the west and south doors, putting in a board floor, and, in fact, made the whole structure conform to modern ideas of a church building. No person who had not seen the building for forty years could now recognize it. It is fortunate that the old Scotch-Irish have entirely disappeared from the neighborhood, or there might be an- Irish community erected under the auspices of the Witness Tree Chapter, Daughters of the Revolution was dedicated. Close by is the ancestral home of one of the line of progenitors of the late William McKinley, Jr., President, the Simon Cameron resi- dence, now occupied by his son Hon. J. Don Cameron who has become an extensive land owner, having already DONEGAL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH other rebellion in Donegal."' It is related that during the Revo- lution a messenger came to a wor- shipper Col. Lowrey to order out the militia and march in defence of the commonwealth. The congregation ad- journed and met under the great oak tree in front of the churchyard and forming a circle vowed eternal hos- tility to a corrupt king and Parlia- ment and pledged themselves to sus- tain the colonists. On the fifth of October, 1899, a monument to the memory of the loyal pioneers and patriots of this Scotch- acquired more than half a score of productive farms in the community. The temptation is to linger on the history of the fair Donegal, Mount Joy and Rapho townships, once a Scotch-Irish stronghold from which the descendants have almost all dis- appeared to be followed by the Penn- sylvania Germans. Time forbids and we hasten on. We, therefore, resume our journey parallelling the railroad to youthful Rheems beyond which we pass under the railroad to the north side where we ascend a steep hill, and rather un- PART III. A TRIP TO ELIZABETHTOWN 19 CAMf;RON HOMESTEAD expectedly find Elizabethtown squat- ting in a hollow before us. This hill is known as Tunnel Hill because in the early days of railroading a tunnel was dug through it which was later trans- formed into an open cut. A min- ute more and we are at the ter- minus of the trolley line in the square of the ancient burg. This place, a borough since 1827, was laid out in 1753 by Barnabas Hughes and named Elizabethtown in honor of . his wife. TUNNEL CUT 20 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW THE SQUARE, EEIZ.ABETHTOWN Located centrally on the Paxton and Conestoga road i8 miles from Lan- caster, Harrisburg, Lebanon and York the town grew and prospered. The turnpike road from Lancaster to Harrisburg projected 1796, chartered 1804 and com )leted as soon as possi- ble thereafter brought the great stage and transportation life through its streets and increased its prosperity. The "Black Horse" hotel built before the town was laid out became a noted stopping place. The present modern hotel building is close neighbor to one of its predecessors two doors away hiding its face and age behind a veneer of boards. Another old timer is the Keller house beyond the {if .rf-. J i.'>f 's. 1 1 1 "j" *a,j .^iSu-i J1.J- 1 «.ig^Sffl(.i_ r* «_ *i ita'ii^iji J, All i«— jua ELIZABETHTOWN COLLEGE PART III. A TRIP TO ELIZABBTHTOWN 21 Conoy, in former days also a hotel, but now a dilapidated dwelling house. The St, Peter'e Roman Catholic church was the first one built in the town. The congregation was organ- ized 1752. A log church was built 1768 which was replaced by the pres- ent stone edifice in 1799. A serio-comical event happened at Elizabethtown in connection with the adoption of the public school system in 1843. The town favored the sys- tem, the township opposed. A three- foot snowfall on election day keeping the voters of the township from the polls, they started the following day iiii3 cathouc church^ euzabethtown About a century ago a turnpike road from Elizabethtown to Falmouth on the Susquehanna was constructed, which was later abandoned by its owners and nicknamed Pumpkin Vine Turnpike from the fact that in many places these vines were allowed to run along or over the road bed undis- turbed. for town afoot, on horseback, on sleds and sleighs to upset the election. Justice Redsecker's office became crowded and uncomfortably warm due to the redhot stove and the crowd of angry voters, who seemed ready for a serious outbreak of violence at any moment. Matters had reached a critical stage when a chorus of short 22 SEEING' LANCASTER COUNTY A TROLLEY WINDOW hacking coughs and rasping sneezes began, accompanied by a rush for the door and fresh air with the mercury nearly down to zero. The change cooled the room and the voters. The room was cleared, the remonstrators were beaten, the day was won, and peace restored — all by the opportune placing of red pepper on the stove. Beautifully located on elevated ground in close proximity to the town are the buildings of Elizabethtown College, erected and controlled by the "Brethren" of Eastern Pennsylvania, opened with six students November 13, 1900, and having almost tvv'O hun- dred students the last school year. The distance between EHzabeth- town and Middletown in Dauphin county, terminus of a trolley line reaching out from Harrisburg is about seven miles. Along this stretch is an old tavern, Running Pump, in its day a famous hostelry, Conewago creek arising at Mt. Gretna and Gainsburg near which lived Matthias Brinser, noted in the history of the Dunker church. The tourist will welcome the day when the trolley link is placed con- necting these towns and thus joining together the metropolis and the capi- tal of the state through its ''Garden Spot." The hills to the west of Elizabeth- town are destined to become the Mecca of the Masonic fraternity on account of Masonic charitable institu- tions. Respecting this the Herald of Elizabethtown said in September 1909: "The home site is almost an ideal one in its formation and natural beauty. There are hills and level stretches causing a scenic efifect and breaking the monotony of a view of the site and of which one never tires. Situated on a ridge with the York hills and the Susquehanna visible for fifteen miles to the south, and to the north the Conewago "hills while on an east- ern view the tops of the South Moun- tain can be seen. It is a grand pano- ramic sight — the center of a ridge with a fine view of a radius of at least 15 miles. Situatel on a ridge almost 700 feet above sea-level, the air is always pure. The drainage can be made perfect on account of the rolling land. Then there are six or more springs found on the site, flowing, never-failing and gushing forth from the bowels of the earth, the purest and best water ob- tainable. Few of the other forty sites inspected in Pennsylvania possessed near as many advantages. There is a small stream flowing through this section which can be artificially beautified as well as the springs, or they may be left in their rustic beauty. Then there are woods here and there which far surpass all human efl^orts in the grow- ing of parks — still the latter will be un- doubtedly cultivated and it will add relief to the scenic efl^ect of the whole. Elizabethtown's excellent railroad facilities and its nearness to Philadel- phia and Harrisburg weighed heavily in our favor. The ground chosen for the home is situated on the south side of the Penn- sylvania Railroad aiid embraces about 900 acres of fine rolling land with plenty of water and many acres of woodland. The cost of the property to the Grand Lodge will be about $100,000. This is but the beginning of the expenditure to be made for the institution, and it is expected before the buildings and grounds are ready for occupancy that at least two million of dollars will have been spent." PART IV A Trip to Pretty Pequea TARTING northward from Centre Square and then going eastward, we soon find ourselves on Manor avenue and later entering Lancaster township on the Millersville pike con- structed 70 years ago. The trolley line is on the bed of the noted pioneer horse-car railway connecting the city of Lancaster and Millersville and constructed in 1874. We are rapidly passing the beautiful homes of one of the county's original townships settled by Swiss Mennonites and to a large extent occupied by their descen- dants today. The Bausman machine shops and post office by the same name are soon reached. These remind us of the Bausman family, residents here and extensive land OAvners since 1775, one of whose illustrious sons was the late Rev. Dr. Benjamin Baus- man of Reading, Pa. About a mile be- yond we pass a Mennonite church on the right and presently a road to the left leading to Wabank on the Cones- toga. It was here by the banks of the historic stream that theWabank Hotel was erected at a cost of $60,000. Be- coming the theater of many important events it was in 1858 sold for $9150 after a few years' brilliant meteoric career, to be resold in 1864 for $4000 and conveyed to I_^ititz, Pa., on 100 four horse wagon loads where it Avas re-erected and later destroyed by fire. We now enter Manor township, the scene of some of the most important occurrences in the Indian history of the county, said to be the richest and most populous township of the county deriving its name from Conestoga Manor, surveyed 1717-1718 settled and since occupied mainly by Menno- nites. But we are approaching and pres- ently enter Millersville — in age, past VNABANK HOTEL 24 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW POSTlvEWAlTE S TAVERN the century mark, in population, the principal unincorporated village of the township, in education one of the Na- tion's most noted communities as the home of the First Pennsylvania State Normal School. This renowned insti- tution established April 17, 1855, two 3'-ears before the passage of the Nor- mal School law, recognized as a Nor- mal School in 1859, and thus old enough to have a monument to honor its students who died at the front during the Civil War, has to its credit a total enrollment of 40,000 students, MAIN BUIIvDING, MILEERSVIEEE NORMAL SCHOOL PART IV. A TRIP TO PRETTY PEQUEA 25 almost 3,000 graduates, a library of over 16,000 volumes and property worth over $700,000. If so inclined we may secure a conveyance at ^Nlillers- ville to take a drive on the Safe Har- bor road across the Conestoga past Slackwater, noted for its paper indus- try, southeast about . 