Book - /} /^^Zcic T RATED. 7o ^\ The Elstner PublishingCo 'rr. Springfield.M/vss. ^Xi" >i I "1 AN D >^ M^E S SOIV, Manufacturers of SPHIX(ilMELl)MASii '"i*" INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. A CONCISE RESUME OF THE NATURAL FEATURES AND PAST HISTORY OK THE COUNTIES OF HAMPDEN, HAMPSHIRE, FRANKLIN, # BERKSHIRE, THEIR TOWNS, VILLAGES, AND CITIES, TOGETHER WITH A CONDENSED SUMMARY OF THEIR INDUSTRIAL ADVANTAGES vf DEVELOPMENT, AND A COMPREHENSIVE SERIES OF SKETCHES DESCRIPTIVE OF REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS HOUSES. TO WHICH IS PREFIXED A SHORT CHAPTER ON THE COMMONWEALTH AT LARGE. SPRINGFIELD, MASS.: THE ELSTNKR PUBLISHING COMPANY. l8qo. ' f\lsTS5 /V<\tt of S/irimrfif/il Prititini; atiii Riniliii^ Coiiifi/iny. PREFACE. SOME keen observer has said that "brevity is the soul of wit." A fit- ting emendation may be formulated in the words, condensation is the grand secret of conveying instruction. Diffusiveness too often defeats its own object. Prolixity may be justifiable in the case of those annalists who have at their command unlimited time and space in which to review and particularize unimportant facts — a condition which does not apply to the compiler of such a work as this, necessarily confined to generali- zation^ the crowding of great events into a line and the history of centu- ries into a paragraph. The labor of preparing for the press the present little volume has been much greater than is apparent upon the surface, and consisted not so much in the actual amount of writing done as in the comparison of authorities, the securing of data, and the winnowing of the chaff from the grain. This task has been conscientiously performed, and the narra- tive part of Inland Massachusetts Illustrated will be found clear and concise, suited to popular reading and to the purpose in view — that of describing in the fewest possible words the country, the villages and cities, the public institutions, the industries and attractions presented to those who seek advantageous opportunities for the investment of capital in productive enterprises as well as the topographical and climatic beau- ties sought by the tourist for pleasure or instruction. Incidentally our pages bear witness to the energy and indomitable public spirit of a people who have by sheer force of genius and hard work made the four western counties of Massachusetts the fairest and in some respects the most prosperous region of New England. We have spared no exertion to render our work complete and accept- able. If any individual or community has been slighted, the blame rests not with us. In conclusion, we desire to return thanks for the encouragement and patronage extended us by many prominent gentlemen, firms, and compa- nies, a few of whom may be mentioned, viz. : Hon. H. S. Hj'de, Smith & Wesson, R. F. Hawkins, the Agawam Bank, and others of Springfield ; Hon. William Whiting, the Holyoke Water Power Company, and others of Holyoke ; Gen. J. L. Otis, the First National Bank, and Hon. A. G. Hill of Northampton ; the Berkshire Life Insurance Company and Pittsfield National Bank of PittsfieUl ; Hon. Byron Weston, J. B., Zenas, and W. M. Crane of Dalton ; the Adams National Bank of North Adams, and many others whose names are familiar at home and abroad. CONTENTS, PAGES MASSACHUSETTS 7-16 THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY 17-19 HAMPDEN COUNTY 20 City ok Springfield. 21-38 Springfield Representative Houses 39-95 Brightwood 96, 97 Indian Orchard 98,99 West Springfield 100-102 Agawam 102 \Vestfield 103-113 Fairfield 11 4-1 15 HoLYOKE 116-144 Chicopee 145 Chicopee Falls 146-151 Palmer 1 52-1 56 MoNSON 157-165 Chester 262 HAMPSHIRE COUNTY 166, 167 Northampton and Suhurps 16S-187 Huntington 1S7 Williamsburgh 188 Haydenville iSS Easthampton 189-193 Amherst 194, 195 \Vare. ... 195 FRANKLIN COUNTY 196 Greenfield 196-201 Turner's Falls 202-205 Shelburne Falls 206,207 Erving 208, 209 BERKSHIRE COUNTY 210-214 Pittsfield 214-235 Dalton 235-239 North Adams 240-248 Adams 248-256 Lee 256-260 Great Barrington 261 INDEX ... 263-269 ADVERTISEMENTS — 2cl, 30], and 4th pages of cover, and 261, 269, 270, 271, 272 MASSACHUSETTS. THE STATE AT LARGE— TOPOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE— A BRIEF HISTORICAL SYNOPSIS. T~'HE eastern coast line of Massachusetts is about 300 miles in length, ^ one-half of which belongs to Cape Cod; but the actual breadth of the State from the southeast to the northeast corners in a direct line is only ninety-five miles. Extending forty miles almost due northwest from near the entrance to Buzzard's bay to the vicinity of Shepardsville in Norfolk county runs the boundary line of Rhode Island, extending thence due west twenty-one miles to the Connecticut line near East Thompson. From thence eighty-seven miles to the town of Mount Washington, Berk- shire county, Connecticut forms the southern boundary. Thence the line extends forty-seven miles a little east of north along the eastern boundary of New York to the Vermont State line, which it follows in a direction slightly south of east to the Connecticut river and the boundary of New Hampshire, forty miles. For sixty miles further, to within three miles of the Merrimac river, it follows the same general course, thence running in an irregular northeasterly course to the sea at the southeast corner of New Hampshire. The average width of the State west of a line drawn through the towns of Wrentham in Norfolk and Dracut in Essex is forty- seven and a half miles, while the distance from Rhode Island along the line of Norfolk on the north and Plymouth and Bristol counties on the south to the sea is thirty-five or forty miles — the State having somewhat the shape of a boot. Cape Cod and the island counties of Dukes and Nan- tucket forming the broken and dilapidated toe, Bristol and Plymouth the instep, Norfolk and Middlesex the ankle, Essex the heel, and Worcester, Hampden, Hampshire, Franklin, and Berkshire the leg. The soil of Massachusetts is not as a general thing fertile, though in some portions of the State excellent crops of maize, rye, potatoes, and market vegetables are produced. Tlie surface is more or less hilly and rocky everywhere, save along the water courses, and in the west the ele- vations approach the dignity of mountains, the loftiest eminence being (jreylock mountain in northern Berkshire, the top of which is more than 3.500 feet above the sea. The rough countr}' west of the Connecticut river is a continuation of the Green and White mountains. Among their most prominent features are Mounts Tom, Holyoke, and Nonotuck, in the vicinity of Holyoke, and the Berkshire hills, the latter bordering the Hudson river valley on the east and forming the connecting link between the (ireen mountains and the Catskills. Wachusett mountain in Wor- cester county, an unliving sentinel of the White mountains, rises to a 8 INM.AM) MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. height of 2,0 1 8 feet. The liills to the eastward diminish in magnitude we approach the coast, and though numerous are of small consequeni except in the case of the Hkie liills of Xcjrfolk and the country ne Cape Ann in Essex. Much of the land (jf Middlesex, Essex, and Norfol and nearly all of Bristol, Plymouth, Barnstable, Dukes, and Xantuck counties, and Martha's \'ineyard are quite level, sandy, and sterile, as a the Elizabeth islands. The coast abounds with inlets, harbors, and bays, alternating wi rocky headlands. Massachusetts bay (from which is taken the soi/l>n'SACHLSKirs ILIAS I RA'l El). suffered terrible liardships and i)rivati<)ns llie first winter, and ere the summer of 1621 arrived forty-three of the original one hundred and two had found rest in the waters of the harbor or under the sands of the coast. The sturdy spirit of the survivors was undismayed, however, and they continued to labor at building homes, clearing the forest, tilling the soil, and perfecting their government, making treaties with the Indians that were rigidly observed on both sides, and i)rospering as they deserved, increasing in numbers and wealth as the years went by, and maintaining a distinct and sejKirate governmental existence until 1692, when Plym- outh became incorporated as a part of the great colony of Massachu- setts Bay, established by " The Council at Plymouth in the county of Devon (England) for the planting, ordering, ruling, and governing of New England in America," under a patent granted to certain noblemen and others in the same month that witnessed the arrival of the Pilgrims in Cape Cod ba}'. That neither king nor council, nor for that matter the recipients, had any conception of the extent of North America is shown by the terms of the patent, which guaranteed to the grantees all that territory on this continent from the fortieth to the forty-eighth de- grees of north latitude, which includes all the territory lying between lines running due eiist and west from the Atlantic to the Pacific and ex- tending in width from the New Jersey coast on the south to the Gidf of vSt. Lawrence on the nijrth. The charter was vacated in 1635, after the company had disposed of most of its lands to the various companies and individuals interested in colonization. Plantations or settlements were begun in 1622 at Weymouth, in 1624 at Cape Ann, and in 1625 at Mount WoUaston, but bad management and Indian difficulties led to their early abandonment. A patent was granted March 19, 1628, by the Plymouth Company to Sir Henry Rosewell and associates, conveying to them a strip of land which in width extended from three miles south of Charles river to three miles north of the Merrimac and in length "from the Atlantic to the South sea," and the ensuing summer the Cape Ann colony, which had removed to Salem, came under the control of a new company organ- ized under that grant, of which John Endicott was governor. The royal charter to the territory thus acquired was granted March 4, 1629, creat- ing Rosewell and his associates a corporation under the title of the (Gov- ernor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England. Seven- teen ship-loads of colonists, among them many people of consequence, arrived from England in 1630. Of these John Winthrop, the new gover- nor of the company and subsequently governor of the colony, was the most prominent figure. New settlements were soon afterward estab- lished at various points, of which the most important were those of Charlestown, Newtown (now Caml)ridge), Matapan (now Dorchester), Roxbury, Shawmut (now Boston), Nantasket (now Hull), Mystic (now Medford), Lynn, and Winisimmet (now Chelsea). At the first general court, held at Boston, October 19, 1630, the freemen were empowered to choose from their own number the assistants pro- vided for in the charter, and the latter to choose from among themselves the governor, deputy governor, and assistants, who should make the laws and appoint the other officers. This was the first attempt ever made in this country to establish representative government, and though, like all new experiments, the system was crude and required much subsequent amendment, it is substantially the same that supplied a foundation for the governmental fabric of the State and nation in later times. The Puritans, refugees from their own country because of religious persecu- INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. I3 tion, Stern, uncompromising, fanatical in upholding liberty of conscience for themselves, came to America for the purpose of founding a state the corner-stone of which should be absolute adhesion to their peculiar ten- ets, the creed in which they sincerely believed, and they had no toler- ance for any other form of worship. Honest, earnest, hardy, yet narrow, they determined that no interloper sliould share with them in the work to which they devoted themselves, and consequently made communion in their church the first. test for all who would aid them in the construc- tion of a civilization dependent for its very existence, as they imagined, upon the fashioning of each individual conscience upon an unvarying model. It must not be forgotten, however, that these men lived and many of them were notable actors in an age when civil and religious lib- erty was neither known nor practiced, when men's minds were just emerging from the gloom of the middle ages, when might made right, when the sword was the universal arbiter, when the thunderings of the prophets rather than the teachings and example of the Redeemer formed the staple texts of pulpit disquisition, and they unquestionably acted for the best according to their light. Members of their own church only were permitted to exercise political functions, and they banished from their borders with rigorous severity any and all who refused to accept their interpretation of the Scriptures or otherwise proved obnoxious. Among those thus banished were Roger Williams, excluded in 1634, sub- sequently one of the founders of Rhode Island ; Rev. John Wheelwright, banished in 1637 ; Mrs. Anne Hutchinson and her followers, and the Quakers, expelled in 1656 and following years. The emigration from England to the colony increased rapidly in the years 1632-3, many eminent men coming over. The general court — the germ of the House of Representatives — became an established institution in 1634. The Pequot war, brought on by acts of bad faith on the part of certain whites and growing jealousy of their power on the part of the natives, broke out in 1636, resulting in the humiliation of the red men, after a struggle of more than a year, during which many colonists lost their lives, others their dwellings and live stock, and all suffered severely,, but for forty years thereafter peace reigned between the races in New England. A change of government in the mother country by which the Puritans and their allies obtained power caused emigration to cease by 1640, and not a few of the 21,000 who had come over returned. The famous colonial federation, by which Massachusetts Bay, Plym- outh, Connecticut, and New Haven joined hands for mutual protection against the Indians, the French, and the Dutch of New Amsterdam, was formed at a conference in Boston, and continued until 1684, when the Massachusetts charter was revoked by royal authority and the govern- ment was vested in the Council of New England. The first compilation of laws for Massachusetts Bay was made by Rev. Nathaniel Ward and adopted in 1641, was styled the " Body of Liber- ties," and reduced the number of capital offenses from one hundred and fifty in England to twelve in the colony — a long step in the direction of reason and mercy. The colony began the issue of silver coins in denomi- nations of threepence, sixpence, and a shilling in 1652. But while the whites were thus planting and reaping, building and trading, preaching and praying, a terrible storm was gathering. The Indians had gradually obtained and perfected themselves in the use of fire-arms and otherwise prepared themselves for a renewal of the struggle of 1636-7. The most capable of their leaders was Philip, king of the 14 INLAND MASSACHL>1. 1 1> ILLUSTRATED. Pequots, through whose inlluence and statesmanship the various New Enghmd tribes were united, and in 1675, all being prepared, the long- expected (jutbreak occurred and a bloody war of a year's duration ensued which ended only with Philip's death at the hands of an assassin. Six hundred whites fell in this war, thirteen towns were destroyed, and 600 houses were burned. The fiercest engagements occurred at Swanzcy, Brookfield, Iladley, Deerfield, Xorthaniinon, Lancaster, Medfield, Wey- mouth, Groton, Springfield, Sudbury, and Marlborough, Mass., and War- wick and Providence, R. I. We have already referred to the abrt)gation of the Massachusetts Pay charter in 1684. Joseph Dudley, president of the Council of New England, took possession of the government in May, 16S6, and in the fol- lowing December arrived Sir Edmund Andros, commissioned by the king governor of all New England save Connecticut. The people, however, C(Mnplained of his unjust harshness and oppressions, and on the accession of William and Mary to the throne in 1689 he was removed. A year later, in retaliation for outrages perpetrated by the French and Indians along the northern frontier, the New England colonies dispatched an army and a rteet against the Canadian French — an expediticni that accomplished nothing. The consolidation of Plymouth with Massachusetts Bay was the principal event of 1692, and the same year witnessed the outbreak at Salem of that peculiar phase of mental delusion, a belief in witchcraft, the cruelties and follies incident to which, extending over many months, have formed the basis for many a gruesome tale. Twenty alleged witches were put to death that year, and a few before and afterward; but, after all, the sin and shame bore no comparison to that of England, where 30,000 miserable wretches were hanged, burned, and drowned. Indian depredations were resumed in 1704, when Deerfield was sur- prised, forty men, women, and children slain, and one hundred carried away as prisoners. This outrage was known to have been instigated by the French, then at war with lingland, and in 1707 the colonies of Massa- chusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island sent an armed expedition against l\>rt Royal, Nova Scotia, but nothing was accomplished. Three years afterward — in 1710 — another attempt was made, backed by an En- glish fieet.and the fortress capitulated after a stout resistance. The next year an attempted capture of Quebec failed, and in 17 13 peace was de- clared. Colonel Samuel Shute was made royal governor of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, and remained in office for six years. Peace and prosper- ity reigned for a period of thirty-one years — 1713 to 1744 — when England and France again became involved in hostilities, in which the Canadians took an active part, fitting out privateers at Louisburg to prey upon the colonial fisheries. It was determined to stop these depredations if possi- ble, and a small army of 4,000, raised in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, assisted by a fleet of English ships, besieged Louisburg in May, 1745, forcing the garrison to capitulate June 11. Peace followed in 1748, only to be again broken in 1754, when a war of eight years' dura- tion ensued, ending in the conquest of Nova Scotia and Canada by troojis principally from Massachusetts. The territory thus acquired is still held by England. In 1765 commenced the series of annoyances and tyrannies that culmi- nated in American independence. The arbitrary acts of certain royal governors had already engendered a widespread feeling of dissatisfac- tion, when, March 22 of that year, the infamous Stamp Act passed tlie INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. I5 British parliament, tlie object being to ff^xe a tax from Americans upon all paper, vellum, and parchment used in the colonies. The opposition was instant and general; all classes were united in antagonism to this and similar attempted oppressions, and the measure was repealed the next year. A second act was passed in 1767 designed to lay an import tariff on numerous articles brought from abroad, but this also met the same opposition, in which Massachusetts led, and the duty was reluctantly removed from all commodities but one — tea. This temporizing policy only added fuel to the fiames of resistance, and the famous Boston tea part}' was the result, followed by the quartering of British troops in the town and the suspension of civil authority. Things went steadily from bad to worse until in 1774 the port was closed and the government trans- ferred to Salem. General Gage took control in May as provincial gov- ernor and commander of the royal forces, and perpetrated so many outrages in the name of the king that popular sentiment not only in Massachusetts but in all her sister colonies was wrought up to a white heat and only awaited concert of purpose to inaugurate a conflict. The various legislative assemblies adopted resolutions of svmpathy and sup- port, and a conference called together at Philadelphia, September 5, attended by eminent representatives from all the colonies, organized as the Continental Congress, resolved against the importation or exportation of merchandise from or to Great Britain, and took measures to enforce them. Events followed each other rapidly, and the fires of rebellion smouldered everywhere, ready to burst forth at any moment. The people associated themselves together, formed militia companies, pro- vided munitions of war, subscribed money, and urged their leaders to organized resistance. Independence was as yet scarcely thought of, but there was a fixed purpose to maintain their rights as free-born subjects of the crown, and for the restoration of all their privileges. The first actual collision occurred in April, 1775, when British troops sent from Boston to destroy certain military supplies belonging to the colonists were met by militia and citizens, and on the 19th a series of skirmishes ensued at Concord and Lexington in which several were killed and wounded on both sides. The British retired to Boston, but the country was now thoroughly aroused, and reinforcements were rapidly collected in the vicinity of Boston with the object of driving the royal troops from that city. Charlestown was occupied. Breed's hill fortified, and on the 17th of June occurred the ever-memorable assault by the British troops and men-of-war in the harbor, in which the Americans, though forced to withdraw, proved their willingness and ability to cope with the much- vaunted British regular. The battle of Bunker Hill had been fouglit and lost, but the raw militia had gained an experience that proved on many subsequent occasions of more value than an easy victory in their lirst engagement could have done. Washington arrived in July and took command; reinforcements were brought up from every direction; fortifications were erected, and the siege began in good earnest. The British sailed away to Halifax in March, 1776, and the scene of war shifted further south. The part played by Massachusetts in the seven years' war that made the United States a free nation forms a brilliant part of the history of those times. The State government, founded upon a written constitution, was organ- ized in 1780, while the revolution was still in progress. Shays' ridiculous little rebellion, involving Worcester and Hampshire parties, started in resistance to the forcible collection of debts contracted between 1776 and l6 INLANIJ MASSAC HUSKTTS ILLUS IRATKl). 1 783, occurred in 1786. One man was killed in its suppression. The war of 181 2 was a serious blow to Massachusetts interests, and was not very generally indorsed. The civil war, 1861-5, gave her an opportunity to retrieve her reputation for patriotism, and she contributed liberally with men, money, and brains to its successful prosecution, sending to the front no less than 160,000 effectives out of a population of 1,250,000. Agriculture, fisheries, the mechanic arts, manufactures, and commerce engage the attention of the masses, while the educational institutions of the State rank with the best in the world. Public works of every kind are liberally supported, as are the public schools, from which the ranks of intelligent citizens are constantly recruited. Nor are the mental and physical training of her young men and women monopolized to her own exclusive advantage, since the statistics show that many hundred thou- sands of her brightest sons and daughters have emigrated and continue to remove annually to the newer and less crowded commonwealths and territories south and west, where their acute minds and skillful hands are employed in the building up of local and national wealth and power. The influence of the Old Bay State thus exerted is beyond computation and increases year by year. The following table is compiled from the census returns of 1885, and presents the totals of capital (including credit capital), product, and hands employed for all industries, and for each of the fifteen leading manufacturing industries of the State: — i.\nusTRu:s. cathal. product. hands. All industries $500,594,000 $674,634,000 379.398 15oots and shoes 34,313,000 114,729,000 64,858 Huilding 11,292,000 39,801,000 27,873 (.'lothing 12,399,000 32,659,000 '^'395 Cotton goods. 118,947,000 61,425,000 60,132 Food jirei^arations 20,832,000 80,488,000 11,518 Furniture .. 9,313,000 12,716,000 8,190 Leather 12,258,000 28,008,000 9,228 Machinery 24,743,000 20,365,000 '4.644 jNIetallic goods 33,194,000 41,332,000 -4,-33 Paper 21 ,979,000 2 1 ,223,000 8,620 Printing, bookbinding, etc . . 10,554,000 16,552,000 9.950 Dyeing, bleaching, etc 16,191,000 15,880,000 8,601 Rubber, elastic goods 10,893,000 12,638,000 6,469 Woolen goods 29,095,000 31,748,000 i>*^.970 Worsted goods 10,706,000 11,198,000 7,963 Other industries 1 22,977,000 133,864,000 79.754 Tlie subjoined figures, from llic census of 1S85, exhibit tin- increase of capital invested in manufactures since 1865, value of product, and com- parative product during each period of five years: — \- ,,. I' „•. 1 • .1 \' 1 c \ L Proportional product \ ear. Capitalnivested. \ alue of product. ' , , '.^ , ' ' to >i of capital. 1865 *93.3'^5.S49 5271,959,122 $2.91 1870 201,634,345 482,082,305 2.39 1875 -5-.396,>77 528,867,823 2.10 1880 303,806,185 631,135,284 2.08 1885 407,581,920 674,634,269 1.66 THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY. T^HAT portion of the Connecticut valley lying in Massachusetts aver- ^ ages about forty miles in width, and from Vermont and New Hamp- shire on the north to Connecticut on the south is forty-nine miles in length, Worcester county lying on the east and Berkshire county on the west. This territory, the most fertile and picturesque in the State, em- braces the greater portion of the counties of Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden between north latitude 42° and 42° 45', and longitude 3° 52' and 4° 5' east from Washington. The population of these counties, ac- cording to the census of 1885, was : Franklin, 37,500 ; Hampshire, 48,472; Hampden, 116,764. Hampshire was an original county, erected May 7, 1662, and at that time included a portion of the present Worcester county and all of the territory of the colony westward to the Dutch possessions, now New York State. Since then the counties of Hampden, Franklin, and Berkshire have been carved out of her limits and her entire eastern tier of towns transferred to Worcester county — the latter occurring by act of the provincial general court taking effect July 10, 1731. Berkshire county was organized by the same authority, July 30, 1761. Franklin was erected by the Legislature, June 24, 181 1, and Hampden February 20, tSi2. Worcester county forms the eastern and the New York State line tlie western boundary of all. Franklin adjoins the States of Vermont and New Hampshire on the north ; the Connecticut State line forms the southern limit of Hampden, and Hampshire lies between Hampden and Franklin. The topography, climate, and scenery are referred to in our chapter on Massachusetts. The aboriginal inhabitants of this continent south of the St. Lawrence, north of the Alleghanies, and east of the great lakes were divided into two powerful nations — the Iroquois of Central, Northern, and Western New York, and the Algonquins, who occupied the country to the east- ward of the Iroquois, and between ttie Hudson and the Atlantic. The Iroquois were the most intelligent, warlike, and powerful, but the Algon- quins, owing to their isolation, were comparatively strong and secure, though they were subject to occasional incursions from the Mohawks, a tribe of the Iroquois whose home was on the Mohawk river in New York. The Algonquin nation or family was subdivided into numerous small tribes, each with its distinctive name and habitat^ as the Nijiissings of the Ottawa river ; the Abenaquis and Montagnais of the St. Lawrence, and several scattering bands near the Saguenay ; the Et-et-Chemins at the mouth of the St. Croix ; the Taratines of the Penobscot, Saco, and Piscataqua ; the Pennacooks of southeast New Hampshire ; the Massa- chusetts, whose hunting and fishing grounds were along the great bay ; IS IM.ANJ) .MAh>Al IlL M-. 1 1> ILLUSTRATED. the Wampanoags of the east shore of Xarragansett bay ; the Xansets of Cape Cod ; the Xarragansetts and Xvantics on the west shore of Xarra- gansett bay, in Rhode Island ; the Pecjuots, living between the Xarra- gansetts and the Thames river ; the Mohicans on the east bank of the Connecticut, and the Xipmucks of Central Massachusetts. A small branch of the Algonquins, called the Agawams, occupied the present site of Springfield and vicinity, cultivated the adjacent meadows, and claimed ownership of the lands along the river on both sides between Enfield and South Hadley Falls. They had a strong fort on Long hill, a mile and a half south of Springfield, and were prepared to defend themselves against their red enemies, but fled when menaced by the whites under Majors Treat and Pynchon after the burning of Springfield, October 5, 1675. The Woronoaks, related to the Agawams, lived on the present site of Westfield and were famous hunters of beaver. The Xonotucks made their home on both sides of the river from South Hadley F'alls tf) Sugar- loaf mountain. They fled on the outbreak of King Philip's war. The Pacomptucks, warlike and enterprising, roamed the Deerfield river val- ley and adjacent hills, cultivated much corn, and laid claim to vast terri- tory. They retired to the Hudson, near the Hoosac, after King Philip's war. The early settlement of the Connecticut valley in Massachusetts may be said to have resulted from secession, for it is apparent that William Pynchon, the leader, becoming disgusted with the fanaticism that disfig- ured the times and the strait-laced Puritanism of the authorities of Massachusetts Bay, determined to remove from the scene of persecution and found a new settlement where more liberal views might develop. At any rate that was the outcome of the movement. For several years the settlement was supposed to be within the jurisdiction of the Connecticut colony, and was represented by delegates to the Hartford general court. A dispute between Mr. Pynchon and the Connecticut authorities led to an investigation that showed the real status of the settlement, and the pioneers cpiietly resumed their allegiance. In 1631 three Indian chiefs made their way through the wilderness to Boston and hospitably invited the whites to come and settle upon the Connecticut. It was not until two years afterward, however, that the first white men — John Oldham and three companions — returned the visit. They were kindly received, and brought back with them samples of hemp, black lead, and beaver skins. About the same time a small vessel from Plymouth sailed up the Connecticut as far as Windsor, in spite of the pro- tests and threats of the Dutch garrison at Hartford, previously occupied. At Windsor a fort was built and provisioned, a part of the expedition re- mained to hold it, and the remainder returned to Plymouth. The Dutch made a demonstration from Hartford the next summer, but retired with- out attacking. In the summer of 1635 a considerable numiier of families remf)ved from Dorchester to Windsor, while others founded the settle- ment of Wethersfield, Conn., another party starting overland in October and suflering greatly by the way. The first house in Agawani — ojiposite Springfield — was erected by John Cable and John Woodcock the same year of 1635. The next spring William Pynchon, a leading fur trader of Roxbury, with six of his neighl)ors, all accomjianied by their families, set out and after a tedious journey arrived at Agawam. The mountains and streams of this section were at that time full of game, and a great num- ber of beaver were taken annually by the Indians, and it is not difficult to understand that Mr. Pynchon had an eye to controlling the market INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 1 9 with a view to a reasonable profit. His field of usefulness was not, however, to be so circumscribed, and in the course of time he so gained upon the good will of the savages as to conclude with them many small treaties that proved of great value to the community of which he was the recognized local head. A prominent man before his migration to America, educated, shrewd, and resolute, he was in his element as the leader of a band of pioneers, and founded a city and a family insepara- blv connected with this noble commonwealth. The name of Springfield itself was conferred in commemoration of the spot of his nativity, the Pynchon family seat near Chelmsford, England. Cable and Woodcock had been sent by him to build a shelter for his party, who on their arri- val found all ready for their reception. Their household goods came by water. The spot chosen was near the west bank of the Connecticut, half a mile ab:)ve the mouth of the Agawam (now the site of West Spring- field). The ground selected was unsuitable for the building of a village, however, and very soon they removed to the east bank, laid out Main street, parceled out the land toward the river, and began building in good earnest, though their tools were the rudest and their only available material rough logs from the trees felled upon the spot. The lands were fairly divided, and in due season they planted and reaped and made the wilderness to bloom. Persecuted for writing a book on religious dogma that did not jibe with the illiberal bigotry of his time, Mr. Pynchon was forced to recant, gave bail for his appearance at court, probably became disgusted, sailed for England, and never returned. We have been thus particular concerning the settlement of Springfield because it is the oldest in the present limits of Massachusetts west of Bos- ton and the first ever established by Englishmen on this continent at a point so far Inland that no protection could be expected from the guns of a fleet. The second settlement was made by Connecticut people in 1640 at Woronoak (Westfield), but was soon abandoned when it was found that the land belonged to Massachusetts. The permanent settlement was effected by citizens of Springfield in 1664, and the name changed in 1669, when the place was incorporated as Westfield. Northampton came next, and was really the second permanent settlement on the Connecticut within the province of Massachusetts Bay. The Indian name of the region in that vicinity was Nonotuck. John Pvnchon (son of William), Elizer Holyoke, and Samuel Chapin were appointed, by the general court, to apportion the lands, a duty completed November i, 1654. The act of incorporation passed the general court Mav 23, 1655. The settle- ments at Hadley, Hatfield, Deerfield, Northfield, ancl other towns were planted later. HAMPDEN COUNTY. THE county of Hampden is the most populous and important of those formiui? the western division of the State — Hamjiden, Hampshire, I'rankliii, and Ut-rksliire — and was the first settled. The history of the county is comprised in that of Sprinijlield, which follows. The towns em- braced in its territory are twenty-two in number, viz.: Agawam, Bland- U. S. .VRMORV — W.VIKR Sllnl'S. ford. Brimfield, Chester, Chicopee. Granville, Hampden, Holland, Hol- yoke, Longmeadow, Ludlow, Monson, Montgomery, Palmer, Russell, Southwicki Springfield, Tolland, Wales, Wcstfield, West Springfield, and Wili)raham. Springlield is the county seat and principal city, Holyoke making a close and flourisliing second, while Westfield is no inconsider- able rival of both. Palmer ccmiing fourth. The villages that dot the county are among the most prosperous and flourishing in New England, several of them being noted for manufactures, as will be seen further along. The principal streams are the Connecticut, the Chicopee, the Westfield, and the Little Westfield, each affording vast power and presenting rare attractions to the lover of fine natural scenery as well as the mill-owner. INLAND MASSACHUSETIS II.IA'S'IR ATED. CITY OF SPRINGFIELD. THE SPRINGFIELD OF THE PAST EARLY SETTLEMENT THE PVNCHONS IN- DIAN TROUBLES THE REVOLUTION COUNTY ORGANIZATION A BRIEF GLANCE AT NOTABLE EVENTS. In the preceding chapter we have told of the arrival of William Pyn- chon and his party of pioneers. May 14, 1636, articles for the government of the settlement were signed by P}'nchon, his son-in-law Henry Smith, Matthew Mitchell, Jehu Burr, William Blake, Edmund Wood, Thomas Ufford, and John Cable. For reasons not necessary to detail all of these signers except Pynchon and Smith removed elsewhere within three 3^ears, but their places were more than filled by new arrivals. Lands were pur- chased from the natives, log houses were built, fields were laid out and planted, and very soon the settlers had made themselves as comfortable as circumstances permitted. For several years it was supposed that Agawam, as it w^as then called, was within the territory of Connecticut, but when the boundary line was settled by commissioners from both colonies in favor of Massachusetts Bay, the community suddenly found itself practically without government of any kind because of its remote- ness from Boston, whereupon, February 14, 1639, Mr. Pynchon was chosen magistrate, a provisional office which he continued to fill until duly commissioned, June, 1641, by the general court, previous to which event, however, in April, the name of the town was changed to Spring- field by vote of the inhabitants in compliment to the founder. The boundaries were fixed in 1639, but were extended by the general court in 1647 to include West Springfield, Agawam, Westfield, Holyoke, Chicopee, Enfield, Somers, Wilbraham, Longmeadow, Ludlow, Hampden, and the present limits of Springfield. One hundred and one )'ears later Enfield, Suffield, and Somers were ceded to Connecticut. The incorporation of other towns at different times subsequently greatly reduced the territory of Springfield. Twelve families received allotments of lands at the first division in 1636: seventeen more were supplied in 1642, and twenty-two in 1643. But two witchcraft trials ever occurred here — one in 1640, the second in 1642 — and in both the defendant was acquitted. Mr. Pynchon, accompanied by his son-in-law Smith and the minister, Mr. IMoxon, returned to England in 165 1; but John Pj-nchon and his brother-in-law Elizer Holyoke remained, and were for many years leading men in the community, being appointed, with Samuel Chapin, magistrates and com- missioners in 1652, the general court vesting the government of the town in their hands, with authority to try all civil cases and punish all but capital offenses. They laid out Nonotuck (Northampton) and reserved land for Hadley, on opposite sides of the river, in 1654. Hampshire county was erected in 1662, with Springfield as the seat of justice, though courts were also held at Northampton. John Pynchon built the first brick house in Springfield in 1660. It was designed and used for defense against the Indians, was 21 x 42 feet in area, had very thick walls and steep roof, and stood until 1831. Mr. Pynchon was an enterprising man for his time, a heavy fur trader and a considera- ble ship-owner, dealing extensively with the Indians, supplying them with merchandise and shipping their furs and peltries to England. There INLAND MASSACHLSKT'lS ll.I.LSl R ATKI). never had been any serious trouble here between the races, and none was anticipated even on the outbreak of Philip's war, so that when a demon- stration was made by the hostiles at Hadley and Xorthamj>tf)n. Major Pynchon had no hesitation in taking to their succor nearly all the armed men of Springfield — a fatal error, as the Agawams took advantage of their absence to make a descent, which was only prevented trom resulting in a massacre by timely warning received from a friendly Indian. As it was, thirty-two houses, twenty-tive barns, and Majcjr Pynchoii's saw and corn mill were burned, and three men and a woman killed. It proved the ruin of the Indians, however, for they immediately al)andoned their lands and homes hereabout, never to return in force, though occasional outrages were perpetrated for some years. The people rebuilt their homes, and within a year the Indians were completely crushed and events resumed their usual course; the country steadily developed, new settlers came, and Springfield became the business and social center of Central and Western Massachusetts. Deacon Samuel Chapin, who came in 1642, died in 1675, and is commemorated by a colossal bronze statue erected in 18S4 in Stearns park. Elizer Holytjke, another distinguished pioneer, died Feb- ruary, 1676. Major John Pynchon died in 1703, and with him jiassed away the last of the original Springfield magistrates, at the age of eight\% after a long and singularly useful life in which were united the functions of merchant, judge of court, commander of the military, and commis- sioner of the colony to the Indians and to treat with the Connecticut authorities on boundaries and other important matters. TIk- fii'st coiirt-liduse — an unpre- tentious wooden structure — was erected in 1723. Springfield fur- nished her quota of soldiers for the French and Indian wars, 1744 to 1760, and eighteen were slain in the siege of Louisburg, 1745. West Spring- field was incorporated 1774. Spring- field also bore her part in the ]ire- liminary discussion and preparation, and finally in the actual struggle of the revolution. A depot for military stores and an armory — the germ from which has since grown the great Sj)ringfield National armory — were established here, and large numbers of recruits were forwarded to the patriot army. Depreciation of con- tinental paper money and other causes operated to prevent growth and development for some years after the return of peace; the courts were obstructed by mobs, ''Shays' rebell- ion" ensued, and was only suppressed by force in January, i7 « ■^ I-"" rC cT O ro -? ro — cJ CO c? roo ►^ c5\od 00^ - in J- rt tfi c < o' O -t O -t- " CO O t^ O Cn CO '^^ mv>5 o — "^ CI o o OciO00OO0"OOOcicOO'^-ci vOcoOciO"^— LOLoOvO — 0-+0 r^-O O ci ui m r-^ o "^ -^vo — "ivO "n cFc/D CO LO CO CO cF c? cP co^£2 i-^ Occ CO 0N\0 CO ^ " ►- CI CO -1- -* O CO ON Cl Tf LO ^ M 00 ►- o "-1 o ^00" >; 3 i::^ 1) o o o o -+ o o o o o -* o O O O O " o O Lo o o •- o xr^ LO o VO •- O CO i-T -"t- cF cT -^ <.2 OOOOOOOOOOOOvO 000000000000"n OOOOOOOOO'-noocO 000000 ""I 00 ciooco O ci^ i^ O i-j O LT, -t- o >0 'J'^ o o CO to CO O -f cF cT ro\0 <5 C?. to -^ n CI CO — « CI M ►- 20 ■ • • • • 8 • • • • • • 00 • • • • 00 • • . CO . CO • • CO • CO • *«= : c^ : "^ ; 000000 000000 to CI o O O O ; 2 >■ I '-^ 1- O I- o — ci c: rt ^ . t/} ^ •. '-' -^ I c — 0000000000000 0000000000000 000000000>0000 OOOOOOOOOr^OOO O -^ to o r^ O to O ci coo O i-^ to CO O ^ u 2 u "p T- /-( ^ rt rt .Jr. S. E rS ^ y:^ rt a J r; *;; " w- 2? 5 28 INLAND MA^bACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. FINANCES. The financiiil condition of Springfield is shown by the subjoined state- ment of the city treasurer, covering the period from September lo, 1888, to September 16, 1889. It is proper to explain that these departments have unexpended balances from the appropriations of 1888, not included in the statement: Industrial school, $833; public parks. $676; water- works, $3,490- ApiJiopriations ami Kcceii)ts. lioard of health ^',93- Citv hospital (),ooo City library. 16; Contingencies 50,1 56 Fire department 59'35- Fuiided debt Highways and bridges 9 '.959 Interest. -7.075 Industrial school 4,016 Lighting streets 3-. 505 Pauper department 38,536 Police and watch 40,788 Public parks 8,500 Printing and stationery 4,000 Salaries r 5,000 Scavenger department 9.335 •Schools 128.742 School house repairs 6,038 Sewers and drains 29.670 Water works .11 'j.Si)) 56SS,668 I'l.xpenditures. IJalance Un- expended. $1,021 S910 5'7 5,482 5.365 9.800 26,887 23,268 40,539 18,813 26,CC0 7^.5'3 19.446 59,984 ^.795 1,221 20,430 12,074 27.342 11,194 32,473 J>.3'4 7.^03 696 2,4^2 '.5'7 12,477 2,522 6,934 2,400 91,859 36.SS3 4,800 '.237 22,420 7.249 50,428 69,466 $507,078 5232,498 AimrnoNAi, i:.\i'i;MirriHKs. Jefferson avenue school house ,$12,450 New Charles street school house 8,847 Alden street school house 8,984 Old jail repairs and improvements , 106 State aid i ,064 Military aid 568 Lyman street, change of grade 3.628 Electric light poles 2,000 Total $37,647 For the sulijoined comparative tables of taxation for 1888 and 18S9 we are indebted to the Ri'puhlican: — TAX AND VALUATION, 1SS9. POLLS. WARD. WOMKN. MF.N. REAL ESTATE. PERSONAL I 2 3 4 7 8 7 6 3 '5 27 8 I 3'44 1510 '435 1207 2612 942 679 597 56,873,330 8,190,550 2,631,140 4,615.850 5-793.540 2.037.530 1.079,430 779.3'0 $956,880 3,073,660 1,074,810 1,937,620 865,800 461,470 99,170 182,930 67 12,126 $32,000,680 58,652.340 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 29 RECAIMTUL'VTION. Total real estate $32,000,680 Total personal estate Resident bank shares 8,652,340 Total valuation $42,073,575 TAX LEVY. Rate per $1,000 at $13.00 $546,956 Polls, 12,126 at $2.00 24,252 Polls, 67 at 50 cents 2;^ Total levy $571,241 State warrant at 69 cents $41,220 County warrant at 76 cents 44,028 City order at $1 1.55 475,000 Overlavings 10,993 Total tax $571,241 THE FIGURES IN K TOLLS. WARD. REAL ESTATE. WOMEN. MEN. I I 2898 $6,484,160 2 3 I5I9 7.754.500 3 I 1443 2,588,990 4 6 II28 4.453.050 5 8 2407 5,267,970 6 2 930 1,929,430 7 658 1.013,770 8 528 831,270 21 11,511 $30,323,140 PERSONAL. $900,820 2,719,030 1,100,150 1,825,960 829,230 402,120 96,980 210,370 5,084,660 RECAPITULATION. Total real estate $30,323,140 Total personal estate 8,084,660 Resident bank shares 1,455,455 Total valuation $39.^63,255 TAX LEVY. Rate per $1,000 at $13.60 $542,140 Polls, 1 1,51 1 at $2.00 23,022 Polls, 21 at 50 cents 10 Total levy $565,17: State warrant at 90 cents $47,542 County warrant at 82 cents 44,158 City order at $ii.8S 466,275 Overlayings 7,i97 Total ta.x $565,172 EDUCATIONAL. The school committee consists of one member from each ward (females being eligible) and one member at large, with the mayor as chairman fx officio. A superintendent of schools is appointed by the board, and is provided with a clerk, while a school-house agent looks after the build- ings and several truant officers keep the runaway boys in order. The High school on State street is an unusually spacious and imposing structure. The attendance for 1888 Vi^as 359 ; graduates — Four years' course, 51 ; two years' business course, 11, four of whom returned to complete the four years' course. There are seven grammar schools with 1,400 pupils ten to fifteen years of age; fourteen primary schools with over 2,400 pupils ranging from six to ten years; three semi-graded and eight ungraded schools with nearly 500 pupils. On Bay street is a training school, erected in 1888 at a cost of $48,680, for the espe- cial purpose of preparing young men and women to engage in teaching. An industrial school adjoins the High school, where boys and girls 30 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED receive manual instruction in the mechanic arts, sewing, drawing, etc. Several evening schools and a drafting school are in successful operation. Ph\'siologv, hygiene, and scientific temperance instruction, made manda- tory by law, are taught in all the public schools. The City Library on State street opposite the High school is an institution of which every citizen of Springfield is justly proud. FIRE DEPARTMENT. The fire department is exceptionally well organized and efficient, employing a chief engineer, four assistant engineers, superintendent of fire alarm,' four foremen of engine companies, four foremen of hose com- panies, two foremen of hook and ladder companies, and assistants, engi- neers, firemen, laddermen, drivers, etc., to make the force number 158 men in all. The apparatus comprises one Jucket and three Amoskeag steam fire engines, one aerial and one second-class truck and appliances, one hand-drawn, two one-horse, and two two-horse hose-carriages, an ample supply of hose, and a sufficient number of horses. In addition a hand hose-carriage belonging to the city is stationed at the United States water shops, and the government maintains a steam fire engine and hose carriage at the armory, manned by soldiers and employes, which in cases of emergency assist the city fire department. The fire alarm service is of the best class and complete, and water supply abundant. There were seventy-nine alarms in 1888. F'ire losses for the year, $177,577.19.; insur- ance, $670,830. POLICE DEPARTMENT. Springfield, as before remarked, is a remarkably quiet, orderly city, where serious offenses are of rare occurrence. Last year there were 1,435 'irrests for drunkenness, an increase of 752 over the previous year; but, as the number of liquor dealers' licenses granted the present year has been reduced to 37 as compared to 136 for 1888, the arrests for that offense have correspondingly fallen off. There were 649 additional arrests for offenses ranging in gravity from disobedience (children) to forgery (one) and perjury (one). Not a single arrest was made for murder or attempted murder. WATER depart.mi:nt. The reservoir — 445 acres in extent — from which Springfield draws its water sujiply, is located at Ludhnv, twelve miles nortlieast from Court square, and is filled with an abundance of water from Broad and Higher brooks, tributaries of the Chicopee river. The water is distributed throughout the city by tlie usual means, and is amply sufficient in (juan- tity for the uses of a much greater ]-)opulali()n, though the quality is not of the best, algx" collecting in myriads at the outlet of the reservoir, while the sources themselves are rendered more or less impure by the fact that they drain a broad area of farming and pasture lands. At this writing the board of water commissioners is engaged in an investigation of rival fil- tering systems with a view to the adoption of the most available, and probably the condition of the water, the source of much complaint if not of sickness, will be remedied before the advent of another summer. There are about eighty-five miles of mains in the streets; average daily supply for 1888, 4,000,000 gallons. Reservoir capacity, 1,860.000,000 gal- lons. Total receipts from all sources, 1888, $145,198.97; total cost of maintenance, $125,973.82. Net cost of works, $1,349,573.54; bonded debt, $1,200,000, l)earing 7 per cent, on $1,000,000, and 6 per cent, on $200,000. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 3I BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. While every community is more or less burdened with the unfortunate, Springfield — the city of homes and of industrious people — justly claims a greater degree of immunity from the demands of that class' than is usual. Ample provision is nevertheless made for the shelter and care of the deserving poor, and among the institutions supported in whole or in part by municipal appropriations may be mentioned the new City Hospi- tal (an excellent view of which is printed elsewhere), besides numerous institutions dependent upon the voluntary contributions of charitable people. AS A TRADE CENTER. Springfield is the metropolis of Western Massachusetts and the base from whence country retailers throughout the counties of Hampden, Hampshire, Franklin, and Berkshire draw their supplies more and more every year, thus avoiding expensive journeys to New York and Boston while buying on terms equally advantageous. Stocks of dry goods, gro- ceries, provisions, and manufactured goods are quite large, and new accessions are being constantly made to the ranks of wholesale dealers. Sales for several years past have averaged something like $25,000,000 and are steadily increasing. At the same time the city is an enormous consumer of farm and dairy produce, and exchanges are conducted on a vast scale. TRANSPORTATION. THE B. & A. R. R. Situated at the head of navigation of the Connecticut and upon ilie direct and only available line between Massachusetts bay and the head of Hudson river navigation, Springfield seems to have been designed by nature for the seat of a commercial metropolis and a center of manufact- ures as well as a radiating point for travel east, west, north, and south. Long before the railway was dreamed of great quantities of merchandise were distributed by means of wagons to the northern and western por- tions of this State and to New Hampshire and Vermont, being brought hither either by water or by teams. In those times sailing vessels of light draught, keel-boats, and, later, steamboats were built here for river and coasting trade ; numerous four and six horse stages plied between Springfield and Boston, Hartford, Albany, Rutland, Concord, and other places of importance, and thousands of travelers on business or pleasure intent arrived and departed at all seasons when journeying was practica- ble. The Boston & Albany railroad, the great east and west arterj' of New England trade, is the outgrowth of two separate lines — the Boston iS: Worcester, which had its inception in 1831, and the Western, incor- porated 1833. The first passenger coaches were put on the Boston & Worcester in 1834, running as far west as Newton, then to Westborough, and finally the first train entered Worcester July 4, 1835. The first en- gine, a crude affair, was imported from England, but was soon super- seded by better machines of Boston construction. The grading of the Western road began at Charlton in the winter of 1836-7, and in October, 1839, was opened to Springfield. In the mean time the Hudson & Berkshire road, from Albany to the Massachusetts State line, had been built ; the Albany &; West Stockbridge road was completed in 1840 ; and the promoters of the Western pushed the work of construction through the Hampden and Berkshire hills until connection was made and a through line extended from the capital of New York to the capital and 3^2 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. metrojiolis of Massiichusetts. But the three roads were under separate and inharmonious managements, and in order to their proper develop- ment it became necessary to consolidate — a suggestion earnestly opjiosed by the Boston & Worcester company, urged thereto by prominent Wor- cester merchants and manufacturers who feared that such a step would injure their city by destroying its prestige as a railway terminus. Never- theless the Western company proceeded to purchase the link through east- ern New York in 1854, and then proceeded leisurely to double-track the entire line. Efforts for consolidation with the eastern link were contin- ued, but without result until 1S67, when, the Western company having decided to construct a parallel road through to Boston, the citizens of Worcester and their railroad company were forced into a reluctant union which has proved of signal advantage to all concerned. To the late Chester W. Chapin, more than to any other individual, is due the honor of building the Western road, of purchasing the Hudson & Berkshire, and Albany & West Stockbridge, of negotiating and of forcing the con- solidation, and finally of placing the entire line upon a successful footing. He was president of the Western from 1S54 to 1867 and of the Boston ic Albany from 1867 to 1878. He was also instrumental in the purchase of the Springfield, Athol & Northeastern railroad, thirty miles in length and a valuable feeder of the Boston & Albany. The latter road, running through the heart of the State from east to west, is 203 miles in length, double-tracked, perfectly equipped, and boasts a. service, that is not excelled in America. The management is of the most progressive and energetic kind and valuable improvements are constantly being made — late examples of which are seen in the superb new depot and the arch over Main street, Springfield. The importance of the road to the commerce and travel of the country can hardly be overestimated, while the variety and attractiveness of the scenerv through which it passes is proverbial. TIIK X. v., X. li. \ II. K. R. Another railroad for which Springfield is largely indebted to Chester W. Chapin is the New York. New Haven & Hartford, extending from this city to New York and running its trains over the Bost(.)n ^ Albany tracks to and from Boston, in all 237 miles. This road is a ccjnsolidation of the former New York & New Haven, and Hartford & New Haven railroads, effected in July, 1872. The first-named road was opened January, 1849 ; the latter in 1S39. That portion of the road lying in this State was com- pleted in 1844. The leased lines comprise use of the New York & Har- lem tracks from Williams Bridge to the Grand Central depot, New York city ; the Shore-line road. New Haven to New London, 50 miles ; the Harlem River & Fort Chester road to New Rochelle, and the Boston is: New York Air-line from New Haven to Willimantic. They also own branches of three miles, Berlin to New Britain, ten miles, Berlin to Mid- dletown, and three and a half miles from Windsor Locks to Sullield, and run jiarlor and sleeping cars over the Connecticut River railroad to Montreal. THE CONXECTICUT KIVKR R.MLKO.VD. The Northampton & Springfield Railroad Corporation was chartered by the Legislature March i, 1842, and January 25, 1845, the Greenfiekl & Northampton Railroad Company was incorporated. In June, 1845, the two companies consolidated as the Connecticut River Railroad Com- pany. December 13 of the same year the road was opened for business from Springfield to Northainplon; eleven miles more, to Deerfield, was INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 33 completed August 17, 1846; Greenfield was reached November 23 of that year, and January i, 1849, trains ran to South Vernon on the Vermont State line, the northern terminus proper. The branches are two in num- ber — one of two and a half miles from Chicopee to Chicopee Falls, and another of three and a half miles from Mount Tom to Easthampton. Total length of main stem and branches, fifty-six miles. Permanent arrangements enable the company to connect at Springfield with the Boston & Albany, and New York, New Haven, & Hartford railroads, and to run trains from the northern terminus at South Vernon 7'ia the New London Northern to Brattleboro, thence r/a the Vermont Valley to Bellows Falls, thence over the Sullivan County to Windsor, thence over the Vermont Central to St. Johns, thence over the Grand Trunk to Montreal. The road is first-class in construction and equipment, passes through some of the finest scenery on the continent, and is largely patronized by tourists, who find this the only route that, carrying them to northern New England and Canada, aftords them a view of the lovely Connecticut valley with its verdant hills, its fruitful valleys, its bustling cities and villages, and the manifold attractions for which the region is famous wherever the English tongue is spoken. The offices of the road have just been removed to the great granite building in Springfield, erected for similar purposes by the Boston & Albany Railroad Company. The officers are: President, N. A. Leonard; superintendent, John Mulligan; clerk and treasurer, Seth Hunt; cashier and paymaster, George E. Frink; auditor, W. H. Wilson; general freight agent, H. E. Howard; general ticket agent, E. C. Watson;, general bag- gage agent, W. E. Hill; master mechanic, W. H. Stearns; roadmaster, John R. Patch. Superintendent Mulligan entered the service of the companv as master mechanic in 1852, and was promoted to his present position in 1868. Mr. Leonard has been president since 1880. THE SPRINGFIELD AND XEW LONDON RAILROAD. The Springfield & New London railroad, extending from this city to the Connecticut State line, eight miles, was built in 1875. It is leased and operated by the New York & New England Railroad Company, and forms a part of a direct line to Hartford, with branches and connections to other points. BANKS AND BANKING. The banks of Springfield are among the soundest in the country, and are the sheet anchor of that industrial and commercial prosperity in which are embarked the hopes and fortunes of the community. Of banks of issue there are nine, all National, and of savings banks three. The subjoined table shows the condition of the National banks Septem- ber 30, 1889: — NATIONAL BANKS. LOANS AND DISCOUNTS. Agawam $500,000 00 First 400,000 00 Second 300,000 00 Third 500,000 00 City 250,000 00 Cliapin 500,000 00 Chicopee 1 50,000 00 Jolm Hancock 250.000 00 I'ynclion 200,000 00 Totals .-...' $3,050,000 00 $603,609 35 725.795 27 421,598 75 1,032,241 4' 715,912 68 838,278 iS 143.524 52 263,363 93 225,274 76 1 ,090,982 ',023. "3 661,936 ",675.927 910,515 1,236,025 296,620 503.972 448,004 ?4,969.598 85 I $7,847,097 39 ASSETS. 1 Si.453.537 32 2,264,470 93 984,484 04 2,264,470 93 1,176,331 91 ".539.264 " 396.S32 17 634.552 35 598,063 12 $11,312,006 88 $100,000 00 150.000 00 190,000 00 400,000 00 50,000 00 100,000 00 52,000 00 50,000 00 101,855 27 $I.>93,8SS 27 34 INLAXIJ MASSACnUStT IS ILLUSTRATED. SAVINGS BANKS. LIABILITIES. .Springfield Institution for Savings $10,246,487 91 Hampden Savings Hank , 2,236,985 06 Five Cents Savings Bank. Totals. 2,812,792 51 §15,295,565 48 RESOURCES. 510,685,411 91 2,293,064 06 2,866,793 " $15,845,269 08 Tliere are also several flourishintj private banking houses, dealing for the most part in government and other securities. THE CLEARING HOUSE. The Republican of October 21 contained a brief history of the Spring- field clearing house, from which we quote: " The Chicopee bank does all the work of the clearing house, the present officers of which are: Presi- dent, Charles Marsh; secretary, H. H. Bowman; manager, A. B. West. The annual meeting occurs on the fourth Tuesday in February. The agree- ment between the eight banks was signed March 25, 1S73; the City was admitted in 1879 ^"^ the Safe Deposit Company in 1885. According to the agreement 'The object shall be the effecting at one tim.e and place of the daily exchanges between the several associated banks, and the payment at the same time and place of the balances resulting from such exchanges.' That the volume of business transacted by the Springfield banks is large in proportion to the population is shown by a comj)arison of the clearing house reports with those of other cities. A Bradstreet report taken at random gives these figures for a week: — .Springfitlcl $1,237,677 rortl.iiul 1,040,077 Hartford 1,773,217 New Haven 1,171,384 " Tlie increase in amount of l)alances does not keep up an equal ratio with that of clearings, as the following reports for twenty years show: — n.EAKLNC.S. IIALANCES. December 23, 1S72, to October i, 1S73 — $24,792,503 $7,873,746 1873-1S74 28,709,808 8,635,561 1874-1S75 29,760,093 8,971,869 1875-1S76 27,040,008 8,687,696 1876-1S77 24.677,366 8,523,676 1877-187S 23,060,080 7.499-950 1878-1879, 24,142,549 7,500,946 1S79-18S0 30,254,417 9,203,101 18S0-1SS1 35,836,906 11,317,651 1SS1-1882 41,450,006 12,794,909 1882-18S3 40,341,119 i'.93^>'33 1883-18S4 36,754.686 10,396.230 1S84-1885 38,818,220 11,130,045 188S-1886 41,343,421 12,674,370 1S86-1SS7 50,503,291 14,929,387 1887-18S8 5'''.383.i3o 17,626,378 1888-1889 61, II 2,493 '7.940.745 Total clearings $61 5,570,097 Total balances 187,642,291 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 35 THE PRESS. THE SPRINGFIELD REPUBLICAN. Springfield's first newspaper was the Massachusetts Gazette or General Advertiser, founded May, 1784, and changed afterward to the Hampshire Herald and JFeeh/y Advertiser, the Hampshire Chronicle, and the Hampshire and Berkshire Chronicle, expiring finally in 1793. Spasmodic but unsuc- cessful efforts were made from time to time subsequently, but a perma- nent footing was not secured until, in 1824, Samuel Bowles established the Republican, now and for many years past the ablest and most influ- ential provincial newspaper in America, made so by the talent and un- tiring labors of the second Samuel Bowles, who persuaded his father to make the paper a daily, the first number of which was issued March 27, 1844 — a four-page evening paper, four columns to the page. At the present time the Republican is a remarkably handsome seven-column morning quarto, eschews display type and all appearance of " loudness " in any department, is edited with an indefatigable care and regard for the common sense of its readers that is phenomenal, indulges in no flights of empty rhetoric, debates calmly and with incisiveness and rea- son all questions of public interest, is comprehensive in the scope and fullness of its news departments, and is in all respects a model newspa- per, " independent in all things, neutral in none," and the idol of thou- sands of cultivated readers in Massachusetts and elsewhere, the weekly edition in particular reaching and being welcomed by thinking men in every State and territory. The Sunday edition was established by the third Samuel Bowles, the present publisher. The Republican building, corner of Main street and Harrison avenue, is a model home for a model newspaper that steadily grows in power and circulation as the minds of men become broader and clearer, thus sowing and reaping in a field that can never be over-cultivated. THE SPRINGFIELD UNION. The Springfield Union,\.\\^ only evening paper between Worcester and Albany and north of Hartford which has the Associated Press franchise, was founded in January, 1864, by Edmund Anthony of New Bedford. It was started as an aggressive republican paper, and is now and has been for several years the only partisan republican daily of general circulation in Western Massachusetts. A year or so after he founded the Union Mr. Anthony sold his interest in it and returned to New Bedford, in 1872 the paper was bought by the Clark W. Bryan Company, and was owned and conducted by that company and by its successor, the Springfield Printing Company, for ten years. In the spring of 1882 Joseph L. Ship- ley, who had been connected with the Union since 1872 and was at that time in editorial charge, formed a company, bought the paper, and at once began to improve it as a newspaper. Mr. Shipley is the principal owner, and is president and treasurer of the Union Newspaper Company. The other owners of the Union are among the prominent and well-known business men of Springfield. The Union has been enlarged three times 36 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. since it passed under its present manasjement, and is now an eiglit-pajje seven-column paper. It has increased steadily and rapidly in circulation and business, and its contemporaries j^ronounce it one of the brightest and best of the daily papers in New England, outspoken and vigorous in its editorial utterances, enterprising and painstaking in its news serv- ice, and aims to be a helpful and uplifting force in the community. The Union has a well arranged and finely equipped office at Main and Wor- thington streets, and is printed upon a fast web perfecting press from stereotype plates. March 7, 1888, the Union was burned out, only three months after moving to its present location, and the fire was especially disastrous in the loss of property and life. The Union appeared next day as a four-page paper, and a few days later resumed its eight-page form. The splendid pluck and courage which the paper showed in the face of an almost overwhelming disaster won commendation everywhere, and in a very short time its office was rebuilt in greatly improved' form and re- occupied. The character of the Union as a newspaper and the popular price at which it is furnished, only $6 a year, give it a large and loyal constituency, and make it a very powerful factor in the political and business life of that large and important section of New England of which Springfield is the recognized center. Besides its daily editions the Union has a large weekly circulation, and it is constantly enlarging its scope as a newspaper as well as growing in influence and in public recognition. It is a two-cent paper. THK DAILY NKWS. The first month of 1880 saw the first issue of what was then and is now the only one-cent newspaper in Western New England. Since the in- ception of the Daily Nc7ilUwood, and is identified with other prominent business enterprises; .Mr. Bailev is a vice-])resident and director of the Hampden Savings Bank. The directory emloraces, besides I'resident Ilydc, the fol- lowing-named leading citizens: Charles A. Nichols, M. Cha])in (e.\-presidcnt), J. H. .South- worth, B. V. Hosford. \ . J. I'owers, Peter S. I'.ailev, .\. j. Wright, and '1'. M. Brown. The Agawam bank building at .Main and Lvman streets is an imposing granite structure 40 INLAND MASSACHUSKTTS ILLLS TRATF.l). of tluec stiiiio and basciuciit, suimoiintccl by a mansard roof forming an additional half storv. On the main floor at the corner, commanding a view ot the thoroughfares named, is the commodious and handsomely appointed banking room, provided with e\ery recpiisite conven- ience, while the presiilent's and directors' parlors are at the rear. In the basement is con- ducted the business of the Hampden Savings Hank, and here also are situated the fire and burglar proof vaults — the largest in the city, convenient to the railroad station, and largely availed of for the safe deposi't of cash, securities, jewelry, and other valuables, the rent of spe- cial deposit boxes being fixed at an extremely low rate— six dollars per annum — while free storage is allowed customers. The .Agawam National Uank transacts a vast and steadily increasing business in loans, discounts, collections, drafts on domestic and foreign monetary centers, and makes a leading specialty of individual, firm, corporation, and municipal deposits, affording superior facilities in each department. That the institution is in a healthy and flourishing condition is attested bv the latest oliicial statement, of September 30 last : — KKSOLRCES. Loans mid discounts f 1,090,982 46 Overdrafts secured and unsecured 2.360 35 U. S. bonds to secure circulation 50,000 00 ( )tlier stocks, bonds, and mortgages 52.500 00 Due from reserve .igents 85,573 05 Due from other national banks 3 1 , 195 22 Real estate, furniture, and fixtures 80,275 00 Cliecks and other cash items 22 40 Kxchanges for clearing house 7,200 41 Bills of other banks 9,003 00 Fractional paper currency, nickels, and cents .' '35 23 Specie 28,721 20 Legal tender notes 13,319 00 Redemption fund with U. .S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circulation) 2,250 00 Total. ;?'. 453.537 32 LLMilLITILS. Capital stock paid in 5500,000 00 Surplus fund 100,000 00 Undivided profits 24,033 66 National bank notes outstanding 44.270 00 Dividends unpaid 1,436 00 Individual deposits subject to check 553.036 00 50.573 35 — 104.020 32 10,798 94 65,36905 Demand certificates of deposit. Due to other national banks Due to state banks and bankers. Notes and bills rediscounted Total 5>. 453, 537 32 PHILLIPS MANUFACTURING COMPANY. H. M. Phillips, Treasurer ; G. F. Adams, Secretary — Contractors for Steam and Hot Water Heating Apparatus and Sanitary Plumbing — Dealers in Steam and Gas Fitters' and Plumbers' Materials — Nos. 35 and 37 Lyman St. Science has made no more useful or benelicent progress in any direction than in the mat- ter of sanitarv i)lnmbing, heating, and ventilation. The apiilianccs designed for these pur- poses are mvriad in nimiber, are constantly receiving accessions, and improvements are of every-day occurrence. He who would excel in this vocation, therefore, must needs be a wide- awake, progressive, and enterprising business man, and have at his command tlie best of mechanical skill. Such a house is the Phillips Manufacturing Comj^any, organized in 1S76 with Mr. H. M. Phillips at its head. The capital stock is 525,000. Previous to la.st April the establishment was situated on Worthington street, whence it was removed to the first floor and basement at Xos. 35 and 37 Lyman street, formerly occupied by the Powers Paper Com- pany, 50 X 100 feet, fitted up in the most comjirehcnsive manner with all recjuisite machinery and appliances run by transmitted power from the Springtield .Steam Power Company. Two handsomely a|)pointed offices on the main floor, each iS x 20 feet, are set aside for business and drafting purposes, and all the remaining space is utilized for workshops and the storage of immense stocks of wrought-iron and lead pipe, cocks, valves, and steam and gas-litters' and plumbers' materials generally, ranging in value from $20,000 to $25,000. From thirty-five to forty skilled mechanics are employed, and the company enjoys a vast patronage extending all over Xew luiglanil. The company is agent for the erection of the celebrated Gold's patent sectional low- pressure steam boilers, the "Florida" steam and hot water boilers, and the "Perfect" hot water boilers, all of which have the rejititation of being among the best that can be obtained. In the department of sanitary i^lumbing the Phillijis Manufacturing Company has few competitors in the State west of Poston. Its work is found in public buildings, residences, mills, and factories all over Central and Western Massachtisetts, Connecticut, New Hamp- shire, and Vermont, and is by competent architects and experts everywhere pronounced of the highest order as regards both design and execution. Contracts are made for heating, lighting, and ])lumbing, the latest improvements in plan, style, materials, ajipliances, and workmanship are introduced, and satisfaction is guaranteed in every instance, together with dispatch and fair dealing. Treasurer H. M. I'hillijis and .Secretary G. F. .Adams are respected citizens of Springfield. The first-named is ])rominent in both business and public affairs, and has served the commu- nity as mayor and in both branches of the Legislature. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 41 SMITH & WESSON, Manufacturers of Revolvers — Stockbridge St. Who has not heard of Smith & Wesson, whose wonderful fire-arms have made their way into every land under the sim and are the recnp;nized standard of excellence — simplicitv, accii- racv, ])enetration, ^ifir tlurahilitv, anil reli- ^^ ability condjined ? All over the world, wherever civilized man finds it neces- sary to provide for his personal safety or the security of his valuables against the law-breaker or the bar- barian, the Smith & Wesson revolver is a jjrime favorite, because it has demonstrated its absolute trustworthiness and effectiveness under all circumstances, and in its various stages of improvement has illustrated from time to time the latest strides of meclianical skill toward perfection in this department of industrv. Herewith we illustrate the last of these progressive steps — a pistol which in all essentials stands unrivaled — the new hammerless safety revolvei', which provides effectually against accident arising from carelessness in hand- ling. 'Fhe safeguards consist of — first, the ]:)lacing of the hammer of the arm entireh' within the lock frame so that no external force whatever can he apjilied to it, and, second, so arrang- ing the trigger that it cannot be jiulled except at the instant of deliberate firing, and only by this means. One very important feature of this arrangement is the safety of the arm in the hands of children, as no ordinary child under eight years of age can possibly discharge it. The new arm is also provided with a rebounding lock as an additional source of safety and ])rotection. It is safe to say one of these revolvers may be kejit in the i^ocket with as little danger of injury to the ])erson carrying it as if it were a block of «ood, and vet it possesses in a high degree all the essential qualities of a weapon of defense, or an arm for target jnac- tice. As a weapon of defense it has the advantage, on account of the hammerless feature, of being readily drawn. As to weight and general appearance, the hannnerless safety revolver is but one-half ounce heavier than the double action model of the same caliber and fully as handsome in appearance as anything yet issued from the works. In addition to the above described elements of safety, this revolver has the automatic ejector as applied to all of their former models, and, in short, possesses every desirable quality of the well-known Smith & Wesson revolvers. This great industry was originally established in the vear 1S57 by Horace Smith and Daniel B. Wesson, the factory being then located on Market street. Energy and ingenuity were the distinguishing characteristics of the firm, and 1S60 saw them fairly established in new and greatly enlarged works on Stockbridge street — the nucleus of the jjresent great fac- tory. Mr. Smith retired in 1S74, since which time Messrs. Daniel 1!. Wesson and his sons, W. II. and Joseph, have contiinied to improve and sui)])h- the increasing demand for their arms. The jilant represents an investment of aliout $250,000 and comprises five commodious four-story buildings, the principal one of which fronts 150 feet on Stockbridge street with a. 45 X 100 foot ell and is surmounted by a tasty tower seventy feet in height. Adjoining on the east is the l)lacksmithing and wood-working department of two stories, 40 x 100 feet, ware- house 4-; x 60, and bluing house, where are also situated the two eightv-horse-iiower engines and boilers that sujii^ly the works with motive force and heat. Five hundred operatives, skilled and unskilled, are enii:>loyed, and the wages average $25,000 pev month, annual sales aggregating about $700,000, one-third of the goods going abroad, while the remainder finds a ready market in this country. The new weapon above described is the resj^onse of Mr. Daniel B. Wesson to a world-wide demand, and is a mechanical triunijih. THE MERCANTILE AGENCY. R. G. Dun & Co. Proprietors— Established in 1841 — Principal Office, New York ; Springfield Office, No. 231 Main St., Agawam National Bank Building — A. K. Patten, Jr., Manager. After the commercial convulsion of 1S37 Judge Lewis 'I'appan of Xew \'ork city organ- ized the admirable system since managed uninterru])tedly 1)v his successors as Lewis Tajijian & Co., Tappan tK: Douglas, I!. Douglas & Co., Dun, Boyd & Co., Dun, Barlow & Co., and 4 42 INLAND .MA>>ACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. R. G. Dun & Co., and in Caiuula as Dun, Winian t\: Co. The Mercantile Agency of R. (i. Dun lK: Co. is constantly drawn upon by truni (kd.ooo to 75,000 American and Canadian sub- scribers, and the credits of the coniniercial world are in great part regulated by its reports, the work involving an annual expenditure of nearly 53,500,000, including the maintenance of about 130 branch ofihces located in princijoal manufacturing and mercantile centers throughout the United States, the Dominion of Canada, and Australia. R. Ci. Dun i\; Co.'s Reference liook is issued quarterlv in January, March, July, and September, anil contains classified lists of merchants, manufacturers, traders, banks, bankers, etc., in every city, town, village, and ham- let throughout the countries named, with appended ratings which show their approximate net worth, general credit, and standing. The Springfield office of The Mercantile Agency, established in 1S77, occupies the second floor of the Agawam Kank building. Xo. 23i\Mai'n street. Mr. A. K. I'atten, Jr., has been manager since 1SS2, and is popular with the business community. BULLARD REPEATING ARMS CO. George H. Ball, President; H. H. Bigelow, Treasurer and Secretary; S. K. Hindley. Manager — Manufacturers of the Bullard Repeat- ing Arms — Works at Winchester Park. .\uuing timsc who have .iciiiexeil marked success in the iinpi uvcmcnt of modern liic-arms none have earneil a higher ])lace than the Huihud Re|)eating Arms Companv of this city, maintaining wholesale branches at New \'ork citv, Chicago, and San Francisco. The cut printed herewith represents the new lUdlard 3S-caliber "Special" rirte, with globe and peep sights, eleven- shot, 26 inch barrel, weight, eight and a quarter pounds. This arm uses a brass cartridge containing 45 grains of powder and 190 grains of lead, and has no rival in its class, as regards force, rai)idity, and accuracy. This, how- ever, is but a s|K'cimen weapon from a long list that includes re])eating, sport- ing, target, and military rifles and carbines in all desirable styles and im])roved up to tlie hour of completion with every valuable novelty that can add to their effectiveness. In the matter of penetration alone these arms are unri- valed, actual experiment having proved that a Bullard rifie of 45 caliber will throw a I:)ullet through three inches of spruce and eight inches of sand at 3000 vards — nearly two miles — and has a jienetration at fifty yards of twenty-two inches solid wood. The works o( the companv rank with the most complete and extensive private plants of the kind in tills country. They are situated at Winchester park, near State street, and adjoining the New York & New England railroad, with which they are connected by a switch. The shops, equipped with a comprehensive and costly array of special machinery and emi^loying from fifty to two hundred and fifty hands as the exigencies of trade rccpiire, are contained in a massive brick structure of three stories, 40 X 125 feet, with a 40x60 foot wing, the engine and boiler houses being tklached. Tiie cajiacity is about tiftv finished arms pcv dav, and, the policy of ])roducing only in response to the demand having been adopted, no accu- mulation of stock occurs. The highest grade of technical and mechanical skill only is employed, and the material, workmanshi]), and finish are all that could be desired. The mechanism, while simple and strong, is singularlv effective, acting directly without the intervention of sinings; the piece may be loaded from above or below after the magazine is lilled, thus securing an extra shot in case of emergency — twelve in all — which may he discharged in the unexampled short space of five seconds. All of the parts are of fine forged steel and gun metal, and the nicest adjustment characterizes the machine throughout, especial care being given to the ririing, which is superior tt) anv similar work of the kind ever |)er- formcd, thus assuring almost absohite accuracv of aim and execution. As might be supposed, the liullard repeating arms are fast super- seding those of older design, and are being rapidly ailopted bv hunt- ers of large and small game, manv of them going out to India and others to Africa, where the lion, the tiger, and the elephant are be- coming aciiuainled with them to their sorrow. The American fron- tiersman has cpiicklv apjneciated their merits. The trade with Can- ada, 1-inghnul, and the antipodes is jxirticularly good. The comjianv was organized with a ca|)ital of 5500.000 in 18S2, and commenced maiuifacturing in 1SS4. President Hall resides in lioston, .Secretary and Treasurer I'.igelow in Worcester, and Mana- ger Hindley in .S|)ringfield. IXLAXl) MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. STEERE & TURNER, 43 Builders of Cathedral and Church Organs — Nos. Gi to 75 Lyman St. A world of study and patient experiment has been lavished upon tht- organ from the time — far back in the middle ages — when it first appeared in rude form, tiic fruit of a pious monk's life labor, and added its deep and stirring notes to the human voice, the hcjrn, and the cvmbals of a now-forgotten cathedral. For centuries the best musical talent and the most highly trained Euro])ean mechanical genius were devoted to its improvement, so that when the first American builder essayetl further develojjment of its ]K)wcrs it must have been with a misgiv- ing as to the outcome of his self-imposed task. Yet to-dav the American church organ has no rival in deiith and puritv of tone, breadth and delicacv of exjircssion, insi^iration and grandeur in the higher notes, beautv of design, perfection of workmanshii), or elegance of finish. Among the most successful builders in this country is the firm of Steere & Turner, whose well equipi)ed factory extends from No. 61 to Xo. 75 Lyman street, Springfield. Mr. Jolin W. Steere wa^ the founder, beginning on a small scale in 1866. A year later he was joined by 44 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLLSTRATED. Mr. tjeorge W. Turner, and, botli liaving had sonic seventeen years' previous practical expe- rience in celeljratcd factories clsewliere, their combined skill, capital, industry, and business enterprise soon secured for them a footing among tiie most re|)utablc of their comjietitors. Froni time to time their facilities have been increaseil to meet tlic demand for their superior instruments, and at present their jjlant, provided with every practical improvement in machin- ery applicaljle to the work and employing thirty carefully trained designers and mechanics, covers ground 75 x 175 leet. The church and cathedral organs built by Messrs. Steere and Turner are familiar to church- goers throughout tiie United States and Canada, and give miqualilicd satisfaction everywhere, so much so that the greatest ditiiculty they experience is in tilling orders as prcjuipily as thev could wish. We have not space to specify the various jilaces of worship, east, west, north, and south, supplied by ihem, but may state that numerous local audiences have the pleasure of hearing their singularly perfect organs frequently — among others the Olivet, First, and lIo])e Congregatinnal, Christ Episcopal and Sacred Heart Catholic, S])ringfield Com- mandery K. T., and Hanipclen Lodge I. < ). < >. F. lioth members of the firm are natives of Massachusetts — Mr. Steere of Southwick and Mr. '{"urner of Dedham. ]'ul)lic-s])irited and progre.