GopyiiglitE^. mM''' DR. LAUR LARSEN Luther College Through Sixty Years 1861 - ig2i X By THE LUTHER COLLEGE FACULTY Editorial Committee: O. M. NORLIE - O. A. TINGELSTAD - KARL T. JACOBSEN "^ PRESS OF AUGSBURG PUBLISHING HOUSE MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. 1922 ,u ^^ ^s COPYRIGHT 1922 LUTHER COLLEGE FACULTY SEP i b rj2j ©C1A760370 PREFACE LUTHER COLLEGE has had a definite aim and has rendered a very definite service. It has stood for sound Biblical doc- trine, and on this basis has furnished many well educated ministers and teachers for the Church. It has thus been a very important factor in the development of the Norwegian Lutheran Church in this country. It has given its students a knowledge of the cultural and spiritual heritage which they have received from their fore- fathers and has thus added to their strength of character and individuality and made them better American citizens than they would have been had they known less of the roots from which they have sprung. It has stood for a thorough classical training; and, though providing for the study of the natural sciences, has empha- sized the study of languages, history, human thought and art, and human institutions, in a time of great uncertainty in college edu- cation. It has pursued its policy in the face of great temptation to yield to the spirit of the time, and has produced a body of alumni who have exerted a widespread influence and have been a distinct credit to their Alma Mater and the people of Norwegian extraction in this country. In view of these things, it is quite appropriate that a history of Luther College, such as is herewith presented, should be pub- lished at this time. It is not the first history of the College that has been written. A number of sketches and histories of the College have been published from time to time, but only one of these histories has attempted to give a detailed account of the work done at the institution. This is Prof. Gisle Bothne's "Det Norske Luther College," written in the Norwegian language and published in 1897. It is a very interesting and valuable work; but, naturally, it contains no account of the development of the College during the last quarter of a century. "Luther College Through Sixty Years" gives the history of the College from the time of its origin to the conclusion of the sixtieth anniversary festivities, and contains material pertaining to the College that is not to be found elsewhere in the form in which it is here presented. A very readable history of the College could be written, made up of accounts of interesting episodes and the many events that have taken place on the College campus. It was decided, however, not to make this volume a history of that character, but to make it a source of information pertaining to the serious work of the institution. As such it should prove valuable to all who for any reason are interested in the College, to all who are interested in the history of the Lutheran Church in this country, to all who are interested in the history of the people of Norwegian extraction in this country, and to all who are interested in the development of higher education in this countr}' during the last sixty years. J'he volume is the joint product of the men who constituted the College faculty in the year 1921-1922, the "Sixtieth Anniversary Year"; but special credit is due the editorial staff, consisting of Professors O. M. Norlie, O. A. Tingelstad, and K. T. Jacobsen, who planned the work, read proof, and supervised the publication. All this they have done in addition to preparing their own chapters and performing other duties which would ordinarily be regarded as sufficient to occupy the time of a busy man. The volume contains more than 250 illustrations, which have been selected for their general interest and historical value, and which the reader will no doubt regard as an important feature of the book. It is hoped that the value of the volume will prove commensurate with the labor required to prepare it, and that it may serve as a useful work of historical reference. Oscar L. Olson. Luther College, Decorah, Iowa, July 12, 1922. CONTENTS PAGE Cover Desigx — Ivan Doseff Chapter One — The Foundation of Luther College — W. Sihler . . 9 Chapter Two — Religious Aim and Character — O. M. Norlie ... 24 Chapter Three — Government and Administration — D. T. Nelson . 48 Chapter Four — Presidents and Principals — Francis E. Peterson . . 64 Chapter Five — Faculty — 0. A. Tingelstad 88 Chapter Six — School Plant — Francis E. Peterson 142 Chapter Seven — Library and Museum — Karl T. Jacobsen .... 159 Chapter Eight — Income — K. O. Eittreim 170 Chapter Nike — Expenditures — O. M. Eittreim 177 Chapter Ten— The Field of Luther College— if. O. Talle . . . .184 Chapter Eleven — Attendance — 8. 8. Reque 202 Chapter Twelve — Organization — L. A. Moe 2G0 Chapter Thirteen — Instruction — A. M. Rovehtad 275 Chapter Fourteen — Student Organizations — Carl W. 8trom . . . 309 Chapter Fifteen— Athletics and Military Drill — O. W. Qualley . . 328 Chapter Sixteen — Music — C N. Evanson 861 Chapter Seventeen — Important Events — Knut Gjerset 382 Chapter Eighteen — Sixtieth Anniversary — Carlo A. Sperati . . . 398 Chapter Nineteen — Graduates — M. H. Trytten 411 Chapter Twenty — Luther College Graduates and Undergraduates in Church Work — Brynjolf J. Hovde 433 Chapter Twenty-One — Retrospect and Prospect — Oscar L. Olson . 468 Bibliography — O. M. Norlie 485 Chronological Summary — O. A. Tingelstad 488 Index — Karl T. Jacobsen 491 CHAPTER ONE THE FOUNDATION OF LUTHER COLLEGE W. SiHLER THE last of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century saw rationalism, with its God the mere product of the human brain, gradually ebb away. A deeper philosophy arose, and the troubles of the times, which culminated in the French Revolu- tion and Napoleon's tyrannies, awakened a deeper religious con- sciousness. This reaction occurred wherever rationalism had held sway, also in Norway, which had not escaped its influences. Among the lay people these religious longings found their spokesman in Hans Nielsen Hauge; but also the seats of learning, where theologians and clergymen were prepared for their responsible positions, be- came imbued with a new life which was to find its reflection on the prairies and in the woods of North America. We recognize therein God's finger and rejoice that at about the time of this awakening the interest in the New World had entered the houses and huts of many people who were destined to play over here a part which no one would have dreamed of some years be- fore. It is well known that many Norwegians found their way into this country long before the nineteenth century, through their many mercantile connections, especially through Holland. These people, however, were soon absorbed, and their history is traced only with difficulty. If we look for the influences which caused an immigration which became really monumental, we are introduced to the name of Cleng Peerson, the adventurous, untiring pioneer from Stavanger, Norway. Space does not permit going into details about Cleng Peerson's burning desire to learn all that could at that time be known about this country. It is evident that no hardships could deter him. He covered thousands of miles on foot, walking through the wilds of western New York, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Missouri, Iowa, Texas, and the intervening states, eager to make his own observations. During these periods he was in communication with friends in Norway and persuaded a number of them to attempt a settlement in the western part of New York. There is no evidence 10 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS that he ever acted from selfish motives. He was ever ready with the best he had, good advice gained from personal experience. The times in Norway had been hard in the first part of the nineteenth century, and so the people who came in the year 1825 and the following years, mostly on the urgent invitation of Cleng Peerson, were well prepared for their arduous task as pioneers. They brought to America strong arms, a willingness to work, and a deep-seated piety. It will be well, especially for the younger generation, to con- template the setting of this historical spectacle. No century has seen such wonderful progress in making life easier, though per- haps not happier, as has the nineteenth century. Hundreds of conveniences which are demanded to-day as a matter of course, were unknown to these pioneers: for example, matches, lamps, stoves, lead-pencils, steel pens, wagon-springs. Transportation was by the slowest means. Small ships that often were on the way for over a hundred days brought the people to these shores. On board these ships the voj^agers slept in holes, had to board themselves with fare that had become very old, and drink water that would not go down unless the consumer would hold his nose at the same time. Only a few arrived who had not encountered storms that often took them out of their course for weeks at a time. And when they finally did set their feet on firm land, there were other inconveniences that awaited them. The ox-teams walked no faster than they always had, and the wood in the wagon-boxes was as hard as ever. Stations, if they did exist, were far apart and often found only by accident. The inclemencies of the weather had to be endured under the open sky, and a dry place for a night's rest was often a godsend. Not only had these pioneers stout hearts, but they also pos- sessed a piety which gave to them solace in many dark hours and upheld that faith with which they began to lay the foundations for the beautiful things which now show forth their ideals. Between the 3'ear of Cleng Peerson's coming (1821) and the year 1840 the stream of immigrants became wider and wider; after depositing a settlement on the Fox River, LaSalle Co., Illinois, this stream divided and spread out into Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota. Some of the settlements were not made in favored places, and sickness became a very great trial, almost too severe for the courage and faith of the newcomers. Thus the settlement at Muskego, Wisconsin, has many sad pages in its first chapters. Yet these setbacks were only temporary and were gradually conquered. THE FOUNDATION OF LUTHER COLLEGE 11 and many new colonies grew and prospered in more favorable local- ities. When a pioneer takes along from his home his Bible and his hymn book he takes with him a mighty chain which anchors him to a better world that is not stationary but follows him wherever he goes. And we know that most of the early immigrants who left old Mother Norway took good care to carry this chain with them. In many instances their desire for new surroundings was coupled with longings for a more ideal world than the one in which they lived. Thus sprang up in many localities through gatherings, mostly on Sundays, what turned out to be the nucleus of later congregations. Such meetings gladly welcomed persons of Chris- tian experience who could expound to their hearers those things that they longed for in their spiritual life. We find such men who felt the call to exhort their fellow Christians going from place to place. Among these must be men- tioned the one who became especially well known, Elling Eielsen. He was the first layman to assume notable spiritual leadership, and he became the first ordained minister among the Norwegian pioneers. The spiritual life in many of these circles was based very strongly on personal experiences and the isolation in the country was not felt as keenly by the people of these tendencies as it was felt by many others who had not come under the influence of Hauge and his followers, but among whom the thought of the church in Norway with its many associations awakened deep longings for things enjoyed at home, partly social, and partly of a deeper nature. These people were not satisfied with the exhortations of laymen, but had in mind the possibility of establishing here all the outward things with which their religious life was bound up. The first man who was impressed with the necessity of meeting these wants was C. L. Clausen. Clausen came to America, to Muskego, with the intention of helping in school work as it was carried on in Norway, but soon realized that such work lacked entirely the religious background to which he had been accustomed. He clearly saw that it was out of the question without congrega- tions, and that the spiritual needs of the older people required first attention. Accordingly Clausen, though somewhat reluctantly, was per- suaded to seek ordination by an acknowledged Lutheran minister. This ordination was performed by Rev. L. F. E. Krause on the eighteenth of October, 1843. Clausen thus became available as a minister of the Gospel for the first settlers and immediately began 12 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS his work, making his headquarters in the district around Muskego, Wisconsin. In the same month in which C. L. Clausen was ordained in America, October, 184-3, the king of Norway issued a permit by which the man in Norway was to be ordained who may be called the first direct link which bound together the Lutheran Church in Norway and the Norwegian Lutheran Church in America. The name of the man who had asked for an ordination in Norway was J. W. C. Dietrichson. His coming here was due to the in- fluence of P. S0rensen, a Godfearing fuller of Christiania, whose thoughts often turned to the spiritual needs of his fellow Chris- tians in America. Dietrichson had met this man and had been offered by liim the money needed for a trip to America besides C. L. CLAUSEN J. W. C. DIETRICHSON H. A. STUB further support if he would be willing to go there as an ordained minister, to help the scattered settlers organize their religious af- fairs. The offer was gladly accepted, and the plans of S0rensen were carried out. On the ninth of July, 1844, we find Dietrichson in New York getting ready for his trip into the interior. His first stop is at Muskego with Rev. C. L. Clausen, at whose advice he goes further west and visits the settlements near Madison, called by the Indian name Koshkonong. Here he begins his minis- terial work on a somewhat extensive scale. The beginnings were humble enough. His first two sermons were preached August 28, 1844, in a cattle-shed on A. E. Hornefj eld's farm. East Kosh- konong; and the third sermon was delivered September 2, 1844, under two oaks on Aslak Juve's farm. West Koshkonong. This latter event has been commemorated by a suitable monument. Other congregations were founded in quick succession and soon became large and strong, and fortunately they did not have to wait so very long for shepherds, because the call of the Lord had reached the hearts of men who were destined to spend their strength on the new fields in America. THE FOUNDATION OF LUTHER COLLEGE 13 Space forbids going into details. But let us pause for a mo- ment and consider the sacrifices of these men. Most of them came from surroundings where culture, education, and comfort- able circumstances had smoothened over the hardships of life. Their associations had developed in them an appreciation of the many beautiful and good things that come with a more advanced civilization, such as books, music, educated friends, schools, and other comforts. To all these things they say farewell, willing to take what may come, prepared to share all the hardships of their charges, gladly sacrificing things whose loss many a newcomer did not feel, because he had never been accustomed to them. Viewed in that light these pioneer ministers and their wives are seen to have been cast in a heroic mold, and their love for the Kingdom A. C. PREUS t>. DIETRICHSON J. A. OTTESEN of Heaven shines all the brighter through their sacrifices. In many ways the present generation can comprehend this much better than did the people whom they came to serve. The first in this number was Rev. H. A. Stub, who arrived in 1848 and took charge of the congregation at Muskego as Clausen's successor. Next came Rev. A. C. Preus, who began his work at Koshkonong. Soon thereafter arrived three men whom God's call had reached in various ways to begin their labors which were to bear such blessed fruits. Their names are: H. A. Preus, N. Brandt, and G. Dietrichson. About the time of their arrival they found that the first three, Clausen, Stub, and A. C. Preus, had taken the first steps toward establishing closer relations between the congregations. As in everything that is built from the bottom, great difficulties had to be overcome herein. The first call for such a meeting where the forming of a synod mi !;ht be discussed was sent out in 1849, but there was no response In 1851, however, a meeting was held in the midst of winter, to which came Clausen, Stub, and A. C. Preus. 14 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS The organization which was called into being was named "Den Norsk-Evangelisk-Lutherske Kirke i Amerika." This body did not live long. In the following year it was dissolved at a meeting which was attended by six ministers and thirty-six lay delegates in the church at Muskego, but steps were immediately taken for the creation of another synod which was founded in the next year, in October, 1853, at a place with a very appropriate name: Luther Valley, in Wisconsin, near Beloit. On the 3rd of October, 1853, was thus born what went by the name of "Den Norske Synode". HERMAN AMBERG PREUS Thirty-eight congregations took part in its founding and seven clergymen belonged to it from its beginning. The seventh in ad- dition to those mentioned was J. A. Ottesen, who had just then arrived. We have alluded to the hardships of these men and the sacrifices which they made, but we may envy them too. They had the privilege of laying the foundation for a glorious structure, and that is something that does not fall to the lot of many. Meanwhile the stream of settlers continued to come, and the problem of their spiritual care rose up like a mountain; but the men who might come from Norway with a helping hand to undertake this task were few and far between. The quality of these men often had to make up for the quantity. Two months after the Norwegian Synod had been founded there appeared on THE FOUNDATION OF LUTHER COLLEGE 15 the scene such a man who became a great force in furthering the work so well begun. This man was V. Koren, who preached his first Christmas sermon at a place where he was to preach for 57 years, namely, Washington Prairie, Winneshiek County, Iowa. He was to take a leading part in founding the institution that is commemorated in this book. Everyone of these men who were now working among the Nor- wegian settlers realized daily that more helpers must be put in the great harvest-field. The danger of spiritual neglect was very manifest, and no one knew this better than the ministers, because each one was trying to do the work of two or more men. The ap- peals to Norway had not been very successful, and a clearer under- standing of their surroundings convinced them that help must come from within, and that was the same as saying: We must erect a school of our own and train the men of our midst to undertake the work which is so sadly neglected. They comprehended the problem very clearly, and a strong will was there. But was it possible to undertake the building of a school under such circum- stances? Such undertakings were entirely outside of the sphere of their experience, and the many things to be considered, with the responsibility involved, demanded caution. Under such deliberations the question arose, whether, to be- gin with, the schools of other Lutheran bodies might not relieve the situation, at least for some time, by having some helpers trained there. Accordingly two men, Ottesen and Brandt, were entrusted with the mission of becoming acquainted with other Luth- erans and their schools. During their trips they visited the house of the father of the writer, who was not yet born, and there sprang up a lasting friendship, whose memory has always been dear to his family and makes a bright page in its history. If it had not been for this visit, these pages would have been written by someone else. The institutions of the Missouri Synod at St. Louis under Dr. C. F. W. Walther and at Ft. Wayne under Dr. W. Sihler appealed most strongly to the emissaries, and to these schools were sent the first volunteers. The bonds became closer when it was also decided to have a representative of the Norwegian Synod as a teacher at one of them. After due deliberations the position was offered to Rev. Laur. Larsen, who left Norway a few years before and was busy as the pastor of various congregations. He gives as the date of the beginning of his duties as professor at Concordia Seminary at St. Louis the fourteenth of October, 1859. Naturally this was to be only a makeshift. The great idea was : Our own school, the sooner, the better. Plans were soon evolved that should bring them to this goal. 16 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Immediately steps were taken to create a fund by means of which they would finally realize what they had wished and prayed for so long, and no matter how much they might differ as to minor matters, all voted to establish a Norwegian Lutheran school and to begin at once to raise the necessary funds. Fifty thousand dollars was thought to be necessary to accom- plish this purpose. If under the present circumstances the Synod would call for five millions, some people might be shocked, but fifty thousand in those times was certainly very much more. It is well to dwell on this for a few moments, because the spirit of sacrifice is best kindled by contemplating the doings of those who really have made sacrifices. The first collections for the fund were begun in 1857, and in 1859 the Synod was urged to all possible efforts to have the school erected within three years. Though money was coming in slowly, this thought had taken such a firm hold that no one would wait until the $50,000 was in sight, but a beginning was to be made in the hope that the rest would be contributed as soon as the founda- tions were laid. At that time about $19,000 was available, and matters began to assume a definite shape. At a meeting of the Synod in Luther Valley in June, 1861, the location for the College was chosen. It was to be the plot of thirty acres on a slope in the northwestern part of the city of Decorah, Iowa, a spot so many Norwegians know and admire because of the beautiful natural surroundings which one never tires of gazing at and which have a new dress for every season. This piece of ground had been secured by Rev. V. Koren from its owner, a Quaker, for the sum of $1,500. At the same time a committee of five had been appointed to secure an architect and take all the necessary steps to insure the continuation of the work, when once begun. The plans were to be submitted to the Church Council, which again was to send them to the ministers and the congregations, and after everyone had had a chance to have his say, the Council would make the final decision. While these plans were being developed and matured, the Civil War broke out in the spring of 1861, and St. Louis became a place where feeling ran high, hence there was a reluctance about continuing the arrangement with the Missouri Synod for the ac- commodation of the Norwegian students. Something had to be done very soon for the students who were ready to go to a school which the Synod had promised. After various proposals had been considered, a temporary home was found in the parsonage at Halfway Creek, La Crosse THE FOUNDATION OF LUTHER COLLEGE 17 County, Wisconsin, It was believed that this would be the best arrangement, since it would be cheaper than renting rooms in Decorah. A description of this building and its accommodations ULRIK VILHELM KOREN is available and to be recommended to people who are inclined to complain. One feature, however, it did have that appeals to persons not very fond of exercise. The boys studied, slept, and recited in the same room. The teaching force consisted of Rev. 18 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Laur. Larsen and Rev. F. A. Schmidt, both of whom, with their families, occupied the one building. Eleven students attended at one time and were divided into two classes ; the upper class had five members and the lower one six in different stages of develop- ment. In all, sixteen different students attended for longer or shorter periods in the course of that first year. Such was the beginning of Luther College. After a prosperous life of sixty years it is with great satisfaction that it looks back at those humble beginnings. However, its stay at Halfway Creek was to be for only one year, and the writer has never heard regrets that it was not longer. It was a wise move that brought the College to Decorah in 1862, where its final location was to be, since this helped to crystallize the interest in it in the constituency from which the greatest sup- port was to come. So, on the eighth of September, 1862, we find it at Decorah in a building which is now occupied by the St. Cloud Hotel. This building had become the property of the Synod chiefly through the good offices of Rev. V. Koren. A description of this building shows that Luther College is going forward. Only one teacher. Prof. Larsen, has to live with the boys in this building. He even has a study or office for himself. The number of students has now risen to 32. To accommodate more the next year, the erection of a building to the west of what is now the St. Cloud was decided upon in June, 1863, by the Synod meeting at Rock River, Wisconsin. The appointment of new teachers for the new classes was also authorized. The man first thought of was not to be had, there- fore the work was put temporarily in charge of a student, J. D. Jacobsen, who became the third man on the faculty, in the year 1863. This arrangement was to continue until a teacher could be found by Rev. J. A. Ottesen who was getting ready to go to Nor- way in that year. Rev. Ottesen was successful and returned with L. Siewers, who relieved J. D. Jacobsen the next year. In the fall of 1863 we find 49 students in attendance, all of them waiting anxiously for the completion of that building which had been authorized to relieve the congestion in the Main Build- ing, so called. But they had to wait until New Year before they could move in. One would imagine that the completion of a new building would arouse feelings of pleasure, but that seems not to have been the case. Soon after its coming into use the new home received the name of "Huttetu", a word which is very hard to translate. If one should venture a translation of its meaning, the sentiment might be expressed with these words : Leave all hope behind, ye who enter here. THE FOUNDATION OF LUTHER COLLEGE 19 While these things were taking place, the work on the real College had been begun and was steadily progressing. The plans had been ready as early as 1862. To many who had examined them the building seemed entirely too large, but the wisdom of the com- mittee that had adopted these plans was proven before many years had gone by. Early in 1863 a contract had been signed for making 1,800,000 bricks on the college grounds, and half a million were ready by fall. The bricks were made on the campus, just east of the north wing of the College. By the middle of June, 1864, the cellar had been excavated and most of the foundation had been laid, so that the date for the laying of the corner-stone could be set for the thir- tieth of June, 1864. This eventful day was celebrated amid the rejoicings of many people with impressive ceremonies in the presence of the delegates of the Synod and many visitors from far and near, also from the German brethren. During the next months the building began to rise inch by inch, the making of bricks was continued with all possible speed, because the contractor of the masonry had promised to have his work com- pleted by the fifteenth of October. But there came a hitch which had not been foreseen. As so often happens, the contractor did not intend to carry out the speci- fications of the architect. When this was insisted on by the over- seers that had been sent by the architect, the contractor chose to leave, and new men had to be secured from Chicago to finish what was left according to specifications of the architect. Very favor- able weather helped the work along, and by the end of October the walls were ready for the carpenters who were to put on the roof. Then came another disappointment. On the eighth of November the snow began to fall and, contrary to the usual experience, real winter came along with this snow. The cold weather was so con- tinuous that the idea of putting on a permanent roof had to be given up. Things were covered up as well as possible and left to rest till spring might come. It did come, but very late, and work on the building could not be resumed before the twenty-fourth of April, 1865. New difficulties had to be overcome almost every month, and the patience of everybody was hard tried; the progress was not at all steady. The lumber was not delivered in time, some of it was not well seasoned, the window-frames did not fit, the glass could not be furnished when wanted. These things surely tested the patience and faith of those most interested in seeing the building completed by the first of September. This indeed B THE FOUNDATION OF LUTHER COLLEGE 21 was not to be^ because the glass did not arrive before the nine- teenth of September. Now, at last, the final work, the painting, could be thought of, and though it was begun as soon as possible it was not completed till after the dedication, which could not be postponed any longer. Many people throughout the Synod know on what day this joy- ful event was to be celebrated, the fourteenth of October, 1865. By far the greatest number of those who took part in the celebration of the dedication are no longer among us. Those who realized what this day meant were the pioneers who had been wait- ing for it many weary years. They had dreamt of such a school, they had talked about it, they understood its significance, they had prayed for it. Many a father and mother for whom the Lutheran religion was the most precious inheritance from abroad heaved a sigh of relief when invited to participate in the dedica- tion of a building from which the men were to go out to whom their own and their children's spiritual welfare might safely be entrusted. So, when the fourteenth of October dawned, the town of De- corah was alive with people from all Norwegian settlements anx- ious to take part in the celebration. This was to begin with a solemn procession from the temporary quarters of the institution near the court-house, which is about a mile from the college grounds. A longer procession has probably never been seen in the city of Decorah, because it is told that when the head of the pro- cession reached the new building many of those who were to take part had not started to take their places in the line. Never before had so many Norwegians been together in one place in America. All ages, all localities where Norwegians had settled, were re- presented. The festival program consisted in the singing of hymns of praise and thanksgiving; an opening prayer by Rev. N. Brandt, the dedication address by Rev. H. A. Preus, and addresses by Rev. V. Koren and Prof. Laur. Larsen, all in Norwegian; addresses by Prof. F. A. Schmidt and Prof. Lange (of Ft. Wayne, Ind.), in English; an address by Prof. Brauer (of St. Louis), in German; and a closing prayer by Rev. J. A. Ottesen, in Norwegian. The people were fed at long tables arranged in the rear of the new building. Nearly 6,000 visitors were supposed to have been pres- ent. When we compare the number of people who now are in the Synod with the number then belonging to that body, it is not difficult to see how great was the enthusiasm which this event had called forth. 22 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS When the sun had set and darkness had settled over the sur- rounding hills, the building shone forth in its splendid illumina- tion, the first that most people present had ever seen; and if we now in spirit take our place by the side of the onlookers, we can almost hear their hearts beat with emotions that do not often come to mortals. "At last — yes, at last! Is what we see real, or is it only a phantom which will disappear when the lights have burnt down? — No, it is real. How could that for which we toiled and prayed so REFLECTIONS many years be only a vision? No, it is real, it is the fruit of the best that there is in us. Thanks be to God forever!" We have now come to the end of our chapter. But before we close, let us pause for a moment and ponder. What does this building, or rather Luther College, represent? There are many Norwegians in America, but there are not many Luther colleges. Why not? An answer to this will help us to understand what Luther College represents. This College was not founded to gather earthly wisdom which might increase our material welfare. It was not built to increase the sum of knowl- edge for its own sake. It was built because its founders had visions that go beyond what is measured with clocks and yardsticks. They THE FOUNDATION OF LUTHER COLLEGE 23 felt that on themselves rested a heavy responsibility. They must hand down to their children the best that could be given them, true faith in the Christian religion. And while this was the main issue, they were justly proud of many other privileges and ad- vantages under which they had lived in the old home and whose significance they now realized more than ever and which they wished to preserve for their children. Such sentiments were the impelling forces which accomplished what will seem marvelous to one who tries fully to understand the history of the founding of Luther College. But marveling is not sufficient. If the descendants of these whole-souled, sturdy pioneers cannot be so inspired as to be willing to take up the work where it was laid down by their forebears, they had better not claim descent from them, because they are in danger of not being deemed worthy of having had such ancestors. SIXTY YEARS LATER CHAPTER TWO RELIGIOUS AIM AND CHARACTER 0. M. NORLIE 1. Stated Aim 1. The "University" Resolution IN 1855 the Synod for the Norwegian Lutheran Church in America (commonly known as the Norwegian Synod) assembled in convention at Spring Prairie, Wis., discussed the problem of getting pastors and teachers. It was clear to all that the harvest truly was great, but the laborers few. It was equally clear that the Synod could not expect to get a sufficient number of laborers from the Church of Norway. To get Lutheran pastors and teachers from the state schools was out of the question. The convention therefore appointed the Reverends J. A. Ottesen and N. O. Brandt a committee to visit the German Lutheran schools in this country, and to investigate whether it might be possible to establish a Nor- wegian chair in theology at one of these. Two years later, in October, 1857, this committee reported to the Synod, in convention assembled at Little Iowa Church, near Decorah, Iowa. On the basis of this report two resolutions were adopted : 1. To establish a Norwegian professorship at Concordia Sem- inary, St. Louis, Mo., of the German Missouri Synod; 2. To establish a Norwegian Lutheran institution, a "univers- ity", as they called it, and to begin at once to raise the necessary funds. There were at least three reasons why the prospective school was called a university : 1. The leaders of the Norwegian Synod had been trained at the University of Christiania, and hoped to model their school after this institution. 2. The Norwegian Lutherans that had joined the Northern Illinois Synod had together with the Swedish and English Lu- therans of that Synod in 1852 founded a school that was known for many years as the Illinois State University. 3. The Norwegian Synod men really intended to build a school that should have at least seminary and normal departments besides college and preparatory courses. RELIGIOUS AIM AND CHARACTER 25 For 20 years the school was frequently referred to as the uni- versity. The fund that was to be raised was known as the "Uni- versity Fund" (of. "Kirkelig Maanedstidende", 1857, 490; 1862, 32; 1869, 15; 1873, 78; and many other places). The idea that the school should be a university, at least in so far that it should have a theological department, seemed to die hard. Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, served as a seminary for the Norwegian Synod from 1859 to 1876 and about 100 young men had been trained there for the Norwegian ministry in those years. Seven had also been trained at Concordia Seminary, Springfield, 111. Dr. H. G. Stub says that the idea of having a Norwegian Lu- theran Seminary is as old as the Norwegian Synod itself (Halvor- sen's "Festskrift", 14<4<). The connection with the Missourian schools was only a temporary makeshift. In 1861 the connection was about to have been broken, on account of the Civil War which placed St. Louis between the firing lines (Dr. Laur. Larsen in "Luther College Katalog", 1872, 8). The connection with Mis- souri was, however, not broken by the war, and it was not before 1876 that the Norwegian Synod established its own seminary. The intention had been to have this school at Decorah. In "Evangel- isk Luthersk Kirketidende" for 1912 (1778-81) Dr. Laur. Lar- sen declares without qualification that Luther College was founded as a theological seminary and is the oldest Norwegian seminary in America. He explains that because of lack of quarters the Seminary Department was housed at St. Louis for a time. In 1874 the Norwegian Synod built a new wing to the Old Main at Luther, but even at that it was too small to accommodate the sem- inary students. Therefore the Synod bought the Soldiers' Or- phans' Home at Madison, Wis., which had been vacated, and the seminary was located there (Helland's "Augsburg Seminar," 30-33). Even after the seminary had been moved to Madison the question was up for discussion as to whether it should not be locat- ed at Decorah as originally intended ("Ev. Luthersk Kirketidende", 1877, 407). The Civil War broke out in 1861. The Norwegian Synod at its convention that year, held at Rock Prairie, Wis., decided, with the means and forces at hand, to establish a school up north. Thus it came to pass that Prof. Laur. Larsen was called away from St. Louis to become the head of this new school, and thus it happened that Luther College, as this school was called, began work in September of that year at the Halfway Creek (Wis.) parsonage. It was not a university. It had no theological department, for it was learned that the theological students could attend Concordia 26 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS in spite of the political and war disturbances. It was not even a college as yet, for not one of the 16 students that enrolled the first year was of college grade. 2. The "Seminary" Building Coinmittee Report The aim of the school can also be seen from the report of the building committee that had been elected by the convention of 1861. This committee was known as the Theological Seminary Building Committee ("Kirkelig Maanedstidende", 1862, 6-8). In presenting an architect's plan of the proposed building the com- mittee discussed at length the aim of the school. It recognized THE I'ALlSADliS that the first duty of the Church (now) was to establish a school where preachers and teachers could be trained, but it realized also that the Church should also have higher schools for its youth who did not intend to take up any professional calling in the Church. Otherwise these young people would attend some school where they might be robbed of their faith. "Therefore", the report reads, "the committee has unanimously resolved to make the plan of the building such that the department preparing for the sem- inary can also accept students who aim to prepare themselves for other callings, so that they may serve their country in such posi- tions as require more than a common education". RELIGIOUS AIM AND CHARACTER 27 3. The Corner-Stone Document As the secretary of the building committee, Rev. V. Koren, had secured a beautiful site for the school at Decorah, and also tempor- ary quarters for it, Luther College moved to Decorah in 1862. In 1863 the preliminary work for the new building was begun. On June 30, 1864, the corner-stone of the first building of Lu- ther College — the Old Main — was laid. Among the things de- posited in the corner-stone was an historical sketch of the Nor- wegian Synod. The following words from this sketch set forth the aim of Luther College: "Emigrated Norwegians, Lutiieran Christians, living in Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, and Illinois, united in erecting this building to educate teachers of the Church, through whose ministry, by the grace of our Lord, the saving truth of the Gospel in Word and Sacraments might be preserved for their descendants unadulterated according to the doc- trine of the Evangelical Lutheran Church as set forth in the Unaltered Augsburg Confession. The Lord grant this. Amen." 4. The Catalog Statement Since 1882 the catalogs of Luther College in English have contained the following statement of the aim of the school : "The institution owes its origin to the growing demand for educated men who could preach the Word of Life to the rapidly increasing Nor- wegian population of this country. The chief aim of the College is to provide a liberal and thorough education for the young men who intend later to enter the ministry; but it welcomes any youth who desires to avail himself of its advantages. Believing that 'the fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge', the College regards mental training without Christian faith and love as possessing but a doubtful value; and it desires through its religious instruction and Christian influence, to reach as many as possible also of those who do not intend to serve the Church as pastors, as it is confident that those who have been educated on the basis of Christian principles will, also in other occupations, exert a beneficial influence among their fellowmen." II. Religious Instruction In keeping with the stated aim and spirit of the institution, religious instruction is given in every class throughout the whole school. Luther College regards religious instruction and the de- velopment of Christian character as of supreme importance. To quote from the catalog of 1922: "Aside from the fact that the Bible is the Word of God and instructs us in the 'one thing needful', a thorough acquaintance with it is of greatest import- ance for its educational value in general. So profound has been the influence of the Bible that an understanding of history, of modern civilization, and of the literature of modern Christian nations is out of the question without a knowledge of the contents of this book. In fact, without a knowledge of the Bible a liberal 28 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS education is impossible. Systematic instruction, based on the Bible, is therefore given throughout the course in both the College and Preparatory Departments". Religion is the chief reason why Luther College was estab- lished and is still being maintained. Religion is in importance, if not in actual amount, the chief subject at the school. It is the core of the whole curriculum. The nature of the courses is determ- ined very largely by the religious aim of the school. Thus, Lu- ther College has persisted in requiring much work in the classical languages because they are indispensable in the study of theology. Every study at school is studied in the light of religion, and no teaching is permitted that runs counter to the plain teachings of Holy Writ as set forth in the confessions of the Lutheran Church. Religion is required of every student. The relative amount of time devoted to the religious courses, however, has varied somewhat from year to year. It may be rough- ly estimated that 10% of the work in the College and Preparatory Departments has been in religion, and that 20% of the work in the Normal Course was religious. 1. The College Department The religious courses in the College have not varied much since the foundation of the school. In the Freshman and Sopho- more classes Dietrich's "Explanation of Luther's Smaller Cate- chism" has been studied. In the earlier years (1863-76) classes were conducted in German in order to prepare the students for their training at Concordia Seminary, at which the lectures were given mainly in German. Then, for a number of years the cate- chism was taught in Norwegian, and of late years in English. The transition came gradually and bilingually. The fundamental doc- trines of the Christian religion are thoroughly examined in the light of Scripture. Practical applications are made. In the Junior class the Augsburg Confession is critically examined and compared with Scripture and the Book of Concord. The position of the Lutheran Church in its relation to the other churches and to the state is made clear. In the Senior year a portion of the New Testament is studied in the Greek original. Thus, in 1921-22, the Gospel according to Matthew was translated. Its introduction, contents, and peculiarities of style were discussed. Intensive re- search was given to a few special passages and topics. In addi- tion one hour a week was devoted to Bible introduction — to the character, text, geography, chronology, antiquities, and interpreta- tion of the Bible. In the early days of the school the Greek text was translated into Latin (Bothne's "Luther College", 140), in RELIGIOUS AIM AND CHARACTER 29 order to enable the Luther men to follow the lectures in Latin at Concordia Seminary. Otherwise the class work was conducted in Norwegian, but in recent years in English. On the whole, the religious courses in the College are such as to make a man certain of his doctrines and well versed in Scripture. The Bible is al- ways approached reverently as the revealed, inspired, perfect, and authoritative Word of God. Particularly important in the study of the Bible is the classical training which Luther College aims to give. In the catalog for 1872 Dr. Larsen writes at length in explanation and defense of classical study as a preparation for professional work, especially theology. Among other things he refers to Luther's example and testimony. Luther said that where the knowledge of Greek and Hebrew is not kept up, the Gospel will at last go under. As soon as the knowledge of these languages decayed, the Gospel was weakened and the Dark Ages came upon the Church. Many fear- ful abuses arose. The Revival of Learning was mainly a revival of language study. It brought light upon the Gospel again. In the languages are locked up the thoughts of the ages. The lang- uages of the Bible are a key to Scripture. "I had come no way", said Luther, "had not the languages helped me and made me cer- tain of Scripture. I might have been pious and preached correctly, but the Pope and the Sophists and the whole anti-Christian regi- ment I had no doubt let remain as they are. God forbid that we neglect the languages, for then we will neglect the Gospel." The classical languages are not at present in very high favor. Luther College has had to yield considerably as to the amount of classical study required, but is still one of the half dozen accredited colleges that require Latin for the A. B. degree. The words of Luther are timely and to the point. Dr. Larsen's plea has to be made over and over again. Pres. C. K. Preus defended the clas- sics (see, for example, his great lecture of 1904: "I hvilken Ret- ning"). In 1918 Dr. A. M. Rovelstad edited one of the college bulletins in behalf of the classical training (see also his article in "Teologisk Tidsskrift", 1918, II, 30-47.) The last "Bulletin" of the College (1922, II, 1) contains a strong plea by Pres. Oscar Olson for the old-time aims, including the classics. It is admitted that it is possible to get an intimate knowledge of the Bible by means of translation, and that it would be a cal- amity to the great mass of mankind, if they all had to study He- brew and Greek in order to come to the knowledge of the saving truth. We also readily admit that a person may read the Bible in the original tongues and yet be an unbeliever. And yet, with- 30 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS out a knowledge of the originals there would have been no transla- tions at all^ and our critical understanding of the translations before us would suffer. The great theologians and reformers, such as Luther and Melanchthon, were Greek and Hebrew scholars, and it would be disastrous not to have among us a fair proportion of men with philological knowledge as well as faith, to sound the spiritual depths of the Bible. The Greek Testament is listed in the Luther College Catalog as a religious rather than a linguistic course. It is both. Hebrew is listed as a linguistic rather than a religious study. It is both. From 1861 to 1882 Seffer's "Elementarbuch" was used as the textbook in Hebrew at Luther College. From 1883 Hollenberg's "Hebraisches Schulbuch" was the class book, supplemented by some chapters from the Old Testament Hebrew text. Since 1912 Green's "Elementary He- brew Grammar" and Davidson's "Introductory Hebrew Grammar" have served as textbooks. Since 1919-1920 the College has offered a course in Education, which is at the same time essentially religious. It is entitled Moral and Religious Education. It investigates the fundamental prin- ciples in connection with moral and religious education, the his- torical development particularly in the United States, the present problems and the attempts at solution, particularly by the Lu- theran Synods. The history, polity, work, and policies of the synods are studied, particularly the record of the Norwegian Lu- theran Church and Luther College. Another religious subject fostered at Luther College from the year the school was founded is choral singing. The class-room instruction has been supplemented by the work of singing societies, the College Chorus, the Glee Club, the Decorah Choral Union. These societies are organized annually and sing on special occasions. The Choral Union has rendered such masterpieces as Haydn's "Creation" and "Seasons", Handel's "Messiah", Men- delssohn's "Elijah" and "St. Paul", and Bruch's "Lay of the Bell". At the recent Sixtieth Anniversary Mendelssohn's "Hymn of Praise" and Dahle and Koren's "Cantata" were sung under Prof. Carlo A. Sperati's inspiring directorship. 2. The Preparatory department The Preparatory Department at Luther College has been re- organized several times during these 60 years. From 1861 to 1881 it was a two-year course; from 1881 to 1905, a three-year course; from 1905 to 1918, a four-year course; and from 1918 to date, a five-year course. Naturally, the courses in religion have also been extended. RELIGIOUS AIM AND CHARACTER 31 The aim throughout the history of the Preparatory Depart- ment has been "to impart a thorough and practical knowledge of the Holy Scriptures^ because the Scriptures are given by in- spiration of God, and are profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, that the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works". ("Catalog", 1922, 87). To meet this aim, the course oifered from 1861 to 1890 five hours of religious work a week; from 1890 to 1912, three hours; and since 1912 two hours. The amount of work in religion has been reduced from 15.7% in 1872 to 10.7% in 1892 and 9.5% in 1922. Three hours per week for two years were at first devoted to Bible history. The Bible was used as a textbook, and the class read through the Old Testament as a rule and sometimes parts of the New. The work was conducted in Norwegian. In tlie 70's Vogt's "St0rre Bibelhistorie" was used as a guide. In 1890 Norwegian was the language of the two lowest classes and Eng- lish of the highest class in this Department. Beginning with 1897, Bible geography, including the journeys of Christ and Paul, was added to the course, also the Life of Christ according to the Gospels and a brief introduction to the Bible. When the course was lengthened to four years (in 1905), two years were devoted to Bible history and geography, covering the historical parts of the Old Testament. Church history was then studied two hours a week for one year, with Vogt's "Kirkehistorie til Skolebrug" as text. Thereupon the Life of Christ and Bible introduction, together with a reading of Job, Isaiah, the Gospels, and Hebrews, was the work of the Senior year in the Preparatory Department. Since the course was lengthened to five years. Acts has been the subject of the Sub-Freshman year, Bible history and geography of the Freshman, Bible history continued in the Sophomore, Church history in the Junior, and the Life of Christ and Bible in- troduction in the Senior. The Bible is used as text in Bible his- tory and geography, supplemented by maps and other books. Ylvisaker's "Synopse" has for years been the textbook in the Life of Christ. Str0mme's "Outlines of Church History" is the text in Church history. Norlie's "Open Bible" has been used in Bible introduction. Much attention was given to the catechism in the early history of the school. Pontoppidan's "Sandhed til Gudfrygtighed", in the complete or the abridged edition, or both, was faithfully stud- ied two hours per week for two years from 1861 to 1890. In 32 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS the third year of the course Dietrich's "Forklaring" was some- times studied. From 1890 Pontoppidan occupied only one hour a week in the two lower classes and Luther's "Smaller Catechism" was studied in English one hour a week in the highest class. Later Dietrich's "Explanation" in English was substituted for the elementary catechism. The new subjects kept on pressing the catechism back until it had only one hour a week for one year in one class. Pontoppidan was then studied as a review of Scripture doctrine familiar from the Confirmation instruction. After 1912 the catechism does not appear to have been taught at all in the Preparatory Department. In the first published catalog of Lu- ther College (1872), Pres. Larsen says: "And when we finally come to what we really in all our teaching seek to place first, namely, the knowledge of Christianity, then there is perhaps no serious-minded person in our Synod who will not rejoice to hear that we are giving about twice as much instruction here as in the schools of Norway." He explains that one of the reasons for this is, that our youth on account of the sects need more Christian knowledge here than in Norway. Catechismal knowledge was held to be a safeguard against the doctrines and powerful tenden- cies of sectarianism, indifferentism, secularization, rationalism, evolution, materialism, and the many other heresies of the times. 3. The Normal Department The Norwegian Lutheran congregations needed teachers as well as preachers. Their purpose in founding a school was also to secure for themselves teachers as well as preachers. In 1864- a special class was organized at Luther College for men who wished to take up parochial teaching as a calling. In 1865 a Normal Department was organized, with Rev. N. O. Brandt in charge as teacher of the normal branches. In 1868 the course was increased from two to three years, aiming especially to edu- cate teachers for the parochial schools, but also qualifying them for the common schools. The attendance was never very large, being 12 in 1883, 10 in 1884, and 8 in 1885. The department was discontinued in 1886. In 1889 it was reestablished at the Lu- theran Normal School at Sioux Falls, S. Dak., which in 1918 was merged with Augustana College of Canton, S. Dak., and is now known as Augustana College and Normal School, Sioux Falls. The course in religion in the Normal Department was the same as that in the Preparatory Department in the lowest class. In the second and third year of work it offered an extra 3 hours a week in catechism and 3 hours in Bible history. Also 3 hours RELIGIOUS AIM AND CHARACTER 33 in the Augsburg Confession and other Symbolical Books and 3 hours in Bible reading and New Testament exegesis. In 1865 Rambach's "Wohlunterriehteter Katechet" was studied by the dictation method as a guide in catechetics^ supplemented by Faye's "Almueskolen" and "Methodik". Galatians was studied exegetic- ally. In 1868 Hart's "Lutheran School Room" was used. In 1872 Page's "Theory and Practice of Teaching" was added to Rambach and Faye. Roalkvam taught catechetics from 1878 to 1886, developing his own syllabus, which he published as a text- book in 1881 (also 1898 and 1903). Year 4. Coutses of Study, hy Decades Class Per Subject Text Hours Per Week Language V-VI 3 Bible History Gen.-l Kgs Norwegian V-VI 2 Catechism Pontoppidan Norwegian I-II 1 Greek Testament Greek- Latin I-H 2 Catechism Hutter's "Compend".. English IH-IV 2 Catechism Dietrich German V-VI 2 Catechism Pontoppidan Norwegian V-VI 3 Bible History Gen.-l Kgs Norwegian IV Normal 2 Catechetics Rambach German Faye Norwegian Page English 2 Exegesis Acts, Rom., Gal Norwegian 3 Bible History Gen.-l Kgs Norwegian 2 *Augsburg Confession Norwegian 2 Catechism Dietrich Norwegian 2 Catechism Dietrich Norwegian 3 Bible History Vogt's "Steirre" Norwegian 2 Catechism Pontoppidan Norwegian 3 Didactics Roalkvam Norwegian 3 Catechism Dietrich Norwegian 3 Exegesis Norwegian 3 Bible History Vogt's "St0rre" Norwegian 2 Catechism Pontoppidan Norwegian 2 *Augsburg Confession Norwegian 2 Catechism Dietrich Norwegian 1 Catechism Luther English 2 Bible Reading Acts English 1 Catechism Pontoppidan Norwegian 2 Bible History O. T Norwegian 2 Augsburg Confession Norwegian 2 Greek Testament Greek- Eng. 2 Catechism Dietrich Norwegian 2 Catechism Dietrich Norwegian 1 Catechism Pontoppidan Norwegian 2 Bible History Matt. — Acts Eng.-Norw. 2 Bible History Judges-Dan Eng.-Norw. 2 Bible History Gen.- Josh Eng.-Norw. 2 Greek Testament 4 books Greek-Eng. 2 Augsburg Confession Eng.-Norw. 2 Catechism Dietrich Eng.-Norw. 1 Life of Christ Ylvisaker Eng.-Norw. 1 Bible Introduction Eng.-Norw. 2 Church History Vogt Norw.-Eng. 1 Bible History 1 Sam.- Dan Eng.-Norw. 1 Catechism Pontoppidan Eng.-Norw. 2 Bible Hist . and Geog . Gen.-Ruth Eng.-Norw. IV- VI Normal. . . V-VI Normal.... 1882 I II-IV V-VI VI-VII VII V Normal V-VI Normal... . V-VI Normal... . VI-VII Normal.. VII Normal 1892 I-II III-IV V V VI-VII VI-VII 1902 I II Ill IV VI-VII V VI VII 1912 I II III-IV V V VI VII VII VIII * Alternating with Greek Testament every other year. Class Hours ; Per Week I 2 II 2 III. . . . 1 IV 2 V .1 V 1 VI 2 VII 2 VIII 2 IX 2 34 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Year Class Per Subject Text Language Greek Testament Matt, and Bible in- troduction Greek-Eng. Augsburg Confession English Catechism Dietrich English Catechism Dietrich English Life of Christ Kerr's ' 'Harmony".. . . English Bible Introduction.. . . Norlie's "Open Bible". English Church History Str0mme's "Outlines". English Bible History 1 Sam. -Dan English Bible Hist, and Geog..Gen.-Ruth English Bible History Acts English 5. Teachers of Religion at Luther College, by Subjects Bleken, M. K., Rev 1906-10 x-Bothne, T 1875-76 Brandt, N. O., Rev 1865-81 Bredesen, A., Rev 1876-78 Eittreim, K. O., Rev 1918— xx-Halland, J. G.. Cand. Theol 1887-89 xx-Homme, T., Cand. Theol 1881-82 Hove, E., Rev 1891-93 Hustvedt, H. B., Rev 1887 Jacobsen, J. D., Rev 1872-81 x-Jacobsen, K. T 1905 xx-Koren, W., Cand. Theol 1889 Krog, H. J. G., Rev 1890-95 Kvamme, K., Rev 1896-98 Larsen, Laur., Rev 1861-11 Madson, N. A., Rev 1916-18 x-Markhus, G 1892-06 Naeseth, C. A., Rev 1882-11 Norlie, O. M., Rev 1919— Petersen, E. J., Rev 1882-87 :;- Peterson, Francis E 1922 ■ Preus, C. K., Rev 1898-21 x-Reque, L. S 1875-76 Roalkvam, H., Rev 1878-86 x-Rovelstad, A. M 1908-10 x-Sander, A. B 1878-79 Schmidt, F. A., Rev 1861-71 xx-Sihler, W., Cand. Theol 1890-91, 1893-94,1922 Sperati, C. A., Rev 1905 Stub. H. G., Rev 1899-00 x-Throndsen, K .- 1868-70 Tingelstad, O. A., Rev 1910-16, 1921 Torrison, I. B., Rev 1902-12 Ylvisaker, J. T., Rev 1889-90 Ylvisaker, S. C, Rev 1911-19 Note: X stands for lay teachers, xx for unordained candidates in theology, the remainder being clergymen. CATECHISM— LUTHER xx-Sihler, W 1890-91, 1893-94 CATECHISM— PONTOPPIDAN Larsen, Laur 1861-65, 1883, 1889 Schmidt, F. A 1863-71 Brandt, N. 1865-76 x-Throndsen, K 1868 Jacobsen, J. D 1872-76, 1878-81 x-Reque, L. S 1875-76 Bredesen, A 1876-78 Roalkvam, H 1878-86 xx-Homme, T 1881-82 Petersen, E. J 1882-87 Naeseth, C. A 1882-87 Hustvedt, H. B 1887 xx-Halland, J. G 1887-89 Ylvisaker, J. T 1889-90 xx-Koren, W 1889 Krog, H. J. G 1890-95 Hove, E 1891-93 RELIGIOUS AIM AND CHARACTER 35 x-Markhus, G 1892-01 Kvamme. K 1896-98 Preus, C. K 1898-02 Stub, H. G 1899-00 Torrison, LB 1902-12 Sperati, C. A 1905-08 Bleken, M. K 1906-10 CATECHISM— DIETRICH Schmidt, F. A 1863-71 Jacobsen, J. D 1872-81 Larsen, Laur 1872-02 Preus, C. K 1902-21 Tingelstad, O. A 1921 Norlie, O. M 1921— CATECHISM— HUTTER Schmidt, F. A 1869(?)-71 Jacobsen, J. D 1872-81(?) AUGSBURG CONFESSION AND OTHER SYMBOLICAL BOOKS Schmidt, F. A 1864-71 Roalkvam, H 1878-79 Bredesen, A 1876-78 Naeseth, C. A 1882-1 1 Preus, C. K 1909-21 Tingelstad, O. A 1921^— xx-Sihler, W 1922 BIBLE READINGS AND BIBLE HISTORY Larsen, Laur 1861-70, 1882-91 Brandt. N. O 1869-81 Roalkvam, H 1878-86 xx-Halland, J . G 1887-89 Ylvisaker, J. T 1889-90 xx-SihIer, W 1890-92 Krog, H. J. G 1890-96 Kvamme, K 1896-98 Preus, C. K 1898-21 Sperati, C. A 1905 ■ Eittreim, K. O 1918 BIBLE READINGS AND THE LIFE OF CHRIST Bleken, M. K 1906-10 Tingelstad, O. A 1910-16 Madson, N. A 1916-18 Eittreim, K. 1918 Peterson, F. E 1922 BIBLE INTRODUCTION AND BIBLE GEOGRAPHY Preus, C. K 1908-15 Ylvisaker, S. C 1915-16 Madson, N. A ; 1916-18 Eittreim, K. O 1918 Norlie, O. M 1919 xx-Sihler, W 1922 • BIBLE EXEGESIS Brandt, N. O 1865-71 Roalkvam, H 1878-86 CHURCH HISTORY AND HISTORY OF MISSIONS Bleken, M. K 1906-10 Tingelstad, O. A 1910-12, 1913-16 Preus, C. K At times Ylvisaker, S. C 1912-13 Madson, N. A 1916-18 Eittreim, K. O 1918— CATECHETICS Brandt, N. 1865-81 x-Bothne, T 1875-76 Roalkvam, H 1878-86 NEW TESTAMENT GREEK Schmidt, F. A 1861-71 Jacobsen, J. D 1872-81 Naeseth, C. A 1882-98 xx-Sihler, W 1893-95 x-Rovelstad, A. M . 1908-10 36 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Bleken, M. K 1908-09 Tingelstad, O. A 1910-11 Ylvisaker, S. C 1911-19 Norlie, O. M 1919 xx-Sihler, W 1922 HEBREW Larsen. Laur 1865-75, 1879-11 Jacobsen, J. D 1875-78 x-Sander, A. B 1878-79 X- Jacobsen, K. T 1905 Ylvisaker, S. C 1911-19 Norlie, O. M 1919 MORAL AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION Tingelstad, O. A 1920 NorUe, O. M 1920 CHORAL MUSIC Schmidt, F. A 1861-65 Brandt, N. 1865-81 x-Sollieim, Ola 1881-82 x-Hanson, Haldor 1882-83 Tingelstad, J. 1883-85 Sperati, C. A 1885-88 x-Hanson, Haldor 1888-90 xx-Sihler, W : 1890-94 x-Hanson, Haldor 1895-04 Sperati, C. A 1905 — - Note: X stands for lay teachers; xx for unordained'candidates in theology, the remainder being clergymen. DR. LAUR. LARSEN, 1801-1911 PROF. C. K. PREUS, 1898-1921 Professors of Christianity at Luther College Sixty Years RELIGIOUS AIM AND CHARACTER 37 III. Other Religious Influences 1. Chapel Devotions The students at Luther College are required to attend devo- tional exercises mornings and evenings at chapel. From 1861 to 1877 the morning devotions were conducted by the president at 6:30, just before the breakfast meal. Since 1877 it has generally been held about 10:00 a. m. From 1861 to 1877 the evening devotional period was at 8:30; from 1877 to 1910, at 9:00; now it is held at 9:45 p. m. The chapel exercises have been in charge of the president of the school, assisted by other members of the faculty, the college pastors, visiting clergymen, or others. The exercises have consisted of Scripture reading and exposition, ON THE WAY TO CHURCH, BACCALAUREATE SUNDAY prayer, song, readings from postils, and speeches. They have been very inspirational. Specially worthy of mention are the readings by the "Grand Old Man" of Luther College, Dr. Laur. Larsen, and the wonderful ten-minute chapel talks by President C. K. Preus. 2. Sunday Services Decorah has two Norwegian Lutheran congregations, witli two services at each church on Sundays, one in Norwegian and one in English. The pastors of these congregations are the pas- tors also of the College. The congregations cooperate with the school in making the church life of the students of greatest value. The young people's societies of the churches entertain the boys at Luther and invite them to their devotional and social meetings. 38 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS 3. Special Occasions Luther College has celebrated several festivals and entertain- ed several religious conventions, at which great themes have been discussed and noted men in the Church have appeared on the program. These special occasions live long in the memory. They have helped to shape the lives and destinies of the Luther College boys. In 1921-22, two such great conventions were held at Luther — the Sixtieth Anniversary festival, on October 13-16, and the Joint Lutheran Students' Union Convention and Academy Conference representing 20 schools of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America. STUDENTS' UNION CONVENTION, 1922 4. Students' Religious Organisation A number of students are taking an active part in tlie work of the congregations down town, as teachers in the Sunday schools, members of the Church choirs, officers in the Luther Leagues, etc. At the College, the students take part in the Luther College Sun- day Association, organized in 1901, which is a voluntary student organization, meeting on Sunday afternoons or evenings. Its programs are of a religious nature, and consist mostly of lectures by professors and others, while occasional meetings are devoted to the discussion of appropriate topics of general interest. An additional feature of the work is the election of a committee to render such assistance as may be needed in case of illness among the students. RELIGIOUS AIM AND CHARACTER 39 5. Christian Atmosphere The atmosphere of the school is Christian, clear and invigor- ating as the mountain air. The president of the school has been as a Christian father, whose highest aim is to have his boys be Chris- tians and take up a Christian life-work. He has been the boys' pastor and counselor. Thirty-four out of 93 regular teachers at the school have been pastors or have graduated from theological seminaries without entering the ministry. These men of theologic- al training and pastoral experience have no doubt exerted a deep influence on the school. There are no negative critics among them. The remaining teachers have been chosen for their sound- STUDENTS' UNION CONVENTION, 1922 ness of doctrine and their Christian example as well as their scholastic and professional qualifications. The classroom work in every subject is conducted in harmony with Scripture. No pains are spared to make the discipline, which is conducted in a Christian spirit, as effective and truly educating as possible, for proper discipline lies at the very foundation of all successful school work and is a chief agency in the development of Chris- tian character. ("Ev. Luthersk Kirketidende", 1891, 310). The boys are taught to be very democratic, avoiding hypocrisy and sham. Luther College has tried to be an honest school, doing thorough work in whatever it has attempted to do. As President Larsen put it: "When we sell butter, we want to give good butter, clear down to the bottom of the jar." 40 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS IV. Results 1. Transplanting Norwegian Culture All the countries of the world have contributed to the citizen- ship of America. From 1820 to 1919 a total of 31,200,103 im- migrants landed on our shores. In 1920 13% of the population of the United States were foreign-born and 90% could look to Europe either as their birthplace or the home of their ancestors. No country except Ireland has contributed so great a propor- tion of its people to America as Norway. All the peoples of the world have contributed their bit to American culture. When they came here as immigrants they took along with them some of the culture of their home lands. Those peoples have contributed most to America who brought most culture with them and who have tried most patiently to transplant it to American soil. Far in the lead in this regard are the English, not so much because they have outnumbered the other peoples, nor because they came here first, but rather because they have insisted on transplanting their language and institutions to America. Of the English colonies New England has been by far the most influential in shaping the thought and character of this country, not because New England had more people or money, but because the people there had more definite ideas and more zeal and persistence in advocating them. The culture of the American schools is mainly that of New England. The Norwegians have added something to American culture and achievement. They did not come here as paupers. They took along a treasure which gold and silver cannot buy — strong bodies and willing minds, habits of industry and thrift, obedience and loyalty, and a rich store of high ideals and noble precepts treasured in their native history and literature, customs and in- stitutions. They were a literate people. The report of the Im- migrant Commission for 1910 (Vol. 5, "Dictionary of Races", 120) says: "In Norway the rate of illiteracy is the lowest in Europe". The same report (Vol. 3, "Statistical Review of Im- migration, 1820-1910", 85) lists the number and percent of il- literates among immigrants 14 years old and over. Portugal had the greatest number who could not read and write — 682 out of every 1,000. Scandinavia had the least number — only 4 out of every 1,000. Of the native white population in America 46 out of every 1,000 are illiterate. It is natural that the Norwegian immigrants should love the culture of Norway and that they should want to hand down to RELIGIOUS AIM AND CHARACTER 41 their posterity and to contribute to their adopted land some of the best of this treasure. They could not expect that this Nor- wegian culture would be transmitted through the public schools or tlie schools of other immigrant peoples. There was only one thing for them to do if they were to become a power in this land, and that was to build their own schools. Luther College is one of these schools. At the same time that it is in the best sense thoroughly American, it has always had the high aim of giving to America the best there is in Norwegian culture. The story has not yet been written, except in fragments, of how much Norway has given to America. In this story Luther College will have a conspicuous place. 2. Establishing the Lutheran Faith Norway is a Lutheran country; the censuses still report 99% of the population as members of the Lutheran Church. It is now a century since Cleng Peerson came to America, becoming the pathfinder of the last tide of Norwegian immigration to America. Great religious changes have taken place during this century. In Norway, the religious revival started by Hans Nielsen Hauge swept the common people along with it and even the professors at the University of Christiania, During the 60 years since Lu- ther College was founded a wave of rationalism has swept over the whole world. The pious scholarship of Caspari and Gisle Johnson at the University of Christiania of 60 years ago has been displaced by a crass rationalism which denies the inspiration and authority of the Bible, the divinity and atonement of Christ, the person and work of the Holy Spirit, and, in short, nearly every Lutheran doctrine. The founders of Luther College were staunch Lutherans. They believed that the Word of God was their dearest heritage. They understood full well that the Bible had to be excluded from the public schools in this land, and that they could not teach the Lutheran faith in these schools. They knew that if their Lutheranism should be transmitted at all to their children, they must establish schools where this religion could be taught in its truth and purity. So they set up their own schools along- side of the state schools and the schools of the other churches. For the sake of the Lutheran religion Luther College was found- ed. Luther College would probably never have been built except for this religious aim. The Norwegian Lutherans in America have established some 70 other higher schools in America, and every one of them has been established in the name of the Lu- 42 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS theran faith, and every one has been able to succeed only in so far as men have kept up their interest in the religious aim and character of the school. Luther College is a child of faith. Luther College has been a conservative school and has been true to the religious aim and ideals of its noble founders. Great changes have taken place in the world of thought during the 60 years of its history. Like the winds of the air, like the waves of the sea, the world of thought is constantly in motion. The views as to religion ebb and flow. Leaders as well as followers are swept along by the opinions of the day. It looks at times as if there is nothing stable. And yet there is. Two times two, for example, always make four. The Word of God is always true. Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today, yea, and forever. It has been the constant aim of Luther College to proclaim this fact, that there are some things that never change, especially that the Word of God is the Truth and that man is justified by faith alone. It must be admitted that it has been a very difficult task to establish the Lutheran faith in America. Not because the Lu- theran Church is a newly-planted Church or a foreign Church. It began work here as early as 1562 (at Port Royal, S. C), and is most evangelical and democratic. Nevertheless, it has not made the headway that it should. There are millions of Americans who should be members of the Lutheran Church because they have come from Lutheran homes or ancestry, but who are mem- bers of some Reformed church or have no church connection at all. To understand the peculiar work of Luther College it is necessary to take a hasty survey of at least two of the dominant religious forces in the land, the Reformed Church and the public school, both of which work upon the same people that Luther College is trying to serve. It is impossible to understand the task of Luther College or to gauge the results without referring to these two factors. The dominant church in America is the Reformed. In some places it is nip and tuck between the Catholic and the Reformed. However, as shown in the "Lutheran World Almanac for 1921" (205-223), the Catholics, like the Lutherans, have been losing rather heavily, while the Reformed Churches and the unchurched groups have gained in numbers. In America nearly all the sects in the world are represented. The U. S. religious census for 1916 catalogues 202 denominations. Of these, 158 are grouped into 24 families, and 44 are listed as separate denominations. RELIGIOUS AIM AND CHARACTER 43 The "Lutheran World Almanac for 1922" (113) makes the follow- ing classification: Group Bodies Ministers Communicants Per cent I.Lutheran 21 10,961 2,493,894 5.9 2. Reformed 128 150,043 22,864,247 54.4 3. Catholic 10 22,179 15,762,473 37.3 4. Non-Christian 12 13,643 1,028,457 2.4 Total 171 196,826 42,149,071 100.0 As the population in 1920 was 105,710,620 it will be seen that only 40% of this number are reckoned as communicant members of churches. In the case of the Catholics all the baptized are included. Of course every denomination should do like the Cath- olics — insist on counting baptized children as members of the church. By adding the children to the respective denominations, the totals will appear about as follows: Denomination Estimated membership Per cent 1. Lutheran 3,500,000 3.3 2. Reformed 34,500,000 32 . 7 3. Catholic 16,000,000 15 . 1 4. Non-Christian 1,500,000 1.4 5. Unchurched 50,000.000 47 . 5 Total 105,500,000 100.0 It will be seen from this table that nearly one-half of the population is outside the Christian fold. Of the Christian de- nominations the Reformed churches as a group are by far in the lead. Like the Catholics they have often sought to gain influence through politics. They lay stress on organization and field work, they are aggressive and often unscrupulous in proselyting. Being of English origin, they have language and nationality in their favor at the very start. They are prolific in writing books for schools and are otherwise successful in manning all the positions of power and influence in public office, school, and press. Though tlie members of the group differ radically from one another in many respects, they have so much in common and are so much in evidence everywhere that they are without question the most dominant religious influence in the land. They recruit their forces heavily from the ranks of unchurched Catholics and Lu- therans. They reckon that the unchurched have, as a rule, lean- ings toward the Reformed religious views and practices. For that reason Laidlaw of the U. S. Census Bureau and Watson of tlie Federal Council of Churches estimate the potential Reformed strength at 74,795,226, or more than thrice the actual member- ship. Briefly, the Reformed churclies of America have gone through the same experience as the Church of Norway — passing from 44 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS piety to rationalism. New England has always taken the lead in American life. She has been able to force her thought and institutions to a large extent upon the rest of the states and peo- ples in America. Her theology 60 years ago was Calvinistic and of a very dogmatic type. Now, particularly in the intellectual centers, with some notable exceptions, the theology is of the modern type. It makes light of creed. It no longer stresses the power of God, but the power of man. The chief gospel now is social work rather than salvation from sin. The Bible is dis- credited as the final Word of God. As one man put it in his sermon: "The newspaper is good enough Bible for me". The Reformed Church has no doubt exerted influence also on Luther College, but Luther College still is true to the old creeds. It is impossible to estimate what a force Luther College has been in keeping our Norwegian Lutheran people from going over to the Reformed or taking over the Reformed doctrines and practices while retaining the Lutheran name and fame, "Lord, grant that we e'er pure retain The catechismal doctrine plain. As Luther taught the heavenly truth In simple words to tender youth." It must be admitted that it has been a very difficult task to es- tablish Lutheran schools in America. Not because they have been inferior in quality or not necessary. Quite the contrary. And yet after nearly a century of agitation for parochial schools we can boast of only a few unsuccessful attempts in this line. Our vacation religion schools are dying out. Most of our academies have been discontinued. Our colleges are few and far between. Luther College has never been a large school. To understand the peculiar value of these schools, and Luther College in partic- ular, it is necessary to take a survey of the dominant educational forces in America. The dominant American school is the public school system. In 1914 the total school enrollment was 22,462,342, of whom 89.5% attended public schools and 10.5% attended private schools. Only 8.3% attended private elementary schools, 14.8% attended private secondary schools, and 49.9% attended private colleges, professional and special schools ("Q. S. Commissioner of Educa- tion Report", 1916, II, 1). The public school has not always been the dominant one in American history. In the Colonial pe- riod the church was the controlling factor in the establishment and control of schools. It took our country about a century — RELIGIOUS AIM AND CHARACTER 45 from 1775 to 1875 — to establish fully its present system of free, tax-supported, state-controlled, non-sectarian, democratic, public schools. The church did not give up its hold on the schools with- out a bitter struggle. The advocates of public schools have been slowly but surely winning, first in behalf of the elementary schools, then in behalf of the secondary schools, and finally in behalf of the higher schools. When the church saw that the battle for the elementary schools was practically lost, it turned its attention to the establishment of academies. In 1850 there were 6,085 academies and only 172 public high schools. In 1914 there were 11,674 public high schools and only 2,248 church academies. Again, when the church saw that the battle for the academies was lost, it turned its attention to the establishment of colleges and universities. The churches had founded 2 colleges in the 17th century, 22 in the 18th, and over 400 in the 19th, most of them after 1850. Most of the state colleges and universities are younger than Luther College. During the 60 years in which Lu- ther College has managed to keep alive it has seen thousands of academies and hundreds of colleges close their doors on account of the fierce competition. Most of the Norwegian youth who go to school are, of course, attending public schools and univers- ities. There they become more or less secular-minded and often are lost to our Church and its Gospel influence. Our country needs the public schools. We loyally support them. They unify our people. They train for useful citizenship. But they cannot teach religion. And the Christian religion the youth of America needs to learn, for it has a value both for this life and that which is to come. The morals of our people and the very existence of the country itself rest upon the proper religious instruction. Luther College supplies this "one thing needful". 3. Providing Church Workers The founders of Luther College reckoned that if they wanted church workers they must build a school where they could give them the training they needed. They did not hope to get any from the Reformed schools or from the state schools. They were right. "Prestekalenderen" has made a survey of all the Norwe- gian Lutheran pastors from 1843 to 1915. During these years the Norwegian Synod obtained 685 pastors, Only 77 of these came from Norway. Only 1 had had his theological training at a Reformed seminary, while 607 had been educated at Lutheran seminaries in America. Luther College had furnished 451 of 46 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS these 607 men, 298 with the A. B. degree and 153 with an academy training and beyond. The remaining 156 had attended some other Lutheran higher schools. Not one had attended a Reformed or Catholic academy. Only one had attended a Re- formed university for a period of two years. Only 13 had attend- ed a public high school. These 13 had spent a sum total of 40 years in high school, followed by a total of 41 years at Luther College and 38 years at Concordia and Luther Seminaries. Only one had taken his A. B. at a state university, and that only after he had taken it first at Luther College. Quite a number had taken advanced degrees at universities, but they are not considered in this survey. The point to be considered here is, that in 70 years of history covered by this book the Norwegian Synod did not receive a single minister from any American state university, only 13 men from the public high schools, only one man from a Reformed university and one from a Reformed seminary. The Reformed schools were not established to furnish the Norwegian Lutheran Church with church workers. The state schools were not established for the purpose of supplying any church with ministers of the Gospel. They are not to be blamed for not do- ing so. It is not their business. United States has 468 private colleges and universities besides 95 state universities. But the Lutheran Church cannot look to any of these schools except its own, which is included in the number, for its supply of pastors. The Norwegian Lutheran Church must have Luther College, or schools like Luther College, if it wants to live. 4. Making Good Citizens Luther College takes its name from Martin Luther, the great hero of the Reformation, proclaimed by James F. Clark "the real author of modern liberty of thought and action, the giant founder of modern civilization and of pure religion." His Ninety-Five Theses nailed on the doors of the Wittenberg Church have been called the world's "Declaration of Independence"; his bold stand at the Diet of Worms has been hailed as the greatest moment, the turning point, in modern history (T. Carlyle). Luther College has tried to be true to the doctrines and spirit of Martin Luther. It stands to reason, then, that Luther College should make good citizens and be of the highest service to Amer- ica. It may be that America does not care for the language and culture of the Norwegian Lutherans who founded Luther College. As for the language, it is dying out. In 1861 80% of the in- struction at Luther College was carried on in Norwegian; in RELIGIOUS AIM AND CHARACTER 47 1922, only 8%, Norwegian being the medium of instruction only in Norwegian language, literature, and history. As for the cul- ture, its future is not very bright. The Norwegian element in America is only 2% of the total population, and it is hardly to be expected that the great American people will pay any atten- tion to it. The Norwegian element itself has had most of its training at the public schools and is interested mainly in the New England culture presented there. It would never be known from an average American textbook in history that there ever had been a Norwegian in America. Luther College has been con- tending with these difficulties, trying to make all its students love this country and its institutions and yet, at the same time, remember the great heritage of their fathers. Luther College men owe no political allegiance to Norway. They are Americans. In the recent war there were 356 names on the honor roll of Luther College and 8 golden stars for the boys who never came back. About 100 Luther men were officers, 5 were chaplains. Luther College became at first an S. A. T. C. post in the service of the U. S. Government and then, after the signing of the arm- istice, an R. O. T. C. unit. Not all of the Luther College men become pastors and teachers in church schools. About one-half of the graduates have taken up secular callings, as farmers (ca. 5%), merchants (16%), public servants (3%), journalists (2%), lawyers (4%), physicians (6%), public school teachers (10%), etc. Many of the alumni are holding high positions in church and state, in school and business. Presidents of synods, secretaries of boards, a governor of a state, ministers to foreign lands, state and city superintendents of schools, professors at famous universities, librarians, judges, superintendents of hospitals, statistical and medical authorities, etc., are some of the positions of note that Luther men have filled with distinction and satisfaction. About one-fifth are authors. This is not a pessimistic view of the religious aim and character of Luther College. Luther College has had a great aim, has had a unique character, has done a noble work. To God alone be the honor. As Paul Koren sings in his "Cantata" for the Six- tieth Anniversary of Luther College : "For what thy past has given us, in gratitude we raise Our voice and tell of victory, of thankfulness and praise. To Him be all the glory, our mighty Lord and King, Whose blessing rested on thy brow, to Him our song we bring." CHAPTER THREE SEAL OF LUTHER COLLEGE GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION D. T. Nelson I. Government ONE of the first problems that arose in connection with the establishment of Lu- ther College was that of securing for it a sound legal status. The Synod for the Nor- wegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in Amer- ica had already been incorporated in the state of Wisconsin in 1858; but since the College was to be located in Iowa it was felt neces- sary that the Synod be incorporated in Iowa as well. In 1863^ after Rev. V. Koren had reported to the Synod that he had been unable to effect such incorporation, the matter was referred to Prof. F. A. Schmidt. At the Synod meeting in 1864, Prof. Schmidt also reported failure; the matter was then referred to a committee made up of Profs. Schmidt and Larsen and Rev. V. Koren. In 1865 this committee reported that since no means had been found for incorporating the Synod in Iowa, steps had been taken to incorporate the College; that the articles of incorporation had been signed February 1, 1865; and that the incorporation had been carried out in such a manner as to give the Synod complete control over the newly-formed corporation. Such control was, and indeed is, essential for the Church; for the impelling motive which gave rise to Luther College and to all the sacrifices made in its behalf is found in its mission of training young men for service in the Church. Reference to the articles of incorporation (1917) will show that this control is assured by Article 3, which provides that the membership of the corporation shall "consist of the pastors of the Norwegian Evangelical Lu- theran congregations connected with the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America and the representatives of said congregations at the regular triennial meeting of said Church, chosen in ac- cordance with its discipline and usage." The Luther College GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 49 Corporation is thus^ in effect, the church body organized for a collegiate purpose.