2 miles to the home of G. J. Hehl and take a look at the Postlethwait house still occupied, noted as being the place of the first meeting of court of Lancaster county in 1729, situated on the great Cones- toga road in use to this point as early as 1714 and as important in early da3^s Indians by whites, but as all ves- tiges of the town have disappeared we hasten back to resume our trolley trip. Opposite the charming Normal School grounds we take seats on the cars of the Lancaster and York Fur- nace S. R. Company one of the trolley lines of tiie county not owned by the Conestoga Traction Company (not shown on the map) and soon find our- selves cutting across the fields away from the dusty highways down to and across the Conestoga. The rolling and more romantic and wilder aspect A TOBACCO FIEIvD to the community as the Pennsylvania Railroad today. Postlethwait's tavern was at one time near the center of population of the county and impor- tant enough relatively to be a strong competitor with Columbia and Lan- caster for the honor of being the county seat. From this historic spot we may drive several miles south- west to Indiantown, famous as the home of the Conestogoe Indians, as the meeting place for making treaties between whites and Indians and as the scene of an atrocious murder of of nature shows that we are passing a watershed and are . gradually ap- proaching hilly, Martic township, old "Martock" one of the six original townships, which we enter at its northern extremity. In a few minutes we pass through Marticville originally called Frogtown and Martic Forge, the terminus of another trolley line. We are now at the banks of pretty Pequea, in the neighborhood of one of the earliest iron industries of the county. A few steps back the Penn- sylvania Low Grade Railroad crosses 26 SEEING L.1NCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW MARTIC FORGE RAILROAD BRIDGE the Pequea over a bridge about 150 feet above the bed of the stream. The stately buildings by the hillside are remains of past industry and activity. We are delighted with the kaleido- scopic scenery as we follow the banks of the Pequea to its mouth, the gently sloping wooded hillsides, the rocks, flowers, decaying trees, Colemanville with its dam, powerhouse, and neat cottages nestling along the slopes. Presently we pass two bridges, turn a sharp corner to find ourselves view- ing the historic Susquehanna with its bleak shores and rocky bed and at the end of the trolley line at Pequea sta- tion, or Shofif post office. Here we may spend our time fishing, studying the eloquent rock formation, explore Pequea's Cold Cave or take a trip to famed McCall's Ferry dam (a few miles down stream) which when com- pleted at a cost of over $10,000,000 will be 32 to 80 feet high, causing an inland lake 10 miles long, a m'le wide and making possible the development of 100,000 horscDOwer. It has been estimated that in a distance of 60 miles 400,000 horsepower is obtainable from the waters of the Susquehanna. A recent writer has said, "Within a period near at hand lower end farmers will plough, reap, thresh, grind and haul by electric power while their wives will run their sewing machines, mash potatoes, churn butter, grind coffee, milk the cows and rock the the cradle by the same subtle power." One sees visions of electric launches, gently disporting themselves on the bosom of the completed dam, cottages springing up along the banks of the river, pretty Pequea developed with its secluded sylvan nooks shutting out the noise, smoke and nerve strain of modern business, an observatory crowning Mt. Nebo's heights — all reached by a first class trolley line from Lancaster. But we must hasten back, ready for a trio in another di- rection. Back of the hills, about three quarters of a mile from the mouth 'Of Pequea Creek, John McCreary (1733- t8i6) and his wife Rebecca Clark ( t 1819) reared a family of eleven PART IV. A TRIP TO PRETTY PEQUEA 2T children of whose descendants only one representative, Mrs. Nellie j\Ic- Creary Hoopes of Harrisburg, resides in Pennsylvania today. Other de- scendants are found in Kansas, Cali- fornia, Washington and elsewhere. The ancestral home a "stone mansion" is still standing with its two-foot walls, its old-fashioned hinges, its strong and heavy doors, its small panes of glass, its open fireplaces, once the delight and comfort of its erstwhile occupants. We will retrace our course to the trolley junction at Martic Forge where we will take our seats on the waiting car of a most unique railroad doing business only about ten days out of 365 days (during the sessions of the Rawlinsville campmeeting) starting in a hollow, climbing 552 feet in i}i miles, losing itself a few miles away in thorns and weeds in a sparse- ly settled community. The ride is a. most interesting one, new vistas and a widening horizon gradually opening as we mount the hill. On the way we notice to the left a 1200 acre tract of grafted chestnut timber land that will some day yield rich harvests for its owners. We soon pass Mt. Nebo one of the most elevated points in Lancas- ter count}^, the view from which is scarcely surpassed. A few minutes' ride brings us to Rawlinsville, a busi- ness center and probably one of the oldest villages of the township, near which arises Tucquan creek a very noted stream flowing to the Susque- hanna, abounding in picturesc[ue and. beautiful scenery, a veritable natural- ist's hunting ground. Less than a mile beyond we reach the Rawlins- ville Campmeeting Ground noted for the crowds that attend the religious- services each year. RAWLINSVILLE TROLLEY TERMINUS 28 PART V From Quarryville to Lancaster E will transport ourselves to Quarryville, the south- ern terminus of one of the trolley lines, the mOst im- portant and populous town_ south of Strasburg, situated on the southern end of the valley marking the south limit of Lancaster limestone deposits and, at least in early history, of successful fa'rming, and consti- tuting the head of the Chester valley reaching to the Schuylkill river. It seems crowded into the extreme southwest corner of Eden township which was set ofif from Bart in 1855 and was named after Mount Eden. Younger than some of its sister bor- oughs, Quarryville has t h r i v e n through its quarries and through its being the outlet for the trade of a large portion of the lower end of the county due to the completion of the railroad connection with the city of Lancaster in 1875. In addition to this and the trolley line the place is also reached by the heavy-grade, narrow guage Peach Bottom Railroad with its curves and kinks and twists that seemingly would rather go around an obstruction than remove it. To the east of Eden lies Bart set- tled about 1720, founded 1744, named for Governor Keith, Baronet, and noted for its nickel mines. In the cemetery of the Middle Octoraro I^resbyterian church lies buried Rev. John Cuthbertson, the first Reformed Presbyterian minister who preached in America, died 1791 at the age of 75 years. Green Tree Inn, long the township's polling place is a veritable relic of the long ago, named after its c[uaint old sign-board, a tree in full foliage, that saw a 19 acre town laid out around it in 1763 named Smiths- burg, later Thompsontown, which did HOTEL. QUARRYVILLE PART V. FROM QUARRYVILLE TO LANCASTER 29 fVf't^ BIRTHPLACE OF ROBERT FULTON not materialize and of which no ves- tige is to be seen. To the west lies Providence, cut out of Martic township in 1853, an agri- cultural community with its pre- Revolutionary iron industrial history. The story goes that in the Avestern part of the townshi]:) cannon balls were cast during the Revolutionary war which vv-ere hauled to \^'ilming- ton, Del. One day the workmen thinking the English were close at hand — rather than let finished balls fall into their hands, allowed the mol- ten mass to become chilled and thus killed the goose that laid the golden (or iron) egg. To the south wedged in between the Susquehanna and Octoraro lies the southern section of the county originally settled by English and Scotch-Irish, and on account of prox- imity to Maryland the scene o f troubles arising out of the overlap- ping of territorial claims of Pennsyl- vania and Maryland and of the exis- tence of slavery. ' Rolling Coleraine or- ganized 1738, settled and as late as 1758 occupied by Scotch-Irish exclu- sively, like other townships had its iron industries. Little Britain organ- ized 1738 settled by immigration from Great Britain (hence the name Little Britain) could in days past lay claim to the world's most productive chrome pits. In this township lived Joseph C. Taylor who on a sultry September morning in 1844, hatless, shoeless, with gun in hand, at breakneck speed on a relay of fleet, bareback horses pursued, overtook, cowled down and delivered before a local justice a band of slavecatchers hastening to get across Mason and Dixon line with a captive colored mother and her two children. Fulton, carved from Little Britain in 1844, settled in part by Marylanders, uncertain once whether in Pennsyl- vania or Maryland, was named for far famed Robert Fulton, born in the township, painter, mechanical genius, inventor of a submarine boat and the first to successfully realize steam nav- igation. The slate quarries at Peach Bottom, opened a century ago but not now in operation, enjoyed a far reach- ing business in their palmy days. Drumore from which East Drumore Avas cut in recent years, one of the 30 SEEING LANCASTER COILXTY A TROLLEY WINDOW original townships, a Scotch-Irish community, as early as 1770 could boast of a successful first class Latin school. Sickles were manufactured in the township in days of yore that won a national reputation. From this township went forth Captain William .Steele with seven sons to fight free- ■dom's cause in the Revolutionary War. From a humble house and home in Drumore now no more went forth .also three sons of a poor Irish settler to become famous, William Ramsay, the oldest