.* .'^Jfe*-. \_/ ..^.. *,^^^* ..J^-, -v^/ 4* 'il."- '^-<. ^"'^'^^. V L-lOft . ^^ .'^y.^k:^%. .^'^^•A•i^/'^.. ..^\^i«^*-V y.:^-i:./>.. .v\,^;^. ^-.,<^ * ^' -""v\ c°\'^^^^°o y..^:',\ c°^:^^'> ./V^^^-^ c bV"' • ^^ '^^d* .-lo*. 'bV" '^-0^ "° AT *^«i^' ^ ■* »*k*J'' *ii*«^^' "^ ■4'''' 1.1* c> 'bV '^0^ ^ J. ' # • • ■^AX« C^^y .. "°^^^*/ \^^^\/ V^^-/ \/^^\/ ' ■» o <»i, *.-*• o «,'^=^ii;v- '-^^ -•^ A'=U. v/^V r » ' • »- K j^^Depar^ r MAY 17 1902 Digitized by the Internet Arcinive in 2010 witii funding from Tine Library of Congress littp://www.archive.org/details/ceremoniesattendOOsoci ■ z u 2 Z o z o f- o z I m < < w u 2 O K Ci. Q W CEREMONIES ATTENDING THE UNVEILING OF THE Washington Monument ERECTED IN FAIRMOUNT PARK AND PRESENTED TO THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA State Society of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania Saturday, May 15th, 1897. Fi ss PRESS OF ALLEN, LANE & SCOTT, PHILADELPHIA. V5^ ^^^ INTRODUCTORY. INTRODUCTORY. The history of the monument to General Washington, erected by the State Society of the Cincinnati of Penn- sylvania, in Fairmount Park, and presented to the city of Philadelphia on May 15th, 1897, is a story fraught with much interest. In this place, however, merely an allusion may be made to it. The speakers who took part in the unveiling and the incidents connected therewith, and whose remarks follow, covered the subject generally. As prefatory, it is only of moment to give a brief descrip- tion of the monument. In 1877 designs were asked for and several were submitted; that of Prof. Rudolph Siemer- ing, of Berlin, was selected. During the progress of his work the artist changed some of the details shown in the original design. As it now stands, a description may be summarized as follows: — From an oblong platform, six feet six inches high, of Swedish granite, reached on four sides by thirteen steps, symbolical of the thirteen original States, rises a pedestal bearing an equestrian statue in bronze of General Wash- ington. The Father of his Country is represented in the colonial uniform of the American Army, a large military cloak being thrown artistically around his commanding figure. The horse is in the act of moving, having one front foot raised. Washington holds in his right hand the reins; in his left a spy glass. At the four corners of the platform are fountains, served by allegorical figures representing four rivers, the Delaware, Hudson, Potomac, and Mississippi. On the sides, each of these fountains is guarded by typical American animals, eight in all. At the front and back of the pedestal are two allegorical groups. That at the front represents America, seated, and holding in one hand a cornucopia, in the other a trident, and having at her feet chains just cast off. She 6 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. is in the act of receiving from her victorious sons the trophies of their conquest. Below this group is an eagle supporting the arms of the United States. The group at the back represents America arousing her sons to a sense of their slavery. Below are the arms of Pennsyl- vania. On the sides of the pedestal are two bas-reliefs, one representing the march of the American Army, the other an allegory typifying the Western movement of the American people. Surrounding the upper portion of the pedestal is the legend, "Erected by the State Society of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania." The figures, the bas- reliefs, as well as the numerous other ornamentations, are of bronze, while the pedestal, &c., are of the same granite as the platform. The entire height of the monument is about forty-four feet. The ground plan of the platform is sixty-one by seventy-four feet, and that of the pedestal seventeen by thirty feet. On the bas-reliefs are figures representing the following Revolutionary characters, indicated by their names cut in the bronze: — Lincoln, Irvine, Jay, Dickinson, Muhlenberg, Jefferson, Franklin, Hamilton, Clinton, Dale, Knox, Sterling, Moul- trie, Putnam, Wayne, Steuben, Richard Butler, Lafayette, St. Clair, Greene, Schuyler, Kosciusko, and Morgan. Other names carved on the bas-reliefs are those of: — Sullivan, Kirkwood, Cadwalader, Haslet, Mercer, Mif- flin, Varnum, Pinckney, Hazen, Barry, Smallwood, DeKalb, Warren, Nash, Rochambeau, Montgomery, Biddle, and Paul Jones. CEREMONIES UNVEILING OF THE MONUMENT. W D O M U I H O K h. a u CEREMONIES. The unveiling of the monument was attended by ceremonies of an impressive and patriotic character. The monument was unveiled by His Excellency Will- iam McKinley, the President of the United States, in the presence of Hon. Garret A. Hobart, the Vice- President of the United States, M. Jules Patenotre, the Ambassador of the French Republic, Hon. Lyman J. Gage, the Secretary of the Treasury, General Rus- sell A. Alger, the Secretary of War, Hon. James Wilson, the Secretary of Agriculture, Hon. Cornelius N. Bliss, the Secretary of the Interior, Hon. James A. Gary, the Postmaster-General, and Hon. Joseph McKenna, the Attorney-General of the United States, John Addison Porter, Esq., the Secretary to the Presi- dent, leading officers of the Army and Navy of the United States, Hon. Ebe W. Tunnell, Hon. Daniel H. Hastings, and Hon. John W. Griggs, the Gov- ernors of Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey respectively, the General Assembly of Pennsylvania, Hon. William L. Strong, the Mayor of New York, Hon. Charles F. Warwick, the Mayor of Philadelphia, members of the Fairmount Park Commission and City Councils of Philadelphia, and other prominent State and City officials. Many thousands of citizens were interested spectators of the event. The ceremonies began shortly after two o'clock in the afternoon, upon the arrival of the President, whose escort, the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry, headed a grand military and naval procession, which passed the President in review after the unveiling of the monument. (9) lO UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. Major William Wayne, President of the State So- ciety of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania and President- General of The Society of the Cincinnati, presided at the ceremonies at the stand of the Society directly opposite the monument. PRAYER. Right Reverend O. W. Whitaker, the Bishop of Pennsylvania, invoked Divine blessings as follows : — Almighty and Everlasting God, Who rulest over all things from the beginning, in Whom alone we live and move and have our being, and from Whom cometh every good and perfect gift, we thank Thee for this land in which we live, for the nation in which Thou hast granted us the privilege of citizenship, for all the favor- able conditions of our lives, for the increase of knowl- edge, for the better understanding of Thy marvelous works, for the manifestations of Thy goodness and pow- er, of which the world is full. We thank Thee for the government under which we live and for the civil and religious institutions in whose benefits we share. Especially on this day do we thank Thee for the life and character and work of Thy servant, George Wash- ington, in whose honor and for the perpetuation of whose memory we are here assembled. We thank Thee that Thou didst raise him up to be a leader and commander in the time when men's hearts were failing them for fear, and didst qualify him by faith and integrity and wisdom and singleness of purpose to conduct this peo- ple out of dissension and strife and conflict into unity and peace and the consciousness of increasing strength. Grant, we beseech Thee, O Lord, that we may never forget the heroism and unselfish devotion which he con- tinually illustrated in his public and private life. May the citizens of these United States learn to practice his virtues and to be animated by his spirit. May they learn from him never to sacrifice truth for gain, nor to value UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. II outward success more highly than inward principle. In the sense of growing national greatness may they never lose the sense of personal responsibility to Thee nor of mutual obligation to each other. May they ever re- member that Thou hast made of one blood all nations of men to dwell on the face of the earth, and that no individual nor nation should be indifferent to the wel- fare of any other. We pray for Thy continued blessing upon our coun- try, upon the President of the United States, the Gov- ernor of this State, and all others in authority, that they may above all things seek Thy honor and glory and strive to do Thy will; upon the Army and the Navy; upon the Senate and House of Representatives, and all legislative bodies, that all their legislation may be in harmony with Thy laws; upon all our institutions for the advancement of learning and for promoting the well- being of mankind; that all things may be so ordered and settled upon the best and surest foundations, that quietness and happiness, truth and justice, religion and piety may be established among us for all generations. And wilt Thou grant, O Lord, to all nations the blessings of peace. Hasten the coming of the time when cruelty and oppression shall cease throughout the world, when nation shall not lift up sword against nation, and they shall learn war no more. And now, O Lord, wilt Thou direct us in all our doings with Thy most gracious favor, and further us with Thy continual help; that in all our works begun, continued, and ended in Thee we may glorify Thy Holy name, and finally, by Thy mercy, obtain everlasting life, through Jesus Christ, our Lord, who has taught us when we pray to say: Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name. Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who tres- pass against us; and lead us not into temptation, but de- liver us from evil, for Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever and ever. Amen! 12 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE SOCIETY. At the conclusion of the prayer Major Wayne made the following remarks : — Fellow-Citizens : — The death of Washington was not more keenly felt or more deeply mourned by any body of citizens than by his late compatriots in arms, the mem- bers of the Society of the Cincinnati, who had followed him on the field with varying fortunes, through the eight years' struggle for American independence. This Society, composed of officers of the Army of the Revolution, was organized in 1783, at their cantonment on the Hudson River, just prior to its dissolution. Its purpose was "to perpetuate as well the remembrance of this vast event (the separation of the colonies of North America from the domination of Great Britain) as the mutual friendships which have been formed under the pressure of common danger, and in many instances ce- mented by the blood of the parties." One of the principles of the Society was: — "An incessant attention to preserve inviolate those exalted rights and liberties of human nature for which they have fought and bled, and without which the high rank of a rational being is a curse instead of a blessing. "An unalterable determination to promote and cherish between the respective States that union and national honor so essentially necessary to their happiness and the future dignity of the American Empire." Washington was chosen its first President and con- tinued to hold the ofifice up to the time of his death in 1799. For convenience the general Society was divided into thirteen societies — one in each of the States. At a meeting of the State Society of Pennsylvania, on July 4th, 1810, it was resolved that "a permanent me- morial of their respect for the memory of the late Father Washington Monument viewed from the east. UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 1 3 of his Country, General George Washington, should be established bv the creation of a monument in the city of Philadelphia." In furtherance of this design a committee of five mem- bers vi^as appointed to invite subscriptions of money from the friends of the Society. On July 4th, 1819, the committee reported the receipt of $337f>-59- By careful management of this fund, together with the addition to it of another fund collected for the same purpose, the Society felt warranted in the year 1877 in inviting designs for the monument. This invitation was widely published throughout this country and abroad. A large number of models were submitted to the So- ciety, each one of much merit, but in the opinion of those competent to judge the design of Professor Ru- dolph Siemering, of Berlin, was most deserving of rec- ommendation, and it was adopted by the Society; and you have presented to you the fulfillment of the Society's resolution of July 4th, 18 10. The President, accompanied by Major William Wayne, Richard Dale, Francis M. Caldwell, Charles Peaslee Turner, M. D., and Harris E. Sproat, Trust- ees of the monument on behalf of the State Society of the Cincinnati, and Colonel John Biddle Porter, Chairman, and William Macpherson Hornor, Secre- tary of the Committee of the Society on the unveil- ing, crossed the driveway to the steps of the monu- ment, where the President pulled a cord which released two large American flags with which the monument was draped. Amid cheers the monument was un- veiled, national salutes were fired by Light Battery E, First Artillery, U. S. A., stationed nearby, and by the United States war vessels "Texas" and "Terror," the French aviso " Fulton," and the United States 14 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. Revenue cutter " Hamilton," anchored in the Dela- ware River. ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. Returning to the stand, after being introduced by Major Wayne, President McKinley spoke as follows : — Fellow-Citizens: — There is a peculiar and tender sen- timent connected with this memorial. It expresses not only the gratitude and reverence of the living, but is a testimonial of affection and homage from the dead. The comrades of Washington projected this monument. Their love inspired it. Their contributions helped to build it. Past and present share in its completion, and future generations will profit by its lessons. To participate in the dedication of such a monument is a rare and precious privilege. Every monument to Wash- ington is a tribute to patriotism. Every shaft and statue to his memory helps to inculcate love of country, en- courage loyalty, and estabhsh a better citizenship. God bless every undertaking which revives patriotism and re- bukes the indifferent and lawless! A critical study of Washington's career only enhances our estimation of his vast and varied abilities. As Commander-in-Chief of the Colonial armies from the beginning of the war to the proclamation of peace, as Pres- ident of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States and as the first President of the United States under that Constitution, Washington has a distinction differing from that of all other illustrious Americans. No other name bears or can bear such a re- lation to the Government. Not only by his military genius — his patience, his sagacity, his courage, and his skill — was our national independence won, but he helped in largest measure to draft the chart by which the Nation UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 15 was giaided; and he was the first chosen of the people to put in motion the new Government. His was not the boldness of martial display or the charm of captivating oratory, but his calm and steady judgment won men's support and commanded their confidence by appeahng to their best and noblest aspirations. And withal Washington was ever so modest that at no time in his career did his personaUty seem in the least intrusive. He was above the temptation of power. He spurned the suggested crown. He would have no honor which the people did not bestow. An interesting fact — and one which I love to recall — is that the only time Washington formally addressed the Constitutional Convention during all its sessions over which he presided in this city, he appealed for a larger rep- resentation of the people in the National House of Repre- sentatives, and his appeal was instantly heeded. Thus w^as he ever keenly watchful of the rights of the people in whose hands was the destiny of our Government then and now. Masterful as were his military campaigns, his civil ad- ministration commands equal admiration. His foresight was marvelous; his conception of the philosophy of gov- ernment, his insistence upon the necessity of education, morality, and enlightened citizenship to the progress and permanence of the Republic cannot be contemplated even at this period without filling us with astonishment at the breadth of his comprehension and the sweep of his vision. His was no narrow view of government. The immedi- ate present was not his sole concern, but our future good his constant theme of study. He blazed the path of lib- erty. He laid the foundation upon which we have grown from weak and scattered Colonial governments to a united Republic, whose domains and power as well as whose liberty and freedom have become the admiration of the world. Distance and time have not detracted from the fame and force