* The same committee was instructed by the Synod in 1866 to prepare a set of by-laws, and also an amendment to the articles whereby the Church Council should be constituted a Board of Visitors for the College. This was not accomplished until the Synod meeting of 1871. On June 29 of that year the by-laws were adopted; on the same date Article X was added and Article IV amended. Amended Article IV provided that the treasurer, who had hitherto been a member of the Board of Trustees ex- officio, should no longer be so, and set up the faculty as a Board with such powers as are conferred upon it by the by-laws. The articles and by-laws were now in essentials in their permanent form. In the drafting of them. Judge G. R. Willett had rendered without charge notable service. The Synod expressed its thanks to him and charged the committee with the duty of procuring for him a suitable gift, appropriating for that purpose the sum of fifty dollars. From an examination of the articles and by-laws so amended and adopted, it is seen that sovereignty in the corporation re- sides in the church body organized in regular meeting as the cor- poration. To the Board of Trustees of eight members is entrusted the management of the affairs of the corporation, but with such restrictions, financial and otherwise, as to insure control by the Church in all matters of importance. To the Board of Profes- sors (faculty) is given power to admit and expel students and, subject to the authority of the corporation and Board of Visitors, to make and enforce rules and regulations for the good govern- ment and discipline of the College. Finally, to the Board of Visitors, which consists of the members of the Church Council — the controlling executive body of the Church — is delegated the right of visitation, authority to fix the number, duties, and com- *The official name of the Norwegian Synod in the constitution adopted in 1853 was the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. In 1865, at the annual convention held at Highland Prairie, Minn., the name was changed to the Synod for the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church In America. In 1858 the Norwegian Synod was incorporated under the laws of Wisconsin as the Noi-wegian Evangelical Synod of the State of Wisconsin. On that account the Norwegian Synod was often called the Wisconsin Synod, and its teachings and practice were sometimes by opponents called "Wisconsinism". But inasmuch as the synod in 1865 had changed its constitutional name from the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America to the Synod for the Nor- wegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, steps were taken to secure the necessary changes in the articles of incorporation. The committee mentioned above — Koren, Schmidt, Larsen — with the aid of Judge G. R. Willett of Decorah, prepared a bill authorizing the change of name. The bill was introduced in the Iowa state senate by Senator Dr. Bullis of Decorah and became a law on March 16, 1866. In Wisconsin a special act was passed by the senate and assembly in 1878 and again in 1885 authorizing the change in the articles of incorporation of the Norwegian Synod. 50 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS pensation of professors^ to prescribe terms of admission, and to make general rules for the guidance of the Board of Professors. By implication it would appear that Article V of the by-laws also confers upon the Board of Visitors supervision over the course of study. The Board of Visitors, or Church Council, has thus, next to the church body, been the residuary of the greatest power with regard to the College. Prior to 1872 meetings of the corporation were legal only if held in the state of Iowa. In that year, due to the efforts of WINNESHIEK COUNTY COURT HOUSE Prof. Knut Bergh, who was then a member of the state legislature of Iowa, a law was passed legalizing the meetings of the corpora- tion in any state adjoining Iowa. At first the election of the officers of the corporation was fixed for every year. In 1878 the by-laws were amended to provide for triennial elections. No other change was made in the by-laws until 1899. Prior to 1899, Article V provided that the Board of Visitors might ap- point and remove the professors, subject to the approval of the majority of the pastors of the congregations of the Church and the professors of the College. This rule, which practically neces- sitated a meeting of the Synod or an election by mail, had become increasingly cumbersome with the growth of the Church. In 1876 GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 51 the Synod had been divided into three districts — the Eastern, Minnesota, and Iowa Districts; in 1890 a fourth, the Pacific Dis- trict, had been added. Meanwhile other schools had been estab- lished and the Church's interests had grown and expanded in every direction. Some less unwieldy method of election had be- come imperative. In 1895 proposals were laid before the Synod by a committee appointed by the Church Council; to these, further consideration was given in 1896; the next year a set of rules was adopted which provided in substance as follows: a vacancy among the professors should be announced by the Church Council in "Kirketidende", the official organ of the Church, at least four weeks before a nomination was to be made. The nomination should be made by the Church Council and the permanent pro- fessors of the College; the nomination likewise should be an- nounced in "Kirketidende". After another four weeks' delay to permit of the filing of objections on the part of the members of the Church, the Church Council should proceed to election by a two-thirds vote. In 1899 by the amendment of Article V of the by-laws this set of rules was given effect by the college corpora- tion. The original proposals of 1895 and 1896 had looked forward to the establishment of an "electoral college" of six men, which would have had charge of providing the personnel of the college faculty. The rules adopted in 1897 show that the Synod was not then prepared for so radical a delegation of authority. By 1908, however, the question had cropped up again. In that year an organization was set up which foreshadows very clearly the pres- ent Board of Education. By resolution of the Synod there was established a Board of Directors of nine members; four of these, the president of the Synod and the presidents of Luther Seminary, Luther College, and Lutheran Normal School, were to be mem- bers ex officio, and five were to be elected at large by a two-thirds vote at each regular synod meeting. The Board was divided into three sub-committees of three members each, one for each school. The Board was granted purely administrative authority; it was empowered to nominate the heads of the schools under its juris- diction, to dismiss professors in certain cases, to fix salaries in accordance with the general regulations established by the Synod, and through its sub-committees to make temporary appointments of professors. Although this arrangement was not considered satisfactory or effective, it endured until 1917, when a union was effected by the three principal Norwegian church bodies — the Hauge Synod, the Norwegian Synod, and the United Church. 52 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS With the adoption by these church bodies of the constitution of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America came the establish- ment of a board which devotes its efforts exclusively to educational matters. The Board of Education of the new church body has both authority in administrative affairs and jurisdiction with re- gard to courses of study. Although it functions independently, it is, nevertheless, subordinate to the Church Council, which by paragraph 22, c, of the church constitution is invested with final authority in school matters. The Board of Education, which is composed of seven members, consists of three pastors and three laymen, of whom one-half are elected every third year for a period of six years, and the president of the Church ex-officio. The Board is empowered to appoint an executive educational secretary to aid it in its work. In 1917, by paragraph 14 of the rules for the Board of Ed- ucation, return was again made to the old method of electing teachers in full church meeting. This method immediately proved itself so impracticable in the present greatly enlarged church body, that it was repealed in 1920. In its stead provision was made whereby the Board of Education should have authority, except in the case of professors for the Seminary, to choose and appoint teachers for one year or a part thereof and even, if cir- cumstances demanded it, to make the appointment permanent. It has thus come about in the course of years, that the Lu- ther College Corporation, though unchanged in character, has been fitted into the special organization which the Church has set up to look after its educational work. Although the advisability of retaining its separate corporate existence has been questioned, ex- perience would appear to justify the findings of the committee which was appointed in 1899 and reported in 1902 against dis- solution, giving as its reasons : first, that the College was already fully in the Church's control; and, secondly, that a dissolution of the corporation might raise serious legal difficulties with regard to the legacies of which the corporation has been the recipient. It remains to be added that as, according to the laws of Iowa, incorporations of the nature of the Luther College Corporation expire at the end of fifty years, measures were taken in 1915 to renew the articles of incorporation. Finally, in 1918 a change was made, significant of the altered circumstances of language in which both the Church and the College find themselves, by strik- ing the word "Norwegian" from the official name of the Col- lege. GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 53 II. Administration In turning to a consideration of the administrative develop- ment of the College, it is well to note that Luther College is a direct descendant of the Latin School of Norway. It is a boys' school, a classical school, a boarding school. But because of its peculiar relation to the Church, Luther College has a special mis- sion to perform. This fact, and the steady and cumulative force of the college idea as it has evolved in America, have been agencies influencing the development of Luther College. Luther College in 1861 had two teachers and 16 students. Naturally the administrative problems were not of such a nature as to require a careful division of administrative duties. The president of the school exercised all administrative functions. The school took on the aspect of an enlarged family for which Pres. LUTHER COLLEGE IX THE EIGHTIES Larsen was father, pastor, and teacher. He discharged also the duties of registrar, treasurer, librarian, and disciplinarian. But with the growth of the College and the consequent in- crease in the amount of necessary administrative work, a division of labor was essential. From the first, although the president exercised a supervisory function, the problem of providing suit- able table board was placed in the hands of a steward, an ar- rangement which continued until 1896, when the students were granted permission to manage the undertaking themselves through the Luther College Boarding Club. 54 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS In 1867, the library was placed in charge of Prof. Landmark. He, and his successors in charge of the library up to 1915, had other duties in addition to their work with the library; but since 1915 the full time and effort of the librarian have been devoted to the library. Up to 1889 all classes of the College were under the direct supervision of the president. In that year, by the ap- pointment of Prof. H. W. Sheel to be principal of the Preparatory Department, much of the responsibility of the president for that department was lifted from his shoulders. In 1 890 the museum received its special officer by the appointment of Prof. W. Sihler as curator. President Laur. Larsen continued to bear one of the heaviest administrative loads, however, until 1895, for it was not until Prof. C. A. Naeseth in that year was made treasurer that the president was relieved of the multifarious details involved in car- ing for the college treasury. Although President C. K. Preus as early as 1905 recommended that a registrar be appointed, the registrar's office was not organized until 1914. Prof. O. A. Tingel- stad has been in charge since its inception and has made it a most valuable and up-to-date adjunct to the work of the College. A step much needed for the adequate maintenance of the pres- ident's office was taken in 1917, when an appropriation was granted to defray the expense of an office assistant. Since that time a stenographer has been regularly employed. One of the heaviest burdens laid upon the president is that of maintaining discipline. From time to time, various professors have been called upon to assist the president in this work. As early as 1863 Prof. L. Siewers was known as "Konrektor" (as- sistant master). In 1896-7, because of Prof. Larsen's ill-health. Prof. L. S. Reque had charge of discipline in the evenings. In 1905-6 Prof. Oscar L. Olson acted as disciplinarian to a very considerable extent. In 1906-7, upon the completion of Laur. Larsen Hall, the task of maintaining discipline in the new build- ing was turned over to Prof. M. K. Bleken, and in 1911 to the principal of the Preparatory DejDartment. In 1919-20 Prof. M. H. Trytten, and in 1920-22 Prof. B. J. Hovde, acted as dean of men in the College Department. The gradual delegation of administrative duties outlined above has been in harmony with the normal development of the College. With the present tendency to a division of the college work along departmental lines, it becomes necessary in order to harmonize conflicting interests to resort more and more to committees in handling matters of administration. Greater development in this direction can no doubt be looked for in the future. GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 55 In deliberations affecting the government and regulation of the College the Board of Professors, or faculty, plays an import- ant part. Problems affecting the courses of study are the subject of thorough discussions; in the past the initiative for most of the changes in the curriculum has come in the form of recommenda- tions from the faculty. The faculty, moreover, sits as a board in all cases involving flagrant breaches of discipline and is the de- ciding body in cases involving the expulsion of a student from the school. The president and the faculty, aside from their dis- ciplinary jurisdiction, are also intimately concerned with the gen- eral and spiritual welfare of the students. In the earlier days of the College, when the family nature of the student body and faculty was more pronounced, the character and personality of the teacher in fullest measure influenced the student by precept and example. To some extent this has changed, because of the increase in at- tendance, but a close relation between student and teacher still re- mains. For many years, too, the College has enjoyed the services of the pastors who have served the First Norwegian Lutheran Con- gregation at Decorah. During the existence of the Synod, the work of these men and of the local congregation, not least that of the women of the congregation, contributed in no small degree both to the material and the spiritual welfare of the College. Since the union of the churches in 1917, very fine relations with both Norwegian Lutheran Congregations in Decorah have been maintained. During the school year 1921-22 the plan was in- augurated of having each of the two pastors conduct the morning chapel exercises once a week. Since 1876 the physical welfare of the students has been under the direct supervision of the college physician. In 1899 a hospital building, which has since been enlarged and improved, was made possible through the gift of Mr. J. A. Johnson of Madi- son, Wisconsin. Since 1916 the College has had the services of a college nurse, a provision which has more than proved its value. Since 1919 provision has also been made for a physical director. The material problems relating to the care of buildings and grounds are directly under the supervision of the president. In the earliest days of the College the care of rooms and building was a duty of the students. With the increase in equipment, jan- itor and engineer service was placed directly in charge of the steward. With the passing of the steward, the posts of engineer, janitor, night-watchman, and electrician were established. 56 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS The last few years have witnessed a greater appreciation of the need and value of adequate publicity for the College. President Preus in 1917 laid before the Church recommendations toward this end, stressing the value of publicity as a means of obtaining ade- quate support for the College. A constructive policy of publicity keeps the College in closer touch with the body it serves. It is of value also in securing adequate recognition from the public at large and the school world in particular, and in attracting to the College a larger number of students. Lastly, it aids very materi- ally in securing the funds without which the conduct of the school would be impossible. Considerable progress has been made in this direction. The means of publicity employed consist in part of catalogs, bulletins, circulars, advertisements, and student publications such as the college papers and annuals. In 1921 the College began the pub- lication quarterly of the "Luther College Bulletin". Much atten- tion is devoted to publicity in the church and secular press, about twenty-five publications receiving copy from correspondents at the College. Great credit for the work done in this field is due the publicity committee of the College, which at present consists of Profs. C. W. Strom, B. J. Hovde, and M. H. Trytten. The College also endeavors to furnish from among its faculty mem- bers speakers for such occasions as may arise. To aid in providing for adequate and continued support, the College is in need of a financial secretary who can take charge of collections in the field and continue a steady campaign for in- creased endowments. III. Articles of Incorporatiox of the Norwegian Luther College of Decorah^ Iowa {As amended and adopted by the Luther College Corporation in 1917) Article 1. "We, the undersigned, Herman Amberg Preus, of Leeds, Wisconsin; Thore Peterson, of Calmar, Iowa; and Gulbrand T. Lom- men, of Decorah, Iowa; do hereby form ourselves into a body corporate to be known as the Norwegian Luther College of Decorah, Iowa, and as such corporation to possess the privileges and exercise the powers pro- vided by law. Article 2. The purposes of this corporation are the establishment of a Collegiate Institution in the town of Decorah, of a religious and ed- ucational character, to provide suitable buildings and grounds there- for, engage teachers, provide libraries, apparatus and all other things necessary for the successful conduct of the same. Article 3. The members of this association and corporation shall consist of the pastors of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran congre- gations connected with the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America and the representatives of said congregations at the regular triennial meeting of said Church, chosen in accordance with its discipline and usage. GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 57 Article 4. The officers of this corporation shall be a president, secre- tary, treasurer, and a Board of six Trustees to be chosen in such man- ner, time, and place as shall be specified by the By-Laws of the corpora- tion. The president and secretary shall be members of said board ex- officio. The president and the professors of the College shall together constitute a board or faculty with such powers as may be conferred upon them by the By-Laws. The corporation at all its meetings, annual and special, shall choose a chairman who shall hold the position during the session. Article 5. The following named persons shall constitute the officers of this corporation for the first year of its existence and until their successors are elected, viz.: Rev. Herman Amberg Preus, president; Rev. V. Koren, secretary; Prof. Laur. Larsen, treasurer; Thore Peter- son, Gulbrand T. Lommen, N. Brandt, Jens J. Naeset, Tjerand John- son, Rev. O. J. Hjort, trustees. Said election shall be held at the first meeting of the corporation held after the 1st day of January, A. D. 1866. Article 6. The affairs of this corporation shall be managed and con- trolled by the Board of Trustees, subject to the by-laws of this corpora- tion defining the duties of the officers and prescribing their mode of procedure in transacting the business of the corporation. Article 7. The private property of the members of this corporation shall be exempt from liability for the debts thereof. Article 8. All conveyances of property of this corporation shall be taken in the name of the corporation as set forth in Article 1 hereof. Article 9. Any of these articles may be amended and other articles added thereto at any meeting of the members of this corporation. Article 10. The president and members of the Church Council of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America and their successors in those offices are hereby constituted a Board of Visitors for the College, and shall have such powers, including the right of visitation and calling of special meetings of the corporation, as may be conferred upon them by the by-laws of the corporation. By-Laws of the Norwegiak Luther College of Decorah, Iowa 1. The Board of Trustees shall have, when not otherwise provided, the general management of the affairs of the corporation, keep the buildings and other property of the corporation in good repair, make all necessary improvements to the same, procure such libraries and ap- paratus as the board of professors may deem necessary for the success- ful conduct of the College. Provided, that in no event shall the Trustees be authorized to expend annually a greater sum than $1,000 (one thousand dollars) without first submitting the same to the annual meeting of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, for their ap- proval. A majority of the said Board of Trustees shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. 2. The president, secretary, treasurer, and Board of Trustees shall be elected triennially at such time and place as said Church shall hold its regular meeting. The regular meeting of this corporation will be held at the same time and place. And whenever a vacancy shall occur, the Board of Trustees shall have the power to fill such vacancy from among the members of the corporation. Notice of regular meetings of the corporation shall be announced by the president, by publication of the same in such newspapers as the Board of Trustees shall direct at least four weeks previous to the day of the meeting. 3. The judges of said election shall be three in number and shall be elected at the time from the members of the corporation. It shall be 58 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS their duty to report at once the result of said election in writing under their hands to the president and secretary of the corporation. 4. The president, secretary, treasurer and Board of Trustees so elected shall hold their respective offices until their successors are elected and qualified. Before entering upon the duties of his office, the treasurer shall be required to execute a bond, in such sum as the Board of Trustees may require. The president shall have the general supervision of the affairs of the College, shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Trustees and board of professors, and in cases of an equal division at these meetings shall have, in addition to his vote as a member, the de- ciding vote, and shall sign all contracts and orders on the treasurer for the payment of money; in case of his absence or disability, these last duties shall devolve upon a president pro tem. to be chosen from their number by the Board of Trustees. He may call meetings of the Board of Trustees or board of professors when he shall deem it necessary — and shall do so when requested by three members of the board of which a meeting is desired. 5. The number of the professors for the College, their respective duties and compensation, shall be fixed by the Board of Visitors, in ac- cordance with the resolutions made by the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, and the appointment and removal of such professors shall be made in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by said Church. 6. The professors of the College shall constitute a board with power to admit students to the College and expel them therefrom for improper conduct and to make and enforce such rviles and regulations, not in- consistent with those made by the corporation or by the Board of Visitors as they may consider necessary for the good government and discipline of the College. 7. It is hereby made the duty of the Board of Visitors to make rules prescribing the terms of admission into the College, the amount of preparatory knowledge and other qualifications required for admis- sion, and make such other rules and regulations as they may deem best for the guidance of the board of professors in maintaining the good government and discipline of the College. 8. It shall be the duty of the Board of Trustees to make an annual report of the financial condition of the College to the corporation at its annual meeting — and if no annual meeting shall be held in any year, then such report shall be made at that time to the Board of Visitors. 9. The secretary shall attend and keep a record of the proceedings of all meetings of the Board of Trustees and of the corporation; shall keep a record of all elections of officers, keep a correct account of all the business transactions of the corporation, in books to be provided for that purpose, and attend to the correspondence of the corporation; his books and papers shall be always open for inspection by any mem- ber of the Board of Trustees or Board of Visitors. 10. The treasurer shall receive and keep all moneys belonging to the corporation and shall disburse the same only on the written order of the president. He shall keep full and correct accounts of all moneys and property by him received and disbursed on account of this corpora- tion, and shall render a statement of the same annually to the Board of Trustees and to the annual meeting of the corporation, and at such other times as he may be called upon therefor by the Board of Trustees and Board of Visitors, or either of them. The books of the treasurer and his vouchers, shall be always open for inspection by any member of the Board of Trustees or Board of Visitors. 11. The members of the Board of Visitors shall individually and col- lectively have the right of visitation to the College at any and all GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 59 times. And it is hereby made the duty of all the officers of this corp.;ra- tion, as also all the professors and teachers, to exhibit to them, when required, all the books and records of the College and corporation and give them every facility for acquiring a knowledge of the condition of the institution. And it is hereby made the duty of the said Board of Visitors to report to each annual meeting of the corporation the result of their examinations into the affairs of the College, and any defects observed by them in the management of the same, financial or otherwise, and make such suggestions as they may deem best adapted to remedy such defects. 12. Whenever a two-thirds majority of the Board of Visitors shall decide that the interests of the College require that a special meeting of the corporation be held, it shall be the duty of the president of the Board of Visitors to call such a meeting. Four weeks' notice of any meeting so called shall be given by publishing the same in some news- paper to be designated by the Board of Visitors and by mailing a copy of such notice through the post office to each pastor of a congregation who is a member of this corporation, and thereupon it shall be the duty of the pastors so notified, to cause lay-members of their congregations to be elected in accordance with the discipline and usages of the Nor- wegian Lutheran Church of America. Said notice shall name the time, place and object of the meeting; and unless two-thirds of the said pastors and a like number of lay delegates representing congregations be in attendance upon the meeting so called, no other business than that named in the notice shall be translated. ("Den Norsk Lutherske Kirke i Amerikas Beretning", 1917, 553-555. For the original articles of in- corporation and by-laws see "Synodalhaandbog", 1901, 23-34-.) IV. Roster I. Church Officials PRESIDENTS 18C5-1866. 1. Rev, Adolph Carl Preus, 1853-1862. ^ gev. Johnnnes Bjerk Frich 1866-1867. 2. Rev. Herman Amberg Preus, 1862- §. Rev. Christian Mathias Hvistendahl, 1894 1867-1868 3. Dr.'uh-ik Vilhelm Keren, 1894-1910. »■ ^fl" ^emt Julius Ingebrigtsen Muus, 4. Dr. Hans Gerhard Stub, 1910- ,, ^^^^^'^^p^"- . , 10. Rev. Torger Andre:is Torgerson, VICE-PRESIDENTS ^j j^^^ --^J^'^ j^ji^^ inggbrigtsen Muus, 1. Rev. Claus Lauritz Clausen, 1855- 1871-1872. 1856. 12. Rev. Johannes Bjerk Frich, 1872- 2. Rev Nils Olsen Brandt, 1857-1871. 1878. 3. Dr. Ulrik Vilhelm Keren, 1894-1910. 13. Rev. Ludvig Marinus Bi0rn, 1879- 4. Dr. Peter Laurentius Larsen, 1876- 1887. 1893. 14. Rev. Halver Halvorsen, 1887-1896. 5. Dr. Ulrik Vilhelm Keren, 1893-1894. is. Rev. J0rgen Nordbv, 1896-1908. 6. Prof. Johannes Bjerk Frich, 1895- 16. Rev. Daniel Christopherson Jerdahl, 1899 1908-1917. 7. Rev. Halver Halvorsen, 1899-1905. 17. Rev. Ole J. Kvale, 1917- 8. Dr. Hans Gerhard Stub, 1905-1910. 18. Rev. Nels Johnson L0hre, 1917- 9. Prof. Christian Keyser Preus, 1911- 1917. TREASURERS 10. Dr. John Nathan Kildahl, 1917-1920. , Thorp Hpls-P^pn i8=i-isfiq 11. Rev. Hans Christian Helm, 1922- ^ Sramf oisen, 1863 1865-. cTTT'T>T?T M}jvc ^- ^^'ot. Lydcr Siewers, 1865-1869 i5lit,Kt,lAKllih 4. Dr. Peter Laurentius Larsen, 1869- 1. Dr. Ulrik Vilhelm Keren, 1855-1857. 1871. 2. Rev. Jakeb Aall Ottesen, 1857-1859. 5. Gulbrnnd 0. Rustad, 1871-1899. 3. Rev. Nils Edward Schancke Jensen, 6 Rev. Halver Bj0rnsen Hustvedt, 1899- 1859-1861. 1905. 4. Rev. Jakeb Aall Ottesen, 1861-1864. 7 Rev. Michael Olsen Borge, 1905-1911. 5. Dr. Peter Laurentius Larsen, 1864- 8 Rev. Halver Bj0rnson Hustvedt, 1911- 1865. 1917. fi. Rev. Bernt Julius Ingebrigtsen Muus, 9. Erik Waldeland, 1917- 60 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS CHURCH COUNCIL (Kirkeraad) Aadnesen, A., 1857-61. Aastad, Rev. Ivar Torgerson, 1920- Anderson, A. A., 1921- Anderson, N , 1917-1920. Anderson, P. B., 1917- Aslaksen, Ole, 1881-1888. Bj0rgo, Rev. Knut Knutsen, 1893-1917. Borlaug, Mikael J., 1882-1888. Brandt, Rev. Nils Olsen, 1855, 1857- 1871. B0rresen, E. N., 1894-1899. B0e, Rev. Nils Nilsen, 1918- Clausen, Rev. Claus Lauritz, 1855- 1857. Dietrichson, Rev. Gustav Fredrik, 185.3-1855 Eastvold, Rev. Carl Jolian, 1917- Edwards, Gunder, 1893-1899. Ellefsen, Erik, 1855-1857. Finseth, Knut K., 1869-1871. Finseth, Ole K., 1876-1881. Finseth, Anders Knudson, 1888-1894, 1895-1899. Fosmark, John Oleson, 1853-1855. Foss, Rev. Ludvig Colbj0rnsen, 1898- Frich, Prof. Johannes Bjerk, 1877- 1888. Gudmundsen, Osmund M., 1920- Halvorsen, Rev. Halvor, 1893-1903. Hanson. Hon. T. O., 1910-1915. Harstad, Rev. Bjug Aanondson, 1884-1893, 1894-1898. Hegg, John, 1917-1920. Hendrickson, Rev. Peder Anton, 1908-1917. Henryson, T. T., 1920- Holm, Rev. Hans Christian, 1917- Ingebrigtsen, Ivar, 1855-1857. Jacobson, Prof. Axel, 1914-1917. Jacobson, Nils, 1877-1887. Jenson, Andrew, 1899-1914. Johnson, Tjerand, 1859-1861, 1863- 1869. Jordahl, Rev. Daniel Cliristopherson, 1916-1917. Juul, Rev. Ole, 1888-1893. Kaasa, Jens Olsen, 1873-1877, 1879- 1882. Kiland, Gustav H., 1896-1902. Koren, Dr. Uliik Vilhelm, 1861-1910. Larson, Lewis, 1917- Larson, Walter E., 1917-1920. Lavik, Rev. Johannes Rasmussen, 1917-. Leque, Nels P., 1914-1917. Lie, Lars J., 1853-1855, 1857-1859. 46. Lie, Johannes E. Johnson, 1869-1873. 47. Linde, A. P , 1875-1876. 48. Lommen, Gulbrand T., 1857-1859, 1861-1876, 1877-1879. 49. Lucky, Capt. C. J., 1905-1906. 50. Lund, S. B , 1887-1890. 51. Lundberg, Carl, 1893-1896. 52. Midboe, Jakob, 1861-1863. 53. Muus, Rev. Bernt Julius Ingebrigtsen, 1876-1885. 54. Myhre, Gulbrand, 1853-1855. 55. Myron, Hans, 1902-1910. 56. Naeset, Jens J., 1863-1869, 1870-1877, 1887-1893. 57. Nordby, Rev. J0rgen, 1907- 58. Olsnaes, Aslak, 1859-1863. 59. Opsund, Gunder M, 1917- 60. Paulsrud, Rev. Gilbert Olson, 1917- 1918. 61. Pederson, Magnus, 1908- 02. Preus, Rev. Adolph Carl, 1853-1862. 63. Preus, Rev. Herman Amberg, 1853- 1861, 1862-1894. 64. Raabolle, Nils J., 1871-1875. 65. Rasmussen, Rev. Peter Andreas, 1871-1877. 66. Rossing, Chr. A , 1890-1893. 67. Rossing, Capt. Torkild A., 1915-1917. 68. Saetra, E. O., 1894-1895. 69. Saetra, Tosten C, 1908-1914. 70. Sagen, Rev. Andreas Kittelson, 1903- 1907. 71. Skindlov, Rev. Anders Mathias, 1917- 72. Skipsnaes, Jens (Hon. J. A. John- son) 1855-1857 73. Steensland, Prof. Morton M., 1920- 74. Strom, Hon. Herbj0rn H., 1905-1907. 75. Stub, Dr. Hans Gerhard, 1910- 76. Stubb, Ludvig 0., 190C-1908. 77. Sundheim, Rev. J0rgen M., 1917- 1920. 78. Swenson, Hon. Lauritz Selmer, 1921- 79. Thompson, J. B., 1893-189C. 80. Thoi-pe, Hon. Lars Olsen, 1905-1921. 81. Thykesen, Eivind, 1876-1887. 82. Tingelstad, Bent, 1899-1902. 83. Torgerson, Rev. Torger Andreas, 1894-1906. 84. Torrison, Thomas E., 1899-1905. 85. Tvete, Nils K., 1896-1899. 86. Tweten, Ole, 1917- 87. Vangsnes, Rev. Ole Pedersen, 1916. 88. Wollan, Michael A., 1888-1894. 89. Ylvisaker, Andreas Christian, 1905. 90. Ylvisaker, Rev. Ivar Daniel, 1917- IJ 1899- 2. Luther College Corporation Officials ORIGINAL INCORPORATORS Feb. 1, 1865 1. Rev. Herman Amberg Preus, Leeds, Wis. 2. Thore Peterson (Skotland), Calmar. Iowa. 3. Gulbrand T. Lommen, Decorah, Iowa. PRESIDENTS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 1. Rev. Herman Amberg Preus, Leeds, Wis., 186.5-1871. 2. Dr. Peter Laurentius Larsen, Decor- ah, Iowa, 1871-1902. 3. Prof. Christian Keyser Preus, De- corah, Iowa, 1902-1921. 4. Dr. Trond Stabo, Decorah, Iowa, 1921- SECRETARIES OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 1. Dr. Ulrik Vilhelm Koren, Decorah, Iowa, 1865-1871. 2. Prof. Knut Ellefsen Bergh, Decorah, Iowa, 1871-1873. 3. Prof. Jacob D. Jacobsen, Decorah, Iowa, 1873-1881. 4. Prof. Lars S. Reque, Decorah, Iowa, 1881-1893, 1899-1902, 1914-1916. 5. Prof. Christen Andreas T. Naeseth, Decorah, Iowa, 1893-1899, 1902-1914. GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 61 6. Rev. Kristen Kvamme, Ossian, Iowa, 1861-1864, 1871-1899. 7. Dr. Oscar Ludvig Olson, Decorah, Iowa, 1917- TREASURERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 1. Gulbrand O. Rustad, Decorah, Iowa, 1871-1899. 2. Prof. Lyder Siewers, Decorah, Iowa, 1864-1865. 3. Dr. Peter Laurentius Larsen, Decorah, Iowa, 1865-1871. 4. Rev. Halvor Bj0rnson Hustvedt, De- corah, Iowa, 1899-1905, 1914-1920. 5. Rev. Michael Olsen Borge, Decorah, Iowa, 1905-1914. 6. Rev. Knute Olson Eittreim, Decorah, Iowa, 1920- MEMBERS OF BOARD OF TRUSTEES 1. Rev. Herman Amberg Preus, Leeds, Wis., 1865-1871. 2. Dr. Ulrik Vllhelm Koren, Decorah, Iowa, 1865-1871. 3. Dr. Peter Laurentius Larsen, De- corah, Iowa, 1865-1913. 4. Thore Peterson (Skotland), Calmar, Iowa, 1865-1875. 5. Gulbrand T. Lommen, Decorah, Iowa, 1865-1871. 6. Rev. Nils Olsen Brandt, Decorah, Iowa, 1865-1871. 7. Jens J. Naeset, Stoughton, Wis., a865- 1871, 187.5-1884, 1887-1890. 8. Tjerand Johnson, Leeds, Wis., 1865- 1871. 9. Rev. Ove Jakob Hjort, Dalby, Iowa, 1865-1878. BOARD OF 10. Prof. Knut E. Bergh, Decorah, Iowa, 1871-1873. 11. EUing E. Void, Decorah, Iowa, 1871- 1876. 12. Jens Olson Kaasa, Chicago, 111., 1871- 1875. 13. Hon. L. K. Aaker, Alexandria, Minn., 1871-1887. 14. John Oleson Fosmark, Leeds, Wis , 1871-1875. 15. Prof. Jacob D. Jacobsen, Decorah, Iowa, 1873-1881. 16. Osuld Torrison, Manitowoc, Wis., 1875- 1884. 17. O. N. Olsen, Decorah, Iowa, 1875-1876. 18. Anders Kittilsby, Calmar, Iowa, 1876- 1884. 19. Nils N. Kjome, Decorah, Iowa, 1878- 1881. 20. Prof. Lars S. Reque, Decorah, Iowa, 1881-1893, 1899-1902, 1914-1916. 21. Halvor Nilsen, Gem, Iowa, 1881-1884. 22. Rev. Torger Andreas Torgerson, Bris- tol, Iowa, 1881-1884, 1887-1902. 23. Iver Larsen, Decorah, Iowa, 1884-1887. 24. A. Anderson, Des Moines, Iowa, 1884- 1887. 25. Gulbrand Saetrang, Waterville, Iowa, 1884-1887. 26. Hon. Tollef Sanderson, Harmony, Minn., 1884-1887. 27. Hon. Halle Steensland, Madison, Wis., 1884-1887. 28. Thomas E. Torrison, Manitowoc, Wis., 1887-1893. 29. Nils Larsen, Hesper, Iowa, 1887-1902. 30. Hon. Lars Olsen Thorpe, Willmar, Minn., 1887-1890. 31. L. O. Moen, Calmar, Iowa, 1887-1899. TRUSTEES Rev. O. E. Schmidt Hon. A. H. Dahl Mr. I. A. Thorson 62 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS 0. K. Simmons, Red Wing, Minn., 1890-1902. Prof. Wilhelm Magnus Herman Peter- sen, St. Paul, Minn., 1890-1893. Prof. Christen Andreas T. Naeseth, Decorali, Iowa, 1893-1899, 1902-1914. Andrew Jenson, Edgerton, Wis., 1893- 1899. Jno. Lienl0kken, La Crosse, Wis., 1893-1899. Gunder Edwards, Deerfield, Wis., 1899-1914 G. A. Nystrom, Calmar, Iowa, 1899- 1908. Hon. Anders Knudson Finseth, Ken- yon, Minn., 1899-1905. Prof. Cliristian Keyser Pi-eus, De- corah, Iowa, 1902-1921. Rev. Ole Pedersen Vangsnes, Story City, Iowa, 1902-190.5. R. H. Boxrud, Red Wing, Minn., 1902- 1908. Rev. Thomas Nilsson, Ridgeway, Iowa, 1905-1908. Vegger Gulbrandson, Albert Lea, Minn., 1905-1914 Rev. Halvor Bj0rnson Hustvedt, De- corah, Iowa, 1908-1920. Chr. Boxrud, Red Wing, Minn., 1908- 1911. O. A. Tenold. Calmar, Iowa, 1908-1914 Dr. C. L. Opsal, Red Wing, Minn., 1911-1914. Dr. Trond Stabo, Decorah, Iowa, 1914- Rev. Kristen Kvamme, Ossian, Iowa, 1914-1920. Hon. Andrew H. Grindeland, Warren, Minn., 1911-1920. Hon. A. H Dahl, Westby, Wis., 1914- C. A. Erstad, Zumbrota, Minn., 1914- 1920. Dr. Oscar Ludvlg Olson, Decorah, Iowa, 1917- Rev. Otto Emil Schmidt, Decorah, Iowa, 1920- Borger Hanson, Decorah, Iowa, 1920- 1921. Hon. Lnuritz Selmer Swenson, Min- neapolis, Minn., 1920-1921. 58. Prof. James Christian Meinich Han- son, Chicago, 111., 1920- 59. Gov. Jacob Aall Ottesen Preus, St. Paul, Minn., 1921- 60. Ivar August Thorson, Minneapolis, Minn., 1922- BOARD OF DIRECTORS 1. Dr. Ulrik Vilhelm Koren, 1909-1910. 2. Prof. Chrisian Keyser Preus, 1909-1917. 3. Dr. Olaf Elias Brandt, 1909-1910- 1911- 1913. 4. Prof. Zakarias J. Ordal, 1909-1917. 5. Hon. Lauritz Selmer Swenson, 1909- 1911 6. Dr. George A. Torrison, 1909-1917. 7. Rev. Ole J. Kvale, 1909-1917. 8. Rev. Henrik Johannesen Strand, 1909- 1911. 9 Rev. Karl Anderson Kasberg, 1909- 1911. 10. Dr. Hans Gerhard Stub, 1910-1917. 11. Dr. Johannes Thorbj0rnsen Ylvisaker, 1910-1911, 1913-1914. 12. Rev. Gustav Torgerson Lee, 1911-1917. 13. Prof. Daniel Gustav Jacobsen, 1911- 1914. 14. Rev. Alfred Otto Johnson, 1911-1914. 15. Rev. Henry E. Solum, 1914-1917. 16. Rev. Christen Andreas Davick, 1914- 1917 17. Prof. Filing Hove, 1916-1917. • BOARD OF EDUCATION 1. Dr. Hans Gerhard Stub, 1917- 2. Rev. Ole Gabriel Ueland Siljan, 1917- 1920. 3. Dr. Lars Wilhelm Boe (Exec. Educa- tional Sec'y), 1917-1918 4. Rev. Edward Johnson, 1917- 5. Rev. Ole J. Kvale, 1917- 6. Dr. John E. Granrud, 1917-1920. 7. Dr. George A Torrison, 1917- 8. Prof. Carl C. Swain, 1917- 9. Prof. Lauritz Andreas Vigness, (Exec. Ed. Sec'y), 1918- 10. Rev. J0rgen M Sundheim, 1920- 11. Prof. Peder J. Eikeland, 1920- 3. Luther College Officials PRESIDENTS 1. Dr. Peter Laurentius Larsen, 1861- 1902. 2. Prof. Christian Keyser Preus, 1902- 1921. 3. Dr. Oscar Ludvig Olson (Acting), 1921- President Enieritns 1. Dr. Peter Laurentius Larsen, 1911- 1915. PRINCIPALS, LUTHER COLLEGE PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT 1. Prof. Herman W. Sheel, 1889-1891, 1896-1911. 2. Prof. Gisle Bothne, 1891-1896. 3. Prof. Oscar Adolf Tingelstad, 1911- 1912, 1917-1919. 4. Prof. Hans S.iurson Hilleboe, 1912-1917. 5. Prof. Hans Fred Swansen, 1919-1920. 6. Prof. Leonard Alton Moe, 1920- LIBRARIANS 1. Prof. Gabriel Hetting Landmark, 1867- 1876. 2. Prof. Jacob Daniel Jacobsen, 1876- 1881. 3. Prof. Olaus J. Breda, 1881-1882. 4. Prof. Halvard G. RoTlkvam, 1882-1886. 5. Pi-of. Emil Johan Petersen, 1886-1887. 6. Prof. Christen Andreas T. Naeseth, 1887-1920. 7. Prof. Karl Theodor Jacobsen, 1920- ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN Prof. Enoch Ernest Peterson, 1912-1921. CURATORS OF THE MUSEUM 1. Prof. William Sihler, 1890-1895. 2. Prof. Haldor J. Hanson, 1895-1902. 3. Prof. George Mnrkhus, 1902-1906. 4. Prof. Herman W. Sheel, 1906-1911. 5. Prof. Martinus Kristiansen Bleken, 1906-1910. 6. Prof. Knut Gjerset, 1921- TREASURERS 1. Dr. Peter Laurentius Larsen, 1861- 1895. 2. Prof. Christen Andreas T. Naeseth, 1895-1908, 1909-1913, 1914-1915. 3. Prof. Theodore Elmer Thompson. 1908-1909. GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 63 4. Prof. Bertinius K. Savre, 1913-1914. 1915-1918. 5. Miss Cathinka Preus (Mrs. K. D. Stal- land), 1918-1920. 6. Prof. Knute Olson Eittreim, 1920- ASSISTANT TREASURER Prof. Oswald Benjamin Overn, 191C-1917. REGISTRAR 1. Prof. Oscar Adolf Tingelstad. 1914- ASSISTANT REGISTRAR 1. Prof. Carl Walther Strom, 1920- COLEEGE PASTORS 1. Dr. Peter Laurentius Larsen, 1861- 1865. 2. Rev. Nils Olsen Brandt, 1865-1882. 3. Rev. Thore Eggen, 1882-1888. 4. Prof. Amund Mikkelsen, 1889. 5. Rev. Johan Thorbj0rn Ylvisaker, 1889- 1890. 6. Rev. Markus Fredrik Wiese, 1890-1891. 7. Prof. Elling Hove, 1891-1894. 8. Rev. Jacob Aall Ottesen, 1894-1896. 9. Dr. Hans Gerhard Stub, 1896-1900. 10. Rev. Bernt Askevold, 1900-1901. 11. Rev. Isaac Bertinus Torrison, 1901- 12. Rev. Ole Glesne, 1917- COLLEGE PHYSICIANS 1. Dr. A C. Smith, 1876-1905. 2. Dr. Carsten Smith, 1905-1906. 3. Dr. Trond Stabo, 1906- COLLEGE NURSES 1. Miss Olivia Peterson, 1916-1917. 2 Miss Theresse E. Arneson (Mrs. B. J. Hovde"), 1917-1921. 3. Miss Nora Walhus, 1921- STEWARDS 1. Kr. Nilsen (and wife), 1861-1862. 2. Mrs. Elisabeth Lomen (Stewardess), 1862-1868. Gulbrand Lommen, assistant. Ole P. Dalemo, assistant. 3 J. T. Kr0ger, 1868-1871. 4. Ole A. Larson, 1871-1875. 5. Jens L. Lee, 1875-1877. 6. P. Thonipsen, 1877-1878. 7. B. Fryslie, 1878-1884 8. 0. K. Haga, 1884-1888. 9. C. Clausen, 1888-1894. 1(1. B. Berntsen, 1891-1896 Since 1896 the Luther College Boarding Club has provided board for the students. ENGINEERS 1. O. P. Anderson, 1894-1899. 2. Hans L. Rygg, 1899-1910. 3. Ole Korsrud, 1910- ELECTRICIAN Ole Korsrud, 1901- JANITORS Even Rudd, 1899. Hans L. Rygg, 1899-1900. Ingebrigt Indvik. Christian Stenseth, 1921- NIGHT WATCHMEN Johannes Andresen. Hans L. Rygg. Enocli Rygg. Ole Korsrud. Helge Ovloe. HELGE OYLOE OLE KORSRUD 1 JOHANNES ANDRESEN CHAPTER FOUR PRESIDENTS AND PRINCIPALS Francis E. Peterson IT is quite unique that in the first sixty years of its existence Luther College had only two presidents. Stability and a definite educational aim are first characteristics of Luther College, and may be said to be exemplified by few changes in the presi- vdency. Dr. Laur. Larsen was the first president and served un- interruptedly from 1861 to 1902, a period of forty-one years. To few men is it given to devote themselves for so long a time to the service of one school, and especially as president. It is not strange that Dr. Larsen was called "The Grand Old Man of Luther Col- lege". Rev. C. K. Preus became president in 1902 and served continuously until his death in the spring of 1921. Dr. Oscar L. Olson, the third president, entered upon his duties during the present school year, 1921-22, which is the sixty-first school year. Dr. Laur. Larsen Peter Laurentius Larsen, or as he himself signed his name, Laur. Larsen, was born August 10, 1833, in Christiansand, Nor- way. His parents were Herman Larsen, an army officer, and Elen Else Marie (nee Oftedahl), daughter of a member of the Eidsvold "rigsforsamling" in 1814. Peter was the oldest of nine children. The home life was comfortable and happy, although the family was by no means in easy circumstances. At nine years of age the boy entered the so-called Kathedral school in Christian- sand, where he easily ranked as one of the first in his class. Dr. Larsen often remarked that he considered himself fortunate in his teachers; at this school it was particularly Prof. Chr. Thiste- dahl for whom he expressed admiration. In 1850 he matriculated at the University of Christiania for the study of theology; here he considered he had two especially inspiring teachers: Profes- sors G. Johnson and C. P. Caspari. He supported himself by tutoring. He had always planned to enter the ministry, and so engrossed did he become in his studies that his health was affected and he was forced to discontinue for half a year. Meantime he stayed with an uncle. Rev. P. F. Bassoe, near Moss, and served as teacher for the children in the family. In 1855 he completed his theological course; however, he continued in Christiania as PETER LAURENTIUS LARSEN (Laur. Larsen) 66 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS teacher of languages — German, French, and Hebrew — both pri- vately and in school. But very soon the urgent call for pastors from the Norwegian pioneer settlements in America appealed to him as a splendid opportunity for genuine Christian service. Ac- cordingly he was ordained September 23, 1857, by Pastor Rode, and left soon afterwards for America. On November 2nd of that year he preached his first sermon in America near Rush River, Wisconsin, in the attic of a house being built as a parsonage. From Rush River he made long trips and organized many con- gregations. In 1859 he accepted the call from the Synod to oc- cupy the chair of theology at Concordia Seminary in St. Louis as special professor for the Norwegian students there; he entered upon his duties on October 14, 1859, from which date he reckoned his professorship in America. In his work here he was associated with Dr. C. F. W. Walther, "the Luther among the Germans in America"; but the Civil War disrupted the work, and Prof. Lar- sen left St. Louis in 1861 to become the first president of Luther College. It is natural that in the minds of most people Dr. Larsen lives as the teacher and educator. But he rendered services in other capacities within the Church which in kind and amount would alone give him a high place among our pioneer leaders. He served as editor of "Kirkelig Maanedstidende", 1868-74; and of "Ev. Luthersk Kirketidende", 1874-89 and 1902-12. In view of the pioneer conditions and the resultant constructive nature of church work in the settlements, coupled with the difficulties attend- ing the "Predestination Controversy", this was an important and unusually trying position in the Church. Dr. Larsen wielded a mighty influence for good in this work. He was always a mem- ber of a number of important church committees, and as chairman for years of the Foreign Mission Committee he rendered invalu- able service, in the interest of the Schreuder Mission especially. He was vice president of the Iowa District, 1876-79; vice presi- dent of the Norwegian Synod, 1876-93; and chairman of the Lu- theran Synodical Conference, 1881-83. After his resignation from the presidency of Luther College, in 1902, he continued as professor of Hebrew until 1911 when he was made President Emeritus. With all his duties as teacher. Dr. Larsen often preached — several times a month, sometimes — in Decorah and elsewhere; and in 1882-84 he served the Decorah Congregation as regular pastor. Dr. Larsen was many times honored. He was guest of honor at several Luther College banquets. On October 22, 1884, was PRESIDENTS AND PRINCIPALS 67 celebrated his twenty-fifth anniversary as teacher, and in 1909 a host of friends observed his fiftieth anniversary as teacher. The house which was his home the last eighteen years was a gift from his former students. In 1903 Concordia Seminary in St. Louis conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity; and in 1908 he was made Knight of the First Order of St. Olav by King Haakon VII of Norway. Dr. Larsen was twice married. From the first marriage — in 1855 with Karen Radine Neuberg, who died in 1871 — there were four children: Thora, wife of Dr. J. W. Magelssen, died 1908; Marie, died as missionary in South Africa 1899; Henrietta, wife of Rev. K. Xavier, died 1904; and Herman, L. C. '89, physician, died 1895. From the second marriage — with Ingeborg Astrup in 1872 — there were eight children, all living: Hannah, editor "American-Scandinavian Review", New York City; Nikolai As- trup, L. C. '96, missionary to China; Karen, A. M., teacher, St. Olaf College; Ingeborg, position in Library, St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minn.; Lauritz, L. C. '02, D. D., S. T. D., LL. D., president National Lutheran Council, New York City; Signe, Mrs Clifford Elder, Atchison, Kansas; Jakob, L. C. '08, Rhodes Scholar, Oxford, 1911-14 (M. A. '20), asst. professor. State Uni- versity of Washington; and Henning, L. C. '08, Ph. D., Prince- ton, asst. professor. State University of Iowa. Dr. Larsen suffered a stroke on Christmas Eve, 1913. He rallied, but had a second stroke; and he died on March 1, 1915. He is buried in the Norwegian Lutheran Cemetery, Decorah, Iowa. Dr. Larsen's life is so bound up with the history of Luther College that it is quite impossible to write about him apart from that history. It has rightly been said that his biography is very largely the history of Luther College. Dr. Larsen was a pioneer educator within the Church, and his work was beset with many problems. He was fully equal to the task. God had given him a rugged physique, and otherwise entrusted to him gifts and qualities which admirably fitted him for this work. But one thing characterized him more than any other one thing: he possessed a remarkably childlike faith in God and His providence. In all things he was guided by this implicit faith. Truly Dr. Larsen was equipped to serve the Church as president of a Christian college; and it was his spiritual equip- ment that often brought him through difficulties when all purely human qualifications availed nothing. One of the first practical problems to confront Dr. Larsen as 68 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS president of Luther College was that of adapting the parsonage at Halfway Creek to the needs of sixteen students and two pro- fessors' families. In spite of very crowded quarters, Dr. Larsen managed somehow; and undoubtedly, those were very profitable and happy school days. But the need of more room was urgent. Even after the school had been moved to Decorah, in 1862, and occupied more com- modious quarters in what is now the St. Cloud Hotel, it soon out- grew its space again, for the number of students increased. To relieve the situation by providing a larger and permanent build- ing on the site secured for that purpose by Rev. V. Koren, pre- sented many difficulties. Nevertheless, Prof. Larsen and his as- sociates proceeded to carry out that plan. Messrs. Griese and Weile, Cleveland architects, submitted plans with an estimated cost of $28,000.00. It seems strange that the seven ministers and twenty-five congregations did not at once decide that the price was prohibitive. Not only were the church people of that time poor, but they had been accustomed to the State Church of Nor- way, which is supported by taxation; and they were contributing as best they could to their congregations out in the settlements. Ground was broken for a building in 1863. But difficulty followed upon difficulty, and the completion of the building was delayed over winter. At times it was impossible to get material, and there was a sharp advance in prices; transportation to the "Far West" was unreliable; the working men struck; and it was necessary to pay the architects more than the contract price. Prof. Larsen was a member of the building committee. All these trials were added to the numerous difficulties of his routine work. The cost far exceeded the estimate. At the dedication, in 1865, it had reached $75,000.00. Humanly speaking, it seemed impossible to meet the payments. Indeed, at the next synod meeting genuine fear was expressed that the Church would lose the building through default of payment. Prof. Larsen, however, never permitted even such serious difficulties to discourage him. He always acted on the implicit faith that he was a servant of God carrying out His purposes. In his reports to the Synod there was never a trace of complaint; however, he was firm and fearless in calling upon fellow pastors and the church people to support the school. Naturally the money stringency continued even after the close of the war. There was very little money among people, and many young men were prevented from starting at Luther College, much as they wanted to ; and those who entered were often uncertain how long they could stay. For many years Dr. Larsen reported PRESIDENTS AND PRINCIPALS 69 to the Synod that many students had been forced to discontinue. Prof. Larsen pleaded the cause of needy students; and many ministers and others owe their education at Luther College direct- ly to Prof. Larsen for somehow providing funds for them even in those stringent times. Another serious problem with which Prof. Larsen had to cope — and one which is not felt in the same way now — was the matter of securing teachers. For many years Norwegian continued to be the medium of instruction, and with no schools in this country preparing men for such teaching positions, it was necessary to look to Norway for practically every professor. And even there they were not easily obtained. In 1883 Prof. Larsen went to Nor- way largely for the purpose of engaging teachers ; after much dif- ficulty he secured two. Prof. Larsen reported at one time that two professors had resigned during the same school year. He evidently considered this a distressing problem; he insisted that the teachers make the school, and he was not willing to engage anybody and everybody as teachers at Luther College, Concern- ing the language situation, Prof. Larsen wrote in the college cat- alog even as early as 1886: "Of the tvv^o languages which we must use here, the College has always stressed English more and more; and when the time comes that the development demands it, Lu- ther College will be glad to give the language of this our new country precedence over Norwegian." After a few years the time had come to build the south wing provided for in the original plan. Again there was the problem of money. But the wing was added in 1873-74, even before the necessary money had been subscribed; and it was paid for with no real difficulty. A gymnasium had been a long felt want. The one considera- tion which deferred it was again the lack of money. After many years this need, too, was supplied, when the west room of the present gymnasium was built in 1887, largely with money con- tributed or secured by alumni and students. But real and perplexing as these problems were, they all seem small as compared with the catastrophe which befell Luther Col- lege in 1889. On May 19th of that year a fire of unknown origin completely gutted the main building. Undoubtedly this blow quite disheartened many good friends of the College. But despite the heavy financial loss and the discouragement, the men directly as- sociated with the school, and particularly Prof. Larsen, seemed never in doubt as to what they ought to do. Luther College had to be rebuilt and continued. This is perhaps the most severe 70 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS single test that the College has had to endure. Prospects for raising the necessary money were not very bright. Luther Sem- inary and the Lutheran Normal School in Sioux Falls, South Da- kota, had recently been built, and money for rebuilding Luther College would have to come from the same congregations. Then too, some considered that Luther College ought to be moved so as to be more centrally located — possibly to Minneapolis — for the weight of population among the congregations had shifted in that direction. But Prof. Larsen was staunch in his belief that a sub- scription should be started at once ; and Luther College should be rebuilt in Decorah. While this plan had enough supporters to retain the College in Decorah, it was no doubt due very much to Prof. Larsen's efforts that Luther College was not moved. In the meantime the work had to be carried on under special dif- ficulties in temporary quarters here and there in the city. The very next year, however, — in 1890 — the new building was dedi- cated and made ready for occupancy. Because of the very definite educational aim of the College — primarily that of preparing young men for the study of theology — Prof. Larsen had no real problem so far as the curriculum was concerned. He knew what the curriculum must be to accomplish this aim. Accordingly few changes were necessary. Even when the original six-year pro-seminary course, which was modeled on the Latin course of Norway, was extended to seven years, in 1881, there was no change in fundamentals. Neither did the Normal Department, which was conducted from 1865 to 1886, in any sense affect the essential aim of the school. Gradually it was felt that Luther College was encountering competition in the educational field. Not only were public high schools appearing, and colleges of various other denominations, but other schools were being built within the Norwegian Synod. Except for the Theological Seminary and the Lutheran Normal School in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, these were all academies for many years ; and while they served as good "feeders" for Lu- ther College, a certain element of competition had to be reckoned with, especially in the matter of financial support. In one most important phase of the work at Luther College, and one which presents a real problem. Prof. Larsen was emin- ently successful: he was directly and personally instrumental in guiding many young men to the Theological Seminary. It is true, in the early days a larger number of students came with minds fully made up for the ministry; also there were not so many vo- cations open to young men then; and the spirit of the day has PRESIDENTS AND PRINCIPALS 71 changed since that time. However^ through that very remarkably devout spirit of Christian service which Prof. Larsen manifested in every relation of life, he inspired many Luther College students to take up the study of theology. Many pastors, consciously or not, have entered the ministry very largely because of the blessed influence which Prof. Larsen exerted upon them at Luther Col- lege. His services to the Church in this respect alone cannot be overestimated. The controversy of the 80's involving the doctrine of predes- tination constituted a real problem for Luther College. Opinion was divided both among teachers and students, and open meetings for discussing the matter were held in the city. People's minds were everywhere disturbed, and the controversy might very easily have disrupted the school. While there are many considerations, and much credit is due many men who worked for the welfare of the College, still it is plain that Prof. Larsen was very largely responsible for the favorable outcome at Luther College; his good, deliberate judgment coupled with absolute fairness prevented any serious disturbance at the school. No attempt can be made here to discuss all the problems — not even all the most perplexing ones — with which Prof. Larsen was confronted during his forty-one years as president. Some of the more outstanding ones have been recounted. It would be a mistake to suppose that it was only during times of particular stress that his presidency was fraught with problems and dif- ficulties. Even in the most favorable and hopeful moments his position was one of great responsibilities. Prof. Larsen's utter- ance in 1884 at the celebration of his twenty-fifth anniversary as teacher is very characteristic of him: "In my work here I have striven to accomplish especially three things. In the first place, I have desired that the spirit of Chris- tianity should permeate everything. The instruction, the dis- cipline, all our associations — in short, every part of our school life — should be marked by a true Christian spirit. However, I feel personally how difficult it is to be actuated by this spirit. It is no easy matter to live a true Christian life, in humility constantly confessing oneself a grievous sinner, and still through confidence and trust in God be enabled to find hope and joy in God's Word; and to have one's heart turned to Him in gratitude for everything, not only the good things, but also for that which may seem evil and trying. We long for the time when we shall put off this mortal body and be permitted to praise and serve God in our transfigured state. 72 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS "In the second place^ it has been my aim that the instruction here be thorough; that there be no show or humbug; that every- thing be pure gold — or, to use a common expression, that it be 'all wool, and a yard wide'. This has been difficult, for I have not always had time for thorough preparation. "In the third place, I have wanted such discipline here as would teach the students more and more self-discipline, with each one personally responsible for his own conduct; and still one stu- dent restraining the other, so that I might as far as possible be relieved of discipline." It must be remembered that Prof. Larsen was not president in the sense in which we now think of the position. His was not a day when many duties were delegated to a staff of workers. Besides his specific duties as president, he taught about as many classes as the other teachers ; also he served at one time as regis- trar, treasurer, disciplinarian, and general manager — both finan- cial and otherwise — and in addition found time for many other incidental duties. So it was a real problem just to attend to the bare routine of the daily work. It should also be stated that for years Prof. Larsen almost always conducted the devotional ex- ercises morning and evening; and with much other detail, too, he somehow found time to make a round of the students' rooms and rouse them out for breakfast. In all tasks, big and small, he was equally painstaking and accurate; until one must marvel how he found time for it all. That he could maintain such a rigid routine for j'ears without flagging, is nothing short of astonishing. He was severely methodical ; which may in part be due to the fact that his father was a military man. So very regular was he that students were heard to remark: "Now it is exactly half past five, for there is Prof. Larsen just starting for town with his shopping basket." But for all his insistence upon routine and punctuality, he was not a nervous worker ; even to old age there was nothing about his movements to suggest nervousness or undue hurry; he was deliberate and scrupulously careful of detail. No matter how busy, he always took time for a nap of twenty minutes to half an hour at noon. Until his last illness he was seldom even ailing; his moderation in all things and his regularity in mode of living, preserved for him his naturally rugged good health which only old age, and not hard work, could break down. It has been said — and by Dr. Larsen himself — that he was not a genius, but a man of only ordinary abilities. Even if this be true, he was nevertheless a very remarkable man. He possessed such sterling qualities of character — unfeigned Christian faith and PRESIDENTS AND PRINCIPALS 73 fullness of spiritual life with absolute integrity, simple humility, and a sense of Christian service — that he was a very unusual man. His one concern was to do his duty as a servant of God; and he did not seek worldly renown. He permitted no interests to disturb him in his duties as pastor and teacher; he gave very little time and effort to interests which do not bear somewhat directly upon theology and education. He was in the world, but not of the world; and still he constantly emphasized the Lutheran doctrine of a Christian's duty of strict obedience to law and government. He was not a man of social affairs; and not a "good mixer' in the sense in which the term is currently used. However, he was a welcome guest at all gatherings ; and his mere presence command- ed respect and precluded everything questionable in word and act. Among his friends and as a host he was interesting and entertain- ing, his manner always bespeaking culture and refinement. He was unassuming, yet firm and fearless in his convictions ; he ab- horred sham and hypocrisy, and was so thoroughly genuine and frank in conduct and speech that he was sometimes considered naive. He has been called "A Christian Gentleman"; and, pos- sibly, no other short description can do him more justice. He was a man of God; a humble servant of Jesus Christ, who, asking nothing for himself — except forgiveness for his sins and salvation through His merit — unselfishly consecrated his life to untiring; Christian service in the interest of the Lutheran Church and Lu- ther College. He exemplified in all his service the thought ex- pressed in the motto of Luther College, "Soli Deo Gloria" — To God alone all Glory. Prof. C. K. Preus Christian Keyser Preus was born on October 13, 1852, in the Spring Prairie parsonage, twenty miles north of Madison, Wis. His father was the Right Reverend H. A. Preus, who was pres- ident of the Norwegian Synod from 1862 until his death, in 1894. His mother was Caroline Dorthea Margrethe Keyser. Christian received his early education from private tutors, and entered Lu- ther College in 1865; but he left during the year because of sick- ness, and did not return till 1868. He graduated in 1873 (B. A.). During the years 1873-76 he studied theology at Concordia Sem- inary in St. Louis. He was ordained at Washington Prairie the year of his graduation, 1876; temporarily he served Our Savior's Congregation in Chicago before becoming his father's assistant in the Spring Prairie charge. He was pastor at Spring Prairie until he was forced to resign in 1897 because of ill health. He 74 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS moved to Decorah, and in 1898 became professor at Luther Col-v lege. He was elected president in 1902 and continued in the posi- tion until his death, in 1921. Prof. Preus twice declined the vice- presidency of the Synod, in 1893 and 1896; he accepted in 1911, when he was elected a third time, and served until the union of the three church bodies in 1917. At that time he was elected vice president of the Iowa District, a position which he held at the time of his death. In 1911 the Synod elected him as its rep- resentative at the University of Christiania during the centennial festivities in September of that year; King Haakon VII decorated him Commander of the Order of St. Olav. Prof. Preus accompanied the Luther College Concert Band on the 1914 Norway Tour, and upon request delivered three lectures at the University of Chris- tiania. In 1877 he married Louise Augusta Hjort, oldest daughter of Rev. Ove Jacob Hjort, then minister at Painted Creek, Allam- akee County, Iowa. There have been eleven children, of whom seven are now living: Ove Jacob Hjort (L. C. '01), pastor in De Forest, Wis.; Johan Carl Keyser (L. C. '02), pastor in Byron, Minn.; Jacob Aall Ottesen (L. C. '03), governor of Minnesota; Paul Arctander (L. C. '11), treasurer Federal Land Bank, St. Paul, Minn.; Herman Amberg (L. C. '16), attorney in St. Paul, Minn.; Henriette, nurse at Northwestern Hospital, Minne- apolis, Minn.; and Cathinka Hjort, Mrs. Knute D. Stalland (L. C. '18), St. Paul, Minn. All sons and the one son-in-law are graduates of Luther College. The deceased children, with year of birth, are: Herman A., 1878; Linka, 1885; Christiane, 1887; and Christiane, 1899. Prof. Preus died in his home in Decorah on May 28, 1921 ; he had been attending to his duties even to the last day, although he had not been well for some time. Death was due to heart disease. He was buried on June 1st in the Norwegian Lu- theran Cemetery in Decorah. Prof. Preus appreciated fully the responsibilities attaching to the position when he accepted the presidency of Luther College. He was frank to state that he had serious misgivings. In his first report to the Synod he wrote: "It was with considerable misgiv- ing that I entered upon my duties as president of Luther College a year ago. I appreciated fully both the responsibilities and many difficulties of the position, and no one realized better than I how few were my qualifications for the work. However, I had not sought the position and promised that with the help of God I would attempt it." However, understanding Luther College and its problems, he knew that his first task — and clearly his most vital one — was to see to it that the school be continued as Dr, PRESIDENTS AND PRINCIPALS 75 CHRISTIAN KEYSER PREUS 76 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Larsen had conducted it^ a classical college with the primary aim of preparing young men for a theological course. It was clear from the outset that this would be a settled policy in his admin- istration. In 1904) he outlined his plans in a pamphlet entitled: "In What Direction and Toward What Goal Should Luther Col- lege be Developed in order to best Serve the Synod?" But there were many difficulties. Not a few — even Luther College alumni, some of them — had become increasingly insistent that changes be made in the curriculum. It was argued that the classical course failed to meet the educational needs of the day. While Prof. Preus reckoned with this demand from the outside, he would not be swerved from essentials. When the Preparatory Department was lengthened to four years, in 1905, and the Board of Education in 1918 approved the plan of the present organiza- tion of the department into a Junior and Senior High School; when a literary course was added in 1906; and when, in 1911, a modified curriculum involving a limited elective system went into effect, a course of study which had been proposed by the faculty after a thorough study of the matter in 1910-11, there was no innovation in these changes which in any real sense violated fun- damentals in the original aim of the school. The new courses provided mainly for electives : biology, chemistry (re-instated), economics, education, American history, music (harmony), phil- osophy, physics, psychology, public speaking, sociology, — and as a legacy from the S. A. T. C, surveying. Right from the start Prof. Preus began to devote himself to the interests of Luther College out in the field. With the passing of the first pioneer conditions and the large increase in the num- ber of congregations, the work of conducting the affairs of the College had shifted very considerably from the College at home out to its interests in the field. It was necessary to groom the college territory. In the early days there were few ministers and congregations, and it required no great amount of urging in ad- vertising and publicity to gain their whole-hearted support. Church organization then was a simple thing, and our church peo- ple did not dissipate their interests in many activities. And for years Luther College was the one school to support. But the church bod}^ became larger; there were other schools and new interests ; every little town almost was building its own high school, and many denominations had established church schools. Many of the church people now lived at a distance. Then, too, that worldly spirit so characteristic of our times is a considerable factor here. All such conditions combined to make it increasingly PRESIDENTS AND PRINCIPALS 77 difficult to attract any large number of students. While he did not aim at mere numbers, Prof. Preus set about to work for an increase in enrollment. The problem involved many considera- tions, but in the main it was a matter of working more out in the school field. Prof. Preus was eminently fitted for such work. He had had varied experience involving contact with people, and he was intim- ately acquainted with conditions in the Church; and with his un- usual ability as a speaker he combined many admirable qualities of personality and temperament. People believed in him. Easily one of the most effective speakers in our Church, he was much in demand, and he spent much time out in the field. His personal work was supplemented in various ways; a systematic advertis- ing campaign was launched, always of a distinctly conservative and dignified kind, and in entire keeping with the religious char- acter of the school. Church papers and the public press were used; pamphlets were written and distributed; also the "Luther College Semi-Centennial" of 1911; "The Pioneer" of 1920; "Nor- gesfaerden" in 1914; and the "Luther College Bulletin", a quar- terly, the first issue of which appeared in January, 1921. And student organizations went out among the people; chief among these the Luther College Concert Band and, in 1920, the Luther College Four. One of Prof. Preus' distinct contributions to Luther College is what he gave the school in buildings. He formulated a definite and extensive building program. He realized that conditions re- quired a school plant; one building or two could no longer be considered adequate. He was commissioned by the Church to go out and raise money for a dormitory; and during the school year 1906-07 Laur. Larsen Hall was built at a cost of $60,000.00. It was dedicated October 13, 1907. Previously some construction involving less money had been done; the arch at the entrance to the campus was erected in 1903 upon the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Synod; also the gymnasium was enlarged to three times its size for this celebration. In 1911 the Luther statue was unveiled during the Luther College Fiftieth Anniversary fes- tivities; the ministers' wives had collected $2,547.00 for its erec- tion. The Endowment Fund aggregating over $250,000.00 — $50, 000.00 of which was a gift from James J. Hill— collected by Dr. H. G. Stub, assisted by Prof. Preus and others — was presented to the College at these festivities. In 1909 Mr. Jens Jensen, land- scape architect of Chicago, was engaged at the instance of the Chicago Luther College Club to submit plans embodying the 78 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS most approved arrangement of a college campus. Upon his rec- ommendations the grounds were very materially changed, the greatest departure being the removal of the avenue of large trees leading up to the main building, to make room for a large open central court. On October 14, 1911, the Alumni Association voted to buy and present the eight-acre wooded tract lying north of High Street and east of the original campus; and in 1919 an- other tract, the size of a city block, lying south of High Street and east of the campus, was also added. Upon the initiative of the students a dining hall. Loyalty Hall, was built in 1916 at the cost of $18,000.00. This necessitated the moving of the hospital — a gift of Mr. J. A. Johnson of Madison, Wisconsin — and it was enlarged and furnished with all modern equipment; also a reg- istered nurse was placed in charge. Prof. Preus' efforts for buildings culminated in his very finest contribution, the Keren Library, which was dedicated on the 14th of October, 1921. It seems sad that he was not permitted to live to see this splendid building completed. He traveled extensively and personally solicited almost all the money. Definite work for a library was done as early as 1908, when squads of students made concrete blocks ; however, there were considerations which deferred the building many years. Prof. Preus built along other lines, too. During his regime the chemical laboratory expanded to more than college require- ments ; and the physics and biology laboratories were also de- veloped. Through the efforts of Hon. L. S. Swenson and Mr. H. G. Haugan the valuable Bishop Bang Library was secured in 1913. Dr. Keren's first parsonage of 1853, the so-called Egge Log House, was placed upon the campus. The class of 1921 pre,- sented a flag pole. There was a substantial increase in legacies, the largest one, of $10,000.00, created by Capt. Rossing in 1910. The library was increased from 11,000 volumes to 28,000, ex- clusive of 8,000 pamphlets. Prof Preus' building program provided for a gymnasium very soon, with other buildings to follow — a music hall, chapel, and possibly a science hall. But with all his work out in the field. Prof. Preus was still able to attend to all the needs 'of the school at home. He con- sidered it his first concern to build up a strong faculty; often he was heard to remark, "First of all, teachers". With more stu- dents — 214 in 1911-12 — and more courses, it was necessary to add teachers ; during his administration the faculty was increased from 11 to 21 members. He favored the "Sabbatical year". PRESIDENTS AND PRINCIPALS 79 Many teachers availed themselves of this, which has added to the prestige of the faculty. And there was need of more organi- zation. Prof. Preus delegated many duties which had before properly belonged to the president. The principalship of the Preparatory Department became a more responsible position; in 1914 a registrar's office was created; and a librarian was engaged to give full time to his special work with no hours of instruction. There was a regularly employed college stenographer; also a physical director to give full time to his department. Such or- ganization required added equipment. What was thus accom- plished was important in enabling Luther College to qualify as a member of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. Prof. Preus' work was attended by many problems not of routine kind, some of which were particularly distressing. One such problem arose in connection with the movement for church union. Luther College was directly concerned; as the oldest and only college conducted by the church body, it was more intimately bound up with the Synod than possibly any other institution with- in the Church. For very good reasons it was feared that the status of the College might be affected. Much credit is due Prof. Preus for being so staunch in stressing the importance of main- taining Luther College as a distinctively classical college with its first purpose that of preparing young men to take up the study of theology. Another such problem was that occasioned by the World War. It is plain that this situation presented difficulties which were peculiar to Luther College, a classical college for men only. Changes nothing short of revolutionary had to be effected to enlist the school in military service. But with good reorganization work wisely directed by Prof. Preus, supported by the willing cooper- ation of the faculty, Luther College qualified as an S. A. T. C. and few schools came through the war with a more creditable ser- vice record. Then, too, the reconstruction period had problems for Luther College which really did not obtain at schools that are not of the classical type. During the war the traditional course of study had been greatly modified. But Luther College was glad to ren- der service in response to her country's call ; and at present the work is well back to that even routine of good application to class subjects which has always characterized Luther College. Prof. Preus was a man of splendid abilities. With a keen intellect were coupled good capacity for work and many admir- 80 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS able traits of character. Of even temperament^ always pleasant and sympathetic, he, too, like his predecessor. Dr. Larsen, was thoroughly imbued with the spirit of Christian service. He was seriously earnest in his work, but had a delightful sense of humor; always manly, he never became old, but retained a surprisingly youthful attitude of mind. He had hobbies and interests ; but he never permitted these to intrude in the least upon his work. And he was a prodigious worker, although not so methodical as Dr. Larsen. He came of a long line of ministerial and professional stock, and so had an air of unaffected dignity and culture about him; retiring and quiet — his intimate friends reproached him for being over-modest — his appearance suggested the aristocrat, and still he was a man among men, unassuming and very human. A man of culture and refinement, of fine sensibilities and scholarly instincts, an able and thorough theologian, he was nevertheless of a decidedly practical turn of mind, a leader and a man of af- fairs, a fine type of citizen. He understood people intimately; and his large fund of miscellaneous information enabled him to talk intelligently with people of all stations and occupations ; an exceptionally effective speaker — both in English and in Norwegian —he gained the general esteem and confidence of our church people everywhere. He was an unusually able sermonizer and preacher ; and as president of Luther College he will always be remembered for his remarkable chapel talks, which were model sermons in form, content, and language. While we value a man for what he is, it is only by viewing him in relation to his work, and not apart from it, that it is pos- sible to determine somewhat his true worth. And measured in terms of his work, in kind and amount of service he rendered Lu- ther College and the Church, it is certain that Prof. C. K. Preus must be accorded ^ high place among the leaders of our Norwe- gian Lutheran Church in America. Dr. Oscar L. Olson ^ Oscar Ludvig Olson was born February i,, 1872, in Chicago, Illinois. His father was Andrew Olson, and his mother Guroe (nee Larson). He entered the Preparatory Department of Lu- ther College in 1886 and graduated in 1889; he continued in the College Department, and received the degree of A. B. in 1893. He taught at Bode Academy, Bode, la., 1893-95; at Bruflat Academy, Portland, N. Dak., 1896-98; at Luther Academy, Al- bert Lea, Minn., 1898-01; and in 1901 he became a member of the faculty at Luther College, and has served as professor ever PRESIDENTS AND PRINCIPALS 81 OSCAR LUDVIG OLSON 82 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS since except for intervals when he has been away for study. He attended the University of Minnesota, 1895-96, and was granted his master's degree. The summers of 1904 and 1907-11 he stud- ied at the University of Chicago; and after spending the school year 1913-14 there, he received the degree of Ph. D. He is the author of "The Scandinavian Origin of Beowulf" (thesis for M. A.), 1903; "Beowulf Kvadet" in "Symra", May, 1912; "Beo- wulf and the Feast at Bricriu" in "Modern Philology", January, 1914; "The Relation of Luther to Education" in "Teologisk Tids- skrift", October, 1917; "The Relation of the Rolfsaga Kraka and the Bjarkarimur to Beowulf" (thesis for Ph. D.), 1916; and he has delivered many lectures on various subjects. He was secre- tary of the Luther College faculty, 1916-21, and secretary of the Board of Trustees of Luther College, 1917-21. Prof. Olson married Miss Clara Elizabeth Gullixson in 1897. They have two sons: Walter Andrew, born 1902, and Paul Frederick, born 1905; both are students at Luther College, classes of '24 and '26, respec- tively. Dr. Olson was appointed acting president of Luther Col- lege in 1921. When upon the death of Prof. C. K. Preus on May 28, 1921, the Board of Education within our Church appointed Dr. Olson to serve Luther College as acting president, it did so because Dr. Olson was clearly the one man who was rather fully acquainted with the work and otherwise ready to step right into the position until a permanent president could be elected at the next general meeting of the church body. Dr. Olson has spent more than half of his years at Luther College, and whenever Prof. Preus was traveling about in the interests of the College, Dr. Olson really served as acting president. But Dr. Olson, too, has served Lu- ther College out in the field ; because of his ability as a public speaker he has become well and favorably known among the sup- porters of Luther College everywhere. Principals When the original "Latin course" of six years was extended to one of seven years, in 1881, and the number of classes, students, and teachers increased, it became apparent that it was desirable to have two somewhat distinct departments. Accordingly the Preparatory Department was formed in 1889, at first comprising three years. Prof. H. W. Sheel became the first principal, and when he took charge, in 1890, it fell to him to organize the new department. PRESIDENTS AND PRINCIPALS 83 Prof. H. W. Sheel Herman W. Sheel was born in St. Louis, Mo., on January 18. 