as a divine. David, born 1749, as an eminent historian, Nathaniel, born 1751, as a lawyer, colonel and public official. But we must not linger too long in this hustling town, the birthplace of Hon. W. U. Hensel, and will take our seats in the car and quietly steal -away through the back lots, tempted by the charming outlook northward. We soon pass under the Pennsyl- vania low grade railroad, a monu- ment to men of brain and men of brawn not the least of whom is chief • engineer W. H. Brown, a worthy re;)- THE RAMSAY HOME resentative of a famous family of Ful- ton township. As we leave we notice to our left the ancient, stately and substantial "Ark", successor to the original log house, built 1790 on "Mount Arrarat" by Martin Barr who owned an estate of several thou- sand acres in the community. This the oldest house in the neighborhood, stands a kind of lonely in the midst of quarries and kilns. These with others close by, in use or in ruins, tell their tale of past toil and industry, BIRTHPI.ACE OF HON. W. U. HENSEL, QUARRYVIELE, PA. PART V. FROM QUARRYVILLE TO LANCASTER over 600,000 bushels of lime being burned and hauled away in one year alone (1858). TO STRASBURG A half hour's ride up and down hill along the Beaver creek valley through fields and along the highways past New Providence and Refton bring"s us to the junction with the Strasburg line and to the waiting room at the David Huber switch south of Wil- low Street. We are now in West Lampeter township named after Lam- peter in \A'ales(erroneously said to be the old Boehm M. E. church building erected on his own farm by the cele- brated United Brethren bishop Rev. Martin Boehm and friends in 1791. He died March 23, 1812 aged 86 years and his remains rest in the cemetery close by overlooking the ancestral homestead. Another noted building in this vicinity was the historic Martin Mylin house torn down some years ago. In evidence if the thoroughness used in its construction it may be stated that when the time tried sandsone walls THE HERR HOUSE named after lame Peter Yeordy an early settler), settled by the lierrs, Mylins, Kendigs, Bowmans and others, a township for which the claim has been made, not without good grounds, that if Lancaster county is the garden spot this is the queen of the garden. A quarter of a mile north of us is still standing the celebrated Herr home built 1719, a speechless, eloquent companion of the Postlethwait house of pioneer days on the Conestoga road. A mile south is a structure, historic in the annals of the Methodist church, were removed the old mortar adhered so firmly and well that the stones broke where mortar would not yield. The home is now owned by Respecting this house I. D. Rupp says : "Martin Meylin built (1740) what was then called a palace of sandstone. It was, in 1742, one of the most state- ly mansions of the county; and as the Mennonites were a plain people, and Martin Meylin, an active member, the house was not only considered too palacelike, but the appearance of it might, as they reasoned, strengthen 32 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW their enemies in prejudicing the government against them — they had been virtually charged with disloyalty — 'determined not to obey the lawful authority of government — that they were disposed to organize a govern- ment of their own.' The bishop, Hans Tschantz, with his elders and assist- ance, having repaired to the humble log cottage hard by this "stately man- sion" and organized the meeting, him- self presiding over the deliberations of the assembled. Martin was first questioned, upon conscience, to open- ly declare what his intentions were in ies, it was resolved that Alartin be kindly reprimanded ; to which he sub- mitted — and thus the matter was ended, and all parted as brethren." Resuming our journey, our destina- tion being Strasburg we pass through a densely populated section with smaller, richer, more productive farms and fields, through the village of Lampeter with its narrow street, ■ past Edisonville where in an old grist mill genius and enterprise have har- nessed pretty Pequea creek to electric machinery to become a light bearer to Strasburg, Quarryville and vicin- MAIN STREET, STRASBURG erecting so large, so gorgeous a dwell- ing — reminding him of the rumor some twelve or thirteen years ago ; and lately, of the prejudices excited against the Germans. He stated, he consulted only his comfort, and that he had no sinster views. Next he was reminded that, in their view, the house was rather too showy for a Mennonite. The question was, whether he de- served severe censure, if not suspens- sion, from church principles, for this oversight. After some concessions, and mutual forbearance, by the part- ity. We soon enter ancient, elongated, peaceful, tidy, wellshaded Strasburg unmarred, undisturbed by the smoke and noise and other accompaniments of large manufacturing plants. Stras- burg an old German settlement dating from 1733, incorporated 1816, former- ly known as Bettelhausen or Beggars- town is situated on the "King's High- way" laid out before the Revolution. One may form an idea of its scenes of past life and activity froni' the fact that in place of the three hotels that cater to the public now, at one time PART V. FROM QUARRYVILLE TO LANCASTER 33 THE SHROY HOME (PROPERTY OF PROF. J. I,. SHROY) half a score (one informant says twenty-two) were kept busy. One sees and hears in fancy the heavy, groaning, grinding, rumbHng Cones- toga teams with their proud and skilled teamsters, trailing through the place or stopping at the hostelries. But times have changed. Ttie busi- ness that once passed through the place is no more or has found for it- self other channels. It has a business feeder and outlet in its unique rail- road to Leaman Place on which the combination engineer, fireman, brake- man and conductor will stop his train anywhere for anybody. The schoolmaster has been at work here. Scarcely five per cent, of the conversation is in the Pennsylvania German dialect though the place was MENNONITE MEETING HOUSE, STRASBURG -3-4 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW MARTIN MYLIN HOUSE settled by Germans and only one English speaking family lived in it during the Revolutionary penod. It has had its McCarter's Academy, founded 1839 and enjoying in its day a national reputation, its Squire Mc- Phail, valiant champion of education, its noted public school man Thomas H. Burrovk^es. Sons of hers like Rev. Dr. Duffield, Dr. B. F. Shaub, Prof. G. W. Hull, of Millersville, Prof. John L. Shroy, of Philadelphia, have brought fame to the place. One of her daughters was the mother of Simon Cameron. The story goes that at one time ex- cavations were begun looking to the erection of Normal School buildings to be abandoned again however, per- haps according to an authority be- cause farmers feared midnight raids on their orchards by the students. Strasburg lays claim to the honor of having sent the first petition to the State Legislature in favor of general education leading to the adoption of the public school system. It has its historic Lutheran church of colonial style housing one of the oldest organs in the county. Turning our faces cityward and tak- ing the smoke pillar to the northwest as our objective point, we pass through Lampeter and Willow Street across the Pequea and Mill Creek and in less than an hour find ourselves crossing the Conestoga at Engleside. To our left is the Engleside power house capable of developing 8000 horsepower and supplying power to the Traction Company and many pri- vate consumers. We are now near the head of navi- gation of the Conestoga, reaching from Reigart's landing about 2 miles up stream to the Susquehanna, a dis- tance of more than seventeen miles, proposed 1805, accomplished about 1828 and abandoned over 40 years ago. The river was made navigable by means of nine dams and locks. The pools produced varied in length from one to three miles, in width from 250 to 350 feet; the lifts from seven to nine feet; the locks 100 feet by 22 could accomodate boats and rafts 90 feet long. In spite of the checkered career of the enterprise the river for a time saw a great amount of business, fourteen rafts and arkloads of coal and lumber for example arriving at Lancaster in one day in 1829. But the universal law of change destroyed all this business. Going north on Queen street on our way to Center Square, we see the stately and humble, the new and old in close proximity as in other parts of the city. To our right we notice three cemeteries — Greenwood, opened with- in recent years. Woodward Hill, 1850, Zion, 185 1. A little farther on we pass the Southern Market House back of which are situated St. Marys R. C. Church, Academy and Orphan Asylum closely linked and coeval with the history of the city of Lancas- ter. Not far distant on South Prince street is the celebrated house erected over thirty years ago from excava- tions up ready for occupancy in ten hours by Dr. Mishler of proprietary medicine fame. A minute more and our car stops at the square. 