-sivc, they stand high ])ersonally and as busi- ness men. FENNESSY, ARMSTRONG & CO., General Bankers and Dealers in Government and Investment Bonds — No. 231 Main St., Agawam Bank Building, '{"his house was originally composed of Messrs. A. I., l-'cnnessy, a native of New Vurk, and Leonard and L. ^L Armstrong of Connecticut. Mr. L. AL Armstrong is dead ; Leonard Armstrong retired in 1S86, and the same year Mr. J. IL Fennessy was admitted, the firm now consisting of Messrs. A. L. and J. IL F'ennessy, though the former nariie and style are re- tained. The banking house at No. 231 Main street occupies a part of the Agawam National Hank building, is commodious, handsomelv fitted up, and jirovided with large and strong vaults, and all other conveniences for the secure storage of valuable securities and the trans- action of business, which averages 57,000,000 j^er annum. Tlieir leading s|)ecialties embrace the purchase and sale of government and investment bonds, the issuing of bills of exchange on London, and the discounting of mercantile and corjioration ])aper, doing a general banking business, besides, in deposits, loans, collections, etc., and maintaining correspondence with leading banks and bankers at the principal monetary centers. THE TAINTOR COMPANY. E. A. Cox, A. R. Taintor — Manufacturers of Butchers' Frocks, Shirts, Aprons, Wait- ers', Barbers', and Bartenders' Coats — Frocks and Duck Coats a Specialty — Harrison Ave. Nothing adds more to the attractiveness of the market stall or meat store than the neat, clean, freshly laundered white linen ulster or apron of the butcher or his assistants. Of all vocations this is the i)articular one in which a studious regard for appearances during business hours pays the best dividends, because, all other things being equal, the dealer whose apparel and surroimdings suggest the greatest purity will ob- tain the best class of patronage and the best prices for his conniiodities. Ik'sides which, the wearing of the garments of the Taintor Company effects a great saving of the clothing, and enables the butclur, the grocer, the oil dealer, or other handler of conniiodities liable to soil the apparel, to protect his outdoor garments and be ready at a moment's notice to go upon the street. The Taintor Com]>anv of Springfield has placed it within the convenient reach of everv butcher, meat dealer, tishmonger, green grocer, table waiter, barber, and bartender in the land to create a favorable impression at ncjminal ex|)ense, and it is hardiv necessarv to state that the proilucts of its factorv, which include shirts, ;i|)rons, coats, frocks, and ulsters designed for the especial use of the classes named, of tasty cut, well and carefully made from im])orted linens, are fast growing in ))opularity, and the demand steadily encroaching upon the manu- facturing cajiacitv, orders from jobbers being constantly received for shipment to all parts of this State and to adjoining States. Mr. Taintor, who first engaged in this business at No. 3S9 Main street in 1SS5, originated INLAND .MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 45 the butcher's ulster, and made with his own hands the first one ever worn in this country. The present Taintor Company was established last June, when Messrs. A. R. Taintor and K. A. Co.x, provided with ample capital, secured an entire upper floor of the Morgan building on Harrison avenue, fitted up with requisite machinery and appliances; twenty skilled opera- tives were employed, and the enterprise was at once placed upon a substantial basis. Sales for last year amounted to $40,000, and the prospects for vastly increased transactions for this and each succeeding year are excellent. R. F. HAWKINS' IRON WORKS, Builders of Iron Bridges, Iron Truss Roofs, Steam Boilers and Light and Heavy Machinery and Architectural Castings — No. 200 Liberty St. Probably no single discovery of mechanical engineering has contributed so much to the suc- cess of railroad building, past and jM-esent, as the invention of the ilowe truss bridge, which remarkable invention was per- fected and the first successful examples constructed in 1840 by William Howe at the original Howe bridge works in this city. Mr. Howe established the works especially for his own use in the year named, but sold two years later to Stone & Harris, who subsec|uentlv dissolved, and the firm of Harris & Hawkins was formed and continued in suc- cessful operation until 1863, when Mr. R. F. Hawkins be- came sole owner — a position which he maintains up to the present time. During the twenty- six years of his administration, aided and advised by such able and accomplished coadjutors as .Superintendent C. H. Mulligan, Consulting Engineer W. H. liurrall. Engineer E. B. Jen- nings, and others equally com- petent, the works have steadily keiit their leading position in the face of powerful competition and are to-day regarded as the equal of any and the superior of most of the great bridge-building establishments of this country. They rank with the largest in New England, and their work is in demand throughout the I'-ast- ern and Middle States. The ]5lant, occupying two acres of land on East Liberty street, comprises seven spacious build- ings — the foundry, machinc-shoii, boiler-shop, bridge-shop, carpen- ter-shop, etc. — each fitted up with its api^ropriate complement of machinery, tools, and apjiliances, and cniploying on the premises alone 200 men. Two hundred additional niccluuiics are kept busy from early spring until late autumn putting up in all i)arts of the country the work ]>re- pared liere. Two fifty-horse-powcr engines drive the machinery, which is of the most power- ful and latest imiiroved kind, and switches connecting with the lloston & .\lbany railroad furnish amjile transportation facilities. The great leading specialty of these works is the construction of iron and steel railway 46 IM.ANU MAbSACMlSKTTS ILLLSTKATKI). and liighway bridges, truss roofs of wide span, drawljridges, viaducts, trestles, plate-girders, turn-tables, steam boilers for locomotive and i)ortable engines, stand pijjes for water works, tanks of every description, and riveted plate steel and iron work of all kinds. The facilities of the boiler-shop embrace all improvements, and the work done there is as nearly perfect as it is possible to make it. The same remark holils good as concerns the bridge work done, comprising the Howe truss and other well-tried styles, such as the i)in-and-link, the riveted lattice, and the solitl plate girder. Architectural iron-work in all its varieties, light and heavv forgings, iron and brass castings, etc., also ligure on iheir list of products. Among the notable achievements of the Hawkins' Iron Works may be mentioned the great roof of the iJoston remiums, ])aid-uii policies, without surrender or care on the ])art of the insured, for an amount printed on each jiolicy, and made a part of it, and i)artici])aling in surplus, or thev may be surrendered at the end of ten years, or of anv subsecpient ])eriod of five years, for a guaranteed cash value, also printed on each ]>olicy, and made a ])art of it. The Jimited ])re- mium endowment policies of the same comiiany combine a liberal provision for future needs with the protection of a life policy. The iMcmitim payments, being limited to ten or twenty years, are not made a burden to later 'life, when perhajis there iiiav be less ability to meet them. Payable at the age of seventy or seventy-live, or on i)rior death, they furnish ])rotec- tion through the ])rodiictive period of life, when greatest financial loss may result from ])re- mature death, and a jirovision for old age. They may be made available for reduced amounts, should the necessity arise, at the end of ten years or of any subscc[uent ])eriod of five years, being thus ecpiivalent to limited endowments with jieriods optional with the insured, and for sums increasing with the jieriod. They may be niadc jiayable in the event of death to a designated bcnefKiarv, wife, child, parent, or other, while the insured reserves the right to surrender them at his ojition at the ])eriods designated, ft)r sti]nilated cash values, ])ayable to himself or his order. These values are large, are printed in plain figures upon the ])olicy, and form a part of the contract. A jiolicy of $5,000, issued at age thirty to mature at seventy with annual premiums limited to ten, would be written at a premium rale of $286.95. ''"''*^ total premium ])ayinents would amount to $2,869.50, less the tlividcnds declared, if used, as they may be, in part payment of ]>remiums ; or otherwise the accumulated dividends wduIcI increase the cash values named. At the end of ten years the ])olicy mav be surrendered for a cash yalue of $2,435, increasc.\riH -I 1 l> I I . I . I > 1 K A TFD. BEMIS & CALL HARDWARE AND TOOL CO. ESTABLISHED 1035. I> w 1^ Ml' B) 1^' f ^ f 1 ^^ fc?* SPRINGFIELD, MASS. Wm. K. Baker, President; W. Chaplin Bemis, Treasurer — Manufacturers of Hard- ware Specialties, Machinists' Tools, etc. — Factory, South Main St. ; Office. No. 14 Taylor St. This establishment is the oldest of the kind in ilie Connecticut valley, having been founded in 1S35 by the late .S. C. Beinis, who came here iinin W'illimansett in that year. The companv was incori)orated in 1S55, and the i)lant and ma- chinery represent an investment of §26,400. The president and tieasiner arc natives of this I^tate, respected citizens and prominent in business cir- cles, Mr. lieinis bcinj; a son of the pioneer hard- w ue and tool manufacturer of that name, Ijred to tlic vocation from boyhood, and thoroughlv con- \crsant with all its details. 'I'he works, situated on Mill river at the south- ern end of Main street, arc cpiile e.\tensive, con)- l)rising the factory proper — a subst.nntial three- story-and-basement frame structure 45 x 90 feet, with blacksmith and woodworking shops and other a])purtenances attached. The eciuijjment is first-class and embraces all recpiisite machiner\ and a|)pliances of the latest imjjroved stvles, and forty skilled workmen are em])Ioyed, turning out great quantities of superior goods for the Ainei i can market and for c.xjiort — hardwaie specialties in great varieties, machinists' and metal-workers' tools, etc. — among wiiiiii p.irticuiar attention is invited to the world-renowned cast ste'el pre minm tools originated by .S. C. Heinis and other and later desirable im])lements perfected since the formation of the i^resent company. Among these may be named a few of the ])rinci|)al items, such as dividers, calipers in all varieties, compasses, cast steel punches of all kinds, half a dozen styles of saw-sets, awls and scribes, screw-drivers, bo.x-openers, steel marking gauges, scpiares and bevels, divider pencil-holders, several kinds of steelyards, Uriggs' and Merrick's pattern wrenches, cylinder or gas-pipe wrenches, and combination wrenches. This wrench is one whose in- - < .V g e n i o u s c o n- struction a n d valuable feat- ures cannot fail to attract the at- tention of the mechanic and to commend it to him at once. It as well pos- sesses not only the excellent features of the cvlindcr or gas-pipe wrenches, but, also, all the recpiisites of a regular nut wrench, thus forming a combination tliat has no etpial among other devices of this kind. The com])anv's facilities and long experience insure sujierior cpialitv and finish fif goods and enable Ihem to sell at lowest possible ))rices. The name of Hemis iV (all Hardware and Tool Co. will be found on the end label of each box of genuine goods sold under their guar- antee, and as a further safeguard against imposition the_/(/i'-j/>;///t" of S. C. Bemis' signature on a red label is attached to the top of each box. RUSSELL & DAY, Manufacturers of Steam Engines and General Machinery, Shafting, Pulleys, etc. — No. 52 Hampden St. There is ;nul most piobablv ahva\s will be .1 uood demand (ov the better grades of steam engines and machinery for motor and manufacturing |>ur|)oses, and those who have an estab- lished rejiutation for ingenuity, skill, and that kind of jnobity that contents itself only with doing well whatever is to be done need have no fear of a lack of patronage. Such a house is that of Russell & Day, established in 1S65. Mr. William \V. bay retired in 1S84, leaving INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 53 Mr. John W. Russell as sole proprietor, and he has continued ever since to support credita- bly the well-earned fame of the reliable old concern whose style is still retained. The sliops, employing fifteen first-class workmen, occu))y the first and second floors, respectively 30 x 100 antl 30 .\ 30 feet, at No. 52 Ilanii)den street, well ecjuipjjed with sui)erior machinery and appliances, much of which is of a special character, invented and constructed by Mr. Russell himself. Mr. Russell gives his attention for the most part to the designing and construction of steam engines that combine extraordinary power with great economy of space and fuel, and to the manufacture of machinery, shafting, and jjulleys, gear-cutting, etc., and is kept busy, much of his work being shipped to distant points in the United States and Canada, l^verything turned out of his shops is Ai in material, workmanship, and finisli, and uniform satisfaction is rendered patrons. Mr. Russell is an experienced practical machinist with a record. He was born in Spring- field, and in his younger days wrought at his trade here, in Connecticut, Wisconsin, and Cali- fornia. He set up the first steam engine used in Gov. Trask's foundry, in 1842, and also constructed here in Springfield the first iron-planer ever built in Massachusetts. The same machine was used in a Confederate armory in Georgia during the war. BAKR'S DINING ROOM. Edwin C. Barr, Proprietor — No. 384 Main St. No more popular or successful caterer and i-cstaitratciir lives than Mr. Edwin C. Barr, who has for the past thirtv-three years ministered to the gastronomic needs and pleasures of the Sjiringfield public. His first jmrtner was his son George E . who retired after five years, pur- chased and still conducts the Hotel Warwick. liarr's dining-room is eligibly situated on the commodious first floor — 30 x 130 feet — of the handsome building No. 3S4 Main street, and is neatly and attractively appointed in all respects. The choicest meats, fish, fowl, game, vegetables, and fruits in season are supplied and served to customers in abundance and in the most appetizing manner, an accomjilished chief cook and assistants preparing the viands and luxuries, which are ])olitely served by a corps of trained waiters. Everything is of the best, ])rices moderate, and unvarying satisfaction given to patrons, the result being a flourishing business. A specialty is made of catering to wedding and social parties, and nothing could surpass the good taste and decorum with which such service is performed. Mr. Barr was born in Worcester. He is a Ereemason and a Knight Templar. P. H. POTTER, Wholesale Lumber Dealer — Manufacturer of Dressed Lumber, Doors, Sash, Blinds, Interior Finish, Etc. — Carving and Designing a Specialty — No. 835 State St. Mr. Potter is an enterprising rejDresentative of the pushing and successful vounger business element that is fast coming to the front. He was born at Wilbraham, Mass., wherehe received a sound common school education, and afterward learned the trade of carpenter and joiner under his father at Bondville. He went first to Boston and then to the West, whence he returned in 1SS2 and purchased the lumberyard and planing mill of Charles I'.arnes, the latter removing to Chicago. Mr. I'otter's plant, valued at 535,000, comprises a substantial two-story brick planing mill, 42 X 50 feet, with additions on the east iS .\ 22 feet, and on the west 42 x no feet ; one double shed 100 feet in length adjoining, and two others, one 160, the other 40 feet in length, on the same side of the New York & New England railroad track, while op])osite are two more aggregating 1 10 x 130 feet. The mill, on Wilbraham street, is ecpiipped with a full com- plement of the latest improved wood-working machinery, and a 50-horse-power engine, is heated by steam and lighted by gas, and is in all respects a model establishment. The ship- l)ing facilities are all that could be desired, a switch of the New Vork& New England railroad, 700 teel in length, running through the premises, which embrace about five acres of ground. Eorty-five men are emjiloyed, and transactions average about $175,000 a vcar, the output com- prising everything in the way of finished soft and hardwood-work recpiired by the trade, who send to Mr. Potter from all surrounding cities as far west as Pittsfield and south as Hartford. ,\ striking proof of his resources was afforded when the interior finish of the grand new Eirst Baptist church was under consideration. It was at first doubted that the work could lie done here, but Mr. Potter announced his readiness to undertake and ability to jjerform it satisfac- torily, and did so. It was a difficult job, but was executed with the most absolute fidelity to design and detail. ^[r. Potter has recently completed for his own occujiancv an elegant 5i 2,000 residence, the interior of which is a marvel of taste and art wood-work in cherrv and quartered oak. He has also built several neat and convenient dwellings upon a tract of seven acres purchased by him opposite the jilaning mill. INLAND MASSACHUSF/ITS 1 1. 1 r - I K A I I I ). SPRINGFIELD EMERY WHEEL MANUFACTURING CO. E. R. Hyde, Piasident ; George W. Jackman, Treasurer ; O. H. Hyde, Secretary — Patentees of Emery Wheels, Emery Wheel Machinery, and Garnet Paper — Nos. 33,35, and 37 Taylor St. 'I'liis floiiiisliing company is tlie outgrowlii and successor of Hyde Brotliers, who in the autumn of 1S81 began in a small way the manufacture of emery wheels and grinding machin- ery at No. 28 Taylor street. Ingenious and inventive, the brothers had already patented various valuable imjjrovcments in the devices named, and their products at once sprang into liopuJarity, the demand growing to such an extent that within two years they were forced to enlarge their works, add greatlv to their manufacturing facilities, and, tinallv, to remove to their present cpiarters— a commodious ihree-storv brick building with basement, to which has since been added two floors of the structure Nos. 21 and 23 Taylor street, a few doors west of the factory jjroper. The company, with a jiaid-u]) capital of $20,000. was organized and mcor- ])orated jiily 2^, 1SS5. The officers named in our caption, with Messrs. 1). 15. Hyde and D. T. Hijman.'board of directors, comiilete the list of stockholders, and all are active m promoting the interests of the corporation, witli what results is best shown bv last year's trans- actions, which aggregated 5150,000, the outlook for the present year indicating a very consider- able increase. Ninety i)eo])le are employed in all, three of whom are traveling salesmen, and the pay-roll averages 'S900 a week. The' machinery equipment is first-class, and most of their liroduct is of special design, constructed under jiatcnts owned by this company and not manu- factured by their comiictitois; consetpientlv they i)ossess unique advant.iges in this respect, besides owning and operating the most extensive garnet mines yet discovered, easily accessible INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 55 at all seasons, thus assuring a plentiful supply of uniform excellent quality. This garnet has been carefully analyzed and found the hardest garnet yet discovered. The specialties of the company embrace the manufacture of improved automatic knife grinders, tool grinders, emery wheel surface i^laners, roll grinders, universal grinders, corun- dum wheels and general emery wheel machinery, sapphire garnet paper, glue, rawhide lace and belting, grinders' and polishers' supplies — all first-class and guaranteed unsurpassed. They also supply the trade with corundum and pure Turkish emery in kegs, and all grades of cpiartz and garnet in barrels, giving prompt attention to orders for shipment. The automatic knife-grinder illustrated on preceding page is the only emery wheel grinder using water to prevent heating and drawing the temj^er. It will grind a knife in one-third of the time needed on any other machine, as the water prevents glazing, so the wheel cuts faster. Being wet, there is no emery dust, and the machine will last four times as long as a consequence. The Hyde brothers are sons of Mr. Rufus Hyde, deceased, of Williamsburg, and are young and enterprising men. They are of old Connecticut stock, the family having lived for generations at Norwich. B. FRANK STEELE & CO., Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Fruits, Nuts, Canned Goods, Etc. — Nos. 260 and 262 Main and 8 Hampden Sts. No people in the world are more given to the enjovment of good living than are those who make their homes in Central and Western Massachusetts, and few other markets of equal pretensions handle greater quantities of food luxuries than are received in and distributed from Springfield. J5. Frank Steele & Co. are especiallv prominent in this trade. This firm began on a moderate scale in 1869, and l)v industry and enterprise has extended its operations until its territory embraces all of the State west, north, and south of Springfield, and covers ])ortions of New Hampshire, Vermont, and Connecticut, in addition to a local patronage that juobably exceeds that of any competitor. The firm confines its attention to imported and domestic fruits of all kinds, nuts, and canned goods, and handles greater quantities of bananas, oranges, lemons, and similar commodities than any competitor in this part of the State, its facilities being better. It is also the first in the market with earlv strawberries, peaches, melons, and native fruits. In the department of nuts and canned fruits and vegetables it car- ries inniiense stocks, and is prepared to fill orders without delay at New York quotations. The main establishment at Nos. 260 and 262 Main street comprises a commodious first floor and basement, each 28 x 90 feet, and is always fully stocked with the best goods in the market, while the storage and shipping department consists of two floors at No. 8 Hampden street, each 20 X 28 feet. Eleven men and several teams are employed. Mr. ];. F"rank Steele is a pleasant-mannered and progressive gentleman, pojHilar personally and in business. SPRINGFIELD CO-OPERATIVE MILK ASSOCIATION. Charles S. Allen, President and Treasurer ; C. M. Bull, Superintendent — Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Pure Country Milk — Cor. Stockbridge and Willow Sts. Visitors to Springfield cannot but have noticed with pleasure that the milk, butter, and eggs served by the hotels and boarding-houses are of extra good quality. It w-as not always so, and the public owe much to the Springfield Co-operative Milk Association for having l)laced an abundance of the luxuries named within reach at reasonable ]5rices. The Association was incorporated and established in March, 18S4, Mr. Hinsdale Smith, a gentleman of Springfield, being the jirincipal mover in the enterprise, and soon passed the experimental stage. Piacked by a capital of 330,000 and managed by men of experience and lirobity, it is regarded now as one of the most successful business ventures ever undertaken here, and is conducted upon a svstem that provides its customers with the very best for the least money, preventing waste, and paving fair dividends upon the investment. Some idea of the extent of transactions mav be gathered from the fact that during the twelvemonth last l^ast, over 2,000,000 quarts of fresh, rich, pure country milk, obtained from the farmers of this and adjoining counties, were delivered to consumers here in the city, total receii)ts from this source alone footing up about 5i0O,ooo. This, however, represents only a portion of the actual transactions, as vast quantities of butter and eggs were also supplied to their jiatrons. The plant comprises a quarter of an acre of ground at the intersection of .Stockbridge and Willow streets, the imjirovements consisting of a large two-story brick storage warehouse, fitted up with refrigerators and all neccssarv appliances, with which arc connected the offices, and, at the rear, the stables. A force of twentv-seven men is emploved, and deliveries are made at stated hours by nine one-liorse wagons. The .Association handles butter and eggs at wholesale and retail, and sup))lies most of the hotels and restaurants, besides many retail dealers. President and Treasurer Allen resides at Longnieadow. He is an energetic gentleman of great industry, and ranks high in business circles. 56 INLAND .M.\>SAl 111 >l r 1 > 1 l.l.l > IK ATKI). THE DAVIS LEVEL AND TOOL CO., Manufacturers of Hardware Specialties and Machinists' Supplies — No. 30 Taylor St.; Warehouse, No. 79 Chambers St., New York. ( )t tlie miineruus industries tliat Spi iiigtkld can boa.st the manufacture o( tools and nieclian- ics' supplies is among the most important. 'i"lie most conspicuous local representative of tills interest, .111(1 oiil- (if the hut'L-^t in the- coimtrv. is the I )avis Level and 'I'ool Companv, - ^tablishcdl.yMr. L.L I Mvis in 186S. 'I'he pre- sent style was adopted II 1S75, the intention be- ing to incorporate the concern, \v h i c h ii a s lever been done, Mr. I >avis retaining sole iiitrol. The works iccupv one entire floor, 50 X 90 feet, of the large ' hree-storv brick build- 1:; No. 30 Taylor street, 11(1 are eciuipjied in the St manner with all re- iiisite machinery, A Idle the private and [Sw^ fuisiness otihces are ^ -""^ commodious and hand- somely ai>])ointed. From fifteen to twenty-live first-class mechanics are employed, and the out]Hit is disposed of to the trade through the general warehouse and salesrooms at Xo. 79 Chambers street. New York, or e.xported largely to dreat Ikitain, France, Germany, Australia, and other countries. Mr. Davis, the founder and general business manager, is a native of I.aconia, N. II., a courteous and obliging gentleman, a broad-minded and liberal citizen, and a thorough-going, jjrogressive, and successful manufacturer and merchant. The specialties (jf this house embrace full lines of hardware specialties and machinists' supplies, including adjustable spirit iihimbs, levels, and inclinometers, iron ])ocket levels, builders' levels and level gla.sses, patent ratchet bit braces, improved iron-block planes, car- l)enters' and machinists' marking awls, jewelers' screw-drivers, hack saws, breast drills, thread gauges, tlrill and lathe chucks, combination cali|)ers, Marshall's universal squares, ]ilaner jacks, Huell's "Giant " hollow-handle tool sets, "Champion " amateur scroll chucks, "Cham- ]>ion " independent jaw chucks, iini)rovcd geared or pinion key chucks, independent reversible jaw chucks, and many other useful and valuable imi)lements. A new and im|)ortant device that will interest all railroad men is Johnson's patent car brake, which o|)erates by means of a lever, lies low, is situated where the brakeman is e.vposed to no danger, is instantly apj^lied and released, is strong and light, is cheap, durable, and reliable, takes up all slack caused by wear, all parts made in du])licate, .saving cost of repairs; the frames are interchangeable, are out of the way of brakeman's lantern, and the long lever down when brake is on or off. ilili 111 111110^ Ifiiliijiiiliiijijlji' Jji jji III III 111 HI 111 III 111 ___^ 181 11 1 III ll THE H. PORTER COMPANY. L. L Whitman and E. M. Coats — Distillers of Pure Rye Gin, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Wines and Liquors — Nos. 97 and 99 State St. This house was founded in 17.S1 by Mr. Harvey I'orter, uiuler whose management and that of his successors it was conducted up to iSSo, when .Mr. Whitman became the jiurchaser, the plant including the fam(jus old .Agawam rye gin (li>.tillerv and the great warehouse at Nos. 97 and 99 State street, this city, three stories in height with commodious cellar under all, where immense stocks of choice imported wines, brandies, gins, rums, and cordials are car- ried, and whence the jiroduct of their own distillery is shipped to the trade, which is confined princi])allv to the Connecticut valley, though considerable sales are made to dealers through- out New F.ngland, New York, and the West. A leading specialty is made of their own brand of pure rve gin, an article that for generations has maintained a high reputation wherever known, and is still kept up to the original standard. Mr. Whitman resides at .Agawam, where he superintends the manufacturing department, Mr. Coats living in Springfield and acting as general business manager. 15oth are pleasant and popular gentlemen, ( )(ld Fellows and Klks, while Mr. Coats Ijelongs to the Winthrop and several sporting clubs. Mr. Whitman is also an honorarv member of Wilcox Post, G. A. R. INLAND iMASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 57 FORBES & WALLACE, Importers and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Dry Goods, Cloaks, Fancy Goods, Millinery, Notions, Furnishing Goods, Books, Toys, etc. — Nos. 390 and 392 Main St., Cor. Vernon. '■"'J'cmpcra viiitdntiir.'" Very likelv the simple-minded and strait-laced ruvitaiis who founded this colony of Massachusetts l>ay, and their immedi- ate successors who pushed into the wilderness and planted the germ which has since developed into tiie lieautiful and populous city of .Springfield, never imagined that the time would come when their descendants would forsake the plain but comical attire, hard fare, frugal ways, and gloomy religion im- ported in the Mayflower to disport themselves in silks, purple, and fine linen, fare sumptuously every day, make themselves friends of the mam- mon of unrighteousness, tolerate the (^)uaker and the papist, kiss their own wives and other men's daughters on .Sundav, and have a good time gener- ally after the manner of reasonable creatures. It is just as well that they can't come back to chill us with their frowns, for the way people set them- selves to "enjoy the good the gods provide " in our day is quite enough to revivify and distract old Deacon Chapin. If he could only climb down from his pedestal and take a stroll along Main street with Bible and staff, one glance at the interior of Forbes «& Wallace's dry goods palace would be sufficient to " break him all up," and Springfield might be thus bereft of one of her most hideous attractions. To come to the point : The times demand that men and women show their self-respect and respect for others by arraying themselves as richly as their circumstances will permit. In order to obey this imperious mandate it is necessary that responsible merchants of ripened judgment provide them the means in exchange for a reasonable quid pro quo. This is just what Messrs. Forbes & Wallace have been doing for the past fourteen or fifteen years and ])ur])ose continuing to do as long as they can make it profitable. Tiie house owes its existence to Messrs. A. B Forbes and [. M. -Smith, who in 1S66 established a modest retail store on the north corner of Main and Vernon streets under the style of P'orbes & Smith. They afterward removed to the Barnes block, diagonally oppo- site, and were fast increasing their trade, when Mr. Smith retired and removed to Boston. In iS74the present firm of Forl)es & Wallace was formed by the admission of Mr. A. li. Wallace, and from that time the advancement of the concern to a commanding position in the mercan- tile world was both rapid and substantial. From a retail trnde of moderate pro]X)rtions they have developed a great wholesale dry goods, millinery, and notion house with retail depart- ments, transact a business of enormous proportions, and have not more than one rival in this part of the .State in i)oint of sales and influence. As a matter of fact their building is the largest and their facilities the most complete and e.xtensive of any dry goods house outside of Boston, and frequent enlargements and improvements are recpiired in order to meet growing demands upon their resources. The premises occupied — which, by the way, lielong to the firm — comprise the great Barnes block, remodeled, Nos. 390 and 392 Main street and Nos. I to 25 Vernon street, four stories on tiie first and five on the last-named thorouglifare. A great storage basement extends under all, and the entire edifice is heated by steam, innumer- able electric lights rendering the whole interior as bright as day — an illumination that is heightened by an abundance of lofty windows. Three i)assenger elevators are placed conven- iently by means of which customers, visitors, and employes are quickly and easily transferred FORBES lS: WALLACE S WHOLESALE UEPARTMEiNT. 58 INLAND MASSACHUSKTIS ILLUSTRATED. from floor to floor, tluis savint; a vast amount of the severest kind of labor. The pay-rolls contain the names of over two lumclred salespeople, clerks, etc. In the retail branch Messrs. Forbes iV Wallace maintain nineteen separate departments, each carrying its distinct line of sjiccialties in silks, dress goods, woolens, cloaks, linens, fancy goods, notions, books, toys, and — joy of the ladies' hearts — millinery in endless variety, imported and domestic, from the latest I'arisian novelty to the cheapest straw or chip hat. This store is fitted u]) with the I.amson cash railway system. The building on Vernon street is jjariially occupied by the wholesale, shipping, and cloak manufacturing departments, all fully stockecl and reaiiv to fill orders from the trade at New York and IJosion quotations and at a great saving of time. IJuyers will find here evervthing suitable to this market, and will consult their own interests by inspecting goods and ])rices before placing orders. Three traveling salesmen cover the firm's territorv — Western and Central Massachusetts, Mastern New York, and portions of Connecticut, New Ilanipsliire, and Vermont. Two wagons are recpiired for city deliveries. JJoth members of the firm are of Scottish birth, active, energetic, and enterprising, and connected with many of .Si)ringfield's social and other institutions. They maintain branch houses in New York, Manchester, Knglancl ; Chemnil/, (krniany; Paris, France, and St. Gall, Switzerland. FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF SPRINGFIELD. James Kirkham, President; D. A. Folsom, Cashier; James W. Kirkham, Assistant Cashier; F. L. Safford, Teller— No. 455 Main St. The I-"irst Xational was one of the earliest organizetl under the National banking system, and is numbered fourteen, the charter dating from 1S63. James Kirkham has been president from the first — a period of twenty-si.\ years. .Vt first the capital stock' was 5150,000, but it has been increased twice, to 5300,000 and afterward to 5400,000. Directors — James Kirk- ham, president; John .S. Carr, Kliphalet Trask, 1'.. Frank Steele, John Olmsted, John West, W. II. Wesson, and II. J. lieebe — all [jrominent citizens and leaders in business and public enter])rise. The First National throughout its entire career has been managed upon the principle that the interests of the bank and its patrons are identical. The result is seen in the vast sums regularly deposited and in the volume of first-class paper discounted. Prompt and painstak- ing attention is also given to foreign and domestic exchange, collections, and everv function of legitimate banking. The subjoined official statement of September 30 shows the eminently satisfactory condition of the institution : — I.lAIUI.riTES. Capital .stock paid in $400,000 00 Surplus fund 150,000 00 L'ndivided profits 26,053 02 National bank notes outstanding 44.000 00 Dividends unpaid 693 00 Individual deposits subject to check 628,231 77 Demand certificates of deposit 97-56350 Due to other national banks 4.9^3 38 RESOURCES. Loans and discounts $1,023,113 17 Overdrafts, secured and unsecured 24 23 U. S. bonds, to secure circulation 50,000 00 Stocks, securities, judgtuents, claims 59,943 63 Due from approved reserve agents 62,225 31 Due from other national banks >4,ii9i 3S Due from state banks and bankers 72 15 Real estate, furniture, and fixtures 64,64600 Other real estate 5,000 00 Current expenses and taxes paid. 4,290 95 Premiums paid 4,000 00 Checks and other cash items 3,253 41 Exchanges for clearing house 4,56670 Bills of oiher banks 4,326 00 Fractional paper currency, nickels, and cents 10264 Specie 4O1663 10 Legal tender notes . ■ . 8,147 0° Redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer 5 per cent, of circulation. 2,250 00 Total 5r. 351, 524 67 Total. $1,351,524 67 CHARLES A. CALL, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Fancy Groceries, Canned Goods, German and French Delicacies — No. 144 State St. Mr. Call, who established himself some fifteen vears ago in the Paid< building, corner of State and Market streets, made a phenomenal success of his venture, building up a trade that outgrew his accommodations, and finally he purchased, in 1.SS6, the fine large four-story granite front structure, 23x00 feet, at No. 144 State street, where, jirovidcd with ample stor- age and other facilities, he is enabled to meet the demands of a growing trade in a satisfactory manner. Five active and attentive salesmen are kejit busv filling orders and two fine wagons delivering goods to city and suburban customers and to the railroads for shipment to out-of- INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 59 town buyers, his vvliolesale branch sup])lying dealers and large consumers all over Western Massachusetts and adjacent portions of Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Vermont. A gen- eral line of fancy groceries of every description, canned goods, etc., carefully selected in the best markets, form his staples, while si)ccialties are made of choice French and German deli- cacies and rare fruits in glass. Mr. Call, a native of Springfield, is a representative business man and citizen. lie was formerly connected with the Hemis & Call Hardware and Tool Comjjany, and is still one of its directors. lie was for several years a member of the city council and alderman in 1S83, '84, and '85 — the last year president of the board. He is now serving his second term as representative of the Eighth (Hampden) district in the Legislature, is a charter member of Roswell Lee I>odge F. and A. M., a Knight Templar, and a member of the Winthrop club. NEWELL BROTHERS MANUFACTURING CO., Manufacturers of Covered and Ivory Buttons — Foot of Howard St. ; Salesrooms, No. 25 Mercer St., New York. It is a little curious that some of the very industries that one would naturally suppose were certain to seek the big cities — the centers of distribution — are found flourishing at inte- rior points. This applies with especial force to Springfield, where numerous illustrations are seen. One of the most striking of these is the great button-making industry carried on by the Newell Ero-;. Manufacturing Company at the foot of Howard street near the New York, New Haven & Hartford railroad tracks, where their premises cover an acre and a half of ground. The buildings, herewith illustrated, are five in number, all of three stories — one 30 -x 125, one 40 X 80, and a third 35 x 76 feet, the latter containing the handsome otifices. The warehouses, boiler and engine-house, etc., are proportionatelv extensive. The machinerv equi|5ment is first-class and includes much that is of special design and not found elsewhere. The force of operatives varies with the season from 250 to 330, and the output averages 3.000 gross of buttons of all kinds per diem. The pr<^ducts of this comjianv, comprising every descri])tion of cloth-covered and ivory and fine pearl goods, rank with the best of American or foreign manufacture, and are eagerly sought by merchant and manufacturing tailors every- where. The works were established by Nelson C. and Samuel R. Newell at Longmeadow in 1848, and removed to Springfield in 1864. Samuel R. Newell died in 1879, whereupon the present company was organized and incorporated with a working capital of $100,000. Officers: Nelson C. Newell, president and treasurer; William C." Newell, secretary. Howard N Newell is factory superintendent, and the salesrooms are at No. 2 c; Mercer street, New York, where the company is also agent for the Dickinson Hard Rubber'Companv of this city, which is managed by .Albert W. Newell — the three last-named being sons of the president. All are prominent and public-spirited citizens. 6o INLAND MASSACHUSFTTS IMISTRA lED. J. S. MARSH & SON, Wholesale and Retail Grocers— No. 398 Main St. Joel Smith Marsh was born at Ilardwick, Mass., October 21, 1S03, and came to Spring- field in 1S32. He soon afterward formed a coi)artnership with Theodore Stearns, which con- nection lasted until 1S54, when he took into the concern his sons Charles S. and George. After various changes they removed to the location they have ever since occupied, bought for the purpose — the Harnes block. No. 398 Main street. The elder Mr. Marsh has not for some vears engaged actively in business, his son Charles having assumed the laborious duties of manager. Tiie store is a very large one, 30 feet front, 160 feet dee]), with rear extension 15 x 20 feet, and carries immense stocks of staple and fancy groceries, sugars, coffees, teas, manufactured tobaccos, shelf and canned goods, spice.s, grocers' sundries, etc., skillfully selected for this market, and which are supplied to the trade and large consumers at prices and on terms more favorable than can be offered by Boston and Xew York importers. Ten men are employed, and sales are very large. CHAUNCEY L. MOORE & CO., Artist Photographers -No. 419 Main St., Up Stairs. Sensible people seldom go to the i)hotographer, ant! wiien they do it is for a definite ])ur- pose — that of procuring a life-like portrait, natural in pose and e.\])ression, that will be recog- nized bv all who know them and that will recall to their children their loved lineaments when the originals are dust and ashes. This is the class of customers the_ conscientious artist prefers. Such an artist is Mr. Chauncey L. Moore, who has been established in this city since 1857, for twenty-one years of that time associated with his brother under the firm name and stvle of Moore Brothers. Moore & Co. 's establishment is far and away the largest and finest of the kind in the State west of I'oston, occui)ying the second floor of the handsome granite front structure No. 419 Main street, formerly the Rcpubliitut building. .\t the front are two commodious and richlv appointed parlors, and at the rear the great operating room. 46 .\ 65 feet, fitted up in magnificent stvle with sky and side lights so arranged that full length shadow pictures are taken without ditliculty — the only operating room in the city that will admit of this. The equipment of cameras is complete, as is that of the usual accessories, all of the best and latest improved styles, and suited to every variety of work. Seven carefully trained assistants are emploved, and nothing is permitted to leave the studio until in tone and finish it satisfies the most critical scrutiny. I'ictures in crayon, India ink, pastel, and water colors are specialties in which this establishment excels, while the mountings are unexceptionable, the firm having sole control in Springfield of Talcott's ])atent glass mount, and framing pictures in any desired style. F. E. LADD, Dealer in Jewelry, Diamonds, Watches, Clocks, etc. — No. 436 Main St. Mr. Ladd, a native of Montpelier, Vt., and a skilled practical jeweler, was employed by Mr. A. (J. Tavlor from 1880 to 18S5, when he bought out and has since conducted the estal> lishment on his own account. His store — one-half of the ground floor at No. 436 Main street — is commodious, neatly arranged, and fully stocked with a well-selected line of choice goods, embracing a fine assortment of set and imset diamonds and other precious stones, rich jewelry in novel designs, superior imj^orted and American gold and silver watches, silver and plated ware, fancy goods in silver, gold, crystal, and enamel, French, Ccrman, and .\merican clocks, etc., all of which are olfered at lowest figures and sold under guarantee. .\ specialty in which Mr. Ladd excels is the rcjiair of watches, clocks, and jewelry, and ])artics having work of that kind to do will save time, money, and vexation by sending it to him. Mr. Ladd stands high in this community as citizen and business man. lie is a prominent member of Hampden Lodge F. and \. M., and Past ('.rand of De Soto Lodge I. f). ( ). F. QUILTY BROS., Successors to P. Quilty & Sons — Merchant Tailors — No. 485 Main St , Opposite Court Square. If skill, industry, and integrity count for anything in this commimity, the above-named firm is certain to prosper and become famous, for both members, William J. and J. P. Quilty, are distinguished for those traits, and, though young men, already have a wide and growing circle INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 6i of friends and patrons among fastidious dressers. Both members of the firm, reared in Spring- field, were bred to the trade of practical tailoring in boyhood under the personal supervision of their father, and in 1S79 became members of the firm of P. (^)uilty & .Sons, which firm was dissolved upon the retirement of the senior member in iSSi, Ouilty Brothers succeeding. They have a neat store iS x 28 feet, provided with two large show vvindows in front which furnish ample light. Here they show a superb line of rare imported woolens in late stvles, together with appropriate trimmings, and are prepared to make to order fashionable clothing in single garments, business or dress suits, overcoats, etc., in superior style, fit, workmanship and finish equal to anything offered in Boston or New York, and at moderate prices. Both are accomplished artist cutters, and they employ only the very best workmen, eight in number. Fine merchant tailoring is their specialty, and they enjoy, as' they deserve, the confidence and patronage of the nobbiest dressers in the city. M. W. BULL & CO. Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Sportsmen's Supplies — No. 445 Main St. Mr. Milan W. Bull is just the man to FisftijG.T^' r ■m^JHs manage successfully a first-class spoit ing goods em])orium, as will be seen b\ his record, briefly given below. In 1SS7 he bought out the stock and ti.xtures of L. H. Mayott, remodeled, refitted, and restocked the establishment, making it the principal one of the kind in Western Massachusetts. So much so, indeed, that the distinctive appellation of head quarters is not misplaced. The demands upon his time as a distinguished rifle man were, however, of such a nature as to render it impossible for him to gi\e undivided personal attention to his busi ness, and he therefore, in the spring of iSSS, secured a worthv partner in the person of Mr. Paul X. Demau, who h i^ general charge of the firm's pecuniai\ and trade interests, and manages the ele- gant store at No. 445 Main street in a manner that gives satisfaction to all concerned. Mr. Demau v.-as contractor for the Smith & Wesson fire-arms for eleven years, has a thorough knowledge of fire-arms and a natural a]5titude for the same, and is an e.xpert in shot-gun trap shooting. He is a native of Montpelier, Vt., where he was born in 1854, and from early youth has been an ardent sportsman with shot-gun and fishing rod. The premises comprise the jirincipal salesroom with basement beneath, each 20 x 100 feet, the latter used for storage purposes, while the ground floor is conveniently and neatly arranged for the display of a stock that represents the best productions and latest improvements in outdoor sporting appliances — a superb assortment of single and double shot-guns of all grades, rifles of the latest and best patterns, beautifullv finished and effective revolvers, anmiunition for every variety of weapon, fishing tackle, and appurtenances without end, A. G. Spalding's base ball goods, lawn tennis requisites — in short, anvthing and evervthing in any desired style for the use of the hunter, the sharpshooter, the fisherman, or the devotee of popular outdoor games. Bull & Co. are also sole Springfield agents for the celebrated ".\merican " powder and fi.xed ammunition of every description. .Several salesmen are ready to wait courteouslv on visitors and buvers, and everybodv is welcome. Mr. Bull, a native of Windsor, Vt., has resided here for some years, and re]5resents Ward five in the citv council. He graduated as a tool-maker from the Springfield armorv, where he developed a passion for fire-arms, the cultivation of which has made him famous in both hemi- spheres, and covered his breast with medals won in rifle contests with the crack marksmen of England and America, besides the military championshi]^ at Creedmoor in 1886 — among them those of South Framingham, Creedmoor, and Chicago, the latter in the international shooting match. At the Chicago skirmish match of 1SS7 he made 91 points out of a ]>ossible 100, and carried off a su])erb diamond-studded gold medal. He was the onlv representative of Spring- field who visited England with the American team in 18S3, and ac(|uitted himself with honor, using there as elsewhere the " Springfield " military rifle, as again on the famous visit of 1889. He is i^resident of the Western ^lassachusetts Rifle Association, a member of the Sjiringfield Shooting Club, and of Co. B, Citv Guard, and a sergeant in the Second regiment Massachu- setts militia. Among other honors conferred upon him was his selection to accompany the Massachusetts militia rifle team to England the present year. 62 :\LAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. BURGIN BROTHERS, Awning and Tent Makers, and Dealers in Awning Supplies — No. 17 Market St. Military uses aside, the tent is fast growing in popularity as an adjunct to outdoor s|)orts, and for the shelter of excursion parties to the woods and lakes. The awning in its old form for shading store fronts and similar uses retains its former favor, while as a lu.xury for the windows of well-to-do people it steadily gains ground. In a word, the awning and the awning- maker find themselves in greater request each summer than ever before. Among the most l)rominent rejjrescntativcs of this industry in New I'ingland is the firm of Burgin IWothers, No. 17 Market street, Springfield. It occujjies two U|)per floors — about 3,000 scpiare feet of space — employ five work pco])le, anci do a vast amount of first-class work in the line of tents and awnings of every description, carrying in stock a su|)erior line in various styles or making to order as i)re- ferred. They also keep on hand a large assortment of canvas and liunting, and with the best facilities are enabled to supjily flags, banners, sails, wagon covers, etc., at short notice. They have in stock and for hire a number of tastv sidewalk awnings for weddings, bails, receptions, parties, etc., as well as tents for camjjing, tournaments, lawn parties, and similar occasions. A specialty is made of their patent "combination tent," illustrated herewith. When used as a tent it is j% feet scpiare, 9 feet high in the center, with an awning for the entrance at one or both ends, 5 feet out, 7 '^ feet wide, and 6 feet higii. As a canopy it j's octagon in shape, iS feet in diameter, 9 feet high in the center, and 6 feet high at the edge. Can be set or changed from tent to canopy in five minutes, or vice versa. This combination tent makes a splendid shelter for the children or for a lawn party. Price complete, with poles, stakes, and ropes, $12.50, in strijicd awning cloth, blue or brown. Hurgin Hrothers also do a large business in decorating for balls, parties, and weddings, and the embellishment of j)ublic buildings, lawns, etc. The house was founded in 1.S73 by Thomas liurgin, senior, who admitted his son Thomas in 1S75. ^^^ second son, Alfred, was taken into the firm in 1877, and from that time until the death of the father, in June, iSSS, the style remained IJurgin & .Sons. Subsequent to the event named Edwin ISurgin joined his brothers, and the firm name assumed the present form. The trade of the house e.\tends all over western Massachusetts, southern \'ermont, and New Ilainpshire, and is growing at a gratifying rate, last year's sales footing up 3iS,ooo. AUGUST MITSCHKE, Merchant Tailor— Rooms 6 and 7 Fuller's Block, No. 317 Main St. Mr. Mitschke, who established him.self in this city in 1884, has in the comparatively brief period that has since elapsed made for himself a first-class reputation as an artistic cutter of refined and educated taste, and built up a large and prosperous connection, carrving an unusually large and carefully selected stock of fine imported woolens, silk and satin linings, trimmings, etc., employing only the best talent and materials, and making a point of prompti- tude, the latest styles, and superior workmanship. Previously located elsewhere, on the com- pletion of Puller's splendid new business block he secured bcautifullv lighted and commodious quarters on the second floor — rooms Nos. 6 and 7 — for the (lisi)lav "f goods and cutting (lepartment, and ancjther large room in rear for workshop, where ten skilliul tailors are kept busy. Of middle age, Mr. Mitschke is a native of Germany and a resident of Springfield for twenty-two years, during the greater jiart of which time he was cutter for the late Mr. Schober, on whose death he succeeded to the business. WARWICK MARKET. C. P. Kibbe & Co. — Dealers in Chicago Dressed Meats, Fresh and Salt Fish, Oysters, Game, etc. — No. 228 Main St. Mr. C. P. Kibbe is known to everybody as one of Springfield's tnost energetic citizens, interested in numerous business enterprises, all of which aresuccessfullv prosecuted under his personal supervision. The Warwick Market venture he established in 1SS6 and two years later, in 188S, admitted to a co-partnership Mr. K. C. Sheldon, an e.xperienced dealer in'food products, who, however, retired on October ist of the present year and Mr. Charles S. Cooley, who had been with Mr. Sheldon, on liridge street, for two years, was admitted in his stead. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 63 Since the inception of the Ijusiness the Waiwiclc Marlict has flourished as no other concern of the ]ius; all cash values are tixed by law, are certain, and are l^lainly written on the policy. .\t age 25, for cxamjile, 5io,ooo insurance will cost, exclusive of dividends, $272.80 per annum, or 55,456 for twenty years, when it will be fullv ]iaid up for life, and will steadily increase in cash value yearly. Should the insured need monev, how- ever, he may surrender his policy at the end of the term indicated and receive therefor the sum of 54,163.60, having consccpienlly carried a life ]iolicy for 5io,oootwcntv vcars for 51,292.40, or 56.46 i)er 5i,000 per annum — very much less than it would have cost him in anv co-opera- tive or fraternal insurance society. The same conditions hold good in ]iro]iortionate ratio as regards ])olicics issued at any age u]) to 65. The provisions concerniTig residence, travel, occupation, suicide, dividends, proofs of death, etc., are extremely liberal, straightforward, and unmistakable, removing all unnecessary restrictions after two years and retaining only such as will protect the company against recklessness and fraud. The comi)any is sound to the core, conservative yet progressive, and in every way a model institution. Its investments are of INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 65 the best kind, consisting largely of government, city and county, railroad, gas and water bonds and stocks, real estate and collaterals. Following is the thirty-seventh official report, which shows the condition of the company on the 31st of December, 188S : — RECEIPTS IN 1SS8. Premiums ^1,667,543 71 Interest and rents 463,205 25 Total receipts $2,130,748 96 DISBURSEMENTS. Death claims $511,818 00 Matured endowments. . 143,659 00 Surplus returned to policy-holders in dividends... 209,564 00 Surrendered and canceled policies 196,747 58 Total payments to policy-holders $1,061,788 58 Commissions and salaries $335,768 61 Other expenses 92,866 54 428,635 15 Ta.xes and licenses paid Massachusetts and other insurance departments $22,425 64 Taxes on real estate 7,321 34 29,746 98 Expenses on real estate ' 21,63650 Re-insurance 28,17384 Premiums on securities purchased 8,386 41 Total disbursements $1,578,367 46 ASSETS. First mortgage loans on real estate $2,754,265 81 Loans secured by collaterals 577,600 00 Loans on company's policies in force 285,770 00 United States bonds 108,50000 City, county, township, and other bonds 867,424 60 Gas and water bonds 63 1 ,400 00 National bank stocks 21 ,802 00 Railroad bonds 1,879,888 50 Railroad and other stocks 693,198 05 Real estate 555,884 33 Premium notes on policies in force. . 524,271 04 Cash on hand and in bank 200,489 31 Interest and rents accrued 171,034 36 Premiums in course of collection (less cost of col- lection) 112,692 06 Deferred premiums (less cost of collection) 181,302 59 Total assets $9,565,522 65 LIABILITIES. Reserve by Massachusetts standard $8,746,007 00 All other liabilities 63,988 04 Total liabilities 8,809,995 04 Surplus by Massachusetts standard S'755.5-7 61 Number of policies issued in 1S88, 3,631, insuring $12,007,550 00 Number of policies in force December 31, 1S88, 18,767, insuring (including reversionary ad- <;litions) $49,480,584 00 The gains for i8S8 were as follows : In total number of policies in force, 1,079; '" amount of outstanding insurance, $4,128,815; in new insurance written, $2,000,000; in premium income for the year, $209,677.76; in interest and rents, $45,719.81 ; in surplus, $75,797.38; in total assets, $553,143.11. The company's building, originally erected in 1S66, was partially desfroved bv frre Febru- ^^y 5. 1S73. but rebuilt, much enlarged and greatly improved, and re-occupied in the following 66 INI. AND MASSAC HUSKTTS ILLL'STRATEU. December. Our engraving gives a general view of tlie front. The structure is 45. \ no feet, four stories, of brick, with brown stone front and iron and slate mansard root. The ground floor is rented for banking jjurposes ; the president's, secretary's, and directors' private otiices are on the second Mnor; the general agents' and a number of business otiices are on the third floor, and the top tioor is set aside for a superb masonic hall. Twenty-three clerks, bookkeepers, etc., are emjiloved. President Edgerlv has held his present position since 18S5, when he suc- ceeded Ephraim W. Bond. Mr. John A. Hall has been secretary since February i, iSSi. F. B. WILDER, Importer, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Fancy Dry Goods and Novelties— Nos 313 and 315 Main St. Wilder's large and splendidlv-api)ointed store, occujjving the ground floor, 36 .\ 115 feet, of Fuller's handsome building, is a leading feature of Main street and .Springfield hcadcpiarters for the specialties coming under the head of fancy dry goods and novelties, of which large stocks are carried, usually to the value of 540,000. Mr. Wilder has only been established here about eight years, vet his commercial ])rosperity has been such that already the accommoda- tions provided have grown too contracted for his steadily growing trade, and an ad- dition of one story at the rear, 40. \ 42 feet, was erected last summer. Twenty- eight salespeo])le, clerks, etc., are em- ployed on the premises, their services being required for the most ])art in wait- ing u|)on city retail buyers, two accom- plished salesmen looking after the joh- l)ing trade on the road, selling largely to small dealers in the various railroad towns of this and adjoining States. .Mr. Wilder imports direct in large quantities, and handling fancy dry goods and novelties exclusively — no dress goods — he is enabled to offer at all times the most seasonable styles at the earliest moment. A native of IJoston, he was formerly in the wholesale fancy goods and noveltv trade there, and is therefore tlujroughly experienced in all of its branches. His entire life since boyhood has been devoted to mercantile pursuits, and his only dejiarture therefrom of which there is any record was when, ins]iired by visions of military glory, he wore for four years the Massachusetts Volunteer militia uniform at the Hub. BAKER & COMPANY, Wholesale Harness, Saddlery, and Horse Clothing — No. 289 Main St. I'robably no New luigland house in the same branch of business is so well known or so widely patronized as this. Established in 1845 bv Howard lirothers, that firm subsetiuently sold out to Lee & Baker, Mr. Samuel Lee afterward retiring and Mr. Henry K. ISaker con- tinuing alone until 18S6, when he was succeeded bv Baker i.\: Com|)any — J. f'r., F. H., and L. B. Baker. Occupying the ground floor of the Wight block. No. 2S9 Main street, with a rear extension 25 x 75 feet for storage of goods in bulk. Baker tS: (.'omi^anv enjov cxceiuional facili- ties and carry a stock of the average value of S20,ooo, comprising everything pertaining to the trade — saddlerv and harness in all stvles, robes, blankets, whijis, etc., making a s]iecialty of the po|)ular " Baker " brand light harness, for which there is an established and constantly growing demand in this and adjacent States, where its merits are best known. Seven men are em])loyed, two of whom are commercial travelers, and sales average $100,000 per annum — to the trade onlv, the house doing a jobbing business exclusivelv. 'i'hc members of the firm are .ill natives of Stafford, Conn., and came to Springfield about eighteen vears ago. Thev are also interested in a furniture house at Stafford, and also in a woolen mill at Wilbraham, Mass., emjjloying fifty hands and producing 15,000 yards of cloth per month. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 67 SPRINGFIELD WEAVING COMPANY. D. B. Wesson, President; E W. Bond, Treasurer— Manufacturers of Narrow Silk, Wool, and Cotton Fabrics, Tapes, Bindings, Laces, Webs, etc.— No 48 Tay- lor St. ^ The late J. M. Stebbins and George T. ISond — the first as president, the second as treas- urer — were the founders of this prosperous industrial establishment, which began operations as an incorporated company in 1878 with a working capital of $30,000. Both of the gentle- men named died in 1886, having lived to see their venture succeed bevond their first anticipa- tions, with a capital increased in 1881 to $45,000, and a vastly augmented plant of machinery and other facilities. Five floors, each 50 .\ 80 feet, of the Springfield .Steam Power Company's building are devoted to the uses of the company, which employs about .seventy hands and a wonderJul collection of ingenious mechanical devices for the production of a line of special- ties in silk, cotton, and wool that embraces all of the more useful and popular narrow fabrics — stay bindings, galloons, boot and shoe webs, bed laces, hoop skirt and bustle tapes, oil cloth and Prussian bindings, non-elastic webs for all purposes, etc. These goods are distributed to the trade of this country and Canada through the great jobbing house of Banning, Conover & Co., No. 7 Mercer street, New York. D. J. MACK, Merchant Tailor — No. 502 Main St., Cor. State, Second Floor. "The apparel oft ])roclaims the man." Only the artistic tailor, possessed of a cultivated sense of the eternal fitness of things, is capable of making the most of our physical perfec- tions and of toning down our defects in such a manner as to produce in the garments designed for us a harmonious whole, and it is to him we must turn when disappointed bvand disgusted with the ready-made clothing man and the machine tailor alike. .Such an artist is Mr. D. J. Mack, a native of Springfield and an educated and experienced cutter, successful in all branches of his calling, who established himself over Foot's hardware store, south corner of Main and State streets, in 1SS2, and by close attention to business, great skill, and prompti- tude has built up a growing and extensive trade with the best class of well-dressed men in the citv and vicinity for a distance of twenty-five or thirty miles. Mr. Mack occupies commodious and handsomelv ap])ointed rooms, carries a laige and varied stock of choice imported woolens in all the jjopular styles, together with appropriate trimmings, etc., does his own designing and cutting, employs six first-class workmen, and makes to order, at short notice and on reasonable terms, in the best style of the art, every description of outer garments for gentlemen and youths — everything, from a single pair of trousers or waistcoat to a complete dress suit or costly overcoat. Mr. Mack has recentlv opened a branch establishment in the Delaney marble block, corner of Dwightand High streets, Holyoke, where he carries a comprehensive stock and is doing a good business. E. C. GOLDSMITH, Photographic and Crayon Artist — No. 374 Main St Mr. C.oldsmith came to this citv from his native .State — Maine — about sixteen years ago- and for a time was in the employ of Blodgett IJrothcrs. Nature evidently had not intended him for a clothing salesman, however, as he availed himself of the first opportunity to acquire a thorough practical knowledge of ]ihotography — a pursuit which chimed with his inclinations, and which he mastered verv cpiickly so far as mefe technique goes, then devoted himself to study and experiment, and for a considerable ]ieriod has enjoyed an enviable reputation as a first-class artist. He was formerly head of the firm of (ioldsmith & Lazelle, but for the past nine years has had no business assficiate. Mr. Croldsmith's elegant ]iarlors at No. 374 Main street comprise six commodious rooms, fitted up in beautiful style, the reception rooms forming an attractive gallery of art, while tiie toilet and operating apartments are supplied with every convenience, the latest improvements in apparatus, excellent light, and, in short, ail that can add to the completeness of appoint- ments and outfit. Five skillful photographers and crayon artists are employed under Mr. Goldsmith's i^ersonal supervision, and nothing is neglected to render the work done here perfect and pleasing. The patronage conferred upon Mr. Goldsmith is the best evidence of his skill and taste. The best peojilc of the citv and vicinity — many even coming from Connecticut — haliitually visit and send their friends to his studio, especially when life-size photograjjhic or crayon work is wanted — branches in which he excels — and none have ever had cause to go away dissatisfied. 68 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. EXCELSIOR STEAM LAUNDRY. F. B. Morse, Proprietor- Company as business solicitor for nine years. -Nos 2g and 31 Sanford St. Little tine laundry work is done at home ncnvadays, and many families entirely escajie the horrors of \vashin,t; day by sending all soiled clothes to the public laundrv, where the work is done quickly, neatly, much more styl- ishly than it is jjcjssible to do it with the usual household appliances, and at but slightly greater exi>ense, so that, all things considered, it is economy to patronize the steam laundrv even in the matter of ordinary washing, while very few gentlemen or ladies ever wear home-laun- dered collars, cuffs, laces, shirts, and kindred personal api)arel. The latest laundry entcr])rise in this city is the Excelsior, an enlirelv new establishment, opened at \os. 29 and 31 Sanford street May 27 last by Mr. F. 15. Morse. The K.xcelsior Laundry building was erected expressly for the purpose, and is of brick, 23 x 75 feet, four stories, with handsome front. In the base- ment are the fine new 20-horse-power boiler and i2-horse-])t)wer engiiu;, from which are de- rived hot water and steam for the machinery, the latter of the latest approved style and situ- ated on the first or ground floor. Twenty-five skilled ojicratives are employed iiere, and the office fronts .Sanford street. The work done here is bcvond criticism as regards jjurification, starching, and ironing. \o chemicals are used — nothing but water and the best of soaj), in conjunction with careful and skillful manipulation, and the utmost care is exercised to avoid injury to the goods. Col- lection and delivery is made free of charge. Mr. Morse is a Vermontcr, but for the past thirteen years a resident of this city, having been connected with the American I'ixpress He is young, energetic, and thorough-going. E. G. WASHBURN", Funeral Director — State and Dwight Sts. This is .Springfield's leading umlertakiiig house, and a si)kiulidly equipped establishment, occui)ying a handsome three-story brick building fronting 77 feet on .State and too feet on Dwight street, with commodious residence and spacious stables attached, the whole fitted up with steam heat, gas lighted by the electric spark, night bells, speaking tubes, reception rooms, sejiarate apartments for the storage of caskets, robes, trimmings, etc., a well-ap])ointed morgue, emljalming department, and, in short, everything ])ertaining to the business as con- ducted bv the most ])rogressive of modern funeral directors. Fine hearses, carriages, and horses, with careful and decorous drivers, are suj^plied in any desired number, and surviving friends may depend upon the best possil)le service, rendered in appropriate style, and moder- ate charges. A specialty is made of embalming for transportation or dc])osit in vault, and as this house is the sole projirietor and manufacturer of Washburn's celebrated combined embalming, deodorizing, and disinfectant fluid, in successfid use by undertakers everywhere, and has superior facilities of its own, the most satisfactory results are achieved. Seven assistants are employed, and the house has a very extensive first-class jiatronage. Mr. K. fL Washburn, formerly employed in the United States armory here, in 1S63 estab- lished himself in the mulertaking business on Sanford street, removing five years ago to the ]ircscnt site, when the establishment now occupied was erected, no expense being spared to make it complete in every department. He (lied last summer, but is ably succeeded by his sons i-;dward ('. and C. 1). The father was a prominent member of Hampden Lodge F. and A. .M., while lulward C. has taken the sublime thirty-second degree in the same order and is also a member of De Soto Lodge I. (). ( ). F. Chenev D. is a member of Hampden Lodge L O. (). F. INLAND IMASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 69 G. & C. MERRIAM & CO., Publishers of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary and Webster's Spelling Book — Office, Cor. Main and State Sts. "Get the best." Here is a motto that, faithfully carried out in letter and spirit, has sup- ]ilied the world with that most complete compendium of knowledge, Webster's Unabridged Dictionary — the acknowledged standard and arbiter of the English language and the most comprehensive, conveniently arranged, and accurate collection of useful information ujion all subjects relating to literature, history, science, and the arts ever attemjHed in a single volume. The latest addition — for the work has been revised, enlarged, and improved from time to time at vast outlay of labor, research, and money by the most renowned scholars of Europe and America — contains 2,012 pages, iiS,ooo words with their definitions, and numerous features of absorbing interest and immeasurable value to the student, the teacher, the man of letters, and all others whose calling or tastes lead to the pursuit of learning, ancient or modern, clear- cut, concise, and stripped of persiflage. To the 1879 issue was appended a sujiplement con- taining 4,600 words — many of them of recent coinage or ada]:)tation — together with a biograph- ical dictionary of 9,700 individuals of note since the dawn of civilization, with ]5ro])er pronun- ciation of names, nationalities, vocations, and periods. It would be impossible to do even partial justice to the work in a sketch of this character, and we cannot improve upon this svno])sis of its merits from the editor of a leading Southern newspaper : — The derivations and synonyms, the rules for and treatises upon orthography, etvmologv, and orthoepy afford boundless facilities for self-instruction, and the youth who is denied scholastic tuition may pursue his studies alone. Through it he has a comprehensive insight into the science of our language and in it a lexicon of all that appertains to other sciences. Three thousand pictorial engravings supplement worded definitions of terms. Several hun- dred quotations, words, and phrases from the Greek, I>atin, and modern foreign languages popular in English composition, with their translations into English, form a part of an appen- dix to the body of the work. Illustrative quotations from philosopher and poet lend a liter- ary charm to almost every page. It is an intellectual store-house, filled with the artistic, scientific, historic, and legendary lore of every age and country, convenient in arrangement and terse in condensation. It represents a century of research, careful thought, and pains- taking compilation on the part of eminent philologists, aided by linguists and men of letters in everv leading profession, and of both English and foreign tongues. Several hundred thousand copies of the different sizes of Webster's dictionaries have from first to last been issued. More than 50,000 copies have been placed in the public schools of this countrv, by legislative enactments or school officers. Webster is the authority in Con- gress, in the Legislatures, and in the courts of law, and by common consent of all the leading authorities of the age it is the best dictionary of the English tongue in existence. They are sent all over the globe wherever the English language is spoken. "Webster's Speller " is another of the Webster series. Of it some 75,000,000 co])ies have been sold, and it is now being sold at the rate of about a million copies a year. The influence of this wonderful little educator upon the American mind, character, mode of thought, and manner of expression and pronunciation during a period of nearly three-quarters of a century can hardly be overesti- mated, and has unquestionably done more than all other agencies combined to efface national distinctions and peculiarities brought from other lands and combine all the youth of the coun- try into one homogeneous and patriotic mass. The world is indebted to George, Charles, and Homer Merriam for the develojiment of Webster's great works to their present commanding position in the world of learning. All were printers and practical book-makers, born at West Ihookfield, where they first engaged in business as E. & G. Merriam, removing to Springfield in 1831, when the style of G. & C. Merriam was adopted and so continued until 18S2, when " & Co." was added on the accession of Messrs. O. M. ISaker and H. C. Rowley, former trusted emjiloyes. Up to 1S42 the found- ers had devoted themselves assiduously to a general book and job printing and book-selling business, ably assisted in the printing by Mr. John M. Wood, an accom])lished old-time ])rinter, who became a partner in 1S42. May, 1S43, the event occurred ^'^-^^ gavescojie for the magnifi- cent business talents of all the members and spread the fame of the house throughout the earth — the death of Dr. Noah Webster and the purchase from his family of tlie copyright. Their first step was to have the Unabridged completclv revised bv Prof. Chauncey Goodrich, son-in-law of I~)r. Webster. It had jireviouslv been jirinted and l^ound in two volumes and sold at Si 5 and $20, dependent upon the stvle of binding, but they had it stercotyjied, l)ound in sheep, and sold it for $6. I'opularitv and vastly increased sales ensued and fully justified the innovation, and the returns were so satisfactory that they soon afterward purchased the copyrights of all of Webster's dictionaries and the si)clling-book. As before stated, the best talent in the world has been constantlv eni])loved without regard to cost, the best type, ink, presswork, and binding have been utilized, and in everv wav the firm has lived and worked closely upon the lines of its motto — "Get the Best." Dr. Webster's heirs have received nearly a quarter of a million dollars, the Merriams have realized comfortable fortunes, and 70 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILl.LSTRATED. mankind is wiser ami better for tlieir having lived. George and Charles Merriain have passed to their eternal reward; and Homer is still an active member of the firm and partici- pates in the management of the business, which is conducted in a beautiful and connnodiously fitted office in the building of the Springfield Institution for Savings, corner of Main and State streets. The work of manufacture is conducted at llie Riverside press, Cambridge FISK MANUFACTURING COMPANY. Geo. C. Fisk, President ; Noyes W. Fisk, Treasurer— Successors to L. I. Fisk & Co. — Sole Manufacturers of the Japanese Soap ; also Pale and Manufacturers' Soaps —Walker St. Since 1S3S, when Mr. T. T. Fisk began the manufacture of soaps the family name has occupied a leading position in the front rank of those who seek to benefit their fellow men and women by the encouragement of that virtue so highly e.xtoUed by the inspired writer, "cleanliness, which is next to godliness." Mr. L. I. Fisk, Geo. C. Fisk, and Xoyes W. Fisk succeeded their father under the name of L. I. F^isk & Co., and conducted the business until the death of L. I. Fisk in 18S0, when the present Fisk Manufacturing Com- pany was organized with tieorge C. Fisk as presiilont and Xoyes \\'. Fisk as treasiner. Provided with ample capital, long experience, and an abun- dant fund of energy and enterprise, the companv has prosjicred from the first, e.xtcniling its business in every direction, until it now covers New lingland, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, besides which considerable quantities of high grade soai)s are exported. The factorv buildings consist of a substantial tlnee-story brick structure 22 X 50 feet, a three-story frame 25 x So feet, and smaller buildings, s h e d s, vards, etc., covering in all one and a half acres. The handsome office is sej)- arate from the works, the latter being cquipi)ed with the latest improvecl machinerv and a|)])liances, the whole driven by a twenty-five-horse-jiower steam engine and a two-hundred-horse- powcr boiler. Thirty-five hands are cmploved, and the output is larger than that of anv similar factory in the Nc-w Fngland .States, the brands in- cluding the rent)wned " J a ]> a n e s e " bath and laundry soap and several styles of superior family soaps — '' ' ^'^- " Extra Pale," " White 1' r u s s i a n," " .Vmerican Flxtra," " Golden Rule," etc. The Japanese is the finest soap for general use in the market, made from absolutely inire ingredients by inqnoved jnocesses. possesses jieculiar detergent and healing properties, will not yellow, stick, or green the clothes like rosin soaps, and is a sovereign cure for and jireventive of sore and chap)>ed hands. Mr. \oves W. Fisk is the active man of the company. lie is a native of Hinsdale, X. H., born in 1S39, came to Springfield when twenty years of age, enlisted from here in the F'orty- sixth Massachusetts, and after the war was in the grocery business on Main street until 1S67, then engaged in manufacturing lampblack, was burned out, and then entered the soap works with his brothers. He has served seven years in the conunon council, and ten as water commissioner, and has been favorably mentioned for niavor. He is also well known and popular in business and social circles, being ]iresident and a trustee of the Winthro)) Club, trustee of the Springfield Commandery of Knights Templars, and of the School for Christian Workers. He is also a director of the Chicoiiec X'ational liank, the Springfield Wood Work- ing Companv, the Hampden Paint Works, and Masonic Mutual Insurance Companv. The position that he occupies in the social and business world to-day has been achieved by his own indefatigable energies and sterling integrity. Xoyes INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 71 FRANK BOLLES, JR., Designer and Engraver on Wood — Room 11 Wight Block, No. 285 Main St. The art of wood engraving has for hundreds of years engaged more or less directly the attention of leading minds throughout Christendom, and under the stimulus of praise' and emulation has developed to a point of perfection upon which it would seem that improve- ment, so far as essentials and results are concerned, is impossihle. Clianges have from time to time occurred in materials, in tools, and in processes ; some attempts have even been made to dispense altogether with the graver and the trained eve and skilled hand that guide it, photo-engrav- ing showing tlie best general results ; but all have failed in some important point, and the work of the artist wood en- graver continues to hold the place of honor, for purposes of illustration where finish and accuracy of detail is re- quired, against all comers. As might be expected of so famous a center of educa- tional culture, Springfield has its full quota of accomplished designers and engravers, conspicuous among wlunn is Mr. l-'iank llcillcs, jr., who, making a specialty of fine work on wood e.xclusively, enjovs the reputation of having no superior in the State. His cozy establishment in room 11 Wight block. No. 2S5 Main street, is supplied with all requisite appliances, is well lighted, and convenientlv situated. Two fine artists are employed as assistants, and a great deal of the highest class wood engraving done in this city is produced here, especial care being given to original book illustrations, catalogues, and designs for papeteries, including crests, monograms, initials, etc., used in printing and emboss- ing. Among the specimens shown us on the occasion of our visit were proofs from engrav- ings for the Stowell Manufacturing Companv of Poultnev, Vt., and a great varietv of work for the Xew England Engraving Companv of Middletown. Mr. liolles was born in Hartford, Conn. In the "late un]ileasantness " he served as a private in Companv K, Twenty-fifth Connecticut, and is a member of Robert O. Tvler Post, G. A. R., of Hartford, but resides at Windsor. He has at various times lived in New York city and Poughkeepsie. Some years ago he was in business with Henry Merritt, and subse- quently senior member of Frank Bolles, Jr., & Co. On the dissolution of that firm, he started his present establishment last Januarv. The full-page engraving of the Union depot, on another page, is a samj^le of Mr. Bolles' work. PYNCHON NATIONAL BANK. Charles Marsh, President; Geo. R. Bond, Cashier — Capital, $200,000; Surplus, $101,855— No. 484 Main St. This solid and steady-going institution was founded in 1853, when it was chartered as a State bank, in which capacitv it served the business i)ublic faithfuJIv and well during a ])eriod of twelve years, when, in 1S65, the National banking system offering greater facilities for usefulness, the bank was reorganized and chartered under the act of Congress. The capital, originally $150,000, was subsequcntlv, when incor]iorated as a National bank, increased to $200,000, and at the present time the surplus fund exceeds $100,000. H. N. Case, Esq., a noted citizen, was the first president, serving until 1S58, when he was succeeded by James Kirkham, who retired in 1S62, when Mr. Case was again installed and remained in office until his death. May 24, 1S.S9. Henry Alexander was cashier from 1853 to 1S5S ; Fred. H. Harris from 1S5S to 1S63 ; J I). Safford from 1S63 to 1S66, and Charles Marsh from iS66 to 18S9, when he was succeeded by Geo. R. Pond, Mr. Marsh being i)romoted to the presidency. The board of directors is composed of Messrs. Homer Foot, E. W. liond, James Abbe, Eaw- son Sibley, H. C. Rowley, and President Charles Marsh. The banking house, a substantial three-story brick building, was erected in 1S53, and for some years the Pynchon bank occupied the second and third floors, moving down stairs when incor|)orated as a National bank. The institution does a safe and conservative business in loans, deposits, collections, exchange, etc., and has done its full share in developing Springfield's material interests. 72 1NLA>;1) MASSACHUSKirs II.I.USTRATKD. F. L. GUNN, Railroad and European Steamship Agent— Dealer in Baby Carriages, Toys, etc.— No. 241 Main St. Mr. (uinii, who is a native of New I laven, Conn., has resided in Si)ring- tield some thirty vears. lie first en- gaged in business in 1S61, starting under his own name, the style afterward changing to Stod- dard & (hin-i and then to Gumi A: Merrill, which last firm for seventeen uit and toy house in the mient occupies the ground and with the a.ssistance of )v as clerk for twenty-five years, a verv handsome business is done in both departments. Railway tickets to any point in the United' States and steamship tickets to all European ports are sold on favor- able terms, and the stock of toys, including boys' and girls' velocipedes, tricycles, wagons, sleighs, toboggans, sleds, etc., is complete. Mr. Gunn is a member of Roswell Lee Lodge Freemasons, Springfield Commandery Knights Templars, Hampden Lodge Odd Fellows, and the Knights of Honor. He is a courteous gen- tleman, a good citizen, and an upright business man. present G. W. INGALLS & CO., Dealers in Boots and Shoes in All Grades and Styles — W. P. Marsh, Manager — No. 382 Main St. Mr. Ingalls, who resides in Boston, is probably the most extensive retail dealer in foot- wear on this continent. His headquarters in IJoston is one of the local features of the Hub, while branches are maintained in Worcester, S|)ringfield, and Holyoke, >Liss,, Syracuse, Klmira, Ithaca, Medina, Koine, Watertown, and Rochester, X. V., and other favorable locali- ties. The Springfield house was established in 1S79 by Mr. E. S. Fay, succeeded by parties who failed in the fall of iSScS, whereupon Mr. Ingalls bought up the bankrupt stock, secured a lease of the premises, refitted, refurnished, and rcstockeil the store, and )ilaced Mr. \V. P. Marsh, a former resident of Springfield, late of \ew \'ork, in charge. Mr. Marsh is well and favorably known here, is an experienced and conipetcnt shoe man, and under his careful direc- tion the establishment is fast recovering the ground lost by Mr. Fay, gaining legions of new patrons, and bids fair to rank at the head of the trade in this city. It is an extensive estab- lishment, 20x 125 feet, beautifully and conveniently arranged, and stocked to rejiletion with everv variety of boot and shoe suitable to this market, from the finest and costliest to the coarsest and cheajiest, sjiecialties being made of superior hand-made goods for ladies' and gentlemen's wear in the most apjiroved stvles of common-sense and French shapes. Low prices and polite attendance are the mottoes. Mr. Marsh was born in Brooklyn. During the war he served as captain of Company F, Eighth Connecticut infantry for two years and a half, when he was discharged on account of failing health. E. C. SHELDON & SON, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Meats and Provisions — Packers and Curers of Meats, etc. — No. 31 Bridge St. No calling has a more direct hearing upon the dailv life of the iH-o|ile, is more closely related to their subsistence, than that of the curcr of and dealer in meats and provisions. Of local jiackers none r.re more favorably known than the house of E. C. Sheklon & Son of No. ^i Bridge street, established in 1S71 by the senior member, Mr. A. E. .Sheldon being admitted three vears ago last August, when the style of IC. C. Sheldon & Son was adopted. .Sejitember 2 of the ]5resent year the elder Mr. Sheldon retired, whereupon a co]iartnership was formed between Messrs. A. E. Sheldon and G. T. Childs — the latter for some time book-keeper of the INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 73 house. The former style was retained, and the young men have already introduced new meth- ods that cannot fail of \astly increasing their transactions, already quite extensive, as mav be supposed when it is stated that in ]5acking and delivery they require the contents of two large ice-houses — one of which is situated at Riverside on the Holyoke road, the other at the Van Horn reservoir — and emj^loy twenty-two men, two two-horse and five one-horse wagons, and fourteen horses, selling heavily to local dealers and shipping to various parts of this and adjoining States. The premises at No. 31 Bridge street are quite roorny and convenient, 20 feet front by 60 feet deej), with salesroom and meat market in front, oftice in the center, and packing house, shipping dej)artment, etc., at the rear. The firm, doing their own cutting, curing, and packing, carry a very heavy stock of choice meats, lard, Bologna and Frankfurter sausages, etc., together with provisions and poultry, and till orders promptly, satisfactorily, and at lowest ruling quotations. Mr. Sheldon is'a native of Springfield, Mr. Childs of New London, Conn. Both are experienced, capable young business men, own a half interest in the Chicopee Market Company at Chicopee, and are full of enterprise and snap, Mr. Sheldon attending to outdoor affairs, wliile Mr. Childs looks after the finances. HOMER FOOT & CO., Wholesale Dealers in Hardware, Iron and Steel — Cor. Main and State Sts. This is inland Massachusetts' oldest and most extensive wholesale house of its kind, originally established by Homer Foot, Esq., who still remains at its head, and first opened its doors for business October 13, 1S31 — nearly forty-eight years ago. Mr. Foot's associate at that time was Mr. George Uwight, who, after a successful and honorable business career of twenty-three years, retired in 1854. In the mean time Mr. John B. Stebbins, who entered the concern as a clerk in 1833, '^'*'^' been admitted to a copartnership March i, 1S41, and remained until 1SS5, when, content with his well-earned comjjetency, he retired. Homer Foot, junior, became a partner in 1 866, and Francis D. Foot was admitted some ten years later. Homer Foot, senior, the oldest active merchant in Western Massachusetts, is one of the most promi- nent and influential residents of the city or State. The building occupied bv the firm at Main and State streets is his jjroperty. It is of four stories and basement, broad, deep, and sub- stantia], as well as ornamental, with a commodious addition at the rear utilized for the storage of heavy goods, including carriage wood-work, merchant iron and steel, metals, nails, leather belting, etc., while the principal salesroom is fitted u]) in the best and most convenient style, and stocked with goods appropriate to the trade — builders', caVriage and wagon-makers', and general hardware, tools, etc. — which are supplied to consumers and dealers on as favorable terms as any Boston or New York house can offer. The firm do a very large business, covering territory as far west as Pittsfield, and north to Brattleboro, Vt., and Keene, N. H. They eni]iloy twelve assistants, two of whom are expert traveling salesmen, and transactions show a gratifying annual increase. The senior Mr. Foot is So years of age, hale and hearty, but has turned over the hard work of the house to his sons, who are popular business men and citizens, and members of the Winthrop Club. JOHN HAMILTON, Wholesale Dealer in Refined Petroleum Oils. Kerosene, "Brilliant," "Astral," "Standard," "Prime" and " Water- White"' Illuminating Oils, Gas Oil, Gaso- line, Benzine, Machinery, Manufacturers' and Paint Oils, Spirits Turpentine, etc. — Nos. 51 and 53 Lyman St., Commercial Row. Springfield's princi|)al house in the oil trade is that of Mr. John Hamilton. His ]ircmises comjirise the first and second floors and l^asement of the Steam Power Conqianv's big build- ing, Nos. 51 and 53 Lyman street, where, in addition to the various petroleum oils for illumi- nating purposes — kerosene, gasoline, benzine, " Standard," " rrime," and "Water-white," high- test oils, gas oil, etc. — specialties are made of I)e Voe's " Ihilliant " and " Astral " oils, machin- ery, manufacturers' and ])aint oils, and spirits turpentine. Full stocks are ke]it at all times and orders filled jiromjitlv bv the barrel or carload lot. The territory covered embraces all of Central and Western ^Iassachusetts and princijial railway points in New Hampshire and Vermont. Mr. Hamilton sold the first kerosene ever handled in Sjiringfield. about thirty years ago, and has occupied his present (piarters some six vears. An interview with him developed some interesting ]ioints concerning his own career, the growth of .Springfield, and the mutations that have occurred within his memory. A native of Hartford, Conn., h.e came to this city in 1S39, an outside passenger on an ancient Concord stage, arriving in the midst of a blinding snowstorm. The stage line was then tlie only jml^lic means of commiuiicatio)i with the outside world. At that time a canal extended from Hartford to New Hampshire, and all freights were carried in canal boats (I 74 IM.AM) MASSAC HfSr.TTS lI.l.rSTK ATF.D. ROYCE'S TROY STEAM LAUNDRY. '>Stw|l'*^\, C. A. Royce, Proprietor— Nos. 102 and 104 Worthington St. Royce's steam laundry is a iiioclel establishment, occupying the substantial three-story-and- basement brick building,'30X95 feet, at \os. 102 ami 104 Worthington street. The outfit of machinery embraces everything of approved utility — washers, mangles, wringers, driers, sprinklers, ironers, etc. — the whole valued at $20,000, while fifty skilled operatives are employed, and a vast amount of first-class work turned out for city and country jiatrons, transac- tions averaging 540,000 a year. Great quantities of laundry work are sent in by e.