1860. His father was John F. Scheel and his mother Margaret E. (nee Jende). After completing the parochial school in St. Louis, he entered Luther College in 1874, and remained one year. Dur- ing the school years 1882-85 he attended Valparaiso University in Indiana and received the degree of B. S. From 1885 to 1889 he was teacher at the Lutheran Seminary and Institute in Will- mar, Minn., where he taught mathematics and sciences. Since 1889 he has been a member of the faculty at Luther College. When the Preparatory Department became a separate entity. Prof. Sheel was made principal; and he served 1890-91; and again a second time, 1896-1911. During his administration — in 1905 — the course was lengthened to four years. In 1907 the department took possession of new and commodious quarters in Laur. Larsen Hall. Here, too. Prof. Sheel was given space for his chemical laboratory, which he has since built up to more than standard college requirements and made it a part of the school plant of which the College can justly be proud. He has been professor at Luther College since 1911, except for one year, which he spent in Washington and California. He was married to Miss Lydia E. Jende in 1895. There are four children: Ruth; Karl. L. C. '24; Otto; Sigurd, L. C. '30. Prof. Gisle Both-ne Prof. Gisle Bothne was the second principal. He served dur- ing the interval between Prof. Sheel's first and second terms — in 1891-96. Gisle Bothne was born on September 7, 1860, in Fredrikshald. Norway. Here he attended the Latin school for nine years, untiJ'' the spring of 1876, when his mother, Johanne (nee Okland) left Norway with the family to join his father, Thrond J. Bothne. who had gone to America the previous year to become professor at Luther College (Thrond Bothne was professor 1875-82). Gisle graduated from Luther College in 1878 (B. A.); from North- western University, Watertown, Wisconsin, in 1879; and then studied classical philology at Johns Hopkins University until 1880. He became professor at Luther College January, 1881, and remained until 1907 (M. A., 1883); in 1883-84 he again at- tended Johns Hopkins University; during 1903-04 he studied in Greece and at the universities of Berlin and Christiania. He was principal of the Preparatory Department 1891-96. In 1907 he ac- 84 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS cepted a call from the University of Minnesota as head of the Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature, a posi- tion which he still holds. He has been president of the Norwe- gian Society of America; also is a member of the Norwegian-Dan- ish Press Ass'n of America. In 1911 he was decorated by King Haakon of Norway and made a Knight of the Order of St. Olav. On June 27, 1895, he was married to Miss Kathrine Elise Brandt. They have two daughters: Dikka (B. A., University of Minne- sota) is at the University of Christiania, Norway, on a scholar- ship from the American-Scandinavian Foundation; Agnes is a student at the University of Minnesota. Prof. O. A. Tingelstad When Prof. Sheel resigned in 1911 because of ill health, he had served as principal faithfully and well for fourteen years. Prof. O. A. Tingelstad became acting principal for the school year 1911-12; and a second time 1917-19. Norman A. Madson (L. C. '11, B. A.) was his assistant in 1911-12; Merriam H. Trytten (L. C. '16, B. A.), in 1917-18, till April 1; Geo. Ulvilden (L. C. '16, B. A.), April-June, 1918; and H. Fred Swansen (L. C. '14, B. A.) in 1918-19. The present organization of the Pre- paratory Department into a Junior and Senior high school was ef- fected during his principalship. Oscar Adolf Tingelstad was born near Hickson, Cass County, N. Dak., on September 20, 1882. His parents are Bent Tingel- stad and Beret A. (nee Livdalen). The family moved to Silver- ton, Oregon, and he attended Pacific Lutheran Academy, Park- land, Wash., in 1900, and 1901-02; high school in Silverton, Ore., 1900-01. He entered Luther College in 1902, and graduated in 1905 (B. A.), and from Luther Seminary, St. Paul, Minn., in 1907 (cand. theology). He accepted a call to Ballard, Seattle, Wash., and was pastor, 1907-09, of Zion Lutheran Church at Ballard, and Port Madison, Orillia, and Millers Bay Congrega- tions. In 1909 he received a call from Luther College to the chair of psychology and education; before entering upon his duties as professor he spent the autumn of 1909 at the University of Chicago. In the summer of 1910 he again attended the Univer- sity of Chicago, also in 1912-13, when he received his M. A. When the registrar's office was created in 1914 he was appointed to that position, and has served as registrar since. In 1911-12 and 1917- 19 he was acting principal of the Preparatory Department. The second semester of the school year 1921-22 he was granted leave of absence to continue his studies at the University of Chicago. PRESIDENTS AND PRINCIPALS 85 He served as secretary of the Young Peoples' Luther League of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, 1917-1922. In 1909 he married Miss Alfield Sophie Tvete. Prof. H. S. Hilleboe In 1912 Prof. H. S. Hilleboe, then superintendent of public schools in Benson, Minn., was called as principal after Prof. Tingelstad had served as acting principal for one year. Prof. Hilleboe, an alumnus of Luther College (B. A., 1881, and M. A., 1886), had had years of varied school experience both in a church academy and in the public high schools, and had taken graduate work in education and school administration at several universities. His experience in the public schools nicely supplemented his knowledge of the work and traditions of the Preparatory Depart- ment; and he introduced several changes in external organization, involving details of daily routine, discipline, and grading. Hans Sjurson Hilleboe was born on October 28, 1858, at Roche-a-Cree, Adams County, Wis., son of Sjur Hanson Hilleboe and Gjertrud R^mohr (nee Haug). He attended Luther Col- lege 1878-81 (B. A.). The two years following he spent at the Northern Indiana Normal School, Valparaiso, Indiana; 1895-96 at Chicago Lutheran Theological Seminary; and 1897-98 at Luther Seminary, Robbinsdale, Minn. He received his M. A. from Lu- ther College in 1886. He has been a student at Minnesota, Har- vard, and Chicago universities. He was an instructor at M^illmar Seminary, Willmar, Minn., 1884-87; and during 1887-99 he serv- ed as principal of the school, with the exception of the years 1895-96 and 1897-98, when he was away for study. He was prin- cipal of Willmar Seminary a second time, 1904-07; during the intervening years, 1899-04, he was superintendent of public schools in Benson, Minn., and again in 1907-12. In 1912 he was called to the principalship of the Preparatory Department at Lu- ther College and continued in the position until the summer of 1917, when he became president of Lutheran Normal School, Sioux Falls, S. Dak., and when the school became known as Au- gustana College after the consolidation with Augustana College of Canton, S. Dak., in 1918, he was retained as president, and served until 1920. Since that time he has been professor at the school. In 1887 he married Antonilla Ytterboe, who died in 1912. In 1916 he married Ellen G. Syse. Four children survive from the first marriage: Gertrude, dean of women at St. Olaf College; Marie, wife of Rev. S. M. Moe; Genevieve; and Sigur. 86 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Prof. H. Fred Swansen H. Fred Swansen (Luther College '14, B. A.), who had been a teacher at Luther Academy, Albert Lea, Minn., since his gradua- tion, came to Luther College in 1918 to be instructor in English. He served as assistant principal in 1918-19, and as principal in 1919-20. Prof. Swansen was very much interested in literary society work, especially debating. His efforts in the interest of forensics in the Preparatory Department and the good results he attained in this work are deserving of special mention. Hans Fred Swansen was born in Boston, Mass., on November 14, 1889, of Thomas Swansen and Hanne (nee Hendricksen). He attended Boston English High School four years; held a clerical position in Boston; entered Luther College in January, 1911, and graduated in 1914 (B. A.). He taught English and physics at Luther Academy, Albert Lea, Minn., 1914-18. He spent the sum- mer of 1917 at Harvard doing graduate work in English. In 1920 he accepted the presidency of Gale College, Galesville, Wis., and is now in that position. In 1919 he was married to Miss Beatrice Irene Teslow. Prof. Leonard A. Moe The present principal, Leonard A. Moe (Luther College '12, B. A.), succeeded Prof. Swansen in 1920. He had been engaged in school work every year since his graduation, and, with much other experience in administrative duties during the war, he came well equipped for the position. He continued the good work in debating, for which his predecessor, Prof. Swansen, had created so much interest. And he elaborated upon this work; in the early fall of the school year 1921-22, he conceived the plan of holding a conference of our church academies at Luther College involv- ing debating, declamation, and basket ball. The proposal met with favor everywhere, and when it was definitely launched. Prof. Moe was selected as the logical man to serve as chairman of the committee on arrangements. He was given additional duties in this capacity when the Lutheran Students' Union decided to hold its convention in conjunction with this conference, March 7-10, 1922. That the event was such an unqualified success was in very large measure due to Prof. Moe's good energy and fine abilities as an administrator ; he was the moving spirit in the undertaking. Leonard Alton Moe was born January 27, 1892, in Elroy, Wis. His father was Lars L. Moe, a merchant; and his mother Martha C. Hansen, daughter of Andrew Hansen in Manitowoc, Wis., wagon manufacturer. Leonard received his grade and first PRESIDENTS AND PRINCIPALS 87 year high school education in the public schools of Elroy. In June^ 1906, the family moved to Decorah, and he entered the Preparatory Department of Luther College the same year, and graduated in 1908. He continued in the College Department and finished in 1912 (B. A.). He has taught since his graduation: at Gale College, Galesville, Wis., 1912-16; principal consolidated school, Manvel, N. Dak., 1916-17; supt. city schools, Hillsboro, N. D., 1917-18; supt. city schools, Park River, N. D., 1918-20; principal Luther College Preparatory Department, 1920-22. Dur- ing the summer of 1915 he w^as musician with the International Chautauquas; and platform superintendent with the Midland Chautauquas in the summer of 1921. He served as sec'y N. Dak., State Parents and Teachers' Ass'n in 1918-19; sec'y Luther Col- lege Alumni Ass'n, 1921-22; president Decorah Luther College Club, 1922; director of the Iowa District Young People's Luther League, 1921 ; and chairman of committee on arrangements for the Luther College Academy Conference, 1921-22. He was married on August 25, 1915, to Miss Carolyn M. Jacobson, daughter of Prof. Axel Jacobson, supt. of Bethany Indian Mission, Wittenberg, Wis. They have one son, Lowell, born August 18, 1916. One other man deserves very special mention in connection with the Preparatory Department, namely. Rev. M. K. Bleken, the disciplinarian and "husfader" of the department from 1907 to 1910. ENTRANCE TO COLLEGE CAMPUS CHAPTER FIVE FACULTY O. A. TiNGELSTAD Sittins LUTHER COLLEGE FACULTY, 1869 Standing: F. A. Schmidt, N. O Brandt G. Landmark, L. Siewers, K. E. Bergh, Laur. Larsen I. Roster The following tabulation presents the names of the persons who have been connected with Luther College in some instructorial capacity, and indicates the general nature of the connection and the years of service in each case. FACULTY 89 V. 2 ^^-T2:6T '■ :-^.. ::::;::: : o.-" :■":; o. :::: :-^ :: ift :::::::::::;■"::: : T 3-0261 02-6161 ;j^ 0, ■■■■■■■■■ --^ ■■ -^ ■■ o, ■■■■ --^ ■■■[ \ ■_■,•,;■.::;;;;;; o. ■ -^ 6I-8I6T ■.■^ o, ■•■■■■■■■ --^ ■■■■■ o. ■■■■■■■; \ ] \ :; \ ■,■.■.■,■.■.■.■,:; o- ; : 8t-ZI6T i'*^::::::::::::::::^.::::::::::::::::::-"-"::::^:: iI-9I6T :xia::::::::;:::::::::::a:-"::::::;:::::-"::-"::a:; 9I-SI6I :-^ o, ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ a ■■■ a • \ ■] \ : ■,■,■,;■,■. :;:: -.-^ :: o. ■ ■ 51-^161 Oj J- Q^ ................ P_ .. .^ ..■.■■■■■■■■_■■■■■>-•■■ Q, ■ • tT-fI6t ei-ZI6I "■fl o,:::::::::;:::;::a;::C!,::::::;::::;::::::::D-.: 21-TI6T TI-0I6I G-c a ;:::::::;::::::" a :::::::::::::::::::::::: o. : : 01-6061 60-806 T ajsa:::Q::::;:::::;:a:::::::;;:::::::::::::::»": 80-Z06T i0-906T 90-S061 a.ac!,;::-"n::;::::;:::c.::::::::::::::;::-"::::::»:: S0-t06T gj^ o,-***^^ 0. •*-^ '.'.'.'. ^ '.'.'. ^ '. '. tO-f06T fO-t06T GJ3 o.::::o.:::::::;;::«;:D.::::::::::::::::;°':::^:: 20-T06I 10-0061 .aa:::::Q;:::::;:::;:::G:::::::::::::::::C!.;::a:: 00-6681 66-8681 ^+j Q, a ;||a;;;a;; 86-i68T Z6-968I j3......Q.::;:::::::;:-":a:;::::::::-"::::::a:::a:: 96-S68I S6-t68I t6-f68I -G :::::: a :::::::::::::::::::::::: -^ :::::::"::: G : : f6-Z68I ■^ :■.:::: ^ :: ■.:::::■.■.:::::::: '^ :::::":'.:'.'.'■ '■'^ '.'. '.^ '■ '■ 26-T68T 16-068 I ■^ ::::: :°- ::::::::::::::::: :*^ ::: :^ ":::'.'■'.'.'.'■'.'■ °- '■ '■ 06-6881 68-8881 88-Z881 i 8-988 I j3;::::;a:::::::::::::::;:::-"::;:::::;::::::QO':: 98-S88t 58-^881 .a :::::: a :::;:;;:::::;::;::;::;;::::::::::;: a- : : t8-f88T e8-288I ■c::::::-"::::::::::::::":::::::::;:::::::::::'^:'^ 28-I88T 18-0881 — ::::::'"Gaa:::::::::::::::::a:;:::::::::::::;;a 08-6i8I 61-SlSl ■^:::::::o.a::::::::::::;:::::a;:::::::;::::::::a 8i-iZ8T ZZ-9i8T ■^ ::::::: G G :■"::;::::::::::::: G ::::::::::::::::: "^ 9l.-StS\ £i-tZ8I •^::::'^:::G::::::::;:::::::::a:*^:::a:-^:::::::::*- fi-£lSl £1-ZISX j3;;a:::::a:::::::;;:::;;::::a:::::a::;:::;::::: ZL-\LSl U-0Z8T -^ :: G ::::: a :::;:::;::::::::;::::::: a ::::::::::: : 0Z-698I 69-898T •^::"":::::G:::::::::::::::::::::::;a:::::::::::: 89-i98t i9-998T J3 :;:::;:: a ::::::•:■••::•:::::::::::::::::::::: : 99-S98I S9-t98I J3 ::::::::::::;::;:;:;:;:;:;:::::::::;::::::::: : t9-r98I e9-298I J3 :::::::::::::;:::;::;:::::;:;:::::::::::::::: : 29-1981 < z Larsen, Laur Preus, C. K Olson, Oscar L . . . . Bergh, Knut E Birkelo, CarlC... Bjarnason, Jon. . . . Bleken, M. K Bothne, Gisle Bothne, Thrond. . . Brandt, Nils Breda, O. J Bredesen, Adolf . . . Christensen, N. . . . Eittreim, K. O Eittreim, 0. M.. . . Estrem, Andrew. . . Evanson, C. N . . . . Evenson, G. A . . . . Fjeldstad, C. A.... Gjerset, Knut Granrud, J. E Halland, J. G Hanson, Haldor. . . Hilleboe, H. S Homme, Th. O... . Hovde, B. J Hove, Elling Hustvedt, H. B. . . Jacobsen, J. D . . . . Jacobsen, K. T Koren, V Koren, Wm Krog, H. J. G Kvamme, Kr Landmark, G. H... Larsen, M. W Lindemann, F Lyngaas, L M . . . . Madson, N. A Malmin, Rasmus. . Markhus, Geo Mikkelson, M. M.. Moe, L. A Monrad, Ragnar.. . Nseseth, Chr. A Naeseth. Wm. K... Narvesen, C 90 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS 02-5161 9T-SI6I Tt-0I6I a a! ■" ■ ■<-> se-t-bsi 66-T681 T6-0681 06-6881 68-888T 61-9131 H-91.SI 91-SlSl IL-OLSl 0i-698I iy 998 T 99- -S98I S9- -1^981 t9- -f98T e9- -2981 29- -I98I DO ^^ 14 •< ■fc :w hW _PiN :< •HO ;s So ■^o . H::;::::'":::::::::: i"^ : : 80-i06T ;=*:::;:::::::::::::: :''3 : : Z 0-906 I • •;;;;;;;;;;;;:;::;: ;-0 : : 90-S06T -o S0-t06I to .73 f'0-C06I TJ eo-206i -o 20-T06I -a T 0-0061 "O 00-6681 "o : : : : : ; 66-8681 , . 86-Z68I Z6-908T 96-9681 S6-t'68I -o i'6-e68T £6-2681 26-T68T 16-0681 ;;;;;;;; to ••■■•■• -73 ■•■■• • 06-6881 68-8881 88-i88I £8-9881 :::::":::::::::: I'O:;::" : 98-988T e8-f'88I f'8-e88T f8-288T 28-1881 73 . . to . to ■ 18-0881 08-6Z8I 6Z-8Z8I ; St-LlSX — LL~9L%\ :: E ::::::::::::: ;'° ::::: : 9i-Si8I 9i-l'£8T fL~£L%\ iL~ZL9\ ZL-\L^\ Ii-0i8I Oi-698I 69-8981 89-i98T Z9-998I 99-S98T e9-t98I T'9-f98T C9-298T 29-1981 < Arneson, T. E. . Boe, Ole Brandt, Chr Doseff, Ivan . . . Fisher, H. H.. . Gausta, H. N . . Glesne, Ole .... Grundy, A. C . . Haugen, G. O. . Hexom, C. P... Jewell, W Laudel, A Movold, R. A. . Natvig, A. J . . . Nelson, R. P.. . Nilsson, Th Peterson, O. . . . Smith, A. C... Smith, C Solem, O. M . , . Solheim, O. A. . Stabo, T Valder, C. H... Walhus, N. L. . 92 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS 3. Special Instructors and Assistants not Listed in the Preceding Table: a) SPECIAL INSTRUCTORS: Adams, Mrs. Walter C, 1908-09, Voice Boice, Vera L., 1908-09, Violin Brown, Mrs. F. Q., 1919-20, Violin Clausen, Rev. F. C, 1863-64, (?) Coup, W. B., 1904., Band Downie, Mrs. Ruth, 1915-17, 1921-22, Violin Himle, A. L., 1878, Band Hustvedt, Katharine S., 1918-20, Piano Lee, J. L., 1878, Military Drill Marsh, Mrs. Jessie Ervin, 1911-18, Piano Moe, Mrs. Leonard A , 1920-22, Voice, Piano Thomas, Dr. H. H., 1918, S. A. T. C, Physician Werthwein, Pearl, 1909-10, Voice Woi-ks, Frances, 1920-21, Public Speak- b") STUDENT ASSISTANTS (list incomplete) : Anderson, Ingvald, 1895-96, Arithmetic (Now I. A. Kampen) Beito, Gulbrand G., 1888-89, Ancient Languages Brorby, Joseph, 1901, (?) Buttedal, Anton, 1911-12, Norwegian (now Anton Buedall) Dreng, John O., 1897-1900, Gymnastics Drotning, T. Melvin, 1904-05, Band Faye, Christopher U., 1909, Latin Glas0e, Oluf, 1879-81, Band Hagen, Sivert N., 1893-95, Mathematics Hanson, Nils B., 1897-98, Gymnastics, 1898-99, Penmanship Haugen, Thomas A., 1908-09, German Hendrickson, Alfred, 1905-06, Latin Holte, Alfred 0., 1908, Latin (now Alfred O. Halvorson) Hovde, Christian J. M., 1891-92, Arith- metic Iverson, Peter J., 1908-10, Arithmetic, Algebra, Civics Johnson, Alfred 0., 1890-91, Band Johnsrud, Peder L., 1909-10, English Grammar Jorgenson, Jacob E., 1886, Norwegian Kjer, Ludvig P., 1912-13, Norwegian Krohn, Eugene, 1883-85, Band Larsen, Jakob A. O., 1908, (?) Larsen, Lauritz A., 1885-86, Band Larson, Oscar O., 1899-1900, Gymnastics Linnevold, Johan, 1886-90, Band Mevig, Andreas I. M., 1908-09, Latin Nermann, Halvor M., 1898-99, Algebra, 1899-1900, Penmanship Nermann, S. Theodore, 1895-97, Gym- nastics Omlie, Oscar K., 1891-94, Algebra, 1893- 94, Band Oi-woll, Sylvester M., 1893-95, Gymnas- tics Petersen, Ralph W., 1911-12, Chemistry Peterson, Joseph M , 1894-98, Penman- ship Reque, Herman A., 1892-94, Penman- ship Rosenqvist, Bernhard, 1909, (?) Saervokl, Ola J., 1894-95, Latin Sanden, ' Austin N., 1913-14, Penman- ship Skinnemoen, John S., 1900-01, Penman- ship Str0m, Oscar A., 1895-97, Algebra Teisberg, Thomas, 1907, (?) Thorgrimsen, Hans B., 1878-79, Band Thorson, I. August, 1893-95, Band, etc. Tjernagel, Helge M., 1891-93, Band Torgersen, Jacob A. C, 1898-99, Norwe- gian Turmo, Olaf, 1896-98. Algebra Twito, Helmer, 1915-16, Penmanship, Orthography Urness, John N., 1912-13, Geometry, English Grammar Vaaler, Arnt J., 1906-07, (?) Waller, Martinius C, 1891-92, English White, Andreas O., 1899-00, Latin Xavier, Johan U., 1891-93, Drawing II. Personal Data The next table summarizes the following personal data con- cerning the teachers at Luther College: date and place of birth; names of parents and spouse, with year of marriage; present ad- dress, or, in the case of persons deceased, the date of death. These data have, in many cases, been gathered by Dr. O. M. Norlie. FACULTY 93 ^ OS 00 -1 CS ^ C A'^ ** - - - >-T3'> 5-BT3T) -*r* OJ ^.in OJ tu a; QQJ^QQ'Q ^0^ lO C ov 'wS2--20SgS 5-° S 8 > 8-g c 8-S 3QQQOQQSQQC Qd ,/^ rt rt c Gj rt ^ — ca 3 0! -^0> -I QCL,QO P Sl5 rt ^ .00 ■9^ COO 3 N <'-3. •2 c2h to o c:3 £2wi J£0 rt O ^ O 5 c oj-i^W CO;" ■§.2f§ S ^-r^CJ aj oJ g ^^ 3 ^ S 3 2;ffi 3 ^ WwW ^^• OqMM 3fc g g: 3 > OJ OJ^ - - oa-S — ' tfl £ M .H«< o cflc- ■- li 5 -a 1) ■^•C BUI 3 "^iS .- >%-W 3 J^ tfl 3 3 _vO OhJ oHoa E'oj^-- 2"^ •-! 1- rn-a y ca > 0< o IN' ^ 3 s Oh-:, KWb y3 jX 3.5:! )OmQ u B 0.) £ o 3W ... 3 3 -'-' Q-S';; as Si ' >, M Su og g 0! °^g - -sS4** 3^ •sc > 3 .3'^t:ijT3 :B C n — n 0~ ^"2 )H 3 ^ o_ca - O t.. ^ 0'7 O ™ bO'^:— 1i g2: 2; rtZ "S "^ J3 O Oj3 3 - * " •- >ii o 'B *-" ^ — S OT3 3 M-2. 3 - ca a; 5 B Offi Q ^vOoO-^iDfOc^vO OOOlOf^rscNOvO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ooccooxt 0000 00 00 .lovooooc^i foot !3 3^'!3^§iiS^^3 JH'-' S ^_ OK^ OJ O ta 3 ta . ^^OB§OH2: o :b^< S'wd &;3 ^ Oj c* S to 3.3 (u c QJ 3 a ffi 3 O M.i^ t; J^ -3 .3 !a ^ .Sfc.b.2.^^5 J £1, omncqmmoQ a V > M O O ii rBoooayyo 3 ..a . -KSg B - R 3 1- O ™ C HM A HH I— J 94 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS r:^ ttiT) ^5 ^-^-'^;:g>-' 3 g C O )WwQ ni 0)5! -H O O 5" -& 5 c2 ,j2 H" gxJ-d o MKiOc?) QQOQQQQ rrl _: D, o nj o 5 c-d S o ,-.C Z & 00 ^ > CS O i O <^ _. 00 2 ° •2'^a'-' .^ : - c 2 tu"2 S c w2 Ho, •S cqq 2 |t S 3 =0 ■ 0^ 2 O O^ r •^ - ^ g " •^ C g g 01 o nJ n i N a: c c =3- 0) ^ :^s 00 i"-^ "Ooo C h 00:^2 — 01 M 00 CO Q . ci •-> e C c ^ K i^-s c S ^ ■ 01 (u O ,, O aj §l^£^^:3 _ ■7^ 03 1:^ y ci 'r! " ° = ° S !3^ ■P -- & V, o^ °S <^ cy oj oT - - '^ 'C XJ ^ "J^ Q rt c — p 2 S'-S-g 2 oi rt >,J3 E .T3 c .So £S-n Shea's 01 o e " . 01 ^ / ,. Vh CUhU 1-, ■* ^- ^^ -o TJ - , "O w Ox) IJ S c > O^ •ffi '^1 --^ 3O E c ' 5 Q^ o w 1 01 al °'- '■§ S CJ2 'SM 01 s =« b-S T' oIVj is ^ ^ M ■ .0 G 1)^3 01 3 01 is ■a c^"^ m »H a; > wifti c o >.w,5 <:<;Wp3 S oj S • '^ ■^.S^W 0! ■Gi Sra^ O m - ' 01 (^ m 03 . E-- ■ l^oi - ,„ 01 c ° o P i^ m u oi!.C p CI S' tfl • ■ 0] b ni & 01 > £ ^ o o rt o S oiU E 1^ «j o d S s^ M^; ■- hi 5 "1 MffiUwwQ joooooo 000000000000 .2,^ cO -a,nl . o c S c -r^ j: ol. ni c ^ ol Affile? -a >. D fe ^ OJ 01 _- rid o.y o ".'''.' 3 — O _- M 01 ' 5p>:1^. 2hJt3' 'Sole S f? ?1^ • S" ; Q \0 ■^ "^ O 10 f U-, (V^ ^ ^ 1^ 00 CMO 00 00 00 00 ■^ CM-- O 00 1^ 10 C\ 00 0\ O '^ 00 '^ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 C/} H-j<; 2^ O < ^ i-^lJ^ ^ i-^ (v; O C O '-H 00 tH O ^C ■^ fN -^ rO CS 1-1 ^ i-H fS CN it/3 t-)Cx^j-iO ir>'- dJ o o >> ™ - - :> tn CO OJ -t;^ OJ OJ [^ t^ ^H ^^ "J 3 3 ;ii ii ii 01 C CT CT cfl -■ "^ 3 01 0; C O H ; FACULTY 95 o o - ^: -^^ - - - c "J 'SI m b n! rt wdoOQwUQ cfl a! OJ mJ?^ jiii o o o >< . f;" o . . .H .— „ M 0! b! C ■"'* T3 t, iH 1- o n „ c o o o i; o c rt o o ij'_ i_-5 1; (u oj aj:=; o 5 OQQDUHH 0) M C Oj2 In — ooo :(^S 1 — i O ri^. 2c^ 2oo g . - o • «•>, III e k, C, -«; «^^ H o- U Co § i. 50 n -0 z < S^ oi 1^ u S^ ffi w H • K^ O^HH.S c S I^-a ■■" E S E -^-gu 3 S 2 o ?^,K ^^ o d'iH tJ -•-■^ aj~ ■ 0, C u-^ d d a^H C d C „ nJ & d ^ d o-- .5 «i^_ ^S§^ C CO d OJ -g o tfl a; ■ OJ T) ••a C Ctf &> " d c H . •iE d -^ to H 0-i< c i-c n] d iSdfcSg.S- i; o_-c •a d c-o d u M rt on: Q fO C^ <>) Ov O O -^ CN On -^ Ov CN Tf GO CO 00 00 CO X 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 CO GO r^ --Tf CN O "^ (N 'O ^ tH fH (N »-H IM i-H QQi; C2; d aStJ "! ^1- o«i~ r-i ** I— ) •£^ d< d'd"-d . dtc M K m^ iS o g d^ i;d (D . ili 4-J QJ O (y Qj d^hl'^'i? ca o^ > 96 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS d 0) o o ^.o- 3 SO 5Q5 o^ Oq^S ofr-it^ o o o o " -'"' - — 'o'"' to >/'"""""""' *-< o *- r::: '*-l 2; >- S"T3 1- i^ v^ -t-- ogoo^riCoS-rtOoo!-- -B ' 6 ' C -4-lJ.S . a! aJ Sd o o c 3 o o c O „ rt o S >.o] co.ti I- OJ ^^^ c-^ ■- QP wUg' ,„ ^.^ ■ <: K H S o 3 c^- (LI m (UJ3 ca S S eg 3 > ca^ OJ "LI "^ m m OS-" j3'tnx;T3 OJ o ^ S-S 2 CM •^ cd ca . ca ca >.,S t- OJ ^ capa 3 '^ I. t« .- aJ|> oxi> 2; ZKv° £ m g o S S . nJ . - •Pi o~ u O >^ v3 t^ O T3.C UOQ 2: 3 aS S- '^ "^ ^ " 2Eg8 ca^ =5 c ca c ta "C OJ ii: ca >:; >i4J oi; cj ca;r; CU ca 1-' JG _^- fc ° -O. U-3m.g»w , 3 C P nj - S •= ^ o C^ ■^ O dJ - G > G;G O Q kiiOOOCN ciocooc>Lr)^0\^oooooc>ai00o cooooooocsoxoooocccoxoooooo g&°3§S'0,°J^3^^0.^ >-,M z i-^K-ic/} <:z:Qi-i^fa<;z ; OOvoo ,c» 0010 ,00 00 00 o a 0) o o<:qo s<^ so G -r rt°c3 SmeQooyQ 1 p^ 3 S § ^ g a SI'S £ >£ J s fc.^.^ g FACULTY 97 0^-H 0> _- QO ^.^ cSoo IS .^ Q nl ^ Q ^ iz: c o X a ■ o ..5 ^,^ cu.S .■a .5^ o c >. 5§0 ^1 c: ^*^ ;•- P C T3t/3 01 O '-'„,■ 2 00 o> 7: c voo Si .-H a> (uOg _-K E - - •S .Ji !> S, ?! t« O C ■go -- c-S .S.Si >,-" S-3 = -,x.yl;5 03 o] I- C 2;< 1^ bS o ^ S c -< ^ . 03 4J S "'"'oo fc c 2 .- O o "1 g V ° O O «J 3 > ^ oJ jJCfl 0! 03^_g=^ ?, ^ 3 0) .S --c ■'■OQ ""K 03 U rt P S -a -a 03 c 17!<1 (2M "tS ,~ 13 ►_; ^ ■s. . - OJ oi >= d 5 o tc >>— 03 o'^T' '-■ C • - 03 OJ t1 y CJ W t^ HH ^ ^ ■S-9 M 3ffi i-^tli-! ■a J3ii2-d'^^ 'Sj WOOZOWOh -a c •a o^ E -Q c3h ^W oJ ^j Jj.S 03 O^ C CXI o cm\! g ^ £ o C.S £ O ^ i^j3 pi oK > c o « * c 3 2 c«" ^&ESSii OCQ 3 t550WO £? t-c 03^ bi >.jiiX iS oJ . 3H E - iJ c °'^ o 3 ^_rt ^ y 01 *^ c 'a3 '"■ (u ^ E > a; - Eo] _ u p 03 t B QJ tH 3 C ^ Q ^jr °-S o.S' ^i-Li b£ p3 bi S ^ OJ b 03 £ rt b f' i^ C g tfl o o 5 o~a « X E o c 3 3 — QQotw> ■o— • ^.;^ •^ *"* 03 „ > .= o'^.-^ •O (y ^iJ t-i CfltL.>t >N<;w Offi Q r^ 00 r^ OC X 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 On ^ O — I -H O I^ t^ 00 f^ 00 O M M 00 X 00 00 O^i/^vOCCTtt^OOOOoOi^ONOv^HOTj- ^OONOOOsCf^<300i--r^OsOO\t^r^ r^ 00 r^ SO O (^ ■^" C^ r* ^ fN O' 00 i-i oo^^j:;oo oc> Sc^nfic'S gacrtcc c^^ S 5 S- a S cb" 03" a S- 5 g, 5 Sn-SjS ° 3 SJ3^J3 £30 ao U,>^, S Wl 3 3 3 t, SiS 03 03 tB OJ 98 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS fa OX P ft! 5 u 2 - C° rt^ ^1^52 n5 c o s£^fa° gov g'_u^ 3 Offi >-< 5 aj V SI' m rt E.2 S H ■^ '-' 00 vO ^^ 00 »0 O t^ t^ t-^ r- r>» Ov 00 00 vo f^ 00 000000 oooooooooo fOvO fO ro , cdXi a r^ifal/) lllll 2^ E'" ,- ""-5 ^ aj O i->e a .S,03 P'jtO'SS FACULTY 99 FACULTY OF LUTHER COLLEGE IN 1873 Standing: N. O. Brandt, C. Narvesen Sitting: J. D. Jacobsen, L. Siewers, A. Seippel, Laur. Larsen III. Professional Data In the following presentation of the professional record of each teacher at Luther College the aim is to indicate in chrono- logical order the degrees and training obtained and the important positions held by each individual, in such a way as to show forth clearly the qualifications of each teacher for his work at Luther College, likewise his later success. One point of terminology should be especially noted: at Luther College an instructor is designated (usually) as Teacher when his appointment is tempor- ary, or from year to year, but as Professor when his appointment has been made permanent. 100 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS 1. Professional Data — Regular Members of the Faculty ■j-Peter Laurektius Larsen (Laur. Larsen), 1861-1911 (1915). First President. A. B., Christiansand Cathedral School, 1850; Cand. Theol., University of Christiania, 1855; Teacher of Languages, Christiania, 1855-1857; Lutheran Pastor, Rush River, Wis., 1857-1859; Professor of Theology, Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, Mo., 1859-1861; President, Luther College, 1861- 1902, and. Professor of Religion, 1861-1870, 1872- 1900, History, 1861-1902, Norwegian, 1861-1874, 1882-1883, 1888-1889, 1892-1893, 1904-1905, Ger- man, 1861-1866, 1868-1870, Latin, 1861-1873, 1876- 1877, 1899-1900, Penmanship, 1864-1867, Hebrew, 1865-1875, 1879-1886, 1887-1911; Pastor, La Crosse, Wis., 1861-1862, Decorah, Iowa, 1862-1889; Editor-in-Chief of "Kirkelig Maanedstidende", 1868-1874, "Ev. Luth. Kirketidende", 1874-1889, 1902-1912; Member Board of Trustees, Luther College, 1865-1915 (Treas- urer, 1865-1871, President, 1871-1902) ; Vice-president, Norwegian Synod, 1876-1893; Chairman, Lutheran Synodical Conference, 1881-1883; D. D., Concordia Seminary, 1903; Knight of the First Order of St. Olav, 1908; President Emeritus, Luther College, 1911-1915. cational Association 1917-1921. ^Christian Keyser Preus, 1898-1921. Second President. A. B., Luther College, 1873; Cand. Theol., Concordia Seminary, 1876; Lutheran Pastor, Spring Prairie, Wis., 1876-1897, and Chicago, 111., 1876, 1893-1895; Teacher of Re- ligion and Norwegian, Luther College, 1898-1900, and Latin, 1899-1900; Professor of Christianity, Luther College, 1900-1921, Norwegian, 1900- 1901, 1912-1913, 1915-1920, History, 1900-1901; President, Luther College, 1902-1921; Vice- president, Norwegian Synod, 1911-1917; Com- mander of the Order of St. Olav, 1911; Vice- president of Iowa District, Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, 1917-1921; President, Edu- the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, Oscar Ludvig Olson, 1901 — . Third President (Acting). A; B., Luther College, 1893; Teacher, Bode (Iowa) Academy, 1893-1895; Student, Univer- sity of Minnesota, 18P5-1896; Teacher, Bruflat Academy, Portland, N. Dak., 1896-1897, Principal, 1897-1898; Teacher, Luther Academy, Albert Lea, Minn., 1898-1901; Professor of English and Orator- icals, Luther College, 1901-1906, Latin, 1901-1918, Gymnastics, Penmanship, 1901-1905, Geography, 1901-1902; A. M., University of Minnesota, 1903; Student, University of Chicago, summer 1904, sum- mers 1907-1911, 1913-1914; Professor of English Language and Literature, Luther College, 1906 — ; Ph. D., University of Chicago, 1914; Secretary, I>uther College Faculty, 1916-1921; Secretary, Board of Trustees of Lu- ther College, 1917 — ; Acting President, Luther College, 1921 — . FACULTY 101 1885-1908; fKNUT Ellefson Bergh, 1868-1874. Student, Madison, Wis., High School, 1859, Evansville, Wis., High School, 1859-1860, Concordia College, St. Louis, Mo., 1860-1861, Luther College, 1861, 1864 (Student Assistant), teaching Common School in the intervals; studied Law, 1868-1869; admitted to the Iowa bar, 1869; Teacher of Arithmetic and English, Luther College, 1868-1869; Professor of English and Geog- raphy, 1869-1872, Arithmetic and Algebra, 1869- 1870; Editor of "For Hjemmet", 1870; Secretary, Board of Trustees, Luther College, 1871-1874; Rep- resentative in Iowa State Legislature, 1872; to Nor- way on leave of absence on account of failing health, 1873-1874; died 1875. Carl Christensen Birkelo, 1912 (January-June). A. B., Luther College, 1910; Medical Student, Uni- versity of Chicago and Rush Medical College, 1910- 1914; Teacher of Chemistry, Physics, and Mathe- matics, Luther College, 1912 (January-June) ; M. D., Rush Medical College, 1914; Physician and Surgeon, Lutheran Hospital, La Crosse, Wis., 1914-1915, Ros- holt, Wis., 1916, Duluth, Minn., 1916-1917, Chicago, 1919-1920, Detroit, Mich., 1920—; First Lieutenant, Medical Corps, U. S. Army, 1918-1919. fJoN Bjarnason, 1874 (Feb.)-1875. A. B., Reykjavik College (Iceland), 1865; Cand. Theol., Reykjavik Theological Seminary, 1869; Luther- an Pastor, Stafafelli, Iceland, 1869-1870; Teach- er in Public Schools, Iceland, 1869-1872, and in Reykjavik College, 1870-1871; Teacher of Latin, Greek, and Geography, Luther College, 1874 (Feb.) -1875; Assistant Editor of "Skandina- ven", Chicago, 1875; Teacher of Norwegian, Augsburg Seminary, 1876, and Editor of "Bud- stikken", Minneapolis, Minn., 1876-1877; Pastor, Gimli, Manitoba, 1877-1880, Seidisfyrdi, Iceland, 1880-1884, Winnipeg, Man., 1885-1914; President (the first) of the Icelandic Lutheran Synod in Editor of "Sameiningen", Winnipeg, 1886-1914; Martinus Kristiansen Bleken^, 1906 (Jan.)- 1910. Student, Galesville University, 1885-1889; Cand. Theol., Luther Seminary (Theor. Dept.), St. Paul, Minn., 1892; Lutheran Pastor, Deer- field and Madison, Wis., 1892-1897, Chicago, 111., 1897-1906; Teacher of Religion, Norwegian, and Greek Testament, and Disciplinarian in the Preparatory Department, Luther College, 1906 (Jan.)-1910; Pastor, Saude (P. O. Lawler), Iowa, 1910—. 102 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS GiSLE Christian Johnson Bothne^ 1881 (Jan.)- 1883, 1884-1907. A. B., Luther College, 1878; A. B., Northwestern University, Watertown, Wis., 1879; Student of Classical Philology, Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, 1879-1880; Teacher of Parochial School, Min- neapolis, Minn., 1880; Teacher of Greek, Luther Col- lege, 1881-1883, German, 1881, Latin, 1S81-1882, English, 1881-1882, Algebra, 1881-1882, History, 1882-1883, and Norwegian, 1882-1883; A. M., Luther College, 1883; Graduate Student in Greek, Johns Hopkins University, 1883-1884; Professor of Greek, Luther College, 1884-1907, Mathematics, 1884-1894, English, 1884-1885, Historj^ 1885-1886, Norwegian, 1885-1907, and Principal of the Preparatory Depart- ment, 1891-1896; studied in Norway, Greece, and Germany, on leave, 1904- 1905; Professor of Scandinavian Languages and Literature, and Head of the Department, University of Minnesota, 1907 — ; Knight of the Order of St. Olav, 1911; Author of "Det Norske Luther College, 1861-1897" (a his- tory of Luther College up to 1897). fTHROND Johnson Bothne, 1875-1882. Graduate, Stord0en Seminary, Norway, 1854; Teacher and Editor in Norway, 1854-1875; Teacher of Norwe- gian, Latin, Catechetics, History, and Geography, Luther College, 1875-1876, and Professor of Norwe- gian and Latin, 1876-1882, History, 1876-1881, Ger- man, 1878-1882; Editor "Norden", 1882-1884, "Ame- rika", 1884-1887; with "Skandinaven", 1887-1894, and "Decorah-Posten", 1894-1907. fNiLS Olsen Bkandt, 1865-1881. Cand. Theol., University of Christiania, Norway, 1849 (also A. B. and A. M.) ; Lutheran Pastor, Rock River, Wis., 1851, and Home Missionary, 1851-1857 (first pastor from Norway West of Mississippi, 1851); one of the founders of the Norwegian Synod, 1853; Pastor at Watertown, Wis., 1857- 1865, Decorah, Iowa, 1865-1882; Vice-president of Norwegian Synod, 1857-1871, and Member of Church Council, 1857-1882; Professor of Catechetics, Luther College, 1865-1876, Geog- raphy, 1865-1867, German, 1865-1867, 1869-1870, Latin, 1865-1869, Vocal Music, 1865-1881, Nor- wegian, 1865-1866, Religion, 1865-1878, and Member Board of Trustees, 1865-1871; Joint Editor of "Kirketidende", 1868-1881, "Luthersk Skoleblad", 1880-1881; Vice-president, Iowa District, Norwegian Synod, 1876-1884; Parochial Teacher, Brandt, S. Dak., 1885- 1900; died 1921 at age of 97. FACULTY 103 fOLAUs Jensen Breda, 1879-1882. A. B., Gjert- sen's Classical School, Christiania, Norway, 1870; Student, University of Christiania, 1870- 1871 (A. M.); Cand. Theol., Concordia Semi- nary, St. Louis, Mo., 1875; Lutheran Pastor, St. Paul, Minn., 1875-1877; Philological Student, University of Christiania, 1877-1879; Professor of Latin, Greek, History, and Norwegian, Lu- ther College, 1879-1882, and German, 1879-1881; studied at Universities of Christiania, Copen- hagen, and Upsala, 1882-1884; Professor (the first) of Scandinavian Languages and Litera- ture (and Latin), University of Minnesota, 1884-1899; Teacher at Frogner's Gymnasium, 1900-1916, and the Military Academy, Christi- ania, Norway, 1903-1906. fAuoLF Bredesen, 1876-1878. A. B., Luther College, 1870; Cand. Theol., Concordia Semi- nary, 1873; Lutheran Pastor, Spring Prairie, Wis., 1873-1876; Teacher of Latin, English, and Religion, Luther College, 1876-1878, and Ger- man, 1877-1878; Pastor, Perry, Wis., 1878-1881, Stoughton, Wis., 1881-1901; Manager, Martin Luther Orphans' Home, Stoughton, Wis., 1902- 1906; Pastor Emeritus, Deerfield, Wis., 1906- 1913; Author. fNEHEM Christensen, 1872 (Jan.-June). A. B., Luther College, 1871; Teacher of English (?), Latin (?), Norwegian, and History (?), Luther College, Jan.-June, 1872; Cand. Theol., Concordia Seminary, 1875; Lutheran Pastor, St. Joseph, Mo., 1875-1877, Ellsworth, Iowa, 1879- 1882, St. Joseph, Mo., 1882-1885, Leona, Kans., 1885-1887, Genesee, Idaho, 1887-1892; Editor, "Luthersk Sendebud" (San Francisco), 1890, "Pacific Herold", Parkland, Wash., 1892-1896. Kntjte Olson Eittreim, 1918 — . Attended Red Wing Seminary, 1888-1889, Beeman's Busi- ness College, Red Wing, Minn., 1889-1890; Book- keeper, Chicago, 1890-1895; attended Chicago Theological Seminary, 1895-1900 (Cand. Theol., 1900); Lutheran Pastor, Creston, 111., 1900-1911; Teacher, Jewell Lutheran College, Jewell, Iowa, 1911-1918, President, 1912-1918; Co-editor of "The Lutheran Hymnary", 1913; Teacher of Commercial Subjects and Christianity, Luther College, 1918-1919, Professor of the same sub- jects, 1922 — ; Treasurer of Luther College, 1920—. 104 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Oliver Maurice Eittreim, 1920 — . A. B., Red Wing Seminary, 1916; Student, Iowa State College, Ames, 1916-1918; War Work, Electrician; Teacher of Physics and Mathematics, Luther College, 1920 — ; Student, University of Iov^ra, summer 1922. Andrew O. Esthem, 1889-1890. A. B., Luther College, 1886; Student, University of Iowa, 1886- 1887; A. M., Cornell University, 1889; Teacher of Latin, Ancient History, and Geography, Luther Col- lege, 1889-1890; Ph. D., Cornell University, 1892; Teacher, Wartburg College, 1894-1910, Lutheran Ladies' Seminary, Red Wing, Minn., 1910-1917; Su- perintendent of Schools, Portal, N. Dak., 1918-1920; Professor of English, Olivet College, 1920—. Chellis Nathaniel Evanson, 1919 — . A. B., Lu- ther College, 1918; U. S. Navy, 1918-1919; Teacher of History and Mathematics, Luther College, 1919 — , General Science, Physiology, and Geography, 1919- 1920, English, 1920—. fGusTAv Adolf Evenson, 1881-1882. A. B., Luther College, 1880; Parochial School Teacher, Calniar, Iowa, 1880-1881; Teacher of English and History, Luther College, 1881-1882; Philological Student, Johns Hopkins University, 1882-1883; Public School Teacher, Colorado, 1884. FACULTY 105 Christian Alford Fjeldstad, 1911 (April-Decem- ber). A. B., Luther College, 1905; Clerk in Drug Store, Grand Forks, N. Dak., 1905-1906; Teacher, Grand Forks College, 1906-1907; B. S., University of Chicago, 1908, M. S., 1909; M. D., Rush Medical College, 1911; Teacher of Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics, Luther College, 1911 ;" Interne, Madi- son General Hospital, Madison, Wis., 1911, Presby- terian Hospital, Chicago, 1912; Physician and Sur- geon, Red Wing, Minn., 1912-1917, Austin, Minn., 1917-1919, Minneapolis, Minn., 1919—; Special Med- ical Study, New York City, 1919. Knut Gjerset, 1902-1916, 1917—. A. B., Univer- sity of Minnesota, 1893; Principal, St. Ansgar (Iowa) Seminary, 1893-1895; Student, Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, 1895-1896, Heidelberg University, 1896-1898, Ph. D., 1898; Principal, Glenwood (Minii.) Academy, 1898-1902; Professor of History, Luther College, 1902-1916, Norwegian, 1905-1916; Special Study, Uni- versity of Christiania, 1909-1910, University of Ber- lin, 1910; Assistant Editor, "Symra", 1912-1914; Knight of the Order of St. Olav, 1916; President, Park Region Luther College, 1916-1917; Professor of History and Norwegian, Luther College, 1917 — , War Aims, 1918, Economics, 1918-1921; Author. tJoH(A)*r EvENSON Granrud, 1894-1897. A. B., Luther College, 1886; Student, University of Min- nesota, 1886-1887, University of Michigan, 1887-1888; Teacher, Luther Academy, Albert Lea, Minn., 1888- 1889; Principal (the first). Bode (Iowa) Academy, 1889-1890; A. M., Luther College, 1890; Student, Cornell University, 1890-1892, Ph. D., 1892; Teacher of Latin, St. Olaf College, 1892-1894; Teacher of Latin, Luther College, 1894-1897, and Economics, 1894-1895; Assistant, later Instructor, in Latin, Uni- versity of Michigan, 1897-1899, University of Min- nesota, 1899-1903; Assistant Professor of Latin, Uni- versity of Minnesota, 1903-1909, Professor of Latin, 1909-1919; Vice-president, Board of Education, Nor- wegian Lutheran Church of America, 1917-1919; Author. John G. Halland, 1887-1889. A. B., Luther Col- lege, 1884; Cand. Theol., Concordia Seminary, 1887; Teacher of German, Latin, Religion, and History, Luther College, 1887-1889, and Gymnastics, 1888- 1889; M. A., Luther College, 1888; Student, North- ern Indiana Normal School, 1889; Principal, Bruflat Academy, Portland, N. Dak., 1889-1892; County Su- perintendent of Schools, Traill Co., N. Dak., 1892- 1896; State Superintendent of Public Instruction, N. Dak., 1897-1901; attended Chicago School of Psy- chology, 1899; Institute Conductor and Lecturer; Professor of History, Sociology, Economics, and Pedagogy, N. Dak. Agricultural College, 1903-1910; Publicist, Lecturer, Real Estate, 1910—. 106 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Haldor J. Hanson (1882-1883), 1888-1890, 1894- 1904. Instructor in Vocal Music, Luther College, 1882-1883; A. B., Luther College, 1883; Student, Chi- cago Conservatory, 1883-1884; Teacher, Willmar (Minn.) Seminary, 1885-1887; Teacher of Music and Mathematics, Luther College, 1888-1890, Latin, 1888- 1889, and Norwegian, 1889-1890; studied Music in Weimar, Germany, 1891-1892; Instructor in Music, Luther College, 1894-1895, and Professor of Music, 1895-1904; Curator of Luther College Museum, 1896- 1902: Book and Music Dealer, Publisher, and Author, Chicago, 1904^; Editor, "Idun", 1908-1910; on Editorial Staff of "Skandinaven". Hans Sjurson Hilleeoe, 1912-1917. A. B., Lu- ther College, 1881; Public School Teacher; attended Northern Indiana Normal School, 1882-1884; Teacher of Psychology, Willmar (Minn.) Seminary, 1884- 1886; A. M., Luther College, 1886; Principal, Will- mar Seminary, 1886-1899; Theological Student, Chi- cago Lutheran Theol. Seminary, 1895-1896, Luther Seminary (St. Paul), 1897-1898; has also attended Harvard University, University of Chicago, and University of Minnesota; Superintendent of Schools, Benson, Minn., 1899-1904; Principal, Willmar Semi- nary, 1904-1907; Superintendent of Schools, Benson, Minn., 1907-1912; Principal of Preparatory Depart- ment, Luther College, 1912-1917, and Professor of Biology and Education, 1912-1917, Norwegian, 1913-1915, Sociology, 1916- 1917, and Special Subjects; President, Lutheran Normal School, Sioux Falls, S. Dak., 1917-1918, Augustana College and Normal School, 1918- 1920; Professor of Biology, Augustana College and Normal School, 1920 — ; Editor, "The Hammer", one year. Thorleif (O.) Homme, 1881-1882. A. B., Luther College, 1878; Stud. Theol., Luther Seminary, 1878- 1881, and Teacher of Norwegian and Religion, Mo- nona Academy; Cand. Theol., Luther Seminary, 1881; Teacher of Religion, German, Latin, and History, Luther College, 1881-1882; Teacher in Secondary and Higher Schools, Norway, 1882-1887; A. M., Luther College, 1884; Cand. Theol., University of Chris- tiania, 1891; Principal of Nedenes "Amtsskole", Heirefos, Norway, 1891-1908; Lutheran Pastor, R0l- dal, Norway, 1908-1913; Author. BRYN.70LF Jakob Hovde, 1916-1917, 1919—. A. B., Luther College, 1916; Teacher of Norwegian, Luther College, 1916-1917; Student, University of Iowa, 1917-1918, 1919, A. M., 1919; U. S. Army, 1918 (2nd Lieut., Coast Artillery) ; Teacher of Norwe- gian, Luther College, 1919—, and History, 1920—; Acting Dean of Men, 1920 — . FACULTY 107 Ellikg O. Hove, 1891-1893. A. B., Luther College, 1884; Cand. Theol., Concordia Semi- nary, 1887; Lutheran Pastor, Portland, Ore., 1887-1891, Decorah, Iowa, 1891-1894; Teacher of Religion (Catechism), Luther College, 1891- 1893; Pastor, Mankato, Minn., 1894-1901; Pro- fessor of Theology, Luther Seminary, 1901-1917, Luther Theological Seminary, 1917 — , St. Paul, Minn. Halvor Bj0rnson Hustvedt, 1883 (December), 1887 (March-June). A. B., Luther College, 1873; Cand. Theol., Concordia Seminary, 1876; Lutheran Pastor, Yankton, South Dakota, 1876-1881, Northwood, Iowa, 1881-1883; Secre- tary, Iowa District, Norwegian Synod, 1880- 1884; Teacher of Religion, Norwegian, and Di- dactics, Luther College, December, 1883; at- tended Slack's Business College, 1884; position in Lutheran Publishing House, Decorah, Iowa, 1884; Business Manager, "Amerika", 1885-1886; Parochial School Teacher, Decorah, Iowa, 1886; Assistant Pastor, Tracy, Minn., 1887; Teacher of Religion, German, and Latin, Luther College, March- June, 1887; Manager Lutheran Publishing House, 1887-1893; Teacher, Lutheran Normal School, Sioux Falls, S. Dak., 1893-1896 (Act- ing President); Assistant Bank Cashier, Decorah, Iowa, 1897-1905; Treasurer, Norwegian Synod, 1899-1905, 1911-1917; Member, Board of Trustees, Luther College, 1899-1920; Editor, "Lutheran Herald", 1906- 1909; Assistant Editor at Lutheran Publishing House, 190-5-1917; Pastor Emeritus, Decorah, Iowa. f Jacob Daniel Jacobsen, 1863 (Sept.-Nov.), 1872 (Jan.) -1881 (April 1). Substitute Teacher of Latin, English, Mathematics, Greek, German, Geography, and Penmanship, Luther College, Sept. 2-Nov. 1, 1868; Student at Luther College, 1864-1865; A. B., Concordia College, Fort Wayne, Ind., 1867; Cand. Theol., Concordia Seminary, 1870; Lutheran Pastor, Koshkonong, Wis., 1870-1872; Teacher of English, Latin, etc., Luther College, beginning Jan. 1, 1872, and ap- pointed permanently later that year; Professor of English, 1872-1877, German, 1872-1874, 1875- 1877, 1879-1881, Greek, 1872-1873, 1875-1881, Latin, 1872-1873, 1876-1879, Logic, 1872-1877, Mathematics, 1872-1873, Religion, 1872-1877, 1878-1881, Hebrew, 1875-1878; Secretary, Board of Trustees, Luther College, 1876-1881; Librarian, Luther College, 1874-1881; died April 1, 1881. 108 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Karl Theodor Jacobsek, 1904-1905, 1920—. A. B., Luther College, 1902; Student, University of Wiscon- sin, 1903-1904; Teacher of Greek, Norwegian, His- tory, Geography, and Hebrew, Luther College, 1904- 1905; Student, University of Wisconsin, 1905-1907, A. M., 1906; Library Assistant, Wisconsin Historical Society, 1906-1907; Cataloguer, Library of Congress, 1907-1911; Classifier, Universitj^ of Chicago Libraries, 1911-1916, Head Classifier, 1916-1920; Librarian, Luther College, 1920—. fULRiK ViLHELM KoREN, 1874-1875 (Decem- ber). A. B., Bergen Cathedral School, 1844; Cand. Theol., University of Christiania, 1852 (also A. M.) ; Teacher, Nissen Latin School, Christiania, 1852-1853; Lutheran Pastor, Wash- ington Prairie, Decorah, Iowa, 1853-1910; Sec- retary, Norwegian Synod, 1855; Member, Church Council, Norwegian Synod, 1861-1910; Secre- tary, Board of Trustees, Luther College, 1865- 1871 ; Vice-president, Norwegian Synod, 1871- 1876; Teacher of Norwegian, Luther College, 1874- Dec, 1875; President, Iowa District, Nor- wegian Synod, 1876-1894; Vice-President, Nor- wegian Synod, 1893-1894, President, 1894-1910; D. D., Concordia Seminary, 1903; Knight of the Order of St. Olav; Author. William Korest, 1889 (Jan.) -1892, 1895. A. B., Luther College, 1882; Cand. Theol., Concordia Semi- nary, 1885; Teacher and Student, 1885-1888; Teacher of Greek, Luther College, 1889-1892, Latin, English, Religion, and Physiology, 1889, German, 1889-1892, and History, 1891-1892; studied Philology at the Universities of Leipzig and Christiania, 1892-1894; A. M., Luther College, 1892; Teacher of Elocution and Physical Culture, Luther College, 1895; Profes- sor of English, Iowa Wesleyan University, 1895-1900; studied in Europe, 1900-1901; Professor of Modern Languages (French and Italian), Princeton Univer- sity, 1901—; Author. •j-Hans Jakob Gr0gaard Krog, 1890-1896. A. B., Stavanger Latin School, 1863; Theological Student, University of Christiania, 1864-1866 (A. M.); Teacher in Norway, 1866-1872; Cand. Theol., Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, Mo., 1S74; Lutheran Pastor, Minneapolis, Minn., 1874, Menomonie, Wis., 1875-1876, Baldwin, Wis., 1876-1890; Editor, "Missionsvennen", 1888- 1890 ( ?) ; Teacher of Norwegian and Religion, Luther College, 1890-1896, Latin, 1890-1895, His- tory, 1890-1892, 1896, French, 1895-1896 (Profes- sor, 1896); Pastor, Ossian, Iowa, 1896-1902; Emissary, Seamen's Mission, 1902-1904. FACULTY 109 Kriste^t Kvamme, 1896-1898. A. B., Luther College, 1894; Theological Student, Luther Semi- naiy, 1894-1896; Teacher of Norwegian, Reli- gion, and Latin, Luther College, 1896-1898, and History, 1897; Cand. Theol., Luther Seminary, 1899; Lutheran Pastor, New York City, 1899- 1909, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1909-1912, Ossian, Iowa, 1912 — ; Member, Visiting Committee, Lu- ther College, 1912-1917; Editor, "B0rneblad", 1913-1917, "Barnevennen", 1917—; Member, Board of Trustees, Luther College, 1914-1920, and Secretary of same, 1916-1917; Author. •j-Gabriel Hetting Landmark, 1867-1876. A. B.; attended University of Christiania, A. M., 1861; Teacher at Christiania, 1861-1867; Professor of Latin, Luther College, 1867-1876, Greek, 1867-1875, Norwe- gian, 1867-1874, History and Geography, 1867-1868, Penmanship, 1875-1876; Librarian (the first), Luther College, 1867-1874; Joint Editor, "For Hjemmet", 1870-1876; Head Teacher at Christiansund, Norway, 1877-1882 (?), Aalesund, 1882-(?); Editor, "Aale- sunds Handels- og Si0fartstidende", 8 years; Author; died August 17, 1907. Myron Wilbur Larsek, 1920-1921. A. B., Luther College, 1919; Medical Student, University of Wis- consin, 1919-1920; Graduate Student, Luther Col- lege, 1920; Teacher of Biology, Geometry, General Science, Physiology, and Geography, Luther College, 1920-1921; Student, Barnes Medical College, Wash- ington University, St. Louis, Mo., 1921 — . fFRIEDERICH LlNDEMANN, 1874-1875. A. B., Concordia College, Fort Wayne, Ind., 1871 ; Cand. Theol., Concordia Seminary, 1874; Luther- an Pastor, Decorah, Iowa, 1874-1875; Teacher of German, Luther College, 1874-1875; Pastor in the Missouri Synod, 1876-1893; Teacher of Drawing and Religion at the Lutheran Teach- ers' Seminary, Addison, 111., 1893-1907. no LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Ingeman M. Lyngaas, 1906-1907. A. B., Luther College, 1897; Student, Valparaiso University, 1897- 1898; Teacher, Glenwood (Minn.) Academy, 1899- 1902; Student, University of Minnesota, 1902-1904; Teacher, Lutheran Ladies' Seminary, Red Wing, Minn., 1904-1906; Teacher of Latin, English, and Gymnastics, Luther College, 1906-1907; Teacher, Lu- theran Ladies' Seminary, 1907-1918; Superintendent of Schools, Battle Lake, Minn., 1918-1919; Dairy Farmer, Winneconne, Wis., 1919 — . Norman Arthur Madson, 1911-1912, 1916- 1918. Student Assistant, Luther College, 1909- 1910, A. B., 1911, Assistant Principal of the Preparatory Department, and Teacher of Nor- wegian, History, Latin, and Religion, 1911-1912; Student, University of Chicago, summer, 1912; Theological Student, Luther Seminary, 1912- 1914, 1914-1915; Pastor, Chicago, 1914; Cand. Theol., Luther Seminary, 1915; Lutheran Pas- tor, Hibbing, Minn., 1915-1916; Teacher of His- tory and Religion, Luther College, 1916-1918, Public Speaking and Military Drill, 1917-1918; Chaplain, United States Army, 1918-1919; Pas- tor, Bode, Iowa, 1919 — . Rasmus Malmin, 1917-1918. Attended Uni- versity of Christiania, 1882-1891, A. B., A. M., Cand. Theol., six years teaching experience in Norway before 1892; Lutheran Pastor, Yank- ton, S. Dak., 1892-1895, Thompson, Iowa, 1895- 1917; Student, University of Minnesota, 1905- 1906; A. M., Luther College, 1906; Editor, "Kir- ketidende", 1916-1917, "Teologisk Tidsskrift", 1917 — ; Joint Editor, "Lutheraneren", 1917 — ; Teacher of Norwegian, Luther College, 1917- 1918; Author. George Markhus, 1892-1906. A. B., Luther Col- lege, 1885; Reporter for "Minneapolis Tribune", 1885-1887; Business Manager, "Amerika", 1887-1892; Clerk of Probate Court, Chicago; Teacher of Eng- lish, History, Religion, and Geography, Luther Col- lege, 1892-1896, Physiology, 1892-1893, Zoology, 1893- 1895; Professor of English, United States History, and Religion, 1896-1906, Geography, 1896-1900, Elo- cution, 1898-1906; Violin and Pipe Organ Manufac- turer, and Real Estate, St. Paul, Minn., 1907 — . FACULTY 111 Martin M. Mikkelson, 1913-1917. Graduated from the Normal Department of Luther College, 1879; Teacher of Common School, 1880-1887, and Paro- chial School, 1880-1890, Roche-a-Cree, Wis.; Farmer, 1883-1913, Manager of Farmers' Store, 1903-1907, Postmaster, 1904-1907, Insurance, 1908-1911, Arkdale, Wis.; Assistant Teacher of Norwegian,, English Grammar, U. S. History, Civics, Geography, Com- mercial Law, etc., Luther College (Preparatory De- partment), 1913-1917; Teacher, Augustana College and Normal School, 1918-1920. Leonard Alton Moe, 1920 — . A. B., Luther Col- lege, 1912; Teacher, Gale College, 1912-1916; Prin- cipal, Consolidated School, Manvel, N. Dak., 1916- 1917; Superintendent of Schools, Hillsboro, N. Dak., 1917-1918, Park River, N. Dak., 1918-1920; Principal of the Preparatory Department, and Teacher of Latin and Mathematics, Luther College, 1920 — . •j-Ragnar Marcus Julius Monrau, 1888-1888. Graduated, Nissen's Latin School, Christiania, Nor- way, 1872, A. B.; Tutor, two years; Student, Uni- versity of Christiania, 1876; one year in Italy and at University of Bonn, Germany; A. M., Univer- sity of Christiania, 1883; Professor of Latin, His- tory, and Norwegian, Luther College, 1883-1888, German, 1884-1885, 1886-1888; in Norway, 1888-1889; Asst. Editor, "Skandinaven", Chicago, 1889-1897 (or later), "Decorah-Posten", 1897 (or later) -1903. fCHRiSTEN Andreas Naeseth^ 1882-1921. A. B., Luther College, 1874; Cand. Theol., Con- cordia Seminary, 1877; Student, University of Christiania, 1877-1878; Lutheran Pastor, Lu- verne, Minn., 1878-1882; Professor of English, Luther College, 1882-1909, Greek, 1882-1883, Re- ligion, 1882-1893, 1894-1911, Mathematics, 1883- 1887, Norwegian, 1886-1890, History (English), 1887-1888, 1891-1903, German, 1893-1894; A. M., Luther College, 1883; on leave, Cornell and Johns Hopkins Universities, 1884-1885; Treas- urer, Iowa District, Norwegian Synod, 1886- 1895; Librarian, Luther College, 1887-1920; Sec- retary, Board of Trustees, Luther College, 1893- 1899, 1902-1914; Treasurer, Luther College, 1895-1915; College Librarian Emeritus, 1920-1921; died February 17, 1921. 112 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Ulrik William Koren Naeseth, 1908-1909. A. B., Luther College, 1908; Teacher of English, Latin, History, Luther College, 1908-1909, also Assistant Librarian; Cand. Theol., Luther Sem- inary, 1912; Lutheran Pastor, Rochester, Minn., 1912-1913, Orfordville, Wis., 1913-1914; Student Columbia University, 1914-1915, A. M., 1915; Pastor, Rochester, Minn., 1915 — . fCoRNELius Narvesen, 1873-1884. Graduate, Nor- mal Department, Luther College, 1867, and Winona (Minn.) Normal School, 1870; Teacher, Parochial School, Spring Grove, Minn., 1870-1873; Teacher of Mathematics and Sciences, Luther College, 1873-1877, U. S. History, 1873-1874, English, 1874-1876, Profes- sor of Mathematics and Sciences, 1877-1884; Treas- urer, Iowa District, Norwegian Synod, 1883-1884; died July 24, 1884. David Theodore Nelso^t, 1921 — . A. B., Luther College, 1912; Principal, Hannaford Public Schools, N. Dak., 1912-1913; Rhodes Scholar, Oxford Univer- sity, 1914-1917, A. B., 1920; Relief Worker, Belgium and Northern France, 1914-1915; Ambulance Worker, France, 1916; Lieutenant, American Army, U. S. and France, 1917-1919; Captain, U. S. Reserves, 1919—; Banking, New York City, 1919-1921; Teacher of English and Latin, Luther College, 1921 — . Olaf Nelson, 1918-1919. A. B., Luther College, 1918; Teacher of Biology and Geom.etry, Luther Col- lege, 1918-1919; Superintendent of Schools, Silva and Webster, N. Dak., 1919-1920; Banking, Portland, N. Dak., 1921 — ; Superintendent of Schools, Edmore, N. Dak., 1921—; Student, University of South Da- kota, summer 1922. FACULTY 113 Jens Anderson Ness, 1893-1894. A. B., Luther College, 1884; Student, University of Minnesota, 1884-1885, Johns Hopkins University, 1885-1887; Teacher of Latin and Greek, St. Olaf College, 1888- 1891 ; Teacher of Greek, University of South Dakota, 1891-1892; Teacher of Scandinavian, University of Minnesota, 1892-1893; Teacher of Latin and English, Luther College, 1893-1894; Student of Comparative Philology, Johns Hopkins University, 1894-1897, Fel- low in Sanskrit, 1896-1898, Fellow by Courtesy, 1898- 1903, Teacher of Sanskrit, Lithuanian, etc., 1899- 1903, Ph. D., 1901; Teacher of Sanskrit, University of Chicago, 1900; Teacher of Latin and French, Goucher College, 1903-1904; Professor of Latin (and Norwegian), Wittenberg College, 1904 — . Olaf Morgan Norlie, 1919 — . Rural Teacher, Norway, S. Dak., 1896; B. S., M. Accts., Dixon College, 1897; A. B., St. Olaf College, 1898, and Teacher, 1897-1898; Teacher, Humboldt College, 1898-1899, Milwaukee State Normal School, 18^99 (graduate); attended Wisconsin Institute Con- ductors' Institute, 1900-1903; Teacher, La Crosse (Wis.) High School, 1900; A. M., University of Wisconsin, 1901; Teacher, Stoughton (Wis.) High School, 1901-1903, Supt. Rushford (Minn.) Schools, 1903-1904; Teacher of English, United Church Seminary, St. Paul, and Student of Theology, 1904-1907, Cand. Theol., 1907; Stu- dent, University of Minnesota, 1904-1905, 1907- 1908, Ph. D., 1908; Teacher of Parochial School, at intervals; Lutheran Pastor, Atwater, Minn., 1907-1915; Pd. D., Dixon College, 1910; S. T. D., Augustana College (111.), 1915; Book Editor, Reference Librarian, Director of Norwegian Lutheran Information Bureau, Augsburg Publishing House, Minneapolis, 1915-1919, Director of School Survey, 1917-1918, and Teach- ers' Agency, 1917-1919; Litt. D., Wittenberg College, 1917, Secretary, Educational Association of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, 1918-1920; Student of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 1918-1919; Professor of Psychology and Sociology, Luther College, 1919—, also He- brew, Christianity, and Education, 1919—; President, American Lutheran Statistical Association, 1917—; Chairman of Statistical Committee ot National Lutheran Council, 1919—, and Librarian of its Lutheran Bureau, New York City, 1920—; Editor and Author of many Works, Joint Editor "Christian Keyser Preus", 1921-1922; Member of many Committees and Educational and Learned Associations. Peter Rudolf Oscar Olsen, 1883-1885. A. B., Skien High School, Norway, 1873; A. M., Uni- versity of Christiania, where he studied 1874- 1882, and 1886; Teacher, Porsgrund, Norway, 1882-1883; Teacher of Greek, Norwegian, and History, Luther College, 1883-1885, and Ger- man, 1884-1885; Cand. Theol., University of Christiania, 1886; Lutheran Pastor, Flekkefjord, Norway, 1886-1889; Arendal, Minn., 1889-1893; Teacher, Lutheran Normal School, Madison, Minn., 1893-1897; Pastor, 0rlandet, Norway, 1904-1913, Elverum, Norway, 1913-1914, where Dean of S. Psterdalen County School (?), 1914^. 114 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Zakarias J. Ordal, 1898-1899. A. B., Luther College, 1898; Teacher of Latin, Norwegian, and Gymnastics, Luther College, 1898-1899; Cand. Theol., Luther Seminary, 1902; Lutheran Pas- tor, Luverne, Minn., 1902-1903; Assistant Man- ager, Lutheran Publishing House, Decorah, Iowa, 1903-1905; Pastor, Waterville, Iowa, 1905- 1908; President, Lutheran Normal School, Sioux Falls, S. Dak., and Member of Board of Educa- tion, Norwegian Synod, 1908-1917; Editor "Kirketidende", 1905, "Folkekalender", 1906- 1907, "Skoleblad", 1911-1914; Pastor, River Falls, Wis., 1917—. Melvinus Sylvester Orwoll, 1907-1908. Student Assistant in Latin and Greek, Luther College, 1904- 1906; A. B., Luther College, 1906; Theological Stu- dent, Luther Seminary, 1906-1907; Teacher of Greek and Mathematics, Luther College, 1907-1908; Ab- stracter of Title, 1909-1917, and Banker, 1917—, Granite Falls, Minn. Oswald Benjajiix Overn, 1912-1919. A. B., Uni- versity of Minnesota, 1912; Teacher of Physics and Mathematics, 1912-1916, Professor, 1916-1919; on leave. University of Iowa, 1917-1918, M. S., 1918; Teacher, Luther Institute, Chicago, and Student, Uni- versity of Chicago, 1919-1920; Professor of Physics and Mathematics, Concordia College, St. Paul, Minn., 1920 — ; Student, University of Chicago, summer, 1922. fEMiL JoiiAN Petersen, 1882 (March) -1887 (March). A. B., Concordia College, Ft. Wayne, Ind., 1875; Cand. Theol., Concordia Seminary, 1878; Student, University of Copenhagen, 1878; Lutheran Pastor, Kilbourn City, Wis., 1879- 1882; Professor of German, Latin, and Religion, Luther College, 1882-1887, also taught Stenog- raphy; Librarian, Luther College, 1886-1887; Seamen's and Emigrant Missionary, New York, 1889-1919; Author of Textbook on Shorthand. FACULTY 115 Enoch Ernest Peterson, 1912 — . A. B., Luther College, 1912; Teacher of Latin, Luther College, 1912-1920, Professor, 1920—, Assistant Librarian, 1916-1921; Student, University of Chicago, summer, 1918, University of Michigan, summer, 1920; Buhl Fellow in Latin, University of Michigan, 1921 — ; ab- sent on leave from Luther College, 1921-1923; Chief Editor, "Luther College Semi-Centennial", 1911; M. A., University of Michigan, 1922. Francis Edwin Peterson, 1921 — . A. B., Luther College, 1909; Teacher, Park Region Luther College, 1909-1915, 1916-1921, and President, 1917-1921; Stu- dent, University of Wisconsin, four summer sessions and 1915-1916, A. M., 1916; Teacher of German and Latin, Luther College, 1921 — , and Supervisor of Practice Teaching, 1922; Student, Columbia Univer- sity, summer, 1922. Orlando Warren Qualley, 1918-1922. A. B., Lu- ther College, 1918; Teacher of Mathematics, Luther College, 1918—, Norwegian and History, 1918-1919, Latin, 1919—, and Greek, 1920—, Athletic Coach, Preparatory Department, 1919 — ; Student, Univer- sity of Michigan, summer, 1920, Columbia Univer- sity, summer, 1921 ; Fellow in Latin, University of Michigan, 1922—. tOi.A Ramstad, 1884 (April)-1886 (March), 188T- 1889. A. B., Luther College, 1883; studied Law, 1883-1884; Teacher of Sciences and Mathematics, Luther College, 1884-1886, 1887-1888, and English, 1884-1885, Professor of Sciences and Mathematics, 1888-1889; had been elected the first Principal of the Preparatory Department shortly before his death, June 22, 1889; willed his farm to Luther College for the support of Sciences. 116 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS fLARS Sjuhson Reque, 1875-1893, 1897-1916. A. B., Luther College, 1868, and Graduate Student, 1868- 1869; Theological Student, Concordia Seminary, 1869-1870; Teaching and Travel, 1870-1873, attended Universities of Christiania and Paris, 1872-1873, and taught as Substitute Teacher for Prof. Bergh at Luther College, winter, 1870-1871, winter, 1872-1873, September, 1873; LL. B., University of Iowa, 1874; Teacher of English, St. Olaf College, 1874-1875; Professor of English, Luther College, 1875-1893, Latin, 1875-1893, 1897-1916, Mathematics, 1875-1877, 1883-1885, Religion, 1875-1876, German, 1877-1880, Greek, 1877-1878, History, 1878-1891, Physical Geography, 1885-1887, 1888-1890, Norwegian, 1887- 1888, French, 1898 (?)-1916, and Psychology, 1908-1909, except that in 1881-1882 he studied in France and Italy; A. M., Luther College, 1883; Treasurer, Iowa District, Norwegian Synod, 1876-1883; Secretary, Board of Trustees, Luther College, 1881-1893, 1899-1902, 1914-1916; Secretary, Luther College Faculty, (?)-1916; Democratic Nominee for Congress, 1888; U. S. Consul General, Rotterdam, Holland, 1893-1897; Professor, Luther College, 1897-1916 (see above). Sigurd Styrk Reque, 1906-1908, 1919—. A. B., Luther College, 1903; Teacher, Traill Co., N. Dak., 1903-1904, Gale College, 1904-1905; Theological Stu- dent, Luther Seminary, 1905-1906; Teacher of Eng- lish, History, and Civics, Luther College, 1906-1908, Gymnastics, 1906-1907, Mathematics, 1907-1908; County Superintendent of Schools, Winnesheik Co., Iowa, 1909-1913; Teacher, Luther Academy, Albert Lea, Minn., 1913-1919, and Principal, 1914-1919; Teacher of English, Citizenship, and French, Luther College, 1919 — , and Norwegian, 1921 — ; Baseball Coach, Preparatory Department, 1920-1921, College Department also, 1922 — , in which capacity he also assisted 1909-1912. Halvard Roalkvam, 1878-1886 (Feb.). A. B., Luther College, 1874; Cand. Theol., Concordia Seminary, 1877; Student, University of Chris- tiania, 1877-1878; Teacher of Catechetics and Didactics, Norwegian, and Religion, Luther College, 1878-1886, Vocal Music, 1878-1879, Geography, 1881-1882, 1884-1885, History, 1882- 1886 (Professor, 1881-1886); Joint Editor, "Lu- thersk Skoleblad", 1880-1881; Librarian, Luther College, 1881-1886; A. M., Luther College, 1883; Treasurer, Iowa District, Norwegian Synod, 1884-1885; Lutheran Pastor, Crookston, Minn., 1886-1889, Fisher, Minn., 1889-1892; Principal, Grand Forks College, 1891-1893; Pastor, Coon Valley, Wis., 1893-1910, North Prairie, Minn., 1910-1916; Member of many Boards and Committees in the United Norwegian Lutheran Church; Author; Pastor Emeritus, Coon Valley, Wis., 1916 — . FACULTY 117 Adolph Marius Rovelstad, 1907 — . A. B., St. Olaf College, 1903; Principal of High School, Glenwood, Minn., 1903-1905; A. M., University of Michigan, 1906, Fellow in Latin, 1906-1907; Professor of Greek, Luther College, 1907-1911, Latin, 1907—, War Geog- raphy, 1918; Student, University of Michigan, sum- mer, 1911, 1914.-1915 (on leave), summers, 1918 and 1920; Special Classical Cruise along the Mediter- ranean, summer, 1912; Ph D., University of Michi- gan, 1921 ; Chairman, Reading Circle Committee, Classical Association of the Middle West and South, 1922—. George Alfred Taylor Rygh, 1883 (March- June). A. B., Luther College, 1881; Theolog- ical Student, Capital University, 1881-1882, 1883-1884 (Cand. Theol., 1884), Luther Semi- nary, 1882-1883; Teacher of English and Greek, Luther College, 1883; Lutheran Pastor, Port- land, Maine, 1884-1889; Teacher, Wittenberg (Wis.) Academy, 1889-1890; Pastor, Grand Forks, N. Dak., 1890-1891; Teacher of History, English, Scandinavian Literature, and Political Science, University of North Dakota, 1891-1895; Principal, Mt. Horeb (Wis.) Academy, and Pastor, 1895-1898; Pastor, Chicago, 111.', 1899- 1910; Editor, "United Lutheran", 1909-1914; Professor of History and Religion, St. Olaf College, 1910-1913; Assistant Editor, "American Lutheran Survey", 1914 — ; Litt. D., Newberry College, 1917; Lutheran Relief Commissioner to Baltic States, 1919-1920; Pastor, Minneapolis, Minn., 1921 — ; Author. Bertinius K. Sa(e)vre (1894-1895), 1900-1901, 1912-1918. Student Assistant in Arithmetic, Luther College, 1894-1895, A. B., 1896; Theological Student, Luther Seminary, 1896; Teacher, Park Region Lu- ther College, 1897; Student, Valparaiso University, 1897-1899, B. S. in Engineering, 1899; Teacher of Latin, English and Mathematics, Luther College, 1900-1901; Principal, Clifton (Tex.) Lutheran Col- lege, 1901-1904; Teacher, Glenwood (Minn.) Acad- emy, 1904-1905, and Principal, 1905-1907; Teacher, Minnesota State Summer School, 1906; Principal, Grand Forks College, 1907-1909; Publisher and Edi- tor, "Glenwood Herald", 1909-1912, 1918—; Profes- sor of Mathematics and Latin, Luther College, 1912- 1918, Treasurer, 1915-1918. fANTON B. Sander, 1878-1879. A. B., Luther Col- lege, 1874; Ph. D., Yale University, 1877 (the first graduate of Luther College to obtain the Ph. D. degree) ; Teacher of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and Ger- man, Luther College, 1878-1879; Teacher, Flushing, N. Y., 1879-1881. 118 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Friedrich August Schmidt, 1861-1872 (Jan- uary 1). A. B., Concordia College, Altenberg, Mo., 1854; Cand. Theol., Concordia Seminary, 1857; Lutheran Pastor, Eden, N. Y., 1857-1859, Baltimore, Md., 1859-1861; Professor of Greek, Luther College, 1861-1871, Latin, 1861-1863, 1864- 1867, 1869-1870, German, 1861-1863, 1864-1866, 1869-1871, Mathematics, 1861-1867, 1868-1869, English, 1861-1869, 1870-1871, Penmanship, 1861- 1863, Singing, 1861-1865, Geography, 1861-1863, 1867-1869, Religion, 1863-1871, U. S. History, 1866-1868, and Logic, 1869-1871; Editor, "Lu- theran Watchman", 1866-1867; Professor of Theology, Concordia Seminary, 1872-1876, Lu- ther Seminary, 1876-1886; Editor, "Altes und Neues", 1880-1885, "Lutherske Vidnesbyrd", 1882-1890; D. D., Capital University, 1883; Professor of Theology, Northfield (Minn.) Seminary, 1886-1890, Augsburg Seminary, 1890-1893; Joint Editor, "Luthersk Kirkeblad", 1890-1895; Professor of Dogmatics, United Church Seminary, St. Paul, 1893-1912, Professor Em- eritus, 1912 — ; Author. Heikhich Julius Manfred Alexander Seippel, 1873-1874. A. B., Christiansand Latin School, Nor- way, 1868; A. M., University of Christiania, 1873; Professor of Latin and Greek, Luther College, 1873- 1874; Assistant Librarian, University of Christiania, 1875-1882, 1885-1886; Student, University of Leip- zig, 1882-1884 (Ph. D.?); Professor of Semitic Lan- guages (Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac), Persian, Univer- sity of Christiania, 1886—; Knight of the Order of St. Olav; Author. Herman William Sheel, 1889 — . Attended Lu- ther College, 1874-1875; B. S., Northern Indiana Normal School, 1885; Teacher, Willmar (Minn.) Sem- inary, 1885-1889; Principal of the Preparatory De- partment, Luthef College, 1889-1891, 1896-1911, and Teacher (Professor since 1896) of Chemistry, 1889- 1890, 1891-1902, 1904—, Geography, 1889-1890, Mathe- matics, 1889-1914, 1915-1916, 1918-1920, 1921—, Physiology, 1889-1896, 1918, Zoology, 1889-1890, Physics and Physical Geography, 1889-1911, 1918, General Science, 1918-1919, and Surveying, 1918 — ■; Curator of the Luther College Museum, 1904-1911; on leave, 1911-1912. FACULTY 119 fLYDER SiEWERS, 1863 (Nov.)-1877. A. B., 1850, and A. M., 1852, University of Cliristiania; Teacher, Christiania, Norway, 1852-1861; Student in Germany, 1861-1863; Teacher (Professor, 1864r— ) of German and Greek, Luther College, 1863-1877, Latin, 1863- 1867, Geography, 1863-1867, 1868-1876, Penmanship ("Caligrapliy"), 1863-1865, 1867-1877, Norwegian, 1864-1877, Mathematics, 1864-1870, Natural History, 1866-1873, 1875-1877, History, 1868-1869, 1870-1871; Joint Editor, "For Hjemmet", 1870-1876; Editor, "Decorah-Posten", 1877-1907 (Chief Editor till some time in the '90's). William Paul Sihler, 1890—. A. B., Concordia College, Ft Wayne, Ind., 1883; Cand. Theol., Con- cordia Seminary, 1886; Parochial School Teacher, Ft. Wayne, Ind., 1886-1887; A. M., University of Wis- consin, 1888; Teacher, Dr. Sachs' Collegiate Insti- tute, New York City, 1888-1889; Student, Johns Hop- kins University, 1889-1890; Teacher (Professor of German since 1896) of Geography, I-uther College, 1890-1892, 1897-1905, Gymnastics, 1890-1893, History, 1890-1892, 1913-1915, 1916-1917, Latin, 1890-1891, Vocal Music, 1890-1894, Penmanship, 1890-1893, Physical Geography, 1890-1891, Religion, 1890-1891, 1893-1894, 1922—, English, 1891-1892, German, 1892—, Greek, 1892-1913, 1919—, Zoology and Physi- ology, 1892-1900, Drawing, 1906-1907, and French, 1917-1919; Author. Carlo Alberto Sperati (1885-1888), 1905 (March) — . Pilot's Examination, Navigation School, Christiania, Norway, 1882; Instructor in Vocal Music, Luther College, 1885-1888, A. B., 1888; Cand. Theol., Luther Seminary, 1891; Parochial School Teacher; Lutheran Pastor, Whatcom (now Bellingham), Wash., 1891-1894, Tacoma, Wash., 1895-1905; Teacher of Music, Pacific Lutheran Academy, Parkland, Wash., 1894-1895; Director, "Pacifickystens Norske San- gerforbund", 1903-1915, also various other mu- sical organizations; Musical Director, Luther College, 1905 — , also teaching Christianity; Di- rector, Decorah Choral Union, 1905 — , Choral LTnion of the Norwegian Synod, and of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, — ; managed eleven extensive tours of the Luther Col- lege Concert Band, including five to the Pacific Coast, and the Nor- way Tour of 1914; decorated by the Student Singers' Association of Nor- way, 1914. 120 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Carl Walther Strom^ 1919—. Second Lieutenant Inf., U. S. Army, 1918; Teacher of Military Drill, S. A. T. C, Yankton College, 1918; Student Assistant in Greek, Luther College, 1919, A. B., 1919; Teacher of Military Drill (Preparatory Department), Greek and Mathematics, Luther College, 1919 — ; Student, University of Iowa, summers 1920-1922; Assistant Registrar, Luther College, 1920 — , Secretary of the Luther College Faculty, 1921—. Hans Gerhard Stub, 1896-1900. A. B., Lu- ther College, 1866; A. B., Concordia College, Fort Wayne, Ind., 1869; Cand. Theol., Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, Mo., 1872; Lutheran Pas- tor, Minneapolis, Minn., 1872-1878; Secretary, Minnesota District, Norwegian Synod, 1876- 1878; Professor of Systematic Theology, Luther Seminary, Madison, Wis., and Robbinsdale, Minn., 1878-1896; Student at the University of Leipzig, 1881-1882; Joint Editor, "Ev. Luth. Kirketidende", 1889-1894, Chief Editor, 1894- 1896, Sole Editor, 1896-1898, Joint Editor, 1899- 1902; Pastor, Decorah, Iowa, 1896-1900, and Lecturer on Religion, Luther College, 1898-1900, College Pastor; Editor, "Theologisk Tidsskrift", 1899-1908; Professor of Theology, Luther Seminary (Hamline, St. Paul, Minn.), 1900-1917; D. D., Concordia Seminary, 1903; Vice-President, Norwegian Synod, 1905-1911, President, 1911-1917, and President, Norwegian Lutheran Church of Amer- ica, 1917—; Knight of the First Class of the Order of St. Olav, 1908, and Commander, 1912; raised endowment fund of $250,000 for Luther College, 1910-1911; President, National Lutheran Council, 1918-1920; Member of many Committees and Boards; Ex-Officio President of Board of Educa- tion, and Board of Visitors (Church Council), Luther College, 1911 — ; LL. D., Capital University, 1922; Author. Bjarne Svan0e, 1909-1911. A. B., Stavanger Latin School, 1902; A. M., University of Christiania, 1908; Student, University of Chicago, 1909; Teacher of History, Norwegian, and Gymnastics, Luther Col- lege, 1909-1911; Traveling Agent, Norwegian-Amer- ican Mindegave Committee, 1911-1914; Farmer, Svan- 0en, Norway, 1914 — . FACULTY 121 Hans Fred Swansen, 1918-1920. A. B., Luther College, 1914; Teacher, Luther Academy, Albert Lea, Minn., 1914-1918; Student, Harvard University, sum- mer, 1917; Teacher of English, Luther College, 1918- 1920, and Military Drill, 1918, Assistant Principal of the Preparatory Department, 1918-1919, and Prin- cipal, 1919-1920; Student, University of Chicago, sum- mer, 1920; President, Gale College, Galesville, Wis., 1920—. Henry Oscar Tali.e, 1921—. A. B., Luther Col- lege, 1917; Student, University of Minnesota, sum- mers, 1916 and 1919; Superintendent of Schools, Rolette, N. Dak., 1917; in U. S. Navy, 1917-1919, Ensign, 1918; Teacher, Rugby High School, N. Dak., 1919; Superintendent of Schools, Rolette, N. Dak., 1919-1920; Teacher, Luther Academy, Albert Lea, Minn., 1920-1921; Student, Boston University, and Emerson College of Oratory, summer, 1921; Teacher of Ecin imics, Public Speaking, Geography, and Latin, Luther College, 1921 — ; Student, University of Chicago, and Columbia College of Expression, summer, 1922. AsLAK K. Teisberg, 1874-1875. A. B., Luther Col- lege, 1870; Teacher of Mathematics, English, German, and U. S. History, Luther College, 1874-1875; Teach- er, St. Olaf College, 1875-1880; Editor, "Fergus Falls Ugeblad", 1883-1885; Assistant Secretary, Minne- sota Railway and Warehouse Commission, 1885, and later Secretary, till 1901; U. S. Customs Appraiser, St. Paul, Minn., 1901—. Theodore Elmer Thompson, 1908-1918. A. B., Luther College, 1904; Teacher, Willmar (Minn.) Sem- inary, 1904-1906; Principal, Bruflat Academy, Port- land, N. Dak., 1906-1908; Teacher (Professor, 1916) of English, Luther College, 1908-1918, and Latin, 1908-1912; A. M., University of Chicago, 1914; High School Teacher, Chicago, 1918—. 122 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS fKsruD Theondsen (Lommen), 1868, 1869, 1870. Graduate, Asker Seminary, Norway, 1848; Teacher in Norway; Assistant Editor, "Emigranten" (Madi- son, Wis.), 1864-1866, and "Skandinaven" (Chicago), 1866; Teacher (Substitute) of Religion and German (and Latin?), Luther College, spring of 1868, Oc- tober, 1868, and winter of 1869-1870; Editor, "For Hjemmet", 1876-1887; frequent Contributor to "De- corah-Posten" and "Ev. Luthersk Kirketidende" ; Author. Joh(a)k Olsen TmcELSTAD (1883-1885), 1886 (March) -1887. Instructor in Vocal Music, Lu- ther College, 1883-1885, A. B., 1885; Public School Teacher, 1885-1886; Teacher of Mathe- matics and Sciences, Luther College, March, 1886-1887; Student, Valparaiso University, 1886; Theological Student, Concordia Seminary, 1887- 1888; Teacher, Concordia (Mo.) Progymnasium, March-June, 1888; Theol. Student, Luther Sem- inary, 1888-1890, Cand. Theol., 1890; A. M., Lu- ther College, 1890; Lutheran Pastor, Portland, N. Dak., 1890-1900, and Principal, Bruflat Acad- emy; Professor of German, University of North Dakota, 1900-1908, and Scandinavian, 1900—. Oscar Adolf Tingelstad, 1909 — . A. B., Lu- ther College, 1905; Cand. Theol., Luther Semi- nary, 1907; Lutheran Pastor, Ballard (Seattle), Wash., 1907-1909; Teacher, Luther College, 1909- 1910, studying, University of Chicago, in the fall, and teaching at Luther College (Greek Testament, Latin, Civics) after Christmas; Pro- fessor of Psychology and Education, 1910 — , also teaching Christianity, 1910-1916, 1921-1922, U. S. History, Civics, and Arithmetic, 1910-1911, Latin, 1910-1912, 1919-1921, and French, 1916- 1917; on leave, 1912-1913, and second semester, 1922, at University of Chicago, where he also studied summers, 1910, 1912, 1913, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1920, and winter, 1914, A, M., 1913, Fellow in Education, 1913-1914; Acting Principal, Luther College Preparatory Department, 1911-1912, 1917- 1919, and College Registrar, 1914—; Joint Editor, "Norgesfaerden", 1914, "Christian Keyser Prcus'', 1921-1922; Secretary, Young People's Luther League, 1917-1922. FACULTY 123 Isaac Bertinus Tokrison, 1901 — . A. B., Lu- ther College, 1879; Student, Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, 1879-1880; Cand. Theol., Concordia Seminary, 1883; Lutheran Pastor, Waco, Texas, 1885-1889, Chicago, 111., 1888-1898, Decorah, Iowa, and College Pastor, Luther College, 1901 — , also Teacher of Religion at Luther College, 1902- 1912. Merriam Hartwick Trytten, 1917-1918, 1919-1920, 192i_. A. B., Luther College, 1916; Student, Wi- nona (Minn.) State Normal School, 1916; Superin- tendent of Schools, Starkweather, N. Dak., 1916-1917; Assistant Principal of the Preparatory Department, and Teacher of Mathematics, Physics, General Science, Public Speaking, and Civics, Luther College, 1917-1918 (April); in U. S. Army (in France), 1918- 1919; Student, University of Poitiers, 1919; Teacher of Physics and Biology, Luther College, 1919-1920; American-Scandinavian Foundation Scholar, Univer- sity of Christiania, 1920-1921; Teacher of Physics, Biology, and Mathematics, Luther College, 1921 — ; Correspondence Study, University of Chicago, 1921- 1922; Student, University of Iowa, summer, 1922. Carl Tvssest, 1914 (Januarv-May). A. B., Luther College, 1906; Public School Teacher, 1900-1902; Teacher, Willmar (Minn.) Seminary, 1906-1907, Lu- ther Academy, Albert Lea, Minn., 1907-1911; Prin- cipal of High School, Roland, Iowa, 1911-1912; Stu- dent, University of Wisconsin, 1912-1913, A. M., 1913; Teacher of Latin, Luther College, 1914 (Jan- uary-May) ; Principal, Clifton Lutheran College, Clifton, Texas, 1914—. George J. Ulviluek, 1918 (April-June). A. B., Luther College, 1916; Student Assistant, Lutheran Normal School, Sioux Falls S. Dak., 1911-1912; Teacher, Lutheran Normal School, 1916-1917; The- ological Student, Luther Seminary, 1917-1918, 1918- 1920; Assistant Principal of the Preparatory De- partment, and Teacher of Mathematics and Civics, Luther College, April-June, 1918; Cand. Theol., Lu- ther Theological Seminary, 1920; Lutheran Pastor, Toronto, S. Dak., 1920—. 124 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS ToRVALD Vaaler, 1920-1921. A. B., Luther Col- lege, 1919; Principal of high school, Calmar, Iowa, 1919-1920; Student, University of Iowa, summer, 1920; Teacher of German, Norwegian, and English, Luther College, 1920-1921, also Graduate Study; Medical Student, University of Minnesota, 1921 — . Andrew A. Veblen, 1877-1881. A. B., Carleton College, 1877; Teacher of English and Penmanship, Luther College, 1877-1881, Latin, 1877-1878, Mathe- matics, 1878-1881, Physiology, 1879-1881, Tlieary and Practice of Teaching, 1879-1880, U. S. History, 1880- 1881; A. M., Carleton College, 1880; Student, Johns Hopkins University, 1881-1883; Teacher of Mathe- matics, Carleton College, 1883; Instructor in Mathe- matics, University of Iowa, 1883-1886, Professor of Physics, 1886-1905; Editor, "Valdris Helsing', 1906- 1910, "Samband", 1910-1917; Lecturer and Author. Johannes Waage, 1918 (Sept.- No/ )• A. B., Lu- ther College, 1918; Teacher of Norse and Mathe- matics, 1918 (Sept. Nov.) ; resigned on account of failing health; at sanatoriums in Minnesota, 1919 — . Casper Ingram Wollan, 1912 (Jan.-June). A. B., Luther College, 1911; Teacher of Mathematics and History, Luther College, 1912, and at Luther Acad- emy, Albert Lea, Minn., 1912-1919; Merchant, Glen- wood, Minn., 1919—. FACULTY 12,'> fJoHAN Thorbj0rn Ylvisakdr, 1889 1890 (Nov.). A. B., Luther College, 1877; Cand. Theol., Concordia Seminary, 18S1 ; Lutheran Pastor, Albert Lea, Minn., 1881-1889, Decorah, Iowa, 1889-1890; Teacher of Religion, Luther College, 1889-1890 (Nov. 30) ; Author of a Mono- graph on Luther College. Sigurd Christian Ylvisaker, 1911 (Jan.)- 1919. A. B., Luther College, 1903; Student, Uni- versity of Minnesota, 1903-1904; Cand. Theol., Luther Seminary, 1907; Ph. D., University of Leipzig, 1910; Lutheran Pastor, Minot, N. Dak., 1910-1911, Chicago, 111., 1914; Professor of He- brew, Greek, and Christianity, Luther College, 1911 (Jan.)-1919, Ancient History, 1911-1913, Military Law, 1918, and Military" Drill, 1918- 1919; Fort Sheridan (111.) Officers' Training Camp, S. A. T. C, 1918; Professor of Greek and Hebrew, Concordia College, St. Paul, Minn., 1919—; Author. PROFESSIONAL DATA— SPECIAL INSTRUCTORS AND OFFICIALS Theresse Eleanor Arneson (now Mrs. B. J. Hov- de), 1917-1921. Attended Prairie du Chien Sani- tarium, Wis., 1911-1913, Registered Nurse, 1913, Superintendent of Nurses, 1914; Matron, Aase Hau- gen Home, Decorah, Iowa, 1915; Superintendent, City Hospital, Decorah, Iowa, 1919; College Nurse, Luther College, 1917-1921; officially so designated, 1919-1921. Ole Boe (Nagelsaker), 1907-1909. Student, Ha- mar Middle School, Norway, 1893-1894, and Hamar Seminary, 1894-1897 (Graduate) ; Teacher in Nor- way, 1898-1902; D. D. S., Chicago College of Dental Surgery, 1907; Instructor in Gymnastics, Luther College, 1907-1909; Dentist, Decorah, Iowa, 1907—. 126 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Christian Brandt, 1876 (Sept.-Dec.) Cadet, Royal Military Academy, Christiania, Norway, 1872-1874; Commissioned 2nd Lieutenant, 1874; in Norwegian Army, 1874-1884; studied Civil Engineering, Aix-la- Chapelle, Germany, 1875-1876; Special Instructor in Gymnastics and Military Drill, Luther College, 1876 (Sept.-Dec.) ; City Editor, "Skandinaven", Chicago, 1876-1878; Asst. Editor, "Faedrelandet og Emigran- ten". La Crosse, Wis., 1878-1880; Editor and Pub- lisher, "Red River Posten", Fargo, N. Dak., 1880- 1881, "Nordvesten", St. Paul, Minn., 1881-1887, 1897- 1907; Member, Minnesota National Guard, 1881 — , Colonel, 1883-1887, 1889-1907, on Retired List as such, 1907 — , Inspector-General (Brigadier-General), 1887-1889; U. S. Internal Revenue Service, 1887-1897; on Editorial Staff, "Minneapolis Tidende", 1895-1897, "Decorah-Posten", Decorah, Iowa, 1907—. Ivan Doseff, 1921 — . B. S., University of Chi- cago, 1908; Special Work, Art Institute, Chicago, 1906-1908; Freshman Team Coach, Chicago, 1909; Director of Athletics and Teacher of General Science, La Crosse (Wis.) High School, 1910; Social Direc- tor, Council and Davis Squares, South Park Play- grounds, Chicago, 1911-1913; Athletic Director and Teacher of Drawing, Fargo College, 1914; Athletic Director and Teacher of General Science, Elgin (111.) High School, 1915-1917; Athletic Instructor and Teacher of Mathematics, Cornell College, 1918-1919; Athletic Director, Iowa State Teachers' College, 1919- 1921; Physical Director, and Coach of Football, Bas- ketball, and Track, Luther College, 1921 — . Harold Herbert Fisher, 1918-1920 (Feb.). Offi- cers' Training Camp, Fort Niagara, N. Y., 1917 (2nd Lieut. Infantry) ; Teacher of Military Science, Uni- versity of Nebraska, 1918; Commissioned 1st Lieu- tenant, 1918; on duty with 15th Co., 154th Depot Brigade, Camp Meade, Md., 1918-1919; Commanding Officer, and Teacher of Military Science, S. A. T. C, Luther College, 1918-1919, Professor of Military Science and Tactics, R. O. T, C, 1919-1920; Com- missioned Captain, and Teacher of Military Science, Rockford (111.) High Schools, 1920—. Herbj0rn N. Gausta, 1887. Student, Luther Col- lege, 1872-1875; Studied Painting in Europe (Chris- tiania and Munich), 1875-1882; Artist, Chicago, 111., Madison, Wis., La Crosse, Wis., Decorah, Iowa, 1882- 1887; Special Instructor in Drawing, Luther College, 1887; Studied in Italy, Germany, and Norway, 1887- 1889; Artist, Minneapolis, Minn., 1889 — . FACULTY 127 Ole Glesne, 1917—. A. B., St. Olaf College, 1895; Cand. Theol., United Church Seminary, 1898; Lutheran Pastor, Aberdeen, S. Dak., 1898- 1916, Decorah, Iowa, 1916—; President, South Dakota Luther League, 1905-1909; College Pas- tor (with Rev. I. B. Torrison), 1917—. Allen Clack Grundy, 1918 (Sept.-Dec). Stu- dent, Trinity University, Waxahachie, Texas, 1915- 1917, Viroqua Military Institute, Lexington, Va., 1917-1918; Officers' Training Camp, Ft. Sheridan, 111., 1918 (2nd Lieutenant Infantry) ; Personnel- Adjutant, S. A. T. C, Luther College, 1918 (Sept.-Dec); B. A., Trinity University, 1919; LL. B., University of Texas, 1922; with The Grundy Abstract and Title Co., Memphis, Texas, 1922—. Gjermund O. Haugen, 1890-1891. Public School Teacher, 1887-1891, having attended Decorah (Iowa) Institute, 1885-1887; attended Valder Business Col- lege, 1890; Instructor, Decorah Institute, 1891-1893, and Instructor in Penmanship, Luther College, 1890- 1891 ; attended Iowa Business College, 1891, Northern Indiana Normal, 1893, Cedar Rapids Business Col- lege, 1894; Instructor in Commercial Subjects, Lu- theran Normal School, Sioux Falls, S. Dak., 1893- 1895, Stoughton (Wis) Academy, 1899-1900; County Superintendent of Schools, Winneshiek Co., Iowa, 1896-1899; LL. B., University of Wisconsin, 1903; Attorney-at-Law, Stoughton, Wis!., 1903-1909, Mad- dock, N. Dak., 1909—; Editor, "Maddock Standard", 1909—. Charles Philip Hexom, 1908-1909. Student, Lu- ther College, 1899-1902; Student, Art Institute, Chi- cago, 1904-1905, Chicago Academy of Fine Arts, 1905-1906; Special Instructor in Drawing, Luther College, 1908-1909; Artist and Merchant, Decorah, Iowa, 1909—. 