of his achievements or diminished the grandeur of his life and work. Great deeds do not stop l6 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. in their growth, and those of Washington will expand in influence in all the centuries to follow. The bequest Washington has made to civilization is rich beyond computation. The obligations under which he has placed mankind are sacred and commanding. The re- sponsibiHty he has left for the American people, to pre- serve and perfect what he accomplished, is exacting and solemn. Let us rejoice in every new evidence that the people realize what they enjoy, and cherish with affection the illustrious heroes of Revolutionary story whose valor and sacrifices made us a nation. They live in us, and their memory will help us keep the covenant entered into for the maintenance of the freest Government of earth. The Nation and the name of Washington are insep- arable. One is linked indissolubly with the other. Both are glorious, both triumphant. Washington lives and will live, because what he did was for the exaltation of man, the enthronement of conscience, and the establish- ment of a Government which recognizes all the governed. And so, too, will the Nation live victorious over all ob- stacles, adhering to the immortal principles which Wash- ington taught and Lincoln sustained. ORATION BY WILLIAM W. PORTER, Esq. William W. Porter, Esq., of the Philadelphia Bar, a member of the State Society of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania, the orator of the day, then delivered the following oration : — The War of the Revolution was over, the victory was won, the army was about to disperse, when, on the tenth day of May, 1783, proposals for establishing a Society, whose members should be officers of the American Army, were communicated to the several regiments of the re- spective lines. Three days later the Society was organized. The motives and purposes were set forth, as follows: — "It having pleased the Supreme Governor of the Uni- verse, in the Disposition of Human Affairs, to cause the UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 1/ Separation of the Colonies of North America from the Domination of Great Britain, and after a bloody Conflict of Eight Years to establish them free and independent sovereign States, connected by Alliances founded on re- ciprocal Advantage with some of the Great Princes and Powers of the Earth. "To perpetuate, therefore, as well the Remembrance of this Vast Event as the mutual Friendships which have been formed under the Pressure of common Danger, and in many Instances cemented by the Blood of the parties, the Officers of the American Army do hereby in the most Solemn Manner associate, constitute and combine them- selves into one Society of Friends, to endure as long as they shall endure or any of their Eldest Male Posterity, and in failure thereof the Collateral Branches, who may be judged worthy of becoming its Supporters and Members. "The Officers of the American Army, having generally been taken from the Citizens of America, possess high Veneration for the Character of that illustrious Roman, Lucius Quintius Cincinnatus, and being resolved to fol- low his Example by returning to their Citizenship, they think they may with Propriety denominate themselves The Society of the Cincinnati. "The following Principles shall be immutable, and form the Basis of The Society of the Cincinnati. "An Incessant Attention to preserve inviolate those exalted Rights and Liberties of Human Nature for which they have fought and bled, and without which the high Rank of a Rational Being is a Curse Instead of a Blessing. "An unalterable Determination to promote and cherish between the respective States that Union and national Honour so essentially necessary to their happiness, and the future Dignity of the American Empire. "To render permanent the cordial Affection subsisting among the officers; this Spirit will dictate Brotherly Kind- ness in all things, and particularly extend to the most sub- stantial Acts of Beneficence, according to the Ability of the Society, towards those Officers and their families who unfortunately may be under the Necessity of receiving it." 1 8 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. This statement indicates to our generation tiie high and useful purposes for which this venerable Society was organized. We are amused now at the serious and strenuous ob- jections which were raised to it at the time of its organi- zation. FrankHn opposed it in a half-serious letter, but Samuel Adams believed it a serious menace to the safety of the new-born nation. He saw in it an hereditary mili- tary nobility, and, while the ofificers themselves might act discreetly, he feared that their descendants might, "when they perceived that the multitude had grown dizzy with long gazing, go much further and take to themselves much more than the pageantry of nobility." John Adams was also seriously opposed to the Society, and earnest efforts were made to have it legally suppressed. Member- ship, in some of the States, meant loss of the rights of citizenship. Happily these fears and prophecies have not been realized. On the fourth day of October, 1783, the State Society of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania was organized at a meet- ing held at the City Tavern in Philadelphia. On the fourth of July, 1810, the members assembled in the State House in Philadelphia and unanimously adop- ted the following preamble and resolution: — "To establish a permanent memorial of their respect for the memory of the late father cf his country. General George Washington, by the erection of a monument in the city of Philadelphia, has long been the wish of those who are desirous of perpetuating the recollection of his virtues. "Anxious to promote the execution of a work which shall at once do justice to the subject and confer credit upon the State which erected it, "This Society resolves, That a Committee be appointed to prepare a plan for raising, by subscription, such sums of money as they shall deem sufficient for the purpose of erecting a monument to the memory of General Wash- ington. That the plan, when prepared, shall be submitted UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 1 9 to the Standing Committee, and, when approved by them, be carried into effect." The Committee, then appointed, and their successors, procured subscriptions for the purpose. The fund, being meagre, was carefully invested and allowed to accumu- late until it was deemed sufficient to warrant proceeding with the preparation of the memorial. In this connection it is right to record that a fund was started by certain public-spirited citizens of Philadelphia on the first day of October, 1824, for a similar purpose. This, proving too small for the erection of a worthy mon- ument, was subsequently, by an order of court, turned over to the custody of the Society. It was merged with the fund of the Cincinnati, and has aided in making pos- sible the admirable memorial to-day unveiled. What shall be said of this Washington to whose mem- ory we do honor? Certainly no new thing. All has been well and often said. This sketch purports to be a study, not a portrait. It assumes to challenge recollec- tion, not to be a new likeness. It is intended to suggest, not to depict. With this thought in mind we may regard Washington in his triune character. A statesman — omniscient, pure, whose mind conceived and whose deeds created a free, popular government. A soldier — self-sacrificing, fearless, whose sufferings and courage saved the cause of freedom from defeat. A man — silent, potent, whose spirit brooded over the new-born nation and influenced its development and character. The sources of information respecting Washington, the statesman, are ample and reliable. Demonstration of his greatness were easy. He was the responsible head of an experiment in gov- ernment. No precedent gave him guidance. His pur- poses were deep laid; his foresight marvelous. Naught that has since been a good or a peril to the national Hfe escaped his consideration and prophecy. Knowing his hold upon the people, he used it to induce obedience to 20 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. legislative and executive authority. To the dignity of a nation's chief he added the conduct of a republican citi- zen. His state papers display strength of purpose, clear- ness of meaning, and simplicity of diction. The earliest years of the nation's life were beset with many disorders. Unremitting watchfulness and care were then peculiarly needed. These were so given that its maturer years of strength and happiness were assured. Proofs of these statements taken from dusty records can have no proper place on such an occasion as this. It may, however, be safely asserted that no mind has ap- peared before or since that has grasped the principles and possibilities of the Republic with more clearness than that of the first President. The monument unveiled to-day is, however, reared not to Washington, the statesman, but rather to Wash- ington, the soldier, by an organization formed by his com- panions in arms. It would, therefore, seem fitting that to Washington, the soldier, our thoughts should be more at length addressed. A youth was sent out to begin his military career in an humble attack on the Indians in Virginia. He was defeated. The fighting fire was kindled, never to be wholly extinguished. Often it burst forth in the serious campaigns in which he afterwards commanded. To im- petuosity was added, however, a wise caution, without which the scanty and half-equipped armies of the Colonies might have many times been inefifectually hurled against the superior forces of English soldiery. No justice can be done by a civilian in attempted criti- cism of his several campaigns. Men of arms of highest rank and ability have discoursed upon them. All seem to have found in the man that highest power — self-re- straint. Impelled by the strength of an ardent personal courage — tempted often, by impulse and persuasion, to a hazard — he conducted his movements on defensive Hues. He never forgot in the heat of irritation the weakness of hib following. Possessed of peculiar energy, he schooled himself to patience. Animated with intense loyalty, he Washington Monument viewed from the south. UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 21 forebore to quarrel with the half-hearted. Followed by an army constantly changing in its constituency, he ever maintained its integrity and discipline. Soldiery, drawn from distinct colonies, he held in accord. Of men un- used to discipline and restraint, he made soldiers. Of these, some by precept and example, he made heroes; some midst starvation and suffering, he made martyrs. His staff, little schooled in war, he made personal adher- ents and skilled leaders. Between native officers and for- eign volunteers he allayed natural but violent jealousies. Men seem to have been bound to him by an indissoluble bond of admiration for his virtues and of respect for his strength. He was filled with patriotism for a nation which had not yet a being. He fought with no national support, moral or financial. An aristocrat, with every- thing to lose, he was ready to hazard all for human liberty and equality. He led to battle without the feudal ligament of chief- tainship, and without the power to reward in spoils. He fought wholly without the desire for personal power. As a victor he rejected kingship and sought retirement. If this estimate of his motives and conduct be just, no other name in any time can be found entitled to equal veneration and honor. He was only possible under a Christian civilization of which he was the product. He exemplified an unique patriotism. He evinced an unparalleled devotion to duty. He possessed and exer- cised a personal influence more dominating as a moral factor than any man of any time. Egypt's brilliant conquests, succeeded by deepest deg- radation, depended on her kings. The mighty Pharaohs ruled a nation of serfs and led to battle a horde of mer- cenaries. Chaldea, Assyria, Babylonia furnished great oriental conquerors who built up empires in Asia, which successively crumbled to decay. Their wars were for ac- quisition of territory. Then rose the great Persian Empire, that sought the enslavement of Greece. This half century of war gave to the world a Miltiades, a Leonidas, a Themistocles. 22 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. Athens erected at Marathon a monument to victory. But Aliltiades, the hero, fell into disgrace and smirched a fame otherwise the most replendent in Grecian story. Leon- idas died at Thermopylss in obedience to Spartan law, which made retreat impossible. Themistocles, the hero of Salamis, clever and brave, was unscrupulous, and died exiled from Athens, a pensioner at the court of the Per- sian king. Alexander the Great, descendant of the Hellenic race, was swayed by personal ambition alone. His military genius created an empire extending from Greece to In- dia. A few years, and with his death ended the empire. Neither Macedonia nor Egypt, with able commanders, statesmen, and scholars, can furnish a name that does not pale before that of Washington. They, ruthless in war, despotic in peace, aimed at territorial aggrandizement and absolute personal power. He, in war and in peace, sought only the establishment and welfare of a free people. Many names are recorded in the catalogue of Rome's heroes in the epoch-making period of her history. All are dimmed by Cjesar's triumphs. Great as a general, lord of the Roman world, he wore no crown, yet pos- sessed absolute power. His military genius, his profound political sagacity, his wise reforms and vast projects, make his name luminous. But no love of country nor devotion to principle inspired him. His genius, courage, wisdom, and statecraft served but a personal ambition — the dominating motive of all the great leaders of the ancient world. With what hero of feudal times can Washington be compared? The soldier and the saint of the Crusades, Richard, "the Hon-hearted" of England, and Louis IX. of France are still heroes of romance; Wallace and Bruce are still household names in Scotland; the Black Prince's crest and motto are still borne by England's Crown Prince; Florence and Venice remember with pride their de ]\Iedicis and their Doges. They, one and all, differ from Washington in that he was a man peculiar in a pa- UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 23 triotism for a nation that, as yet, was not! — a leader of men struggling for a principle rather than a country; for the right rather than for power; for liberty rather than for territory. The Renaissance of Southern Europe became the Ref- ormation in the sterner North. The great religious wars of the seventeenth century were fought out by the forefathers of the American colonists. Their sons, wearied with persecution, sought in America an asylum. The seed of the martyrs yielded harvest in men to whom a principle, religious or political, was a vital thing. Loyal colonists of the mother country, they felt the reactionary effects of the great Continental wars of the later seven- teenth and early eighteenth centuries. Richelieu's policy of absolutism and aggrandizement, as means of advancement to France, had been carried out by his successors; Louis XIV's great wars, tend- ing to destroy the balance of power in Europe, had raised up in opposition such heroes as the Prince of Orange in Holland and Marlborough in England, to be followed in turn by Frederick the Great of Prussia, whose indomitable courage and inflexible perseverance raised Prussia to be ranked with the great powers of Europe and laid the basis of German unity. But Frederick never emulated in virtue and patriotism the hero of Mon- mouth and Yorktown. Life and treasure were freely ex- pended. He crushed his enemies, maintained his power, but sullied his fame by his share in the partition of Poland. His aims and motives were selfish. His character was without the firmness of moral principle which made Washington not only the first soldier, but the loftiest character of his country. In the light of time passed since the death of Wash- ington, two characters gleam out challenging comparison with his. When Washington died Napoleon was entering upon his masterful career. As a soldier of the highest genius, he was worshiped by the French people, holding their hearts in his hand. Rising from the lower ranks he 24 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. became an emperor with unlimited powers. He gave to the French, fame as soldiers and added to the French territory. He was like Washington in his success and his popularity, unlike him in all else. Ambition, personal fame, the motive in the one; lofty principle, self-renun- ciation in the other. Death in exile for the one; death while held in highest honor for the other. A hero is recorded in living memories, and in American history written and being written. When the nation created by Washington was in danger of disruption and civil war was upon the United States, a great soldier was needed. The occasion called forth the man. A cam- paign totally