\i)ress from points throughout tiie Connecticut valley and the south- ern and western portions of New England, and returned by the same .igency. All kinds of laundry work lie done in the best manner, and specialties are made of fine shirts, I ollars, and cuffs. Mr. Royce, who was born at Itarre, Vl., was formerly for a while at Trov, X. v., where he mastered the details of scientific laundering, com- ing thence to Springfield, where he established himself in 1S77 and has pros|)ercd. He is a member of Ros- well Lee Lodge F. and A. >L, and a respected citizen. mm MILTON BRADLEY COMPANY. George W. Tapley, President ; Milton Bradley, Treasurer; George H.Ireland, Clerk of Corporation — Manufacturers of Home Amusements and Kindergarten Sup- plies — Lithographers, Engravers, and Printers — Nos. 47 to 55 Willow St. Tiie source of the tovs, chiklren's home games, and supplies for the kindergarten, long a mystery to us, stands revealed at last, and a Kriss Kringle's workshop, always heretofore mistily locateci somewhere in the arctic regions, is discovered in the remarkably pleasant city of Springfield, where the Milton Itradlcy Company conduct business under a special charter from the merry old saint — who, by the way, has retired to enjoy a well-earned rest, ajipearing but once a vear, at Christmas, to make sure that his ancient wards, the little people, are not neg- lected in the hurry and confusion of this work-a-day world. Mr. Milton Hradlev commenced the manufacture of the goods named in 1S60, as the active partner of the linn of Milton Hradley & Co., occupying premises on ^^ain street, and subse- quentlv on Harrison avenue, where the business was continued u[) to 1S82, when the establish- ment was removed to the fine building on Willow street, Nos. 47 to 55. Two years later — in 1SS4 — the Milton liradlcy Comi)any was organized and incorporated with a working capital of 540,000; (leorge W. Tapley president, Milton liradley treasurer. The factory, which coniiniscs wood and metal working, lithograjihic engraving and printing dejiartments, is thor- oughly e(|uiii|)ed with machinery ai)prracedonian, a beautiful bay sired by Rysdyk's Hambletonian, and Granbv Wilkes, sired in 1SS7, by Granby out of Hamite. Granby's pedigree runs back through Princens, Woodford, Mambrino and Primrose, Alexander's Abdallah and IJlack Rose, Mambrino Chief and Woodbine, to Rvs- dyk's Hambletonian. Hamite is a daughter of ISaruey Wilkes, by George Wilkes, out of Rosa; George Wilkes was by Hamlet, by Hambletonian, by Hambletonian, by Volunteer, by Hambletonian, by Abdallah, sire of Goldsmith NLaid. 76 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. W. J. BRECKNELL, Artistic Designer, Engraver, and Printer — Room 7, No. 352 Main St. Mr. ISreckneir.s specialties embrace the higlicr varieties of designing and engraving on the precious metals, togetiier witli copper plate work of every description. Occupying three well api)ointed rooms and having under his instruction several pujjils and two skilled ]jriniers, lie is kept busy in the designing and execution of fine work for local patrons and does a i)rosper- ous business. His display of specimens is by all odds the largest and finest in the State west of Boston, and he has good reason to indulge professional pride in the countless creations of his pencil and graver with which his portfolio is filled. Mr. r.rccknell was the business associate of the late Thomas Chubbuck, to whom he succeeded, the heirs of that famous artist voluntarily relinquishing to him their interest. Mr. Brecknell was born, reared, educated, and studied his profession in London, Knglaiid, and was afterward for a time in I'aris. Coming to the United States, his first im])ortant work was done in St. Louis, where he designed the floats and tiieir decorations used in the grand pageant at the opening of the IvxiJosition — a kind of work in which, as a student of mythology and heraldrv, he excels. Citizens of Springfield have had opi)ortunity of seeing and admiring the products of his genius in this direction, the floats that formed so consjiicudus a feature of the celebration of S|)ringfield's 250th anniversary having been designed by liim. Previous to leaving Lngland lie iiad achieved distinction in his art, among his ])roducts being the designs for a magnificent silver service for the Sultan of Turkey, and three maces — of gold, silver, and plated metal respectively — for the Mikado of Japan. He has graduated many pujiils, who as a rule have proved very successful as artists and business men. He makes asj^ecialty of getting up badges for secret societies and social organizations, the latest novelty being in raised metal on silk and satin, which is verv handsome. Mr. Hrecknell is president of the Springfield branch Ikitish-American Association and a Good Templar. SPRINGFIELD FIVE CENTS SAVINGS BANK. President, Ephraim W.Bond; Vice-Presidents: William Rice, James E.Russell,' and Robert O. Morris; Treasurer, Daniel J. Marsh ; Clerk, Henry D. Marsh — Cor. Main and Court Sts. Elsewhere will be found an interesting chapter on banks and banking, wiicrein is set forth the salient points concerning tliat powerful influence, which as much as any other has ad- vanced the growth and development of Springfield from a material point of view. It is doubtful, in the light of the figures given, if the banks of issue and discount have jierformeda greater or more im])ortant work in their jjarticular field than have the savings banks in theirs. The Five Cents Savings Bank of S])ringfield, chartered Ajnil, 1S54, has a record of usefulness that mav well cause its depositors' and officials' hearts to swell witli ]iride. It was founded u]ion a j)lan suggested by Ceorge W. Kicc, deceased, the idea being to encourage thrifty habits among the working classes, and the minimum amount of de])osit — five cents — was a stroke of genius, for it at once attracted the amused atten- tion of many who, keeping large accounts with other banks, " en- couraged " the new institution by taking out l)ooks recording the de- posit of a half-dime, which they de- lighted in exhibiting among their friends in ridicule or as a joke, little thinking, perhaps, that this was just what Mr. Rice desired, and the most effective manner of advertising the entcr])rise. Some of those who began thus in a spirit of banter continued in serious earnest, and thus was laid the foundation and erected the superstructure of an institution that in a career of more than thirtv-five vcars has conferred benefits untold upon all classes, from the poor laboring man or woman — even the ragged newsboy — up to the great merchant, manufacturer, real estate operator, and builder. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTR A TKl). 77 The opening occurred in July, 1S54, ottices having been secured in Foot's liuikling, corner of Main and State streets; Willis Phelps, president ; Josejjh C. Pynchon, treasurer. Mr. Phelps retired in 1858, whereupon Mr. Pynchon was promoted to the presidency, and the next year Charles Marsh made treasurer. Daniel J. Marsh was chosen treasurer in 1859, to the duties of which position were added those of secretary in 1881 — the dual services of the position hav- ing been performed by him without interruption e.xcept during the years 1862-63, when he was absent as a lieutenant of Com])any A, Forty-sixth Massachusetts, and on the staffs of Generals II. C. Lee, John A. Dix, and Jolm (r. Foster. Mr. Marsh was born in Hartford, Conn., came to this city in 1849, went west, was for several years connected with the building of the Ohio & Mississippi and N-Mthern Missouri railroads, and returned in 1858. The Five Cents Savings Bank occupied its present handsome building in 1876, where, pro- vided with elegant offices, vaults, safes, and all requisite facilities, it has continued to prosper in ]:)roportion to its deserts and the wisdom of its management, controlling a C(jnstantly increas- ing volume of deposits from one dollar to thousands, with profit to depositors. From first to last the institution has handled more than ten millions of dollars of its patrons' money, has never lost a cent of it, has paid interest and dividends at regular intervals, and is sounder and stronger to-day than ever before. Appended is the statement of July 8, 18S9: — LIABILITIES. Due 8910 depositors. . . Guarantee fund Interest account Profit and loss ASSETS. Loans on real estate . . . Loans personal Loans on bank stock... Loans on bank books. . Loans on railroad stocl Real estate Railroad bonds Real estate foreclosed. P>ank stock Public funds Cash in bank Cash in office $2,694,664 60 56,500 GO 53-595 19 8,033 32 AMT. INVESTED. $[,657,010 00 430,685 00 22,505 00 4,925 00 9,085 GO 189,000 OG 50,000 00 27,550 00 106,200 00 59,700 00 240,148 41 15,984 70 $2,812,793 II $2,866,793 " MARKET VALUE. $1,657,010 00 430,685 GO 22,505 00 4-9-5 00 9,085 00 189,000 GO 54, GOO OG 27,550 GO 141,200 00 74,700 GO 240,148 41 15,984 70 Messrs. Robert O. Morris, Charles A. Nichols, Virgil Perkins, Henry M. Phillips, Hiram Q. Sanderson, Ralph W. Ellis, Oliver Marsh, Aaron Bagg, Alfred M. Copeland, and James F. Pynchon are the trustees ; Henry M. Phillips, Oliver Marsh, Charles A. Nichols, finance committee. J. S. CARR & CO. Manufacturers of Crackers, Biscuits, Fancy Cakes, etc. — Cor. Market St. and Harrison Ave. This is the oldest cracker and biscuit manufacturing house in New England, established in 1S3G. Mr. (Jarr, who is a native of Vermont, was for nine years — 1848 to 1S57 — in the cracker business at St. Johnsbury, the pioneer house of the kind there, and in the latter vear came to S])ringfield, purchased the plant he now owns from a Mr. Sturtevant, and for the ]jast tliirtv- two years has been its directing spirit, though he has admitted at different times his son, Mr. L. F. Carr, and a Mr. F. I\ Hazen, which last-named gentleman has retired, the younger Mr. Carr now having the active supervision. The ])lant, improved from time to time and enlarged as required, now embraces two large bake-houses, and a commodious \varelu)usc wherein are situated the offices, and the jiacking and shipping departments, the whole covering 50,000 square feet of ground eligibly situated at the corner of Market street and Harrison avenue. The equijjment of machinery and appliances i.-i comprehensive, and includes every recent imiM-ovenient of demonstrated value whereby time and laijor mav be economized and utilized to the best advantage — the investment in land, buildings, and mechanical appliances footing u]) about 58o,ooo. .Vbout thirty skilled leakers, jiackers, furnacemen, and otiier assistants are employed," and sales average 5150,000 a vear, the goods going to the trade and large consumers in this city and throughout this and adjoin- ing States. Orders are promptly filled with superior goods at lowest rates. 78 INLAND MASSACHUSKTTS ILLUS IKATED. HOTEL WARWICK. George E. Barr, Proprietor; E. G. Whiting, Clerk— Main St., near B. & A. Railroad. i'lie liotcl Warwick, one of tiie princiiJal aiui most (.leliylutul hotels in inland Massacliu- setts, embraces in fact two hotels in re, and horse-clotiiing dejiart- ments, and here every taste and purse may be gratilied from stocks which embrace every grade of the goods named, the best as usual being in reality the cheajjest. 'J'lie New Lngland Clothing Combination of 27 stores is a tower of strength, and those that seek honest rejnesen- tations, reliable goods, satisfactf)ry treatment, and advantageous low prices, will study their own interest by paying a visit to liesse. Carpenter ^: Co., the reliable wholesale and retail clothiers, hatters, and men's furnishers, 377 and 379 Main street, Springfield. GILMORE'S OPERA HOUSE. D. O Gilmore, Proprietor — Cor. Main and Pynchoii Sts. Gilmore"s oon ilUM.U (;11..MURE .V.ND l.lI.MDKliS t)l'i:KA lIOi:.^E. afterward remoilelcd the interior, which was considerably enlarged, refitted, and redecorated, making it one of the neatest, most attractive, and most comtdrtable theaters in interior New iMigland, with regular seating capacity for 1,200 spectators, though 1.700 can be acconniiodateti. The chairs, fittings, and ajipointments are first-class, the decorations artistic, tlie acoustics excellent, and the arrangements for the comfort and safety of audiences all that could be desired. The stage, )irovided with all recpiisite machinery and scenery, is large and conven- ient — 35x54 feet — with an elegant drop curtain 27 feet in length and 30 feet in height. The house is a popular one with the i)ublic and the ]irofession, the best traveling attractions only being booked and nothing of an objectionable character permitted to appear upon the INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 8l boards. The present season, beginning in August, has proved quite successful, and has encouraged Mr. Gihiiore to renewed exertions looking to the erection of a superb new opera house on Ehii street fronting Court square. Me is a ])opular citizen, owner of the Hotel Gilmore, and active in all movements for the benefit and improvement of .Springfield. He is ably seconded by Mr. ^V. C. LeXoir, who has for many years been connected with the opera house and is now treasurer. GEORGE NYE & CO. Dealers in Chicago Dressed Beef, Pork, Lamb, Mutton, Provisions, and Poultry — Cor. Lyman and Chestnut Sts. The firm of George Nye & Co. was organized the past summer, and is comi)osed of George Nye and George Nye, jr., of Springfield, Cj. V. Swift of Chicago, and E. C. Swift of L.owell. This concern succeeds the old house established forty-one years ago by Perkins & Purple, and from which Mr. Purple retired in 1S64. Up to 1 87 1 Mr. Perkins con- tinued alone, but in that year admitted Mr. George Nye, and the busmess was carried on under the style of Perkins & Nye until the for- mation of the present firm, as stated above. The buikl- ing finished and occupied in August is the largest, finest, and best appointed of the kind in the East, outside of New York and Boston, and well worthy a visit from those interested in the mod- ern methods of handling fresh meats and provisions. Situated on the north cor- ner of Lyman and Chestnut streets, the structure is of brick, with stone trimmings, four stories in height, fronts 55 feet on Lvman and 100 feet on Chestnut street, and the second floor is on a level at the rear with the Boston & Albany railroad, from which a s]inr track e.xtends to the doors. Building and ground cost $50,000. Meats are taken from the cars, placed upon a specially constructed liiatform provided with steel tracks and hooks, and low- ered by an inclined gallery to the refrigerator room, also fitted up \vith steel tracks. An ice-house of 500 tons' capacity is kci)t constantly filled, and sujiplies the refrigerator as required. The basement, courtyard, and sidewalks are of trapo- litliic pavement. The huge refrigerator room, with capacity for si.x car-loads of dressed meats, is lighted bv fourteen windows. "Adjoining is the large and airy salesroom, neat as a new pin, witli its steel tracks and two large F'airbanks scales. Doors communicate on the one side with the refrigerator, and on the other with the court where wagons are loaded. The sales- room is finished in spruce, with cherry and sycamore trimmings. The ])rivate and business offices, fronting on Lvman street, are commodious and inviting, elegantly finished, fitted up and furnished with great plate glass windows and every jiossible convenience. The basement and first and second floors are used by (ieorge Nye & Co. in their business, while the third and fourth floors are rented for oftke and other purposes. The firm handles at this ]5oint .seven car-loads of fresh beef, pork, mutton, lamb, provisions, and poultry weeklv, which are disposed of to local dealers and consumers and to customers within a radius of thirtv miles east, west, and north, and fifteen miles south. 82 IM.A.M) MASSACHL'SKl !:> 1 l.l.L> 1 KATKIJ. BAY STATE CORSET CO. C. L. Olmstead, A. D. Nason— Manufacturers of the Celebrated " Equiline " Corsets and Waists, and also General Lines of Corsets for the Wholesale Trade — Fac- tories: Cor. Dwight and Taylor Streets, Springfield, Mass., and at West Brook- field, Mass. — General Business Office at Springfield F'actory ; New York Office, Nos. 260 Church and 99 Franklin Sts. This is one of the largest and most enterprising corset manufacturing establishments in America; in fact, it ranks among the leading concerns of the world in this line of business, and turns out a line of goods that in elegance, comfort, quality, and reliability cannot be sur- passed. The gentle- men identified with I he business ai cC. I. < ilmsteacl and A. I). Xason, men of rare business capacity, re- lined artistic taste, i-.hI indomitable en- ' igy. -Mr. Olmstead nas had over twenty- ive years' experience 11) this line of busi- ness, and Mr. Nason iias had over tweniy vcars. They formed ilieir present organi- zation \()V. I, 1S85, and bought the plant of the late firm of C. L. Olmstead & Co. at West Hrookfield, Mass. The factory was a two-story building, 35 x 200 feet, with a cajiacity of about one hundred and fifty dozen corsets per day. Just at the height of the spring business, when the firm was sold ahead on their product all the goods they could make up to April i, their factory was destroyed by fire on the night of January 13, 1SS6. They immediately leased the Town Hall building in West I'.rookfield (the only available building at that time), and fitted it up as a corset factory, and, within four weeks from the time of the fire, were shipping goods from the Town Hall factory. -As soon as they got this fac- tory running they came to .Springfield and leased the Kellogg building, corner Hwight and Taylor streets, 50 .\ 100 feet, five stories high. Their business increased so rapidly that in iSSS they had an e.xtension, 50 x 70 feet, built on to the Kellogg building. This factory of the Bay .State Corset Company is, indeed, a model establishment. It is five stories high, and covers 50 x 170 feet, provided with steam power and steam heating ai>paratus, lighted with electricity, thoroughly ventilated, and e(iuii)ped in every clci)artment with new and ingenious labor-saving machinery, much of which is of original design and constructed especially for this company. 'I'hey employ a force of between 400 and 500 hands. The productive cajiacity is something enormous. In point of fact, the actual outjiut is now at the rate of over 400 dozen corsets i)er day, or nearly a million and a half a year, and the business still increases every season. .Some seventy-live or eighty styles are made in all. It would take uji too much space to describe all of these styles. It will be i)roi)er, however, to make special mention of the " Equiline " moulded corsets and waists and summer-ventilated corsets matlc by this com- l)any. The sjjecial features of the " Equiline " are as follows : They arc boned with " Equi- line," a material now known to be the best corset stav in existence, being stronger, more l^liablc, more duraljle, and superior to horn or whalebone, is not affected bv ])erspiration or laundering, yields easily to every movement of the body, and warranted absolutclv unbreakable. The corsets made by the I'.ay State Corset Com])anv have a distribution that can only be described as continental. The leading jobbers and dealers everywhere handle them. The l)rices range from 54 per dozen and upward, so that all tastes and all pockets can be suited. Hut vast as their aggregate ])roductive capacity is, they have to work up to their full limit in order to keep pace with the demands made upon them, and are now adding one hundred more machines to their works. Mr. olmstead and Mr. Xason, individually and combined, own several very valuable patents, under which they manufacture. One of these was granted bv the United States June II, 18S9, for the celebrated Nason's nursing corset. This corset was also |)atented in the Dominion of Canada under date of Julv 15, iSSg. This style of nursing corset embodies entirely new features of most remarkable merit. It is by far the /us/ device of its kind yet introduced, and is bound to become the most jiopular nursing corset on the market. Mr. Olmstead is a native of Ridgeficld, Conn., but has resided and been in business in New York city, and in West Hrookfield and Springfield, Mass., since 1859. He now resides in INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 83 West Brookiield. Mr. Nason is a native of Fianklin, Mass., entered the army when he was twenty years old, serving in the Forty-fifth Massachusetts (Independent Cadet) Regiment. After leaving the army he was in busine.ss in North Carolina until the summer of 1SC6, when he returned to Massachusetts and engaged in the manufacturing business in 15oston until burned out by the fire of 1S72, when he went to New York city and engaged in the same line until he removed to Springfield in 1S86. JOHN H. ROGERS, Manufacturer of Fine Open and Top Carriages, Phaetons, Buggies, and Light Vehi- cles of Every Description — Nos. 33 and 35 Sanford St. — Telephone 27-3. Probablv no community east or west, numbers considered, indulges more liberally in the elevated pleasures of life than do the ])eopIe of Springfield. In no particular is this spirit more markedly manifest than in the maintenance of elegant private equipages, great numbers of which are seen upon the streets and the fine roads adjacent to the citv when the weatlier permits. Some of these are doubtless im- ported, but most of them are of home pro- duction, and in point of style, symmetry of ]5roportion, workmanship, tastv decoration and beauty of finish are the equals, and in some respects the su]3eriors, of those brought from a distance. Among the most skillful, enterprising, and successful of Springfield carriage builders is Mr. John H. Rogers, whose work, seen all over the city and Western Massachusetts, sjjeaks for itself. Up to 1S67 he wrought as a journeyman in New Haven, Conn., coming to Springfield in that year, and establishing himself in business on a modest scale on High street. His trade developed rapidly from year to year as the excellence of his work became better known, and he was compelled to move to more spacious j)remises from time to time, until in the present year he had erected for him his present extensive establish- ment at Nos. 23 and 35 Sanford street, one of the most complete, for the jiurposes used, in the State. On the first floor is the large repository, where may be seen at all times a magnificent assortment of vehicles of the latest and most imjjroved designs and the highest grade of work- manship. He has two of the best varnish rooms in the State. The ceilings are finished in stained ^ ,^^-^^— i^ wood, and no dirt or dust can get on to the varnished work, while large ventilators lead- ing to the roof carry away all the disagreeable odor. It is in a great measure on account of the perfect arrangement of these varnish rooms that the finished work turned out is so remarkalily beautiful. A hvdraulic eleva- torg X 16 feet leads to all the floors, which is quite an advantage for the careful and con- venient handling of vehicles. Nothing is omitted to make this the most perfect estab- lishment of its kind in the State. Citizens of Springfield or elsewhere desiring any kind of light vehicle of the finest grade, from the most luxurious family carriage to the ordinary pliaeton, side-l^ar or open-top buggy, road wagons, surrevs, cano]iy tojis, one-horse express and delivery wagons, sleighs, cutters, etc., in any style, of carefully selected mate- rials and unexceptionable w'orkmanship, will consult their own interests by calling upon Mr. Rogers. The best imported Wulfren cloth, nothing but silk used for stitching, with English varnish, combine to render Mr. Rogers' work cciual to anv. A large assortment of sleighs is kc]it constantly on hand. No fires are jiermitted in the building, it being heated by the Holly system, thus avoiding any danger from fire. 84 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. J. M. COWAN, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Coal— Office, Nos. 49 and 51 Worthington St ; Yard, Boston & Albany Freight Depot, Liberty St. Mr. Cowan is a conservative yet pleasant and liljeral elderly gentleman and has a wide and constantly growing circle of personal and business friends and customers in .Springfield and the various towns and cities east and nurtli depend- ent upon this market for fuel. He came hither from the town of I'elhani, thirty miles distant, in 1S6S, and during the ne.xt ten years worked in the shops of the lloston \- Albany railroad as a car-builder. On the removal of the works Mr. Cowan for a short time con- ducted a meat market — a branch of business which did not suit him and which he aban- doned after a few months to engage in the coal trade. In this, thanks to his industry and promptitude in met ers, he has achiev handling great quanti making specialties of choice D. & H., Lehigh, and Lack- awanna. His yard at the Boston t\; Albany freight de- pot comprises a single shed 50 .\ 235 feet in extent, capaljle of storing 3.500 tons at a time, while his facilities for delivery to city consumers and shipment to customers at outside points — Greenfield, Northampton, etc. — are all that could be desired. A force of from twelve to fifteen men is employed, and orders are promptly and satisfactorily filled in quantities to suit at lowest ruling quotations. JAMES D. GILL, Bookseller and Stationer — Dealer in Paintings, Engravings, Etchings and Fine Art Goods Generally — Cor. Main and Bridge Sts. The record made in this community by Mr. James D. Gill is one of which he has good cause to feel proud. Horn at Hinsdale, this State, he came to Springfield in 1S67 and accepted a clerkship with Lewis J. Powers, who at that time conducted a book anil stationery establishment in the Goodrich l)lock, corner of Main and Lyman streets. In 1S76 Mr. Gill, who had ajiplied himself successfully to a mastery of all details, became purchaser of the establishment, adding new departments and amplifving the scope of his oj^erations until his became the leading dejjot for stand- ard ])ublications and works of art in West- ern Massachusetts. In 1877 he originated the first art exhibition ever opened in this city — an attraction that has ever since formed a leading featmc and that grows in popular- ity year by year. In 1S7S, pul)lic api)rccia- tion having been unmistakably manifested, Mr. Gill erected the beautiful structure at the southwest corner of Main and Bridge streets. It was appropriately named Gill's ^ Art Building, and is an ornament to Main street, upon which it fronts fortv-five feet, is ninety feet deep, three stories and basement, and divided on the ground floor into two ele- gant stores, that on the corner, 2o.\90 feet, fitted up with immense jilate glass windows upon both fronts for the exhibition of rare paintings, etc., being reserved for Mr. Gill's own occu- pancy as a salesroom for books, stationerv, office sup])lies, and similar goods, while the two floors above, each of like dimensions, beautifully arranged, tastefully appointed and |)erfectly lighted by numerous large windows, are devoted to the displav of works of art, of which a large and valuable collection is shown at all times, replenished as o]>portunity offers from INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 85 the best works of American and foreign artists. This department is the habitual resort of art lovers, couitoissi'iirs and laymen, citizens and strangers, and many of the most valuable pict- ures owned in the country were purchased here, buyers coming from all over New England and even from greater distances to see, to criticise, and admire, choice selections often accom- panving them home. Mr. C'.ill carries, besides comprehensive stocks of stationery and kindred goods in all grades, books, etc., a complete line of artists' materials, colors and other requisites, and a greater variety, particularly of the better and more costly kinds, than can be found north of New York or west of ]3oston. He employs nine capable and courteous assistants, and visit- ors, those especially who are interested in the subject of art, are warmlv invited to call and avail themselves of the facilities provided for tlie enjoyment of an hour among the masters. The several departments are in charge of e.\])erienced and competent gentlemen, Mr. Henry Johnson looking after the stationery, Mr. S. J. Filer the book-shelves, and Mr. J. B. Mallette managing the artists' materials and the manufacture of frames. The annual artists' exhibition opens February i. Mr. (jill is very popular jjcrsonally and recognized as among Springfield's most public- spirited and useful citizens, liberal, enterprising, and thoroughgoing. ()n the occasion of opening the new Springfield hosjiital, illustrated on another page, Mr. Gill came forward with the very acce])table gift of one hundred valuable jiictures, realizing that cheerful surroundings are of as much efficacy in the alleviation of suffering and the cure of disease as disagreeable drugs or the surgeon's knife. 86 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. Thomas Broad- hurst & Son, Pro- prietors — Joseph McClellen. Cutter — Custom Tiiilors and Dyers — No. 57 Worthington St. .Messrs Thomas .mil William Hroad- luirst, father and son, .lie jiroprictors of Jruadluirst's famous (lye house, established twenty-five years ago bv the senior partner, who is still an active man and bears his full share of the labor and of the house. The meirt, employing three skilled workmen, covers 2500 scpiare feet of floorage and is equipped with every imj^roved modern ajipliancc for the e.\]ieditious and workmanliUe e.\- ecntion of orders, the specialties in- cluding the dyeing and cleaning of ladies' and gentlemen's garments of every description, upholstery in rep, damask, and plush, table and jjiano spreads, kid gloves and feathers. Lace curtains are cleaned in superior style, and silk, woolen, and other fabrics from stores re- dyed and rcfinishcd equal to new. At the front, facing Worthington street, is the custom tailoring department, with sample and salesroom on the ground floor, and four rooms, each 16 feet scjuaie, ui>stairs for the use of the tailors, nine of whom are emploved. Mr. Joseph McClellen, an accomi)lished cutter, looks after that part of the work, in which the establishment has made for itself a high reputation, more i^articularly in the manufacture of trousers to order. Over two hundred patterns of imported antl domes- tic trouserings are kept in stock from which customers may select such stvles as suit them. From fifteen to twenty pairs arc made daily, and " Ihoadhurst's $5 custom pants" is an insti- tution of Springfield. THE C. B. ARSINO ELECTRICAL COMPANY, Dealers in All Kinds of Electrical Apparatus, Gas Fixtures, etc — Main Office, No. 5 E. Court St.— C. B. Arsino, Proprietor. 'I'he above-named company was established in .Sjjringlield as long ago as iSSi in anticipation of a fast-growing demand for superior electrical aj^pliances, and is now one of the most famous concerns of the kind in the country, doing a business far greater than any of its .\cw I-Ingland rivals, as mav be supposed from the fact that the increase of transactions necessitated the opening of a branch office at Hartford, Conn., last April, Mr. Willard A. Rice taking charge. Mr. Arsino e.xercises general supervision of the work done by the company's employes all over the country. .Si)ecialties in which they e.xcel include electric lights in all forms, arc and incandescent |)lants, electric gas-lighting apjja- ratus ; hotel, oliicc, and house annunciators, private telephone 'lines, elevator signals and speaking tubes, mechanical, elec- trical, and magneto call bells, automatic burglar and fire alarms, watchmen's electric clocks, insulated wires and cables, batteries, zinc line wires, etc. First-class work only, at reason- \ \ able prices, is the motto of the company, which has made practical and useful a vast number of novel ideas originated bv ingenious outsiders who resort to this concern for advice and a superior order of workmanship. Many of the principal hotels, office buildings, factories, and residences of this city have been INLAND MASSACHUSF:TTS ILLUSTK ATlilJ. 87 fitted up with electric lighting, alarm, and telephone apparatus by this company, and satisfac- tion is expressed on all hands. Of the company's Springfield patrons we are ])erniitted to specify the Hotel Glendower, St. Joseph's parochial school, Mase Soutluvorth and Mrs. Southworth of Pine street, G. E. Howard of Mill street. Miss Mary Merriam of lUickingham street, P. H. Potter of Sherman street. Dr. J. T. Herrick of State street, Gilbert Rice of Florida street, Wm. H. Haile of Chestnut street, Emerson Wight of State street, Chas. D. Hosley of Worthington street, John McFethries and S. E. Walton of Cornell street, Dr. E. W. Nichols of Jefferson av., F. C. Rice of Pearl street, W. H. Warren of Spring street, the city hospital aiui the county jail. They have also done much fine hotel work in this city, besides fitting up Wildes' Hotel, Chicopee Falls; the Kendall House, Chicopee ; the Barre House at Barre ; the iLlmwood House at Hadley, Rev. Fr. Fee's residence at Monson, W. N. Potter's residence, Greenfield, etc. Mr. Arsino was born at Swanton, Vt., and at the age of fourteen became a telegraph operator, in which capacity he was enii:)loyed for a long time on western railroads — for several years in California. Turning his attention to electrical science asapjilied to illumination and other popular uses, he came back East and started in his present calling. He has had four- teen years' practical experience, and ranks with the best of American architectural electricians, is in constant communication with all of the leading architects, and obtains weekly reports u[K)n subjects relating to his profession from authoritative sources. THE SPRINGFIELD INSTITUTION FOR SAVINGS. John B. Stebbins, President ; Charles Marsh, Vice-President ; Henry S. Lee, Treas- urer; William S. Shurtleff, Secretary — Cor. Main and State streets. The Springfield Institution for Savings was the pioneer bank of its kind here, and the tenth in the State, organized in 1827, with John Hooker, president, and an influential list of vice-presidents and trustees. John Hooker retired from the presidency in 1829, and was suc- ceeded by George Bliss, and he by Theodore Bliss in 1S44. The latter died the same year, whereupon William Dwight was chosen to the vacancv, which he continued to fill until 1S47, when Josiah Hooker was elected. His admin- istration ended by death, 187 1, when the place was filled by the election of James M. Thomp- son, who died in 1SS4, and the present able incumbent, Mr. John !>. Stebbins, assumed the office. John Howard was the first treasurer, a position which he resigned to Henry Stearns, December, 1849, Mr. Henry S. Lee relieving the latter in 185S, and still filling the position. George Colton was the first secretary. Henry Vose followed from 1844 to 1859, when he was appointed judge of the superior court, and was succeeded by Mr. William S. Shurtleff, w-ho still looks after that department. At its inception and up to 1848 the Listi- "^'.ft.-^i/Wiii. = -_.-—_ tution for Savings occupied a portion of the old Springfield Bank building, removing in that year to Foot's block. In 1865 ''^^ trustees commenced the erection, ancl in 1867 com- pleted and removed the offices and deposits into the elegant four-story structure on the corner of Main and State streets, where it now occupies the ground floor on the corner, one of the roomiest, most comfortable, convenient, and attractive banking houses in the State, suggestive at every turn of the institution it shelters — wealth, stabilitv, and respectability. The method of operation is quite simple in theory, however much of detail is involved. Any sum not exceeding $1,000 will be received on deposit, and compound interest allowed until principal and interest amount to $1,600. Com]Hitation of interest commences quarterlv on the first of January, A|iril, Julv, and October. During the incumbcncv of Treasurer Lee he has received deposits to the amount of over $^5,000,000, and jiaid in interest and dividends something like $5,200,000 — thus handling in all more than $40,000,000 of dejiositors' funds, every penny of which was accounted for. A sjiecialty is made of receiving and investing the savings of working people, clerks, salespeople, and, in a word, of all classes whose means are limited. It is interesting to revert to the past of the Institution for Savings, and note the gradual augmentation of its deposits, which for its second year — 1S29 — aggregated only $1,130.42, and eight years later reached the very moderate sum of $29,689. In 1S44 thev footed up $49,401, and in May, 1858, $614,907. A comparison of these figures with those of Julv i, 1SS9, when 88 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. depositors' credits reached 510,146,224.16, affords food for reflection ui)on the te.\t, " Despise not the dav of small thiiig>." We append the statement in full : — LIABILITIES. Deposits ( Guarantee fund I'rofit and loss RESOURCES. Notes with mortgage .security.. . . Notes of cities and towns Notes with personal security . . Notes with hank stock security.. Notes with railroad stock security Notes with bank book security.. IJank stocks I'ublic funds. United States bonds Public funds, state, city, and town bonds kailrijad bonds Real estate (bank building) Real estate ac<|uirc(l by foreclos- ure Deposits in banks on interest.. Cash on hand 510,146,224 16 280,000 00 46,172 26 $'0,472,396 42 AMOUNT INVESTED. $3,619,400 00 434,200 00 1,481,500 00 I 29,000 00 158,200 00 7,450 00 952,500 00 205,000 00 2,064,700 00 832,000 00 I 14,500 06 28,150 00 161,000 00 284,796 42 $10,472,396 42 MARKET VALIE. $3,619,400 00 467,200 00 1,481,500 00 I 29,000 00 158,200 00 7,450 CO i,io8,5?6 00 262,400 00 2,258,500 00 856,857 00 114,500 CO 28,150 CO 161,000 00 284,796 42 $10,937,469 42 THE SPRINGFIELD ENVELOPE COMPANY. Geo. A. Russell, President; Nathan D. Bill, Treasurer; Geo. D. Dutton, Secretary; Frederick A. Bill, Agent — Manufacturers of All Styles of Envelopes — Odd Sizes a Specialty — Cross and Willow Sts. No .Si)ringticld enterprise ever started out under more favorable auspices than atteiuletl the launching of the above named company, incorporated in 1886. The officers designated in our caption are all young men th.oroughlv trained in ap- proved business methods, and control certain im- jiroved mechanical appli- inces, invented and jiatent- id bv themselves, that give them very deciiletl advan- tages over most of their lompetitors, enabling them III produce anv desired style ■ f envelope in quantities to suit, ])romptly and at the lowest jiossible i)rices. A >.l>ecialtv is made of odd sizes and shapes, for the manufacture of which they iijov une(pialcd facilities, nul ]iatrons may dejiend "^' ujx)!! the highest grade of materials and workmanship in the filling of orders. The printing of embossed envelopes for the trade is another specialty in which they excel, and they manufacture all ])aper bo.xes re- quired on the premises. , •, , The factory of the Siiringfield Envelope CoiTii)any, illustrated herewith, is a fine new buiki- ing, five stories in height, frljnting 160 feet on Cross street and 50 feet on Willow street. A superb cf|iiipmcnt of .apjiroved machinery and lOO skilled operatives are employed, and the outlet, which is enormous in ciuantity, is sold all over the United States. ''-jt^jjl ffl^.^ jtyf ;g I XI, AND MASSACHrSKTTS I I , US I' R A I K I ). WOODBURY, MOULTON & STEARNS, Investment Bankers — Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company Building, No. 415 Main Street. The aljove-nanicd iirni is composed of Theodore C Woodbury, Win. II. Moulton, and Edward H. York of Woodliury & Moulton, who for the past si.xteen years liave conducted a (general hanking business at Portland, Maine, and (leorge M. Stearns, for four years eastern '«***^rS'i'? mL'^. ^^ l*t mL .w9.'tlfc! «»iCaea&iB«ig» » » t m manager of the Kansas Loan & Trust Company of Topeka, Kansas, with office at No. 46 Congress street, Boston, MasS. Organized in June, icSSS, Woodbury, Moulton & Stearns leased for a term of years their present offices in Springlield, and Mr. Stearns located here as resident manager, a position for which he was peculiarly fitted b\' long previous experience. He is also a prominent citizen of broad and enlightened views, active in all movements that connncnd themselves to his judgment as tending to benefit and elevate the communitv, the nation, and the race. Tlic office of the lirni, on tiie ground floor of the Massachusetts Mutual l.ifc Insurance Company building, is one of the best in the city, 20 feet front by 48 feet deep, fitted up in elegant style with artistic counters protected by brass railings, and other evidences of a jirosi'jerous banking and investment business. Dealing exclusively in conservative investment securities, which they purchase only after special personal examination, the firm enjoy superior facilities for the placing of capital, and invite patronage of all who have money to invest. They are justly proud of their success in the investigation and ]ilacing of water-works bonds, in which securities they have the reputation of being one of the most successful houses in Xcw I'.ncrland. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 91 THE WARWICK CYCLE MANUFACTURING COMPANY. George T.Warwick, President; Edward S. Brewer, Vice-President; George D. Chamberlain, Secretary and Treasurer — Manufacturers of Improved Bicycles and Tricycles — Works, Hanover and Washington Sts. The cvcle grows in popularity every day, as is evident from the vastly incicaseil numbers of these " silent steeds " seen upon the streets of every city and village and upon the roads adjacent thereto. Probably no other kind of outdoor exercise yields at once so much of pleasure, variety, health, and strength as does cycling, while as a manly sport it is open to none of the objections that apply to some other amusements. I!ut the cycle is not merely a toy, as is shown by the fact that thousands are employed in lieu of horses to convey the owners to and from their places of business, when visiting, and even upon distant journeys. The manufacturers of wheels and the various wheelmen's associations are doing a great and good work for the young men and women of the age, and deserve well at the hands of all who appreciate the value and importance of physical development as well as mental training — of sound bodies to serve sound minds. Occupving a conspicuous place in the front rank of this great industry, the Warwick Cycle Manufacturing Company, of Springfield, deserves especial mention at our hands. The com- panv was established eighteen months ago, and has met with much success because of the sujierior machines turned out, but was recently invited to remove to a western city, where seductive inducements in the way of advantages were offered. When this became known a determined effort to retain the works was made bv local cai:>italists, who subscribed largely to the stock ; a new organization was effected ; the above-named officers were chosen, and orders for new machinery were placed, all of which is now Ijeing set up, and when started this will be one of the most complete factories of the kind in the country, employing about 150 men and turning out vast numbers of the superior bicvcles and tricycles for which the company is celebrated. No castings whatever are used in the construction of these cycles, which embrace all of the best designs, with special imj^rovements originated for the most i^art by President Warwick, who exercises personal sujiervision of all de])artments. All solid ]iarts are drop forgings of choice Xorwav steel ; the spokes of drawn steel wire; adjustable ball dust-proof bearings; all hollow parts of cold-drawn weldless steel tubing with heavy gauge taper to resist strain; tires of pure Para gum, and the workmanship and finish of the best. The new stvle " Perfection " wheel is all that skill and experience, combined with ingenuity and care, can make it. The factorv at Hanover and Washington streets is a large one. convenientlv arranged, the machinery eepiipment valued at $45,000. Crude oil is used for fuel, and the establishment is remarkalily neat and clean. The capital invested aggregates 5iOO,000. President Warwick is an inventor and a practical mechanic, of English birth, and has had twenty years' experi- ence in England and America. The board of directors includes sucii prominent Springfield citizens as Nathan D. 15111, A. B. Wallace, (George A. Russell, and Herbert Myrick. A view of the works is given on the opposite page. 92 INLAND MASSACHUSEl IS ILLUS IK A 1 KD. MORGAN ENVELOPE COMPANY. Elisha Morgan, President; R. W. Day, Treasurer; Manufacturers of Envelopes, Papetenes, and Toilet Papers — Harrison Ave., bet. Main and Dwight Sts. The Morgan Envelope Conipanv is the outgrowth of a nKxlest c-ntcrprise established twenty-five years ago by Mr. Elisha Morgan. The factory was for a time situated on Hiilman street, tiien remov- ed to 'iaylor street, and afterward en- larged as occasion recpiired. In the mean time the style ch.mged in 1872 ti (jm E. Morgan & ( '<). to the Morgan Envelope Compa- ny, incorporated with Si 00,000 i)aid- up cajjital. The present tine factory and otfice building on Harrison ave. was erected in 1S83. Substantiallv con- structed of brick, with terra cotta trimmings and cor- ner tower, it fronts So feet on I larrison avenue, with a total depth of 230 feet, and is five stories in height, with lofty basement under all. A m pi e windows light every floor during the day and an abundance of electric lights at night, while warmth is distributed every- where through miles of steam pipes fitted with radiators wherever desirable. The ven- tilation is perfect, neatness is en- forced, and every provision is made tor the comfort, healtli, and safety of the hundreds of people employed. The ecpiipment includes, besides four large boilers and a 200-horse-power steatn engine, the largest and most varied complement of ingenious paper-cutting, ruling, printing, and embossing machinerv in this country, the greater ]>art of it unicpie in pattern, designed and made for this companv, Which owns the |)atents. In the base- ment are the repair shops, storage, jiacking, and ship- l)ing departments ; on the first Hoor the elegant busi- ness otilices and counting-room, finished goods ware- rooms, etc. ; on the second floor the box factorv, wiicrc all the ])aper bo.xcs and shipping cases used by the comi)any are made ; the tiiird Hoor is devoted to the manufacture and jirinting of envelopes of every descri])lion, of which two millions can be pro- duced daily. These goods, together with iiajieteries ^' in all imaginable styles, embrace everything relating to corresi)ondence (pens and ink cxcejited) for which ^""- -- Icmaiid. Most new styles originate with this house, and are rci>laced by new INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 93 ones semi-annually. The Morgan Envelope Company easily leads all coniiietitois in the development of new ideas, and its customers may at all'times rely upon obtaining the latest wrinkle in fashionable stationery. Half of the fourth floor is devoted to printing, fitted up with a complete outfit of printing, stamjMng, bronzing, and cutting machinery, and has capacity for half a million impressions daily. The remainder of that floor is occupied by machinery foV the manufacture of toilet papers, of which this company is the largest producer in the world, having about twenty pat- ents on the various styles and forms, and sever; patents on machinery for their manufacture. The popular styles known as the "King Package " (cut No. 3), and the " Oval King Roll " (cut No. 4), are made here. Cuts Nos. 1 and 2 illustrate styles of Morgan's patent mucilage stands and mucilage l)ottles, which have no rivals in point of excellence and con- venience. 'I'he Morgan Envelope Company has on several occasions demonstrated the ex- tent of its resources and its ability to perform a vast amount of work in a short time. An instance is cited in the case of the first Ameri- can postal cards, of which 51,000,000 were ^°- 3- delivered to the post office department in ninety days. This company, in connection with the Plympton Man- ufacturing Company, has for fifteen years past supplied the post office department with all stamped envelopes and wrappers and all envelopes used for the official business of the thousands of post offices throughout the country. That factory, separate from the company's other business, has a daily capacity of 3,000,000 envelopes. EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY INSURANCE CORPORATION, LIMITED, Of London, England — Paid-up Capital, $500,000 ; Subscribed Capital, $2,500,000 ; Deposited in United States, $540,000 — Endicott & Macomber, Managers and Attorneys for United States ; W. A. Carleton, Agent for Western Massachusetts, Fuller Block, Springfield, Mass. The employers' lialiility act, which went into effect in Massachusetts SejJtcmber i, 1SS7, has been the cause of a large increase in the number of claims made upon em]jloyers, and it seems as necessary for emi)lovers to protect themselves from loss arising from such claims as from fire or other hazard usually insured against. This cor]5oration issues i)olicies at reason- able rates, securing protection to the employer, in respect to claims made for accident to emjiloyes for which they hold the employer to be liable. Every accident involves a liability to action at law, and even when successful in defending suits large costs are incurred. The ])olicy issued by this company ])rotects the employer against all such law costs, even though defense is successful in showing the employer not to be liable, and, if the decision is against the employer, the corporation /(n'.r ///(■ (i'wc//;//';'tV"(^r'(7';v/, within the limits of the ])olicy, tos;ct/u'r with alnrt'e costs attending the litigation. This corporation has originated, and is now issuing, " outside risk" policies, by which the liability of a contractor in respect of accidents to tlw pttblic, and to workmen employed by other contractors, is assumed by the corporation for a moderate premium. The large number of these accidents, and the numerous suits which have arisen in consequence, resulting in heavy losses, have brought about a ]3ressing demand for such a class of insurance. This policy forms an admii^able su]0])lement to the ordinary employers' liability insurance. If desired, accidents to the public only will be covered, 'i'lie cor])oration is also j^repared to issue policies assuming any other special liabilities of a contractor for accidents, insurance against liability for elevator accidents, indemnifying owners or lessees of public buildings, hotels, ofiices, exchanges, warehouses, stores, etc., against loss arising from compensation they may be recpiiied to jjay for injuries caused to any person (passenger, attendant, or employe) in elevators or elevator wells, situate in a building owned or leased by the insured. The corjjoration also issues accident policies giving greater benefits than are given by any other company in the United .States, at same cost, providing at once a liberal amount in case of death or disablement resulting from accident, leaving, in ]:)referred class — $5,000 for loss of life ; $5,000 for loss of two hands ; $5,000 for loss of two feet ; $5,000 for loss of two eyes ; $5,000 for loss of one hand and one foot ; $2,500 for loss of one hand ; $2,50ofor loss of one foot; $2:; weekly indenniitv for disablement, at an annual iiremium of $20.00. Policies for $10,000 arc issued on same lerms as above. P'or any further information desired, address W. \. Carleton, Fuller's block, .S|>ringficld, Mass., agent for Western Massachusetts. The trustees for the United States include Oliver W. I'ealiody, Escp, Kidder, I'eabodv & Co., Boston; Chauncey M. Dcpew, Escj., Pres. X. \. C. & II. R. R. R. Co., New York; Samuel .Sloan, Esq., Pres. Del., Lacka. & West. R. K. Co., New York; Wm. .A. French, Esq., Pres. Mass. Xat'l Hank, Abram French & Co., l^oston : Hon. John Lowell, ISoston. 94 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. THE SPRINGFIELD PRINTING AND BINDING CO. Louis H. Orr, President and Manager; W. H. Nevins, Treasurer— Printing House Square, Entrance, No. 46 Harrison Ave. This company was organised in iSSS to succeed the well known Springfield Piinting Co., and occupies the' substantial eight-story building shown in the acconi])anying engraving, and erected expressly for the re- quirements of this great ])rint- ing and book binding establish- ment. The building is located about 150 feet back from the street, and has sufficient space .ibout it to insure abmulant iight on all sides. The office is a])proached by an as]:halt paved court leading from tlie handsome wrought iron arch at Harrison avenue; and for the delivery and shi])ment of freight. teams are admitted to the real of the building at two entrances on llillman street. This structure is the loftiest in the city, and its provisions for the admission of light and annihilation of fire are jirol)- ablv unsurpassed in any like establishment. Two elevators are used to carry the employes to their various work rooms, and these together with the manmioth freight elevator are enclosed in towers, separated by solid brick walls from the main building, and two large fire-]iroof vaults jiroject ficjm rear of basement, under ground. This remarkable ])rovision against fire is apjireciated by the ]niblishing houses ]iatron- izing the com|iany, and will not seem extravagant to those who know the great value of the book jilates in the posses- sion of this comjiany. The entire eight floors arc used c.xclnsivelv for the printing and binding business, and every ]iortion of every pro- four walls and under one roof, ment, having greater good comprehensive mechanical fa- this coimtry. The work in with an eve single to excel- lence, and much of it is remarkable lOr .a i-inality "( conception combined with beauty of execution. The various branches of the work are conducted with remarkable system, and are all under the sole personal management of Mr. Orr, with the exception of the electrotype department, located on one side of the fourth floor, which is owned and operated indej^cnd- entlv bv Chas. Van Vlack. This company's work embraces every kind of ])rinling for all purposes, and bindery work of every description. and their large facilities give them decided advantages over their com- petitors when close prices are required. Among their si)ecialties may be enumerated illus- trated catalogues and price lists, literary ])roductions, artistic pamphlets and brochures, advertising novelties and calendars, book making, library and job binding, blank book man- nfactiuing, jiaper ruling for ]iaper makers, etc., etc. Hull i> ixcciitcd within the A more complete establish- taste in arrangement, or more cilities, is not to be found in all departments is performed INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. BARNEY & BERRY, 95 Manufacturers of Improved Blade and Roller Skates— Foot of Broad St. There is probably no other atliletic appliance that combines in itself so much of keen enjoyment, healthful exercise, and economy as the skate, which, whether designed for use on ice or floor, has unquestionably ministered largely to the pleasure and the muscuh^r development of the race. Among the most extensive manufacturers of these devices in their various forms is the firm of ISarnev & l^erry, established at Pecowsic in 1S64. The venture i)roved a successful one, and two years later the works were removed to Mill river. Mr. IJerry retired in 1869, but for good and sufficient reasons the old style was retained, Mr. llainey prosecuting the business with renewed energy and building up a trade that justified the erection in 1S72 of large shops, 30 X 100 feet, two stories and basement, with neat tower, at the foot of Kroad street. If Mr. Karney imagined that he had thus provided for all future requirements he was mistaken, for within ten years the demand for his su])erior goods had again outgrown the facilities for pro- duction, and he was compelled to build the jMesent great three-story factory, 100 feet front on Broad, 200 on Elmwood, and 200 on Hanover streets. The tracks of the New York, New Haven & Hartford railroad skirt the ]3remises, and, provided with steam power, gas light, a large and costly complement of machinery (much of it constructed expressly for this plant), and numerous accpiired advantages, employing from fifty to seventy-five hands and turning out the best work that ample capital, skill, and experience can devise or make, there is practically no limit to their capacity or the market for their outjuit, which comprises the best and most celebrated styles ever offered skaters, which were awarded first premiums at Philadelphia. Paris, and Vienna. An illustrated catalogue, showing all of the styles made — " Ladies' Clam]:)," " Keyless," " Rink," "American," " Ice King," etc., to the number of more than twenty — is sent on application. New York office. No. 114 Chambers street; Boston, No. 113 Broad street; Philadelphia, No. 514 Commerce street. J. K. DEXTER & CO., Wholesale Dealers in Cotton Rags and Paper Stock — Nos. 89, gi, 93, and 95 Wor- thington St. Springfield, the principal railroad center of a region renowned for the extent and variety of its paper manufacturing industries, is naturally a leading depot for the receipt and distribution of the supjilies required bv pajter makers, the most imjiortant of which are the raw materials — rags, worn-out rope, wood pulp, waste Jiapcr, etc. A representative house in this branch of trade, and one which, though in existence only a year or so, has already secured far-reacliing connec- tions, is that of J. K. Dexter & Co., established necember 15, 1888. The firm is com]wsed of Messrs. Henry S. Dickinson, ]ircsident and treasurer of the Geo. R. Dickinson Paper Com- pany of Hohoke, and Jenness K. Dexter, formerly witli the long-established firm of Dickinson i\: ^tayo, and more recently of .\. N. Mavo & Co. As already stated, the firm began Inisiness under the present style in December, 18S8, having jiurchased J- S. Carr's five-storv l)rick block, 25 x 100 feet, at Nos. 89 and 91 Worthing- ton street. Requiring more room, they purchased the adjoining ]5roperty, 32 x 100 feet, and erected the five-story brick lilock Nos. 93 and 95 Worthington street, and, with their electric power ])ress and increased sorting facilities, are equipped to supjily tlie trade in a first-class manner. BRIGHTWOOD. THE vilUige of Brightwood is one of Springfield's handsomest and most prosperous suburbs, two miles distant, and reached by the Connecti- cut River raih'oad and by street cars. There are several ext^ensive indus- trial establishments here, the largest being the Wason Manufacturing Company's great car works. The village is being rapidly improved, a great number of new residences and several factories going up last season. WASON MANUFACTURING COMPANY. George C. Fisk, President; H. S. Hyde, Treasurer ; L. C. Hyde, Secretary; H. Pear- son, Superintendent — Builders of Railroad Cars — Works, Brightwood. Tiie Wason ^lanutacturiiig Comixxny is one ot the most povveitul and influential industrial corporations, and its works at Brightwood the largest in the Connecticut valley. The com- pany itself was established in 1S53 to succeed the old firm of Thomas \Y. & Charles Wason, founiled in 1845, '^^^'^ incorporated in 1S64 with a paid-up capital of $150,000, since increased to $300,000. Thomas W. Wason was the first president, and, dying in 1870, was succeeded bv iNIr. George C. Fisk, previously superintendent. Mr. Henrv S. Hvde, president of the Agawani National liank of Springfield, a director of several other banking institutions, and treasurer of the .Springfield -Steam Power Company, is treasurer. The superintendent, H. Pearson, is an experienced and accomplished practical mechanic, ingenious and progressive, whose specialty is the improvement of railroad rolling stock. The works, comprising some ten or twelve immense one and two story brick and frame buildings, cover, with their appurtenances, about eight acres of ground, and are connected by private switch tracks with the Connecticut River railroad, by means of which the cars con- structed on the premises are shipped direct to the various roads throughout this country for which they are built, or to New York or lioston for shipment by sea to foreign countries, many of their best orders coming from Central America, the Argentine Republic, Portugal, and other distant lands, the total output averaging $700,000 per annum. The buildings are ample and convenient, the equipment among the most complete of the kind in the world, and thecapacitv equal to any probable demand, while the work done is unsurjjassed in point of materials used, design, workmanship, and finish. From 375 to 400 hands are emploved. N. W. TALCOTT AXLE WORKS. S. & W. C. Lawton, Proprietors — Manufacturers of Finest Wrought Iron Tender and Car Axles, Equalizing Bars, Locomotive Driving Shafts and Frames — Ham- mered Shafting and Bar Iron, Heavy Forgings in General — Works, Brightwood. These works, established at Springfield some thirty-five years ago by the late N. W. Tal- cott, who subsequently removed the plant to Brightwood, have long enjoyed a national reputation for the e.Kcellence of their products. In 1SS6 McFetheries & Lawton succeeded Mr. Talcott, and in May of last year the present firm of S. & W. C. Lawton was formed, Mr. ,,, , , McFetheries retir- [ r^ ■ -iimii-ni '--" -■ - ' J i"g- The works com- - '^ prise a substantial frame building 45 x 60 feet, with office a d j o i n i n g. T w o ])owei ful steam ham- mers and a comjjlete equipment of improved iron-working machinery and appliances are provided, and a com- petent force of skilled workmen is employed, a 30-horse-powcr steam engine furnishing the nccessarv motive ])ower. The firm use onlv the choicest scrap iron, selected with an eye to toughness and ductility, and the work turned out is unsurjiassed bv that of any similar concern in the world. They make every description of hammered shafting, bar iron, and heavv forgings, but give es]iecial attention to tender and car axles, ccpiali/ing bars, locomotive driving shafts, and frames — a class of work demanding extraordinary accuracy and strength. Their products, large in quan- itv and of unquestioned sui:)eriority, are in fast increasing demand, and are extensively used upon the railroads and in the machine shojis of New luigland and New \'ork. The car a.xle above rciircscntcd stood the following test : A 1,640 pound weight dropped on the center three times from a height of 10 feet, and 54 times from a height of 15 feet, being 52 blows more than the rc(piircd standard test. INDIAN ORCHARD. THE village of Indian Orchard, situated on the Springfield & Athol rail- road six miles east of Springfield, in the town of Springfield, is a quiet but extremely pleasant place of about 1,400 inhabitants. It is a manufacturing center of some importance, shipping heavily of steam valves and similar products, and hitherto of cotton goods, though at pres- ent that industry is not so prosperous as formerly. CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO. Joseph W. Smith, President ; Samuel R. Payson, Treasurer ; Jason Giles, General Manager — Manufacturers of Valves and Gates for Water, Gas, Steam, Oil, Ammonia, Acids, etc., and Post and Flush Gate Fire Hydrants — Works, Indian Orchard; Treasurer's Office, No. 72 Kilby St., Boston. The storv of the Chapman Valve Mfg. Co. is one of struggles and triumphs. To quote their own language : " Starting fourteen j'ears ago, under the adverse circumstances of ' hard times,' and a thoroughly equipped list of competitors in the valve and hydrant busi- ness, we believed that the ' Chapman,' if honestly built, was in the end sure to win the favor of the public in its general principles of construction and ada])tability for all general uses to which a straightway valve or fire hydrant may be aj^plied. The verdict of the public after these fourteen vears, without solicitation of trade on our part to any extent, has obliged us, in order to meet the demands of the trade, to enlarge from time to time, until now we have the largest and best equipped works in the country for the manufacture of these goods." Com- bined simplicitv of operation, superior material and workmanship, durability, and inter- changeability of parts — the best work at fair cost — and straightforward, ujjright business methods, have brought to this company, as it invariably does to those who work on the same plan, public confidence, a steadily increasing patronage, and prosperity. The companv's line of products is quite comprehensive and embraces valves for all pur- poses — composition steam and water valves, screw or flange ends, with stationary, rising, or sliding spindle and lever; Bibb valves ; composition hose valves ; automatic drip valves for railroad water pijjes, fire stand pipes, etc. ; service valves for water-works ; gas, oil, and ammonia valves for light and heavy pressure; iron-body screw-top, steam, and water valves, }'2 to 4 inches; iron-bodv bolted-top steam and water valves, 2)4 to 4S inches, with inside or outside screw and yoke or compound screw ; heavy pressure valves for ]")umps, hydraulic min- ing niachinerv, oil pumjiing lines, etc. ; gas, oil, and ammonia valves of iron, 2}^ to 48 inches; iron-body gas gates with bolted top, bell or spigot ends; long-end gas gates; iron-body water gates, com])osition moimtings, bolted tops, bell or spigot ends, 2 to 48 inches; large water gates with gearing, with or without by-pass relief ; natural gas valves for light and heavv ])ressure; the Chapman gate fire hvdrant with or without independent valves for each outlet or hose nozzle ; the same with independent valves for steamer outlets ; heavy com]3anion flanges; ammonia valves for medium pressure, all iron, with s]5ecial Babbitt seats and packing rings, etc. An illustrated descrijjtive circular and j^rice list is forwarded on ap]ilication. As already intimated, the Cha]mian Valve Manufacturing Company was incorjiorated in 1S75. The capital stock at this time is $400,000, and the works at Indian Orchard — illustrated herewith — are the most extensive of the kind in tlie United States; the buildings, including machine and blacksmith shojis, three stories, 50 .x 200 feet; boiler room, one story, 50 x 85 feet ; iron foundry, one story, 60 x 1S4 feet, with annex, 25 x 112 feet ; brass foundry, one story, 85 X 100 feet ; jiattern sho]) and storehouse, one story, 40 x 90 feet ; finished goods warehouse, one story, 35 x 98 feet ; two one-storv raw material warehouses, 25 x 150 and 20 x 60 feet ; two-story olifice, 35 x 35 feet ; stable, 25 x 66 feet, and hose house, 13 x 25 feet — all brick. In addition to this thcv are just com))leting an extension to machine shop, 12S x 50, and a new boiler and engine room, 60 x 34. The machinery equijiment, first-class and much of it unique, is driven l)y two steam engines, one of 75 horse power, and one of 40 horse ]50wer, and 200 skilled and unskilled workmen are emploved. The valves made here are in general use all over the United States, and are largelv exported to Canada, Creat Britain, Central America, Australia, Ja])an. (."hina, and other foreign countries. President Smith resides at Andover, and Treasurer Payson at Boston. General Manager Jason Giles, a jiractical mechanic of many years' experience in valve construction, has immediate charge of the works. L.ofC. WEST SPRINGFIELD. T^HE town of West Springfield, the original settlement of William Pyn- A chon, and the site of the first house ever erected by white men in the Connecticut valley above Windsor, Conn., was incorporated February 23, 1774, and is bounded on the east by the Connecticut river, on the west by the town of Westfield, on the north by the town of Holyoke, and on the south by the town of Agawam — the Westfield river separating it from the latter. The Boston & Albany railroad passes through the town, and it is two and a half miles from the Union station in Springfield to the village station at West Springfield. Population of town and village about 2,000. Power in abundance is obtained from the Westfield river, and great quan- tities of high grade paper, flour, feed, etc., are manufactured here. West Springfield is a quiet, shady place of residence, easily accessible by steam and horse cars, and many Springfield business men and mechanics make their homes here. SOUTHWORTH COMPANY. John H. Southworth, President ; H. W. Southworth, Treasurer — Manufacturers of Superior Bankers' Linen, Linen Ledger, Linen Bond, Linen Vellum, and Extra Super Writing Paper — West Springfield; P. O. Address, Mittineague, Mass. The name of Southworth has been identified with the manufacture of fine linen papers here for half a century. The old mill on the Agawam was erected in 1S39, and from first to last produced high-grade papers exclusively. The present mill, erected in 1S80 and herewith illus- trated by front and rear views, is one of the most complete and perfect in all ap]3ointments ever designed ant! constructed. The main Iniilding is of three stories, 60 .\ 150 feet, with two- story L, 40 .\ 40 feet, three-story engine-room, 32 .\ 106 feet, from which juts the three-story finishing department, 84 x 90 feet ; the machine-room is 32 .\ 96 feet, the bleaching-room 41 X 47 feet, the boiler-house (containing a forty-horse-power steam engine) 32 x 46 feet, the whole lighted by gas and heated by steam. Across the canal is the rag warehouse, 32 .\ 80 feet, readied by a bridge. One hundred and thirty people find employment in the various departments, and the average output is two tons per dav. A specialtv for which this house is distinguished is its unequaled bankers' linen papers, white and blue, ruled and laid, with envelopes to match. The Southworth Company was awarded the grand medal at the Philadeliihia Centennial E.xposition, and controls an appreciative trade. The company's "Complete Tablet," a tablet of high grade paper with a box of envelopes attached, is a new departure in stationery that has added to the already established reputation of the company. AGAWAM FLOURING MILLS. Frank L. Worthy & Co., Manufacturers of Flour— Commission Merchants and Dealers in Feed, Grain, and Hay— West Springfield. Wheat-growing on a large scale is no longer profitable in New England, and the milling industry has followed the agricultural specialty u]ion which it is dei>endent to the Northwest. Nevertheless we occasionally find a well-equipped and busv mill even in Massachusetts, and one of the largest and best of these is the plant of Frank L. Worthv & Co. at West Spring- field, known as the Agawam flouring mills — a frame structure of three stories, 80 .\ 15 feet, with storage warehouse, 30 x 60 feet— erected bv Mr. [. L. Worthv in 1888, who installed his son as manager June i, iS,S5, himself assuming the jiosition of " C'o." or silent partner. For many years the elder Mr. Worthy condnctcd'a flour, grain, feed, and hav store on Hampden street, Springfield, and is now jiresidcnt of the Wortliy Paper Com])anv at Mittineague. Mr. Frank Worthy was formcrlv with the Springdale Paper Companv, and now travels almost I02 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. constantly in the interest of the mills, his territory extending as far cast as Boston, and west to I'ittsfield. The equipment of the mills is first-class, and the lirm produce large quantities of choice rtour and mill Iced. They are also heavy dealers in grain and hay, and fill orders for ship- ment to all railroad points at short notice, and on reasonable terms. Frank I.. Worthy A: Co. make leading specialties of Graham and rye flour, and do a gen- eral commission business. AGAWAM. "THE town of Agawam — the original settlement of William Pynchon * and his confreres — is the extreme southern town of Hampden county on the west bank of the Connecticut, the State line forming the southern boundarj', the towns of Westfield and Southwick lying to the west, and the Westfield river and West Springfield to the north. Agawam is a fertile and populous town, the low-lying farming lands being relieved by rugged hills in the western and northern parts. The territory em- braced in its limits formed at an caiiy day a portion of the town of Springfield, and later of West Springfield, but was incorporated under its present name by act of the Legislature, May 17, 1855. Excellent water power is supplied by the Westfield river and Three-mile and Still brooks. The manufacturing village of Agawam (Mittineague post t)ftice) is a neat and prosperous place, reached by means of the Boston ic Albany raih'oad and street cars from Springfield, passengers leaving the cars at West Springfield station and crossing the river liy means of a substantial public bridge. WORTHY PAPER COMPANY, Manufacturers of Writing Papers — Agawam, Mass.; P. O. Mittineague — J. L. Worthy, President; Geo. L,. Wright, Treasurer; Geo. L. Wright, Jr., Agent. The manufacture of jiaper is an industry that for some une.\i>hiincil reason seems to have established its ])rincipal habitat in Central Massachusetts, and grt)\vs in importance witii the development of the country at large. Prominent among the representative houses hereabout devoting their energies to the production of tine writing and ledger i)a])ers is the W'orthv l'a|)er Company, whose extensive and magnificently eipiipped mill is situated on the northwest bank of the .\gawam river, adjacent to the Boston tS: Albanv railroad tracks, in the town of Agawam. The main structure is of brick, four stories, 50 .\ 120 feet, with two-story I., 50 .\ So feet, and wing of three stories, 40 x 40 feet, 'i'he etpiipment comprises, besides the usual dusting, grinding, and macerating a]5])liances, a big turbine wheel operated by water-]iowcr. a 130-horse- ])ower steam engine to su]j])lement the wheel, and a ten-horse-])ower electric motor. ]-lver\'- thing about the plant is of the best, and embraces all late valuable imjirovements. Si.xty people are employed, who receive $2,200 a month in wages, and the caj^acity is two-and-a-half tons of finished gocnls per diem. It is hardlv necessary to dwell upon the (|uality of the Worthy Company's pai)ers, whicli are confined to two varieties only — fine writing and fine ledger. They are favorably known to the trade, and to consmiiers throughout New luigland and the Western States, and their superioritv of material and finisli, extraordinary smoothness and strength, and i)ther good qualities are the subject of comment wherever introduced. That thev sell well is shown by the fact that the mill is run to its full capacity day and night, except Sundays, the year roimd. President J. L. Worthv is a wealthv, enterprising, and highlv-respccted citizen of West Springfield. Treasurer (Jeorge 1,. Wright, a native of Willnahani, resides at Agawam. .Agent Ceorge I.. NVright, Jr., was born in Berkshire county. The ])ost-office address of the Worthy Paper Company is Mittineague, Mass. WESTFIELD. THE town of Westfield, known to a former generation as Woronoak, is one of the largest in Hampden county, bounded on tiie north by the town of Southampton, Hampshire county, on the south by the town of Southwick, on the east by the towns of Holyoke, West Springfield, and Agawam, and on the west by the towns of Montgomery and Russell — all in Hampden county. The West- field river, running from west to east, divides the town into two nearly equal parts, and the Little river empties into the Westfield within the town limits. The Boston & Albany railroad follows the course of the Westfield river, and forms a junction at the village of Westfield with the New Haven & Northampton and Holyoke & West- field railroads. The land is for the most part level and quite sandy — the bed of a former lake — and is bounded to the north and west by ranges of low hills. Mount Tekoa is the loftiest elevation in the town, and commands a magnificent view in all directions for a distance of seventy miles. It is supposed that the first white settlement here was made by advent- urers from Connecticut, previous to 1641. The claim of Massachusetts was conceded in 1649, and permanent settlement was made and a trading post established about 1662, Captain John Pynchon of Springfield having a monopoly of the business under license from the General Court and buying all the furs offered by the Indians. He also purchased for the settlers the first lands transferred by the aborigines. The town was incorporated in 1699, and to the present day the local government of town and village is vested in a Ijoard of selectmen presided over by a moderator, and all local legislation is trans- acted in town meeting. Tlie village of Westfield — population 9.000 — is situated nine miles west of Springfield, and is an important industrial center, the products embrac- ing whips of every description in vast numbers, writing and printing papers, steam and hot air heating apparatus, machinery, pianos, piano legs and parts, church organs, furniture, cigars, cigar boxes, carriages, lumber, thread, cotton waste, undertakers' supplies, etc. A dam across the river and several canals furnish a superior water power in abundance, while the several railroads already named provide ample transportation facilities. SOLDIERS MONUMENT. I04 INLAND MASSAC HUSKTTS ILLUSTRATED. The villaije is a (iclijrluful place of residence, the streets broad, well shaded, and improved, lighted by electricity, clean and tidy. The public buildings, churches, factories, and business blocks are above the average in size and style, and a tasty soldiers' monument, herewith illustrated, fronting Park Square (a lovely grove in the center of the village), is the pride of the people. Banking facilities are fully adequate to all present requirements. Of banks of issue and discount there are two — the First National, capital $250,000, and the Hampden National, capital $150,000, while the Westfield and Woronoco savings banks hiive combined deposits amounting to more than $1,500,000. Education of the masses is carefully kxjked after, and numerous j^ri- mary, grammar, and high schools provide for the training of the young, an excellent public library su]')plying the people with entertaining and instructive reading matter. \Vcll-managed police and tire departments provide for the public security. Taxation is moderate, though receipts and expenditures are large, as is shown by the treasurer's report for the year ending February i, 1888 : Cash on hand February i, 1888, $18,600.05 I receipts for the year, $168,- 486.21 ; disbursements, $165,714.91 ; unexpended balance, $21,371.35. CRANE BROTHERS, Manufacturers of Linen Ledger, Record, Letter, Note, and other Papers. J. Arthur and Robert 1!. Crane, whose snjjerb ledger and record papers are tlic recognized standards of their clas.s, and in steadily increasing demand everywhere, are paper-makers l)y descent, llieir grandfather, Zenas Crane, having built the first pa])er mill at Dalton, .M;is>., in which their father, [.mu > i i,iM..iiul they in turn, niastcri-tl tin. 1 iuliin(.iit> nf thf ti.nlc- — for the best knowledge of the art tiftv or si.\ty years ago was nierelv nidimcntarv as compared to the ]ierfcction to which it has since been lirought. Coming to Wcstfield in 1.S6S, the brothers purchased a small new mill just completed by Stiles i\: Sibley for the manufacture of manila INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 105 papers, and after some delay required in making necessary alterations and additions, and the introduction of new improved machinery, began the production on a modest scale of fine linen writing papers, at the same time devoting a good deal of attention in an experimental way to the improvement of ledger and record ])apers, with the ultimate object of making this class of goods their leading si)ecialty. It was up-hill work at first, but gradually the superior qualitv of the new papers made for them a slowly broadening market, sales augmented, and eventually their trade became so well established as to require no particular effort ujjon the part of the firm to boom an article the transcendent merits of which are apparent at a glance to any one competent to form an intelligent opinion. The extra good quality of their other jjroducts had, however, in the mean time created for them a reputation as wide as the continent, and, the capacity of the original mill being insufficient to meet the requirements of the trade for all of their varieties, the firm decided upon the erection of a new mill — the "Glen" mill — about a mile above Westfield on the Little river, a branch of the Westfield river, to be devoted exclu- sively to the manufacture of the famous " Warranted All Linen " and " Japanese l,inen " brands of writing papers. The old, or " Japanese," mill is situated upon the Westfield river about a mile above the town. Each plant is complete in itself, arranged to run by water power, but provided with steam engines to supplement and replace the natural element in case of drought or accident. Both are shown in our cut, reproduced from the Paper World of December last, to which we are indebted for the apjiended information concerning equipment and some of the processes. The Glen mill has one Fourdrinier machine and five rag engines, and has a ca]5acity of a ton and a half a day. The water power is utilized by means of two Hercules wheels of 150 horse-power, and these are supplemented by a 125-horse-power Harris- Corliss steam engine, to be used when the water is low. All the rags for both mills are cut at the Japanese mill, and all the paper made at both mills is finished there, so that the first and last processes are under the immediate su]5erintendence of Mr. J. A. Crane, who devotes his time exclusively to the business of the mills and the sale of the famous ledger and record papers. The new mill was built and occupied in the autumn of 1SS6, and has been ever since run to its full capacity upon the specialties for which it was designed. During 1S88 mill No. i (the "Japanese ") was overhauled and greatly improved. A new Fourdrinier part was put into the machine, together with new screens, and the machine was removed to a newly fitted room designed expresslv for it. Seven new rag engines prepare the material for the big stock chest that feeds the imlp to the machine, and a new sizing-room is also among the imjjrove- ments. With these improvements thev have as good facilities for making ledger and record papers as any of their competitors. The capacity of the concern has been more than doubled within two years. The power at No. i mill is supplied through three Leffel water-wheels of 225 horse-power, and a Buckeye steam engine is on hand for use in case of a failure of the water power. The mills are lighted with incandescent electric lamps. The excellent qualities of the Crane Brothers' ])apers are attained by the most thorough and painstaking attention to detail, which begins when the rags enter the mill, and ends only when the finished paper is in the hands of the buyer. Only the finest white rags, cut by hand, are used for all the brands of paper made, and incessant and unremitting vigilance at every step is the ]irice of the quality of these papers. The water is brought from springs in the neighboring hills and conducted in pipes to the mill, where it is carefully filtered to make assurance of purity doublv sure. Washed in these waters the pulp attains a remarkable degree of cleanness and snowv white- ness. When the jnilp goes into the stuff-chest it represents the sum of all that human knowl- edge, patience, ingenuity, and watchfulness can do toward the ]3re])aration of the material for a paper that shall be clear, even, and solid in its substance, strong in its fiber, with an easv writing surface, and, what is of great importance in ledger and record books, cajjable of erasure without destruction of the writing surface ; and it is one of the achievements on which Crane Brothers especially pride themselves that an erasure on their ledger and record paper requires no ])omace or rubbing to smooth it for rewriting. The ledger and record ])apers are made in all the standard sizes and weights, from 15 x 19 inches, and weighing 22 pounds to the ream, through the different sizes and weights of demv, medium, roval, super roval, elephant, imperial, double cap, double demv, double medium, double roval, colombier, atlas, and double elephant, the latter 27 x 40 inches and weighing 125 p(nnids to the ream, while a still larger and heavier size is antiquarian, almost as thick as cardboard, 31 x 53 inches and weighing 200 pounds per ream. Crane Brothers are also projjrietors of the celebrated " Wolf Pit " stock farm. FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF WESTFIELD. M. B. Whitney, President; C. L Snow, Vice-President; Henry Hooker, Cashier — Elm Street. The historv of the First National dates back to the establishment of the oki Westfield Bank, a State institution chartered in 1S51. The bank, under its jjrcscnt nomenclature, was organized in 1S64, and a year later the consolidation was consummated, when, with a com- bined capital of $250,000, the concern was launched ujion a career of usefulness and prosjjcritv 8 io6 INLAND MASSACHUSEITS ILLUSTK ATED. tliat lias steadily augmented and widened iij) to the present moment, with flattering jjrospects of still further growth in beneficent jjower and influence. Many of the flourishing iniiustries of Westtield owe no small part of their success — some of them, perhaps, their very existence — to tlie liberality and |)ublic spirit of the First National's ofiicers and directors, whose every act, while tempered with sound conservatism, has ever been characterized with a high regaril for the general welfare and a desire to encourage in a substantial manner the establishment and piDSCcution of legitimate industrial and commercial enterprise. The tirst pre>ident of the Westfield iJank was \Villiam"(i. IJates, still remembered for his many acts of generosity and lofty personal character, while Cutter Laflin was the tirst president and G. 1,. l.aflin the first cashier of the First National. 