128 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Walter A. Jewell, 1919 (Sept.-Nov.). LL. B., University of Iowa, 1919; Football Coach, Luther College, 1919; Attorney-at-Law, Decorah, Iowa, 1919- 1921; High School Teacher and Athletic Coach, Al- lerton, Iowa, 1921-1922; Student, University of Iowa, summer, 1922. Arthur Latjdel, 1919 (Spring)-1921 (Spring). Attended Latham (Mo.) High School, 1902-1905; Private Tutor, 1902-1905; Professional Baseball Player, Texas League, 1907-1911 (Dallas, 1907-1909, Waco, 1909-1911), American League, 1910-1911 (De- troit), American Association, 1911-1913 (Minneap- olis), Central League, 1912 (Fort Wayne and Cin- cinnati, 1912) ; Candy Manufacturer, Decorah, Iowa, 1917-1922; Baseball Coach, Luther College, 1919, 1920, and 1921; in Business, Fort Wayne, Ind., 1922 — . Ralph A. Movold, 1920 (Nov.)-1921. In U. S. Army, Camp Dodge, 1917-1919; B. S., North Dakota Agricultural College, 1920, Basketball Coach, 1920- 1921; Physical Director, and Coach in Basketball and Track, Luther College, 1920 (Nov.)-1921. Alvin Julius Natvig, 1919 (Dec.)-1920 (March). A. B., Luther College, 1918; Basketball Coach and Teacher of Norwegian and Latin, Luther College, December, 1919-March, 1920; Teacher, Park Region Luther College, 1921—. Robert P. Nelson, 1919 (Feb.-June). Sergeant, U. S. Army; Assistant Instructor in Military Science and Tactics, R. O. T. C, Luther College, 1919. FACULTY 129 1r-\ fTHOMAS NiLSSON, 1904-1905. A. B., Luther College, 1889; Theological Student, Wauwatosa, Wis., 1889-1891, Luther Seminary, 1891-1892, Cand. Theol., 1892; Lutheran Pastor, Chicago, 111., 1892-1897, St. Paul, Minn., 1897-1904, Ridge- way, Iowa, 1904-1913; Instructor in Norwegian, Luther College, 1904-1905, Member, Board of Trustees, 1905-1908; Editor, "B0rneblad", 1909- 1913, "Ev. Luth. Kirketidende", 1913-1917. Olivia Peterson, 1915-1917. Registered Nurse, Graduate, St. Paul (Minn.) Hospital; Decorah City Hospital, also serving Luther College, 1915-1917; in Red Cross Work with American Army during the World War; County Nurse, Pope Co., Minn., 1919- 1921; Nurse, St. Paul Hospital, 1921-1922; State Health Demonstrator, St. Paul, Minn., 1922—. •j-AxEL Christiast Rosenkrantz Smith, 1876-1905. A. B. and A. M., University of Christiania, M. D., 1869; Physician, Decorah, Iowa, 1873-1906; College Physician, Luther College, 1876-1905; retired, Scan- dinavia, Wis., and Decorah, Iowa, 1906-1917. Carsten C. Smith, 1905-1906. Student, Luther College, 1892-1897; M. D., Northwestern University, 1903; College Physician, Luther College, 1905-1906; Physician, Merrill, Wis., 1903-1904, Decorah, Iowa, 1904-1906, Scandinavia, Wis., 1906-1918, Carson Lake, Minn., 1918—. Oscar M. Solem, 1920 (Sept.-Dec). A. B., (?), University of Minnesota, (?), LL. B., (?); Captain, U. S. Army, 1918-1919; Football Coach, — , Luther College, 1920; Athletic Director, Drake University, 1921—. 130 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Ola Andreas Solheim, 1881-1882. A. B., Luther College, 1881 ; Special Instructor in Vocal Music, and Director of Band, Luther College, 1881-1882; Theological Student, Luther Seminary, 1882-1883; Teacher, Willmar (Minn.) Seminary, 1883-1884; Stu- dent of Theology, University of Christiania, 1884- 1887; Parochial School Teacher, Wis., 1887-1889; Teacher, Martin Luther Orphans' Home, Stoughton, Wis., 1889-1901; Farmer, 1901-1906; Parochial School Teacher, 1906-1910 (near Decorah, Iowa, 1907-1910) ; Professor of Christianity and Norwegian, Lutheran Normal School, Sioux Falls, S. Dak., 1910-1918, Au- gustana College and Normal School, 1918 — ; Mem- ber, Visiting Committee, Luther College, three years. Trond Stabo, 1906 — . A. B., Hamar Gymnasium, Norway, 1888; A. M., University of Christiania, 1889, M. D., 1894; Physician, Spring Grove, Minn., 1895-1906; attended Philadelphia Polyclinic, 1898, New York Polyclinic, 1898, University of Berlin, 1900; Physician, Decorah, Iowa, 1906 — , and College Physician, Luther College, 1906 — ; Knight of the Order of St. Olav; Member, Board of Trustees, Lu- ther College, 1914 — , and President of the Board, 1921—; Vice Consul for Norway, 1917—. Charles H. Valder, 1881-1890. Attended State Normal School, Winona, Minn.; taught Public School, Minn, and Wis.; Instructor in Business College, De- corah, Iowa, 1875 — -, and Supervisor of Penmanship in the Decorah Schools, 1876-1888; founded Valder Business College, 1888, and Valder Normal School, 1889, Decorah, Iowa; President of same, 1888(1889)- 1922; Instructor in Penmanship, Luther College, 1881-1890 ( listed in early Catalogs as "Professor of Penmanship") ; retired from School Work, 1922. Nora Louise Waliius, 1921 — . Attended La Crosse Lutheran Hospital, Wis., 1914-1917, Registered Nurse, 1918; Chicago Lying-in Hospital, 1917; Night Supervisor, Spring Grove (Minn.) Hospital, 1917- 1918; Red Cross Nurse, Fort Snelling, Minn., 1918- 1919; Superintendent, Spring Grove Hospital, 1919; Superintendent, Conway Hospital, Elma, Wash., 1919-1920; College Nurse, Luther College, 1921—. FACULTY 131 4^^ ;i:^^'^ : ^"^ ^ J.^w^-:- ^^^ -f "f I.UTHER COLLEGE FACULTY IN 1902 Back Row: O. L. Olson, Geo. Markhus, H. W. Sheel Front Row: L. S. Reque, W. Sihler, C. A. Naeseth, G. Bothne, C. K. Preus, Laur. Larseii IV. Distribution of Work The remaining portion of this chapter is designed to answer the following question: What teacher taught any given subject in any given year ? Prof. Bothne's history of Luther College makes possible an approximately complete answer to this ques- tion up to 1897; the catalogs of Luther College furnish a less comprehensive guide for the remaining years. Figures indicate the number of hours per week. Names of substitute teachers and student assistants are enclosed in parentheses. The teachers are arranged by departments; within each department the teacher of the most advanced class (not necessarily the head of the de- partment) is named first, and so on down to the teacher of the lowest class. Incidentally this section furnishes a condensed summary of the curriculum at Luther College year by year. In the interest of economy of space the Collegiate and Preparatory Departments have been merged in the tabulation. 132 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, FIRST FIVE YEARS, 1861-66 Department 1861-62 1862-63 1863-64 1864-65 1865-66 Catechetics and Methods N. Brandt 2 English F. Schmidt 4 F. Schmidt 4 F. Schmidt 7 F. Schmidt 6 F. Schmidt 9.5 (J. Jacobsen 5) Geography F. Schmidt 2 F. Schmidt 2 L. Siewers 4 L. Siewers 4 N. Brandt 2 (J. Jacobsen 2) L. Siewers 2 German F. Schmidt 4 F. Schmidt 4 L. Siewers 6 F. Schmidt 2 L. Siewers 2 L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 3 L. Larsen 3 F. Schmidt 1.5 (J. Jacobsen 3) .... L. Siewers 3 L. Larsen 3 N. Brandt 2 Greek F. Schmidt 3 F. Schmidt 3 F. Schmidt 4 F. Schmidt 4 F. Schmidt 4 L. Siewers 3 L. Siewers 4 L. Siewers 8 (J. Jacobsen 3) Hebrew L. Larsen(2 Sem.) . L. Larsen 2 (4) History L. Larsen 3 L. Larsen 3 L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 6 Latin F. Schmidt 6 F. Schmidt 6 L. Larsen 10 L. Larsen 5 L. Larsen 8 L. Larsen 5 L. Larsen 5 L. Siewers 12 F. Schmidt 2 F. Schmidt 5 (J. Jacobsen 7) .... L. Siewers 11 L. Siewers 6 N. Brandt 5 Mathematics F. Schmidt 4 F. Schmidt 4 F. Schmidt 7 F. Schmidt 2 L. Siewers 7 (Arith.; Alg.; Geom.) . (J. Jacobsen 4).. . .L. Siewers 2 F. Schmidt 2 Music (Singing) . . . . F. Schmidt 2 F. Schmidt 2 F. Schmidt 2 F. Schmidt 2 N. Brandt 3 Norwegian L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4. L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 5 L. Larsen 2 L. Siewers 3 N. Brandt 5 L. Siewers 3 Penmanship F. Schmidt 2 F. Schmidt 2 L. Siewers 1 L. Larsen 1 L. Larsen 2 (Caligraphy) (J. Jacobsen 1) .... L. Siewers 1 Religion L. Larsen 3 L. Larsen 3 F. Schmidt 5 F. Schmidt 5 F. Schmidt 5 (Aug. Conf., Bible L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 4 N. Brandt 3 Ex., Bible Hist. L. Larsen 2 Catechism) DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, SECOND FIVE YEARS. 1866-71 Department 1866-67 1867-68 1868-69 1869-70 1870-71 Catechetics and N. Brandt 2 N. Brandt 2 N. Brandt 2 N. Brandt 4 N. Brandt 5 Methods English F. Schmidt 9 F. Schmidt 9 F. Schmidt 6.. .-. . . K. Bergh 16 K. Bergh 12 K. Bergh 11 (L. Reque 12) F. Schmidt 3 Geography N. Brandt 2 G. Landmark 2. . . . L. Siewers 2 L. Siewers 1 L. Siewers 2 L. Siewers 2 F. Schmidt 2 F. Schmidt 2 K. Bergh 2 K. Bergh 2 (L. Reque 2) German L. Siewers 4 L. Siewers 5 F. Schmidt 4 F. Schmidt 3 F. Schmidt 2 N. Brandt 5 (K. Throndsen) . . .L. Siewers 4 L. Siewers 4 L. Siewers 7 L. Larsen 3 N. Brandt 2 (K. Throndsen) . . . L. Larsen 3 Greek L. Siewers 4 G. Landmark 8 .... G. Landmark 4. . . . G. Landmark 4. . . . G. Landmark 3 F. Schmidt 4 L. Siewers 4 L. Siewers 4 F. Schmidt 4 F. Schmidt 4 F. Schmidt 4 L. Siewers 4 L. Siewers 4 Hebrew L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 4 History L. Larsen 5 L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 3 L. Larsen 2 (Gen. and U. S.) F. Schmidt 2 F. Schmidt 2 L. Siewers 2 L. Siewers 2 G. Landmark 2 Latin L. Larsen 9 G. Landmark 12.. . G. Landmark 18.. .G. Landmark 18.. .G. Landmark 18 F. Schmidt 3 L. Larsen 11 N. Brandt 6 F. Schmidt 6 L. Larsen 12 L. Siewers 6 N. Brandt 6 L. Larsen 6 L. Larsen 6 N. Brandt 5 (K. Throndsen) Librarian G. Landmark G. Landmark G. Landmark G. Landmark Logic F. Schmidt 2 F. Schmidt 1 Mathematics F. Schmidt 2 L. Siewers 8 L. Siewers 4 L. Siewers 4 K. Bergh 8 L. Siewers 6 F. Schmidt 2 K. Bergh 8 (L. Reque 8) K. Bergh 4 Music (Singing) . . . . N. Brandt 3 N. Brandt 3 N. Brandt 3 N. Brandt 4 N. Brandt 4 Natural History . . . . L. Siewers 1 L. Siewers 1 L. Siewers 1 L. Siewers 3 L. Siewers 3 Norwegian L. Larsen 5 L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 2 L. Siewers 3 G. Landmark 2.. . ,G. Landmark 2.. . .G. Landmark 2.. . .G. Landmark 4 L. Siewers 5 L. Siewers 7 L. Siewers 9 L. Siewers 6 Penmanship L. Larsen 2 L. Siewers 2 L. Siewers 2 L. Siewers 2 L. Siewers 2 Religion F. Schmidt 5 F. Schmidt 6 p. Schmidt 6 F. Schmidt 10 F. Schmidt 10 (Aug. Conf.. Bible N. Brandt 3 N. Brandt 3 N. Brandt 2 N. Brandt 4 N. Brandt 6 Ex., Bible Hist., L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 2 Catechism. Greek (K. Throndsen) . . . (K. Throndsen) Testament) FACULTY 133 DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, THIRD FIVE YEARS, 1871-76 Department 1871-72 1872-73 1873-74 1874-75 1875-76 Catechetics, etc N. Brandt 5 N. Brandt 5 N. Brandt 5 N. Brandt 5 N. Brandt 3 T. Bothne 3 English K. Bergh 12 K. Bergh 12 J. Jacobsen 19. . . .J. Jacobsen 4 J. Jacobsen 7 F. Schmidt 3 (?)... (L. Reque) A. Teisberg 12 (?) . L. Reque 13 (J. Jacobsen) J. Jacobsen 4 C. Narvesen 6 . . . . C. Narvesen 6 (N.Christensen ?) Geography L. Siewers 2 (?)... L. Siewers 2 L. Siewers 2 J. Bjarnason 4 . . . . L. Siewers 1 K. Bergh 2 K. Bergh 2 C. Narvesen 2 .... L. Siewers 2 T. Bothne 3 (L. Reque) (L. Reque) C. Narvesen 4 .... C. Narvesen 4 German F. Schmidt 2 (?).. .J. Jacobsen 2 J. Jacobsen 2 F.Lindemann 2(?) .J. Jacobsen 2 (J. Jacobsen) L. Siewers 7 L. Siewers 7 L. Siewers 7 L. Siewers 7 L. Siewers 7 (?) A. Teisberg 3 Greek G. Landmark 3. . . . G. Landmark 3. . . . G. Landmark 4. . . . G. Landmark 4. . . .J. Jacobsen 8 L. Siewers 4 (?) . . .L. Siewers 4 A. Seippel 8 J. Jacobsen 4 L. Siewers 9 F. Schmidt 4 (?)... J. Jacobsen 4 L. Siewers 4 L. Siewers 4 (J. Jacobsen ) J. Bjarnason 4 Hebrew L. Larsen 2 (?).... L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 J. Jacobsen 3 History L. Larsen 4 (?).... L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 9 (Gen. and U. S.) L. Siewers 2 (?) C. Narvesen 2 .... A. Teisberg 2 T. Bothne 2 Latin G. Landmark 18.. .G. Landmark 18.. .G. Landmark 18.. .G. Landmark 18.. .G. Landmark 23 L. Larsen 12 (?) . . . J. Jacobsen 6 A. Seippel 17 J. Bjarnason 12 . . .L. Reque 6 (J. Jacobsen 6)(?)..L. Larsen 6 (L. Reque) T. Bothne 6 (N. Christensen ?) Librarian G. Landmark G. Landmark G. Landmark J. Jacobsen J. Jacobsen Logic & Rhetoric . , .F. Schmidt 1(?) . . . J. Jacobsen 1 J. Jacobsen 1 J. Jacobsen 1 J. Jacobsen 1 (J. Jacobsen) Mathematics K. Bergh 8 K. Bergh 8 C. Narvesen 18. . .A. Teisberg 13. . . .C. Narvesen 14 F. Schmidt (?) (L. Reque) (L. Reque) C. Narvesen 7 .... L. Reque 5 (J. Jacobsen) J. Jacobsen 4 Music (Singing) . . . . N. Brandt 4 N. Brandt 4 N. Brandt 4 N. Brandt 4 N. Brandt 4 Natural History . . . . L. Siewers 3 (?)... L. Siewers 3 C. Narvesen 3 .... L. Siewers 3 L. Siewers 2 Norwegian L. Larsen 2 (?).... L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 2 V. Koren 4 V. Koren 4 G. Landmark 4. . . . G. Landmark 2. . . . G. Landmark 2. . . . L. Siewers 8 (L. Larsen 2) L. Siewers 6 (?)... L. Siewers 8 L. Siewers 10 T. Bothne 10 (12) (N. Christensen ?) L. Siewers 5 Penmanship L. Siewers 2 (?)... L. Siewers 2 L. Siewers 2 L. Siewers 2 L. Siewers 2 G. Landmark 1 Physical Geography C. Narvesen 2 Religion F. Schmidt 10(?) . . J. Jacobsen 3 J. Jacobsen 3 J. Jacobsen 7 J. Jacobsen 3 . . . (Aug. Conf., Bible(J. Jacobsen 3)(?)..L. Larsen 6 L. Larsen 6 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 Ex„ Bible Hist.,(L. Larsen 6) (?) . . N. Brandt 6 N. Brandt 6 N. Brandt 4 T. Bothne 2 Catechism, For- N. Brandt 6 N. Brandt 8 mula of Concord, L. Reque 2 Greek Testament) DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, FOURTH FIVE YEARS, 1876-81 Department 1876-77 1877-78 1878-79 1879-80 1880-81 Catechetics H. Roalkvam 2 . . . H. Roalkvam 2. . . . H. Roalkvam 3 (Incl. Theory & Pr A. Veblen 1 of T'ch'g.) English J. Jacobsen 5 L. Reque 5 L. Reque 7 L. Reque 11 L. Reque 7 L. Reque 19 A. Bredesen 5 A. Veblen 20 A. Veblen 16 (G. Bothne ?) A. Bredesen 11 A. Veblen 18 A. Veblen 20 Geography C. Narvesen 7 .... C. Narvesen 4 . . . . C. Narvesen 4 .... C. Narvesen 4 .... C. Narvesen 5 German J. Jacobsen 2 A. Bredesen 8 J. Jacobsen 2 J. Jacobsen 3 J. Jacobsen 3 L. Siewers 7 L. Reque 3 A. Sander 4 O. Breda 2 (G. Bothne 3) L. Reque 2 L. Reque 2 O. Breda 2 T. Bothne 3 T. Bothne 7 T. Bothne 9 Greek J. Jacobsen 7 J. Jacobsen 16. . . .J. Jacobsen 16. . . .J. Jacobsen 18. . . .J. Jacobsen 12 L. Siewers 9 L. Reque 5 A. Sander 5 O. Breda 5 (G. Bothne 12) O. Breda 11 Hebrew J. Jacobsen 4 J. Jacobsen 4 A. Sander 4 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 History L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 7 L. Larsen 10 L. Larsen 8 L. Larsen 9 (11) (Gen.. U.S..Scand.).T. Bothne 5 T. Bothne 4 L. Reque 4 L. Reque 2 L. Reque 2 T. Bothne 3 O. Breda 3 O. Breda 3 T. Bothne 3 A. Veblen 3 T. Bothne 3 Latin L. Larsen 4 J. Jacobsen 6 J. Jacobsen 6 O. Breda 12 O. Breda 6 J. Jacobsen 6 L. Reque 12 L. Reque 12 L. Reque 12 L. Reque 18 L. Reque 6 A. Bredesen 6 A. Sander 12 T. Bochne 12 (L. Larsen ?) A. Bredesen 12 T. Bothne 6 T. Bothne 6 (G. Bothne ?) T. Bothne 5 A. Veblen 6 T. Bothne 12 Librarian J. Jacobsen J. Jacobsen J. Jacobsen J. Jacobsen J. Jacobsen 134 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, FOURTH FIVE YEARS, 1876-81 Department 1876-77 1877-78 1878-79 1879-89 1880-81 Logic J. Jacobsen 1 Mathematics C. Narvesen 18 . . . C. Narvesen 18. . .C. Narvesen 23 . . . C. Narvesen 19. . . C. Narvesen 19 L. Reque 2 ;A. Veblen 3 A. Veblen 7 A. Veblen 3 Music (Singing) . . . . N. Brandt 4 N. Brandt 3 N. Brandt 3 N. Brandt 3 N. Brandt 3 H. Roalkvam 4 Music (Band) A. L. Himle (H.B.Thorgrimsen) (O. Glas0e) (O. Glas0e) (H.B.Thorgrimsen) (O. Solheim) Natural History . . . . L. Siewers 2 C. Narvesen 2 C. Narvesen 3 Norwegian T. Bothne 15 T. Bothne 15 T. Bothne 13 T. Bothne 8 T. Bothne 9 L. Siewers 7 H. Roalkvam 4. . . . O. Breda 5 O. Breda 5 H. Roalkvam 8 H. Roalkvam 8 Penmanship L. Siewers 3 A. Veblen 2 A. Veblen 2 A. Veblen 2 A. Veblen 2 Physical Geography. C. Narvesen 2. . . .C. Narvesen 2 C. Narvesen 5. . . .C. Narvesen 2 Physician A. C. Smith A. C. Smith A. C. Smith A C. Smith A. C. Smith Physiology A. Veblen 1 A. Veblen 1 Religion J. Jacobsen 1 A. Bredesen 6. .... J. Jacobsen 2 J. Jacobsen 2 J. Jacobsen 2 (Bible Ex., BibleA. Bredesen 4 L. Larsen 6 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 Hist., Catechism, L. Larsen 8 N. Brandt 10 H. Roalkvam 15.. .H. Roalkvam 18.. .H. Roalkvam 16 Formula of Con-N. Brandt 12 cord, Greek Test.) DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, FIFTH FIVE YEARS, 1881-86 Department 1881-82 1882-83 1883-84 1884-85 1885-86 Chemistry C. Narvesen (?). . .O.Ramstad3(2Sem) Didactics H. Roalkvam 4 H. Roalkvam 4.. . . H. Roalkvam 4. . . . H. Roalkvam 4 (H.Hustvedt,Dec.) English G. Evensen 26 .... L. Reque 3 L. Reque 6 L. Reque 8 L. Reque 6 G. Bothne 2 C. Nseseth 17 C. Naeseth 19 G. Bothne 7 C. Naeseth 19(16) (G. Rygh 17) O. Ramstad 11 Geography H. Roalkvam 2.. . .C. Narvesen 5 . . . .C. Narvesen 8. . . .H. Roalkvam 3.. . .O. Ramstad 8 C. Narvesen 5 (O. Ramstad) O. Ramstad 5 (J. Tingelstad) German T. Homme 7 E. Petersen 11 ... .E. Petersen 11. . . .E. Petersen 7 E. Petersen 13 (E. Petersen) R. Olsen 2 T. Bothne 7 R. Monrad 3 Greek G. Bothne 11 G. Bothne 18 R. Olsen 18 R. Olsen 12 G. Bothne 17 O. Breda 11 C. Naeseth 5 G. Bothne 5 (G. Rygh 5) Hebrew L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 History L. Larsen 9 G. Bothne 3 R. Olsen 3 L. Larsen 6 L. Larsen 6 G. Evenson 2 L. Larsen 6 L. Larsen 6 R. Monrad 4 R. Monrad 4 (7) O. Breda 3 H. Roalkvam 9 L. Reque 6 L. Reque 4 L. Reque 4 T. Homme 3 L. Reque 2 R. Monrad 6 R. Olsen 3 G. Bothne 3 H. Roalkvam 2 . . . H. Roalkvam 2 H. Roalkvam 2 (H.Hustvedt.Dec.) Latin O. Breda 6 L. Reque 18 L. Reque 6 L. Reque 6 L. Reque 12 G. Bothne 6 E. Petersen 11 ... .R. Monrad 12 R. Monrad 12 R. Monrad 12 T. Homme 12 H. Roalkvam 5 E. Petersen 10 E. Petersen 11 E. Petersen 6 T. Bothne 11 Librarian O. Breda H. Roalkvam H. Roalkvam H. Roalkvam H. Roalkvam (E. Petersen) Mathematics C. Narvesen 19. . .C. Narvesen 21. . .C. Narvesen 10. . .O. Ramstad 3 O. Ramstad 14 G. Bothne 7 (O. Ramstad) G. Bothne 12 (J. Tingelstad) C. Nseseth 3 L. Reque 6 G. Bothne 4 L. Reque 6 C. Nffiseth 4 Music (Singing) O. Solheim 8 (H. Hanson 8) (J. Tingelstad 7).. . (J. Tingelstad 6).. . (C. Sperati 8) Music (Band) O. Solheim (O. Glas0e) (E. Krohn) (E. Krohn) (L. A. Larsen) (E. Krohn) Norwegian O. Breda 5 L. Larsen 2 R. Olsen 4 R. Olsen 8 G. Bothne 2 T. Bothne 11 G. Bothne 4 R. Monrad 6 R. Monrad 6 R. Monrad 9 (6) H. Roalkvam 5 H. Roalkvam 9.. . .H. Roalkvam 7.. . .H. Roalkvam 4.. . .H. Roalkvam 7 (H.Hustvedt.Dec.) (J. J0rgenson 4) Penmanship C. Valder 3 C. Valder 3 C. Valder 3 C. Valder 3 C. Valder 3 Physical Geography C. Narvesen 4. . . .O.Ramstad3(lSem)L. Reque 2 (O. Ramstad) Physician A. C. Smith A. C. Smith A. C. Smith A. C. Smith A. C. Smith Physics O.Ramstad3(2Sem)O.Ramstad3(lSem) Religion L. Larsen 6 C. Naseth 2 C. Naeseth 2 E. Petersen 6 C. Naseth 2 (Aug. Conf., BibleT. Homme 3 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 2 Ex., Bible Hist.,H. Roalkvam 15.. .E. Petersen 4 H. Roalkvam 12.. .H. Roalkvam 12.. .H. Roalkvam 12 Catech., Gk. Test.) H. Roalkvam 3.. . . (H. Hustvedt,Dec) E. Petersen 6 (7) E. Petersen 4 Stenography (Elec.) E. Petersen Zoology C. Narvesen 3 C. Narvesen 3. . . .O.Ramstad3(lSem)J. Tingelstad 3 (Natural History) (2 Sem.) (O. Ramstad) FACULTY 133 DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, SIXTH FIVE YEARS, 1886-91 Department 1886-87 1887-88 1888-89 1889-90 1890-91 Chemistry H. Sheel 3 Drawing H. Gausta Education(Hist. of) G. Bothne 1 (Sp.) English L. Reque 6 L. Reqiie 6 L. Reque 3 L. Reque 3 . ...... L. Reque 3 C. Nseseth 16 C. Nseseth 16 C. Naeseth 15 C. Naeseth 19 C. Naseth 16 O.Ramstad4(lSem) W.Koren 4(2Sem.) Geography J.Tingelstad 7(8) . .O. Ramstad 9 O. Ramstad 10 A. EstremS(i yr.)..W. Sihier 5(F.W.) H. Sheel 6 (?) German E. Petersen 10 R. Monrad 3 J. Halland 13 W. Koren 13 W. Koren 9 (14) (H. Hustvedt) J. Halland 10 R. Monrad 2 Greek G. Bothne 17 G. Bothne 17 G. Bothne 21 (16). G. Bothne 10 (9). .G. Bothne 10 W.Koren5(2Sem)..W. Koren 11 W. Koren 11 Gymnastics '. J. Halland 4 W. Sihier 8 (?) Helbrew L. Larsen 4 (3) .... L. Larsen 3 (4) . . . . L. Larsen 4(W,S) . .L. Larsen 4 History L. Larsen 11 L. Larsen 7 L. Larsen 7 L. Larsen 11 (7). . .G. Bothne 3 (5) (Gen., U. S.. Scand.,R. Monrad 3 C. Naeseth 3 J. Halland 3 A. Estrem 6 (U) . .L. Larsen 7 Engl.) L. Reque 5 J. Halland 3 (4). . .L. Reque 3 L. Reque 3 L. Reque 5 L. Reque 3 W.Sihler 5(W,Sp.) R. Monrad 5 H. Krog 5 (Sp.) Latin L. Reque 12 L. Reque 12 L. Reque 18 L. Reque 17 L. Reque 17 R. Monrad 12 R. Monrad 12 J. Halland 6 A. Estrem 12 H. Krog 10 (5) E. Petersen 5 (6) . .J. Halland 6 H. Hanson 6(lSm) W.Sihler 5(2Sem.) (H. Hustvedt) W.Koren 6(2 Sem) Librarian E. Petersen C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth Mathematics G. Bothne 2 G. Bothne 4 O. Ramstad 10 H. Sheel 13 H. Sheel 18 J. Tingelstad 17.. .O. Ramstad 13 G.Bothne 4(2Sem) .G. Bothne 4 G. Bothne 4 C. Naeseth 3 H. Hanson 10 H. Hanson 5 Music (Vocal (C. Sperati 8) (C. Sperati 9) H. Hanson 10 (?)..H. Hanson 14 (?)..W. Sihier 6 (8) Music (Band) (J. Linnevold) (J. Linnevold) (J. Linnevold) (J. Linnevold) (A. O. Johnson) Norwegian G. Bothne 6 G. Bothne 5 G. Bothne 8 G. Bothne 11 G. Bothne 6 R. Monrad 9 R. Monrad 6 L. Larsen 3 C. Naeseth 3 H. Krog 15 (8) C. Nffiseth 4 C. Naeseth 2 C. Naeseth 7 H. Hanson 4 (L. Larsen 3) L. Reque 4 Old Norse G. Bothne 3 (F). 1 (W) Penmanship C. Valder 3 C. Valder 3 C. Valder 3 C. Valder 3 G. Haugen 2 W.Sihler 3 (1)(?) Physical Geography. L. Reque 2 O. Ramstad 2 L. Reque 2 L. Reque 2 W. Sihier 5 (F) Physician A. C. Smith A. C. Smith A. C. Smith A. C. Smith A. C. Smith Physics J. Tingelstad 3 O. Ramstad 3 (1 O. Ramstad 3 (1 (1 Sem.) Sem.) Sem.) H. Sheel 3 (F, W) . H. Sheel 5 (F, W) Physiology O. Ramstad 3 H. Sheel 3 (F, W) .H. Sheel 5 (Sp.) W.Koren3(2Sem.) Religion C. Nffiseth 2 C. Naeseth 4 C. Naeseth 4 C. Naeseth 2 C. Naeseth 2 (Aug. Conf., Bible, L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 5 L. Larsen 5 L. Larsen 7 L. Larsen 4 Catech.,Gk. Test.)E. Petersen 10. . . .J. Halland 5 J. Halland 3 J.Th.Ylvisaker 3.H. Krog 6 (H. Hustvedt) W. Koren 2(2Sem.) W. Sihier 1 J.Ylvisaker 1 (F) Zoology J. Tingelstad 3 O. Ramstad 3 (2 (2 Sem.) Sem.) H. Sheel 6 (Sp.). . .W.Sihler 5 (Sp.) DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, SEVENTH FIVE YEARS, 1891-96 Department 1891-92 1892-93 1893-94 1894-95 1895-96 Chemistry H. Sheel 3 (Sp.). . .H. Sheel 4 (Sp.). . .H. Sheel 4(2 Sem.).H. Sheel 4(2 Sem.).H. Sheel 4(2 Sem.). Drawing J. Xavier J. Xavier (?) . Economics J.Granrud3 (W,Sp) Education (Hist.) G. Bothne 1 (Sp.) . G. Bothne 1 (Sp.) G. Bothne 2 (Sp.) Elocution W. Koren (Sp.) English L. Reque 3 (?) L. Reque 4 J. Ness 4 C. Naeseth 7 C. Naeseth 8 C. Naeseth 11 C. Naeseth 6 C. Naeseth 6 G. Markhus 15(14)G.Markhus6(12,18) W. Sihier 5 G. Markhus 12 G. Markhus 12(11) (M. Waller) Anglo-Saxon C. Naeseth 3 C. Naeseth 3 (2) French H. Krog 3(F, W) Geography W. Sihier 10 (5)...G. Bothne 5 (Sp.).G. Markhus5(F,W)G. Bothne 9 (Sp.).G. Markhus 11(F) G.Markhus5(F,W) G.Markhus5(F,W) German W. Koren 9 W. Sihier 9 (10)... W. Sihier 10 W. Sihier 15 (10).. W. Sihier 11(10,7) G.Bothne5(F,W)..G. Bothne 5 (F,W) .C. Naeseth 5 (F,W) G. Bothne 5 (F,W) Greek G. Bothne 10 (9) . . G. Bothne 10 (9) . . G. Bothne 10 (9) . . G. Bothne 10 (4) . . G. Bothne 9 W. Koren 11 W. Sihier 11 W. Sihier 11 W. Sihier 11 (16).. W. Sihier 10 Gymnastics W. Sihier 2 W. Sihier 4 (W) . . . (S. OrwoU) (S. OrwoU) (S. T. Normann) Hebrew L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 136 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, SEVENTH FIVE YEARS, 1891-96 Department 1891-92 1892-93 1893-94 1894-95 1895-96 History C. Naseth 3 C. Naeseth 3 L. Larsen 9 C. Naeseth 3 C. Naseth 3 (Gen., Eng., Scand.,L. Larsen 7 L. Larsen 8 C. Naeseth 6 L. Larsen 5 (8) L. Larsen 8 U. S. and Civics) G.BothneUW.Sp.) G. Markhus 5 (6)..G. Bothne 4 (| yr.)G. Bothne4 (F,W).G. Markhus 5 W. Koren 3 G. Markhus 5 (6). J. Granrud 3(F;. . . H. Krog 5 (Sp.) W.Sihler 5(W,Sp.) G. Markhus 5 (6) H. Krog 5 (F) Latin L. Reque 21 L. Reque 21 J. Ness 21 J. Granrud 22 (17).J. Granrud 25 H. Krog 5 (10).... H. Krog 6 (12).... H. Krog 6 (12).... H. Krog 6 (12).... H. Krog 6(W,Sp.) (O. Sarvold) Librarian C. Naseth C. Naeseth C. Naseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth Matliematics H. Sheel 22(17, 5) . H. Sheel 19 (10)... H. Sheel 19 (10)... H. Sheel 19 (14)... H. Sheel 19 (14) G. Bothne 5 (4) . . . G. Bothne 5 (W) . . (O. Omlie) (S. Hagen) (O. Str0m) (C. Hovde) (O. Omlie) (S. Hagen) (B. Saevre) (I. Anderson) (O. Omlie) (O. Str0m) (?) Music (Vocal) W. Sihler 6 (?) W. Sihler 4 W. Sihler 2 (W).. . H. Hanson 14 (?)..H. Hanson 14 (?) Music (Band) (H. Tjernagel) . . . . (H. Tjernagel) . . . . (O. Omlie) H. Hanson H. Hanson (LA. Thorson) ... (I. A. Thorson) Norwegian G. Bothne 8 G. Bothne 5 G. Bothne 8 G. Bothne 8 G. Bothne 8 (Incl. Old Norse) L. Larsen 3 (F)....L. Larsen 3 G.Bothne 4(O.N.) . H. Krog 12 (5)....H. Krog 12 (6) H. Krog 10 (5)... .H. Krog 12 (6)....H. Krog 12 (6) Penmanship W. Sihler 2 (F,W). .W. Sihler 2 (H. Reque) (J. Peterson) (J. Peterson) (H. Reque 2) Physical Geography. H. Sheel 5 (Sp.) . . . H. Sheel 5 (Sp.) H. Sheel 5 (Sp.) Physician A. C. Smith A. C. Smith A. C. Smith A. C. Smith A. C. Smith Physics H.Sheel 5(W,Sp.) . . H. Sheel 5(F,W). . . H. Sheel 5(F, W) . . H. Sheel 5(F, W) . . H. Sheel 5 Physiology H. Sheel 5 (Sp.) . . . H. Sheel 5 (Sp.) . . . H. Sheel 5 (Sp.) . . . H. Sheel 5 (Sp.) . . . H. Sheel 5 (Sp.) (G. Markhus) W. Sihler 5 (W) Religion C. Naeseth 2 C. Naeseth 2 W. Sihler 2 C. Naeseth 2 C. Naeseth 2 (Aug. Conf., Bible, L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 2 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 L. Larsen 4 Catech., (Exp.), Gk.H. Krog 6 H. Krog 6 H. Krog 8 H. Krog 8 G. Markhus 3 (W) Test.) W. Sihler 1 G. Markhus 1 G. Markhus 1 G. Markhus 1 H. Krog 8 E. Hove 2 E. Hove 2 Zoology W. Sihler 5 (Sp.) . . W. Sihler 5 (Sp.) . . G. Markhus 5 (Sp.)G. Markhus 5 (Sp.) W. Sihler 5 (Sp.) DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, EIGHTH FIVE YEARS, 1896-1901 Department 1896-97 1897-98 1898-99 1899-1900 1900-1901 Chemistry H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel Education (Hist.) G. Bothne (?) G. Bothne (?) G. Bothne (?) G. Bothne (?) Elocution G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus English C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naseth C. Naseth C. Naseth G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus B. Saevre French L. Reque (?) L. Reque (?) L. Reque (?) Geography G. Markhus W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus B. Saevre German W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler Greek G. Bothne G. Bothne G. Bothne G. Bothne G. Bothne W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler Gymnastics (S. T. Nermann) . . (N. B. Hanson) . . .Z. Ordal (O. O. Larson) B. Saevre (J. O. Dreng) (J. O. Dreng ?).... (J. O. Dreng) Hebrew L. Larsen L. Larsen L. Larsen L. Larsen L. Larsen History: Engl C. Na;seth C. Naeseth C. Naseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth Gen L. Larsen L. Larsen L. Larsen L. Larsen L. Larsen Scand G. Bothne (?) G. Bothne (?) G. Bothne (?) G. Bothne (?) G. Bothne (?) U. S G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus Gen K. Kvamme C. K. Preus B. Saevre Latin J. Granrud L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque K. Kvamme K. Kvamme Z. Ordal L. Larsen B. Saevre C. K. Preus (A. O. White) Librarian C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth Mathematics H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel (O. Turmo) (H. Nermann) B. Saevre Music(Voc. & Inst.) . H. Hanson H. Hanson H. Hanson H. Hanson H. Hanson Norwegian G. Bothne G. Bothne G. Bothne G. Bothne G. Bothne (Incl. Old Norse) K. Kvamme K. Kvamme C. K. Preus C. K. Preus C. K. Preus Z. J. Ordal Penmanship (J. Peterson) (J. Peterson) (N. B. Hanson) . . . (H. Nermann) .... (J. Skinnemoen) Physician A. C. Smith A. C. Smith A. C. Smith A. C. Smith A. C. Smith Physics (& Ph. G.)..H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel Physiology W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler Religion C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naseth C. Naeseth (Aug. Conf., Bible,L. Larsen L. Larsen H. G. Stub H. G. Stub C. K. Preus FACULTY 137 DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, EIGHTH FIVE YEARS, 1896-01 Department 1896-97 1897-98 1898-99 1899-1900 190C Bible Hist., Cate-G. Markhus (?) . . .G. Markhus (?) . . .L. Larsen L. Larsen G. Markhus chism, Gk. Test.,K. Kvamme K. Kvamme G. Markhus G. Markhus O. T. Introd.) C. K. Preus C. K. Preus Zoology W. Sihler DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, NINTH FIVE YEARS, 1901-06 Department 1901-02 1902-03 1903-04 1904-05 1905-06 Chemistry H. Sheel , H. Sheel H. Sheel Drawing W. Sihler Education G. Bothne G. Bothne G. Bothne K. Gjerset K. Gjerset (?) Elocution G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus English C. Naeseth C. Naseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth O. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus K. Gjerset (?) K. Gjerset (?) French L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque Geography W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler O. L. Olson K. Jacobsen German W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler Greek G. Bothne G. Bothne G. Bothne W. Sihler G. Bothne W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler K. Jacobsen W. Sihler Gymnastics O. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson (?) (?) W. Sihler (?) (?) Hebrew L. Larsen L. Larsen L. Larsen L. Larsen L. Larsen (K. Jacobsen) History L. Larsen K. Gjerset K. Gjerset K. Gjerset K. Gjerset C. Nseseth C. Naeseth G. Bothne G. Markhus G. Bothne (?) G. Bothne G. Bothne G. Markhus K. Jacobsen G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus C. K. Preus Latin L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque 0. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson Librarian C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth Mathematics H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel Music (Vocal) H. Hanson H. Hanson H. Hanson C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati Music (Band) H. Hanson H. Hanson H. Hanson C. A. Sperati (W. Coup) C. A. Sperati (T. M. Drotning) , Norwegian G. Bothne G. Bothne G. Bothne L. Larsen G. Bothne C. K. Preus K. Gjerset (?) K. Gjerset (?) T. Nilsson K. Gjerset K. Jacobsen M. Bleken Oratoricals O. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson Penmanship O. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson (?) Physician A. C. Smith A. C. Smith A. C. Smith A. C. Smith Carsten Smith Physics (& Ph. G.) . . H. W. Sheel H. W. Sheel H. W. Sheel H. W. Sheel H. W. Sheel Religion C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Najseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth Aug. Conf., Bible, C. K. Preus C. K. Preus C. K. Preus C. K. Preus C. K. Preus Catechism, BibleG. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus G. Markhus Hist., Gk. Test.) I. Torrison I. Torrison I. Torrison C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati I. Torrison DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, TENTH FIVE YEARS, 1906-11 Department 1906-07 1907-08 1908-09 1909-10 1910-11 Chemistry H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel (C. Fjeldstad) Christianity C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth (Religion) C. K. Preus C. K. Preus A. Rovelstad A. Rovelstad O. Tingelstad Aug. Conf., Bible, M. Bleken M. Bleken M. Bleken O. Tingelstad S. Ylvisaker Catech., Ch. Hist.,C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati C. K. Preus C. K. Preus C. K. Preus Gk. Test., Life of I. Torrison I. Torrison C. A. Sperati M. Bleken C. Sperati Christ) I. Torrison C. A. Sperati I. Torrison I. Torrison Civics S. Reque S. Reque W. Naeseth (?).... O. Tingelstad O. Ti ngelstad Drawing W. Sihler W. Sihler C. P. Hexom Education K. Gjerset (?) K. Gjerset (?) O. Tingelstad Elocution I. Lyngaas (?) English C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naseth O. L. Olson O. L. Olson (Incl. Old Eng.) O. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson T. E. Thompson. .. T. E. Thompson 1. Lyngaas S. Reque T. E. Thompson S. Reque W. Naeseth French L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque 138 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, TENTH FIVE YEARS, 1906-11 Department 1906-07 1907-08 1908-09 1909-10 1910-11 German W. Sihler W. Sihier W. Sihler W. Sihier W. Sihler Greek G. Bothne A. Rovelstad A. Rovelstad A. Rovelstad W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler A. Rovelstad Gymnastics I. Lyngaas O. Boe O. Boe. B. Svan0e B. Svan0e (Coach) S. Reque S. Reque S. Reque Hebrew L. Larsen L. Larsen L. Larsen L. Larsen L. Larsen S. Ylvisaker History K. Gjerset K. Gjerset K. Gjerset O. L. Olson K. Gjerset G. Bothne (?) S. Reque W. Naeseth B. Svan0e .-. . . B. Svan0e S. Reque (P. Iverson) O. Tingelstad Latin L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque A. Rovelstad 0. L. Olson A. Rovelstad A. Rovelstad A. Rovelstad L. Reque 1. Lyngaas O. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson O. L. Olson W. Naseth O. Tingelstad T. E. Thompson T. E. Thompson.. .T. E. Thompson. .. O. Tingelstad Librarian C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth W. Naeseth , Mathematics H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel M. Orwoll (P. Iverson) (P. Iverson) (C. Fjeldstad) S. Reque O. Tingelstad Music(Voc. & Inst.).C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati Norwegian G. Bothne K. Gjerset K. Gjerset B. Svan0e K. Gjerset (Incl. Old Norse) K. Gjerset M. Bleken M. Bleken M. Bleken B. Svan^e M. Bleken Physician T. Stabo T. Stabo T. Stabo T. Stabo T. Stabo Physics H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel (C. Fjeldstad) Psychology K. Gjerset L. Reque L. Reque (?) O. Tingelstad DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, ELEVENTH FIVE YEARS, 1911-16 Department 1911-12 1912-13 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 Biology H. HiUeboe H. Hilleboe H. HiUeboe H. Hilleboe Chemistry C. Fjeldstad H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel H. Sheel C. Birkelo Christianity S. Ylvisaker S. Ylvisaker S. Ylvisaker S. Ylvisaker S. Ylvisaker (Aug. Conf., GreekC. K. Preus C. K. Preus C. K. Preus C. K. Preus C. K. Preus Test., Catechism.O. Tingelstad C. A. Sperati O. Tingelstad O. Tingelstad O. Tingelstad Life of Christ, N. Madson C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati Bible. Ch. Hist.) C. A. Sperati College Pastor. ... I. Torrison I. Torrison I. Torrison I. Torrison I. Torrison Civics C. Wollan H. Hilleboe (?) M. Mikkelson M. Mikkelson M. Mikkelson Commercial Sub H. Hilleboe H. Hilleboe H. Hilleboe Education O. Tingelstad H. Hilleboe O. Tingelstad O. Tingelstad O. Tingelstad (Incl. Philosophy) H. Hilleboe H. Hilleboe H. Hilleboe English O. L. Olson O. L. Olson T. E. Thompson. .. O. L. Olson O. L. Olson T. E. Thompson.. .T. E. Thompson.. .H. Hilleboe T. E. Thompson.. .T. E. Thompson M. Mikkelson H. Hilleboe H. Hilleboe L. Reque (?) French L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque German W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler W. Sihler Greek S. Ylvisaker S. Ylvisaker S. Ylvisaker S. Ylvisaker S. Ylvisaker W. Sihler W. Sihler Hebrew S. Ylvisaker S. Ylvisaker S. Ylvisaker S. Ylvisaker S. Ylvisaker History K. Gjerset K. Gjerset K. Gjerset K. Gjerset K. Gjerset N. Madson S. Ylvisaker W. Sihler W. Sihler E. Peterson S. Ylvisaker W. Sihler M. Mikkelson M. Mikkelson W. Sihler C. Wollan M. Mikkelson Latin A. Rovelstad A. Rovelstad A. Rovelstad L. Reque A. Rovelstad L. Reque L. Reque L. Reque E. Peterson L. Reque. O. L. Olson O. L. Olson C. Tyssen O. L. Olson O. L. Olson N. Madson E. Peterson E. Peterson B. Ssevre E. Peterson T. E. Thompson. . . B. Saevre B. Saevre B. Saevre O. Tingelstad Librarian C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth Mathematics C. Fjeldstad B. Saevre B. Saevre B. Saevre B. Saevre C. Birkelo H. Sheel H. Sheel O. Overn H. Sheel C. Wollan O. Overn O. Overn M. Mikkelson O. Overn M. Mikkelson Music(Voc. & Inst.) .C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati Norwegian K. Gjerset K. Gjerset K. Gjerset K. Gjerset K. Gjerset (A. Buedall) (L. Kjer) H. Hilleboe H. Hilleboe C. K. Preus N. Madson C. K. Preus M. Mikkelson M. Mikkelson M. Mikkelson Penmanship H. Hilleboe (A. Sanden) H. Hilleboe (?) (H. Twito) Physician T. Stabo T. Stabo T. Stabo T. Stabo T. Stabo FACULTY 139 SaT P ^^ _ FACUL' Nelson, T. J;ico M H. I ittreim M. Ro . Sihlcr, wh'^^.^^^ J ¥ S • Xj i2 R COL Doseflf, . A. Mc 1. W. Q K Tingels K. Gje; H .JO re^' 3i|l do «?^ • ••J ^^s o as c o 3*^73 140 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD. ELEVENTH FIVE YEARS, 1915-16 Department 1911-12 1912-13 1913-14 1914-15 1915-15 Nurse O- Peterson Physics ... . . . . . . .C. Fjeldstad O. Overn O. Overn O. Overn O. Overn C. Birkelo Psychology O. Tingelstad H. Hilleboe O. Tingelstad O. Tingelstad O. Tingelstad DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, TWELFTH FIVE YEARS, 1916-21 Department 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 1920-21 Accounting (Mil.) K. Eittreim 3 .. Biology H. Hilleboe 4 O. Nelson 10 M. Trytten 5 M. Larsen 6 Chemistry";" . . . H. Sheel 18 H. Sheel 18 H. Sheel 12 H. Sheel 17 H. Sheel 17 Christianity S. Ylvisaker 2 S. Ylvisaker 2 S. Ylvisaker 2 O. Norlie 4 O. Norlie 2 (Greek Test., Aug.C. K. Preus 9 C. K. Preus 9 C. K. Preus 9 C. K. Preus 9 C. K. Preus 9 Conf., Catechism, N. Madson 4 N. Madson 4 K. Eittreim 4 K. Eittreim 2 K. Eittreim 4 Bible Int., BibleC. A. Sperati 2 C. A. Sperati 2 C. A. Sperati 2 C. A. Sperati 2 C. A. Sperati 2 History, Life of Christ, Ch. Hist.) ^ „ Citizenship M. Mikkelson 4 . . . M. Trytten 4 K. Eittreim 5 S. Reque 5 S. Reque 5 (G. Ulvilden) Commercial Sub K. Eittreim 20 .... K. Eittreim 25 .... K. Eittreim 25 S. Reque 5 Drawing O. Nelson 2 . Economics H. Hilleboe 3 K. Gjerset 3 K. Gjerset 3 K. Gjerset 3 Education . . .O. Tingelstad 9 O. Tingelstad 12.. .O. Tingelstad 11.. .O. Tingelstad 15.. .O. Tingelstad 12 E. Peterson 1 O. Norlie 3 O. Norlie 3 English 6. L. Olson 11 . . . O. L. Olson 11 . . ..O. L. Olson 16. . . .O. L. Olson 16. . . .O. L. Olson 16 T. E. Thompson 20T. E. Thompson 20H. Swansen 20. ... H. Swansen 10 S. Reque 15 H. Hilleboe 3 N. Madson 2 K. Eittreim 5 S. Reque 15 C. Evanson 5 M. Trytten 1 T. Vaaler 5 French O. Tingelstad 4. . . . W. Sihler 4 W. Sihler 8 S. Reque 4 S. Reque 4 General Science M. Trytten 4 H. Sheel 3 C. Evanson 5 M. Larsen 5 Geography M. Mikkelson 4 O. Overn 3 C. Evanson 3 M. Larsen 3 War Geog . . A. Rovelstad 3 German W. Sihler 18 W. Sihler 18 W. Sihler 15 W. Sihler 20 W. Sihler 14 (11) T. Vaaler 10 Greek S. Ylvisaker 14 S. Ylvisaker 12....S. Ylvisaker 14.... W. Sihler 3 W. Sihler 3 (7) (C. Strom 6) C. Strom 14 O. Qualley 4 C. Strom 12 (8) Hebrew S. Ylvisaker 4 S. Ylvisaker 3.5. . .S. Ylvisaker 3 O. Norlie 3 O. Norlie 3 History N. Madson K. Gjerset 8 K. Gjerset 9 K. Gjerset 9 K. Gjerset 9 O. L. Olson N. Madson 8 O. L. Olson 5 A. Rovelstad 2 B. Hovde 6 W. Sihler O. Qualley 4 O. L. Olson 5 C. Evanson 9 M. Mikkelson (O. Tingelstad).. . C. Evanson 4 Hygiene & San O. Nelson 3 Latin A. Rovelstad 18. . A. Rovelstad 18. . .A. Rovelstad 19. . .A. Rovelstad 17. . .A. Rovelstad 18 O. L. Olson 6 O. L. Olson 6 E. Peterson 20 .... E. Peterson 2 1 .... E. Peterson 20 E. Peterson 25 E. Peterson 25 O. Qualley 10 O. Qualley 10 O. Tingelstad 6. . . .O. Tingelstad 6 ;;;;;;;;.;; l. a. moc 5 Librarian C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth C. Naeseth K. Jacobsen Assistant E. Peterson E. Peterson E. Peterson E. Peterson E. Peterson Mathematics B. Savre 14 B. Ssevre 21 O. Overn 5 C. Strom 3 C. Strom 6 (9) O. Overn 4 M. Trytten 5 H. Sheel 3 H. Sheel 3 O. Eittreim 8 M. Mikkelson 5. . . (G. Ulvilden) J. Waage 9 O. Qualley 15 O. Qualley 5 (O. Qualley) C. Evanson 5 M. Larsen 5 O. Nelson 10 L. A. Moe 5 C. Evanson 5 MiHtary Drill O. Overn 2 N. Madson 2 Lt. H. Fi.sher Lt. H. Fisher 3 (Mil. Science and Lt. A. Grundy B. Hovde Tactics) Sgt. R. Nelson . . . . C. Strom S. Ylvisaker O. Overn H. Swansen • Military Law S. Ylvisaker 2 Music(Voc. & Inst.).C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati C. A. Sperati Norwegian C. K. Preus K. Gjerset 8 K. Gjerset 4 K. Gjerset 6 K. Gjerset 6 B. Hovde R. Malmin 13 J. Waage 10 B. Hovde 17 B. Hovde 4 M. Mikkelson (C. K. Preus) (C. K. Preus) T. Vaaler 10 (O. Qualley) A. Natvig 5 Pastors, College. ... I. Torrison I. Torrison I. Torrison I. Torrison I. Torrison O. Glesne O. Glesne O. Glesne O. Glesne Penmanship K. Eittreim 3 K. Eittreim 2 K. Eittreim 2 Philosophy O. Tingelstad 3.. . O. Tingelstad 3 O. Tingelstad 3.. . .O. Tingelstad 3 Physician T. Stabo T. Stabo T. Stabo T. Stabo T. Stabo Nurse O. Peterson T. Arneson T. Arneson T. Arneson T. Arneson FACULTY 141 DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEACHING LOAD, TWELFTH FIVE YEARS, 1916-21 Department 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 1920-21 .M. Trytten 15. . . .O. Eittreim 15 Physics O. Overn 13 M. Trytten 13. . . .O. O/ern 13. (Incl. Radio) (H. Sheel) Physiology H. Hilleboe 4 M. Trytten 5 O. Nelson 5 C. Evanson 5 M. Larsen 5 (H. Sheel) .- Psychology O. Tingelstad 3....0. Tingelstad 3.. O. Tingelstad 3 O. Norlie 6 O. Norlie 6 Public Speaking O. L. Olson 3 O. L. Olson 3 O. L. Olson 3 Sociology H. Hilleboe 3 O. Norlie 3 O. Norlie 3 Surveying H. Sheel 5 H. Sheel 5 H. Sheel 5 Training, Physical R. Movold Football (Lt. H. Fisher) W. Jewell O. Solem Basketball A. Natvig R. Movold Baseball A. Laudel A. Laudel A. Laudel War Aims K. Gjerset 3 CLASS ROOM NO. 12 CHAPTER SIX SCHOOL PLANT Francis E. Peterson LUTHER College started as a pioneer institution; hence in a small way and with meager equipment. Even after sixty years it cannot boast an expensive school plant, as school plants are reckoned at the present time. While an effort has always been made to provide all eqxlipment necessary for educational efficiency, the real success of the school has not been considered directly dependent upon mere material equipment. But that Lu- ther College has qualified for membership in the North Central Association of Colleges indicates that that high educational author- ity recognizes that Luther College is a standard American col- lege in physical equipment as well as in other respects. On September 1, 1861, Luther College began its first school year in temporary quarters, the Halfway Creek Parsonage, about thirteen miles north of La Crosse, Wisconsin. The following is in part Prof. Laur. Larsen's description of it: "Downstairs there is a large kitchen which serves also as a dining-room; then, too, a pantry, a small room for the kitchen help, a double room, a larger room in which six students sleep, and a smaller bed-room for two. The last two rooms are used also for studying and for class-rooms. Three students sleep in a room upstairs which is supposed to be Prof. Larsen's office. There are four other rooms upstairs; in one of them a stove cannot be used, hence it is made to serve as a clothes closet for the entire household, and is thus packed with clothes. Prof. Larsen has only one room for him- self and family; Prof. Schmidt and family have two rooms, but they are so arranged that they cannot be divided off. If more students come, they will either have to sleep in the clothes room, or in one of Prof. Schmidt's rooms; and while he would gladly consent to this, it would be very crowded for him. It is doubt- ful whether students can secure rooms at any of the neighbors. Two prospective students have applied, and while they could not very well be refused admittance, still they were told how crowded it already is for the eleven who are now here, and the hope was expressed that they would not register until next year." School was conducted here only one year, 1861-62; the parsonage burned in 1865. SCHOOL PLANT 143 The second school year opened September 8, 1862, in Decorah, Iowa, again in temporary quarters, a building bought by Rev. V. Koren for $1,600.00 from Nathaniel Otis, which is now the St. Cloud Hotel. It is described as follows: "In the basement were the kitchen, the dining-hall, and the apartments for the matron and her maids. On the first floor were the president's apartments, and one class-room. The second floor contained a small office- room, two recitation-rooms, and two small bed-rooms, and in the top story there was a large sleeping-apartment with room for twenty-five beds." This, with school furnishings which were none too adequate, comprised the entire plant. A residence in West Decorah costing $950.00 was bought for Prof. Schmidt. This is the so-called Griswold house; it has been much remodeled and has always been some professor's home. Prof. Chr. A. Naeseth lived there for many years. In June, 1862, Rev. V. Koren bought from Joseph Gibbons a thirty-two acre tract of land in West Decorah for $1,500.00. This is the original campus where Luther College now stands. Until the first building could be erected; school was conducted in the Otis Building during 1862-65. In 1863 a building was erected right west of this Otis Building at a cost of $1,400.63 ; it was ready for occupancy at New Year, 1864. Besides equipment for regular school work, the boys had a few pieces of gymnastic apparatus out in the open just north of the buildings. Work on the first main building was begun in 1862. But for many reasons work was delayed. The corner-stone was laid June 30, 1864, and possession taken at Christmas-time, 1865. The es- timated cost was $28,000.00; but when completed the building with several smaller buildings had cost $75,576.23. The building was of red brick and was "126 feet long; the main section 52 feet wide, and the wing 44. There is a basement 10 feet high, three main stories, 14, 13, and 12 feet, respectively; and while the third floor in the wing is 16 feet high with no attic above it, there is an 'attic story' 10 feet high in the main section with a large garret above. In the basement there are, besides a cellar, two kitchens for the boarding department, a dining-room with accommodations for 100, an apartment for the steward's family and kitchen help, and also two lavatories for students. Water is pumped from a cistern outside, and drained into a sewer. On the first floor are apartments for three professors — two with families — and a large reading-room. On the second floor there are eight class-rooms, and one guest-room for each of the two professors' families. On the third floor are four bed-rooms for thirty students, two hospital 144 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS rooms, two reading-rooms, and, occupying the entire wing is a chapel which is also used for church services. Then in the so- called 'attic story* are four large bed-rooms for fifty-five students. On the second and third floors at the front in the main section are two rooms partitioned off, one of which might be used as a library, the other as a class-room. By utilizing all available space, the building will comfortably accommodate 100 students, together with the professors who live there; and, if only the president lives in the building, it will room 120. The rooms are light and airy, and also warm." There were wood stoves and kerosene lamps. The wing referred to here was the one at the "CHICKEN COOP' north; the building was erected without a south wing, which was not added until 1874. Several smaller buildings were erected at this time ; but especi- ally two of the same brick: one a bakery, now torn down, and the other a barn, later remodeled for dormitory purposes, known then as the "Chicken Coop", and now the museum. Then, too, there were some frame buildings — wagon-shed, work-shop, wood-shed, hay-mow, and suchlike. While the construction work was in progress, a piece of timber land was bought from which to secure fuel; after it had served this purpose, it was sold. Since there was no city water, a well was sunk (1863); later four large cis- terns were made, and in 1866 a very large cistern was constructed SCHOOL PLANT 145 and provided with a force pump to bring water through pipes to reservoirs on each floor for fire protection. Considerable work was done on the grounds from year to year, much of it by students supervised by professors: trees were plant- ed to supplement the many beautiful native trees, and soon there was a fine appearing campus. There was no gymnasium, and the boys practised gymnastics on some apparatus north of the build- ing. Various activities demanded equipment; thus the first musical instrument bought was a piano in 1863 for $320.00, collected by the students under the supervision of Prof. Schmidt; a "Mason and Hamlin" organ was purchased in 1888 with $100.00 secured by the students at the instance of Prof. Haldor Hanson. Both in- struments were destroyed in the fire of 1889. From 1865 to 1867 the general equipment remained largely the same, except for reparations and incidental additions. In 1867 Rev. N. Brandt's three congregations built a parsonage for him on the campus; this brick structure was bought by the Synod and made college property. It is the residence which was in turn oc- cupied by Prof. L. S. Reque and Pres. C. K. Preus. In 1871 there was need of more dormitory space; about half of the brick building known as the "Chicken Coop" — 60x20 feet, and of two stories — was remodeled for students' rooms, and gave room for eighteen students. This space had been used by kitchen help; now a frame building was built for them. It was later used as a trunk house. The work cost $800.00. The additional space in the "Chicken Coop" proved only a temporary relief. The south wing of the main building, which was provided for in the architect's plans, was built during 1873- 74. The corner-stone was laid June 6, 1873, the wing taken in use November 28, 1874, and dedicated December 2nd of the same year. A large bell now sounded from the tower for the first time; it was a gift from the students, who had collected money for it under the leadership of Bj0rn Haatvedt (later Bj^rn Edwards). In 1890 Mr. Edwards personally presented a large bell for the new main building. At this time various improvements were made. Again the "Chicken Coop" was remodeled to provide more dormi- tory room; the entire building except for a large music room was made into students' rooms, with space for thirty students. The dining-hall was enlarged, and the lavatory in the basement made larger. An addition was made to the bakery; an 80-foot well was dug and a wind-mill placed over it; a small barn was built, and to provide a suitable site for it, a little over two acres were bought at the southwest corner of the campus. This construction work, 146 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS including the south wing, cost about $23,000.00. The south wing "is about 45 feet long and 55 wide. It has a good cellar, a base- ment which will serve as an apartment for the steward, and four floors of which the fourth story is a so-called 'attic story'. On the third floor there is a large reading-room, 44x26 feet." The present First Norwegian Evang. Luth. Church building in Decorah, Iowa, was built in 1876 at a cost of $22,506.36. The Synod bore one-half this cost, thus giving Luther College half in- terest in the church property. The library was housed in the so-called "tower room" (No. 15) on the second floor until 1884, when it was moved to three rooms on the first floor in the north wing. All the books were rescued during the fire in 1889 and moved to quarters in the "Chicken Coop". In 1890 they were placed in rooms provided for library purposes on the first floor in the south wing of the new building. For many years there had been no gymnasium. The urgent need of one had long been keenly felt. Among other things the students had military drill. In 1885 fifty rifles were bought from the government for -the company known as the "Luther College Phalanx", which had been organized in 1878 by J. L. Lee. The first gymnasium was built in 1886-87 with money collected by the students. Prof. Carlo A. Sperati was the moving spirit. It is the west room — 75x42 feet, and 18-foot walls — of the present gymnasium, and cost about $1,800.00. In 1885 equipment valued at $150.00 was added to the labor- atory. Prof. O. Ramstad circulated a subscription list and secur- ed $20.00, for which chemicals were bought. Then on April 19, 1889, occurred a disastrous fire which com- pletely gutted the main building. All students except the Seniors were sent away, and school was conducted in the "Chicken Coop", which also contained the library. During the following school year, in 1889-90, the work was carried on in quarters improvised during the summer. The gymnasium served as kitchen, dining- hall, and apartment for steward and hired help. There were four recitation rooms for the three preparatory classes in the basement of the Synod church; the college classes recited in "Schmidt's Hall" — the Griswold house. Rooms were rented in three other buildings, one of them the Arlington Hotel, now the Lutheran Publishing House; and Mr. L. E. Davidson generously gave the use of a large room in his home for reference books and reading- room. SCHOOL PLANT 147 Meanwhile work on a new building was plied with vigor. It was dedicated on October 14, 1890. The total cost was $51,210.00. This is the present main building. "It has the same foundation and in large part the same walls as the old building. It is 170 feet long, and in the middle part 52 feet wide, and 44 in the two| wings. There are three full stories above the basement, and an 'attic story' which through its entire length has high and well- lighted rooms, all of which are very suitable for sleeping-rooms ; most of them are even good study rooms. On the whole the new building has more room than the old. In the basement the old kitchen space is used for machinery for heating and ventilating purposes, while a room equally large on the east side now serves as a kitchen. The dining-hall is the old one; however, it is fur- nished with smaller tables, each for nine students, and there are chairs instead of the long benches ; and with this new arrange- ment, 170 can be seated at one time. On the west side in the north wing there are six bath-rooms and one lavatory; on the east a store-room and a room for hired help. In the south wing there is an apartment for the steward's family, and for kitchen girls. "On the left of the entrance on first floor is the president's of- fice; and an inner room is the faculty room. The greater part of the south wing is occupied by the library and an adjoining read- ing-room. Otherwise there are on the first floor four class-rooms, four students' rooms, and an apartment for one unmarried pro- fessor. "On the second floor are three class-rooms; one of them in the north wing, the largest in the building, has an inner room (later students' rooms numbers 27 and 28) which gives space for museum and laboratory. On this floor there are seven students' rooms. "On the third floor are 31 rooms for students, and on the fourth 18. Thus there is a total of 60 students' rooms; they will accommodate 160 students, while last year there was roorn for only 130, an arrangement now made possible by the fact that all trunks are this year stored in a small building which was no longer really suitable for living quarters. Then, too, the ventilating system is now operated day and night, and most of the rooms are used both as study and sleeping-rooms. "Besides the lavatory and bath-rooms in the basement, each floor has its own wash-room with hpt and cold water, and sewer. As long as there is rain-water in the cisterns, it is available in the lavatories and bath-rooms; but at all times there is an abundance of city water. In various parts of the building there is also city water for drinking purposes. 148 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS "The architecture of the new building is quite different from that of the old; and most people consider it more beautiful. But even if opinion may differ about the outward appearance, there can be no question that as far as equipment is concerned the old cannot be compared with the new building. Everything is so much more comfortable and attractive. The halls are furnished with rugs, the windows with the very best shades (the so-called 'Venetian blinds'), the furniture neat and in good taste, the beds good, and there are wardrobes with an individual compartment for each student. The class rooms are equipped with the very best school furniture, and have blackboards of Pennsylvania slate on all four walls." THE MUSIC PAVILION, 1891 There were especially two important improvements in the new building over the old — city water, and steam heat with a fan venti- ating system. The first heating plant was built at this time. Prof. Larsen did not live in the new building, but moved into the so- called Driggs' residence, which was bought for $1,600.00 in 1890. This house has ever since been some professor's home, and is at present the home of Prof. S. S. Reque. This splendid new building afforded very adequate accommoda- tions, and for some time there was no great addition in equipment, except as facilities were improved and increased from time to time. In 1891 a music pavilion was built with money collected by SCHOOL PLANT 149 Rev. V. Koren in his congregations. It cost $300.00 and was placed about two hundred feet east of the gymnasium among the native oak trees. In 1893 the small building which had been the trunk house was given a new roof and remodeled to afford a room for music rehearsals; in it were also other rooms for general student gatherings. The "Chicken Coop" was again altered; two gables were built on the south side to give more light in a large upper room used for assembly purposes. New floors were laid and steam heat installed. The "Brandt Parsonage" was also re- modeled, and Prof. Larsen moved in some time during the fall of 1893. In 1894 a small blacksmith shop was built as a lean-to on the machine shop. The gymnasium was used as an auditorium, but the stage was very unsatisfactory. In 1895 a 22x1 6-foot stage was built, one which could be hoisted up against the wall; it was paid for by student subscriptions. During the vacation in 1895 the wooden steps at the rear entrance of the main building were replaced by cement stairs. The library space was extended to No. 4 at the north on the west side, which became the librarian's office. In the summer of 1896 almost all the rooms on the third floor of the main building were replastered; the halls throughout the entire building were kalsomined, as were also the kitchen and dining-hall. A new floor was laid on the fourth floor. Telephone was installed. During the school year 1895-96 the museum was moved to the two east rooms downstairs in the "Chicken Coop"; and in 1897 it was extended to occupy also the adjoining north- west room. In 1898 the room which had been used for storing trunks also had to yield to the museum, so that the entire build- ing, except the room used for music rehearsals, was occupied by the museum. A small frame building was built southwest of the main building for storing trunks. In 1899 the stage in the gym- nasium was again enlarged; and a curtain was provided. In the summer of 1899 new cement steps were built at the front entrance. The same year electric lights were installed in the gymnasium and pavilion. And in 1899 a hospital of three rooms was erected, a gift of Hon. John A. Johnson of Madison, Wisconsin, in the sum of $1,000.00. It was built just south of the main building. For many years now baseball had been played; the same ground was used for a diamond as now, but the boys batted to- ward the east. For many years there was no grandstand, but only simple bleachers. In 1900 track athletics were introduced. The boys themselves constructed and largely paid for a cinder track, and also supplied equipment. 150 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS In 1901 there was a marked improvement in that a private electric light plant was installed^ the gift of the Alumni Associa- tion. The cost was $2^500.00. The gymnasium was enlarged in 1903 to three times its first size and became essentially the same as it is now, except for basketball equipment with a spectators' gallery on the east side of the east room. At this time, too — in preparation for the Fiftieth Anniversary Synod Meeting — the lit- tle building which houses the large spruce log was built inside the track to serve as a refreshment stand. Also for this occasion a COLLEGE HOSPITAL massive arch was erected at the entrance to the campus. It is constructed mainly of two Ionic columns of the old court house in which services were conducted in the early days of the College. Laboratory space had been provided in the new building. However, for some time the apparatus was rather meager. Prof. O. Ramstad left a legacy for laboratory purposes ; additions were made, and the space afforded in Nos. 27 and 28 was becoming in- adequate. Under Prof. Haldor Hanson's direction as curator, the mu- seum grew apace. In 1905 the entire "Chicken Coop", down- stairs and upstairs, was given over to the museum. In 1906 the SCHOOL PLANT 151 present baseball grandstand was built with money collected by the students. It cost about $650.00. In the summer of 1907 the rear entrance was extended and the old steps replaced by a porch of brick and concrete. In the fall the Juniors and Seniors were given fine new study desks which took the place of the tables. New floors were laid in all three rooms of the gymnasium. For some time there had been urgent need of more dormitory space. This was supplied when the Laur. Larsen Hall was built LAUR. LARSEN HALL, 1907 in 1906-07. It is "a commodious dormitory (center 50x40, two wings, each 90x40; all, three stories and basement) accommodat- ing upwards of 200 students. It is a handsome structure; has very good fire protection (the same system as the Main Building) ; and is steam heated, electric lighted, and modern throughout. It has a dwelling apartment for a professor and family, class-rooms, a large room for the use of the bands and other musical organiza- tions, offices, a chemical, and a physical laboratory, and a work- shop for the manufacture and repair of scientific apparatus." "The Chemical Laboratory, valued at about $3,500.00, is lo- cated in the west wing of the Laur. Larsen Hall. It is a well 152 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS lighted room^ and accommodates twenty students at one time. It is equipped with excellent tables^ supplied with gas, water, and has individual hoods." "The Physical Laboratory and class-room is located in the east wing of Laur. Larsen Hall. It is a large room with accom- modations for about twenty students at one time. It is equipped with tables of approved design and supplied with all the most necessary apparatus. Additions are constantly being made to the equipment, the total value being now about $3,500.00." THE LANE OF ELMS, 1910 "The Biological Laboratory, equipped with microscopes, slides, and reference books, to the value of over $1,000.00, is located in the Main Building." The Laur. Larsen Hall made necessary the addition of an- other boiler to the two already in the heating plant; the coal bin was altered to provide for an overhead delivery of coal. To get dirt for filling around the new hall, a ridge of ground in front of the gymnasium was removed, much to the advantage of the pre- paratory boys' baseball diamond. The arch was set in concrete, somewhat remodeled and made strictly Ionic in design. A much needed store-room for apparatus was built as a lean-to on the north side of the gymnasium. SCHOOL PLANT 153 For some time now there had been two tennis courts within the track; but one was abandoned to give space for track work. In 1907 two splendid courts were built just north of the Reque house. In 1909 were secured a Bush and Lane piano, a three-horse- power steam engine for the laboratory, a gift of the Lutheran Publishing House, $70.00 from the class of 1909 toward a motor for ventilating purposes in the chemistry department, and other equipment for the laboratories. A noteworthy acquisition in 1911 MAIN BUILDING BEFORE GRADING, 1910 was the splendid Luther statue, a copy of the famous statue in Worms. It was presented by the pastors' wives, and cost $2,547. There was a replanning of the campus in 1910; the greatest change involved the removal of a lane of elms in front of the main building to make space for a large open court. A knoll about midway between the main building and the baseball diamond was removed. In 1911 the Alumni Association voted to purchase an eight-acre wooded tract of land adjoining the campus on the east, and lying north of High Street. The class of 1911 present- ed five fine electric light posts; the graduates of 1912 gave a large oak table for the faculty room. 154 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS In 1912 the rest of the students' rooms in the main building were furnished with desks of the kind the Juniors and Seniors were given in 1907; and new teachers' desks were placed in the class-rooms. In both the buildings drinking fountains were placed on the first floor. At this time, too, Dr. Eli Lewison (Luther Col- lege, 1897) of Canton, S. Dak., presented a splendid pulpit and chair for the chapel. The old rows of chairs were removed and fine new opera chairs installed; these seats together with a metal ceiling and four attractive chandeliers were paid for by private LOYALTY HALL, 1910 subscription. An interesting addition to the museum collection in 1913 was the old historic log house which served as Dr. V. Koren's first parsonage on Washington Prairie, Iowa, in 1853; it was placed right east of the Reque house. A spacious band stand was built in 1913 in place of the old pavilion, which was torn down in 1912. An important addition was a dining hall in 1916. It cost $18,000.00, which sum was largely furnished by the students — hence the name. Loyalty Hall. It is of red brick, 95x45 feet, two-story height, and has a large basement, is equipped with a modern kitchen and bakery furnishings, and accommodates about SCHOOL PLANT 155 250 persons. When it was erected — directly south of the main building — it was necessary to move the hospital, which was much enlarged and remodeled at the same time. The hospital has four separate wards, a kitchen, a nurse's room, a basement laundry, a disinfecting room, and other conveniences. The musical equipment, practically all of which is the proper- ty of the Musical Union, has been steadily increased. In 1907 the valuation was .$4,000.00; and in 1921 there were 130 band instruments and other equipment with a total valuation of $15, 000.00, exclusive of some orchestra instruments. The Musical Union also owns an extensive music library containing the very best music. Except for very liberal donations, the necessary money has come very largely from concerts given by the Luther College Concert Band and Glee Club. Luther College has made an enviable record in athletics. The necessary paraphernalia are furnished by the students' Athletic Association and have now a valuation of $2,000.00. From time to time— especially the last few years — consider- able office equipment has been secured. Typewriters, both for offices and the Commercial Department, adding machine, mimeo- graph, and other things, have a combined valuation of $1,200.00. In 1919 a tract of land, the size of a city block, lying south of High Street and east of the campus, was bought; and in 1920 the College acquired the old Preus house and lots — called the "Sunnyside Property" — for $6,500.00. The same year the so- called Driggs property was sold. The class of 1921 presented a very fine flag pole. Space does not permit an account of all remodeling and repar- ation done at different times. Rooms and space have not al- ways been used for their original purpose. However, it would be difficult to trace all such changes ; and possibly it would be of no real interest or value. One very noteworthy thing in connec- tion with the equipment is that so many things have been pre- sented to the College through funds raised or donated by friends, students, and alumni. Easily the finest building on the campus is the new Koren Library, which was dedicated on the 14th of October, 1921. The erection of this building had long been deferred. The library had long since outgrown its quarters in the main building, and several rooms on the first and second floors had been pressed into service for library purposes. Prof. K. T. Jacobsen, the present librarian, describes it thus in "College Chips" for Octo- ber, 1921: "The Koren Library is situated on the east side of 156 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS the campus a little south of the president's house. It is a modern adaptation of the Georgian style of architecture. The exterior is of pressed brick with stone facings and the rest of the con- struction is of reinforced concrete and other fireproof materials. The building is in three sections; the main section, 80x30 ft., containing two stories; the central portion, 60x21 ft., with three stories and basement; and the third section in the rear, 60x26 ft. The main entrance is on the west side, a passage-way formed by DR. H. G. STUB LAYING THE COR- NER-STONE OF KOREN LIBRARY, APRIL 18, 1921 two rows of square pillars leading through the main portion of the building to the second section. The space on both sides of this passage-way will be used for museum purposes. On the first floor of the central portion is a receiving and work room, besides cloak rooms, and a hallway from which marble stairs lead up to the second floor. At the head of the stairs to the left is found the entrance to the reading-room, which occupies the whole of the second floor of the main portion of the building. It is large enough to accommodate 84 readers at one time. In the hall opposite the entrance to the reading-room is the delivery SCHOOL PLANT 157 desk. The librarian's office occupies the north side of the second floor of this central section and on the south side is a small study room. The third floor of this central section will be used for museum purposes. The rear section is occupied entirely by the book stacks. It is equipped with the steel stacks of the Snead type and marble floors. The three lower tiers of these stacks have been built for the present and a fourth tier can be put in later when needed. The present capacity of the stacks if shelved tight is approximately 80,000 volumes, or, a library working cap- KOREN LIBRARY, FRONT VIEW, 1921 acity of between 50,000 and 60,000 volumes. One excellent feature of the building is that it is unusually well lighted. The reading-room has five large arched windows on the west side and one on each end, and the stacks are likewise very light, windows having been provided between each row of stacks on the east side and one on either end opposite the central aisle. Skylights give excellent light to the third floor central portion and to the deliv- ery desk. For artificial light a system of semi-indirect lighting which gives a soft light for reading purposes has been installed in the reading-room and offices on the second floor, while a different kind of fixture giving a brighter light has been placed in the rooms to be used for museum purposes." 158 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS The following is an appraisal of the Luther College equip- ment, including endowments and legacies, in 1921 : Campus $ 10,000.00 Main Building 75,000.00 Laur. Larsen Hall 60,000.00 Loyalty Hall 18,000.00 Koren Library Building 130,000.00 Gymnasium 8,000.00 Hospital 3,500.00 Heat and Light Plant 15,000.00 Museum 2,000.00 Professors' Residences 4,000.00 2,500.00 6,500.00 Other Buildings 3,000.00 General Endowment, restricted 4,185.00 General Endowment, unrestricted 250,980.00 Science Fund 6,400.00 Student Aid Funds 27,827.61 Unclassified Funds 11,401.57 Library (books, catalogs, etc.) 40,000.00 Scientific Apparatus 8,000.00 Musical Instruments, etc 15,000.00 Museum Collections 8,000.00 Furniture 10,000.00 $719,294.18 In the treasurer's report to the general convention of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America in June, 1922, the follow- ing appraisal of the resources of Luther College is made: Real estate, buildings, and equipment $609,858.93 Endowments (held by Corporation) 41,552.48 Endowments (Memorial Fund) 250,000.00 Other endowments 9,241.70 $910,653.11 CHAPTER SEVEN LIBRARY AND MUSEUM Karl T. Jacobsen I. The Library THE beginning of the library goes back to the foundation of the College. At the meetings of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (the body since 1865 known as the Synod for the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in Amer- ica), in June, 1861, one of the appropriations which was made for the school about to be established was the sum of one hundred dollars a year for two years with which to purchase books for the institution. Ever since that time an annual appropriation for the library has been made by the Church, the amount allowed being one hundred dollars for the first few years, two hundred dollars for the greater part of the time, and finally reaching the sum of three thousand five hundred dollars for the year 1921-22. From 1881 until 1917 the annual appropriation from the Church was augmented by an annual student fee, at first of twenty-five cents, later fifty cents, and finally one dollar for each student. With the meager funds at its disposal, especially at first, the' early growth of the library was not rapid. The first figures con- cerning the size of the library are those contained in the report of the librarian for 1881-82. In that year the library had reached a total of 3,505 volumes or an average of about 170 volumes a year for the first twenty years of its existence. Since that time its growth has been a little more rapid. In the following year (1882-83), which is the first time mention is made of the library in the catalog, the number of volumes given is 3,700 in addition to the "Mimer Library", a collection of books obtained by the voluntary contribution of the members of a student society. This last named collection was donated to, and incorporated into, the library in 1889, and by this addition, together with the regular accessions, the library had in that year reached a total of 5,800 volumes. By 1914 the number of volumes had reached a total of 18,500 in addition to about 3,000 pamphlets. In the fall of that year about 5,000 more volumes were added by the gift by friends of the institution of the so-called Bang Library. Since then 160 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS several smaller collections have been turned over to the library, and these, together with the regular accessions and gifts from time to time, have brought the size of the library up to about 29,000 bound volumes and between 8,000 and 10,000 pamphlets and unbound books. The special collections referred to above have all, with the exception of one, the Bang Library, been developed in connection with some organization at Luther. The first of these collections to be started was the above mentioned "Mimer Library". This collection was formed by a student society organized expressly for the purpose of obtaining more books along wider cultural lines, the funds of the library not being sufficient to obtain much more than the most needed reference works. The members taxed themselves one dollar each a year for this purpose, and in the fif- teen or sixteen years of its existence (1873 or '74 to 1889) a total of upwards of nine hundred volumes had been collected. The cat- alog of this collection, printed in 1884, shows it to have consisted to a great extent of standard works of English, American, and Norwegian literature, some history and description, and a few books in the natural sciences. Of the organization of this society the late Reverend M. Langeland says in a letter of October 13, 1921: "Professor J. D. Jacobsen must be given credit for start- ing 'Mimer' ". And Mr. K. G. Faegre in a letter of October, 1921, to Reverend I. B. Torrison, states that the first committee to se- lect books for "Mimer" consisted of Professor Jacobsen, Professor O. G. Felland, himself, and one other student. Among later of- ficers of the society was Dr. Ludvig Hektoen. As already men- tioned, this collection was donated to the library in 1889. By far the largest single collection secured by the library is the so-called Bang Library. This was bought from the estate of the late Bishop Bang of Norway by Hon. L. S. Swenson and other friends of Luther and donated to the library in 1914. The collection, consisting of approximately 5,000 volumes, is rich in Norwegian literature — especially the older — and history. During 1920 the books collected by the student historical so- ciety "P. A. Munch", as well as the collection gathered by the Norwegian literary society "Normannalaget", were turned over to the library. The first of these, a collection of about 125 volumes, consists mainly of works of history and description, especially of the Scandinavian countries. The "Normannalaget" collection is confined almost entirely to works in Norwegian literature and numbers about 150 volumes. The last of these special collections to be transferred to the LIBRARY AND MUSEUM 161 library is the museum library. This transfer was recommended by the faculty in 1921 and approved by the Board of Trustees in order that the book resources of the institution might, as far as possible, come under one administration. This collection, while somewhat varied in character, contains a good many books by Nor- wegian-American authors and publishers. It numbers, aside from the newspapers which, for the present, are retained in the mu- seum, something over 2,000 titles. Just where the library was kept during the earliest years of its existence the writer has not been able to discover, but in the late seventies it was assigned space in the tower room on the sec- THE OLD READING ROOM ond floor of the main building. From there it was moved in 1884, the catalog for that year tells us, "into more commodious quarters on the first floor of the main building". Here, in the northeast corner of the building, it remained until the fire in 1889, and its location was probably the only thing that made it possible to save it at that time, since this part of the building was the last to burn. For several hours during the night the students carried the books to the gymnasium until the 6,000 volumes which the library then contained had all been brought out of the burning building. While the main building was being rebuilt, the library occupied space in the building now for a long time used for the museum, but as soon as the main building was completed it was moved into the three rooms provided for it in the south end of the building. Before long it outgrew these quarters, however, and additional shelving space had to be provided by taking, first the east room opposite the librarian's ofiice, and later two rooms in the northwest corner of the second floor for this purpose. Even with this additional 162 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS space the quarters had become extremely crowded, and it was, therefore, a great relief when the library finally could be moved into its new home in the modern Koren Library and Museum Building. The administration of the library was probably during the first few years vested in the president. At least there is no rec- ord available of any one having been designated librarian before Professor G. Landmark. Professor Landmark was a teacher at the institution from 1867 to 1876 and librarian most of that time. KOREN LIBRARY, REAR VIEW, 1921 He was succeeded as librarian by Professor J. D. Jacobsen, who served as such from 1874- until his death, in 1881. In 1881-82 Professor O. J. Breda served as librarian, and he was succeeded by Professor H. Roalkvam, 1882-86, and Professor Emil Peter- sen, 1886-87. In 1887 Professor C. A. Naeseth was appointed librarian, and he served continuously as such until the summer of 1920, when he resigned and was succeeded by the present librar- ian, Karl T. Jacobsen. Before 1912 the position of librarian was combined with a regular teaching position, but in that year Pro- fessor Naeseth was relieved of the last of his classes. For the last ten years Professor Enoch Peterson has also given a good deal of time and energy to the library, acting as assistant librar- ian a large part of this period. While most of these men did not LIBRARY AND MUSEUM 163 have any special library training, they all had special interest and qualifications for the position. To them, and to Professor Naeseth especially, much credit is due for building up so comprehensive and fairly representative a collection with the limited funds at their disposal. That the organization of the library under the circumstances necessarily had to be somewhat neglected was only to be expected. The need of a better organization, especially as the collection grew, was, however, not lost sight of. In 1889 a classified printed catalog was first published. This was kept up to date as far as possible by manuscript entries in several copies until the late nineties, when it became apparent that some other system would have to be adopted. So in the spring of 1899 Mr. Torstein Jahr, '96, who was attending the Illinois Library School, was engaged to classify and catalog the library. With the help of Mr. Joseph Brorby, '99, and S. B. Hustvedt, '02, he classified according to the Dewey system the collection which at that time numbered some 10,000 volumes, and provided a dictionary catalog on cards. This task was performed in 1899 and 1900, mostly during the summer months. Since that time the catalog was kept up by the librarian as far as the limited time at his disposal for this work would allow. But with the lack of funds to get adequate assistance it was im- possible for him to enter even the ordinary current accessions properly, not to mention the larger collections which have been added to the library the past few years. The result was a stead- ily growing accumulation of uncataloged and unclassified books, and the steady deterioration of the catalog. Since both the cat- alog and the classification needed a thorough revision and the ac- cumulation of uncataloged books had grown so large, it was de- cided to reorganize on a new basis. As the Dewey classification has generally proved unsatisfactory for college libraries, the Li- brary of Congress system of classification has been adopted as the basis of its arrangement. In the cataloging also the form in use by the Library of Congress is in general being followed, although the cataloging is not in all cases carried out in such detail. A be- ginning of this reorganization was made in the summer of 1919, when the present librarian, who was at that time connected with the University of Chicago Libraries, spent about three weeks in Decorah and with the help of Mrs. Jacobsen and Professor Enoch Peterson arranged the Bang Library, classifying and shelflisting a part of it and arranging the remainder roughly by classes. The reclassification could not be continued until after Christmas of 1920. Since that time all new accessions and most of the books 164 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS in the reading room reference collection have been placed under the new system and fully cataloged. Books from the uncataloged collections are also being taken up as time allows. Doing the work in this way, the process is necessarily a slow one, especially with the small staff to which our present funds limit us ; but it is felt that it is economy of time to do the work thoroughly so as to develop a system of bibliographical tools that will stand the test of time and serve to make the resources of the library available to the best advantage. READING ROOM, KOREN LIBRARY The greater part of the books in the library have been secured at the recommendation of the various professors for use in their respective courses, and its value as a reference collection for as- signed reading is constantly increasing. Since the school in its curriculum emphasizes the humanities, the fields that are best rep- resented in the library are literature, history, religion, and, to a somewhat lesser degree, the social and natural sciences. The li- brary has also a fairly good reference collection containing rep- resentative works in various fields of knowledge, even such as are not represented in the college curriculum. This being a Lutheran school, considerable emphasis is being placed on securing the lit- erature pertaining to this church and especially on obtaining as much as possible of the literature that has been published by and LIBRARY AND MUSEUM 165 about the Norwegian Lutherans in America. The library has also made a beginning towards collecting and preserving literature il- lustrative of the culture and history of the Norwegians and especi- ally of the people of Norwegian extraction in this country. It is the aim of the library to cooperate with the museum in making this collection as complete as possible. In the future development of the library the greatest stress should undoubtedly continue to be placed on obtaining material FIRST FLOOR, KOREN LIBRARY (Reserved for Museum) most directly needed in the various courses so that the library may become even more than at present the workshop of students and instructors ; the gaps in the reference collection should be filled and this made more comprehensive; our collection of Lutheran literature should be made more complete; the Norwegian and Nor- wegian-American collection should be made as exhaustive as pos- sible; more emphasis might to advantage be laid on collecting material on local history and history of the Middle West ; and last but not least, the organization already referred to should go for- ward as fast as circumstances will allow, not only that the re- sources of the library may be made better available, but also that the students may become acquainted with better bibliographic 166 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS tools and get a better insight into the methods of independent re- search. II. The Museum In "Kirketidende" for February 23, 1877, Professor Laur. Larsen acknowledges the receipt of 600 birds' eggs for Luther College and at the same time mentions that a number of other ar- ticles had been received, forming the beginning of a museum. The growth of the museum was evidently not very rapid, and it was not before 1890 that anything was done towards display- ing the articles. In that year Professor Sihler was placed in charge, and with the fifty dollars at his disposal he had some cases made for keeping and displaying the various articles. In October, 1895, Professor Haldor Hanson was appointed curator, and it was under his administration that the museum made the greatest headway. The extent of its growth the first five years it was under his charge can be seen from the report given in "Kirketidende" for May 23, 1900, from which the following is taken : "One of the principal aims of the museum is to collect and preserve the Norwegian-American newspaper literature. It has now 518 complete volumes of various newspapers and a little more than that of incomplete volumes. In the museum library there are a little more than. 2,000 volumes, most of them by Norwegian- American publishers. The museum has a coin collection of 600 pieces, and a stamp collection of more than 4,300. In the collection of photographs can be found 124 photographs of Norwegian-American clergymen, teachers, and journalists, in addition to several groups; 180 photo- graphs of churches, schools, and parsonages ; 30 groups from Lu- ther College, etc. In the natural history section there are 150 stuffed birds, 38 fishes, 35 mammals; a small collection of insects, 975 birds' eggs, about 1,000 shells, 33 corals, about 200 specimens of minerals and quartz, several fossils, an herbarium of 500 specimens. In the ethnological section there are more than 400 Indian relics such as arrowheads, tomahawks, bracelets, etc., about 100 articles from Alaska, a collection of weapons including poisoned arrows from the South Sea Islands, also several articles from Af- rica, China, and Japan. The Museum has laid special stress on securing and preserving articles illustrative of Norwegian life and culture. A beginning towards an art section has been made, especi- ally by the contribution of Mr. Gausta's large and splendid paint- LIBRARY AND MUSEUM 167 ing entitled 'Closing the Bargain'. A plaster east of Apollo Bel- videre has been donated by the classes '94*, '95^ '96, and '97." Of articles mentioned since the time of this report may be specially noted the model of "Maihaugen", a collection of old buildings gathered together from various parts of Gudbrandsdalen to a large slope overlooking Lillehammer, Norway, and now form- ing the home of the celebrated "Sandvigske Samlinger". This model was donated by Reverend M. K. Bleken. Another art- icle of considerable interest is the Hardanger bridal costume from 1754 displayed on an appropriate wax figure. Also quite a num- ber of articles relating to Norwegian-American pioneer life have KOREN PARSONAGE, 1853 been added. Among these is the first parsonage occupied by Dr. and Mrs. Koren. This little log cabin has been moved from Wash- ington Prairie and placed on the campus east of the president's house. The interior has been fitted up with furniture representa- tive of that pioneer time. The Syrian collection, consisting of relics from a church built by the crusaders in the 11th or 12th century, oil lamps from the island of Cyprus, Turkish costumes and various other articles, is also worthy of mention. To the art section have been added two pieces of statuary — copies of the Borghesian fighter and of the Laocoon group — and various heads and masks ; also a number of paintings, among which are the "En- trance to the Golden Gate" by N. Hagerup and "Winter Scene" by Alex. Grinager. Professor Haldor Hanson was succeeded as curator in 1902 168 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS by Professor George Markhus, and when he left Decorah in 1906, Professors H. W. Sheel and M. K. Bleken were placed in charge. The museum was first located in the northwest corner room of the second floor of the main building, but in 1895 it was moved to the small brick building northwest of the main building. At first it occupied only part of this building, but before long, even with the whole building devoted to its exclusive use, it became very much cramped for room and for a number of years past the articles received have had to be stored elsewhere. THIRD FLOOR, KOREN LIBRARY (Reserved ior Museum,) Because of these conditions no special efforts have been made the last fifteen years to develop the museum to any great extent. But, with the space provided in the new Koren Library and Museum Building for housing a considerable part of the museum collection and thereby giving opportunity for further growth, steps have now been taken to place the management of the museum on a more permanent basis. The general direction of the museum has been placed in the hands of a permanent faculty committee composed of the head of the Scandinavian department, the li- brarian, and one member from the science department, the first named to be chairman of the committee and curator of the museum. The books originally collected for the museum have been LIBRARY AND MUSEUM 169 transferred to the library. The newspapers have, however, been retained in the museum with a view to having them form part of the collection of the Norwegian-American Historical Archives which it is the purpose of the present curator, Dr. Knut Gjerset, to form in connection with the museum. It is the purpose of the present management in the future development of the museum to stress even more than in the past those sections which are illus- trative of the history and culture of the early pioneers of Nor- wegian extraction as well as Norwegian culture as a whole. In keeping with this it is Dr. Gjerset's plan, in the remodeling of the old museum building which will have to be done in the very near future in order to provide proper housing for that part of the col- lection that cannot be accommodated in the Koren Library and Mu- seum Building, "to arrange a typical Norwegian living-room where articles preserved from pioneer days can be placed as they once stood in grandmother's own home. This will cost a little, but it will gladden many if it can be done. There will be found the loom and the spinning-wheel, the cupboard and the old chests; the fireplace with pot-hooks, pots, and copper kettles; the table with wooden vessels as in olden days; even the big Bible with the horn-rimmed spectacles between the leaves where the old grand- mother read for the last time. The collection must be brought into such form that it breathes Norwegian life." A CELEBKATION IN THK SKVKNTIES CHAPTER EIGHT INCOME K. O. ElTTREIM NEARLY three-fourths of the income of Luther College during its sixty years of history has come from the church to which the school has belonged. The remaining one-fourth has come from the students. For buildings and grounds about a half million dollars has been received, all of which has been raised by special subscrip- tions. About $300,000 have been received for special purposes, mostly in the nature of endowments. $250,000 is a general endowment fund, of which James J. Hill gave $50,000 on the condition that $200,000 more be raised. Tliis amount was subscribed by the people of the Synod and the subscription was completed in the year 1912. Special gifts and legacies have been received as follows : 1. Halvor Olson Gjerjord, Stoughton, Wis., gave the sum of $7,343.23, the income of which is to be used for aiding "the most worthy and needy students at Luther College who are studying with the purpose and view of service in the ministry of the Nor- wegian Evangelical Lutheran Church of America." This amount was received in 1882. 