different from those of the Revolution was impending. With a strongly organized nation behind him a man was found who knew not how to temporize, re- treat, or delay — a silent man who, with blows of a smith, drove the enemy before him until the strife was over. Grant was the military genius of his age and the saviour of the nation that recently at his newly made tomb mourned him dead as they loved and honored him living. It must not, however, be forgotten that Grant had, to support him, an organized and powerful nation and — a Lincoln, while Washington had neither. We have yet to speak of Washington, the man. When years have passed and the world has agreed that a man is great, the verdict must be accepted. Deeds done under the eyes of men for their benefit may create a transitory enthusiasm. The same deeds, subjected to the discriminating investigation of the historian or of the student, may be found to be unworthy of eulogy. Wash- ington, both contemporaries and succeeding generations, have weighed. In no respect have they found him want- ing in all the elements of greatness. He had enemies who attacked him. He lived amidst controversies the most bitter. His life has been scrutinized in minutest detail. Naught has, however, been found to throw doubt upon the loftiness of his personal character. His own country has not been alone in lauding his virtues. Eng- land, his vanquished foe and the unsparing critic of Washington Monument viewed from the west. UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 2C, America and Americans, has joined in the paean of praise. At his death the flags of her fleet were lowered in re- spect, and France, his quondam ally, joined in the outer evidences of grief and gave expression in pubHc cere- monies to her appreciation of his virtues. And to-day, almost a century after, France, now a sister RepubUc, joins hands with us through her distinguished Ambas- sador in remembering our national hero. He was born an untitled citizen of an unborn nation; lived the greatest general and statesman in history; died the father of a free people. Well does Emerson's definition of greatness describe him: "I count him a great man who inhabits a higher sphere of thought into which other men rise with labor and difficulty; he has but to open his eyes to see things in a true light and in large relations, whilst they must make painful corrections and keep a vigilant eye on many sources of error. * * * He is great who is what he is from nature and who never reminds us of others." He was in life too able a man not to know his own merit. Modesty was, however, one of his prominent traits. When John Adams proposed his name to Congress as the commander of the American forces in the Revolu- tion, Washington accepted the trust, and added: "I beg it may be remembered by every gentleman in this room that I this day declare with the utmost sincerity that I do not think myself equal to the command I am honored with." What better evidence can be had of the absence of desire for power than the reply Washington gave in 1782 to some of the officers who proposed to confer upon him the title of king. "I am much at loss," said he, "to con- ceive what part of my conduct could have given encour- agement to an address which to me seems big with the greatest mischiefs that could befall my country;" adding, "If I am not deceived in knowledge of myself, you could not have found a person to whom your schemes are more disagreeable." Next to worship of deity comes hero worship in its up- lift. At all times peoples have loved to exalt and emulate 26 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. the virtues of their heroes. In a Republican government, where no Hmit is set to personal achievement, such a monument as that displayed to-day is a national blessing. The man, his character, and his work are brought to the knowledge both of American youth and of foreign-born citizens. This visible evidence of national and lasting respect stimulates study and imitation of the hero's vir- tues. The American of to-day evinces too Httle enthusiasm for Washington. To some he is a myth, an unreal man. Perhaps the very silence of Washington as to himself may be the cause. Well has McMaster said, "General Wash- ington is known to us and President Washington, but George Washington is an unknown man." The enthu- siasm of this occasion indicates that the lack of appre- ciation is more apparent than real. He still holds the aflfection of the people. While they know little of his innermost life, they know enough of his acts to be assured that he was a very man — with a man's violence of tem- per, a man's love of pleasure and of pageantry, a man's dominating will. Doubtless he had faults, but they were few, and the knowledge of them draws us nearer to him than the mere contemplation of his towering virtues. Childless, he died the father of a people who even unto this day delight to do honor to the statesman, the sol- dier, the man — the highest type of American citizenship. PRESENTATION OF THE MONUMENT. Major Wayne then formally presented the monu- ment to the City of Philadelphia, in the following words : — Your Honor, Mayor of Philadelphia: —I am in- structed by the State Society of the Cincinnati of Penn- sylvania to present through you to the City of Phila- delphia this work, at last finished, after ninety years of preparation. UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 2/ This monument certainly finds a fitting place in the city where Washington spent many years of his oflficial life — the city where was convened the first Continental Congress in Carpenters' Hall, and where met in Independ- ence Hall the framers of the immortal Declaration, and where it was promulgated. Where also the Constitution of the United States was formulated in 1787 and adopted — an instrument which has been pronounced among the most perfect of human productions for the government of man. You will accept this gift to preserve in the beautiful Park of your great city as an object lesson to succeeding generations of the reverence and devotion Posterity pays to unselfish Patriotism. ACCEPTANCE BY THE MAYOR. Charles F. Warwick, Esq., Mayor of Philadelphia, in accepting the monument on behalf of the munici- pality, spoke as follows : — My Fellow-Countrymen: — On behalf of the City of Philadelphia I accept this monument dedicated to the memory of Washington, and pledge the honor of our people to its preservation and patriotic care. The Nation is under deep and lasting obligations to the Society of the Cincinnati, for by this generous gift another shrine, where we can all meet on common ground, has been erected within the borders of the Republic. Philadelphia above all other places in the country is where this monument should stand. Historic in asso- ciation, national in her patriotism, and American in all her purposes, she is the guardian by right of such a memorial. Here met the first as well as the second Continental Congress, here was signed the immortal Declaration, here Washington was chosen to take command of the 28 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. Army of the Revolution, here he presided over the de- liberations of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, and here, when the first seat of the National Government was established, as Chief Magistrate he watched over the welfare and directed the course of the new Republic in the early and tentative years of her life. In and about this city centred the great struggle of the Revolution, and every artery in the cause of Inde- pendence quivered with the life blood sent out from her loyal and throbbing heart. The mere mention of the names of Trenton, Prince- ton, Monmouth, Brandywine, Germantown, Valley Forge shows where the battle raged the fiercest and where the conflict was most intense. The monument as a work of art is in every way worthy the character of Washington; his blessed memory is em- balmed in the hearts of his countrymen, and this stone and bronze are but a tribute of their love and gratitude. Simple in meaning, patriotic in sentiment, artistic in its lines, heroic and dignified in its proportions, it silently but impressively speaks the generosity of a grateful peo- ple. The ingratitude of republics has passed into a prov- erb, but surely we are an exception to the rule, for our Nation has never yet failed to recognize and reward those who have faithfully and loyally served her in peril. Our sister city. New York, has but recently honored in a most impressive manner the fame of the great Cap- tain of the Civil War. Though Washington and Grant in many particulars stand in direct contrast and give but little opportunity for comparison, yet they were both distinguished by the same natural simplicity and nobility of character, and possessed those attributes of heart and mind that are so difficult to describe, but when combined make true great- ness. Both impressed with that reserve power which does not show itself in words, but whose subtle force and influence are always felt and at all times inspire confidence. Washington Monument viewed from the north. UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 20 The career of Washington is a most interesting one to study, because it shows a gradual development of char- acter. He had not those brilliant and attractive talents that enable one to leap suddenly into fame, but he was endowed with those qualities of mind and heart that re- quire conditions to develop. His growth though grad- ual was sure. He was a man who could rise to the oc- casion no matter how important the crisis, and he was able to meet with fortitude of soul those emergencies that made the strongest hesitate. He was at all times resolute, and was one who persevered unto the end. Born and reared in the country, he indulged in those out-door exercises that developed and strengthened him physically and enabled him to endure the strain of ex- cessive work and fatigue. He was devoted to field sports and was considered the best horseman of his day. His farm Hfe brought him face to face with Nature, and with such a character she always induces to thoughtful con- templation. The home influences which surrounded him were re- fining, for he was in every sense of the word a gentleman. He was never what might be termed scholarly in his attainments, for his early education had been very meagre. He was not a student, but a man of thought and action. He was a close, keen observer of men, manners, and things. Patrick Henry at one time in referring to him as a member of the Continental Congress said that "if you speak of solid infoiTnation and sound judgment. Colonel Washington is unquestionably the greatest man on that floor." The French and Indian war gave him his first experi- ence in battle, and under the brave, unfortunate, and self- willed Braddock he evinced those qualities of coolness, courage, and bravery under fire that afterwards so spe- cially distinguished him. He was not one who in Europe would have been con- sidered a trained soldier, and yet when the hour of supreme peril came he was the man whose quiet, 30 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. unobtrusive, but strong qualities of mind had exercised so deep an influence upon his countrymen and had inspired such universal confidence that every mind suggested his name and every hope centred in him as the one who should lead the army of Independence. The trust thus reposed was not misplaced, for he subsequently brought the Colonies through tribulation into days of peace and prosperity. We have not the time to trace him step by step through those years of anxiety and conflict. The evacuation of Boston by the British under Howe, followed by the battle of Long Island; the retreat through the Jerseys; the crossing of the Delaware by night in the dead of winter; the sudden attack upon Trenton and the rout of the Hessians, which victory re- vived the drooping courage of the people; the battle ol Brandywine, succeeded by the loss of Philadelphia; the well-planned but disastrous defeat of the Americans at Germantown, and then the long and weary months of suffering at Valley Forge, were the principal events that marked the early years of the Revolution. Through all this period his spirit was never conquered, his confidence never failed, and his hope was never lost. Brighter days and prospects came when France ex- tended her sympathy and gave to the struggling col- onists substantial assistance in men and money. The surrender of Cornwallis virtually ended the war; soon the Treaty of Paris was signed and the independence of the Colonies acknowledged. Washington now re- turned to the shades of private hfe. We behold him not as a conqueror seeking a triumph, not as a Caesar coveting a crown, not as a despot am- bitious for power, but as a patriot, who having served his country, and having scattered her enemies, sur- renders his sword to her in whose defense it had been drawn. With dismay and fear he watched the growing jealousy of the Colonies; he saw the utter and contemptible weak- UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 3 1 ness of the Confederation, and looked into the future with dread and trembling. Independence had been followed by petty dissension, and at times it seemed as if there could be no unity of purpose nor concert of action in the establishment of a united country and a common government. From his retirement he advised his countrymen and counseled moderation. The Constitution at length was formed and the country started on a new career. Once more with common ac- cord the people called him and he was named the first President of the young Republic. With judgment, with moderation, with patriotic integ- rity he carried the Nation through the first eight years of her political existence, and then laid down the sceptre of power and returned to the ranks of the people. Once his sword as a victorious soldier and afterwards his power as a successful magistrate he surrendered will- ingly into the hands of his countrymen. The history of the world furnishes no such parallel, no such glorious example. In his farewell address upon his retirement forever from public life the whole character of the man is revealed in all its grandeur of truth, of honor, of wisdom, and of patriotism, and as time rolls on he grows stronger in the affections of his countrymen. His influence, his wisdom guided the RepubHc safely through the early years of her life, and left her so firmly established with her course for the future, not only in domestic but foreign policies, so clearly defined, that our safety is assured only when we travel the paths marked out by him. Time will see great changes, the selfish ambition of men for power will bring havoc and war, governments will dissolve and new states will arise, despots will rule and dynasties pass away, revolutions will shake thrones, and Anarchy will raise her hideous form, erect her bar- ricades, and create confusion, but in all future ages the 32 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. great figure of Washington in its grandeur of proportions will rise above the world's tumult and destruction, point- ing the way to Liberty and to Law. His influence will grow as the years increase, and his example will live di- recting and controlling the actions of men and the course of nations yet unborn. In the face of his life oppressors and usurpers have no defense nor excuse to make in their wicked assumption and exercise of arbitrary power. Selfish and personal ambition will ever be taught a lesson and rebuked by his example. The influence of a truly great man can never die. He was great because his aspirations were noble, because of his integrity and devotion to truth, because he appre- ciated the responsibility of duty, because of his sense of exact justice, and because of his sincere and intense love of country. His motives were pure and his ideals lofty; he sank all consideration of self in his desire to discharge his duty to God, to his country, and to his fellow man. There have been more acute minds, keener intellects, but few men have possessed sounder judgment. He reached conclusions slowly but by safe methods. He was a good listener and could weigh with accuracy the suggestions of others, and his judgment enabled him to select the best. So great were the quaHties of his mind that the strong- est leaned on him with confidence and the bravest were inspired to enthusiasm. "Plan the battle," cried mad Anthony Wayne, "and I'll capture hell." He was not showy, but sound. He did not dazzle with a flash, but illumined with a steady light. He did not promise, but realized. He did not boastfully pre- dict, but modestly and patiently secured success. He had an abiding faith. He trusted in Divine Providence, but madly followed no star of destiny. In the darkest hour his soul was not dismayed; when defeat o'erwhelmed he still hoped; when the timid quailed he stood undaunted. UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 33 Justem et tenacem propositi virum Non civium ardor pravajubentium Non vultus instantis tyranni Mente quatit solida ****** Nee fulminantis magna manus Jovis Si fractus illabatur orbis, Impavidum ferient ruinse. It was fortunate for the Colonies that a man with the prudence, the resolution, the judgment, the patriotism, the integrity of Washington could be found to lead their armies; it is even more fortunate for the RepubHc that such a man was found to inaugurate her government. He was the column of cloud by day, the pillar of fire by night. His ambition was measured by his country's good. No crown tempted him, and tyranny was to him a stranger. It is impossible to imagine him fighting in a cause which did not appeal to him as just. He was a born soldier, but fought for principle, not conquest; for liberty, not fame; for peace, not glory. He, perhaps, cannot be classed as a soldier with Caesar and Napoleon, but he had far greater qualities of soul than either of them. War for war's sake he could not understand nor undertake. He was the last man whose ambition would have urged him to Wade through slaughter to a throne, And shut the gates of mercy on mankind. He seems to have been raised up for the safety of his people and his country. He was the one man of his time specially fitted for the task assigned him. Among all his contemporaries, and it was a day of great men, there was not one who could have filled his place. Defeat did not shake the confidence the people had in him, and in the darkest hour his deposition, though sug- gested by his enemies, was never even for a moment seriously considered by his confiding and patriotic coun- trj^men. His integrity, his patriotism were not ques- tioned, and no fair-minded man thought any other cap- tain could under the conditions have done better. 