'I'he original capital of the tirst was Sioo,ooo, of the lat- ter 5150,000. The First National is well housed in the commodious two-story brick building originallv erected for and occu|)ied by the oUl Westtield liank on Elm street, somewhat alteretl an<.l ini]>roved to meet modern rcfpiircments. Here a general banking business is transacteil, including the care of dei)osits, the making of loans on approved l)aper, discounts, collections, the issue of drafts, e.xchange, and letters of credit, and, in a word, the performance of everv legitimate banking functi(jn. Subjoined is the latest oiiticial report to the Comptroller of the Currency, of date September 30, iS^ir): — LIAIUMTIIiS. Capital stock paid in. — ?25o,ooo 00 Surplus fund 85,00000 Undivided profits '3.'J>3 S' National bank notes outstnnding 2iS,Soo 00 Dividends unpaid 2,17500 Individual deposits subject to check i')7,3g6 22 Demand certificates of deposit 6..Siy3 o; Due to other national banks 2.1. (>22 20 Due to state banks and bankers 23.370 54 RE.SOURCE.S. Loans and discounts 5282,55? 71 Overdrafts 662 L". .S. bonds, to secure circulation 250,00000 U. S. bonds on hand 60,000 00 Due from approved reserve agents '26,357 14 Due from other national banks 3,354 i>S g.ooo 00 2,9qo 33 22,077 "3 Real estate, furniture, and fixtures. Current expenses and taxes paid.. .. Premiums paid Checks and other cash items Hills of other banks Fractional currency, nickels, and c.-nis .Specie Legal tender notes 6,12500 Redeinption fund with U. .S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circulation) 8,690 00 2,085 00 <)7 64 17,831 50 Total 5791,17082 Total. $791,170 ■<> THE TEXTILE MANUFACTURING COMPANY. Erastus Collins, President; Albert S. Atkins, Vice-President; John C. Brooks, Treasurer; L. H. Pease, Assistant Treasurer; S. B. Campbell, Secretary- Manufacturers of Fine Casket Hardware— No. 171 Elm St. Improvement is the order of the day, and this holds good in mortuarv appliances as well as in those more intimately relatirt^ to the wants of this world. Within the memorv of men now living it was considered suflicient for even the rich that the breathless clav should be consigned to the tomb encased in a neat cherrv coffin unornamented save perhai)s with a brass or silver plate bearing the name and age of 'the deceased. Now all this is changed, and the trappings of sorrow outrival in sumptucnisness and cost those of jov. Such is the demand of the titiie, and whenever there exists a demand for anvthing made bv hands it is certain to be supi)licd. Of recent years there has been a steadv' advance in the manner of decorating the coffins and caskets of the dead, and one of the niost apjiropriate and decorous of the changes made was in covering the handles with textile materials in keeping with the i)urpose for which they are designed, thus avoiding what must have often appeared a barbaric displav of glittering silver. The Textile Manufacturing Company of Westfield is the leader in this reform, and its beautiful gootls have come into' general use wherever introduced. Leading funeral -directors everywhere have united in their adoption, and sales have rapidlv increased since the coinpany's establishment in iSSo with a modest cajiital of $50,000, tmtil' last year's output, distributed all over the Union, east, west, north, and south, amounted in value to 5200,000, with a [irospect of greatly exceeding that sum for 1S90. The goods are familiar to the trade, and rccpiire no detailed description; suffice it to sav that thev are the handsotuest, the iiiost substantial, and the most acceptable in every way ever offered. The comjianv's plant is located in the Power Company's building. No. 171 Elm street, occupying three floors, each 50 x 140 feet, with thirtv-foot L, the whole heated bv steam, lighted with gas, and the office elegantly finished in hard woods. The machinery outfit is complete, and seventy-five superior skilled hands find the means of a liberal livelihood in the works, the pay-roll averaging Si,ooo per week. Five men travel for the house, and their sales are suffi- cient evidence of the industry and tact that characterize their operations. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 10/ JOHN C. SCHMIDT & CO., Manufacturers of Whips and Lashes of every Description— Importers and Dealers in Rattan, Whip Material, Holly and Fancy Whip Sticks— Nos. 42 to 48 Arnold Street. It is twenty-three years since Mr. John C. Schmidt began the nianufacture of whips in this city, and he has always done a good and growing business. In iSHj the prc'^ent firm was established, composed of Messrs. John C. Schnudt and R. H. Austin. Both mem- bers are practical whip makers, both are enterprising and industrious, and the firm of fohn C. Schmidt cS: Co. is fast coming to the front as one of the best known and most reliable in the country. The upper floors of the buildings, Nos. 42, 44, 46, and 48 Arnold street, each 24 .\ 48 feet, are occupied for factory purposes, and are fitted up with the latest improved machinery appropriate to the making of whips and lashes of every description, a fine twelve-horse-powe'r steam engine furnishing the motive power and the concern giving employinent to about thirty trained work people, males and females. Messrs. John C. Schmidt & Co. are also extensive importers of rattan and whip materials, and deal largely in holly and fancy \vhip sticks, which they supply to the trade in quantities to suit at lowest market prices. Their goods, both raw and' manufactured, are of the highest grade, and sales are large and steadily increasing, transactions for the past year exceeding J^50,ooo. Mr. Schmidt is a German by birth, while Mr. Austin is a native of this C'ommonwealtir. W. WARREN THREAD WORKS, Manufacturers of Spool Cotton, Threads, Cords, and Yarns — Importers of Linen Thread in Skeins, Hanks, and on Spools, and of English Holly Stocks, Rough and Finished — Nos. i, 3, 5, and 7 N. Elm St. Vast quantities of the better grades of thread, cord, and yarn are consumed in the manu- facture of whi]5S, and Westfield being the great leading center of that industry, no more favorable location could be found for the establishment of works for making the varieties of this material in greatest request. This was the idea that actuated Mr. William \Varren when, in 1 88 1, he decided to engage in the business at this point. The venture proved immediately and decidedly successful in the spool cotton department — so much so that it was in 1SS8 determined to enlarge the works, invest more capital, and extend the scope of operations in all respects. Originally the premises occupied consisted of a single three-story frame struct- ure, 25 X 70 feet, but u]5on the admission 01 Mr. W. P. Warren last year and the adoption of the ]iresent style extensive additions were made — one of three stories, 35 x 50 feet, at the north end of the former structure, and a one-story dye-house, 40 x 60 feet, at the rear. Across Elm street is the stock-house of one story, 30 x 50 feet,, while the mill, commodious and well equipped, is situated on the river l>ank. The machinery is run by water power, a thirtv-five- horse-power steam engine l^eing held in reserve for use when the water is low. P'orty operatives, clerks, etc., are employed here and two capable salesmen on the road, and the output must be very large. Besides manufacturing every description of spool cotton, cords, thread, and yarns for whi])-making and kindred uses, the Warren Thread Works are also importers on a heavy scale of polished threads and Swiss linen threads in skeins, hanks, and on the spool, and of rough and finished English holly stocks. Orders in large or small quantities are promptly filled for local delivery or shipment at lowest prices and with the choicest goods. ^Ir. Warren was the first business man in Westfield to ligiit his factory by means of elec- tricity generated on the premises. His residence is said to be the only one in the State lighted by the same means, water-power being used for the private dynamo. EMMONS HOWARD, Church Organ Manufacturer — No. 344 Elm St. The manufacture of church organs has readied a point of wonderful jjcrfection. and Amer- ican designers and IniiJders are in the lead in this as in other brandies of mcclianical art. .Among tlie most successful of the newer ventures into this field is Mr. Emmons Howard, a recognized master of organ construction, formerly emiilovcd by celebrated makers in this vicinity, and who established himself on his own account at Xo. 344 Elm street in 1883, since whicli comparatively recent date he lias made for himself a superb rcinitatiou at home and abroad, and l>uilt, along with his su])erior organs, an excellent and growing business that covers all of Xew England and extends into adjoining territory. Mr. Howard's establisliment is a large one, requiring for its accommodation a suljstantial three-story frame building, qox7ofeet with 30 x 50-foot one-story L. Seven hands — among them several of the finest workmen in the United States — are employed, and all are kept busy on orders for new instruments, remodeling, and rejiairs. io8 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED THE H. B. SMITH COMPANY. J. R. Reed, President; A. Mercer, Vice-President; P. C. Smith, Treasurer — Manu- facturers of Apparatus for Heating by Steam or Hot Water — Boiler Works Cor. Main and Basin Sts. ; Radiator Works, North Elm St. ; Office and W^are- rooms, No. 137 Center St., New York. H. h. Smith and the late Kdwin Smith began the manufacture of steam and hot water heat- ing apparatus as long ago as 1S53, the works at first being of quite modest dimensions, consuming, in fact, less than a ion of iron per day. They de- voted their entire time, labor, and talents to improving and increasing the product, and gradually the plant was en- larged, and the scojie of oper- ations extended until at this time the works, located at W'csKield. comi)rise two dis- tinct cslablishmcnts. Tiie orig- inal shujis and foundry are situated alongside the tracks i)f the New Haven & North- ampton division of the Xew ^'(>rk, New Haven & Hart- ford railroad on Main street, and consist of the machine and finishing shops building, of brick, three stories, 60 x 100 feet; a one-story brick foundry, roc x 125 feet, running two cui)olas of thirty tons combined capacity; a two-story brick warehouse, 50 x 140 feet; a one-story fitting shop in rear of the foundry, 60 x 100 feet ; a onc-and-a-lialf-story office, 25 x 50 feet, and a storehouse, 50 x 125 feet — the whole lying on both sides of liasin street, and covering in all, with sheds and apjiur- tenances, about two acres of land, lighted tluoughout bv electricity, licatcd by steam, and employing one hundred and seventy-five mechanics antl hcl])crs. The new works, erected in 1885 and illustrated here- with, are situated in the northern suburb, lying be- tween VAm street and the Northampton branch of the New \'ork. New Haven & Ilartfortl railroad, with which they are connected by a private switch, as are also the shops above de- scribed. The new ])lant comprises a sui)erbly ajv pointed foundry 70 .\ 200 feet, with two cupolas, a machine shoj) 40 x 200 feet, and warehouse for storage of finished goods 35 X 500 feet, all of brick, except storehouse, with en,:;::.^ ,;;.J ijjiler hmi.->e, slied> .nul all leciiuMte .i))i)iu tcii.iiiLc.^. Two hundred men earn a livelihood at this establishment, and the entire force at both jilaces is about four hundred. It will thus be seen that the manufacturing cajiacity is immense, the facilities unsurpassed, and delay in the filling of orders seldom if ever necessary. The H. 15. Smith Company as now constituted was organized and incor|Jorated in 1S79 with a paid-nj) capital of $125,000; J. R. Reed, president; Andrew Mercer, vice-president; P. C. Smith, treasurer. Moses 1'. lireckenridge (inventor of the automatic air valve that bears his name) is superintendent of the works. President Reed and Treasurer Smith reside in West- field, and Vice-president Mercer, living in Brooklyn, has ciiarge of the company's office and warerooms at No. 137 Center street. New ^'ork. We have not s])ace to fully describe the heating a]i])aratus made bv this company; suffice it to say that it is all constructed u]>on scientific princijiles and is pronounced bv competent experts incomparably the most ]ierfect on the market. The specialties include tlic Reed radiator. Union radiator, Whittier radiator. Cold boilers. Mills boilers, Mercer boilers, (llobe boilers, "() K" boilers Preckcnridge's automatic air valves, and Cold's pin indirect radia- tors in regular patterns for steam and water, the Utica pattern, and titted with K. iN: I,, nipple connections. Send for illustrated catalogue. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 109 WM. PROVIN, Whip Manufacturer — Dealer in Cigars, Furs, Skins, etc. — Elm St., adjoining Power Company's Building. This is one of the oldest whip manufacturing establishments in Westfieki, founded in 1S49 by William Provin, senior, upon whose decease in 1S84 the business reverted to his son, the present proprietor. The premises comjjrise Mr. Provin's own handsome four-story brick building, 44 x 70 feet, on Elm street, of which he occupies the first floor and basement only, renting the second, third, and fourth to others for manufacturing purposes. While an exten- sive producer of whips in all styles, he is enabled to give undivided attention to the commer- cial features of the trade and of those callings in which he is interested — the handling of cigars and the purchase of furs and skins for shipment to Boston and Xew York. Employ- ing six men, he keeps two fine teams on the road in New England and the Middle States, car- rying whips and cigars to all accessible points. Those who would infer that his trade is necessarily of a limited character would be mistaken, transactions averaging $40,000 per annum. Mr. Provin is a prominent citizen of more than local fame. His manhood's career began with his enlistment, early in the late civil war, as a private in the Sixty-second New York (Anderson's Zouaves), receiving an honorable discharge eighteen months later for disability. He is a member of the G. .\. R. He was also a member of the State Council of Administra- tion, is treasurer of the town Water Board, and served in the Legislature during the terms of 1SS6, 1SS7, and iSSS. HAMPDEN NATIONAL BANK OP WESTFIELD, MASS. L. R. Norton, President; James Noble, Jr., Vice-President ; Charles L. Weller, Cashier — Main St. The old Hampden Bank was the pioneer financial institution of vVestfield, organized under the State banking law Monday, .August 29, 1S25, when, the board of directors having met at the residence of David H. Merwin, James Fowler was chosen president. The board itself was composed of James Eowler, Simeon Collins, Thomas Sheldon, Ira Yeamans, Thomas Ashle)', Abner Post, and Augustus Collins, not one of whom survives. From the first the Hampden Bank was a useful and successful institution and conferred many substantial bene- fits upon the community. The capital stock was $100,000, and the management was such that in the various monetary crises that occurred during its history the Hampden always came forth unscathed and stronger than ever. In 1S65 the concern was reorganized and chartered as a National bank, with paid-up capital stock to the amount of $150,000, and its subsequent career has reflected honor alike upon its past record and the conservative yet enterprising spirit of its management. As reorganized K. B. Gillett w'as the first president and Royal Weller the first cashier. Reuben Noble succeeded to the presidency and filled the position ably and well until 1S82, when Mr. L. R. Norton was elected. The other officers are named in our caption. The board of directors is exceptionally strong, comprising such infiuentiar names as L. R. Norton, [ames P. Cooley, Owen Rockwell, James Noble, jr., R. Noble, D. L. (rillett, Samuel Fowler, E. B. Gillett, and E. L. Sanford. President Norton was postmaster of Westfield under the Cleveland administration, and Cashier Weller is treasurer of the Woronoco Savings Bank, occupying a ]iortion of the Hampden National Bank building — a substantial and handsome two-story brick structure on Main street, originally erected for the Hampden State Bank and remodeled for present purposes. The Hampden National does a strictly legitimate business in deposits, collections, loans, discounts, exchange, drafts, etc., and is in a sound and flourishing condition, as witness the subjoined ofificial report of date September 30, 18S9 : — RESOURCES. Loans and Discounts $313,644 87 Overdrafts 1,823 35 V. S. bonds to secure circulation 50,000 00 U. S. bonds on hand 25,000 00 Oilier stocks, bonds, and mortgages 36,000 00 Due from approved reserve agents 79,654 36 Due from other nation.nl banks '3.059 49 Real estate, furniture and fixtures 9,000 00 Kills of other banks 3,906 00 Fractional paper currency, nickels, and cents 131 47 Specie '. 17,505 60 Legal tender notes 2,000 00 Redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer 5 per cent, of circulation 2,250 00 Due from U. S. Treasurer other than 5 per cent, redemption fund 4,Soo 00 Total 5siq.'<7; 14 LLVr.ILITIES. Capital stock paid in $150,000 00 Surplus fluid 71 ,000 00 L'ndi vided profits 9.720 1 7 National l)ank notes outstanding 45.000 00 Dividends inipaid 975 00 Individual deposits subject to check 257.462 38 1,660 24 2.779 81 21,077 54 Demand certificates of deposit. Due to otlier national banks. . Due to state banks and bankers 559,675 14 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. PARK SQUARE HOTEL. Hagar & Squires, Proprietors — West Side of Park Square. The traveler on Inisincss ur pleasure who visits Westfickl will naturallv seek the shelter of a hotel to get rid of his accunudated dust and to refresh himself with a good meal or a night's rest before starting out to interview the manufacturers and merchants, or admire the beauties of the place. The Park Square Hotel, centrally situated and commanding a view of the green oasis from which its name is de- riveil, affords sujierior attractions and ac- commodations at reasonable rates, ami enjoys a large share of both transient and permanent patronage, many ladies and gentlemen boarders making it their home, while it is a favorite house with the mer- chant traveler fraternity, for whose espe- cial convenience handst)me sanqile rooms are i)rovided. The building, erected for hotel jjurjioses many years ago, is quite roomy, four stories, brick, fifty feet front, one hundred and .twenty-five feet deep, fitted uj) with tasty otiice, dining-room, parlors, and fifty sleeping apartments, comfortably and richly furnished through- out, warmed by steam, lighted by gas, iiiet and ])lcasant. The rooms are clean, he beds and bedding tidy and inviting, nd the table always loaded with the best iic market affords. A liverv staljle near _,_^ i'\and imder the same management af- lords all necessary facilities in the way of :' .; ill ilie adjacent country. and .Samuel Sijuires have conducted the Park Square for nearly two years, coming hither from Creenfield. Mr. Squires is an e.vperienced hotel man, wdiile Mr. Hagar is a famous horseman, training fine animals for the owners. 1^^' ■ ^-- horses and veiii Messrs. Freeman S. 11 agar J. P. FREEMAN. Boarding and Livery Stables — Arnold St. This is the old Tavlor & Tvler liverv and boarding stable, established many years ago, and to the management of which Mr. J. V. Freeman succeeded on removing here from Agawam in 1S75. The premises, which belong to him, comprise a substantial two-story brick barn, 40 .\ 60 feet, with commodious sheds attaciied, and can accommodate a large number of animals and vehicles. At jiresent Mr. Freeman has nine horses of his own, two hacks and one omni- bus, besides kee|)ing twelve boarders, among them the teams of the Adams E.\|)ress Company. Seven men are emploved; am]ile supplies of feed and bedding are provided; careful attention is given to all animals kept here, and merchant travelers and others in need of single or double turnouts for business or pleasure driving will find what they want at moderate charges by calling upon Mr. Freeman. V. W. CROWSON & CO., Manufacturers of White and Colored Cotton Waste in all Grades— Union Ave. Westfield boasts one of the ])rincipal cotton waste factories in this country — that of V. W. Crosvson c\: Co., established in 1.S65. The premises consist of a substantial two-story frame building fortv feet wide and one hundred and fifteen feet long, fitted up with improved machin- erv. The first floor is devoted e.vchisivelv to manufacturing, while on the iii)]Kr floor are the packing and baling dc])artment and storage warerooms. .Si.\ o])eratives are sufficient for all requirements, and five tons per day is the average output. A ioo-hor.se-i)ower boiler supplies steam for heating and for a fine sevcnty-fivc-horse-power engine that runs the machinery. The trade and consumers arc supplied in cpiantities to suit, from a single bale to a car-load, at lowest market jirices, and orders are jiromptlv and faithfully executed. The firm consists of Messrs. V. \V. Crowson and J. 1!. Hill, the latter a resident of Long Island. Mr. Crowson lives here and is a iirominent citizen, adding to his duties as manager of the waste factorv those of town auditor. He has also filled, at various times, the positions of town treasurer, collector, and clerk, and is now treasurer of the Westfield .Savings liank. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. SPRINGDALE PAPER CO. B. D. Rising, President; J. E. Taylor, Treasurer; James Wallace, Manager— Man- ufacturers of Fine Writing Papers— Union St., Westfield ; Post-office Address, Springfield. The Springdale Paper Company, capital $100,000, was organized January 13, 1S82; the architect's plans were prepared a month later, and on the 15th of the ensuing December the first finished paper was - "-.. tnrned out. The site is that of the old Jes- sup & Laflin " Woro- noco " ledger paper mill, one and a half miles east of Westfield. iiiSiiS P^ff A hundred-acre tract — -I- «isaa^irilS?P¥H\ of land, with tene- i •■ r.,i,i r s^HfflBS ffi f ffi ^r^ r ;^ ^ ^ t .^ ments, boardnig-house, t::^ifflJl!flfl,«iRJ ^ . .^I^^^f^^frf^PPp^pf^. j^doubk dwelling for superintendent and clerk,two stock-houses, etc., were connected with the original plant, and to this has been added another water privilege, which insures power from that source for three-quarters of the year. Our engraving gives a fair idea of the mill itself, the main building being 40 .x 205 feet, with L 40 x no feet, with basement under the latter, and the entire structure is three and a half stories in height, substantially built of brick, amply lighted and well ventilated, paper engine-room 96 feet long, finishing room 72 feet long, and bleaching room 32 feet long, each 40 feet wide. A fine fifteen-horse-power steam engine is provided for the 76-inch Fourdrinier machine. Two loo-horse-power boilers, two dusters and a rotary bleacher of 6,500 pounds capacit}', four beating engines and four sets of Harlow's self-feeding calenders form noticeable parts of the equip- luent. Automatic sprinklers are attached to the ceiling of every room in the building, and an abundance of pure water is obtained from two wells on the premises and from a spring through 400 feet of pipe. Two elevators furnish ready means of communication between the various floors. Eight drainers, S x 1 1| x 32 inches, of ten tons' capacity each, an immense stuff chest, size-room, etc., attract attention, as do a 4S-inch Cranston undercut, four 34-inch calenders, four 500-pound beaters, two 700-pound washers, and a powerful screw ]Tress. A "Victor" wheel with a 63-foot head of water supplies a portion of the motive power, which, however, is supiilemented by a splendid 200-horse-power steam engine running in connection with the wheel, which is rated at 90 horse-power, and is supplied with water brought two and a half miles from Hampden ponds. It is three-quarters of a mile and all up hill to the nearest point on the New Haven & Northampton railroad, where this company have a private switch, from which extends a wagon road to the top of a knoll of nearlv equal elevation with and 200 feet west of the mill, with which it is connected by two bridges, one above, the other below. Stock delivered by wagon and other needed materials are wheeled over the first, while the second furnishes ready means of egress for the employes, and in case of fire (which is hardly possible because of the complete svstem of automatic sprinklers already referred to) would serve the ]iurpose of an effectual fire escape. Finished product is hauled direct from the ground floor over a level road to the cars at Westfield, one and a half miles, at a very low cost for cartage. A curious feature, and one which excites admiration for its ingenuity, is the arrangement l)y which the boiler furnace, in the basement, is connected with the chimney, the latter 90 feet in heigiit and built upon rising ground at some distance from the mill itself, to avoid danger from ]50ssible quicksands. An immense iron pipe laid at an elevation of 45 degrees forms the communication and is forty feet in length, making a ]iowerful draft and giving better satis- faction than the ordinary plan of placing boiler and chimney foundation u])on the same level. The Springdale Paper Com]5any makes only the higher grades of fine writing jiapers, in considerable variety, and has ready and remunerative sale for all it can produce. C. N. STIMPSON & CO., Manufacturers of Carved Piano Legs and Lyres — No. 24 Canal St. The piano trade in this country has long been engaged in a strong rivalry as to who shall excel, not only in the tone and quality of the instruments made, but in the richness and beauty of finish, and the carver has found therein a profitable field for the exercise of his taste and dexterity. In a word, the designing and making of carved piano legs and lyres has grown to the dignity of a distinct and important calling, and several extensive factories are located in various parts of the country. One of the largest and most successful of these is the establishment of 112 INLAND .MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. C. N. Stimpson & Co., of Westfielcl, started in 1S5.S on Clinton avenue. The old factory was destroyed by lire some years ago, whereupon the present e.xtensive concern was erected, with entrance at No. 24 Canal street. The main building is a two-and-a-half-slorv frame, 30 x 50 feet, with block sho]) and turning shop at the rear, both of one story, the former 30 x 50 feet, the latter 15 .\ 20 feet, and each equipped with ai)propriate machinery for cutting and shaping. The designing and carving departments are housed in the front liuilding, and several drv- houses occujn- the quarter-acre lot adjoining. Forty skilled workmen are constantlv eniplovcd ; the weekly wages average 5250, and $40,000 worth of artistic legs and Ivrcs are produced annually for the use of American and Canadian piano makers. .Messrs. C. X. and H. C. Stimpson came to Westfield from North Dana manv vears ago. They conduct a wholesale piano and organ house at No. 402 Main street, .Springfield, and retail branches at Northampton Holyoke, and Westfield. C. K. LAMBSON, Furniture Dealer and Undertaker — Cor. Elm and Thomas Sts. On entering the warerooms of Mr. Lambson we were surprised at the extent and variety of his slock, in surveying which one could easily imagine himself in a great citv warehouse rather than in the store of an interior town, the eve resting upon furniture of everv description. Here the more poor in jnusc inav find suitable furnishings for his humble home, or the house- holder with larger means mav find furniture ^Sig^^^g^ combining artistic elegance with usefulness, to equiji his more pretentious mansion. Mr. Lambson has often said : "I would rather sell a large amount of goods at a small ])rofit than a small amount with a huge iirofit."' He buvs for cash and gives his patrt)ns the benefit of the discount which he thereby receives. His busi- ness occu])ies the three-story brick building corner of VAm and Thomas streets. Two years ago Mr. Lambson lighted and cemented his )asemcnt, so that now he has four floors, 35 x 120 feet. These figures make it easy for one to comprehend the fact that he carries one of the largest stocks in the western part of the State. Mr. Lambson, with his furniture business, also does undertaking. He has had a long and large ex]ierience. His stock of undertakers' supi)lics is unsurjiassed. ir^ageil in tlu- furniture and undertaking business for nearly thirty In spite of the many cares of a large business he has found time for interests outside, ' ' -I "■ P having been for years a prominent politician and serving for a long period on the Republican State central committee. He is also a trustee of the Westfield Savings IJank and president of the Pine Hill Cemetery Association. AMERICAN CIGAR COMPANY. W. H. Winchester. President ; James Noble, Jr., Treasurer— Manufacturers of Fine Cigars and Dealers in Imported and Domestic Cigars— Cor. Thomas and Free Streets. Among the largest and most prosi)erous cigar factories in New l-jigland is that of the .\nierican"Cigar Company of Westfield, incorporated in 1873 with a paid-up capital of $75,000. The officers .ire named above, and. with Messrs. Reuben Noble, D. C. Hull, and T. J- Wing, compose the board of directors — as capable and enterprising a body of business men as one could wish to find. The jilant comjjrises their own three-story frame building, Sox 150 feet, with two ca])acious cellars, at Thomas and Free streets, with which is connected by a bridge an adjoining two-storv structure, 22 x 50 feet— the l.itter leased. There are fifteen dep.-»rt- ments in all, employing from 120 to 160 hands, and a ten-hor.se-power engine for operating the elevators, presses, etc., and the product, exclusively fine goods, is handled by jobbers generally in New England and the Middle States ]irincii->ally. The ' company arc also extensive dealers in imjiortcd and domestic tobacco, in which branch of business they control superior facilities, and are prepared to fill orders from the trade at short notice with choice leaf at lowest quotations. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. J. A. LAKIN & CO., Importers and Dealers in Watches, Diamonds and Optical Goods, Jewelry and Sil- verware — Manufacturers of Lakin's Automatic Time Damper Regulator and Lakin's Patent Standard Cyclometer — No. 35 Elm St. "One step leads to another." The perfection of one idea or invention leads to others inevitably. The velocipede was the forerunner of the bicycle, and the bicycle, developed from an interesting toy into a usefiU means of every-day locomotion, has brought with it a whole train of needed accessories, not the least valuable and important of which is the Lakin ])atent cyclometer, capable of registering 2,500 miles, by means of which the rider may ascer- tain at a glance the exact distance he has traveled to the twentieth of a mile. This ingenious appliance is familiar to most cyclists, and requires no descri])tion. We need onlv sav that as recently improved it includes a new anti-rattle bearing, and is beyond comparison the most ])erfect instrument of the kind ever made. The price is only $10, and no cvcler can afford to dispense with it. Another of Mr. J. A. Lakin's valuable devices is the patent automatic time damper regulator, which saves all trouble and annoyance of attending the furnace dampers no small consideration in cold weather, when it has hitherto been customary to hop out of a warm bed, hurry to the basement, open the draft, and creep back under the blankets half frozen. It saves fuel, time, labor, money, discomfort, and temper, and is an indispensable adjunct to any well-regulated home. » Messrs. J. A. Lakin & Co. are Westfield's leading jewelers, occupying the elegant store No. 35 Elm street, twenty-five feet front by one hundred feet dee]), with workshop at the rear, where they manufacture the devices referred to above. They offer a superb line of watches and diamonds, solid gold jewelry, etc., of their own importation, and give prompt and skillful attention to repairs of all kinds. A visit to the establishment cannot but gratify the appre- ciative mind. G. T. MOORE, Manufacturer of Whips, Lashes, Steel and Manila Canes and Specialties— Power Company's Building. Notable among those identified with Westfield's great industry is Mr. G. T. Moore, who estalDJished himself here in 1S73 and has built up a fine business. Mr. Moore's factory and stock wareroom are located in the Power Company's building on Elm street, the former occu- pying three floors, 35 x 40 feet, and the latter one floor, 20 x 60 feet. His equipment of machin- ery is quite comprehensive and includes everything appropriate to the work to be performed in the manufacture of whips of all kinds, lashes, steel and manila canes, snaps and special- ties pertaining to the trade, his facilities for covering, rolling, and finishing being of the best. Seventeen skilled operatives are employed, and the output is very large, going to jobbers and dealers all over the country. Mr. Moore was born at Burlington, Vt., and is a practical whip-maker of many years' expe- rience, giving personal attention to the management of his factory in all departments. This is a model plant, and everything made on the premises is first-class in materials, workman- ship, and style. AUSTIN" BROS. & CO., Successors to O. Bruce — Dealers in Dry Goods and Notions, and Agents for But- terick's Patterns— Gowdy's Block, No. 68 Elm St. The dry goods trade is well represented in Westfield, among others by Austin Bros. & Co., successors to O. Bruce, the latter having died in November, 18SS. The present firm is composed of Messrs. C. F. and C. K. Austin and W. II. Russell, all born and reared here. Mr. .\ustin was for eight years connected with a leading Minneapolis drv goods house, but returned East to form this firm. The store is a commodious and extremely haiuisome one, 25 X 150 feet, and occupies the ground floor at No. 68 Elm street, Gowdv's block, one of the finest buildings in the city, three stories, constructed with an ornamental front of Philadel- phia |)ressed brick, the store being provided with immense ]-)late glass front show windows, massive counters and shelves and hard wood fittings throughout, and illuminated within bv incandescent electric lights. Ten polite and obliging salespeople wait upon the public, and sales are very large, buyers flocking to this jiopular store from citv and country. We shall not attempt a description of the stock, which embraces every conceivable article pertaining to the dry and fancy goods trade suited to this market. Thcv are also sole agents for Butterick's patterns at this point, and will supply them to their customers in any desired quantity. FAIRFIELD. FAIRFIELD village, a station on the Boston & Albany railroad thirteen miles west of Springfield, in the town of Russell, is a pleasant, quiet place, chiefly remarkable for the surrounding mountain scenery, the fine power afforded Ijy the Westfield river, and the manufacture of paper. The population is small and little other business is done here, Init it is the center of an attractive region, the summer resort of many city people, handsomely laid out and well built with cozy homes. FAIRFIELD PAPER COMPANY. Roswell M. Fairfield, President and Treasurer — Manufacturers of Linen Writing, Ledger, Envelope, and Wedding Papers and Bristol Boards — Fairfield Station. Une of the finest pa])er mills m the country is that of the Fairfield Paper Company at Fairfield Station (formerly known as Salmon Falls), on the Boston lV Albany railroad and Westfield river, be- tween Westfield and Russell. The original mill was erected in iS74l)y Jessup ^: I.aflin and was of limited ca- ])acity, producing ledg- er paper only. Vernon Bros. iS: Co. purchased and enlarged the plant in iS8o, and December I, 1SS7, the Fairfield Paper Company be- came the owners, pro- ceeding at once to re- model, amplify, and repair to an extent that made the establish- ment ]iractically new throughout. 'I"he /'(/- per iVorlil of March, 1S8S, contained a de- tailed description of the rehabilitated mill from which we cpiote : "The i)ropcrty of the Fairfield Taper Com- ]5any includes one thousand acres of land, the water ])ower and well-built stone dam, the mill, nineteen tene- ments, and a boarding- house. Tiie rugged features of the valley at this point are well shown in the illustra- tion. The course of the river is from west to east. The Boston and Albany Railroad tracks are on the north side, and the highway from Westfield to Rus- sell on the south. The mill is on the i^outh side, between the high- way and the river. It is of brick, 366 feet long from west to east, and one to three stories high. .\> now comi)lcted and equipped it is INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. "5 a model of convenient and economical arrangement. Stock goes in at one end and comes out paper ready for shipping at the other; yet the mill is divided bv wings in such a way that a hre originating in any department ought not to e.xtend to any other. The machine room and east wing were the original mill of Jessup & Laflin. The machine room, 96 x 46 feet, is one story high, and the basement underneath is the size room. The east wing now contains the engine room and rag room. The former occu])ies the entire first floor, 137 x 50 feet. The drainers below occupy the same space in the basement. The entire second floor is devoted to the operations of the rag room, and an attic above to storage and opening. An extension to the east contains the rotary bleach room, 39 x 36 feet, below which is the lime bleach. Still further east is the boiler house, 55 x 36 teet. The west wing at the west end of the machine room, 130 x 46 feet and three stories high, has hitherto accommodated all the finish- ing operations. On the first floor were the calenders, on the second and third the drying lofts, and in the basement the carpenter and machine shop. But the new addition, 80 x 46 feet and three stories high, now contains the calenders and additional lofts, and the old calender room has become a storage room for paper readv for market." Choice grades of writing ]xa]3ers and pasted liristol boards only are made here, and to that end the appliances are of the best and conveniently arranged for economizing space, time, and labor. Pure filtered mountain spring water is used for manufacturing purposes. The equip- ment includes fourteen 600-pound rag engines, twenty-one drainers, two Fourdrinier paper machines of 66 and 77 inches in width respectively, fitted with 40-foot wires and all improve- ments; ten calenders, a breaker and a plater, all of improved style; automatic sprinkleis, fire walls and other precautions against fire; steam heat and electric light throughout; a Corliss compound engine of 300 horse-power to take the j^lace of water-power when necessary, etc. The working force, which numbers 300, is sheltered in the company's tenements and well- appointed boarding houses that will comfortably accommodate all. From seven to eight tons of ]5a]5er and cardl)oard of the best and finest quality are produced daily, and a well-kept road and private bridge furnish easv communication w-ith the station, whence the goods are shipped to tiie trade all over the Union. President Fairfield is an old and famous pa]ier maker, and, being the principal stockholder, spares no effort to make his mill and its out])ut first-class. lie is strongly supported by the board of directors, Messrs. Thomas A. Mole and O. S. Greenleaf. CITY OF HOLYOKE. ORIGIN AND WONDERFUL GROWTH OF THE PAPER CITY RAILROAD COM- MUNICATIONS, MANUFACTURES, AND GOVERNMENT. nPHE real career of Holyoke began when, in 1847, the Hadley Falls ^ Company was incorporated with a capital of $400,000, and pur- chased 1,100 acres of land adjacent to the falls, with the purpose of constructing a dam, canals, etc., for the control and utilization of the vast water power that during untold ages had gone to waste. A few mills were erected, the village platted, many houses built, and the pros- pect seemed exceedingly bright, but the dam, faulty in principle and construction, gave way, and the company was reduced to the alternative of replacing it or abandoning the project entirely. The former was decided upon ; the best engineering and mechanical skill was employed, and orders were issued for the building of a dam that should be practi- cally indestructible. The work was finished in October, 1849, ^^'^ is a wonder in its way, 1,016 feet in length, 60 feet fall, base 90 feet in width, crest of work 30 feet above the river's natural level, and contains, besides loose earth and rock, 30,000 perches of masonry and 4.000,000 feet of lumber. In 1868, with a view to still further strengthening and per- manently securing the dam, the work of building an apron 50 feet in width on the base below and forming a part of that structure was begun, and completed by the Holyoke Water Power Company in 1870, the outlay for the improvement aggregating $400,000. The system of canals is laid out on a grand scale, commensurate with the volume of water to l)e distributed. Twelve huge gates, each 15 feet long by 9 feet wide and weighing more than four tons, and two others of half that width and 11 feet in length, all operated by a water-wheel in the abutment which actuates the powerful gate machinery, admit the water to the upper level canal. This main artery of the system, starting with a width of 140 feet, and a water depth of 22 feet, extends eastward past the great waste-weir about a thousand feet and then sweeps southward in a right line for a distance of more than one mile, to supply the upper tier of mills, the width graduallv lessening at the rate of one foot in every hundred. To trace the still longer course of the second level canal, we' begin at its southerlvend and follow it northerly for a mile and more, parallel with the first described canal, and 400 feet easterly from it, this portion serving as a raceway for the upper level, and also as a canal for the supplv of' mills below ;' and thence we follow it easterly and southerly for half a mile more, at a distance of about 400 feet from the river, this marginal portion of the second level affording mill-sites along its whole length, from which the water used passes directly into the river. For 2,000 feet this canal has a ii8 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. width of 140 feet, and tlicnce the sides gradually converge to a widtli of 100 feet, which is continued to either end, the average depth of water being 10 feet. These two canals, e.xtending in broad, parallel water- courses through the central portion of the city, and spanned by iron bridges from any one of whicli the eye takes in the whole long stretch uf water, make a unique and pleasant feature of the place. The third level canal, 100 feet wide and 10 feet deep, is also a marginal canal, with mill sites along its entire length, and, beginning at the southerly end of the second level, extends easterly and northerly three- iMOUNT TOM— (^^ p. Wnrncr, I'lioto.) quarters of a mile. The mills on the upper level have a head and fall of 20 feet, and the difference between the second and third levels is 12 feet, while that between the marginal canals and the river varies from 23 to 2.S feet. The upper level canal throughout its entire length and large portions of the others are walled with substantial stone work to the height of three feet above water level. Each furnishes an ample head of water for all practical purposes, and provision is made for supplying the lower levels from the upper as required. Carefully trained and vigilant men have charge of the gates at all hours, and the water level is not per- mitted to vary— a consideration of vast importance to mill-owners and upon which it may be said the continued prosperity of the city depends. The water distributed through these arteries is equal to 450 mill powers or 30,000 horse power, and is quite sufficient, probably, for many years to come, though it may be indefinitely increased in the future should the demand justify tiic outlay necessary. At present there is plenty of room and water-power for all comers, and the wise will avail themselves of the opportunities afforded while desirable sites may be secured upon advan- INLAND .MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 119 tageous terms. Mr. Edward S. Waters is treasurer of the company, with office at No. i Canal street. Abundant transportation facilities are furnished by the Connecticut River railroad, running north and south with connections at Springfield east, west, and south, at Northampton with east and west lines, at Greenfield with the Troy & Boston, Vermont Central, Fitchburg, and other roads ; at Vernon with lines radiating to all points in Northern New England and Canada ; and by the Holyoke & Westfield railroad, twelve miles in length, connecting at Westfield with the Boston & Albany and New Haven & Northampton i-ailroads. Recent investigations show MOUNT NONOTUCK— (AL P. Wniner, Photo.) that 150 car-loads of manufactured goods are shipped daily, including pai>er, silk and woolen textiles, thread, machinery, tools, etc. Capital invested in industries, $10,000,000. Of paper alone Holyoke and South Hadley Falls (on the opposite bank of the Connecticut) produce about 190 tons each working day. The output for the entire country averages 4,000 tons per diem. The public buildings, mercantile structures, factories and hotels, churches and school-houses of Holyoke are in keeping with the importance of the city as an industrial and commercial center. A superb city hall and a coz)' and elegantly appointed opera-house are among the principal attractions. The surrounding scenery is beau:iful in the extreme, and embraces such notable attractions as the winding Connecticut, Mount I20 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. Holyoke, Mount Tom, Mount Nonotuck, and numerous other features for which the rei^ion is famous. The population of Holyoke, according to the State census of 1885, was 27,895, but there has been considerable growth since then, and it may now be safely placed at 33,000 or more. The government is vested in a mayor, board of aldermen composed of one member from each ward, and common council of three members from each ward, city clerk, city treasurer, auditor, engineer, street superintendent, solicitor, physician, three assessors, tax collector, poor board, board of health, park board, board of registrars, water commissioners, water registrar, superintentlent of water works, sinking fund commissioners, chief of police, captain of watch, about tiiirty patrolmen and (jver si.xty specials, the usual inspectors, weighers, etc. The tire department consists of a chief and live assistant engineers, secretary, four steamers, two hook and ladder companies, and a full complement of officers, men, and horses. The school committee is composed of the mayor as chairman, a secretary and superintendent and one representative from each ward. The city is a wonder to those who have watched itsgrowtii. Sut)ii)ined is the city auditor's statement for the ten months and si.x days from December 1, 1888, to October 7, 1889: — 1)EI'.\KT.MENT.S. Board of health City property Contingent Fire department : meml)ers repairs and contingent salaries water hose. Public library Fuel and street lights 1 1 igiiways and bridges Interest Parks Pauper department Paving Police Salaries Schools Sewers and drains Siilc walks Sinking fund, municipal bonds. . Fire department su])ply wagons Hamilton-street school heating.. Railings, etc., at jioUing places.. Hills payable Almshouse Appropriations, balances, Receipts and Transfers. $5,102 7.045 S,5oo 10,000 7,000 I coco 1,500 100 2,500 2 1 , 500 iS,ooo 61,725 2,164 22,000 16,316 23,000 14,300 60,000 1 2,000 8,400 6,000 900 2,500 500 28,000 25,000 Expenditures and Transfers. $5,471 6,588 8,811 10,695 7.523 9.3S5 1,500 2,500 18,819 1 6,92 I 56.914 1.47' 18,002 14,711 23.420 13.442 53.416 10,175 10,175 725 10.000 400 $374.053 I $30 '.052 Balances Unexpended. $476 614 2,680 1,078 4,8 10 693 3.997 1,604 857 6,5«3 1.824 6,000 900 1.775 500 iS.ooo 24,600 $77.095 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. SOLDIERS' MONUMENT— (M. P. Warner, Photo.) INLAND .\IA>S.\( lUSK I 1 S 1 1. ir> r R A IK I ). THE SYMS & DUDLEY PAPER COMPANY. William Whiting, President; Geo. E. Dudley, Treasurer; Wm. E. Syms, Manager- Manufacturers of Flat and Ruled Writing Papers— Second Level of Canal, below County Bridge. No account of the industries of Ilolyoke could pretend to completeness that should fail to descriljc and give a nsi/mc oi the History of the Syms iv Dudley Taper Comixinv. It was organized and incorporated in iSSo, with 5150,000 capi- tal. A view of the buildings is printed herewith. Thev are all of brick and substan- tially constructed, 'i'hc mill proper is of three-and-a-half >tories with neat towers; ai tlie rear is the bleaching (k-])artment, one story, 3S .\ ()6 feet ; the finishing-room, two stories and basement, 44 X 122 feet; the store-house \nd rag-room, three stories ind Ixisement, 38 .\ 140 feet ; 1 he machine-room, one storv, ;4 X 124 feet, engine-room, one story and basement, h2 x 166 feet ; the boiler- house, one storv, 39 x 42 icet, containing six Sohorse- ]iower and one 175-horse- jiower boilers; the stock- house, three stories and basement, 60 x 302 feet ; tiie filter-room, 28 x 32 feet ; the size-room, 20 x So feet, and the drainer-room, 23 x 74 feet. Six mill powers are drawn from the canal and are sup|)lemented by four steam engines — one of 150, two of 40, and one of 20 horse-jjower. The complement of machinerv is of the first order and includes twelve i200-pound ordinary rag engines, three Jordan engines, and three pajier machines of 80. 73, and 40 inches capacity resj^ectively. One hundred and eighty men, women, l^oys, and girls earn an aggregate of 35,600 in wages per month. The specialties of the .Svms & Dudlcv rai)cr Com]iany embrace superior lines of engine-sized book, flat and ruled writing and glazed jiapcrs, and about tiiirtcen tons per day are shipjied to all parts of this countrv, switches from tlie New York, New I laveutV Hartford and Connecticut River railroails affording ample facilities. The pajier ujion which this book is printed was manufactured by the .Syms & Dudley Paper Company. J. & W. JOLLY, Iron and Steel Workers, Model and Pattern Makers, Builders of Paper Machin- ery and Appliances — First Level of Canal, bet. Appleton and Cabot Sts. Messrs. Charles Kobv and Henry .Sanders established these works, and, after conducting them for about five years, in 1881 sold out to James and William Jolly and retired. The ])rcsent jiroprietors are competent jiractical mechanics and experienced business men, and have so managed the concern as to attract the attention and liberal i^atronage of ]irominent paper manufacturers and others all over New Kngland. The shops occupy two floors, each 55 X 210 feet, of the Water Power Company's builcling on the first level between Appleton and Cabot streets, where, with machine shop on the first floor and wood working department up stairs, both fitted up with improved machinery, run bv a sixtv-horse-power engine, and em- ])loving fortv skilled workmen, thev are prejiared to execute ail orders in a su]ierior manner. 'Ihev make Jeailing specialties of J. J. Manning's i>atent combination winder and Finlay's jiat- ent continuous paper cutter, Kerry's i)atent "Star" duster, and .screens and vats for paper machines. Thev also manufacture Jordan engines, power boiler pumps, stuff pimips. pulleys, shafting, hangers, gearing, and elevators ; make ancl rejiair calender rolls, and refill Jordan engine rolls to order, besides doing every descrii)tion of iron and steel forging and making machine models and patterns. Their work in all departments is of the highest grade, and transactions average S 100,000 a year. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSIR ATKl). 123 B. F. NICHOLS BELTING COMPANY. B. F. Nichols, Treasurer; W. J. Crozier, Secretary — Manufacturers of Oak Belting, Roll Stocks, etc. — Water Power Company's Building, Cabot St. The multiplication of machinery icqiiiring the employment of beltmg lias gi\ en .1 wondeitul impetus to the manufacture of that indispenbable adjunct for the tian>niis>iuii ui i)i]\\ei of late years, and in view of the fact that oak leather grows rather than declines in favor as a belting material in the face of all that is claimed for rubber, cotton web, wire rope and other competitors, the wonder is, where does all of it come from ? since only the choicest parts of the steer's hide are available. Comparativelvfew of the hides used are of domestic production, though nearly all of them are tanned in this country. From Mexico, Central America, the Argentine Republic, Spain, and the East Coast of Africa millions upon millions of hides are imported annually, and from these the best are selected for the purpose, the remainder and the rejected portions of the " belt skins " being made into shoe soles. The manufacture of belting has been reduced to a science, and is in the hands of a comparatively few firms, who produce all of the larger and more jiowerful belts used in this country. A prominent representative of this most useful industry is the B. F. Nichols Belting Company of Holyoke, established in 1SS7 with Mr. B. F. Nichols as treasurer and Mr. W.J. Crozier secretary. The factory occupies one floor of the Power Company's building on Cabot street, 60 x 100 feet, with a currying shop, 20 x 30 feet, attached. Twelve skilled workmen are employed, and the establishment is fitted up with a fine equipment of new ma- chinery, special tools, and other requisite appliances that enable them to turn out expeditiously a vast amount of superior work, sales for the first vear amounting to nearly $50,000, the goods being sent to all parts of the Union, though the heaviest demand is from the far West, New Mexico, California, Oregon, etc., with some sales to Canada. A specialty is made of roll stocks, in which the company excels — as it does, in fact, in the matter of belting. HOLYOKE SAVINGS BANK. Geo. W. Prentiss, President ; William Grover, C. H. Heywood, J. F. Allyn, Vice- Presidents ; R. B. Johnson, Treasurer ; C. W. Johnson, Secretary — Banking Room, Johnson's Block, No. 201 High St. This is the pioneer savings institution of Holyoke, incorporated in March, 1S55, when Cyrus Frink was chosen president, J. K. Mills secretary, and, a month later, Custavus Snow treasurer. March 25, 1S59, President Frink was succeeded by D. D. Crombie ; he by loel Russell, October 13, 1S60, and he, January 19, 1S84, by Geo. W. Prentiss, the present incumbent. Mr. R. B. Johnson became treasurer January 8, 1S66. The bank now occupies quarters on the ground floor of Johnson's newly remodeled building. No. 201 High street — a well- appointed room, 24 X 90 feet, finished in cherry and ceiled with iron, provided witli all necessary conveniences and appliances for security against fire and thieves as well as for the transaction of business. The steady and substantial progress of this bank is best shown by comparing the first dividend, in 1856 — $27.04 — with the last for July, 18S9, which aggregated §40,169.68. Up to July I, 1889, depositors had been i)aid in interest a grand total of $1,108,389.43. Subjoined is the annual statement of that date : — LIABILITIES. Deposits Interest Guarantee fund ASSETS. Loans on real estate Loans on personal Loans on public funds Loans on bank stock U. S. bonds .State bonds City and county bonds.. Railroad bonds Bank stock Furniture and fixtures Cash on hand Cash in banks on interest Publie Kunds 280,326 78 Total The l)oard of trustees is composed of E.x-Congressman William Whiting, Lev ex-.'^tate Senator; ex-Mayor James K. Delaney, A. L. .Shumway, W. .S. Loomis, L. A. Higginbottom. I,. A.Tabcr, F. F. Nourse, W. .\. Prentiss, C. H. Prentiss, C. M. H. Whilcomb, Robert Russell, and Thomas Dillon. >r, 200,341 00 396,135 00 600 00 5,Soo 00 11,900 00 13,000 00 52,500 00 178,000 00 235,300 00 3.305 97 48,112 45 '35.332 36 $2,280,326 78 i Perkins, M. Tuttle, H. Smith, 124 iM.AM) MAs> Aimsi. r r> iiiisik \i in. PLYMOUTH PAPER COMPANY, Wholesale Dealers in Paper of All As tlie great cciilcr of the pa possible point for the piircliase of per iiuiu tliis iiuii Kinds— Whiting Street Building, Main St. siry. it must be evident that llolyoke is the best pensablc coiiunodity in every grade and variety. 'Ihere aie several cxlensivi- houses here that make a spe- cialty of supphing (he tradi elsewhere with choice j)roduct^ of the llolyoke mills, and ])roniinent among these is the I'lyniouth Paper Companv established in January, 1^87, bv Messrs. F. O. Hanson and \V. A. Hall. Three floors, each 22 x 90 feet, of the Whitini'. Street building on Main street, serve the company for the stor- age of stock, of which they carrv vast (juantities, buying direct from the mills for tlair own trade. The Connecticut River railroad tracks are immediately in rear of the warehouse, thus affording perfect shipping facil- ities and enabling them to till orders without delay. Six men are employed on the premises and four wide-awake, experi- enced salesmen represent the house in various sections of the Union. Leading sjiccialties are made of high-grade flat and folded book papers in everv conceivable si/e, tint, and weight, and, having immediate access to the mills besides car- rying a vast assortment, the company invite correspond- ence and the jiatronnge of those, more jiarticidarl)-, who discriminate in the c|ualitv and finish of the ]iapers they use. The best goods ar.d jirompt attention to orders are guaran- teed patrons of this house. C. CHAPIN & CO., Dealers in Manila, Straw, and Case-lining Paper, Wrapping Paper, Paper Bags. Pails, Dishes, Twines. Clothes-lines, etc.. Plain or Printed — Manufacturers of Blank Books, Letter, Note, and Bill Heads — No. 149 Main St. This is a new house, established in October of iSSS, but already gives evidence of capable and successful management, Mr. Chalmers Chajjin having sole direction of its affairs, his for- mer associate, Mr. John V. Conklin, having retired. The concern occu]iies the first floor and basement, each 22 x 90 feet, at No. 149 Main street, conveniently arranged and neatly fitted up, and carries a large and varied stock of gooils, comprising manila, straw, and case-lining ])apers in all grades, |iaper bags for grocers', bakers', confectioners', nn'llincrs', and fruit-deal- ers' use, oyster and ice cream pails, butter dishes, cordage, etc. The facilities are such that merchants and others mav have their wrapping papers, pails, bags, etc., cut to any recpiired si/e and printed in black or colors if desired. Orders are also filled for blank-books, letter- heads, note-heads, liill-heads, and commercial jirinting generally, ])rom]itly, in large or small f|uantities, and at the lowest prices consistent with good material and workmanship. Mr. Chapin, an enterjirising citizen, was born here, and has served the public as a member of council and of the school board. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILl.USTR A ri'.I). THE HOLYOKE NATIONAL BANK. 125 Geo. W. Prentiss, President ; R. B. Johnson, Vice-President ; Wm. G. Twing, Cashier— High St. The Holyoke National has cnjtn'ccl a singula) ly successful antl profitable career from the moment of its incorporation, February, 187:!. (-)tticial rejiorts to the Comptroller of the Currency show that for several years clown to and including 1S79, ■' ]^z'k\ dividends of 6 per cent., or $12,000 j^er annum. On October ist, 1879, its surplus was $22,500, and it has grown steadily since until on April ist, 1888, it amounted to 58o,ooo. At the same time it has charged off on account of premiums on United States bonds since 1879 over ;?i 5,000, while its dividends have been increased. Beginning in October, 18S0, it paid 7 i)er cent., or $14,000 per annum ; in October, 1882, 8 per cent., or $16,000 per annum ; and in October, 1885, and ever since, it has paid from net earnings dividends of 4 percent, in the spring and 5 i)er cent, in the fall, a total of 9 pev cent., or Si8,ooo per annum. Hon. William Whiting was the first president, and was succeeded in Januarv, 1S87, by Mr. tieo. W. Prentiss. Mv. R. B. Johnson has been vice-president from the first. Of cashiers there have been three — Charles B. Fisk (at present cashier of the Palmer National Bank), Wm. C. Simons of Springfield, and finally Wm. G. Twing, chosen in 1879. The directors are Messrs. Geo. W. Prentiss, John L. Burlingame, James F. Allyn, R. B.Johnson, C. H. Hevwood, Levi Perkins, and William Nash. Up to 1SS8 tliis bank occupied the same offices with the Holyoke Savings Bank, but then com]3leted ar.d removed to its own building, a handsome three-storv structure of brick at No. 197 High street, where the facilities are first-class and incUule commodious banking, president's, and directors' rooms, elegantly finished in cherrv. The present condition of the Holyoke National will be seen by the last official statement, of date September 30, 1SS9, hereto appended : — LIABILITIES. Capital stock paid in $200,000 00 Surplus fund 85,000 00 Undivided profits 25,803 54 National bank notes outstanding 45,ooo 00 Individual deposits subject to check 485,944 46 Demand certificates of deposit 74.277 88 76 00 4,262 23 10,000 00 RESOURCES. Loans and discounts $711 ,3oS 62 Overdrafts. 430 49 U. .S. bonds to secure circulation 50,000 00 Other stocks, bonds, and mortgages 1,270 00 Due from approved reserve agents 62,067 00 Due from other national banks. Real estate, furniture, and fixtures Current expenses and taxes paid Premiums paid Checks and other cash items Bills of other banks Fractional paper currency, nickels, and cents Specie 18,870 50 Legal tender notes 27,259 00 Redemption fund with U. .S. Treasurer 5 per cent, of circulation 2,250 00 4,042 43 0,727 40 5,912 so I,-? .437.50 1,217 22 1,000 00 7' 45 Total. Cashiers' checks Due to other national banks. Notes and bills rediscounted 5930,364 1 1 I $930,364 II WORTHINGTON PAPER COMPANY, Dealers in All Kinds of Book, News, Writing, and Wrapping Papers, Stationers' and Paper Mill Supplies— Agents for Boston Belting Company's Rubber Goods, Alexander's Oak-Tanned Leather Belting and Lawrence Drier Felts Nos. I to 4 Dwight St. This house, established in 1S73 by Solomon Worthington, of Springfield, has made for itself not only a flourishing and steadily increasing trade but a reputationfor square dealinij that extends to every State in the Union, more esjieciallv in theWest and South, in which section's it is represented by four entcr|)rising and ])o]nilar salesmen. Possessing the best jiossible facilities for obtaining all grades and kinds of ])apers and su]-)plying thcm'to buvers at a dis- tance without delay and on manufactiners' terms, it must be conceded that thev enjoy e.xtraor- dinary advantages, and when to this it is added that thev control two great storage and sales- rooms each 40 X 90 feet at Nos. i to 4 Dwight street, and three large warehouse.s adjacent to the Connecticut River railroad tracks, enabling them to carrv heavv stocks in all dejiartments, it wotdd seem that they have little to wish for as regards abilitv to store goods and fill orders. 'l"he trade is invited to call and inspect or send for samples and jirice lists of linen writing, book, news, envelope, and wrapping papers, and may rest assured of prompt shipment, lowest ruling cpiotations, and liberal terms. The Worthington Paper Company is also general agent for the Boston Belting Companv's rulibcr goods of every descrijnion, for Alexander's oak-tanned leather belting, and for the cel- ebrated I-awrence drier felts, all of which are supplied in cpiantities to suit at factorv jirices. Paper makers, stationers, bookbinders and others will find here a great varietv of supplies in superior grades, including calender webbing, acids, blue vitriol, co])])cras, starch, ruling )iens, sealing wax, rosin, belt hooks, laces, hose, packing, cordage, burlajjs, ducks, and specialties for paper manufacturers. 126 IM.AM) .M.\S>AC HUSK ITS ILLUSTRATED. WINDSOR HOTEL. H. C. Ferguson, Proprietor— Cor. Dwight and Front Sts. The Windsor, llolyukc's princiiKil liuttl and :in estaljlislimcnt tliat wcnild reflect credit upon a city of ten limes the population, was erected, in connection with the Holyoke Opera __ liuuse, in 1S7S, by Hon. Will- iam Whiting, and is the prop- erty of the Whiting I'aper Com- pany. It was opened tlic same year under the management of (ieorge 11. l>owker,who retired Noveniljer i, 188S. The pres- ent host, Mr. II. C. Ferguson, took charge on that date and under his capable supervision the house is fast becoming one of the most popular, as it has always been one of the finest and most eligibly situated in New luigland. The building, fronting 100 feet on Dwight and 90 feet on Front streets, is of four-and-a- half stories and basement, con- structed of brick with stone trimmings, ornate in design and effect, with corner tower and slate roofs. In the base- ment is the barber shoj) and on the second floor are the bar and billiard room with three billiard and one pool table, with kitchen, pantries, and store-rooms at the rear. The ground floor on each side of the grand entiance fronting Dwight street is occui^ied by several fine retail stores. Under the main stairway and fronting the hall that serves for a lobbv is the opera house ticket office, whence amusement seekers pass on to the body of that structure in rear of the hotel. A passenger and baggage elevator from this hall conveys guests to the second floor, where are situated in front the tastv hotel oftice, reading-room, two lu.xuriously furnished parlors, five samjile rooms for conmiercial travelers, etc., and at the rear two light, airy, and beantifullv decorated dining rooms — ])ublic and private — respective) v 40.\ So and 20 X 30 feet in area. On this floor are also several suites of sum])tuous rooms with connecting bath and toilet rooms, wide halls furnishing ample means of access. Mounting to the third floor, we find it divided into comfortable and handsomely furnished sleejiing chambers, reached by elegantly carpeted halls, while in the rear were formerlv two asscmblv rooms, suitable for meetings, lectures, and dancing, one of .Soo the other of 300 seating capacity. The largest has recently been remodeled into sleeping rooms, making an addition of about twentv — one hun- dred in all. The fourth floor is similarly arranged, especial reference being had to the comfort and convenience of guests, and the fifth or half-storv is set aside for the servants' dormitory and for storage i)uri)oses. A feature of the house is the number of staircases found every- where, while fire escapes are i)laced outside, thus making amjile provision for the safetv of the inmates in case of danger — a remote contingency, since hotel and ojiera house are isolated from each other and both are practically fire-jiroof. The furnishing and upholstering through- out are tasteful and lu.xurious, the decorations artistic, and evervthing is arranged with an eye single to the enjoyment and gratification of guests. Steam heat, gas, and electric lights, and every modern improvement are lavishly supplied, and the guest who could find fault with the interior or e.xterior of the Windsor must intleed be difficult to please. The culinary department is in charge of an accomplished artist, who is provided with a competent corps of assistants, and the resources of earth, air, and sea are exhausted, that the guests of the Windsor mav " fare sumpUiouslv cvcrv dav." Including clerks, cooks, bcll-bovs, waiters, and clianibermaids, thirty-two |)eople arc employed, and the service is unexceptionable. While the traveling jmblic generally are welcomed and hos]Titably entertained, a specialty is made of providing for the theatrical profession, and the fraternity of merchant travelers, and these classes make the Windsor their home when in Ilolyokc. Kates range from S2.50 to S3.00 per day, according to accommodations. A livcrv stable in connection with the house will suj)- ply horses and vehicles for guests or care for their teams on moderate terms. Guests are con- veved to and from trains free of charge. Mr. Ferguson, a native of Fssex, \'t., is an experienced lioniface, having been interested in the Scoville House, Waterbury, Conn., for a long time, lie has resided here for the past seven years. He is a genial, hearty gentleman, and the beau ideal of a popular host. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. I27 D, H. & A. B. TOWER, Architects — Paper Pulp Mill and Cotton Mill Designs a Specialty — No. 4 Main St. The specialist in architecture as in other professions is certain to e.\cel in those branches to which he devotes his undivided attention, as is shown by the i)rofessional success and world- wide fame that has rewarded Messrs. D. H. & A. B. Tower of Holyoke. These gentlemen, natives of Massachusetts, who iiad previously given long and earnest studv to the best Ameri- can and foreign models, located here some eighteen years ago, and, gradually relinquishing a large patronage in the field of domiciliary architecture, gave more and more of their time and talents to that branch of their art which relates more immediately to the productive industries, and consequently affords more scope for the utilization of location and surroundings than for mere ornamentation. The result is, as was foreseen, a demand for their services all over the United States and a steadily augmenting clientage in distant lands — Canada, Great Britain, Australia, India, South America, Central America, Mexico, and even in Ciermany and northern Europe. At home they may be said to have no rivals in their own peculiar line of work. Messrs. Towers' oftices at Xo. 4 Main street are quite commodious and especially arranged for the prompt transaction of business. From twelve to fifteen draughtsmen, civil'engineers, and stenographers compose the staff, and all are kept busy. The grand specialty being the erection of manufacturing establishments, architectural designs, specifications, ' estimates, details, etc., are carefully prepared, advice given, surveys and plans made for the laying out of mill sites and the distribution of power, and personal attention given in every instance. A separate department for house and commercial work has been recently added. Among the many great works designed and executed by this firm may be mentioned the magniticenl new mill No. 2 of the Parsons Paper Company, the George R. Dickinson Paper Company's mill, Beebe & Holbrook's mill, the Winona Paper Companv's mill, the Nonotuck and the Hampden mills. They were also the architects of the superb new county jail at Springfield. Mr. A. B. Tower, who was city engineer of Holyoke during the vears iSSi-2-3, is the patentee of an improved form of wood pul]-) grinder, a large number of which have been put in operation in this and foreign countries, and which is believed to be one of the verv best machines for this work, the claim of its inventor, that it will manufacture more and better pulp with the expenditure of less horse power than any other machine on the market, being fully borne out in the experiences of those using the machine. D. H. & A. B. Tower give attention to the designing of machinery and mills for the manu- facture of sulphite wood fiber, and have made many improvements upon the process in vogue ; the process used by the National Sulphite Boiler and Fiber Company being the product of their skill and experience. COWNECTICUT RIVER PAPER CO. L. J. Powers, President and Treasurer; T. S. Kingsford, Agent; L. J. Powers, Jr., Manufacturing Agent — Manufacturers of Fine Writing Papers — Third Level of Canal, at New Railroad Bridge. ( )ne of the latest of the Paper City's flourishing enterprises, and one of the most jiromising, is the Connecticut River Paper Company, organized and incorjiorated in 1SS8. The caj^ital stock is Sjoo.ooo. The mill, completed and started in 1SS8, is a large and very fine one, of brick, five stories, 50 x 200 feet, connected with which is a one-storv rag warehouse, 60 x So feet, a two-story storage house, 50 x 50 feet, and two-story machine building, 60 x 80 feet. The equipment is complete in all departments, and com]5rises, in part, ten iooo-i)ound rag engines and one 62-inch aiid one 72-inch paper machine of six tons per day combined capacit\s all other ap]iliances being provided upon a commensurate scale, and run by three mill water pow- ers supplemented by one 250-horse-power Corliss and two smaller steam engines, while the Loomis electric light system illuminates the estalilishment throughout. The company employs 200 operatives and pays out some $6,000 a month in wages. The otifices of the company — one for genera! business purposes, 18 x 30 feet, the other pri- vate, 15 X iS feet — are e.xtremely handsome, finished in quartered oak, with ceilings enameled in tints, and provided with antique open firejilaces. Three steel safes are concealed in the walls; electric liells and speaking tubes conununicate with all parts of the plant, and, on the whole, these are the most attractive and convenient paper mill otitices in New England. Ad- joining is the commodious sample room, fitted up in beautiful style with black walnut plat- forms, show tables, and cases. President Powers was at one time mayor of Springfield, an office which he filled with honor to himself and credit to the city during 1S79-S0. He has also served in the council and board of aldermen of that city and on the governor's council. He is at present a director of the Agawam_ National Bank, of the Massachusetts Life Insurance Companv, of the Wason Man- ufacturing Company, and of the Collins Paper Company, besides being more or less inflren- tially connected with various other enterprises. 128 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLLS IRA 1 HI). GEORGE R. DICKINSON PAPER COMPANY. Henry S. Dickinson, President and Treasurer; I. Warren Bullens, Secretary. The lateGcorj;c R. Dickinson, who died in Deceinl)er, 1S87, was the tounder ot tiie above- named company, organized in iSSi. April i, 1882, work began on the mill ; Func 2 of the same year the company was incorporated with a caiiital stock of $150,000, and April 12, iSS"" the machinery was started. The premises are quite extensive and in i)roductive capacity rank* with the five largest in the United States. TIr- "iiiiiHiiiiL;>. m im- 1 mistrnction of which 4,000,- 000 bricks were used, comprise the rag and stock warehouse, four stories, 40 x 130 feet; the bleaching and dusting department, four stories, 44 x 66 feet; the shaving-room, one story and basement, 15 x 34 feet ; the one-story-and-basement rag engine room, 65 x 137 feet ; the machine room, 55 X 120 feet, and the finishing room, two stories, 48 x 155 feet. Attached to the build- ings described is the wheel-house, 31 x 45 feet, containing three " Hercules" water-wheels, one of thiity-six, the others of fiftv-four inches diameter, the first for actuating the calenders, the two latter for rimning the rag engines. 'I'wo conc-pullcy rooms, each 26x34 feet, and two screen rooms, each 24 x 36 feet, adjoin. The main elevator and stairs are contained in a tower, 1 5 X 24 feet, adjoining the rag and stock house. A second tower at the rear of the mill encloses an additional elevator and stairway, while a third elevator communicates with the rag room. The cliimney, resting upon a base twelve feet square, is 125 feet in height. Thrniighout the buildings are of the most substantial description. The c(|uipment consists of twelve rag engines of one tiionsand jiounds capacity, two Jordan engines, and two Kourdrinicr machines, eighty-four and eiglUy-eight inches respectively. In the bleach room are two rotarv rag boilers, 22 x 7 feet. The basement contains twenty-one l)rick drainers, stuff chests, and shafting. The finishing room is ecpiipped with four web cal- enders, seven stock cutters, and consideralile heavy machinery. One steam engine drives each machine. The average output of super-calendered book, news, and flat papers is twelve tons per diem, and the mill is run day and night to fill orders. GEORGE W. PRENTISS & CO., Wire Manufacturers — Office and Works, No. 29 Dwight St. This well-known iionse was estal)ii>lic'il in 1S57, and owing to the superiority of its products has always done a good business. The present factory, one of the most complete in the world, was erected in 1870, and comjirises four three-story brick buildings fronting 120 feet on Dwight street and affording 43,000 scpiare feet of tioorage. The machinery outfit is a splendid one, including every improved device appropriate to the business of wire drawing and finishing. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATKI). 129 The working force averages seventy men, wlio receive about $3,000 ])cr ni(jnth in wages, wliile tlie annual output varies little from 700 tons of Swedes and charcoal iron, Siemens-Martin and Uesscmer steel wire, of which gun screw, machinery and spiral spring, piano pin, oval, flat, stjuare, and tin-plated wires of all sizes and for all purposes, plated piano-string-covering wire„ hook-and-eve, mattress and broom wires are the specialties. Iron wires, bright and annealed and coppered, and annealed stone and weaving wires are furnished from stock or made to order in any size or quantity required, as is copper pail-bail wire. The utmost care is exercised to conform to sample in finishing wires for special purposes. The firm is composed of .Massrs. Oeo. \V. Prentiss, a resident of Holyoke since 1S57, pres- ident of the liolyoke National liank and of the Holyoke Savings Bank; M. W. Prentiss, a native of Acworth, N. U., and W. A. Prentiss, born at Elmwood, Mass. The trade of the house reaches every nook and corner of the United States and Canada. ROLAND T. OAKES & CO., Contractors for General Electrical Work — Dealers in Gas Fixtures, Wood Mantels, Fireplace Fittings, Hill's Patent Inside Sliding Blinds, Venetian Blinds, Domes- tic and Ecclesiastical Stained Glass, etc. — No. 281 High St., Taber's Block. This firm, composed of Messrs. Roland T. Oakes and Arthur J. Newell, was organized in 18S6, and is already a pronounced and growing success. Mr. Oakes, a native of Athol, a citizen of Holyoke for over four years, and a member of the city council, looks after the finances and general business management, while Mr. Newell, a young man, formerly with the Electric Light Company, and the only licensed electrician i;' ^ Holyoke, superintends tli part of the work, in which In is assisted by five skilled me- ^ chanics and linemen. |f The great specialty of the S house is electrical work in all =: its branches, including incan- fc descent wiring, electric bells, ^^H| electric gas-lighting, pole line work, and repairs of all kinds. ^P The practical application of ^H electricity to gas lighting is ^^ f|uite simple. Our engraving illustrates an entrance-hall to a private dwelling, wherein an occupant, having occasion to go below during the night, steps from his room at the head of the stairs and touches a press-button, when instantly his way is lighted ahead of him. This is only one of a score of illustrations which might be given, showing the great practical utility of this invaluable system of lighting gas by electricity. They also lit up speaking tubes when desired, and sup- ply and put up gas fi.xtures for all purposes, domestic, manu- facturing, and public. Orders for wood mantels, jjatent in- side sliding blinds, Venetian blinds, window screens, etc., are promptly filled at manufacturers' prices. A large stock of stained glass for house and ecclesiastical use is also kept on hand and designs furnished on application, and glazed and unglazed tiles of every description are supplied to order. The firm give unvarying satisfaction in all cases, and enjoy the confidence and patronage of architects, builders, and property-owners here and all over Western .Massachusetts. I30 INLAND MASSACIirSI-'I TS 1 1 IIS IK AITD. HOLYOKE PAPER COMPANY. O. H. Greenleaf, President; O. S. Greenleaf, Treasurer — Manufacturers of Fine Writing, Linen, Bond, and Envelope Papers, Card and Bristol Board, etc. — No. 637 Main St., South end of Second Canal Level. This is the second company ever organized to manufacture paper at Holyokc, its original mill, cap.Tcitv one ton ]5cr day, being started in 1S57 ; I). M. lUitterlicld, manager. About a year later, Stephen Ilolnuin supcr.seded Mr. lUittcrliekJ, and he in turn in 1861; retired in favor of Mr. (). II. tlreenleaf, the present manager. The Holyuke Paper Comjiany's mill is (ine of the most convenient mills for making ;ind finishing jiaper in the country. The main structure is 54 .\ 320 feet, hnishing department, 4S x 160 feet. At the rear are the dusting and bleaching rooius, 50 .\ Co feet, all three stories high; machine room, 75 -N 108 feet, two stories; boiler-house, 30 x 40 feet, and size-room, 30 x 50 feel, one story; store-house, 48 x no feet, two stories. The ecpiipment is first-class, and embraces, among other ap])lianccs, twelve 750-i)ound l)eating engines,^ eight 6oo-i)ound washing engines, one 84-inch and two 62- inch pajicr machines. Eight and a half mill jiowers are required to run the ma- chinery ; 225 i)eop]e, earning $9,000 per luonth, are emiiloycd, and the output is eight and a half tons per day of high-grade writing, linen, bond, envelope, and other clioice papers, card and Bristol board, etc. The reputation of this company is of the best, and its goods are handled by the trade all over the I'nitcd States. The capital em|>Ioycd in business is over half a million dollars. HOLYOKE PAPER CO. Holyoke. Hiss. TUTTLE RUBBER WORKS. J. H. Tuttle, Proprietor; J. L. Davis, Superintendent — Sole Manufacturers of Jenkins' and Frink's Patent Packing, Valves, and Discs, Hard and Soft Rubber Pump Valves, Gaskets, etc. — Water Power Company's Building, Bigelow St. Of the diversified industries of Holyoke none is of greater comj^arative importance or exerts a more beneficent influence upon the welfare of the city than the manufacture of rubber goods as conducted by Messrs. J. 1 1. Tuttle and J. L. Davis, the foriuer j^roprietor, tiie latter superintendent of the Tuttle Rubber Works, occuiiying three floors, 50 x 100 feet, of the llolyoke Water I'ower Comi>any's building on I'.igelow street. This prosperous liousc was established in 1S78, and has made for itself a reputation for su]ierior goods that extends not only to all parts of tlie United .States and Canada, but involves frccjuent and heavy exports to l'".ngland, Russia, and other distant countries. The factory is ecpiipiicd in the best maiuier with appropriate apparatus and apj^liances for the luanipulation of rubber, an 8o-horsc-]iower boiler forming a ])ortion of the outfit, l-'ifty people arc emplovcd in the various departments; the i^ay-roll averages $1,500 ])er month, and the average aniuud value of the product is $70,000. The specialties embrace rul)bcr adjimcts to engines and machinery exclusively, and include, among other items, full lines of Jenkins' and Frink's ])acking, valves, and discs, hard and soft rubber pump valves, gaskets, etc. The goods are disjiosed of through, the celebrated house of Jenkins Pros., Boston, New \'(iik, I'hiladeliihia, and Chicago. Mr. Tuttle, a genial, elderly gentleman, was a sailor in his youth, but finally brought to as superintendent of the Liverpool Rubber Companv, subsecjuentlv accepting a similar ])osition with the Montreal Rubber Coiupanv, which he left and caiue to Holvoke, where he established the Tuttle Rubber Company, and has made a success of it. He is ably assisted by tiie very efficient superintendent, Mr. J. I,. Davis. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. HOLYOKE MACHINE COMPANY. 131 N. H. Whitten, President; Stephen Holman, Treasurer; H. J. Frink, Agent — Manufacturers of Improved Paper Machinery, Turbines, Gearing, Pumps, Hydraulic Presses, Elevators, etc. — Main St. The Holyoke Machine Company, organized for the construction and repair of machinery of all kinds, was incorporated October i, 1S63 ; J. S. Davis, president ; S. S. Chase, treasurer ; T. C. Page, agent; capital, #30,000. The shop buiklin- was of two stories, 50 x 116 feet. jirovided witli the usual outfit, and the entire working force numbered little more than thirty. Originality, skill, and correct business methods bore their usual fruits, however, and from vear to year the enterprise grew in importance; the capital stock was increased from time to time and tlie plant enlarged to meet the demands upon its resources, and at the present writing this is looked upon as one of Central Massachusetts' leading industries, the shops, occupying several one, two, three, and four-story buildings, covering ground 230 x 391 feet at Holyoke^ besides a flourishing plant at Worcester. [Of the latter we shall have something to say at a future time, confining ourselves to the original establishment for the present.] The equipment is complete, and represents, with buildings and aj^i^urtenances, an investment of more than half a million dollars. About three hundred workmen are employed, and the product, embracing a great variety of paper making and finishing machinery, turbines, mill gearing, pumps, hydraulic presses, elevators, and other machinery and a])pliances suited to manufactur- ing purposes generally, and to the paper industry in particular, is enormous. The character of the output, all of the most perfect design, material, and workmanship, corresponds with its volume, and it is in growing request throughout the States, Canada, Central and South Amer- ica, and even in Euroj^e. We are tempted to go into a detailed descrijition of these works, but the reflection that such details must prove tedious without serving any valuable pur]3ose restrains us. Suffice it to say that in point of magnitude and capacity they are quite as extensive and in some respects the largest and most perfectly equipped of the kind in New England if not in the United States. Everything is of the best, and improvements are constantly being made in all depart- ments. Some of the Holyoke Machine Company's specialties are \vorthy of brief description, even in these crowded pages. The ISovden Turln'ne wheel, for instance, is fittcil with brass guides and bronze buckets, and is absolutely proof against that worst foe of the water wheel, rust. Tliis celebrated turbine has been in use in this country more than forty years, and its merits are well known and appreciated by many of the large manufacturing establishments, and are unquestioned bv the most eminent and experienced hydraulic engineers. "The I lerciilcs" turbine, proved by actual and manifold tests the most powerful wheel ever devised, is fast suiierscding other wheels where the necessity exists for economizing water. Tliis company had for years been cx])crimenting with and imjiroving water-wheels — first the " .American," then the " Uisdon," abandoning one after the other because they were not adapted to the majority of water powers — were not, in a word, the ideal wheel, moderate in cost, compact, not liable to get out of order, developing great power in proportion to size, and using water economically from full to half gate. The original "Hercules" was tested by James Emerson, engineer, in the Holyoke testing flume in 1S76. He afterward stated 132 INLAND MAssACHUbETTS ILLUSTRATED. that wliile as higli useful effect at whole gate had been obtained by several budders, no such average had been reached at all stages ot gate opening, and in cap'acitv the " Hercules " took a stand so entirely above that of any turbine ever before produced, that he urged the leading water-wheel builders to unite in taking it up to improve it, each builder striving to excel. It was not, therefore, until 1S7S that the Holyoke .Machine Company were ableto secure the exclusive right to make and perfect the wheel. Kor eleven years past they have labored un- weariedly to imjirove the device in its various sizes, liiirty-si.x in number, right and left hand, up to sixty inches liiameter, and every wheel may be implicitly dejjendcd upon to perform as rei)resented, in actual service. They are in use in all kinds of mills using water power, and are being exported in considerable numbers to CIreat liritain. Russia, Continental Kurojie. and other countries, while shipments south are rapidly increasing with the growth of textile and other industries in that section. I'aper machinery of every description — the Kourdrinier machine exce|)ted — is made here in improved form and guaranteed, including machinery for finishing all kinds of coated paper and card board ; also improved water wheel governors, head-gate work, double acting power pumps, rotary fire pumps, and friction driving ap|)aratus, hydraulic pumjis, hvdraulic presses of any size and ca])acity, Holyoke elevators, ore stamjis. Holvokc grate-bars, the most reliable gears, shafting, hangers, and i)ulleys, mill castings in every style and size, and special machin- ery from original designs and patterns. NATIONAL BLANK BOOK CO. '\ ^Ao H. S. Dewey, President; F. B. Towne, Treasurer— Manufacturers of Blank Books and Memorandums — Water Power Company's Building, Cabot St. The founders of this industry were J. C. .Shaw iV Co., who connnenced the manutacture of blank and memorandum books in New York as long ago as 1845 — nearly forty-five years. The cnterjirise was prosecuted with varying success, though with constantly broadening scope, until in iSSi the jnesent company was incorjjoratecl with a paid-u]) capital stock of .S;?o,ooo, and at once the concern assumed important pro- portions. The plant is extremely large and comprehensive — one of the largest in the United .States — and requires lor its accommodation two entire floors, 72 x 320 feet. One hundred and seventy-five operatives find steadv employment in the various departments, and the ec|ui]mient of machin- ery and ap])liances for ruling, binding, and finishing, embracing every modern im|)rovenient, is a wonder to look u|)on. The work turned out needs no commendation at our hands; it is in general use everywhere, more especially in the West and South, and its reputation is made and fixed. The coni))any's salesrooms at Xo. 76 Duane street. New York, arc very large, fully stocked with its own products, and fairly regarded as the headquar- ters of the blank book trade of the metropolis. 