2. Martin Pederson, Winneshiek Co., Iowa, in 1881 gave $750, the interest of which is "to be applied yearly in assisting poor stu- dents who are from time to time preparing for the ministry of the Gospel in the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America." 3. Bergit Ellingson, Worth Co., Iowa, in 1891 gave $300, the income of which is to be used for the benefit of needy students who will prepare themselves for service in the Church. 4. Knut K. Neste, Jr., Decorah, Iowa, in 1901 gave $800 "to be used to the aid of needy students at the discretion of the president as he may think advisable." 5. T. Thompson and wife, Vermilion^ S. Dak. In 1905 their children gave in grateful remembrance of above-named parents the sum of $300, the income to be used "for the benefit of such students who contemplate the study of theology and need such assistance." INCOME 171 6. Mr. and Mrs. O. C. Johnson Hallan Legacy, Decorah. Iowa. $1,000 given in 1907. Income to be distributed by the president and secretary of L. C. and the pastor of First N. E. L. Church of Decorah "to such needy students of the College who intend later to enter the service of the Synod of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, and who in the opinion of the faculty are worthy of such assistance." 7. Anton Hegge, Garretson, S. Dak., gave in 1909 $4-00 and in 1910 $500, total $900. The income is to be distributed by the faculty to such needy and worthy students at Luther College who later study theology at the Seminary to serve the Church as pastors or teachers. 8. Ingeborg Gjerjord, Stoughton, Wis., widow of Halvor O. Gjerjord, in 1911 bequeathed $1,227.58 on exactly the same terms as the earlier legacy by her husband. 9. Captain T. A. Rossing, Bode, Iowa, in 1911 gave $10,000, the income of which (and, if necessary, the principal) is to be used "to aid young men who have been graduated or may be graduated from Luther College," "during their time of study either at Luther College or at Luther Seminary, or both," "who intend to enter the service of the Church either as ministers of the Gospel or as professors." 10. Mrs. Melaas, in 1913, gave $285, the income to be used to aid needy students who intend to become ministers. 11. Kitil Funer, Ridgeway, Iowa, in 1910, gave $200, the in- come to be used to aid needy students who intend to become min- isters. 12. Gilbert and Marit Remmen, in 1914, gave $500, the income of which is to be used for assisting needy students. 13. M. J. Melaas, Stoughton, Wis., in 1914 gave $175, income to be used to assist students who intend to enter the ministry. 14. Caroline Busness, Decorah, Iowa, by bequest in 1916 gave $1,000 in cash and a residence property in Decorah valued at $1,500, the latter subject to possession by Mrs. Martha Hanson during life. The income is to be used for assisting needy students who intend to enter the ministry. 15. Ouden and Randine Evenson Legacy, La Crosse, Wis. This legacy, amounting to $1,641.70, came into our possession in 1916. "The interest of said money shall annually be used for the aid and support of one or more worthy farmers' sons studying at said College, providing they shall be in need of such aid and support. Preference in awarding the annual interest of said money 172 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS shall be shown farmers' sons from the eastern district of said Synod." 16. Helga O. Hokaasen gave in 1916 the sum of $100, the income "to be used and expended by said trustees in rendering financial assistance to such students as in their judgment are in need of the same while enrolled and in actual attendance at the said College." 17. Mrs. Ragnhild Sandager in 1919 gave $500, the income to be used for the assistance of students preparing for the min- istry. 18. The Laur. Larsen Memorial Fund amounts to $1,450, and the income is used for aiding students for the ministry. 19. Prof. Ola Ramstad of Luther College, who died in 1889, left a farm and some other property to be used by his parents while they lived and after their death to be given to Luther Col- lege. This property came into possession of Luther College about the year 1900, and the final proceeds amounted to $6,400. "The annual income thereof shall be expended by said Board of Trustees for facilitating the instruction in the natural sciences in said Nor- wegian Luther College." 20. The Endowment for Teachers' Salaries, amounting to $4,185, is made up of the following legacies and gifts: Martin Madson Legacy, 1895 $ 800.00 Ole J. Hemma Legacy 125.00 Ole J. Broin Estate, 1913 1,000.00 B. Anundsen Estate, 1914 500.00 Gathered by Rev. E. I. Strom, 1917 1,310.00 Donations in 1918 215.00 Donations in 1919 235.00 21. In 1918 was received the R. Larson estate, amounting to $1,905, with no conditions attached as to how it was to be used. It was the writer's intention to itemize the income of each of these funds and also to show how many students have been given financial aid, but time has not permitted this to be done. The income from "special endowments" listed in the table from 1862 to 1877 was interest on the so-called "University Fund". The income was used for teachers' salaries, and the fund itself was expended for buildings. After the receipt of the general endowment fund in 1912 a steady and substantial income has been received from this source. Most of the money is invested in farm mortgages and yields about INCOME 173 six per cent interest. This fund should be enlarged, and in the near future it must be, in order to meet the requirements of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, of which Luther College is a member. It is to be hoped that the fund may before long be increased to a million dollars. While the school would yet be dependent in some measure upon the Church for support, the burden would not be so heavy as it necessarily is now. It would hardly be beneficial to either school or synod to be financi- ally independent of each other. The income from students at Luther College is comparatively small. Having as a primary aim to prepare candidates for the- ological study, the school has always held to the policy that such students should not be required to pay any large percentage of the cost of their education. The fees have therefore been set at the lowest possible figure. During the early years no fee was asked except $40 a year for board. Even this in the case of those who could not pay was covered by contributions for student aid. As will be seen by the table, such contributions have been made in 52 out of the 60 years. These contributions together with income from student aid funds have amounted to $56,356.54, an average of nearly a thousand dollars a year. The normal annual income for student aid at present is about $1,500. Up to the year 1896 the school provided board for the students, and the major part of the income from students listed in the table for that time is for board. In 1897 the students began to run their own boarding club. The income from students after that time is itemized in the table. We cannot vouch for the exact correctness of all the figures in the table, but in the main we believe they are correct. Except in recent years the accounts in large measure were kept by the Synod, and the annual reports which have been our main source of information do not always show clearly what applies to Luther College and what may apply to other institutions. This applies especially to "Building Funds", "Gifts for Student Aid," and "Contributions from Synod" in the table. This also necessarily applies in some measure to the chapter on Expenditures. The amount appearing in the building funds column for 1921 represents the cost of Koren Library. This has not as yet been fully paid but is covered by subscriptions which will no doubt be paid. Money and subscriptions have been gathered for the library for several years, but no report had been made before. Hence it appears in the one sum. 174 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Income at Luther College for Sixty Years Building Funds 4.015.65 1.795.44 8,271.25 20,869.82 11,951.82 15.802.37 13,024.59 4,389.47 9,067.96 8,573.29 10,542.08 7,105.87 8,364.73 17,268.06 5,661.20 1,924.04 1,513.15 446.30 1,191.81 263.70 46.35 104.50 18,012.17 36,440.38 2,997.93 1,140.00 23,739.99 40,096.41 10.970.15 4,624.25 2,664.50 252.00 1,041.00 312.00 150.00 40.00 1,074.00 132,992.39 Gifts for Special Purposes 135.00 488.16 7,343.23 750.00 300.00 800.00 51.00 1.00 30.00 8.00 56.92 7,200.00 110.00 136.35 301.00 1,006.00 86.15 77.00 2,196.28 11,363.05 250,838.54 1,984.27 889.80 408.50 1,918.95 3,956.74 293.85 2,640.00 120.00 567.00 General Endowment Income 11,440.88 13,287.86 13,513.54 14,669.69 13,604.93 14,325.89 14,205.25 14,261.65 14,264.59 Special Endowment Income 561.20 322.58 736.40 224.84 179.56 33.79 10.00 405.68 272.51 78.33 29.55 248.69 28.73 48.00 48.00 48.00 7.50 48.00 48.00 48.00 271.91 50.40 56.65 41.75 1.10 467.23 547.46 50.00 344.68 864.89 371.00 371.00 373.40 421.43 257.53 330.67 Student Aid Funds Income 281.93 295.32 289.34 328.59 328.59 328.59 328.59 328.59 350.77 368.39 371.48 378.84 382.59 440.53 348.83 348.83 386.33 347.87 366.24 329.96 335.73 335.73 350.73 384.48 393.53 439.73 472.43 494.63 1,111.17 1,070.09 1,083.09 1,089.94 1,208.34 1,417.14 1,265.90 1,344.42 1,412.26 874.89 Totall. 428,740.62 296,056.79[ 123,574.28 8,248.46 22,014.43 34,342.11 549.894.90 28,987.44 1,491,859.03 Student Aid Gifts 266.13 253.14 715.33 1,359.62 1,104.10 1,116.32 1,283.60 1,918.41 2,183.38 2,614.66 770.50 884.00 867.17 589.91 1,298.60 453.05 837.75 1,368.97 1,779.73 1,125.44 1,249.07 1.109.15 976.76 976.80 723.95 793.16 332.46 402.14 332.46 471.37 581.47 81.85 280.56 75.18 52.25 99.90 58.25 2.00 171.75 333.19 68.25 245.97 110.00 448.90 184.35 270.00 180.23 302.88 74.00 35.00 520.00 10.00 Contribu tions from Synod 421.98 1,307.48 1,621.77 1,985.95 1,852.20 2,329.30 3,083.37 4,012.50 4,437.79 4,900.83 6,733.54 4.942.92 6,163.55 7,468.89 5,771.00 6,070.13 5,423.21 5,756.20 6,988.71 7,190.75 6,779.52 7,417.48 7,789.39 7,566.39 6,356.20 7,737.12 10,302.16 7,786.20 5,647.36 6,397.83 6,352.74 8,466.21 7,892.23 8,164.57 9,130.09 8,893.02 9,439.66 9,411.45 10,784.55 12,714.38 11,880.74 11,550.54 14,004.21 13,347.83 13,724.49 13,734.64 15,227.04 15,964.91 19,849.37 11,658.22 16,985.82 10,686.71 11,172.59 19,902.59 9,810.00 14,525.42 21,034.94 51,344.22 Sales And Sundries 47.59 22.99 87.39 268.38 1,686.70 4,614.61 1,862.85 253.25 33.75 66.12 77.91 40.75 7.80 115.61 1,993.98 590.01 609.62 307.77 209.12 316.31 305.51 213.83 61.30 150.15 94.91 97.42 54.92 86.20 17.10 172.46 476.72 640.99 171.38 344.77 323.77 427.53 336.23 270.23 196.53 245.02 211.63 356.69 352.53 304.92 399.40 460.16 419.69 459.81 1,039.31 435.82 269.30 366.87 219.54 338.05 239.24 64.56 29.65 4,704.12 316.67 Total Outside Income 4,890.57 2,206.57 9,591.36 23,897.41 16,844.75 23,686.59 18,186.75 8,255.62 14,103.49 14,845.29 17,672.44 13,223.63 16,262.58 23,272.09 32,384.19 11,530.23 8,346.82 7,661.95 7,001.30 7,852.24 8,419.66 15,996.88 8,981.90 8,839.71 10.342.25 8,980.05 7,579.22 8,588.87 29,062.16 45,360.09 9,944.15 7,988.68 6,977.45 10.270.38 8,753.50 9,133.88 9,993.05 9,626.33 10,032.02 10,052.34 11,467.34 20,649.03 12,950.91 12,499.29 16,528.53 39,057.11 55,022.89 25,833.08 24,009.31 31,574.49 273,237.84 27,791.56 33,335.67 27,125.63 29,654.81 40,326.40 26,653.60 33,166.17 41,790.50 200,700.43 INCOME 175 Income at Luther College for Sixty Years Tuition Laboratory Fees Other Fees Room and Light Incidental Fee Medical Aid and Hospital Total from Students Grand Total Income Number of Students Members In Synod 611.25 1,150.00 1,725.00 2,090.00 4,057.50 4,260.00 3,986.00 5,628.50 6,089.88 8,597.55 7,991.08 7,565.10 8,424.29 10,471.46 9,983.38 9,750.57 10,717.75 9,229.97 9,358.72 10,633.49 8,517.82 9,524.30 11,462.48 9,036.23 8,387.15 8,705.96 7,920.60 7,745.04 7,998.16 12,139.23 15,981.19 12,798.54 12,922.84 12,993.55 13,568.39 5,495.97 6,761.63 7,310.96 6,811.80 7,093.88 7,192.46 7,444.79 6,953.35 7,054.91 7,539.30 6,024.76 7,435.40 8,477.93 8,058.69 9,081.67 10,753.50 10,850.73 10,218.29 10,376.09 11,576.12 11,932.13 9,225.40 8,112.61 16,649.00 29,932.56 5,501.82 3,356.57 11,316.36 25,987.41 20,902.25 23,686.59 22,172.75 13,884.12 20,193.37 23,442.84 25,663.52 20,788.73 24,686.87 33,743.55 42,367.57 21,280.80 19,064.61 16,891.92 16,360.02 18,485.73 16,937.48 25.521.18 20,444.38 17,875.94 18,729.40 17,686.01 15,499.82 16,333.91 37,060.32 57,499.32 25,925.34 20,787.22 19,900.29 28,263.93 22,321.89 14,629.85 16,754.68 16,937.29 16,843.82 17,146.22 18,659.80 28,093.82 19,904.26 19,554.20 24,067.83 45,081.87 62,458.29 34,311.01 32,068.00 40,656.16 283,991.34 38,642.29 43,553.96 37,501.72 41,230.93 52,258.53 36,007.00 41,278.78 58,440.00 230,632.99 16 34 51 58 81 83 73 106 122 147 147 159 190 229 217 181 189 173 159 165 145 137 166 143 131 133 118 135 145 206 213 188 182 187 200 192 192 198 194 207 197 203 193 198 211 174 187 191 169 181 214 213 208 207 207 130 170 241 217 254 13,400 16,700 20,000 23,500 28,000 32,900 38,000 43,900 50,148 57,800 66,800 77,415 94.775 102,001 110,871 572.00 115,000 1,075.25 119,500 777.71 123,500 892.15 127,255 712.89 132,000 528.00 137,500 735.75 144,272 1,067.98 144,100 777.55 144,000 704.99 143,885 850.06 127,200 648.75 1 10,600 597.50 93,921 927.00 98,912 1,646.00 98,400 2,247.00 97,968 2,116.00 101,100 1,592.00 104,300 1,660.00 107,442 1,873.75 110,300 1,962.50 399,46 403.34 422.25 432.80 448.61 410.26 471.03 415.00 451.75 509.05 393.61 421.20 527.54 413.13 505.72 619.85 842.35 474.84 538.05 685.88 1,725.76 1,203.65 1,191.80 1,709.85 1,958.01 1,506.31 1,668.70 1,680.80 1,551.01 1,503.25 1,801.55 2,022.76 1,868.25 1,806.60 1,872.80 1,601.70 2,459.35 2,365.15 2,216.50 2,405.85 2,897.25 2,958.40 2,980.20 2,906.70 2,879.00 2,245.16 1,553.75 3,272.08 6,112.76 10,239.29 1,334.00 2,539.01 2,678.04 2,600.60 2,727.29 2,672.40 2,765.55 2,581.21 2,623.80 2,861.55 2,370.05 2,500.10 3,349.60 3,100.65 3,363.45 4,021.45 4,014.45 3,982.50 3,995.00 3,817.65 3,268.65 2,179.30 293.70 294.80 316.40 310.75 322.85 315.15 334.95 306.65 309.90 335.10 318.00 344.00 339.00 297.00 345.00 382.00 398.00 392.00 393.00 463.29 329.80 271.50 481.25 1,080.91 1,606.47 113,100 1,855.78 117,226 2,213.47 120,900 1,916.64 126,800 2,091.88 133,623 1,993.10 1,850.50 135,600 137,500 1,782.24 139,430 1,862.86 139,900 1,960.80 1,341.40 141,900 143,135 1,631.25 1,708.10 1,825.25 2,090.75 2,525.75 2,303.00 1,998.75 1,768.65 3,239.55 4,045.76 3,891.20 2,918.98 7,075.56 15,278.78 79.50 188.54 206.16 370.90 307.20 334.53 390.00 774.69 490.75 317.00 126.00 248.50 669.92 850.01 143,900 144,000 143,819 145,000 148,000 150,504 152,500 152,800 152,160 151,192 403,634 410,824 401,734 401,786 95 134 83 5,353.70 17,574.79 66,375.17 65,346.30 10,581.47 530,386.94 2,022,245.97 9,957 176 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS HANS GERHARD STUB "1. Who Gathered the Subscriptions for the Luther College Endowment Fund CHAPTER NINE EXPENDITURES O. M. ElTTREIM THE following pages give a tabulation of the expenditures at Luther College year by year up to the school year 1921-22. As may be expected, the data available, at least for earlier years, are too meager to make an accurate separation under the headings given, but it has been the aim to make the distinction between capital and operating expenditures as sharp as possible. To make the figures available for study and comparison, a short explanation of the classification is given. I. Capital Expenditures All expenditures for new material and improvements which may be expected to last for several years and which thus add to the value of the school plant. This excludes repairs. 1. Buildings and Grounds Column 1. Main building, including the added wing and the cost of rebuilding after the fire, the heating plant, the museum building, the gymnasium, the hospital, Laur. Larsen Hall, Loyalty Hall, and Koren Library. Column 2. The College's share in the church in Decorah, and the various residences purchased by the College. Column 3. Campus land, water mains, etc. Column 4. Total of items in columns 1, 2, and 3. 2. Equipment Column 5, 6, and 7. New equipment for the three laboratories, not including supplies. Column 8. Library books only. Figures previous to 1880-81 are uncertain. Column 9. Exhibits for the museum. Column 10. Furniture, maps, horses and wagons, and, in gen- eral, all equipment items of which the specific classification is not known. Column 11. Total of items in columns 5 to 9 inclusive. 178 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS II. Operating Expenditures Expenditures for materials used up or services rendered during the year^ or^ in general, items which do not add to the value of the plant. 1. Administration Column 12. Except for the year 1920-21, for which a separa- tion was worked out on a basis of hours taught, 10% of the total teachers' salaries is charged to administration. The items in early years also include rent paid by the Synod for teachers' residences. Column 13. Total salary of teachers who acted as librarians. The figures are therefore in most years too high. Column 14. Amount stated in reports as spent for "Printing and Stationery" and "Advertising". In the years for which figures are not given, they are no doubt included in the items in column 15. Column 15. "Administration and Wages", traveling expenses, insurance, diplomas, and, in general, all administration items not known to come under columns 12, 13 or 14. Column 16. Total of columns 12 to 15 inclusive. 2. Instruction Column 17. 90% of total teachers' salaries, less column 13, librarian. 3. General Expense Column 18. Care of buildings and grounds, repairs, "General Expense", exchange, interest, endowment fund expenses, fuel, light, etc. Up to the year 1896-97, the expenditures for "Hus- holdning" are also included. The "Husholdningskasse" was discon- tinued when the boarding club was organized. 4. Total Operating Expenditures Column 19. Total of columns 12 to 18 inclusive. 5. Student Aid Column 20. Early years also include some aid to students at St. Louis (at Concordia Seminary). 6. Total Expenditures Column 21. Total of items in columns 4, 11, 19, and 20. EXPENDITURES 179 III. Per Capita Expenditures and Contributions Some of the items in the final table of "Per Capita Operating Expenditures and Per Capita Synodical Contribution" may need a word of explanation. Column 22 is a duplicate of column 19 in the preceding table. Column 24. The items carried out in the last two places, as 50,148 in 1869-70, for example, are the actual membership in those years. The items in which the last two digits are ciphers were estimated bj^ plotting a curve and interpolating. Column 25. The items in column 22 divided by tlie corre- sponding items in column 23. Column 26. The items in column 22 multiplied by 100 and divided by the corresponding items in column 24. Column 27. Total amount paid by students each year as given in Chapter Eight. Column 28. Items in column 22 less the corresponding items in column 27. Column 29. Items in column- 28 divided by the corresponding items in column 23. Column 30. Items in column 28 multiplied by 100 and divided by the corresponding items in column 24. The figures for 1920-21, to make the record complete, in- clude also the amount paid during 1921-22 on the 1920-21 deficit. IV. Bibliography The expenditures for laboratory equipment and, after 1880, for library books were obtained from the accounts of the Luther College treasurer. The number of students was obtained from Chapter Eleven. The number of Synod members was obtained by Dr. O. M. Norlie, except those after 1917. Teachers' salaries for 1888 to 1891 inclusive are from "Luther College", by G. Bothne. All other figures are from the reports of the Synod treasurer and the College treasurer in the annual "Synodal-Beretninger." 180 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Expenditures at Luther College for Sixty Years CAPITAL EXPENDITURES Buildings and Ground s Equipment Year School Buildings Resi- dences etc. Campus Total Laboratory General Biology Chemis- try Physics Library Muse- um Miscell. Total Col. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 61-62.. ' 62-63... 1,372.86 1,816.78 91.55 97.70 ' 641.00 42.50 1,372.86 7,771.08 36,940.13 31,861.94 2,317.61 3,098.91 1,751.46 42.07 170.00 112.34 1,068.83 154.41 63-64. 5,954.30 36,207.58 31,764.24 2,275.11 3,098.91 1,751.46 1,238.83 64-65... 65-66 31.33 26.22 181.87 231.75 46.20 52.20 116.20 1,005.95 221.92 1 037 28 66-67. 248 14 67-68. . 181.87 68-69. . . 231.75 69-70... 281.59 45.00 137.50 429.15 312.90 327.79 70-71.. . 866.77 2,006.11 705.54 5,456.39 20,579.54 3,505.31 1,470.17 1,000.00 856.15 1,722.92 2,006.11 705.54 5,456.39 20,579.54 3,505.31 1,470.17 5,857.33 97.20 71-72 253 70 72-73... 429.15 73-74. 291.55 90.13 116.25 100.00 100.00 100.00 . 604.45 74-75... 90.13 75-76... 116.25 76-77. 100.00 77-78... 4,857.33 100.00 78-79... 100.00 79-80. . . 80-81... 822.75 1,011.47 474.62 33.55 822.75 1,011.47 474.62 133.55 137.90 1,220.52 325.67 22.20 59.46 8,612.76 39,743.99 2,459.18 2,987.81 639.15 691.65 290.00 1,032.90 178.00 100.00 112.91 132.45 839.22 41.78 49.02 123.31 136.99 78.97 278.22 176.34 171.57 265.93 320.13 217.99 394.51 278.65 206.73 321.57 177.35 376.50 434.20 363.05 286.79 138.38 444.79 374.88 399.78 534.22 514.89 427.21 364.81 704.38 500.74 818.76 750.86 759.88 749.92 1,273.98 1,715.80 178.00 81-82... 100.00 82-83. 112 91 83-84... 100.00 137.90 1,152.96 296.62 22.20 59.46 8,136.96 38,358.09 1,523.55 814.31 38.30 132.45 84-85... 839.22 85-86... 67.56 29.05 41.78 86-87. . 49.02 87-88... 123.31 88-89. 136 99 89-90. 475.80 1,015.90 456.88 428.00 600.85 626.25 290.00 1,032.90 37 0.00 478.75 1,745.50 ' '65.40 480.07 2,866.66 334.63 559.04 90-91... 3,144.88 91-92. 510 97 92-93. 171.57 93-94. 265.93 94-95... 320.13 95-96. 533.70 250.37 42.21 263.44 162.91 93.64 240.11 28.15 269.64 117.40 261.20 41.26 14.80 24.60 751.69 96-97. . 644.88 97-98... 320.86 98-99... 80.0C 1,123.33 250.00 330.00 1,123.33 470.17 99-00. . . 4.70 489.18 00-01... 270.99 01-02... 539.51 539.51 836.50 763.30 616.61 02-03.. 836.50 462.35 03-04... 763.30 25.61 113.73 52.00 658.30 04-05... 569.92 05-06. 287.75 7,879.91 56,744.85 9,887.83 6,765.05 1,579.23 91.55 20.00 4,309.91 409.59 14,563'.54 287.75 7,879.91 56,744.85 9,887.83 7,176.07 3,038.43 1,245.66 20.00 4,531.12 484.59 3,561.73 14,563.54 399.58 06-07.. . 486.05 07-08... 2.52 392.20 08-09... 424.38 09-10... 411.02 1,031.87 1,459.20 122.24 2.00 505.10 253.08 550.00 10.00 187.64 92.56 196.84 547.93 738.80 621.81 61.50 9.41 ' 57 7. 94 445.18 583.57 121.53 262.65 544.22 10-11... 11-12... 12-13... 90.55 51.70 15.00 25.00 213.75 42.20 139.99 17.91 25.00 312.38 1,162.53 363.63 832.60 211.60 283.37 182.70 1,08 2. 13 60.00 681.50 1,114.87 1,734.00 1,518.22 13-14... 14-15... 15-16... 16-17... 1,854.60 221.21 75.00 1,707.13 2,557.09 2,753.56 2,098.55 1,849.91 17-18... 899.87 18-19... 100.00 100.00 4,500.00 135,679.56 9.00 146.61 134.78 121.88 386.19 9.86 350.02 72.18 1,994.60 19-20... 4,500.00 3,243.60 '23.00 1,814.88 20-21... 132,412.96 3,027.28 Totals.. 404,840.09 27,749.04 7,787.43 440,376.56 1,465.79 3,246.49 2,484.34 18,231.23 621.10 14,812.41 40,861.36 EXPENDITURES 181 Expenditures at Luther College for Sixty Years OPERATING EXPENDITURES ADMINISTRATION Pres., Dean, etc. 137.04 89.70 251.00 254.07 409.58 397.50 485.33 711.92 745.97 777.78 717.83 916.68 1,076.62 996.33 1,003.48 596.14 674.07 680.78 700.40 919.16 773.45 795.25 707.93 764.71 821.12 726.25 752.60 975.86 1,514.67 789.17 1,364.29 1,169.67 1,347.44 1,503.80 1,582.50 1,448.20 1,548.31 1,212.97 1,084.92 1,152.05 1,185.14 1,226.25 1,274.08 1,403.14 1,316.33 1,355.72 1,443.04 1,590.56 1,600.53 1,908.03 2,221.68 2,410.40 2,402.25 2,358.24 2,374.67 2,453.58 2,969.13 3,828.32 6,751.75 Librar- ian Printing and Advt. 14] Miscell. 1,165.00 1,000.00 916.67 1,000.00 897.25 1,295.73 862.50 862.50 900.00 900.00 750.00 787.50 800.00 570.00 357.42 750.00 900.00 975.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,075.00 1,100.00 947.85 1,427.15 1,375.00 1,300.00 1,300.00 1,300.00 1,225.05 1,200.00 1,200.00 1,275.00 1,300.00 1,300.00 1,300.00 1,300.00 1,300.00 1,300.00 1,300.00 1,300.00 1,300.00 1,300.00 1,300.00 1,241.66 1,200.00 1,200.00 1,300.00 1,300.00 1,300.00 4,039.65 9.00 5.50 279.40 231.70 222.67 237.88 232.24 288.35 532.08 374.34 319.27 489.76 249.51 428.98 233.16 722.09 417.29 602.59 683.79 448.19 613.05 532.05 725.26 939.24 1,110.39 2,996.52 80.15 140.00 120.00 85.00 605.25 95.00 75.00 ■ 85.00 406.50 150.00 348.00 594.50 100.00 489.00 287.50 Total 175.00 8.80 11.40 203.05 14.65 188.00 25.00 61.43 65.25 712.25 16.05 44.32 420.20 44.00 889.13 20.10 494.05 360.00 94.95 552.25 387.80 159.33 761.71 186.84 553.44 535.72 175.31 842.97 864.58 1,255.25 2,679.42 2,386.19 2,144.87 146.04 175.35 391.00 347.07 494.58 1,002.75 580.33 786.92 830.97 1,990.96 2,124.33 1,983.35 2,424.62 2,488.08 2,399.21 1,947.64 1,824.07 1,580.78 1,600.40 1,844.16 1,581.75 1,606.65 1,277.93 1,325.18 1,585.77 1,626.25 1,915.60 2,000.86 2,576.10 1,864.17 2,464.29 2,182.77 3,486.84 2,894.85 2,926.82 3,447.80 3,080.01 2,704.69 3,411.93 2,584.29 2,748.49 3,078.43 3,442.47 3,382.41 3,201.04 3,457.48 3,559.82 3,283.05 4,384.33 3,812.16 4,677.71 4,929.91 4,267.41 5,014.26 4,971.30 5,734.09 7,887.79 8,624.90 15,932.79 Instruction 152.27 564.27 2,259.00 2,286.58 3,686.17 3,577.50 4,367.92 4,737.73 4,587.44 4,768.47 5,460.47 6,019.46 6,457.55 8,069.67 7,735.55 4,502.77 5,204.13 5,227.02 5,403.60 7,522.47 6,173.53 6,357.25 5.801.33 6,525.01 6,640.04 5,636.25 5,798.40 5,572.83 5,848.25 4,655.00 5,946.10 4,890.15 6,937.84 6,205.70 7,046.03 6,944.45 7,302.26 8,274.13 8,564.27 10,320.50 9,400.00 9,736.25 10,166.67 11,328.30 10,546.92 10,901.45 11,687.32 13,014.99 13,104.73 15,872.22 18,695.14 20,393.58 20,378.59 20,024.15 20,158.48 15,482.21 20,122.15 27,854.89 40,901.44 General Expense 18 Total 76,649.38 58,295.93 13,984.48 20,994.21 169,924.00 543,798.86 557,454.24 1,271,177.10 58,454.57 1,888,318.27 654.64 1,187.35 2,467.20 4,030.00 6,234.21 8,497.72 6,077.37 9,334.71 9,316.52 10,792.30 9,593.94 8,931.14 8,860.90 11,299.77 14,399.28 17,339.14 16,250.83 11,228.90 9,438.01 11,246.29 9,609.84 9,765.94 11,716.05 10,407.01 8,566.67 8,784.97 7,615.98 8,299.16 10,634.58 12,129.00 15,820.00 13,810.01 18,088.88 14,334.74 12,449.17 5,032.18 4,620.70 4,074.99 3,956.53 3,766.78 4,671.09 6,592.15 6,576.39 5,668.11 6.350.55 5,572.65 6,810.38 6,806.11 6.938.20 6,723.28 7,760.92 9,399.33 9,071.57 8,874.04 9,331.81 10,093.64 8,809.13 12,843.19 18,758.74 29,139.56 Total 19 654.64 1,485.66 3,206.82 6,680.00 8,894.86 12,678.47 10,657.62 14,282.96 14,841.17 16,210.71 16,353.37 16,515.94 16.863.71 20,181.94 24.957.03 27,473.90 22.701.24 18,257.10 16,245.81 18.250.29 18.976.47 17,521.22 19,679.95 17.486.29 16.416.86 17.010.78 14,878.48 16,013.16 18,208.27 20,553.35 22,339.17 22,220.40 25,161.80 24,759.42 21.549.72 15,005.03 15,012.95 14,457.26 14,935.35 15,742.98 17,575.88 18,740.64 19.391.07 19,277.25 21,061.26 19,320.61 21,169.31 22,053.25 23,236.24 24,212.34 27,445.30 32,772.18 34,395.06 33,520.04 34,370.22 35,223.42 30,025.43 40,853.13 55,238.53 85,973.79 Student Aid 564.07 785.95 2,518.85 2,383.12 2,501.15 2,903.19 3,041.67 3,176.76 1,298.60 453.65 837.75 1,368.97 1,779.73 1,125.44 1,249.07 1,109.15 1,258.69 1,237.12 1,048.29 1,121.75 661.05 809.32 661.05 767.13 822.92 595.17 629.93 370.52 308.09 529.88 442.95 375.84 650.54 603.39 590.00 427.95 171.75 496.40 422.35 816.90 439.73 816.08 1,692.90 1,515.64 1,371.33 1,763.67 1,190.86 1,334.16 1,322.00 291.00 1,110.00 206.64 2,484.46 Total Expenditures 21 654.64 3,012.93 12,216.73 43,620.13 41.794.08 15,244.22 13,938.40 94,278.92 15,954.91 20,549.68 20,996.30 20,151.78 25,827.74 43,893.28 31,755.35 30,342.67 29,112.22 19,194.85 17,614.78 21,030.77 21,213.38 19,357.82 21,055.10 19,722.10 18,916.28 18,433.76 16,145.74 16,870.66 28,189.39 64,103.27 26,076.45 26,202.70 26,662.05 26,401.13 22,961.93 16,990.90 15,863.69 15,700.38 16,923.70 16,664.51 19.335.39 20.629.49 21,240.62 20,018.92 22,244.99 28,108.92 79,123.26 32,805.19 31,772.61 30,058.54 31,940.60 35,681.73 43,246.94 37.949.05 41.364.66 52.958.87 31,216.30 44,057.73 61,760.05 227,165.09 182 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Expenditures at Luther College for Sixty Years PER CAPITA OPERATING EXPENDITURES AND PER CAPITA SYNODICAL COI sfTRIBUl TONS Per Capita Per Capita Total No. of Members of Expenditures Income from Contribution by Contribution Year Operating Expenditures Students Synod Per Student in dollars Per Member in cents Students Synod Per Student in dollars Per Member in cents Col. No. 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 61-62. 654.64 16 13,400 40.92 4.9 611.25 43.39 2.71 0.3 62-63... 1,485.66 34 16,700 43.70 8.9 1,150.00 335.66 9.87 2.0 63-64. . . 3.206,82 51 20,000 62.88 16.0 1,725.00 1,481.82 29.06 7.4 64-65.. . 6,680.00 58 23,500 115.17 28.4 2,090.00 4,590.00 79.14 19.5 65-66... 8,894.86 81 28,000 109.81 31.8 4,057.50 4,837.36 59.72 17.3 66-67... 12,678.47 83 32,900 152.75 38.5 4,260.00 8,418.47 101.43 25.6 67-68.. . 10,657.62 73 38,000 145.99 28.1 3,986.00 6,671.62 91.39 17.6 68-69... 14,282.96 106 43,900 134.74 32.5 5,628.50 8,654.46 81.65 19.7 69-70... 14,841.17 122 50,148 121.65 29.6 6,089.88 8,751.29 71.73 17.5 70-71... 16,210.71 147 57,800 110.28 28.1 8,597.55 7,613.16 51.79 13.2 71-72... 16,353.37 147 66,800 111.25 24.5 7,991.08 8,362.29 56.89 12.5 72-73... 16,515.94 159 77,415 103.88 21.3 7,565.10 8,950.84 56.29 11.6 73-74.. . 16,863.71 190 94,775 88.76 17.8 8,424.29 8,439.42 44.42 8.9 74-75... 20,181.94 229 102,001 88,13 19.8 10,471.46 9,710.48 42.40 9.5 75-76... 24,957.03 217 110,871 115.01 22.5 9,983.38 14,973.65 69.01 13.5 76-77... 27,473.90 181 115,000 151.79 23.9 9,750.57 17,723.33 43.78 15.4 77.78... 22,701.24 189 119,500 120.11 19.0 10,717.79 11,983.45 63.40 10.0 78-79... 18,257.10 173 123,500 105.53 14.8 9,229.97 9,027.13 52.18 7.3 79-80... 16,245.81 159 127,255 102.17 12.8 9,358.72 6,887.09 43.32 5.4 80-81... 18,250.29 165 132,000 110.61 13.8 10,633.49 7,616.80 46.16 5.8 81-82... 18,976.47 145 137,500 139.87 13.8 8,517.82 10,458.65 72.13 7.6 82-83... 17,521.22 137 144,272 127.89 12.1 9,524.30 7,996.92 58.37 5.5 83-84... 19,679.95 166 144,100 118.55 13.7 11,462.48 8,217.47 49.50 5.7 84-85... 17,486.29 143 144,000 122.28 12.1 9,036.23 8,450.06 59.09 5.9 85-86... 16,416.86 131 143,885 125.32 11.4 8,387.15 8,029.71 60.83 5.6 86-87... . 17,010.78 133 127,200 127.90 13.5 8,705.96 8,304.82 62.44 6.5 87-88... 14,878.48 118 110,600 126.09 13.5 7.920.60 6,957.88 58.97 6.3 88-89. . . 16,013.16 135 93,921 118.62 17.1 7.745.C4 8,268.12 61.25 8.8 89-90... 18,208.27 145 98,912 125.57 18.4 7,981.16 10,210.11 70.41 10.3 90-91... 20,553.35 206 98,400 99,77 20.9 12,139.23 8,414.12 40.85 8.6 91-92... 22,339.17 213 97,968 104.88 22.7 15,981.19 6,357.98 29.85 6.5 92-93... 22,220.40 188 101,100 118.19 22.0 12,798.54 9,421.86 50.12 9.3 93-94... 25,161.80 182 104,300 138.25 24.1 12,922.84 12,238.96 67.25 11.7 94-95.. . 24,759.42 187 107,442 139.88 23.4 12,993.55 11,765.87 62.92 11.0 95-96... 21,549.72 200 110,300 107.75 19.5 13,568.39 7,981.33 39.91 7.2 96-97.. . 15,005.03 192 113,100 78.15 13.3 6,285.81 8,719.22 45.41 7.7 97-98... 15,012.95 192 117,226 78.19 12.8 7,474.09 7.538.86 39.26 6.4 98-99... 14,457.26 198 120,900 73.02 12.0 8.766.66 5,690.60 28.74 4.7 99-00. . . 14,935.35 194 126,800 76.99 11.8 7.280.22 7,655.13 39.46 6.0 00-01... 15,742.98 207 133,623 76.05 11.8 7,455.57 8,287.41 •40.04 6.2 01-02... 17,575.88 197 135,600 89.22 13.0 7,326.62 10,249.26 52.03 7.6 02-03... 18,740.64 203 137,500 92.32 13.6 7,961.84 10.778.80 53.09 7.8 03-04... 19,391.07 193 139,430 100.47 13.9 7,208.54 12,182.53 63.12 8.7 04-05... 19,277.25 198 139,900 102.54 13.8 7,251.73 12,025.52 60.74 8.6 05-06. 21,061.26 211 141,900 99.82 14.8 7,847.70 13,213.56 62.62 9.3 06-07.. . 19,320.61 174 143,135 111.04 13.5 6,340.80 12,979.81 74.60 9.1 07-08... 21,169.31 187 143,900 113.21 14.7 7,484.55 13,684.76 73.18 9.5 08-09. 22,053.25 191 144,000 115,46 15.3 8,432.67 13,620.58 71.31 9.5 09-10.. . 23,236.24 169 143,819 137.49 18.2 8,155.35 15.080.89 89.24 10.5 10-11.. . 24,212.34 181 145,000 133.77 16.7 8,880.92 15,331.42 84.70 10.6 11-12.! '. 27,445.30 214 148,000 128.25 18.5 10,551.40 16,893.90 78.94 11.4 12-13.. . 32,772.18 213 150,504 153.86 21.8 10,717.68 22,054.50 103.54 14.7 13-14... 34,395.06 208 152,500 165.36 22.6 11,245.85 23,149.21 111.29 15.1 14-15.. . 33,520.04 207 152,800 170.05 21.9 10,676.61 22,843.43 110.35 15.0 15-16... 34,370.22 207 152,160 166.04 22.6 12,201.67 22,168.55 107.09 14.6 16-17.. . 35,223.42 170 151,192 207.20 23.3 10,916.38 24,307.04 142.98 16.6 17-18... 30,025.43 130 403,634 230.96 7.4 7,481.15 22,544.28 173.42 5.1 18-19.. . 40,853.13 241 410,824 169.52 9.9 7,801.56 33,051.57 137.14 8.1 19-20.. 55.238.53 217 401,734 254.56 13.8 15,060.04 40,178.49 185.15 10.0 20-21... 85,973.79 254 401,786 338.48 21.4 28,793.81 57.179.98 225.12 14.2 Total. . 1,271,177.10 531,622.23 739,554.8,7 CHAPTER TEN THE FIELD OF LUTHER COLLEGE H. O. Talle I. Location and Boundaries of Field THE northern half of Northwest Territory and of Louisiana Purchase has always been the region from which Luther Col- lege has gotten the majority of its students. That fact is not strange. The great bulk of Norwegian population is found in this region. Since the Scandinavian countries enjoy the distinc- tion of holding first honors in literacy in the whole worlds it is but natural that the immigrants from that quarter of Europe should be concerned about the education of their children. These im- migrants were a God-fearing people. It is therefore only natural that they should desire that their sons be trained in the Christian doctrine and for the Lord's work. Accordingly, Luther College was founded to serve especially the people of Norwegian birth and of Lutheran faith in America. The field of Luther College has never been limited to any part or locality of the Church. There are five reasons for this: first, it is the pioneer school of the former Norwegian Synod; second, it was the only boys' school of the Norwegian Synod, as it is of the new church body to which it now belongs; third, it was founded as a pro-seminary school to serve the whole Church; fourth, it is, as it always has been, uniquely classical, and rightly so, if it is to be a real pro-seminary school; and fifth, it has always been supported by a synod, and as a synodical school its appeal has been to a field as wide as that of the synod which has gov- erned it. For these reasons it can truly be said that the field of Luther College is, and always has been, identical with the constituency of the synod which has supported it, specifically, and with the Norwegian people in America, generally. The expansion of the field of Luther College cannot be ac- counted for without reference to that unparalleled phenomenon in our history — the Westward Movement. New acquisitions of land had increased our national domain from less than a million square miles in 1790 to almost 3,000,000 square miles in 1860. By far the greater part of this new territory lay west of the Mississippi. THE FIELD OF LUTHER COLLEGE 185 Small wonder then that this land of promise and opportunity should call many immigrants from the Northland. And small wonder too that the Norwegian immigrants, who have always eagerly grasped opportunities to acquire land, should answer the call of the far-flung prairies of the Northwest, where the major portion of the Norwegian population of our country is found to- day. The Norwegian immigrants who settled in these parts were in truth pioneers. The first white settlers came to Winneshiek County in 1848, not much over a decade before the founding of Luther College. It was a Norwegian Lutheran pastor, the Rev. Nils O. Brandt, who performed the marriage ceremony of the first white couple to be married in Winneshiek County. That was in 1851. Marvelous has been the development of this section of the United States since that day. The frontier line in 1860 ran west through central Michigan and Wisconsin, and into central Minnesota, where it turned south- ward and, except for points in Kansas and Texas, did not go west of the 97th meridian. Extension of settlements was just begun beyond the Missouri River. The pioneer farmer was dis- placing the herdsman, even as the herdsman had already displaced the hunter and trapper. In their movement westward, the immi- grants followed the rivers wherever they could. In fact, transporta- tion was largely by water throughout our whole country in 1860. There were but 30,626 miles of railroad, only 6 per cent of which was west of the Mississippi, despite the fact that railroads touched that river at ten different points then. The "Encyclopedia Americana" gives our aggregate length of mileage in 1917 as 265,000 in round numbers, or about two-fifths of that of the entire world. The first trans-continental railroad was not completed before 1869. Connection with the Pacific by telegraph was not established until 1861. The National Bank Act was passed in 1863, in an effort to bring order out of chaos in monetary matters in our country. Only 4,536,475 people lived west of the Mississip- pi, or one-seventh of our population at that time. Greater New York has now 1,083,573 more than that. Now, 31,689,445 live west of the Mississippi, or 30% of our total population. More people live west of the Mississippi today than were found in our whole country in 1860. Most of the people lived on farms. Only 16.1% of the people lived in cities of 8,000 or more. Consequent- ly, 83.9% of our entire population was rural, although it should be said that many towns of less than 8,000 people had distinct urban characteristics. This condition will soon be reversed. The farms were large, the average being 199.2 acres as against 138.1 186 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS acres in 1910. The cities were small. In 1860 only 9 cities had a population of 100^000 or more; only lil had a population of 8,000 or more. In 1920 these had increased to 68 and 924 re- spectively. 20 of these 68 are west of the Mississippi. Chicago was a city of 109,260 people; Detroit, of 45,610; Cleveland, of 43,410; and Milwaukee, of 45,240, in 1860. Six Chicagos of that day could find room in present day Minneapolis and St. Paul. The Twin Cities have a population equal to 13 Milwaukees of 1860 with a remainder as large as was the population of Port- land, Maine, in the year that Luther College was founded. De- troit is now our fourth largest city, and yet 13 Detroits of 1860 could be placed in the modern Twin Cities and leave room for Fargo, North Dakota. But the Twin Cities were small in 1860. Minneapolis had 2,564 people and St. Paul had 10,401. Modern Decorah could include Minneapolis of 1860 and still have room for a town of 1,500 inhabitants. The rate of postage was deter- mined largely by distance, 1, 3, 5, 10, and 12 cents being the rates authorized. Only 216,370,600 ordinary postage stamps, or 7 per capita, were used in 1860. A postal bulletin for May, 1922, gives the number of stamps used in one fiscal year now as 14,000, 000,000; the number of stamped envelopes, as 2,700,000,000; and the number of postal cards, as 1,125,000,000, a total of 17,825, 000,000, or 170 per capita. The postal revenue per capita in 1861 was $.26; in 1921, it was $4.28. The number of people per square mile in 1860 and in 1920 is shown in the following table for the four states which were the actual field of Luther College in the year of its birth : TABLE I I860 1920 Iowa 12.1 43.2 Illinois 30.6 115.7 Minnesota 2.1 29.5 Wisconsin 14.0 47.6 United States 10.6 35.5 The Dakotas were a territory in 1860 and had less than one- tenth of one person per square mile. North Dakota has now 9.2 persons per square mile and South Dakota has 8.3. Thus it is seen that time has wrouglit many changes during these sixty years. And it may be truthfully said that the development of the great Northwest into an important grain and mineral-producing area is in no small measure due to the tireless toil of the Norwegian immigrant farmer. To the pioneer preacher is no less credit due. Such names as Brandt, Koren, and Preus must forever be associ- ated with the development of our country in the upper Mississippi Valley. THE FIELD OF LUTHER COLLEGE 187 Since Luther College was founded by the Synod for the Nor- wegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, its constituency in 1861 was the congregations of that church body. These con- gregations were located in four states, Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota. A glance at Map I will reveal that southern Wisconsin had by far the greater part of these, or equal to two- thirds of the total. In northeastern Iowa, where Luther College was located in 1862, there were only 13 congregations in 1860. There were but 1 in Illinois, and 22 in Minnesota. But Wisconsin had 76, making a total of 115 for these 4 states. It is true that MAP I. FIELD OF LUTHER COLLEGE IN 1860 the real total was 118, because New York had one congregation and Missouri had two, but they could not be counted on for sup- port with any degree of assurance. It became the duty of the congregations in four states then to build and maintain Luther College. By referring to Table II the reader may note the number of congregations the College has had to depend upon, in 1860, in 1880, in 1906, in 1917 when the merger of the three Lutheran church bodies which now constitute the Norwegian Lu- theran Church of America took place, and in 1920 when that merger had existed for three years and Luther College was en- tering upon its sixtieth year. 188 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS When one notes that there were only 16 students in attendance at Luther College in the year of its founding at Halfway Creek parsonage^ La Crosse County, Wisconsin, the conclusion may be drawn that the 115 congregations which supported it were a very slender reed on which to lean. But it must be remembered that the College was founded under the rather unfavorable conditions that have been mentioned above, that the stirring days of civil strife were at hand, that it entailed no small sacrifice to attend college in those times, and that an infant college, like an infant industry, must weather its childhood before it inspires the con- fidence of the majority. TABLE II CONGREGATIONS OF THE SYNOD FOR THE NORWEGIAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH IN AMERICA, 1860-1917, AND FOR THE NORWEGIAN LUTHERAN CHURCH OF AMERICA, 1920 United States: Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Illinois Missouri New York North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas . California Michigan Texas Indiana : . . . . Ohio Oregon New Jersey Maryland Washington Idaho Maine Pennsylvania Massachusetts Montana Colorado Tennessee Utah Virginia Alaska District of Columbia . . . New Hampshire Oklahoma Wyoming 1860 1880 1906 1917 1920 Canada: Quebec Manitoba Ontario British Columbia. Saskatchewan . . . . Alberta 76 16- 147 156 391 22 22: 302 317 790 13 9 58 57 204 4 2; 14 22 19 2 4 1 1 1 5 5 6 11 34 181 234 615 46 59 80 290 23 16 14 21 12 2 1 6 1 18 11 16 8 17 16 32 7 8 9 10 4 2 3 4 2 4 4 4 7 9 25 3 3 4 4 2 1 47 55 94 1 7 3 14 1 1 1 3 3 24 51 120 7 9 1 "2 2 1 "i 7 1 1 1 1 J 5 10 3 8 I 2 5 11 1 2 17 23 7 123 93 Total . 2935 (The field of Luther College embraced 6 states in 1860; 23 states and 3 provinces in Canada- in 1880 and 1907; 24 states, Alaska, Dist. of Columbia, and 5 provinces in Canada, in 1917; 27 states, Alaska, Dist. of Columbia, and 5 provinces in Canada, in 1920.) THE FIELD OF LUTHER COLLEGE 189 TABLE III CONGREGATIONS BY COUNTIES IN STATES THAT WERE THE FIELD OF LUTHER COLLEGE IN 1860 AND 1880 WISCONSIN 1860 1880 IOWA 1860 1880 2 2 4 17 2 3 1 1 Jefferson Cherokee 1 Lafayette 2 2 Kossuth 3 1 1 5 5 Palo Alto 2 Rock Wright 2 Walworth 3 3 Clay 1 Columbia 6 8 Howard 3 1 1 2 Waukesha 1 1 Hancock 4 Ozaukee I 1 Polk 1 Fond du Lac 1 1 Sioux 1 Iowa 3 4 _ Manitowoc 3 4 Total 13 91 Winnebago 1 1 Adams 1 1 Vernon 5 10 MINNESOTA 1860 1880 Waushara 1 1 Fillmore 7 14 Crawford 1 2 Mower 4 6 Juneau 1 3 Houston 4 6 Waupaca 1 1 Goodhue 1 8 Grant 1 1 Olmsted 1 2 Green 4 4 Dakota 1 1 Pierce 1 5 Nicollet 1 3 La Crosse 5 9 Waseca 1 5 Jackson 1 7 McLeod 1 1 Portage i 4 Freeborn 1 10 2 8 t 4 1 2 Rice 5 St. Croix 7 Sauk Watonwan 4 Trempealeau 2 15 Faribault 7 Sheboygan 1 1 Meeker 1 1 2 Steele Brown 3 Richland . 3 Chippewa 1 Jackson 5 Burnett 1 Douglas 6 Monroe 4 Hennepin 3 Eau Claire 2 5 1 Buffalo Pope 10 Oconto 1 Ramsey 1 Polk 2 Stearns 1 Shawano 4 Blue Earth 5 Wood 1 7 Renville 6 Barron Stevens 5 Clark 1 Grant 7 Marathon 1 Lac qui Parle 3 Taylor 1 1 Otter Tail 13 7 Becker 5 Total 76 167 Clay 6 Cottonwood 2 Swift 4 IOWA 18( 50 1880 Chippewa 4 Winneshiek 2 10 Dodge 3 Allamakee 2 6 Wabasha 1 Clayton 2 3 Winona 2 Mitchell 1 Big Stone 1 Story 2 3 Lyon 4 Chickasaw 1 3 Murray 2 Worth 3 9 Norman 10 Clinton 2 Polk 4 Emmet 5 Rock 4 Winnebago 7 Sibley 1 Iowa 1 Washington 1 Humboldt 2 Benton 1 Buena Vista 4 Lincoln 2 Lyon 2 1 Martin . . 1 Poweshiek Redwood 2 Hamilton 3 2 Wilkin Wadena 1 Monona 1 Webster 3 Woodbury 1 Total 22 221 Franklin 2 190 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS TABLE III— Cont. SOUTH DAKOTA Union Clay Yankton Lincoln Minnehaha Brookings Deuel Moody Hamlin Grant Hanson Kingsbury Lake Roberts Codington Total ILLINOIS Cook Boone Winnebago Lee La Salle McHenry Livingston Grundy Iroquois Kankakee Sangamon Will 1860 1 1 1 1 Total. MISSOURI St. Louis Buchanan De Kalb 1860 1 1 Total. NEW YORK New York Kings Essex Erie 1860 1 Total. NEBRASKA Douglas Cuming Washington Cedar Dixon Lancaster Cass. . . . ; Dodge Madison Colfax Stanton Furnas Webster Nance Custer Howard Knox Frontier Total. NEW JERSEY Middlesex Gloucester 1880 1 6 3 6 7 6 4 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 46 1880 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1880 2 1 1 1880 1 Total. NORTH DAKOTA 1880 Cass 8 Richland 6 Traill 7 Barnes 1 Walsh 3 Grand Forks : 5 Steele 1 Pembina 1 Ransom 2 Total 34 OREGON 1880 Multnomah 1 Clackamas 2 Clatsop 1 Total : 4 MAINE 1880 Cumberland 1 OHIO 1880 Cuyahoga 2 Mahoning 1 Summit 1 Total 4 WASHINGTON 1880 Snohomish 1 INDIANA 1880 Marion 1 Newton 2 Benton 1 Total 4 MARYLAND 1880 Baltimore 2 PENNSYLVANIA 1880 Erie 1 TEXAS 1880 Kaufman 1 Bosque 1 Henderson 1 Anderson 1 Travis 1 Limestone 1 McLennan 1 Total 7 CALIFORNIA 1880 San Francisco 1 Alameda 4 Fresno , 1 Monterey 1 Napa 1 San Mateo 1 Santa Cruz 1 Stanislaus 1 Total 11 MICHIGAN 1880 Muskegon 2 Alpena 1 Leelanau 2 Huron 1 Bay City 1 Kent 1 Total 8 THE FIELD OF LUTHER COLLEGE 191 KANSAS Republic Brown Doniphan Greenwood. . . . Clay Atchison Jewell Cloud McPherson . . . . Norton 1880 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 IDAHO Latah CANADA Manitoba Ontario Quebec Total. 1880 1 1880 6 2 2 10 Total. The number of congregations that were in each county in the states where the former Norwegian Synod was active in the years 1860 and 1880 is shown in Table III. These facts have been ar- rived at by noting the date of founding of eacli congregation MAP II. FIELD OF LUTHER COLLEGE IN 18 listed in the "Norsk-Lutherske Menigheter i Amerika", Volumes I and II, with the aid of the work, "Norsk-Lutherske Prester i Amerika". The data for 1906 were taken from the report of the U. S. Census entitled "Religious Bodies, 1906", and for the years 1917 and 1920, from the "Lutheran World Almanac". It is inter- esting to note that Winneshiek County, Iowa, increased its number from 2 in 1860 to 10 in 1880; that Dane County, Wisconsin, led with 14 in I860; that Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, increased its number from 2 in 1860 to 15 in 1880; and that Freeborn County, 192 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Minnesota, had only 1 in 1860 but 10 in 1880. Wisconsin soon yielded first honors to Minnesota in the number of congregations, as the great Westward Movement caught the Norwegians in its sweep, and that state has continued to be the hub of the Norwegian Lutheran Church. When President Lincoln signed the Homestead Bill in 1862, it became comparatively easy to acquire land. The constituency of the Norwegian Lutheran Church is now, and always has been, largely rural. In 1907 the Norwegian Church distribution was as follows: city — 8 per cent, town — 23 per cent, and rural — 69 MAP III. FIELD OF LUTHEK COLLEGE IN 1906 per cent. The cheap land was therefore eagerly taken, and it may be noted on Map II that Luther College was soon to find itself on the outskirts of its constituency. In their advance west- ward the Norwegian immigrants followed such rivers as the Minnesota, the Missouri, and the Red River of the North. Minnesota had in 1880 (see Table II) 221 congregations, or over a hundred more than had the entire Synod in 1860. All of these were west of a line drawn from the southeast corner of the state to the northwest corner. Wisconsin had 167; Iowa, 91; and Il- linois, 22, in 1880. Great progress was made in the Dakotas, in Kansas, in Nebraska, and in California. The total number of congregations in 1880 was 683. Ten of these were in Canada, leaving 673 for the United States. These 673 were in 23 states of our Union. A good beginning had been made in Texas, which THE FIELD OF LUTHER COLLEGE 193 had 7 congregations. Scarcely a county in southern Minnesota lacked a congregation, and by far the greater number had more than three. During this score of years the constituency of Lu- ther College expanded to no small degree. The Norwegian Synod spread its influence in all directions, but especially toward the west. It was active in 17 states where it had no congregations twenty years earlier. Only six of these, including Pennsylvania, border on the Atlantic. Such was the progress, despite the grass- hopper pest and money panic of the 70's, forces which keenly affect a rural population. MAP IV. FIELD OF LUTHER COLLEGE IN 1917 In 1906 the number of congregations in Minnesota (see Table II) had increased to 302; North Dakota, which had climb- ed to second place, had 181; Wisconsin had 147; while Wash- ington, which had only 1 in 1880, had 47 in 1906; and Montana, where no congregations were in existence in 1880, had 24 in 1906. The sphere of activity had been increased to embrace 940 congregations. The decrease in the states of Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois, Nebraska and Kansas was caused by the division in the Norwegian Synod which took place in the 80's. But the de- crease in tliose states was more than compensated for by the rapid strides made in the western states. (See Map III). Eleven years later (1917) occurred the merger of three Lu- theran church bodies, the Hauge Synod; the United Lutheran Church; and the Norwegian Synod. The data given in Table II 194 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS for the year 1917 are for the Norwegian Synod only. It is clear that the impetus of a decade earlier continued with unabated vigor. Minnesota had 317 congregations; North Dakota, 234; South Dakota, 80; Washington, 55; Montana, 51; and in Can- ada, Saskatchewan had 17, and Alberta had 23. The field of Luther College had been increased so as to embrace 1,119 congre- gations located in 2'1< states, in District of Columbia, in Alaska, and in Canada. But the mainstay of the College was then, as before, the great Northwest. (See Map IV). In 1920 Minnesota had 790 congregations; North Dakota, 615; Wisconsin, 391; South Dakota, 290; Iowa, 204; and Mon- MAP V. FIELD OF LUTHER COLLEGE IN 1020 tana, 120. It will be noted that the merger occasioned consider- able increase in the states where there was a decrease in the 80's. The total number of congregations in the Church in 1920 was 2,935. Map V shows their distribution by states, as do Maps III and IV for the years 1906 and 1917. Thus it is seen that the constant siiifting of population westward has had the effect of leaving the College in the southeast corner of its constituency. II. Norwegian Population in this Field It is estimated that there are now 2,213,922 people of Nor- wegian extraction in our country. The number was very much smaller in 1860. The estimated figure is 50,000. Table IV gives THE FIELD OF LUTHER COLLEGE 195 approximate data regarding Norwegian population in the field of Luther College by decades: TABLE IV TOTAL NORWEGIAN POPULATION IN U. S., BY DECADES, 1860—1920 Born in First Second Third Year Norway Generation Generation Generation Total 1860 43,995 5,800* 205* 50,000* 1870 114,246 33,000* 2,654* 150,000* 1880 181,729 150,000* 18,000* 211* 350,000* 1890 322,665 273,466 175,000* 13,879* 785,000* 1900 338,665 449,410 350,000* 75,000* 1,213,175* . 1910 403,858 575,241 734,322* 244,777* 1,958.198* 1920 363,862 520,322 797,842* 531,896* 2,213,922* *Estimated. Other figures are from U. S. Census. Nearly 80% of this population is found in the states of Minne- sota, Wisconsin, North Dakota, Illinois, Iowa, and South Da- kota, ranking in the order named. Minnesota alone has 30% of the Norwegians in the United States. Table V gives the popu- lation and the percentage of the total, in the states named above: TABLE V TOTAL NORWEGIAN POPULATION: U. S. CENSUS (1906) State Population Percentage Minne,=ota 524,475 30 % of total in U. S. Wisconsin 307,875 17.57o of total in U. S. North Dakota 151.030 8.6% of total in U. S. Illinois 149,895 8.5% of total in U. S. Iowa 128,170 7.3% of total in U. S. South Dakota 98,940 5.5% of total in U. S. Total 1,360,385 77.4% of total in U. S. III. Church Population in this Field It has been shown above that there are today 2,213,922 peo- ple of Norwegian extraction in the United States. In 1920 there were five Norwegian Lutheran Synods in America — the Norwegian Lutheran Church, with 425,065 members; the Lutheran Free Church, with 45,000 members; the Eielsen Synod, with 1,600 members; the Church of the Lutheran Brethren, with 2,000 mem- bers; and the Norwegian Synod of the American Evangelical Lutheran Church, with 6,425 members. The average size of the congregations in the Norwegian Lutheran Church was 145 mem- bers, in 1920. The church constituency of Luther College is then numerically about one-fifth of the estimated total Norwegian population in the United States. 196 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS TABLE Vr COMPETING COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES IN STATES OF GREATEST NOR- WEGIAN POPULATION. TABLE BASED ON U. S. BUREAU OF EDUCATION BULLETIN No. 34, 1920 No. of No. of No. of Publicly Private- Lu- No. of No. of sup- ly theran No. of Catho- No. of No. of Colleges ported sup- Colleges Norw. lic Re- Non- STATE and Colleges ported and Lu- Colleges formed Sect- Remarks Univer- and Colleges Profes- theran and and arian sities Univer- and sional Colleges Univer- Other Colleges sities Univer- Schools sities Colleges sities Idaho 3 2 1 1 1 jr. col. Illinois .... 41 2 39 4 2 21 12 2 jr. col. 10 prof. sch. Iowa 24 3 21 4 **2 1 *11 5 **3 jr. col. 1 prof. sch. Michigan . . 16 5 11 1 7 3 2 jr. col. 3 prof. sch. Minnesota . 17 3 14 *5 *2 3 4 2 2 jr. col. 4 prof. sch. Montana.. . 3 4 12 9 3 2 2 3 2 10 6 *2 *2 1 8 3 1 2 1 No. Dakota Oregon .... So. Dakota. **1 jr.col. ■ Texas 15 3 12 10 2 4 jr. col. 2 prof. sch. Washington 6 2 4 *„2 *l!9 1 1 **2 jr. col. Wisconsin. . 10 1 9 **2 *n 1 3 3 1 prof. sch. **^1 jr. col. Total. . . .. 160 31 129 19 **9 9 69 32 *(,Concordia College, Minn.; Augustana College, S. Dak.; Upper Iowa University. Iowa, are not listed in U. S. Bureau of Education Bulletin No. 34, 1920, but have been added here.) **(The following Norwegian Lutheran junior colleges have also been added: Waldorf College. Forest City, Iowa; Canton Normal School, Canton, S. Dak.; Pacific Lutheran College, Parkland, Washington; Spokane College, Spokane, Washington; and Central Wisconsin College, Scandinavia, Wisconsin.) IV. Competing Schools in this Field But Luther College is not the only Lutheran college serving this constituency. Table VI, which has been compiled from in- formation given in Bureau of Education Bulletin No. 34, 1920, with data collected in 1917-18, shows that there are in the 12 states where the majority of Norwegians are found a total of 19 Lutheran colleges and professional schools. Among these 9 are Norwegian Lutheran colleges, 5 of which are junior colleges. These 9 colleges are: Luther College, Decorah, Iowa; St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minn. ; Concordia College, Moorhead, Minn. ; Augustana College, Sioux Falls, S. Dak.; all of full college grade; and Waldorf College, Forest City, Iowa; Canton Normal School, Canton, S. Dak. ; Pacific Lutheran College, Parkland, Wash. ; Spokane College, Spokane, Wash. ; and Central Wisconsin College, Scandinavia, Wis., all junior colleges. Nine colleges for a popula- tion of 425,065 are not too many, if those who should attend these schools really attend them. In 1913 there were 7,685,618 people in the United States between the ages 19 and 22 — of college age. 201,230 attended college. That is, 1 out of 38 of college age at- tended college. Only 1 Norwegian out of 108 of college age at- THE FIELD OF LUTHER COLLEGE 197 tended a Norwegian college. Of the Norwegians who did go to college 18% attended Norwegian Lutheran colleges, 82% attended other colleges. In 1913 there were 7,624,153 people between the ages 15 and 18, of high school age. 1,366,822 of these attended some secondary school. That is, 1 out of 6. Only 1 Norwegian out of 49 attended a Norwegian academy. Of the Norwegians who did go to secondary schools, 12% attended Norwegian Lutheran academies, 88% attended public high schools. In 1920 the estimated Norwegian population of college age was 172,686 and the estimated population of college age within the Norwegian Lu- theran Church was 33,155. Notwithstanding that there are four Norwegian Lutheran colleges — Luther, St. Olaf, Concordia and Augustana — competing for patronage, there are evidently students enough for each school. In 1920 the estimated Norwegian pop- ulation of academy age was 174,899, and the estimated popula- tion of academy age within the Norwegian Lutheran Church was 33,580. Notwithstanding that the Norwegian Lutheran Church has 18 academies taking care of this field, they could have from 2,000 to 10,000 students each. These 18 schools are, in the order of their foundation: Augustana (1860), Luther College Prepara- tory (1861), Red Wing Seminary (1879), Luther Academy (1888), Central Wisconsin College (1890), Concordia College (1891), Madison Normal (1892), Park Region College (1892), Jewell College (1893), Pacific College (1894), Pleasant View College (1896), Clifton College (1897), Gale College (1901), Waldorf College (1903), Spokane College (1907), Camrose College (1911), Outlook College (1915), and Canton Normal (1920). There is everywhere a growing conception as to educational needs. Civilization keeps on growing in complexity. Industrial life becomes more and more specialized. The greater complex- ity and specialization demand a more extended and specialized training. The length of the school life of the average person has increased from a total of 82 days in 1800 to a total of over 1,200 days in 1920. The high school has become the people's college. The number of youth that attend high schools has in- creased by leaps and bounds. In 1890 only 5 per 1,000 attended secondary schools, public or private. In 1910, 12.3 per 1,000 were in attendance; in 1918, 19.1 per 1,000. There has also been an increase in college attendance. In 1890 the college attendance was 72,460, or 1 out of 868 of the population; in 1900, the col- lege attendance was 115,271, or 1 out of 659 of the population; in 1910, the college attendance was 184,712, or 1 out of 498; in 1918, the college attendance was 290,106, or 1 out of 355. 198 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS There is every reason to believe that the attendance at high schools and colleges will increase still more. In 1913 Congress appointed a National Commission on Vocational Education. This commission reported that in 1910 not one per cent of the people engaged in agriculture, manufacturing, and mechanical pursuits had been trained for their callings. The commission advocated that each person should be given three years of secondary school training, or five years more training than the average man at present has received. If the dreams of the educators are ever realized, every youth will get at least a secondary school educa- tion. As a financial investment, it has been proved that it pays to "train up a child in the way he should go." The average cost of a man's education in the United States has been estimated by Sar- gent ("American Private Schools, 1922") to be $252. The aver- age cost of the education through the high school is $515. The difference between the two is $263. At 21 the average person has a prospect of living until 65. If the additional cost of educa- tion — $263 — is distributed over the l-i years of life before him, it will amount to about $6 a year. The U. S. Bureau of Educa- tion has issued a bulletin showing the money value of education. From this we quote merely the statement that "every day spent in school pays the child Nine Dollars". Since the people are awakening more and more to see the financial gain, as well as the cultural value of a higher education, there will always be a large field of usefulness for Luther College. It is a thoroughly American school and can serve the general public as well as Nor- wegian-Americans. Luther College should be able to meet the competition that confronts it on every side. The founders of Luther College were university men who planned to erect a school of the highest type. Luther College has always kept up to the highest standards of the times, has maintained the Christian religion as the core of its curricula, and adjusted its other subjects to harmonize with the best practices of the day. Its courses are arranged to meet the wants of its constituency. The Preparatory Department is built on the junior -senior high school plan, reaching down to the eighth graders and providing instruction even for those who can not qualify for high school entrance. The college curriculum is not only in the best sense pro-seminary, but also pre-professional, of- fering a liberal amount of electives and preparing for any stand- ard profession. THE FIELD OF LUTHER COLLEGE 199 Table VII shows the competing colleges in 1861 and 1921, in the 12 states of greatest Norwegian population: TABLE VII COMPETING COLLEGES, 1861 AND 1921 IDAHO State Reformed . . . TotaL 1861 ILLINOIS 1861 State City Nonsectarian 4 Reformed et al 13 Roman Catholic Lutheran 2 Total 19 IOWA State Nonsectarian . . . . Reformed et a! , . Roman Catholic . Lutheran 1861 1 2 4 Total. OREGON State Nonsectarian . . Reformed et al . Total TEXAS State Nonsectarian . . Reformed et al . Total WISCONSIN State Nonsectarian Reformed et al . . . . Roman Catholic. . . Lutheran 1 1861 1 3 1 1921 1921 1 1 12 21 41 1921 3 5 11 1 4 24 1921 2 2 12 1921 3 2 10 IS 1921 1 3 3 1 MICHIGAN State City Nonsectarian Reformed et al . . . Roman Catholic. . Total. MINNESOTA State City Nonsectarian Reformed et al . . . . Roman Catholic. . . . Lutheran Total. NORTH DAKOTA Slate Nonsectarian Reformed et al Total. MONTANA State . SOUTH DAKOTA State Nonsectarian Reformed et al Lutheran Total. WASHINGTON State Nonsectarian Roman Catholic Lutheran 1861 1921 2 3 2 9 3 3 7 1 7 16 1861 1921 1 2 2 1 4 1 3 5 1 1 4 1861 19. 21 3 1861 19. 21 3 1 3 2 9 1861 1 19 21 2 1 1 Total. Total. This tabulation includes the colleges, universities, and pro- fessional schools that are listed in Bureau of Education Bulletin No. 34 for 1920. To that list have been added the five Norwe- gian Lutheran junior colleges and the Norwegian Lutheran col- leges at Moorhead, Minnesota, and Sioux Falls, S. Dakota. Up- per Iowa University at Fayette, Iowa, has also been added. The German Lutheran Theological Seminary at Dubuque is not in- cluded in this table, though theological seminaries are included for some of the states. 200 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS The foregoing table is summarized in Table VIII. The totals for each state are given without reference to control: TABLE VIII STATE Idaho Illinois Iowa , Michigan Minnesota Montana North Daltota . , Oregon South Dakota. , Texas Washington. . . Wisconsin 861 1921 3 19 41 9 24 7 16 2 17 3 4 3 12 9 1 15 1 6 5 10 Total 47 160 There were 46 colleges in existence in these 12 states as com- petitors of Luther College in 1861 that still are its competitors. But the sixty years that have passed have added many new ones so that the total is now 160 in these states of greatest Norwegian population. To this number should be added the hundreds of public high schools, which are by all odds the strongest competi- tors, not only of church secondary schools like the Luther College Preparatory Department, but also of church higher schools, in that they naturally direct their graduates into the state univer- sities rather than the church colleges. In Table IX is listed the number of colleges that were in ex- istence in the United States in 1861 and still are, as follows: TABLE IX Alabama , 4 Nevada Arizona New Hampshire 1 Arkansas New Jersey 3 California 2 New Mexico Colorado New York 26 Connecticut 5 North Carolina 8 Delaware 1 North Dakota District of Columbia 2 Ohio 22 Florida Oklahoma Georgia 6 Oregon 3 Idaho Pennsylvania 26 Illinois 19 Rhode Island 1 Indiana 11 South Carolina 8 Iowa 9 South Dakota Kansas 4 Tennessee 6 Kentucky 8 Texas 1 Louisiana 3 Utah 1 Maine 1 Vermont 3 Maryland 9 Virginia 12 Massachusetts 9 Washington 1 Michigan 7 West Virginia Minnesota 2 Wisconsin 5 Mississippi 3 Wyoming Missouri 12 Montana Total in U. S 244 Nebraska . THE FIELD OF LUTHER COLLEGE 201 Of the 672 colleges^ universities, and professional schools listed in the bulletin previously mentioned, only 244 were founded j)rior to, or during, 1861. Among these is Luther College. Four- teen of our states had no higher schools at that time. Many of the present state schools arose through the provisions of the Morrill Act of 1862, when Luther College had done a year's ser- vice. The 14 states having no higher institutions were all west of the Mississippi River, except Florida and West Virginia. Of the 34 states that did have higher schools, only 9 were west of the Mississippi. These 9 states had in all 35 higher institutions of learning, including Luther College. There are, then, only 34 higher institutions still in existence which were the competitors of Lu- ther College in 1861, in the states that comprise the western half of our country. Indeed it can with truth be said that Luther College is a pioneer college. In conclusion, Luther College had but a small field to look out upon in the year of its founding. It proved its worth, grew with our country, and with increasing years came better days. It will always be a monument to the Norwegian people in Amer- ica, but especially to those who gave of their time and substance to make it succeed. Daniel Webster once said of his Alma Mater, Dartmouth College, which has now grown to be a large institu- tion: "It is a small college, but there are those who love it." Luther College is not large, if measured by the attendance yard- stick; it is a great school, however, if measured by its aims and ideals, its principles and practices, the character of its men and the extent of its good influence. But, be it termed large or small, according as mens' minds differ, "there are those who love it", and who are willing to sacrifice in order that generations to come may learn to love it. CHAPTER ELEVEN ATTENDANCE S. S. Reque I. Attendance, by Years THE total enrollment at Luther College for tlie sixty-one years of its history, counting the student each year he was enrolled, is 10,230, which gives an average per year of approxim- ately 168 students. The number of graduates, including the class of 1922 of 34 members, is 835. Enrollment AT L.C. during 60 year5 Upper line indh-oles iota] enroIfmenJ Lower ]ine indho/es enrolment m coIie':?e dep'/ ENROLLMENT AT LUTHER COLLEGE DURING SIXTV YEARS ATTENDANCE 203 TABLE SHOWING ATTENDANCE BY YEARS, 1861-1922 AT LUTHER COLLEGE College Prepar- New A. B. atory and Total Students Graduates Normal 16 16 16 30 34 26 39 51 29 42 58 26 61 81 45 8 65 83 42 48 73 27 3 76 106 53 4 86 122 51 5 111 147 62 6 102 147 56 3 108 159 61 7 143 190 84 6 167 229 100 6 149 217 78 7 109 181 46 9 105 189 49 14 93 173 58 19 85 159 40 13 82 165 55 18 74 145 41 11 64 137 47 15 117 166 73 11 94 143 42 12 80 131 37 17 89 133 51 75 118 32 12 92 136 47 9 92 145 54 9 139 206 93 9 146 213 79 11 125 188 63 . 12 97 182 59 11 104 187 59 12 120 200 81 13 103 192 52 17 91 192 55 16 96 198 60 14 85 194 66 21 100 207 72 20 88 197 61 18 74 203 62 27 79 193 60 20 81 198 71 20 85 211 62 23 53 174 45 23 66 187 62 24 83 191 58 27 80 169 51 19 90 181 58 22 107 214 75 14 97 213 60 16 78 208 58 14 66 207 47 23 69 207 60 27 49 170 35 37 . 51 130 47 17 95 241 145 11 90 217 81 18 92 254 99 21 87 272 90 34 1861-1862 1862-1863 4 1863-1864 12 1864-1865 16 1865-1866 20 1866-1867 18 1867-1868 25 1868-1869 30 1869-1870 36 1870-1871 36 1871-1872 45 1872-1873 51 1873-1874 47 1874-1875 62 1875-1876 68 1876-1877 72 1877-1878 84 1878-1879 80 1879-1880 74 1880-1881 83 1881-1882 71 1882-1883 73 1883-1884 49 1884-1885 49 1885-1886 51 1886-1887 44 1887-1888 43 1888-1889 44 1889-1890 53 1890-1891 67 1891-1892 67 1892-1893 63 1893-1894 85 1894-1895 83 1895-1896 80 1896-1897 89 1897-1898 101 1898-1899 102 1899-1900 109 1900-1901 107 1901-1902 109 1902-1903 129 1903-1904 114 1904-1905 117 1905-1906 126 1906-1907 121 1907-1908 121 1908-1909 108 1909-1910 89 1910-1911 91 1911-1912 107 1912-1913 116 1913-1914 130 1914-1915 141 1915-1916 138 1916-1917 121 1917-1918 79 1918-1919 146 1919-1920 127 1920-1921 162 1921-1922 185 Total 4,870 204 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS II. Attendance, by States . The records indicate that from 1861 to and including the school year 1921-1922, 3,554 students have been enrolled at Lu- ther College. According to the addresses given upon registration the 3,554 students came from the following states and countries: TABLE SHOWING ATTENDANCE BY STATES, BY DECADES, AT LUTHER COLLEGE States 1861- 1871 1871- 1881 1881- 1891 1891- 1901 1901- 1911 1911- 1921 Total, 60 years 1921- 1922 Total, 61 years Minnesota Iowa Wisconsin North Dakota 66 ... 102 ... 166 240 181 132 2 36 5 16 2 2 . . . . . 1 201 134 98 16 30 14 4 5 1 2 3 2 2 3 1 221 184 126 41 25 27 1 8 . .^. . ..^. .. .^. J- 180 193 77 53 12 39 2 7 2 10 3 3 J- ' r 2 210 230 102 56 14 36 3 8 16 10 5 2 2' . . .^. 1 3 3 . . . . . J- 1 1 1,118 1,024 701 168 142 124 38 30 21 22 16 10 8 6 6 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 24 36 11 8 3 2 . . .^. ' r r 1,142 1,060 712 176 Illinois South Dakota. 25 3 145 126 Norway Nebraska Texas Washington Michigan New York 12 ' '. 2' 38 30 25 22 16 11 New Jersey 8 7 Missouri 1 3 1 6 Oregon Ohio Turkev 4 4 3 3 Denmark Idaho California Massachusetts Dist. of Columbia. . . . Indiana Colorado 1 1 . . 1 1 . . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 Louisiana Canada Iceland 1 1 Total ... 377 627 517 646 590 707 3,464 90 3,554 III. New Students, by Years The following tables aim to list the new students at Luther College by school years, giving each student's name, home address at the time of matriculation, years in attendance at Luther Col- lege, and year of graduation with the Bachelor of Arts degree from Luther College. An asterisk (*) in front of the name signifies that the student later entered the Gospel ministry as an ordained clergyman. ATTENDANCE 205 Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation 1861-1862 Anderson, Rasmus B Koshkonong Wis Jan. 1862-65 A. B., 1866 Aslaksen, Knut Liberty Prairie Wis 1861-63 *Bergh, Johannes E Big Canoe la 1861-66 A. B., 1866 Bergh, Knut E Big Canoe la 1861, 1864 Bcithun, Lasse Leeds Wis 1861 Eide, Niels Big Canoe la 1861 Folkestad, Lars Bonnet Prairie Wis 1861 Fosse, Markus Norway Grove Wis 1861 *Hovde, Brynjolf Spring Prairie Wis 1861-62 Iverslie, Peter P Waupaca Wis Jan. 1862-64 . Larsen, Iver Big Canoe la 1861-62 *Normann, Olaus A Liberty Prairie Wis 1861-66 A. B., 1866 Ollis, Johannes Norway Grove Wis 1861 *01sen. Ellef (Eilif) Painted Creek la Jan. 1862-66 A. B., 1866 Ottun, Niels Holden Minn . . , 1861-63 Vick. Ole Evensen Jefferson Prairie. . . .Wis Jan. 1862-66. 1862-1863 *Berge, Nils B Liberty Prairie. Wis 1862-63, 1867-68.. . . .... Christenson, Christen Clinton la 1862-63 *Dahl, Torger H Chippewa River. . . . Wis 1862-65 *Erdahl, Gullick M Liberty Prairie Wis 1862-66 A. B.. 1866 Felland, Ole G., Sen Koshkonong Wis 1862-64 Gaarder, Ole Bostwick Valley Wis 1862-63, 1865-67 Grinde, Peder Liberty Prairie Wis 1862-63 Hollo, Anders L Koshkonong Wis 1862-64 *Homme, Even J Houston Minn . . . 1862-64 Husebv, Ole Iversen Koshkonong Wis 1862-63 *Jukam, Ole G Vermont Wis 1862-63 Kittelson, Karl Sugar Creek Wis 1862-64 Korstvedt, Tollef Koshkonong Wis 1862-64 *Markhus, Lars J Lisbon Ill 1862-66 A. B., 1866 Markhus, Ole J Lisbon Ill 1862-63 Nordgaard, Knut E Rio Wis 1862-66 *Quammen, Nils A Deerfield Wis 1862-63 Reishus, Olaf S Rushford Minn. . .1862-64 Reque, Lars S Deerfield Wis 1862-63, 1864-69.. A. B., 1868 *Sherven, Lars O Calmar la 1862-68 A. B., 1868 Simonsen, Kristofer Ashippun Wis 1862-64 Skotland, Peder Calmar la 1862-64 Stephens, Ole B. (Hustvedt) . .Deerfield Wis 1862-63, 1864-65 Suckow, Ludvig Madison Wis 1862-64 ♦Thorstensen, Knut Holden Minn . . . 1862-63 Taerum, Torge Liberty Prairie Wis 1862 : 1863-1864 Aaker, Andreas Holden Minn . . . 1863-64 • . Aasebak, Jens C Houston Minn . . . 1863-64 *Alfsen, Adolph O Mount Morris Wis 1863-69 A. B., 1869 Andersen, Soren E Koshkonong Wis 1863-64 Ask, Ole Larson Bratsberg Minn . . . 1863-64 ■ . Brodahl, Marius Perry Wis 1863-65 . Clausen, Martin St. Ansgar la Jan. 1864-65 ■ ■ Gunderson, Johannes Lemonweir Wis 1863-64 . Hulebak, Ole P Holden. . Minn . . . 1863-64 . ._. Jesme, Tosten Rio Wis 1863-66 *Juve, Tarje O Leeds Wis 1863-66 A. B., 1866 Kristenson, Tjerand Lisbon Ill 1863-65 Kristoferson, Nils Rock Run Ill 1863-65 Larson, Odd Lemonweir Wis 1863-64 Lomen, Ole T Decorah la 1863-65 *Lunde, Gudbrand A Spring Grove Minn . . . 1863-69 A. B.. 1869 Noben, Peter P Decorah la 1863-65 Nordb0, John North Prairie Minn . . . 1863-65 Reierson, Knut Root Prairie la 1863 *Rosholdt, Tollef Waupaca Wis 1863-68 A. B., 1868 Sandaker, Hans Calmar la 1863-64 Stabaek, Tosten Rock Run Ill 1863-65 Storla, Ole H Paint Creek la 1863-65 Suckow, Kristofer Decorah la 1863-64 Torgersen, Anders Waupaca Wis 1863-64 Velo, Elias J. (Elias Molee) . . . Blue Mounds Wis 1863-64 *Vinnor, Anders T Calmar la 1863-69 A. B., 1869 Winden, Hans Clermont la 1863-64 Winger, Hans Rock River Wis 1863-66 206 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation 1864-1865 ♦Anderson, Abel B Koshkonong Wis 1864-65, 1871-72 Bentson, Reinhard T Rock Run Wis 1864-70 Bergeland, Halvor Liberty Prairie Wis 1864-65 *Bj0rgo, Knut K Highlandville la 1864-70 A. B., 1870 Bredeson, Brede (Sander) .... Decorah la 1864-65 EUefsen, Samson Big Canoe la 1864-65 Faegre, Martin Paint Creek la 1864-65 Flaten, Peder Ammundson. . .Vermont Wis 1864-65 Porseth, Nikolai Rock River Wis 1864-65 Grinde, Hans Norway Grove Wis 1864-66 Halgrimson, Ole Clermont la 1864-66 Henjum, Johannes Liberty Prairie Wis 1864-65 Holum, Ole S De Forest Wis 1864-67 *Jacobsen, Jacob Daniel Pine Lake Wis 1864-65 Kjeldson, Nils Rio Wis 1864-66 *M0ller, Frederik Andreas Winchester Wis 1864-70 A. B., 1870 Ruscad, Ole A Roche-a-Cree Wis 1864-66 Sivesind, Hans Washington Prairie .la 1864-65 Sivesind, Kristian Washington Prairie .la 1864-66 Spilde, Hans Lodi Wis 1864-66 *Svennungsen, Stener Saude la 1864-66 . Sweningsen.Svennung S.(Sevig)Rock Run Ill 1864-65 Teisberg, Aslak K Koshkonong Wis 1864-70 A. B., 1870 Thorsgaard, Johannes Coon Prairie Wis 1864-69 *Vetlesen, Torjus Decorah la 1864-67 Waage, Anders Springdale Wis 1864-65 1865-1866 Aarethun, Ole K Root River Minn . . . 1865-66 Anderson, Andrew (Andrew A. Howen) Waupaca Wis 1865-67 Anderson, Lars Storv City la 1865-66 Anderson, Sivert Rock Run Ill 1865-71 A. B., 1871 Berge, Engebret Springdale Wis 1865-66 Bjerke, Engebret Trempealeau Valley. Wis 1865-66 BjcSrnson (Haldorsen), Iver. . . Dodge ville Wis 1865-66 *Bredesen, Adolf Spring Prairie Wis 1865-70 A. B., 1870 Dankel, Edvard New York N. Y 1865-67 *Ellestad, Nils J Newburg Minn. . .1865-71 A. B., 1871 Engesaeter, John Norway Grove Wis 1865-66 Faegre, Hans Paint Creek la 1865-67 Fjeld, Torgrim Vermont Wis 1865-67 Grinde, Lars De Forest Wis 1865-66 *Harstad, Bjug A Harmony Minn. . .1865-71 A. B., 1871 Haukenes, Amund. Norway Grove Wis 1865-66 Helgeson, Knut Waupun Wis 1865-67, 1869-70 Hof tuf t, L. Olson Lime Springs la 1 865 Iverslie, Martinius Scandinavia Wis 1865-67 Jacobson (Meen), Hans An- dreas Rock River Wis 1865-66 Johnson, Engebret Paint Creek la 1865-66 Johnson, Kristian (Aabraaten) Decorah la 1865-67 *Larsen, Reier Spring Grove Minn. . .1865-68, 1869-72.. A. B., 1872 Lier, Lars K Koshkonong Wis 1865-66 Linde, Peter Norway Grove Wis 1865-67 Lomen, Ole J Decorah la 1865-67 *Mohn, ThorbjeirnN Olmsted County Minn. . .1865-70 A. B., 1870 Narvesen, Cornelius Spring Grove Minn. . .1865-67 Nubsen, John Vermont Wis 1865-67 Olson, Ingvald Chicago Ill 1865-66 Opheim, Arne Decorah la 1865-67 Peterson, Lauritz Norway. 1866 *Preus, Christian Keyser Leeds Wis 1865-66, 1868-73. .A. B., 1873 Preus, Isak Westby Wis 1865-66, 1868-69 *Reque, Peter (Peder) S Deerfield Wis 1865-67 Ringstad, Johannes Decorah la 1865-67 *Rystad, John K Rock River Wis 1865-67, 1870-71, 1874-75 R0the, David Deerfield Wis 1865-68 *Smeby, Oluf H Paint Creek la 1865-71 A. B., 1871 *Stub, Hans Gerhard Locust la 1865-66 A. B., 1866 Thoen, Lauritz Rush River Wis 1865-70, 1871 ATTENDANCE 207 Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Thorsnaes, Karl • Norway Grove Wis 1865-67 *Tvedt, Niels Gulbrandsen. . . .Bergen Minn. . .1865-72 A. B., 1872 T0nsberg, Nils Lisbon Ill 1865-66 *Welo. Jens I Clermont la 1865-71 A. B., 1871 1866-1867 Aaby, Karl H Liberty Prairie Wis 1866-68 Baardson, Theodor. . Port Washington. Wis 1866-67 Bolstad, Thorbj0rn Liberty Prairie Wis 1866-68 B0en, 0sten N Harmony Minn . . . 1866 *Christensen, Nehem Port Washington. . .Wis 1866-71 A. B.. 1871 *Dale, Elling O Beaver Creek Wis 1866-67, 1868-70 Erikson, Amund, (Fadnaes) . . . Heart Prairie Wis 1866-68 Erikson, Knut Heart Prairie Wis 1866-69 Gaarder, Bernt Bostwick Valley Wis 1866-68 *Gotaas, Paul B Bratsberg Minn. . .1866-73 A. B., 1873 Hanson, Johan A Bloomfield Minn . . . 1866-67 Hanson, Kristian Blue River Wis 1866-68 Hereid, Nils Th Beaver Creek Wis 1866-67 *Hilmen, Peder T Mishicott Wis 1866-72 A. B., 1872 Iversen, Tarje (Torger) Waseca Minn. . .1866-68 *Johnson, Hans Waupaca Wis 1866-70, 1871-73 Knutson, Anders West Salem Wis 1866-70 Kristianson, Johannes Scandinavia Wis 1866-71 Larson, Johannes Milwaukee Wis 1866-67 Lien, Ole O Bloomington Minn . . . 1866-69 Medaas, Kristofer Stenerson . . Houston Minn . . . 1866-68 Meland, Martin Harmony Minn. . . 1866. Mikkelson, Martin S (Murat) .Waupaca Wis 1866-68 M0ller, T0nnes Winchester Wis 1866-68 Olsen, Hans Hemnes, Nordland. Norway. 1866 Ottesen, Jacob (Lunde) Bratsberg Minn . . . 1866-67, 1868 Ouren, Peder J Harmony Minn. . . 1866 Pederson, Mons Skoponong Wis 1866-67 Ramstad, Henry (J.H. Larson) Norway la 1866-67 Reierson, Elling Spring Grove Minn . . . 1866-68 *Reishus, Torjus S Rushford Minn . . . 1866-71 *Sando, Ole O Estherville la 1866-67,1869-70 *Solseth, Ole E Harmony Minn . . . 