35 PART VI A Trip to the "East End" In preparing this sketch ' we have freely used among other sources, "The Picturesque and Historical East End" compiled by Hon. W. U. Hensel. Where the language has been reproduced quotation marks have been in- serted. — Ed. F ALL these picturesque routes, none is more beautiful than — nor any so interesting from a historical point of view, as— the road which leads from Lancaster City to the Borough of Christi- ana, on the limits of the county, where it joins Chester. This line is about nineteen miles long, and tra- verses a region through which some •of the oldest highways passed ; a large part runs by the Philadelphia and Lancaster turnpike, the earliest mac- adamized road in the United States." "Starting up North Queen street, it turns east at' the P. R. R. passenger station, passes over Chestnut street to the city limits, and reaches the old turnpike at a point near the city reser- voir. County Prison, Hosoital, Work House and Almshouse. The county prison is a fine specimen of feudal architecture. It was planned by Havi- land the famous jail architect of the period 1859-60. At Lancaster, Eng- land, one is confronted by its proto- type. The memorial bronze lion and fountain on the grounds of Reservoir BLANCHE NEVIN FOUNTAIN COURTESY LANCASTER BOARD OF TRADE Park are the gift to Lancaster City by Miss Blanche Nevin, painter, poetess and sculptress, a tribute to the memory of her father, Rev. John Williamson Nevin, D. D., the greatest theologian of the United States in the middle of the XIX century." "Immediatel}^ south of the junction of the city and suburban line lie the fc ^ '1 «»^^ 1 1 1 ^ : ^ L l^^^^i S8I^^S^^< »"r*^ & 1 £*-" 1 HV 1 ,2 PENNSVEVANIA K. R. STATION "COURTESY LAXCASTER BOARD OP TRADE 36 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY A TROLLEY WINDOW THIRD COTTNTY PRISON (ERECTED 1851) noble cluster of brick buildings which comprise the Stevens Institute, a technical and training" school for friendless boys, regardless of color, founded on a bequest of Hon. Thad- deus Stevens. The fine farm around the public institutions belongs to the county; the almshouse, with the broad, placid Conestoga far below its south front, occupies one of the most eligible residential sites around Lan- caster." "Descending the long hill which leads to the creek, by groups of beau- tiful suburban homes, an exquisite park to the right of the track is seen extending far to the south. The Conestoga is crossed upon an bridge of concrete and iron, which the passenger obtains a view up and down the stream." "During the War of the Revolution, this spot on the river was known as 'Deering's Ford,' and it was almost open from COUNTY HOUSE AND ASYLUM COUBTESY LANCASTER BOARD OF TRADE PART VI. A TRIP TO THE "EAST END" continuously thronged with the pas- sage of wagon trains and herds of cattle, destined to the army quarter- master, marching and returning troops and other military movements. Here the American Congress forded the water in 1777, when it hastily moved from Philadelphia to York, via Lancaster, holding one session here." "The magnificient nine-arch stone bridge, which carries the turnpike across the stream, was the enterprise of Abraham Witmer, a public-spirited citizen, who, in 1795, obtained the Legislative charter enabling him to erect it and to charge tolls until such time as he was recompensed or the county bought it; which it did in 1817 at a cost of $58,444.41. The beauty and endurance of this structure have commanded encomiums from archi- tects and engineers." It is a monu- ment to the solidity, honesty, disin- terestedness of the county's earlier citizens. The bridge bears the follow- ing inscriptions : ERECTED BY ABRAHAM WITMER MDCCXCIX— MDCCCI A LAW OP AN ENLIGHTENED COMMONWEALTH THOMAS MIFFLIN, GOVERNOR, SANCTIONED THIS MONUMENT OP THE PUBLIC SPIRIT OP AN INDIVIDUAL 61 M TO P THIS BRIDGE WAS BUILT BY ABM. WITMER AND MARY, HIS WIFE, AND COMPLETED IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 1800. "The miniature railroads to be seen running down either bank of the stream, convey passengers to. Rocky Springs and People's Bathing Park — two notable recreation resorts", hav- ing direct trolley connection with the city. "A little further down the wind- ing Conestoga are Indian Hill, Wil- iamson Park and 'Rockford' long the country seat of Gen. Hand, aid-de camp to General Washington, and Lancaster's most famous Revolution- ary soldier." Immediately east of the bridge is the Bridgeport hotel probably built 1758-1760, once a famous stopping place for Pittsburg wagons, the center of a land boom in 1819 when lots were laid out and disposed of but the hopes were blasted. The roads fork- ing here, we follow the turnpike leav- ing to the left the "Old Philadelphia Road" laid out 1730, the shortest route between Lancaster and Phila- delphia and known for 60 years as the great road of the county, the famous turnpike on which we travel not hav- ing been finished until 1794. About two miles east of Bridgeport there branches off from the Old Philadel- phia Road the "Horse Shoe Road" which was laid out in 1738 to connect- the town Lancaster and Coventry Iron Works on French creek and along which sprang up "Heller's Church", New Holland, Blue Ball, Bangor, Churchtown and Morgan- town. About a mile beyond Bridgeport we get a good view of the county seat 1 1 P i N 1 m i ^^ "" -" 1. ^m^^ ■1 m MM m 1 H WITMER S BRIDGE •OOtlBTESY LANCASTER BOAED OP TEADE 38 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW profiled against the sky with its steeples, stacks and pipes and present- ly pass Mellinger's Meeting House, a place of public worship since 1757, attached to which is the oldest grave- yard in the township, surveyed and reserved as a burial place long before the church was built, the resting place of the remains of pioneer Palatines and their descendants. We now enter East Lampeter, one of the wealthiest and most populous townships of the county, settled about 1720, organized 1841, but originally a part of Lam- peter laid out 1729, a district without great landscape beauty or rich manu- factories, devoted to agriculture in- cluding truck farming. "Just east of the junction with the 'Strasburg' pike three miles from the city a stone viaduct carries the road- way over a ravine, which attests the substantial construction of public work years ago. Another strong and handsome arched bridge spans Mill Creek at Greenland, and near the breast of the-millpond, to the right, a group of buildings, formerly known as Eshleman's Mill— the birthplace of Col. B. Frank Eshleman — now houses the Yeates School, a notable Episco- pal academy for boys, founded by Miss 'Kitty' Yeates, a daughter of one of the earlier justices of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania." A half mile beyond there stands an old dwelling house, on the south side, for many years the 'Running Pump' hotel now George Brubaker's property, where man and beast may still slake their thirst at the ceaseless fountain. We presently reach the summit of a hill affording a splendid view. "It takes in immediately and in the nortli'est foreground, the Splendid 'Mill Creek Country' with the stately rows of Lombardy pop- lars in the center of the scene, that indicate the way from 'Gibbons' Mill' to Bird-in-Hand and far away, a road to Ronk's. Thence are spread out to the patient tourist's eye the great expanse of Eastern Lancaster county, from the Furnace Hills on the Leba- non border far northward, to the Mine Ridge south, with the Welsh Mountains in the middle distance, eastward, and back to the clustered spires of Lancaster, forming the western sky line. Chestnut Hill, far on the sunset side, comes into view and frames the western border of the scene as the car reaches the top of the hill. Away to the north and northeast are Witmer, Bird-in-Hand and Ronks, marked by stately trees." I n 1749 Friends re-erected i n Bird-in-Hand a log meeting house which had been originally erected in Leacock in 1732 and which was dis- placed by the present brick meeting house erected in 1790. This was built around and over the old log building which, on the completion of the new building was taken out log by log through the door. Migration thinned out this meeting over 50 years ago and made it the parent of the flour- ishing Illinois meeting. The Bird-in- Hand hotel which has preserved its original name to the present is one of the oldest stands in the couti'.y hav- ing been the headquarters of the first surveyors of the old road in 1734. Four buildings have been erected suc- cessively upon the same site and the same cellar walls. Prior to 1862 when the Reading and Columbia Railroad was built, Bird-in-Hand was the ship- ping station for the northern section of the county. Not unlike other sec- tions it has seen business come and go a number of times. For about a mile we pass through the borders of the Amish section with its quaint characteristic customs, dress and colors on buildings. At the Amish school house near Soudersburg one may see the children of these primitive people in their unique uni- forms. "Plalf a mile to the north a group of Lombardy poplars mark and hide the old Steele mansion, where George Whitfield, the English evan- gelist was a guest one hundred and fifty years ago, and where dwelt the collector of the Port at Philadelphia, PART VI. A TRIP TO THE "EAST END" 39 under President Madison, Captain John Steele." We now approach Soudersburg where Hattel Varman built the first house 1727 and Friends conducted meetings prior to 1732. We notice to our right a Methodist church of his- toric significance as marking one of the earliest Methodist settlements in the county, services being held here as early as 1791 and a house of wor- ship erected in 1802 replaced by a new building in 1872. Passing a fine brick- farm house on the hill near which the Pequea, died 1716 and was buried in Carpenter's cemetery selected by herself and located near the center of her possessions a mile south of the village of Paradise. Her descendants are counted by thousands among whose illustrious names are those of Gen. J. F. Reynolds, Admiral William Reynolds and Admiral W. S. Schley. To the left yellow tenements come to view belonging to the "Park" seed and flower farm. A short distance be- 3^ond also on the left side is an impos- ing three story brick dwelling, the HISTORIC HOUSES BV THE WAY stands a giant balsam poplar brought as an ox "wattle" from Virginia in 1812 and the scion of numerous pro- geny in the neighborhood, we soon cross the Pequea on a fine stone arch bridge and enter Paradise township, organized 1843 — ^ ^^'^^ fertile undulat- ing agricultural section. La Park, Paradise and Leaman place are now before us, bordering the old turnpike for several miles. The first settler in Paradise town- ship Avas Mary Ferree, a French PTu- guenot who came to the county in 1709, a widow with six children. She acquired 2300 acres of land south of summer home of Hon. C. I. Landis, President Judge' of the Courts of Lan- caster county. iAt the east end of Paradise is a beautiful house a part of "Oak Hill," the estate and home of Hon. J. Hay Brown, one of the historic mansions of the