34 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. He bore with singular dignity and equanimity the cruel and shameless attacks made upon him by his po- litical enemies, for even Washington's motives were im- pugned, and at times he was subjected to malignant and personal abuse. If there was one feature rather than any other of his character that stood out in bold relief it was his serenity, his dignified composure. Although naturally irritable in temper, he had so calmed and controlled it by resolution that he seldom gave way to his wrath. There are but two instances given when, under the greatest provocations, his anger broke all bounds. Once at the battle of Monmouth, when enraged at Lee's re- treat, and again at the Cabinet meeting, when he was chafing under the scurrilous and libelous attacks of the infamous Gazette. A careful study of his character even in detail induces to respect and admiration. How few there are among the so-called great men of the world of whom this can truthfully be said. To Washington then we dedicate this monument, and in grateful remembrance let us consecrate ourselves to the service of our country; let us vow to do all in our power to preserve intact that Republic so dear to him, and for whose creation and perpetuation he sacrificed so much. This monument is but the work of our hands; it stands for naught and is as cold and meaningless in sentiment as the marble that composes it unless our hearts speak in gratitude and in afifectionate appreciation of the in- estimable services in the cause of Liberty rendered by him whom we honor to-day. The pyramids have outlasted generations. Time and the elements have made but little impression upon their sides; powerful states have crumbled in their shadows, and they but hold the ashes of proud dynasties whose history is lost in the obscurity of ages. They but mock the pride of their builders, they but speak of a glory and a power long since departed. UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 35 May this monument which we dedicate to-day stand amidst a free and a united people unto the latest gen- erations of time; may our children and our children's children as at an altar here renew their allegiance and devotion to the principles of free government, and find here new inspiration in the life and example of him whom we affectionately call the Father of our Country. In committing this monument to the custody of the Fairmount Park Commission, let me close by repeating in the language of Washington those lines in his farewell address which read: "May Heaven continue to you the choicest tokens of its beneficence, that your union and brotherly affection may be perpetual, that the free Con- stitution which is the work of your hands may be sacredly maintained." ACCEPTANCE BY THE PARK COMMISSION. The ceremonies were closed by the acceptance of the custody of the monument, on behalf of the Fair- mount Park Commission, by James McManes, Esq., the President of that body, who said : — On behalf of the Commission of Fairmount Park I ac- cept the custody of this beautiful and superb monument, erected to the memory and glorious achievements of the Father of his Country by his companions in arms, and which has been unveiled to-day in the midst of so much pomp and ceremony by the people of the United States. The Park Commission will esteem it a pleasure, as well as a patriotic duty, to carefully guard and preserve this monument through the coming years. >- K J < > < o Z W O Q < ra la X K 0. 0. J U a Q X < H J b. E O CU f- CC a,' o o o m K U t- E- m K [I. MILITARY PARADE. THE MILITARY PARADE. The troops then passed in review in the following order: — Marshal, Maj.-Gen. George R. Snowden, N. G. P. Staff, Lieut.-Col. George H. North, N. G. P., Chief of Staflf. Col. Theodore A. Wiedersheim, N. G. P. Col. R. S. Edwards, N. G. P. Col. T. DeWitt Cuyler, N. G. P. Col. Russell B. Harrison, N. G. of Indiana. Lieut-Col. S. S. Hartranft, N. G. P. Lieut-Col. William J. Elliott, N. G. P. Lieut.-Col. Alex. Krumbhaar, N. G. P. Lieut.-Col. Charles H. Townsend, N. G. P. Lieut.-Col. Ralph F. Cullinan, N. G. P. Lieut.-Col. Austin Curtin, N. G. P. Lieut-Col. Alex. A. E. McCandless, N. G. P. Lieut.-Col. A. Lawrence Wetherill, N. G. P. Lieut.-Col. Charles H. Howell, N. G. P. Lieut-Col. Howard L. Calder, N. G. P. Maj. C. W. Williams, U. S. A. Maj. Barton D. Evans, N. G. P. Maj. James A. G. Campbell, N. G. P. Maj. David Lewis, N. G. P. Capt G. S. Bingham, U. S. A. First Lieut. Spencer Cosby, U. S. A. United States Forces. I. Provisional Brigade of United States Troops, Col. S. S. Sumner, 6th Cavalry, commanding. Battalion of Engineers, Maj. J. G. D. Knight, commanding. Capt. S. W. Roessler, Capt Theodore A. Bingham, Capt. William C. Langfitt. Battalion 13th Infantry, Lieut.-Col. W. S. Worth, commanding. Capt. James Forenance, Capt George R. Cecil, Capt. B. H. Gilman. Battalion 4th Artillery, Maj. J. M. Lancaster, commanding. Battery Af.— Capt. F. Fuger. Battery D. — Capt. P. Leary, Jr. Battery L. — Capt. W. Everett. Battery 1. — Capt. C. Chase. Light Battery E, ist Artillery. — Capt. A. Capron. Squadron 6th Cavalry, Maj. Thomas C. Lebo, commanding. Troop G.— Capt. F. West. Troop E. — First Lieut E. C. Brooks. Troop A. — First Lieut J. P. Ryan. Troop H. — Capt. L. A. Craig. (39) 40 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 2. Provisional Brigade, United States Navy, Capt. W. C. Wise, com- manding. Battalion United States Marine Corps, Capt. B. Reeves Russell, com- manding. Battalion of Sailors from the United States Monitor "Terror," Capt. P. F. Harrington, commanding. Battalion of Sailors from the United States Battleship "Texas," Lieut. Commander D. Delehanty, commanding. French Forces. 3. Crew of the French aviso "Fulton," Commander Lespinasse de Saune. National Guard. National Guard of Delaware. 4. Hon. Ebe W. Tunnell, Governor of Delaware, and Staff. 1st Infantry, Col. I. Pusey Wickersham. National Guard of Pennsylvania. 5. Hon. Daniel H. Hastings, Governor of Pennsylvania, and Staff. Brig.-Gen. J. P. S. Gobin, commanding division. Staff:— Ma.]. M. A. Gherst, Maj. William H. Egle, Maj. Henry P. Moyer, Maj. W. S. Miller, Capt. A. W. Shultz, Capt. A. Wilson Norris, Lieut. G. H. Halberstadt. Second Brigade. Brig.-Gen. John A. Wiley, commanding. loth Infantry. — Col. A. L. Hawkins. J5th Infantry. — Col. William A. Kreps. iSth Infantry. — Col. Norman M. Smith. 5th Infantry. — Col. Theodore Burchfield. i6th Infantry.^Col. Willis J. Hulings. 14th Infantry. — Col. William J. Glenn. First Brigade. Brig.-Gen. John W. Schall, commanding. jsl Infantry. — Col. Wendell P. Bowman. 2d Infantry. — Lieut.-Col. Henry T. Dechert, commanding. 6th Infantry. — Col. Perry M. Washabaugh. 3d Infantry. — Col. Robert Ralston. Battalion State Fencibles. — Maj. Thurber T. Brazen Cray Invincibles. — Capt. Andrew F. Stevens. Third Brigade. Col. Frank J. Magee, 8th Infantry, commanding. 13th Infantry. — Col. James B. Coryell. 4th Infantry. — Col. David B. Case. ISth Infantry.— Coh Henry A. Coursen. 8th Infantry. — Lieut.-Col. Theodore F. Hoffman, commanding. gth Infantry.^Lieut.-Co\. C. Bow. Dougherty, commanding. o z u > z D u I h UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 4I State Naval Force. — Commander Francis Shunk Brown. Provisional Battalion of Artillery. — Capt. John A. Denithorne, com- manding. Batteries A^ B, and C. National Guard of New Jersey. 6. Hon. John W. Griggs, Governor of New Jersey, and Staff. 6th Infantry. — Col. William H. Cooper. Catling Gun Company B. — Capt. John B. Jones. Battalion of the West Naval Reserve of New Jersey. — Commander C. B. Dahlgren. Cadets. 7. Provisional Regiment of Cadets, Capt. Frank A. Edwards, ist Cav- alry, U. S. A., commanding. Cadet Corps of Girard College. Corps of Cadets, Pennsylvania Military College, Lieut. G. McK. Will- iamson, 8th Cavalry, U. S. A., commanding. Field Returns to the Chief Marshal. The Chief Marshal in his report to the Chairman of the Committee of the State Society of the Cincinnati of Penn- sylvania, made the following return of the strength of the forces participating in the parade: — Battalion of Engineers, United States Army 310 Battalion of Thirteenth Infantry, United States Army.. 212 Battalion of Fourth Artillery, United States Army 220 Light Battery E, United States Army 72 Squadron of Sixth Cavalry, United States Army 218 1,032 Provisional Brigade, United States Navy 250 Landing party of the French aviso "Fulton" 50 Total United States and French forces 1,332 First Delaware Infantry 300 Second Brigade, National Guard of Pennsylvania 2,877 First Brigade, National Guard of Pennsylvania 2,367 Third Brigade, National Guard of Pennsylvania 2,993 Naval Force, National Guard of Pennsylvania 180 8,417 Sixth Infantry, National Guard of New Jersey 300 Catling Gun Company B, National Guard of New Jersey 65 Naval Force, National Guard of New Jersey 150 SIS Girard College Cadets 450 Pennsylvania Military College Cadets 80 S30 Staff officers and bands SCO Grand total 1 1,594 CO U a: a Q < m X o z S < Z w Q U K Q. w I DINNER OF THE STATE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI OF PENNSYLVANIA. The State Society of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania gave a dinner of four hundred covers on the evening of the day of the unveiling of the monument, in Horti- cultural Hall, Broad Street above Spruce, to the visit- ing members of the Society of the Cincinnati, repre- sentatives of the Republic of France, Federal, State, and city officials, officers of the Army and Navy and National Guard, and other guests. Major William Wayne presided. The Most Reverend P. J. Ryan, Archbishop of Philadelphia, asked Divine blessings, as follows : — " Bless us, O Lord, and these Thy gifts, which of Thy bounty we are about to receive, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen." The President announced as the first toast, " The Memory of Washington," whereupon the entire com- pany rose and drank to the sentiment in respectful silence. "THE MEMORY OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI." Major Asa Bird Gardiner, United States Army, a member of the Rhode Island Society and Secretary- General of the Society of the Cincinnati, responded to the toast, " The Memory of the Founders of the Society of the Cincinnati." He said : — Mr. President: — The call upon me is entirely unex- pected, but one who exhibits upon his person, as I hap- pen to do this evening, the original eagle which General (45) 46 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. Washington himself wore, cannot but feel inspired to say something to such a toast. In May, 1783, the old Con- tinentals, in their ragged regimentals, for the last time paraded in the cantonments on the Hudson. As they were about to separate, the officers who had been together for eight years of war, realizing that they were soon to sink into the ranks of civil Hfe, formed this Society of the Cincinnati. The rolls of the Society show the names of men whose history is a priceless heritage to our people. The original roll which was signed at that time bears the names of Washington, Steuben, Knox, Lincoln, and many others who were prominent in the Revolutionary history of our country. Many of the gallant officers from France joined the new organization, headed by Rochambeau and Lafayette, and the Society of the Cincinnati in France was then created and has since remained identified with the Society in this country. Many of our naval heroes in the War of the Revolution were members of the Society of the Cincinnati. One of them was John Paul Jones, the mention of whose name reminds me of an incident in the career of that renowned sea captain. After a terrific battle between his own ves- sel, the "Bon Homme Richard," and the British frigate "Serapis," which was one of the bloodiest sea fights of the War of the Revolution, Captain Jones did what no other naval commander had done. When his own ship sank, as the "Serapis" surrendered, he took possession of the en- emy's ship and carried his capture into port. "The Memory of the Founders of the Society of the Cincinnati." What glorious recollections attach to their names! Those war-worn veterans, when they separated, were in poverty and distress. Their Government owed them two years' pay. They had ruined themselves in the service of their country. Though broken in fortune and broken in health, they went to their homes to begin Hfe anew. Yet in civil life, when the time came for the es- tablishment of "a more perfect Union," they were found at the front, laboriously engaged in carrying out the cardi- nal principles of the organization they had formed, in the UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 4/ creation of "a more perfect Union." Fully one-half of the members of the Convention which framed the Consti- tution of the States, including the President and Secretary of that body, were members of the Society of the Cin- cinnati. It was a member of this Society — ^John Paul Jones — who was the first to carry our flag abroad. An American lady who saw the flag in Europe for the first time, em- bodied in a poem the hero's recollections of the great naval engagement to which I referred. Her subject was the flag, and I recall but a few lines of it. They were these : — God save the States — make them victorious, Happy and glorious — God save the States 1 "THE MEMORY OF OUR FRENCH ALLIES." His Excellency M. Jules Patenotre, the French Ambassador, upon being introduced by the Chair as the respondent to this toast, was greeted with rounds of cheers and all the accompaniments of an enthusi- astic welcome. His response, delivered in English, was as follows : — Gentlemen: — It is for me a very pleasant duty to con- vey to you the thanks of the President of the French Re- public for the kind invitation and the courteous testimony of international sympathy which have been extended to him, across the Atlantic, by the Society of the Cincinnati, on the occasion of the unveiling of the beautiful monu- ment to-day to the memory of the great founder of your Independence. Allow me at the same time, gentlemen, to extend to you an expression of my personal gratitude for the oppor- tunity which has been given to me to be present at the imposing ceremony in Fairmount Park and at the patriotic festivities of to-night. 