1866-69 Svalheim, Ole (Norsman) Norway Grove Wis 1866-68 ; Syverud, Knut N Mill Creek Wis 1866-67 Teige, Edvard G Coon Prairie Wis 1866-70 Thomasson, Anders (Gr0nne).. Paint Creek la 1866-69, 1871-72 Thorpe, Lars O Kasson Minn - . . 1866-67 Tveten, Peder Pine Lake Wis 1866-67 Void, Thor E Norway la 1866-67 0strud, Johan Bloomfield Minn . . . 1866 0verland, Frants Bratsberg Minn . . . 1866-67 1867-68 *Aas, Carl C Gj0vik Norway. 1867-69 Bolstad, Amund Th Locust la 1867 Budal, Lars P Locust la 1867-71 *Eidahl, Kittil (Ketil) O Calmar la 1867-68, 1870 Ellestad, Anders Newburg Minn. . . 1867-69 *Floren, Syvert L Holden Minn. . .1867-69 A. B., 1869 Foss, Jacob Decorah la 1867-70 *F0rde, Nils A Locust la 1867-73 A. B., 1873 Gjerald, Iver S Skoponong Wis 1867-70 Hesla, Endre L Paint Creek la 1867-68 Hjelle, Knut Decorah la 1867-71 Hogstul (Halvorsen), HalvorT. Skoponong Wis. .... 1867-70 *Hustvedt, Halvor B Liberty Prairie Wis 1867-73 A. B., 1873 Hustvedt, Stephen Koshkonong Wis 1867-69. 1870-71 Jacobson, Wilhelm Paint Creek la 1867 Johnson, Rasmus Stavanger Norway. 1867-68 Lomen, Gudbrand (Gilbert) J. Decorah la 1867-73 Medal. Helge H Decorah la 1867-69 Moldstad, Kristian Toten Norway. 1867-70 Mortenson, Martin Milwaukee Wis 1867-69 Neuberg, Harald Norway . 1867-68 *Nordby, J0rgen Locust la 1867-73 A. B., 1873 Solum, Oluf Decorah la 1867-70 208 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Storla, Olaus Paint Creek la 1867-68 Thomassen, Kristian Paint Creek la 1867 Thorsnaes, Hans Norway Grove Wis 1867-68 *Vaaler, Johannes R Rio Wis 1867-68, 1871-72 1868-1869 Anderson, Brun Lemonweir Wis 1868-70 Axdahl, S0ren Ossian la 1868-70 Bakkevold, Ole North Prairie Minn. . .1868-71 Berge, George Springdale Wis 1868-69 Bergh, Ole Hendrickson Perry Wis 1868-69 Brandhagen, Nils Decorah la 1868-71 Branson, Gustav Waupun Wis 1868-70 B0rthe, Ketil Winchester Wis 1868-71 Danielsen, Ole Winchester Wis 1868-70 Egeberg, Westye Christiania Norway . 1868-69 Ellis, Edwin Harmony Minn . . . 1868-69 ♦Everson, Carl (Charles) Sever- in E . Linden Wis 1868-70 *Felland, Ole G., Jr Koshkonong Wis 1868-74. A. B., 1874 Forseth, Anton Rock River Wis 1868-70 Forseth, Johan Rock River Wis 1868-69 Fr0vold, Knut Decorah la 1868-69 Gullord, Olaus Westby Wis 1868-70 Haugen, Nils P Rush River Wis 1868-70, 1871-72 Helgeson, Andreas Waupun Wis 1868-71 Helvig, Abel Clinton la 1868-70, 1871-72 Hong, Engebret Soldier Valley la 1868-71 Hustvedt, Laurents Round Prairie la 1868-69 Jacobsen, Martin Paint Creek la 1868 Kalstad, Even P Oconomowoc Wis 1868-70 Kjersland, Lars Koshkonong Wis 1868-70 Kragevik, M. O Lee Ill 1868-69 *Mandt, Olaf Koshkonong Wis 1868-73 A. B., 1873 Mathre, Wier Lisbon Ill 1868-74 Myhren, Hans (Myron) Bergen (S.) Dak.1868-70 Myrberg, Johannes Bratsberg Minn . . . 1868-71 Nelson, John Lisbon Ill 1868-70 Nelson, Lars Lisbon Ill 1868-69 Neperud, Olaus Coon Prairie Wis 1868-70 Nilson, Erik St. Louis Mo 1868-69 Naes, Mikkel Rushford Minn . . . 1868 Paulson, Edward Waupun Wis 1868-69, 1874-76 Pederson, A. B Benton la 1868-69 Preus, J. Nordahl B Westby Wis 1868-72 Rislaug, Syvert Capron Ill 1868, 1871 Sampson, Lars Vangen (S.) Dak.1868-72 Sampson, Nils Vangen (S.) Dak.1868-70 Sander, Anton B Decorah la 1868-74 A. B., 1874 Skartvedt, Gudmund Ossian la 1868-74 Skatter, Ole Werner Koshkonong Wis 1868 Thompson, Thomas S Chicago Ill 1868-70 Tollefson, Simon Norway ?1868 Torgerson, Andreas Chicago Ill 1868-73 Torjussen, Ketil Bratsberg Minn . . . 1868-69 T0nnesen, Lars (Ekern) Coon Prairie Wis 1868-70 Vik. Sjur Lisbon Ill 1868-70 Wraamann. Wilhelm Norway . 1868-69 Young, James Madison Wis 1868-69 0dven, Lars P Springdale Wis 1868-72 1869-70 *Aaberg, Ole H Roche-a-Cree Wis 1869-74 Arntson, Ole A Lansing la 1869-71 Berg, Anton S North Prairie Minn . . . 1869-70 Blekre, Zakarias O North Prairie Minn . . . 1869-72 Bredeson, Bernhard Spring Prairie Wis 1869-71 Bring, Johan Bostwick Valley. . . . Wis 1869-70 Br0rby, Jacob Clermont la 1869-74 *Fosmark, Ole N Spring Prairie Wis 1869-75 A. B., 1875 Fosvik, Iver Elstad Minn . . . 1869-72 Funrue, Kittil Paint Creek la 1869-70 *Guldbrandsen, Guldbrand Winchester Wis 1869-72 ATTENDANCE 209 Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Gunderson, Gustav Holden Minn . . . 1869-70 Haaven, Lars Holden Minn . . . 1869-70 Hagebak, Simon Holden Minn. . . 1869-70 Hagen, G. Olsen Kellogg la 1869 Halvorson, Anton Rock River Wis 1869-70 *Hattrem, Thor H Vaage Norway. 1870 Haukenes, Hans O Norway Grove Wis 1869-71 *Holseth, Mikkel C Bostwick Valley Wis 1869-71 Hole, Tallak E Coon Prairie Wis 1869 *Jaastad, Endre L Decorah la 1869-70 Johannesen, Thomas Highland Minn . . . 1869-72 *j0rgenson, Christian Wiota Wis 1869-75 A. B., 1875 Knutson, Karl August Mishicott Wis 1869-72 Kvaernodden, John N Holden Minn. . .1869-70, 1871-72 *Langeland, Magne Locust la 1869-75 A. B., 1875 Leknaes, Louis Lisbon Ill 1869-73 Lynne, Lars Decorah la ..... . 1869-72 *Monson, Ingvard Gr0the Le Roy Minn . . . 1869-75 -. , Monserud, Olaus Paint Creek la 1869-72 . . M0ller, Bernt Winchester Wis 1869-74 Nordgaard, Knut Holden Minn . . . 1869-70 Norvold, Sivert Paint Creek la 1869-70 ♦Naeseth, Christen Andreas . . .Holden Minn. . .1869-74 A. B., 1874 ♦Petersen, Wilhelm Magnus . Herman Paint Creek la 1869-75 A. B., 1875 *Rasmussen, Gerhard Lisbon Ill 1869-71, 1872-76 Rdnneberg, Ole Blue Mounds Wis 1869-72 Rcivang, Ola Decorah la 1869-72 *Sagen, Andreas K Perry Wis 1869-74 A. B., 1874 *Seim, Viking L Paint Creek la 1869-73 *SoIstad, Hans P Albert Lea Minn. . .1869-72 Stabaek, Knut Rock Run Ill 1869-70 Stamm, Ole P Valley Grove Minn . . . 1869-70 ♦Strand, Henrik J Locust la 1869-76 A. B., 1876 *Str0mme, Peer O Winchester Wis 1869-76 A. B., 1876 Teige, Edvard O Decorah la 1869-71 Tobiasen, Tobias R Calmar la 1869-70, 1871, 1873-74 *Turmo, Andreas O Calmar la 1869-72 Ueland, Lars Westby Wis 1869-71 . *Vangsnes, Ole P Ridgeway la 1869-75 A. B.. 1875 Varlo, Olaf Decorah la 1869-73 A. B., 1873 1870-1871 Aasen, Syvert. Nidaros (S.) Dak. 1870-72 Akre, Jonas Big Canoe la 1870-72 Alnaes, Syvert Ossian la 1870-71 ♦Andersen, Anders C Manitowoc Wis 1870-73 Anderson, Nils Edgar Decorah la 1870-73 Berg, Ole S North Prairie Minn . . . 1870-72 Berge, Ole V Norway. 1870 Bergland, Halvor Bratsberg Minn . . . 1870 . *Borge, Michael O Leeds Wis 1870-71 Dahl, O. H Yellow Medicine. . . . Minn . . . 1870-72 Dale, Viking Big Canoe la 1870-72 Daleby, Ole Perry Wis 1870-72 Edwards, Bj0rn Chicago Ill 1870-75 ♦Faegre, Kaspar G Paint Creek la 1870-77 A. B., 1877 Felland, Andreas Koshkonong Wis 1870-72 Gaarder, Ole Dodgeville Wis 1870-71 Gaarder, Syvert Albany Wis 1870-72 *Gr0nlid, Carl Johan Magnus (Jensen) Kewaunee Wis 1871-77 A. B.. 1877 Gr0nstad, Erik Lisbon Ill 1870-71 Gunderson, Martin Chicago Ill 1870-72 *Gutteb0. Kj0stel L Decorah. la 1870-76 Hanson, Thomas Spring Prairie Wis 1870-71 Helgeland, Peder Lisbon Ill 1870-73 Helgeson, Tideman Waupun Wis 1870 ♦Hellestvedt. Johannes A Rushford Minn. . .1870-71 ♦Hendrickson, Peter Anton Rushford Minn . . . 1870-76 A. B., 1876 ♦Hjort, Otto Christian O Dalby la 1870-73. 1874-75 *Isberg, Peder Decorah la 1870-75 Juve, John O Houston Minn . . . 1870-71 210 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Kjerland, Thorbj0rn (Dahle)... Locust la 1870-71 Knudson, Fredrik Leeds Wis 1870-71 *Koefod, Magnus Martinus. . . . Locust la 1870-72 Kvale, Erik Wilmington Minn. . .1870-74 Lie, Nils J Otter Creek Wis 1870 Naas, Tliyge A. R. (A. G. Nilson) Rock Dell Minn . . . 1870-71 Neste, Knut Decorah la 1870-71 Nordgaard, Gudbrand Decorah la 1870-72 Naes, Karl Winchester Wis 1870-71 Naeseth, Jolin Holden Minn . . . 1870-72, 1874 Opperud, Joseph Clermont la 1870-73 .' Osmundson, Lars (L. O. Veom) Houston Minn. . .1870-71 Rokne, Ole E Koshkonong Wis .1870-71 *Ruste, Erik O Perry Wis 1870-76 A. B., 1876 Rydning, Lars (Swenson) St. Peter Minn. . .1870-71 Rydning, Paul (Swenson) St. Peter Minn . . . 1870-72 R0the, Halle Koshkonong Wis 1870-75 Skaaden, Kristian Norway. 1870-71 , *Skugstad, Jens Coon Prairie Wis 1870 Slinde, Thomas O Whalan Minn. . .1870 Sponheim, Haldor. Locust la 1870-71 Stamm, Ole G Primrose Wis 1870-71 Steensland, Henry Madison Wis 1870-71 . Stenehjem, Peder. . . Wilmington '. .Minn. . .1870-71 Str0mmen, Ketil Koshkonong Wis 1870-71 Syvertson, Henry A New York N. Y 1870-73 S0rland, Gudbrand Decorah la 1870 Thorsen, Nils A Douglas County Minn ... 1870-72 Torrison, Thomas E Manitowoc Wis 1870-76 A. B., 1876 Urdahl, Ole A Springdale Wis 1870-74 Valdeland, Enok Clermont la 1870-72 *Willett, George Decorah la 1870-72 *Ylvisaker, Johan Thorbj0rn. . .Red Wing Minn. . .1870-77 A. B., 1877 1871-1872 Aaby, Andreas A Rock Dell Minn. . .1871-73. . : Amundson, Albert Chr Silver Lake la 1871-78 A. B., 1878 Anderson, Albert Janesville Wis 1871-73 Anderson, Lawrence Rock Dell Minn . . . 1871-72 *Bakke, Nils J Minneola Minn. . .1871-77 . .A. B., 1877 Bergh, Hallvard A Blue Mounds Wis 1871-76 A. B., 1876 *Blilie, Johan Anton Washington Prairie. la 1871-77 A. B., 1877 *Borgen, Edward Decorah la 1871-76 A. B., 1876 ♦Brandt, Realf Ottesen Decorah la 1871-77 A. B., 1877 Dahl, Karl A Waupun Wis 1871-72 D0sland, Tohn P Clinton la 1871-72 Eidahl, Timan (Quarve) Spring Grove Minn. . .1871-72 Fleischer, Ludvig Madison Wis 1871-72 Fleischer, Michael Madison Wis 1871 Possum, Anthon A Paint Creek la 1871-74 Gabriel, Martin Madison Wis 1871-74 *Gr0nsberg, Ole N Jordan Wis 1871-77 A. B., 1877 Hadland, Ole J Spring Grove Minn. , .1871 Hage, Hans O. T Norway. 1871-72 Henrickson, Gustav Rushford Minn. . . 1871-73 Henrickson, Hans Rushford Minn . . . 1871 '. . . Holm, Thorvald Paint Creek la 1871-74 Holkesvig, Ole A Big Canoe la 1871-74 Hovland, Johannes Balsfjorden Norway. 1871-72 Jaastad, Syvert . Decorah la 1871-72 *Johansen, Jens St. Louis Mo 1871-77 A. B., 1877 Johnson, Jens H Rock Dell Minn. . .1871-74 Johnson, Martin Milwaukee Wis 1871-74 Knutson, Knut Manitowoc Wis 1871-74 Krees, Martin Union Prairie Minn . . . 1871-74 Land, Tosten L Calmar la 1871-73 Landsvaerk, Peter K Spring Grove Minn . . . 1871-74 LandsvKrk, T. J Lawler la 1871-74 *Lee (Lia), Ole H Winchester Wis 1871-72 Lomen, Jeirgen (George) Decorah la 1871-78 A. B., 1878 Ohisgaard, Asle P Wilmington Minn. . . 1871 Olsen, Tosten Saude la 1871-72 ATTENDANCE 211 Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Olson, Halvor Rock Dell Minn . . . 1871-72 Pederson, Lars H Lime Creek la 1871-73 Quarve, Timan L Spring Grove Minn. . .1871-78 A. B., 1878 *Roalkvam, Halvard G Newburg Minn. . .1871-74 A. B., 1874 Rokne, Iver L Harmony Minn . . . 1871-73 *Rondestvedt. Arnvid P Springdale Wis 1871-77 A. B., 1877 *Rystad, Andreas Rask A Benton la 1871-73 *Scheie, Iver O Mankato Minn. . .1871-74 Schmidt, August Decorah la 1871, 1874-75 .' . . Sivertsen, Hans Leeds Wis 1871 Thompson, Knut T Dodgeville Wis 1871-72 *Thorsen, Marki s Krager0 Norway. 1871-72 *Thorvil(d)son, Thorvil(d) K...Arendal Minn. .. 1871-74, 1875-78. .A. B., 1878 Vambheim, David Lodi Wis 1871-74 Void, Elling O Decorah la 1871-72 Weeks, Sjur W Rochelle Ill 1871-73 *Widvey, Peter Anthon Milwaukee Wis 1871-74 *Wilhelmsen, Ole Ivar Moe. . . .Silver Lake Minn. . .1871 *Ylvisaker, Johannes T Sogndal Norway. 1871-74 A. B., 1874 1872-1873 Aga, Lars Ridgeway la 1872-75 Aim, Martin G Swan Lake Minn. . .1872-73 Almquist, John New York N. Y. ... 1872-73 *Bale, Jens E Byron Minn ... 1872-74 Beheim, John E Pope County Minn ... 1872-73 *Brevig, Tollef L Pope County Minn. . .1872-74, 1875-77 Butler, Bernhard Decorah la 1872-73 Dahl, Albert Waupun Wis 1872-74 Dahl, Melvin E Paint Creek la. . 1872-75 Dalseid, Nils O Shell Brook la 1872-73 *Engh, Hagbart Coon Valley Wis 1872-78 A. B., 1878 Fadnes, Johannes E Whitewater Wis 1872-74 . *Fjeldstad, Rollef R North Prairie Minn. . .1872-74 Possum, Hans R Albert Lea Minn. . .1872-75, 1876-77 Gausta, Herbj0rn N . . ; Harmony Minn . . . 1872-75 *Gjevre, Anders H Holden Minn. . .1872-78 A. B., 1878 Haagen.«on, Hans M Decorah la 1872-73 . Hage, Hans J. T Norway . 1872 . Hatle, Sivert J Froen Wis 1872-75 : Helgstad, Joseph J New Lisbon Wis 1872-73 *Hoel, Olaf H North Prairie Minn. . .1872-73 *Hougen. Johan Olai J Benton la 1872-79 A. B., 1879 Huset, Ole A Holden Minn . . . 1872 Iverson, Edward Manitowoc Wis 1872-74 Johnson, August Harmony Minn . . . 1872-75 Johnson, Henry Waupun Wis 1872-74 Kirkeby, Guttorm T Holden Minn. . ..1872-74, 1875-78. .A. B., 1878 Kjernholm, Julian P Albert Lea Minn . . . 1872-73 Larsen, Olaf Lemonweir Wis 1872-78 A. B., 1878 *Lee, Atle J Utica Wis 1872-78 A. B., 1878 Lerum, Daniel J Urne Wis 1872-73 Lie, Halvor A Lemonweir Wis 1872-75 Loftsgaarden, O. H Round Prairie Minn . . . 1872-78 *L0kensgaard, Ole O Swan Lake Minn . . . 1872-78 A. B., 1878 *Maakestad, John J Lee Ill 1872-75 Markegaard. Knut Th Paint Creek la 1872-73 Melby, Knut K Cedar Valley Minn . . . 1872-74 Moe, Thorvald H Albert Lea Minn. . .1872-74 Neste, Ole E Decorah la 1872-73 Nordgaard, Christian Decorah la 1872-78 A. B., 1878 *Omlid, Guthorm (Guttorm) H. Holden Minn... . 1872-75 Peterson, Peter J Shawano Wis 1872-74 Riis, Carl Theodor Waupun Wis 1872-73 Rydning. John Paint Creek la 1872-74 Sanderson. Tollef Harmony Minn . . . 1872-74 Sandvig, Ole J Norway Lake Minn ... 1872-74 Skotland, Theodor Calmar la 1872-74 *Skyberg, Hans O Rush River Wis 1872-79 A. B., 1879 Sponheim, Peder Decorah la 1872-74 *Storh(e), Knut O Le Rov Minn. . .1872-79 \. B., 1879 *Syftestad. Olaus P Perry." Wis 1873-79 A. B., 1879 Scinderland, Salve O Winnebago la 1872-73 Tangen, Hans H Rio Wis 1872-73 212 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation Thompson, Amund G Scandinavia Wis 1872-75 . Thoresen, Thorvald C North Prairie Minn ... 1872-74 . Thoresen, Thorvald O Manitowoc Wis 1872-74. Tvedt, G. Halvorsen Decorah la 1872-74. Ulefos, Hans H Portage Wis 1872-75 . Vraalstad, Edvard J Holden Minn. . .1872-73. Winge, Hans A Decorah la 1872-74. Ytterboe, Tyke T Calmar la 1872-74 . 1873-1874 Aakre, Ole H Ridgeway la 1873-74 . Bakke, Ole E Decorah la 1873-75 . Bertelson, Gunder Ossian la 1873 . . . . *Brandt, Olaf Elias Decorah la 1873-79 . .1873-74. .1873-74. .1873-76. .1873 .1873 .A. B., 1879 Braekhus, Anton O Oslo Minn Braekke, Nils A Decorah la . . . Bursvold, Nikolai O Spring Valley Minn Dale, Anders K Wilmington Minn *Danielsen, Jens Pope Co Minn Dybdahl, Thore E Decorah la 1873-76 Daehlen, Olaus G Spring Grove Minn. . .1873-74 (O. G. Myrah) Egge. Albert E Ridgeway la 1873-79 *Eggen, Thore N Prairie Farm Wis 1873-79 Evenson, Edwin Scandinavia Wis 1873-79 Everson, Adolph Linden Wis 1873 Farsdal, Ole G Holden Minn. . .1873-74 Finseth, Ole L Root Prairie Minn . . . 1873-74 *FIaten, Christopher A Vermont Wis 1874-78 Fosmark, Ole J Spring Prairie Wis 1873-75 Fossum, Christian A Elon la 1873-75 Fossum, Torgrim A Elon la 1873-75 Garthe, Martinus Hoff Minn . . . 1873-75 (Wimpelmann) *Giere, Nils O Rock Dell Minn . . . 1873-79 Gigstad, Knut O Manitowoc Wis 1873-75 Gjellum, Erik S Koshkonong Wis 1873-79 Golberg, Halgrim Hesper la 1873-74 Grinde, Johannes J North Prairie Minn . . . 1873-74 Gr0nne, Knut Th. A Paint Creek la 1873-74, 1875-76. Gulsvik, Vilhelm Clermont la 1873-74, 1875-76 Haavelsrud, John E French Creek Wis 1873-75 Hanson, Hans M Elon la 1873-74 Hanson, Peter N Albert Lea Minn . . . 1873-77 Hjelle, John O Decorah la 1873-74 Hoftuft, Kj0stil O Lime Springs la 1873-74 Holther, Olaf Minneapolis Minn . . . 1873-77 *Homme, Thorleif O Harmony Minn. . .187.3-78 Husmo, Gustav Rock Dell Minn . . . 1873 H0yme, Thrond Decorah la 1873-79 Jacobson, James Henrytown Minn . . . 1873-74 Johannesen, Jacob A Root Prairie Minn. . . . 1873-75 (Jacobsen) Johnson, Carl St. Paul Minn. . .1873-77 Josvanger, Rasmus L Greenwood Wis 1873-75 Juve, Herjus O Lemonweir Wis 1873-74 Kaasa, Johannes H Ossian .... Karstad, Lars M. K Swan Lake *Kildahl, John Nathan Holden Kloster, A. L Ossian .... Kopperdal, Hans J Hoff Koren, Ahlert Decorah la 1873-75 *Koren,(B0icke)Joh(a)n (Rulfs) Decorah la 1874-79 Kvale, Erik B Spring Grove Minn. . .1873-75 Langelie, Ole J Bergen Minn. . .1873-76 Larsen, Lauritz Chicago Ill 1873-79 Lee, Alexander O . . North wood la 1873-74 Linn, Edward M Chicago Ill 1873-74 Lund, Knut Chicago Ill 1873-75 L0berg, Nils T Ashippun Wis 1873-74 L0iland, Halvor Canfield Minn. . .1873-78 *Madsen, J0rgen Elesius Sheboygan Wis 1873-75, 1878-80 Magnesen, Nils Rock Dell Minn . . . 1873-74 *Moen, Carl J New Hope Minn. . .1873-77 A. B., 1879 A. B., 1879 A. B., 1879 A. B., 1879 A. B., 1879 A. B., 1878 A. B., 1879 la 1873 Minn . . . 1873-80 A. Bf, 1880 Minn . . . 1874-79 A. B., 1879 la 1873-74 Minn. . .1873-76, 1877-81. .A. B., 1881 A. B., 1879 A. B., 1879 ATTENDANCE 213 Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Myra, Stephen Everson Linden Wis 1873-77 Nilson, Even Norman Hill Tex 1873-75 Nilson, Thorbjcirn A. (Giere). . Rock Dell Minn . . . 1873 "Nordgaard, Johannes Simon... Apple River Wis 1873-76, 1877-80.. A. B., 1880 Naeseth, Olaf A. N Glenwood la 1873-76, 1877-78 Ohnstad, Jens P Spring Grove Minn . . . 1873-7.'5 Olson, Martin Chicago Ill 1873-74 Otterdokken, John O Holden Minn. . . 187.V74 *Overn, Anton Gustav HelgesonWaupun Wis 1873-76 Raabetlle, Ole G Holden Minn. . .1873-74 "Schesvold, Thore P Mankato Minn. . .1873-74 *Skartvedt, Peder Oss'an la 1873-79 A. B., 1879 Storla, Sevat Paint Creek la 1873-75 Teigen, Martin Koshkonong Wis 1873-75 Tobiasen, Theodor Decorah la 1873-74 *Torrison, Isaac Bertinus Manitowoc Wis 1873-79 A. B.. 1879 Trygstad, Johannes M Volga (S ) Dak.1873-76 Vaatvedt, Hellek O Rock Dell Minn ... 1873-75 Vermager, Ole H Wilmington Minn . . . 1873-74 Vraali, Ketil S Delavan Minn . . . 1873-74, 1875 <'Wisnaes, Rasmus J Blue Earth City Minn . . . 1873-76 Wold, Anton O Whitehall Wis 1873-76 0fstedahl, Louis B Harmony Minn. . . 1873-74 1874-1875 Aase, Svennung Henrytown Minn . . . 1874-75, 1877 Anderson, Halvor Lisbon Ill 1874-75 Anderson, Knut (Brown) Root Prairie Minn . . . 1874-75 *Askevold, Bernt Chicago Ill 1874-75 Bagge, Peter Irgens San Francisco Cal 1874-75 Bale, Ole M Spring Prairie Minn . . . 1874-75 Berg, Rollef S Arendal Minn . . . 1874 Birkeland, Mauritz A Chicago Ill 1874 *Bj0rgaas, John J Newport Wis 1874-79 A. B., 1879 Bratvold, Knut O Holden Minn ... 1874 Carlson, Emil Alexandria Minn . . . 1874-75 Dale, Lars Sam Leeds Wis 1874-78 Egge, Sven E Ridgewav la 1874-77 Eikeland, Peder J Coon Valley Wis 1874-75, 1877-80.. A. B., 1880 Ellestad, Sven A Spring Grove Minn ... 1874 Evenson, Gustav A Scandinavia Wis 1874-80 A. B., 1880 Froslie, Ole A Jordan Wis 1874 *Giere, Nils A Rock Dell Minn. . .1874-75, 1882-84 Gjeglum, Halvor O. K Paint Creek la 1874-75 Grangaard, Endre A Paint Creek la 1874-77 , Grangaard, Ole P Paint Creek la 1874-77 Gr0the, Ole H Le Roy Minn ... 1874-76 . Gr0tum, John J Bratsberg Minn . . . 1874-75, 1876 *Gunderson, Severin Bergen Norway . 1874-77, 1879 Haagenson. Olaus Norway Wis 1874-75 Hadland, Ole P Bloomfield Minn. . .1874-80 A. B., 1880 *Halvorson, Johannes Decorah la 1874-80 A. B., 1880 Hamre, Anders M.J Holden Minn . . . 1874-75 Hamre, Peder P Decorah la 1874-75 Hanson, Erik Root Prairie Minn . . . 1874-75 Hanson, James CM Decorah la 1874-82 A. B., 1882 Hanson, Lauritz Albert Lea Minn . . . 1874-76 *Heie, Johannes J Story City la 1874-78 . Helen, Thor O Decorah la 1874-75 Helland, Edward C Hoff Minn ... 1874 Helle, Nils N Harmony Minn . . . 1874-75 *Hoff, Lars Martinus Andreas. . Borgund Norway .1874-75 A. B., 1875 Hove, Andreas M Ridgeway la 1874-81 A. B., 1881 Jaastad, Henrik Marshfield Wis 1874-77 Jensen, Elling St. Paul Minn . . . 1874-76 Jenson, Johannes Decorah la 1874-76 *Jerdee, Lars J Norway Grove Wis 1874-75, 1877-82.. A. B., 1882 Jordahl, Christopher Chr Ossian la 1874-78 *Jeirgenson, Fingar Rock Dell Minn . . . 1874-80 A. B., 1880 Kitelsaa, Jens T Hesper la 1874-75 Knutson, Leonhard Shawano Wis 1874-75 Krees, John Union Prairie Minn . . . 1874-75 Kvale, Peter Wilmington Minn. . .1874-75 *Larsen, Anders Carleton Minn . . . 1874-75 214 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation *Larsen, Gustav Adolf Larson, Edward Larson, Nils L Larson, P. T . Koshkonong . Decorah . Spring Grove . Medo .Decorah . Glen Roy .Holden . Nicollet . Harmony . Benton . Gjerpen . Paint Creek . Lisbon .Blue Earth City... . Lincoln . Glenwood Calmar .Decorah .Holden .Luther Valley . Bratsberg . Valley Grove . Utica . Indianapolis .Waterville . Spring Grove . Lisbon . Lisbon . Lee . Bratsberg .St. Louis . Le Roy . Red Wing . Rush River .Canton . Paint Creek .Carlston . Locust . . Waterville . Rock Dell . Eyrabakkr . Estherville . Bergen . Benton . Blackhammer . Decorah . Lisbon .Zumbrota . Paint Creek . Bloorafield 1875-1876 . Rock Dell . Decorah . Gjerpen .Story City . Hesper . Nidaros . Highland . Highland .Hesper . Norman . Decorah Holden . Decorah .Spillville . Fort Dodge . Renville . Spring Grove . Bratsberg .Zumbrota . Macfarland . Rock Dell .Wis.... .la . Minn . . . Minn. . .la .la..... . Minn . . . Minn. . . Minn. . .la .Wis. ... .la .Ill . Minn . . . (S.) Dal .Minn. . .la .la . Minn . . .Wis... . . Minn. . . Minn. . .Wis.... .Ind.. . . .la. . . .. . Minn . . Ill Ill .Ill . Minn . . . Norway Mo. . . . . Minn. . . Minn. . .Wis.... . (S.) Dal .la .Minn. . .la .la . Minn . . . Iceland. .la . Norway .la . Minn . . .la .Ill . Minn . . .la . Minn . . ■ Minn . . .la .Wis.... .la .la . (S.) Dal . Minn . . . Minn . . .la . (N.) Dal .la . Minn . . .la .la .la . Minn . . . Minn . . . Minn . . . Minn . . .Wis.... .Minn . . .1874-80 .1874 .1874 .1874-76 .A. B., 1880 Lia, Halvor O .1874-76 Lien, Arne O .1874-75 Lien, C. A. N .1874-75 Lillegaard, Lars O .1874-77 Lindefjeld, Martin O .1874-77 Lund, Christian J .1874-75 Madsen, Kornelius .1874 Mathieson, Oscar .1874-75 Mehus, Lars J .1874-75 . Mundahl. John F .1874-75 Myran, Guttorm :.1874-77 Nedrelo, Baard B .1874-76 *Ness, Johannes Martinus O. . Neste, Engebret .1874-80 .1874-78 .A. B., 1880 Naeseth, Halvor K Ommelstad, Thomas H .1874 .1874-76 *Omland, Gunulf (Gunnuf) J.. .1874-75 Osmundson, Andreas B *Ottesen, Otto Christian *Pedersen, Nils .1874 .1874-80 .1874-75 '.A. B., 1880 *Pederson, Christofer .1874-78 Peterson, Anders O .1874-77 Peterson, Halvor Rasmussen, Olaus Rogde, Ole J .1874-81 .1874 .1874-76 .A. B., , 1881 RoUefson, Andres Rykken, Johannes B .1874 ■?1874-75 Sheel, Herman W .1874-75 Skjaer, Jens O .1874-78 Skov, Thore K .1874-75 .1874-75, 1876-80. c.1874-75 '.A. B., *Skyberg, Kristian O 1880 Storla, John P Storla, Thore .1874-77 *Strandskov, Hans C .1874-76 *Stub, Olaf Tidemand Arentz Saetrang, Oluf G .1874-80 .1874-79 .A. B., 1880 *Saettre, Thorbjdrn Andreas. . *Thorgrimsen, Hans Baag0e. . Tollefson, Ole .1874-80 .1874-79 .1874, 1875-78. . . A. .A. B., B., , 1880 1879 Tonning, Rasmus .1874-75, 1876-77. .1874 .1874-75 Tutle, Louis Ed Vinjum, Jens A Voldeng, Ole . 1874-75 Wake, John .1874-75 *0fsteda(h)l, Andreas A .1874-78 0kre, Lars J .1874-75 Osterud, Lauritz H .1874-76 Aabv, Nils A .1875-77 .1875-77 .1875-77 .1875-76 Anderson, Alfred Anderson, Andreas B Barke, Johannes O Berg, Peter O Bjdrgan, John R .1875-^6 L.1875-78 Blakstvedt, Gabriel Blakstvedt, Martin .1875 .1875 .1875-76 c.1875-76 Bolland, John Borderud, O. P *Bothne, Johannes G. Daae. . . *Braaten, Sven O Brandt, John A Brecke, Ole E B0rve, Knut Th Christiansen, Conrad M Dokken, Olaus L Eiken, Andrew T .1875-78 .1875-81 .1875-83 .1875-81 .1875-76, 1877-78. .1875-81 .1875-76 .1875-80 .A. .A. .A. .A. '.A. B., B., B., B., B., 1878 1881 1883 1881 'l88i Erstad, Cornelius .1875-77, 1878-80. .1875-78 .1875-76 Fiskerbaek, Ole K Haagenson, Syvert P ATTENDANCE 215 Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Haatvedt, Jacob Holmes City Minn. . .1875-77 Hanson, Martin Manitowoc Wis 1875-76 Hanson, Thore O Estherville . '. la 1875-78 Haugen, A. J Crane Creek la 1875-76 Hereid, Konrad A N. Rush River Wis 1875-76 Hereid, Lars K N. Rush River Wis 1875-76 *Hever, Halvor A Minneapolis Minn . . . 1875-76 Hilleboe, Hans S Roche-a-Cree Wis 1875-81 A. B., 1881 Hoff, Peter J Lisbon Ill 1875-76 Hole, Andreas B Goodhue Minn. . .1875-77 Holstad, Anders Decorah la 1875-81 A. B., 1881 Hopperstad, JuUus J Capron Ill 1875, 1879-82 Hove, Peder Calmar la 1875 Isberg, Gustav J Decorah la 1875-78 *Jensen, Lars Petter Albert Lea Minn. . .1875-78, 1880-82 -Johnson, Edward Rushford Minn ... 1875 Johnson, Nils H Rock Dell Minn. . .1875 Johnson, Norm Wiota Wis 1875 Johnson, O. C Newark Ill 1875-76 .*Kasberg, Karl A Bratsberg Minn. . .1875-81 A. B., 1881 Kleven, Carl J. A Holmestrand Norway .1875-76 Kloster, Nils A. (Anderson) . . . Ossian la 1875-78 Kvale, Anders Norway? 18 75 Kvale, Tollef O Decorah la 1875 Landmark, Einar Decorah la 1875-76 Larson, Knut Zumbrota Minn . . . 1875 Larson, Ole H Wilmington Minn. . .1875-76 Malmin, John M Chicago Ill 1875-76 Mauritzon, Masena G Chicago Ill 1875-76 Mauritzon, Mauritz Chicago Ill 1875-76 Mellang, Guttorm A Albert Lea Minn. . .1875-77 *Minne, Nils M Clinton la 1875-79 Mohn, F. Voss Bergen Norway . 1875-78, 1880-81.. A. B., 1881 Meiller, Henrik Winchester Wis 1875-76, 1878-80 Nilson, John Nikolai Red Wing Minn . . . 1875-79 Olson, Christian Decorah la 1875-76 Oppen, Knut Vaiders Wis 1875-76 Ramsey, Nils Decorah la 1875-76 Roe, Peter O Rock Dell Minn. . .1875-76 Sando, Halvor O Estherville la 1875 *Seehuus, Knut. . . .■ Chicago Ill 1875-81 A. B., 1881 Simonson, Simon E Koshkonong Wis 1875-77 Solheim, Ola A Lee Ill 1875-81 A. B., 1881 Stenersen, Peder H Red Wing Minn . . . 1875-76 Sal, Ole O Holden Minn . . . 1875-77 S0renson, S. T Root Prairie Minn ... 1875 S0vde, Johannes Story City la 1875-77 Tvedt, Hans A. (Halvorsen) . . Decorah la 1875-76 Tvedt, Gjermund O Lemonweir Wis 1875-81 Tvedt, Olaf O Lemonweir Wis 1875-79 Ulsaker, Ole Holden Minn . . , 1875-77 Vaala, Ole G Saude la 1875 *Waage, Johannes Wiota Wis 1875-76 Werner, Hans C Chicago Ill 1875 Ylvisaker, A. Christian Zumbrota Minn. . .1875-81 A. B., 1881 Ytterboe, Halvor T Calmar la 1875-81 A. B., 1881 *0fsteda(h)l. Nils A Rock Dell Minn . . . 1875-78 1876-1877 *Allen, Hans Decorah la 1876-83 A. B., 1883 *Anderson, Andreas J Swede Grove Minn . . . 1876-81 Anderson, Christian F Saude la 1876-77 *Arvesen, Nils Lisbon Ill 1876-80 Bergan, Ole G Renville Minn . . . 1876-79 *Bergman, Fredrik Wincliester Wis 1876-81 A. B., 1881 Bothne, Gisle Decorah la 1876-78 A. B., 1878 Brandvig, Anfin J Story City la 1876-78 *Christensen, Gustav A Genesee Idaho. . . 1876-82, 1883 Fossum, Andreas A Paint Creek la 1876-82 A. B., 1882 Gilbertson, Gustav Spring Grove Minn . . . 1876-78 *Glas0e, Oluf Lanesboro Minn. . .1876-83 A. B., 1883 *Gr0nvold, Ole Christian Calmar la 1876-81 *Hansen, S0ren Perth Amboy N. J 1876-79 *Hauge, Anders (Andreas) E...Gloppen Norway. 1876-77, 1879-80 216 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Haugen, Engebret P Decorah la 1876-78 Hellen, Ole Bottolfson Decorah la 1876-77 Hjelle, Iver A Bratsberg . . . .' Minn . . . 1876-79 Hole, Hans L Albert Lea Minn ... 1876-77 Holt, Simon N Root Prairie Minn ... 1876 Hovland, Andreas T Zumbrota Minn . . . 1876 Huset, Isak H Holden Minn. . .1876-82 A. B., 1882 *Huus, Alfred L.. Lisbon Ill 1876-82 A. B., 1882 Kaasa, Torsten J Ossian la 1876 Kaasa, Even J Ossian la 1876-77 Kirkelie, Eivind A Harmony Minn. . . 1876 *Koren, Paul Decorah la 1876-82. A. B., 1882 Langemo, Nils P Holden Minn... .1876-77 Larson, Wilhelm Chicago Ill 1876-79 Madsen. Martin St. Peter Minn. . .1876-77 Mathre, Sewel L Lisbon Ill 1876-81 Muus, Nils Holden Minn . . . 1876-79 Rasmussen, Emil Rush River Wis 1876-77 *Rogne. Erik T Valders Wis 1876-82 A. B., 1882 *Rygg, Oluf Sverre Glenwood Minn . . . 1876-82 A. B., 1882 *Rygh, George Alfred Taylor.. .Holden Minn. . .1876-81 A. B., 1881 Slette, Gudbrand O Albert Lea Minn. . .1876-79 Storaasli, Engebret G Rushford Minn . . . 1876-80 *Saevig, Ola M Rushford Minn. . .1876-77 S0renson, S0ren A Manitowoc Wis 1876 Teigen, Ole H Harmony Minn . . . 1876-82 *Thorlaksson, Nils Stein?rimr. .Winchester Wis 1876-81 A. B., 188i *T0nnesen, T0nnes Herman. . . Martell Wis 1876-79, 1880-81 .... Valhovd, Kristian E Paint Creek la 1876-78 (C. E. Erickson) Weltha, Jacob O Story City la 1876-77 0sclid, Thorvald H Rushford Minn . . . 1876-79 1877-1878 Aaker, Hans H Ridgeway la 1877-81 Ausenhus, Nils A Kensett la 1877-82 Anderson, Franklin S Chicago Ill 1877 *Aubol, Carl O Eaton Wis 1877-83 A. B., 1883 Billington, Alexander Decorah la 1877-78 Bothne, Carl Decorah la 1877, 1879-86... .A. B., 1886 Bry. Theodor K Coon Valley Wis 1877-78, 1881-84 Clauson, Peter E Locust la 1877-80, 81 Dale, Knut K Wilmington Minn. . .1877-78 Flugum, Jens Spring Grove Minn . . . 1877-78 Fries, Jeremias F Muskego Wis 1877-82 A. B., 1882 F0rde, Ole A .Locust la 1877 Games, Botolf H Mabel Minn . . . 1877-8.S A. B., 1885 Gullord, Emil B Coon Valley Wis 1877-79 Hanson, Haldor Grand Mound la 1877-83 A. B., 1833 Hektoen, Ludvig Westby Wis 1877-83 A. B., 1833 Helgen, Albert J Albert Lea Minn. . .1877-78 Hermanson, Martin B Spring Grove Minn . . . 1877 Istad, Edward N Locust la 1877-80 Jerdee, Christopher Koshkonong Wis 1877-78 Ki(e)land, Gustav H Manitowoc Wis 1877-83 A. B., 1883 Kopang, John Root Prairie Minn . . . 1877-79 Koren, William Decorah la 1877-82 A. B., 1882 Langen, Lars Hesper la 1877-78 Larsen, Herman Decorah la 1877-89 A. B., 1889 Larson, Syvert Westby Wis 1877-80 Lerst0l, Ananias North Prairie Minn . . . 1877-78 Liberg, Peter O Mankato Minn . . . 1877-79 Lobben, Jens L. A Blair Wis 1877-79 Lore, Hans M. O Albert Lea Minn. . .1877-79 L0kken, Anders O Koshkonong Wis 1877-78 *Magelssen, Hans Manitowoc Wis 1877-83 A. B., 1883 Mikkelson, Martin M Roche-a-Cree Wis 1877-79 Myhre, Martinus E Wilmington Minn. . . 1877 Nupen. K. M Ossian la 1877 Opheim, Ole B Estherville la 1877-79 Opsahl, Gudbrand Albert Lea Minn. .. 1877-78 *Opsahl, Theodor G Manchester Minn. . .1877-84 A. B., 1884 *Preus, Johan Wilhelm Keyser Wis 1877-82 A. B., 1882 *Rasmussen, Wilhelm Augustin Lisbon Ill 1877-82 ATTENDANCE 217 Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation Rikansrud, Ole T.. . . Elon la . Minn . . . la .la Tex Wis la .la .la ] .la 1 Minn. . .1 .la Minn. . . .Minn. . . .la .Wis .la .la la . Minn . . . .Wis la . Minn. . . la .Wis .la .la . Minn. . . . Minn . . . la .Minn. . . Ill .Wis . Minn . . . . Minn . . . . Minn . . . .la .la . (S.) Dak. . Minn . . . .Wis .la . Minn. . . la .Minn. . . .Wis .Minn . . . . Minn . . . . Canada.. . Minn. . . .Wis . Minn . . . . Minn. . . .Minn. . . la . Minn. . . .Ill .la . Minn . . . .la . Norway . .Wis .Wis .la .la . Minn . . . .la . Minn . . . 1 .111 1 .Wis 1 .Minn. . . 1 877-80 877-78 Locust Locust Clifton Beloit Decorah Decorah Nelson). Decorah 1878-1879 Ridgeway Bratsberg Winnebago Spring Grove 877 Saettre, O. M 877-82 Thomassen, Thomas . 877 877-78 Tobiasen, Henry. . . . 877-78 *Vik, Eivind Voldeng, Nils M. (M. Aakre, Johannes. . . . 877-84 877-83 878 878-80 .A. .A. B., B., 1884 1883 *Belsheim, Ole G 878-79, 1880-82. 878-79 878-79 1878-79 Blixrud, Hans *Dahl, Peder H . Flugum, Christian N. Winnebago La Crosse Decorah Locust Northwood Douglas Trempealeau Decorah Harmony Decorah Frenchville Dalby Northwood Fountain Arendal Estherville Harmony Chicago stein) G.. Scandinavia Arendal Albert Lea Eidsvold Locust Hesper Trysil Le Seuer River. . . Blair Lime Springs .... Frich, Gerhard 1878-81 Frvslie, Benjamin . . . F0rde, Ole H 1878-85 1878-82 .A. B. 1885 Halland, John G. . . . 1878-84 1878-81 .A. B. 1884 1878-80 Hanson, Theodor. . . . Harstad, Aanund. . . . Hegg, Oscar N 1878 1878-79 1878-82 Hillestad, Iver 1878-79 Hjort, Jacob L *Hove, Filing O Isakson, Isak 1878 1878-84 1878-80 .'a'. B. 1884 Iversen, Helge 1878-79 Jensvold, Johannes. . Kirkelie, Kjdstulf.... Krog, Hans 1878-79 1878-79 1878-81 *Krostu, Gunsten (Gu 1878-80 Krohn, Eugene Kvam, Johannes J. . . *Langemo, Halvor T.. Leidahl, Julius Lein, Carl O 1878-85 1878 1878-83 1878 1878-82 A. '.A. B. B. 1885 1883 *Lee, Olav E Lindberg, Knut 1878-83 1878-79 .A. B. 1883 Lobben, Lars 1878-79 L0vald, Hans H 1878-82 Moen, Leif Bratsberg Paint Creek Holden Beaver Creek .... Zumbrota Wanamingo Winnipeg Preston Westby Vineland Holden Fergus Falls Decorah Bratsberg Chicago Locust Spring Grove Decorah Christiania Manitowoc Rock Prairie Paint Creek 1878-79 Monserud, Martin. . . Muus, Jens J 1878-79 1878-79 Nelson, A. O 1878-81 Ness, Jens A Nordbv, Jens N 1878-84 1878-84 .A B. 1884 Oddson, Haldor 1878-80 Pederson, Martin.. . . Ramstad, Ola Reishus, G. J 1878 1878-83 1878-80 '.A. B. 1883 Remmen, Thomas. . . 1878-80 *Ringstad, Johannes J 1878-82 Roalkvam, Tjeran. . . 1878-79 Rynning, Johan L. . . Seehuus, Martin 1878-79 1878-83 Selland, Peder E . . . . 1878-79 Stortroen, Halvor J. . 1878-80. . . . . S0rland, Erik 1878-79 Tande, Ole Torrison, Oscar M. . . Trulson, Halvor Turkop, Olaus O . . . . 1878-79 1878-81 878-79 1878-80 . .A. .A. B. B. 1879 1881 Tvedt, Johannes A. . Story City 878-79. . . *Ulsaker, Sven K Vik, Erik G Aase, Lars R Kenyon Decorah 1879-1880 Kenyon Clifton Coon Valley Vang 878-83 878 879-83 .A. B., 1883 Anderson, Christian. . 879-80 Baukol, Peder 879-82 *Beyer, Ole B. (Nilsen) 879-80 218 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation Braaten, Anton O Kenyon Minn . Braaten, Torstein Vang Minn . B0kseth, Bernhard A St. Olaf Minn . *Fjeldstad, RoUef K. Relief sen. Stony Run Minn. Germo, I var G Decorah la ... . Grose, Ingebrikt F Kenyon Minn . Hulsaether, Ludvig L Koshkonong Wis . . . *Jahren, Johan H Montevideo Minn . Kalheim, Ole M Lisbon Ill Kitelsrud, Ole J Norwegian Grove. . . Minn . Kirkeberg, A. C Fort Dodge la ... . *Langemo, John Thorbj0rn .... Eidsvold Minn . *Larsen, Christian M Springville Wis. . . .1879-80 ,1879-81 ,1879-80 ,1879-81 1879-82 1879-1885 A. B., 1885 1879-80 .1879-84 A. B., 1884 .1879-84 A. B., 1884 .1879-81 .1879-80, 1887-88 .1879-83 A. B., 1883 .1879-83. . . . : A. B., 1883 STUDENT BODY FORTY YEARS AGO Larsen, Lauritz A Chicago *Lee, Ole T Lyle Lee, Wilhelm Decorah Lie, Halvor O Ridgeway *Lien, Abel Edvard Christiana Losen, Peder Hesper L0kensgaard, Knut O Swan Lake Meidell, Hans Calamus *Mellang, Peder K Ridgeway Melsnees, Adolf Trempealeau Valley, Melsnaes, Ole O Renville Moe, Lars L Otis Grove *Mortensen, Vilhelm A. M Portland *M0rstad, Erik O Eau Claire Neperud, Carl . Coon Valley Remmen, Nils E Holden Shefioe, Joseph S Waukon Skyberg, Hans Grand Meadow . . . . Stianson, Peder D St. Joseph Str0m, Feodor Decorah Str0m, Herman Decorah S0rum, Hans Elon Tvedt, Peder J ; . . Carlisle Ill 1879-86. . . . Minn, . .1879-84 la 1879-81 la 1879-80 Wis 1879-85 A la 1879-81 Minn. . .1879-81 la 1879-81 la 1879-82, 1885-87.. . , Wis 1879-80 Minn. . .1879-80 Wis 1879-82 Oregon.. 1879-81 Wis 1879-80 Wis 1879-84 Minn . . . 1879-80, 1881-84. . . la 1879-85 A Minn. . .1879-81, 1883-87... , Mo 1879 la 1879-80 la 1879-80 la 1879-83 Minn. . .1879-80. A. B., 1886 A. B., 1884 ATTENDANCE 219 Student Post Office Years at Luther College Graduation 1880-1881 Aasgaard, Ole Elk Creek Wis 1880-82 Aasterud, John P Rush River Wis 1880-81 Asbjeld, Anders Silver Lake Minn. . .1880-81 Aubolee, Mads O Castle Rock Wis 1880-84 Berg, Otto S Arendal Minn . . . 1880 Berset, Peder E Renville Minn. . .1880-81 Brcekke. Johan B Trempealeau Valley. Wis 1880-81 *Dahl, Olaus Lochiel Wis 1880-85 Davidson, Peter Coon Valley Wis 1880-81 Donhowe (Donhaug), Olavus GStory City la 1880-85 Emerson, Ingebright Luther Valley Wis 1880-82 Esposs, Peder A Chicago Ill 1880, 1882-84. Estrem, Andreas (Andrew). . . . Cresco la 1880-86 Estrem, Joseph O Willmar Minn. . .1880-85 Flatland, Jens Zumbrota Minn . Forthun, Albert West Prairie Wis. . . Fuglei, Ole K Albion Neb. . Hagen, S0ren O Windom. .- Minn. Halvorson, Sigurd Decorah la . .A. B., 1885 .A. B., 1886 .1880-81. . 1880-82 . . 1880-86 . . 1880-85 . .1880-82, .A. B., 1886 Hilleberg, Ole T Norway . 1880-82 . Jensen, Mads C Alden Mmn. . Jenson, Ole Anton Kewaunee Wis. . . . Jenson, Peder C Renville Minn . . *Larsen, Thorvald Cereal Minn . . Lund, John H Swan Lake Minn . . Markhus, George Millbrook Ill *Mortensen, Peder Washington Co Neb . . . Mydland, Jacob Norway Maeland, Edwind Henrytown Ml'^" ■ 1880-85 . 1880-81. 1880 1880-84. 1880-84. 1880-85 . 1880-83 . 1880. . . 1880-82 . .A. B., 1884 .A. B., 1884 A. B., 1885 Neperud, Nordal N Coon Valley Wis 1880-85 . Norom, Karl Franklin Minn . . . 1880-82, Norsving, Knut Vang Minn . . . 1880-82 . Naeset, Aslak O Vinje Minn. . .1880-81. Ongstad, Sophus H Pelican Rapids Minn. . .1880-86. Onstad, Peter O St. James Minn. . .1880-84. *Ovri (0vri), Ellend J Albert Lea Minn . . . 1880-86 . Pederson, Magnus Elon la 1880-83 . *Peterson, Sophus Christian N.Norway Lake Minn. . .1880-86. Rasmussen, Anton Th Decorah la. . . Romsaas, Ole T Pilot Mound Minn Sander, Bernt B Decorah la . . . Shellum, Jacob St. James Minn Skjervem, O. H Rock Dell Minn Stensrud, Knut Sacred Heart Minn Storheim, Knut Clear Lake la . . . Sviggum, Erik York Wis 1880-82 Teigen, 0sten F Zion, Chippewa Co . Minn . . . 1880-81 Thorstenson, Lars Winnebago la 1880-81 Thorstenson, Thorsten A Amboy Minn. . .1880-81 *Tingelstad, Joh(a)n O Norman (N) Dak. 1880-85 Tomassen, John Independence Wis. . . Torrison, George A Manitowoc Wis. . . Tvenge, Torsten Decorah la ... . Unseth, Theodor Westby Wis. . . 0verli, Ole A Butbrunt Valley. . . . Minn . .A. B., IJ .A. B., 1886 .A. B., 1886 1880-81 ,1880-83 , 1880-82 , 1880-82 .1880-81 .1880-83, 1884-85. .1880 A. B., 1885 1880-83, 1884-85 1887-89, 1890-91 1880-85 A. B., 1885 1880-82 1880-81 . 1880-82 (Algjeld), Hans Monson. Bakken, Johan M Berge, Johan J Dokken, Ole Finseth, Knut A *Fjeldstad, Halvor O . 1881-1882 , Indviken Norway , . Kenyon Minn . . . .Dell Minn. . . , Renville Minn , . , . Kenyon Minn . . . Arendal Minn . Granrud, John E Pelican Rapids Minn . Haatvedt, Knut L Carlisle Minn . Hanson, Adolph Albert Lea Minn. Haugen, Christian A Coon Valley Wis. . . Hove, Ola J Calmar la , . , . Jacobson, Axel Willmar Minn . *Johnson, Martin O Manitowoc Wis. . . Jordahl, Daniel C Beaver Creek Minn . 881-82 881-82 881-86 881-88 881-86 881 881-83 881 : . 881-83 881, 1883-85. 881-83 881-88 .A. B., 1886 A. B., 1888 .A. B., 1886 .A. B., 1888 220 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation *Jorgenson, Jacob Edvard New Centerville. . . .Wis.. Knudson, Johannes C Rock Run Wis. . , *Lee, Gustav T Lyle Minn . *Levorson, John ■. . Bristol la ... . Liebakken, Bernt J Watson Logan, Fred Chcago *Lundeberg, Knut O Carlisle Mindrem, Ole A Bratsberg.. . . Nupen, B. P. A Ossian Pladsen, Nils T Sacred Heart . *Rikansrud, Olaus T Elon Ruste, Edward Perry . .Minn. . 111. . . . Minn. . Minn, .la ... . . Minn . . la . . . Wis. Sanda, Stener K Norway . Sanderson, Knut Saude la *Seltveit, Carl G Hviteseid Norway. Swenson, Laurits S Norseland Minn . . . Syverud, Thrond A Forward Wis Teigseth, Andrew O Utica Wis Tellefson, Martin Lyle Minn . . . Tellefson, Theodor Lyle Minn . . . Thompson, Ole Wis *Thorpe, Ove Boyesen Wangensten Granite Falls Minn . . . *T0nnesen, Theodor Jorgen EmilMilwaukee Wis *Urnes, Johannes A Adamsville Wis Vig, Peter O Granite Falls Minn . . . *Ylvisaker, Ivar Daniel Zumbrota Minn . . , Ylvisaker, Olaf Zumbrota Minn . . , 1882-1883 Amundson, H. E Bel videre Minn . . , Bakke, J. P Woodside la *Beito, Gulbrand G Decorah la *Blegen, Hans Andreas H Washington Prairie. la. -86 A. B., 1886 -88.'. . .'.'.'.'.'.A. B.','l888 -88 A. B., 1888 -82 -84 -si ^ '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. -88. . . .A.B., 1883 -82 -82' '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. -82 -&6. ...... . !a. B., 1886 -84 -83 -82 -86 A. B., 1886 -84 -82, 1884-86 ' i.' . ^ ^ . ^ .A. B., 1888 1 A. B., 1888 *Bogstad, Rasmus R Rising Sun Wis *B0e, Nils N. O Northfield Minn . . . Dahle, John L Waseca Minn . . . Eggen, Ole N Prairie Farm Wis Engebretson, Anton A Grafton (N.)Dak. Evenrud, Nels A Woodville la Fardal, Nils E Lake Center la Felland, Carl M Utica Wis Folven, Rasmus J Stony Run Minn . . . *Fuglebak, Daniel J Rising Sun Wis Gangestad, Severin M Bode la *Gullixon, George Albert Bode la *Ingebrigtson, Johan Edward . .Albert Lea Minn . . . Jacobson, J. N Beaver Creek Minn . . . Juul, Jacob A Chicago Ill Kjome, G. N Highlandville la *Kvaase, Daniel Keyser Wis *Lunde, Johannes H. C Zumbrota Minn . . . Mikkelsen, Michael A Chicago Ill Mohn, Bernt E Oslo Minn . . . Munson, L. A Vang Minn . . . *Nesseth, Guttorm P Zumbrota Minn . . . *N0dshilder, Hans A Stony Run Minn , . . Olson, Albert Chicago Ill *Ottersen, Ole Alpena Mich. . . . Remmen, Martin E Holden Minn. . . Reque, Syver B Spring Grove Minn . . . Rodegaard, Andrew New Richland Minn. . . Rogde, P. J Lee Ill *Rognlie, Parelius H Vineland Minn . . . Rossing, Anton A Argyle Wis Shelver, N. G. J Sheldon (N.)Dak. *Skov, Villads B Perth Amboy N. J Smedsrud, Ole L Spring Grove Minn . . . *Strand, Joh(a)n J Lelandsburg la Str0m, Carl. Zumbrota Minn. . . Thorson, M Ossian la Tollakson, Ole S Argyle Wis Veek, Ole H Brodhead Wis *Vereide, Ole M Rising Sun Wis 1882-86 A. B., 1886 1882-84 1882-89 A. B., 1889 1882-86 A. B., 1886 1883-87 1882-86 A. B., 1886 1882-83 1882-84, 1885-86 1882-86 1882-84 1882-86 A. B., 1886 1882-84 1882-83 1882-85 1882-83 1882-87, 1888-90. A. B., 1890 1882-89 A. B., 1889 1882-85 1882-83 1882-83 1882-85 A. B., 1885 1882-89 A. B., 188.9 1882-86 A. B., 1886 1882-84, 1885-88 1882-85 1882-87, 1889-90 1882-86 1882-83 1882-89 A. B., 1889 1882-88 A. B., 1888 1882-84 1882-84 1882-85 1883 1882-83 1882-83 1882-86 1882-83 1882-89 A. B.. 1889 1882-83 1882-87 1882-84 1882-84 1882-89 A. B., 1889 ATTENDANCE 221 Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Vik, Rasmus M Lisbon (N.)Dak.l882-84 . Wold, Ole E Evansville Minn. . .1882-84. 0ie, Ole E Lac qui Parle Minn . . . 1882-84 . 1883-1884 Aaberg, Syifest Yellow Medicine . . . Minn . . . 1883-85 *Akre, John Stony Run Minn . . . 1883-84 Anderson, Botolf Kenyon Minn . . . 1883-86 Anderson, Isaac Des Moines la 1883-90 A. B., 1890 Bakke, O. E Vernon Minn. . .1883-84 Bakke, Peter H Eidsvold Minn . . . 1883-88 A. B., 1888 Berg, O. P Argyle Wis 1883-84 Berge, Oluf A Beloit la 1883-85 Bidrn, Herman C Zumbrota Minn . . . 1883-87 Blixrud, Christian M Spring Grove Minn . . . 1883-84 Bolstad, Sjur Reedstown Wis 1883-85, 1886-87 Bondhus, N. T Calamus la 1883-87 Brauer, Carl W Mabel Minn . . . 1883-85 *Breivik, Gabriel I I ee Ill 1883-87 Christensen, E GayWlle (S.) Dak.1883-84 Dahl, Herman Yellow Medicine . . . Minn . . . 1883-84 *Dolven, Andreas O Whitehall Wis 1883-88 Ernst, Henry Alden Minn. . .1883-84 Finsen. Paul S. Th Mountain (N.)Dak.l883-8S Fjellestad, K. O Arendal Minn . . . 1883-86 Forsyth, H Oconomowoc Wis 1883-84 Frich, Carl La Crosse Wis 1883-84 Gilbertson, G. T Whitehall Wis 1883-84 Grinder, A. M Perry Wis 1883-84 Grover, C. A Glyndon Minn. . .1883-84 Gunderson, Einar G Chicago Ill 1883-84 Haagenson, Ole La Crosse Wis 1883-84 Haarvig, K Chicago Ill 1883-84 Hagen, Olaf A Windom. Minn . . . 1883 Hagen, Otto G Waterville la 1883-86 Harstad, A Freedom Ill 1883-84 Hilstad, A. E Stevenstown Wis 1883-84 Ingvoldstad, K Decorah la 1883-84 Johnson, Louis Hoylton Ill 1883-84 Johnson, Nils J Mansfield Minn . . . 1883-84 Johnson, N. O Highlandville la 1883-85 *Kittilsby, Peter Andreas Calmar la 1883-88 A. B., 1888 Knutson, Nils.. Gem la 1883-84 Knutson, Thomas Harmony Minn . . . 1883-85 *Kvale, Ole J Decorah la 1883-90 A. B., 1890 Landing, L. M Stony Run Minn . . . 1883-84 Laxdahl, Daniel Mountain (N.)Dak.l883-88 Lee, Theodor Decorah la 1883-84 *Linnevold, Johan Decorah la 1883-90 A. B., 1890 Mason, Christian M Whitewater Wis 1883-84 *Mellby, Carl August New Richland Minn. . .1883-88 A. B., 1888 Mellem, Edwin G Northwood la 1883-90 A. B., 1890 Myhre, P. F Onalaska Wis 1883-84 Ness, Iver O Richland (N.) Dak. 1883-85 *Nielsen. Edias Lee Ill 1883-84 Olson, Oliver T Newburg Minn . . . 1883-84 *Palm, Stilluf Tobias St. Paul Minn . . . 1883-85 .' Pederson, Johannes Chicago Ill 1883-85 Petterson, George Granite Falls Minn . . . 1883-86 Preus, Paul Keyser Wis 1883-84. Reque, Peter A Spring Grove Minn . . . 1883-91 A. B., 1891 Ring, Mathias Yellow Medicine . . . Minn . . . 1883-84 Rollefson, Carl I Stony Run Minn . . . 1883-86 Skaar, J. M Utica Wis 1883-84 Solseth, Josias S Harmony Minn . . . 1883-84 *Solum, Henry E Spring Grove Minn. . .1883-90 A. B., 1890 Styrkson, Styrk Rochester Minn . . . 1883-84 Teslow, A. A Albert Lea Minn. . .1883-84 *Thorkveen, Lars P Rising Sun Wis 1883-85 Thuen, P. A Chicago Ill 1883-85 Tjelle, Teirris Braceville Ill 1883-84 Unseth, Magnus Westby Wis 1883-90 A. B., 1890 Vaatvedt, G. C. (Gilbertson). .Vernon Minn. . . 1883-84 Veek, Christopher Brodhead Wis 1883-85 222 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation Wiese, Jacob A Huxley la 1883-84 . *Woll, Oluf (Olaf) Christiansund Norway. 1883-84. 0de, Gustav H Decorah la 1883-84 . *0xendahl, Iver L Decorah la 1883-85 . 1884-1 885 Bakkerud, H Alpena Mich.. Bothne, Erling A Chicago Ill ... . *Egge, John I Norway Minn . Ellertson, Carl E Bratsberg Minn . . . Engelson, Chr. J Brookings (S.) Dak. Foshage, John Mount Horeb Wis. . . : . Gimmestad, A. M Redwood Falls Minn . . . *Gimmestad, Lars M Redwood Falls Minn . . . Harstad, Oscar A Arendal Minn. . . Haugen, Christopher E Woodside la Hove, J. T Kenyon Minn . . . Haugejordet, Knut Bratsberg Minn . . . Johnson, Martinius Madison (S.) Dak, Johnson, Selmer Minneapolis Minn . . . .Wis. .Wis.. .la..., .la ... , .Wis.. .Minn. . la . . . *Klevjord, Ole O' Macfarland *Larsen, Bernt Julius Pigeon Falls Lestrud, A. A Kensett .... Lien, O. E Elgin *Litsheim, Johannes O Keyser Loftness, G Gibbon Aladsen, C. A Calmar Moore, Henry W Decorah la *Myhre, Olaf C Holden Minn . . . *Nilsson, Thomas Minneapolis Minn . . . *Nordgaard, Nils N Decorah la Olson, Hillmar Hoboken N. J . . . . *Reitan, Bernt J Woodville Wis *Sperati, Carlo Alberto Brooklyn N. Y. . . . Steensland, Morten M Madison . Wis Sterud, Herman Volga (S.) Dak Storaker, E. P Watson Minn . . . *Swalestuen, J0rgen D Bratsberg Minn . . . Swennes, Ole S Barre Mills Wis *Swensen, Daniel Rising Sun Wis Thuland, Conrad M : . . . Decorah la Torgerson, L. W Bristol la Torrison, Gustav Manitowoc Wis *Tufte, Martin Cornelius Decorah la Void, O. E Portland (N.)Dak *Wiprud, Thorgrim T Tracy Minn. . . *Xavier, Karl Franklin Minn . . . 0degaarden, H Kenyon Minn . . . 1884-86 1884-86, 1888-94.. A. B., 1894 1884-87 1884-88 1884-85 1884-85 1884-86 1884-91 A. B., 1891 1884-87 1884-91 A. B., 1891 1884-85 1884-85 1884-86 1884-85 1884-85 1884-85 1884-85 1884-85 1884-85 1884-85 1884-85 1884-91 A. B.. 1891 1884-87 1885-89 A. B., 1889 1884-91. 1884-85. 1884-85 . 1884-88. 1884-90. .1884-85. 1884-85. 1884-86. 1884-91 . 1884-85. 1884-85 . 1884-85 . 1884-86. 1884-91 . 1884-86 . 1884-89 , 1884-87, 1884-86. A. B., 1891 .A. B., 1888 .A. B., 1890 .A. B., 1891 .A. B., 1885 A. B., 1891 1888-92.. A. B., 1892 1885-1886 *BalIestad, Erik T Clark Mills. Bean, O. G Callender. . . Beito, O. G Decorah . . . . Bakkum, Anders T Amboy Dahlen, Knut T Lillemon . . . .Wis., .la. .. . la . . . .Minn .Minn Davidson, Orlando E Decorah la . . . *Eden, Martin Peter Lee 111. . . Eide, Edward Bratsberg Minn Giere, E Rock Dell . . . .' Minn Golberg, E Rock Dell Minn Grundesen, Grunde H Fisher Minn Gylstr0m, Paul Minneapolis Minn Haga, Martin Decorah la. . . Hagen, Edward Waterville la . . . Haugan, Carl Minneapolis Minn *Hovde, Christian Joachim Mohn Blair Wis.. *Hovde, Kolbein Sigvart Johannes Blair Wis. . *Johnson, Alfred Otto Red Wing Minn Kaasa, Edward O Ridgeway la . . . Kittelson, Albert Utica Wis. . 885-89 885-87 885-96 885-86 885-87, 1888-92, 1893-94 A. B., 1894 885-92 ...A. B., 885-92 . 885-86 . 885-87 . 885-87 . 885-92 . 885-87. 885-86 . 885-86. 885-91 . 885-92 . 1892 .A. B., 1892 .A. B., 1892 885-90, 1891-93 885-91 A. B., 1891 885-92 A. B., 1892 885-86 ATTENDANCE 223 Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation Nummedal, Edward Tenold la Olson, Ole Minneapolis Minn . . . Quammen, J. L Blair Wis Quarve, J. E Spring Grove Minn. . . Ramsey, Elling Manchester Minn . . . *Rue, Halvor S Portland (N.)Dak. *ReSdsaeter, Theodor Adolph Manchester Minn. . . Slinde, Albert J Albert Lea Minn. . . S0lsness, Lars New Richland Minn . . . Tasa, Iver A ; Holden Minn . . . Tausan, G Portland (N.)Dak. Thorstenson, Th Silliards Minn . . . *Tolo, Thore O Willmar Minn. . . Venaas, G Cambridge Wis Wange, Ole Ada Minn . . . *Xavier, Johan Ulrik Franklin Minn . . . 0ie, Lars L Randall la 1885-86 1885-86 1885-86 1885-86 1885-88 1885-92 A. B., 1892 1885-91 1885-87 1885-87 1885-87 1885-86 1885-86 1885-90 A. B., 1890 1885-86 1885-86 1885-88, 1889-93. .A. B., 1893 1885-86 1886-1887 *Akre, Ole J Highlandville la *Andersen, Johannes N Blair Neb .... *Berg, Nils I Albion Neb .... Bergerud, P. S Spring Grove Minn . . . *Bestul, Christian Brandt Wittenberg Wis Bly, O. J Lee Ill *Bl8ekkan, Ingebrigt J Provemont Mich. . . . Boe, H. O Ossian la Bonde, T. T Nerstrand Minn . . . Brown, G. B Blue Earth City. ... Minn . . . Braekke, David B Rock Dell Minn . . . *Christensen, Martin AlexanderForest Citv la Dahl, Gerhard A Dell Minn . . . Fardal, J Stanhope la Germo, Lars P Decorah la Gullixon, Oscar F Bode la *Holden, Ole Martin Bode la Hustvedt, Henry Nora Wis Johnson, J. G Norseland Minn . . . Johnsrud, Oscar Manitowoc Wis *Kvam, Isak J Gilman Wis Lee, G. A Lake Mills la Lund, Albert B Northwood la Madsen, M. A . Hartland Minn . . . *Magelssen, Hans Gvnther. . . . Bratsberg Minn. . . *Meland, Rasmus J Dell Minn. . . Michelson, Walter Chicago Ill Monson, Sivert Emerald Minn. . . Morrison, Morris Westbv Wis Myhre, C. G Walcott (N.)Dak. Nelson, N. W Lee Ill Olsen, Gilbert Calmar la Olsen, Ole T Herscher Ill Olson, Oscar L Marcus la Oswald, K. (Abrahamson) . . . .Norman (N.)Dak. Pederson, Bernhard S Brooklyn N. Y. . . . Peterson, John Decorah la Reque, William A Spring Grove Minn . . . Rossing, M. H Bode la R0berg, Richard Decorah la Sibelrud, Christen A Hartland Minn . . . Skolaas, M. H Door Creek Wis Solberg, H. E Spring Grove Minn . . . *Stensrud, Edward Martinus . .Sacred Heart Minn. . . Stephenson, Knut Lake Mills la *Str0m, Eimar Ingvald Zumbrota Minn. . . Tangen, J. O Pigeon Falls Wis Thorsen, Axel A Rock Dell Minn. . . *Torgerson, AugustinuSi Jen- senius Bristol la Torgerson , S. V. B Bristol la Torrison, Norman Manitowoc Wis -93 A. B., 1893 -88, 1889-91 -92 A. B., 1892 -87. . . -93... . -87. . . -92 . . . -87 -91 -87, 1888-89. -90 i-92 i-93 )-87 .A. B., 1893 !a. 'B.,'i892 A. B., 1892 .A. B., 1893 886-90 886-89, 1891-94. 886-87 886-87, 1889-92. A. B., 1894 886-90. 886-87. 886-90 . 886-87 . 887-94. 886-92 . 886-87 . 886 886-88, 886-87 . 886-87. 886-87. 886-89 . 886-93 . 886-87 . 886-88 . 886-87. 886-89 . 886-88 . 886-87 . 886-87 . 886-87 . 886-87 . 886-93 . 886-87. 886-91 . .A. B., 1893 .A. B., 1893 '.A.'B.",'i89i 886-87, 1888-91. 886-88, 1889-90 886-87, 1888-92 886-89 A. B., 1889 224 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEAR: Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation 1887-1888 Aaker. John T Ridgeway la Anderson, Adolph Taopi (S.) Dak Beaver, Andreas Kasson Minn Bolstad, Edward Utica Wis.. Brager, Torgrim Nora Minn Bysted, Anders L Kempton 111. . . Ellertson, Andreas Bratsberg Minn Gustavson, Alexander Hartland Minn Halland, Alfred Northwood la . . . Hanson, H. L Gayville (S.) Dak Hanson, Johan (Kongtorg).. . Tracy Minn Helgen, Albert Albert Lea Minn Hilmen, J. T Mishicott Wis. . Jukam, J. G Mishicott Wis. . *Juul, Otto Gerhard Chicago 111. . . Kjome, Gustav Highlandville la . . . Landsverk, John P Lawler la . . . Lane, L. C London Minn Larson, Norman Lake Crystal Minn Lee, Gisle M Utica Wis . . Lilleskau, E. J Chicago Ill . . Mjelde, F. M Black Earth Wis.. Norom, Jacob Franklin Minn Olsen, Lars J Herscher 111. . . Pederson, Oliver Amboy Minn Reitan. Anders S Wild Rice (N.)Dak Simmons, J. A Appleton Minn . . Sterud, John M Volga (S.) Dak *Thoen, Jacob E Northwood la . . . Thompson, A Albert Lea Minn Thorsgaard, Carl L. (Karl).. . .Springville Wis. . Wierson, Bernhard Roland la . . . 887-93 7-91 A. B., 1893 1888-1889 Aas, Edward Lanesboro Minn . . . Apeldseth, John A Palisade (N.)Dak, Beaver, Albert M Kasson Minn . . . Brevig, Nils J Sacred Heart Minn . . . *Brevig, Oluf Leonhard Sacred Heart Minn. . B0rreson, Johan G St. Louis Mo Glaeserud, Christian P Blackhammer Minn. . . Gunderson, Henry B Stanwood Wash . . . *Haatvedt (Hotvedt), Lars A. Spillville la Hefty, Theodor N Spring Grove Minn . Helgeson, Charles T Waupun Wis Hesla, Albert Waterville la Hesla, Stengrim Sioux Rapids la Kjos, Lars O Spring Grove Minn . . . Knutson, Andreas Lime Grove la *Kvamme, Kristen Eau Claire Wis *Larsen, Nikolai Astrup Decorah la Lee, Andrew Hanley Falls Minn. . . Lomen, Even P Sioux Falls (S.) Dak. Magelssen, Peter J Rushford Minn . . . Magelssen, Wilhelm C Bratsberg Minn . . . *Moldstad, Joh(a)n(nes) A . . . . De Forest Wis Narum, Edwin Waterville la Nelson, Edward M Yankton (S.) Dak. *01sen, Engel Olai Eau Claire Wis Opheim, Ola S Thor la ♦Orwoll, Sylvester Martinus . . . Hanley Falls Minn . . . Peterson, Henry Mott Wis Peterson, John R Minneapolis Minn . . . Railson, Elmer M Norway Lake Minn . . . Ramsey, Peter Decorah la Reque, Gerhard S Spring Grove Minn . . . *Reque, Sigvard Theodor Willmar Minn . . . Ruh, August New Lisbon Wis Ryberg, Christian Ventrup Denmark Ryan, Carl V Stanwood Wash . . . 887-88 887-89 887-90 887-88 887-88 887-89 887-89 887-90 887-89 887-88 887-88 887-88, 1891-92. 887-94 887-88 'a. B., 1894 887-95 887-88 .A. B. 1895 887-89 887-89 887-88 887-89 887-88 887-91 887-88, 1889-90. 1891-92 887-92 887-92 887-88 1887-92 1887-88 .A. B. 1892 887-96 1887-88 1889-92 A. B. 1896 888-89 888-89 888-91 888-92 . 1888-94 888-89 A. B. 1894 1888-89 1888-91 889-95 888-90 .A. B , 1895 888-89 888-90 888-89 1888-89 888-89 . . 888-94 1888-96 1888-89 .A. A. B. B. 1894 1896 1888-89 1888-89 1888-89, 1890-91, 1897-98 1888-94 1888-89 . . . .A. B. 1894 1888-89 1888-92 1888-94 1889-95 888-89 . . . . .A. .A. B. B. 1894 1895 1888-94 1888-90 .A. B. 1894 1888-91 1888-95 1888-92 1888-90 .A. B. 1892 1888-89 1888-92 ATTENDANCE 225 Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation Sampson, George Rio Wis Sollien, Andrew J Quandahl la Thompson, Tobias T Sioux Rapids la Thorson, Ivar August Rock Dell Minn . . . *Tjernagel, Helge Matias Story City la Tvesme, John N Hegg Wis Tvetlee, B. E New Richmond. . . .Wis Venaas, Martin Cambridge Wis ♦Waller, Martinus Christian . . . Glasgow Wis Williams, Louis C Mayville (N.)Dak. *Ylvisaker, Schak Joakim Nic- olaus Zumbrota Minn . . . 1889-1890 *Aasen, Andrew O Rockdale Wis. . *Aastad, Iver T Aastad Minn Agre, Ole M Sacred Heart Minn Aker, John S Highlandville la . . . Amblie, Johannes N St. Olaf la . . . Anderson, Anton Christiania Minn *Berthelsen, Hans Peter Decorah la . . . *Brevig, Samuel Bernhoff Sacred Heart Minn *Buslee, Adolph Martin Chicago Ill . . . Fosmark, Anders Keyser Wis. . Hanson, Jens Th Sioux Falls S. D . Hefty, Nils O Spring Grove Minn Hektoen. Martin Madison Wis. . Helvig, Ole Roland la . . . Herreid, Hans A Washington Prairie . la . . . Hornseth, Richard Renville Minn *Hougstad, Christian Glasgow Wis. . Hovde, Francis Blair Wis. . Hovden, Stener G Ridgeway la . . . Jacobson, Edward Debello Wis. . Jensen, Alfred C Brookville Wis. . Johnson, Benton J Belmond la . . . *Juul, Martin Bernhard Chicago 111. . . Kaupanger, Louis J Stoughton Wis. . Lende, Fred Cottonwood Minn Lewison, Eli Vermilion S. D . Lomen, Knut E Sioux Falls S. D.. Ludvigson, Nils H Norman la . . . *Lunde, Amund Frenchville Wis . . Nash, Rudolph Mt. Sterling Wis.. Nasse, Peter Decorah la . . . Nelson, N. C Decorah la . . . Ness, Hildus Washington Prairie. la. . . Opsahl, Albert J Albert Lea Minn Osmundson, Bernt F Quandahl la . . . Peterson, Thorvald Hector Minn *Quammen, Albert Gustavus. . .Christiania Minn Quammen, Lewis Deerfield Wis . . Ryen, Helmer C Wild Rice N. D. Seines, Ole M Washington Prairie . la . . . Severson, Hans Christiania Minn Stenrud, Erik Decorah la . . . vStensrud, Gustav O Sacred Heart Minn *Stub, Jacob Aall Ottesen Robbinsdale Minn *Swenson, Bernt Conrad Cranfill's Gap Texas Swenson, Swen G Soldier la . . . Saervold, Ola Johann Le Roy Minn S0rensen, Andrew (Andreas) . . Decorah la . . Torrison, Aaron Manitowoc Wis Torrison, William L Manitowoc Wis *Ulen, George Christian Decorah la . . Vaala, John Saude la . . Vaala, Theodore G Saude la . . Westby, Albert Washington Prairie. la. , 888-90 . 888-89, 888-89 . 888-95 . 888-94 . 888-89 . 888-89. 888-91, 888-93 . 888-91 . A. B., 1893 A. B., 1896 -91 . . . -95 . . . -90 . . . -90 -92 -93 A. -90, 1891-93.! . ." -90 .A. B., 1895 889- 92 90 91 96 A. ■90, 1891-93... . B., 1896 A. B., 1897 889-97 . . . 889 889-90, 1891-94 889-94, 1896-97. .A. B., 1897 889-90 889-90 889-90 889-94 889-91 889-93 889-91 889-96 889-90, 1892-93, 1897-98 889-90 889-90 889-91 889-90 889-91 890-91, 1893-98. .A. B., 1898 889-92, 1894-98.. A. B., 1898 889-90 889-95 A. B., 1895 889-97 A. B., 1897 889-95 889-95 A. B., 1895 889-96 889-91 889-91 889-91 1890-1891 *Aarnes, Sam H Sacred Heart Minn. . .1890-94, 1895-98.. A. B., 1898 Alfson, Aslak Christiania Minn . . . 1890-92 Anderson, Albert J Grove City Minn . . . 1890-91 226 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation ♦Anderson, Christian Barrett Minn. . .1890-96 A. B., 1896 *Astrup. Johannes Untunjambili, NatalAfrica. .. 1890-93 A. B., 1893 Beaver, Ole Kasson Minn . . . 1890-91 Beaver, Theodore Kasson Minn . . . 1890-93 Beito, A. G Decorah la 1890-91 Benson, K Garden Prairie Ill 1890-91 Berstad, Ole Fergus Falls Minn . . . 1890-91 *Boe, Ole T Ossian la 1891-94, 1896-00.. A. B., 1900 Bygland, Olav S. . ; Olnes Neb. . . .1890-96 A. B., 1896 Christlock, Gerhard S Fergus Falls Minn. . . 1890-92, 1893-94 Christenson, Haldor Grove City Minn . . . 1890-91 Christianson, John Bode la 1890-91 Clement, Erik E Decorah la 1890-91 Dahlen, Fred Oslo Minn . . . 1890-92, 1893-98. .A. B., 1898 *Dahle (Dale), John Olaus Bode la 1890-91, 1895- 1900 A. B., 1900 *D0ving, Carl Untunjambili, NatalAfrica. ..1890-93 A. B., 1893 Ellingson. Joseph Cottage la 1890-91 Foss, Eddie A Spring Grove Minn. . .1890-94 Glasoe, P. Mauritz Spring Grove Minn . . . 1890-91 Gregerson, Andrew Closter Neb .... 1890-91 Gullikson, Henry Decorah la 1890-91, 1892-94 Gullikson, Oscar Decorah la 1890-95 A. B., 1895 Gullixson, Andrew Bode la 1890-97 A. B., 1897 *Hagoes, Owe Meridian Wis 1890-91 Hallan, Christian Wall Lake Minn. . .1890-92, 1893-94, 1896-98. Hallum, Lars Highland Minn . . . 1890-91 Halvorson, Henry J Belgrade Minn . . . 1890-91 *Halvorsen, Nils E Westby Wis 1891-96 A. B., 1896 Hanson, Halvor J Nerstrand Minn . . . 1890-91 Hanson. Robert C Spencer la 1890-91 Hassel, Peter G Wittenberg Wis 1890-91 Haugen,, Carl N Pelican Rapids Minn . . . 1890-93 *Hegg, James Edward Blair Wis 1890-94, 1896-98. .A. B., 1898 *Heimdahl, Olaf Emil Grove City Minn. . .1890-95 A. B., 1895 *Hjermstad, Chr. August H. . . . Holmen Wis 1890-95 *Holey (Larson), Mikkel Decorah la 1890-92 Holl, Fred C La Crosse Wis 1890-91 Hovden, Olaus G Ridgeway la 1890-92 Ingebrigtson, Carl Sacred Heart Minn . . . 1890-92 Isakson, I Whalan Minn . . . 1890-91 Johnson, Albert Village Creek la 1890-91 ♦Johnson, John Lewis Thor la 1890-93, 1894-98. .A. B., 1898 Kieland, Christian Spring Grove Minn . . . 1890-91 Kirkeberg, Jolin M Thor la 1890-91, 1898-99 Kittilsby, Anton Calmar la 1890-95 Kj0rlaug Christopher N Newman Grove .... Neb .... 1890-92 Landsrud, Alfred O Nordness la 1890-92 Larson, Alfred Chicago Ill 1890-94 Lommen, Gustav Decorah la 1890-93 Lvngaas, Ingeman M Frankville la 1890-97 A. B., 1897 Michelson, Herbert C Chicago Ill 1890-91 Narveson, Henry Spring Grove Minn . . . 1890-91 Nelson, Henry C Spring Grove Minn . . . 1890-91 *Nervig, Anders (Andrew) J . . . Minneapolis Minn . . . 1890-93 Naeseth, Enock Decorah la 1890-93 *01sen, Holden Mathias Herscher Ill 1890-96 A. B., 1896 Olson, George Oluf Delhi Minn . . . 1890-92 Olson, George Oscar Grantsburg Wis 1890-91 Olson, Peter O Grantsburg Wis 1890-92 Omlie, Oscar K Willmar Minn, . .1890-92, 1893-95. .A. B., 1895 Opsahl, Ole H Albert Lea Minn . . . 1890-91 *Otte, Heinrich Untunjambili, NatalAfrica. .. 1890-93 A. B., 1893 Paulson, Alfred H Sacred Heart Minn . . . 1890-91 Pedersen, Peder Johannes. . . . Bode la 1890-91, 1892-94 Peterson, Hans F Fisher Minn . . . 1890-91 Raasoch, Oluf Chicago Ill 1890-91 Reque. Herman A Decorah la 1890-94 A. B., 1894 *Reque, Lauritz Stvrkard JustinDecorah la 1890-94 A. B., 1894 Ruh, Johan B New Lisbon Wis 1890-93 Ryen, Hans C Wild Rice N. D. . . . 1890-91 Sando. Adolph Baltic S. D 1890-94 : Seines, Thamas Hesper la 1890-93 ATTENDANCE 227 Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation Sigurson, Ole Rio Wis 1890-92 Simmons, Thorvvald C Appleton Minn. . .1890-91 Sivesind, Helmer O Washington Prairie .la 1890-91 Sjuraas, Bersven P Locust la 1890-92 Skatteb0l, Christian A Dell Minn. . .1890-92, 1893-94, ,, 1897-99, 1900- Skrukkerud, Martin T Sacred Heart Minn . Solseth, Anton G Watson Minn . Solseth, Edward A Watson Minn . Steensland, John G Saude la ... . Sterud, Kristian M Brookings S. D . . StorH, Nils G Lakeville Minn. Saevre, Bertinius K Kensett la ... . Toftner, Olaf A Cyrus Minn. Viste, Johan Decorah la ... . West by, Julius Waukon la ... . Wiese, Vilhelm Decorah la. . . . Wiger, Christopher E Riceford Minn . 0de, Ole P Nordness la ... . 1902. . . 1890-91 . . . 1890-93 . ..1890-91. . . 1890-97 . . . 1890-91 . . .1890-91, : . .1890-96. . . 1890-91 . . . 1890-93 . . . 1890-91 . . . 1890-91 . . .1890-91. . . 1890-91 . .A. B., 1902 A. B., 1896 Aakre, Knut S Ossian . . Ambli, Christian F Decorah. Anderson, Carl Hustler . Askevold. George Chicago. Benrud, Oscar Amboy. .la... . .la. . . . .Wis... .111. . . . Minn. Bjcirnstad, William St. Paul Minn . Mich.. .Minn. .la. . . . Ill .Wis... .Minn. .Wis... la... . la ... . Bolme, Lars B Sutton's Bay. Brauer, .\dolph Mabel Brown, Julius Ossian .... Buslee, Christian Chicago. . . Borreson, Fred La Crosse . Glesne, Truls Aastad. . . Graslie, Benjamin Baldwin. . Groves, James O Decorah. . GuHixson, Herman O Bode GuUord, Herman Westby. . Gunderson, Nils Erickson . Haagenson, Edward N Baldwin. Haagenson, Herman Baldwin. Hagestad, Knut M Ettrick. . Hamre, William Cottonwood . . Wis . . . Minn. .Wis... .Wis... Wis... . Minn. Hanson. Nils B New Centerville. . . . Wis. . . Hauge, Mens Washington Prairie .la ... . Haugelund, H. J Minneapolis Minn . Haugen, Edwin Decorah la ... . *Henriksen, George Cleveland Ohio. . Huselid, Samuel Clinton Minn . Iverson, Martin P Chicago Ill ... . Johnson, Kielberg Audubon Minn. Johnson, Theodore Walton Wis. . , Kaasa, Walter Ridgeway la ... . Kampen, Ingvald Anderson . . . Pigeon Falls Wis. . . Kortgaard, Peder Christine N. D. , Kvale, Olaus Decorah la. . . . Landsem, Ole T Spring Grove . *Lane, George Ole Myrtle Lende, Henry Cottonwood . . Lienl0kken, Adolph La Crosse ... Linnevold, William Decorah Livdahl, Carl Hickson , Minn. .Wis.., . Minn. .Wis... la.... N. D.. Lunde, Gunnar M Newman Grove .... Neb . . Magelssen, Ludvig Bratsberg Minn. Midb0, Otto T Martell Wis.., Mjelde, Nordahl Chicago 111. . . . Moen, Haagen J Viking N. D. . Negaard, Edward Norway Lake Minn . Negaard, George E Norway Lake Minn . Nelson. N. A El Paso Wis. . , Nelson, Paul R La Crosse Wis. . . 891-92 891-93 891-92 891-93 891-92 891 891-93 891-95 , 891-92 891-92 891-92 891-92 891-94, 1897-98 891-94 891-93, 1894, 1897-1900 A. B., 1900 891-93 891-92 891-92 891-92 891-97 A. B., 1897 891-92 891-95, 1896-99. .A. B., 1899 891-94 891-92 891-94 891-92 891-93 891-93 891-97 891-92 891-93, 1984-95 891-96 891-92 891-93 891-92 891-94 891-94, 1896 891-93 891-92 891-92, 1896- 1901 A. B.. 1901 891-92 891-92 891-95 891-92 891-92 891-92 891-95, 1897-99 891-92, 1893-96 891-93 228 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation *Normann, Stefanus Theodor. .St. Olaf Minn. . .1891-97 A. B., 1897 Norton, John Blue Earth City Minn . . . 1891-92 Oksen, Peder J Perth Amboy N. J 1891-95 Olson, Emil Eau Claire Wis 1891-92 Overland, Peter Belgrade Minn. . .1891-92 Rasmussen, Kristian St. Louis Mo 1891-92 Rinde, Erik Taopi Minn. . .1891-92 Risbiudt, Engebret St. Olaf Minn. . .1891-92 Rishof , Oluf Strand Minn . . . 1891-93 Running, Gilbert Nordness la 1891-93 *Sauer, Carl Ignatius Bode la 1891-93, 1896-01. .A. B., 1901 Skaaden, Eugene Chicago Ill 1891-93. Skjeggeby, Ole Sacred Heart Minn . . . 1891-92 Skulstad, Peder E Faith Minn . . . 1891-92 Solberg, Randall Minneapolis Minn . . . 1891-93 Steen, Olai CUnton Minn . . . 1891-93 Stensrud, Carl Kensett la 1891-95 S0renson, Bernt Eau Claire Wis 1891-92 Tasa, Gilbert Kenyon Minn. . .1891, 1892-99 A. B., 1899 *Teigen, Martin Jackson Minn. . .1891-95 *Thollehaug, Sivert K Portland N. D. . . . 1891-94 Thompson, Andrew La Crosse Wis 1891-93 Thorsen, Adolph New Centerville. . . . Wis 1891-96 Thorsgaard, Oscar E Westby Wis 1891-93 Tryhus, John Norman N. D.. . .1891 Ulen, Reinert Decorah la 1891-92 *Unseth, Joseph Bernhard Westby Wis 1891-97 A. B., 1897 Winger, Johan Edward Nordness la 1891-97 A. B., 1897 0de, George (Ode) Nordness la 1891-93, 1895-96 Wold, Anton O Whitehall Wis 1891-92 1892-1893 Anderson, Ole P Decorah la 1892-93 Bakke, Martinus A Esteline S. D 1892-93, 1896-97 Bakken, Edward Ferdinand . . . Decorah la 1892-94 . Barkenaes, Martin G Fet Norway. 1892-95 Bergh, Knut Sacred Heart Minn. .. 1892-96, 1897-99 Berkvam, Christian Spring Grove Minn. . . 1892-93 • Bidne, Sander Decorah la 1892-95, 1896-01 Brandt, Lars Chicago Ill 1892-93 Enestvedt, Theodore Sacred Heart Minn. . .1892-93, 1895-96 Enger, Melvin Decorah la 1892-96 Espelien, Carl E Barre Mills Wis 1892-93, 1894-95 Forton, Oscar Stoughton Wis 1892-93 Frederikson, John N Manitou Island .... Mich 1892-93 Grundeland, Bernhard Calmar la 1892-93 Grutle, Henning Fossum Minn. ..1892-94, 1897-99 *Gullerud, Sven Olaf M Mazeppa Minn . . . 1892-93 Gunderson, Gunnar Ridgeway la 1892 Gunderson, Halvor Ridgeway la 1892 Gunderson, Ketil Ridgeway la 1892 Hallan, Oscar E Newhouse Minn. . . 1892-95 *Hallanger, Christopher Mar- tinus Bode la 1892-97 A. B., 1897 *Hellekson, Oscar C Byron Minn . . .1892-95, 1896-00.. A. B., 1900 Hiortdal, Einar Chicago Ill 1892-95 Hong, Nils J Willmar Minn, . .1892-95 A. B., 1895 *Ingebrigtson, Carl Bertinius. . . Albert Lea Minn . . . 1892-94 Jahr, Olav Black River Falls.. .Wis 1892-96 A. B., 1896 Jahr, Torstein Black River Falls.. .Wis 1892-96 A. B., 1896 Jenson, James C Spring Grove Minn . . . 1892-99 A. B., 1899 Johnson, John R Decorah la 1892-98 Kirkeberg, Anton Decorah la 1892-93 Langenaes, Ludvig Clayton Minn . . . 1892-93 Larson, Oluf Barrett Minn . . . 1892-93 Larson, Peter Barrett Minn . . . 1892-93 Larson, Richard Minneapolis Minn . . . 1892-94 Lee, E. A Grand Meadow. . . .Minn. . .1892-93 Lunde, Adolph Zumbrota Minn . . . 1892-95 Lunde. F. C. CI Newman Grove .... Neb .... 1892-93 Lunde, Peter Zumbrota Minn. . .1892-95 Markhus, Alfred L Willmar Minn . . . 1892-97 A. B., 1897 Mellem, Gustav Northwood la 1892-93 Monson, Martin A Kerkhoven Minn . . . 1892-93 ATTENDANCE 229 Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Morterud, Oscar Bloomingdale Wis 1892-95 Nelson, Henry E Decorah la 1892-98 Ohnstad, Otto Cambridge Wis 1892-93 Olson, Paul Chicago Ill 1892-93 *Peterson, Samuel Renville Minn. . .1892-93, 1894-97. .A. B., 1897 Preus, J0rgen Westby Wis 1892-95 *Ring0en, Theodore Ribe Ridgeway la 1892-98 A. B., 1898 Rodby, John * Deerfield Wis 1892-93 Skreberg, Hans Milan Minn. . .1892-93 Smith, Carsten Decorah la 1892-97 Soland, Julius Kerkhoven Minn. .. 1892-93 ' Steen, Abel Clinton Minn . . . 1892-94 Stenshoel, Philip Lenora Minn . . . 1892-93 *Str0m, Oscar Adolph Zumbrota Minn. . .1892-97 A. B., 1897 Saervold, Egil .Le Roy Minn. . .1892-93 Sdrenson, Fred Decorah la 1892-97 Tasa, Helge Holden Minn. . .1892-95 ' " Teisberg, Carl O Clarkson Wis 1892-99 A. B., 1899 Thime, George Chicago Ill 1892-93 ♦Thompson, Severin Lewis Lincoln S. D 1892-97, 1903-05 Viste, Henrik Decorah la 1892-93 Wolding, Martin New Hope Wis. 1892-96 1893-1894 Aaker, Adolph Ridgeway la 1893-96 Anderson, Freeman Ridgeway la 1893-96 ' '. Aslakson, Anton Rose Creek Minn. . .1893-94 ' . . . . *Austvold, Edwin B Glenwood Minn. . .1893-97 A. B., 1897 Berntson, Palmer Eau Claire Wis 1893-96, 1898-99 Bjerke, Johan Portland N. D.. . .1893-98 Brorby, Joseph Decorah la 1893-99 A. B., 1899 Christensen, S0ren Perth Amboy N. J . . . . 1893-94 *Clauson, Carl T Red Wing Minn. . .1893-96 A. B., 1896 Drotning, Alvyn Utica Wis 1893-95, 1898-99 Finseth, Knut H Kenyon Minn . . . 1893-94 Gauper, Emil S Purdy Wis 1893-94 Gotaas, Olaf Mellette S. D. . . .1893 ' . Hagen, Sivert N Hagan Minn. . .1893-96 A. B., 1896 Hanson, Henry Northwood . la 1893-94 Hegg, Robert Decorah la 1893-94, 1895-98.. A. B., 1898 ♦Hestenes, Jacob Mathias Homedahl Minn. . .1893-1900 A. B., 1900 Jaastad, Gullick Marshfield Wis 1893-94 *Jacobson, Daniel Gustav Stoiighton Wis 1894-95, 1897-01. .A. B., 19oi Jacobson, Jacob Northport Mich. . . . 1893-95 Johnson, Martin E Benson Minn. . . 1893-95 Jorgensen, Theodore Sumner Wis 1893-94 . Knutson, Herbert Chicago Ill 1893-94 Koefod, Herman O Starbuck Minn . . . 1893-97, 1898-00 *Larsen, Lauritz Decorah la 1893-1902 A. B., 1902 Larson, Lawrence O Macfarland Wis 1893-95 Larson, Ludvig Harmony Minn. . .1893-94, 1897-99 Larson, Oscar O New Centerville. . . .Wis 1893-1900 A. B., 1900 *Moe, Ebbe St. Paul Minn . . . 1893-96 Moe, Oscar O Clarkson Wis 1893-96, 1897-99 *Moen, Paul W Lawton Wis 189,3-94, 1895-99.. A. B., 1899 Nelson, Helge Lily S. D 1893-97, 1898-99 Nelson, Ludvig New Centerville. . . . Wis 1893-96 Nj0s, Johannes Taopi Minn . . . 1893-94 Naeseth, Martinus G Aspelund Minn. . .1893-94 Olsen, Martin I Herscher Ill 1893-99 A. B., 1899 *Ordal, Ola J Taopi S. D 1893-98 A. B., 1898 *Ordal, Zakarias J Taopi S. D. . . .1893-98 A. B., 1898 Ottum, Thomas J Macfarland Wis 1893-94 Pallado, David Wittenberg Wis 1893 Palmer, Simon Oneida Wis 1893-94 Reinertson, Alfred Hazard Neb .... 1893-94, 1896-98, 1899-1900 Reque, Lars R Spring Grove Minn . . . 1893-97 Risdal, Lars Decorah la 1893-95, 1897-98 Risetter, Lars C Lee Ill 1893-95, 1897-98 Simonstad, Charles Swenoda Minn . . . 1893-94 Slinde, Erik Lawler la 1893-94 Solstad, Joseph H Fisher Minn . . . 1893-95 Sveine, Sven Decorah la 1893-96 230 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation *Thompson, Christian S Mt Horeb Wis 1893-97 A. B., 1897 Thorsgaard, Lars J Kindred N. D... .1893-94 Thorsrud. Ole Callender la 1893 Tvedt, Theodore Forest City la 1893-95 vistaa. Tollef S York Wis 1893-94, 1895-97.. *Wein Hans J Renville Minn. .. 1893-98 A. B., 1898 *White, Anders (Andrew) O. „„ a x, . ^ (Jensen) Latimer la 1899-1900 A. B., 1900 Wollan, Gustav B Glenwood Minn. .. 1893-97 A. B., 1897 WoUan, Gustav C Glenwood Minn ... 189.V9S, 1896- 1900 A. r>,, IvOU *Wulfsberg, Einar, Jr Decorah la 1893-1900. ..... .A. B.. 1900 SEWING FOR THE STUDENTS (Mrs. Lam: Larsen Seated at Left) 1894-1895 Anderson, Anton O Hillsboro N. D.. . .1894-95. Anderson, Carlton A West Salem Wis 1894-96 Bakken, Hans H Ridgeway la 1894-95 Bergp, Oscar G Sand Creek Wis 1894-97 *Birkelo, Pedcr C Colgate N. D. . . . 1894-97 Blegen, George Washington Prairie. la 1894-95 Bothna, Joseph La Crosse Wis 1894-95 *Boyd, Edwin Arthur Willmar Minn. . .1894-95, 1896-98.. A. B., 1898 Brauer, Julius Mabel Minn. . .1894-1901 A. B., 1901 Burtness, Peter Wilmington Minn. . .1894-1900 A. B., 1900 B0rreson, William La Crosse Wis 1894-95 Enger, Norval Decorah la 1894-97 Gaard, Rasmus Roland la 1894-1900 A. B., 1900 Gilbertson, Adolph N Ridgeway la 1894 Golberg, Martin L Rock Dell Minn. . .1894-95 Gregerson, Gustav E Seneca la 1894-95 Grinde, Seward De Forest Wis 1894-95 . Hamblin, Alton Sioux Rapids la 1894-96 *Hammer (Fylling), Lars F. (LarsL.) Nurey S. Dak.. 1894-96 ATTENDANCE 231 Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation Hegland, Martin Roland la . . Helgen, R. Olani Ruthven la . . Helgeson, Amos Seneca la . . Hexom, John D Washington Prairie . la . . Heyer, Arnold O Strum Wis. *Hjermstad, Hans Andreas L. . Holmen Wis. Husmo, Johannes Rochester Minn H0rsrud, Martin Harmony Minn Jacobson, William M Seneca la . . . Jenson, J. Alfred Edgerton Wis. . Johnson, Eugene G Decorah la. . . Johnson, George J Brandon Minn *Johnson, Torger Andreas Lake Mills la . . . Kallestad, Albert B Blue Earth City. . . . Minn *Kilness, Peter J Dell Rapids S. D . Mallon, Otto Cresco la . . . Monserud, Oliver Harpers Ferry la . . . Moore, Louis Decorah la . . . Nilsestuen, Albert Arcadia Wis. . Nilson, Severin Hanson Minn Pederson, Oscar B Amboy Minn Peterson, Joseph M St. Ansgar la . . *Rugland, Jacob G Silver Lake la . . Sampson, Sigvard F. . ■ Yankton S. D Saxvik, Louis Highlandville la . . Simonson, Carl Perth Amboy N. J Sjolander, Carl B Onalaska Wis. . Skramstad, Joseph Clay Bank Minn Solseth, George Harmony Minn Steen, Theron Wahoo Neb. *Strand, Thor J Albert Lea Minn Saetrang, Ingeman J Waterville la . . . Thams, Johan L Valley City N. D. Thorsen, Peder Seneca la . , . *Turmo, Olaf Luverne Minn *Turmo, Stener Newman Grove .... Neb . Viger, Anton Rock Dell Minn Wahlen, Jens R Chicago Ill . . . Williamson, Christian Ruthven la . . . *0ien, John P Rochester Minn A. B., 1900 A. B., 1901 A. B., 1898 A. B., 1898 .A. B., 1899 .1894-1900, . . . . 1894-95 .1894-95 .1894-1901. . . . .1894-97 . 1894-97, 1899- 1901 .1894-95 . 1894-95 .1894-97 .1894-96 . 1894-98 .1894-98 . 1894-98 . 1894-95 . 1894-99 .1894-97 . 1894-95 .1894-96 . 1894-95 .1894 .1894-1901 .1894-98 A. B., 1 . 1894-95 . 1894-97 .1894-96 . 1894-95 . 1894-95 .1894-95 . 1894-95 . 1894-95 . 1894-95 . 1894-97 . 1894-95 . 1894-95 .1894-98. . . . 1894-99 . . . . 1894-95 . . . .1894-96. . . . 1894-98 . . . .1894-96. . . .A. B., 1898 A. B., 1899 1895-1896 Aarnes, Nils C Hurdal Minn . . . 1895-96 . . Anderson, Andrew O Ossian la 1895-1901 . Anderson, Esaias Albert Lea Minn . . . 1895-97 . . Arneson, Olaf H Decorah la 1895-99 . . Aspelund, Joseph Mondovi Wis 1895-1901 . Avlsgaard, Richard S Zumbrota Minn . . . 1895 Bale, Christian E Norman N. D... .1895-96, 1897-98, 1900-1904 A. B. *Berg, Joseph H Oakland Minn . . . 1895-96, 1897-98 Berntson, Ludvig Decorah la 1895 *Berven, Sven K Lily S. D 1895-1901 A. B., 1901 Bidne, Henry Decorah la 1895-98 *Bjerke, Anders O Ridgeway la 1895-98 *Blicher, Peter C Decorah la 1895-1903 A. B., 1903 Borge, John Washington Prairie .la 1895-98 . Brekke, Edward A Spillville la 1895-96, 1903. Dahl. Abraham P Luverne Minn . . . 1895-96 . Dahl, Otto Strum Wis 1895-97. EUickson, Frank Montevideo Minn . . Ersland, Joseph A Nevada la Gerald, Guy H Bird Island Minn . . Grangaard. Henry O Norman N. D.. . Gr0nne, O. Theodore Waterville la ♦Guttebrf, Lauritz Seman Huxlev la 1895-1901 . Hailstone. A. Augustus Decorah la 1895-1902. Hanson, Eugene Carl Eau Claire Wis 1895-97 Hegg, Olaf Decorah la 1895-96 Hoel, William Canby Minn. . .1895-96 Hov, I. Simonson Portland N. D... .1895-1900 A. B., 1900 1897- .1895-96 ,1895-99 ,1895-1901 ,1895-1902 1895-96, 1901-02. A. B., 1901 A. B., 1901 1904 A. B., 1903 A. B., 1901 A. B.. 1902 A. B., 1901 .A. B., 1902 232 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation Hovde, Agnus E Wittenberg Wis 1895-97, 1899- 1900 Hovde, Rudoph L Wittenberg Wis 1895-97, 1898- 1903 A. B., 1903 Jacobsen, Karl T Stoughton Wis 1895-97, 1898- 1902 A. B., 1902 Jacobson, Alfred Decorah la 1895-96 Johnson, L. Gerhard Roland la 1895-1902 A. B., 1902 Johnson, Perry S .Decorah la 1895-99 A. B., 1899 Jordahl, Christopher Norway Lake Minn. . .1895 Kallestad, Abdiel O . Blue Earth Cii-y . . . . Minn . . . 1895-96, 1897-98 Kallestad, Alfred S . Blue Earth City. . . . Minn . . . 1895-96, 1897-98 *Kilness, Julius Bennett Dell Rapids S. D 1895-1900. A. B., 1900 Kolaas, Martin . Conover la 1895-96 *Larsen, Wilhelm August Latimer la 1895-99 Larson, Embert Story City la 1895-99 Linde, Henry J . Ridgeway la 1895-1901 A. B., 1901 Lunde, Johannes .Zumbrota Minn. . .1895-97 Magelssen, Jacob A . Rushford Minn . . . 1895 Meyer, Laust H Latimer la 1895-96 Moen, Hans P . Calmar la 1895-98 Ness, Andrew M . Hector Minn . . . 1895-96 *Neste, Theodore P . Decorah la 1895-1902 Nymoen, Christian O . Granite Falls Minn . . . 1895-99 Naeseth, Herman Aspelund Minn. . .1895-1902 A. B., 1902 Opdahl, Einar E .Wausau Wis 1895-96 Peterson, Carl S. N Aspelien Minn. . .1895-97 Peterson, Cyrus .Chicago Ill 1895-96 *Preus, Ove Jacob Hjort Morrisonville Wis 1895-1901 A. B., 1901 Ritland, Osmund . Roland la 1895-96 *Rosholdt, Thore Laurentius. . .Norwegian Grove. . . Minn . . . 1895-99 A. B., 1899 Rosholt, A. Jens Rosholt Wis 1895-96, 1897- 1903 A. B., 1903 Rosholt, Norman Rosholt Wis 1895-96 *Sauer, Herman Olai Bode la 1895-97, 1898-99, 1900-1903 A. B., 1903 Simmons, Simon Kindred N. D. . Skare, Peder Norway Lake Minn . Skauge, Nicolai O Elliford N. D. . .1895-96 .1895-96 . 1895-96, 1898- 1902 Stade, Charles M Chicago Ill 1895-96 Stalland, Martin Willmar Minn . . . 1895 Starks, Simon Keyser Wis 1895-96 Stenbakken, Hans Chr Nerstrand Minn . . . 1895-98 *Stub, Hans Andreas, Jr Robbinsdale Minn . . . 1895-1900 . . . . Styve, Oscar C Albert Lea Minn Swenson, Jens T Lawton Wis 1895-97, 1899 1900 Sseter, Otis P Willmar Minn . . . 1895-97 Thompson, John F Sioux Rapids la 1895-96 Thorstenson, Knut A Amboy Minn . . . 1895-1901 . . . . Tjernagel, Martin O Randall la 1895-98 Torgerson, Jacob A. C Somber la 1895-99 Trulson, Herman Orfordville Wis 1895-96 *Ullensvang, Lars L Steward Ill 1895-97, 1899- 1903 Vigesland, Sven Decorah la 1895-96 Weik, Henry G Wausau Wis 1895-97 Wig, Oscar B Rising Sun Wis 1895-97 *Ylvisaker, Olaf Sigvald Robbinsdale Minn . . . 1895-99 *0degaard, Gunnar G Portland N. D.. . . 1895-98 A. B., 1900 1895-1900 A. B., 1900 A. B., 1901 .A. B., 1899 .A. B., 1903 .A. B., 1899 1896-1897 Aaseth, Elmer A Gayville S. D 1896-99 . . , Allen, Realf Decorah la 1896-97 . . Apland, Martin O Cambridge la 1896-1903. Bakken, Hans Plato Minn.'. .1896-97. . . Bergman, F. Pjetur Gardar N. D 1896-98 . . . Bergman, Hjalmar A Gardar N. D 1896-1900. *Borge, Olaf ; Washington Prairie .la 1896-1903 . Christensen, Walter Gayville S. D 1896-97 . . , Dahl, Hans P Gayville S. D 1896-99. . . Dahl, Hans Monrad Revere Minn . . . 1896-99 . . . Dahle, Martin O Norman la 1896-1902. .A. B., 1903 A. B., 1900 .A. B., 1903 A. B.. 1902 ATTENDANCE 233 Years at Student Post Cfice State Luther College Graduation *Dreng, John (Johan) O Manitowoc. . . .M. .Wis. . . .1896-1901 A. B., 1901 *Eger, Olaf Chicago Ill 1896-1902 A. B., 1902 Espeland, Michael M Dean Minn . . . 1896-98 Fremming, Eivind St. Paul Minn. . 1896-97 *Grefthen, Olaf Lauricz Northwood la 1896-1900 Grinde, George A De Forest. Wis 1896-1903 A. B., 1903 Gutzka, Henrv Locust la 1896 *Hanson, Gustav Adolph Stoughton Wis 1896-99, 1900-01, 1903-05 A. B., 1905 Haugen, Edward Pelican Rapids Minn . . . 1896-97 Herreid, Haavar Hills Minn . . . 1896-97, 1898-99 *Hustvedt, Sigurd Bernhard . . .Decorah la 1896-1902 A. B., 1902 *Ingebritson, Henry Randall la 1896-1903 A. B., 1903 Jacobson, Rasmus A Lennox S. D . . . . 1896-97 Jensen, Eskild H Riceford Minn . . . 1896-98 Johnson, Albert N Norway Grove Wis 1896-99 Johnson, Charles J Decorah la 1896-99 *Johnson, Wilford Alpheus Red Wing Minn . . . 1896-99 . . ■ A. B., 1899 Larsen, Carl E Decorah la 1896-1902 A. B., 1902 Livdahl, Gustav N Hickson N. D 1896-98 Munson, Theodore Slater la 1896 Myren, Henry Pierpont S. D 1896-97 Nelson, Carl W Presho S. D 1896-97 *Normann, Halvor Martin Dalton Minn. . .1896-1900 A. B., 1900 Nubson, Henry N Callender la 1896-99, 1900-02 *Naeseth, Carelius G Aspelund Minn. . .1896-1903 A. B., 1903 *01afson, Kriscinn K Gardar N. D.. . .1896-1900 A. B., 1900 *0!sen, (Bertel) Johan Whitehall Wis 1896-97 Olson, Bryngel T Calamus la 1896-99 Quale, Arthur Nora Wis 1896-97 Reque, G. F. Otto Spring Grove Minn . . . 1896-1900 Ringoen, Henry Ridgeway la 1896-99 Simmons, Thoraf C Red Wing Minn. . .1896-99, 1902-03 Skinnemoen, John S Wendell Minn. . .1896-97, 1898- 1901 A. B., 1901 Stang, Thomas St. Paul Minn. . .1896-99 *Str0m, Axel Elias Zumbrota Minn. . .1896-1900 A. B., 1900 *Sundby, Gustave Adolph Nelson Manitowoc Wis 1896-1900 A. B., 1900 Sydnes, Christopher Huxley la 1896-99 Thoen, Ruben Kensett la 1896-97 Torgerson, J. Walther Norden S. D 1896-1900 Valsvig, Albert M Lilv S. D 1896-97 Wold, Knut St. Olaf la 1896-97 1897-1898 - . Aaby , Alfred V Hayfield Minn . . . 1897-98 Amundson, Albert O Cresco la. . . .'. . 1897-98 Berg, A. Herman Decorah la 1897-99 Borreson, Borge H La Crosse Wis 1897-98 Boxrud, Bernhard M Red Wing Minn . . . 1897-99 Christopherson, Johannes Pigeon Falls Wis 1897-99 Dolve, Nils Oliver Portland N. D 1897-98 Dosland, Thomas CHnton la 1897-98 Elvestrom, Martin Bricelyn. Minn. . .1897-98 Engeseth, Peter J De Forest Wis 1897-98, 1899- 1900 Erickson, Charles De Forest Wis 1897-98 Estrem, Carl O Willmar Minn. . .1897-1901 A. B., 1901 Floren, Halvor Grove City Minn . . . 1897-98 Fuglie, A. Edwin Ashby Minn, , .1897-1901 A. B., 1901 Hande, Carl Spring Valley Minn . . . 1897-99 *Hansen, Emil Twin Valley Minn. . . 1897-1903 A. B., 1903 Hanson, Hans Olaf Westby Wis 1897-98 Haugen, John Martinus Newman Grove .... Neb .... 1897-98 Helvig, Henry Roland la 1897-99 Hjelle, Ole Simon Decorah la 1897-1900, 1901- 1905 A. B., 1905 Jacobson, William Luverne Minn . . . 1897-98 Jarland, Lewis J Locust la 1897-99 Jensvold, Christopher La Crosse Wis 1897-98 Johnson, William J Decorah la 1897-99 Johnsrud, Henry L Spring Grove Minn . . . 1897-98 Larson . Neal B Deerfield Wis 1897-98 234 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation Maakestad, Nils F Randall la 1897-1900. *Magelssen, Nils Stockfleth. . . . Bratsberg Minn . . . 1897-1902 . Muus, Sverre P Holden Minn. . .1897-98. . . Nordskog, Oscar Julius Bird Island Minn . . . 1897-1900 *Norgaard, Carl Henrv Grove City Minn . . . 1897-1903 . Odberg, Andreas A Merrill Wis 1897-98. . . Olsen, Adolph Johan Thor la 1897-99. . . Olson, Christian Norwegian Grove. . . Minn . . . 1897-98 . . . Olson, Otto Portland N. D... .1897-1900. Opheim, Johan Julius Thor la 1897-99 . . . Ostvig, Richter N Benson Minn . . . 1897-99 . . Preus, Jacob Aall Ottesen Decorah la 1897-1903 . *Preus, Johan Carl Keyser Decorah la 1897-1902. Reque, Sigurd Styrk Decorah la 1897-1903 . Reque, Walther Spring Grove Minn . . . 1897-99 Rialson, George E Tracy Minn . . . 1897-98 Risetter, Harvev O Lee Ill 1897-99 Sheldon, Clarence Spring Valley Minn . . . 1897-98 Skaaden, Arthur P Chicago Ill 1897-1901 Smith, Nils Perth Amboy N. J . . . . 1897-99 Sorenson, Alfred R Harmony Minn. . .1897-1902 A. B Stenbakken, Oswald Nerstrand Minn . . . 1897-99, 1901-02 Taug, William L Thor la 1897-99 Teisberg, Carl B . Ashby Minn. . .1897-01 A. B., 1901 Thorpe, Lawrence Willmar Minn . . . 1897-98 Tunem, Thomas G Chicago Ill 1897-98 Vaaler, Rudolph A Twin Valley Minn . . . 1897-99 Void, O. Alfred Decorah la 1897-99 Void, Ole J Decorah la 1897-1902 A. B., 1903 A. B., 1903 A. B., 1902 A. B., 1903 1902 1898-1899 Aaker, Casper D Ridgeway la . . Aasen, Christian H Clifford N. D. . *Anderson, Martin Newhall la ... . Aslakson, Norman Holton Mich.. *Bergh, Axel Delaware Mine Mich.. Bjornstad, Bcrnhard St. Paul Minn. Clauson, Nils Y Red Wing Minn . Finseth, Arthur O Kenyon Minn . Forde, Walter Starbuck Minn . Gilbert, Walter I Sturgeon Bay Wis . . . Graslie, Carl J Palmer Wis. . . Grefstad, Oscar K Bode la ... . Crimson, Gilbert Hatton N. D.. Grinde, Johannes B Deerfield Wis. . . Grinde, Johannes L Madison Wis. . . Gutteb0, Emil Caspari Huxley la ... . Guttormsen, Sigvart Perth Amboy N. J . . Halvorson, Carl Northwood N. D. . Hanson, Nils A Mayville N. D. . Hovde, Carl H. R Wittenberg Wis. . . Iverson, Johannes I Stanhope la ... . Jacobson, Louis O Gilbert la ... . *Johnson, Bergel Alfred Mindoro Wis. . . Johnson, Carl L Effington S. D . . Juul, Gustav A Brandon Minn . Kaasa, Jens Lawrence Ridgeway la ... . Kleppen, Andrew Eau Claire Wis. . . Knudson, Oscar Orfordville Wis. . . Knutson, Severin Hatton N. D.. Larsen, Anton Martinius River Falls Wis... Lien. Niel M. B Northwood la ... . Mindrum, Oscar P Bratsberg Minn . Naeseth, Martinius Zumbrota Minn. *Nelson, Alfred Thomas Mayville N. D. . Nelson, Johan J Oilman Wis. . . Olson, John Thor la . . . . Oppedal, Ingebrigt I Stanhope la ... . Peterson, Helmer S Fargo N. D.. Prestegaard, Peder O Lee Ill ... . Risetter, Thomas C Lee 111. . . . Ruen, Oliver Kenyon Minn . A. B., 1902 1903 Schjeldahl, Theodore.. Highlandville . .la. 898-1902. 898-1902 898-99 898-99 898-1903 A. B., 898-1900 898-1901 A. B., 1901 898-1900 898-99 898-1905 A. B., 1905 898-1900 898-1905 A. B., 1905 898-99 898-99 898-1900 898-1900 898-1901 898-99 898-1902 898-1904 A. B., 1904 898-1901 898-1901 898-1905, 1918. .A. B., 1905 898-99 898-1902 A. B., 1902 898-1903 A. B., 1903 898-99 898-99 898-99 898-99 898-1900 898-1901 898-1901 898-1903. 898-1901 . 898-99 . . . 898-99 . . . 898-1903. 898-1904. 898-1900. 898-1902, 1907, . . . 1898-1905. .A. B., 1903 A. B., 1907 .A. B., 1905 ATTENDANCE 235 Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation Schroeder, Henry San Francisco Calif. . Simley, Joseph Portland N. D. . *Smeby, Hartwick Carinius. . . .Albert Lea Minn . Sorenson, Edward H Carthage S. D . . Stenehjem, Edwin Spring Grove Minn . Swenson, Orin L Lamberton Minn . Tho, Jacob Oslo Minn . Tonning, Ole Decorah la. . . . Torgerson, Thomas Somber la ... . *Tweten, Jacob O Lake Mills la ... . Waaler, Even A Twin Valley Minn . Wilson, Arthur B Decorah la ... . Wollan, Arnold Glenwood Minn . Wollan, Oscar C Glenwood ■. Minn . Wollan, Oliver B. F Glenwood Minn . Xavier, Heinrich M Ridgeway la. . . , Xavier, Nils Paul Ridgeway la ... . *Ylvisaker, Nils Martin St. Paul Minn . 1899-1900 Aaberg, Herman O Devils Lake . Aakhus, Daniel Bygland . . . . *Baalson. Herman E Brooten. . . . Bervin, Lewis Balcic Black, Alexander G Holmen. N. D.. .Minn, , .Minn. ,.S. D . .Wis... Bonde, Edward Nerstrand Minn . Bonde, Oscar Nerstrand Minn . *Bredesen, Alfred Stoughton Wis. . . Brusegaard, Theodore B Brandon Minn . *Christensen, Jens Chr Orum Neb. . Dahlen, Theodore A Wendell Minn . Diesen, CM Washburn N. D. . Drotning, Ferdinand Stoughton Wis. . . Egeland, Ole Wilhelm Decorah la ... . Fj0se, Norman Decorah la ... . Fosmark, Alexander Fergus Falls Minn . Frad, Nels. Harmony Minn . Fries, Gabriel Toronto S. D . Gulbrandson, Carl Lanesboro Minn . Gulbrandson, George H Chicago 111. . . . *Gullixson, Thaddaeus F Bode la ... . Hagerup, Edward Decorah la ... . *Halverson, Melvin Walter. . . . Mishicott Wis. . . *Hegg, Gustav J Decorah la . . . . Hermann, Thorhallur Gardar N. D. . Hexom, Charles Philip Decorah la ... . Hoel, Ove Nordahl Canby Minn . Hove, J. Nathan Flandreau S. D . . Hukee, Hans O Nerstrand Minn . Hustvedt, P. Thomas Decorah la ... . Jenson, Adolph H Edgerton. Wis. . . Johnsrud, William L Spring Grove Minn. Kjome, Hans N. (Chommie) . . Decorah la ... . Koefod, Sigvard M. R Ashby Minn . Knutson, Henry M Ossian la ... . Krogstad, Gustav A Onalaska Wis. . . Larsen, Leonard. . -. Decorah la ... . Larson, Harald W Story City la ... . *Lund, Laurits Peder Nashua la ... . Medhus, Ole Walnut Grove Minn . *Moldstad, Christian A De Forest Wis. . . Moses, Olaf S Decorah la . Nelson, Ole E Franklin Minn . Nelson, Walter Mayville N. D. Norby, Albert ' Sioux Rapids la ... , *01sen, Harry Emil Madison Wis.. Orwoll, Melvinus S Hanley Falls Minn . *Palmer, Knut R Belgrade Minn . Quarve, Halvard Fessenden N. D. Quarve, Levard Fessenden N. D. *Quill, Carl Johan Sauk Center Minn . 898-1901 898-1900 898-1902 A. B., 1902 898-99 898-1900 898-1902 898-99 898-1904 .\. B.. 1904 898-1900 898-1903 A. B., 1903 898-1902 .