county, bui-lt 1817 by Di. John S. Carpenter, owned subsequently by prominent families and at one time the seat of a select school for girls. Close by is a two-story brick building formerly Parad'se Academy and later a soldiers' orphans' school. . Across from Judge-Brown's west gateways is a Presbyterian church erected 1840 an 40 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW offspring of the Leacock Presbyterian church situated a few miles north on the "old road" and a mile west of In- tercourse in Leacock township. This congregation, regularly organized 1 741, worshipped for a time in a log house erected 1739 which was re- placed by the present building in 1759. The congregation was connected with the Pequea church for a time and served by its pastors among whom was the celebrated Rev. Dr. Smith of whom we will speak later. As we proceed we notice far to the southeast on the summit of the wooded Mine Ridge, "a pile of brick, which, 'grand, gloomy and peculiar' dominates the landscape. It capital- izes the summit of the "Great Divide" in Lancaster county, separating sub- stantially the 'Upper' and 'Lower' ends — the limestone and the barren lands, the light and heavy timber, the German - Swiss Palatine sects and 'plain people' from the Scotch -Irish Presbyterian, Quaker and Baptist — it indicates an absolute differentiation in social, political and religious life, different ways of living and different ways of thinking." "The lofty iron and brick chimney 'stack' on Mine Ridge, to be seen for so many miles around, is a relic. The lands immediately about it were de- vastated, long years ago, by noxious fumes from the smelting ores. Copper was mined here before the Revolu- tion; and nickel, with profit, at a later period." The late proprietor Joseph Wharton reaped a fortune here. In Leaman Place a railroad village, the junction of the unique Strasburg railroad is a spacious mansion, the Leaman homestead, from which four notable sons went forth. ''Charles Leaman a Presbyterian Missionary in China; Henry and Rosh are eminent physicians in Philadelphia and Wil- liam (deceased) was the most intel- lectual personage of his generation at the Lancaster Bar." After crossing the stream beyond Leaman Place the country seat of Silas Eshleman is passed on the left hand side. "To the right and south of the trolley line, along the base of the Mine Ridge, lie the famous 'Lon- don lands," a large tract taken up nearly two centuries ago by a London company — whence London run and London Grove tavern of earlier days. On the picturesque "Wolf Rock" road, which leads across the hill, is the site of the grist mill, distillery and hemp mill built by Frederick Wise in 1760." "The imposing manor PART VI. A TRIP TO THE "EAST END" 41 house, which crowns the hill on the left, inside a wooded lawn is the house of Mr. N. Milton AVoods. President of the First National Bank of Lan- ter, and one of the many rich men of the count}^ This splendid house was built b}^ Dr. I.eaman — preacher, phy- sician and professor at Lafayette Col- lege." Just north of- Rotary Station, at Wil-' liamstown;' is a hilT top from which, with a strong' glass and vi\-rd imagina- tion, on a clear day, one can see 'the whole thing' from Compass to Swatara, having glimpses of Chester, Berks, Lebanon, Dauphin and Yoik, and overlooking half of Lancaster county." From AA'illiamstown to Gap the trolley line leaves the turnpike giving us a better chance to study the fields with the varied crops. A short dis- tance beyond the thriving young vil- lage of Kinzer we enter historic Sal- isbury township, embracing the u})- per end of the Pequea Valley en- closed by the Welsh mountains on the North and the Aline and Gap hills on the South meeting on the East. "The fine farm which sweeps along ' the hillside for nearly half a mile is the ancestral country seat of Mr. P. Eckert Slaymaker, president of the People's National Bank and Trust Company and one of the most effi- cient projectors of the Lancaster and Eastern line.'' Hon. W. U. Ilensel's "Bleak House" to the right, rioted for its many social gatherings and hospitable entertainments has among its curios three well preserved famous Revolu- tionary tavern signs — " Grapes," "Three Crowns" and the cocked "Hat." -Half a mile farther on we pass a farm "house built about 1790, rendered notable by mantels of stucco and of Delft tiles, such as have not been made for one hundred and twenty years, and by a blue and white marble tiled pavement forming the basis of a pillared porch, 70x14 feet. These it is rumored, were originally shipped to President Washington, for Mount Vernon, by him declined and sold for freight in New York, bought and erected here" by Jasper Yates a justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. Hon. Amos Slaymaker, ENTR.\NCE TO BELI.EVUE PRESBVTEKIAN CHURCH 42 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW a member of Congress built the stone mansion to the right of the trolley line as it returns to the turnpike famous as the " Slaymaker stage tavern and also "White chimneys" now the "possession and home of Samuel R. Slaymaker, lock manufac- turer and one of Lancaster's most successful business men." As we ap- proach Gap we pass the Kennedy, K a u f¥ m a n and Ellmaker farms, famous "Rising Sun" tavern, "Sunny- side," "Pleasant View" a popular summer boarding house, and historic Bellevue Presbyterian church. Gap "has been a place of consider- able importance ever since the first settlement of the Pequea and Cones- toga Valleys. It was situated on the main thoroughfare, leading from the landing place at New Castle, Del., to the new settlements to the westward and one dav's journey from the for- mer place, and consequently it was the stopping place over night of the large parties of immigrants from the Emerald Isle and from the valleys of the Rhine. Here in the Gap are the traditional Penn Rock, Penn Spring, and the Shawnee garden and the bed of the old Indian reliquiae from which fifty-seven cart-loads of coal and ashes were hauled out in the year 1873. That Willian Penn visited the Gap in the year 1700 while on his journey to Conestoga, there cannot be any doubt." Salisbury township, lying northeast of Gap, deriving its name from Salis- bury, England, surveyed about 1700, settled 1710 having but a few resident landowners in 1720, organized 1729. was in its early history a stronghold of Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, Episco- palians and Quakers. As in other sections of the county the Germans have gradually spread over the town- shio and acquired the farm land. The Pequea Presbyterian church was organized about 1724. The first meeting house built about u years later was located in the present bur}^- ing ground of the church about a mile north of White Horse village (Pequea postofifice) on the old Philadelphia road. One of the most noted minis- ters of this church was Rev. Robert Smith, born in Ireland 1723, con- verted 1738 under the preacliing of Whitfield, ordained 'and installed over the Pequea and Leacock churches IMarch 25, 1757, a relation only sev- ered l3y his death in 1793. Ke con- ducted a Latin school in connection with his ministry of which Hon. W. v. Hensel said in an oration : here PART VI. A TRIP TO THE "EAST END' 42 WILLIAM PENN SPRING "a great part of the clergy of this State received the elements of their education or perfected their theologi- cal studies." One of Smith's pupils, John AlcAIillen, became the apostle of Presbyterianism in West- ern Pennsylvania, founded Jefferson College, and from a log cabin in Washington, sent more young men into the ministry than any other in- dividual on the continent before the days of Theological Seminaries. From the loins of that same Robert Smith sprang a son, John Blair, who became President both of Ham;)den Sidney and Union Colleges, and that eldest son, Samuel. whose 'birth he reverently chronicled as "asked of God," lived to become Professor of Moral Philos- ophy, reorganized Princeton College when the incidents of the Revolu- tionarvWar has disoersed its students and faculty, married Withersooon's daughter and succeeded him in the Presidency." Leaving Gap "the road makes a steep climb to get over the ridge." The clock tower and the memorial over the Penn Spring are soon reached and passed. "Down the New- port pike, wdiere Stoltzfus's pink barn now refreshes the e3^e, was the 'iHen- derson tavern' of Colonial times, across the fields, to the southwest was the famous Bailey printery until 1815. Francis Bailey, who did the printing for the Continental Council, and whose presses turned out Avagon loads of 'shinplaster' currency, pub- lished the Freeman's Journal. We soon pass into Salisbury the first settled and earliest organized township in Lancaster county and parallelling the Pennsylvania Rail- road in a few minutes reach "Chris- t'ana, a tovv-n of nearly 1000 popula- tion, w'th the best 'sidewalks in the countv."' The land on which it stands was granted to twenty-one ser- vants so-called, who, having served their masters to the end of their term of service, were, under the provincial laws, entitled to fifty acres of land each : hence it was known as the "Ser- vants' Tract." At the time of the building of the Pennsylvania Rail- road, in 1852, not a half dozen build- ings stood on the present borotigb 44 SEEING LA.N'CASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW site. The place was named Chris- tiana for Christiana Noble, the wife of William Noble, by whom the place was founded." "The name Christiana is associated with an ante-bellum event scarcely less known in political history than was killed, his son badly wounded, the federal deputies-marshall dis- persed and the fugitive escaped to Canada. Scores of negroes and a half dozen sympathetic Quakers were taken to Philadelphia to be tried for treason, the eyes of the, country were GAP CLOCK TOWER John Brown's raid and the Harper's Ferry riot. In September, 1851, the first blood shed in the United States in resistance to the odious fugitive slave law was along the "long lane" leading from the State or Valley road to the Noble road about a