48 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. One hundred and fourteen years ago one of my prede- cessors, the Chevalier de la Luzerne, who then represented the French monarchy in the United States, had the great honor to be associated in the creation of your illustrious Order and to see his name registered on the first page of the golden book of your Society. My presence to-night at this banquet, the cordiality of your welcome, the display of the French flags, which I see fraternizing with the American colors, are the touch- ing proof that since the lapse of a century nothing has been changed in the hearts of your citizens, and that you have remained faithful to the sentiments of those early days. I am particularly glad, gentlemen, to assure you of the reciprocity of our feelings. France will always be pleased to remember that some of her illustrious sons have had the good fortune to fight by the side of your immortal Wash- ington; she will always be proud to think that the mem- ories of Lafayette and Rochambeau will be kept alive for- ever in the records of your national history and in the hearts of your countrymen. Gentlemen, I am certain to be to-night the faithful in- terpreter of the French people in drinking to the prosper- ity of your great nation, to the continuance of its glorious destinies, to the perpetuity of the traditional friendship which unites our sister Republic with yours, and which my constant ambition has always been to maintain and to fortify. Upon the close of M. Patenotre's response the company rose and joined in a series of cheers for the distinguished guest, for " France," and for "the land of Lafayette." "THE ARMY." Brigadier-General George D. Ruggles, of the United States Army, responded to the toast, "The Army." He said: — UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 49 Mr. President:— The first General-in-Chief of the American forces deprecated the necessity, in the Revolu- tionary times, of sending abroad for military instructors for the American Army — to Prussia for a tactician and to France for military engineers. He preferred that the American military institutions should be placed in the hands of Americans, and that none but Americans should be placed on guard. Any one who witnessed to-day the grand parade of the National Guard has little reason to despair of American mihtary institutions. General Washington, whose memory we celebrate to- day, planned at that time a military school. That plan was not carried out during his lifetime; it was instituted some years afterwards. His design was not only that there should be educated officers for the army, but that a system of military education should be established by means of which the services of men who had received a military training but who had gone into civil life, could be made available for the Government when, in an emer- gency, they returned to the national standard for the de- fense of the country when in trouble. Many years after- wards Grant and Sherman did return to the standard, and, assisted by Sheridan, they led to the defense of the country the patriotic volunteer soldiery. They restored the integ- rity of the country and they crushed rebellion forever. Thus was the wondrous foresight of "the Father of his Country" vindicated by the result. Though this military school has been established not yet a hundred years, it has graduated nearly fifty-five hundred men. But the influence of that school has been felt throughout the entire country. It has left its impress upon the volunteer force; it has made itself felt in the National Guard; it has extended its influence to the schools throughout our country; and in the efficiency of its pupils and the beneficial results of its operation we have reason to say once more that the military institutions of America are entirely safe. From the time of Washing- ton to our own day we have passed from the i^int-lock and 50 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. the smooth-bore to dynamite and the rifle. We have passed from the percussion cap to electricity and the more powerful explosives. The young men of to-day find literature that was not accessible to the military men of fifty years ago. Our American youths are great stu- dents, and not only are they studious, but they are prac- tical. We of the army, who, after many years of service, are about to be retired under the operation of law, rec- ognize that we can safely confide to the young men of the nation the defense and protection of the Government. They have ever shown a disposition to emulate the example of those who fought in the recent wars, and I am confident that they will never disgrace the record left to them by their fathers upon the battlefields of the country. The President announced that Commodore John A. Howell, of the United States Navy, who had been in- vited to respond to the toast, " The Navy," was un- avoidably absent, and therefore the response to this toast would be omitted. "THE ORIGINAL THIRTEEN STATES." Hon. James Simons, LL. D., of the Society of the Cincinnati of South Carolina and ex-Speaker of the House of Representatives of South Carolina, who responded to this toast, spoke as follows : — Mr. President and Gentlemen: — In being called upon to respond to this toast, I find myself in great em- barrassment, as I am a substitute — one pressed into the service at the last moment; a captive in the hands of my brethren of the Pennsylvania State Society of the Cincin- nati. I know, by experience, that it is impossible to re- sist their fascinations. I have neither the honor nor the UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 5 I pleasure of an acquaintance with the gentleman* who was expected, in regular course, to respond to this toast; but I am satisfied, from the fact that he had been selected, that he would have entertained you eloquently and in- structively. My own lot, however, as a substitute, is not a happy one. It reminds me of an incident which occurred shortly after the Mexican War. A good man — a citizen and a patriot — was willing to serve his country, and he became a candidate for Congress. Finding himself sorely pressed by his political adversaries, he was compelled, as candidates have sometimes been known to be, to have recourse to his war record. He accordingly made this appeal: "My fellow-citizens, I have served you faithfully in war, I have lost an arm in your defense, and now in times of peace you can help me." One of his opponents replied, "I too have fought for my country; not only have I shed my blood for it, but I have given up my life for it, be- cause," he added, "I sent a substitute, and his bones lie bleaching on a battlefield." Now, gentlemen, after having enjoyed your good cheer and after having met this goodly company, I feel that my fate as a substitute has been much more fortunate than that of the one of whom I have spoken. Now, in response to the toast — "The Original Thirteen States" — what can I say? What can a man fail to say upon a theme so inspiring? The sentiment suggested by the toast finds a response in the heart of every man who feels that he deserves to breathe the pure and free atmos- phere of this glorious American country. Those thirteen States are represented here to-day by men who have come to participate in your celebration. In one of those thir- teen States the Order of the Cincinnati was founded immediately upon the conclusion of the war which had been fought by "the Old Original Thirteen." In the vi- cissitudes of years some of the members of the Order from those States have succumbed to circumstances they could not control, but here to-day ten of the thirteen States are *Governor Daniel H. Hastings of Pennsylvania. 52 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. represented, and we hope by the next triennial meeting of the Society to have the whole thirteen represented. Mem- bers of the Society in other States have come here to-day — some of them from far distant points — to participate in this celebration and to manifest their appreciation of the success of their brethren in this State in accomplishing the work of which we have seen the fruition to-day. I feel that I voice their sentiments in congratulating the Society of Pennsylvania, as I do, upon the achievement which they have consummated. I trust that the magnifi- cent monument unveiled to-day in honor of the Great American will constitute an object lesson in patriotism for the ages to come, and that it will preserve the memory of the sacrifices made, of the virtues displayed, and of the toils and hardships endured by Washington and his com- patriots in the cause of human liberty. I feel that that lesson will not be wasted on the present or on the coming generation, but that every American who hopes to be wor- thy of the legacy of freedom will reaUze that his patri- otism should be as broad and expansive as the whole of his great country. I feel that I but voice the sentiment of the representatives of "the Old Original Thirteen" when I express their sincere and cordial appreciation of the bounteous and courteous hospitality which they have received, not only from their fellow-citizens of Philadel- phia in general, but from their brethren of the State Soci- ety of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania in particular. "THE PERPETUAL PEACE AND HAPPINESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA." Hon. Charles F. Warwick, Mayor of Philadelphia, was the respondent to this toast. His remarks were: — Mr. President and Gentlemen: — This day has been a glorious one in the history of the Society of the Cincin- nati and in the history of the city of Philadelphia. The > a: > < O I H CD K W Z D _i o o m a. o o K O 2 5 z <: 2 2 O o UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 53 occasion has been one of the most memorable and suc- cessful that Philadelphia ever saw; and when we say that of course we recognize that no other city stands in the same "classification," as the term is used at Harris- burg. The Society of the Cincinnati has made a gift to the nation to-day which will stand as a monument for all time to the wisdom, the heroism, and the pati-iotism of Wash- ington. The name of Washington is an inspiration in itself; his influence will live so long as people love liberty and desire to be free. No name is so intimately connected with our history and so closely interwoven with our na- tional existence. He can truthfully be called the Father of his Country. His biography has been written in every civiHzed tongue and his name is spoken with veneration in every quarter of the globe. Philadelphia is honored in that she has been made the custodian of this great memorial. It is one of the noblest tributes ever paid to the memory of Washington, and it speaks eloquently of the patriotism of this historic and distinguished Society. The rain, the wind, and the dust of ages will beat upon it, the tooth of time will gnaw into the granite, but the sentiment that it stands for will outlive the monument itself and last as long as time. Let it be our prayer to-night that revolutions may not change nor ambitions destroy the institutions and the principles of free government which it represents. May the day never come when in the midst of a people who have lost their freedom it will stand as a reminder of departed valor and national honor. May it ever, with the associations that cluster about it, incite our people to renewed vigi- lance in the preservation of all that is dear to them under a free government. May no stranger from a foreign land ever stand in its shadow and speak in derision of the in- stability of republics, of the decadence and the departed glory of a free people. The toast to which I am to speak is "Peace and Pros- perity." Washington believed in war only as a means to secure peace. He never believed in war for the satisfac- 54 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. tion of personal ambition or for the winning of personal fame. He was the first to enter war when principles were at stake and the first to sheathe his sword when those principles were secured. Through years of strife he brought his country into peace and prosperity. A country maybe in peace and yet not prosperous; on the other hand, it may be prosperous and yet not at peace. But where a nation has both peace and prosperity its cup of happiness is full. There are many things, how- ever, worse for a nation than war — for instance, a dis- honorable peace. Every government, to have the respect of other nations, must be strong enough to resent an insult and to maintain her dignity. It is better to fight and suffer defeat than to tamely submit to an injustice. The time may come when wars will be a thing of the past, but the world has not yet reached that happy state. "In time of peace prepare for war" is an old adage, for peace is so great a blessing that it is worth fighting for, and sometimes can only be made permanent as a result of war. It is our trust and belief that so far as internal wars are concerned our Republic is safe. To-day we are a united people, with the sentiment of union stronger than ever in the history of our country. But so long as any State in Europe holds a piece of territory or claims to exercise any governmental direction over any part of this hemi- sphere, we should be in a position to defend any stand we take or any principle or policy we maintain. There is noth- ing so secures peace as ability to defend it. A powerful navy is a guarantee of peace and strong coast defenses induce to arbitration and honest settlement of interna- tional questions. To-day we are at peace with all the world. There is not a cloud on the horizon as big as a man's hand. But that is no reason why we should not in every way strengthen our national defense to make perma- nent that peace. It no doubt would be a good thing if the nations could establish an international court, such as the Amphictyonic Council of ancient Greece, where all the questions that UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 55 cause irritation between the different countries could be submitted for settlement. The unequal conflict between Greece and Turkey could have been avoided and justice could have been done in Crete and the Turk brought to a realizing sense of his duty. Turkey is a menace to civil- ization, and has set at defiance every law of humanity, while the so-called Christian powers of Europe, influenced by commercial interests and by jealousy of each other, have failed to see that justice was done. How blessed we are as a people, and how little we appre- ciate the advantages we enjoy. Our country is at peace with all the world, living under one form of government, and prosperous within its borders. I think it can truth- fully be said that we have realized the hope of Washington himself. We have grown far beyond the expectation of the founders of our Government, and our future greatness is assured. Europe is divided into many States, composed of dif- ferent peoples, speaking different tongues. The people are heavily taxed for the support of standing armies, and an armed neutrality at all times is maintained. The fron- tiers bristle with armaments of war, and the nations stand ready at the slightest provocation to leap at each other's throats. Such a condition can never exist in this country if we are faithful to the teaching of him whom we have honored to-day. Our Union assures peace, and peace with us means prosperity. Let us therefore now, before we separate and go to our own homes, pledge ourselves to the maintenance of those principles of government which are so dear to us, which were so dear to Washington, and for which he sacrificed so much. Let us take our glasses in hand and drink to the peace, the power, and the prosperity of the greatest Republic the world has ever known. The company here responded to the Mayor's in- vitation by rising and drinking to the sentiment he had suggested. 