\. B., 1902 898-99 898-1901 898-99 898-1901 A. B., 1901 898-1901 898-1900 898-1902 A. B., 1902 .1899-1903 A. B., 1903 .1899-1900 . 1899-1904 A. B., 1904 .1899-1903 .1899-1903 .1899-1900 .1899-1900 1899-1905 .A.. B., 190.S .1899-1902, 1903- 1904 A. B., 1904 .1899-1900 ,1899-1903 A. B., 1905 .1899-1900 . 1899-1900 .1899-1902 ,1899-1901 ,1899-1901 .1899-1901, 1902- 1903 , 1899-1903 .1899-1900 .1899-1900 . 1899-1903 A. B., 1903 .1899-1900 .1899-1904 A. B., 1904 .1899-1905 A. B., 1905 .1899-1902 .1899-1902 .1899-1901 .1899-1900 .1899-1900. -. .1899-1906 A. B., 1906 . 1899-1901 .1899-1900 .1899-1906 A. B., 1906 .1899-1903 A. B., 1903 .1899-1903 .1899-1901, 1903- 1904 .1899-1901 .1899-1900 .1899-1904 A. B., 1904 .1899-1900 .1899-1904 A. B., 1904 .1899-1901 .1899-1902 .1899-1904 A. B., 1904 .1899-1900 .1899-1903 A. B., 1903 .1899-1906 A. B., 1906 .1899-1903 .1899-1902 .1899-1903 ,1899-1904 A. B., 1904 236 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Rigg, Jacob Glenwood Minn. . .1899-1900 Saxvik, Henry O Highlandville la 1899-1905 A. B., 1905 Sevareid, Alfred Kenyon Minn. . .1899-1906 A. B., 1906 Sevareid, Nils Adolph Kenyon Minn . . . 1899-1903 Steen, Sem P Clinton Minn. . .1899-1900, 1901- 1904 Strand. J. Edward Albert Lea Minn. . .1899-1905 A. B., 1905 Thompson, T. Elmer Ossian la 1899-1900, 1901- 1904 A. B., 1904 *Thorpe, Christian Scriver Willmar Minn . . . 1899-1903 A. B., 1903 Tjensvold, Gabriel Eldorado la 1899-1900 Urheim, Olaf Chicago Ill 1899-1901 Winnor, Arnold Toronto S. D 1899-1901 Wollan, Clarence Glenwood Minn . . . 1899-1900 *Wrolstad, J0rgen Oliver Stevens Point Wis 1899-1906 A. B., 1906 *Wulfsberg, Jacob Aall Ottesen.Decorah la 1899-1905 A. B., 1905 *Ylvisaker, Sigurd Christian . , .St. Paul Minn . . . 1899-1903 A. B., 1903 1900-1901 Aamodt, Ferdinand Houston Minn . . . 1900 Anderson, Thomas Calmar la 1901 Arnston, Halvor Viking N. D 1900-1901 Bergum, Albert North Bristol Wis 1900-1901 Bjornson, Norman Sun Prairie Wis 1900-1902 Borgen, Wilhelm Red Wing Minn . . . 1900-1901 Brorby, Oscar Decorah la 1900-1903 Brufiodt, Gerhard Harmony Minn . . . 1900-1903 Bue, Carlo Pleasant Valley. . . .Wis 1900-1901 Burke, Albert Rio Wis 1900-1901 *Christopherson, Einar Bj0rn. .Pigeon Falls Wis 1900-1906 A. B., 1906 Donhowe, Peter Christian .... Story City la 1900-1902 Erickson, Martin Brown Rock Dell Minn . . . 1900-01 , 1902-04 *Estrem, Herman Wilhelm. . . .Willmar Minn. . .1900-1904 A. B., 1904 *Fretheim, Martin E Oakland Minn. . .1900-1905 A. B., 1905 Fries, Lyman A Toronto S. D 1900-1907 A. B., 1907 Games, Martin J Mabel Minn. . .1900-1905 Gilbertson, Kasper O Decorah la 1900-1901 Gnolden, Oscar Morrisonville Wis 1900-1901 Halvorsen, Hjalmar S Westby Wis 1900-1905 *Halvorson, Helmer Benson Minn. . .1900-1904 A. B., 1904 Halvorson, Henry M Ridgeway la 1900-1901 Halvorson, J. Roland Ridgeway la 1900-1905 Hamre, Edwin Manvel N. D. . . . 1900-1902 Heggtveit, Carl O Belvidere Mills Minn. . .1900-1903 *Hendrickson, Alfred Clifford N. D 1900-1906 A. B., 1906 Hendrickson, Matthias Belgrade Minn . . . 1900-1901 Hesla, Oscar Linn Grove la 1900-1901 Hoel, Rudolph Canby Minn. . .1900-1903 *Hoff, Thoralf A Ashby Minn. . .1900-1904 A. B., 1904 Hovde, Wilhelm Th Wittenberg Wis 1900-1902 Hovden, Oscar K Ridgeway la 1900-1901 Hovey, Iver Decorah la 1900-1901 Iverson, Oscar Eaton Wis 1900-1902 Jessen, Carl Arthur Hayfield . .Minn. . .1900-03, 1905-09.. A. B., 1909 Jevne, Franz Meridian Wis 1900-04 Johnson. P. Sylvester Westby Wis 1900-02 Jondahl. Iver O Clifford N. D 1900-01 Juve, Henry O Ridgeway la 1900-04 Juve, Oscar A Stoughton Wis 1900-07 A. B., 1907 Kalnes, I. Magnus Starbuck Minn. . .1900-01, 1902-07.. A. B., 1907 Lien, Ole Martin Roland la 1900-01 Maland, Enos E Harmony Minn . . . 1900-01 Moe, Alfred Blair Wis 1900-01 Moe, Carl Minneapolis Minn . . . 1900-01 Naeseth, John R Zumbrota Minn . . . 1900-07 A. B., 1907 Naeseth, Oliver W Menomonie Wis 1900-01 Nordlie, Arthur Stoughton Wis 1900-01 Nordlie, Herman C Stoughton Wis 1900-06 A. B., 1906 Olson, Alfred M Rice Lake Wis 1900-05, 1907-08 Paulson, Peter C Forest City la 1900-04 A. B.. 1904 Pederson, Alfred C Benson Minn. . .1900-04 A. B., 1904 Pederson, Bennie A Taylor Wis 1900-03 Petersen, Joh. Wilhelm St. Paul Minn. . .1900-04 A. B., 1904 Reishus, Berting Granite Falls Minn . . . 1900-01 ATTENDANCE 237 Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation A. B.. 1905 A. B., 1905 Roe, Otto P Hoffman Minn . . . 1900-01 Rygg, Albert Decorah la 1900-02 Sather, Allen Willmar Minn. .. 1900-03 Sorlien, Henry J Bode la 1900-05 Sponheim, Oscar H Hatton N. D. . . . 1900-05 Stabeck, Clement Davis Ill . . 1900-01 Strand, Carl Odin Menomonie Wis 1900-01 Styve, Laurits Lake Mills la 1900-01 Ssebo, Anders Ridgeway la 1900-01 Thorstenson, Stephen A Amboy Minn. . .1900-01, 1902-03. *Turmo, Andreas Markus Newman Grove .... Neb .... 1900-04 Vaala, Alf O Saude la 1900-07 Vangen, Charles O Hayward Minn . . . 1900-04 Viken, Ingebrigt Booge S. D 1900-01 Vikdal, Peter G Decorah la 1900-02 Vollum, Edward O Hayward Minn . . . 1900-04 Wilhelmsen, Wilhelm Spring Grove Minn . . . 1900-01 1907 1904 A. B., 1904 1901-1902 . 1901-03 .1901-07 A. B.. 1907 .1901-07 A. B., 1907 .1901-06 , .1901-07 A. B., 1907 .1901-02 . . A. B., 1906 . 1901-06 . . 1901-03 . . 1901-02 . .1901-07. . 1901-05 . . 1901-03 . .1901-02. , .1901-02. A. B., 1907 A. B., 1905 A. B.. .A. B., 1905 1905 Arneson, Theodore Highlandville la ... . *Belgum, Anton H Nora Minn . *Belgum, Erik S Farwell Minn . Berg, J. Rudolph Newman Grove .... Neb . . Bjorgo, C. W. Walther Red Wing Minn . Bonde, Jesse Renville Minn . *Braafladt, Louis Henry Belview Minn . Clausen, Sigvald J Red Wing Minn . Dahl, Joseph Cottonwood Minn . Dahl, Sondre N Gayville S. D. . Davick, Albert O Clinton Minn . Davis, Theodore A Audubon Minn. Erickson, Harold Hancock Minn . Erickson, Herman Mabel Minn . Felland, Alfred T Macfarland Wis 1901-05 . Fjeldstad, C. Alford Wells Minn . . . 1901-05 . Gjermo, Johannes A Voss Norway. 1901-03 . Grindeland, Oscar Sattre la 1901-02 Halls, Carl B Hills Minn . . . 1901-06 A. B., 1906 Halvorson, Alfred O Ridgeway la 1901-04, 1907-10.. A. B., 1910 Halvorson, Hans Decorah la 1901-02 Haroldson, Harold Davis Ill 1901-02 *Haugen, Clarence Decorah la 1901-08 A. B., 1908 Hilleson, Thomas E Lee Ill 1901-04 Hiortdahl, Axel H Washington D. C... 1901-07 Hiortdahl, Sigurd Washington D. C... .1901-03 Hjelle, Carl A Decorah la 1901-04, 1906-10.. A. B., 1910 Holden, Oscar Bode la 1901-02 Holkesvik, Julian A Locust la 1901-07 Hopperstad, Gilbert Ridgeway la 1901-02 Hovden, Gilbert Decorah la 1901-02 Hovden, Olvin K Decorah la 1901-02 Hustvedt, Olaf M Decorah la 1901-05 Iverson, Henry Elma la 1901-08 A. B., 1908 Larsen, Henning Decorah la 1901-08 A. B., 1908 Larsen, Jakob A. O Decorah la 1901-08 A. B., 1908 Larsen, Lukas Mabel Minn . . . 1901-02 Lieberg, Harvey Cottonwood Minn Lommen, GuUik O Shindlar S. D . Lundring, Millard M Canby Minn Moe, Edwin O Mcintosh Minn *Moe, Lewis L Watson Minn Monson, Martin J Delhi Minn Ordal, Albert Colton S. D . Peterson, Leon C Renville Minn Pederson, John A Bode la 1901-03 Rodsater, George I Manchester Minn . . . 1901-06 Rosholdt, Carl L Centergrove Minn . . . 1901-02 Sandager, Peter E Calmar la 1901-06 Sather, Johannes Ulen Minn. . .1901-02 Sauer, Adolf Glenville Minn . . . 1901-03 Sevareid, Ephraim Kenyon Minn . . . 1901-06 Severson, Edwin G Colton S. D 1901-02, 1904-10 Sperley, John Lourdes la 1901-08 A. B., 1908 Strand, Herman Albert Lea Minn . . . 1901-05 A. B., 1905 .A. B., 1907 . . 1901-02 . . . 1901-06 . . . 1901-02 . . .1901-06. . .1901-04. . .1901-08. . . .1901-02, . .1901-05. 1904-05. A. B., 1906 '.A. b!,' 1908 .A. B., 1905 A. B., 1906 1903-06.. A. B., 1906 238 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation *Struxness, Edwart Milan Minn. . .1901-03, 1904-06.. A. B., 1906 Thorsen, M. Hauman New Centerville . . . Wis 1901-07 A. B., 1907 Torgerson, Abel G Somber la 1901-03 Torrison, Anker O Manitowoc Wis 1901-04, 1906-07.. A. B., 1907 Viken, Arthur Granite Falls Minn. . .1901-02 Void, J. Godfrey Decorah la 1901-02 1902-1903 Aaby, Elmer C Hayfield Minn. . .1902-05 Anderson, Andrew A Hills Minn , . . 1902-05 Bergan, Oscar Ridgeway la 1902-04 Berhow, Seward Huxley la 1902-04 *Borge, Daniel Johannes Decorah la 1902-08 A. B., 1908 Brendal, John M Starbuck Minn. . .1902-04, 1905-06.. A. B., 1906 *Bruland, Peter O Lake Mills la 1902-06 A. B., 1906 Dorrum, Ingebret Parkland Wash. . .1902-04 A. B., 1904 Drotning, T. Melvin Stoughton Wis 1902-06 A. B., 1906 *Estrem, Gustav Rudolph Willmar Minn. . .1902-06 A. B., 1906 Glaim, Hellek Willmar Minn. . .1902-03 Gunderson, Adolph Ossian la 1902-03 Gunlaugson, G. B Akra N. D... .1902-03 Haatvedt, Ole Spillville la 1902-04 Halldorsson, Halldor K Park River N. D. . . . 1902-03 Hanson, Hartvig Decorah la 1902-05 Hanson, Helmer G Sioux Rapids la 1902-03 Hanson, Joseph Grant Bode la 1902-09 A B., 1909 *Haugen, Thomas Amandus . . . Mellen Wis 1902-05, 1906-09.. A. B., 1909 Homstad, Carl N Westby Wis 1902-04 Jenson, Julius H Seneca la 1902-04 Jetley, Hans A Meckling S. D 1902-03 *Johnson, Joseph La Crosse Wis 1902-06 A. B., 1906 Johnson, Peter O. C Glenwood Minn . . . 1902-06 A. B., 1906 Kalstad. JuHus C Glenville Minn. . .1902-04 *Kjorlaug, Peter Fredrik Luverne Minn. . .1902-08 A. B., 1908 Kloster, Lars S Huxley la 1902-08 A. B., 1908 *Korsrud, Albert Clarence Decorah la 1902-08 A. B., 1908 Kulaas, Peter Minot N. D. . . . 1902-07 A. B., 1907 ' Langeland, John Rothsay Minn . . . 1902-04 Lansing, Lawrence R Bode la 1902-03 Leikvold, Albert Waterville la 1902-03, 1904-05 Lin, Olav Hudson S. D 1902-03 Monson, Otto A. M Bode la 1902-07 *Mortenson, Emil E Manchester M nn . . . 1902-06 A. B., 1906 Mortenson, Ludwig C Milwaukee Wis 1902-03 Myklebust, Johan Norway . 1902-03 Naeseth, Adolph O Zumbrota . ...... Minn. . .1902-09 A. B., 1909 *Naeseth, (Ulrik) William Koren Decorah la 1902-08 A. B., 1908 Norgaard, Alfred Fargo N. D. . . . 1902-03 Odegaard, G. K Portland N. D. . . . 1902-04 Olson, Olaf M Bode la 1902-03 Opheim, Lawrence M Bode la 1902-05 *Ordahl, Mathias B Benson Minn . . . 1903-05 Rongley, Henry C Lenora Minn . . . 1902-05 Rostad, Carl Norman Decorah la 1902-03, 1904-05..'. Ryen, Albert Wild Rice N. D. . . . 1902-03 Sampson, Arthur Decorah la 1902-03 Snortum, Kenneth O Canby Minn . . . 1902-03 . . Solsten, Ben Decorah la 1902-04 Story (Storre), Norman H. (Nils Haakon Norman) Kensett la 1902-04 Stub, Ingolf Arntz Hovind. . . .St. Paul Minn. . .1902-04 *Tallakson, Selmer Lawrence.. .Willmar Minn. . .1902-06 A. B., 1906 Teien, Alfred M Benson Minn. . .1902-03 Teslow, Adolf H Hayward Minn . . . 1902-03 *Tingelstad, Oscar Adolf Silverton Ore 1902-05 A. B., 1905 Tjernagel, Gustav Story Citv la 1902-03 Tyssen, Carl Lake Mills la 1902-06 A. B., 1906 *Ursin, Nikolai Berg Chicago Ill 1902 Wall, S. Oscar Kensett la 1902-03, 1905-06 Wilke, Erich Fessenden N. D. . . . 1902-05 Wilke, Gustav H Fessenden N. D. . . . 1902-05 ATTENDANCE 239 Student • Post Office Years at Luther College Graduation Ansten, Henry Ingvald Decorah la 1903-04. Bendickson, Gilbert B Scarville la 1903-06 . •■Bergee, Theodor Gilchrist . . . .' Minn. Birkestrand, Albert Cambridge la ... . Bolstad, Oscar K . . Fertile Minn . Bredvold, J. Louis Belview Minn. Brendingen, Edwin L Lake Park Minn. Britson, John E Roland la . . . . Ersland, Arthur .Roland la . . . . Ferkin, Otis B Roland la *Forde, Gerhard Olavus Starbuck Minn. *Fretheim, Severt Johan Oakland Minn. . 1903-04, . 1903-04 . 1903-04 . 1903-07 . 1903-04 . 1903-06 .1903-04 . 1903-06 . 1903-07 . 1903-07 1905-07. .A. B., 1907 .A. B., 1907 Grindstuen, Iver I Sutton's Bav Mich. . . . 1903-09 A. B., 1909 Gulbrandson, Eskild H Albert Lea Minn. . .1903-04 Gulbrandson, Rolf M Albert Lea Minn. . .1903-04 Gunderson, Kittil Ridgeway la 1903-04 Gunvordahl, Harold Deerfield Wis 1903-04 Guttebci, Casper Huxley la 1903-04 Gutteb0, Nels H. W Huxley la 1903-09 A. B., 1909 Hanson, George C Bode la 1903-09 A. B., 1909 Hanson, Karl Twin Vallev Minn. . .1903-04, 1905-08. .A. B., 1908 Haugen, Albert E Decorah la 1903-06 Heggen, Henry S Huxley la 1903-04 Hegland, Martin N Roland la 1903-06 Hegland, Thor O Roland la 1903-05 Helgeson, Alfred Gravtown Wis 1903-04 Hem, Hans N Fosston Minn. . .1903-08 Henderson, Nils Cresco la 1903-04, 1909-13. Hokaasen, Otto T Decorah la 1903-09 A. B., 1909 A. B., 1908 .1903-06. ,1903-04, 1908-10. . 1903-05 . .1903-06. .1903-04. .1903-04. .1903-04. Iverson, Jonas B Hemingford Neb Iverson, Peter J Arnegard N. D. Johnson, Arthur R Decorah la . . . Kilness, Philip G Dell Rapids S. D.. Lade, Sigurd Fosston Minn Larson, Arthur New York N. Y. Larson, Harold New York N. Y. Lee, Alfred L Stoughton Wis 1903-05 *Lillegard, George Oliver ■ Bode la 1903-08 *Lynne, Justus A Elbow La:ke Minn . . . 1903-07 A. Monson, Henry Decorah la 1903-07 Nordby, Paul Lee Ill 1903-06 Olsen, Nels A Herscher Ill 1903-07 A. Olsen, Thomas J Herscher Ill 1903-09 Petersen, Bernard (Sorose).. . .St. Paul Minn. . .1903-06 Preus, Paul A Decorah la 1903-11 A. Qually, Peter W Decorah la 1903-10 A. Randklev, Edward Minn. . .1903-04 Ritland, Simon Roland la 1903-04 *Rosholdt, Jacob Wilhelm Centergrove Minn *Smeby, Olaf Vilhelm Albert Lea Minn Sorlien, Carl Bode A. B.. 1910 A. B., 1908 1907 1911 1910 Sponheim, Wm. H Hatton Stuve, Selmer Whitehall Wis 1903-05 *Sumstad, Martin Ovedius Ashby Minn. . .1903-07 Teisberg, Thomas H Ashby Minn. . .1903-07 Ulen, Edward Decorah la 1903-04 *Vaaler, Arnt Johannes Twin Vallev Minn. . .1903-07 Wevlev, K. A. Mevcr Highlandville la 1903-04 Wist, Benjamin O Decorah la 1903-09 1903-07 A. B., 1907 1903-07 A. B., 1907 la 1903-04, 1005-06, 1907-09 N. D... .1903-04 A. B., 1907 A. B., 1907 A. B., 1907 1904-1905 *Aanestad, C. Walther Garretson S. D. . Anderson, G. Peter Hills Minn . *Backerud, Martin B Newman Grove .... Neb . . Bareness, Martin Hartland Minn. Birkelo, Carl C Colton S. D . . Bjprgo, P. Gerhard A Red Wing Minn . Boe, J. Ludvig Norway Lake Minn . Braafiadt, Ole A Belview Minn . Clave, Alfred O Ottosen la ... . .1904-08 . 1904-06 .1904-08 A. B., 1908 . 1904-05 .1904-10 A. B., 1910 .1904-08 A. B., 1908 .1904-05, 1906-07 . 1904-06 . 1904-09 240 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation .A. B., 1908 A. B., 1913 1908-10.. A. B., 1910 Dahl, Gerhard H Hillsboro N. D.. . .1904-08 Dahl, Henry C Devils Lake N. D. . . . 1904-07 Dale, Christian J Decorah la 1904-12 Dale, Herman F Decorah la 1904-13 Ekfelt. Odd E Decorah la 1904-07 Finseth, Carl H Kenyon Minn . . . 1904-06 Forde, Arthur M Highlandville la 1904-07 *Fritz, Charles Arnold Minot N. D.. . ,1904-05, 1907-11. .A. B.. 1911 Fuglie, Martin R Ashbv Minn ... 1 904-07 Gaard, Homer Roland la 1904-05 Gravgaard, J. P Belgrade Minn . . . 1904-07 Guttebo, Morton A Huxley la 1904-13 *Haavik, Elias Cornelius De Forest Wis 1904-06 Halvorson, Alfred O Gary Minn . . , 1904-08 . Han.son, Sven A Cranfill's Gap Texas. . . 1904-09. Hellekson, Adolph Hayfield Minn . . . 1904-07 . Hjelle, Sigurd Decorah la 1904-05. Hjort, Karl Olaf Minneapolis Minn . . . 1904-05 . .A. B., 1908 .A. B., 1909 LADIES' AID AT COLLEGE (Mrs. C. K. Preus in Foreground) HoegevoU, Alfred T Decorah la 1904-08 . *Holum, James (Jens) Olaus. . . De Forest Wis 1904-08 . Humble, Adolph Rushford Minn. . .1904-05. Jenson, Omar H McHenry N. D.. . . 1904-10. *Jerdee, Joseph C MinneapoHs Minn . . . 1904-07, Johnson, Henry J Minneapolis Minn . . . 1904-05 . Juul, Rudolph A Brandon Minn . . . 1904-08 . *Kalvestrand, Lars Alfred Marion Viroqua Wis 1905-07. Langeland, Martin Highlandville la 1904-05 . Lar.son, Simon Richard Vermilion S. D. . . . 1904-05 . Lee, Mart'n E S. D . . . . 1904-06 . Lee, Peter A. G Deerfield Wis 1904-06 . Leikvold, Olvin G Waterville la 1904-05 . *Magelssen, Finn Rushford Minn. . .1905-09. Martin, Carl Oscar Minneapolis Minn . . . 1904-06 . Miller, Anton Lewis Hartland Minn . . . 1904-11 . .A. B., 1908 A. B., 1910 .A. B., 1909 ATTENDANCE 241 Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Mvran, Andres O Decorah la 1904-05, 1906-07, 1911-12 Noer, Victor R Colfax Wis 1904-08 Nygaard, Olaf S Hartland Minn. . .1904-10 Orfield, Didrick J Belview Minn, . .1904-06 Peterson, Tillman Soldiers Grove Wis 1904-08 A. B., 1908 *Preus, Herman Amberg Minneapolis Minn. . .1904-10 A. B., 1910 Ringoen, Adolph R Ridgeway la 1904-08 Rosholdt, Ingelbert E Centergrove Minn. . .1904-08 A. B., 1908 Rostad, Martin L Decorah la 1904-08 A. B., 1908 Rud, Carl O Portland N. D 1904-06 Rygg, Lawrence S Decorah la 1904-06 *Sandager, Christian N Belview Minn. . .1904-10 A. B , i910 *Sandberg, Ivar Morris Minn. . .1904-11 A. B., 1911 Skaaland, Sven G Viroqua Wis 1904-08 A. B., 1908 *Skagen, Johan Angel Mdrk . . . Brooklyn N. Y. . . .1904-06 *Skavlan (Schavlan)^ Ole E. . . . Chicago Ill 1905-06 Skrede, Moses M Colton S. D . . . . 1904-06 Smedal, Carl A Roland la 1904-08 Solberg, Melvin Blooming Prairie . . . Minn . . . 1904-05 Solseth, Leonhard I Watson Minn . . . 1904-06 Sorum, Gilman Oscar A Waukon la 1904-05, 1910-11 Stensrud, Edwin J Hartland Minn. . . 1904-07 Storla, Erick O Decorah la 1904-07 Teslow, Herman A Decorah la 1904-07, 1908-09 Trytten, C. Oscar Albert Lea Minn . . . 1904-09 A. B., 1909 Voiding, Carl N Decorah la 1904-05 Winner, Guy W Minneapolis Minn . . . 1904-06 *Wisnaes, John Carlot Hickson N. D.. . .1904-09 A. B., 1909 1905-1906 *Aal, Eugene Junhard Starbuck Minn. . .1905-06, 1908-11.. A. B., 1911 Anderson, Earlen Cresco la 1905-06 Andreasen, Hans G Denmark. . 1905-06 Arness, Albert Decorah la 1905-06 Arness, Gilbert Decorah la 1905-06 ♦Austin, Otto George Garretson S. D . . .1905-12 A. B., 1912 Bell, Otto Orlow Soldiers Grove Wis 1905-06 Brandt, Olaf J Macfarland Wis 1905-08 *Buedall (Buttedal), Anton A. .Muskegon Mich 1905-12 A. B., 1912 Clement. Edgar A Decorah la 1905-06 Dahl, Silas E Cottonwood Minn . . . 1905-07 Edwards, Maurice A Macfarland Wis 1905-06 *Ensrud, Joseph Oscar Emil. . .Wells Minn. . .1905-09 . .A. B., 1909 Erickson, Edward H Hixton Wis 1905-06 *Faye, Christopher Urdahl Zululand Africa.. .1905-09 A. B., 1909 Forester, O. I Decorah la 1905-06 Gaarder, Olaf Starbuck Minn . . . 1905-09 A. B., 1909 Gilbertson, Ginard A Maddock N. D 1905-09 Gilbertson, Henry Maddock N. D 1905-06 Gronna, Thomas A. F Waterville la 1905-06, 1907-12 *Haavik, Olai Ludvig De Forest Wis 1905-12 A. B., 1912 Hanson, George T Madison S. D 1905-06 Harstad, S. George Parkland Wash. . . 190.5-08 A. B., 1908 Holien, Joseph O Flandreau S. D . . . . 1905-06 Hope, Martin Nerstrand Minn . . . 1905-06 *Hoyme, Adolph Helmer Hills Minn. . .1905-06, 1913-17 Hustvedt, William Decorah la 1905-06, 1907-08, 1909-10 Jen.son. Carl Andrew Edgerton Wis 1905-07, 1908-10.. A. B., 1910 Jerde, Oscar Toronto S. D 1905-11 A. B., 1911 Jerdee, T. R Minneapolis Minn . . . 1905-06 *Johnshoy, M. Casper Starbuck Minn. . .1905-06, 1907-09.. A. B., 1909 *Jordahl, Edward L Beaver Creek Minn . . . 1905-10 A. B., 1910 Kasberg, Alvin H Spring Grove Minn . . . 1905-08 Kilness, Oscar B Dell Rapids S. D 1905-07 Larsen, Albert K Decorah la 1905-06, 1908-11 Lee, Jacob S Decorah la 1905-06 Leque, Otto Byron Minn . . . 1905-06 *Lerud, Theodore Twin Valley Minn. . .1905-10 A. B., 1910 Leum, Henry J Mayville N. D 1905-09 A. B., 1909 Lomen, Ernest St. Paul Minn . . . 1905-07 Markhus, Einar Decorah la 1905-06 Markhus, Orrin Decorah la 1905-06 242 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation A. B., 1909 A. B., 1909 Neprud, Selmer Westby Wis 1905-08 Nilsestuen, Martin Arcadia Wis 1905-06 Olson, Martin Bruce S. D. . . .1905-06 Pederson, Christopher A Benson Minn . . . 1905-09 Peterson, Aslak S Orfordville Wis 1905-09 Qualset, Stephen Newman Grove .... Neb .... 1905-06 Ramsland, Sigurd Westby Wis 1905-07 *Rolfsen, Ole O Decorah la 1905-06, 1908-09 Rosholdt, Theodore G Centergrove Minn . . . 1905-09 *SaIvesen, Emil Alexandria Minn . . . 1905-09 Shellum, Joseph Minn . . . 1905-06 Sondresen, Magnus S Bricelyn Minn . . . 1905-08 Sperati, Carsten E Decorah la 1905-13 A Tenold, W. O Flandreau S. D 1905-07 Tjernagel, Clarence Stanwood Wash , . . 1905-06 Voiding, Rov Decorah la 1905-08 Wee, Elmer Martin Orfordville Wis 1905-06, 1907-09.. . , Wikesland, Gustav A. M Decorah la 1905-08 Williams, Henrv W Hazel Run Minn. . .1905-07, 1909-11.. . . *Ylvisaker, Nils Walther Albert Lea Minn . . . 1905-09 A A. B., 1909 A. B., 1909 1906-1907 Aaby, E. Clarence Hayfield Minn Anderson, Oscar E Colfax Wis. . Bakke, Erick Arthur Decorah la . . . Blegen, Harald Olaf Decorah la . . . Erickson, Arthur C La Crosse Wis. . Erstad, Andrew T Zumbrota Minn Hansen, Harold Clarence Cleveland Ohio. Hansen, Harry J Cleveland Ohio. Haugen, Roy Wallace Lac qui Parle Minn Herseth, Adolph A Hitterdal Minn Hilmen, Alfred Crookston Minn Hjelle, Bernhard C Decorah la . . . Iverson, Ingvald Toronto S. D. Kilness, Bennie A Dell Rapids S. D . Losen, Jones Decorah la . . . *Madson, Norman Arthur Manitowoc Wis. . Mevig, Andreas I. M Lake Park Minn Moe, Leonard A Decorah la . . . Monson, Albert Delhi Minn *M0ller, Gustav Emil Tell Wis. . *Nesset, Alfred Olevius Decorah la . . . Norgaard, James R Big Grove Minn Opheim, James Oliver Bode la . . . Overn, Orlando E. A Albert Lea Minn Peterson, Enoch E McHenry N. D. Peterson, Francis E Clarkston Idaho Prescott, Abner Deerfield Wis. . Preus, Wilhelm C Minneapolis Minn Reishus, Knut P. B Stanley Wis . . Revne, H. Gerhard M Locust la . . . *Rognlien, Joseph Bernhard . . . Strum Wis. . Rosenqvist, Bernhard Baldwin Wis. . Sj0bakken, John O Adams Minn Shervem, Henry O Parkland Wash Snortum, Carl Adams Minn Sperati, Paolo H Decorah la . . . Storre, John S Kensett la . . . Thingvold, Elmer Hesper la . . . Thompson, Julian S Barnesville Minn Tobiason, Carl S Hatton N. D. *Tufte, Olaf Brandt Grand Forks N. D. Tweet, Charlie O Sattre la. . . Urness, John N Saude la . . . *Vaaler, Knut Bernhard Twin Valley Minn Ylvisaker, Lauritz S St. Paul Minn . 1906- . 1906- . 1906- .1906- . 1906- . 1906- .1906- . 1906- .1906 . 1906- . 1906- . 1906- . 1906- . 1906- . 1906- . 1906- .1906- . 1906- . 1906- 1906- . 1906- . 1906- . 1906- . 1906- .1906- , 1906- . 1906- .1906- , 1906- . 1906- , 1906- . 1906- . 1906- 1906- 1906- 1906- 1906- 1906- 1906- 1906- 1906- 1906 1906 1906 1906 A. B., 1910 A. B., 1913 07. 07. 10. 12. 10. 10. 13. 12. 09. 10. 09. 09 07 09 08 11 A. B., 1911 09 A. B., 1909 12 A. B., 1912 10 A. B., 1910 08. A. B., 1910 -13 -11 -07. . . . .A. .A. B. B. 1913 1911 -07 -12 -09 -07 .A. .A. B. B. 1912 1909 -13 -09 -09 .A. ■ A. B. B. 1913 1909 -10 -09 -08 . A. .A. B. B. 1910 1909 -09 07 A. B. 1909 12, 1913-15 -07 .A. B. 1915 07. . . 07 09 10 08 A. B. 1910 14. 10. 10. ,A. B., 1914 .A. B., 1910 .A. B., 1910 1907-1908 Aanesiad, Otto Herbert Garretson S. D 1907-12 . Anderson, Elmer Minn . . . 1907-08 , Bersie, Arthur Melviji Spring Grove Minn . . . 1907-09 . .A. B., 1912 ATTENDANCE 243 Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation 1907-11 1907-09, 1911-13 1907-08 1907-09 1907-09, 1910-12 1907-09 ..A.. B. 1912 1907-10 1907-11 1907-10 A. B. 1911 1907-08 1907-09 1907-12 1907-11 1907-13 1907-10 .A. B. .A. B. 1911 1913 1907-11 1907-09 A. B. 1911 1907-08 1907-11 1907-08 1907-09 1907-08 1907-12 1907-08 1907-11 1907-08 A. B. 1911 1907-08 1907-08 1907-11 1908-16 1907-08 .A. B. .A. B. 1911 1916 1907-13 1907-12 1907-09 1907-11 1907-08 .A. B. 1911 1907-09 1907-08 1907-08 -- 1907-11 1907-10 .A. B. 1911 1907-09 1907-10 1907-08 1907-08 1907-12 1907-09 1907-11 1907-09 , . . .A. B., 1911 1907-09 1907-08 1907-11 1907-08 .A. B. 1911 1907-11 :.. 1907-13 1907-08 .A. B. A. B. 1911 1913 1907-09 . 1907-11 1907-09 A. B. 1911 Bidne, Joseph Peder Locust la ... . Birkelo, Rasmus C Colton S. D . . Burtness, Austin Spring Grove Minn . Christianson, Ole Crookston Minn , Dahl, Wilhelm P Gayville S. D . . Ellison, Edwin Orlando Minor N. D.. Espeland, Nels Christopher. . . Waterville la. . . . Estenson, Emil Menomonie Wis. . . Flaskerud, Joseph O Decorah la ... . Fosmark, Carl Flandreau S. D . . Gilbertson, Carl N Portland N. D.. Granseth, Edwin Bode la ... . Grimley, Peter Oliver B Portland N. D. . Gulbrandson, Cleon D Albert Lea Minn.. Hanson, Herbert C St. Paul Minn. Hegg, Elmer Robert Blair Wis. . . ♦Henderson, Elmer A Lake Mills la ... . Hoel, Harry Canby Minn . Jacobson, Waldemar Albert. . .Waterville la ... . Johnson, Harold Morris Minn . Johnsrud, Peter L Spring Grove Minn . Jonnson, B. C N. D.. Kiel, Albert Lauritz Calmar la ... . Kirkeby, G. W Decorah la. . . . *Larson, Victor Ferdinand Cambridge Wis. . . Larson, Wallace Decorah la Leikvold, Theodore Waterville la ... . Leland, Oscar Ontario Wis. . . ♦Livdahl, Albert N Hickson N. D. . *Losen, Carl Decorah la ... . Moller, Arnold Henrik Tell Wis. . . Narum, Selmer H Waterville la ... . Neprud, Alf Westby Wis . . . Nestos, Peter Minot N. D. . Onsgard, Henry A Edgerton Wis . . . Ordahl, Martin Colton S. D . . Peterson, Elmer A Brandt S. D. . Preus, Rudolph Westby Wis. . . Preus, Vernick Westby Wis. . . *Quill, Martin Bertinius Sauk Center Minn. Quinnell, Johan Spring Grove Minn . Reishus, George A Minot N. D. . Reishus, Selmer W Minot N. D. . Risendal, Ole Stillwater Minn . *Risty, Edward Sioux Falls S. D . . Rossing, Andrew Clifford Bode la ... . Seines, Edgar J Spring Grove Minn . Simley, Irvin T Portland N. D.. Snartemo, Ingvald I Canton S. D . . Solem, Kasper Brandt S. D . . Storla, Theodore Decorah la. . . . Thorpe, Olaf Christian Willmar Minn , Trulson, Theodore Orfordville Wis. . . Trytten, John M Albert Lea Minn. *Ulvilden, Reinhardt Sioux Falls S. D. . Wallace, Enok Arnold Spring Grove Minn . Wennes, Peter Spring Grove Minn . Wollan, Casper I . . . Glenwood Minn . Wollan, Holger W Glenwood Minn . 1908-1909 Aaby, Arthur OHver Hayfield Minn. . .1908-12 A. B., 1912 Anderson, Truman C Highlandville la 1908-11 ♦Andrews, Melvin O Mayville N. D 1908-14 A. B Birkelo, Carl P Ferryville Wis 1908-13, 1914-1 7.. A. B Blegen, John Alfred Decorah la 1908-11 *Borlaug, Arthur Oliver Calmar la 1908-14 .... Brunsdale, C. Norman Portland N. D 1908-13. . . . Brunsdale, G. Elmer Portland N. D 1908-13 .... Burtness, Britton Orfordville Wis 1908-13. . . . Carsrud, Jens Colton S. D 1908-09 Clave, Clarence O Ottosen la 1908-10. *Foss, Carl L Everett Wash. . .1908-12 A. B.. 1912 Fulsaas, Sigurd Martin Newman Grove .... Neb .... 1908-09 1914 1917 A. B., 1914 A. B., 1913 A. B., 1913 244 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation Gilbertson, Albert H . Portland .Decorah . Decorah . Warren .Decorah . St. Olaf .Decorah . Kensett .Decorah . Decorah . Ferryville . Decorah . Wittenberg .Decorah .Edgerton . Starbuck . De Forest . De Forest . Decorah .Decorah . Highlandville . Wausau Decorah .Crary . Elbow Lake .Waterville . Decorah . Parkland . Decorah .Forest City . Bellingham . Highlandville . Decorah . Newman Grove . . . . Dane .Decorah . Humboldt . Bode . Tacoma . Horace . Spring Valley . Benson .St. Olaf . Glenwood 1909-1910 . Parkland . Colton . Decorah . . Portland .Decorah . Waterville .Lee . Bode . Amherst .Decorah .Decorah . Cresco . Decorah , . Wildrose . . Nerstrand . .Decorah . . Viroqua . . Amherst Jet , . Belview . .Decorah . .Decorah . .Decorah . . Nunda . . Decorah . .Kindred . N. D . . .la .la . Minn. . .la .la .la .la .la .la .Wis.... .la .Wis.... .la .Wis.... .Minn. . .Wis.... .Wis.... .la .la .la .Wis.... .la ,N. D... . Minn. . .Wis.... .la .la . Wash . . .la .la .Wash.", .la la . Neb. . . . .Wis.... .la S. D... .la .Wash. . .N. D... .Wis.... .Minn . . .la . Minn. . .Wash. .S. D.. .la N. D.. .la.... .la.... . .Ill .la .Wis... .la .la .la .la .N. D.. , .Minn. . . la . . . . ..Wis... ..Wis... . . Minn , ,.Ia.... . . la . . . . ..la.... . .S. D.. . .la . .N. D.. ..1908-09 Gjerset, Maurice Gorder, Lester W Grindeland, Ingolf A Grinna, Oliver Alexander. . . . .1908-09, 1910-12, 1913-15, 1919. .1908-15 .1908-10 .1908-10 '.A. B., 1915 Halvorson, Clarence Julian . . .1908-10 Halvorson, Elmer . 1908-09 Hansen, Carl M Hanson, Olaf . 1908-12 .1908-09 .A. B., 1912 Haugen, Donald James Hendricks, Herbert N Hjelle, Walter G Hovde, Brynjolf J Iverson, Elmer Oliver Jenson, Clarence .1908-16 .1908-12 .1908-10. ....... .1908-10, 1912-16. .1908-12 . 1908-09 .A. '.A. B., B., 1916 1916 *Johnshoy, Joseph Walter . . . . Johnson, Herman Carl .1908-11 . 1908-09 .A. B., 1911 Johnson, Justus Hartwick . . . .1908-10 . 1908-09 Korsrud, August O . 1908-09 Lane, Reinhard A Larson, Einar Roger Losen, Philip Luros, Floyd T Lynne, Alfred Norman .1908-10 . 1908-15 .1908-13 .1908-12 .1908-09 '.A. B.'. 1915 MoUand, Gerhard . 1908-09 *Narum, Hartvig Karensius.. . Olson, Clifford .1908-10, 1911-17. . 1908-09 .A. B., 1917 Opstad, Tver A *Orting, Einar Albert N. Bryn .1908-11 . 1908-09 A. B., 1911 .1908-09, 1911-13. . 1908-09 Peterson, Frank Wm ........ Peterson, Helmer .1908-09 Preus, Herman A Qualset, Olaf .1908-16 . 1908-09 .A. B., 1916 Reppen, Nels Oliver .1908-09 Seines, Edwin Robert Severson, Elmer Oliver .1908-16 .1908-12 .A. B., 1916 Sorlien, Oscar Conrad *Storaasli, Gynther Storstad, Alfred G Waller. Theodore A *Wanberg, Richard Theodore . Wold, Harry .1908-12 .1908-11 . 1908-12 .1908-10 .1908-14 , . 1908-09 '.A. A. '.A. B.', B., b!, 'i9ii , 1912 ,'i9i4 WoUan, Winfred A *Aaberg, Theodore Anderson, Conrad Arthur. . . . Bakke, Orlando , .1908-12 . .1909-11. . .• , .1909-17 . .1909-12 A. .A. .A. B. b. B., , 1912 , 1911 , 1917 Brunsdale, Kristian Edward. Bruvold, Oscar A .1909-14 . .1909-10 .A. B. , 1914 Busness, Otinus M Eide, Alvin Clyde . .1909-12, 1913-14, 1915-16 . .1909-10 . .1909-14 *Forseth, Peder C Hanson, Claudie B . .1909-13 . .1909-10 .A. B., , 1913 , .1909-13 Henderson, Gustav . .1909-14 *Hexom, Wilhelm Theodore . . Holter, Arthur M Hope, Carl ..1909-17 . .1909-17 . .1909-10 .A. .A. B., B., , 1917 , 1917 . .1909-11 Kjos, Selmer E . .1909-17 *KJ8er, Ludvig Peder (Kjer).. Knutson, Carl S . . 1909-13 ..1909-13 . .1909-14 .A. .A. B. B. , 1913 , 1913 Lee, Arthur O ..1909-17 . .1909-10 .A. B. , 1917 *Lono (Lone), Mikkel Moe, Guy Enoch ..1909-17 . .1909-12 .A. B. , 1917 Monson, Herman W ..1909-11, 1912-14 ..A. B. , 1914 ATTENDANCE 245 Student Post Oiifice State Years at Luther College Graduation . .Albert Lea . Minn. . .la .N. D... .Minn. . .Minn.. . .la .la . Minn. . .Mich.. . . Minn. . .Minn. . .la Texas.. .Wis.... .N D... .S. D... .la .la N. D... .la .la . Minn. . .Ill .Minn. . la .la . Minn . . S. D... .Wis.... .Minn. . .Wis.... . Minn. . . Minn. . .N. D... . Minn. . N. D... .Wis.... .N. D... .la .Wash. . .Wis.... .Ill .N. D... .la .la .S. D... . Minn. . .S. D... N. D... .N. D... .Wis.... .Wis.... .N. D... .la . Minn. . . Minn. . .la . Minn. . .Wis.... .la . Neb . . . . Minn . . .Ill .Minn. . .Wis.... la . Minn. . . Minn. . . Minn . . .la . Minn . . .la .1909-11 Natvig, Arthur S Nelson, David T . . Cresco . . Mayville . . Stillwater . . Stillwater . . Bode . .Decorah . . Glenwood . . Manistique , . Minneapolis . . Belview . . Decorah . .Hamilton . . Stanley . . Binford . .Montrose . . Cresco . .Decorah . .Valley City . . Cresco . .Decorah . . Byron . . Rochelle . . Spring Grove .1909-17 .1909-12 .1909-11 .A. .A. B., B., 1917 1912 Olsen, Ralph Norman Opheim, Carl Wm. .1909-13 .1909-11 Opsahl, Julian Eberhard Overstad, Arthur *Petersen, Justin Axel *Peterson, Henry John *Rahn, Grant Ormy Gustus. . Ramsey, Johan Alfred Rea, Clarence .1909-16 .1909-12 .1909-13 .1909-14 .1909-13 .1909-11 .1909-10 .A. '.A. '.A. B., B., B., 1916 191.3 1913 Reishus, Fritjof E Ringlee, Emil .1909-13 .1909-12 .A. B., 1913 Ruste, Lauritz Scott, Andrew .1909-11 .1909-10 Soland, Embret Stensby, Theodore Stinson, Clarence Bennie . . . Swensen, Walter J Thorsen, H. Adolph .1909-12 .1909-16 .1909-10, 1911-12. .1909-16 .1909-13 '.A. 'a. B.', B., 1916 19i6 Weeks, Otto W Wennes, Edgar R .1909-11, 1912-13. .1909-10 Wold, John Bertram Woldum, Hilmen Morris. . . . . Hesper . .Decorah 1910-1911 . . Barnesville . . Colton . . Holmen . . Red Wing .1909-10 .1909-12 Aamodt, Oscar .1910-12 *Austin, Casper M .1910-16. Berrum, Gerhard L .1910-15 Bjorgo, Victor B .1910-14 Bredesen, Osuld Torrison. . . . . Deerfield . . Sacred Heart .1910-13 .1910-16 .1910-13, 1915-16. .1910-12 .A. B., 1916 CoUin, Sam Gilbert . .Sacred Heart.. . Digness, Agnar B . .Grand Forks . . Spring Grove . .Devils Lake . . Valders . . Portland . . Northwood . . Parkland . . Rockdale . .Chicago . .Lignite . .Waukon . . Roland . . Colton Doely, Sivert Helmer .1910-11 Erickson, Elmer .1910-12 *Gigstad, Walter T Gilbertson, Theodore *Grefthen, Emil Alexander.. . *Greibrok, Aanon *Halvorson, Elmer Nestor. . . *Hansen, Helmer Johan .1910-14 .1910-12, 1913-16. .1910-14 .1910-12 .1910-14 .1910-13 .A. .A. .A. .A. .A. B., B., B., B., B., 1914 1916 1914 1912 1914 Hanson, John Tillman Helgeson, Henry Alfred . . . . Iverson, Clarence Tony .... .1910-18 .1910-14, 1915-17. .1910-12 .A. B., 1918 Johnson, Joseph M .1910-18 .1910-16 .1910-16 .1910-16 .1910-15 .1910-13, 1914-15. .1910-15 .A. .A. .A. .A. .A. B., B., B., B., B., , 1918 , 1916 Kilness, Gideon Waldemar \ Kraabel, Ragnar E Kraabel, Torger Oswold . . . . V.Dell Rapids . . Clifford . . Clifford . . Menomonie . . Rice Lake . .Minot . . Lake Mills . .Minneapolis . . Gibbon . .Waukon . .Hibbing . . Beldenville . . Cresco . . Alliance . .Duluth . . Chicago . . Minneapolis . .Westby . . Bode . .Minneapolis . . Montevideo . . Glenville . .Decorah . . Hoffman . .Decorah , 1916 , 1916 , 1915 Kvam, Julian Alf S Larson, Randall J Levorson, Oscar Linjer, Edgar Edward .1910-11 .1910-14 .1910-12 '.a'. B.', ,'l9i4 *Loftness, George O Loven, Carl Alfred .1911-14 .1910-14 Mehl, Oscar Irvin .1910-12 Mossing, Granville M .1910-13 Natvig, Alvin Julius Nordvik, Sigvald .1910-18 .1910-11 .A. B. , 1918 Olafson, Clarence Mandt . . . Petersen, Ralph W .1910-17 .1910-12. . .A. B. , 1917 Preus, Otto Hjort .1910-12 Ramsland, Arvid .1910-13 . Riveness, Joseph . .1910-11 Ronning, Russell E .1910-12 Saue, Sam O .1910-11. . . Sauer, Arnold G Selland, Casper Roy .1910-15 .1910-12 .A. B. , 1915 Shefloe, Silas , .1910-11 Stabo, Nils Eivind .1910-16 246 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Student Post Office Years at Luther College Graduation Streeter, Elmer Melvin La Crosse Wis 1910-17 . Subey, Ward A Stoughton Wis 1910-11, Swansen, H. Fred Boston Mass.. . . 1911-14. Swanson, Leonard O Clifford N. D.. . .1910-16. Syvertson, Sam Amherst Wis 1910-13 . Thoen, Ellert A Kensett la 1910-13 . ThoUehaug, Oscar Kristian . . . Decorah la 1910-12 . Thompson, Thomas A Chicago Ill 1910. . . . *Thorpe, Nordahl Brun Willmar Minn. . .1910-14. Waage, Johannes Neilsville Wis 1911-18 , *Waage, Knud Olav Neilsville Wis 1911-18. Wisness, Arthur M Hickson N. D 1910-14. 1911-1912 Alfsen, Arthur Edwin Manitowoc Wis 1911-15 . *Baalson, Elmer A Brooten Minn. ..1911-15. Baalson, George A Brooten Minn. . . 1911-15 . Bakke, William Arthur Gibbon Minn. . .1911-13. Ballestad, Adolph Theodore.. Walcott N. D.. . .1911-13. Bergan, Knute W Sacred Heart Minn. . . 1911-15. *Bly (Bleie), Henry Severin (Severt) Colton S. D 1911-17. Borreson, Arthur Edwin VictorStoughton Wis 1911-14. Brandt, Walther I Macfarland Wis 1911-15. Dahl, Hilbert Stephen Cottonwood Minn ...1911-13. Edwards, Thomas D Callender la 1911-12. Elvehjem, Oswald M Macfarland Wis 1911-15 . Erickson, Albert Whitehall Wis 1911-15. Erickson, John Monroe River Falls Wis 1911-14. *Evans, Leif Erling Westby Wis 1911-17. Evanson, Carl J Portland N. D.. . .1911-12. Evanson, Chellis N Decorah la 1911-18. Fjelstul, Henry J Ridgeway la 1911-13 , Flatland, Ole Albert Ridgeway la 1911-13. .1911-15. .1911-13, 1921- . .1911-14. .1911-17. ,1911-14. .1911-14. .1911-15. .1911-13. , 1917 , 1915 , 1914 , 1916 , 1914 , 1918 , 1918 , 1914 A. B., 1915 A. B., 1915 A. B., 1915 A. B., 1915 A. B., 1915 A. B., 1915 A. B., 1917 !a. B., i918 1914-15, Forde, Ralph Sigurd Starbuck Minn . Hallan, Elmer Leander Spring Grove Minn . Halvorson, Alfred Oscar Brandt S. D. . *Hansen, Harold Chicago 111. . . . Haroldson, Carl Abner Davis Ill . . . Harstad, Oliver Bernhard .... Parkland Wash , Hauan, John Marcus Mayville N. D. Haugen, Elmer A Pelican Rapids Minn . Hegg, Joseph Gerhard Decorah la 1911-14 Helvig, Abel J Roland la 1911-17 *Hoff, Pernell Belford Norse . .Texas. . . 1911-15 Holkesvik, Orlando Alexander. Decorah la 1911-13 Hove. Walter G Flandreau S. D 1911-13 Jacobson, Theodore G Waterville la 1911-12, 1913-15 *Jenson, Canute Thorvald Cranfill's Gap Texas. . . 1911-14 Jorgenson, Eugene Ferdinand . Bode la 1911-17 Kinseth, Floyd Leshe Bode la 1911-15 *Kraabel, Alf McKinley Clifford N. D... .1911-17 Lee, Carl Alfonso Bellingham Wash. . . 1911-12 *Lee, Clarence Louis St. Paul Minn. . .1911-17 Lee, Hans Cambridge la 1911-15 Lewis, Raymond Macfarland Wis 1911-12 Loberg, Jesse Dewey Nelsonville Wis 1911-15 Lokensgaard, Herbert O Hanley Falls Minn. . . 1911-15 Lysne, Henry Oliver Amherst Jet Wis 1911-15 *Mithun, Odd Johan Glenwood Minn. . .1911-15 Moen, Gerald Berthold Waukon la 1911-12 Nelson, Charles Edward Fergus Falls Minn. . . 1911-12 Nilson, Martin Jul Litchfield Neb 1911-17 *Nordby, Herman Preus Lee Ill 1911-14 Ofstedahl, John Walter F Wis 1911-12 Olson, Levi Thor la 1911-13 Opsahl, Hubert Theophile. . . .Decorah la 1911-13 1919- Ormseth, Eddie Christian Farwell Minn. . .1911-14 Peterson, Axel Glen Rutland la 1911-15 Peterson, Edwin W Astoria S. D 1911-12 Ramberg, Freeman E Whitehall Wis 1911-12 Ramberg, Otto Kenneth Calmar la 1911-12 A. B., 1917 !a. B., 1914 A. B., 1915 .A. B., 1917 A. B., 1917 !a. B., 1917 A. B., 1915 A. B., 1915 A. B., 1915 A. B., 1915 , 1915-17, 22 A. B., 1922 , 1915-16 1913-16.. A. B., 1916 ATTENDANCE 247 Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation Rholl, Lewis Fertile la . . . *Rohne. John Magnus Cranfill's Gap Texas ♦Romness, Henry R Belgrade Minn Ronnei, Herman Leonard Starbuck Minn Rood, Paul Gerhard Waukon la . . . Rorge, Selmer Conrad Stoughton Wis. . Rosby, Thorvald Farwell Minn *Rosenqvist, Rolf Baldwin Wis. . Rotto, Martin Arthur Farwell Minn *Rotto, Theodore Imar Farwell Minn Sanden, Austin Fertile la. . . Seebach, Carl Henry Red Wing Minn Siqueland, Harald Chicago 111. . . Svenningsen (Swenumson) Thos. Nikolai Lawler la . . . Thorgrimsen, Gudmund G. C. J Grand Forks N. D. Tingelstad, Edvin Silverton. '. Ore. . *Topness, Sibert M Lanesboro Minn Ylvisaker, Herman L Mayville N. D. 1912-1913 Amble, John Lawler la Anderson, Leonard Waterville la Arneson, Arthur H Chicago Ill Askegaard, Arthur C Comstock Minn . . Askegaard, Arthur D Comstock Minn . . Buslee, Clarence Irving Balfour N. D. . . eleven, Isak Arkdale Wis. . . . Dehli, Palmer O Harper's Ferry la Dohlen, Hjalmar Olaus Morris Minn . . Ellison, William Johan Minot N. D. . . Faltinson, Gilbert Marengo la Fauchald, Melvin Minot N. D. . . Findahl, Norman Th Vermilion S. D. , . Flom, Theodore A Gary Minn . . Gaard, Conrad Parkland Wash . . Halvorson, Nelius Ove Spring Grove Minn. . Hanson, Helmer A Bode la Haroldson, John R Davis Ill Helle, Ole Lake Mills la Hildahl, Norman Decorah la Hilleboe, Selmer Conrad Minot N. D. . . Hilleboe, Sigur Herbert Decorah la Hoel, Milnor Omar Canby Minn . . Jacobson, Irenus C Wittenberg Wis. Jargo, Rudolph Alexander. . . . Deerfield Wis. 1913-17. .A. B., 1917 A. B., 1915 . . A. B., 1916 1911-12. 1911-12, ,1911-15. .1911-16. .1911-12. .1911-13 .1911-13 .1911-16 A. B., 1916 .1911-13 .1911-17 A. B., 1917 .1911-14 .1911-15 A. B., 1915 .1911-20 A. B., 1920 .1911-14 1911-12, 1914-17. .A. B., 1917 .1911-17 A. B., 1917 .1911-15 A. B., 1915 ,1911-15 A. B., 1915 Johnson, Lester J South Amana la ... . Kloster, Elmer A Ossian la ... . Kvale, Paul Johann Orfordville Wis. . . Larsen, William O. . . .' Linn Grove la. . . . Larson, William John St. Paul Minn . Lee, Adrian Isaac Dexter Minn . Lee, Morton A Stoughton Wis... Lee, Orlando Theobald Newhouse Minn. *Leque, Nils Magnus Bellingham Wash. Lien, Jacob Aall Ottesen Portland N. D.. Linde, Johan Nasset Cambridge Wis . . . Linde, John Theodore Plaza N. D.. Lunde, Alert Johannes Hills Minn . Lunde, Herman A. P Hills Minn . *Maakestad, John Walter Bernhard Sutton's Bay Mich.. . .1912- Mikkelson, Carl Francis Arkdale Wis 1912- Miller, Fred La Crosse Wis 1912- Nelson, Earl S Mayville N. D 1912- Nelson, Martin Johan De Forest .Wis 1912- Olson, Nels Lake Mills la 1912- Opheim, Edwin F Bode la 1912- Ostlund, Oscar Martin Duncombe la 1912- Qualley, Orlando Warren Ridgeway la 1912- Rosheim, Knut Scarville la 1912- Rosholdt, Herman S Centergrove Minn . . . 1912- Scarvie, Stanley M Decorah la 1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- 1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- .1912- 13 13 20 16 15 15, 1916-17. 13 13 16 13 13 13 16 16 13 A. B., 1920 A. B.. 1916 A. B., 1915 A. B., 1916 16, 1917-21. .A. B., 1921 14 15 14 13 A. B., 1916 A. B., 1917 13, 1914-17. .A. B. 13 15 17 13 17. . . . 16. . . . 17. . . . 15, 1916-18 17 18. 1921 A. B 18 A. B A. B., 1916 A. B., 1917 1918 1918 A. B., 1915 16, 1918 13 16 A. 13 B. 1916 13 14 18, 1918 A. 13 B. 1918 13 A. 16, 1917-18... . B. 1913 248 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation Solberg, Carsten Portland N. D. Sperati, Olaf Angelo Decorah la . . . ♦Thompson, Oscar C Lake Mills la . . . Torgerson, Thorvald John .... Boston Mass. Trytten, Merriam H Albert Lea Minn Twito, Helmer Scarville la . . . *Ulvilden, George Sioux Falls S. D. Vangsnes, Olav Colton S. D . *YIvisaker, Johan Fritjof Zumbrota Minn 191.3-1914 Aaberg, Joseph Parkland Wash . *Amundson, Alfred Heglund. . Georgeville Minn. *Anders?n, Andrew Peter .... Ritland la ... . Anderson, Andy Balfour N. D., Anderson, Elvin Walter Hills Minn . Clave, James Elmer Ottosen la ... . Clave, Ole Leonard Ottosen la ... . 1912-13 1912-16 1912-14 1912-17 1912-16 A. B., 1916 .1912-16 A. B.. 1916 .1912-16 A. B., 1916 .1912-13 .1912-16 A. B., 1916 .191,3-17 A. B., 1917 .1913-17 A. B., 1917 ,1913-17 A. B., 1917 .1913-14 .1913-17, 1919-21 .1913-14 .1913-14 FACULTY AND STUDENTS AT LUTHER COLLEGE, 1915 1918-22. .A. B., 1922 A. B., 1916 Christensen, Adam H La Crosse Wis 1913-15 Dahl, Ingvald Arnold Gayville S. D 1913-14, 1915-17 Dolven, Oswald E Morris Minn. . .1913-14 Fadness, Noel Grant Poynette Wis 1913-17 Fjeldstad, Gustav A Wells Minn . .. 1913-16 Fossum, Henry Spring Grove Minn . . . 1913-14 Gauper, Harold A De Soto Wis 1913-16 Gulbrandson, Fremont Albert Lea Minn ... 1913-14 Hanson, Abel Oliver Meridian Texas. . .1913-17 A Hanson, William Michigan N. D. ... 1913 Hegg, Ferdinand Decorah la 1913-14 Jacobson, Milton A Luverne Minn. . . 1913-15 Jetson, John Maurice Spring Grove Minn . Johnson, Bernhard A Spring Grove Minn . Johnson, Frantz William New York N. Y. . Johnson, John Alfred St. Paul Minn . Johnson, Oscar Leslie West Salem Wis 1913-17 Jordahl, Harald Conrad Ridgeway la 1913-16, 1917-20.. A. B Jorgenson, Alph Lorentz Montevideo Minn. . .1913-17 Kiland, Edwin F Willmar Minn . . . 1913-17 Knutson, Walter M Willmar Minn. . .1913-17 Landswerk, Eddie Cresco la 1913-14 Losen, Alfred Ryalen Decorah la 1913-15 Losen, Carl Arthur Locust . la 1913-14 Lovik, Louis Thorval Scarville la 1913-17 .1913-17. .1913-19. .1913-16. .1913-16. A. B., 1919 A. B., 1917 1920 A. B.. 1917 A. B., 1917 1918. . . 1915-16. ATTENDANCE 249 Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation A. B., 1917 *Moe, Sigurd Melvin Montevideo Minn . . . 1913-17 . . . Nelson, G. Palmer Meridian Wis 1913-16. . . Nelson, Ole Alfred Hartland Minn. . .1913-17. . . Olsen, Arthur Callender la 1913-14 . . . Olsen, Thorbjorn Erling Chicago Ill 1913-14. . . Olson, Tharlie Oliver Litchfield Minn. . .1913-17. . Opheim, Henry Hills Minn . . . 1913-15 . . . Opstedahl, Edward Ridgeway la 1913-14 Ottersen, Hjalmar Rudolph. . .West Salem Wis 1913-15 Preus, (Ove) Jacob Hjort Minneapolis Minn. . .1913-17 A. B., 1917 *Reinertson, Tobias Christian. .Hazard Neb. . . .1913-17 . . Rossing, Torstein Harald Decorah la 1913-20 Rynning, Lars Edgar Tacoma Wash. . .1913-16 Sampson, Benjamin Oliver. , . Elbow Lake Minn. . .1913-16 Sampson, Samuel Clifton Elbow Lake Minn . . . 1913-15 ... : . . . Scarvie, Walter Bernard Decorah la 1913-20 Sihler, Ernest George Wm .... Decorah la 1913-21 Sollien, Johannes Spring Grove Minn. . .1913-16, 1917-18 Stenstrand, Alfred Clermont la 1913-14 Stoen, Charles Gifford Locust la 1913-16, 1917-22. .A. B., 1922 *Strandjord, Selmer HaagensonBelview Minn . . . 1913-14 .A. B., 1917 A. B., 1917 A. B., 1920 A. B., 1920 A. B., 1921 FACULTY AND STUDENTS AT LUTHER COLLEGE, li»i.^ Talle, Henry Oscar Albert Lea Minn Thompson, Edson Jennings. . . Kentwood La... *Tolo, Gudvin Walther Belgrade Minn Wierson, Andrew Theodore . . . Roland la . . . *Ylvisaker, Carl Berthold St. Paul Minn 1914-1915 .1913-17. 1913-16. .1913-17. ,1913-18. .1913-17. .A. B., 1917 .A. B. .A. B., A. B., 1917 1918 1917 Albertson, Levi Leland la ... . Anderson, Carl Austin Colton S. D . . Arvesen, Alfred N St. Olaf la ... . Bronstad, Alvin L Clifton Texas . Brunsdale, Karl Henry Portland N. D. . Christopherson, Fred Toronto S. D. . Clauson, Herman N Colton S. D . . Clauson, Olaf L Colton S. D . . EUertsen, Bernt John Hayward Minn . Ferestad, Arthur O East Grand Forks. .Minn. Fjelstul, Clarence Ridgeway la. . . . Granner, Walter A Toronto S. D . . Hamre, Adolph Johan Granite Falls Minn . Henryson, Ernest Jewel Story City la ... . .1914-17 .1914-15, 1918-22. .A. B., 1922 .1914-18 .1914-17, 1919 A. B., 1919 .1914-17 .1914-15 .1914-16 .1914-16, 1919-20, 1921- .1914-15 ,1914-15 .1914-18, 1919- .1914-15 .1914-15 .1914-16 250 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Hovden, Edward Selmer Decorah la 1914- Hove, Oliver Malven Albert Lea Minn . . . 1914-15 Jacobson, Paul Benjamin Decorah la 1915-22 A. B., 1922 Kvammen, Elmer John Decorah la 1914-15, 1917-22. .A. B., 1922 Larson, Ulrik Laurentius Lake Park Minn . . . 1914-15 Lee, Gisle John Thompson la 1914-16, 1919-21. .A. B., 1918 Lee, Peter Joseph Elbow Lake Minn. . .1914-18 A. B., 1921 Lee, Ruben H. W Northwood la 1914-15 Lerdal, Joseph Sherman S. D. . . . 1914-17 Linn, Benj. Harrison Hope N. D.. .. 1914-15 Miller, Carl Juel Elma la 1914-17. Nelson, Martin Postville la 1914-15 Nelson, Olaf Gayville S. D 1914-18 A. B., 1918 Nyhus, Bernt T Portland N. D.. . .1914-15 Olafson, Otto Adolph West Duluth Minn . . . 1914-15 Peterson, Arthur H Astoria S. D. . . .1914-15 Ravndal, Christian Magelssen. Constantinople Turkey.. 1914-20 A. B., 1920 Reque, Paul Siegfried Morrisonville Wis 1914-17, 1918-22.. A. B., 1922 Rickansrud, Torleif M Waukon la 1914-22 A. B., 1922 Sand, Nanfred Johannes Ossian la 1914-17 Sorlien, Arne Reidar Bode .la 1914-21 A. B., 1921 Sorlien, Leon Cornelius Bode la 1914-21 A. B., 1921 Sorlien, S. Olvin Bode la 1914-22 A. B., 1922 Stalland, Knute D St. Paul Minn. . .1914-18 A. B., 1918 Stenehjem, John Selmer Spring Grove Minn ... 1914-15 Storla. Alfred Sevat Decorah la 1914-16 *Stormo, Carl Alfred Philip S. D 1914-18 A. B.. 1918 Tangen, Otto Ossian la 1914-15 Tangen, Peder C Ossian la 1914-15 Tenold, Alvin Lorenzo Northwood la 1914-15 Thorsen, Olaf Herman Rochester Minn. . .1914-18 A. B.. 1918 Tolo, Arthur Johann Belgrade Minn . . . 1914-18 A. B., 1918 Wennes, Nels O Spring Grove Minn . . . 1914-15 1915-1916 Aamodt, Otis Marvin Spring Valley Wis 1915-19 A. B., 1919 Aanas, Sam Edwin Ossian la 1915-17, 1918 Abbey, Aaron LeGrande Decorah la 1915- Anderson, Myron Henry Highlandville la 1915- Arntzen, Edward Jargo Parkland Wash. . .1915-16 Arvesen. Henry William St. Olaf la 1915-16 Bakke, Milo Barnard Decorah la 1915-19 Bakke, Vernon Lorenzo Decorah la 1915-17 Berg, Arthur Hilmen Albert Lea Minn. . .1915-17 Bergum, Arthur Edwin Rio Wis 1915-17, 1919-21.. A. B., 1921 Berven, George Oscar Baltic S. D 1915-16 Brandt, Christian Frederick.. St. Paul Minn. . .1915-16 Bunde, Lawrence Theo Hartford S. D. . . . 1915-17 Buslee, Lamberc Justine Balfour N. D.. .. 1915-16 Edwards, Oliver Johnson Madison Wis 1915 Eggebraaten, Hans Martinus. . Wentworth S. D. . . . 1915-17 Estrem, William Thorpe Willmar Minn. . .1915-16 Fadness, Crystal Ernest Rio Wis 1915-16 Grevstad, Arne Nicolay Deerfield Wis 1915-16 Harstad, Ingvald T Parkland Wash. . .1915-16 Ingebretson, Adolf Henrik. . . West De Pere Wis 1915-17, 1919- Jacobson, Isidor Wittenberg Wis 1915-16, 1918-19, 1920-21 Johnson, Joseph Severin Waukon la 1915-16 Jordahl, Verner Trygve Ridgeway la 1915-22 A. B., 1922 Jorgenson, Victor G Bode la 1915-21 A. B., 1921 Kaupanger, Olin Leonard Stoughton Wis 1915-18,1919-20. .A. B., 1920 Knutson, Otto Wm Radcliffe la 1915-16 Kvale, Ingolf Theodore Orfordville Wis 1915-17 Larsen, ErUng Noer Colfax Wis 1915-22 A. B., 1922 Lee, Nels Christol Deerfield Wis 1915-17 Lillehaug, Julius Woonsocket S. D 1915-18 Livdahl, Vernon Bismarck N. D 1915-16 Melaas, Ira Joseph Cresco la 1915-19 A. B., 1919 Monson, Orville Sigurd Portland N. D.... 1915-19 A. B., 1919 Nelson, Allen Edmer Clifton Texas. . .1915-19 A. B., 1919 Nelson, Carrol Palmer Clifton Texas. . .1915-18 Odden, Arthur Clifford Lake Mills la 1915-16 Olson, Clayton Melbourne Bode la 1915-21 A. B., 1921 Opstedahl, Clarence P. K Graettinger la 1915-16 Parsons, Edward Harold Valley Neb 1915-17, 1920-21.. A. B., 1921 ATTENDANCE 251 Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Pederson, Wilbert Enormal . . . Morrisonville Wis 1915-17 Penewell, Stanley Wm. Oliver. Madison Wis 1915-16, 1917-18 Peterson, Harold Rudolf Starbuck Minn. . .1915-17 Peterson, Herman Ernest Hayfield Minn. . . 1915-16 Peterson, Melvin Leonard .... West Union la 1915-18 Peterson, Thomas Hoffland. . .Mose N. D 1915-18 Rachie, Oscar Knutson Belview Minn . . . 1915-16 Ravndal, Eric Constantinople Turkey.. 1915-17, 1921- Ravndal, Olaf Constantinople Turkey.. 1915-20 A. B., 1920 Romness, Julius Belgrade Minn. . . 1915-17 Schjeldahl, Arthur Oliver Highlandville la 1915 Severson, Marcus Henry Stoughton Wis 1915-16 Shefloe, Reuben Eugene Hoffman Minn. . .1915-16 Strom, Carl Walther Watson Minn. . .1915-19 A. B., 1919 Tallakson, Harold Arthur Willmar Minn. . .1915-17 Thompson, Eddie Thorvald P.Colton S. D 1915-17 Thompson, Maurice Alfred. . .Albert Lea Minn. . .1915-19 A. B., 1919 Tollefsrud, Merwin Byron Orfordville Wis 1915-18 A. B., 1918 Vaaler, Torvald Twin Valley Minn. . .1915-19 A. B.. 1919 Vig, Edward Enoch Belgrade Minn . . . 1915 1916-1917 Brakke, Grant Meloy Kasson Minn. . . 1916-20 Chandler, Fred Augustus Decorah la 1916-17 Dolen, Nels Bjorn Leland la 1916-20 A. B., 1920 Ellingson, Abel Rudolph Northwood la 1916-20 A. B., 1920 Fosmark, Nelvin Bernhard . . . Morrisonville Wis 1916-20 ♦Gordon, Henry Truman Thompson la 1917 Hall, Clarence Gunvald Carpio N. D... .1916-20 Hallum, Augustus Fossum. . . . Redwood Falls Minn . . . 1916-17 Jensen, Jesse Justin Cranfills' Gap Texas. . . 1916-18 Juve, Emil Garfield Larsen Wis 1916-17 Kulaas, Harold Minot N. D.. . .1916- Larsen, Myron Wilbur Whalan Minn. . .1916-19, 1919-20.. A. B., 1919 Larson, Elmer Robert Wausau Wis 1916-20 A. B., 1920 Maakestad, Hans Jacob H. . . .Sutton's Bay Mich 1916-17 Malmin, Gunnar Johannes. . . . Decorah la 1916— Malmin, Olaf Gabriel Decorah la 1916-21 A. B.. 1921 Nash, Albert Waukon la 1916-17 Nasby, Donald Asher Bode la 1916-17 Nelson, Sivert A Gayville S. D 1916-17 Olson, Walter Andrew Decorah la 1916- Opsahl, Alert Mathias Decorah la 1916- Peterson, Hamlet Edwin Scarville la 1916-17, 1919-22. .A. B., 1922 Reque, Ulrik Hjalmar Morrisonville Wis 1916-17, 1920- Savre, Harold Kaspar Decorah la 1916-18, 1920- Scarvie, Norman George Decorah la 1916-18 Sheel, John Fredrick Karl. . . . Decorah la 1916- Solum, Arthur Konrad Story City la 1916-17 Sorenson, Arnold Clearance. . .Decorah la 1916-17, 1918-20 Sorenson, Morris Alvin Clifton Texas.. .1916-20 A. B., 1920 Sperati, Carlo Vittorio Decorah la 1916-17, 1919- Strand, Ahlert Koren St. Peter Minn. . .1916-17 Swensen, Alf Waldemar Decorah la 1916-20 * A. B., 1920 Trytten, Gilbert Norman Albert Lea Minn. . .1916-20 A. B., 1920 Unseth, Malcolm Wulff Chicago Ill 1916-20 A. B., 1920 Westrem, Clarence Bendik. . . . Glenville Minn . . . 1916-18 1917-1918 Abrahamson, Paul Walter. . . . Lanesboro Minn. . .1917-18 Beito, Gynther Rudolph Terrace Minn. . .1917-21 Blegen, Clifford Randolph. . . . Ryegate Mont. . .1917-18 Brandvold, Aron John Rembrandt la 1917 Eddaen, Bernet Syvers Mauston Wis 1917-21 A. B., 1921 Eid, Elmer Sander Wing N. D... .1917-21 A. B., 1921 Gandrud, Sam. Garfield Kerkhoven Minn. . .1917-18 Gjerset, Walter Kveldulv Decorah la 1917-19 Gjerset, Wendell Beethoven . . . Fergus Falls Minn ...1917 Gronlid, Isaac Rudolph Waterville la 1917-20 A. B., 1920 Hagen, Grant Marcus Waterville la 1917-18, 1919- Haraldson, Henry Lloyd Rembrandt la 1917-18 Haugelund, E. Johan Stromme.Christiania Norway. 1917-18 Hegg, Ralph Norman Decorah la 1917-19 Hermundstad, Emil Bricelyn Minn. . .1917-21 A. B., 1921 252 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Iverson, Justin Clarence Ridgeway la 1917- Losen, George Sexton Decorah la 1917- Lund, John Arthur Harmony Minn. . .1917-18 Lyng, John Frederick Chilson. Minneapolis Minn. . .1917-21 Maakestad, Norvald GjermundSutton's Bay Mich.. . . 1917-21 A. B., 1921 Martinson, Oscar Melvin Decorah la 1917-18 Megorden, Tennis Herbert Waterville la 1917-20 A. B., 1920 Nerison, A. Gudmund Norman. Hills Minn. . .1917- Oefstedal, Rudolph Chicago Ill 1917-21 A. B., 1921 Olsen, Henry Erling Manistique Mich.. . . 1917-18 Osland, Herbert Berger Chicago Ill 1917-19, 1920-21 Petersen, Walter John Manistique Mich.. . . 1917-18 Qualley, Lawrence Edwin Ridgeway la 1917- Ramsey, Elling Eugene Decorah la 1917-20, 1921- Rindahl, Opie Selmer Ada Minn. . .1917-21 A. B., 1921 Seehuus, George Knute Decorah la 1917-21 Sevatson, William Waukon la 1917- Siefken, Carl Hobart Rembrandt la 1917- Siefken, Daymond Julius Rembrandt la 1917-18, 1921- Skiveness, Albert O Evanston Ill 1917-18 Sterud, Daniel Hilarius Volga S. D 1917-18 Sterud, Ole Martin Volga S. D. . . .1917-18 Storvick, Alfred Otto Albert Lea Minn. . .1917-21 A. B., 1921 Storvick, Roy Orlando Albert Lea Minn. . .1917-21 A. B., 1921 Tollefsrud, Edwin Oswald .... Orfordville Wis 1917-22 A. B., 1922 Tolo, Harald Michael Locust la 1917-21 A. B., 1921 Wagley, Carl Sylvester Orfordville Wis 1917-19 Walhus, Maurice Mabel Minn . . . 1917-18 Westby, James Martin Peterson Minn. . .1917-18, 1920- Ylvisaker, Johannes Wilhelm..St. Paul Minn. . .1917-21 A. B., 1921 Ylvisaker, Ragnvald Sophus. .St Paul Minn. . .1917-20 A. B., 1920 Ylvisaker, Walther Olaf Fergus Falls Minn. . .1917-22 A. B., 1922 1918-1919 Anderson, Elvin Odin Viroqua Wis 1918 Anderson, Ernest Rocksvold . . Inwood la 1918-20, 1921- Anderson, George Orlando. . . . Inwood la 1918-19 Anderson, Oliver Everett Durand Ill 1918 Anfinson, Clarence Ossian la 1918 Baalson, Arthur Gustavus .... Brooten Minn ... 1918-22 A. B., 1922 Bagley, Irving Orville Spring Grove Minn. . .1919-20 Bakkerud, Alfred Ingvald .... Newman Grove .... Neb .... 1918 Bakkerud, Carl Melvin Newman Grove. . . .Neb. . . .1918 Boleng, Milton Garfield Arcadia Wis 1918 Borgen, Emil Lawrence Landa N. D. . . . 1918 Borgen, John Emil Sioux Falls S. D 1918- Bottolfson, Edwin Olia Starkweather N. D.. . .1918-22 A. B., 1922 Boyd, Donald Irvin Wendell Minn. . .1918-20 Bungum, Norman Gustav .... Hayfield Minn. . . 1918 Busness, Clarence Melvin Waterville la 1918 Busness, Holger Tohn Waterville la 1918 Cahill, Rufus William Ossian la 1918 Christensen, Martin Clifton Texas. . .1918 Christianson, Donald Martin. .Carpio N. D.. . . 1918 Christiansen, LeonardTheodore Vermilion S. D . . . . 1918-19 Clauson, William Gerhard. . . Spring Grove Minn. . .1919-21 Dahl, John Rudolph Albert Lea Minn. . .1918-22 A. B., 1922 Daley, Knudt Sherman De Forest Wis 1918-22 A. B., 1922 Daley, Sidney Eugene De Forest Wis 1918-20, 1921- Danielson, Elmer Lynxville Wis 1918 Darrington, Willard Joseph . . . Hesper la 1918 Davidson, Philip Harris Viroqua Wis 1918 Eimon, Paul Kruger H Osseo Wis 1918-20 Elder, Howard Ferdinand Calmar la 1918 ■. . . Ellickson, Peter Gilbert Decorah la 1918 Ellingson, Herman Edwin .... Ridgeway la 1918- Elvestrom, Victor A Bricelyn Minn. . .1918-22 A. B., 1922 Erickson, Alexander Herbert . . Morrisonville Wis 1918- Erickson, Clarence Robert .... Whalan Minn ...1918 Evenrud, Carl Canton Minn. . .1918 Evenrud, Christian Canton Minn. . . 1918 Flatin, Finley Orlando Spring Grove Minn . . . 1918 Flikki, George Urdahl Le Roy Minn ... 1918 Forsstrom, Adolph Martin.. . .Hemingford Neb. . . .1918-19 ATTENDANCE 253 Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Fosmark, Christian Johannes. . Morrisonville Wis 1918- Foss, Ephriam Alexander Spring Grove Minn. . . 1918 Gilbert, Harold Lovell Ossian la 1918 Gilbertson, Oscar Helmer Clermont la 1918-21 Grevstad, ErHng Carolus B. . . Deerfield Wis 1918-22 A. B., 1922 Gubrud, Milliard J Spring Grove Minn ... 1918 Gutru, Ronald I Newman Grove .... Neb ....1918 Hallan, James Othelo Spring Grove Minn. . .1918 Halverson, Elmer Julius Thompson la 1918 Halvorson, Victor Diedrich. , . Rockdale Wis 1918-21 Hammervold, Lenard M Harmony Minn . . . 1919-21 Hanssen, Sidney Nicholie West Union la 1918 Haugen, Sverre Rasin Livingston Mont . . . 1918 Helgerson, Oliver O Soldiers Grove Wis 1918 Helgeson, Harold Adolph Ferryville Wis 1918-20 Heskin, Oscar Edward Portland N. D. . . . 1918-22 A. B., 1922 Hjermstad, Carl Fritjof, Jr.. .Red Wing Minn. . .1918-20 Hoel, Bjarne lola Wis 1918 Hoel, Walter Monroe Norse Texas. . .1918 Holm, Ephriam Augustine. . . . Eagle Grove la 1918-20 Holtan, Sigurd Harold Stoughton Wis 1918 Hovden, Clarencis Gustin .... Decorah la 1918- Hovden, Kenneth Norman. . . .Decorah la 1918 Hundy, George Sherman Decorah la 1918 Jacobson, Loren Noel Minneapolis Minn . . . 1918-19 Jenson, Martin Andrew Albert Lea Minn. .. 1918-19 Jenson, Sylvester Palmer CranfiU's Gap Texas. . . 1918 Jetson, Clarence Bennett Spring Grove Minn ...1918 Johnson, Arthur Lynxville Wis 1918 Johnson, Clarence Ernest Ossian la 1918-20 Johnson, Harold Edward Spring Grove Minn . . . 1918- Johnsrud, Oliver Neljus Spring Grove Minn . . . 1918 Jordahl, Nels Ylvisaker Ridgeway la 1918- Jorgenson, Einar J Decorah la 1918-22 A. B., 1922 Kinseth, Wilford John Bode la 1918-20 Kirchhof, Edgar Herbert Thor la 1918 Kittelson, Charles Clifford Clermont la 1918-20 Knudson, Connely Cornelius. .Cranfills' Gap Texas. . . 1918 Knutson, Selmer Alfred Adams Minn ... 1918 Kraabel, Maynard Orvis Clifford N. D. . . . 1918-22 A. B., 1922 Lansrud, Vernon Alexander. . . Kensett la 1918 Larsen, Harold Lawrence Decorah la 1918 Larson, Emil Norton Spring Grove Minn . . . 1918-20 Lien, Erling Waldemar Nasseth Portland N. D.... 1918-21 A. B., 1921 Lien, John Laurence Postville la 1918 Linde, Aimer Olaus De Forest Wis 1918 Lothe, Irwin Eugene Sun Prairie Wis 1918-19 Lundgren, Oscar Eric Wm. . . . Clear Lake la 1918 Lynne, Victor Arnold Elbow Lake Minn ... 1918 Mandt, Matthew Cornelius. . .Sun Prairie Wis 1918 Moe, John Melvin Glenwood Minn. . .1918-22 A. B., 1922 Myrah, Carl Theodore Decorah la 1918-20 Myrah, Norton E Spring Grove Minn . . . 1918 Nelson, Bendolph Melvin Waterville la 1918 Odden, Albert Theodore Decorah la 1918-20 Ode, Paul Gerhardt Calmar la 1918-21 Olson, Malcolm Hartwick Ray N. D.. . . 1918-22 A. B., 1922 Olson, Odin Thorvald Mountain Wis 1918 Ostenson, Lloyd Austin Decorah la 1918 Otte, Carl Nils Heinrich Hlabisa Zululandl918- Otte, Johannes Nicolai Hlabisa Zululandl918- Ottesen, Otto Sampson Rio Wis 1918-21 Oyloe, Glen Edward Ossian la 1918 Paulson, Alvin Maxwell Portland N. D 1918- Peterson, Ordin Engebret Decorah la 1918-19 Pflug, Elmer Fredrick Chicago Ill 1918 Pierson, Oris Emerald Norse Texas. . .1918-20 Quiel, Gustav JuHus Decorah la 1918-22 A. B., 1922 Ramberg, Rudolph Johannes. . West Prairie Wis 1918-20, 1921- Ramsey, Steven Whalan Minn. . .1918 Ranum, Martin Bernhard. . . .Starbuck Minn. . .1918-.. Reesing, Jim Ludwig Clifton Texas. . .1918 Roe, Theodore Clarence Le Roy Minn . . . 1918 Rognlie, Ingolf Herman M . . . . Franklin Minn . . . 1919-22 A. B., 1922 254 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Rohne, Chris. Ludvig Cranfill's Gap Texas. . . 1918-20 Rovang, Elmer John Fergus Falls Minn. . .1918-22 A. B., 1922 Rugland, Gerhard Theodore.. .Carpio N. D... .1918-22 A. B., 1922 Rugland, Sigvart Luther Carpio N. D.... 1918-22 A. B., 1922 Saetveit, Eilef Theodore Colfax Wis 1918-20 Scharberg, Edwin Oliver Hayfield Minn. . .1918 Shelwick, Jens Scarville la 1918 Smithling, Gustave Melvin.. . . Decorah la 1918-20 Skalet, Charles Hannord Ulen Minn. . .1918-19 A. B., 1919 Soland, Hans Norman Decorah la 1918- Solie, Rudolph Alfred Hayfield Minn. . .1918 Sorenson, Olaf Eugene Kennethlnwood la 1918-19 Sorenson, Vernon Silas B Inwood la 1918-19 Stavaas, Martin Orlando Fergus Falls Minn . . . 1918-22 A. B., 1922 Steen, Bennie Christopher .... Ortonville Minn ... 1918-19 Stensrud, Elmer Gerhard Lake Mills la 1918 Stortroen, Nobel Fergus Falls Minn. . .1918 Stromer, Anders Archibald De Forest Wis 1918 Swenson, Tom Melvin Thompson la 1918 Teslow, Raymond Lincoln .... Hayward Minn . . . 1918 Thorstad, John De Forest Wis 1918 Thorvilson, Luther Maurice. . . Minneapolis Minn . . . 1918 Tjugum, Raymond Ernest. . . Sun Prairie Wis 1918-19 Treangen, Bennie Olai Spring Grove Minn . . . 1918 Troen, Magnus Alvin Glenwood Minn . . . 1918 Wahlstrom, Carl Adolph Minneapolis Minn . . . 1918 Wall, Alfred Nordahl Holmen Wis 1918 Ward, Charles Edward Ossian. la 1918 Weiser, Horace Spengler Decorah la 1919 Weselmann, Ralph Otto Calmar la 1918 Ylvisaker, Paul Zumbrota Minn. . .1918-19, 1921- 1919-1920 Akre, Roland Ogden Strand. . . Hinsdale Mont . . . 1919- Anderson, Lawrence Howard. . Crary N. D.. . . 1919-21 . Anderson, Merle Kenneth .... Durand Ill 1919- Anderson, Spencer Clement. . . Ridgeway la 1919-21 Berg.sgaard, John Spring Grove Minn . . . 1919-20 Berge, Marvin Leslie Valders Wis 1919-21 Bidne, Martin Lawrence Highlandville la 1919- Bjerke, Theodore Dorchester la 1919-21 Brown. Elmer Alford Mabel Minn . . . 1919- Carlson, Fred Hjalmar Decorah la 1919- Coffeen, Hiram A Decorah la 1919-20 Eidbo, Oscar E Delavan Minn. . .1919 Endahl, Alfred Matthias Lane S. D 1919-20 Enga, Leonard Earl Ossian la 1919- Evenmoe, Leonard Amos Spring Grove Minn . . . 1919- Fadness, Nels Lewis Poynette Wis 1919-22 A. B., 1922 Hagen, Paul Isaac Amberg . . . Madison Wis 1919-20 Hawkos, Hubert Carroll Rio Wis 1919-21 Hille, John Herwegh O. D. . . Stavanger Norway. 1919-20 Himle, George Harald Ashby Minn. . .1919-20 Hoff, Hubert James Lawrence Wash. . . 1919-21 Holm, Aaron Benjamin Eagle Grove la 1919-22 Hook, Charles Ellis Bowman N. D... .1919-21 Hove, James Norman Hayward Minn . . . 1919-21 Indall, Harold Adolph R. ... . Ruthton Minn. . .1919-21 Ingvoldstad, Carsten Wi 1 lard. . Decorah la 1919- Iverson, Marvin Orlando Cresco la 1919-20, 1921 Jaastad, Lloyd Myron Decorah la 1919- Jetson, Ellsworth Mabel Minn. . .1919-20 Jetson, James Ernest Spring Grove Minn. . . 1919-21 Johnson, Arthur Franklin S. . . Decorah la 1919-20 Johnson, Emert Seneca Wis 1919 Johnson, Palmer Herbert Waunakee Wis 1919-21 Jorgenson, Alf William Decorah la 1919- Killie, Eilert Steven Clifford N. D... .1919- Korsrud, Walter William Decorah la 1919- Lauer, Clarence Louie Eldorado la 1919-20 Lawston, Willis Archibald Wolford N. D... .1919-21 Lee, Oliver Julien Dexter Minn . . . 1919-21 Levorson, Olaf Lorentz Irene S. D. . . . 1919- Lind, Joseph Oliver Postville la 1919-21 ATTENDANCE 255 Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation Sentinel Butte . . . . . Decorah . Elma Albert Lea . Decorah . Mayville , . . Mankato . Decorah . Sioux Falls . Poynette . Ridgeway . Forest City Decorah . Decorah St. Paul .Hatton . Spring Grove . Mabel . Leeds . Spring Grove . Hancock Stabo, Toten Clinton . Clinton . Crary . De Forest . Glenwood Bode . Rochester . Dorchester Starbuck . Wausau Albert Lea Clifford Clifford .Maskell Mt. Sterling Mt. Horeb . Roland . Decorah 1920-1921 . Highlandville . . La Crosse . Starbuck .Wendell . Cambridge . Madison . Kasson St. Paul . Colton .Appleton . Kasson .Colton .Albert Lea . Decorah . Decorah . Fertile . Decorah .Wendell .Wendell . Starbuck .Starbuck . Peterson Burr Oak . Sheyenne .Rio .Stanhope .Stanhope . Ridgeway . Morrisonville . Spring Grove . Mabel .Wendell N. D... .la .la . Minn. . .la N. D... . Minn . . la S. D... .Wis.... .la .la la la . Minn . . N. D... .Minn. . . Minn . . N. D... . Minn . . Minn . . . Norway . Minn. . . Minn. . N. D... Wis.... . Minn . . la . Minn. . . Minn . . . Minn . . Wis.... . Minn. . N. D... .N. D... . Neb . . . .Wis.... .Wis.... .la .la .la .Wis.... .Minn. . . Minn . . .la .Wis.... . Minn. . . Minn . . S. D. . . . Minn . . . Minn . . .S. D... . Minn. . .la .la . Minn . . la . Minn. . . Minn. . . Minn . . . Minn . . .Minn. . .la N. D... .Wis.... .la .la .la .Wis. . .. . Minn. . . Minn. . . Minn . . .1919 .1919-21 Moore, Robert W .1919-20 .1919-22 .1919-21 .A. B., 1922 Nelson, Karsten Olaf Nordgaard, Edgar N . 1919- .1919- .1919- Orwoll, Sylfest Peder .1919- .1919-21 Owen, Ernest Melvin Paulson, Arthur Christopher. . 1919- .1919-22 .1919-20 !a. B., 1922 Price, Charles Edward Reque, Sigvard Erling .1919-20 .1919- Schjeldahl, Robert Ingvald . . Scofield, Teddy R. . . .1919- .1919-20 .1919-20 . . .1919-20 Seines, Alfred James .1919-20 .... Solvie, Adolph Julian .1919- .1919-20 Stecn. Ernest Bennett Steen, Sigvart Julius Stevens, Don Albert Stromer, Philip Orlando Svenning, Walter Norman . . . .1919- .1919- .1919-20. ... .1919 . 1919- .1919-20 Sween, Milo Idolph .1919-21 Takle, Leonard Knut Talle, Herman Julius .1919-21 . 1919- 1919-20 Trytten, Edwin Gerhardt. . . . Turmo, Ulrik Andrew .1919- .1919- .1919-21 Tvedt, Carl Walther Walker, Harry Palmer Wick, Gunder Olaus .1919- .1919- .1919-20 Wierson, Leonard Irving. . . . Woldum, Grant Horace .1919- .1919- .1920-21 Anderson, Russell Ellsworth. 1920- . . Barsness, Olger Magnus. . .1920- Bergan, Clarence Alfred Birkestrand, Harold Ole S . . . . 1920- .1920-21. . . . Bosben, Eugene Ezra .1920-21 .... Brakke, Leander Bernhard. . Brandt, Rolf Didrik Brudvig, Nels Andreas Carl.son, Elmer Cornelius. . . . Christensen, CHfford Neal . . . Clauson, Melvin Joseph Dahl, Maurice Sanford Delaney, Roger Daniel Dotseth, Carl Duckstad, John Herman. . . . Eittreim, Alvin Kingsley. . . . . 1920- .1920- . 1920- .1920- .1920- .1920- . 1920- .1920- . 1920-21 . 1920- .1920- Ellingson, Edson Arnold Ellingson, Lourn Morgan. . . . Engebretson, Alfred JuUus. . .1920- .1920- .1920-21 Engebretson, Oscar Melvin . . Engrav, Walter Alfred . . .1920- .1920-21 .... Erickson, Silas Victor N Evensen, Carl Milo Fadness, Andrew C Fardal, Harold Eugean Fardal, Sigurd Julius Fjelstul, Casper Theodore . . . Fosmark, Sylvester S .1920-21 .1920- . 1920- .1920-21 .1920. . .- .1920- .1920- Foss, Ralph Norman .1920-21 Garne.ss, Oscar Grinder, Arthur Norman . . . . . 1920- .1920- 256 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Years at Student Post Office State Luther College Graduation Grinley, Burton Alexander Portland N. D... .1920-21 . Gunderson, John Gerhard M. . Mt. Horeb Wis 1920-21 . Haaland, Osuld Terriesen Bricelyn Minn . . . 1920- . . . Hansen, Joseph Theodore Canton S. D 1920-21 . Haslip, Leo Leaman Decorah la ..... . 1920- . . . Hasvold, Morris Flandreau S. D . . . . 1920- . . . Haugom, Eddie Wallace Portland N. D... .1920-. . . Hegg, Lester Raymond Harmony Minn . . . 1920- . . . Hellickson, Arnold Raymond.. Ostrander Minn. . .1920-21. Henriksen, George C, Jr Silverton Ore 1920- . . . Herum, Maurice S. H River Falls Wis 1920-21. Highby, Leo Ingeman Albert Lea Minn. . . 1920- . . . Hjelle, Albert Edward Decorah la 1920-. . . Hopperstad, Anbert Niels .... Calmar la 1920- . . . Hove, Einar Wulfsberg St. Pa<4 Minn. . .1920-. . . Hovey, Clarence John Decorah la 1920- . . . Hutchinson, Joseph Cyril Decorah la 1920- . . . Ingvoldstad, Lester Raymond. Decorah la .1920-. . . Jacobson, Thurlow R. A Wittenberg Wis 1920- . . . Jerdeman, Casper Marion . . . .Jewell la 1920- . . . Jewell, Charles Wallace Decorah la 1920-21 . Johnson, Alfred Lawrence .... Portland N. D . . . 1920- . . . Johnson, Ruben Oliver Park River N. D. . . . 1920- . . . Kjome, Norton Hamilton Decorah la 1920- . . . Knutson, Sever Raymond . . . .Albert Lea Minn . . . 1920- . . . Kvale, Theodore Alvin. Fall River Wis 1920-21 . Lambert, Joseph George La Crosse Wis 1920-21 . Lande, Milton Ole Galesburg N. D... .1920-. . . Landsverk, Ole Whalan Minn. . .1920-. . . Lucky, Carl E. L Tacoma Wash. . .1920-. . . Lund, Louis Vivian Farwell Minn . . . 1920- . . . Maakestad, Benj. Sjurolf Norge Va 1920- . . , Moackrud, Arthur B Galesburg N. D....1920 Moe, Valdorf Tjerold Decorah la 1920- . . , Mork, Arthur Oscar Dawson Minn . . . 1920- . . Narveson, Percival Spring Grove Minn . . . 1920-21 . Nelson, John Victor Clifford N. D. . . . 1920-21 . Nelson, Noel Elvin Brooten Minn . . . 1920- . . Norlie, Joseph Sigurd Decorah la 1920- . . Norlie, Kenneth Luther Decorah la 1920- . . Olson, Maxwell Julien Clear Lake la 1921-22 . Peterson, Clifford Philman. . . .Clifford N. D.. . . 1920- . . Peterson, Emil Edgar Decorah la 1920-21 . Peterson, Harvey Kenneth. . . .Decorah la 1920- . . Peterson, Herbert Crommett. .Decorah la 1920- . . Peterson, Myron Willard Spring Grove Minn. . .1920-21 . Preus, Christian Keyset, Jr . . . Calmar la 1920- . . Qualley, Albert Olaf Decorah la 1920- . . Quammen, Hilmen Nils Cyrus Minn . . . 1920- . . Reini, Gunleik Harold Denver Colo 1920-21. Rem, Oscar Milaca Minn . . . 1920- . . Reque, Peer Eugene Brooklyn N. Y 1920- . . Roe, Kelmer S. N Canton S. D 1920-. . Sandsmark, Lawrence Coon Valley Wis 1920-21 . Sandsmark, Moran Coon Valley Wis 1920-21 . Scharberg, Arthur Byron Minn. . .1920-21. Steen, Joseph Bernhard Ortonville Minn . . . 1920- . . Steffansrud, Thurman Orval . . Harmony Minn . . . 1920-21 . Stortroen, Marvil Dalton Minn . . . 1920- . . Strandjord, Edphil Nils Belview Minn . . . 1920- . . Strom, Oscar Jacobson Cleveland Ohio. . . . 1920- . . Thompson, Elmer Obert Decorah la 1920-21 . Tobiasen, Stanley Canton S. D 1920-21. Torrison, Orrin Thomas Decorah. la 1920- . . . Tveten, Tuko Darwin Detroit Minn. . .1920-. . . Walhus, Alfred Leander Dorchester la 1920-21 . Westgor, Osmond Gerald Manitowoc Wis 1920- . . . 1921-1922 Amland, Harold John St. Paul Minn ... 1921- . Arnevik, Thor Leland la 1921- . Astrup, Hjalmar Leonard N.. .Untunjambili, Natal. Africa. . . 1921- . Bakke. Ole Ernest Decorah la 1921-. ATTENDANCE 257 Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation . Decorah . Decorah .Ettrick . Greenville Center. . Decorah .Decorah .Detroit .Baltic . Ossian . Hankinson . Decorah .Valley City ■..Durand. . .-: . Nerstrand . DeForest . De Forest . Minneapolis . Franklin . Decorah .Brandt .Maddock . Minneapolis .Decorah . Bricelyn . Ridgeway . Franklin .CranfiU's Gap . Capron . Dane . Devils Lake . Fertile . Fertile .Decorah . Red Wing .Clifton . Fargo . Locust . Locust . Portland . Decorah . Decorah .Detroit . Albert Lea .Clifton .Wells .Mankato . Northwood . Decorah . Decorah . . Galveston .Sand Creek . Madison . Decorah .Thor . Decorah . River Falls . Maddock . Decorah .Albert Lea . Roland . Mankato . Stanley .Ectrick . Decorah . Decorah . Kensington .Waukon . Decorah .Hayfield . Elma . Decorah .Shevlin .Bagley .Decorah .Decorah ..la . . la . .Wis.... . .N. Y... ..la ..la . .Minn. . ..S. D.. . ..la . .N. D... ..la . .N. D... ..Ill , . Minn. . ..Wis.... . .Wis.... , . Minn . . .Minn. . , .la ..S. D... . .N. D... . . Minn . . .la .Minn. . .la . Minn. . , .Texas. . ..Ill .Wis.... .N. D... .Minn. . .Minn. . .la . Minn. . . Texas . . .N. D... .la ..la ..N. D... .la .la . .Minn. . .Minn. . .Texas. . . .Minn. . . Minn. . .la .la .la .Texas.. .Wis.... .Minn . . .la .la .la .Wis.... .N. D... .la . Minn. . .la .Minn. . .Wis.... .Wis.... .la .la . Minn. . .la .la .Minn. . .la .la .... . . Minn. . . Minn. . .la .la..... .1921- .1921- Bestul, Harald Brandt . . . . .1921- Beylegaard, Reidar George.. . .1921- .1921- ... . .1921- .1921- .1921- Collins, Harry John .1921- .1921- Cutcing, Carroll Elmer .1921- .1921 .1922- .1921- Engebretson, Manley Harlow Esse, John Colonel .1921- .1922- .1921- .1921- .1921- .1921- Haugen, Gerhard Benjamin. . .1921- . .1921- Hexom, Otto Lester Daniel .1921- Hoverson, Emil Theodore . . .1921- .1921- Jensen, Alfred Ferdinand . . . . Jenson, Martin Thomas .1922- .1921- Johnson, Armin Moldstad . . . .1921- ....... .1921- Johnson, Joseph Eli. . . . .1921- Jordahl, Olaf Melvin .1921- Jordahl, Oscar Alfred .1921- Jorgenson, Rudolph Claude. . .1921- Kaasa, Erling Sigfried Knudson, Jesse Pernell .1921- .1921- Kvale, Edward C . . .1921- .1921- .1921- . ... Lucken, Henrick Bernhard. . . Maas, Charles Allison .1921- .1921 - Melaas, Harry Eugene Nedberg, Carl J .1921- .1921- .... Nelson, George Oscar .1921- Nelson, Joel Edmund .1921- Nervig, Casper Bernard .1921- Nordgaard, Carl Hjalmar. . . . .1921- Nystuen, Walter Ode, Carsten Linnevold .1921- .1921- Oien, Paul Oberlin.. . .1922- Olsen, Olaf Bernhard M .1921- Olsen, Wilhelm Ferdinand . . . .1921 Olson, Edwin Marinius C. . . . .1921- Olson, Robert Bernhardt . . . . .1921- Opheim, Julius William Opsahl, Eugene Gerhard .1921- .1921- Ordal, Erling Joseph .1921- Orwoll, Oswald Christian. . . . .1921- Ostrem, Harold Manly .1921- Qvergaard, Raymond Oren. . .1921- Peterson, Jeffrey Arnold .1921- Peterson, George Raymond . . .1922- Reishus, Harald Tidemann.. . Rindahl, Willie Oscar .1921- .1921- Ronan, Leo Patrick .1921- Ronan, William Patrick .1921- Rotto, Isaac Melvin .1921- Ruen, Olger Cornelius .1921- Sampson, Harold Myron L . . Scharberg, Norman Rudolf . . .1921- .1921- .. . . Schultheiss, Lorenz Sheel, Sigurd Walter .1922- .1921- Sorensen, Arthur Waldemar. , .1921- Sorenson, Garfield Olaf Sperati, Sigvala Robert .1921- .1921- Stoskopf, Roger Orlando .1921- 258 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Student Post Office State Years at Luther College Graduation Syverson, LeRoy Elstrom. . . ,Brooten Minn. . .1921-. Thomas, George Franklin Decorah la 1921 . Thorgrimsen, Hans A. Stub.. .Grand Forks N. D.. . . 1921- . Topliff, Lyie Ray Decorah la 1921- , Torrison. John William Decorah la 1921- . Torrison, Osuld Romund Evanston Ill 1922- . Trytten, Olaf Benjamin Albert Lea Minn. . .1921-. Urberg, Konrad Morbeck Blair Wis 1921- . Walker, Emil Orin Mt. SterHng Wis 1921- . Wolding, Aaron Thomas Rosholt Wis 1921- . Woldum, Lester Howard Decorah la 1921- . TABLE OF NEW STUDENTS No. of Later Later No. of Later Later School New- Graduating Ordained School New Graduating Ordained Year Stu- Year Stu- — , — . — dents No. % No. % dents No. % No. % 1861-62 16 4 25.0 4 25.0 1891-92 79 9 11.4 7 8.9 1862-63 26 4 15.4 9 34.6 1892-93 63 11 17.5 8 12.7 1863-64 29 5 17.2 5 17.2 1893-94 59 19 32.2 13 22,0 1864-65 26 3 11.5 6 23.1 1894-95 59 12 20.3 11 18,6 1865-66 45 11 24.4 12 26.7 1895-96 81 28 34.6 15 18.5 1866-67 42 3 7.1 8 19.0 1896-97 52 18 34.6 14 26,9 1867-68 27 4 14.8 7 25.9 1897-98 55 10 18.2 4 7.3 1868-69 53 3 5.7 3 5.7 1898-99 60 19 31.7 8 13.3 1869-70 51 10 19.6 19 37.3 189^-00 66 25 37.9 14 21.2 1870-71 62 6 9.7 14 22.6 1900-01 72 20 27.8 7 9.7 1861-71 377 53 14.1 87 23.1 1891-01 646 171 26.5 101 15.6 1871-72 56 14 25.0 16 28.6 1901-02 61 26 42.6 6 9.8 1872-73 61 11 18.0 12 19.7 1902-03 62 20 32.3 13 21.0 1873-74 84 16 19.0 16 19.0 1903-04 60 19 31.7 9 15.0 1874-75 100 18 18.0 99 22.0 1904-05 71 21 29.6 14 19.7 1875-76 78 13 16.7 9 11.5 1905-06 62 20 32.3 13 21,0 1876-77 46 12 26.1 17 37.0 1906-07 45 21 46,7 6 13.3 1877-78 49 14 26.8 6 12.2 1907-08 62 16 25,8 7 11,3 1878-79 58 11 19.0 8 13.8 1908-09 58 21 36,2 8 13,8 1879-80 40 9 22,5 9 22.5 1909-10 51 19 37,3 8 15,7 1880-81 55 12 21.8 6 10.9 1910-11 58 24 41.4 9 IS. 5 . 1871-81 627 130 20.7 121 19.3 1901-11 590 207 35,1 93 15.8 1881-82 41 12 29.3 12 29.3 1911-12 75 31 41.3 15 20.0 1882-83 47 14 29.8 16 34.0 1912-13 60 20 33.3 (5) * 1883-84 73 10 13.7 13 17.8 1913-14 58 24 41.4 (7) 1884-85 42 12 28.6 15 35.7 1914-15 47 (17) * (I) * 1885-86 37 9 24.3 9 24.3 1915-16 60 (16) * (0) 1886-87 51 11 21.6 13 25.5 1916-17 35 (10) * (1) * 1887-88 32 5 15.6 2 6.2 1917-18 47 (15) * (0) HI 1888-89 47 12 25.5 11 23.4 1918-19 145 (19) * (0) 1889-90 54 11 20.4 12 22.2 1919-20 81 (3) * (0) * 1890-91 93 23 24.7 17 18.3 1920-21 99 (0) * (0) * 1881-91 517 119 23.0 120 23.2 1911-21 707 (155) * (29) * *Some of the students who first entered Luther College in 1912-13 have not yet completed their study of theology; the same is the case for the following years; it is thus too early to calculate the percentage of ordinations for these years. For a similar reason the percentage of graduates cannot yet be computed for the years after 1913-14. The members of the Senior Class of 1921-22 are counted as graduates in the above table. CHAPTER TWELVE ORGANIZATION L. A. MoE I. The Educational Setting 1. Denominational Colleges BROADLY speaking, there exist in the American education- al system of to-day three distinct types of the American college: the college that depends upon the church for support; the college that depends upon the state for support; and the college that depends upon the individual or the general commun- ity for support. The first type is the purely denominational col- lege. It represents the intimacy of the relation existing between religion and learning, a relation historic and vital. The second type is that of the state university. This type embodies the idea that the whole body of the people is concerned in the securing of a sufficient number of well trained citizens to insure the effici- ency and perpetuity of the state. The third type is the endowed, non-sectarian college, such as Columbia or Harvard, which stands for independence, a most precious condition for the promotion of scholarship and for the development of character. It is to the first of these types that Luther College belongs. The score or more of denominational colleges which exist in some western states were founded by the churches in the pioneer days as instruments for denominational upbuilding. The estab- lishment of state-supported and state-controlled universities in the commonwealths organized after the close of the eighteenth century by no means put an end to the establishment of colleges upon religious foundations. Denominational zeal was very strong in the decades preceding the Civil War, and the church was the center of community life in the newly settled regions. For long years the small sectarian colleges were the only schools with any pretense to advanced grade in the West, but with the passing of time and the current growing ever stronger against sectarianism, many of these small colleges were forced to close their doors. A few of the best types were able to adjust themselves to the new conditions, and this only by the most conservative policy, and the gathering of endowments. ORGANIZATION 261 WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN in Decorah (Dr. Larsen in the back- ground) Luther College was founded just as the feeling against denominational schools began to show itself. The contest was wide-spread and often exceedingly bitter, but Luther College remained aloof and took no part whatsoever in these perplex- ing debates. And it was well that it held aloof. A unified course of study with a narrow range of electives introduced in later years made it possible for the Col- lege to do its work thoroughly and well. Had the institution broadened its courses, introduced a wide range of electives, and thus popularized its offerings, there would have been danger of its elimination, even though for a time it might have presented a more imposing front. But Luther Col- lege never for a moment faltered in its purpose. Its conservatism has been its salvation. 2. The State System The establishment of a universal system of education was in- evitable. The advance of the Republic created a need, and the breaking open of the great West opened the way for a new educa- tional order of things. The great influx of immigrants from Eur- ope, beginning in the later forties, made necessary an extremely democratic system of schools, wholly free from partisanship or sectarianism. The federal Constitution contains no mention of schools. The United States has been and is powerless to control and does not assume to manage the educational interests of the people; the states have full authority to do so. Matters educational have been left strictly in the hands of the states. The federal govern- ment, it is true, by land grants and otherwise has encouraged the establishment of institutions of learning, and maintains a Bureau of Education with a commissioner at its head to make surveys and annual reports to the various educational organizations through- out the country. In the absence of any federal authority, the states began early in the nineteenth century to provide for a general system of educa- tion, ascending in regular gradation from township schools to a 262 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS state university. The colleges and academies were supported by tuition. Tuition was to be gratis in the state schools^ which were to be supported by taxation. The university fixes the plane of the high school, and the high school in turn^ determines the character of the elementary schools. The university has also developed graduate and profes- sional courses to provide for research work in every field. Thus the strength of the state system of schools is in its continuity, and in the gradual spread of its courses of study to accommodate the needs of the many in preparing for the professions. Allowing eight years for the elementary school, four for the secondary schools, four for the college course, and four for the professional course, the child who entered school at the age of six will com- plete his professional education at the age of twenty-six. 3. Relation of the Denominational Colleges to the State The changes that have been taking place from time to time in the state system will sooner or later affect the colleges. The colleges have for some time felt the weakness of the church sys- tem in not being able to establish and develop parochial schools and academies, so as to give the system continuity. Not being able to maintain such parochial schools and academies, on a large scale, the denominational college must lean on the state high schools for support in the way of attracting students. The necessity of connecting up with the high schools from below has a tendency to bring the denominational college into close contact with the state system. Luther College has been awake to this situation, and as early as 1881 began a lengthening of the preparatory course down- ward so as to connect up with the elementary schools. At the same time the college has developed a liberal arts course, the equal of the arts course of our foremost universities with the added advantage of religious instruction. Upon the completion of the college course, the student receives the degree of bachelor of arts. The tendency of the state system at the present day is toward the establishment of the junior high school and the junior college, a plan which aims primarily at the shortening in years of the entire system to enable capable students with iniative to enter the professions earlier than is possible under the present plan. The junior college movement is especially popular, and bids fair to spread in this day and age when education is advancing by leaps and bounds. The tendency of the high schools to reach up and do two years of college work, and of the universities to con- nect up with the junior colleges endangers the future of the pres- ORGANIZATION 263 ent-day small college. Although Luther College occupies a unique position among the schools of the Church, and stands high in the estimation of the educational circles of the day, still it is of the utmost importance that a careful study be made by those who have the welfare of the institution at heart of the conditions which sooner or later may threaten the continuance of the institution. The relation of the denominational college to the state system has not been wholly solved. SENATORS KNUTE NELSON AND W. B. ALLISON AT LUTHER COLLEGE II. Organization of Luther College Within the Church Luther College was incorporated under the law of the State of Iowa, February 1, 1865. The articles of incorporation, as re- vised in 1917, placed the institution under the direct control of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America. The articles provide that the Church Council shall constitute a Board of Visitors, who are to visit the College and report the results of their observation to each annual meeting of the corporation. The articles of in- corporation also provide for a Board of Trustees, eight in num- ber, whose principal duty is to look after the buildings and other 264 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS property of the College. The members of the corporation are the pastors of the congregations connected with the Norwegian Lu- theran Church of America and the representatives of said con- gregations at the triennial meetings of said Church. The presi- dent^ secretary^ treasurer, and Board of Trustees shall be elected triennially at such time and place as said Church shall hold its regular meeting. The regular meeting of the corporation is to be held at the same time and place. The president of the corpora- tion is ex-officio president of the Board of Trustees and of the College. In 1917 the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America created a special department of education. The Board of Education acts for the church-body in all matters pertaining to the educational institutions of the Church. The Board of Trustees of Luther Col- lege, accordingly, is subject to the Board of Education, which in turn serves as a Board of Visitors, and is responsible to the church- body for the conduct of the church schools. III. Organisation of Luther College Within Itself 1. President and Faculty The College as organized locally is headed by the president and the college faculty. In early years the entire burden of ad- ministration fell upon the shoulders of the president, who in ad- dition to his work as administrator also carried a heavy teaching load. To a certain extent the same holds true today, but with the growth of the College must come a redistribution of the burden of administration. The heaviest burden carried by the president in past years has been that of finances. With the advent of the financial secretary, the president will be in a position to utilize the time he formerly needed for raising of funds in the administ- ering of funds. The appointment of such a secretary is of great importance to the College. Up to the present time faculty members have played a com- paratively small part in the administration of the affairs of the institution outside of carrying on the regular instruction of classes. The college registrar's office stands next to the office of the pres- ident in importance, matters relating to courses and scholarship being referred to this office. The college treasurer works in con- junction with the registrar. The college librarian assumes the re- sponsibility of developing the library. A curator has been ap- pointed for the museum. A special publicity committee has charge of publicity and advertising. Departmentalization is becoming more defined, and each department head is responsible for the ORGANIZATION 263 development of that particular department. The dean of men and the principal of the Preparatory Department under the president control disciplinary matters. A special nurse is in charge of the college hospital. Student organizations flourish under student management, and where necessary faculty advisers have been ap- pointed by the president. Regular weekly faculty meetings are held for consultation purposes, the president in charge together with the secretary of the faculty. Scholarship and disciplinary matters are taken up for discussion, and generally the president acts on the recommendations made by the faculty. There is under ^Ili^Z- >TU'' PRESIDENT'S RESIDENCE, 1920 way at present a plan to inauguarate the committee system within the faculty and a committee was elected by the faculty in 1921 to make the proper recommendations. Such a system will make for added efficiency in the management of the many-sided activities of the College. From this it will be readily seen that the presid- ent is receiving more and more assistance in administering the af- fairs of the College. 