mile west. Gorsuch, the Maryland slave owner. for a time focused on the scene of the memorable 'Christiana Riot.' It de- termined the election of a governor, and the course of Pennsylvania poli- tics for some years." Christiana also marks the birth- place of one of America's most emi- nent professors, physicians, surgeons PART VI. A TRIP TO THE "EAST END" 45 THE OLD SADSnURY FRIENDS MEETING HOUSE and authors the late D. Mayes Ag-ncw, M. D., LL. D., of Philadelphia, Pa. Salisbury township was settled by Friends and Scotch-Irish, Presbyter- ians, the first land being located in 1691 by John Kennedy, probably the first to be located in Lancaster county. A log meeting house was built * by the Friends about a mile north of Christiana in 1725 which was replaced by the present stone struc- ture in 1748. This house had orig- inally galleries, was once on fire, once burnt down, served as a place of worship by the Amish for a time and is used now only on funeral occa- sions. Here at the county's borders our trip must end! We might by way of Coatesville and West Chester con- tinue our trolley trip to Philadelphia or traverse the lower end of the county by taking any one of a num- ber of possibilities before us. "South- ward, along the Octoraro on the bor- der lands of Chester and Lancaster county, one can travel by murmuring brook, placid pool, dashing torrent and foaming waterfall, through wooded gorges, to the INIaryland line, amid forest, meadow, dairy and farm scenery such as art has striven to cc|ral in Fairmount and Central Parks and Nature has not surpassed along the A\'issahickon or the Hudson." .iftJ^ ;LD " XtlOT HOLSe' PETE WOODS AND S iM HOPKINS (wiTH THE ( i TWO OF THE COLOHED PARTICIPANTS. CHRISTIANA RIOT HOUSE 46 PART VII A Trip to Terre Hill F T E R going north on Queen street and east at the Pennsylvania Rail- road depot we turn a few right angles until we reach New Holland ave- nue, the beginning of the New Holland turnpike the historic higliAvay to Blue iJall in- corporated 1810 and completed 1825. As we proceed we shall notice pres- ently to our right, the buildings of the Lancaster Cork Works and at a dis- tance a standpipe crowning the east •end of the city ; to the left are located Lancaster and St. Alary's cemeteries in use about 60 and 50 years respec- tively and the 1000-foot building of the Lancaster Silk Mill. We now notice the two branches of the Pennsylvania Railroad converging and, passing under a bridge of the •one, the Cutoff line, we presently reach at the McGrann farm the Ross- mere suburban tracks leading north- ward to Rossmere, the ball grounds and returning to the city by way of the stock yards. We are now in Manheim, one of the ■original townships with boundaries but slightly changed, a rich, produc- tive, slightly undulating farming sec- tion lying between the two Cones- togas. We shall say more of the township on our Lititz trip. We turn away from the turapike to the right at Eckerts or Eden Hotel near the village schoolhouse, made conspicious with its yellow .and lilue colors, cross the Conestoga and after a short detour through the fields re- turn to the pike at Zook's Corner. In crossing the stream we orobably no- ticed the Eden Paper Mills to our left at a neat iron structure, Binkley Bridge, the original of which ante- dated by a few years historic Witmer Bridge. At Zook's Corner we notice the McGrann poultry farm to the left and presently to our right on a pleas- ing and prominent eminence the braiik McGrann residence. THE ORIGINAL BINKLEY BRIDGE Binkley Bridge was probably the first stone bridge in Lancaster county. It cost about $17,000 and brought its originator into straitened circum- stances. Pie was not aHowed to make it a toll-bridge and eventually trans- ferred the bridge to the public. It was damaged by a freshet in 1857 ^"^ torn awav in 1868. We cross the upper end of East Lampeter township and enter Upper Leacock. Our road, running along a ridge, the water-shed between the Con- estoga and Mill Creek, affords most of the time charming views reaching to a hazy distance — Furnace Hill, Ephrata Hill, Brecknock Hills, Welsh Mountain being in sight most of the way to Terre Hill. PART VII. A TRIP TO TBRRE HILL STREET SCENE, INTERCOURSE, PA. Among" the early settlers of Upper Leacock, formed out of Leacock in 1843, were Jacob Bushong, who set- tled near Heller's church the ancestor of a numerous, widely - scattered family, Emanuel Carpenter, himself noted and the head of a noted family, on whose land according to tradition the county's first court was opened to be later' adjourned to Postlethwaite's place. Hans Good who acquired in 1734, 300 acres of land lyirig between Bareville and Mill Creek which he sold ten years later to Andrew Bare ancestor of the Lancaster book firm. Bare & Sons. Hans Graf who in seek- ing lost horses found Elysian fields which he settled 1718 now known as Groff's Dale. Isaac LeFevre son-in- law of the widow Madam Ferre and others. Leacock, lying southeast of LTpper Leacock, is with it an Amish settle- ment in a rich agricultural commun- ity, crossed near its center by the old Philadelphia road. Its most impor- tant village is Intercourse, 5 miles to our right, formerly known as Cross Keys, the name of its hotel, built it is said, in 1754. The change of name was made in 1814 when a landowner. George Brungard, in an unsuccessful venture, laid out a village of over one hundred and fifty lots which were dis- posed of b}^ lottery. About a mile west of Intercourse is the historic Leacock Presbyterian church, to which reference was made in a previous article. As we approach Mechanicsburg we notice about a mile south on elevated ground Heller's church, built i860 and ofiicially known as Salem church. It occupies the site of an original small log structure with seats of slabs and a floor of bare ground, the earli- est Reformed church in Lancaster county. According to a paper in the cornerstone, "This congregation was founded in the year 1722, by a num- ber of German Reformed fathers. The first house was built in 1722, re- paired in 1802, rebuilt and enlarged by the same congregation. "The Luth- eran church held services here also un- til they built their own place of wor- ship in the village in 1838. Mechanicsburg, clean and peaceful, is the chief village and business cen- ter of the township over a century old and so named 60 years ago on account of the mechanics its machine shops 48 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW drew to the place. P'rom this point past Leola and through Bareville our ride takes us through a rosary-Hke chain of attractive homes. Bareville named after its first settlers can point with pride to the Bareville Trustee As- Welsh Mountains made famous by the notorious Abe Buzzard gang whose haunt was at Blue Rock 4 miles southeast of New Holland, a stigma happily removed by the labors of the Mennonite Industrial Home near Alt. Airy. X^ear the rotary sta- tion we get fuller views to the East. South and West and notice also the tracks of the Lancaster and Downingtown R a i 1- road, completed t o New Holland about 1876 and to Lancas- ter, 1890. At tary station serve our from This Peters from the ro- we ob- a road crossing tracks obliquely the southeast. is the historic road leading White Horse NF.W HOLLAND SCHOOL HOUSE AND STREET SCENES sociation, known as the Bareville Lit- erary Society, organized 1843, incor- poraLed 1849. which has had a strong moulding influence on the community. To our right we notice wooded ris- ing ground, the western end of the near Spring^arden, past S p r i n g V i 1 1 e, across Mill Creek at Huber's Mill, consti- tuting the pike for a short distance and then turning north- ward toward T a 1- mage and beyond. A short distance beyond the rotary station we enter Earl township, one of the original townships of 1729, so named in honor of Hans Graf the busy clatter of whose mill cheered the neighbors when the county was founded. Nearly all vestiges of the mill, o n c e the objective primitive roads, which junction of the Cocalico miles north- decades ago. point of the stood at the and Conestoga, several west of us disappeared Not far from this place is Hinkletown on the Paxtang road, named after PART VII. A TRIP TO TERRE HILL 49 George Hinkle who was licensed to keep a tavern there before the Revo- lution. A part of the place was for- merly known as Swopestown on ac- conut of the Swabians (Swopes) liv- ing- there. NEW HOLLAND New Holland, (a name suggestive of Hollander settlers) variously known also in its earlier days as Earl- town, Sau Schwamm, and New Design, a thriving, elongated, well-located borough, housed along a sin- uous street and the oldest, largest and most important town of Earl township,, was settled in 1728 by John Diffenderffer, (ancestor of historian Frank R. Diffenderf- fer) laid out in 1760 and incorporated i n 1895. One imagines the Conestoga teams threading their way amid the trees, stumps a n d around the mud puddles. The effort t o straighten out and level the road as indicated by the old houses, at times hugging the road and under the proper level, has not been fully successful, will not be — why should it be, since a quaint charm and attractive- ness is afforded not otherwise obtainable. The place is prosperous and rejoices in its silk mill and iron industries. Time was when a justice of the peace who was also a member of the Colonial Assembly would walk bare- foot from New Holland to Lancaster and sit shoeless as a member of the Justices' Court. Times change,. New Holland may point with pride to the movement organized in 1786 under the leadership of Rev. ^Melz- heimer, aided by one hundred and thirty-three original subscribers be- sides other contributors, to establish an English and German free school which was kept up until displaced by the Public School System. T h e house in which Ex-Congressman Isaac C. Hiester was born is still standing NEW HOLLAND CHURCHES on Main street opposite Brimmer ave- nue. Another noteworthy house is Roberts Folly a three story double brick building erected by ex-Congress- man and former U. S. Marshall A. E. Roberts. Among New