56 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. "THE HEROES OF THE REVOLUTION." In responding to the toast, " The Heroes of the Revolutionary War," Gen. WilHam S. Stryker, Presi- dent of the New Jersey Society of the Cincinnati, said : — I read this paragraph in a morning paper: "Germany has been ruled by a gerontocracy. At the time of the death of Emperor WilHam I., who was in his ninety-first year, the commander in chief of the army, General von Moltke, was eighty-eight years old; the Chancellor, Count von Bismarck, was seventy-three years of age, and the average age of the sixteen corps commanders was sixty- five years." This statement, so far as it has reference to the great army of the German Empire, disproves the proverb, "Old men for counsel, but young men for war." And now, while others around me are ready to please you with their wit, let me in a few words not inappropriate to the occasion call your attention to a fact which many have over- looked — the youthfulness of the officers of the Continen- tal line in the Revolutionary War. As we gaze upon the gray-wigged heads and clean- shaven faces of our patriotic sires in some old portrait or engraving, we are too apt to think of them as men of mature years at the time of the war — stem old veterans who had seen much of life, and had learned by long ex- perience how to command. Then we read in McMas- ter's "Carmen BelHcosum" how In their ragged regimentals, Stood the old Continentals, Yielding not. We picture to ourselves "the old-fashioned colonel" who Galloped through the white infernal powder cloud, and it seems to us that the men who fought our battles in the Revolutionary War were very old men — as old, in- z < o E u 2: < o z < X u z w K [I. u X H o cc u. M 0: o J < UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 57 deed, as those whom Germany put at the head of her mighty army. Let me first speak of some of the gallant officers from my own State. On the last day of the year 1775, while the brave Montgomery lay dying in the Pris-de-ville under the walls of Quebec, Matthias Ogden, a Jersey soldier, drew his maiden sword, and his ringing voice told that his v/hole soul was burning with the love of liberty. Even in this very hour his young blood crimsoned the snow at early dawn, and he sank, seriously wounded in the shoulder, into the arms of his comrades. He was taken prisoner and sent to British headquarters, and being ad- mired for his bravery, was invited to a seat at the offi- cers' mess. At this table an officer just arrived from England asked the company to drink a toast, and Ogden, rising with the rest, heard the toast proposed, "Damna- tion to the Rebels!" Instantly he flung his glass and its contents in the face of the British officer, exclaiming, "Damnation to the man who dares to propose such a toast in my presence!" Of course a challenge passed, but the British commanding officer would not allow Og- den, as his prisoner, to accept it. An apology followed, and Ogden was ever afterwards treated vdth the utmost courtesy. He lived to do heroic deeds for the Republic. He was in command of the First Regiment, New Jersey Continental Line, when he was twenty-one years of age, and fought with reckless gallantry at Brandywine, Ger- mantown, and Monmouth. This, then, is not an "old- fashioned colonel," as referred to by the poet, but the brave young colonel of New Jersey's First, who, with clear head and bold heart, gave his best services to liberty. Let me cite another instance. In the memorable re- treat of Lee three gallant New Jersey officers leaned on their swords around the old well on the Carr farm, near the west ravine, waiting '"hile their weary men quenched their thirst on that hot Saul -"th in June on Monmouth Plains. A round shot had jusi "truck young Fauntle- roy and thrown that gallant Virginian into the morass 58 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. below, which was a quivering mass of wounded men; but they must stay and drink, even though they should die as he. These officers, Major Ogden, Major Bloomfield, and Major Howell, were but twenty-two, twenty-three, and twenty-four years of age respectively, yet they had already done and continued to do great deeds for liberty. And did not our State honor these three young soldiers? After the war each in turn became Governor of the State; and as we look upon the likenesses of these men, made in after life, we get the impression that they were very old soldiers. Let me also speak of an ideal soldier, Col. Francis Barber, of the Third Regiment, who was severely wounded at Monmouth, again wounded by the Indians at the New- town fight, wounded the third time while leading a charge at Yorktown and killed at the very closing hours of the war, ending at the early age of thirty-two a life full of great and glorious deeds for freedom. Major-Gen. Philemon Dickinson, commander of the New Jersey Militia during the whole war, was thirty-nine when he hammered so well on Clinton's flank in his march across the Jerseys, and Capt. Alexander Hamilton was but a boy of nineteen as he sighted his four-gun battery on the flying Hessians in the streets of Trenton. Lord Cornwallis said he always felt uneasy whenever troops commanded by Major-Gen. Greene were near his camp. Greene was at this time not thirty-seven. Major- Gen. Sullivan was two years his senior when he led the strong columns of destruction against the hostile Six Naitions through the valley of the beautiful Wyoming. The stripling Frenchman, Major-Gen. Lafayette, was scarcely twenty years old when he out-manoeuvred the British veteran. Grant, at Barren Hill, and Light Horse Harry Lee was about the same age when he filled the new States with the news of his daring exploits. Col. Joseph Reed, Washington's Adjutant-General, was thirty- five when, with a few of the Philadelphia Troop of Light Horse, he picked up a party of British grenadiers near Princeton. UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 59 When cannon balls struck old Nassau Hall and Rounder, rounder, rounder, roared the iron six-pounder, Hurling death, the chief of artillery of the American Army, General Knox, was but twenty-six. As you catch a glimpse in the moonhght of the glitter of the rifles and hear the scampering of steeds on the shore of the broad Santee, A moment in the British camp, a moment and away — you recognize the fearless trooper Marion; nor do you call him an old man as he whispers in your ear, "I am in love, and my sweetheart is — Liberty." Gen. John Cadwalader, at the head of his brigade of Philadelphia Associators, which fought so well at the Princeton Surprise, was not yet thirty-five, and General Mififlin, who commanded a division of troops that day, was thirty-two years old. Mad Anthony Wayne stormed Stony Point on the Hudson when he was thirty-four. General Muhlenburg, of Virginia, the "fighting parson," was but thirty-one at Monmouth. Colonel Hand, the keen rifleman who was always put at the point of greatest danger, was thirty-one at Trenton, and Colonel Varnum, Rhode Island's distinguished ofificer, was twenty-seven at the same battle. Was our beloved Washington an old man, as his digni- fied appearance, his powerful frame, his majestic counte- nance, often lead us to think? As he shouted words of cheer to his men on that cold morning after Christmas on the river road to Trenton, as he threw the two col- umns of his weary troops into the revelry of that village, and as he stood by the bedside of the dying Hessian, Rail, he was not yet forty-four years of age. And now let me recall, if I can, the last verse of poetry known to have been written by William Cullen Bryant in memory of Washington: Thus 'mid the wreck of thrones shall live Unmarred, undimmed, our hero's fame. And years succeeding years shall give Increase of honors to his name. 60 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. Mayor Warwick here made the following announce- ment : Mr. Chairman, I wish to state that I have just received word that Governor Hastings, of Pennsylva- nia, who was to have been here to-night, unfortunately met with a slight accident. The horse which he rode was jammed between some other horses, and the Gov- ernor was injured in one leg. His injury is not serious, but was sufficient to confine him to his hotel quarters. Otherwise he would have been present on this occasion. He sends his regrets. "THE WOMEN OF THE REVOLUTION." Hon. James M. Beck, United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, spoke as follows : — Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Cincin- nati: — Permit me, in the first place, to gratefully ac- knowledge the very great compliment that you have shown me in assigning me to any part in the programme connected with an occasion as notable as this one will ever be in the annals of the city of Philadelphia. I had feared that I would have been unable to prepare myself in a man- ner worthy of the occasion, of the audience, or of the Society, but whatever fear I had is to some extent less- ened by the fact that, through the kindness of the audi- ence, the speeches have been so extremely confidential in their tone it does not matter much whether what the speaker says is well or poorly said, as it is graciously ac- cepted. I therefore proceed with less dififidence than I would otherwise. I trust I may be permitted to express the very great pleasure we all have here, not merely in the number of distinguished guests at this board, but especially in that we are honored, for the first time at one of the many pub- lic dinners in the city of Philadelphia, in having the Am- Q Z < o z > u 1 h O Z 2 < > -J >- B3 Z z u CL [1. O K O Z q: > o O u X h UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 6l bassador of the French Republic as our guest. It is need- less to say that between his country and ours there have always been the closest ties of international fellowship. He can be no stranger in Philadelphia when he knows that it was within sight almost of its walls that his dis- tinguished countryman, the knightly Lafayette, poured out the blood of his gallant heart. And though the United States should adopt the somewhat gory sugges- tions that have been made, and make general war upon Spain, upon Greece, upon Turkey, and upon other nations, there will always be one country with which, for "Auld Lang Syne," the United States — please God — will remain in eternal amity, and that is the grand Republic of France. No international difference can ever arise that France and the United States cannot honorably submit to an impar- tial tribunal, whose decision they can accept as the voice of reason, rather than a resort to mere force. We cannot but remember, Mr. Ambassador, the fact that notwithstanding the brave declarations of those fathers of ours in whose especial memory we are met to-night, not- withstanding their wise provision for the country with their little means, the hour would indeed have been dark and the issue perhaps unfavorable had it not been for the generous, the loyal, the unselfish support that France gave to the United States in that time of need. We may add to that the thought that she is a republic, as we are; that together we uphold, above others, the standard of a democratic civilization; that these two governments are pledged to the loftiest civilization; that these two gov- ernments are bound together not only by ties that spring from the old conflict, but by that generous act, of re- cent date, when the French people, with that remarkable generosity that has always animated them, did that which we had neglected to do, and placed in our great harbor the magnificent statue which typifies Liberty enlightening the world. If France shall ever be isolated in any way, she will not lack a friend in her great sister republic across the sea. 62 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. However, the toast assigned me is upon a somewhat different subject, though at this late hour you will not expect me to respond to it at any length. And yet, if you will pardon me, I feel that we would perhaps miss one essential and graceful thought of the occasion did we not, as we recall the "times that tried men's souls," remember that gentler portion of the heroic age, who were at once the inspiration and the reward of our fathers' labors. There arises before our imagination a vision more beau- tiful than Chaucer's "dream of fair women," of stately ma- trons and dainty maidens, with hair curled, powdered, and massed a la pompadour, with dainty feet encased in high-heeled slippers, and with figures enveloped in bro- caded satins of richest hue and texture. We can picture them as they sweep in the joyous fullness of life down some broad Colonial stairway or grace the republican court of Washington with their beauty, or enhance the charm of an assembly with that dance of kings, the minuet. Where are these brave and noble women who made our fathers' pulses beat more quickly? Some sleep in St. Peter's Churchyard, others by Christ Church wall. Of all it can be said, in the words of Holmes, the saddest, I think, in the English language: — The mossy marbles rest On the lips that he has pressed In their bloom ; And the names he loved to hear Have been carved for many a year On the tomb. "Something too much of this," however, for I am not bidden here to play the skeleton at the feast. It is my gracious duty to briefly speak of their part in the epic struggle to which scant justice has as yet been done. Each could say, as did the New England woman, who, hearing the praises of the Pilgrim Fathers sounded, said: "And what of the Pilgrim mothers, gentlemen? Did they not endure all the privations of which you speak, and the Pil- grim Fathers, too?" The women of 1776 were no laggards UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 63 in the cause of freedom. They gave freely of their prop- erty tn the patriot cause and denied themselves many com- forts to give more. They passed from house to house to solicit contributions and wove the colors which their fathers and brothers defended with their lives. He whose public virtues we commemorate in lasting bronze to-day paid due tribute to their valuable co-operation in the war of freedom. To that Philadelphia Woman's Committee which, headed by Esther Reed, had helped to clothe his ragged Continentals, Washington, with true Virginia gal- lantry, wrote: "The army ought not to regret its sacrifices or its sufferings when they meet with so flattering a reward as in the sympathy of your sex, nor can it fear that its interests will be neglected when espoused by advocates as powerful as they are amiable." But these worthy ladies, with whom Burgoyne had boasted before leaving England that he would dance, did more than contribute either their jewels or the product of their nimble fingers. They freely gave to their country that which was dearest to them — their fathers, their sons, their lovers, their brothers, their husbands. Said one of them to her husband, in the spirit of a Roman matron, "Remember, Sidney, that I would rather hear that you were left a corpse on the field than that you played the coward." To which her Lovelace could have replied in those lovely words which embody the chivalry of our race: — I could not love thee, dear, so much. Loved I not honor more. In times of great emergency they even played the soldier, and America had more than one Joan of Arc who was willing to make the supreme sacrifice of life for free- dom and country. Pardon me a closing thought. If the women of the Revolution played their part in our epic struggle, it was in a manner in accord with our Anglo-Saxon civiHzation. They sacrificed everything for the cause except their crowning charm, modesty. Our fathers did not believe in political women. They appreciated better than we that 64 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. women have never meddled vi^ith government except to curse it. No Montespan or Pompadour, no Lady Ham- ilton or Churchill, inflicted their baleful influence on the country. There is, perhaps, a suggestive lesson in this. The typical American woman is not that petticoated cyclone of the West, Mrs. Lease, who recently traversed our country and made so many votes — for the other side — or that Utah matron who illustrated fin de siecle politics by running for Senator against her husband. Our Amer- ican civilization glories in another and more gracious type of refined, modest, ctiltivated, and ennobled womanhood, of which it is a pleasure to say that both the last and the present first lady of the land are such notable examples. We would not deny woman any opportunity she needs or asks. We have thrown wide for her entrance the doors of our colleges, and made smooth the avenues to all advancement. We will deny her no reasonable liberty of action. "Atalanta's better part" may be to-day the bi- cycle if she will, nor will we even quarrel with the festive bloomer, but for her own sake we implore her not to act- ively enter that forbidden chamber of partisan politics for which the sweet retirement of her nature and the permanent difference in her social office so signally unfits her. Let them not be equal with us, for we acknowledge their superiority. Woman is still with us a religion. The Ewige-weibHche still leads us on. Hers is the only order of nobility we recognize. To her queenly office we willingly bow. An American woman first wove an Amer- ican flag and flung it to the breeze, and while its silken folds floats over our vast domain, illumined by the glory of eternal day, so long, please God, may there remain in our hearts the love of the knightly cavalier for God's last and best creation, woman. "OUR SISTER STATE SOCIETIES." The Chairman then announced, as the last on the list of toasts, "Our Sister State Societies," and called upon Gen. James M. Varnum, of New York, a mem- UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 65 ber of the Society of the Cincinnati of the State of Rhode Island, to respond. General Varnum said : — Mr. President and Gentlemen: — I am asked at a very late hour in the evening, v^rithout any preparation and upon five minutes' notice, to speak to the toast of "Our Sister State Societies," but nevertheless it gives me pleasure to make the response, for such a toast needs no preparation, as its sentiment should be ever in the heart and in the thoughts of every member of this grand old military Order of the Cincinnati. In each of the original thirteen States of the Union, at every meeting of any existing State Society of the Cincinnati, the most honored guests are, and should ever be, the members of the Cincinnati in other States, divided way back in 1783 into separate State organizations for the purpose of con- venience, but all bright stars of the same magnitude in a galaxy which makes up the general Society of the Cin- cinnati. It is right that this honor should be extended, for to whom do we owe more respect and love than to the descendants of those ancestors who fought side by side with our own, under the leadership of General Wash- ington, in the glorious and successful struggle for Amer- ican Independence? The respect which we ourselves show to the members of our sister State Societies has similarly been manifested by the Federal Government on all great occasions of ceremony, and by all State officials and committees having charge of public ceremonials who have familiarized themselves with the precedents for the proper action in such cases. Especially has this been the fact during the numerous centennial celebrations which have taken place during the past twenty years. These public honors to the Society of the Cincinnati first re- sulted from prescriptive usage growing out of the obse- quies of