8 451 4fA^ C. H. PRENTISS, Merchant Tailor, No. 199 High St. Man's i^ersonal apjiearancc and dicss is as a rule the outward indication of his habits and social ]K)sition, and the world at large generally jilaces its value upon the man in accordance with the handiwork of his tailor. (3n this accoimt the merchant tailor holils a prominent position in the mercantile world. One of the most prominent in this line in Holyoke is Mr. C. H. Prentiss, whose estaljlishment is located at Xo. 199 High street, second floor. .Mr. Prentiss has devoted his entire energies since early youth to tailoring, and it is not exceeding the bounds of truth to say that there is no better cutter or fitter in the State. He gives close attention to business, ancj since he has been established on his own accomit — 1.S71 to 1S90 — he has but seldom absented himself from his establishment, and thus by giving his entire jiersonal attention to all orders entrusted to his care he is enabled to give his patrons the best of satisfaction. He has been in his ))resent location for the past eighteen years, during which time the ]iremises have been altered three times to meet the increasing demands of his trade. The office and cloth room is in front and the workshop in rear, where fourteen skilled employes are engaged on an average throughout the year. Mr. Prentiss is a native of Ac- worth, X. H., is a gentleman of marked business ability, push, and energy, and his extensive business is a substantial proof of the excellence and satisfactory character of his work. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. THE RIVERSIDE PAPER COMPANY. ^33 J. H. Appleton, President and Treasurer; W. N. Caldwell, Agent— Manufacturers of Linen Ledger, Fine Writing, and Envelope Papers, Bristol Board, etc.— Foot of Cabot St., Third Level of Canal. The Riverside Paper Company, incorporated in iS66 with a cash cajntal of $150,000, ranks with the most famous of those whose enterprise has resulted in the development of the paper industry on the Con- .___ necticutandthe build- __ ~~-::^ -^ajc- -= ing of this bustling and prosperous city. Many improvements have been introduced by the company from time to time, amon the most recent beiii the securing, las year, of an abundant supply of pure wati 1 for manufacturin purposes at a cost 1 1 $10,000, and the light- ing of the plant throughout by elec tricitv. The mill, situated on the third level of the canal at the foot of Cabot street, is a model establishment, the principal building being 52 x 240 feet, three stories and basement, with which are connected two stock houses — one of two stories, 35 x 100 feet, the other of two stories, 5S x 62 feet, with machine room 65 x no feet, three floors, and bleaching room, 25 x 40 feet. The boiler-house, 40 x 50 feet, is detached and all are con- structed of brick. The equipment consists, in part, of four Soo-pound washers, five goo-pound beaters, one 72-inch and one So-inch machine, run by three mill ]5owers and two steam engines of 30ohorse-power and 75-horse-power respectively, supj^lied with steam from three i20-horse- ])ower boilers. A i2-horse-i)ovver engine is employed to run the dynamo. The cajjacity is live tons per day, and 160 hands earn a livelihood on the premises, $5,500 per month being disbursed in wages. James W. Toole, who comes from a Dalton pajier-making family, has been the efficient superintendent for many years. The Riverside mill produces a variety of superior papers all ]5ole-dried, including "Magna Charta " bond, the " Dundee Record " (ledger), " Dundee " ancl " P. L. S." creani and white linens, beside typewriter papers, and a choice line of mill and Bristol boards. The popularity of their goods is best attested by their large and increasing sale, whicii extends to every State in the Union. GERMANIA MILLS. Herman Stursberg, Treasurer ; Herman Stursberg, Jr., Agent ; William Mauer, Secretary ; Louis Bume, Superintendent ; Otto Hoffbauer, Paymaster — Manu- facturers of Fine Castors, Beavers, Overcoatings, etc.— Cor. Race and South Streets. This comi)anv, incorporated in January, 1S65, has achieved a re]nitation as broad as the American continent for the excellence and beauty of its products, liackcd by a capital stock of $300,000, no pains nor expense have been spared to perfect its ecpiipment and facilities or to im])rove, wherever imjirovement was i^ossible, the various processes, with the result that no American and few foreign com]>etitors excel the "(lermania" overcoatings and cloakings. The factory building ]iro]ier, ])nrchased in 1S64, ]ireliminarv to organization, is of brick, four stories, ^2 x iSo feet, with which is connected a onc-storv-and-basement structure 78 x 150 feet, the ui)iier part being used for the storage of raw wool and the basement as a dve-house. A splen- tlid complement of machinery fills the various floors of the mill, whicli is lighted by tlie Edison incandescent system, and ]irovided with every imaginable convenience and safeguard against danger from fire and accident. The comjiany also owns twenty-two tenement houses for the shelter of its 300 operatives — 225 males and 75 females. The amiual output averages 225.000 yards of six-quarter heavy cloths, and the fpiantity is steadily increasing in response to the demands of the trade all over the United States. '34 IM.A.NU .MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. D. F. COGHLAN'S HOLYOKE STEAM BOILER AND IRON WORKS, Manufacturer of Steel and Wrought Iron Steam Boilers, Tanks, Penstocks, Rotary Bleachers, and Riveted Plate Work of All Kinds — Cor. Crescent and Park Sts. Xotwithstanding the development of the electric motor and the periodical hurrah over the Keelev and other alleged inventions designed to do away with steam as a i)ropelling force, ^^^ the fact rcMnains that tlicre is a constant increase in r" ^iBH^"\ ''"^ dcmantl for steam hoilers and the various me- J jBb^^M\ ^ I hanical ai)pliances constructed upon the same gene- i.d principles, and the skilled worker in plate and -hcct steel and iron is apparently in no immediate linger of involuntary retirement. Among the most -iiccessful and ingenious of New England mechanics n this particular held must he classetl Mr. 1). F. I Oghlan, who cstahlisiicd his business in .\pril, 1S69. The premises owned by Mr. Coghlan, now at the )rner of Crescent and I'ark streets, having 22,000 ■ ct of land, and one of the most eligible sites for iisincss of this kind in the citv, comprise a double ne-and-a-half-story frame structure, So .\ 100 feet, '. ith sheds, office, etc., attached, the equii^ment in- luding the usual outfit of shears, launches, riveters, lid other iron-working machinery and tools, driven v a 6o-horse-]5ower engine. Fifty mechanics and itlpers are employed, and $1,500 a month is paid ' 'ut in wages. The output, which comprises the litest imjMovcd steel and wrought iron jiortable and tationary steam boilers, tanks, ])enstocks, smoke lues, and general i)late iron work, is widely celebrated ir excellence of material, skillfid construction, ;l'ectiveness, and durability. His boilers are in wenty-threc States of the Union, also in South Amer- . .1 and Me.\ico, and orders are constantly being iilled for New F.ngland manufacturers and shipment lithe West. A leading specialty is made of im- rovcd rotary bleachers for jjajjcr mills, and in this particular item Mr. Coghlan may justly claim supe- 1 ioritv. Coghlan's patent house-heating boilers, pro- . ided with vertical, horizontal, triple, and quadruple Irafts, Sears' patent water and fire tube boilers, loco- motive tubular, horizontal tubular, n])right, tine, and r\ Under boilers, Moore's ]iatent tubular water heater, drying jians, sand heaters, rosin boilers, water tanks, tar ketties, iron doors, and shutters, etc., are con- structed to orilcr ; special machinery is provided for dishing heads of large diameter, and plans of patent boiler setting supplied when desired. Mr. T. H. Sears, an experienced practical boiler maker and inventor of note, is sui)erin- tendent of the works. DICKINSON & CLARK PAPER COMPANY, Manufacturers of Superfine Calendered Book Papers — Second Level of Canal, below County Bridge. The above-named comi)any was cstablislied in iSSo bv the late fleo. R. Dickinson, but the mill itself is an old one, the Hampden ra[)er Comjiany being the original owner from 1S62. June I, iSSo, the Dickinson & Clark Paper Com]ianv became the owner. Mr. I)ickinson, largely interested in other ])apcr manufacturing entcrjirises, died in December, 1SS7, when the nianagcnient devolved upon .Mr. John I''.. Clark. The mill building is a one-story frame structure, 60 .\ 75 feet, with stock-house 30 x6ofeet, and boiler-house 15 .\ 25 feet attached, the latter containing two large boilers for bleaching, steam-heating, and running a twenty-five-horse-power engine. Two turbine wheels actuate the machincrv, which, comprising si.x 400-iiound rag engines and a 62-inch paper machine, besides a vcrv complete outtit of accessories, is in first class condition and does excellent work, as is shown by tlie paper turned out — four tons tlaily of sui)er-calendercd book of high grade. Fifty- five operatives earn a livelihood here, receiving an aggregate of $1,600 a month. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 135 ALBION PAPER COMPANY. E. C. Taft, Agent and Treasurer — Manufacturers of Engine and Animal-Sized Flat Cap and Book Papers — Second Level of Canal, below County Bridge. The Albion Paper Company was incorporated in 1S69, commencing in a small way on a cash capital of $60,000. Up to 1878 they occupied a frame mill of modest dimensions now owned by Dickinson iS; Clark, but during that year erected and established themselves in their present plant, the main building being of brick, 39 x 243 feet, two stories in height, with which are connected two bleaching-houses, respectively 34 x 57 and 29 x 34 feet, three machine rooms, each 30 x 104 feet, a two-story finishing department with tower 30 x 19S feet — all of brick; one frame stock-house, 40 x 175 feet, one of brick, 40 x 103 feet, and another, also of brick, two stories and basement, 40 x 200 feet ; and two boiler-houses respectivelv 34 x 37 and 20 X 32 feet. Twelve mill water power and three 40-horse steam engines are required, and the equipment, first-class in all respects, includes two bleaching engines, eighteen looo-pound rag engines, three Jordan engines, and three S4-inch paper machines. Five thousand dollars jier month is disbursed among 220 operatives, and twenty tons of superior book and engine and animal-sized flat caps is produced daily. Shipping facilities are excellent, a side-track of the New York, New Haven iS: Hartford railroad extending to the warehouse doors, and orders are ])romptlv filled for deliverv at anv point in the United States. Everv precaution is provided for the safety of the buildings and inmates, including auto- matic sprinklers in every room, two powerful steam pumps, and nine fire hydrants, while steam heat and an abundance of electric lights contribute to their comfort and convenience. The ottice, large and handsomely appointed, is richly finished in cherry and ash, and is an appro- priate center from which Agent and Treasurer Taft can effectively direct operations in all departments. F. L. TABER, Dealer in Diamonds, Fine Gold and Silver Watches, Silver and Plated Ware, French Clocks, Gold-Headed Canes, Optical Goods, Rogers' Statuary, etc. — No. 281 High St. Costlv precious stones and magnificent jewelry have, from time immemorial, been the chief insignia of the wealthv and powerful, while a more modest display marks the appreciation in which the educated and refined hold the products of the jewelers' art, which, old as civilization itself and progressive as any of its younger sisters, is constantly taxed for new designs and improved methods, that cultivated taste may enjoy the fruits of its labors. It is not, there- fore, surprising that Holyoke, herself a type of modern enterprise, should boast one of the most extensive and progressive jewelry houses west of Boston and north of Xew York. In 1S4S — fortv-one vears ago — Mr. L. A. Taber located here and opened a small jewelry store. A skilled workman and competent business man, he grew up with the town, his circle of accjuaintance gradually expanding and his sales increasing from year to year until he found himself at the head of an establishment which for extent of resources and influence has no peer in this community and few equals in the State. In the mean time he had brought up his son in the establishment as a practical jeweler and goldsmith, fully prepared to take the founder's place on his retirement, which occurred seven years ago, when a new firm was or- ganized under the style of Taber & Chapman — F. L. Taber and Eugene Chapman. The latter withdrew after a few months, and Mr. Taber continued alone. Two vears ago the elder Mr. Taber completed the elegant Taber block at No. 28 1 High street, and the jewelry establishment was at once domiciled upon the ground floor, a superb store 25 X 60 feet, fitted up expressly for the purpose, beautifully finished in cherry, provided with steam heating apparatus and electric light. The show windows and front doors are of plate glass, art counters and silver-plated cabinets and show-cases abound, and altogether the effect is quite pleasing. At the rear is the work-room, 25 x 30 feet, where two skilled artisans arc emjiloved under Mr. Taber's personal supervision. The stock is a comprehensive one and of great value, embracing a choice line of set and unset diamonds and precious stones in great variety, fine imported and American gold and silver watches, rich and costly jewelry, gold-headed canes, optical goods of every description, sterling silver and silver-plated ware from the most reputable manufacturers, a rare assort- ment of Frencli clocks, American clocks, etc. A leading specialty is made of solid gold rings in everv conceivable style, and children's rings in great variety. Mr. Taber is sole agent, besides, for Rogers' celebrated statuary, and carries a complete line of these popular goods. Mr. Taber was born here, is known to the entire community, and requires no introduction.. His goods, prices, and methods are unimpeachable. 136 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATEI). WHITMORE MANUFACTURING CO. William Whiting, President ; F. D. Heywood, Treasurer and Clerk — Manufactur- ers of Lithograph, White Plated and Chromo Papers, Fine Wedding Bristols and Card Board of Every Description — Cabot St. This eiiteri)ri.se was oij;anized and incor|)urated witii 525,000 c.i])ital. President \Vhiting requires no introchiction, since he is one of llolyokc's most prominent citizens, and a leader in everv movement, industrial and i)olitica], public and private, having for its object the wel- fare of the city and ol liie country at large. The Whitmore Manufacturing Company occupies the first floor of the Water Power Com- pany's building on Cabot street, 325 feet front by 85 feet deep, together with half of the first floors of the east and west wings, all lighted by gas and heated by steam. The equipment of modern improved machinery is first-class, and 62 hands are employed, their wages averaging $■5,000 per month. The specialties include sujjerior lines of lithograph, white ])lated, and chromo pajiers, in which this company e.xcei, together with card board of every variety. 'I'iieir fine grades of Uristol, and more especially tiicir wedding goods, are in extraordinary favor with the trade everywhere, and the demand from the great cities — more particularly from New York and Chicago — ta.xcs the resources of the company to the utmost. The capacity is eight tons per day of papers and card board. HOLYOKE WIRE WORKS. Buchanan, Bolt & Co. — Manufacturers of Fourdrinier Wires, Brass, Copper, and Iron Wire Cloth, Dandy Rolls and Cylinders, Patent Seamless Wove and Laid Dandy Covers, etc. The llolvokc Wire Works were established in 1S7S by Messrs. Ihichanan, Bolt & Co., and are probablv the most coniplctclv eepiiiJiKcl if not the most extensive of the kind in thcUnited .'states. The plant is located ^r ~~ ~~ ^~>y ill one of the Water Power '-I ('om])anv's buildings, 40 x 275 feet, fitted uj) with steam ))owcr and gas light, and is in all respects a valuable and desirable manufacturing jiro])- crtv. This is one of the trades ;i|ii|iil; -,.Tr.i1|il'Sl]L>''^-^5"";.rir'< i*' ia !■•' I3 l^ ja *" 1L-.«I3 ^""tv. imsisoneonnetracie jl|!lll!lll''# SJ ^ I S 1 1 % K .1^ .-^^ J^ g - [.: ^ r-^ in which skilled labor onlv i !!ii]ii«itf ii^_^MWMllJ:^ ffl ;;;.;;s?h:'?:s xr tI: ]iroducts, cnumerateil in our ca])tion, are for the use of [laper makers exclusively, and arc unanimously ])ronounced equal if not superior to the best : r : mported. The Fourdrinier wires are made from patent diamond drawn wire ni.iilc < spci laliy by this firm, from a new acid-jiroof metal to be known as the " Kagle " brand comjjosition, which is warranted to resist acitl and wear longer than the ordinary metal used by other manufacturers to make Fourdrinier wire cylinders and dandy coveis. EMORY A. ELLSWORTH, Architect, Civil and Mechanical Engineer— Rooms 9 and 11 Whiting Street Building, Main St. Mr. Ellsworth is the successor of Davis & Ellsworth, established in August, 1SS3, Mr. Davis soon afterward retiring. With two handsome offices — rooms 9 and 11 Whiting Street building — and the assistance of two accom|)lished draughtsmen and three engineers, Mr. Ellsworth is prepared to respond promptly to all demands upon his technical and professional skill and resources. Mr. Ellsworth's reputation is well established, and his services in constant demand. He is a close student of the best models, and, pos.sessing great originality of conception and exe- cution, has before him the promise of a brilliant career. Among the examples of his genius may be mentioned the Whiting Street building, of which he is a tenant ; the Essex-street apart- ment house ; the Ilolvoke En'veloiie Company's factory; the agricultural exjieriment station at Amherst; the Hatch experiment station of Rhode Island, etc. He is now city engineer, which office he has held for several years, and has given entire satisfaction. Previous to locating in Holvokc he was for a time engaged in business at Northampton. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 137 AMERICAN PAD AND PAPER COMPANY. A. W. Esleeck, President ; T. W. Halley, Treasurer — Manufacturers of Paper Pads and Tablets, Folded Papers and All Kinds of Headings — Whiting Street Building. The manufacture of paper pads, tablets, letter and note-heads, bill-heads, ruled papers, etc., has grown to the dignity of a separate and very important industry of late years, with its principal seat at this great paper manufacturing center. Among its most noted repre- .sentatives is the American Pad and Paper Company, estab- lished in 1SS3 and incorporated in 18SS with a working capital of $12,000. The works are quite extensive, requiring for their accommodation one-third of the second, half of the third, and all of the fourth floor, 22 x 90 feet, of the great Whiting Street building on Main street, lighted by gas throughout. Fifty people are employed, and the paper-cutting and ruling machinery is run by an Otto gas engine Every description of pails and tablets are made here in immense quantities, the specialties embracing the most ]5opular grades of ruled and folded papers, letter, note, and bill-headings, loft-dried, engine- sized manila, book and news l)ads. A stock worth $15,000 is kept constantly on hand, and the company's trade extends to every corner of the United States. It is hardlv necessary to enlarge upon the facilities and advantages enjoved by Holyoke manufacturers of the goods enumerated above and offered to the trade by this company, whose reputation for fair and liberal dealing is world-wide. President Esleeck and Treasurer Halley are residents of Holyoke, the former a mem- ber of the school board. KASTNER & WILLIAMS, Jobbers of Writing Papers— Office, Second Floor Nightingale Block ; New York Branch, No. 76 Franklin St. The paper manufacturing interest of Holyoke necessitates* the establishment here of numerous jobbing houses for the placing of its product. One of the most ]n-ominent of these is the house of Kastner & Williams, established in iSSS, with offices in the Xightingale block and at Xo. 76 Franklin street, New York. This Mil. I,. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATF.D. 139 CROCKER MANUFACTURING CO. S. S. Crocker, President; C. A. Crocker, Secretary and Treasurer; J. W. Mullen, Superintendent — Manufacturers of Colored Papers and Specialties — Second Level Canal, below County Bridge. The Crocker Manufacturing Comjiany was organized and incorporated in 1870 with a cash capital of $100,000, for the manufacture of colored pajjers, their leading specialties being col- ored mediums or cover papers, "Crocker's American Matrix" paper, glazed hardware paper, etc., which have few rivals and no superiors. The mill now occupied by the company was originally built for the Hampden Paper Company in 1862, but passed into the hands of the present owners in iS7[. It consists, with its appurtenances, of the main building, one story brick with basement for machine room, 75 x 100 feet ; two stock-houses of one story, 40 x 50 feet; and boiler-house, 20 x 30 feet, containing three immense boilers. The equipment com- prises one large water-wheel, and a fifty-horse-power steam engine, nine 450-pound and one 750-pound rag engine, one 72-inch and one 48-inch paper machine, one Marshall perfecting engine, two rotary bleachers, and a variety of subsidiary machinery and appliances, the uses of which it would be a tedious work to describe. Fifty men and twenty-five women are regularly employed ; the pay-roll averages $2,500 per month, and five tons is the usual daily output of finished paper, which is handled by jobbers and consumed in every corner of the United States. The goods are in great favor with' stationers, printers, and others, and no surplus stock accu- mulates. President S. S. Crocker resides at Leominster, while Secretary and Treasurer C. A. Crocker and Superintendent J. W. Mullen, who have charge of the business and plant, live in Holvoke. THE WINONA PAPER COMPANY. R. H. Emerson, of Jackson, Mich., President; B. F. Hosford, of Spnngfield, Mass., Treasurer — Manufacturers of Flat Cap and Book Papers — Second Level Canal, belowr County Bridge. The Winona Paper Company, famous for its flat cap and book papers, was incorporated in November, iSSo, with the officers named in our caption. The plant, originally extensive and greativ enlarged the past year, has also undergone a remodeling and refitting that places it in the front rank of paper manufacturing establishments. Formerly the buildings formed an immense hollow square with a great open court in the center, but that space has been con- verted into three commodious machine rooms and additions to the rag department tliat quad- ruple its capacity, a skylight and numerous large windows making it one of the brightest and most inviting in the world, fitted u]) with three "Star" dusters and four Daniels cutters. F"our capacious bleach boilers in a row are the features of the room devoted to that ])urpose, while fourteen washing and beating engines, including three new ones of 1,600 pounds capac- itv each, occupy the engine room, the appliances named ]5reparing sufficient materials to keep the mill running full at all times, the output averaging twenty tons daily of the finest grades animal-sized flat writing, envelope, and book papers — the latter in small quantity and to order only. A i)cculiarity and advantage iK)ssessed by the papers of this company is that thev are air-dried upon a special machine im])orted expressly for the iiurjiose and the onlv one as vet introduced into this country, though they are in general use and considered indispensable in England and on the continent of Europe. The Paper IVnrld iox November tiuis describes the j)rocess: "The paper j^asses in a web from a roll through a tub of sizing, precisely as for loft- drying. It then passes over 125 skeleton cylinders, and in its course is subjected to continu- ous currents of warm air, created l)v fans working inside the skeletons. The result is a close imitation of loft-dried paper — so close as to recpiire exjiert judgment to distinguish the differ- ence. It is claimed that air-dried writing pa])crs are fully ecjual for all practical purposes to the loft-dried. Tub-sized, the chief and ])erhai)s only notable difference arises from the quicker drying of the air-dried |)a|5ers, giving them a thicker coat of sizing upon the surface, the drying ])rocess stiffening the sizing before it is entirely absorbed into the paper. If other things are admitted to be ecpial, the advantage of air-drving over loft-drying is readily seen, the jiajier lieing sized and dried in a continuous we!i at one process and without handling, the capacity of the machine being several tons a day, varying according to the paper dried. Thus many handlings are avoided and the time consumed in loft-drving is saved." In remodeling this mill the Winona Pajier Comi)any has consulted the requirements of the trade as well as economy and dispatch in jiroduction; and the e(piii)ment is in all respects first- 140 INLAND MASSACHUbtTTS ILLUSTKA ILD. WINONA I'AIIK (iiMI'ANVS MILL. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. I4I class in style and construction, embracing eight stacks of super-calenders — one fifty inches in width — twenty paper-cutters and a 52-inch trimming knife, five ruling machines,' and other improved appliances. P'our Hyatt filters of 2,500 gallons capacity per minute supply all the pure water needed for manufacturing purposes, and the supply of water power for driving the machinery is ample, the apparatus having been constructed and put in by the renowned Hol- yoke Machine Company The specialties o and writing papers, supplied to the trad( isfaction guaranteed yoKC iviiiciiinc v_,uinpaiiy. The specialties of the company, as before intimated, embrace the better grades of flat cap and writing papers, together with limited quantities of fine book papers. These goods are supplied to the trade on liberal terms, and at moderate prices, orders filled promptly and sat- THE POWERS PAPER COMPANY. Lewis J. Powers, Proprietor — Third Level Canal and Connecticut River Railroad Bridge — New York Office, No. 62 Duane St. The career of Lewis J. Powers is full of encouragement for the struggling vouth of our country. Mr. Powers first saw the light in the then village of Springfield, Mass., January 15, 1S37, and when but eight years old commenced contributing to his own support by carrying and selling papers for the pioneer newsdealer, Mr. Plummer, who afterward, in 1847, sold out to Marshall Bessey, then proprietor of the Massasoit House news stand. Mr. Powers con- tinued with Mr. Dessey, delivering a route on the Republican at $2.50 a week, in the mean time nursing an earnest ambition to engage in business on his own account — an asjDiration that was not gratified until he was nearly twenty years of age, when his opportunity offered in purchas- ing an interest in the concern with which he had been employed for ten vears. For the first time he now found himself in a position where industry and capacity might command consid- erable returns, and his indefatigable and well-directed labor and enterprise bore immediate fruits in an increase of sales. He soon became sole owner of the house, adding from time to time new lines of commodities to the original stock of newspapers, etc., so that almost before he knew it he was handling great quantities of standard stationery, photograph albums, en- gravings, bronzes, statuary, etc. The following summer a handsome store was opened in the Goodrich block and stocked with choice lines of books, stationerv, engravings, paintings, frames, notions, and fancy goods. This enterprise, also, proved successful. The same year he took the selling agency for the Glasgow writing papers. In 1S66 he became president of the Powers & Prown Paper Company, formerly the old Perkshire Mills of Dalton, but ere many months withdrew and with J. H. Apjileton purchased the controlling interest in the Riverside Paper Company of Holyoke, and sold his interest to Mr. Ap])leton two years later. In the mean time, in conjunction with the Agawam National Bank, Mr. Powers became one of the builders and owners of the su])erb granite building on Main street between Lyman street and the railroad in Springfield, whither he removed his book, stationery, and printing house from the Goodrich block, remaining there for several years, when, more space being required, he removed to the well-known Powers Paper Companv's building on Lvman street, built by the Wason Manufacturing Company. Even this, however, finally proved inadequate, and last March the Powers Paper Company removed to Holyoke in order to concentrate business, increase facilities, and promptly fill orders. A large building adjoining the Connecticut River Paper Company's mill on third canal level at the railroad bridge was erected for the purpose, and this company now owns and operates the only plant in the countrv that, starting from the rag, manufactures writing papers, pads, envelopes, and papeteries under one roof, besides conducting a com]iiete and extensive printing department on the ]ircmiscs for the jiroduction of note, letter, and bill-heads, statements, circulars, and commercial jirinting generally of the best grade and first-class style. The mill itself is thoroughlv e(|ui]i]ied with all ai)]5roved modern appliances for making choicest loft-dried pajiers, grading from fine to e.xtra ledger, which are quoted at lowest market prices, quality guaranteed. Tlieir customers are in everv state of the Union, South America, and Mexico. Mr. Powers' business and private offices are commodious and magnificently apjiointed — probably in all resj^ects the finest in the State west of Boston, and fitted u]) with every con- ceivable convenience and facility for the rapid and accurate transaction of business. He resides in .S]iringfield, where he still conducts the I'owcrs News ComiJany with store in the Massasoit House basement, doing a business of Sioo,ooo or more annually. Mr. Powers is a prominent rejiresentative citizen, has served thrice in the city council and once as alderman, was mayor of the city two vears, member of the Governor's Council two years, one of the founders and president of the Ilamiiden Park .\ssociation, treasurer of the National Trotting Association, is a director of the .\gawam National Bank, of the Massachu- setts Mutual Life Insurance Company, of the Electric Eight Comi>any, and of the Wason Manufacturing Company. He is also president and treasurer of the Connecticut River Paper Company of Holyoke. 142 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. W- INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. H3 MASSASOIT PAPER MANUFACTURING CO. E. C. Rogers, President and Treasurer; C. B. Wells, Secretary and Superin- tendent — Manufacturers of Loft-Dried Writing Papers — Bigelow Street, near Dwight, Holyoke, Mass. This company is the successor of the Greenieaf tv: Taylor Manufacturing Company, whose mill was erected in 18^3 at Huntington. In 1S70 the name was changed to the Massasoit Paper Manufacturing Company, and in 1S72 the new mill at Holyoke was erected and capital increased to $300,000. The main structure is of brick, 52 x 192 feet, four stories in height, also stock-house, 30 x 40 feet, four stories in height, with L 16 x 30 feet, and two machine rooms, each 30 x 90 feet, two stories in height. There are three boilers, two of 60-horse-power and one of 80-horse-power ; nine rag engines, one of 1,000, five of 600, and three of 500 pounds capacity, and two 79-inch Fourdrinier machines. The mill is fitted up with automatic sprink- lers, fine hydrants, and electric lights, utilizes four mill powers, employs 175 hands, disburses $7,000 per month in wages, and turns out an average of five tons per day of sujierior loft-dried writing jiapers, running on orders exclusively and sliippinr "" ''" -—-1- : — n -> ^ .!_•_. ..-i. utincT centers. to the trade in all the great distrib- I'residcnt Rogers is a resident of Springfield and ranks with the most enterprising citizens of inland Massachusetts. He is a director of the John Hancock National Bank of Springfield, and of the Springfield Electric Light Company. J. F. SULLIVAN, Dealer in Fresh and Salt Meats, Garden Produce, etc. — No. 140 High St. Jeremiah Francis Sullivan requires no introduction to the jieople of this comnumitv, among whom he has lived for nearly fortv years. He was l^orn at Dursev Island, County Cork, Ireland, and came to this country in' 1849. After a short residence at Providence, R. I., he removed to Holyoke, and has been here ever since. In 1S56 he engaged in the butchering and meat market business, subsequently adding the handling of fresh vegetables, and pros- 144 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. pered in trade. In 1S62 he located at his present place, and afterward became associated with .Mr. James F. Allyn, who retired in 1SS4. Mr. .Sullivan does a large and profitable business. He was married in 1S64 to Miss Kate E. Dower, and is the i)roud father of five promising children — two sons and three daughters. The eldest son, Frank, assists his father, and the eldest daughter, Clair II., is a student at the Cooper Institute, New York, art department. The family reside in their own home, Xo. 275 Dwight street. Mr. Sullivan is a popular citizen. For fifteen years he was an assessor, for eight years chairman of the board, and for two years a member of the board of overseers. In December. 18SS, he was the Democratic candidate for Mayor, with Mr. James H. Wylie for an opponent, and was elected by 1,231 majority out of 3,600 votes cast — 631 more than Cleveland's majoritr. He was installed in office January 1, was re-elected in December, 1SS9, and is giving the peopje a vigorous and satisfactory administration. EXCELSIOR PAPER COMPANY, Manufacturers of Machine Finish Book Papers — Third Level of Canal. The J„>ieclsior paper mill was erected in 1S72-73 bv Messrs. Moses and James II. Newton, who in .\pril of the latter year sold it to J. li. Warren and K. C. Dickinson. In the following December, Mr. Warren disposed of his interest to Dickinson &: Mayo of Springfield, who conducted tiie establishment until early in 1889, when the present company, composed of Messrs. Henry .S. Dickinson, William H. Clark, and Ceorge II. .Smith, was organized. The buildings were ])artially destroyed by fire in 1SS4, but reconstructed and greatly improved. As it now stands the K.xcelsior mill is of brick, three-and-a-half stories in height, with machine-room, 35x115 feet, rag engine-room, 30 x 90 feet, boiler-house, 20 x 35 feet, bleaching- house, 20 X 35 feet, office (beautifully finished in hard wood), 28 x 30 feet, and two-story stor- age warehouse, 20 x 30 feet — a model book jjajier mill in all respects, using two mill powers and running four Soo-pound rag engines, and one 62-inch paper machine with a producing capacity of four tons per cliem. A relay of power is j^rovided for bv a 40-horse-power steam engine, three 60-horse-power boilers sujjplying steam therefor and for heating purposes. Fifty hands arc employed, the mill producing four tons of high-grade machine-finish book papers, in all sizes, weights, and tints, daily. (^^ m (B, k m =«) "•■ ■t??^ iz^-^z^ "»%'*'^' (a' f w ^a) CHICOPEE. "T^HE first permanent settlement on the site of Chicopee was made in ■^ 1660; in 1750 Uie place received its name, and in 1848 was incorpo- rated. The village is situated on the south bank of the Chicopee river at its confluence with the Connecticut, three-and-a-half miles north of Springfield; and its mills and factories obtain power from the first-named stream, a rapid water-course which in a distance of two or three miles has a fall of seventy feet. The Connecticut River railroad passes through the place, and a branch extends up the river a mile and a half to Chicopee Falls. Manufacturing at this point was inaugurated by the erection of a blast furnace and hollow ware foundry in 1787, followed later by paper and cotton mills. At present Chicopee is an important industrial center, producing great quantities of machinery, bicycles, tricycles, sewing machines, locks, cutlery, bronze statuary, cotton goods, etc. The public schools, supplemented by a free public library, are first-class, capably managed and well attended. There is one bank of discount — the First, capital $150,000, surplus $52,000 — and one savings bank, the Chicopee, with a great number of patrons and deposits exceeding $500,000. The streets, somewhat irregular, are well kept and well lighted; a capable police force and well appointed fire department look out for the safety of life and propert}^ and, on the whole, there are few more pleasant villages than Chicopee. Population about 6,000. FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CHICOPEE. Emerson Gaylord, President; F. B. Doten, Cashier — Chicopee, Mass. This bank, originally established in 1S45 as the Cabot Bank, a State institution, was reor- ganized and chartered under the National banking act in 1865, and has proved a useful and influential member of the grand sisterhood that during the past twentv-seven years has lifted the American banking system from the lowest to the highest place of any in' the world, has contributed largely to the development of the village and the prosperity of the community, exhibiting great liberality toward every enterprise that gave promise of adding to the general welfare. The banking rooms, 40 x 50 feet, neatly fitted up and attractive, are the resort of great numbers of leading business men and others, the institution doing a general banking business in all branches — loans, deposits, discounts, domestic and foreign exchange, collections, etc. Herewith is presented the ofiticial statement to the Comptroller of the Currency, of date September 30, 1889: — LIABILITIES. Capital stock paid in $150,000 00 Surplus fund 52,000 00 Undivided profits 8,8oS g6 National bank notes outst.Tudin;; 35,320 00 Dividends unpaid 6,894 00 Individual deposits subject to clieck 127,712 52 Demand certificates of deposit 15,812 00 Due to other national banks 284 69 RESOURCES. Loans and discounts $296,620 49 Overdrafts secured and unsecured . 123 52 U. S. bonds to secure circulation 40,000 00 Other stocks, bonds, and mortgages Due from approved reserve agents Due from other national banks Checks and other cash items Bills of other banks Specie Legal tender notes Redemption fund with U. .S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circulation) Total $396,832 17 President Gaylord is a native of South Iladley and Cashier Doten of Western Afassachu- setts. The board of directors is composed of leading influential citizens. 11,022 .SO 25.970 76 2,499 '7 25S 90 ',494 00 9.>42 «3 7,900 00 1,800 00 Total $396,832 17 CHICOPEE FALLS TS a Nourishing village of 4,000 or more inhabitants, situated on both ^ sides of the Chicopee river, one-and-a-half miles above its mouth and five miles north of Springfield. A bridge just below the first fall (now converted into a dam ) connects the two halves of the place, and pedes- trians passing to and fro have a charming view of the river, the fall over the dam, and the rapids below — checked by another dam at a lower level. There is ample water power, utilized by numerous factories whence are turned out a great volume and variety of products, including bicycles, tricycles, agricultural implements, machinists' tools, firearms, cotton goods, and light machinery. Excellent police and fire departments, well lighted and cleanly streets, four first-class public schools, a parochial school, a sufficiency of churches, and a pervading air of industry and thrift create a favorable impression that is confirmed by a stroll through the factories and a view of the suburbs with their handsome villas and cosy cottage homes. THE OVERMAN WHEEL CO. A. H. Overman, President; Luther White, Vice-President — Manufacturers of Victor Bicycles — Retail Salesrooms, Boston and Washington ; Offices and Factory, Chicopee Falls, Mass. Though the name " Victoi- " may convey to the mind of the reader mucli of the e.xcellence of the bicycle bearing it, it will no doubt be of interest to many to hear a word in regard to the jM-oduction of these seemingly perfect pieces of mechanical construction. The Overman Wheel Company have now in operation in Chicopee Falls, Mass., perhaj^s the most complete and best equipped bicycle factory in the world. Exactness and precision in methods and execution produce perfect and uniform results. This idea is a leading one in every department, and its results are everywhere apparent. From an original building two stories in height, and covering an area of perhaps 6,000 feet, the plant has grown until it now consists of a main building of five stories and basement, constructed of pressed brick, and having a frontage on Springfield street of 150 feet and a depth of 50 feet, with two diverging wings, in tliemselves more than double the size of the original structure. For the purpose of producing the best bicycles in the world, we find gathered here a collection of machinerv unrivaled for its variety and perfect adaptation to various uses. It has always been a belief on the part of the Overman Wheel Company that the surest way to make the machines they desired to make (that is, the best in every sense) was bv the use of the finest and most modern machinery in all departments. Hence, their hundreds of employes are enabled to produce results, both in (piality and quantity, which would otherwise be impossible. The establishment gives one the impression of completeness and of intelligent and well- directed energy which must achieve admirable results. As mentioned above, the company have houses in I'oston and Washington, but the execu- tive offices are located at the factory at Chicojiee Falls. They are sit'uatetl on the second floor of the main building and are models in their way. Commodious, jierfectlv and even elegantly appointed, they afford every facility for "doing business "with efficiencvand case. 'I"he comjiany claim the distinction of having been the first American makers of high grade cycles, and are justly proud of this, and of their steady and rapid growth in the art. Their latest success is the Victor .Safety bicycJej in which is" used the only perfect anti- vibration device yet developed. This is a masterpiece in itself and well deserves the prefer- ence it enjoys in the minds of the cycling public. 148 T. C. INLAND MASSACHUSF.TTS II.I.rSTRATr.n. MASSACHUSETTS ARMS COMPANY. Page, President ; T. W. Carter, Treasurer — Manufacturers of Maynard Patent Breech-Loading Rifles and Shot-Guns — Chicopee Falls. 'I'lie Maynard ritle made its early ie])iitati(ni many years ago, and plaved no unimportant part in the great civil war, when a force of three hundred men was busily engaged in its manufacture for certain branches of the military service. Since then the company has not urgently pushed sales, contenting itself with adding improvements from time to time until now the Maynard as a target and hunting rifle has no superior and few equals. A new and superb style of breech-loading siiot-gun has also been perfected, a gun which ])erforms well under any and all circumstances, and has ac(|uitted itself creditably in competition with many of the most celebrated high-]5riccd weapons of American and English make. The Massachusetts Arms Companv, incorporated with 570,000 cajiital in 1S50, bv special act of tlie Massachusetts Legislature, occu])ics a portion of the J.amb Knitting .Machine Com- pany's works, emjiloys ten skillful and experienced armorers, and, provided with superior machinery, turns out large numbers of fire-arms, which are sold by rejiutable American and foreign dealers. The officers are named in our caption. President I'age is treasurer and Treasurer Carter president of the J.amb Knitting Machine Company. THE SHERMAN "KING" VAPORIZER COMPANY, Manufacturers of the Sherman "King" Vaporizer — Chicopee Falls. Perfect ventilation has thus far proved unattainable, notwithstanding tiie researches of scientists and the i)ersevering efforts of architects and builders. As a consecpicnce the air of all occupied buildings is more or less vitiated and the health of the inmates necessarily suffers. The only effective remedy that has ever been discovered is found in the wonderful Sher- man " King" va]3orizcr, a jiractically ])erfect disinfecting device manufactured by the Sherman " King " Vaporizer Company of Chicopee Falls. Our engraving conveys a fair idea of the vaporizer charged and ready for use. The work, silent, invisi- ble, and comi)lcte, is jierformed by the vapor of a volatile chem- ical, which becomes incorjiorated with and thoroughly disinfects the atmosjjhere of anv building or a))artnient, however foul or imwholesomc. The case, similar in form to that of a water- > oilier, is niaile of iron and contains a porous cup or reservoir which, when charged, absorbs a sufficient cjuantity of the chem- ical to hist for several months. Fully charged jirevious to deliverv, the disinfectant sinks into the substance of which the reservoir is comiiosed, and is invisil>le and incapable of being spilled or wasted even if the vajiorizer is taken to ]>ieces. The volatile chemical employed is compounded bv a secret ]irocess, is absohitelv harmless to handle, is su])plic(l by all agents, and costs but little — ai)out three cents ])er month for each machine. Once charged, the a])paratus requires no further attention until the chemical is exhausted, when a child can refill it in a few seconds. The technical name of the fluid is carbo-cressol, and there is no kiiown substitute. The machine is made in three sizes. Xo. i, price $3.50, is for use in a single sleeping apartment or sick chamber. Xo. 2, price S5.00, is of capacity sufficient for a single privy. i'KiNG CHICbPFE FALLS. MA5^ INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 149 uiiiKiI, bath-room, or dwelling of ten rooms. No. 3, ]5n'ce $8. 00, is designed for use in the urinals, closets, and waiting-rooms of railroad stations, schools, hotels, public buildings, churches, theaters, hospitals, factories, etc., and may be employed in any desired number, luther size of this device is an effective and recognized aid to and substitute for ventilation. No. 2, for example, will thoroughly disinfect and purify the air of the worst privy or urinal in the space of one calendar day, rendering the place wholesome and destroying all bad smells. The same results follow its use in a sick-room or hospital ward, and, placed in the lower hall of a dwelling, the vapor penetrates to and purifies every nook and cranny of the house. The Sherman " King " Vai:>orizer Company is well equiijped with manufacturing facilities, and is fast building up a vast trade, sales multiplying at a gratifying rate. T. C. Page, Esq., president of the Massachusetts Arms Company, and treasurer of the Lamb Knitting Machine Company, is manager. J. STEVENS' ARMS AND TOOL CO. Joshua Stevens, President; J. E. Taylor, Treasurer and Agent; I. H. Page, Secretary — Manufacturers of Stevens' Rifles, Shot-Guns, Reloading Tools, Sights, Shells, and Fine Machinists' Tools — P. O. Box No. 5900, Chicopee Falls, Mass. The history of fire-arms is full of interest to those who, putting aside senti- mentalitv, note the influence of invention upon the progress of the human race. The victories gained for civilization over barbarism during the past five centuries would have been impossible without gunjjowder, for the vanguard of enlighten- ment has ever been few in numbers, and only by force of superior arms and discipline has it been enabled to gain a foothold among savages and plant upon the soil of new continents the banners of progress, culture, intellectual and moral freedom, and even of religion. But the clumsy flint-lock blunderbuss, musket, and rifle of even so recent a date as the beginning of the present century is alreadv anti(piated, and specimens are sought and treasured as curiosities. The era of real improvement in fire-arms may be said to have begun about fifty years ago, and has steadilv advanced until the latest styles of rifles and shot-guns of our day may be safely pronounced practically perfect as regards range, precision, penetration, ease and rapidity of manipulation, strength, durability, lightness, and beauty of workmanship, while prices are remarkably low, excellence con- sidered, as is exemplified in the Stevens arms. The Stevens' target and sporting rifles, pistols, and shot-guns are too wel and favorably known to require detailed description at our hands. They have been before the public for a long term of years and have never failed to render satisfaction. Improvements have been made in the method and style of con- struction from time to time, until these arms may now be fairly pronounced the marksman's and sportsman's ne plus ultra, used evervwhere in this and foreign countries, and the most perfect weapons for practice and sporting purposes ever devised. The firm of J. Stevens & Co. was established in 1869, ^^'^^ ^^'^s in all respects successful industrially and financially. In 18S6 the present company — the J. Stevens Arms and Tool Company — was organized and incorporated with 540,000 i)aid-up capital stock. The plant at Chicoj^ee Falls is quite comprehensive and occupies two fine buildings, four stories, 27 .X 60 feet, and three stories, 27 x 56 feet respectivelv, well equipped with improved special machinery in all departments, run by both water power and steam, and giving employment to more than fiftv men. The whole is heated by steam, lighted by electricity, and fitted up with electric annunciators and bells connecting all departments with the office. This company, while devoting most of its attention to the manufacture of the fire-arms named, also produces all requisite accessories for the same — duplicate parts, long-ran'j;e sights, pee]) and telescoj^e sights, globe sights. Vernier and wind-gauge sights, leather and canvas cases and covers, cartridge belts, shot and l)ullet cartridges of brass and paper, cartridge shells, wads, reloading implements, bullet-moulds, targets, etc. In their tool department are made a variety of fine implements for the use of mechanics, among them all the novelties in calijiers and dividers, Stevens' ]iatent " Ivxact" surface gauge, Stevens' "Ideal " patent combined nut and washer, patent doulilelij) countersink, patent combination gauge, patent combined caliper and divider, etc. Corres])ondence is invited, m \ , orders iiromi)tly filled, and satisfaction guaranteed. 9 \i 1^ I50 INI, AM) MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. LAMB KNITTING MACHINE COMPANY. T. W. Carter, President; T. C. Page, Treasurer— Manufacturers of Lamb's Patent Knitting Machines — Chicopee Falls. \() other similar machine has ever achieved a tithe of the celebrity and reputation which attaches to the Lamb Knitting machine, because it is the only ])ractical machine of the kind adapted to the use of fanulies and small manufacturers, di>ing work equal to any executed by the most complicated and expensive machine, while its cheapness and simplicity ])lace it within the reach of all classes of people. It therefore steadily grows in popularity. The Lamb Knitting .Macliine Company, capital $200,000, was in- corporated in 1S67, and has proved an exceptionally successful enterprise, tiic macliines going to all parts of the world, and having an e.xtraordinarv sale in Continental l'Airo])e, where domestic economv is -, _ practiced in its utmost i:erfection. 'i'he factorv is a ^Ji^^^^ commotlious and attractive structure, built of brick, Vii^^^m '""' ^^"''''-■* '" height, 75 .X 300 feet, gives emi)lovment ^" \ to ninety machanics, and is equipped witii a magniti- cenl complement of machinery, etc., nuich of it of special and uni([nc design and construction, rim bv 80-horsc water-power and a 6o-horse-])owcr steam engine. The ofifice is a gem of neatness and good taste, finished in hard woods, decorated in stained glass, and provided with all possible conveniences, and brilliantly lighted by gas. President Carter, a resident of Chicopee Falls for si.xty years, is treasurer of the Massachusetts Arms Company, 'i'reasurcr Page, who is president of the company just named, has lived here for twenty-three vears. ~Aj^\ THE BELCHER & TAYLOR AGRICULTURAL TOOL COMPANY. W. P. McFarland, President; James E. Taylor, Secretary; George S. Taylor, Treasurer; Andrew Gale, Superintendent — Manufacturers of Improved Farm Implements and Machinery — Chicopee Falls. The germ of this flourishing conqiany was the invention, in 1S49, by a Veriuont genius, of a simple form of feed-cutter, which he dubbed the " Yankee Blade." It was not until the summer of 1852 that the late Hildad 15. licicher of Chicopee Falls examined the impleiuent and decided to engage in its manufacture and sale, which he comiuenced in the fall of the same year. It was not long until he had so much inqiroved the " IMade " that the name was changed to "the self-sharpening feed-cutter" — a reverse motion and the application of oil and emery performing that operation. Mr. Helchtr made a study of the feed-cultcr, and soon took the lead in the niainifacture of cylinder machines for that innpose. .So satisfactory became his ]n"oducts, both in cpialitv and appearance, that the trade ii\ or the service. A superb livery establishment is connected with the house, and hacks connect with trains, transferring patrons and their baggage free of charge. Rates are cpiite moderate — $2 jierday. Mr. Homer C. Strong, who succeeded liis father in the direction and ownership of this pojnilar house on the first of last May, is a prominent attorney. He was succeeded by Mr. P. C. Sawyer, who took charge Xovemlier i. Mr. Sawyer, a native of Templeton, Mass., lias had large experience in hotel keejjing during the jiast twenty-five years, having kept the City 156 INLAND MASSACHLSKIIS 1 Ll.US 1 KATKl). Hotel at Keeiie, N. H., from 1881 to 1883, the Hampshire House at Ware for two years, tlie 1 reiiiuiit House at Wincheiulon for two and a half years, and the Warren Hotel at \Varreii for two antl a halt years. Chester Strong, born at Southampton, Mass., and his brother Hervey, came to Palmer in 1S40, and at once engaged in trade here and at Monson. He was postmaster imder the Har- rison-Tvler administration, and second agent of the Western (now Hoston & Albany) railroad. He erected Strong's block in 1849; it was destroyed by the great fire of 1S51, but was imme- diately rebuilt, together with the Nassowanno House and a fine residence at 'I'horndike and Kast avenues. In the later years of his life he was engaged in the insurance business. His brother Hervcv co-operated with him in all his entcr|)rises, never married, and died in 1862. Chester Strong married Lucv Cooke of ICasthampton, the only issue being Homer C. Strong, who, on the death of his father, succeedeil to the estate. PALMER WIRE MANUFACTURING COMPANY. J. S. Holden, President ; Henry L. Holden, Vice-President ; Henry P. Holden, Treasurer; O. J. Stockwell, Superintendent — Manufacturers of Wire from Iron, Bessemer, and Cast Steel — Palmer. The I'alnier Wiie .Manufacturing Companv was organized in M.iv, 1SS6, capital 56o,coo. and has already achieved fame for the e.xcellence of its ])roducts, anil built up a trade that embraces all the states, Canada and Cuba. 'I'lie works comprise three buildings — one of two stories, 50 x 120 feet, frame; one of one story, 60 x 150 feet, brick ; and one of one story. 40 X 1 50 feet, frame ; connected with which are the necessary warehouses. The equipment is first-class, and includes the latest and best imi)roved rolling, wire-drawing, and flattening machinery in great variety, driven l>y a 1 50-horse-power steam engine. Si.xty men are em])loyecl. and the outjiut of wire of all kinds is veiy large and steadily increasing, the specialties includ- ing the higher grailes in all gauges of iron, Jiessemer, and cast steel wire, tinned and spring steel wire and other salable goods. Treasurer Henry I'- Holden is senior member of Holden & Fuller, woolen goods manufact- urers of Palmer; President J. S. Holden is owner of the Leonartl woolen mills, liennington. Vt. ; Superintendent Stockwell is a practical wire manufacturer of long and varied e.\i)erience. HOLDEN & FULLER, Manufacturers of Ladies' Woolen Dress Goods — On line of New London Railroad, Palmer. A representative house in the manufacture ot woolen dress goods is Holden i\: Fuller. (Henry P. Holden, Charles II I'uller), established 18S3. Their plant on the line of the New London Northern railroad is cpiite extensive, and ranks with the most complete in the coun- try. The mill proper is (jf brick, four stories in height, 48 x 100 feet, fitleil up with four sets of cards and nineteen broad looms, automatic sprinklers and gas fixtures. Coimected there- with are commodious dve, dresser, jiicker, engine, and boiler rooms, two warehouses, etc., and the machinerv is driven bv a ninetv-horse-power steam engine. The working force numbers fiftv, and 22,ooo yards of choice woolen dress goods in ])laicls and stripes are produced monthlv. These fabrics are sold direct to the jobbing trade at market quotations, experience having demonstrated the unwisdom of selling on commission. Mr. Fuller devotes his tmdi\'ded attention to the management of this mill, while Mr. Holden, who is treasurer of the Palmer Wire Manufacturing Company and interesteil in other enterprises, is necessarily absent much of the time. TOWN OF MONSON. SOI.DIKRS .MONIMI \ I . (rresented to tlie Town of Monson by Cviiis W. Holmes. Sr.) MONSON. AN IDEAL NEW ENGLAND TOWN AND VILLAGE EARLY SETTLEMENT- NATURAL ADVANTAGES — GROWTH AND DEVELOP.MENT INDUSTRIES AND COMMERCE. A BOUT the year 1657 one Richard Fellows received from the general court a grant of 200 acres of land along the Chicopee river in the western part of what was then the town of Brimfield, upon obligating himself to es- tablish and maintain for a period of seven years a tavern for entertainment of trav- elers. The house — probably a log building — was erected near the confluence of Chic- opee brook with the river of the same name, but was abandoned on the outbreak of Indian hostilities long before the seven years had expired. Attention had, how- ever, been attracted to the excellent farm- ing lands in the valley and vicinity, and immigration continued steadily for more than a hundred years, when in 1760 it w^as made a separate district of 360 inhab- itants under its present name. conferred in honor of the then president of the British board of trade. October 20, 1775, Monson was incorporated, and "y-y- . the spirit of the people is dis- .^S;;.; played in the generous man- ^■^% ner in which the history of the time credits them with acting in the great crisis then pend- ing, the outbreak of hostili- ties with the mother countrv. FI.VNT FOUNTAIN. Then, as in every war since, Monson signalized her patriotism by liberal contributions of men, money, and supplies. In the civil war — 1861-65 — Monson was represented in the Union army by 155 men, of whom twen- tv-nine died in the service, of disease or wounds. Their names are i6o IM.ANU MAhSACULM-. 1 IS 1 1.I.LSIKAIKD. inscribed upon tablets in the Memorial hall, and their devoiiun cnm- memorated by a monument of Ryetjate a^raiiite fortv-six feet in height, surmounted by an ideal statue of the American volunteer infantrv-man, the whole the personal gift of Cyrus \V. Holmes, lisq., at whose expense M>Juuw^lttWllIlWlt!|IIIMIIWlUuI|ttWllll|Ul^llUllWUWUMUIIUIMIMIWM . ii^' ScfX.;/.' I.i 'a^ Mi.Mi iki \i. \:\ II, dim;. it was erected, tlio dedication ceremonies taking place. Iulv4, 1S84. This was the crowning glory of a long and i)usy life, which nevertheless has ever found time to think for and help 1)V precept, example, labor, and money the c<)mmimit\' in which he cast his lot more than sixlv vears ago, IM.AM) MASSACHUSET'lS ILLUSIK ATKI). i6i when he came hither to take charge of the Hampden Manufacturing Companx-'s books. He is a native of North Stonington, Conn., born November 24, 1801, was agent of tb.e company for twenty-tive years up to 1866, and clerk up to the time of dissolution in 1875. In 1868, witli his sons Cvrus W., jr., and Robert B. as partners, he estab- Hshed the firm of C. W. Hohues & Sons, acquired the West Branch and Center mills, and remained at the head of the concern until 1872, when lie retired permanently from business. Robert B. Holmes died in 1870. Cyrus W. Holmes, jr., who retiretl from active business in 1883, is one of Monson's most prominent and liberal citizens. Of Monson's public buildings the most conspicuous are the Horatio Lvon Memorial library, Memorial hall (both illustrated herewith), and the Monson academy, all enduring monu- ments to the public spirit of the people and constructed of Monson granite from the W. N. Flynt Granite Com- pany's q u a r r i e s, de- scribed further along. The old academy, founded in 1804, was burned to the ground in May, 1885, but within a year was rebuilt upon greatly enlarged plans and is now one of the most commodious as well as one of the most famous schools of its class in New England. The Lyon Memorial, erected by Mrs. C. W. Dale in hfinor of her father, was dedicated March 28, 1882, is a superb structure, and contains some 5,000 or 6,000 volumes of choice literature to which the public has free access. The Memorial building is the result of a movement on the part of the Soldiers' Memorial Association on the one hand and of the citizens for a town hall on the other. R. M. Reynolds donated the land, the town paid for the structure proper, and then Messrs. J. L., R. M., and Theodore Reynolds— father and sons — fitted up and furnished it at their own expense. It was made ready and occupied in 1885. Marcus Keep Post, G. A. R., has spacious and elegant rooms on the second floor, while the upper story is set apart as a great public hall. Among the note- worthy embellishments for which the village is indebted to private NKW UNlVKRSALI.Sr CHURCH. l62 IMAM) .MA».\CIirsi I IS II.I.USTRATKU. munificence is the Cusliman fountain, also of tjranite, erected by S. F. Cushman. Esq. Of handsome and commodious churches and schools there are a number, all well attended, for Monson is an orderly and moral IIOKAIIO l.VON MKMOKIAI, I.ir.RARV INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSI'RATF.l). 163 :ommiinity. The new Universalist Church, corner Main and Lincoln streets, of Monson prranite, dedi- :ated December 3, 1889, is iilus- :rate(l on page 161. Mr. W. N. Flynt, the famous yranite quarry owner, in 1883 opened to the town forty acres of picturesque ground, which is al- ready a beautiful park and being constantly improved at Mr. Flynt's expense, he having set aside a fund ;he interest of which is devoted to hat purpose. He also presented ;o the town the handsome Flynt ountain, of which we present an Migraving. He succeeded his ather in the quarry business in :839, and is now president of the iV.N. Flynt Granite Company. He is he oldest surviving trustee of the Lcademy, was long treasurer of hat institution, for thirty years own treasurer, projector and first )resident of the Monson bank, was L member of the Legislature in 848, i860, and 1S61, a member of he executive council under Gov- ;rnors Andrew and Bullock, and ilternate delegate to the Chicago _J :onvention of 1888 that nominated benjamin Harrison, for whose "^S^ ather he voted in 1840. Monson's industries date from :8oo, when the first carding mill vas started by Asa Gates. This plant passed into the hands of the VIonson Woolen Manufacturing Company in 1803. About this time feremiah Bumstead began in a small way the manufacture of bar iron rom scrap and bog iron obtained in the vicinity. Roswell Merrick commenced the manufacture of cotton yarn in 181 1, and the Hampden Cotton Company started its mill in 1814, subsequently changing its name ;o the Monson Woolen Company and turning its attention to woolen "abrics in 1846. The Hampden Cotton Company's second mill was started in 1829. Joseph L. Reynolds built one mill in 1837, and another n 1859 on the present site of the Rockland mill. Merrick & Fay began ;he manufacture of palm-leaf hoods in 1838, and from that germ has yrown the present great straw hat industry. The W. N. Flynt Com- Dany's great quarries are situated a mile distant from the village center, ind are among the most valuable in the State. There are two banks lere — the Monson National, capital $150,000, and the Monson Savings aank, deposits $500,000 or more. Monson is situated on the line of the New London Northern railway, in Hampden county, four miles south of Palmer and seventeen miles ;ast of Springfield. The surroundings are delightful, the community refined and educated above the general standard of even New England. CUSHMAN FOUNTAIN. !-i* _ ,^ J^^S ■ .|/;f\iiM INLAND MASSACHUSKl TS ILLUSTRATED. 165 W. N. FLYNT GRANITE CO., Quarriers, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Granite — Monson. These celebrated quarries are situated one mile noith of the center of the town, and are connected with the New London Northern railroad b\- the (iranite Company's private track, two miles in length. The first building stone quarried here was taken out by the United States government, and used in the construction of the Springfield armory and arsenal. In 1S24 Rufus Flynt purchased one hundred and fifty acres of land embracing the granite deposit, which he continued to develop until 1839, when he was succeeded by his son, W. N. Flynt, who prosecuted the business on his own account until the organization and incorjioration of the present comi)any in 18S5 with $100,000 capital stock. The deposit is worked systematically and with the best modern machinery and apjiliances, such as a six-driver locomotive, stone-crushers, steam derricks, etc., the outjuit averaging 35,000 tons i^er annum, which is shipised by rail to all parts (jf the country and used for archi- tectural, monumental, and other purposes. The rock is divided by natural cleavage faces into horizontal layers from one to twelve feet in thickness, and a stone of any desired size can be obtained. The largest piece yet quarried was 354 feet long, 11 feet wide, and 48 inches high. In detaching it from the main ledge 1,104 wedges were used. Professor Niles of the Massa- chusetts Institute of Technology was greatly interested in this enormous stone; he visited the quarry several times while it was being worked, and subsequently published a book concern- ing the famous Monson quarry. The stone of this quarry is of two varieties — one a mottled white and the other a beautiful dark blue, both capable of taking a high polish. We append a list of some of the more promi- nent buildings that have been built of Monson granite : Horatio Lyon ^lemorial Library and .Memorial Town Hall, Monson ; the old Kepuhlican block, Boston & Albany railroad building, Agawam bank. County Court House, Dr. Corcoran's house on Maple street and A. L. Fennessv's on Crescent hill, Cooley's hotel and Rude's new block, Springfield; City Hall, Holyoke; Universalist church. Palmer; G. Henry Whitcomb's residence, and two business blocks, Worcester; Boston & Albany railroad dejjots at Boston and Palmer; Walker Hall, Amherst College, Amherst ; fronts of St. Francis Xavier church. Sixteenth street, the new Isabella Home, One Hundred and Ninetieth street, and the pastoral residence, corner of Eighty-fourth street and Fourth avenue. New York citv; Catholic church, Norwich, Conn. ; Hall Memorial chapel, Watertown, Conn. ; South Park Ave. M. E. church, Chicago, 111. ; the Doininican monastery. Hunter's Point, N. Y. The granite for the new hotel buildings at \Vare and Warren, Mass., and the stone for Judge Henry Hilton's mansion, Saratoga Springs, X. Y., are from this famous quarrv. The stone for the imposing tomb, in Woodland Cemetery, of O. D. Mumi, senior partner of the firni of Munn & Co., New York citv, was also furnished bv this companv, and it is sending granite as far west as Topeka, Kan., and Keokuk, Iowa. The companv makes a specialtv of stone for bridge-work, and furnishes an immense amount of curbing, the latter at the rate of si.\ miles of streets per vear. The past season 250 men have been enq^loyed, and the company is in a prosperous contlition. W. N. Fl}'nt is [iresi- clent ; George C. Flynt treasurer and manager. HAMPSHIRE COUNTY. A C.I.ANCK AT HER l.AKl.V lIlsroRV — llll. MtlTHER OF COUNTIES — PRESENT I.IMirs AND NATURAL 1 i:AiURK> — INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS. /^~\rR chapter on the Connecticut \'alley tells of the settlement of ^-^ Agawam (now Springfield) by William PynclK)n and associates in 16,36, sixteen years after the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. It was not, however, until 1662 tliat Hampshire county was erected by the colonial general court, the territory set apart fur that purpose embracing all of that which now composes Hampshire, Hampden, Franklin and Berkshire, and the western tier of towns of Worcester i:ounty, which towns were added to Worcester in 1731. The same authority set apart Berkshire county in 1761, Hampshire still remaining the largest county in the Commonwealth until iSii, when the Legislature detached the southern third and organizetl Hampden, which act was followed by the erection of the county of Franklin ilic succeeding year, taking the northern half of the territory that remained of the original Hampshire, which county now contains twenty-three towns, viz.: Amherst, Belchet- town, Chesterfield, Cummington, Easthampton, Enfield, Goshen, Granby, Greenwich, Hadley. Hatfield, Huntington, Middlefield, Northampton. Pelham, Plainfield, Prescott, Southampton, South Hadlev, Ware, West- hampton, Williamsburgh, and Worthington. Ap]iropi-iale mention is made further along of such of these towns as are of impoi-tance from an indus- trial point of view. The topography of Hampshire county is of the most attractive character. From north to south, through almost the center of the county, runs the glistening Connecticut, bordered bv a broad and fertile valley that is hemmed in by the hills of Worcester on the I'ast and the more rugged hills on the west, that gradually increase in size and grandeur until they become mingled with and lost among the mount- ains of Berkshire. Scattered here and there in the great \allev are k)fty eminences that command magnilicent views of other aiul more distant mountain ranges in Worcester county, in New Hampshire. Vermont, and New York. The most noted of Hampshire's miniature mountains are Mounts Tom, Holyoke, and Nonotuck, and Sugar-loaf mountain, all of which are much frequented by lovers of natural scenerv and have long since taken their places in song and story. The princi]>al streams that fiow into the Connecticut or turn the mill-wheels and drain the soil of Hampshire are the Mill, Westfield, Miller's, Deerfield, Chico- pee, Manhan, and I-'ort rivers and the Jabish brook — all supplying INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 1 67 unfailing water power and lined with valuable mill sites. The Connecti- cut and other smaller valleys were formed by the deposits left through unnumbered ages by the waters which once covered the countr}^ to a vast depth, forming an arm of the sea after the volcano, the earthquake, and the glacier had performed their parts in preparing this portion of the continent for the occupation of man. The terraced meadows of the Connecticut valley, in which Hampshire county is especially rich, are among the best remaining evidences of the floods that succeeded the glacial epoch, the records of which are written upon the hill-tops every- where. This is, however, a subject with which we have no concern, and therefore leave it to the student of natural phenomena. As a result of the mighty convulsions that marked the ages long be- fore the creation of man, the geological formation of this region is pecul- iar, the strata of rock formation being set upon edge, so to speak, the up- permost being calciferous mica schist, next hydromica schist, then felds- pathic mica schist, the whole underlaid with gneiss — a superior building stone composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica — the most noted quarries being situated in the town of Monson, Hampden county, though it is found in abundance all over Central and Western Massachusetts. Supe- rior sandstones are also plentifully distributed through the valleys. As- bestos is found in the towns of Pelham and Shutesbury, and the hills to the west yield corundum, emery, granular quartz, barytes, galena, zinc, iron and copper pyrites, cerusite, promorphite, stolzite, wulfenite, and cotunnite. The indigenous vegetation is also rich and varied, and the whole region is a fruitful field for the geologist and botanist. The soil of the valleys is fertile and well cultivated, while that of the hillsides is adapted to the growth of various grains and to pasturage, fine crops be- ing produced, together with fruits, wool, milk, butter, and cheese. The earliest recorded grant of land within the present limits of Hamp- shire is dated 1653, and conveys to Samuel Cole of Boston 400 acres at Nonotuck. There is no evidence that Cole ever took possession, but on the 5th of March of the same year John Pynchon, Elizer Holyoke, and Samuel Chapin petitioned the general court to permit the settlement of certain persons not named at a point about fifteen miles above Spring- field, and on the i8th of the same month the request was granted, the petitioners being appointed to divide the lands with the restriction that each planter should have but 100 acres. The commissioners reported, Nov. I, 1654, that they had purchased from the Indians 100 square miles of land for $200 in wampum and divided the same according to instruc- tions. The first settlement was made on the spot where Northampton now stands, October 29, 1654, by Thomas Judd, John King, Joseph Par- sons, and twenty-one others. The plantation was given the Indian name of Nonotuck. NORTHAMPTON. A SKAT OF I.KAk.MN(. AM) M A M I- AC 1 U kl.S. IT is not owr province to descril)e i^arlicularly the events lluil |no U> make up an accurate liistory of Northampton since its settlement. Suffice it to say that the pioneers served God, fouglit the Indian, destroyed the wild beast, conquered the wilderness, cultivated the land and trans- mitted their best qualities to their children as pioneers have done in all new countries since the dawn of civili/cation. Our concern is with the present — with the men, events, and works of our own and recent times. With the passing remark that during the two hundred and thirty-five years since her establishment, Northampton has ever proved herself equal to every emergency of peace or war, establishing and supporting churches, schools, agriculture, the mechanic arts, and "all things that are lovely and of good report," we proceed to give such brief description of RESIDENCK OF FRED. N. KNEELAND, ESQ., Cashier I'irst Nalion.il IJank. the city, its surroundings, and industries as is compatible with our sj-)ace and sources of information. The three great events of this generation that stirred public feeling in Northampton to its deepest depths were : i — The outbreak of civil war in iS6i ; 2— The Mill river disaster of May i6, 1S74: and 3— The great Northampton bank robbery of January 26, \H-j(). The whole read- ing world is familiar with the first of these, in which ■ Northampton bore, through her sons, a conspicuous part ; the second, caused by the burst- ing of the dam at Williamsburgh and the release of a hundred acres of water of great depth, which, rolling down the valley like an immense INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 169 wave, swept before it like chips everything that opposed its progress, trees, fences, barns, farm-houses, the dwellings and factories of the vil- lages along the Mill river valley, and, rolling through Northampton, fi- nally discharged, a roaring flood burdened \n\\.\\ debris, into the Connecticut. The destruction was something; terrible ; not a building of an}^ kind had withstood the fury of the waters ; one hundred dwellings and factories and numberless smaller structures were wrecked, twenty bridges were destroyed, one hundred and thirty-six lives were lost between Williams- burgh and Northampton, and the damage to property was estimated at $1,500,000. The homes and factories along the river are all rebuilt better than before, the dam restored in such form that it may be expected to stand safely for half a century to come, and every sign of the catastrophe has been removed ; but those who witnessed it will never forget the hor- rors of that day. Comparatively little damage w^as done in the city proper, though the suburbs of Florence and Leeds suffered severely. The third event in course of chronology was the most skillfully planned, daring, and successful burglary recorded in the annals of crime, in which the rich and proud old bank was plundered of more than $800,000 in cash and securities, much of which was afterward recovered and two of the thieves sent to state prison ; four escaped capture, and one (the most guilty of all) avoided punishment by turning state's evidence. In a previous chapter it has been shown that the plantation of Nono- tuck (now Northampton) was settled under an act of the general court in 1654. The enterprise flourished from the start, notwithstanding the difficulties and dangers that beset the pioneers from savages and wild beasts and the priva- tions and hardships in- cident to their isolated position, far removed from the older centers of civilization. But they were bold a n d hardy men, a n d the very trials they s u f- fered served to still further develop that courage and independ- ence of character for which they and their descendants have been distinguished. We have not space for a detailed account of the Indian, French, and Revolutionary wars, in wliich the men of those periods performed their full share o'f valorous deeds, as did the later citi- zens of Northampton in the war for the Union, but will proceed to speak of Northampton as she is. The population, by the census of 1885, was 12,896; there has been, of course, some increase since, but probably the town and village do not contain together, at this time, over 15,000 inhabitants. However, as in other matters, it is not quantity but quality that counts in a community, and, judged by that standard, Northampton can afford to smile serenely at the pretensions of some younger rivals, the mushroom offspring of the modern " boom," for her foundations are deep and strong, her prosperitv S.MrrH COLLECE. INl.ANl) MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. a slow and enduring- jj^rowth, and her place fixed in the galaxy of delight- ful rural cities to wiiich New Kngland owes so much of her greatness. The city itself, delightfully situated and handsomely built, is attractive as a place of residence, and full of interest not only for the antiquarian and the historian, but for its various institutions of learning and benevolence, the most important of which are Smith College, the so-called "Smith Charities," the Clarke Institution for Deaf Mutes, the State Lunatic Hospital, the Dickinson Hospital, the Shady Lawn Sanitarium. Memo- rial Hall, the Public Library, the Mary A.Burnham Classical School for Girls, the Round Hill Home School for Girls, a model High School, and a sufficiency of common schools conducted under the svstem that has made Massachusetts famous as the leader in popular education. Smith College, en- dowed by the late Miss Sophia Smith of Hat- field, is a typical insti- tution for the higher education of girls, dedi- cated July, 1875, and j formally opened in the succeeding September. ' The college and be- longings comprise the academic building proper, the observa- tory, the Hillyer an gallery, the music hall, the gymnasium, the Lilly scientific build- ing, and the Hubbard, Dewey, Washburn, Hatfield, and Stoddard houses. The object of the insti- tution, as stated by the founder, is "The establishment and mainte- nance of an institution for the higher education of young women, with the design to furnish them means and facilities for education equal to those which are afforded in our colleges for young men." Through an act of incorporation and charter from the State, the college has full powers "To grant such honorary testimonials, and confer such honors, degrees, and diplomas as are granted or conferred l)y any university, college, or seminary in the United States." The college is not intended to fit woman for a particular sphere or profession, but to perfect her intellect by the best methods which philosophy and experience suggest, so that she may be better qualified to enjoy and to do well her work in life, whatever that work may be. It is a woman's college, aiming not only to give the broad- est and highest intellectual culture, but also to preserve and perfect every characteristic of a complete womanhood. It is a Christian college, con- ducted in the belief that Christian faith is the true source of the highest culture, and that, in the words of the founder. "All education should be for the glory of God." The Mary A. Hurnham Classical School for Girls is preparatory in character, the curriculum embracing Latin. French, (ierman. Knglish his- tory and literature, ancient and modern history, geometry, the elements of natural science, logic, and rhetoric, to which students may elect to add further studies of modern languages, analytical chemistry, mineralogy, geology, astronomy, physics, botany, history, literature, and higher mathematics. ART CAI.l.KKV, SMrni COLLKOE. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 171 The Chirke Institute for Deaf Mutes was endowed b}' John Clarke, a noted Northampton citizen, who set aside $50,000 for the purpose. The institution was chartered in 1867. Miss Harriet B. Rogers, the pioneer teacher of articulation to deaf mutes in America, was made principal, and for several years the school was located in the old Dudley collegiate in- stitute, now the Shady Lawn Sanitarium. The present buildings were finally erected at a cost of $100,000, and occupied, Miss Rogers remaining at the head of the institute for seventeen years, resigning in 1884. Mr. Clarke died in the mean time, and bequeathed an additional $225,250 to the perpetual use of the school. CLARKE INSTITUTE FOR DEAF MUTES. The Smith Charities were founded by the will of Oliver Smith, an eccentric and miserly resident of Hatfield, who died in 1845, ^^^^ making a will, one of the soundest and best ever devised, notwithstanding the heirs subsequently employed in vain eminent legal talent to break it. In that will he provided for a board of trustees, eight in number, to l)e chosen annually, by popular vote, respectively from the towns of Northampton. Hadley, Hatfield, Amherst, Williamsburgh, Deerfield, Greenfield, and Whately, said trustees to manage the estate under the terms of the will. The sum of $200,000 was bequeathed, to be invested and permitted to accumulate until it should amount to $400,000 (which point was attained in a few years), when it was divided, according to the further instructions of the will, into three portions — one of $30,000, to lie until the year 1905 (then to found the Smith agricultural school), one fund of $360,000, the income of which was to be divided each year among worthy apprentices, young women, and indigent widows; the remaining portion constituting a contingent fund to defray expenses. Under the will an apprentice to a trade may draw a loan of $300 from the Charities when he shall have be- come twenty-one years of age, provided his conduct during his apprentice- ship shall have been such as to warrant the trustees in believing that he will make a good use of the money. Upon this loan he is expected to pay 172 INLAND MASSACHUSKTTS ILLLS I RATED. interest for a certain time, which if lie dues, the note he oivcs the Chari- ties for the loan is canceled and the money is given him oiitritrlu. Younjr women receive marriage portions and widows aid in the same way, and many are the individuals who have had good cause to bless the na'nie of Oliver Smith for timely aid received — aid which sometimes has "driven the wolf from the door." Since the will went into effect, in October, 1848, to May I, 1889, there has been paid to the people of the eight towns named for T^^^=^- $33' .707 07 Animities 3:1,674 34 Indigent boys 2X6,500 00 Iniligent female children 1 19.