Holland's illustrious sons were Dr. Diller Luther and Dr. Martin Luther for more than fifty 50 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY A TROLLEY WINDOW years t^^'0 of Reading's prominent men and Congressmen Isaac E. Iliester and A. E. Roberts. But we must not fail to take a look at the two historic church buildings on the north side towards the east end of the town. The Lutheran church records go back to 1730, the first entry probably being made by Rev. John Casper Stoever. In 1744 four acres of land were acquired on which a church building of logs was erected, replaced by a stone structure in 1763 Avhich was remodeled in 1802 and itself o-ave the orderly arrangement, the close cropped, velvet}^ green, covering walks, graves and unoccupied ground. There is quite a suggestive con- trast between the condition of the cemeteries with their words and em- blems of Christian hope and the ap- pearance of a few graves in a family burying ground a mile or more to the north with their neglected weed cov- ered unsightly stones glorying in man. Beyond New Holland our attention is drawn to the hilly landscape we are approaching, shut off for a mo- ment to be spread out in minuter de- HOME 01' MISS BLANCHE NEVIN way to the present building in 185 1. The Reformed church record dates from 1746, but services were probably held prior to this. The congregation worshipped in the Zeltenreich church building about 2 miles southeast of New Holland until the present build- ing was erected in town in 1799. The centennial of the structure was marked by a remodeling in 1899. The cemeteries of the two churches adjoin and together form one of the loveliest rural burying grounds of the county with the gentle northern slope. tail as we cross the ridge and de- scend the gentle slope to Blue Bail — a ten minute ride from New Holland. This noted spot, situated at the junc- tion of the old Paxtang and Horse- shoe roads, so named on account of the blue balls of its hotel sign dating back to 1766 was already widely known prior to and in the Conestoga wagon era. Traffic from Lancaster, Harrisburg and beyond passed through on its way to Morgantown, Downingtown and points eastward. Residents of the place have not for- PART VII. A TRIP TO TERRE HILL 51 gotten that the historian Sydney George Fisher once confounded Blue Ball with another place and inciden- tally cast discredit upon it. We are now in East Earl founded 185 1. Beyond to the east lies Caer- narvon one of the original townships settled prior to 1730 by the Welsh (hence the name) the home of busy scenes in the height of its iron indus- tries. The iron works in operation here prior to 1750 occasioned negro slavery and also drew white workmen into the neighborhood among whom were two prosperous brothers James and W^illiam Old. According to tra- dition James engaged as woodchop- per, a young Irishman, Robert Cole- man who was diligent in business and won the heart of his employer's daughter Ann Old. This union laid the foundation of the celebrated Cole- man family of Cornwall. It is here that the Conestoga rises, called creek by some though "river'' would be more appropriate in view of the fact that, according to historian Diffenderfifer, fifty of the most noted streams in history are of less volume. A t Churchtown resides Blanche Nevin the noted sculptress and daughter of Rev. Dr. J. W. Nevin, in the old ancestral homestead of the Windsor property previously the Jenkins estate and home of Congress- man Jenkins. TERRE HILL Resuming our trip we leave the road at Blue Ball and make a bee line for Terre Hill, through Weaverland, settled by the Webers, Martins, Wit- mers, Nissleys and others. To our right on an eminence are the church buildings and cemetery of the Weav- erland IVlennonite church, one of the largest congregations of this faith in the county. We gradually descend to the Con- estoga after crossing which on an iron bridge we climb about 158.7 feet in a distance of 7664 feet to the terminus of the line on Main street of Terre Hill, the youngest borough of the county, known in its early history as Fairville the first houses of Avhich were erected about 70 years ago. To get our bearings we will take a walk to and over a knoll west of the town to find hill and vale, hamlet and cone;stoga \klx,%y looking south from churchtown 52 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW BRIDGE ACROSS THE CONESTOGA NEAR BLUE BALI, town, forest and farm spread before us like a vast panorama. New Hol- land, Blue Ball, Goodville, Church- town are soon located with the Welsh Mountains as a background. Turkey Hill and Center Church, Bowmans- ville in the valley, Stone Hill hiding Adamstown from view. Eohrata Hill at the foot of which lies historic Dun- kertown, Hahnstown, Hinkletown, Brownstown hill, Millway's Smoky Pillar, the hills forming the county's northern boundar}^ pass in review be- fore us — even the church steeples of the city of Lancaster are discernible with glasses on a clear day. In this territory, Swiss and Swa- bian, Palatine and Ouaker,Welsh and Dutch toiled shoulder to shoulder to lay the substantial foundations of our country's greatness. What an in- spiration thrills us as in fancy we en- ter the homes of the pioneer dwellers of the region, share their homely joys, their strenuous toil, their hopes and fears, their simple li^-es, their priva- tions, their gratitude. The rich farming section reaching from Blue Ball to Hinkletown and Iv- ing between the New Holland pike and the Conestoga once furnished an Indian hunting ground, covered with scrub oak which was burned over each vear. The hillsides and hill top once covered with chestnut sprouts and dotted with distilleries are n o w marked with productive farms, a campmeeting grove, a thriving bor- ough Avith pleasant homes, churches and schools. The story is told that once a much abused, long suffering wife of the hillside called on a neighbor a distil- ler on Sunday morning, showed him the bruises on her bare back and said, "This is what I get for the stuff you give my husband on Saturday." The distillery was closed and the distiller heloed to build a church. Brecknock township, lying to the north of Terre Hill, and quite hilly, has been called in parts Die Schweitz the Switzerland of the county. It was originally settled by the AA^elsh who gave it its name. The township has its rugged moun- tain scenery and curious rock forma- tions like The Devil's Cave and the PART VII. A TRIP TO TERRE HILL 53 Rock Cellar and during the Revolu- tionary AVar afforded a hiding place for those who tried to escape militia service. If time allowed we might go to Bowmansville and listen |-o some of the tales of pioneers in the commun- ity, of John Boehm who during the Revolutionary War left divine wor- ship on Sunday to pursue horse thieves whom he overtook, attacked with a piece of broken fence rail and left in triumoh after recovering the horses — of Elias Leinbach, brush- maker and repairer of clocks who in 1850 made his vigorous though unsuc- cessful fight against the adoption of the public school system. But we may not linger here and re- trace our steps to the trolley station and return to the junction at Mechan- icsburg bound for Ephrata and Adamstown. BANGOR p. t. CHURCH, CHURCHTOWN 54 PART VIII A Trip to Ephrata and Adamstown EAVING the well kept waiting room with its neat surroundings at Me- chanicsburg we start on a 30 minute trip through the fields to Ephrata, the trolley line apparently avoiding centers of popu- lation along the way. We pass in a few minutes Centre Square near which to the left the Center Hotel did business in former days — the Browns- town and Farmersville road is crossed about midway betwen the two thriv- ing, hustling, business rivals. We pass the Conestoga Valley Park at the crossing of the Conestoga and at Dia- mond Station, the stopping place for Akron a thriving town on the hill half a mile away showing its enterprise by constructing a substantial walk from town to trolley. Avoiding the steep grades of the hills about us we wind around and at the well known Cocalico Hotel turn into the main street of historic Ephrata where we leave our car for a stroll through the town. We follow Main street down to the narrow, humped arch stone bridge erected over a hundred years ago spanning the historic Cocalico to the cloister buildings of the Seventh Day Baptist Society. As we approach these sacred grounds, world renowned for various activities that ceased a hundred years ago, we see a vision pass before us covering well nigh a century; John Conrad Beissel, immi- grant baker, religious enthusiast and superb leader, seeking a recluse's soli- tude, to be joined by admiring follow- ers ; men and women tilling the soil besides building humble cottages, and stately cloister buildings, paper, saw, flour, fulling and oil mills in which their increasing numbers find employ- ment, the crude printing press kept busy making half a hundred books (some heavy tomes) and continental money, the inmates of both sexes pale BIRD S EYE VIEW OF ADAMSTOWN PART VIII. A TRIP TO BPHRATA AND ADAMSTOWN 55 EPHRATA, PA EPHRATA SCENERY EPHRATA CLOISTER BUILDINGS 56 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW and emaciated, noiselessly moving about (barefooted when the Aveather permits) in their strange white capu- chin dress of cowl and gown, male and female scarcely distinguishable at a distance. One sees men and women retire at night to their separate houses through the narrow hallways to their dingy cells with low ceiling, limited space, creaking doors with wooden hinge and latch, walls covered with strange and elegant German script, to meditate or sleep on their wooden benches and pillows. benefit by the bountiful products of the hand, head and heart of this strange communistic life and activity. According to Rupp, "The community was a republic, in which all stood upon perfect equality and freedom. No monastic vows were taken, neither had they any written covenants, as is common in the Baptist churches. The New Testament was their confession of faith, their code of laws, and church discipline. The property which