distinguished officers of the Revolutionary War and out of the reception of the Marquis de Lafayette in 1824, and were finally crystallized in the concurrent resolution of Congress in 1884 at the time of the official 66 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. ceremonials for the dedication of the Washington Monu- ment, at which time the officers of the Society were given precedence next after the Governors of States and Terri- tories. This order of precedence was followed in the subsequent centennial celebrations of 1887 and 1889, and in the latter, which was the centennial of the inaugura- tion of Washington as President of the United States, the high honor was extended to the Society of the Cin- cinnati as a matter of right to open the celebrations, which extended over several days, with a public church service in old St. Paul's Chapel in New York, followed on the next day by a grand banquet in honor of General Washington. Gentlemen of the Pennsylvania Society, your brethren from the Societies of the other States have come here to Philadelphia on this most auspicious occasion to offer you our kindliest words of friendship and congratulation. It is a pleasure for us to be here to-night. It is a great pleasure, or our friend Colonel Simons would not have come from far-off South CaroHna, and our friend Judge Harden from his home in Georgia, to say nothing of many of us from New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and all the other States, all of whom are here sim- ply to do honor to the Society of the Cincinnati and to the memory of its first President, Gen. George Washington. To the State Society of Pennsylvania we desire to give all credit for the grand and stately monument of our first President which they have presented to the city of Phil- adelphia, one which reflects honor and credit upon the whole Society; for, gentlemen, all the State Societies of the Cincinnati are, as I have stated, but parts of the same great Order, and an honor that comes to the Penn- sylvania Society is also an honor to Maryland, an honor to South Carolina, an honor to New Jersey, and an honor to all the other State Societies. Therefore, gentlemen of Pennsylvania, we thank you for what you have done, and we bid you Godspeed in all your undertakings. It is to us a source of profound pleasure that this magnificent monument which has been so long in course of construe- UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 6/ tion has been erected, not alone to the glory of the Society in the State of Pennsylvania, but to the glory of the whole Society that was founded by Washington and his officers and their gallant French allies — the Society of the Cincinnati in the United States. Gentlemen, there has been some talk about our possible complications with foreign nations, but permit me to say emphatically that such matters have nothing to do with the Society of the Cincinnati. Organized in 1783, I think I can safely assert that with malice towards none, with charity to all, this Society nevertheless recognizes no ally or friend amongst foreign nations save one, and that is the nation of France. The popular feeling here to-day, or yesterday, or the day before, may lean towards or against Germany, Greece, Turkey, Spain, or any other nation; but I assure his Ex- cellency the Ambassador of France, who honors us with his presence this evening, that we, the hereditary mem- bers of this military Order, organized one hundred and fourteen years ago, have no sympathy with any other nation other than France. We know that when the fort- une of war seemed against us, when the poor patriot soldiers of Washington's army were fighting for liberty and were sore distressed and needed help, America looked in vain for encouragement from abroad. England was our antagonist, and all the other nations of the earth had apparently no sympathy for us. But suddenly from over the sea came the great ships and galleons of France, bringing money and soldiers and sailors for our relief. We of the Cincinnati appreciate that fact. We whose ancestors were officers who fought in the Revolution, know that it was largely due to the timely intervention of France that the American Republic became a possi- bility. Therefore I say to your Excellency that we are highly honored by your presence to-night, and I am sure I express the unanimous sentiment of the military Order of the Cincinnati when I assure you that the affection and regard for France and the French people which this Society has always entertained, will never die out. 68 UXTEUJSG OF THE WASHIXGTOS MOXUMEST. Your Excellency, in accordance with what I know to be the unanimous consent of the members of the Society of the Cincinnati, permit me the honor on their behalf of offering to vou the right hand of fellowship in token of our regard and appreciation for the great nation which you here so ably represent. Gentlemen, the inquiry has often been made whether the descendants of those French oficers who were orig- inal members of the French Society of the Cincinnati take any personal interest in the Society at the present time. I beg to assure you that they do, and, gentle- men, I have considerable personal knowledge as to the fects that I have stated. As some of you here are aware, it has been my good fortune to meet and to enjoy the friendship of many of the descendants of those officers of France who fought for our Repubhc in our Revolu- tion. I have been as a member of thi s Society an hon- ored guest at the home of the great Count Rochambeau, and I have seen in a case in his own bed chamber, beside the insignia of the Order of St. Louis and other badges of distinction, his insignia of the Order of the CincinnatL Amongst these descendants of original members of the Cincinnati are some of the most distinguished men in France; amongst them members of the Academy, dukes and princes of the reahn, and many who now occupy the highest rank, social and otherwise, in the France of to- day, and I know that there is no distinction in their fam- ily traditions or in the history of their ancestors which they prize more highly than their membership in the American Society of the CincinnatL It is only a few weeks since I received an engraved notification of the death of the Count D'OUone, and the sorrowful announcement contained the statement that he was a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor and of the hereditary Order of Cindnnattis. Gentlemen, on behalf of the other State Societies of the Cincinnati, I assure you that from the Xorth and from the South they send greetings to Pennsylvania; they thank you for yotir courtesy; they thank you for ■3 Z B Q 03 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 69 your kindly feeling towards them; and they ask you to believe that in their hearts there will always be that same love for you that there is in our hearts, Mr. Ambassador, for France. Those who accepted invitations to the dinner in- cluded : — Chief Eng. A. H. Able, U. S. N., Hon. Robert Adams, Jr., Major G. W. Adair, U. S. A., Charles E. Alexander, Watson Ambruster, Odgen Armstrong, Hon. Michael Arnold, Capt. William H. Arthur, U. S. A., Hon. Chas. Y. Audenried, Chief Eng. S. L. P. Ayres, U. S. N. Paymaster R. T. M. Ball, U. S. N., G. Washington Ball, William Pancoast Barber, Levi R. Barnard, William Wilmot Ballard, Benjamin Bartholomew, James B. Baylor, Reading Beatty, Dr. S. W. Battle, Hon. James M. Beck, Hon. Abraham M. Beitler, Lewis E. Beitler, Charles Upham Bell, Capt. H. H. Bellas, U. S. A., Past Asst. Eng. F. M. Ben- nett, U. S. N., Col. R. Dale Benson, William Weldon Bentley, Cadwalader Biddle, Hon. Craig Biddle, Capt.G. S. Bingham, U.S.A., Gen. J. D. Bingham, U. S. A., Gen. Henry H. Bingham, Lieut. H. A. Bispham, U. S. N., Rudolph Blankenburg, Col. Wendell P. Bowman, Major Thurber T. Brazer, Gen. Jos. C. Breckinbridge, U. S. A., Hon. F. Amedee Br6gy, William E. Breese, Jr., Francis M. Brooke, Commander F. S. Brown, William W. Bruner, William Rowen Buck, Col. Theodore Burchfield, Lieut. E. C. Brooks, U.S.A., George J. Brennan. Patrick HenryCareyCabell, Dr. Chas. E. Cadwalader, Hon. John Cadwalader, Richard McC. Cadwalader, Francis M. Caldwell, J. W. S. Campbell, Capt. AUyn Capron, U.S.A., Major J. E. Carpenter, Col. David B. Case, Hon. W. Wilkins Carr, Walter DeLyleCarstarphen , Ensign S, Chavanon, Capt. Constantine Chase, U. S. A., Major David S. B. Chew, Lieut. J. L. Chamberlain, U. S. A., Dr. Thomas M. L. Chrystie, Henry Clay, Ensign M. Collon, William A. Connor, Rt. Rev. Leighton Coleman, Major Richard S. Colium, U. S. M. C, Medical Director Geo. H. Cooke, U. S. N., Col. James B. Coryell, John Cropper, Edwin S. Cramp, Alexander Crow, Jr., Capt. L. A. Craig, U. S. A., Col. Thos. DeWitt Cuyler. Capt. Charles B. Dahlgren, Richard Dale, Joseph G. Darlington, John Collins Daves, Graham Daves, Charles S. Davis, Col. Robert S. Davis, Maj. C. L. Davis, U. S. A., John Morton Davis, Charles W. Dayton, Henry M. Dechert, Col. Henry T. Dechert, Capt. John Denithorne, Commandant De Saune, John P. H. DeWindt, Surg. Oliver Diehl,U. S. N., Thomas Dolan, Chief Eng. W. W. Dungan, U. S. N. Capt. R. G. Ebert, U. S. A., Capt.F.A.Edvvards,U.S.A., Dr. William H. Egle, A. S. Eisenhower, William L. Elkins, William L. Elkins, Jr., Col. James Elverson, Chief Eng. A. C. Engard, U. S. N., Lieut. G. R. Evans, U. S. N., Capt. Wm. Everett, U. S. A. Ambassador of France , Surg.W.C. Farwell,U. S. N., Dr. Nelson M. Ferebee, U. S. N., Hon. Thomas K. Finletter, Nicholas Fish, Lieut.A. S.Fleming, U.S. A. John H. Fow, Major-Gen. W. B. Franklin, Howard B. French, James Franklin, Capt. Frederick Fuger, U. S. A., Alfred Brooks Fry. 70 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. Major Asa Bird Gardiner, U. S. A., Hon. Charles G. Garrison, Lieut. H. J. Gallagher, U. S. A., Joseph I. Gilbert, B. F. Gilkison, Lieut. W. A. Gill, U. S. N., Joseph E. Gillingham, John Sterritt Gittings, Lieut. J. C. Gilmore, Jr., U. S. A., Col, Wm. J. Glenn, James Glentworth, Gen. J. P. S. Gobin, Col. J. Lewis Good, Simon Gratz, Col. Chas. S. Greene, Major-Gen. David McM. Gregg, Gov. John W. Griggs, Major H. C. Groome, Capt. John C. Groome, Gen, E. Burd Grubb, Lieut. W. S. Guignard, U. S. A. James L. Hall, Dr. Luther Murphy Halsey, Lieut. A. Hamilton, U.S.A., Charles Wilson Handy, Hon. William B. Hanna, George E. Harris, Hon. William D. Harden, Col. Russell B. Harrison, Lieut. HarryL. Hawthorne, U. S. A.. Thomas S. Harrison, Hon. Henry S, Harris, Charles C. Harrison, Lieut. J. A. Harman.U.S.N., Hon. Alfred C. Harmer, Charles Francis Hart, Lieut. Robert L. Howze, U. S. A., Wencel Hartman, David Green Haskins, Jr., Gov. Daniel H. Hastings, Col. Alexander L. Hawkins, Rev. Horace E, Hayden, Capt. P. F. Harrington, U. S. N., Paul Augustine Hendry, Charles W. Henry, Dr. Edgar Holden, Dr. John Homans, Wm. Macpherson Hornor, Col. C. W. Hornor, Commander E. S. Houston, U. S. N., Col. Charles H. Howell, Commodore J. A. Howell, U. S. N., Col. Willis J. Hulings, Rev. Dr. Humphries, Capt. Alfred E. Hunt, Lieut. B. B. Hyer, U. S. A., Lieut. Heiberg, U. S. A., Lieut.A.M. Hunter, U.S.A.. Frederick J. Huntington, A. E. Hunt, John P. Hyatt. Wessel T. B. Imlay, Charles F. Iseminger, Charles Isham, Rev. Robert S. hes. William Benjamin Jackson, Charles Augustus Jackson, Charles Eben Jackson, Robert Shoemaker Jackson, Frederick W. Jackson, Capt. W. H. Jaques, Capt. C. W. S. Jones, Chaplain Jones, U. S. N., Dr. George Ben Johnson, J. W.Jordan. John L. Kinsey, Thomas T. Kinney, William H. Kirkpatrick, William R. Knight, Col, William A. Kreps. Wilson Gray Lamb, Col. James H. Lambert, Major William H. Lambert, Major J. M. Lancaster, U. S. A., William Moylan Lansdale, Hon. James W. Lattimer, Capt. Peter Leary, Jr., U. S. A., Major T. C. Lebo, U. S. A., Henr>' Sage Linn, J. B. Livingston, Commander Edwin Long- necker, U. S. N., Lieut. John A. Lundeen, U. S. A., Lieut.-Gov. Walter Lyon. Hon. William McAleer, John K. McCarthy, Hon. Henr>'J. McCarthy, Major C. A. H. McCauIey, U. S. A., Col. A. K. McCIure, James S. McCartney, Hon. Henr>' C. McCormick, Capt. E. H. McCollough, Dr.Francis BuckMcDowell, Paymaster M. C. McDonald, U. S. N., John J. McKenna, William L. McLean, Hon. James McManes, Allan McSherr>', Rich'd Meredith McSherry, Col, Clayton McMichael, Hon. Charles B.McMichael, Ensign A. A. McKethan, U. S. N., Col. Frank Magee, T. Henr>' Martin, George L. Markland, Hamilton Markley, Chief Engineer J. P. Mick- ley, U S. N., Henry Dusenberry Max- well, Rev. Robert A. Mayo, Charles H. Meyer, Col. Asher Miner, Capt. John C. Mitchell, U.S. R. C. S., Henry H. Muhlenburg, Capt. Samuel Eralen Meigs, James L. Miles, Hon. James T. Mitchell, Chief Eng. W. S. Moore, U. S. N., Jas. Mortimer Montgomery, Col. Edward Morrell. Col. John P. Nicholson, Lieut. A. C. Nissen, U. S. A., Major James P. W. Neill, Lieut. W.C.NevilIe,US.N., Col. George H. North. George Washington Olney, Gen. Samuel D. Oliphant, Henri Orlandi, Talbot Olyphant, William Case Osmun, Frederick M. Ott. Joseph H. Paist, J. Raymond Park, Pay Director R. Parks, U. S. N., Edward W. Patton, C. Stuart Patterson, William Houston Patterson, Washington J. Peale, Thomas D. Pearce, Thomas Arnold Peirce, UNVEILING OF TJIE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 71 Major-Gen. Galusha Penny- packer, U. S. A., Hon. Samuel \V. Penny- packer, Hon. Boies Penrose, Dr. William Pepper, Samuel C. Perkins, Lieut. Thomas S. Phelps, U. S. N., Majorjohn Pitman, U.S. A., John Osgood Piatt, Major-Gen. J. W. Plume, James Pollock, Charles Hobby Pond, Hon. Charles A. Porter, Col. John Biddle Porter, William W. Porter, Lieut. E. Pratt, Charles Pugh. Col. Robert Ralston, Hon. John R. Read, Lieut. CD. Rhodes, U.S.A., Wm. McKnight Reckless, James Grant Reed, Col. Lewis W. Reed, Saunderson Reed, Gen. Frank Reeder, Max. Riebenack, Col. Ezra H. Ripple, Hon. Frank M. Riter, Joseph M. Rogers, Allen B.'Rorke, Capt. William S. Robinson, William J. Roney, Brig. -Gen. George D. Rug- gles, U. S. A., William C. Rucb, Capt. B. R. Russell, U. S. M. C, William C. Russell, Most Rev. P. J. Ryan. Capt. Jas. H. Sands, U.S.N., John Sartain, Gen. John W. Schall, Chief Eng. J. A. Scott, U. S. N., Dr. Thomas E. Sears, Jacob J. Seeds, David W. Sellers, Edwin Jaquett Sellers, Dr. E. Shippen, U. S. N., Dr. Alonzo Silvester, Hon. James Simons, Dr. Manning Simons, Charles Abercrombie Sims, Paymaster George W. Simp- son, U. S. N., William M. Singerly, David R. Smith, George Totten Smith, Pay Director J. A. Smith, U. S. N., Col. Norman M. Smith, Hon. Charles Emory Smith, Maj.-Gen. George R. Snow- den, Col. A. Loudon Snowden, Charles W. Sparhawk, Wm. Chetwood Spencer, Harris E. Sproat, Capt. Morris C. Stafford, Samuel McC. Stanton, Hon. James P. Sterrett, Capt. Andrew F. Stevens, Rev.C.Ellis Stevens,LL.D., Gen. Thomas J. Stewart, Dr. CharlesJ. Stille, Richard Wayne Stites, Gen. Robt. Newbury Stock- ton, John W. Stockwell, Hon, W. S. Stokley, Frederick D. Stone, Justus C. Strawbridge, Gen. Wm. Scudder Styrker, Hon. Edwm S. Stuart, Lieut. John T. Summerlin, U.S.A., Col. Samuel S. Sumner, U. S. A., George W. Sunderland, Hon. William L. Strong. Edward Wright Tapp, Capt. Henry Clay Taylor, U. S. N., Gen. Russell Thayer, Thomas M. Thompson, Hon. S. Gustine Thompson, Hon. Oswald Tilghman, Herbert Gray Torrey, Governor E. W. Tunnell, Dr. Chas. Peaslee Turner, Jas. Varnum Peter Turner. Hon. James M. Varnum, Major Midlein P. Veyerie. Gen. Louis Wagner, R. T. Wainwright, Capt. John M. Walton, Hon. John Wanamaker, Mayor Charles F.Warwick, Dr. Wm. Argyle Watson, Col. Perry M.Washabaugh, Major William Wayne, Henry Randall Webb, Rt. Rev. O. W. Whitaker, Col. John M. Whittemore, U. S. A., P. A. B. Widener, Grant Weidman, Col. Theo. E.Wiedersheim, Reynolds Webb Wilcox, M. D., Gen. John A. Wiley, Capt. O. E. Willey, U. S. R. C. S., Charles Sydney Winder, Hon. Robert M. Willson, Charles R. Wilson, Dr. W. Powell Willson, Hon.William M. Wiltbank, Daniel Winslow, John Edward Winslow, Capt. W. C. Wise, U. S. N. Hon. James Rankin Young. <: Q. d z Q < O K n H m (T H Z < z Q MUNICIPAL DEMONSTRATION. MUNICIPAL DEMONSTRATION. Under the auspices of a committee of Councils of Philadelphia an illuminated bicycle parade, which was reviewed by city officials in front of the monument, was given in the evening. It took the form of a pop- ular demonstration. More than ten thousand wheel- men were in line, with William W. Matos acting as chief marshal. The order of formation of the parade follows : — First Division— City Clubs. Capt. George A. Bilyeu, Marshal. First Section.-— I. Frankford Bicycle Club; 2. Pennsylvania Bicycle Club; 3. Century Wheelmen. Second Section. — i. South End Wheelmen; 2. Wissahickon Wheel- men; 3. Columbia Cyclers. Third Section.— 1. Quaker City Wheelmen; 2. Time Wheelmen; 3. Philadelphia Turner Cyclers; 4. Fairhill Wheelmen. Fourth Section. — i. Wizbet Wheelmen; 2. Penn Wheelmen; 3. C. T. A. Wheelmen; 4. Francisville Indians; 5. Waseca Wheelmen; 6. Pilot Wheelmen; 7. Tioga Wheelmen; 8. Diamond Wheelmen. Fifth Section. — i. Ferncliff Wheelmen; 2. Castle Wheelmen; 3. Ken- ilworth Wheelmen; 4. Caledonian Wheelmen. Si.x:th Section.