(^69 7; Indigent widows 21 5,Soo 00 Indigent young women ". . . . i i<,,ooo co Total 5i.i05/)5i 16 The total amount of the several funds of the institution, together with the building and lot occupied for the business purposes of the corpora- tion on May i, 1889, was ^1,159.930.58, and is divided among the several funds as follows, viz. : — Joint fund 5627,230 13 Contingent fund ^47,175 71 Agricultural fund i 55,524 74 Hanking house and lot 30.000 00 'rolal ^ 51,159,930 5S Board of trustees: I). \V. rainier, of Amherst: Stolham V.. Allis. of WHiately: 1). \V. Wells, of Hatfield; president, I). \V. Palmer, of Amherst; clerk, George Wright Clark, of Northampton. The State Lunatic Hospital, completed and ■occupied Jidy i, 1858, has since been greatly enlarged and improved, and ranks with the most extensive and skillfully c(Miducted in the I'nited States. Surrounded by some 400 acres of iron-fenced land, the hospital building proper is of brick, four stories in height, 512 feet front, with a rear extension of 190 feet, each floor being one acre in area. I'p to this time about $500,000 has been expended upon land, buildings, and appurtenances, and each year witnesses further additions to the facilitit-s and beauties of the property. Shady Lawn Sanitarium was established in 1874 in the buildings formerly t)ccupied by Dr. Dudley's (iothic Seminary and for three years by the Clarice Institute for Deaf Mutes. The sanitarium is designed for the scientific treatment of wealthy confirmed invalids, and to such it offers every advantage of a luxurious home, delightfid surroundings, and medical attendance such as is afforded by few similar resorts on this continent. The Dickinson Hosi:)ital is another of XorlhamiHon's prominent institutions founded by a life-long resident of Hattield — Caleb Cooley Dickinson, an eccentric character, who, taking a dislike to his relatives, bequeathed his worldly wealth, .^i 00,000, to charity. He died in 1882; his natural heirs contested the will without success, and the residue, after paying court costs and other expenses amounting to about $13,000, was handed over to the trustees. With the $87,000 remaining invested at interest they built the hospital at a cost of $8. 000 — a moderate-sizetl, handsome buildiiiLr. elieiblv and clieerfiillv situated — and deservinir INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 173 unfortunates resident of Northampton, Hatfield, or Whately are received at anv time, treated, nursed, and tended free of charge. Northampton has long been noted as the home and field oi labor of bright, intellectual and enter- prising men who, by sheer force of character, have made themselves prominent in na- tional and state affairs. One of the most energetic and popular of these is Mr. Lewis Warner, county treasurer, president of the Hampshire County National Bank, treas- urer of the Hampshire Coun- ty Savings Bank, and promi- nent in business and politics. Twice the Democratic can- didate for Councilor, he was on both occasions defeated by extremely narrow majori- ties secured by his competi- tors outside of his own coun- t}'. Mr. Warner is a native of Springfield, in the prime of life, and has excellent rea- son to anticipate a long ca- reer of activity and usefulness. His energy is equaled only by his thoroughness, of which his political opponents have had repeated proofs, in the matter of contest and recount of votes. THE PRESS. T/it: Hampshire Gazette is the oldest living newspaper in Western Massachusetts, the first number appearing September 6, 1786, more than one hundred and three years ago. It has passed through many hands, but has steadily improved with age, and is regarded as one of the most respectable and influential newspapers in the interior, having a large circulation and great influence. It is Republican in politics. Gere & Sons, proprietors. The Hampshire County Journal, Wade, Warner &; Co., publishers, was started as the Free Press, a semi-weekly, April 14, i860, by Henry M. Burt. In 1874 the Journal was started. In 1875 A. G. Hill became owner of both papers, which he consolidated. Wade, Warner & Co. leased the plant in 1876. J. E. Styles bought from Mr. Hill in 1882, and December 9, of the same year, the office was burned out. Later the present owners purchased the good-will and re-established the paper, which has flourished since. It is independent in politics. MUXICIPAL. First settled by the white man in 1654, and the permanent seat of justice of Hampshire since the erection of Hampden county in 181 2, Northampton's growth has been slow and substantial, only reaching the LEWIS WARNER. 174 INLAND MASSACHUSKITS ILLUSTRATED. dignity of cityhood in 1884. The municipal government is vested in n Mayor. Board of Aldermen (one member from each of the seven wards), and Common Council — three members from each ward. The civil list includes a city clerk, city treasurer, tax collector, street superintendent, city solicitor, city physician, city auditor, city engineer, city messenger, city hall janitor and lock-up-keeper, three assessors, inspector of milk and vinegar, sealer of weights and measures, chief of police and four or five patrolmen, engineer of the fire department and five assistants, a board of registration, board of water commissioners, public library committee, school committee of two members at large and one from each ward, with school superintendent and secretary of the board in one person, a board of seven almoners, cemetery committee of six, board of three sinking fund commissioners, three overseers ' of the poor with president, clerk and almshouse keeper, board of health (three), trust funds committee (three), city improvement committee (six), sewer com- missioners (six. with president and clerk), and ])recinct officers consisting of a warden, deputy warden, clerk, deputy clerk, two inspectors, and two deputy inspectors for each ward. Leeds, Florence, and Bay State are flourishing suburbs incorporated with Northampton. The population May i, 1888, was stated at 14,257 : children between five and fifteen years, 2,401 ; children enrolled in pub- lic schools, 2,433 : enrolled over fifteen, 134 ; enrolled under five, 34 ; en- rolled between five and fifteen, 2,265 ! enrolled between eight and four- teen, 1,535. The public educational institutions comprise the Center high school, the Florence high and grammar schools, seventeen grammar schools, thirty-four graded primary schools, and five ungraded schools, with an average attendance of 1,869. There are also five evening schools with 2;^^ pupils and an average attendance of 121. Total receipts from iippropriations and all other sources. $36,028.19 ; expenditures, §35.068.61. Extra patrolmen, constables, and specials are employed as required, and the police force is alert and effective. Receipts of the department for 1888, $4,804.28; expenditures, $4,327.06. The city is well supplied with pure water from two large reservoirs through 185,166 feet of pipe, the entire cost of construction up to the close of 1888 being $267,565.07. The fire department, according to the last report (for 1888), consists cf 98 men, two horses, one steam fire engine, two hand engines, seven two-wheel hose carts, one four-wheel hose wagon, one spare hose-reel, and two hook and ladder trucks, with 3,300 feet of hose in the city proper, 1,900 feet at I'lorence. 550 feet at Bay State, and 550 at Leeds. A well- appointed fire alarm telegrajili adds much to the efficiency of the depart- ment. The city finances are in excellent shape, as is shown by the treasurer's report of November 30, 1888 : — Cash balance in the treasury of 57,850.32 Received during the year ending Nov. 30, iSSS 270,Sj8.So $278,679.12 Autliorized payments chning tlie year 275,790.41 Leaving a Ijalance in the treasury, Nov. 30, 18SS ■. $2,888.71 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 175 HAMPSHIRE COUNTY NATIONAL BANK. Lewis Warner, President; Fred. A. Macomber, Cashier — No. 150 Main St. This is tile second National bank established in Northampton, and was cliartered May 21, 1864, with $100,000 capital stock, since increased to a quarter million dollars. Luther ]iod- man, chosen president at the time of organization, continued in that position until 1S87. Mr. W. C. Robinson was the first cashier, succeeded in 1865 by Lewis Warner, who was in 1887 promoted to the presidency, Mr. F. A. Macomber assuming the duties and responsibilities of cashier. The bank building, a handsome three-story brick structure with ornate iron front and mansard roof, was erected in 1874 at a cost of $28,000, and is in all respects an attractive, complete, and commodious edifice, ele- gantly appointed, and well suited in every way to the purpose for which it was designed. The Hampshire County National enjoys, as it deserves, the unbounded confidence of the commu- nity and a generous share of public jjatronage, the result of a policy which, while eminently careful and conservative, is yet cjuite liberal toward all enter- prises founded upon a sound basis and having for their object the transaction of a legitimate business. The value of such an institution to a progressive business center like Northampton can hardly be overestimated, more especially when conducted in the interest of the general public and not exclu- sively for the enrichment of the stockholders. The past career of the Hampshire County National is ample guarantee of continued liberality to- ward all worthy enterprise of a local character. Operations cover the usual ground of deposits, in- dividual and corporate, loans, discounts, drafts, col- lections, etc. The flourishing condition of the in- stitution is shown by the subjoined report to the Comptroller of the Currency, September 30, 1S89: — RESOURCES. Loans and discounts $616,255 S3 Overdrafts secured and unsecured 46S 08 U. S. bonds to secure circulation 200,000 00 Stocks, securities, judgments, claims 20,900 00 Due from approved reserve agents 41,518 82 Due from other national banks 8,682 67 Real estate, furniture, and fixtures 35,48989 Current expenses and taxes paid 2,368 53 Checks and other cash items 6,052 45 Bills of other banks 3,66i 00 Fractional paper currency, nickels, and cents 87 59 Specie 16,414 80 Legal tender notes 17,000 00 Redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 percent, of circulation) 9,000 00 LIABILITIES. Capital stock paid in 5250,000 00 Surplus fund 50,000 00 LTndivided profits 10, 688 99 National bank notes outstanding 180,000 00 Individual deposits subject to check 442,680 2a Demand certificates of deposit 32,12-' 93 Due to other national banks 12,402 54 Total $977,89966 Total.... $977,89966 President Warner is a native of Springfield. Messrs. Josephus Crafts, Merritt Clark, M. W. Jackson, L. Warner, W. H.Dickson, Hiram Nash, and Henry A. Kimball are the directors. THE HAMPSHIRE SAVINGS BANK. Josephus Crafts, President ; W. Herrick, First Vice-President ; Lewis Warner, Treasurer — No. 150 Main St. The Massachusetts Savings bank system as conducted under laws especially framed for its control is the model after which, with various modifications, the savings banks of most other States are managed. Under this system, devised more particularlv foi'the benefit of the work- ing classes, deposits in sums of $1 to $1,000 are received at any time, dividends are declared twice annually, fair rates of interest are allowed on deposits and accumulations, and depositors are guaranteed against loss. Among the most prosperous of these institutions located in the western part of the State is the Hampshire Savings Bank of Northampton, incorporated in 176 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 1S69, and occupying handsome offices at Xo. 150 .Main street. The officers are: Josephus Crafts, president; \V. Ilcrrick and Ansel Wright of Northampton, Iliram Nash of Williams- burgh, and W. 11. Dickinson of llatlield, vice-presidents ; Lewis Warner, treasurer. I'resi- dent Crafts is also a prominent citizen of Northampton, as is Treasurer Warner. The- latter was one of the original incorporators, and has filled the responsible i)osition of treasurer from the first. He is a native of Springfield. Every note and security held by this institution is upon real estate, stocks, and paper in the hancis of Hampshire county parties; no doubtful speculations are -fndulged in, and in all respects the management is conservative and safe. Ajipended is the official statement, dated Mav n, 1SS9: — RESOUkCLS. . LLAHILITIES. ."^t.ile tax 5726 ijo Profit and loss $14,566 59 Expenses 1,45467 Guaranty fund 20,10000 Uank slock 174,(39692 Deposits 871,84095 Loans to Hampshire county 12,000 00 Loans to towns 3,00000 Loans on bank stock ... 10,^50 00 Loans on real estate 576,168 14 Loans on personal security 5 ',037 50 Railroad bonds 30,000 00 Cash dep. in Hampsliire Nat'l I'aiik 38,573 91 Cash dep. in Northampton Nat'l Hank 8,000 00 'I'otal . ?.jo6,507 54 Total §906,507 BELDING BROS. & CO. President, Mile M. Belding ; Vice-President, Hiram H. Belding ; Secretary, Alvah N. Belding; Manager at Cincinnati, David W. Belding ; Manager at Northamp- ton, Edgar F. Crooks — Silk Manufacturers, 'i'he career of the lielding Brothers furnishes a striking illustration of what mav be accom- 1 ne eaicci 01 me j>cii.Mng i^roineis imnisnes a siruimg iiiusiraiion 01 vvnai mav oe accom- jilished by itulustry and well-directed business ability. The sotis of an Ashfield farmer, the eldest, Milo .M., first engaged in the jewelry business with W. .M. Root of Pittsfield on cotn- ing of age. Later, in i860, he formed a copartnership with his brothers Iliratn H. and Alvah ^"•LSa; kowkv,ll^ c-"' '*"»-'-S a: .■4ij„,r,„i.i,-.-. -" N., the eldest remaining at home and purchasing sewing silk of all kinds which was peddled from house to house by the younger brothers. This plan of operations continued until 1S63, the business rapidly (lcvelo])ing into large proportions. Iti the year last named the IJeldings formed a copartnership with i:. K. Rose and established themselves at Rockvillc, Conn., as manufacturers of silk thread and silk goods. .Mr. Rose retired in 1866, and the lirothers enlarged their works and extended their field of operations, increasing their facilities from time to time until in 1869 they purchased the Rockville silk mill. The venture jiroved suc- cessful and was followed in 1873 by the erection of the fine silk mills at Northampton, the ])lant comprisitig two four-story and one one-story brick buildings, rcsjiectively 45 .\ 100, 45 .t 300, and 50.\ 175 feet, lighted by electricity, heated bv steam, ]irovided with automatic sprink- lers and all modern improvements, running 15,000 spindles and 130 looms, and consuming 600 l^ounds of raw silk daily, l-'ive hundred ])eople are enii>loycd here, and a 200-horse-power steam engine furnishes the necessary power. In the mean time the firm ac(|uiretl a valuable silk mill at Montreal, and binit others at San Francisco and at lielding, Michigan, so that they now own and operate five mills, employ 1.500 hands, consume 1,500 jiounds of raw silk daily — all that is produced in the United States — and place on the market goods of the average v.-ilue of .S3, 500,000 amuiallv, maintaining oftices and salesrooms in New York, Thiladeljihia, Cincinnati, St. Louis, San Francisco, Boston, and .Montreal. The Northampton mill, the largest, is devoted to the manufacture of sewing silk, machine twist, silk fabrics, silk hosiery, etc. ; that at Rockville to machine twist and sewing silk in all colors; that at Montreal to machine twist, sewing silk, and ribbons, and those at Belding and San Francisco to machine twist and sewing silk. As an earnest of the firtn's faith in the per- manence and ]5romising future of silk manufacture in this coiuitrv thev several vears ago INLAND MASSACHUSF.TTS ILLUSl'RATEl). 177 undertook the boring of an artesian well to supply the Northampton mill with pure water that would enable them to improve the beauty and finish of their goods. After penetrating to a depth of 3,700 feet — the deepest well in America — and expending $32,000 upon the project without result, the work was temporarily suspended, to be resumed at another time. Silk manufacturing does not, however, absorb the undivitled attention of this enterprising firm, as they own a quarry of building stone in New York State and in connection therewith a specially constructed mill for reducing the stone to powder, which is largely employed in the manufacture of ])aper. At Balding, Mich., also, they have erected a commodious hotel and opera house, and as the city owes its existence to them they are laboring to render it worthy the name it bears. President ^filo M. IJelding is a resident of Xew York. Vice-President Hiram H. Belding has charge of the Chicago wholesale branch and resides in that city. David W. manages the Cincinnati branch. Alvah N. was until 1SS2 manager of the Rockville and NorthamiHon mills, a responsibility which he has since divided by putting the Northampton mill in charge of Mr. Edgar F. Crooks, and was elected to the Legislature. Mr. Crooks, capable, courteous, and alert, retains his position. FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF NORTHAMPTON. A. L. Williston, President ; Fred. N. Kneeland, Cashier — Cor. Main and King Sts. The First National is the lineal successor of the old Holyoke (State) bank, founded in 184S, with John Clark president, Thomas Green, cashier, and $100,000 ]5aid-up capital. A vear later the capital was increased to $150,000, and in 1S50 to $200,000. During the next fourteen vears its career was one of unvarying iirosperity, but finally, in 1S64, it was decided to reorganize under the National banking act as the First National Bank of Northampton, cap- ital $300,000 ; Joel Hayden, president; \V. B. Hale, vice-president ; H. Roberts, cashier. On the death of Mr. Hayden in 1873, Mr. Hale was jnomoted to the iircsidency, Mr. Roberts con- tinuing as cashier until his decease in September, iSSo, when Mr. F.N. Kneeland succeeded to and has since performed the duties of that position to the satisfaction of all concerned. The capital has been twice increased since reorganization — in 1S65 to $400,000, and in 1S69 to $500,000, at which figure it still remains. The gentleman who now tills the chair of president, A. L. \Villiston, was born here and is an enterprising, public-s])irited citizen connected with numerous industrial and commercial enterprises, treasurer of the Mount Holyoke Seminary and College of South Hadley, treasurer of Williston Seminary at Easthampton, and controls the manufacture of Payson's indelible ink. Mr. Kneeland is a native and life-long resident of Northampton. Since 1S64 — a period of twenty-five years — the First National has paid to stockholders in dividends an aggregate of $1,040,000. No more convincing evidence could be desired of the excellent financiering and conservatism that marks its management. The banking-house at 178 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLfSTRATED. the corner of Main and King streets was erected expressly for this institution at an outlay of ^40,000, and is of brick with ornamental front, mansard roof, 42 x 50 feet in dimensions, three stories in height, and provided with tire and burglar-proof vaults, secured by chronometer locks and all modern improved safeguards. The First National does a strictly legitimate banking business in deposits, loans, discounts, collections, domestic and foreign exchange, etc., and is perfectly sound and responsible, as will be seen by the appended report to the Comptroller, dated September 30, 1SS9 : — RESOURCES. Lo.ins and discounts $688,837 35 834 05 50,000 00 154,900 00 15,246 69 23.497 2' 13,864 80 20,000 00 2,822 90 5.540 44 1,085 28 10,931 00 Overdrafts secured and unsecured U. .S. bonds on hand Other stocks, bonds and mortgages Due from approved reserve agents Due from other national banks Due from state banks and bankers Real estate, furniture, and fixtures Current expenses and taxes paid Otiier real estate Checks and other cash items Bills of other banks Fractional paper currency, nickels, and cents Specie Redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circulation) 104 77 25.774 >7 2,250 00 Total 51,015,688 66 LIABILITIES. Capital stock paid in $500,000 00 125,000 00 22,945 49 45,000 00 284,075 71 34.197 44 Surplus fund. Undivided profits National bank notes outstanding Individual deposits subject to check. Demand certificates of deposit Due to other national banks 4.47 Total , ?i,oi5.6SS 66 W. HERRICK, Machinist — Manufacturer of Circular Saw Mills, Steam Engines, Lathes. Planers, Water Wheels, Shingle Mills, Shafting, Pulleys, Hangers, etc. — Near Depot. In dcscril)ing the diverse uKlnstrics ol Nuniiaininon and vicinity it wdiilil be tini'air to omit special mention of the time-honored and widely celebrated machine shops of Mr. \V. Hcrrick, established by him as long ago as 1S42. Standing near the depot, with excellent shipping facilities, these works occupy a substantial two-story-and-basement brick buikling, 30 X 80 feet, and are provided with a Hrst-class equii)ment of iron-working machinery, mtich of it of newly imj^roved design, driven by a twenty-horse-power steam engine. From twelve to eighteen skilled workmen are employed, and superior work is turned out to order and for shijiment to all parts of the country, tlie specialties including a great variety of machinery, such as circular saw mills of the best kind, steam engines, lathes, planers, water wheels, shingle mills, pullevs, etc. The utmost care is exercised in all departments, and everything made and sold here is guaranteed in respect to material, style, workmanship, and efficiency. .Mr. Ilerrickis a native of New York State, a practical and conscientious mechanic, indus- trious and progressive. lie is one of the vice-presidents of the Hampshire County Savings Bank, and an influential citizen. J. L. DRAPER, Mansion House Stable — Rear of Mansion House. Strangers visiting Xorllianiptoii on business or for jilcasiirc will greatly add to the enjoy- ment of their stavbv taking a day's drive through the city and its unsurpassed surroundings — scenerv that is famed on both sides of the Atlantic and hardly rivaled on this continent east of the Rocky mountains. That it mav be projierly enjoyed, however, it is necessary that the tourist be provided with a good vehicle and teaiii, and as these indispensables are not found hanging on the bushes, no one will take it amiss if we hint that the Mansion House stable in rear of that celebrated hostelry is amply jirovided with fine animals, carriages, bug- gies, and sleighs which are hired to responsible parties by the hour, day, or week at moderate charges. This stable, started eight years ago bv Mr. J. I,. Draper, is a substantial two-.story brick building, 30 x 100 feet, fitted up in handsome style and kept in apple-pie order, clean and neat in all departments. The horses, of which there are about forty, and an eipial number of vehicles, give evidence of the care that is taken of them, and no one need blush to drive a rig furnished by Mr. Draper, who takes commendable pride in his stock, both wheeled and quad- rupedal. N^ine men are emploved about the jiremises and that they have no sinectire is proved bv the glossy coats of the horses, and the spick and span appearance of the carriages, buggies, and sleighs. Mr. Draper's father owns the Mansion House and much other city property. The son was born and reared here. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. NORTHAMPTON NATIONAL BANK, 179 Oscar Edwards, President; J. Whittlesey, Cashier— No. 137 Main St., Cor. Center. Tlie insiitutioii now under consideration is famous everywhere as having been the victim of the most stupendous bank robbery ever accomplished, when, January 26, 1876, a well-laid plan culminated in the sacking of its vaults by an organized band of daring and skillful bur- glars, who secured and carried away government, state, county, municipal, and corporation ])onds and securities, bank notes, greenbacks, and coin to the amount of nearly $1,500,000. Through the machinery of the law most of the booty was recovered, and a ma'joritv of the thieves pursued to state prison or the grave, but the history of the affair forms an unique chap- ter in the annals of crime which it is not our province to elaborate. The event referred to was the first, last, and only check upon the prosperity of a financial institution which, originally chartered under the State laws Ajjril 13, 1833, and reorganized as a National bank in 1S65, has weathered safely the storms of well-nigh sixty years, and is more wealthy, influential, and powerful to-day than ever before, its success and ])ublic confi- dence in its stability being founded u]ion the rock of integrity. At first the capital stock was $100,000, which was increased in 1S37 to $200,000, and again to $400,000 when organized under the National banking act. The first president under the old yi'i^iine was Eli])halet Williams; cashier, J. D. Whitney. The ])resent otificers are named in our capti(ni. I'resident Edwards has served for fifteen or sixteen years, and his ability is unquestioned. Mr. Warriner, one of the directors, is also vice-president of the Northampton Institution for Savings, of which Presi- dent Edwards is a trustee. Of Cashier Whittlesev it is hardly necessarv to speak at length, as his energy, capacity, and unerring judgment in monetary matters is recognized on all hands. The board of directors includes, besides the president and vice-j^resident, such prominent citi- zens and business men as L. 15. Williams, H. R. Hinckley, William Skinner, John L. Otis, Frank N. Look, Charles N. Clark, and William M. Gaylord. The bank has occupied the present site from the first. The building was remodeled in 1866, and as it now stands is an ornament to Main street, three stories in height, 24 feet front, 60 feet deep, handsome and substantial. The sound financial condition of the institution is shown by the appended official report, dated September 30, 1889: — RESOURCES. Loans and discounts ^528,273 59 Overdrafts secured and unsecured 697 42 U. S. bonds to secure circulation loo.ooo 00 Other stocks, bonds, and mortgages 378,512 94 Due from approved reserve agents 37,281 oS Due from other national banks 9,019 49 Due from state banks and bankers 25,848 29 Real estate, furniture, and fixtures 33,000 00 Checks and other cash items 3,423 14 Bills of other banks 4.017 00 Fractional paper currency, nickels, and cents 342 00 Specie 27,930 00 Legal tender notes 1,724 00 Redemption fund with \5. S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circulation) 4.500 00 Total $1,154,568 95 LIABILITIES. Capital stock paid in $400,000 00 Surplus fund 250,000 00 Undivided profits National bank notes outstanding Dividends unpaid Individual deposits subject to check. .. Demand certificates Due to other national banks Cashier's checks 9.045 S3 90.000 00 16,032 00 352-424 75 10,528 S7 26,455 35 82 45 Total $1,154,568 95 M. L. & M. W. GRAVES. Connecticut River Grain Elevator and Mills — Dealers in Flour, Grain, Meal, and Feed— No. 4 Bridge St. The above-named elevator and mills were erected in 1S65 bv Thaver, Sergeant & Co., and have always been a valuable and desirable property. .Messrs. Nl. L. & Si. W. Craves became the purchasers in 1S75, and under their management great improvements have been made in both plant and output, while transactions have augmented to such an extent that thev now ship largely to all points in the Connecticut valley, selling at both wholesale and retail, mak- ing specialties of flour, meal, corn, oats, and mill feed, and masons' supplies. The buildings are of wood, the elevator being four stories, 30x40 feet, while the mill and warehouse are of two stories, 35 x 120 feet and 40x60, thus enabling the firm to carry verv heavv stocks. The mill is an unusually complete one of the kind and of large capacity, fitted up with three run of stones and a fine 75-horse-power steam engine. Six men are employed, and orders are filled with dispatch. Messrs. Graves are natives of North Leverett, Franklin county. Tlie senior partner is row in his third term on the school board, and is also treasurer of the Northampton Co-oper- ative Bank. i8o INLAND M ASSAC H ISK T IS I I.I.L'STR A IKD. THE CRYSTAL EMERY WHEEL COMPANY. J. Mulligan, President; Charles E. Stevens, Treasurer and Manager — Manufact- urers of Solid Emery and Corundum Wheels — Hawley St. The inaiuifacture of iiit;li-giaerior doors, sash', Venetian and panel blinds, general inside finish for buildings, and dressed lumber of every description, both soft and hard, filling bills for local delivery or shipment to nearby jioints at short notice, in the best style, and at reasonable figmcs. He also docs an extensive l)usiiiess as contractor and builder, eiiiploving over ninctv hands, and is prepared to make prompt and reasonable estimates nn carpenter work of every description. He is of Canadian birth. INLAND ]\IASSACHUSKTTS ILLUSIRATKD. MANSION HOUSE. i8i C. W. Abbott, Proprietor— Main St. This tine hotel was built in 1S71 by Fitch IJros., who subsequently disposed of it to a Mr. Kinynian. The latter transferred it to a Mr. Hill, he to Mr. Brown, and finally, in ib8S, it passed into the hands of the ]iresent courteous and capable proprietor, who has made it one of- the most pop- ~- — ~ ^ ' "" ~ "^ -=rs ular hostel ries with the traveling community, a n d especially w it h the mercantile trav e 1 e r s, a n y- where in N e w England. T h e bull d i n g, four stories in height, is of brick, 50 feet front by 150 feet deep, with m a n- sard roof, cupola, and three hand- some verandas in front. The inte- rior is in keeping with the exterior. On the ground floor is a true bil- iard room wi t h five elegant tables. The conunodious office and reading-room, richly finished in hard woods, the sumptuously furnished parlors, the spacious, light, and airy dining-room, etc., are on the second floor, while the sleeping apartments, single and a/ siiiti-, beautifully furnished and upholstered, provided with steam heat, electric lights, bath and toilet rooms, and eighty-five in number, are situated on the third and fourth floors, reached by stairway and elevator, and luxurious enough for any reasonable being. The whole house is fitted up with steam heat and incandescent electric lights, and is fii'st-class in all respects. It is scarcely necessary to say that the tables are loaded to repletion with the choicest edibics, substantials, and delica- cies that amjile means and liberality can procure. Rates are very moderate. Mr. Abbott is a native of the Old Kay State and an e.xperienced host, having kept popular hotels at Chester, Vt., Merrimac, Marlboro, and Leominster, Mass., and Troj', N. H. WILLIAMS MANUFACTURING COMPANY. L. B. Williams, President; F. E. Clark, Treasurer; R. S. Bartlett, Superintendent- Manufacturers of Splint, Bamboo, and Rattan Baskets of All Kinds— Foot of Smith St. The average citizen has no doubt often wondered where all the baskets come from. We have discovered the principal source whence are obtained the finer and better grades, and as we seldom hide our light under a bushel or otherwise withhold knowledge from the great public, we will tell them what we know on this subject. Nearly fortv years ago — in 185c — Messrs. Williams & Hartlett commenced the manufact- ure of baskets on a small scale at Huntington, where they continued in business until 1S62, when they removed to Northampton, adopted the style of L. 1>. Williams iS: Co., erected more extensive works, improved and increased their output, and took a more prominent place industrially and commercially, adding to their facilities in every de])artment in order to meet a rapidly growing demand for baskets. In 1867 the jiresent com])any was incorporated, with the late if. K. Williams treasurer, and has had plain sailing and a remarkably prosperous career. The jilant consists of the factory i)ro])cr, a three-story frame structure, 40 x 220 feet, fitted up with the latest and best improved machinery, run by a loo-horse-pouer steam engine, and four storage warehouses — two 50 x 200 feet, and two 45 x 100 feet each. The ottice building is of brick, 2S x 60 feet. Oiie hundred and seventy-five hands are kept busy, and an average of 8,000 baskets of all sizes are jiroduccd daily. No willow is used — splint, bamboo. l82 INLAND MASbACHUStT IS ILLUbTKATED. and rattan only are employed, and the baskets are both neat and strong, designed for all purposes and designated as corn, clothes, market, oyster, fruit, wood, cotton, satchel, and fac- tory baskets. They arc supjilicd to the trade and in ycncr.il use throughout the United States and Canada. .Ml of the otticers of this company are natives of Massachusetts, and Mr. ]!artlett is said to be the oldest practical basket manufacturer in .America. FLORENCE. COUCH MACHINE WORKS. Arthur G. Hill, Proprietor — Manufacturer of Paper-making and Woodworking Machinery, Shafting, Pulleys, Hangers, etc.— Near Depot, Florence. These works were established in i.S6y by U. M. Coucii, and arc wiilcly and favorably known, through their products, to the paper manufacturers and woodw(jrkcrs not only of New England, but of the countrv at large. The plant passed by purchase into the hands of Mr. .Arthur (i. Hill, fulv 27th last, and.having been thoroughly overhauled, renovated, repaired, and improved by the addition of new appliances in all departments, is better prepared than ever to turn oiit large quantities of superior work. The jirincijial building is the brick machine shop of two stories, 50 .\ 1 10 feet, connected with which is the foundry, also com- pletelv etpiipped, and other buildings devoted to storage and similar purjioses, all of one story, brick. The machinery outfit is fust-class, ilriven by a 40-hor.se-power steam engine, and from forty to fiftv skilled workmen are employed. A general line of machinerv is constructed here, but specialties are made of the various devices required by paper manufacturers — rag engines, rag dusters, rag cutters, pumps, calen- ders, etc. — together with woodworking machinery of every description, shafting, hangers, pul- leys, and almost everything usually made in a first-class foundry and machine shop. The works are in charge of an exi)crienccd and comjietent superintendent, and patrons may depend upon su])erior material, workmanship, and tinish. Mr. Hill is a conspicuous figure in Western .Massachusetts business, political, and social circles. Born in Northaminon in 1S41, he is a graduate of Harvard with the degree of Bach- elor of Sciences; was for manv years assistant treasurer of the Xonotuck Silk Company, was subsequently of the firm of'.Niartin vV Hill, manufacturers of cash carriers, and has served the public as Mayor of Northampton. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 183 WHITNEY SAFETY FIRE ARMS COMPANY. Arthur G. Hill, President ; G. E. Forbes, Vice-President; William H. Whitney, Treasurer, and T. T. Cartwright, Superintendent and General Manager — Florence. One of the greatest drawbacks to fire-arms as ordinarily constructed is their liability to accidental discharge and consequent menace to the life and limbs of those who handle them and of Ijystanders. It is pleasant to record that at last this difficulty has been overcome, and that in future rifles, shot-guns, and pistols may be rendered as safe, even when loaded, as a walking-stick. The world is indebted for this great improvement to the genius of Mr. \\\\\- iani H. Whitnev, now treasurer and general manager of the Whitney Safety Fire Arms Com- pany, organized the past summer at Florence with a capital stock of $50,000 and occupying extensive shops and employing a large number of skilled armorers and a fine equipment of special machinery designed expressly for the purpose of manufacturing the new arm, which it is the intention of the company to introduce in this and other countries as rapidly as it can be made. The distinguishing feature of the Whitney gun is that the safety lock is so arranged that it depends upon a lever behind the trigger guard and under the pistol grip, and cannot be operated to explode the charge unless the lever is pressed into place by the hand grasping the grip. As soon as the grasp is relaxed the lever drops by its own weight and removes all ten- sion from the main-springs and effectually ]3revents the hammers falling, and the gun may be thrown down or used as a club with absolute safety to the manipulator. The wea]3on is of the so-called hammerless style, without lock plates, the hammers being contained within the breech, pivoted to the main-springs, and acting directly upon the center-fire primer. When fired the hammers return to full-cock. The gun is opened for loading and removal of shells by the usual top lever. There is no slide to press into ]josition before firing, and the tension on the springs ceases when the lever is released, when it becomes impossible to fire the piece bv jar or other accident. The double-barrel is described as the simplest of all hammerless guns, having but fourteen parts in both locks, and any of these liable to breakage maybe duplicated bv an ordinary blacksmith. The Whitney Safety hammerless rifle and revolver are constructed upon like simple princii:)les. The device is fully covered by jjatents in this country, Canada, England, France, and all other principal countries of the globe, and cannot fail to prove a bonanza to the company. President Hill is a prominent citizen and ex-mayor of Xorthampton. Mr. Whitney, who has charge of the works, is a noted and successful inventor and an excellent business man. THE FLORENCE TACK COMPANY. D. W. Bond, President; G. W. Bond, Agent; E. S. Bottum, Clerk— Manufacturers of Nails, Tacks, Staples, and \A^ire Specialties — Cor. Locust and Holyoke Sts., Florence. The town of Northampton is the habitat of many notable industries, and one of the most prominent of these is the works of the Florence Tack Company, situated at the corner of Locust and Holyoke streets in the suburb of Florence. This enterprise was founded in 1S74, but two years later the original plant was burned to the ground. It was rebuilt of brick, larger and better than before, and, with a complete new equi])ment of machinery, resumed operations in 1S77. The factory building is 50 x 120 feet in area, ''s fitted up in the best possible man- ner, contains seventy-six nail and staple machines of three tons daily capacity, and emjiloys one hundred operatives. It should be observed here that the numerous mechanical devices used are uuiqu.; and original, constructed expressly for this company (which controls the pat- ents) from designs furnished by the ingenious agent and superintendent, Mr. G. W. liond. The specialties include every description of finishing, chair, basket, cigar-box, Hungarian, shoe, trunk, clout, and common nails ; tacks for every conceivable jnu pose from steel, .Swedes, Norway, .American charcoal, and common iron, brass, cop]ier, and zinc. During the ])ast four years a su]3erior line of novelties has been added, embracing among other items double- pointed tacks, shade, basket, barrel, keg, clinch, and electricians' staples, etc. The goods made here are handled by the trade everywhere, and a steady increase of demand and sales marks each succeeding year. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 185 LEEDS. NORTHAMPTON EMERY WHEEL COMPANY. Ira Dimock, President; J. L. Otis, Secretary and Treasurer — Manufacturers of Emery and Corundum Wheels and Emery Wheel Machinery — Works, Leeds, Mass.; W^estern Office, No. 20 S. Canal St., Chicago, 111. This important re]3reseiitati\e concern was founded by Otis (\; Williams, who, beginning operations on a small scale in 1867, •''itcceeded so well that in the ensuing year a joint stock company was formed, capital $40,000, increased later to $50,000, and finally, on the incorpo- ration of the present company in May, 1879, t(j $100,000. 'l"he originators were Gen. ]. I,. (Jtis, now secretary and treasurer, and Mr. I^. 15. Williams, now president of the Williams Manufacturing Company. In point of age this is the second emery wheel works established in this country, while in quality and vohniie of output it ranks with the oldest and best on the globe, not only supplying an important part of the home market but exporting very largely to Great Ihitain and the continent of Europe. Their patents cover all, or nearly all, of the latest and best improvements in processes, and they are ready at any time to sidjmit their wheels and wheel machinery to practical tests in competition with those of any other emery ntanufacturing house in existence, confident of the result. They make no claims which they cannot substantiate, and with a large patronage based upon merit can well afford to depend upon the quality of their products to advertise them. The works, consisting of numerous buildings of various dimensions, cover an acre of ground and are equipped in the best possible manner, many of the devices used being of special design and constructed especially for their use. A large number of trained hands are employed, and the extent and value of the output is best shown bv a glance at their order book, which exhibits page after ])age of commissions from every State — na\-, almost every town — in the United States, not to speak of those for shi]Miient bevond seas. They have received orders from sixteen states and three foreign countiies by a single mail. The line of specialties is comprehensive, and includes every description of emery and corimdum wheels. frames, appliances and machinery for every description of grinding — wheels for [ilancr and moulding bits, for saw and edge-tool manufacturers, for cutlery manufacturers, for stove plate manufacturers, for glass manufacturers and cutters, for brass, iron, and steel workers — in short, for the use of all who need grinding or polishing apparatus ; oil stones, emery and sand stones for mechanics, farmers, and otiiers. Special machinery and duplicate wiicels are supplied at short notice. Parties ordering the latter should note ail specifications, as diame- ter, thickness, size of hole, and purpose for which the wheel is to be used. In order to meet the requirements of a growing Western trade, the company has establisiied an office and warerooms at No. 20 South Canal street, Chicago, 111., where a large stock of goods, embracing full lines of all their emery and corundmn wheels, ap])ropriate machinery for the same, whetstones and foundry rub-stones of all kinds are carried in stock for deliv- ery to the trade and to consumers without loss of time. In this store is also carried the larg- est and most complete stock of grinders', polishers', and platers' supjjlies west of Xew \'ork, including a full line of dynamos, anodes, and chemicals, and the only stock of walrus-leather between Xew York and San Francisco. It is hardly necessary to add that the comi)any is entirely responsible, buying for cash entirely. ISoth President Ira Dimock and Treasurer J. L. Otis ha\c been identified with this enter- jirise from its inception. The latter is a man of note; calculated to succeed in almost any active pursuit. He was born at Lyme, Conn., July 15, 1S27, and entered a factory when !)ut seven and a half years of age, working, as was the general custom at that time, fourteen hours per day. liy close application to study after these long liours of labor, he became at twenty- three a mechanical engineer of recognized ability. At the age of twenty-five he took charge of the Pacific Mills, ^laiuhester. Conn. At the breaking out of the civil war he enlisted in the Tenth Connecticut volunteer infantry, was mustered into the service as a second lieuten- ant, became colonel of the regiment within a year and a half from the date of his enlistment, and was brcvetted brigadier general of volunteers " fen" special gallantry at tlie crossing of the James, June 20, 1864, and at the battles of Frizzell's Mills and Deep Gully." l86 INLAND MASSALIiUbtlTS ILLUSTRA lED. BAY STATE. NORTHAMPTON CUTLERY COMPANY. Oscar Edwards, President ; H. R. Hinckley, Treasurer and Manager ; Edward P. Feiker, Secretary and Superintendent — Manufacturers of Table Cutlery — Works, Bay State; New York Office, No. 122 Chambers St. It is a coiinnon error of those iiiifaniiliar witii the subject to imagine that, for some occult reason wiiich they themselves cannot explain, .American artisans are incapable of producing really fine cutlery. How nearly this notion may approach the truth as regards the higher grades of cutlery — surgical instruments, razors, pocket-knives, etc. — we do not jjretend to say, but it is certain that in so far as it refers to table cutlery the conceit or superstition is groundless, as a visit to tiie Northampton t'utlery Company's W(jrks would quickly convince the most skeptical. This enterprise dates from 1S71, when the comjiany was incorporated with $100,000 capital. The factory j^lant comjjrises a cluster of one, two, and three-story brick buildings that cover with their appurtenances about two acres of ground at the village of Hay State in the town of Northampton. Near by is a big tenement-house where a portion of the 275 operatives are housed. The machinery outfit is first-class and very complete, including numerous hammers, forges, grinding and polishing appliances, and is run bv combined water and steam-power — 175 horse-power each. The output is enormous in ijuantitv and value, and includes every descrip- tion of fine and common table cutlery, carvers, butcher knives, and hmUing knives — all of e.xcpiisite temper and finish, and fully e(|ual in cpialitv to anv goods of a similar character m:.de in Slicttield or elsewhere, 'i'hat the cutlery produced here is of the highest merit is amply attested by the widespread and increasing demand, not only from all parts of our own country but from foreign lands, the e.\i)ort trade growing at a rate that astonishes even the company's officers themselves. Only the highest grade of materials is employed, combined with superior skilled labor, and in style, balance, (huabiiitv, and all desirable essentials the Xorthami)ton Cutlery Company's ivory, celluloid, rubber, bone, solid steel, and scale tang table, medium, dessert, cook, butcher, carving, and hunting knives take ])rccedence wherever offered in competition. The company's beautifully illustrated seventy-page catalogue is sent free to the trade on application, and contains engravings of the numerous styles of goods, from the i)lainest to the most elegant and elaborate — table and kitchen cutlery, carvers, forks, butchers', painters', grainers', and druggists' knives in endless varietv. I'rcsident lulwards is also president of the Xorthamiiton National Itank, a director in several other institutions, and a prominent citizen. Mr. Hinckley, the manager and treasurer, has been interested in the business since 1871, and is also connected with various other manufacturing enterprises, and a director of the Northampton National I'.ank and of North- ampton institution for Savings. Secretary Feiker is an accomplished practical cutler, and has personal supervision of the works. LOUDVILLE. MORLEY PAPER COMPANY. Charles A. Edgerton, President; James H. Morley, Treasurer— Manufacturers of White Shoe and Vegetable Parchment Papers— Loudville, Mass. The Morley Paper Company was organized ai)nnl lluee vears ago, and ])urchase(l the mill they now own and o|)cratc — an old stand destroved by fire in iS7Sand rebuilt in iSSo, that had been lying idle for two years. With some alterations and repairs, and the introduction of new machinery in some departments, it proved well adapted to their purpose, and is now regarded as the best mill in the vicinity, doing a ))rosi)crous and growing business. The plant consists of the mill proper, two stories and attic, .^2 x 160 feet, containing the engine, stock, and rag rooms; a building of one story and basement, 42 x 160 feet, for m;icliine, ])archmcnt, and finishing rooms, and four tenements for the operatives, eighteen of whom are employed, 'i'hc mill buildings are of brick, substantial and convenient, as is the steam engine and boiler room adjacent. The ecpiipment comprises two 5oo-p<)und beaters, one Soo-))ound washer, and a 62 inch Fourdrinier machine. Tlie capacity of the water power is 125-horse- INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 187 power, driven usually bv a powerful turbine wheel, though a 65-horse-power steam engine is held in reserve for emergencies, and a 25-horse-power engine for the paper machine. The company's specialties embrace superior lines of white papers for the use of shoe manufacturers and fancy bakers, vegetable jjarchment for wrapping butter, cheese, and meat, and for covering bottle stoppers, preserve jars, lard barrels, etc. They have a machine for making sausage cases, and a cement for uniting the edges that withstands the heat of boiling water, and makes a case or bag equal to the natural gut. This parch- ment makes a superior paper for type-writing; in erasing a common rubber removes the letters and leaves a good finish^ The output is quite heavv, and is disposed of to the trade in all parts of the country. Sales are steadily increasing at a rate that must be gratifying indeed to the energetic and progressive otiicers of the company. HUNTINGTON. T^HE town of Huntington is in the western part of Hampshire county ■* and is of irregular form, a portion of it projecting southwestward and separating tiie towns of Montgomery and Chester in Hampden county, the town of Blandford in the latter count}' forming the southwest boundary. The village of Huntington is situated in the southern angle and is a station of the Boston & Albany railroad twenty miles west of Springfield. Th.e Westfield river furnishes excellent water power. The surroundings are mountainous and picturesque. CHESTER PAPER COMPANY. E. C. Rogers, President; F. D. Phelon, Treasurer— Manufacturers of Fine Writing Papers — Huntington. The Chester paper mill at Huntington, among the first establislied in ^Yestern Massachu- setts, was erected in 1S53 by the Greenleaf & Taylor Manufacturing Company. .Several of the original stockholders are still interested in it, but the present company was incorporated with 575,000 capital in 18S2. President Rogers is president and treasurer of the Massasoit Paper Company of Ilolvoke, and connected with several other industrial enteritises. Treasurer Phelon was with the Massasoit Paper Comiianv from 1S69 to 1S76, when he acce])ted his pres- ent jiosition. The mill jilant com])rises si.\ or more one. two, three, and three-and-a-half-story frame buildings of various sizes, besides three tenements for tiie hel)), covering in all about five acres of land. Water ]Knver is obtained from the Westfield river by means of a dam and race and three turbine wheels, supplemented by a 1 !;o-horse-i30wcr steam engine. The mill equipment is complete and in good condition, including among other ap])ropriate devices si.x 6oo]iound rng engines and one 6S inch Fourdrinicr jiaper machine. .Sevcntv-five ]ieople are employed, and the outjiut averages si.xty tons jier uKinth of fine grade loft-dried writing ]iapers and Pris- tol boards, which are handled bvthe trade generally, standing in high favor where known. 1 88 IM.AMJ MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. WILLIAMSBURGH. T HE village of Williamsburgh, in the town of Williamslnirgh, is dis- tant eight or nine miles northwest of Northampton. H. G. HILL, Flour, Meal, Feed, Grain, etc. — Mill and Warehouse, Williamsburgh. Aiuong llie most useful aiul tonvcniciu uf Williamsbuigli's industries is the mill of Mr. II. (i. Hill, who is also senior member of the firm of H. (i. & J. W. Ilill, manufacturers of pencils. .Mr. Hill is a native nf Williamslnirgli, and an cnteri)ri.sing citizen, wlio in 1S75 formeower. This com])any also owns the celebrated Hostwick ivory butt(jn works at I'ridgeporf, Conn., of which D. V>. Seward is superintendent. 'I'he principal office and salesroom is at No. 540 l>roadway, New ^'ork. President Knight and Secretary Clark are natives of Massachusetts, enter]5rising and far-seeing business men, and are ably assisted in the management by Messrs. William H. Chapman and Frank P. Tenney, who have charge of the New York store. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. GEORGE S. COLTON, 191 Manufacturer of Loom, Fancy, Garter, Suspender, and Truss Webs, etc. Every day adds to the demand for the above-named goods, for whicli new uses are con- stantly being found. They are indispensable to manufacturers of furnishing and fancy goods, surgical and orthopedic appliances, etc., and one cannot but wonder how the world mana<'^ed to scuffle along before the era of india rubber. Easthanipton is an especiallv eligible site for the manufacture of elastic webs, because here is located the famous EasthanijHon Rubber Thread Company's works, producing immense quantities of superior threads especially adapted to the purpose, and probably this fact had much weight in influencing Mr. (Jeoi-ge S. Colton to remove hither from Connecticut in 18S7, and to erect a fine new brick mill "of two stories 40 X 100 feet, heated by steam, fitted up with all modern imjirovenients, including twentv-si.\ looms, 200 braiders, two spoolers, three warpers, two pullers, and a 25-horse-])ower steam engine. P'rom forty to fifty hands are emploved, and the product, of the highest grade in silk, linen, and cotton, is very large, going to the trade all over the L'niled States. Mr. Colton was born at Shelburne, Vt., is a practical master of his calling, and a shrewd, enterprising business man. VALLEY PUMP COMPANY. John Mayher, Proprietor- Manufacturers of Steam and Power Pumps — Easthampton. On a recent visit to the Valley Pump Company's works at Easthanipton wc had the pleas- ure of examining numerous specimens of their celebrated jiumps and other machinery, and have no hesitation in saving that in our judgment thev r a n k with the best made. This CO m p a n y's pumps took first pre- mium at the Ameri- can Institute fair. New York, 1870-1S71 ; at the Massachusetts Charitable Mechan- ics' Association fair, Boston, 1874; at the riiiladelphia Centen- nial Exposition, 1S76; at the Southern E.x- position, Louisville, 18S4, and at e V e r y subsequent competi- tive exhibition wheie shown. They are varied in character, also, and suited t o many ])urposes, the list including boilei feed, low press u r e, l)rewery, fire, eleva- tor, mining, tank, tan- nery, quarry, circulat- ing, su ga r-h o u s e. , water works, acid, ammonia, ice manu r facturing, distillerv, and i^ower p u m p s. combined pumjis and heaters, com bine d boilers and ])umps, and combined creamery engines and pumjis. They also furnish upright tubular boilers of three to twenty-five horse-power for supjilying steam' to run pumps at railroad water stations, mines, hotels, and for fire jiressure and other piuposes, and are manufacturers of ^Villiam V.\LLKV I'UMIV 192 INLAND MASSACHUSKTTS ILLUSTRATED. Wright's patent bucket-plunger steam pumps in nine sizes, for feeding boilers of ten to live huntlred horse-power, and for the " Acme " combined steam pumps and steam engine, which they build, together with the "Valley," "Duplex," "A B C," and double-acting |)ower pumps. Tluse works were estab- lished in 1S6S by the Kast- hampton I'ump and Steam Engine Company, who in 1S70 sokl out to the \'alley Machine Company. On the first of January, 1S89, -Mr. John Mavlier became sole ])roprict(>r and adoi^tcd the present style of the Valley I'ump Company. The plant is an extensive one and comprises the main build- ing, utilized for warehouse and ottice pmposcs, two stories in height, 36 .\ 160 teet, with which are con- nected the machine and pat tern-shops of two storie^ and a one-story foundry. The equipment in all de- l)artments is first-class, ami embraces every description of iron-working machinerv and apjiliances ai)propriate to the work done. Thirty- five carefully selected me- chanics are eniploved, every particle of material used is subjected to rigid scrutiny, aiu! no pump or boiler leaves the works until it has been thor- oughly tested and found perfect in all its i)arts. As a consec|uence the machinery made here is of the highest order, and is in rapidly increasing demand not only all over the United .Slates but in foreign countries. Mr. Mayher, born in Albany, X. V., has resided in Western .Massachusetts for many years, and is a rc])rescntative business man, president of the Kasthampton Savings Hank, a director of twenty-four years' standing of the First National IJank of Kasthampton, auditor and a director of the Kasthampton Rubber Thread Companv. and a director of the Cilendale Klastic Fabrics Company, and the Gas and Electric Light Comjianies. DII'LKX Pl'MI EASTHAMPTON RUBBER THREAD CO. James B. Ford, President; E. T. Sawyer, Secretary, Treasurer, and General Man- ager—Manufacturers of Rubber Thread — Easthampton. Rubber thread is used for a variety of purjioses, but principally in the manufacture of elastic fabrics, suspenders, garters, surgical and orthopedic bandages, suspensories, anil many other useful articles. The Eastham])ton Rubber Thread Comjianv was incorporated in 1S64, and the plant and appurtenances represent a cash investment of 5200,000. The factory building, 50 .\ 200 feet, three stories in height, is of brick, heated liv steam and provided with all requisite appliances for the prevention and extinguishment of fire. The machinery equijiment is of special design and construction, has never been duplicated, and is said to be the most comprehensive, ingenious, effective, and valuable for the purpose in the world. For obvious reasons a descrip- tion is omitted. Fiftv-fivc hands are enqjloved, and the output, pronounced superior to that of any similar establishment on either side of the Atlantic, is in constant and increasing demand by manufacturers of elastic net goods everywhere. President Ford is a native and resident of New York, where he is engaged in the manu- INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 193 facture of rubber shoes and boots. He succeeded C. Meyer in his present position in the spring of 18SS. General Manager Sawyer, born in this State, has been connected with the Easthampton Rubber Thread Company for the past fifteen or sixteen years. MANSION HOUSE. W. E. Forrestal, Proprietor — Main St. Travelers and others visiting Easthaniinon on business or for pleasure will find excellent accommodations and all creature comforts at the Mansion, the oldest established and most piominent hotel in the village The i^resent ])roprietor, Mr. \V. E. Forrestal, is a New I'.nglander bv birth and an ex- perienced hotel man, who took charge in December, iSSS, and si)ares no effort to make his guests at home, and ])rovide for their wants in an accepta- ble manner. The house itself is a handsome and attractive two-storv fiame strnctnre, 50 feet front by 1 50 feet deep, witli mansard roof, and broad and airv ]iiazzas and veran- das. The oltice, reading room, dining room, and par- lors are on the main floor, the sleejiing apartments up stairs, the whole lighted by gas, heated bv steam, and capa- ble of housing 150 patrons. The table is abundantly sup- ])lied with the best tiie market affords — the choicest meats, fish, fowl, vegetables, fruits, berries — substantials and delicacies of everv obtainable kind, prepared, cooked, and served in first-class stvle, while the guests' rooms are handsomelv and neatly fiuiiished, clean, tidy, and attractive, with luxurious and restful beds. Kates are cpiitc reasonable — 52 to S-.50 per day for transients. iy4 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS II.I.US IK ATKD. AMHERST. TH !•! town of Amherst is bounded on the nortli by FrankHii county, on the east by tlie towns of Pelham and Belchertovvn, on tlie west by tlie town of Hadley, and on the soutli by Granby and South Hadley. The area is 18,400 acres and the population about 4,000. Tlie landscape is much l)roken, and for the most part quite elevated. The village of Amherst is situated upon a lofty ridge and reached by the Massachusetts Central and New Loudon Northern railroads. Arhherst is a celebrated seat of learning. Here are situated the world-renowned Amherst College and the Massachusetts Agricultural College, and the influence of these institutions is felt throughout our own country and in many distant lands. AMHERST HOUSE. C. G. Putney, Proprietor— Cor. Amity and Pleasant Sts. During a periud of forty years or inoie disci iniinating visitors to Amiicist liavc made tlie old Amherst Mouse their temporary home, and few indeed and far between have been the complaints on the score of accommodations and entertainment. The original structure was destroyed bv lire, and the present one opened for business in Julv, iSSo. It is ot lirick, three stories in heiglit, 55 x iio feet, and is in ail respects first-class in arrangement and manage- ment. On the first floor are the handsome office and reading-rooni, two parlors, two sample- rooms for the convenience of commercial travelers, l)illiard-room containing four tables, bar- ber-shop with three chairs, etc. On the second floor are the large and lofty dining-room, and several of the fortv-eight sleeping apartments, the remainder being on the third floor, all cosv, comfortable, and handsomely furnished. The entire house is lighted bv ciectricitv, steam heated, and provided inevervroom with electric bells that communicate witii the ottice. The taljle is supi^lied with every substantial and delicacy in abundance, skillfully and ai>pe- tizingly i)repared, and served by polite and attentive waiters. l,:indlord C. G. i'utnev, who succeeded Mr. J. 15. Ryan on the first of \ovcmber last, is an experienced and capable host, having for five years presided over the iiojiular Valley Hotel at lIillsl)i)ro Bridge, \. H. His rates are quite moderate, accommodations and service consid- ered, and guests receive every attention. L. E. DICKINSON, Manufacturer of Tool Chests, Packing Boxes, etc. — Dealer in Sash. Doors, Blinds, and Builders' Materials — Cor. Whitney and College Sts. In f(jrmcr times the nicthanic — more especially the carpenter — who, unprovided with a fine chest of tools, applied for employment, laid himself open to sus|)icion. Modern improve- ments in machinerv have done away to a great extent with the necessity for each competent journevman providing himself with so large and varied a collection ; nevertheless they are convenient to have, and the superior workman usually jirovides idniscif with all that are re(piired, and a strong, neat, and conveniently arranged chest in which to kee|) them safe when not in use. This applies to other trades besides carpentering, and consecpiently there is still a considerable demand for chests — which, bv the way, when jiroperly made with dove- tailed corners, i)aneled sides, ends, and lids, and finislied with handsome mouldings, hinges, and lock, compact and dmable, are looked upon by competent judges as ilicf d'auvrcs of mechanical skill. Com|)arativelv few workmen nowadays make their own tool-chests, for the good and sulifi- cient reason, aniong others, that they can buy them ready-made at less cost of time and money. Among the most noted of those whose specialty it is to supply the demand for chests and similar devices is Mr. L. K. Dickinson, who first engaged in the box business at North Amherst .some fifteen vears ago. subse(|uently removing to Amherst, where he has com- modious shops consisting of several one and two story buildings fitted up with appropriate INLAND iMASSACHUSET'lS ILLUSl'R A TKI). 195 woodworking inachiiieiy, motive power being supplied by a 25-liorse-povver steam engine. Sixteen hands aie employed, and Ijesides chests great quantities of ])acking cases and shij)- ping boxes are constructed to order for manufacturers of l)oots, shoes, woolen and iron goods, etc. Mr. Dickinson also has in stock doors, sash, blinds, and other materials for builders, and prepares every description of inside finish and dressed stuff to order. WARE. T^HE town of Ware forms the southeastern corner of Hampshire county •^ and contains about 18,000 acres of hill and dale, well supplied with running water. The Ware river flows through the southeastern extrem- ity, and on the western bank stands the busy village of Ware. The Ware River railroad connects the place with the Boston & Albany railroad on the southwest and extends through Worcester county to New Hampshire on the north, while the Massachusetts Central railroad passes through from east to west. CHARLES A. STEVENS & CO. Manufacturers of Colored, White, and Opera Flannels — Maple St., Ware. A prominent representative of Massachusetts' varied industries is the great fiannel mill of Charles A. Stevens & Co., established by the senior partner in 1841. The present firm was organized in 1S72 by the admission of Mr. Stevens' son Charles K., an accomplished business man, carefully trained to this calling, alert, energetic, public-spirited, a popular citi- zen, and at this writing State Senator from the Worcester and Hamjishire district. The mill proper is an im]:)osing three-and-a-half-story brick structure, 40 x 250 feet, pro- vided with both water and steam power, and containing a com]5rehensive equipment that includes twelve sets of cards, twenty-eight mules and jacks, and ninety looms capable of pro- ducing 50,000 yards of superior woolen fabrics weekly. Adjoining the mill are the dye and wool house, of brick, two stories, 45 x 131 feet; the opera finishing house, brick, two-and-a- half stories, 42 x 58 feet ; the three-storv brick picker-house, 15 x 40 feet ; the store-house, the, tenter-house, the usual drv-sheds and the office building, the latter neatly fitted up and com- modious. One hundred and seventv-five operatives are employed, and the product of col- ored, white, and oj^era flannels is sold in every market between the Atlantic and the Pacific, between the lakes and the gulf. Mr. Stevens, senior, was born at North Andover August 9, 1816, and is consequently seventy-three years of age. His life has been and is still a busy one, and he is prominently connected with numerotis manufacturing enterjirises — president of the John Russell Cutlery Company of Turner's Falls, president of the Turner's Falls Water Power Company, presi- dent of the Cotton and Woolen Manufacturers' Fire Insurance Comjiany of lioston, and president of the Ware River Manufacturing Comjiany. He has served one term in Congress, and is a jiolitical and moral jiower in the State. WARE RIVER MANUFACTURING COMPANY. C. A. Stevens, President ; J. Edwin Smith, Secretary and Treasurer — Water Power. The Ware river has its sources among the springs of Northern Massachusetts, and fur- nishes an unfailing supplv of water that as yet is but partially utilized in manufacturing. The reservoirs at Rutland and Hubbardston were constructed by this ce)mpany, individual mem- bers of which own considerable (|uantitics of desirable lands at available points and will dis])ose of mill sites to proper parties on favorable terms. President Stevens is a member of the firm of Charles A. Stevens & Co., manufacturers of flannels; .Secretarv Smith resides at liarre. The board of directors is composed of President Stevens, L. N. Ciibert, president of the Geo. H. Cilbert Mc.nufacturing Companv. Agent II. Pjaker of the Otis Company, and J. 1"^. Smith. FRANKLIN COUNTY. ORCIAMZA riON — liklll" DKSCRIl' rioN FLOURlSHlNtl VILLAGKS, F1M-. lAK.M- IN(; LANDS. AND LOVELY SCENKRV. T I lie act of the Legislature creating the county of Franklin and mak- ing Greenfield the capital was passed June 24, 181 1, and went into effect on the 2d of December following. The first court-house and jail, unpretentious structures but sufficient for the time, were erected in 1813. and together cost not much more than $8,000. A second court-house was buill in 1848-1849, remodeled in 1854-1855. further improved in suc- ceeding years, and almost entirely rebuilt and greatly enlarged in 1872- 1873. A new stone jail was erected in 1831, and the present jail and house of correction completed in 1856 at a cost of $30,000. Two new towns — Monroe and Erving — were erected in 1822 and 1838 respectively, and some changes made in the latter year by which Charlemont and Rowe gained addilioual territor}'. Franklin county at this lime includes twenty-six towns, viz. : Ashfield, Bernardston. Buckland, Cjiarlemont. Coleraine, Conway, Deerfield, Erving, Gill, Greenfield, Hawley, Heath, Leverett, Leyden, Monroe, Montague, New Salem, Xorthfield, Orange, Rowe, Shelburne, Shutesbury, Sunderland, Warwick, Wendell, and Whately. Population of county, census of 1885, 37.449. TOWN OF GREENFIELD. Tllli jiresent town of Greenfield — then the Green River district — was separated from Deerfield in 1672, and at that time included the ter- ritory since erected into the town of (lill and a part of Shelburne. A year later William Allis and others were auliiorized to manage tiie colo- nization of the district, the division of the land, and t>ther matters jiertain- ing to its settlement. The first recorded grant was made in 1686, to Nathaniel Brooks, twenty acres at " (jreen River." It would be tedious and unprofital)le to go into a detailed account of all the small events that form the history of the district previous to 1753, when the town of Greenfield was incorporated. The growth in popula- tion was necessarily slow, for the French and Indian wars raged then, and there was little inducement for the people of the older settlements to tempt the dangers of the frontier. It was not, therefore, until after the Revolution, in which she took an active and honorable part, that (ireen- field really began to prosper. The lands of the town, away from the Connecticut river, are f)f a somewhat hilly character, but for the most part fertile and susceptible of INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 1 97 high cultivation, while those lying along the Connecticut are rich, level, and extremely desirable, farms located on the borders of that stream commanding very high prices. Green river, flowing from north to south, is in the western portion, emptying into the Deerheld. Fall river, taking its course through the northeast quarter of the town, discharges its small volume into the Connecticut at Turner's Falls. Numerous small brooks empty into the larger streams named. The Rocky mountain ridge, fol- lowing the general course of the Connecticut, is a picturesque range of moderate height, seldom greater than 200 feet and for the most part much less. The " Poet's Seat," one mile north of Greenfield village, reaches the greatest altitude and commands delightful views in every direction. From here may be seen the villages of Greenfield, Deerfield, Montague, Turner's Falls ; the Connecticut, Green, and Deerfield rivers and their valleys ; the Shelburne, Bernardston, and Leyden hills ; Mount Grace, Monadnock mountain. Mounts Toby, Mettawampe, Tom, and Hol- yoke. Population of town and village, census of 1885, 4,869. VILLAGE OF GREENFIELD. The original settlement of the town was made here, and around it clusters the business interests of the community. Here are located most of the factories, the newspaper offices, the banks, the schools, the library, the churches, the town offices, the county court-house, the prison, and all the necessary county offices. It is a lovely place, adorned with many handsome and commodious public buildings and elegant private resi- dences, and in the center, on a small iron-railed plot called the common, stands a beautiful Scotch granite shaft, surmounted by a bronze eagle and bearing upon its pedestal an inscription as follows : " Greenfield erects this monument in grateful honor to her patriotic sons who offered their lives in suppressing the great rebellion, and for the preservation of the National Union — i86i-'65." About 400 citizens of the town and vil- lage enlisted during the war, and of these forty-three fell victims to bul- lets or disease. Greenfield is a busy place, the scene of considerable manufacturing, and is connected with the outside world by three railroad lines — the Con*- necticut River, the Troy & Greenfield, and the Fitchburg. An electric railway is projected to Turner's Falls, and will probably be completed next summer. GEORGE H. WRIGHT, Proprietor of Franklin House Livery, Feed, and Boarding Stable — Bank Row. Uf tlie rational pleasures of life few yield higher enjoyment than is obtained from a drive behind a fine team in a stylish tinnout over a good road, through a picturesque country such as abounds in this region. The visitor to or citizen of Clreenfield desirous of taking such a drive will find the re(]uisite ap])urtenances at the Franklin House livery stable on Bank row, kept by Mr. (ieorge II. Wright. This stable was established many years ago, and is well known and liberally ]iatronizcd. Among the more recent ])ropriefors were Allen & Gerritt, and Gerritt & Kowlcr, Mr. Wriglit succeeding the latter tirm on tiie 13th of last July. The plant has been twice destroyed by fire, and the present building is 30 .x 100 feet, two stories, frame, well a]i]iointed in all respects. Eight horses and fourteen vehicles — carriages, buggies, sleighs, and cutters — arc ke|)t for hire, anil parties in want of teams for business or pleasure driving will be promiitly accommodated at reasonable rates. Mr. Wright is a native of Montague, a machinist bv trade, and gives his personal attention to the stable, where a number of private horses are regularly boarded, and animals fed every dav for transient customers. ipS IM.AM) MASSArmSK I IS 1 IMS IK A TKl). WILEY & RUSSELL MANUFACTURING CO. Charles P. Russell. President and Treasurer — Manufacturers of Patent Screw-Cut- ting and other Labor-Saving Machinists' and Plumbers' Machinery, Blacksmiths' and Carriage Makers' Tools — Greenfield, Mass. It is a tact of general acceptation wherever civilization and in)j)ioved methods have pene- trated, that in the held of machinery and special tools Yankee ingennity lias no peer. A born mechanic, the descendant of the I'ilgiini fathers has developed an aptitude for devising and constructing implements (jf industry sucii as characterizes no olhci people under the sun, and rea])s a corresponding reward in fame and wealth. A notable outgrowth of this faculty of excellence is the great tool and machinery works of the Wiley & Russell Manufacturing Com- pany, situated on the west i)ank of Green river at Greenfield. The works include foundry, forge, and machine shops, and are cc|uippcd with apjiroved machinL-rv and appliances in all departments. (Jnc hundred and forty hands arc employed, and the output compiises a gen- eral line of supcrioi' tools and macliincrv of the varieties indicated above. 'l"hc celebrated " I.ighlning " and " < Ircon Kivcr " scitw plates. " Lightning " bolt-cutters for hand and ]iowcr use, fine taps and dies, reamers and countersinks, punching presses, "Green River" drilling machines, tire benders, tire upsetters, liolt and rivet clippers, etc. Their leading siiecialties are -dies and taps doing their work at a single cut, as in the " r.ightning" and "(Jrecn River " screw jilates and bolt cutting machines for hand and jiower. It need hardly he said that the methods for screw cutting which thev introduced — necessarily under great difficulties at first — are now very generally approved and adopted in this country. rrrj-r rffff t / f f r / r fi \^m^mm\m^smm^^^m \ Tf" ••W..;-^___ ^^^^^_^ ,^ Their taps arc all machine relieved, the teeth being chased with absolute precision and INLAND MASSACHUSEITS ILLUSTRATED. 199 uniformity both as to shape and size by special machinery which is believed to be the most complete ui existence, every detail going to make the most perfect taps being carefully regarded. A handsomely illustrated catalogue and price-list of 66 pages is mailed tree to the trade, and fully describes the vari- ous devices we have space only to name. Perhaps the best recommendation of this company's productions is found in the fact that' they are in constantly in- creasing use by progressive mechanics all over the United States, and are fast finding their way to foreign lands where, if the intelligent artisan cannot com- pete with, he can and does appreciate American genius and workmanship. The accomjianying cut shows the Wiley & Russell Manufacturing Com- IKinv's new No. 55 bolt-cutter, nut- tapi)cr, pipe-threader, and cutting-off- machinc, with ojriening dies, an ini- jjrovement in this class of machinery tlie obvious atlvantages of which need not be i^ointed out to any capable me- chanic. B. B. NOYES & CO., Manufacturers of Children's Carriage Hardware and Trimmings, Kitchen Hardware, Garden and Floral Tools— Hope St. The resident of city or town cannot fail to have noticed the vast numbers of children's carriages with which the sidewalks are dotted of pleasant afternoons, nor, if of a speculative turn of m i n d, can he have helped wond e r- ing where they all come f r o m. We are not pre- ])ared to answer this question in its entiretv, but can state that the hardware used in ^ their con st r ac- tion is largely produced bv the tirni named above. I'he w o r k s of M( --r-;. M. l;. \o\c-. \ ('11., at ( iri'i-nni,-ld — ill nstratrd almvc — air ai 1\ aiit.igeously situated on Hope street adjoining the railroad tracks, and consist of several commodious brick build- ings utilized as machine-shop, woodworking shop, wareliouse, oftice, shij^ping department, etc., equipi)ed with all available labor-saving devices, the macliinery tlriven by a 40-horsc-])ower steam engine. From thirtv-five to forlv hands are eniploved. and immense cjuantities of tlie hardware and trimmings referred to are jModuced here and sup|)lied to the trade throughout the Eastern and Middle States, the goods being of superior cpialitv and style, and in steady demand bv manufacturers of light wheeled veliicles for children. A verv important branch of the business conducted here is the manufacture of garden and floral tools and implements, and kitchen hardware, the market for which specialties extends all over the continent. The tools for horticultural and floricultural purposes made here are of the best cpiality, bear the celebrated ".\merican" brand, and include sjiades, rakes, hoes, forks, wcedcrs, trowels, etc., in great variety of sizes, styles, and finish. Of kitchen goods maybe noted mincing knives, double and single, in various patterns, cake turners in all stvles, meat and toasting forks skimmers, basting and preserve spoons, tea and table .spoons, several kinds of can-openers tinned and ])lain stove lookers, lid-lifters, etc. ^^r 1!. H. Xoves established these works on a small scale in iS6v and luis liuilt up a tlourishing industrv. He is a natural mechanical genius, a blacksmith bv traile, and turned out the first carriage axle ever made on a screw machine, the work being done previously on the lathe and much more slowly. He has had several partners, but for a nund:)er of years has managed the concern alone. Catalogues and price lists are supplied to all applicants. INLAND MASSACHLSETTS ILI.fS 1 R A 1 KD. GREENFIELD SAVINGS BANK. Robert Abercrombie, President; William A. Forbes, Vice-President; Chester C. Conant, Secretary ; Albert M. Gleason, Treasurer — Mansion House Block, Main Street. The savings bank is enipiiatically the poor man's temporal proviilencc, and the savings banks of this State, conducted under the rigid ])rovisions of laws made cspeciallv for the pro- tection of depositors, are the strongest, tiie most reliable, tiie most conservative in the L'nion — the pattern upon which similar institutions elsewhere are modeled. A prijminent representa- tive of this interest is the (ireentield Savings Hank, incorporated 1S69. occupying tasty otihces in the Mansion House block. Main street, (^f the ofiicers, President Robert Abercrombie is a leading citizen of Deerfield, and Vice-President Forbes of (Jrecnfield, being a director of the I'ackard National liank ; Chester C. Conant has been secretary for many years, antl Ali)ert M. Gleason, a native of \cw Praintree, treasurer for the past eigiit years. Investment com- mittee — \V. A. Forbes, I,. J. {iunn, Charles K. Lowell, .S. H. .Slate, .\. M. Cleason. Auditors — K. A. Hall, K. F. I.yman. Trustees — Robert .Miercrombic, George A. .Arms, Leonard Harton, K. .\. Hall, Chester C. Conant, Charles R. Lowell, Newell Snow, l-xhvard K. Lyman, Matthew Chapman, Levi J. Gimn, William A. Forbes, Salmon 1'. White, .Seorcm 1!. .Slate, Chelsea Cook, Charles IL Green, William >L Smead, A. C". Walker. From Jidv 1, i86g, to Juiv i, 1SS9, the total deposits footed up three million six hundred and lortv-eight thousand, si.\ hundred and eightv-nine dollars and twenty-seven cents; amount withdrawn, 53,21 1,102.57 ; forty dividends paid to depositors, aggregating 5795,268.40. Income for year entling July i, 1S89, 567,803 4S j dividends to tiepositors, 552.797.63. Sums from 5l to 51,000 are received on dejjosit at 4 ])cr cent., and ])erniitted to accumidate on compound interest. January i and Jidy i are dividend days; interest due from borrowers June i and December i, antl ta.xes on deposits are ])aid bv the bank. Notice has never been rec|uired at any time from those who wish to withdraw a part or the whole of their deposit. The bank holds no investment from which no income is received and no real estate by foreclosure. I'ass books must alwavs be i)resented for de|)osits or pavmcnts. Dej^ositors are required to bring or send i)ass books to be written up as often as once in three years at least. AjJiJended is the semi-annual rejjort of date July i, 1889: — AS.SETS. Public funds, ii.ir v.tIuc *202,5oo 00 Bniik slock, par v.ilue 125,100 00 Railroad bonds, par value 20,000 00 ■ Loans on real estate 73.1)4f'7 27 Loans on persona) security 192,253 46 Loans on bank stock 25,129 00 Loans on depositors* pass books 1,713 00 Loans to towns 20,700 00 Premiiuns on stocks and bonds 40,000 00 Unpaid intercil 2,<'44 5' Kurnltiue and fixtures 1,00000 Casli in National banks on interest 7Q,S53 04 Cash on hand 2,442 2b Total. ,4.,6,8o2 54 LI Al-.II.iriKS. Due depositors $1,389,623 03 (Juaranlee fund 3<',725 00 Profits 20,454 51 Total ? 1 ,446,802 CHARLES R. FIELD, Manufacturer of Woodwork for Baby Carriages— Off Mill St. 'i'hc manufacture of baby carriages is an industry of comparatively recent origin, yet has grown to vast proportions, iiivolying immense capital and the employment of huncireds of skillftil mechanics. In this as in most other industries the division of lalxir has proved prolit- able, and therefore we find the various i)arls made at various places asseiidiled, finished, and the complete vehicle made ready for the market at another. Thus, two of the leading factories are located in Greenfield — one devoted to harilwarc and trimmings, the other to fine wood- work. A description of the first-named will be found on another page; it is of the second that we would now write. It is thirtv-five years since Mr. Charles R. Field began on a small scale the manufacture of running gear for children's carriages. From time to time during that period various changes and impiovements have been adopted, with all of which he h:)s kept fully abreast, and con- tinues to turn out the best ])ossible work in his s])eciallies, wood w iicels and handles. .Several years ago the attempt was made to supersede wood wheels with iron, but ex]ierience soon demonstrated that for that ]>nrposc at least wood was the best — tiie strongest, the handsomest, the most durable, and in the long rtm the cheapest — and mantifactiirers returned to its use, buying more hcayilv than ever. Mr. Field's btisincss has grown steadily from the first, and INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSl'RATED. 20I his facilities have increased with the demand upon his resources until he now occupies a large two-and-a-half-story factory, 24 x 200 feet, fitted up with improved machinery driven by a 60- horse-power steam engine, and employs from twenty to twenly-five hrst-class workmen. An So-horse-power boiler supplies steam for the engine, for wood-bending and for heating pur- poses. The choicest white ash is used exclusively, the work is of the best quality, and the capacity is 150,000 wheels and a proportionate number of handles annually, all of which are readily disposed of to the trade in the Middle and Western States. Tough white ash is scarce in the' West, and manufacturers there find it more profitable to buy their woodwork here than to make it. Mr. P'ield was born here, has been one of the selectmen for some nine years, is a bank director and a prominent and influential citizen. EMIL WEISSBROD, Manufacturer of Bill Books, Pocket Books, Music Rolls, Calf-Skin Wallets, etc. — Cor. Hope and Prospect Sts., Greenfield. The manufacture of leather goods of all kinds is vigorously prosecuted throughout New England, and among the prominent representatives of one branch of this industry stands Mr. Emil Weissbrod, who during the past twenty years has been engaged in the designing and production of such specialties as come under the head of bill and pocket books, wallets, music- rolls, and similar goods — for the first eighteen years at Montague, removing in 1SS7 to Green- field, where he occupies the old jail building on the corner of Hope and Prospect streets — an extensive and substantial brick structure, remodeled at considerable expense, and now com- prising an elegant residence in front, while the factory, four stories in height, commodious, well arranged, and completely equipped with electric lights, electric motor, etc., is in rear. Here thirty first-class operatives are employed, and vast quantities of fine work is produced, the leading specialties comprising high-grade modern improved and stylish bill-books, pocket- books, and music-rolls in choice leather, and the famous old reliable hand-sewed calf-skin wal- let in various styles — standard goods that are unexcelled for neatness, finish, and durability. He has recently patented and is manufacturing also an ingenious and effective safe wallet, designed to preserve valuable ])a]iers from charring while the safe is exj^osed to a prolonged fire. All work is done bv hand and expressly for the jobbing trade, to whose orders everything turned out bv this factorv is made. Everything is of the best, and the trade and consumers may depend upon material and workmanship. Probably the first of January, 1S90, will see at least thirty-five hands employed. Mr. Weissbrod is a native of Saxony, a courteous and enterprising man. His son Carl and Mr. F. W. Foster represent the house in the principal trade centers. AMERICAN HOUSE. G. H. Chatfield, Proprietor— Main St. The American is a popular and long-established house, first ojiened many years ago, and conducted by D. S. Simons i)rcvious to the accession of .Mr. G. H. Chatfield last May. The main building is of brick, four stories in height, 50 x 100 feet, with three-storv frame exten- sion, 60 x 100 feet. On the second floor front are a commodious oflice and reading-room, bar, sample-rooms, parlor, and large dining-room, all conveniently fitted up with one hundred sleeping apartments up stairs, comfortably furnished, neat and clean, the entire house being lighted bv electricity and gas, with electric bells, baths, and hot and cold water on every floor. The table is well supplied with the l)est the market affords, and the service is excellent. Mr. Chatfield is an experienced host, having kept a leading hotel at Brattleboro, Vt., pre- vious to his present venture. Rates are moderate — $2 per day. 14 TOWN OF MONTAGUE. THE town of Montague contains 16,520 acres, of which the greater por- tion is cultivated, the surface of the country being rather level and well adapted to farming, though there is much hilly land but no mount- ains. The principal streams traversing the town are the Connecticut and Miller's rivers, the former furnishing vast water power at Turner's Falls, while the most available mill sites on the latter are found at Miller's Falls. Sawmill river is an inconsiderable stream in the southwestern corner. Lake Pleasant, 100 acres in extent, situated on the Fitchburg railroad near Montague Center, is a popular pleasure resort. Turner's P'alls, five miles above Greenfield, is connected with the latter place by a branch of the same road. Miller's Falls is reached by the Xew London Northern and the Fitchburg roads — the Vermont and Massachu- setts branch of the latter road bisecting the town. The original settle- ment was made on Sawmill river in 1716. TrRNERS FALLS, The principal village and rapidly growing in importance, the scene of a cruel massacre of Indians by Capt. Turner in 1676, was laid out in 1867 by the Turner's Falls Company-, organized by the late Hon. Alva Croclver of Fitchburg. who perceived in the immense water power of the Connec- ticut river iii this point the opportunity of founding here a great manu- facturing city, and hastened to improve it. The principal industries of Turner's Falls are described further along. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. TURNER'S FALLS PAPER COMPANY. 