be- longed to the society, by donation, and the labor of the single brethren and STREET SCENE IN ADAMSTOWN One can hear the busy hum of their Saturday Sabbath School meetings, their midnight services. We see American troops coming and taking away printed sheets to be fired after the British in freedom's cause and soon thereafter half a thousand wounded soldiers brought here from the disastrous battlefield to be ten- derly cared for and finally restored to health or carried away to their last resting places in Mount Zion ceme- tery. We see the growing countr3^'s leading men making pilgrimages hither to show their respects or to sisters, was common stock; but none was obliged to throw in his own property, or to give up any posses- sions. The society was supported by the income of the farm and grist mill, paper mill, oil mill, fulling mill." But historic reverie must give way to the mute reminders of these scenes. We will stroll through the cemetery by the roadside and read the inscrip- tions of tombstones, examine the buildings with their speechless though eloquent contents, pay our homage to the sacred soil of the hillside marked by a stately shaft costing PART VIII. A TRIP TO BPHRATA AND ADAMSTOWN 57 $5000, erected by the state under the auspices of the Ephrata Monument Association, bearing these among other words: "Sacred to the memory of the patriotic soldiers of the American Revohition who fought in the battle of Brandywine, Sept. 11, A. D., 1777. About 500 of the sick and wounded were brought to Eph- rata for treatment. Several hundred died who were buried in this consecrated ground." Retracing our steps and passing along Main street of the orderly, thrifty bor- ough we notice to our left "Ye Village Inn" erected 1777, modern- ized by paint and renovations. To our right is the Eagle hotel, occupying the site of a pre-Revo- lutionary hotel at the intersection of the historic roads between Downingtown and Harrisburg and between Reading and Lancaster. For a time the place was known as Dunkertown on ac- count of the Baptist Societ}' and then Gross' Corner. Continuing our way across tne rail- road to the summit at Mountain years, we get a "panoramic view of unsurpassed beauty to the northwest." The tourist will long for an observa- tory on the summit of the mountain to take in the wide expanse of rural scenery to the east, south, west and northwest. One gets an idea of the growth of Spring House, a noted resort for sixty BIRDS EYE VIEW AND MAIN STREET, REAMSTOWN the place by comparing the present populous and substantial borough with the condition in 1854 when there were only eleven houses from this re- sort to the old stone bridge. After the proposed trolley line from Ephrata to Lebanon by way of Clay and SchaefTerstown is built the trolley tourist will have a convenient oppor- THE OLD HISTORIC MUDDY CREEK CHURCH 58 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW tunit}^ to study Elizabeth, Clay and West Cocalico tevvnships : for the present we retrace our way to the waiting room in the old stone house and resume our trip to Adamstown. The line takes to the fields away from the old historic highwa^^ along" which in days of yore the country's leading men travelled to and fro be- tween Washington and the East by way of Easton, Reading, Lancaster and York. We presently pass a Reams homestead with the old well and neatly built farm house close by which across a run rest the remains of the Reams ancestors. REAMSTOWN After a fifteen minute run we reach Reamstown, early name Zoar, a his- toric spot once the metropolis of this section of the county, the scene of many battalion drills, abolished 1846. The place, settled by Everhart Ream 1723, laid out by his son To- bias in 1760, was important enough to have a number of hotels prior to the Revolution. The Union church was erected 1817 the people previously worshipping at Muddy Creek. On the site of the Odd Fellows' Hall once stood a hotel, the Continental House, used as a i-.ospital after the battle of Brandy wine in 1777. Of those that died here, most if not all lie buried in the cemetery adjoin- ing the church edifice. Less than two miles away is Denver, a clean, enterprising young borough owing its birth and growth to the Reading and Columbia Railroad. About 2 miles northeast we pass the historic Muddy Creek church, a union church dating back to 1730 about which time the first house of wor- ship of stone was erected. The third and present building was erected in 1847. The schoolhouse close by is but one of the many speechless wit- nesses that the early fathers did care for school as well as church. The cele- brations held each year by the Union Sunday School of this organization are known and spoken of far and wide. A short distance beyond the Muddy Creek church Schwartzville is passed and Adamstown borough on the county line soon comes to view where our trip will end at the junction with the Reading Trolley System affording trolley connection with Reading, Al- lentown and Easton, Pottstown, Nor- ristown and Philadelphia. ADAMSTOWN Adamstown was laid out in 1761 by William Addams, a n Englishman married to a Ger- m a n girl, the great-great grand- parents o f Hon. James Addams Beaver, Ex -Gover- nor and Judge. The place was in- corporated in 1850. The chief indus- tries of the place have been hat fac- t o r i e s, tanneries and distilleries. The place is pleas- antly situated along the hillside, the schoolhouse crowning the town, from which an abundance of pure sand- stone water flows. One of the noted sons of the place is P. M. Musser, of Iowa, who has remebered his pa- rental home by. a neat chapel in the cemetery overlooking the valley. The tourist may well wish for a necroman- cer's skill to make pass before himself the noted men, who by stage coach and other conveyance entered the county at this point on their way to the nation's capital at Washington. But we must leave this charming, historic place, old in years but young in spirit and enterprise, to return to busy Center Square ready for another trip. p. M. MUSSER MEMORIAL CHAPEL 59 PART IX A Trip to Manheim and Lititz TARTING north from Centre Square we turn a number of corners until we strike Duke street along which we travel northward. We presently cross James street, lead- ing to the Franklin and Marshall College Buildings on College Avenue. A few squares beyond Ave reach Ross street and the Lititz pike. About two squares to the east of us stands, a monument erected in recent years, marking the site of the home of George Ross, a signer of the Declara-. tion of Independence. Liberty, the next street we cross, marks the city line where we enter Manheim township. We now approach the bridge across the Cutofif Railroad, close by which to our right are the Union stockyards. We shall probably in crossing over the bridge see heavy freight, mail or passenger trains speed b)^ without passing through the heart GEORGE ROSS MONUMENT of the city. The railroad as originally laid out ran outside the city. Some "bitterly opposed the construction of UNION STOCK YARDS 60 SEEING LANCASTER COUNTY FROM A TROLLEY WINDOW the railroad throug-h the city. The masses however demanded it and had their way." The agitation began in 183 1 to procure the alterations of the route of the railroad "so that the same may pass through the city." The building of the road was completed in 1834 at a total outlay of about $60,- 000, the estimated cost. According to Hensel. "The entire cost of the rail- way through Lancaster city was not as great as a single bridge on the new low-grade road across the Pequea ; and all the land damages paid i)etween on the original historic road passing through Landis Valley, Oregon, Eph- rata and Adamstown to Reading, Eas- ton and beyond. Oregon, about six miles from Lan- caster on this road was settled in 17 17 by Jacob Baer who built the first mill and whose son started the first tavern in the neighborhood. The place was formerly known as Catfish on account of the good fishing. The place was named Oregon at the time the Oregon question was before Congress. The graveyard adjoining the Union church CEMETERY AT OREGON Big and Conestoga bridge and Diller- ville on a line crossing a dozen strets was scarcely a tenth the amount assessed for cutting a single farm be- tween Christiana and Ouarryville a few years ago." After passing the stockyards we no- tice to our left half a dozen squares or so, the largest linoleum plant in the United States and beyond the Frank- lin and Marshall College buildings piercing the skyline. A scant half mile beyond the stock yards we notice a road branching ofif to the right. This is the Oregon pike is one of the oldest in the county out- side of Lancaster. Our route lies along the Lancaster and Lititz pike past lovely homes in a rich farming section to the rotary station where we turn to the west on the Manheim branch to resume the trip to Lititz at this point later. We now make our way, partly through fields, partly along highways through a rich, undulating farming section of East Hempfield to East Petersburg, on the Manheim turnpike about 4* miles from Lancaster. This homelike place has passed the century PART IX. A TRIP TO MANHELM AND LITITZ 61 -._iS».._>^*",-S»-»iSi: i ROTARY STATION NEAR NEffSVlLLE mark in age, a store and hotel having been erected here prior to the year 1800. We zigzag through the clean and charming place, fearful at times that the tracks might lead us over somebody's front yard or back porch so closely do we skirt the sidewalks at places. Beyond East Petersburg, we pass through an ideal farming section, for a time parallelling the Reading and Columbia Railroad. We speed along the turnpike over rising ground to the crest where we pass the Kaufifman Mennonite meeting house to soon find a characteristic Lancaster land- !teii)i^iiCiyjd'>ii^*zti,&a^-Sim'i»^^ ^>c^s!. ^^^- ~. ,^-fc:=! ■< ,- ■ - ^ ^ '■" T ^ ■"^"J itB X - ' ^ ■n ' ^j %i^Jt.- ._jj" y^^^^s """""""""" lli Ej^l % TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH COURTESY LANCASTEB BOARD OF TRADE One copy del. to Cat. Div. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 209 601 8 M^'M^