— 1. Broad Street Station Wheelmen; 2. Schuylkill Navy Wheelmen; 3. Clover Wheelmen; 4. Liberty Wheelmen; 5. Penn Treaty Wheelmen; 6. Glenwood Wheelmen; 7. Racycle Wheelmen. Seventh Section. — i. Owl Wheelmen; 2. Rambler Wheelmen. Eighth Section. — i. Keystone Wheelmen; 2. Waverly Wheelmen; 3. Puritan Wheelmen. Ninth Section. — I. Twentieth Century Wheelmen; 2. Northeast Wheel- men; 3. Northwest Wheelmen; 4. Young Men's Business League Wheelmen. Tenth Section.— I. Chippewa Bicycle Club; 2. League Cycling Club; 3. Washington Square Wheelmen; 4. St. Stephen's Wheelmen. Eleventh Section. — i. Fayette Wheelmen; 2. Memphis Bicycle Club; 3. Brotherhood Wheelmen; 4. Alcyon Wheelmen; 5. Mason Cyclers; 6. Rheingold Wheelmen. Twelfth Section.— I. Central Y. M. C. A.; 2. West Philadelphia Y. M. C. A.; 3. Pennsylvania Railroad Y. M. C. A.; 4. Premier Cycling Club; 5. Norwood Wheelmen; 6. V/est Hope Association; 7. Athlete Wheelmen; 8. Silver Star Wheelmen; 9. Stetson Wheelmen; 10. La- fayette Wheelmen; 11. Aquinas Wheelmen; 12. Progressive Wheel- men. Second Division— Out of Town Clubs. Harold G. Gibson, Marshal. First Section. — I. Allen Wheelmen, of Allentown; 2. Chester Bicycle Club, of Chester, Pa.; 3. Norwood Wheelmen, of Norwood, Pa.; 4. Lansdowne Bicycle Club, of Lansdowne, Pa.; 5. Lawndale Wheel- men, of Lawndale, Pa. (75) 76 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. Second Section. — i. Century Wheelmen, of Camden; 2. Crescent Wheelmen, of Camden; 3. Emerson Wheelmen, of Camden; 4. Stock- ton Wheelmen, of Camden. Third Section. — i. Camden Bicycle Club; 2. Stylus Wheelmen, of Camden; 3. Egypt Club, of Camden. Third Division— Military Cyclers. Capt. H. D. Turner, Marshal. First Section. — i. Second Regiment, N. G. P., Cycle Corps; 2. Wash- ington Grays, First Regiment, N. G. P., Cycle Corps. Second Section. — i. Third Regiment, N. G. P., Cycle Corps. Third Section. — i. Battery A, N. G. P., Cycle Corps; 2. Gatling Gun Company B, N. G. N. J., Cycle Corps. Fourth Section. — Bethany Boys' Battalion Cycling Corps; 2. Temple Guard Cycling Corps; 3. Baptist Boys' Brigade Cycling Corps. Fourth Division— Cycling Organizations. H. A. Dantzebecher, Marshal. First Section.— I. Post Office Wheelmen. Second Section. — i. American Travelers' Wheelmen; 2. National Mc- Kinley and Hobart Wheelmen. Fifth Division — Schools. W. Gray Jones, Marshal. First Section. — i. Central High School Wheelmen; 2. Northeast Manual Training School Wheelmen; 3. Central Manual Training School. Sixth Division— Business Men's League. Jacob Weil, Marshal. First Section. — Company A, William Mann Company; Company B, Gimbel Brothers; Company C, N. Snellenburg & Co.; Company D, Partridge & Richardson; Company E, Sharpless Brothers; Company F, Lit Brothers; Company G, Phil. J. Walsh establishment. Second Section. — Company H, Philadelphia Inquirer; Company I, Joel J. Baily & Co.; Company J, Jacob Reed's Sons; Company K, Ab. Kirschbaum & Co.; Company L, M. Haber & Co.; Company M, M. Rosenblatt & Co.; Company N, Neverout Lamp Company; Com- pany O, Electric Storage Battery Company; Company P, Charles E. Hires Company; Company Q, Crow & Sons. Third Section. — Company R, William H. Grevemeyer & Co.; Com- pany S, Chicago Merchandise Company; Company T, Ketterlinus Lithographic Manufacturing Company; Company U, Arctic Refrig- erator Company; Company V, William Traflord Company; Company W, William H. Horstmann & Co.; Company X, Harrison Bros. & Co.; Company Y, Philadelphia Bourse; Company Z, Adams Express Company. Seventh Division — Unattached Wheelmen. R. David Porter, Marshal. This Division consisted of five sections; the first section was re- served for ladies. < d z u Q < o PQ d s- z < 2 I 00 ACTION BY THE STATE AUTHORITIES. ACTION BY THE STATE AUTHORITIES. The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania adopted a joint resolution, approved by the Governor, April 29th, 1 897, which read : — Whereas, The Society of the Cincinnati of the State of Pennsylvania will unveil a monument to General George Washington, the unfaltering Patriot of the Revolution and the first President of the United States, on the fifteenth day of May, A. D. 1897 ; And Whereas, This celebration will take the character of a national event, it being understood that the President of the United States, the Cabinet, the Governors of the adjacent States, and the Municipal author- ities of the large cities will join in this celebration ; therefore be it Resolved, That the Legislature of Pennsylvania attend the celebration in a body, and that a committee of three from the House and two from the Senate be appointed to make the necessary arrangements for the Pursuant to this resolution, a committee was ap- pointed which arranged for a visit to Philadelphia by both branches of the General Assembly and other State officials on the occasion of the unveiling of the monument. The General Assembly also adopted resolutions re- questing the Governor of the Commonwealth to pro- claim the day of the unveiling of the monument a public holiday, and in accordance with this action the following proclamation was issued. (79) 80 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. In the Name and by Authority of the Commonwealth OF Pennsylvania. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. PR O CLAM A TION. Whereas, The Pennsylvania Society of the Cincinnati have erected in the City of Philadelphia an equestrian statue of George Washington, the first President-General of the Societj' ; And Whereas, The said statue will be unveiled with appropriate ceremonies upon the fifteenth day of May, Anno Domini one thou- sand eight hundred and ninety-seven ; And Whereas, The General Assembly of the Commonwealth adopted a concurrent resolution approved this day, requesting the Governor of the Commonwealth to declare and proclaim the fifteenth day of May, one thousand eight hundred and ninetj--seven, to be a public holiday and to request the citizens of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to obser\^e the same as such, and also providing that existing laws relating to legal holidays and the maturing of commercial paper shall in nowise be affected by said resolution or this proclamation. Nozv Therefore, I, Daniel H. Hastings, Governor of tlie Common- wealth of Pennsylvania, do hereby proclaim Saturday, May 15th, A. D. 1897, to be a public holiday, in pursuance of the foregoing resolution, and I invite the citizens of Pennsylvania and the officials of all the municipalities and other subdivisions of the State Government to make the occasion worthy of the Commonwealth and of the memory of him in whose honor the monument will be dedicated. I recommend and request the people of Pennsylvania to view the said statue upon the day of its dedication and to participate in the commemorative exercises, and I especially invite the people of other States, formerly citizens of Pennsylvania or kindred with our people, to join with the residents of our Commonwealth in this celebration, and I invoke the interest and hearty co-operation of all who honor the memory of George Washington. Given under my hand and the Great Seal of the State, at the city of Harrisburg, this fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven and of the Commonwealth the one hundred and twenty-first. (GjKitSeaiofN DANIEL H HASTINGS. ^ the State. } By the Governor. Frank Reeder, Secretaty of tfie CotnmonweaUh. o o u I O z > u ffi f- z u Q W K a u X "OUR FRENCH ALLIES." "OUR FRENCH ALLIES." A feature of the ceremonies was the interest in the occasion mani- fested by representatives of the French Government. On behalf of the State Society of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania, William Macpherson Homor, Secretary of the Committee on the unveiling of the monument, went to Paris with a formal expression of the Society's keen apprecia- tion of the services of the French in- the establishment of our Republic and conveying to M. Jules Faure, the President of the French Republic, an invitation to be present at the unveiling of the monument. Mr. Hor- nor also bore a commission from his Honor, Mayor Charles F. Warwick, extending most cordial greetings from the municipality of Philadelphia to the French nation and expressing the hope that the invitation of the State Society of the Cincinnati would be accepted by President Faure. The representative of the Society of the Cincinnati was graciously re- ceived, and while the requirements of his official duties made it impos- sible for him to accept the invitation personally. President Faure com- missioned the Ambassador of his Government at Washington, D. C, M. Patenotre, to reply in his name, which he did, in a cordial letter written in French to the Chairman of the Committee on the unveiling, of which the following is a translation :— , Embassy of the French Republic IN THE United States. Washington, May nth, 1897. Sir :— The President of the French Republic directs me to send to the Society of the Cincinnati the expression of his gratitude for the very Icind invitation which it has been good enough to send him for the occasion of the dedication of the monument, which it proposes to present in a few days to the city of Philadelphia. M. Faure could not help being sensible of the sentiments of international cordiality which inspired you in asso- ciating him with the celebration of that patriotic event. I am happy to thank you for it in his name and to transmit to your Society the assur- ances of his sympathies. Please accept the assurances of my most distinguished consideration. PATENOTRE. To Mr. John Biddle Porter, 1529 Spruce Street, Philadelphia. The dispatching of the French aviso "Fulton" to Philadelphia to participate in the ceremonies, the presence at the unveiling of the mon- ument of Ambassador Patenotre, and his responding to a toast at the dinner of the Society of the Cincinnati, and the formal recognition of the occasion by the local French society were noteworthy evidences of interest in the event. (83) TRUSTEES OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT FUND AND MEMBERS OF THE STATE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI OF PENNSYLVANIA. TRUSTEES OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT FUND. The following members of the State Society of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania have served as members of the Committee of the Washington Monument, afterwards called Trustees of the Washington Monu- o ment Fund : — David Lenox, Richard Peters, William Jackson, Charles BiDDLE, and Horace Binney, July 4th, 1810, "appointed a commit- tee for the above purposes." Rev. Dr. William Rogers, July 4th, 1S23, substituted a member of the committee in place of Charles Biddle, Esq., deceased. Alexander W. Johnston, July 4th, 1S25, appointed a member of the committee in place of the Rev. Dr. William Rogers, deceased. Callender Irvine, July 4th, 1828, appointed a trustee of the Washington Monument Fund in place of David Lenox, deceased. John Steele and Isaac Wayne, July 4th, 1S29, appointed trustees to fill vacancies. John R. Latimer, July 4th, 1S42, trustee in place of Callender Ir\'ine, deceased. Thomas Robinson, July 4th, 1853, elected trustee in place of Isaac Wayne, deceased. John H. Markland and James Schott, July 4th, 1S54, elected trustees in place of John Steele and Thomas Robinson, deceased. Thojias McEuen and Robert Adams, July 4th, 1S61, elected trustees in place of Alexander W. Johnston and John H. Markland, deceased. William A. Irvine, July 4th, 1S65, elected trustee in place of John R. Latimer, deceased. Harris L. Sproat and William G. Caldwell, November 29th, 1870, elected trustees in place of Horace Binney, resigned, and James Schott, deceased. Richard Dale, July 4th, 1S72, elected trustee in place of Harris L. Sproat, deceased. George W. Harris and William Wayne, July 4th, 1873, elected trustees in place of William G. Caldwell and Thomas McEuen, de- ceased. Grant Weidman, February 6th, 1884, elected trustee in place of George W. Harris, deceased. Francis M. Caldwell, July 4th, 1S84, elected trustee in place of Robert Adams, resigned. Charles P. Turner, M. D., February 22d, 1887, elected trustee in place of William A. Irvine, deceased. Harris E. Sproat, November loth, 1895, elected trustee in place of Grant Weidman, deceased. (S7) 88 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY. The list of members of the State Society of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania on the date of the unveil- ing of the monument : — Peleg Hall, William Wayne, James Glentworth, Major-Gen. Wm. B. Franklin, George L. Markland, Frank P. Muhlenberg, Robert Coltman, M. D., Richard Dale, Capt. William S. Robinson, Richard Somers Hayes, Charles P. Turner, M. D., Francis M. Caldwell, Benjamin Bartholomew, Tilghman Johnston, Charles B. Alexander, William Mifflin, Edmund H. McCullough, Harris E. Sproat, David R. Smith, Francis Buck McDowell, M.D., First Lieut. Wm. A. Nichols, John Biddle Porter, Charles Nicholson, W. P. Magaw, William W. Bruner, James C. Barclay, Henr Baeder Wood, William Johnson Binney, William Macpherson Hornor, William W. Porter, Henry Williams Biddle, Charles J. Pugh, William Benjamin Jackson, Lawrence Lewis Butler, Samuel McCoskey Stanton, John Morton Davis, Sanderson Reed, Thomas Mitchell, Isaac Craig, Edward Nicoll Dickerson, J. B. Livingston, Robert Shoemaker Jackson, George Totten Smith, Walter Stewart Church, Robert Adams, Jr., Henry Sage Linn, Washington J. Peale, Reading Beatty, William H. Egle, M. D., William H. St. Clair, M. D., William M. Shaffner, Grant Weidman. Honorary Members. Gen. Benjamin Harrison, Brevet Major-Gen. Galusha Pennypacker, U. S. a.. Dr. Charles E. Cadwalader, Charles J. Stille, LL. D., Hon. James T. Mitchell, Dr. Alonzo H. Sylvester, His Excellency William Mc- KlNLEY. COMMITTEES ARRANGEMENTS. COMMITTEES OF ARRANGEMENTS. The arrangements for the ceremonies attendant f* upon the unveiling of the monument were made by a y committee of the State Society of the Cincinnati of i^ Pennsylvania, composed of Col. John Biddle Porter, Chairman ; William Macpherson Hornor, Secretary; *^ Harris E. Sproat, Treasurer ; and Major William Wayne, Richard Dale, Esq., Francis Marinus Cald- (^ well, Esq., Charles Peaslee Turner, M. D., William T\ W. Porter, Esq., and Major-General Galusha Penny- S packer. A joint special committee of Select and Common Councils was appointed to " make suitable arrange- ments for the City of Philadelphia to participate in the ceremonies incident to the unveiling of the Wash- ington Monument." This committee consisted of: — Henry Clay, Esq., Chairman, Franklin M. Harris, Esq., George W. Sunderland, Esq., William McMul- len, Esq., Edward W. Patton, Esq., Col. William W. Allen, David S. B. Chew, Esq., Jacob J. Seeds, Esq., William R. Knight, Jr., Esq., Charles F. Iseminger, Esq., and James L. Miles and Wencel Hartman, Pres- idents of Select and Common Councils, respectively, with Joseph H. Paist, Secretary ; James Franklin, Sergeant at Arms ; and Harold Godfrey, Stenog- rapher. A committee of the citizens of Philadelphia was ap- pointed by Mayor Charles F. Warwick to co-operate with the municipal authorities in arranging for a suit- able observance of the occasion on the part of the City. The committee organized by the election of Mayor Warwick Chairman, and Col. Theodore E. (9O 92 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. Wiedersheim Secretary, and an executive committee w^as formed w^ith Col. R. Dale Benson, Chairman, and George J. Brennan, Secretary. C. Stuart Patterson, Esq., was elected Chairman of a sub-committee which was delegated to go to Washington, representing the citizens of Philadelphia, to urge the President and other distinguished guests to accept the invitation of the State Society of the Cincinnati to be present. The membership of the citizens' committee included the following : — Watson Ambruster, Esq., Col. R. Dale Benson, James M. Beck, Esq., Rudolph Blankenburg, Esq., Col. Wendell P. Bowman, Major Thurber T. Brazer, John Cadwalader, Esq., Edwin S. Cramp, Esq., L. Clark Davis, Esq., Col. Robert S. Davis, Thomas Dolan, Esq., William L. Elkins, Esq., John H. Fow, Esq., Howard B. French, Esq., Joseph E. Gillingham, Esq., Col. J. Lewis Good, Simon Gratz, Esq., Major H. C. Groome, George S. Graham, Esq., Charles C. Harrison, Esq., Col. Charles H. Howell, Joseph S. Harris, Esq., John L. Kinsey, Esq., Major William H. Lambert, Henry J. McCarthy, Esq., Col. Alexander K. McClure, William L. McLean, Esq., James McManes, Esq., Col. Clayton McMichael, Col. Edward Morrell, Richard G. Oellers, Esq., C. Stuart Patterson, Esq., Dr. William Pepper, James Pollock, Esq., Charles A. Porter, Esq., Col. John Biddle Porter, Col. Robert Ralston, John R. Read, Esq., Max Riebenack, Esq., Frank M. Riter, Esq., William J. Roney, Esq., John Sartain, Esq., William M. Singerly, Esq., Charles Emory Smith, Esq., Col. A. Loudon Snowden, Edwin S. Stuart, Esq., Capt. Andrew F. Stevens, Justus C. Strawbridge, Esq., Sam'l Gustine Thompson, Esq., Thomas M. Thompson, Esq., Frank Thomson, Esq., Gen. Louis Wagner, John Wanamaker, Esq., Capt. John M. Walton, Barclay H. Warburton, Esq., P. A. B. Widener, Esq., Col. Theo. E. Wiedersheim. w , O " " " » ^:^^' % ^°.-^k> ./*:^^'% ^°,'^K>- J^^'Jr}i^^\ '^0 j'^-^.. « ^ [ r» .^ % ^> ^^ ,^. • ^ A^ ♦J