203 B.N. Farren, President; Willard E. Everett, Treasurer — Manufacturers of News Papers — Turner's Falls. The reporter traveling from city to city and village to village in Western Massachusetts, visiting a greater or smaller number of paper mills at each of his stopping places, is apt to wonder what becomes of the vast aggregate product, and upon inquiry is told that it is all consumed as fast as made ; that the demand is fully equal to the suppiv, and that the print- ers, being constantly pressed for material with which to gratify the popular appetite for books and newspapers, are themselves living embodiments of Oliver Twist in their cry for " more." A conspicuous representative of the news printing paper industry is the i'urner's Falls Paper Company, incorporated in 1879, capital §120,000. The mill property is eligibly situ- ated, with a side-track from the Fitchburg, New Haven & Northam]3ton railroad entering the ]3remises, affording excellent shipping facilities. The buildings are of brick, one of two stories, 65 .\ 150 feet, the other of one story, 65 x 100 feet, a fire-proof tower standing between. The outfit is first-class and includes, besides all other requisite accessories, two 1,200-pound washers, and two 500-pound beating engines, two Gould engines and one Jordan engine, both of great capacity, and several Fourdrinier paper machines, the whole driven by 200-horse water-power. From si.xty to seventy hands are em]3loyed, and the output, of superior news papers only, averages 16,000 pounds every working day. These papers are sold to the large dailies in New York and Chicago, and have the reputation of being the best in the market. President Farren resides in Philadelphia, and Treasurer Everett at Turner's Falls. Both are enterprising paper manufacturers and prominent representatives of that great industry. CROCKER NATIONAL BANK. R. N. Oakman, President; D. P. Abercrombie, Cashier — Turner's Falls. It is a little surprising to fiiid in so small a place as Turner's Fails a National bank of such importance as the one above named ; but when the e.xtent of manufactures in the town and vicinity is taken into consideration the wonder ceases. The Crocker National Bank was incorporated with capital stock to the amount of $300,000 in 1S72, and from its inception has proved successful, rendering valuable aid to the business communitv and earning fair returns for the stockholders. The institution engages in no wild speculations, l)ut is liberal toward legitimate enteriirise, and enjoys, as it deserves, the confidence and patronage of the business public. .\ general banking business is conducted in loans and discounts, drafts and collec- tions, a specialty l)eing made of deposits and individual, firm, and corporation accounts. The 204 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. verv satisfactory condition of the Crocker National's affairs is shown by the appended ment of September 30, 1SS9 : — RESOURCES. I 2,365 46 3.45' 00 260 37 14.340 00 3.000 00 2, =50 00 1,000 00 LLADILITIES. Capital stock paid in <:30o,ooo 00 Surplus fund 60,000 00 Undivided profits 26,564 87 National bank notes outstanding 45)Ooo 00 Dividends unpaid 9,030 00 Individual deposits subject to check 189,876 26 Demand certificates of de|X)sit 22,128 82 Due to other national banks 13,033 96 Loans and discounts ?53'i5oo 47 Overdrafts secured and unsecured 111 08 U. S. bonds to secure circulation 50,000 00 Other stocks, bonds, and mortgages 8,319 88 Due from approved reserve agents 47,o35 65 Real estate, furniture, and fixtures 2,00000 Checks and other cash items Bills of other banks Fractional paper currency, nickels, and cents Specie Legal tender notes Redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circulalion) Due from U. S. Treasurer other than 5 per cent, redemption fund Total §665,633 91 Total $665,633 91 President Oakman is a native of Turner's Falls, where he has lived all his life. Cashier Abercronibie is from Lunenburg, and is treasurer of the Crocker Institute for Savings. NEW ENGLAND FIBRE COMPANY. C. Comstock, President; H. A. Lamb, Treasurer; C. R. Stoughton, Supt.— Manu- facturers of Sulphite Fibre for Paper-Makers' Use — Turner's Falls, Mass. The works of the New England Fibre Company at Turner's Falls were erected and started in May, 1888, and are among the largest and most complete in this part of the country, the plant representing an investment of |ioo,ooo. 'J'he buildings, of two and three stories, partly brick and partly frame, cover ground 40 .\ 200 feet, ami are tilted uji with all the latest improvements in digesters and machinery, including two of the wonderful " wet machines," respectivelv of :;4 and 7S inches capacity, all driven i)y two engines of 50 and 40 horse-power. From twenty to'thirtv men arc employed, and the otiti)ul is very large and of superior quality, INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 205 being used by paper-makers generally throughout New England. The demand is already fully equal to the capacity, and additional facilities will soon be required. President Comstock resides in New York, and Treasurer Lamb in Boston. Messrs. W. P. Crocker, Thomas L. and C. Comstock, and H. A. Lamb are the directors. FARREN HOUSE. E. V. Foster, Proprietor — Turner's Falls. A principal attraction of this very attractive village is her leading hotel, the Farren House, erected and opened about twenty years ago, and since 1S81 conducted by that genial host and popular gentleman, E. V. Foster, whose administration has proved most satisfac- jj^ tory to the public and yS pro'fitable to himself, 3^^^:; while the fame of the Farren has spread abroad, and the bet- ter class of travel- ers who visit the F"alls on business or pleas- ure invariably seek its hospitable shelter. The building is a fine one, of brick, four sto- ries in height, 160 feet front, 80 feet deep, with mansard roof and cupola in center. The ground floor is , , , j occupied by a commodious office, reading rnom, sample rooms, billiard and pool room, and barber shop, while on the second floor are three sumptuous parlors, a grand dining-room, etc. Li all there are eighty elegantly appointed sleeping apartments, provided with every requisite comfort and convenience. Guests are supplied wiUi the best of everything, and the table and cuisine are noted far and near for abundance, skill, and enjoyment. ICvery provision is made for security against fire and accident, and the office is in telephonic communication with the central exchange. Rates are quite reasonable. fjilljlMlsililiiifi CROCKER INSTITUTE FOR SAVINGS. J. H. Root, President; D. P. Abercrombie, Treasurer. A sound and successful representative of the savings bank system that has done so much to inspire and cultivate habits of thrift among the working classes is the Crocker Institute for Savings, incorporated in 1S69. This popular and well-patronized institution occupies ele- gant offices in its own fine three-story granite building, and is in a remarkably flourishing con- dition, as will be seen from the subjoined statement taken from the books June 25, 1SS9: — ASSETS. Loans on real estate $302,772 00 Loans on personal security '30,547 4° Loans on bank stock 12,350 00 Loans on town securities 29,546 25 Bank stocks 28,47250 LIABILITIES. Deposits S615.074 06 Interest. Guaranty Profit and loss Town bonds. City bonds . . . . Railroad bonds. Real estate Premiums Expenses Cash 1 1 ,000 00 21,000 00 40,000 00 3 1 ,000 00 i.oSo 00 2,364 06 •6,045 33 Total $635,178 34 Total ?635,i7S 34 Deposits are received at any time during business hours, and interest begins on the first of January, Ai)ril, Ttilv, and October. .\nv sum from 5i to Sr.ooo mav be deiiosited and remain until iirincijial and interest aggregate 5 1,600. The first of January and July are dividend days, when interest is credited to depositors. 2o6 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. TOWN OF SHELBURNE. T^HE first permanent settlement was made at Shelburne Falls in 1760 * by Martin Severance and Daniel Ryder, who occupied lands pre- viously taken up about 1753 by Jonathan Catlin and James Ryder of Deerfield, and from which they were forced by the Indians to retire. The country is rugged and rocky, and was long regarded as of little value save for the pasturage it afforded. The principal eminences are Bald and Greenfield mountains. Dragon, East, Shingle, and Brimstone hills. The Deerfield river skirts the western and southern borders, makes a short bend at Shelburne Falls village, where there is a forty-foot cata- ract, and furnishes an unfailing and valuable water power. Sluice, Dragon, and Shingle l)rc)oks empty into the Deerfield, and Hinsdale and Allen's brooks into Green river. The town boasts two villages, Shel- burne Center and Shelburne Falls. The first-named is of no importance, save as a rural summer retreat. SHELBURNE FALLS. Shelburne Falls is a flourishnig village of from 1,600 to 2,000 inhabit- ants, and is divided into two parts by the Deerfield river, which at this point forms the boundary between the towns of Shelburne and Buckland. The village proper, with its mercantile houses, factories, banks, churches, schools, etc., is situated in Shelburne, while on the opposite side are the immense works of the Lamson & Goodnow Cutlery Company, described below. It is a lovely spot, surrounded by romantic scenery, and pos- sesses many attractions for the traveler and the seeker for opportunities of investments. LAMSON & GOODNOW MANUFACTURING CO., Manufacturers of Superior Table Cutlery, Butcher, Cook, and Hunting Knives — Sole Owners and Manufacturers of the Gardner Patent Carver Fork Guard and Rest— Shelburne Falls— S. D. Bardwell, President; F. A. Ball, Secretary; H. H. Mayhew, Treasurer; R. N. Oakman, Jr., Manager. The fame of the Lamson & Goodnow cutlery lias giadiially extended since the establish- ment of the old firm in 1S46, until at the present time these goods are in general use and increasing popularity all over the United States, Canada, Mexico, Central and South America. The present company were organized in 1S56, and have several times enlarged their facilities and capital slock, each time to meet actual demands, and at this time the works comprise some eight or nine commodious brick and frame buildings, of one to three-and-a-half stories, some roofed with sheet iron, and covering in all two and a half acres. The company own thirty acres of land and the dam on the i)rcmises— 24 feet fall, affording 300-horsc-power — and have the ojnion of another equal jxjwer just below, their own water privilege consisting of seven acres, and being one of the most desirable on the 1 )eerfield river. Their machinery e(iui]iment is first-class, and embraces every device suitable to the work to be performed — forges, trip hammers, lathes, cnierv wheels,' etc., in abundance and great variety. Two hundred and twenty-five skilled and unskilled operatives arc employed, and the tenem'ents in which they live form quite a village. It would be impossible to describe either the processes or the goods of this company in the space to which we are confined. Suffice it to say that they manufacture every description of INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 207 fine and medium table cutlery with solid steel, pearl, ivory, celluloid, bone, rubber, cocobolo, and other handles, and with plain or silver-plated blades and tines, silver-plated forks, butchers', bread, cheese, hunting, and other knives, etc. A specialty which they control, and which has proved a very popular convenience, is the Gardner patent carver fork guard and rest, which commends itself at a glance. H. S. SHEPARDSON", Manufacturer of Water Wheels — Mayhew's Building. Mr. Shepardson is a skilled mechanic of long and varied experience in his specialty, and established himself in ShelburneP'alls last year as a manufacturer of water wheels of all kinds, giving prompt and careful attention to orders for both construction and repairs. Occujiying commodious quarters in Mayhew's building, he employs several first-class workmen, gives all work his personal supervision, and is steadily building up a flourishing business, mill-owners sending special jobs to him or for him to go often to distances of fifty miles or more. He is well equipped with the requisite ajipliances and machinerv for making and finishing castings and forgings, and makes leading specialties of improved wheels of ten to forty-eight inches diameter. 2o8 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. ERVING. ER\'IN(i is one of Franklin county's smallest towns, bounded on the north by Northfield, on the east by Warwick and Orange, on the west by Montague and Gill, and on the south by Montague and Wendell. Miller's river flows along the southern boundary, and the Connecticut washes the western border for a short distance. At Miller's Falls and at Erving Center the rapids of Miller's river furnish superb water powers that are utilized for manufacturing purposes. The first permanent set- tlement was made in or about the year iSoi, by Colonel Asaph White, w'ho dammed the river at the falls, built a saw mill, and started a tavern in 1S03. The territory, previously known as Erving's Grant, was incorpo- rated as I'^rving in Apiil, 1S3S. It is hilly and stony for the most part, but, owing to the excellent water power that abounds, offers great advantages to manufacturers. Miller's Falls and Erving Center are the only villages of note. The first is situated on the north bank of the river opposite the manufacturing village of Miller's Falls in the town of Wendell; the latter, also on Miller's river and a station on the Fitchburg railroad, is the seat of government for the town, contains a fine town hall and other hand- some buildings, and gives every indication of industry and thrift. ALLEN & BROOKS, Manufacturers of Dovetailed Lock-Corner Wood Packing Boxes — Shops in Noah Rankin's Chair Works Building. 'I'he superior strength and neatness of the dovetailed box is conceded on all hands, and its general adoption for the packing of certain classes of goods has only been prevented by the extra cost, the method of manufacture hitherto in vogue involving considerably more time and labor than are consumed in constructing the ordinary nailed box. As in other indus- tries, however, improved machinery has done away with much of the expense, and this style of box is now supplied to the trade at astonishingly low prices, and as a consequence is coming into more extended use every day. The only factory devoted to the manufacture of dovetailed packing boxes that we have ever visited is that of Allen & Hrooks, occujning two commodious rooms, respectively 26 x 72 and 26 X 36 feet, in the Noah Rankin's Chair Company's building at Krving, fitted up with a fine comi)lemcnt of woodworking machinery, of which the dovetailing devices form the special feature, all driven by water power. This enterprise was inaugurated on the first of last April, and is consequently still in its infancy, but already employs from nine to fifteen hands, and turns out great quantities of the prettiest and strongest packing boxes we have ever seen, mostly of small size, and designed for the convenience of the confectionery, spice, and similar trades recpiiring neat, tight, and strong packages. The peculiarity of these boxes is that the corners arc closclv interlocked ; the dovetails, made with mathematical accuracy, fit into each other perfectly, and to all intents and purposes liic package is water-tight, liandsuinely finished and attractive. Orders are pronijitlv filled for delivery in any ])art of the country, and packers of the various kinds of goods to which they are adapted are recommended to write for ]3rice- list and particulars. Hoth members of the firm are \'ermontcrs, ])ractical workmen, energetic and progressive, and merit the success which thev will ccrtainlv achieve. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 209 NOAH RANKIN, Manufacturer of Wood Seat Chairs and Dealer in Lumber — Erving. Isaac Baker founded this enterprise in 1S4S, and was succeeded in 1850 by Haile & Gould, who in 1861 sold out to Joseph Rankin, at whose death, six years later, his son Noah became proprietor, and has conducted the business ever since. The factory building is of three stories, frame, 28 x 80 feet, fitted u]5 with every description of woodworking machinery — cir- cular, band, and other saws, planers, lathes, etc. — adapted to the work in hand, which consists of the manufacture of wood-seat ciiairs of the best quality in popular stvies. Of these from .^25,000 to 330,000 worth are made annually and disposed of to the trade in New England and the Eastern States generally, as far south as Baltimore. A working force of twelve men is kept constantly busy, and J\Ir. Rankin's business is in a flourishing condition. Besides mak- ing chairs on a large scale, he deals extensively in lumber, and supplies most of the local builders. Mr. Rankin is a native of Hiram, Me., coming here in boyhood. He is a past master mason, postmaster, has served in the Legislature, and is a pension agent. What he is chiefly proud of, however, is the fact that for thirty years he has exercised the functions of justice of the peace, and exhibits commissions bearing the signatures of every Massachusetts governor from and including Governor Andrew. CHARLES S. STONE, Manufacturer of Piano Cases and Dealer in Pianos — Works One Mile East of Erving Village — Salesroom at Orange, Mass. As long ago as 1S51 a copartnership was formed between the late William B. Washburn, Jonathan E. Stone, and another, under the style of Washburn, Stone & Co., for the purpose of making piano cases and legs, billiard table legs, etc. The present factory was erected a mile east of the village of Erving, and uj) to 1857 the business was conducted successfully by the firm named. In the year last named Mr. Stone purchased the interest of his associates, and for some years continued alone ; then admitted his sons, under the style of J. E. Stone & Sons. Finally, about eight years ago, Mr. Charles S. Stone became sole proprietor, and under his competent management the concern has done a larger business than ever befoie. The ]ilant comprises the saw, planing, and turning mill, three stories, frame, 40 x 75 feet, and the finishing department, also frame, two stories, 40 x So feet — both well equipped with modern improved woodworking machinery driven by water power, and employing in all thirty- five skilled workmen. Great c|uantities of beautifully wrought jjiano cases are made here from choice domestic and foreign woods, and in artistic designs, and Mr. Stone finds ready sale for all he can produce, the better class of piano manufacturers placing their orders months in advance. Mr. .Stone was born here, bred to his calling, and is an active, energetic, enterprising busi- ness man, who owes his prosperity to industry and upright dealing. For many years the house has dealt largely in pianos, and with an eye to extending this branch of his business Mr. Stone has effected arrangements with leading New York manufacturers by whicli he controls the sale of their instruments in Northern New England. His handsome and commodious salesrooms at the village of Orange are stocked with a line of very choice instruments, among which may be seen su])erb samples of pianos from such celebrated makers as Conover, Horace Waters, and others, and the famous Chicago "Cottage" organ, all in the latest improved styles. BERKSHIRE COUNTY. A CONDENSED SUMMARY OF HER PAST ANNALS AND PRESENT STATUS — THE TYROL OK MASSACHUSETTS — INDUSTRIES, POPULA'JION, RESOURCES, ETC. BERKSHIRE, named after the famous English couilty of Berks, and originally a part of Hampshire county, was erected by act of the Legislature in 1811. It forms tlie extreme western county of the State, is bounded by Vermont on the north, Connecticut on the south. New York on the west, and Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden counties, BERKSHIRK COUNTY COURTHOUSE. HERKSHIRE COUNIN Alii INK Mass., on the east. The territory embraced averages 28 miles in width by 50 miles in length and aggregates an area of 950 square miles of mount- ain and valley, a chain of the latter extending from Connecticut to Vermont and embracing the celebrated Berkshire valley. 14 miles wide and 46 miles long. The scenery generally is of the wildest and most romantic character — a succession of lofty hills and mountains — the Berkshire hills and Taconic mouiilains — interspersed with quiet and fertile vales and streams and full of attractions for the lover of nature. The eminences are highest in the northern part, gradually decreasing in height toward the south, the top of Greylock in the north towering 3,500 feet above the sea. The most noted of old Greylock's companions and neighbors are Mounts Washington and Everett. Monument mount- INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 211 ain. Perry's peak. Bald mountain, Berlin mountain, etc. The valleys are themselves elevated, those along the Connecticut border being 800, in the vicinity of Pittsfield 900, and in the north 1,000 feet above the sea. The principal river is the Housatonic, which has numerous tributaries. Other streams of considerable importance are the Hoosac, the Deerfield, tlie Westfield, the Farmington, and the Kinderhook, all abounding with valuable mill sites. Besides these a great number of small lakes, particu- larly in the towns of Pittsfield, Otis, and Stockbridge — all fed by springs and well stocked with fish — contribute to the water power of the region and add to its attractiveness for pleasure-seekers and sportsmen. The geology of the region is interesting to the student, but is especially valuable because of the inexhaustible deposits of marble, granite, quartz of several varieties, mica slate, limestone, iron, iron phosphate, graphite, soapstone, choice clay for brick and pottery, stratite, gneiss, and schist, together with small quantities of gold, silver, galena, nickel, specular iron, alum, limonite, agate, iron pyrites, lithographic stone, etc. The granular quartz obtained here is unsurpassed in purity, and is consumed in vast quantities for making glass and china ware. The marbles are for the most part white or but slightly clouded, and rank with the most desirable quarried on this continent. The blue, gray, and dove- colored varieties, partaking of the nature of granite, abound, and are largely used for building purposes. Among the noted structures in various sections of the country composed in whole or in part of Berkshire marble may be mentioned the Washington capitol, the Washington monument and the New York city hall. Owing to the lack of railroad transportation and the difficulty and expense of delivery, comparatively little impression has as yet been made upon Berkshire's natural wealth ; but that will be remedied in time, when she will become the grand source of building materials for the great cities to the southward and westward. In 1694 a conference was held at Albany for the purpose of establish- ing boundaries and settling other vexed questions, at which were representatives of the Mohican, Iroquois, and perhaps other Indian tribes, of the colony of New York, the colony of Connecticut, and the colony pf Massachusetts Bay. The Massachusetts commissioners, accompanied by Rev. Benjamin Wadsworth and an armed and mounted guard, passed through Springfield and Woronoak (now Westfield), whence they followed a rude Indian trail through the mountains and wilderness to the Hudson, guided by friendly savages. Mr. Wadsworth subsequently wrote a full account of the journey, which was a severe one for man and beast, and probably the first invasion of these unbroken solitudes by the white man. Within a few years the natives were stripped of all their valuable lands along the Hudson and the Mohawk ; petty wars, disease, and rum decimated them, and the wretched remnant of the Mohicans sought refuge among the hills and dales of the Housatonic, where they pursued their fishing and hunting without molestation from the Dutch on the west or the English (mi the east, though the Northern Indians and French caused them occasional trouble. The whites wanted the lands, however, and on the 25th of March, 1724, Chief Konkapot and associates sold to Massachusetts commissioners a body of land 12 by 18 miles in extent, now forming the southwestern corner of the State and comprising the towns of Sheffield, Great Barrington, Egremont, and Mount Washington, and portions of Alford, Stockbridge, West Stockbridge, and Lee. In 1734 the Mohicans had two villages at Skatekook and Stockbridge, but soon afterward made Stockbridge their principal center, and were 212 IM.AM) MAbsACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. variously known as the Mohicans, Ilousatonics. and Stockbridges. They were quiet and peaceful, hardly numbered more than 125, and were on friendly terms with the colonists, to whom their few descendants rendered valuable services in the Revolutionary war. All are gone now, as are the moose, the deer, the bear, the panther, the wild cat, the otter, the beaver, and all of those accessories bereft of which savage life is impossible. In their places are cultivated farms, orchards and gardens, good roads, railways, bustling cities and villages, mines, mills, factories, and all the conveniences and appliances of a strong and advancing civilization. The county of Berkshire is subdivided into thirty-one " towns " — a word that is somewhat misleading, since it does not in the New England sense mean a large village or small city, but a district such as is called in the west a township and that may consist exclusively of farms or uncultivated lands. To add to the confusion, these " towns " are not numbered but named, and in the case of Berkshire county comprise, beginning at the north and descending to the south, Clarksl)urg, Will- iamstown, North Adams, Adams, Florida, New Ashford, Savoy, Cl)eshire, Hancock, Lanesboro, Windsor, Dalton, Peru, Fittsheld, Hinsdale, Rich- mond, Lenox, Washington, Stockbridge, West Stockbridge, Lee, Becket, Tyringham, Alford, Great Barrington, Monterey, Otis, Lgremont, New Marlboro, Mount Washington. Sheffield, and Sandislield. Such of these towns as are of commercial and industrial importance will receive atten- tion in the following pages. The development of the county has lieen slow but substantial, and in point f)f manufacturing and other enterprises dependent upon accessibility to market it has made remarkable progress when ditliculties of trans- portation and railroad building are taken into consideration. The construction of the Bt)ston & Albany, the Housatonic, the Pittsfield & North Adams, and the Trcn* & Boston railroads undoul)tedly contrilnited more than all other causes combined to the develojiment of the region, bringing hither every summer great numbers of visitors, w1k>, once im- pressed with the salul)rious climate and natural advantages of all kinds, liave invested largely in lands, quarries, hotels, manufactures, etc. The agitation of railroad construction in Berkshire began in 1826, but it was not until 1831 that a charter was secured for a road from West Stockbridge to the New York line, and the next year the original Pittsfield & West Stockbridge railroad company was chartered. Both charters were permitted to lapse, however, but were revived in 1836, and September 26, 1838, the W^est Stockbridge & Hudson & Berkshire railroad was opened for travel and traffic. The Castleton & West Stockbridge (afterward the Albany & West Stockbridge — now the New York section of the Boston & Albany) railroad was chartered by the New York Legislature. In the mean time the construction of the Boston & Wor- cester road was undertaken. We have not space to record all the movements and counter-movements that ensued ; suffice it to say that the first locomotive, with one car attached, entered Pittsfield May 4, i84i.and on the 27th and 29th of December following the opening of the entire line was celebrated at Albany and Boston. . . . The I^ittsfield & North Adams road was chartered March 18, 1845, and opened October 6, 1846. . . . The Berkshire railroad was incorporated April 13, 1837, and the road opened from the Connecticut State line to Great Barrington September 28, 1842. The extension to West Stockbridge was made later. . . . The Stockbridge & Pittsfield railroad company was incorporated March 20. 1847, 'in<^l ^^^^ road completed via Lenox and Lee January i, INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 213 1850. . . . The first suggestion of tunneling Hoosac mountain was made in 1826, when the construction of a canal from Boston to Albany was contemplated, but nothing came of it. The Troy & Greenfield railroad company \vas granted a charter May 10, 1848, and November 22, 1849, the Troy & Boston railroad was incorporated under the laws of New York. The history of the enterprise is a tale of delays until 1862, ST. .TOSKl'll's CHURCH, PITTSFIELD. when the State foreclosed mortgages on the Troy &; Greenfield and Southern Vermont railroads, purchased them, and undertook the com- pletion of the tunnel, expending thereon up to January, 1869, the sum of $2,683,585, when a contract was made with Canadian parties for its completion by March i, 1874, for $4,594,268. An extension of time was granted the contractors, and the first train passed through February 9, 1875. Total length of tunnel. .25,081 feet— two furlongs less than five 214 INLAND MASSACHISKTTS ILl.L'STRATED. miles. The State controls the Troy & (jreenfield railroad and the tunnel, and competing roads enjoy equal facilities for the use of both. ... A recently projected road that promises much for the development of Southern Berkshire is the Connecticut Western, now in process of con- struction from the Poughkeepsie bridge over the Hudson to Springfield. When completed this road will furnish direct connection with the New York and Northern railroad system. THE TOWN OF PITTSFIELD \17AS incorporated in 1761, and when the first census was taken, in ^^ 1790, had a population of 1992. The last census, 1885, shows an increase to 14,466. There have been considerable additions since that time, but we have at hand no data upt)n which to predicate an approximate estimate of the number of residents, which probably exceeds 17,000. Great Harrington was made the county seat by the act of April 24, 1761, erecting the county, and the old court-house in that village was first ENTRANCE TO riTlSI'I Kl.l i rKMITERY. occupied in April, 1765, though two terms of court were held annually at Pittsfield. The I.egislature subsequently, in 1787, removed the county- seat to Lenox, where the public buildings were completed and occupied in 1791-92. Agitation looking to a removal to Pittsfield continued from time to time, but it was not effected until 1868. when the Legislature accepted Pittsfield's offer of a site for court-house, jail, and house of correction. The buildings were completed in 187 1, and cost, with the land, $419,500. The buildings, of white and dove-cf)lored marble and pressed brick, are among the finest of the kind in Massachusetts or the Ignited St;ites. The law library is an extensive and valuable one. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 215 MUNICIPAL. The town of Pittsfield is governed by the old town system, notwith- standing- it contains within its borders and exercises jurisdiction over the flourishing little city of the same name. The town officers consist of a town clerk, board of three selectmen, treasurer of board, three assessors, tax collector, board of health (three physicians), and board of registrars, four in number. From the annual official report of April i, 1889, we extract the appended figures: — VALUATION. Real estate $7,^0^6-5 °° Personal estate, including resident bank stock ::, 792,434 00 Total $9>S93'959 00 RATE OF TAXATION. Town, County, and State $16 So per $1,000 Fire district 4 3° per 1,000 $21 10 per 1,000 Number of horses assessed i ,695 " cows assessed • ,4-9 " sheep assessed 667 " neat cattle, other than cows, assessed 398 " swine assessed ~~^ " dwelling houses assessed 2,840 " acres of land assessed -4>44i Stock in corporations without the State, as valued for assessment $120,741 00 Public stock and securities as valued for assessment 125,000 00 The amount of the tax raised by the town for the preceding year was $163,593.91. This does not include the tax raised by the Are district, and this tax was raised as follows : — On personal estate , $34,653 93 On real estate 119,37 1 98 On polls 9,56s 00 $163,593 91 Ratable polls, as returned by assessors, 4,784. The number of persons entitled to vote in the town of Pittsfield, April I, 1889, and entered upon the records of the board of registrars, was 3,436. Of public buildings besides the Court-house and Atheneum (both of which we illustrate) the town owns a fine town hall, a spacious high school, twenty-six common schools, a hospital, poor-house, etc. The city itself is well built, however, and boasts many large and costly business structures, private residences, a beautiful music hall, and numer- ous fine churches. The total school enrollment on the 31st of last March was 3,305 ; average attendance for the year, 2,386 ; total expenditure for school purposes, $45,026.16. The water supply of Pittsfield, ample in quantity and of superior quality, is obtained from two large reservoirs, the most important of which is known as Lake Ashley. A board of commissioners and a com- petent superintendent have charge of the works. The water is distributed through some 10,000 feet of three and four-inch cement pipe. Up to the close of the year ending March 31, 1888, the total expenditure on water account aggregated $242,504.10; disbursements for 1888, $2,962.52; receipts for year, §24,212.36 ; premium on bonds, $2,287.65. 2l6 INLAND MASSACHISKTTS ILl.LSTRATKD. The fire department, under control of a chief ensjjineer and three assistants, consists of three engine companies, one hook and hidder company, and one company of protectives, provided with three steam fire engines, an ample supply of hose, one hook and ladder truck, and a sufficient number of horses to move them with dispatch. A well- equipped fire alarm telegraph is also a part of the department. Serious fires are of rare occurrence. The police force, though small, is quite effective, comprising a chief, captain, seven patrolmen, and janitor of station-house. That this is a 1 ii.^i- .MtriiuiiK-i tri; quiet, law-abiding community is attested liy the nuini)er of arrests for ,<^88 — only 546;" not one for murder, tlu)U.t;ii 277 delinquents were charged with drunkenness. The center of a prosperous niiinufacturing and commercial region, Pitlsfield offers many attractions as a place of business, while year by year constantly increasing numbers of city people come hither in search ol mountain air, pure water, and healthful out and indoor life during the INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 21 7 summer months. Many of these have erected liandsome houses in the town and county, and are residents for the greater part of the year. BOARD OF TRADE. The Pittsfield Board of Trade comprises many of the leading men of the place, and through its committees gives attention to important subjects coming under its jurisdiction, as manufactures and trade, water supply and motive power, town government and finances, statistics and immi- gration. The officers consist of Alexander Kennedy, president ; Charles W. Kellogg and James L. Bacon, vice-presidents ; Rollin H. Cooke, secretary and treasurer. Directors — Alexander Kennedy, Charles W. Kellogg, James L. Bacon, Arthur A. Mills, W. D. Machines, George W. Bailey, Luther L. Atwood, Frank A. Robbins, James Wilson, Jabez L. Peck, William R. Plunkett, Irving D. Ferry, John Allen Root, R. E. Burbank, and John H. Manning. The board is now engaged in an effort looking to the re-occupation of Berkshire's abandoned farms. BANKS AND BANKING. Banking facilities are excellent, and public and private enterprise of a deserving character need not languish for lack of funds. The First National, paid-up capital stock $500,000, surplus fund $250,000, handled loans and discounts aggregating $853,458.54 for the six months ending September 30 last, while the Agricultural National — capital $200,000, surplus $200,000 — for the same period did a similar business to the amount of $823,153.99. The Third National has capital stock $125,000, surplus $50,000, and also does a prosperous business, loans and discounts footing up $414,535.68. The deposits and loans of the Berkshire Savings Institu- tion are correspondingly large. THE BERKSHIRE ATHENEUM. This institution, the pride of county and city, was organized May 13, 1872, a charter having been secured from the Legislature the previous' year. The incorporators were Messrs. Thomas Allen, John Todd, Ensign H. Kellogg, Henry L. Dawes, Thomas Colt, Edwin Clapp, George Y. Learned, W. R. Plunkett, Edward S. Francis, W. F. Bartlett, and James M. Barker. — Thomas Allen was chosen president, Wm. F. Bartlett vice- president, Edward S. Francis auditor, James M. Barker clerk and treasurer; investing committee Thomas Allen, Thomas Colt, Ensign H. Kellogg; library committee — W. R. Plunkett, Edward S. Francis, and James M. Bar- ker. The deed to the ground now occupied by the Atheneum building was delivered at once, and soon afterward, in accordance with a joint legisla- tive resolution, the Berkshire Medical College library, museum, apparatus, and $4,400 were transferred to the Atheneum authorities. This mone)% with $5,000 contributed for the purpose by Calvin Martin, deceased, and smaller sums given by Hons. Thomas Allen and Thomas F. Plunkett, vas used in payment for site. In June following the organization of the Berkshire Atheneum the Pittsfield Atheneum, successor of the Pittsfield Public Library Association, voted to transfer all of its property to the new corporation, which offer was accepted and the joint library made free to all inhabitants of Pittsfield. At the annual town meeting of 1874 $25,000 was voted to purchase additional land and $2,000 per annum to support the library, whereupon Mr. Thomas Allen erected the building — 2lS INLAND .MA>>ACHL>1.1 l^ ILLUSTRATED. illustrated herewith — at a cost of $50,000. Mr. Phinehas Allen died in 1873, leaving S50. 000 to the institution, which was further enriched b)' bequests of $6,000 from Mrs. Elizabeth C Clapp and $5,000 from Brad- ford Allen. For several years the town has contributed $3,000 a year, which, added to the income derived from bequests, has kept the building and appurtenances, library, etc., in fine ccjndition. The latest official rej^ort (1888) shows 17,537 volumes on the shelves and numerous valuable works of art, cabinets of minerals, curiosities and objects of historical interest distributed through the rooms. The Berkshire Countv Historical Societ}', the Wednesday Morning Club, and other li.terary associations make their home in the building. Wm. R. Plunkett is now president of the corporation ; Wni. Russell Allen, vice-president ; Henry W. Taft, clerk ; Edward S. Francis, treas- urer ; Edgar G. Hid)bel, librarian and curator. The board of trustees includes the names of Henry L. Dawes, James M. Barker, Morris Schaff, George Y. Learned, Henry ^I. Peirson, and \Vm. M. Mercer. THE PRESS. THE PIVKNINC, JOURNAL. The Evciiiih::; JoitiJi.i/ \\d)> established as a business venture bv Nathan- iel C. Fowler of Boston, and first appeared on September 15, 1880. It was published in quarto form of 24 columns and was nominally independ- ent Republican in politics. The plant was k)cated in rocmis in the second story of the Renne block. Two years later Mr. Fowler sold the plant to a stock company of pioniinent Repul)licans, among whom were Senator Dawes, Representaliw lo Congress Rockwell, and J. M. Stevenson of the Berkshire Fire Insurance Co. Rev. I. C. Smart, now pastor of the South Ccjngregational church, was editor. During this administration the office was removed to Burbank's North-street block. In the spring of 1883 this company sold out to John M. Whitman and Frank D. Mills, who had been reporters on the Journal staff. These gentlemen increased the size of the daily and established an eight-page weeklv called the Berkshire Gazette. In September, 1883, the plant was sold at auction to Dr. C. D. Belden of Williamstown. In November, 1884, the /oi/nial was purchased at private sale by Joseph E. See of Tarrytown, N. V., who removed it to its present location in Central block. September 29, 1886, Mr. See, having purchased the plant of the Berkshire J iiJepeiident, a paper published a few weeks by L. S. Pratt of Dalton, commenced the put)lication of the weekly Journal of eight pages and 48 columns. Mr. See retired October 15, 1889, having sold the daily and weekly Journal to Ward Lewis & Son, of Great Barrington, Joseph Ward Lewis of the firm taking its editorial and business management. The present firm have in contemplation radical improvements to make both the daily and weekly Journal the representative newspapers of Berkshire county both in the matter of fresh local and telegraphic news and carefully culled miscellaneous matter. rill. P.l.KKSHIKi: ColNIV EAC.LE. The Berkshire County Ba):;le is the oldest newspaper in this section of the State, being a lineal descendant of the Western Star, the publication of which was begun at Stockbridge in the fall of 1789 or in the beginning of the year 1790. Since that time the publication has been uninterrupted. The Western Star was afterward the Berkshire Star, and was published INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 219 at Stockbridge until January, 1828, when the establishment was removed to Lenox, and the paper called the Berkshire Star and County Republican. In 1829 it was C2i\\^(\\\\^ Berkshire Journal : in 1831 the. Journal and Argus, because it had absorbed a young rival at Pittsfield. In 1834 it was called -the Massachusetts Eagle, the name " Eagle " appealing then for the first time, and has never been dropped since. The establishment was removed to Pittsfield and back again to Lenox, before the final removal to Pittsfield, but its publication has been continuous from the start. The Eagle is a weekly paper, as it always has been. It is now a sheet of eight pages, neat in appearance, clean in tone, vigorous and progressive. It is stanchly Republican, and intensely local in spirit, being for Berkshire county before any other part of the world. Its field is the entire county, and it covers the entire field in its weekly news. It believes in the future of the count}^, and is a persistent advocate of the locality for manufactur- ing and farming, and as a resort for the lovers of nature at her best. It is published Thursday mornings, and its editor and proprietor is Moses Y. Beach. THE SUNDAY MORNING CALL. The Call is the only Sunday paper printed in Pittsfield, or along the line of the Boston & Albany railroad between Springfield and Albany, or on the Housatonic road between Bridgeport and Pittsfield. Although the Call is only a little more than a year old (having been established December 2, 1888), it within a few weeks sprang into a good reputation and circulation, which it has maintained ever since, and is constantly growing. The editors, Messrs. H. T. and W. J. Oatman, are trained newspaper men of long experience, and the senior editor, Mr. H. T. Oatman, was for many years the Berkshire county correspondent of the Springfield Repuhlica>i, and has the reputation of being one of the best news-gatherers in all Western Massachusetts. The Call from the first adopted the motto of " all the news," and every Sunday its readers are served with the best and freshest locals, and a good telegraphic service supplies its patrons with the best that is going on in the world outside. Its editors also began the G?// with the idea that "a clean paper for the best of all days," without sensation or scandal, could be made a popular " Sunday Morning Call " indeed, and its growing patronage and firm hold on the good people of its parish have amply demonstrated the wisdom of that decision. Politically the Call is independent to the fullest degree, and is not hampered by party affiliations or ties, preferring to serve the people at large rather than to be known as an organ or the mouthpiece of a clique or faction. Within a year the Call has taken a leading place among the papers of Berkshire county in point of circula- tion, and it now has a clientage large and increasing in all the towns in which it circulates. The Call is printed every Sunday morning at 3 o'clock, and is delivered by special pony express as far south as Great Harrington, and east to Chester by early trains, and west to the State line, and north into Lanesboro and Cheshire by bicycle delivery. In a word, the Call is a wide-awake, progressive newspaper, and has fully demonstrated that (despite predictions of failure when it was started) there is ample room for its work in the field where it is printed. The Call's circulation is among the largest of any paper printed in Berkshire county, and being issued on Sunday, the great reading day of the week, it is probably more closely and carefully read than any other newspaper in all Berkshire. 220 IM.AM) MA^^ALIILSKI i S ll.I.l S 1 K A lED. THE I'll TSFIELD SUN. The Pittsfield Sun lias for nearly a century been among the notable newspapers of Massachusetts, and not without reason. Between 1790 and 1800 there had been three newspapers published in Pittsfield succes- sively, all of considerable merit. The office of each of them had been in a good-sized gambrel-roofed cottage in tlie northwest colicies are issued to suit those who can afford to pay l.nrger rates of premiimi. and who wish to make all the ])avments called for upon the policy within a definite number of vears. Such policies are issued with jiremi- ums ]iayable in ten or twenty years. When the full number of jiaymcnts on said ])olicies have been made, the policies are then " paid up," or fullv jiaid. Kndowment policies are classed solely according to the terms of years for which they are to rim— fifteen, twcntv, twenty-five, thirty, thirty-five, or forty years. ' Under either plan the r.Ttes are fixed as low as experience has shown it is possible to conduct a somid and respon- sible life insurance business. It is out of the (piestion for us to insert all of the tables, com- parative and otherwise, showing the workings of life insurance under the Massachusetts law — '.'V which this company is governed — or even to enlarge upon the advantages offered thereby ; sutificc it to say, the cost is comjiaratively slight, the risk nothing to the insured, while a pol- icy of life insurance cannot be taken for' debt, alienated from the heirs, or otherwise diverted from its original purpose. In the words of Ilenrv Ward Heecher, " it is nearly as sure as anything earthlv can be." 'riie Berkshire Life maintains agencies in the leading cities, and towns of the Eastern, Middle, and Western States, where all desired information mav be procured. A distribution of surplus occurs evcrv five years, whereby all actual policy-holders receive additional insur- ance proportioned to the amount of their jiolicies. Liberal provisions remove all burdensome restrictions as to travel, residence, etc. This representative institution is the pride of Western Massachusetts, and its manage- INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 223 ment beyond all praise. Appended is the last annual statement, dated December 31, 1S8S, which exhibits in brief the company's flourishing condition : — RECEIPTS. From premiums $831,483 24 From interest and rent 183,124 51 $1,014,607 75 DISBURSEMENTS. For death claims $206,469 00 For matured endowments 124,541 00 For dividends 102,503 90 For surrendered policies and additions 160,428 93 $593,942 83 Commissions and allowances to agents, and medical examiners' fees. .. . 123,882 12 Salaries of officers and clerks 25,170 78 Rent of agency offices 5,050 37 Advertising 5,108 35 Miscellaneous expenses > 5,645 95 $174,857 57 Interest paid on guarantee capital i ,785 00 Taxes 14,567 26 Re-insurance 19,926 65 $805,079 31 ASSETS. United States securities, market value $3 16,250 00 Town, county, and municipal bonds, market value 206,380 00 Massachusetts railroad bonds, market value 57,ooo 00 Mortgage loans, first liens 2,289,871 49 Loans on approved collaterals 21 1,625 00 Real estate, company's building 188,500 00 Real estate, taken under foreclosure 254,553 50 Premium notes on policies in force 142,719 78 Stock in Massachusetts national banks, market value 163,75000 Cash in company's office S62 33 Cash in banks 170,270 60 Net premiums in course of collection 21,663 55 Net deferred quarterly and semi-annual premiums 55,182 63 Interest accrued on investments 43,o6S 12 Rents accrued 645 83 $4,122,342 83 LIABILITIES. Net value of outstanding policies, actuaries' 4 per cent $3,578,977 61 Losses reported, not yet due and awaiting proof 29,864 00 Endowments matured, but not presented for payment 4,705 00 Unpaid dividends 3,104 06 Premiums paid in advance 12,360 74 Sundry ledger credits i,953 04 Surplus, Massachusetts standard 491,378 38 $4,122,342 83 The offices of the company are situated in its own splendid three-storv Nova Scotia sand- stone building at the corner of North and West streets. This fine structure, fronting 66 feet on North and 120 feet on West street, is one of the town's principal architectural ornaments, and is the home of the post office, several banks, and various public otiices. President Plunkett is an attorney by profession, and interested in various other business enterprises. Vice-President Barker is a native of Pittsfield, and Secretary and Treasurer Hull of New Lebanon, N. Y. F. K. Paddock, M.D., and J. F. A. Adams, AI.D., are the consult- ing physicians, and W. II. Dyer, superintendent of agencies. The following named gentle- men compose the board of directors: John V. Parker, J. Parker & Prothers, manufacturers, Pittsfield; Thomas G. Carson, Boston; William R. "Plunkett, attorney-at-law, Pittsfield; Jabez L. Peck, manufacturer, Pittsfield; J. N. Dunham, president Springfield Fire and Marine Insurance Company, Springfield; George T. Plunkett, Plunkett Woolen Company, Hins- dale; James M. Barker, Pittsfield; James W. Hull, treasurer of the company, Pittsfield; J. F. A. Adams, physician and surgeon. Pittsfield; Byron Weston, e.\-lieutenant governor of Massachusetts, Dalton ; Henry W. Taft, clerk of courts, Berkshire county, Pittsfield ; Justin Dewey, justice superior court, S]iringfield ; Wellington Smith, treasurer Smith Paper Com- pany, Lee; Henry W. Bishop (Leno.x, Mass.), Chicago; S. W. Bravton, president Adams National Bank, North Adams; W. B. Plunkett, manufacturer, Adams ; George H. Tucker, treasurer Berkshire county, Pittsfield; A. C. Houghton, manufacturer. North Adams. It is almost a work of supererogation to commend such an institution as the Berkshire Life Insurance Company to public confidence. Its own noble and conservative career of nearly forty years supplies the best commentary upon its management and usefulness, indorsed as they have been in the past and are in an increasing degree by careful and thoughtful men all over the countrv. 224 INLAND MASSACHUSKl IS ILLUSTRATED. PITTSFIELD NATIONAL BANK. President, Zenas Crane; Vice-President, John V. Barker; Cashier, E. S. Francis — Berkshire Life Insurance Company's Building. Tills powerful fiduciary trust is the direct successor of the old I'ittstield State Hank, char- tered in 1S53, and was incorporated under the National banking law in 1S66, being rechartered in 18S6. The capital stock is half a million dollars, and it is easy to see how, with such a record and such vast resources, the institution has been enabled in the past and continues to confer solid and important benefits ui)on the community, of which it is one of the main sujiports as regards its business interests. From the first the policy of tiie Pittsfield National, while con- servative in the best sense, has been wiselv liberal in its encouragement of such enterprises as, founded u|)on substantial principles, have a tendency to enhance the .general welfare. Con- secpientlv it possesses in a rare degree the confidence of the manufacturing and mercantile classes, by whom it is patronized for the most part, and is in a correspondingly healthful finan- cial condition, as is evident from the appended sworn statement to the Comptroller of the Currency dated December 11, 18S9. The item of surplus fund will attract immediate atten- tion : — RESOURCES. Loans .ind discounts $992,118 86 Overdrafts secured and unsecured 7.014 28 U. .S. bunds to secure circulation 138,000 00 .Stocks, securities, jiid.i;menls, claims, etc. 10,287 50 Due from approved reserve agents 36,952 61 Due from other national banks 7', 509 27 Due from .State banks and bankers 9.388 69 Other real estate and mortgages owned... 44,036 48 Current expenses and taxes paid 14,761 69 Checks and other cash items 6,022 11 Hills of otlier banks 7.010 00 Fractional paper currency, nickels, and cents 293 95 Specie 20,407 50 Legal tender notes 5 ,000 00 Redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circulation) 6,2 10 00 Total f 1, 369,0 1 2 94 LLM'.ILITIES. Capital stock paid in #500,000 00 250,000 00 5>.588 '7 Surplus fund. Undivided profits National bank notes outstanding.... Dividends unpaid Individual deposits subject to check. Demand certificates of deposit Due to other national banks Due to State banks and bankers To provide for taxes 124,200 00 67 50 385.426 15 '9.243 24 35,040 85 947 03 2,500 00 Total $1,369,012 94 The Pittsfield National occujiies elegant, commodious, and eligibly situated offices in the great Berkshire Life Insurance Comjiany's Ijuilding, and does a general banking business in loans, discounts, drafts, collections, foreign and domestic exchange, etc., having corres])ondents among leading Eastern, Western, and Southern banks, and making a specialty of deposits of individuals, firms, and corporations. The official personnel is of the highest order. President Crane, besides being owner of the Dalton |>apcr mills, is largely interested in several similar enterprises at other points. The cashier, .Mr. Francis, is an old and accomplished financier, born iti Pittsfield, and in early man- hood a clerk in this institution for four years — a position he resigned to establish a bank at Shelburne Falls, Mass., where he remained seven years, returning and accepting the responsi- ble i^ost of cashier in this bank twenty-eight years ago. A circumstance of his career of which Mr. Francis often sjieaks with i)lcasure is his earlv association with Marshall Field, the Chicago dry goods prince, when both were boy clerks for Deacon H. G. Davis. Field went to Chicago, landing there a poor bov, but he had energv, indiistrv, and capacity, and to-dav can probably draw his check — and have it honored — for fifty million dollars. And the best of it is, his goocl fortune has not spoilt him. G. N. HOPKINS, Manufacturer and Dealer in Furniture, and Undertaker — No. 100 North St. Kvervbotlv who is anvboilv is interested in furniture, for it is a jirime necessity of civil- ized life. About the first ,ind most |icr|ilc.\ing problem that confronts the average engaged coii|)le is that of furnishing a house, and it is safe to sav that the same ciuestion, variously modified, comes up at least every five or ten years through life. A good deal of umiecessary worry is iiuUilged in over it, too, for if thev would go direct to a re])utable dealer and state their case — the kind of house thev wish to set up their lares and ])cnatfs in, the amount of ready money thev can raise, their jirosi^ects, and the figure they desire to make in society, ten to one he could solve the riddle much more satisfactorily than they, supply them with better and more approjiriatc goods than thev could select for themselves, give them better terms than thev would ask, and voluntarily act the role of fairy godfather ti) jierfection, set them up in hotisekccping and make them ha])iiv. One of the largest and most comjiletc furniture houses in Western Massachusetts is that of Mr. G. N. Hopkins, No. 100 North street, Pittsfield, establisheil in iSSi. Occupying the INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 225 first floor, 30 X So feet, and two upper floors, So x 90 feet, lie is enabled to carry an immense stock of desirable goods, including all grades of fine and medium furniture suitable for any description of residence — artistic styles in rare woods for the rich, and down through all grades to that designed for the laborer's cottage — parlor suits, chamber suits, sitting-room^ dining-room, and kitchen furniture of all kinds. A well-aj^jiointed upholstering department -enables him to fill orders for that kind of work in the best style, reupholstering old goods or upholstering new in accordance with the wishes of customers. Mr. Hopkins also conducts a fine undertaking establishment in connecti(jn with his furni- ture emporium, carrying a general assortment of caskets, coffins, trimmings, etc., and attend- ing calls at any hour of day or night. He employs seven assistants. Mr. Hopkins was born in Rhode Island, and previous to engaging in business here was a Colorado stock-raiser for some years. PITTSFIELD ILLUMINATING COMPANY. William Stanley, President ; F. A. Robbins, Vice-President ; W. A. Whittlesey, Treasurer and Manager — Electric Light and Power — Office, Room 10, Central Block. The more the subject is investigated the more evident does it become that electrical science is still in its infancy. We converse over hundreds of miles of wire and recognize the voices of our friends; we can hear in our own jjarlors the impassioned oratory of a Gladstone or a Parnell delivered in far-away England weeks or months previously; we turn night into day by simply touching a button — all through the agency of that subtle fluid worshiped by the heathen and dreaded by all men since God spake upon Sinai. As yet the best and most ]jopuIar uses to which electricity has been put is in the dissemi- nation of intelligence, light, and motive power. The rittsfield Illuminating Company was incorporated in 18S6; capital $2c;,ooo; office No. 10 C'entral block. The plant is situated on Allen avenue, and is provided with three dynamos driven by a 240-horse-power steam engine, and gives em])loyment at ]3resent to seven men — a number that will be greatly increased when the improvements and additions now under way and contemplated are completed. More than 200 stores and residences are already fitted up with the incandescent system, and are brilliantly lighted by electricity from the company's works, which also supply power for running the machinery of numerous carriage and other fac- tories, ]5laning mills, coffee mills, sewing machines, etc. It is the intention to make this the most complete and one of the most extensive plants in the State, and when its ability to fur- nish an unfailing supply of light, heat, and power shall have been fully demonstrated — as it surely will be — no question exists that the demand from the city and surroimding villages will tax the facilities to the utmost, for few reasonable people will be content with coal, gas, and their inevitable expense, dirt, trouble, and danger to property, when they can rid themselves of it all at once, and secure better service at a tithe of the cost. The company furnishes electric meters so that subscribers pay for only the amount of light or power used. The officers and directors of the Pittsfield Illuminating Company are representative men. President Stanley lives in New York, while Vice-president Robbins, and Treasurer and Man- ager Whittlesey are citizens of Pittsfield. JAMES H. BUTLER, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Lumber, Doors, Sash, Blinds, and Dressed Stuff for Inside and Outside Finish — No. 42 Fenn St. Mr. llutlcr, who has been engaged in supplying the builders, carpenters, and house-owners of Pittsfield and vicinity with rough and clressed lumber and materials for the past twenty years, is a recognized representative business man, enterprising, liberal, and popular. On the 19th of December, iSSS, his warehouse — the old Methodist church on Fenn street — was burned to the ground, and in four weeks he was ready for business again on the same spot in an entirely new building of two stories, 90 x 150 feet, with commodious front office elegantly fin- ished in natural woods, fitted up with incandescent lights and telephone. His rough lumber yard, one acre in extent, is situated further down Fenn street. Mr. Butler does no manufacturing, though six men aie required to look after his \vare- rooms and yards, the storing of materials and the filling of orders, his trade being very large in the city and for a distance of twenty miles in the country. He handles every description of rough and dressed lumber, and makes specialties of doors, sash, blinds, and hard and soft wood finish, of which he carries immense stocks in the latest styles. Prices are moderate, and prompt attention is given to the filling of bills for local delivery and shijiment. A native of Pittsfield, Mr. lUitler attends strictly to his business interests, leaving politics and similar nonsense to those who like it. INLAND MASSACHUSKTTS ILLUSTRATED. AGRICULTURAL NATIONAL BANK. J. L. Warriner, President; J. N. Dunham, Vice-President; I. D. Ferry, Cashier — Capital, $200,000; Surplus, $250,000 — Berkshire Life Insurance Company's Build- ing. Tliis substantial institution is a monument to conservative business methods anil careful financiering. It was originally chartered in 181S as a State bank under the laws of Massa- chusetts, and under those auspices was for a period of forty-seven years a recognized power in the monetary world. It was not until 1S65 that, the tiisadvanlages of the State banking sys- tem having been fully demonstrated, the directory finally decided to reorganize as a National bank with ^200,000. The wisdom of that step has never been questioned, and the prosperity of the noble old institution has been greater than ever, increasing from- year to year until, as will be seen from the last official statement, the accumulation of surplus funds aggregates the large sum of more than a ipiarter million dollars. The banking oliice in the Berkshire Life Insurance Company's building is, like all oliices in that superb structure, richly and artistic- ally fitted up, and the scene of a large volume of business, the concern doing legitimate bank- ing in all its branches, including corporation, firm, and individual deposits, loans, discounts, foreign and domestic exchange, etc. The statement referred to is of date December 16, 1S89, and is appended : — 512 84 100,000 00 36.S65 00 58,908 63 9,265 oq 83,776 00 2,582 3> 1,202 Hb 2.321 00 205 Si 21,216 90 18,145 00 4,500 00 LIABILITIES. Capital stock paid in Surplus fund Undivided profits National bank notes outstanding. .. Dividends unpaid Individual deposits subject to check. Demand certitic.ites of deposit ■ Due to other national banks Due to State banks and bankers. . . . J2OO,0OO 00 200,000 00 87,323 " 90,000 00 362 00 504,031 06 «6,2i3 43 10,168 30 932 68 RESOURCES. Loans and discounts 5769,529 14 Overdrafts secured and unsecured U. S. bonds to secure circulation ....... Stocks, securities, judgments, claims, etc. Due from approved reserve agents Due from other national banks Due from State banks and bankers...... Current expenses and taxes paid Checks and other cash items Bills of other banks Fractional paper currency, nickels, and cents Specie Legal tender notes Redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circulation) Total 51,109,03058 Total $1,109,03058 The officers named in our cajition and the board of directors embrace many of the mo.st prominent capitalists and business men in I'ittsfield and iJerkshire county. BERKSHIRE BREWERY. Gimlich & White, Brewers and Maltsters — Cor. John St. and Railroad. It is claimed upon what seems pretty good authority that it is the nature of most men to crave alcoholic stimulants of some kind, that it is in the abuse and not in the use of beverages that the evil lies, and that one portion of the race have no just right to prevent another por- tion enjoying quietly and temperately the juice of the grape, of corn, barley, rye, or any other product of the fields'. All of which is very good logic, and from the result of recent elections in this and other States may be accepted as the pojjular judgment. At any rate, if men must drink, let them at all events have the purest and best licpiids made, and avoid as much as possible the fierv " hard liquors" that wreck mind and body, and furnish the choicest te.xts of the prohibitionists. Massachusetts is not noted for the immense (piantity of malt licpiors made within her bor- ders, but in qualitv thev are ])ronounced equal to the liest. Among the most ])roniincnt breweries in the State is that of Gimlich & White — the Berkshire brewery— situated at the intersection of John street and the railroad, I'ittsfield. The jilant, established in tS68, com- prises the malt-house, brick, five stories, 40 x So feet ; patent ice-house, brick, four stories, 40 xSo feet; two ordinary one-story frame ice-houses, respectively 30 x 50 and 25 x 60 feet; and the brewerv proper, a' two-story' frame structure, 20 x 70 feet. A commodious stable con- nected with the premises contains .six horses and eight delivery wagons, large and small. The equipment of the brewerv is complete, and includes one mash-tub, eight fermenting tubs, and one racking vat, all of large size. 'I'he cajiacity is 7,000 baiiels of lager beer and a like cpiantitv of high-grade ale amiuallv. All lager i)cer made here is jilaced in the patent ice- house .as soon as barreled, and thus kept fresh and cool, ready for delivery. Fifteen men are employed, and the product is sold jirincipally to the trade in this city and county, and adja- cent i)arts of Connecticut and New York. .Messrs. Jacob Oimlich and John White, the proi)rietors, are of German birth, and both practical brewers of long and varied experience. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 227 H. B. WELLINGTON, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Furniture — Burns' Block, Cor. North and Summer Streets. All ranks and conditions of housekeepers must have furniture, and it has been fully demonstrated that the correct way to obtain it of the best style and quality is to buy from first hands. Probably the best inducements ever offered the furniture purchasing jjublic of Pittsfield are offered by Mr. H. B. Wellington at the Burns block, corner of North and Sum- mer streets, where he occupies the first floor, 50 x 100 feet, and two upper floors each 100 feet square, with an immense stock of household furniture of all grades, from the most stvlish mahogany, black walnut, and clierry to the plainest ash and oak, upliolstered or otherwise as desired. These goods are carefully selected especially for this market by an experienced buyer, and will be found to embrace everything necessary for the furnishing of any kind of dwelling from the palace of the millionaire to the cottage of the laborer — ])arlor and cham- ber suits in infinite variety of style and price, chamber sets, dining-room, hall, and kitchen furniture of everv descrijjtion. In upholstered goods Mr. Wellington enjoys extraordinary advantages, buying the frames and fitting them up to order. Prices will be found very low as comparetl with those of dealers who depend entirelv upon manufacturers at a distance. The house was established by James M. Burns fifteen or sixteen years ago, Mr. Welling- ton succeeding in 18S7. The latter is one of the most widely known citizens of Pittsfield, a native of Wiliiamstown, for a long time deputy sheriff and for six years high sheriff of Berk- shire county, and is a special justice of the District Court for central Berkshire. AMERICAN HOUSE STABLES. Samuel Bridges, Proprietor — Railroad St., Next Door to American House. Visitors to Pittsfield desirous of enjoying a drive about the city and environs or among the Berkshire hills, or requiring horses and vehicles for any purpose, will find superior serv- ice at the American House stables on Railroad street near the American House, some thirty fine horses and about seventy single and double carriages, hacks, buggies, sleighs, etc., being kept constantly for hire at moderate rates. Horses are also kept here for the accommodation of owners, receiving the best of care, and twenty boarders are usually found in the stalls. The stables were conducted by Mr. James A. liridges, who had already had some years' experience in the same calling at W'illiamstown, Mass., since 1863, and upon his death in 1S72 he was succeeded by his son Samuel, who has devoted his entire time to the business ever since. He erected the present handsome stables in 18S7. He is a famous lover of horses, noted for judgment and skill in their handling, employs only experienced and capable assist- ants, supervises all details in person, and is consequently ])rosperous and popular, having the confidence of all with whom he has relations. The stable is a frame structure of two stories, 91 X 106 feet, well and comfortably fitted up and lighted by electricitv. Adjoining is a hand- some three-story carriage house, provided with an elevator for lifting vehicles to the various floors. The office is neat and cosy, finished in natural woods, and provided with all conven- iences, including a telephone. TACONIC MILLS. Wilson & Horton — Manufacturers of Woolens and Fancy Cassimeres — Pontoosuc Road. The Taconic Mills Company was incorporated in 1S56, and for some vears was quite success- ful, but for reasons not necessary to sjjecify failed and closed its mills in 1873. The plant lay idle until 1880, when Messrs. James Wilson of Pittsfield and Arthur Horton of New York became the lessees, repaired, refitted, and re-opened the establishment, and by careful man- agement, great industry, and close attention to details have again placed it upon a prosperous basis. The projierty consists of the mill building proper, four stories, 50 x 150 feet, with which are connected the dye-house, jiicker-house, boiler-house, store-house, etc., all frame buildings, and twenty-eight tenements f(M- their help, of whom 225 are emploved. The mill is an eleven- set factory containing 3,560 s])indles and 59 looms, driven by a loohorse-power steam engine and a 125-horse-power water wheel. The ])roduct, large in quantitv and of superior quality, embraces a varied line of woolen dress and similar fabrics and fine fancy cassimeres in all the latest stylish designs. These goods are handled and in steadily increasing demand by the dry goods and clothing trade all over the United States, and the outlook is encouraging for this enterprising firm. 228 INLAND .MA>SACHUSKTTS ILLUSTRATED. WILSON & READ, General Fire, Life, and Accident Insurance Agents — Office, No. 3 West St., Berk- shire Life Insurance Building. Mvery man who is capable of iliiiiUing, of accuimil.iting property, and of rearing a family respectably, recognizes the importance of insurance against jjecuniary loss and the jiossibility of inuimely death ere his dependents ■-=^ are provided for. so it would be a mere waste of valuable space to rehearse the ordinary arguments rendered famil- iar to all who read or associate with men of affairs. There is one i)oint nevertheless that Should be impressed upon all — namely, the wisdom of plac- ing insurance in reliable cor])orations i)f established reputation, and this can best be accomplished by calling upon the best class of agents. I'rominent auKjng these is the firm of Wilson & Read, Xo. 3 West street, I'ittsfield — neat and convenient premises on the ground floor of tlie IJerkshire Life In- surance Company's building — where full information will be furnished cheer- fully and the seeker for a sound invest- ment may have his choice of a list that embraces such famous institutions as the folluuing : The .Ktna, the Connec- ticut, the Hartford, the National, and the I'hu;ni.\ of Hartford; the Ameri- can and the (lirard of I'liiladeljihia ; the K<|uitable and the Merchants of Providence; tlie Glens Falls of Glens Falls, N. V. ; the Hanover, the Home, and the I'ha.-ni.\ of New York ; the Imperial, the London, the Northern, the North British and .Mercantile, and the I'hteni.x of London; the (^)ueen of Liverpool; the Meriden of .Meriden ; the Springfield of Spring- field; the Merchants' and Farmers' Mutual, and Worcester Mutual of Worcester; the >Ierri- mack Mutual of Andovcr, the Franklin Mutual of (irecnfield, and Abington Mutual of Abing- ton, Mass., besides several leading life and accident corporations. This agency was founded by J. M. Dunham thirty years ago, Mr. James Wilson becoming associated with him later, imdcr the style of Dunham & Wilson, afterward changed to Wil- son & Parker. Si.\ years ago Mr. Franklin F. Read succeeded to Mr. Parker's interest, and the jiresent style was adopted, l^oth are e.xperienced underwriters and well-known citizens, Mr. Wilson having been town clerk, and Mr. Read assessor, collector, and selectman. •^J. i^(jHriRE.llFE-..;AcCIDENT ^^gy/N5URANnE^A.GENT5. iy^^esWeStStpiT T 5FI ELD. fr?A5 5. "^ y'?'^'^^ ■ iERnar/nt Lict insurance. S-23. H. S. RUSSELL, Manufacturer of Boilers, Tanks, Bleachers, and Plate Iron Work of Every Descrip- tion—No. 5 McKay .St. These noted old boiler works were established in 1842 by Gordon McKay, with a machine shop attached. From that time to the present — forty-seven years — the plant has been in con- tinuous operation, though the style and composition 'of the firm has undergone many changes —first to McKay & Harl^uck, then to McKay c\: Iloadlcy, then to Dodge i\: Francis, then to Francis \ Cleary, then to Clearv, Sedgwick & Russell, then to Cleary & Russell, then, in 1S72. to II. S. RnsselKV Co., and finally to I L S. Russell. Mr. Russeil disposed of the machine shop to E. I). Jones in 1874, and since that time the concern has been devoted to plate iron work exclusively. The building occupied covers ground 50 .\ 75 feet, and is fitted up in the best manner for the work in hand, the ajipliances including the latest improvements in drills, punches, shears, forges, special tools, etc. Mr. Russell is ]irei>are{l to do every description of work in his line at short notice and in superior style, his specialties end)racing flue and tubular upright and horizontal boilers of any required' size and cajiacitv ; tanks, large and small, for hot and cold water, oils, acids, etc. ; bleachers for jiajicr mills ; wheel cases, flumes, and water wheel work generally, and, in a word, anv kind of plate iron work. Promi>t attention is also given to repairs either at the works or elsewhere, and the best possible material and workmanship are guaranteed. The house carries a large and varied stock of steel and iron boiler jilates, rivets, etc., and, having in its employ ten skilled workmen, executes all orders for new work or repairs with dispatch. Mr. Russell is a native of Pittsfield, and was a selectman of the town for two years. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTR ATKI). PITTSFIELD MAlSrUFACTURING COMPANY. 229 J. O. Purnell, President; Wm. T. Petherbridge, Treasurer; E. Slugg, Clerk — Manufacturers of Woolen, Cotton, and Merino Yarns ; Hosiery, Shawl, Cassi- mere, and Novelty Yarns — Cor. Broom St. and Lincoln Ave. The I'ittsfield Manufacturing Company, organized with $15,000 capital in 18S7, is one of the notably successful new ventures launched in this vicinity during recent years. The mill J ^£sr. /•w'i'*- occupies two floors and attic, 50 x 200 feet, of the three-story-and-garret brick building at the corner of Broom street and Lincoln avenue, and is equipped in superior style with four sets of 48-inch and two sets of 60-inch cards and 3,360 spindles, the whole operated by a 100- horse-jjower steam engine and attended bv twelve s]Dinners and carders. The woolen, cotton, and merino yarns made here are of high grade and disposed of to hosiery, shawl, cassimere, and noveltv manufacturers to tiie extent of $145,000 worth per annum, the plant running steadilv up to its capacity the vear round. A. H. RICE & CO., Manufacturers of Silk Thread, Silk and Mohair Braids — Cor. Spring and Burbank Streets. Tlie great diversitv of manufactures that distinguish Western Massachusetts furnishes a constant source of surprise and wonder to the visitor from other ]5ortions of the country. Not the least important of these wealth-producing ]jursuits is the manufacture of thread and braids of all kinds, and a leading representative of that industry is the house of A. H. Rice & Co., whose specialties include the making of silk tiiiead and silk and mohair braids — goods that are widelv and favorably known to the trade and consumers throughout the Northern, West- ern, and ^fiddle States east of the Mississip|5i river. The business was started bv .Smith & Rice in 1S78, and the present firm, consisting of Messrs. .\. H. and W. V>. Rice, succeeded in 18S4. In 1S86 they moved from their old cpiarters on Linden street to the present mil! on the corner of IJurbank and Spring streets. The build- ings are of brick, two in number, each three stories and basement, one 40 .\ 100 feet, the other 20 .\ 50 feet, substantiallv constructed, heated ])v steam, provided witli automatic sprinklers and all other rec[uisites and conveniences, including a fine 36-horse-powcr steam engine and boiler to match. The niachinerv eciuii)nient is first-class, embracing 900 s]>indles and a superb complement of approved winding, braiding, and finisliing appliances. From sixty-five to seventy trained operatives are emjiloyed, and the output is not only of sujierior cpiality but large and of great value, comjirising the choicest grades of machine and buttonhole twist, sew- ing and embroiclerv silks, silk and mohair braids, etc., in constantlv increasing volume and variety, the house being famous for novelties, original and adapted Mr. \. H. Rice is from Norfolk, Conn., Mr. W. 15. Rice from Williamsburgh. Mass. Both are practical silk men. active, entcrjnising, and capable, and are steadily building up a large and i)ermanent trade. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. PONTOOSUC WOOLEN MANUFACTURING COMPANY. Thacideus Clapp, President and Manager ; W. F. Bacon, Treasurer ; Directors : Thaddeus Clapp, James M. Barker, Wm. R. Plunkett, David Campbell — Manu- facturers of Blue Flannels, Beavers, and Sleeping Car Blankets — Pontoosuc. The Pontoosuc Woolen Manufacturing Company is a monument to upright old-time busi- ness methods. The company was organized under its present name in 1S26 — si.xty-three years ago — and, notwitiistanding various changes in the official management, some of the original stockholders and the descendants of others continue to draw their dividends, and so far as we can discover not a share of the stock is for sale, though it has been increased from time to time until at this writing the figures are placed at $240,000, with a large surplus. Improvements have also been added to the plant until now it is one of the most extensive, com])lete, and valuable of the kind in New England. Tlie buildings are all of biick, and comprise the mill j^roper, four stories and garret, 45 x 200 feet ; the office and warehouse, adjoining the mill, two stories, 25 x So feet, and several detached two-story and three-and-a- half-story structures — wool storage house, dve-house, boiler and engine-house, etc. Auto- matic sprinklers, gas light, steam heat, and al! modern conveniences are jjrovided in abun- dance, while the office is beautifully finished m natural hard woods and tastefully fitted up. This is a strictly first-class woolen mil;, running twelve sets of cards and ninety broad looms, making superior grades only of indigo blue fianncls, beavers, slee]5ing car and car- riage blankets, which are in use on all .linerican railroads and handled by the trade all over the United States. From 240 to 25c trained ojjeratives are employed, and the machinery equipment, necessarily of the higliest order, is actuated by a splendid i20-horse-p(nver steam engine. Sales average $400,000 [^er annum, and the best proof of the excellence of the com- pany's goods is found in the fact that no surplus ever accumulates. Among the organizers and former nrembers of the corporation were Captain David Cam]ibell, George W. Campbell, and Henrv Shaw, father of the famous " Josh Billings." The late Hon. Ensign H. Kellogg was for a long ]3eriod president of the company, while Thaddeus (.'hijjp, senior, father of the present president, was for many years identified with the company's active management. The Clapps are descended from Captain Roger Clapp of Devonshire, England, who arrived at Xa-'.tasket May 30, 1630, and took up his residence at Dorchester, filling many positions of honor and trust, dying at Boston February 2, 1691, at the ripe age of eighty-two. His descendiiits have been distinguished for industry, enter])rise, and patriot- ism. We have already spoken of Thaddeus Clapp the elder, to whose practical skill and energy the Pontoosuc n.ills are indebted for their success more than to any of its earlier man- agers. His only surviv'ing issue is President Thaddeus Clapp, now at the head of the com- pany, born in Pittsfie'i J, where he received a sound common school education, but, declining a collegiate course, entered the Pontoosuc mill, where, under the personal supervision of his father, he acquired a practical mechanical and business training that has placed him in the front rank of .\iv.drican manufacturers. He l^ecame assistant superintendent in \S^^, su])er- intendent in 1863, general agent and superintendent in 1S65, ^''"l- upo" t'^e death of President Kellogg in 1S82, was chosen to that position. From the first he has devoted most of his time to the company's interests, with what results is seen in the development of the establishment and its standing among .-Vmerican industrial enterprises. He has also done much toward the embellishment of I^ittsfield, having built several of her handsomest residences besides his home on Wendell avenue. May i, 1S45, he married Lucy Goodrich, also a native of Pitts- field, rearing three children, of whom a son and daughter reside here. Treasurer Bacon was for many years treasurer of the Pittsfield Woolen Company, now the Bel Air Manufacturing Company. Messrs. Thaddeus Clapp, James M. Barker, William Plunkett, and David Campbell are directors of the Pontoosuc Woolen Manufacturing Company. ROBBINS, KELLOGG & CO., Manufacturers of Boot and Shoe Specialties for the Wholesale Trade— Cor. Fenn and Fourth Sts. This is probably the largest shoe manufacturing concern in the State west of Springfield, and is quite prosperous. The firm is composed of ^iessrs. Oliver W. Kolibins, Charles W. Kel- logg, natives of Pittsfield; E. C. Johnson, Boston, and X. A. Mills. Pittsfield. and was estab- lished in 1S70. The factory, situated at the corner of Fenn and Fourth streets, comprises two five-story brick buildings, one 40 .x 160 feet, the other 40 x 60 feet, both handsome structures, equipped tliroughout with the latest im])roved shoe machinery, driven by a 35-liorse-power engine, with automatic sprinklers for the prevention of fire, and lighted by gas, while the office, neatly ajipointed, is illuminated by incandescent electric lights. The working force, male and 232 INLAND MASSAC HUSKTTS ILLUSTRATED. female, luimbcrs 275, and the output is large, cash transactions for iSSS aggregating about ?500,ooo. A general line 01 men's and boys' fine and medium shoes in calf and other grades ot leather is made, and much attention is given to special stvles tor various customers. The composition of the house is tirst-class, Mr. Kellogg being a jiractical shoe man, while Mr. Robbins is a member of the .Senate of Massachusetts, having formerly served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. CHARLES M. WHELDEN, Druggist — Nos. 118 and 120 North St. Mr. Charles M. Whelden's extensive and well-known tlrug store at Nos. 118 and 120 North street is headc|uarters for pure drugs, where a specialty is made of compounding jjrescriptions that recpiire exactitude and unusual skill. A large and varied stock of choice drugs, compris- ing everything in tiie mutcriti inedica of value in this latitude, is kept constantly on hand, and patrons may dci^end upon obtaining just what they order and of the best qualitv. Mr. Whel- den is himself a prominent member of the Massachusetts lioard of Pharmacy, and emplovs a carefully trained assistant — a regular i)harmaceutical graduate — who attends the ])rescription desk in his principal's absence. The store, a jxirtion of Mr. Wheklcn's own neat two-story brick block, is an attractive one, 22 x 65 feet, beautifully fitted up with plate glass show cases, cabinets, etc., and disjilays a choice assortment of toilet and fancy goods, a fine soda fountain forming a noticeable feature. Mr. Whelden is a native of Boston, and established himself in this city as long ago as iS5[, retiring in 1S74, and returning ten years later. Mr Whelden was born in 1821, and was a member of the Boston volunteer fire de])artment in 1838. He was a member of the Washing- ton Light (luards in iS4i,and of the Providence fire department in 1845. ■'^^ ■*" t)dd-felIow he was an elective officer of the drand Lodge of the State of Rhode Island in 184S. He was also an officer of the Harriett Rockwell (California) Mining Com])any, which sailed from Boston for San Francisco in 1849. In 1851 he ])urcliased a drug store in Pittsfield, and was an officer in the Pittsfield fire department in 1854; first lieutenant of Co. A, 1st 15attalion Massachusetts Volunteer Militia in 1857 ; an officer of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Com])any in 1S5S; cajJtain of Co. A, ist Battalion of Infantry, 1858-9; volunteer staff officer in 1861. As lieuten- ant-colonel, the first L'nited States volunteer regiment raised in Berkshire county was assigned to him by an order from the War dcjiartment, Maj.-Cen. B. F. lUitler taking connuand in 1861. It left Pittsfield in Januarv, 1862, with 1,046 men. This was the first regiment to land in New- Orleans, Mav, 1S62. In November, 1863, I,ieiit.-Col. Whelden was assigned to the iie|)artment of the James as lieutenant-colonel of the United States cavalry, and was provost marshal of Virginia and North Carolina. In 1864 he was assigned as military superintendent of govern- ment gas works at Norfolk, Va., and as such remained until the close of the war. After the close of the war he returned to Pittsfield, was elected commissioner of sewers, and was chairman of the board for si.\ vears. Colonel Whelden is an elective officer of Mystic Lodge Y. and A. M., and a member of the 32d degree Scottish rite Freemasonry. WAHCONAH FLOURING MILLS. R. A. Teeling, Proprietor — Manufacturer of Choice Flour, Rye Flour, Meal, Mid- dlings, and Feed — Dealer in Grain — Wahconah St. This is one of the most extensive milling jilants in Western Massachusetts, and was estab- lished more than thirty vears ago by Clark, Cole (.\: Powell, who were succeeded by Cole i\: Pow- ell, and thev by Mr. Cole alone. After his death the jiropcrty was managed for sonie years by Warren T. Cole as administrator, and finally sold to Mr. R. A. Teeling May j, 1S87, the lat- ter impro\ ing and ])lacing it in complete repair. On one side of Wahconah street is the stone feed mill of three stories and garret, 40 x 80 feet, fitted up with three run of buhr stones for the manufacture of corn meal, rye flour, and mill feed. Opposite is the (louring mill, of four stories, frame, with stone basement, and equipjied with a full set of .Stevens roll.s — a middling smooth germ, bran, low grade, and round- sectional mill of three brake rolls, su|)plementcd by one run of stones for middlings, pjght men are employed, and both mills are driven by water ])ower. Oreat t|uantities of superior flour, rye flour, meal, mill feed, bran, middlings, etc., are made here and distributed to the trade and consumers in citv and countrv, the capacity for flour alone being forty barrels daily. Mr. Teeling also handles much grain, receiving from the West and delivering to customers. His trade extends to Leno.x, Dalton, and other points within a radius of ten miles. Mr. Teeling, who has made a success of this enterprise, was born at Greenbush, N. V., is a practical miller, a shrewd and capable business man, and stands high in this community. INLAND PilASSACHUSKTTS II, LUSTRA' .1). BEL AIR MANUFACTURING COMPANY. W. T. Petherbridge, President and Treasurer ; J. O. Purnell, Agent and Superin- tendent — Manufacturers of Cassimeres and Hosiery Yarns — Wahconah St. The Del Air Manutacturing Company, established and incorporated in 1872 with a paid-u]) capital of $120,000, is celebrated more for the excellence of its products than for their volume, though the latter is by no means small, sales averaging $400,000 per annum. The main build- ing is of brick, four-and-a-half stories, 45 .\ 90 feet, with which are connected the picking and dressing-rooms, dve-honse, weave-shed, boiler and engine-house and office, covering in all over two-and-a-half acres of land. The machinerv outfit is first-class and com]irehensive, and includes eight sets of cards, 3,600 spindles, and 62 broad looms, the latter for the manufacture of the beautiful cassimeres that have made the "Bel Air" brand a favorite with the tailors, the clothiers, and discriininating consumers everywhere. Besides these goods, however, great quantities of superior hosierv yarns of the highest grade are produced for the trade all over the countrv. The machinerv is operated by one improved turbine water wheel, and a 125-horse- ])ower engine, steam for which and for heating and other purposes is obtained from three large boilers. Two hundred and eight ope,ratives are employed, a portion of whom are housed in the company's tenements, of which there are seventeen. BERKSHIRE MUTUAL EIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. J. L. Peck, President ; J. M. Stevenson, Secretary — Office, Cor. North and East Sts. This companv was organizetl upon a ])urelv mutual basis in 1835. ' '^^ officers are well- known and rejjresentative citizens, President Peck being ]3roi5rietor of I'eck's cotton warj) and flannel mills, a director of the Agricultural National Bank, and interested in other enterprises. Secretary and Treasurer Stevenson, a trained underwriter of six years' pre- vious, experience, has been with this company for ten vears lie is a native of New York State. The board of directors is remarkable for the numl)er of ])rominent business men whose nimes apjjear upon the list, viz.: Messrs. [. C. West, ]. V. l^arkcr, O. W. Kobbins, S. N. Russell, R. W. Adam, T- L. Peck, Hascaf Dodge, F. W. Hinsdale, Thaddcus Clajip, and Henry R. Peirson of Pittsfield; T. G. Ramsdell of Housatonic; \V. B. Plunkett of Adams; Zenas Oane of Dalton ; S. W. Bravton of North Adams; Sidney P>arnes of Becket ; P. C. Baird of Lee; J. B. Dean of Cheshire; P. A. Russell of Great Barrington, and W. D. Curtis of Lenox. The companv's otifice, of modest dimensions, is on the second floor at the corner of North and East streets. wJiere pronijit attention is given to all callers and all ])ossible information and facilities furnished relating to the insurance of jiropcrtv. The growth of the corporation is exhibited in the following comparative statement: — Hid est per .cent At Risk. Cash .Assets. Surplus. Dividend Paid. IS36 $287,624 53.090 19 ■Sjg 184,836 5.275 70 1849 i,628,i;7i 12.9S0 37 60 1859 2>2.1.S.'72 It, 067 71 25 1869 3.052.580 29,783 52 $17,672 9R 25 1R79 5.457.897 S6,266 20 20,129 21 25 1889 6,129,813 ■00,727 33 57.652 30 60 16 234 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUS 1 K A IKl). THIRD NATIONAL BANK OF PITTSFIELD. Henry W. Taft, PresiJent ; Byron Weston. Vice-President: R. B. Bardwell, Cash- ier — Berkshire Life Insurance Company's Building, Cor. North and West Sis. 'riic Tliird N.itioiiiil l!aiil< ul rittsticlil \\.i> iin.iii|)eruus linancial institutions of the interior, occupying handsomely tilted offices in the lierkshire Life Insurance Company's magnificent building and enjoying a liberal share of patronage in the way of deposits, loans, discounts, exchange, etc. 1 he management is at once liberal antl careful, and, while no ciueslionable risks are taken, legitimate enter|)rise ujjon a sounil basis may always depend upon generous irealmenl at the hands of this enterprising insiitntiun. The very names of the otficers anil directors are a guarantee of upright an.d honorable dealing at all times and toward all classes of jialrons. I'resident 'lafl has been clerk uf the courts ol Derkshire comity for thirty-four years, is a citizen of whom any connnunity might well feel proud, and enjoys the confidence and esteem of all classes ; \'ice-rresiclenl Weston is one of the most noted paper manufacturers in this country, e.\-lieutenanl-governor and ex-.Slate senati^r ; while Cashier Hardwell, a native of Shelburne Kalis, has resided here since March 24, 1S64, was for sixteen years paving teller of ihe riltsfield National IJank, and resigned to accept his present position on the inception of the Third National. lie is an accomplished financier, a courteous gentleman, and personally jjopular. The board of directors includes the ])rcsideiit and vice-])resident, Messrs. S. N. Russell, \V. H. Sloan, Charles W. Kellogg, Levi A. .Stevens, E. I). Jone.s, John T. Power, and Lmory l{. Nash. The flourishing condition (.>f this fine bank is exhibited in the ajipeiuled sworn statement to the Comi)troller of the Currency, of date December 31, 1S8S : — RK.SOURCES. l.l.Vlill.lTIKS. Loans and discounts I?37S.S64 20 | Capital stock paid in $125,000 00 Surplus fund 50,000 00 Undivided profits 2S,i7S 53 National bank notes outslandin;.; 45,f>oo 00 Dividend payable Jan. isi, iSi/i 3,12500 Individual deposits subject to check 293,3!<4 29 Demand certificates of deposit 25.43!^ Sg Due to other banks 4,256 82 U. S. bonds to secure circulation 50,000 00 Other bonds Due front approved reserve agents Due from other banks Checks and other cash items liills of other banks Nickels and cents Silver certificates Lepal tender notes Specie Redemption fund with C .^. Treasun (5 per cent, of circulation) 18,000 00 S6,68o 88 12.535 90 878 79 6.67(1 00 218 81 2,200 00 ..,778 00 95 2,250 00 Total >574,3'^.^ 53 Total *574.383 53 CHESHIRE SHOE MANUFACTURING CO. A. Burget, President; H. H. Wellington, Treasurer; C. D. Holman, Secretary and General Manager— Capital, $50,000— Pittsfield. One of the most important additions to the manufacturing interests of I'ittsfield is the .CllEJjJllRE SHOE "M'r'O. CO. ^g^prfjT^rri >.rfir^rrryi.rrrV|i!iB JtfJ Cheshire Slioe Manufactming Companv. Although established here as recentlv as Novem- ber last, the companv has been in succcssfid operation in Cheshire for over five years. Desiring a more eligible locatioir, strong inducements being offered, the present desirable site INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 235 was selected. The plant consists of a substantial structure 100 .\ 200 feet in dimensions, one story and basement. The building is of brick and ^toue to the sills, and above that nujstly of glass, which gives a flood of light. The factory is litted up throughout with automatic sprink- lers, steam heated, and the company, generating its own electricity, at present uses over two hundred lights. Pipes are also laid throughout, so that gas can be used at any time. The latest and most improved shoe manufacturing machinery only is used, and employment is given to an average of 225 skilled hands, who turn out twenty-five cases of shoes a dav, si.Kty pairs to the case. Tw(j steam engines are used, one to run the machinery and one to generate the electricity. The company turns out an excellent quality of women's, misses', and children's shoes, which are in active demand throughout the United States. DALTON. D ALTON was detached from Pittsfield and incorporated March 20, 1784. The town was once known as "Ashuelot Equivalent," and was granted to OUver Partridge and others of Hatfield in lieu of a town- ship in New Hatnpshire supposed by the surveyors to lie in Massachu- setts. A settlement was commenced in 1755. The manufacture of paper was commenced here in 1801 by Henry Wiswall, Zenas Crane, and John Willard ; their establishinent was called the " Old Berkshire " (for a number of years past the property of Carson & Brown, now the Carson & Brown Company). The next paper mill was built in 1809. The town was named in honor of Hon. Tristram Dalton, then speaker of the House L*»« f»fJ-tfsy— r::^ IRVING HOUSE, DALTON. of Representatives. It is a long and narrow townshij") in the ctMilral part of Berkshire county, intersected by the Boston & Albany railroad, one hundred and forty-five miles west of Boston, fifty-seven east of Albany, and bounded north by Cheshire, east by Windsor and Hinsdale, south by Washington, and west by Pittsfield, Lanesborough, and Cheshire. The surface of the town is uneven, and there is a range of hills extending through the northern and highlands in the southern section of the town. Through the valley runs an eastern branch of the Housatonic river, which affords important water power. The central village is inclosed on three sides by the river, which furnishes power for several extensive paper mills and other manufactories. Dalton had a "boom " last year, which bids fair to become a perma- nent condition of prosperity. Many new dwellings and factories were erected, and many more are projected for 1S90. Witli special reference 236 INLAND MASSACHUSFn IS ILLUSTRATED. to the proper accommodation of transient visitors to Berkshire and those \vho come for a Ioniser sojourn amid the deli.^hts of tliis region, Messrs. Zenas and W. Murray Crane, the noted paper manufacturers, selected the most desirable spot in ihe town of Dalloii and crectf-d thereon the superb and commodious new Irving House, a view of which we print on preced- ing page. The house was opened May i, 1S89, ^vith F. L. Bourne as host. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 237 CRANE & CO., Manufacturers of Bank Note and Bond Paper — Dalton. Zeiins Crane was the founder of this now celebrated establishment, and erected the origi- nal mill as long ago as 1801. He was succeeded in 1S42 by Zenas M. and James 1>. Crane, under the name of Crane & Co., which style has been continued to this tune, the present partners being James B., Zenas, and W. Murray Crane. This firm owns and operates two mills — one, called "the Stone mill," situated in Dalton; the other, called "the Government mill," located in the town of Pittsfield, just over the line dividing the towns. At the Stone mill bond and parchment paper of the very best quality is made, and is used almost exclu- sively by the leading bank note companies, printers, and stationers of this country. At the Covernment mill is made the jxnper used by the United States government for its currency, bonds, etc., as is also the paper employed in Canada and many other foreign countries for similar purposes. At both of these mills only the finest selected new cuttings are used, which, with the purest of spring water, the latest improved and most perfect machinery, and long experience, enable this firm to produce paper which is known and used throughout the world. OLD BERKSHIRE MILLS COMPANY. W. Murray Crane, President; John D.Carson, Treasurer — Manufacturers of Linen Ledger and Fine Writing Papers — Dalton. The " Old Ijerkshire ;\Iills " are famed wherever superior writing papers are known and appreciated. This grandly successful industrial venture was established in iSoi by Henry VViswall, Zenas Crane, and John Willard, and after various mutations passed, in 1889, into the hands of the Carson & Brown Co., composed of Messrs. John D. Carson, Zenas Crane, jr., and W. Murray Crane, incorporated last January with a working capital of ^150,000. For twelve years previously the style had been Carson & Brown. Mr. Brown selling out and Mr. Carson remaining with the new corporation, it was determined to perpetuate the name under improved auspices. The stock is owned in equal shares by the gentlemen named, and all being experienced paper manufacturers, there is every reason to anticipate greater prosperity than ever for the time-honored concern. They are interested in four other local paper mills. The old mill was destroyed by fire in 1872, and the present plant, erected in the following year, embraces all modern improvernents, including lighting bv electricity, steam heat, auto- matic sprinklers, steam force pumps, etc. The buildings are three in number, and consist of, first, the rag rooms and engine room, three stories, 40 x 120 feet ; second, the two finishing rooms and drying loft, three stories, 40 x 120 feet ; and third, the machine room, with drying loft above, two stories, 30 x 120 feet, standing between and communicating with both of those first described, thus saving time and labor, the rags ])assing direct to the pulp engines, from them to the machine, and thence to the drying lofts and calenders. In rear of the finishing department is the one-story steam boiler and engine room, 20 x 100 feet, where are situated three boilers and three engines of 150, 45, and 20 horse-power respectively. The machinery ecpiipment embraces evervthing of an apj^roved character suited to the making of the hig^ grade papers for which the mill is celebrated, among which we noted four 550-pound rag engines, two additional rag engines of 800-pounds capacitv each, two large washer engines, one 76-inch Fourdrinier paper machine, seven calenders, two hydraulic presses, one 56-inch Sand- hani pajier-cutter, etc. A working force of one hundred and twenty males and females is recpiirecl in the various departments, and they are housed in fortv neat and comtortable tene- ments, the [iroperty of the company. The output averages three tons daily of linen papers that are unexcelled for all desirable qualities. Z. & W. M. CRANE, Manufacturers of Ladies' Fine Writing Papers and Envelopes, Paper Boxes, etc. 'I'his mill was erected in 1877 bv Z. Crane, Jr., iS; Bro., and last .March the firm name was changed to Z. er machines. Water and steam power are utilized to the extent of 40ohorse-power ; two hundred hands are employed, and the capacitv is 6,000 pounds of finished paper every twenty-four hours. These ]3a]:iers have been awarded medals and diplomas at home and abroad, and are unsurjjassed for all good qualities. Mr. Weston is a native of Dalton and a prominent figure politicallv, having served in the State Senate and as Licutcnant-CJovernor. He owns 1,000 acres in the northern end of the town, including Mount Weston, towering 2,200 feet above tide water. A magnificent flock of pure blooded Southdown sheej) roam over this domain, and a chalet on the mountain, con- structed of logs w'ith an eight-foot chinmey, and bunks for sleejiing, is an attractive retreat for the host and his friends when rabbit-hunting in the winter. Mr. Weston Ijelieves in getting as much comfort as possible out of life, and his home and lands are the scene of unbounded hospitality at all seasons, the ever-open resort of troops of those who have l^ecome bound to the genial ]5roprietor by social and political ties. Probably no man in ]iublic or jirivate life has more friends or fewer enemies, oi' possesses in a more marked degree the gift of conciliating those with whom he comes in contact while preserving his self-respect and winning theirs. In all things he is thorough, and consequently successful. DALTON SHOE COMPANY. H. A. Barton, Jr., President and Treasurer ; M. V. Waring, Manager — Manufacturers of Ladies', Misses', and Children's Fine Shoes — Dalton. Massachusetts boasts no more thrifty or progressive village than Dalton, which welcomes with open arms the establishment within her borders of new business enterprises of a substan- tial character. The most important accession of the past year was the Dalton Shoe Com- ])any, incorporated Julv S, 1S89, with $50,000 capital; H. A. Barton, jr., president and treas- urer; M. V. Waring, manager. The factory, erected expressly for the use of this com.pany, is extensive, substantial, and comi)lete in all details, constructed of l)rick, four stories in height, 40 X 100 feet, and provided with elevators that connect the various floors, thus rendering the handling of materials and finished goods a comparatively easy task. The building is lighted by electricitv, heated by steam, and fitted up in all departments with automatic sprinklers that materiallv relieve the danger of fire and corres]iondingly lower the rate of insurance. In a word, nothing has been neglected that will add to the safety and cleanliness of the factory or the comfort of the enijilovcs, who now number aliout one hundred. Only the latest improved and best machinery is used, and is driven by a 35-horse-])ower Westinghouse steam engine. The average output, of ladies', misses', and children's fine shoes exclusively, is 500 ])airs daily. The goods, unexcelled in material, workmanshiji, finish, and style, are already l>oinilar w'ith consiimers and readily handled by the trade all over the United States. Taking into account the short period that has elapsed since the incejition of the Dalton Shoe Coinpanv. its success is a notable one, while the confidence shown by the trade is a ]Moud testimonial to the reliable character of the goods made. Present indications point to an carlv enlargement of facilities. President j^arton is a native of Dalton. lie has charge of the company's purchases, sales, and finances, while Manager Waring sujierintends the factory. NORTH ADAMS. TIII'L colonial lieiicral court was |)c-lilionc(l by Captain Thomas Wells, about the year 1737, to have the Ho(Jsac river lands surveyed, divided u|), and thrown open to settlement, but it was not until October, 1749, that the work was done. Iiast Hoosac (subsequently known as Adams and comprising within its limits the present towns of Adams and North Adams) was laid out in regular form, seven miles in length from north to south and five miles in width from east to west. Two hundred acres were granted Colonel Williams in 1750. ten acres being reserved ior n IIKST liAl Tl^l I III Ki II. fort, saw and grist mill. This reservation, on which was erected the famous old Fort Massachusetts, now forms a i^irt of the Harrison farm in North Adams near the Williamstown line. June 2, 1762, East Hoosac (with the exception of the 200-acre Williams grant) was sold at public vendue in Boston, by order of the general court, to Nathan Jones for INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 241 ^3200, and April ii, 1766, the title was confirmed to Nathan and Elisha Jones and John Murray, that they might give good title to purchasers of the lands. The property was divided by lot among the proprietors February 5, 1768, Charles Barker having surveyed and plotted the town- ship in lots of 200 acres. The act of incorporation under the name of Adams passed October 15, 1778 — the name being adopted in honor of Samuel Adams, ex-governor of Massachusetts and an eminent revolution- ary patriot. The town took an active part in that great struggle and subsequent events. The original town embraced the Hoosac and Saddle mountains and the valleys through which fiow the north and south branches and the main Hoosac river. The town of North Adams was incorporated by the Legislature of 1877, and the first town meeting was held at the Armory hall April 24, 1878. The wisdom of this movement has been shown by the remarkable progress made during the past twelve years in manufactures and commerce and the rapid increase of population, which now exceeds 13,000. The region is hilly and well watered. The village of North Adams is one of the most enterprising and prosperous in the State, offering extraordinary induce- ments to capital and labor. Besides its regular railroad communications the village is traversed by horse and electric railways, the latter extending to the village of Adams, via Renfrew. Churches and schools are numer- ous and well attended, and social and beneficial organizations flourish. An excellent public library is provided for the use of all residents ; the Y. M. C. A. looks after the moral and physical culture of young men, and, on the whole, the village has good grounds for the claim that it should be incorporated as a city — a claim further strengthened by the recent completion of new water works and the lighting of the streets by electricity. North Adams is reached from Pittsfield by a branch of the Boston & Albany railroad twenty miles in length; it is forty miles east of Troy, N. Y., one hundred and thirty-two miles northwest of Boston, and the Troy & Boston railroad passes through the village. The world- renowned Hoosac tunnel is near by. Two National banks— the Adams, capital half a million dollars, and the Berkshire, capital $200,000 — provide all requisite facilities for loans, exchange, collections, and deposits. Manufacturing is conducted on a large and growing scale, the shoe, woolen and cotton goods, and machinery industries being among the most prominent and important. THE PRESS. THE NORTH ADAMS TRANSCRIPT. The Transcript has entered upon its 50th volume, and is the oldest paper in Northern Berkshire. It was started by John R. Briggs with six hundred subscribers, as a whig paper. It was bought and came into the control of the present publishers and editors in 1866. When they assumed the management it was a six-column folio, with some eight hun- dred subscribers. It has been enlarged six times until now it is a seven- column, eight-page paper, with fiftj'-six columns, and has a circulation of 3,000 copies. It has grown with the growth of the town and circulates in all the towns of Northern Berkshire. It has an office equipment equal to any weekly paper in Western Massachusetts. It is printed in a building of its own, on Bank street, opening into Main street, 20 feet front by 60 feet deep, with three stories above the basement, and the entire bUtck is 242 IMAM) MASSACHUSETTS ILLLSTRA'l KD. devoted to the business. Its counting room and private office, on the first Hoor, are noticeal^le for their finish, convenience, and elegance. In the rear of these offices is the press room, containing six steam presses, five of which are used for job work. Tiie newspaper is printed on a two- revolution Campbell press of great strength and excellence. Over the counting room, on the second story, is the editorial room, 20 feet square and 13 feet higli, furnished with desks and tables, and speaking tubes reaching to every room in the building. The rest of the second floor is used for job composition and contains a large and varied assortment of job type. On the third floor are the book bindery and the newspaper comjiosition room. The //-(///.vr/v// is amply furnished with every facilitv, convenience, and power necessary for newspaper jirinting, jol) work of all kinds, the binding of books, and the manufacture of blank l)ooks in the best style. And last, but not least, the Transcript is a fearless and steadfast Republican paper because it believes that the Republican party, in its principles, policies, and purposes, is the best friend and hope of the Republic. THE HOOSAC VALEKV NEWS. The Jfoosac ]'alle\ Ncws^ a handsome eight-page paper, 35 by 46 inches in size, and published at 38 State street by McMillin & Barber, was estab- lished in January, 1867, by \Vm. H. Phillips and John Mandeville. Among its publishers since that time have been James C. Angell. who ^ maintained a connection with the paper for nearly fifteen years, J. L. Brown, Charles T. Evans, Kdward D. Angell, and A. \V. Ilardman. lulward A. McMillin, one of the present pro- prietors, became connected with the paper October i, 1884, the ^ " firm becoming H a r d m a n & McMillin, and so continuing until Feliruary i, 1888, Mr. McMillin by purchase became sole owner, and a short time subsequent Mr. luhvard C. Bar- ber was admitted to partner- \ ship. The A'<7t'jr was originally an eight-column (juarto, being ■' enlarged Oct. 14, 1882, to nine columns and in October, 1885, it again became necessary on account of its generous advertising patronage to further increase its size, and it was made an eight-page paper of seven columns to the page, the first paper in Berkshire county to adopt the new form. Politically the Nc7i. '' M» fiii ■■.■■•£■ /^^^ INLAND .AIASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 243 demolished in the fall of 1887, and the present handsome building, the property of the North Adams Fire District, was at once erected and the JVnc's took possession of its new and commodious quarters in March of the following year. ADAMS NATIONAL BANK. S. W. Brayton , President; A. C. Houghton, Vice-President ; E. S. Wilkinson, Cashier — Capital Stock, $500,000; Surplus Fund, $100,000 — Adams National Bank Block, Main St. The Adams National iJank was chartered in 1S65 to succeed the old Adams bank, a Stale institution founded in 1832. From the tirst, during a career of fifty-seven years under State and National auspices, the Adams has been noted for careful and conservative management, combined with enterprising public sjjirit, cheerfully and generously supporting and encourag- ing at various times and in the most substantial manner every industrial and commercial venture of a legitimate character established here. The bank building is one of the city's most attractive architectural embellishments, and was erected in 1870 at a cost of $70,000, including the ground. It is of brick, with Philadel- ])hia pressed brick front, tliree stories in height, 60 feet front, 73 feet deep, elegantly finished throughout, and ])rovided with massive lire and burglar-proof vaults. The officers are named above. President Brayton, a native of the State, has always resided here. Mr. Wilkinson has for twenty-five years j^erformed the functions of cashier. The board of directors embraces Mr. Brayton, Vice-President A. C. Houghton, Cashier E. S. Wilkinson, George W. Chase, C. H. Mather, A. B. Wright, C. T. Sampson, V. A. Whitaker, and \Vm. G. Cady, all prominent citizens and leading business men. The Adams National transacts a regular banking busi- ness in loans, discounts, collections, deposits, drafts, foreign and domestic exchange, and makes a specialty of individual and corjjoration accounts, the popularity of the institution being amplv attested bv the number and amount of these. Following is the latest sworn statement to the Comptroller of the Currency, of date December 11, 1889: — RESOURCES. Loans and discounts Overdrafts, secured and unsecured U. S. bonds to secure circu lation Due from approved reserve agents Due from other national banks Hanking house Current expenses and taxes paid Checks and other cash items I'lills of other banks Fractional paper currency, nickels, and cents Specie Legal tender notes Redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circidation) Total . 885,072 60 2,440 59 150,000 00 116,312 42,106 34 40,000 00 3,316 88 2,464 08 9S0 00 726 II,8Sg 17,383 04 45 00 6,750 00 279,441 01 LL\BIL1TIES. Capital stock paid in ^500,000 00 Surplus fund 100,000 00 Undivided profits 37,955 33 National bank notes outstanding 135,000 00 Individual deposits subject to check 375,724 83 Demand certificates of deposit 19.077 9 r Due to other national banks 1 1 1 ,682 94 Total MANSION HOUSE. Joseph Ryan, Proprietor — North Adams, Mass. The Mansion House has long been noteil as one of the most comfortable and convenient hotels in North Adams, being located within a minute's walk from the depot, and at the same time is in the most central point for all the manufacturing establishments of the town, being therefore specially suited to commercial men. This is an old established house, and Mr. Joseph Ryan, the present proprietor, so well known as one of the most obliging hosts in the State, was jiroprietor in former years and well earned his high reputation. The hotel is a handsome four-story structme with mansard roof, and balcony on second floor, and has recently been rej^ainted and rcfmiiished, and all its appointments are of the highest class. Having about eighty excellentlv furnished bedrooms with iiixtuious beds, lieing lighted throughout with gas and electricity and with electric annunciators connecting all rooms with the office, nothing is omitted that could conduce to the convenience of the guests. There are large and tastefully fmnished ]>arlors, fine reading-room and office, while the dining-room can comfortably seat 125 guests. The nii'iiii is all that tlie most fastidious could desire, while the fiiishit- is excellent and the attendance most coiutcous. A well fitted up cafe' supjilics the finest quality of refreshments and a large billiard and i)ool room in connection affords recre- ation to the business tired sojourner. Mr. Joseph Kvan is a gentleman well known and highlv ajipreciated throughout this sec- tion of the State, and those who have once partaken of liis hos])itality are sure to call again. 244 INLAND MASSACHLSKTIS ILLLSTKATED. THE WILSON. F. E. Swift, Proprietor — Main St. The Wilson, North Adams' principal hotel, is a palatial hostelry that might reflect credit upon a metropolitan city. It was built in !ii66 by Mr. A. 15. Wilson of the Wheeler & Wil- son Sewing .Machine Com- pany, and with the opera- house under the same roof and furnishings cost 5i6o,ooo. The building is (if brick, four stories, 150 .\ 150 feet, and contains, in addition to tiie opera-house {ca])able of seating Soo people), one hundred and live bedrooms, four parlors, live commercial travelers' -^amide rooms, billiard and < afi'. antl an elegantly ap- pointed office and rcading- 1 00m on the second floor. The arrangements are on a Lorres])onding scale of ( f)mpleteness, and embrace rvery comfort and conven- ience — broad stairways, elevator, hot and cold water, baths and gas on every floor. The house is practically fire proof, but j is also provided with every- thing that can conduce to the safety of guests. The table is supplied with all of the lu.xuries as well as substantials that can tempt the appetite, skillfully prepared and neatly served, and the rates, $2.50 and $3 per day, are quite reasonable. Mr. Swift, the proprietor, who purchased the property in 1881 and has made it a famous and well patronized hotel, is a native of Vermont and has re])rcsentcd this district in the Massachusetts .Senate. He is a progressive, public-spirited citizen and a genial host. JAMES HUNTER & SON, Iron Founders and Machinists — Manufacturers of P'ulling Mills, Cloth Washers, Soaping Machines, Wool Scourers, Friction Clutch Pulleys, and Cut-off Coup- lings — Main St. It is now forty-one years since James Hunter, a native of .Scotland, started here in a small way as a general iron founder, soon afterward taking an associate in the jjerson of David 'I'emple. Two years later Mr. Temple sold his interest to Mr. Abel Weatherby, but subse- cpiently retired, whereupon the firm (jf Hunter, Thayer & Co. was formed and a grist mill, l)laning mill, and box l'actf)rv were added to the ])lant. This (inn survive fee was fifty cents per annum, but for the ]5ast eleven years the institution has been entirely free to the public, and is in a flourishing condition. GREYLOCK LIES midway between Blackinton and Braytonville, in the town of North Adams, and is chiefly noted as the site of the great Greylock mills, described below. It is a cosy, quiet village, peopled for the most part by mill operatives, though many fine residences are seen in the vicinity. GREYLOCK MILLS. Wellington Smith, President; W. B. Plunkett, Treasurer; C. B. Haynes, Superin- tendent—Manufacturers of Ginghams and Dress Goods— Greylock. The above-named concern was organized as a stock cnmpany in uSSo; capital, 5250,000; president, Theodore Pomeroy. Mr. Pomeroy retired in 1882, and was succeeded by Mr. W. C. 248 INLAND MASSACHUSKTTS ILLUSTRATED. Plunkett, father of the treasurer, who subseciuently died, whereupon Mr. Wellington Smith was chosen e.vccutive. The capital stock has also been increased to $300,000. The ])lant is (juite extensive and one of the most valuable of the kind in this countrv, equipped througiiuut in the latest ajijjroved style and running 475 looms, operated by a fiiie 30ohorse-power steam engine. Four hundred oi)eratives arc employed, and the output, com- prising choice ginghams and dress goods exclusively, which are handled by the trade in all sections of the country, averages three hundred thousand yards per month. The comjjany's property includes the mill buildings proper — two of four stories and base- ment, the other of one story, each 100 .\ 240 feet and constructed of brick, and fifty tenement houses for the use of the mill help. President .Smith is a resident of Lee and treasurer of tlie Sniilh Paper Company.; Treas- urer Plunkett of Adams, where he is a member of \V. C. I'lunkctt & Sons, manufacturers of cotton warp, and treasurer of tlic lierksliirc Cotton Manufactining Company ; and Sui)erin- tendent Ilaynes, who has personal charge of the mills, lives at Greylock. TOWN OF ADAMS. T^IIE original town of Adams is described at length, under the head of ^ North Adams, on a previous page. Since the division of territory and the organizaticm of North Adams each of the towns is about three and a half miles in width from iiorlli to south and five miles in length fr(jm east to west. Adams is bounded 011 tlu; north bv North Adams, on the east by Savoy and I'lorida, on the wi-st by Ciu'shire, New Ashford, and Williainstown, and on tlie south by Cheshire. The land is broken and picturesque, the highest elevation being Mount Grevlock, described in our chapter on Berkshire countv, while the Iloosac river, fed l»y numer- ous brooks, rtows through the center. Popidation al)out 9,000. The village of Adams, on both sides of the Hoosac river and the Boston & Albany railroad (Nortii Adams and Pittsheld branch), is about six miles south of North Adams, with which flourishing place it is also connected by electric railway. Greylock mountain towers ai)ove the bustling village and is the chief feature of the landscape. Adams is a healthy and delight- fid place of residence and the center of much manufacturing, mercantile, and financial activitv. Lying between .\dams and Norlli .\dams arc tlic s[u-iglitly manufactur- INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSl KA riCl). 249 ing villages of Renfrew and Zylunite (formerly known as Howlands), while Maple Grove is south of Adams a mile and a half, on the Boston & Albany railroad, North Adams branch. The industries of the town are diversified and important, embracing the manufacture of fine paper, woolen and cotton fabrics, etc., while here are located the only zylonite plant and manufactory of zylonite goods in the United States. ADAMS. W. C. PLUNKETT & SONS, Manufacturers of Cotton Warps — Adams, Mass. Of the numerous industrial enterprises to wliich Western Massachusetts is indebted for its development few have contributed more toward that end than has the firm above named, founded by the late W. C. I'lunkett, who in 1829 succeeded to the ownership of the old mill, erected at South Village, now Adams, in 1814, and known as the South Village Cotton and Woolen Manufacturing Co.'s mill. The present style was adopted in 1878, and since the death of Mr. Phmkett, senior, the firm has been composed of Messrs. W. B. and C. T. Plunkett, his sons, both born here and representative business men. The new mill — No. 3 — was erected in 18S7, and is a model establishment, constructed of Inick, four stories in height, 72 x 140 feet, connected with which are the dye-house, one story, 50 .\ 70 feet, the beaming-room, 84 x 120 feet, and the boiler and engine house — all lighted throughout by gas, provided with fire hydrants and automatic sprinklers, two steam engines of 225 combined horse-power, and a iio-horse-power turbine wheel. Six thousand spindles are kept going here the year round, and 100 people are emploved. Mill No. 2 on Depot street is also of brick, three stories, 40 x 150 feet, affords 18,000 square feet of floorage, runs 4,000 spindles on cotton warps and yarns alone, and is operated by a high-speed " Buckeye " steam engine. In addition to their mills the firm own sixtv-five tenements occuj^ied by their help. They are largely interested in and manage the (uevlock Mills in North Adams, and the Berkshire Cotton Manufacturing Company. The latter corporation has just completed in .Adams one of the finest cotton mills in New England, with 35,000 spindles and Soo looms. 17 250 INLAND .MASSACHIS! ! I - I! ! rslKAlI D. I 'Kl/yW^ \ /: 4 ' v3 1 ■yi INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 251 L. L. BROWN PAPER COMPANY. L. L. Brown, President; T. A. Mole, Treasurer — Manufacturers of First-Class Linen Ledger and Record Papers — Adams, Mass. The fame of the L L. IJiown Company's superb linen ledger and record papers is not confined to this country but has extended all over the civilized world. For forty years this company have made a specialty of this class of papers, adding im- i,j^£^.«»;;;l^I.-'«*5gSjf^*' '.. / f ..i j g ^^ ^*'*^!!!.- provements from time to lime un- %^^i^'^^^^^^^«**^^j^ t ^, iii 1^^^^^^^^^^^^^- *•'' their goods are now the recog- '"" nized standard in point of strength of fibre, erasing and rewriting, and all other desirable qualities. They are handled by the paper trade and blank-bookmakers everywhere and have no superiors and few rivals. Every sheet is water- marked with the company's name and date of manufacture, and those who want the best grade of paper are thoroughly protected against imposition thereby — a valuable precaution. This representative house was founded in 1S50 by I>. L. Brown & Co. In 1873 ^^^ com- pany was incorporated under the present stvle with a paid-up capital of $200,000. The mills have recently been greatly enlarged, refitted, and newly equijjped by the company, and now comprise the main building of four stories, brick with stone basement, 36 x 240 feet; the rag mill adjoining, also of brick, 31 x 14S feet; the boiler house, 35 x 36 feet, and engine room, 26 X 30 feet, both of stone ; the old machine room, 24 x 63 feet, and new machine room, 24 X 72 feet, both of brick; the size room, 39 x 41 feet, and the old lower mill, 36 x in feet. The equipment is complete and comprises in part two steam engines of 75 and 150 horse- power respectively, fifteen 500-pound rag engines and four 62-inch Fourdrinier paj^er machines. The output embraces all sizes of high-grade linen ledger and record ])apers. These paj^ers are put up in reams with binders' boards, trimmed perfectly square and ready for the ruling machine, and are warranted to erase and rewrite better than any other ])apers made. At the exposition of the Ohio Valley and Central States at Cincinnati in iSSS this company was awarded the highest ]Memium, reading as follows: " 77u- L. L. Biinon Paper Cc's Linen Ledgers excel in strength of fibre, 'writing and erasing t/na/ities. These points being most essential in use, 7CJe award this Conipariy tite previiitni Silver Medal.'''' Their representative at the Paris Kxiiosition of 1889 has recently returned, bringing them the gold medal awarded for superiority of linen ledger and record papers. The .Vmerican Institute of New \'ork at tlieir last exhibition November, 1SS9, awarded this paper a silver medal for superiority, all of which indicates the ap])reciation of well-known goods and tlieir unecpialed excellence when brought in competition with other makes. Two hundred people are employed about the mills, and arc sheltered in thirty tenement- houses belonging to the comjianv. At West Cummington they have a mill making a s])ecialty of "all-linen " and bond j^aj^ers, the product being one ton jier day. This mill constitutes the principal industry of that mountain town, and their weekly payments for labor furnish the main capital to keep the wheels of commerce lubricated there. 252 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. m pM INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF ADAMS. 253 Henry J. Bliss, President; H. H. Wellington, Cashier— No. 23 Center St. Tills institution — one of the model fiduciary trusts of Western Massachusetts — was chartered in 1864, and though controlling less capital than some others situated more favor- ably, has proved a verv tower of strength to the business interests of the vicinity, exhibiting toward sound enterprise of all kinds the greatest possible liberality consistent with careful and conservative management. The banking-house, No. 23 Center street, is commodious, conven- iently arranged, occupied in part bv the South Adams Savings Jiank, whose deposits aggregate over'$620,ooo, and mav be fairlv regarded the money center of the town. That a flourishing business is done is shown bv the loans and discounts, which for the term just closed aggre- gated the handsome sum of $333,831. A general banking business is transacted, specialties being made of collections on all accessible points, transactions in sterling exchange in sums to suit, deposits, loans, discounts, drafts on New York, etc. The officers are named above. President Bliss is also president of the South Adams Savings Bank, of which institution Cashier Wellington is treasurer, holding the same relation to the Cheshire Shoe Manufacturing Company of Pittsfield. The board of directors includes President Bliss — a special justice of the district court for Berkshire county ; L. L. Brown, the famous paper manufacturer; James Renfrew of the Renfrew Manufacturing Company; D. R. Smith, David F. Burlingame, and Cashier Wellington. Appended is the official state- ment of December 11, 1S89: — RESOURCES. Loans and discounts ?333>83i 10 Four per cent. U. S. bonds to secure circu- lation. 50,000 00 Due from approved reserve agents 29,010 17 Due from other national banks Banking house • ■ Current expenses and taxes paid Checks and other cash items Bills of other banks Fractional paper currency, nickels, and cents Specie Legal tender notes Redemption fimd with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent of circulation) Due from U. S. Treasurer, other than 5 per cent, redemption fund .^,317 22 17,000 00 5,238 00 12,495 S2 733 00 166 62 .',030 00 8,000 00 2,250 00 870 00 Total §470,941 63 LIABILITIES. Capital stock paid in $150,000 00 Surplus fund 50,000 00 Undivided profits 43-732 26 National bank notes outstanding 45,000 00 Dividends unpaid. 5600 Individual deposits subject to check 168,448 40 Demand certificates of deposit 13,705 27 Total. ZYLONITE. AMERICAN ZYLONITE COMPANY. President, Emil Kipper; Vice-President, C. A. Denny; Treasurer, S. W. Ingalls — Manufacturers of Zylonite. What is zvlonite ? Briefly, it is a compound of linen ]:>aper, camphor, and alcohol, com- bined and treated chemically, the result being a transj^areiit solid substance of great density, strength, and beauty, capable of being molded to any desired form, and the only known rival of celluloid, to which it is vastly superior for a great variety of uses. The first process is to pass the paper, slieet by sheet, through a machine which at one operation cuts it into strips an inch wide and two feet long and embosses or corrugates the strips — a necessary precaution against their becoming matted together in the second jirocess, wherebv, after being placed in iron vessels, they are treated with acids and reduced bv chemical action to pulp. Camphor and alcohol are next introduced, and incorporated with the mass, which then assumes the character of cellulose. Coloring matter — pigments of any desired shade — are then thoroughly mixed with the coinpound, which, after |)assing lietween heavv polished rollers, is molded into slabs of two feet in width, four or five feet long, and three or four inches thick. Unlike celluloid, zvlonite is not liable to e.vnlode, but burns readilv. It is a perfect substitute for ivorv, shell, bone, etc., and capable of being emploved for anv of the ]>urposes to which those substances are applied. .\n luiglishman, Daniel Spill of the British Zylonite Com]iany,was the inventor, and sold his .Vmerican and Canadian j^atents to the American Zylonite Com- pany, capital $750,000, incorporated under the laws of New York September ii, iSSo. The plant of the companv at Zvlonite, near Adams, Mass., comprises some fourteen or fif- teen one and two story brick buildings of varying design and dimensions, fitted up with 254 INLAND MASSACHUSKTTS ILLUSTRATED. special reference to the work to be ])erf()rinccl. A description of the premises would convey biit an inadequate notion of their extent and the vast amount of intricate and laborious oper- ati(jns carried on, and we shall not attempt it. Sutike it to say that in addition to ample steam i)oweri25 people are employed — the company providing twenty-three tenements for their sh(.ltcr. Eight hundred pounds of p,.|.v. ,,,■,,, ilic L. I,. 15rown \'a\».i Ci.iiij..iii^ i- >_..ii- sumcd daily, and the output varies from six to nine tons per week, being shipped to all points in this country, Canada, and Continental ICurope. President I'^mil Kijijier is a resident of Adams, as is aho Treasurer Ingalls. The latter is also vice-president of the United Zylonite Company, described below. THE UNITED ZYLONITE COMPANY. W. L. Brown, President ; S. W. Ingalls, Vice-President ; Frank S. Richardson, Treasurer — Manufacturers of Zylonite Collars and Cuffs, Combs, Brushes, Instrument and Cutlery Handles, Mirror and Picture Frames, Sporting Goods, Ornaments, etc. The United Zylonite Company was incor]5orated in March, iSSS, the result of a consolida- tion of the Zylonite Comb and Urush Company, capital ?ioo,ooo, and the Zvlonite Novelty Company, cajiital $100,000, the former dating from 1SS3 and the latter from ii5S4. The cajii- tal stock of the new company is half a million dollars. The |)lant comprises four or five brick buildings of one and two stories and of varving dimensions, cc|uip|)eil in the completest manner with special maciiinerv run by steam ])ower, tiic whole lighted bv the incandescent electric system. The working force of both sexes numbers 500, and the output is immense in volume and value, including among other items 1,200 dozen collars and cuffs, 175 dozen, brushes, combs, and mirrors, manicure sets, paper-cutters, poker chips, dice, cutlery handles, etc., in great quantities, and novelties of maiiv kinds. Uesidcs, a department is set aside for the manufacture of ])ackages recpiired, and when necessary fifty dozen plush toilet cases and 2,000 dozen collar and cuff boxes can be made dailv. These goods are su|)ci ior to anv o( similar character ever hitherto produced, and are fast driving celluloid out of the market. In addition to their superior stvle, finish, and durability, they are absolutely non-exjilosivc — a rpialitv that gives them at once the advantage with dis- criminating buyers. President IJrown resides in New ^'ork. \'ice-President Ingalls lives at Zylonite, and is treasurer of the American Zylonite Company. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. THE ZYLONITE HOTEL. 355 Harry Donohue, Proprietor — Zylonite. This popular liotel and road-liouse was built in 1SS6 by Frank Hasi. V. & A. L. I'hillips succeeded in 1S79, when the |)lant was overhauled, considerably enlarged, and greatly iniiproved in all departments. As the property now stands it consists of a sujjerbly appointed brick mill building, 20G feet front by 52 feet dee]), e(|uipi)ed with a comprehensive and costly complement of carding, spin- ning, dyeing, and weaving machinery, fitted up with electric light, steam heat, autonutic sprink- lers, a loo-horse-power steam engine, and a loo-horse-powcr turbine water wheel. Near by are the company's thirty tenements for the shelter of the operatives, 125 of whom are employed. The output of the mill, famous all over the United States for fineness of grade, uniformity of texture, beauty of design, and elegance of finish, is confined to superior domestic cassimeres exclusively and averages 1,500 yards daily — 500 yards in 90-foot pieces and 1,000 yards in 40-foot pieces. These goods are supplied to the trade through reputable New York commission houses only, at prices fixed by periodical auction sales. THE TOWN OF LEE. "T^HE town of Lee, incorporated October 21, 1777, and named in honor '^ of General Charles Lee of the Revolutionary army, is jtist south of the county's center on the Housatonic river ; averages six by five miles in area, though of irreguhir form ; is bounded on the west and nnrtl) l>y Stockbridge and Lenox, on the northeast by Washington, on tlie east by Becket, and on the south by Great Harrington and Tyringham. On the east is the continuation of the Green mountain range, and the land generally is hilly but fertile. The Housatonic, flowing through the center, drains Laurel lake, a natural reservoir supplying power to the mills for months in the dry season. The scenery is very fine. Limestone and other valuable deposits abound, and lime and building stone are shipped in great quantities. Lee, situated on the river and Housatonic railroad, is the seat of town government and principal business center. Paper of all kinds and paper mill machinery are the principal articles of manufacture. Popidation of the town, about 4,000. East Lee, a lively village, is two miles east of Lee, on the Green Water river, and reached by an excellent country road. This is another considerable industrial center. South Lee, strung along the Housatonic river and railroad in the southwestern part of tlie town, is a post village and the site of considerable manufacturing activity. GROSS BROTHERS' MARBLE WORKS. Quarriers of Fine White Marble — Lee. The marble taken from the quarries at Lee, Massachusetts, ranks high in the highest class, and all acknowledge that it is vastly superior to many other marbles used, as well as to other kinds of stone. The discussion in relation to I,ee marble is not a new one ; the same decision was rendered many years ago by able men after critical tests, but this recent affirmation of the older verdict will convince those interested that the original claims made for the Lee marble were just and truthful claims, and that nothing to surpass it as a building stone has yet been INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTR ATKD. 257 found. As long ago as 186S Quartermaster General Meigs, who had charge of the erection of the wings of the national capitol, wrote in reply to a letter of inquiry as follows : — Dear Sir : — You ask my opinion of the Lee marble. The marble from the quarries at Lee, Berkshire county, Mass., of which the wings of the United States capitol are constructed, has proven to be a most excellent building stone. It has greater specific gravity, greater power to sustain weight, and greater hardness than the marble con- taining only carbonate of lime ; it is crystalline carbonate of lime and magnesia. The two salts being present in atomic proportions it effervesces but feebly with acids and should resist the corrosive effect of carbonic and other acids in the atmosphere and in water better than the more soluble simple carbonate of hme. It is now sixteen years since the lower course of stone was laid upon the wings of the capitol, and the exposed surface of the blocks of the Lee marble of which it is composed are as bright in color, as free from stain and from corrosives, as on the day they were set. I have within the last eighteen months seen the most celebrated buildings, civil and religious, of the old world, and there is no palace or church, or antique ruined temple, or monument, in Europe of a material approaching the Lee marble in beauty, and I do not believe there is one which, in our climate of extremes, would prove so durable. I made extensive inquiry by public advertisements for marbles for decoration and construction of the wings of the capitol of the United States during the many years I was engaged in their erection. The sculpture of the pediment of the capitol executed in the Lee marble preserves its brilliant whiteness and seems to resist perfectly the effect of the climate. I am very respectfully your obedient servant, M. C. MEIGS. Among others the following well known buildings are wholly or in part faced with Lee marble. So far as we can, we give dates of erection, that our readers may judge how this stone is affected by the weather : — United States' capitol extension, Washington, D. C, 1852 ; First National Bank, Wash- ington, D. C. ; portion of post office building, Washington, D. C; terrace wall, U. S. capitol, ^-J '^' *,'i. .S-L ,''*«^"' W*^ ''--<^ / -f f' ■SA. V i'-i*t>'' y ' Washington, D. C. ; also 25,000 headstones furnished for U. S. soldiers ; Farmers and Mechanics' Bank, Chestnut street, above Fourth, Philadelphia, Pa., 1854 ; Fidelity Trust Company's building, Chestnut street, below Fourth, Philadelphia, Pa., 1866; Caldwell's store. Chestnut street, above Ninth, Philadelphia, Pa., i860; Dr. Jayne's store. Chestnut street, above Si.xth, Philadelphia, Pa., 1861 ; Messcheut's stores (three). Chestnut street, above Twelfth, Philadelphia, Pa., 1S66 ; John Rice's house, Twenty-first and Walnut streets, Phila- delphia, Pa., 1864 ; Dr. Javne's house, Nineteenth and Chestnut streets, Philadel]ihia, Pa , 1865; Dre.xel Bank building. Fifth and Chestnut streets, I'hiiadcliihia, Pa., iSSS ; Philadel- phia Trust Company's building. For the past twelve vears the proprietors of the Lee quarries have been furnishing marble for the new public building, corner of Market and P>road streets, Philadelphia, Pa. This build- ing required from 6^0.000 to 700,000 cubic feet, and is the largest contract ever filled by any firm or companv in this coinitrv ; Richardson building, Newell building, Jones building, and several others which we camiot now i^lacc, in l^oston, NLass. ; in New York city a jiortion of the new Catholic cathedral and manv stores, some Iniilt as early as 1S56. These cpiarries were opened by Rice & Heebncr in 1S52. In 1S6S Mr F. S. CIross pur- chased and lias since worked them under the firm name of C.ross Bros. A description of the quarries and of the method of getting the stone would doubtless prove of interest to many, but space forbids. Wc can only advise those about to build with stone to correspond with this firm. They are fully prejxarcd to take and to promjitly fill contracts of size for Lee marble in tlie rough, cut to dimensions and carved to designs. For the past twelve years the average output of these quarries has been about 70,000 cubic feet per vear. In 1S83 thcv opened another vein, a superior quality of both white and blue, equal to the finest American marble, which they are now prepared to furnish to the trade for interior and monumental work. 258 INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. MORGAN HOUSE. J. H. Wood, Proprietor — Main St., Lee. The Morgan is Lee's principal hotel, the standby and lionic of tlic traveler when here during the past fifty years. It has passed througii many hands — (.'harles .Morgan, and before him his fatlier for many years, dispensing a generous hospitality under its roof Mr. J. H. Wood assumed the management last May-day, and has already made many improvements, refitting and refurnishing the establishment throughout, and enjoys a greatly increased patronage. The iiouse is eligibly situated upon the principal tiioroughfare, the surroundings are attractive, and comfort and convenience are the characteristics. 'I'he building is frame, two stories, 40 x 50 feet, witli office, parlor, large dining-room and twentv-five neat, clean, well furnished, and inviting bedrooms. 'I'he table is supplied with an abundance of wholesome food, prei)ared in the most appetizing manner, antl served by polite and attentive waiters, and nothing is left undone to make guests at home and happy. Mr. Wood is a native of Old Acton, Mass.. and was for several years projirietor of the North Adams railroad restaurant. lie is a pleasant, liberal, and accommodating host. EAST LEE. THE P. C. BAIRD PAPER MILLS. G. K. Baird, Manager — Manufacturers of Blotting, Folding Bristol, and Chromo Plate Papers — East Lee ; P. O., Lee. The " Congress " and " National " mills were built some forty years ago, and passed to the ownership of .Mr. I'. C. l^aird just previous to the outbreak of the civil war. For several years these mills were driven to their utmost cai)acity in the filling of orders, the demand for |)ai)er for the manufacture of collars (then a leading specialty) being esjiccially large. The " new mill," so styled, was erected thirteen years ago. The buildings are all frame, of two and three st(jries, and vary from 35 .\ 60 to 35 x So feet in area. The equipment is fully adequate to rctpiire- nients, and embraces a cylinder paper machine and four beating engines in the "Congress" mill, four engines in the " National," and two wasiier engines in the new mill, all driven bv water and provided with steam power for emergencies. Thirty-five hands are cmploved (living in the projjrietor's tenements, of wliich there are si.xtcen), and the output is (uPte large, com])rising superior grades of blotting, folding bristol, and chromo plate jiajjers, in addition to which consitlerablc orticrs are still filled for collar papers. Goods are shipi^ed to all jtarts of the Union. Mr. 1'. C. I'aird was born at lieckct, and has resided in Lee for thirtv-five years. He is an extensive real estate owner, president of the Lee National Hank, and a stockholilcr in the Huilbut I'aper Manufacturing Conii)any. His brother, Mr. G. K. Haird, is the eliirient manager of the P. C. liaird mills. E. & S. MAY PAPER COMPANY. H. B. May of Lee, Sylvester May, Jr.. of New York — Manufacturers of Fine Writing, Steel Plate, and Pnotogravure Papers — P. O., Lee. .Many pages of this work are devoted to the paper industry and descriptions of the great mills of Ilolyoke and other Western Massachusetts localities, but we believe no account is elsewhere given of a plant that makes leading specialties of high-grade papers for the use of steel plate printers and i)hotogravure printers. .Such an establishment is tliat of the K. & S. May I'ajjer Company of Lee, founded many years ago by K. & S. May — 1S34 — by whom it was conducted for a long period. The IC. & .S. Alav I'aper Company was incorporated 1SS6. After the death of those gentlemen their sons assumed control, and so continued until last fall, when Messrs. II. H. and Svlvester Mav, sons of the Svlveslcr Mav above named, became sole owners. The j^lant comprises two adjoining frame buildings eacli of two stories, 45 .\ 120 feet. In one of these arc situated two beating engines, in the other two washers, each of large capacity, while a first-class paper machine works up the materials as prepared. The rest of the machinery is in keeping, and both water and steam jiower is utilizc(l. Kiftv peo|)le are emi)loyed and the company provides ten tenement houses for their occuiiancy. The capacity of the mills is quite large, and the outjuit, comprising the finer grades of writing, steel piate, and photogravure papers, is in great demand, being handled by the trade all over the I'nitcd States. The brothers May arc natives of Lcc. II. 1'. resides here and .Sylvester, jr., in New York citv. INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 259 E. P. TANNER, Foundry and Machine Shops — East L,ee ; P. O., Lee. The paper makers of Massachusetts, New England, and the country at hirge are prettv well acquainted with Mr. Tanner through the machinery adapted to their wants which for more than a cjuarter of a century he has been constructing and improving in a cjuiet way at East Lee. The works were originally established over twenty-five years ago by Messrs. Tanner & Per- kins. Later Mr. Tanner managed the concern as agent for a Icjng time, and during the past year became sole proi)rietor. The shops are commodious, occuin' a frame building, and are fitted up with all requisite machinery, lathes, drills, and appliances, driven by water jjower. Two ui^per floors are set apart for a wood-working department, complete in all details. Seventeen skilled workmen are employed, and a vast amount of fine work is done for pa]jer manufacturers all over the United States, the specialties embracing all the essentials of the modern j^ajjer mill. Mr Tanner, a long-time and much respected resident of East Lee, is an accomplished practical mechanic. BENTON BROTHERS. Manufacturers of Fine Ledger and Commercial Papers — East Lee, P. O., Lee. It has been about forty years since Benton & Garfield erected the original plant, since greatly enlarged and improved, and began the manufacture of paper upon the spot now occu- pied by Benton Brothers' mill. Mr. Benton's sons, Charles C. and J. F., succeeded to the ownership and management at a later period, and for twenty-five years have been steadily adding to tiie volume of their output and to their fame as manufacturers, making leading specialties of the finer grades of ledger and commercial papers in a great varietv of stvles, for which they find ready sale to the extent of their capacity. The i^reniises comprise the mill building proper, a substantial frame structure of three stories, 40 .x 100 feet, well equipped with the usual machinerv, including four capacious rag- engines and one 62-inch Fourdrinier paper machine, all run by steam and water power ; eight tenement houses being provided for the operatives, of whom from twenty-five to thirty are employed. The firm is in a prosperous condition and its products popular with the trade. Mr. Charles C. Benton is vice-president of the Lee National Bank and Mr. J. P". Benton a director of the same institution. Both are natives of Lee. JOHN Mclaughlin, Foundry and Machine Shop — East Lee, P. O., Lee. Paper manufacturers and others requiring special machinery of accurate and skillful construction should bear in mind that some of the best work of this kind in New England is from the shops of Mr. John McLaughlin, who makes specialties of high-grade paper calenders and similar devices. A skillful practical mechanic himself, he employs only the best work- men and turns out work that is in all respects equal to any produced in the large cities. Mr. McLaughlin's works occupy a commodious two-story frame building and are equijjped with all necessary appliances in both foundry and machine shop, the machinery driven by water power. Eight men are employed in all departments, and the capacity is equal to all demands. Orders are promptly filled, and particular attention invited to the superior patent horizontal calender which forms his leading specialty. This calender, invented by Mr. McLaughlin, patent No. 41 1,051, .SejJtember 17, 1SS9, is a marked imi^rovement over the old style of machines for this pur]>ose. The old stvle has the rolls arranged one above tiie other in a frame, or stack as it is called ; the pa])er receives pressure as it passes between the rolls in only one direction, so that in a five-roll calender it only receives pressure four times. In the new invention the rolls are arranged in sets of jiairs, and the paper receives pressure both horizontally and vertically, so that in a si.x-roli calender it receives pressure seven times, and paper jiassing through tliis calender once receives more finish than twice through an ordinary one ; so that it is both r lal^or saving machine and saves a large amount of broken pajier. Mr. McLaughlin came here a bov in 1S36, served a regular ai)i)renticeslnp with tiie noted old machinist firm of Beach & Rovce, and has been established in business at the same place since 1847 — nearly forty-four years. 26o INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. SOUTH LEE. HURLBUT PAPER MANUFACTURING COMPANY. T. O. Hurlbut, President ; H. C. Hurlbut, Vice-President ; A. W. Eaton, Treasurer- Manufacturers of Fine Writing Papers — South Lee. Western Massachusetts offers many advantages to the manufacturer of paper, not the least of which is the abundance of water jjower on the one hand and of pure mountain spring water on the other — the latter indispensable in the production especially of fine writing papers. No county in the State is more favored by nature in these respects than is Berkshire, and con- sequently the paper industry flourishes here. Prominent among the old-established mills are those of the Hurlbut Paper Manufacturing Company on the llousatonic river at South Lee, the llousatonic railroad furnishing ample facilities for the delivery of stock and the shipment of finished product. The original mill was erected in 1822 by Owen and Hurlbut, and after the dissolution of that fmii, in 1S40, it was ciitirelv owned by the Hurlbuts until iSSS, when the present .■•.?■ 'vfe'. cW !f::? n R S =1 i l.'i -^ kic^-s^ /^URLBUT PaPErH^'O'Co' company was organized and soon afterward incorporated with cash caiMtal to the amount of §150,000. The principal building is a fine three and five-story brick structure that covers more than three-fourths of an acre of ground, heated by steam and provided with automatic sprink- lers as a precaution against fire. The machinery equipment embraces, besides all other requisites, eight 50opound and four 700-pound rag engines, one 80-inch and one 66-inch Fourdrinier paper machines, the whole driven by four turbine wheels aggregating 400 horse- power and a 150-horse-power steam engine. One hundred and seventy-five hands are employed, and the output averages five tons per day of fine writing papers, bond and ledger papers, and papeterie stock in great variety and high grade. These goods are handled by the trade all over the United .States and Canada and are held in high favor. President T. O. Hurlbut and Vice-President H. C. Hurlbut are natives of Lee, Mass. Treasurer Eaton was born at Hartford, Conn., and is also secretary of the East Hartford Manufacturing Comjiany, whose ]iapcr mills are situated at Burnside, Conn. TOWN OF GREAT BARRINGTON. r^REAT BARRINGTON was incorporated June 30, 1761. It is of ^-^ irregular shape, bounded on tlie north by Lee, Stockbridge, and West Stockbridge, on the east by Alford and Egremont, on the south by Egremont, Sheffield, and New Marlboro, and on the west by Tyringham, Monterey, and New Marlboro. The village of Great Barrington, a delight- ful place of residence, is situated on the Housatonic river and railroad, as is the village of Housatonic, the latter a flourishing seat of manufact- ures. HOUSATONIC. MONUMENT MILLS. President and Treasurer, George Church of Great Barrington; Agent and Manager, T. G. Ramsdell of Housatonic — Manufacturers of Cotton Warps, White Quilts, and Counterpanes — Housatonic. This is one of the largest industrial concerns in Berkshire county and an important repre- sentative of Western Massachusetts enterprise. Founded forty years ago, in 1850, the venture was successful from the start. During its long and prosperous career a vast number of improvements in processes, facilities, and environment have been added, and at present the jilant consists of three great brick mill buildings, respectivelv three, four, and five stories in height, and three frame buildings of one and a half, four, and five stories, besides fifty-six tenements for the use of the three hundred operatives, for whose further accommodation seven drv goods, shoe, grocerv, and provision stores are maintained, the whole constituting a neat and attractive village. The mill equipment, as mav well be sujiposed, is of a superior order and quite comprehen- sive, consisting in part of 17,500 spindles and sixtv-eight broad looms, all run by water power, of wliich the company controls an ample supplv. The out]nit is iiumense in quantitv and value, and is handled by the trade tliroughout the United States wherever the tasty American housewife is found, for nothing adds more to the beauty and enjoyment of bedroom and bed than the dainty white quilts and counterpanes made here — each a work of art and a delight to the eye. The comi^any's cotton warps are of the highest grade and disposed of to manufactur- ers of fine cotton goods everywhere. Presitlent and Treasurer George Ciimxh is a j^irominent and public-spirited citizen of Great 15arrington. Agent and Manager T. G. Ramsdell, a thoroughly practical business man, has personal supervision of the mills. C. M. LORING & CO., BANKERS, Room 4, Athol Building, No. 227 Main St., Opp. Massasoit House. SPRINGFIELD, MASS. MONEY TO LOAN IN SUMS TO SUIT III Springfield and vicinity on Furniture, Pianos, Machinery, vvliicli may remain witli tlie owner; on merchandise in storehouse, and on second mortgages on real estate. Business strictly confidential. Prompt attention paid to communications by mail. THE TOWN OF CHESTER. CHESTER is in the extreme northwest corner of Hampden county, l)()iin(le(l on the north and east by Hampshire and on the west by Berkshire county. It is rather hilly, well watered, and a desirable resort for health and pleasure seekers, while the natural advantages and resources invite the investment of capital in manufacturing enterprises. The bright and cheery village of Chester is a station on the Boston & Albany rail- road twenty-seven miles west of Springfield. Here are located several nourishing industries, the most prominent of which are described below. HAMPDEN CORUNDUM WHEEL COMPANY. W. P. Leshure, President; J. D. Safford, Secretary and Treasurer. The Chester hills arc noted for ilicir e.xcellcnt quality of emery, which occurs in pockets in intervals of about lOO feet for al)out six miles, and is found nowhere else in this country and in onlv one other place in the world. Naturally the village of Chester is the site of several works devoted to the manufacUire of emery machinery and the trade in emery and corundum. A prominent house devoted to this branch of industry here is that of the Hampden Corundum Wheel Comjjany. This house was originally established on Taylor street, Springfield, two years ago. One year since the works were removed to their jiresent more convenient location for manufacture. The premises occujjied are (piite connnodious and are fitted up with lathes, planers, moulds, and other necei^sary machinery, driven l)y water power, of which there is a good supi)ly in this vicinity. A numl)er of skilled workmen are constantly emploved throughout the year in the manufacture of pure sapphire corundum wheels and grinding machinery of every description, while a large trade is done in emery and corundum in bulk. " The goods manufacturetl by this house are of e.\cellent quality and have a high standard in the market, the trade extending throughout the entire United States. The ofikers of the companv are \V. P. Leshure, president, and J. 1). Safford, secretary and treasurer, gentlemen well known in business and financial circles. Since the inception of this housethe business has steadily increased from month to month, and from jjrcsent indi- cations the outlook for the future is of the most promising nature. GEORGE D. HAPGOOD & SON, Tanners — Chester. The trade of the tanner has at all times Ijcen an important one and is of very ancient origin, being mentioned in IIolv Writ. Creat improvements have taken place in the manufacture of leather since those davs. Holding a prominent place among those engaged in tiiis line in Western .Massaciiusetts is the well known and old established house of (Jeorge 1). Hai)good & Son, whose extensive tannery is located at Chester. This house was founded nearly eighty years ago, and, after jiassing through .several hands, the present senior member of the present firm succeeded thirtv-two years ago to I.oring ^: I.each of lioston. In the vear iS-G the tannery was burned down, but with that spirit of ])ush and enterprise characteristic of the projirietor it was immediatelv rebuilt on a larger and belter scale, and Mr. H.ipgood's son, Ceorge H., was admitted to active jiartnership. Tiie tannery, including bark sheds, etc., covei-s two acres of ground, and is thoroughly equipped with every requisite for the successful prosecution of the business, a turbine wheel of large capacity and a fifteen-horsc-power steam engine sup|)lying the motive ])owcr for driving the machinery, while from ten to twelve skilled workmen are steadilv emi)loved ou the ])rcmi>es. The jiroduct consists entirely of upper leather for shoemakers' use, l)ut is not finished here, that i)art of the work being done at Shrewsbury, M.tss. Ihe entire i)roduct of the tannery is taken by C. O. Creene iS: Co. of Shrewsburv, who do the finisliing and supply the trade throughout the Kastern States. Mr. Hajigood is a gentleman well uj) m years and is a thoroughly skilled, jiractical tanner, having spent most of his life in this vocation. His son, Mr. (leorge H. Hapgood, now takes the most active mai'iagcmcut, and with his father personally supervises all the details of the business REPRESENTATIVE HOUSES. HAMPDEN COUNTY. SPRINGFIELD. PAGE AMUSEMENTS. '» Gilinore's Opera House 80 Artistic Houseliold Goods. Quinnell, VV. L 78 Awnings and Tents — Manufacturers. Burgin Brothers 62 DABY CARRIAGES, TOYS, ETC.— Dealer. '-' Giinn, F. L 72 Banks — National. Agawam National Bank 39 First National 58 Pynchon National 71 Banks — Savings. Springfield (The) Institution for .Savings 87 Springfield Five Cents Savings Bank 76 Bankers — General. Fennessy, Armstrong & Co 44 Bankers — Investment. Woodbury, Moulton & Stearns 89 Booksellers and .Stationers. Adams, (The) W. F.,Co 48 Gill, J. D 84 Boots and Shoes — Dealers. Ingalls, G. W. , & Co 72 Butchers' Garments — Manufacturers. Taintor Co. (The) 44 Button Manufacturers. Newell Brothers Manufacturing Co 59 pABLE CAR GRIP TRUCK MFRS. ^^ Bemis Car Box Co 51 Car Bo.K Manufacturers. Bemis Car Box Co 51 Carriage Manufacturers. Rogers, John H S3 Smith, \V. H 5t Chicago Dressed Meats, Provisions, etc. Nye, George, & Co Si Church Organs — Manufacturers. Steere & Turner 43 Clothiers. Besse, Carpenter & Co 79 Coal Dealer. Cowan, J. M 84 Corset Manufacturers. Bay .State Corset Co 82 Cracker and Cake Manufacturers. Carr, J. S.,&' Co 77 Cycle Manufacturers. Warwick (The) Cycle Manufacturing Co 91 DESIGNER AND ENGRAVER— Artistic. Brecknell, W. J 76 Designer and Engraver on Wood. Bolles, P'rank, Jr 71 Distillers. Porter (The H.) Co 56 Dry Goods, etc. — Importers. Forbes c"t Wallace 57 Dry Goods, etc.— Wholesale and Retail. Forbes & Wallace 57 pLECTRICAL APPARATUS, ETC. ^ .Arsino(TheC B.) Electrical Co 86 Electric Car Truck Manufacturers. Bemis Car Box Co 51 Electrotyper. Van Vlack, Charles 49 Emery Whepl Machinery — M.nnufacturers. Springfield Emery Wheel Maiuifacturing Co 54 PAGE Emery Wheel Manufacturers. Springfield Emery Wheel Manufacturing Co 54 Engravers. Bradley, Milton, Co 74 Bolles, Frank, Jr -ji Envelope Manufacturers. Birnie Paper Co 46 Morgan Envelope Co 92 Springfield (The) Envelope Co 88 CANCY DRV GOODS AND NOVELTIES ^ — Importer, Wholesale and Retail Dealer. Wilder, F. B 66 Fertilizers — Dealers. Sibley & Moore 46 Fine Art Goods. Gill, J. D 84 Flour, Grain, and Feed Dealers. Sibley & Moore 46 Fruits, Nuts, Canned Goods, etc. Steele, B. Frank, & Co 55 Funeral Director. Washburn, E. G 6S r^ARNET PAPER MANUFACTURERS. ^-* Springfield Emery Wheel Manufacturing Co. . 54 Grocers — Wholesale and Retail. Call, Charles A 58 Marsh, J. S.,&.Son 60 UARDWARE, IRON, AND .STEEL— Whole- » * sale. Foot, Homer, & Co 73 Hardware Specialties — Manufacturers. Bemis & Call H ardware and Tool Co 52 Davis (The) Level and Tool Co 56 Harness, Saddlery, etc. — Wholesale. Baker & Co 66 Heating Apparatus — Manufacturers. Phillips Manufacturing Co 40 Home Amusements — Manufacturers. Bradley, Milton, Co 74 Hotels. Cooley's Hotel 75 Hotel \Varwick 7S Massasoit House 4S IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF BUILDERS. * Hawkins (R. F.) Iron Works 45 Insurance — Employers' Liability. Employers', Limited, of London 93 Insurance— Fire and Marine. .Springfield P'ire and Marine Insurance Co 49 Insurance — Life — .Agency. Fay, S. B., Connecticut Mutual 50 Insurance — Life. Massachusetts (The) Mutual Life Insurance Co.. 63 Interior Decorators. Adams, (The) W. F., Co 48 TEWELRV. WATCHES, DIAMONDS, ETC. ^ L.add, F. E 60 L' INDERGARTEN SUPPLIES— Mfrs. '^ Bradley, Milton, Co 74 I AUNDRIES— Steam. *-■ Excelsior Steam I. ainidry 68 Royce's Troy Laundry 74 Lithographers. Bradley, Milton, Co 74 Lumber — Wholesale. P. H. Potter 53 264 INDEX. MACHINKRV BUILDERS. Hawkins (K. K.) Iron Works iM.icliinerv, Shafting, and Piillt-ys — Manufacturers. Kiisscll it D.iy M.Kliinists' bniiplic'S — Manufacturers. I)avi> ( riie) Level and Tool Co Machinists' 'I'ools — Manufacturers. ISeniis & Call Hardware and Tool Co Markets. Warwick Market, C. P. Kibbe & Co Meats and Provisions — Wholesale and Retail. bheldon, E. C.,& Son Mercantile Agency. Dun, R. (J, & Co Milk Dealers. Springfield Co-operative Milk Association NARROW FABRICS— Manufacturers. .Springfield Weaving Co OILS— Dealer. Hamilton, John DAPER DEALERS. ' Birnie Paper Co Pliotographers. Goldsmith, IC. C H ardy, E. W Moore, Chauncev L., & Co Planing Mills. Potter, P. H Phimber.s — Sanitary. Phillips Manufacturing Co Plusli and .Satin Novelties — Manuf.icturers. Biriiie Paper Co Pork Packers and Dealers. Niles, A. P., & Son Printers. Br.idley, Milton, Co Printers and Binders. Springfield (The) Printing and liinding Co 45 52 5'^ 52 I 72 " I 55 67 73 46 67 I 5' „ , ,. , PACiE Publishers. Merriam, G. & C, & Co 69 OAGS AND PAPER .STOCK. '^ Dexter, J. K., i»t Co gj Railroad and Steamship Agent. Gunn, E. 1 -2 Repeating .Arms— Manufacturers. liullard Repeating Arms Co 42 Restaurants. Barr's Dining Room 53 Revolver Manufacturers. .Smith & Wesson . , .,1 CRATE MANUE.ACTURERS. *-' Barney I'i Berry 95 .Soap M.mufacturers. lisl; .Manufacturing Co 70 Sporting (ioods— Wholesale and Retail. Bull. .M. W.,& Co 61 Stables — Boarding and Livery. Robinson, E. C 75 Steam Boilers — Manufacturers. Hawkins (R. F.) Iron Works 45 Steam Engine Manufacturers. Kiissell ^t 1 )ay 52 Steaiii and < las Fitters' Materials— Dealers. Phillips Manufacturing Co 40 TAILORS AND DYERS. ' Broadhurst, Tliomas, & Son 86 Tailors — .Merchant. Mack, D.J 67 I\Iit>clikc, .August 62 (Jiiilty Brothers 60 WALL PAPER DEALERS. Adams, (The) W. F., Co 48 Window Shades, etc. — Dealers. Adams, (The) W. F., Co 48 Wines and Liquors — Wholesale. Porter (The H.) Co 56 BRIGHTWOOD. R AILROAD CARS— Manufacturers. Wason Manufacturing Co Railroad Car Axles — Manufacturers. Talcott, N. W., Axle Works 97 INDIAN ORCHARD. K !•; 1 1 \I )k AN IS— Manuf.nctuiers. Chaimian \'alvi' Manufacturing Co.... \7 .A LVES— Manufacturers. ^ Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co.. PAGE •• 99 rLOURING MILLS. Worthy, Frank L., & Co. WEST SPRINGFIELD. PA){ Machuie Mfg. Co 150 XOOI. M AN I- KACTl" R ERS. * J. Stevens Arms and TckjI Co 149 VAHORIZKR .MANLFACTLRERS ' Sherman "King" (The) Vaporizer Co 4S PALMER. DL'II.DERS AND CONTRACTORS. ^ I'lynt Hiiilding and Construction Co 155 pARl'ET MANUFACTURERS. ^-^ Palmer Carpet Co 155 Massasoit Worsted Co 153 LjOTEL. ** Nassowanno House 155 U/IRE MANUFACTURERS. '• Palmer Wire Manufacturing Co 156 WOOLEN DRESS GOODS MFRS. Holden & Fuller ,-,'. MONSON. ;RANITE QUARRIES-Wholesale and Retail Dealers. ' Flynt, W. N., Granite Co HAMPSHIRE COUNTY. NORTHAMPTON. I'M.B DANKS— N.ilional. '-^ First National 177 Hampshire County National 175 Northanipton National 179 Hank — SavMigs. Hampshire (The) Savings Bank 175 Basket Manufacturers. Williams Manufacturing Co iSi poNTRACTOR AND BUILDER. ^-^ Hebert, Joseph iSo Cutlery Manufacturers. Northampton Cutlery Co 186 E.MERV WHEEL MANUFACTURERS. Crystal (The) Emery Wheel Co 180 Northampton Emery Wheel Co 184, 185 CI RE-ARMS MANUFACTURERS. ^ Whitney Safety Fire-arms Co 183 LIOTEL. ^ ' Mansion House I UMBER— Wholesale and Retail. ^ Hebert, Joseph MAC H IN FRY MANUFACTUR FRS. Couch Machine Works Machinist. Herrick, W.. Millers and CJrain Dealers. Graves, M. L. & M. W DA PER M A N U F ACTUR ERS. ' Morley Paper Co CILK MANUFACTURERS. "^ Belding Brothers Stable — Livery. Draper, J. L yACK M A N U FACTU R ERS. ' Florence (The) Tack Ci I'AGE ■ 181 180 . 182 178 179 1 78 .S3 BUITOXS— COVERED— Manufacturers. Wiliiston S: Knight Co CLASTIC FABRICS— Manufacturers. '-' Glendale Elastic Fabrics Co UOPEL. ' ^ Mansion House EASTHAMPTON HAt.E 190 .89 I OOM, SUSPENDER, AND TRUSS WEBS '— — Manufacturer. Colton, C.eorge S 191 OWEK— .Mtis. '9'. >9^ piMPS-.STEAM AND P( ' Valley Pump Co TH iiptc pUBP.ER THREAD MANUFACTURERS. '^ F.aslhanipton Rubber Thread Co 192, 193 HUNTINGTON. APKR MANUFACTURERS. PAc.r i^ai>er Co 1 S 7 DAPKR MA> ^ C^ hester Pai Wll I I.AMSBURGH. n.Ol'k, MKAL, FEED, AND C.k.MN. PAt.i Hill, II. (; ; iSs HAYDENVILLE. BR.\SS AND IKON C.OODS— Manuf.icturers. Ilaydenville iThe) Maiiuf.iclvning Ct MACHINI.vrs' AND PLUM I'.ER.'- ''• — Manufacturers. Haydenville (The) Manufacturing Co. rA(.i-: TOOLS 188 OOTEL. ^ *■ Amherst House 194 AMHERST. I'ACE I TOOL CHESTS, ETC.— Manufacturer. ^ DicUinsoii, L. K 267 PAGE ■• 194 WARE. 0PA(;E I PACE PERA FLANNELS— Manufacturers. \\/ATER POWER. Stevens, Charles A., & Co igS | '"^ Ware River Manufacturing Co 195 FRANKLIN COUNTY. GREENFIELD. PAGE BABV CARRL4GE WOODWORK-Mfr. Field, Charles R 200 Bank — Savings. Greenfield Savings Bank 200 (CHILDREN'S CARRL^GE HARDWARE, ^^^ ETC. — Manufacturers. B. B. Noyes & Co 199 UOTEL. *^ American House 201 AND PLUMBERS' MA- CHINERY- Manufacturers. Wiley & Russell Manufacturing Co 198 DOCKET AND BILL BOOK MFR. * Weissbrod, Emil 201 CTAELE— Livery. 'J Wright, George H 197 \\/ALLET AND MUSIC ROLL MFR. '• Weissbrod, Emil 201 TURNER'S FALLS. DANK— National. ^ Crocker National 203 Bank — Savings. Crocker Institute for Savings 205 OTEL. Farren House 205 H DAPER MANUFACTURERS. ^ Turner's Falls Paper Co Paper Pulp Manufacturers. New England Fiber Co PAGE , . 203 . . 204 SHELBURNE FALLS. pUTLERY MANUFACTURERS. ^-^ Lamson & Goodnow Manufacturing Co.. 206, 207 \X/ATER WHEELS— Manufacturer. '* Shepardson, H. S 207 ERVING. PACKING BOX MANUFACTURERS. * Allen & Brooks 208 Piano Case Manufacturer. .Stone, Charles S 209 Piano Dealer. Stone, Charles S 209 I UMBER DEALER. ^ Rankin, Noah PAGE . . 2og \YOOD SEAT CHAIR MFR. Rankin, Noah 209 BERKSHIRE COUNTY. PITTSFIELD. DANKS-National. '-' Agricultural National 226 Pittstield National 224 Third National 234 Bleacher and Plate Iron Mfr. Russell, H. S 22S Boiler and Tank Maker. Russell, H. S 22S Boot and Shoe Specialties— Mfrs. Robbins, Kellogg & Co 231 Brewers & Maltsters. Berkshire Brewery, Gimlich & White 22C> PASSIMERES AND HOSIERY YARNS ^^ —Mfrs. Bel Air Mfg. Co 233 pXOORS, SASH, BLINDS, ETC.— Dealer. *-^ Butler, James H 225 Druggist. Whelden, Charles M 232 pLECTRIC LIGHTING. *-' Pitlstleld Illuminating Co 225 Electric Power. Pittsfield Illuminating Co 225 PLANNELS, BEAVERS. AND SLEEPING * CAR 15LANKETS— Mfrs. Pontoosuc Woolen Manufacturing Co 231 Flour, Rye Flour, Feed, etc., Mfr. Wahconah Flouring Mills, R. A. Teeling 232 Furniture — Mfrs. and l)ealers. Ho|)kins, G. N 224 Wellington, H. B 227 GRAIN DEALER. Teeling, R. A 232 I'AGE LJOTELS. ^* American House 221 INSURANCE— Kirc. ' Berkshire Mutual Kirc I iisuraiiLe Co 233 Insurance — Kire, Life, and Accident — Agents. Wilson & Read 22S Insurance — Life. IJerkshire ( I'lic) Life Insurance Co 222 I UMHKR DKAI.LR. '-• Hutler, James H 225 CHOK MANUFACTURKRS. "^ Cheshire ijlioe Mfg. Co 234 PAGB Silk Thread, Silk and Mohair Braid Mfrs. Rice, A. H.,& Co 229 Stables — Livery. American House Stables 227 UNDKRTAKER. Hopkins, G. N 224 WUOLKN, COTTON, AND MERINO YARN MIRS. Pittsfield Manufacturing Co 229 Woolen and Fancy Cassimeres — Mfrs. Taconic Mills 227 DALTON. I'AGB : PACE DAPEK MANUFACTURERS. Weston, Byron 238,239 ^ *-"™'?, *>"",• v; ^" CHOE MANUFACTURKRS Crane, Z.& W.M 237 O Dalton Shoe Co 239 Old Berkshire Mill Co 237 | '^ NORTH ADAMS. B FACE A N K — National. Adams National 243 O'lTON PRINTS— Mfrs. Arnold (The) Print Works 245 \RPKrs, ETC.— Dealer. 245 DRAPERIES, CARPI Valentine, J. W HOTELS. Mansion House 243 Wilson (The) 244 PAGE INTERIOR DECORATOR. • Valentine, J. W 245 Iron Founders and Machinists. H unter, James, & Son 244 CHOE MANUFACTURER. <5 Millard, N. L 245 - PAPER— Dealer. entine, J. W 245 \WALL PAPER— Dealer BLACKINTON. CASSIMERES AND WORSTEDS— Mfrs. Blackinton, S., Woolen Co PAGE 246, 247 GREYLOCK. IINGHAMS AND DRESS GOODS-Mfrs. Grevlock Mills. PAGE 247. 248 ADAMS. BANK— National. First National COITON WARPS— Mfrs Pluiiketl, PAGE W. C, & Sons 24.) pAPER MANUFACTURERS. Brown, L. L., Paper Co. PAGE 250, 251, 252 ZYLONITE. H OTEL. 'A'lK Zvlonite Hotel 255 VLONITE MANUFACTURERS. American Zvlonite Co 253,254 Zylonite Goods— Mfrs. United (The) Zylonite Co. PAGE .. 254 piNE CASSIMERES— Mfrs, Phillips Woolen Mill. MAPLE GROVE. LEE. I'AtiE WHITE MARBLE QUARRIES. Gross Brothers 25C., 257 HOTEL. Morgan House 25S pOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. McLaughlin, John . Tanner, E. P EAST LEE. 259 2.S9 DAPER MANUFACTURERS. PAGE Baird(The)P. C, P.iper Mills 258 Benton Brothers 259 May, E. & S., Paper Co 258 INDKX. 269 SOUTH LEE. R MANUFACTURERS. rAdi; rlbut Paper Mfg. Co 260 HOUSATONIC. j\/lFRS. COTTON WARPS, WHITE QUILTS, AND COUNTERPANES. page *'» Monument Mills 261 CHESTER — Hampden County. PAGE pORUNDUM WHEEL MFRS. ^-^ Hampden Corundum Wheel Co 262 PAGE HTANNERS. ^ Hapgood, George D., & Son 262 THE ELSTNER PUBLISHING CO., PUBLISHERS OF The Industries of San Francisco. The Industries of New Orleans, Louisiana. The Industries of St. Louis, Missouri. The Industries of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Industries of Louisville, Kentucky. The Industries of Buffalo, New York. The Industries of Cleveland, Ohio. The Industries of Rochester, New York. The Industries of Albany, Cohoes, and Vicinity, N. Y. Inland Massachusetts Illustrated. IN PREPARATION, INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED, CENTRAL EDITION. " DR. W. h7 BEACH, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON CHIROPODIST, Office No. 4 Railroad St., West Springfield, Mass. Twenty-five years' constant and successful jiractice. Professional calls promptly responded to, in city or country, and the best care given. Radical and permanent cures guaranteed of all Diseases of tlie Feet and certain forms of Neuralgia. ADDRESS P. 0. BOX 554, SPRINGFIELD, MASS. The New Era Corn and Bunion Salve Nos. i, 2, and t, sent post-paid on receipt of price, ts cents, and full directions given by which sufferers at a distance may treat themselves as safely and successfully as though under the Doctor's personal care. Druggists charge fifty cents for the same size boxes of salve. 27© INLAND MASSACHUSKT IS I l.I.USTR ATED. iliNTirfGr COMfeVNY ■Jij±.:r7^.~ INLAND MASSACHUSETTS ILLUSTRATED. 271 CONNECTIGUT RIVER RAILROAD LINE. The most popular All-rail line from New York to White Mountains, Newport, Vt.; Mount Mansfield, Vt.; Burlington, Vt.; St. Albans, Vt.; The Adirondacks, Montreal, Quebec, Lake St. John, P. Q., etc, through the beautiful Connecticut Valley. Through coaches between Springfield, Mass., St. Albans and Newport, Vt., and through sleeping cars to Montreal and Quebec, daily except Sunday. The only New York and White Mountain Express, with Drawing-Room cars and coaches. Runs solid to and from Fabyan's, N. H., beginning about July 1st, and is discontinued about October 1st, giving a daylight ride through the most beautiful and picturesque region in New England. MULLIGAN, Superintendent. E. C. WATSON, Gen'l Ticket Ag't. CONNECTICUT RIVER RAILROAD, SPRINGFIELD. MASS. THE VITRIFIED WHEEL CO. MAN'l'FACTl'RERS OK Porous Vitrified Emery .^^ Coryndum Wheels FOR ALL GRINDING PURPOSES. Dealers in Emery Wheel Alacliiiiery, ICnicry. Corundum, Emery Cloth, Sand Paper, Diamond Tools, Rub- bing Stones, Polishers' Supplies, Etc. VITRIFIED WHEEL CO. WESTFIELD, MASS. DRINK "THEA-NECTAR," A Pure Chinese Tea, USE A. & P. BAKING POWDER. Absolutely Pure. THE GREAT ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC TEA COMPANY 500 Main St., Springfield. Foot's Block. PRATT'S CIGAR STORE, 371 Main St., Springfield, The best line of Imported, Key West, and Domestic Cigars always in stock. BOX TRADE A SPECIALTY. Sole Agent for the celebrated IMPORTED STOCK CIGARS, the best five-cent cigar ever offered to the trade. SMOKERS' GOODS GENERALLY. O. w. PRATT, Proprietor. 272 INLAND MASSACHUsEl IS ILl-LM K A 1 l-.Li. LE Je '07 DEC 18 1901 R. r. HAWKINS' A\A.5>SACMU.5ETr,5 CENTRAL RAILROAD DRIDQE, NORTHAMPTON, j^Va^. Erected by R. r. Hawkin-s-" Iron Work>5. IRON ANB W00DEN BRIBGES AND TdRN TABliES, STEAM B0I12ERS. IRON CASriNGS, BBIiTS, ETC. R. F. MAWKIN.5, Proprictok. C. H. MULLIQAN, 5aPEriNTcNDcr E. B. JCNNINQ-S, Enqinker. SPRINGFIEI2B, MASS. |5ilMradlel(?. ^ Jiih2|Pdphei3. ^prin|field.Ma§^ i irTTT#f iTTTTTTlll iiiiilliiiliiiiiiiiililli Manufacturers of §ehooI Aids >)^ A N D <(« Home Amusements Catalogi.e onapplieatior\. c.