2. Students The individual student is the unit of organization, and it is around and about the student that all the activities of the institu- tion turn in the never ending cycle of college life. The institu- tion was founded for him, the faculty secured to assist and guide him, the physical properties of the College to make his work 266 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS more pleasant and productive of results, the Alumni Association and Luther College Clubs, of which he is later to become a mem- ber, to father him in his educational career. And it is first and foremost the student who is preparing him- self for the study of theology and the service of the church that must be regarded as the unit in this particular school organiza- tion. It is primarily for this particular type of student that the curriculum is built along its present lines. Indirectly, the cur- riculum, consisting as it does of the very best in educational practice, appeals to three additional types of students: the student preparing for the profession of teaching; the student desiring a liberal education; and the student desiring a broad foundation preparatory to graduate and professional study. The Preparat- ory Department, in addition to serving as a course preparatory to college entrance, is complete in itself as a secondary school pre- paring for life in a practical way. Thus while Luther College is the ideal small college for students who desire that personal touch which the larger institutions cannot give, and who do not intend to enter the ministry, and while the College serves this type in a large way, still it is not for this type that the institution primarily exists. • Measuring the status of the school by the theological type of student, one has only to take cognizance of the fact that 556 Lu- ther College students have entered the ministry as compared with a total number of 801 graduates. Of this number of ministers, 362 are graduates of the College Department, 194 are not. This number will grow consistently with the years, provided only the patrons of Luther College realize the great need of the church for young men who are willing to serve. The curriculum remains essentially the same as at the time of the founding of the institu- tion — a rich classical foundation, sufficiently modernized to parallel only the best in subject matter that the universities have to offer. The daily routine of class instruction and chapel exercises as well as the disciplinary training tend to develop the spiritual side of one's nature and point out the way of life in the direction of service to the church. 3. Expansion of Course The full six-year course, offered for the first time in 1865-1866, was patterned after the last six years of the European Gymnasium, which gave great prominence to Latin and Greek, and was de- signed to prepare students for the university and the professions. The Gymnasium extends through nine years, being the European ORGANIZATION 267 substitute for the nine years in the American system beginning with grade eight of tlie elementary school and continuing through the senior college year. It is interesting to note that even in that early day^ men of vision prophesied the changing of conditions which must take place with the flight of time. They anticipated the needs of their people in this new country many years in ad- vance. In preparing the course of study for this institution, the fact that it was to be an American school was not overlooked. Though the school was founded by a Scandinavian people, still it was given the indelible stamp of an American school from the start, at the same time involving in its make-up all that was cher- ished in the old "Latinskole". This retaining in the early years of all that was near and dear to our people from the home land, gave the school its strength and solidity. The six-year gymnasium course continued with minor changes for twenty-two years, 1861-1883. At a meeting of the Synod held in June, 1881, a resolution was passed to the effect that the course offered at the College should be extended from six to seven years; the whole course to be divided into a Preparatory Depart- ment of three years and a collegiate of four. In order, however, not to be unfair to those students who had previously entered the College with a view of completing the course in six years, it was resolved that this change should not affect the students that had already entered the school, but only those that should be admitted in the future. In the next academic year there were three classes conducted on the new plan. These and all subsequent classes fin- ished a seven years' course before graduation. The lengthening of the preparatory course downward by one year was a necessary step to bring the College closer in touch with the state secondary schools. The necessity of keeping in touch with the state systems was at no time lost sight of, and more and more stress was placed on instruction in English. In 1905 a fourth year was added to the preparatory course, with a gradual introduction of new subject matter in the lower years, and by the school year 1906-1907 the College was operat- ing on an eight-year basis, four-year collegiate and four-year preparatory. In 1907-08 a literary course was introduced in the College Department to run parallel with the classical course, and a system of electives for the Junior and Senior classes was ar- ranged for the first time in the history of the institution. Tlie elective system was not introduced into the preparatory course of study until the school year 1918-1919, when still an- other year was added as a result of the junior high school move- 268 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS ment. The College as it is organized today offers a junior high school course^ covering work equivalent to that of the eighth grade and the first year high school; a senior high school course covering the work of the sophomore, junior, and senior years of the high school; and a four-year collegiate course, a total of nine years. It is interesting to note that this nine-year curriculum strongly resembles that of the nine-year European Gymnasium, not particularly in subject matter, although here too there is a simil- arity, but in general plan and purpose. Luther College is unique in this respect, that it is the only school within the Church offer- ing at the same time part elementary, secondary, and college work in direct sequence so as to enable a young man desiring an educa- tion within the Church to secure such training beginning with the seventh or eighth grade of the elementary course. In other words, Luther College has solved the problem of continuity of courses as well as it can be solved within the Church to-day. 4. The Normal Department, 1865-1886 The organization of a special department for the training of teachers was under way within a few years after the establishment of the school. It had been the intention to provide for this train- ing from the very first, but crowded and unsettled quarters and an overworked faculty prevented action in this direction until the school year 1864-1865. Under the European system, special schools were maintained for the training of teachers, and no attempt had been made to carry on this work at the higher institutions of learning. A course of two years corresponding to the junior and senior years of our high schools of today comprised the European teachers' training school for common school teachers. Consequently to combine such a course with the regular courses of the Latin school offered dif- ficulties, as it meant a breaking away from an established prece- dent. But the great need of a training school to provide parochial and common school teachers made it absolutely necessary either to establish a special school for this purpose, or offer the necessary courses at one of the then existing institutions. The latter seem- ed to be the most logical course of procedure, and it was finally decided to offer a special normal course within the regular Latin school, and place an instructor in charge of this department. The normal course was accordingly made to coincide, 1864- 1868, with the two lowest years of the Latin school. Preparation for teaching in the parochial schools of the Church was the de- ORGANIZATION 269 ter mining factor in the arrangement of subject matter. No effort was put forth to begin with to train teachers for work in the common schools^ and it was not until 1868 that, in response to the demand for common school teachers, a third year's work was of- fered in this department, stressing mainly training in English. The work of this department now covered the three lowest years of the six-year Latin course. In classes where the same subjects were involved, the normal students and the regular students were to recite together. Normal students were not required to take Latin or Greek, but in their stead enrolled in subjects especially fitting them for the work of teaching. As a result of the extension of the regular course from six to seven years in the year 1883, the normal course was not offered in 1882-83. In 1883 all the normal work was shifted into the three preparatory years, the first year being identical with the prepar- atory course, the second and third years offering special instruc- tion in the following branches in addition to the regular prepara- tory courses : catechism 3 hrs., Bible readings 3, English 3, U. S. history 2, didactics 4. In English and Norwegian, arithmetic, al- gebra, geography, general history, history of Norway, and Biblical history, the last two years were combined with the regular courses as stated. In 1872, the first normal class was graduated. The complete normal course offered in 1872 is given here. On February 1st, 1886, the Normal Department was discontinued. The Church established Lutheran Normal School at Sioux Falls, S. Dak., in- stead. NORMAL COURSE AS OFFERED IN 1872 (Model) (Quinta) (Sexta) (Septima ) 3rd yr. 2nd yr. 1st yr. Explanation of Luther's Catechism 3 2 2 Bible History 2 2 Symbolical Books . 2 2 Explanation of Bible and Catechetics 4 2 2 German 2 3 English 8 6 7 Norwegian 2 2 4 History, U. S., General 2 . 2 Geography . 2 2 Natural History (Zoology and Botany) . 3 Mathematics (Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry) 2 2 2 Music 2 2 2 Penmanship . 1 2 Total (figures refer to number hours per week) 25 29 29 5. Students' Army Training Corps (aS. A. T. C.) On account of the war, many changes were made at Luther College in the college year 1918-1919. Most of the students in the College Department were members of the S. A. T. C. They were young men who had registered for military service under the 270 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS provisions of the selective draft law and had passed the physical examination, but who were permitted to enter the S. A. T. C, an organization established by the War Department at most colleges and universities in the country. The S. A. T. C, was under the control of the War Department, which prescribed the subjects to be pursued, the number of hours per week to be devoted to military training, and all disciplinary regulations, which were on a strictly military basis. Lieutenant H. H. Fisher was the commanding officer and Second Lieutenant Allen C. Grundy was the personnel adjutant. The corps was demobilized December 11, 1918. CLUB ROOM Equipped for the S. A. T. C. by the Lutheran Brotherhood of America, 1918 All physically fit students not members of the S. A. T. C, were members of the Luther College Cadet Corps. They were not under government control and furnished their own uniforms and otherwise paid their own expenses. But they drilled at the same time and in the same manner as the members of the S. A. T. C, and were subject to the same regulations. Military drill was required of all physically fit students at Luther College except Juniors and Seniors, and as the Reserve Of- ficers' Training Corps offered the same kind and amount of mil- itary training as was required at Luther College, it was decided, when the S. A. T. C, was demobilized, to apply to the War De- partment for a unit of the R. O. T. C. The unit was established in January, 1919, and Commanding Officer, Lieutenant Harold H. ORGANIZATION 271 Fisher,, was retained at the request of the faculty. The unit was divided into two courses : the basic course and the advanced course. The basic course included all students below the Junior class, as well as the Junior and Senior classes of the Preparatory Depart- ment. Members of this course were furnished with uniforms and equipment by the government. Membership in the advanced course was not compulsory, and was open to Juniors and Seniors of both departments who had completed the basic course. Those enrolling in the advanced course received free subsistence, and training at a summer camp at government expense. 6. Typical Courses Courses have been built systematically from the top down to- ward the elementary system in an effort to connect up as soon as possible with the state system. Typical courses in typical years are here presented so as to give the reader a general idea of the main changes that have oc- curred. More detailed information as to subject matter follows later in this volume. For the sake of convenience the Roman numerals will be used here to designate classes as follows — Prima- I, Secunda-II, Tertia-III, Quarta-IV, Quinta-V, Sexta-VI, Sep- tima-VII, Octava-VIII, Sub-Freshman-IX. Figures denote num- ber of hours per week in each subject. 1872 MODEL SIX-YEAR COURSE 1861-1883 Class in which Subject is Offered Subject — — I II III IV V VI Explanation of Luther's Catechism 2 2 3 3 2 2 Bible History . . . 2 2 Latin 6 6 6 6 6 6 Greek 4 4 4 4 Hebrew 4 German 2 2 2 2 3 '. English 2 2 2 2 3 4 Norwegian 2 2 2 2 2 4 Logic 1 1 . . . . General History 2 2 2 2 . 2 Geography . . . 2 2 Natural History (Zoology and Botany) . . . 3 Mathematics(Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry) . 3 2 2 2 2 Music 2 2 2 2 2 2 Penmanship . . . 1 2 Totals 27 26 26 26 28 28 1883 MODEL SEVEN-YEAR COURSE 1883-1905 Class in which Subject is Offered Subject ■ I II III IV V VI VII Dietrich's Explanation 2 2 2 2 2 Bible History . . . . 3 3 Latin 6 6 6 6 5 5 Greek 6 6 6 5 Hebrew 4 ..... . German 3 2 2 3 4 English 3 4 3 3 3 3 6 Norwegian 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 2>72 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS General History (Anc, Med., Mod.) (also Norw. and U. S.) Geography Natural History (Zoology) Mathematics (Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry) Music (Vocal) Penmanship Augsburg Confession Pontoppidan's Explanation Stenography (elective) Totals 30 29 30 31 34 27 Subject 1008 MODEL EIGHT-YEAR COURSE 1905-1918 Class in which Subject is Offered Christianity Greek Testament Augsburg Confession Latin Greek Hebrew German English Norwegian General History English History Scandinavian History American History and Civics. Chemistry Physics Trigonometry Geometry Algebra Arithmetic Higher Algebra French Psychology Old English Music Drawing English Grammar Gymnastics I 4 2* 4 2* 3 3 II III 2 IV 2 VI 3 VII 3 4* 4* 2* 1 1 1 1 30 26 30 29 28 28 VIII 3 35 Totals 41 * Electives. 1918 STUDENTS' ARMY TRAINING CORPS COLLEGIATE COURSE (The course offered this year in the Preparatory Department was identical with that given below for the year 1921.) Autumn Quarter (twelve weeks) Winter and Spring Quarters (twelve weeks each) Subject Hrs. per wk. Subject Hrs. per wk. Military Training 11 Military English Augsburg Confession Greek Testament War Geography Surveying Plane Trigonometry Higher Algebra Physics I Chemistry I Hygiene and Sanitation French I German Latin Greek Military Psychology Modern European History. . , . Radio-telegraphy Accounting Advanced Norse Group singing Military Law and Practice. . . . War Aims Biology Chemistry Christianity Economics Economic Issues of War. . Education English 11 French 8 German Greek Hebrew History Latin Mathematics Military Science, Tactics Norwegian Physics Psychology Surveying 3 3 12 10 8 5 20 3 9 15 15 3 6 4 6 3 Totals 80 Totals 108 136 ORGANIZATION 273 Subject MODEL NINE-YEAR COURSE 1918-1922 Class in which Subject is Offered I II Biology 4 4 Chemistry 7 7 Christianity 2* 2* Economics 3 3 Education 8 8 English 9 6 French 3 7 German 3 3 Greek 3 3 Hebrew 3 3 History 6 6*-3 Latin 6 3* Mathematics 6 9 Music 1 1 Norwegian 6 6 Philosophy 3 3 Physics 7 7 Psychology 3 6 Sociology 6 3 Surveying 3 3 Bookkeeping Commercial arithmetic Commercial geography Commercial law Shorthand Typewriting Penmanship. Geography General science Citizenship Physiology Agriculture Ill 4 4 1* 3 3 3-3* 4 3* 4* 3-3* 5* 6 1 3-3* 4 3 IV 4 2* 2* 4* 4* 6 6* 3-3* 1 4* V 5 5 2* 5 S 5 2* 5 VI 5 5 S* 5 5 2* 5 VII 5 2* 5* 5* 5* 5* 2* 5* VIII 5 IX 2* 5* 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 3* 5 5 5 5 Totals 92 Required subjects. 7. School Calendar The average length of the school year, 1861-1912, was forty weeks. As accrediting standards required thirty-six weeks only, the length of the year was accordingly made to conform with re- quirements in 1917, the school year opening the second Thursday in September and closing in June at the expiration of thirty-six weeks of actual school work. Several changes have been made from time to time in the divi- sion of the school year, the first change being made in the year 1886-1887, when the one term school year was divided into two terms of equal length. No sooner had this change been made than in 1888-1889 the work was again rearranged on the basis of three terms, a fall term of eleven weeks, a winter term of six- teen weeks, and a spring term of thirteen weeks. This change was made to meet the requirements of students who could spend only a portion of the year at school, and the subject matter was so ar- ranged as to make it possible for a student to complete a subject within a term or at least one-third or two-thirds of the subject, as the case might be. This arrangement proved very convenient for the part-time students and was continued until 1910-1911, when 274 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS the semester plan of division of the school year into two equal periods was introduced for a period of eight years. Only a temporary arrangement was made to accommodate the S. A. T. C. plan 1918-1919, the college year being divided into four quart- ers of three months each, the preparatory year into six terms of six weeks each. The summer quarter of the college year 1919 was not offered, and the semester plan again took effect in both departments 1919-1920, each semester in tlie College Department consisting of eighteen weeks, in the Preparatory Department be- ing sub-divided into quarters of nine weeks each. This arrange- ment seems to be most desirable as it accommodates part-time students. In the year 1879 class recitation periods were reduced from sixty minutes in length to forty-five minutes, in 1913 increased to fifty-five minutes, and later, in 1916, reduced to fifty minutes. The length of recitation periods in the two departments has al- ways been the same, although accrediting standards require only forty-five minute periods in the Preparatory Department. The system of reckoning by units and semester hours was in- troduced in 1912. Standards of scholarship have been raised as a result of limiting the amount of work which individual students may carry, and the posting of quantity and quality bulletins. The arrangement of work within the school year has under- gone some minor changes from time to time. The daily schedule from early years reads : a. m. Rising bell 5 :30, Chapel 6 :00, Breakfast 6:30, Study hour 7:00, Cleaning of rooms 8:30, Classes 9: 00, Dinner 12: 00, p. m. Free period 1 : 00, Classes 2: 00, Free period 5:00, Supper 5:30, Evening study hours 7:00, Chapel 8:30, Lights 10:00; as compared with the schedule in operation to-day: a. m. Rising bell 6:30, Breakfast 7:00, Classes 7:30, Chapel 10:00, Classes 10:30, Dinner 12:10, p. m. Classes 1:00, Free period 4:20, Supper 6:00, Evening study hours 7:30, Chapel 9:45, Lights 10:15. CHAPTER THIRTEEN INSTRUCTION A. M. RoVELSTAD I. Policy of Curriculum THE curriculum of Luther College, as of any other educational institution, is one of the clearest expressions of her aims and ideals.* The purpose and aspirations of Luther College during the past sixty years have been set forth clearly and fittingly on many occasions. Of the many excellent articles devoted to this subject, only four are cited in this chapter, because they illustrate suf- ficiently the fact that the ideal has essentially not changed from the foundation of the College to the sixtieth anniversary of that foundation.** According to the anniversary article by Profes- sor Tingelstad, the definite educational ideal adopted in the be- ginning and successfully established and consistently maintained in ever-widening circles is: "A Christian education for useful service in Christ's cause." Such service is rendered most directly and definitely through the Christian ministry — the noblest of all callings. The pastor has unique opportunities for coming into contact with the many phases and problems of human life, to act as temporal and spirit- ual adviser and comforter to all social classes. This wonderful privilege and responsibility requires, first of all, a sympathy born of true spiritual consecration. Yet the effectiveness of this spir- *Cf. "College Aims, Past and Present", by L. V. Koos and C. C. Crawford, in "School and Society", Dec. 13, 1921, pp. 499-509. **Cf. Luther College Catalog for 1872-73, pp. 18-28, article on the college curriculum bv President Laur. Larsen. This is the first catalog printed. Cf. "College Chips" for Oct., 1921, pp. 2G6-275, the article, "What Luther College Has Done for Education", by Prof. 0. A. Tingelstad; also pp. 276-285, the article, "What Luther College Has Done for the Church", by Dr. O. M. Norlie. Cf. "Luther College Bulletin" for Jan., 1922, the title of which is "Looking Forward after Sixty Years", by President Oscar L. Olson. It is appropriate in this connection to refer tlie reader to tlie many articles and addresses which were prepared from time to time during tlie more recent days of tlie reconstruc- tion of the curriculum at Lutlier College by President C. K. Preus, whose un- timely death on May 28, 1921, prevented him from witnessing the significant anniversary for which he had planned and labored so faithfully. During his administration, too, the early ideals were carefully preserved. 276 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS itual endowment is strengthened and stabilized by a harmonious development of the mental faculties and by an acquisition of a broad and sound knowledge of man's physical, intellectual, and spiritual development down through the ages. It was this broad educational outlook which influenced the founders of Luther College in selecting and administering their curriculum. None of us appreciate fully their self-sacrifice, solid- ity, foresight, and idealism. For, in spite of the immediate need for a large number of pastors in the growing communities of the Middle West, they resisted the temptation to shorten and hurry the preparation of the candidates for the ministry; and they de- veloped a remarkable combination of intellectual training and spiritual consecration. In realizing this ideal of preparation for the Christian min- STUDENTS' ROOM istry, the elements of the curriculum from that time down to the present have been chosen with special care and a definite aim. This is utilitarianism and pre-vocationalism in the best and nobl- est sense. The reason for the presence of religion in the cur- riculum is self-evident. The practical value and broadening in- fluence of the English language and literature on a pastor require no demonstration. The pastor's need of a knowledge of the Nor- wegian language and literature is still imperative in many com- munities. Apart from the great importance of German secular literature, the very history of Lutheranism proves the value of an ability to read in the original the great German works on theology. French, though an elective study, has some importance for the theologian as an introduction to French thought, as well as to an understanding of a large part of the English language. In addition to these modern languages, the prospective pastor finds other subjects of great interest and value. It is hardly neces- INSTRUCTION 277 sary to call attention to the enlightening, instructiA^e, broadening, and steadying influence of the study of history and the use of the historical method. The social sciences, such as sociology, econom- ics, statistics, psychology, education, philosophy, have been given such prominence in recent years and have undergone such a mark- ed development that the pastor who has not received an introduc- tion to them has lost an opportunity to obtain a more intimate con- tact with the fundamental social and -economic problems of his parishioners and to gain a knowledge of the modern methods of understanding, training, and instructing the minds of his people. Higher mathematics furnishes, in addition to certain practical formulae and methods, a type of mental discipline which is gained in no other field. Upon the foregoing subjects — in fact, upon every sphere of modern life — a great influence is being exerted by current scien- tific thought and method. Science not only represents objective investigation and classification of specific data, but also has de- veloped into a system of speculative philosophy based on more or less definite premises. Nearly every congregation is to some ex- . tent affected by such an atmosphere and the pastor cannot escape it, even if he will. Therefore, it is self-evident that his pastoral work will be carried on with greater confidence and power if his preliminary course of training contains such subjects as physics, chemistry, biology, and other related branches, studied under the guidance of competent Christian teachers. This important guid- ance is received by students attending Luther College. In this age of scientific and historical methods, the importance of "sources" is constantly stressed. The ability to use sources not only should give intellectual power, confidence, and accuracj^, but also should serve as a ballast in the sea of conflicting doubts, prejudices, and emotions, if coujDled with other essential qualities. For the pastor the most important "sources" are the Hebrew Old Testament, the Greek New Testament, the Greek and Latin Church Fathers of the early days, and the Latin commentaries of the later theologians. In addition to this practical value, the study of the Greek and Latin languages, literatures, and civil- izations gives him a better understanding of the etymology, spell- ing, and meaning of the English language, two-thirds of which is of Latin and Greek origin. Furthermore, the student of these languages gains a more intimate knowledge of literary English, a good foundation for the study of Romance languages, an excel- lent mental discipline, a closer contact with the best models of 278 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS art and architecture, a broad basis for an understanding of medi- eval and modern civilization. Though a course of study dealing with so many fields re- quires much time and effort on the part of the prospective pastor, yet it gives him a broad and solid foundation for his pastoral studies and duties. This pre-theological course is built upon a classical founda- tion. Though the original requirements in Latin and Greek have been somewhat reduced, in order to make more room for elective subjects, still the curriculum remains fundamentally classical, as CHEMISTRY LABORATORY was the case with the German "gymnasium" which originally serv- ed as the model for Luther College. Such an education was, on the whole, "liberal" or "cultural". The definitions of the term "liberal" have had many variations, which are reflected in the many types of present-day colleges.*** However, it is perhaps safe to state that a "liberal" education is general in its purpose and does not prepare specially for any vo- cation. The aim is to prepare for "the whole of life rather than for some particular part of it" ; to prepare for life itself rather than for a livelihood ; to deepen and broaden the mind until it is "liberalized" or freed from "the world that man's intellect has conquered for us". The stress laid on ideals of conduct, life, and thought inherent in this type of education would naturally **"Cf. Koos and Crawford, loc. cit. INSTRUCTION 279 be less prominent in professional or technical schools than in the "liberal" college. A "liberal" education is essentially "cultural", for not only does it embrace the subject-matter of its branches, but it also depends on the cultivation or "culture" of the mental faculties, not for a specific line of action but with a view to a general mental power which is capable of surmounting difficulties as they arise in later life. This theory of "formal" mental discipline and the automatic transfer of power or training from one field to another, though strongl}' attacked in recent years and as a result PHYSICS LABORATORY somewhat modified, nevertheless has not been successfully dis- proved. On the other hand, no education can be "liberal" or "cultural" in the strictest sense, for every course of study prepares more directly for some few professions or vocations than for others. This fact holds good also in the curriculum of Luther College. First of all, it furnishes an excellent preparation for the most effective work in the Christian ministry. Furthermore, the gradu- ate from Luther College, both in respect to general cultural back- ground and in regard to specific knowledge, is equipped to pursue special work in other professions, such as those of teaching, medi- cine, law, and others. Even those students at Luther College who do not plan to complete their course at this institution may by a judicious election of studies prepare directly for two or more years toward a later professional career, meantime ex- periencing the stabilizing power of a Christian atmosphere in 280 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS a Christian college^ which serves as an intermediate stage be- tween parental love and care and the freedom and trials of university life. Such courses have a long-established precedent in the pre-medical^ pre-engineering, pre-law courses which have been given for the last twenty years in many colleges and univer- sities. Nevertheless, of course, the curriculum is pre-professional merely in a broad sense and less in the special sense which applies to a law school or a medical school of science. To sum up, the pre-theological course at Luther College is essentially classical, liberal, and cultural, and lays a broad foun- dation for many walks of life. II. Entrance Requirements 1. Preparatory Department Admission into the Junior High School (which comprises the usual eighth and ninth grades) will be granted to male students who have completed the seventh or eighth grades, provided they are at least twelve years of age, and other boys at least fourteen years of age whose previous training has been such as to enable them to do work with profit in the first year of the course. The work of the Senior High School corresponds to that of- fered in the three upper years of a standard American high school. Unconditional admission to the Senior High School presupposes the completion of four units of work acceptable for college entrance, but students who have completed not less than two units may be registered in the Senior High School at the discretion of the principal. Satisfactory testimonials of good moral character are required of applicants for admission to the Preparatory Department. A certificate of honorable dismissal is required of those coming from other schools. Students are admitted either by examination or by certificate. Examinations for admission or for advanced standing will be given at the beginning of the school year. Those who present certificates showing eighth grade graduation will be admitted without examination. Pupils from high schools will be credited for work well done and classified accordingly. High School Board certificates from Minnesota and North Dakota and first grade teacher's certificate standings from any state will be accepted for advanced standing. Credit granted on certificates from other schools may be revoked, however, if the student fails to sustain himself creditably in his work. I INSTRUCTION 281 2. College Department Graduates of standard high schools, requiring 16 year credits (units) for graduation, are admitted without any conditions, pro- vided that their high school training has included at least three units of English, two of mathematics, one of history, one of physics or chemistry, and two of foreign language. For those who enter without Latin, German, or Norwegian, special begin- ning courses in these subjects are arranged in the College. Six- teen high school units or year credits, each representing 180 recitation hours, are required for unconditional admission to the Freshman class, and a minimum of fourteen units for conditional admission. Entrance conditions must be removed at the first opportunity by appropriate work in the Preparatory Department. III. Graduation Requirements 1. Preparatory Department Sixteen units acceptable for college entrance, plus one-half unit of Bible, are required for graduation from the Senior High School. The sixteen units must include three units of English, two of mathematics (elementary algebra and plane geometry), one of history, and one of laboratory science (physics preferred), one-half of music, and four of foreign language, at least two of these to be Latin and one Norwegian. A unit is the equivalent of one high school studj^ satisfactorily pursued during thirty-six weeks, on the basis of five recitation periods per week. The regular recitation periods at Luther Col- lege are fifty minutes in length, and the laboratory and book- keeping periods one hundred minutes. Graduation from the Junior High School requires the com- pletion of eighth grade grammar, arithmetic. United States his- tory, and geography, and, in addition, four units of work accept- able for college entrance. First-year high school English and one-fourth unit of Bible must be included. In general, five-hour subjects give one unit's credit for a year's work and two-hour subjects (Bible and music) give one- fourth unit's credit. 2. College Department (1). A residence of at least one scholastic year at Luther College. (2). The completion of at least 130 semester hours of college work. In addition, twelve hours of physical training are required of those physically fit. 282 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS (3). Six semester hours of Latin above course IV (i. e., above the regular four years of high school Latin) ; Norse and German and Greek through course IV in each (i. e., four semester courses in each) ; four hours of Greek Testament, ten hours of other Christianity, ten hours of English, twelve hours of history (or six hours of history and twelve hours of other social science, in- cluding psychology), and one year each of mathematics, natural science, and biological science or psychology. (4). The completion of a major of six semester courses in each of two departments (or groups of closely related depart- ments). In no ease, however, must these six courses total less than eighteen semester hours. Latin I and II (i. e., Beginner's Latin and Caesar) will not be counted toward a major. (5). The language requirements vary in accordance with the number of units of foreign language offered for college entrance, the lacking entrance units being made up, in addition to the regular language requirements. In foreign language, a j^ear's work in high school is counted equivalent to a semester's work in college. IV. Outline of Subjects by Decades Abbreviations and Explanations Classes I — College seniors; II — College juniors; III — College soph- omores ; IV — College freshmen. V — Preparatory seniors; VI — Preparatory juniors; VII — Pre- paratory sophomores; VIII — Preparatory freshmen; IX — Pre- paratory sub-freshmen. Hours and Terms (1) — 1st semester; (2) — 2nd semester. (f) — Fall term; (w) — Winter term; (s) — Spring term. Thus, 4 hours per week in 1st semester — 4 (1); 4 hours per week in Fall term — 4 (f). When terms or semesters are not specified, the given number of recitations per week runs throughout the school year. Language used as medium of instruction in class The catalogs, except in 1872-73, very rarely specify the language used as a medium of instruction in the respective classes. The English language has increasingly taken the place of Nor- wegian. In most recent years every class has been conducted with English as the medium, except in foreign language classes INSTRUCTION 283 in which a more intimate familiarity with the language and thought is especially desired. El. — Elective. R — Required. Rec. — Recommended. All courses are regarded as Required, except when marked with El, or Rec. Subjects in the Preparatory Dep't (1921-1922) are classified as Required, Recommended, or Elective. ND — Normal Department. All courses are regarded as of the regular curriculum, unless marked with ND. Unless other- wise specified, the courses in the Normal Department were identic- al with those in Classes IV, V, VI up to 1883-84, and V, VI, VII from 1883-84- to 1885-86. The facts given in the following out- line of subjects are drawn from the Luther College catalogs of the years indicated and from the invaluable work of Professor Gisle Bothne, entitled "Det Norske Luther College, 1861-97." Outline of Subjects by Decades AGRICULTURE Year Class Hours and Courses Subject Text Teacher 1862-63 1872-73 1882-83 1892-93 1902-03 1912-13 1921-22 IX (El.) Agriculture (offered) BIOLOGY (Botany, Zoology, Physiology) 1862-63 1872-73 1882-83 1892-93 1902-03 1912-13 1921-22 VII. VIII I, II, III. (El) I, II, III. (El) I, II, III . (El) I. II, III.. (El) VIII, (El). VIII, (El) . 5 (s). 5 (s). 4(1) 4 (2) 4 (1 or 2). Course I. . 4 (1 or 2) . Course II.. 4 (1 or 2).. Course III. 4 (1 or 2) . . Course IV. 5 (2) 5 Botany Zoology Announcement of Zoology and Botany for 1883-84 in Class V, 3 hours Physiology Zoology None Biology (8 semester hours) listed in outline Zoology and Physiology Botany Elementary zoology Gray No text- b ook Siewers . Markhus ,Sheel Sihler Lectures and laboratory work . Embryology Comparative study, chick and pig Invertebrate zoology Lectures andlaboratory work Vertebrate zoology Text, lectures, laboratory, reading. . . . Physiology and Hygiene Biology (Combination of zoology, botany, and physiology, with special stress on zo- ology.)Text supplemented by labora- tory work. Hunter Hunter Hegner, Holmes .... Patton, Prent- iss, Arey Hegner. Hegner. Hilleboe Hilleboe Trytten Trytten Trytten Trytten Martin. Hunter. 284 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Outline of Subjects by Decades CHEMISTRY Year Class Hours and Courses Subject Text Teacher 1862-63 1872-73 1882-83 1892-93 III 4 (s) Sheel IV 4 (s) Sheel 1902-03 1912-13 I (El) 4 (1) Sheel II (El) IV (El) r, II(El) I, II (El) II, III. IV (El). V, VI (El) Course III 4 (2) Lectures and laboratory work, the former two hours, the latter four hours (two double hours.) Prerequisite, Course II Quantitative analysis Sheel Course IV 4 Course II 4 (2) Plan similar to qualitative analysis. Pre- requisite, Course III Inorganic Chemistry (Advanced) Smith Sheel Class work, 2 regular hours. Laboratory practice, 2 double hours. Smith Sheel Course I 3 (1) Class work, 2 regular hours. Laboratory work, 2 double hours 1921-22 Sheel Course III ... 3 (2) Course IV 4 Courses I-II . . . 5 Lectures, 1 regular hour. Laboratory work, 2 double hours. Prerequisite, Course III Sheel Lectures, 1 regular hour. Laboratory work, 2 double hours. Prerequisite, Courses I, II Smith Sheel Class work, 2 regular hours. Laboratory work, 2 double hours O. M. Eittreim Organic chemistry will be offered to college juniors and seniors in 1922-23, by Prof. Sheel CHRISTIANITY 1862 V, VI. . 3 Bible History Catechism Gen. 1 Kgs .... Pontoppidan. . . 1872 V, VI I, II 2 1 Larsen 1882 I, II III, IV V. VI V, VI IV Normal. . . . IV, VI Normal. V, VI Normal.. I 2 2 . . . 2 3 2 2 3'.'.'.'.'. .'.''.'.'.'.'. 9 Catechism Catechism Catechism Bible History Catechetics Exegesis Bible History Hutter Dietrich Pontoppidan. . . Gen. 1 Kgs. . . . Rambach Acts, Rom. Gal. Gen. 1 Kgs. . . , J. D. Jacobsen Larsen Larsen, Brandt Brandt Brandt Brandt Brandt Naeseth II, IV V, VI VI, VII VII V Normal V, VI Normal. . V, VI Normal. , VI, VII Normal VII Normal. . . I, II 2 2 3'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ' 2. 3'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 3 3 3 2 9 Catechism Catechism - Bible History Catechism Didactics Catechism Dietrich Dietrich Vogt Pontoppidan. . . Roalkvam Dietrich Larsen Larsen Roalkvam E. J. Petersen Roalkvam Larsen Roalkvam Bible History Catechism ^Alternating with Greek Testament every other year. Vogt Roalkvam 1892 Pontoppidan. . . E. J. Petersen Naeseth Ill, IV... . 2 Catechism Catechism Bible Reading Catechism Bible History ^Alternating with Greek Testament every other year. Dietrich Luther Acts Pontoppidan.. . 0. T V V 1 2 Markhus Krog VI, VII VI, VII 2 2 Hove Krog INSTRUCTION 285 Outline of Subjects by Decades Year Class Hours and Courses Subject Text Teacher 1912 1922 I 9 II 2 III 2 IV 2 VI, VII V 1 2 VI 2 VII 2 I 2 II. . 2 Ill, IV 2 V .. 1 V 1 VI 2 VII VII 1 1 VIII I. . . ... 2 2 II 2 III 1 IV 2 V 1 V 1 VI 2 VII.. 9 VIII IX 2 9 Augsburg Confession. . . . Greek Testament Catechism Catechism Catechism Bible History Bible History Bible History Greek Testament Augsburg Confession. . . . Catechism Life of Christ Bible Introduction Church History Bible History Catechism Bible History and Geog . Greek Testament Augsburg Confession. Dietrich. Dietrich. Life of Christ Bible Introduction Church History Bible History Bible History and Geog . Bible History Dietrich Dietrich Pontoppidan. Matt. Acts. . Judges, Dan . Gen., Josh. . . 4 books Dietrich. . . Matt. Acts . Vogt 1 Sam. Dan .... Pontoppidan. . . Gen. Ruth Matt. & Bible introduction . . Parts I, IL. Parts n, V. Kirk Norlie Str0rame . . . 1 Sam. Dan. Gen. Ruth.. Acts Nseseth Naeseth Pre us Preus Torrison Preus, Markhus Preus Preus Ylvisaker Preus Preus Ylvisaker Preus Ylvisaker Sperati Torrison Preus Sihler & Norlie Tingelstad & Sihler Norhe Tingelstad & Norlie K. O. Eittreim F. E. Petersen K. O. Eittreim Sperati Sperati K. O. Eittreim COMMERCE 1862-63 1872-73 1882-83 1892-93 1902-03 1912-13 1921-22 VI, IX (El).. 5 (1 or 2) . 5 (1) 5 (2) Bookkeeping Elementary course (consists of the first six units of textbook) Advanced course (consists of the seventh unit, banking, and other supplemental work). The completion of the two courses requires ordinarily two years to finish Commercial arithmetic. (See under math- ematics) Commercial geography. (See under geog- raphy) •. . Commercial law Practical knowledge of the laws, forms, and papers connected with ordinary business transactions Shorthand Stress on speed and ability to read notes readily Typewriting. "Touch" system. Speed and accuracy Goodyear & Marshall. . Hamilton. K. O. Eittreim K. O. Eittreim S. S. Reque K. O. Eittreim Gregg System . Cutler & Sorelle . K. O. Eittreim K. O. Eittreim ECONOMICS 1862-3 . 1872-3 1882-3. 1892-3. 1902-3. 1912-13 286 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Outline of Subjects by Decades Year Class Hours and Courses Subject Text Teacher 1921-22 I,-III (El) I,-III (El) 3 (1) 3 (2) 3 (2) General introduction to economics. Spe- cial attention to the development of leading schools of economic thought. . . . Principles of economics. Stress on relation between industrial problems and social conditions Seager Lippincott Talle I-III (El) Talle Economic development of the U. S Talle EDUCATION 1862-63 1872-73 1882-83 1892-93 1902-03 1912-13 1912-1,3 ND ND IV, ND. IV, ND . I, II I I II I, II (El). I, II (El). I, II (El). I, II (El). I, II (El). I, II (El). r, II (El). I, II (El). I, II (El). II, III (Required un- less Biology is elected.) I, II (El) I, II (El). I, II (El). I, II (El). I (El) . I, II (El). 1 (s) 2 (s) 3 (1) Course II . . , 3 (2) Course I . . . 4(1) Course III. . 4 (2) Course IV. . 4 (1) Course V. . . 4 (2) Course VI. . Course VII . 2 (1). 2 (1). 2 (1) Course VI 11. 2 (2) 2 (2) 2 (2) 3 (1 or 2).. Course III. 3 (1 or 2).. Course IV. 3 (1 or 2). Course II . (Psych) . . 3 (1 or 2). Course I . , 3 (1) Course III. 3 (2) Course IV. 3 (1) Course V. . 3 (2) Course VI . 2 (1 or 2) (In each section) Course VII . . . . 3 (1 or 2)... Course VIII . 3 (1 or 2).. Course IX. 3 (1 or 2). Course X. Catechetics Pedagogy Theory and practice of teaching Catechetics History of education History of education Psychology in its relation to education. Introductory psychology Lectures, experiments, reports . History of philosophy History of education. Child study Educational methods. Theory of education. (Lectures, reports practice) (a) Philosophy of education (b) How to Study and teaching How to Study (c) Civics and Health School administration. (Lectures, reports, observation, practice) (a) Economy in education (b) High school administration (c) Introduction to the study of society. . Applied psychology Various texts and experiments. Prereq- uisite: Course I Psychology of religion Textbooks, questionnaires, reports, lec- tures Educational psychology Readings, lectures and experiments ...... Prerequisite: Introductory psychology. . . Introductory psychology Lectures, experiments, reports History of philosophy. History of education. High school methods Observation of teaching. Reports on assigned topics School administration Text, readings, reports Special methods in high school subjects.. . In sections under supervision of instructor who is at the head of the department concerned. Textbook, lectures, obser- vations, reports Administrative problems Stress on problems of superintendents and high school principals Educational sociology Surveys and reports American public school system. Assigned readings and reports Rambach. . Faye Page Roalkvam . Harris- Bagley. Yerkes . James. . Weber . Monroe . Kirkpatrick. Thorndike & Strayer . . . Brown Rosenkranz. McMurray. Allen Snedden Roark Hollister Small&Vincent Hollingworth & Poffenberger Starch . . . Woodrow Terman . . Breese . . . Thilly. Graves, Monroe Cubberley. . , Parker Cubberley. Nutt. Brandt Brandt Brandt Roalkvam G. Bothne G. Bothne Tingelstad Tingelstad Tingelstad Tingelstad Tingelstad Tingelstad Hilleboe Hilleboe Hilleboe Hilleboe Hilleboe Hilleboe Hilleboe Hilleboe Norlie Norlie Norlie Norlie Tingelstad Norlie Tingelstad Tingelstad (Norlie) F. E. Peterson Tingelstad Inglis Chancellor. Cubberley. Norlie Tingelstad (Norlie) INSTRUCTION 287 Outline of Subjects by Decades Year Class I-III (El). I (El) I, II (El., I, II (El). I, II (El). Hours and Courses 3 (1 or Course XI. Course XII.. 3 (1 or Course 3 (1 or Course 3 (1 or Course 2) . . . . XIII. 2).... XIV 2).., XV. Subject Principles of education Education as a science. Bibliographical work and methods of research. A syllabus on education developed Practice teaching (In preparatory department and the local high school) Educational hygiene Statistical methods applied to education . . (Effort by members of the class to solve local educational problems) Moral and religious education Syllabus, lectures and assigned reports Judd. Rapeer. Rugg Alexander . Norlie & Tingel- stad Teacher Tingelstad Tingelstad (F. E. Peterson) Tingelstad Tingelstad Norlie ENGLISH 1862-63 IV ■> Pinneo McGuffey McGuffey McGuffey Greene Parker & Wat- son Schmidt V, VI 2 Fourth reader translated Schmidt I II 2 2 1872 73 Bergh, (I-IV f, National third, fourth, and fifth readers. . V2f, VI, 2f) Ill . . 3. Bergh IV 3 Bergh V 3 Fourth reader (ND) Saunders Bergh VI 4 IV (ND) . 8 Jacobsen (ND) V (ND) 6 VI (ND) 7 1882 83 I .3 L. S. Reque II 3 History of English Literature Gilman Naeseth III 3. Rhetoric and composition Hart Swinton Naeseth IV .... 3 L0kke Nseseth V .... 5 Monroe Naeseth VI 3 National Morris Naeseth VII 5 Knudsen&L0kke (Normal Dept. was not conducted in 1882- 83) 1892-93 I 3 Reque (1 hr.) II 3 Naeseth Partly with I. subjects as in I L.S.Reque(l hr) Ill 3. Naeseth IV 3 Subjects as in III Naeseth 288 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Outline of Subjects by Decades Year Class Hours and Courses Subject Text Teacher V 5 (s) Seven American classics Swinton G. Markhus VI 6 (f),6 (w).... 6 English grammar ■. Meiklejohn .... Spelling Fourth reader Appleton Markhus VII Fourth reader Monroe Markhus I II Ill 3 2(f), 3(w), 3(s). 3 1902 03 History of English literature Brooke Naeseth Selections from Pope, Dryden, and others Collateral reading Olson 1902-03 History of English literature Brooke Nseseth Olson History of English literature Brooke Naeseth IV 3. . Collateral reading: Shakespeare & Milton Rhetoric Composition Clarke Naeseth V 6 (f) 2 (f),2 (w).... 6 (w), 6 (s).... 6 History of American Literature Watkins Composition ~ Markhus VI Rhetoric Clarke Vocal culture Russell Markhus VII Punctuation Composition Raub Elocution Elocution Swett Swett Markhus I 2 (1) Course V 3 (2) Grammar West Gjerset 1912-13 Olson I, II (El) I, II (El) II The drama : Its law and technique Woodbridge Olson Course VI 4 (1) Additional literature for reference work. Reports by students. One theme from each student Anglo-Saxon Grammar, versification; phonetics Bright Olson Course VII 4 (2) Course VIII 4 (1) Course IX 4 (2) Olson Chaucer: Canterbury Tales (5 or 6) Middle English. Prologue. Also private reading. Reports and one theme from each student. . Olson Olson Course X 4(2) Course XI 1 Reports and one theme from each student Olson Reports and one theme from each student Olson Course III 1 Rhetoric Argumentation Outlines, composition, longer themes Baldwin Baker Olson Olson Course IV (See also under I-II) INSTRUCTION 289 Outline of Subjects by Decades Class Hours and Courses Subject Text Teacher 3 (1), 2 (2). Course II. . VI. VII. VIII. I, II (El) I, II, III (El). I, II, III (El). I, II (El) I, II (El) I, II (El) I, II (El) I, II (El) I, II (El) I. II (El) I, II (El) I, II (El) I, II (El) II Ill IV.... V (El) , VI (Rec). VII (Rec). VIII (Rec). IX (R) 2 (Course I) 4 History of English Literature Lectures by teacher Readings . Selections Reports and one theme from each student Rhetoric and composition History of Anierican literature (2 hrs.) . . . Literature (for study and reading) (2 hrs.) Memorizing selections Weekly compositions Composition and rhetoric (2 hrs.) Century. Manly. . Baldwin. . . Abernethy . Lockwood and Emerson . . . Literature (for study and reading) (2 hrs.) Memorizing selections Weekly compositions Composition and rhetoric (2 hrs.) 3 (1 or 2) Course V 3 (1 or 2) Course VI 3 (1) CourseVII 3(2)CourseVIII 3 (1 or 2) Course IX 3 (1 or 2) Course X 3(1 or 2) Course XI 3 (1 or 2)Course XII 3(1 or 2) Course XIII 3(1 or 2) Course XIV 3(1) Course XV 3(2)CourseXVI 3(1 or 2) Course XVII Literature (for study and for reading) (2 hrs.) Memorizing selections Weekly compositions English grammar Literature (class study and supplementary reading) Compositions and reports Advanced composition . Lockwood and Emerson . . . Gjcrsst Public speaking Shakespeare: Four plays Masterpieces of English literature . American literature The drama to 1642 The novel The Romantic movement Tennyson and Browning . The essay Anglo-Saxon reader. Beowulf translated . Cunliffe and Lo- mer. Periodical? Bright Courses III-IV. 2 Courses I- II. 5 Chaucer: Canterbury Tales and Prologue. See under I-II-III. History of English literature Representative selections of English liter- ature Rhetoric and composition Rhetoric and composition History of English literature Weekly composition Memorizing Outside reading Exercises in debating, reading, speaking . . . Survey of American literature Composition and rhetoric (second semester) Moody &Lovett Manly. Linn. . . Olson Olson Thompson Olson Thompson Thompson Talle Talle Olson Olson Olson Olson Olson Olson Olson Olson Olson Olson Olson Olson Nelson S. S. Reque Outside reading Public speaking Composition and rhetoric (2 hours) . Brewer Long Calhoun and McAlarney . Literary readings and reports (3 hours) . . . Practice in reading, memorizing, debating, etc Orthoepy English grammar (2 hours) Literary readings and reports (3 hours) . . . English grammar Brewer Lockwood and Emerson ... .\bernethy. Wooley . . . Gjerset. Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Evanson Talle 290 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Outline of Subjects by Decades FORENSICS (Debating, Oratory, Elocution, Public Speaking) Year Class Hours and Courses Subject Text Teacher 1862-63 Progress in this field is made not only by means of class instruction in English and Norwegian, buc also through the student literary organizations and public con- tests and programs, and by instruction given privately by the instructors. Special coaches for debating and orator- ical contest in 1921-22 are Professors D. T. Nelson and H. O. Talle. Exercises in declamation (in Norse course) 1872-73 1882-83 1892-93 1902-03 V 2 (f), 2 (s) 1 English, Course IV. . . 1. . . . Swett 1912-13 II VII Olson 1921-22 I, II, III (El). . V, VI, VII(Rec) 3 (lor 2) Eng. Course VI. Public speaking Talle Same as in 1912-13 for Class II. Public speaking and debating Brewer Reque & Nelson FRENCH 1862-63 1872-73 1882-83 1892-93 1902-03 1912-13 1921-22 I I (El) . 2(f).2(s). 4 Course II . II (El). 4 Course I . I, II (El). I, II (El). Courses I-II . . . 3 Courses III-IV. Elementary French Advanced course Grammar and exercises continued . Selections for reading Lectures Elementary course Pronunciation _ Essentials of grammar ' Exercises Selections from authors Elementary French Grammar and reading Advanced course Stress on literary features Larger assignment of authors. . . . Review of grammar L. S. Reque L. S. Reque 1862- -63 1872- -73 1882- -83 1892- -93 IV. V, VI. V. . VI.. III. V. . VI.. V. . VI.. VII. 3 4 5 (s) 5 (s) 5 (f), 5 (w). Geography of Northern Europe . Geography of Europe Geography Read, translated, and learned. . . Geography Common school geography Physical geography Grammar school geography Grammar school geography Geography of Europe Physical geography General geography L. S. Reque Fraser&Squair S. S. Reque S. S. Reque GENERAL SCIENCE 1862-63 1872-73 1882-83 1892-93 1902-03 1912-13 1921-22 VIII, IX (El).. .. ..S (1) Introduction to general science Clark O. M. Eittreim GEOGRAPHY Dan .... Mitchell. Geelmuyden . Warren Guyot Guyot Guyot Appleton . . . . Houston Horn Schmidt Siewers Bergh (f) Narvesen Narvesen Narvesen G. Bothne Sheel Markhus INSTRUCTION 291 Outline of Subjects by Decades Year 1902-03 1912-13 1921-22 Class VI.. VII. None V, VI, VI I (El) V, VI, VII(El), IX Hours and Courses 5 (f) 5 (w) . . . . None .... 5 (1) 5 (1 or 2). 3 Subject Physics and phys. geography . Political geography. . . Geography of Europe . Commercial geography. Physical geography. . . . Political geography .... Text Wentworth & Hill(Physics) Longman . Teacher Sheel Sihler Sihier S. S. Reque O. M. Eittreim Talle GSRM\N 1862-63 1872-73 1892-93 IV. V, VI. III. I 2 II 2 Ill IV 2 2. .......... . V 3 I 3 II . 2 Ill IV 2 4 I 3. II 3 5(f),5(w). German forms Second reader Schiller: Thirty Years' War German grammar German verbs Reader German grammar German reader German reader Schiller: Thirty Years' War Selections from German classics, e. g., Goethe: Hermann und Dorothea, etc. . Normal Dept. as in IV and V Schiller: Wallenstein Goethe: Faust Lessing: Minna von Barnhelm Composition Two German Essays Reader Goethe: Hermann und Dorothea Grammar Composition Reader Grammar Composition Reader Reader Grammar Composition (German in Normal Dept.) Goethe: G0tz von Berlichingen Fichte; Reden an die deutsche Nation (in part) Other German classics Parallel assigned reading of various authors Grammar Composition Schiller: Wallenstein Grammar Composition Reader Reader , Grammar Composition Elementary German Reader Autenrieth. . . Wackernagel. Bauer Autenrieth. Autenrieth. ."^alholm. . . Woodbury. Piccolomini. . L0kke. Pauss&Lassen. Knudsen Pauss & Lassen. Pauss & Lassen. Pauss & Lassen. Knudsen . Schmidt Larsen Schmidt (1 hr.) Siewers(III-V) Jacobsen(I,II) E. J. Petersen E. J. Petersen E. J. Petersen E. J. Petersen Sihler Sihler Sihler Sihler G. Bothne sihler 4 (f).O(w).. 3 (s) 2 (f),2 (w). Practical exercises Schiller, Lessing, Goethe History of German literature . . . Private reading Five poems memorized Two or three German authors. . . e. g. Hauff, Seume, Freytag, etc. Composition Poetic selections Discussion of German "Kultur". History of German literature . . . Five poems memorized Sihler 292 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Outline of Subjects by Decades Year Class Hours and Courses Subject Text Teacher IV 3 Pauss & Lassen. Sihler V 5 (w), 5 (s).... 4 Course IV 2.(1) Courselll. 2 Course II 2 Course I 4 Method and material German reader Sihler Bj0rset Sihler 1912-13 I, II (El) II. Ill IV.... V Sihler Work along same lines as in Soph. year. Sihler Goethe, Schiller, Lessing, Grillparzer, Kleist; Kluge: Auswahl deutscher Ge- Sihler Sihler Sihler Sihler VI. . 3 ... Sihler Pauss & Lassen. Knudsen & Rogstad Gunderson & Larsen Sihler Sihler I, II (El) Ill 2 Course V. . . . 3 Courses VI- VIII, 3 Sihler B j0rset Knudsen & Rogstad Pauss & Lassen. 1921-22 Sihler Sihler Sihler Sihler ' , Sihler (III) IV .. CoursesIII-IV.. 4 Reading of prose and poetry F. E. Peterson (III, IV) Prerequisites, Courses I-II or equivalent. Sihler V Courses I-II . . . 5 (Rec.) 5 (El) Dictation and reading for German sounds Bacon F. E. Peterson F. E. Peterson VI Bacon F. E. Peterson GREEK 1862-63 IV 3 Grammar Reader Curtius Jacobs Schmidt 1872-73 I 2. Jacobsen I, II Ill 3 4 Schenke Curtius- Voss.. . Schenke Siewers 1882-83 IV I 4 6 Grammar Reader Jacobsen G. Bothne II 6 Herodotus VII . Grammar Goodwin History of Greek literature Xenophon: Anabasis Jebb Schenke G. Bothne III. 6 Grammar Goodwin G. Bothne IV S Grammar Goodwin First Lessons White Naeseth INSTRUCTION 293 Outline of Subjects by Decades Class II 5 Ill IV 6 5 I ... 4 II .S III. IV I, II (El). I. II. II. .. III. . IV.... I I (El). II (El) . Ill IV Hours and Courses 5 (f),S (w). Course V 4 Course IV 2. Christianity, Course IV. . . Course III. Course II. Course I 2 Christianity, CoursesVII-Vlll 3 (1) 3 (2) CoursesVII-VlIl 3 (1) 3 (2) Courses V-VI . . 4 (1) 4 (2) Courses III-IV, 4 Courses I-II . . Subject Demosthenes: Philippics Sophocles: Oedipus Tyrannus. Homer: Iliad Plato: Apology and Crito. . . . Herodotus Grammar and composition. . . . History of Greek literature. . . Xenophon: Anabasis Homer: Odyssey Grammar and composition. . . . Beginner's Book Attic Orators Sophocles Aristophanes Lectures on Greek drama Homer Grammar and composition. . . . History of Greek literature . . . Euripides: Medea Herodotus: Selections Greek Testament Beginner's Greek, completed. . Xenophon's Anabasis Grammar Composition Homer Beginner's Greek Grammar and corrpisition. . . Demosthenes: De Corona. . . . Plato: two dialogues Homer: Iliad and Odyssey. . . . Sophocles: Oedipus Tyrannus. Greek Testament: Mark, John, and two Epistles Plato: Apology and Crito Euripides: Medea History of Greek literature Xenophon: Anabasis Lysias: Selected orations Grammar Beginner's Greek New Testament — Matthew Demosthenes: De Corona Historical selections for rapid reading (or) Plato: Apology and Crito Patristic Greek — Justin Martyr Homer: Iliad or Odyssey Sophocles: Oedipus Tyrannus (or) , Euripides: Medea . , Greek Historians Lysias: Selected orations (or) Lucian: Dialogues Beginner's Book Text Jebb. White. White. Jebb.. Jebb.. Merry . White.... Goodwin . White. White. Jebb. Goodwin . White..., Benner-Smyth. , Teacher G. Bothne G. Bothne Sihler (f. w), Bothne (s) Sihler G. Bothne G. Bothne Sihler Sihler Ylvisaker Ylvisaker Ylvisaker Ylvisaker Ylvisaker Sihler Norlie & Sihler Sihler Sihler Sihler Sihler Qualley Sihler & Qualley Strom HEBREW 1862-63 1872-73 liiVed;::::: 2 4 4 4 3 (1),4(2). ... 3 Courses I-II. . Elementarbuch Seffer Larsen Larsen Larsen Larsen Ylvisaker Norlie 1882-83 HoUenberg. . . . HoUenberg .... HoUenberg .... Davidson Davidson 1892-93 1902-03 1912-13 1921-22 Hebreeisches Schulbuch Hebraeisches Schulbuch and Genesis Introductory Hebrew Grammar Introductory Hebrew Grammar 294 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Outline of Subjects by Decades Year Class IV. I II Ill IV VI IV (ND) . I II Ill IV IV V V I I, II III. HISTORY Hours and Courses Geography of Northern Europe History of Norway General History General History General History History of Norway, Sweden and Denmark. General history U. S. history Ancient history Modern history Middle ages Ancient history U. S. history History of Norway, Sweden and Denmark. General history Not specified in catalog History of England (^Iternate years) Topics by students. See also under I-II . Modern history Medieval history Scandinavian history (regularly but not in 1892-,93.) Ancient history 5 (f) 5 (w), 6 (s). 2 (f) 2 (f) 2 (w) 2 (w) 3 (s) 3 (f) 2 (f) 3 (w) 2 (w) 1 (w) t (s) 2 (s) 5 (f),5 (w). S (s) Subject General history (outline) U. S. history Civil government English history Historical seminar English history (cont.) Historical seminar American history Medieval and modern European history. Historical seminar Medieval and modern European history. Historical seminar Scandinavian history Medieval and modern European history. Historical seminar Ancient history to 800 A. D Medieval history begun One written report by each student in each term. Text Daae . . . Petersen . Daae&Petersen Petersen . Myers Nissen & Daae. Nissen & Daae. Nissen & Daae. Higginson Eriksen Eriksen Eriksen . . Johnston . Larned . Larned. No text-book. Schj0th Schj0th . Schj0th . R0der . . .Schj0th . Teacher Larsen Larsen Larsen Larssn Larsen Larsen G. Bothne Larsen Larsen Roalkvam Reque Roalkvam Roalkvam Larsen Larsen Larsen Larsen Naeseth Markhus Markhus Gjerset Gjers-'t Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset G. Bothne Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset Gjersst 1912-L' VII [, II (El). t, II (El). I, II (El). [, II (El). II II 5 (f) 5 (w) 5 (s) 5 (s) 4 (1 or 2) Course V i (1) Course VI 4 (1 or 2)... Course VII. 2 (1 or 2).... Course VIII. t (1 or 2) Course IX i (1) Course III 4 (2) Course IV 4(1).... Course I . 4 (2) Course II, U. S. history Civil government U. S. history General history American history 1775-1816 Prerequisite, courses I, II, III, VI, IX . Constitutional history of England after the Norman conquest American history (Period of discoveries and explorations and the Colonial era). Prerequisites, course I, II, III, VI, IX .American history (Industrial and social development after 1877.) Historical seminar (Study of the Middle West.) American history 1816-1860 The Civil War and the period of recon- struction, 1857-1877 Europe in the middle ages (Study of the various movements and their influence) Europe in the 19th century McMaster. Macy McMaster. Utheim . . . Markhus Markhus Markhus Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset Gjers't Gjerset Gjerset INSTRUCTION 295 Outline of Subjects by Decades Year Class Hours and Courses Subject Text Teacher VL... VII... 1921-22 VIII I, II (El). I, II (El). I, II (El). I, II (El) I, II, III (El). I. IT. Ill (El). I, II, III (El). *II hIII. alll. 4 (2). Civil government Ancient history to 800 A. D . None .... 3 (2) Course X. Classic myths Old Greek Life Roman antiquities. James&Sanford Myers Gayley. . Mahaffy. Wilkins . 3 (1 or 2) Course XI 3 (2) Course IX 3 (1 or 2) Course VIII 3(1) Course VII 3 (1) Course!.. 3 (2) Coursell.. 3 (1) Course V American history (Industrial, social and political develop- ment after 1877) South American history American history (Period of discoveries and explorations the colonial era) 3 (2) Course VI 3 (1) Course III 3 (2) Course IV VI VII VIII IX V, VIII, IX(El) None. 5 None. 4 5 Growth of the English constitution The Civil War and the period of recon- struction 1857-1877 Greek civilization Roman civilization .American history 1775-1816 (Revolutionary war and the framing of our national government) American history 1816-1960 ♦Required, but social science substitu- tions are permitted. Europe from Charlemagne to the Congress of Vienna Modern and contemporary European history a — Open to Freshmen. May elect in class III (Courses 1 1 1- IV). Senior American history (Text-book, supplementary reading. topical references and reports.) General history . Myers. United States history Citizenship (Community civics). Prereq- uisites, U. S. history Study of civil government and community life Magruder . Hughes. . . Ylvisaker & Sihler Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset Rovelstad Rovelstad Hovde Hovde Gjerset&Hovde Hovde Evanson Evanson Evanson Evanson Evanson LATIN 1862-63 IV V, VI I II Ill IV V 6 5 1; :::::^ 6 \ Grammar Madvig Ruehner Schulze Schmidt Schulze Madvig Larsen 1872-73 Grammar (for all classes) Composition (IV ro I) Latin Poetry Madvig (later Schreiner) .... Tischer Siebelis Landmark Landmark Landmark Landmark Jacobsen VI I 6 ( 6. and De amicitia and Orationes Larsen Schmidt 1882-83 Vergil: Aeneid (I-III) L. S. Reque II 6 Schreiner Cicero: Orationes in Catilinam and De L. S. Reque Livy (Books XXI-XXII) . . . Grammar and composition 296 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Outline of Subjects by Decades Year Class Hours and Courses Subject Text Teacher III 6 Caesar: De bello Gallico (1 1 1- IV) Sallust: Catilina L. S. Reque IV 6. . . Grammar and composition Latin classics (Nepos, Phaedrus, Caesar: De bello Gallico I ) completed Voss Schreiner Anderson & Gj0r Voss Voss Schreiner V 5 E. J. Petersen . Grammar (Syntax) Weekly composition Latin reader completed Latin classics begun Grammar (Etymology) VI....: 5. . . Composition Reader and grammar (75 pages) Oral and written exercises . . . Voss I 5 / 1892-93 History of Roman literature and antiqui- ities Weisse II 5(1 hr. with I) | 6 I 6. . ) L. S. Reque L. S. Reque L. S. Reque Horace: Select odes, satires, and epistles. . Livy: Bk. XXI or XXII Vergil: Aeneid Ill IV L. S. Reque V 6 ( Sallust: Catilina Cicero: Orationes Caesar: De bello Gallico Phaedrus: Fabulae Parallel reading of authors Composition Foundations of Latin Krog VI 6 (w), 6 (s) . . ■ 4 (f) Krog I Caesar: De bello Gallico 1902-03 L. S. Reque II 4 (w) Roman constitutional history(l hr. weekly) Roman lyric poetry: Catullus and Horace. Lyric meters. L. S. Reque 4 (s) History of Roman literature(l hr. weekly) Roman satire: Horace and Juvenal Vergil: Aeneid, Bks. II-IV Review of grammar and composition L. S. Requp 5 (f), 5 (w)-. . . . 5 (s) L. S. Reque Ill Cicero: selections from De officiis. . Roman Comedy: the Phormio of Terence Theatre and private life of the Romans 5 (f),5 (w).... 5 (s) Livy: Bk. XXI L. S. Reque IV Rome and Carthage Composition (22-36) Bennett Bennett Grammar 5 (f),S (w)..,. 5 (s) 6 . Prosody and Roman mythology . Composition (37-44) Grammar Bennett Bennett Cicero: selections from Orations Roman oratory^Roman constitution . L. S. Reque V VI Composition (1-15) Bennett Bennett Grammar Cicero: selections from Orations. (or) his minor philosophical works or Phae- L. S. Reque Composition (16-21) Bennett Bennett Grammar 6. Composition (1 hr. weekly) D'Ooge Collar & Daniell Olson I, II (El) I, II (El) 4 (1) Olson 1913-14 Latin literature of the Empire (begun) . . . (Selections from representative authors). Reports on literature. Advance com- position Latin literature of the Empire (continued) . Gudeman Arnold Gudeman Course V A. . . . 4 (2).. . Course VI A . . . 4 (1) Course VII A . . Study of the times Advanced composition Arnold Rovelstad Advanced composition Arnold INSTRUCTION 291 Outline of Subjects by Decades Year Class Hours and Courses Subject Text Teacher III. (2) Course VIII A. 4(1) Course III A.. IV. bill (Special). blV (Special) . VIII. I, II, III (El). I, II, III (EI). I, II, III (El).. I, II, III (El).. Course XV . 2 (1) 2 (2) 1 (1 or 2). 2 (1) 3 or 2 (2) . 3 (1 or 2).... Course XIII. 3 (1 or 2). 4(2) Course IV A. . 4 (1) Course I A . . 4 (2) Course II A . 6(1) Course III B. 6(2) Course IV B. 6(1) Course I B 6 (2) Roman drama: the Phormio of Terence and the Medea of Seneca Advanced composition (or) Rapid reading course of Caesar, Cice- ro, or Vergil Advanced composition Reports on private and public life (illus- trated) Horace: Odes and Epodes Versification and memorizing Composition weekly Roman political instit. Weekly Reading at sight Tacitus: Agricola and Germania Composition weekly History of Roman literature, weekly Reading at sight Private life of Romans (illustrated) Cicero: De senectute and De amicitia Special attention to grammar and language Composition weekly Sight reading Livy: Bk. XXI or .selections Composition weekly Sight reading Cicero: five orations Sight reading Word building Composition (2 hrs. weekly) Vergil: selections from Aeneid Sight reading Composition (1 hr. weekly) Word building Beginner's Latin Arnold . Arnold . Bennett . Ritchie . . Granrud. Gudeman . Ritchie... Wilkins. . Johnston . Bennett . . Bennett. . Ritchie . . Westcott . Ritchie . . . Kelsey . Rovelstad Rovelstad Rovelstad Rovelstad Rovelstad Rovelstad Kellogg&Reed. Bennett Knapp Bennett Kellogg& Reed. D'Ooge 3 (1) Course XI Caesar: selections from the Gallic War and Civil War Composition (2 hrs. weekly) b-Special Course for those entering Col- lege with two years or less of Prep. Latin. After completing Special IV and III, the student is required to take the Regular IV Latin course. Vergil: Six books of the Aeneid, or an equivalent Prosody Grammar Composition (1 hr. weekly) Cicero: six orations, or an equivalent Study of the times Composition weekly Sight reading Caesar: four books, or an equivalent Special emphasis on grammar Prose composition weekly Vocabulary drill Beginner's Latin Stress on a solid foundation Roman life and thought. (Text, reports illustrated lectures) (a) Constitutional history (b) Art and architecture (c) Mythology (d) Private life (e) History of Roman literature (All or any number of the foregoing courses may be elected). Advanced composition (Required for a recommendation to teach Latin in secondary schools). Teacher's course. Reading of large por- tions of Caesar and Cicero. Reports, text, illustrated lectures Seneca: Moral essays and letters. Re- ports, assigned reading, illustrated lec- tures Kelsey. . Bennett . Knapp . Bennett . Ritchie . . Kelsey . . Ritchie. Kelsey. . Bennett . Bennett . D'Ooge . Granrud-Abbott Gayley Johnston-Kelsey Bender- Macail Arnold . Hurst&Whiting Rovelstad E. Peterson E. Peterson E. Peterson E. Peterson Rovelstad Rovelstad Rovelstad Rovelstad 298 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Outline of Subjects by Decades Year Class I, II, III (El). I, II, III (El). I, II, III (El). IV cl 1 1 (Special). . cIV (Special). 3 (2) Course XII. 3 (1) Course IX. Hours and Courses 3 (2) Course X. 3 (1) Course V. Course VII. 3 (2) Course VI . Subject Course VIII. 5 (1) Course III. 5 (2) Course IV. 6 (1) Course I. 6 (2) Course II ... . Christian Latin literature. Latin church fathers: selections Latin hymns: selections Reports and illustrated lectures Pliny: selected letters Study of life of early empire Illustrated lectures Poetry of the early empire Selections from Ovid, Persius, Martial Juvenal. Reports and illustrated lec- tures History: selections from Livy Grammar Composition Sight reading Roman antiquities (or) History: selections from Roman his- torians. Otherwise very similar to the foregoing course V 5 VI 5. VII 5 VIII 5 Text Maloney . Merrill. . Westcott . Westcott . Bennett. . Arnold. . . Wilkins. Poetry: A selection of Latin verse . . . Grammar, etc. continued History of Roman literature (or) Poetry: Latin Poetry from Catullus to Claudian. Otherwise very similar to foregoing course (All four courses are given to avoid having classes too large.) Cicero: selections from the orations and letters Word-building Sight reading. Prose composition Ovid, Vergil: selections from the Metamor- phoses and the Aeneid Sight reading, word-building Composition, continued Elementary Latin Caesar: selections from Gallic War Sight reading Composition Grammar c-Special course for those entering col lege with two years or less of Prep. Latin. After completing Special IV and III, the student is required to take the Regular IV Latin course. Vergil: five books of the Aeneid .... Composition weekly Grammar Prosody and sight reading. Cicero: five orations Composition weekly Grammar Sight reading Caesar: Three books Review of elements. Special emphasis on grammar Composition weekly Sight reading Beginning Latin Stress on a solid foundation for Caesar Dean & Defer- rari Vale Univ. Press Freeman . D'Ooge Kellogg & Reed Bennett . Gleason-Knapp Teacher Rovelstad Rovelstad Rovelstad Rovelstad D'Ooge . Kelsey . Bennett . Bennett . Knapp . Bennett. Bennett . Kelsey . . Bennett . Bennett. Kelsey . D'Ooge . , .Smith. Rovelstad Qua ey Qualley Nelson Talle Moe & F. E. Peterson MATHEMATICS 1862-63 1872-73 IV.... V, VI. IV. . . . II. . . . III. . . Arithmetic (200-313). Arithmetic (1-164). .. Algebra Geometry Algebra Da vies. Davies. Davies . Schmidt Schmidt Bergh & Reque Bergh & Reque INSTRUCTION 299 Outline of Subjects by Decades Year Class Hours and Courses Subject Text Teacher 1882-83 3 4 5 4 (f), 4 (w) . 4 (f),4 (vv). 5 (f),5 (w). Algebra Arithmetic Arithmetic Plane geometry Complete algebra Algebra (commenced) Elements of arithmetic (completed) Elements of arithmetic (begun) Solid geometry (combined with Class IV). Solid geometry (combined with Class III). Plane geometry 1902-03 1912-13 VI.. VII. IV.. VII. IV.. 4(1). 4 (2). 5 (f). 5 (w). 5 (s). 5 VI VII VIII I, II, III (El). I, II (El).. .. 4(l)Course I. ^ 4(2)Course II. 4 (1) 4 IV (See under subject) 3 (1 or 2) Course V 3(1 or 2) Course VI 3 (2) Course IV I, II, III (El). IV (See under- subject) 3 (1 or 2) Course III. . . . 5(1) (3 credits) Course I IV. VI (El) . VI (El) . 3 (1 or 2). Course II . 5 (1). Algebra Higher arithmetic Solid geometry Trigonometry Plane geometry Solid geometry. . . , Plane geometry Algebra Advanced arithmetic Plane trigonometry Analytic geometry Higher algebra : Plane geometry Elementary algebra Differential calculus Prerequisites, Courses II-IV Integral calculus. Prerequisite, Course V. Analytic geometry (Required of Class IV unless College Alge- bra is selected. Prerequisite, Course II) College algebra Prerequisite, Courses I-II, or equivalent . . Higher algebra (Required of those of Class IV who do not present the subject for entrance.) Plane trigonometry Prerequisite, Course I or equivalent Solid geometry (offered) Higher algebra Olney Olney Wentworth . Olney Olney Wentworth . Wentworth. Wentworth . Wentworth . Ray Phillips&Fisher. Phillips&Fisher. Wentworth Wentworth Wentworth Wentworth Wentworth Wentworth Wentworth Milne Osborne . . . Osborne ranner&Allen. Fite Hawkes,Luby& Touton Wentworth . Jacobsen (ND) & Bergh & Reque Narvesen Narvesen Narvesen Narvesen Narvesen Sheel Sheel Sheel&Bothne (w) Sheel Sheel Sheel Sheel Sheel 5heel Sheel heel Sheel Savre & Sheel Savre Savre Savre Overn Strom Strom Strom & Tryt- ten Strom & Qua. ley Sheel&Trytten VII (Rec.).. VIII (Rec). Plane geometry .... Elementary algebra. Hawkes.Luby & Touton Wentworth & Smith Milne IX VI- IX (El)... I, II, III (El) 5 (1 or 2) 3 (2) Course I. Arithmetic Commercial arithmetic (See under commercial subjects.) Surveying (Theory and practice.) requisite: Plane trigonometry) . . (Pre- Wentworth . . . . Lyons and Car- nahan Qualley O. .M. Eittreim Moe and O. M. Eittreim Evanson K. O. Eittreim Sheel MUSIC 1862-63 1872-73 IV.., I-VI. 2 hrs. weekly each year. . . 1 hr. weekly each year. . . Although music does not occupy a large place in the curriculum proper, its cultural and disciplinary value has always been clearly recognized at this institution. Al- most from the beginning, opportunities have been given for private instruction, both vocal and instrumental. Further- more, a distinctly musical atmosphere has been created by such organizations as the college bands, orchestra, choruses. Musical Union, and the Decorah Choral Union. Vocal music Vocal music. Vocal music . Schmidt N. Brandt Hanson 300 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Outline of Subjects by Decades Year 1892-93 1902-03 1921-22 Class I-VI (El) . . V, VI I-VI (El) . . V, VI I-VI (El) . . V, VI I-VIII (El). V VI VII, VIII, I-IV (El). V-VIII. . I-IX (El). Hours and Courses 2 hrs. weekly each year. . . 2 hrs. weekly each year. . . 2 hrs. weekly each year . . . 2 (1). (2) 1 hr. wkly 1 each year J 1 2 hrs. weekly each year . . . Subject Private instruction and voluntary organi- zations Vocal music Opportunity for private instruction and admission to musical organizations Vocal music Opportunity for private instruction and admission to musical organizations Vocal music Opportunity for private instruction and admission to musical organizations Rudiments of music and a fair knowledge of Lutheran hymns, history of music, and harmony Harmony Rudiments of music and a fair knowledge of Lutheran hymns, history of music, and harmony Opportunity for private instruction, both instrumental and vocal, and admission to musical organizations Text Teacher Hanson Sihler Hanson Hanson Sperati Sperati Sperati Sperati Sperati Sperati Sperati and Mrs. Moe NORSE 1862-63 1892-93 IV.... V, VI. II, III. IV, V. VI. V. . VI.. VII. 6 (s). 6 (f). 6 (f). 6 (w). Grammar Exercises in declamation Grammar Reading and analysis Dictations weekly Grammar Reader (lowest and intermediate classes) . Reading of prose and poetry (for highest classes) Composition, dictation, translation, memo- rizing in all classes (Normal Department same as in Regular IV, V, VI.) Modern authors Composition - Authors of the 19th century Composition Holberg and authors of 18th century Composition Reader Grammar Composition Reader Grammar Dictations and composition Reader Memorizing of prose and poetry Dictation exercises (No classes in normal dept. this year.) History of Norwegian literature Selections from author Prominent works read complete Lectures by instructor Essays and one lecture by each student of classes I, II, III each year. Old Norse (in classes I and II in alternate years) No detailed description given in catalog . . . No detailed description given in catalog . . . No detailed description given in catalog . . . No detailed description given in catalog . . . Bojsen . Bojsen. L0kke . Jensen . Lassen . Hagerup&Lassen L0kke Hagerup&Lassen L0kke , Eriksen and Paulsen Eriksen . Nygaard . Larsen Larsen Larsen (I-II) Landmark (III) Siewers (IV-VI) Larsen G. Bothne G. Bothne Roalkvam Roalkvam Roalkvam G. Bothne(I,II; III;I-III) Larsen (III) ? (IV) G. Bothne Krog Krog Krog Krog INSTRUCTION 301 Outline of Subjects by Decades Year Class Hours and Courses Subject Text Teacher 1902-03 VI. VII. 1912-13 r, II (EI). I, II (El). II III. 3 (f). 2 (w) , 3 (s) 3 (f), 3 (w). 2 (s) 3 6(s). 5 (f) 6 (f), 6 (w) , 2 (1) Course VII . 3 (2) Course VIII . Course IX. Course X. 2 (1) Course V. 2(2)Course VI.. 2(i)Course III 2(2) Course IV, Ibsen: Brand and Peer Gynt (Essays and lectures) Jonas Lie and other writers Composition History of literature since 1814 Wergeland and Welhaven Asbj0rnsen, Moe, and Bj0rnson Essays and lectures History of literature to 1814 .'Advanced readers The saga Folklore of Norway and Denmark Holberg: Erasmus Montanus Wessel and a few others Composition Advanced readers Selections from authors Composition Reader Orthography Reading, declamation, composition, capi- talization, punctuation, etc Reader Grammar A collection of literary models. Reading, declamation, composition, etc Reader Grammar A collection of literary models. Reading, word analysis, composition, etc Henrik Ibsen: Rise of Norwegian drama. (Four plays read) Arne Garborg: Selections Composition and critical essays Jonas Lie: Den Fremsynte and Rutland . . . Per Sivle: Sogor Hans Aanrud: Sidsel Sidsaerk J. B. Bull: Norske Folkelivsbilleder Biography of Per Sivle Development of Jonas Lie Old Norse Grammar Selections for study Erik den r0des saga Old Norse Volsungasaga Selections from Elder Edda Old Norse literature Introduction to comparative linguistics. . . See also I-II (El) Wergeland and Welhaven (Selections from their works) Biography of Wergeland Biography of Welhaven Development of the national literature. . . Rise of the nat'l romantic movement. . . . Readings from Asbj0rnsen 0stgaard, Herre, Schulze, and others. . . . Composition National- popular movement Reading from Bj0rnson, Vinje and Camilla CoUett Biography of Bj0rnson Biography of Vinje Composition Older Norwegian and Danish literature down to Holberg Peter Dass: Nordlands trompet Norwegian and Danish folksongs History of Norwegian literature Composition Danish and Norwegian literature from 1710 to 1830 (Readings from Holberg, Wessel, TuUin, Ingemann, St. Blicher, 0hlenschlaeger and others) Pauss & Lassen. Rolf sen . G. Bothne G. Bothne G. Bothne G. Bothne Pauss & Lassen Aars Pauss & Lassen Hofgaard Jensen Pauss & Lassen. Hofgaard Jensen . Jaeger . Hovden . Garborg . Nygaard . Haegstad. & Torp. Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset Lassen . L0chen. Gran . . Bars . . . Collin. Vislie . Hofgaard-Bing Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset Gjerset 302 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Outline of Subjects by Decades Year Class IV. VI.. VII. VIII. El. .. El... El. El. El. R(not later than III) R(not later than III) VII. VIII. Hours and Courses 2 (1) Course I. 2 (2) Course II. 1 (1), 2 (2). 5 (1 or 2) . . . Course IX. . Ml or 2)... Course VIII . ? (1 or 2).., Course VII , HI or 2)., Course VI . i (1 or 2). Course V. ? (1 or 2). Course IV ? (1 or 2). Course III i (1) Course I . 4 (2) Course II Subject Grammar and composition. Norse mythology Volsungernes Saga Selections from Elder Edda Grammar and composition History of Norway until 1319 Harald Haarf agres Saga Reader, (fourth part) (Reading, declamation) Reader, (third part) composition (Reading, declamation, composition First Year Norse, completed Orthography (Declamation, reading, composition) etc. . First Year Norse, begun (Reading, grammar, composition), etc. . . . Study of the Norwegian people in America since 1000 Study of Modern writers (Jonas Lie, Garborg, Hamsun, Bull, Aan- rud, Lagerl0f, and others) Ibsen: rise of Norwegian drama Ibsen: four plays Biography of Ibsen Mational — popular movement Bj0rnson, Vinje, Camilla CoUett Biography of Bj0rnson History of Norway 1850-1914 Rise of Norwegian literature Selections from Wergeland and Welhaven Biography of Wergeland Biography of Welhaven Selections from Asbj0rnsen, Moe, Land- stad, Aasen, and others History of Norwegian literature History of Norway 1800-1850 The middle period Norse folk-songs and folk-tales Readings from Holberg, Wessel, TuUin. . History of Norway- Union with Denmark. Essays and written reports Early Norse literature /olsungasaga, Olaf Trygvasons saga. Elder Edda History of Norwegian literature Early Norwegian history Essays and written reports Grammar and language study Beginner's book in Norse Reading and language study Bj0rnson: Synn0ve Solbakken Hans Aanrud: Sidsel Sidsaerk Jonas Lie: Stories and poems Composition Courses I and II prerequsite to all other courses in Norse. Synn0ve Solbakken Boken om Norge, III and V Orthography Reading, declamation, composition Beginner's book Boken om Norge, I Grammar, declamation, composition Text Platou.Aars & Hof gaard . . Kjaer. Ulleland Raabe . Rolf sen . Rolf sen . Michelet . . T0nnessen . Michelet . Jaeger, Hell r. Collin. . Gjerset . Gran . . Lassen . L0chen. Hofgaard . Gjerset . . . Gjerset . Hofgaard . Gjerset . . . Holvik.. Flom. . . Dorrum . Juul-T0nnessen Holvik '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Teacher Gjerset Hilleboe Hilleboe Hilleboe Hilleboe Gjerset Gjerset jjerset jjerset Gjerset ijerset Hovde Hovde 3. S. Reque S. S. Reque PENMANSHIP 8j 2-63 1872-73 1882-83 IV 1 V, VI V 1 1 VI 2 V 2 VI 2 Penmanship . Penmanship . Penmanship . Penmanship . Penmanship . Penmanship . Spencer . Spencer . Schmidt Schmidt Siewers Siewers Valder Valder INSTRUCTION 303 Outline of Subjects by Decades Year Class Hours and Courses Subject Text Teacher 1892-93 VII.. . 2 Penmanship Sihler-H.Reque 1902-03 VII 2 Penmanship Olson 1912-13 1921-22 V-IX (El) 2 or 3 Penmanship Palmer K. O. Eittreim PHILOSOPHY 1862-63 1872-73 1882-83 1892-93 1902-03 1912-13 1921-22 I, II Not given . Not given . Not given . I, II (El).. I, II (El),. 1 Elements of logic. Whately. J. D. Jacobsen 4 (2 Course III History of philosophy Weber. 3 (1) Course III History of philosophy Thilly. Tingelstad Tingelstad PHYSICAL TRAINING 1862-63 Although physical training is not given a prominent place in the curriculum, still the College has always recognized the value and need of the development of the body. This need is partly met by the various voluntary athletic organizations. At the same time, for very many years some class work in gymnastics has been re- quired. In 1920-21 the following coaches had charge of the athletic teams; College: Football, O. M. Solem. Basketball, R. A. Movold. Baseball, A. Laudel. Preparatory: Football, Basketball, Baseball; Pro- fessors O. W. Qualley, S. S. Reque and M. W. Larsen. In 1921-22 the following coaches; College: Football, Basketball, Track — Director Ivan Doseff; Turning — Prof. F. E. Peterson; Baseball— Prof. S. S. Reque. Preparatory: Football, Basketball, Baseball— Prof. Qualley. 1872-73 1882-83 1892-93 I- IV 2 hrs. weekly each year. . . . 2 hrs. weekly each year. . . . 2 (w) each year Gymnastics V-VII. Sihler I- IV Sihler 1902-03 Gymnastics Olson V-VII 1913-14 1921-22 I, II (El) Doseff Ill, IV 3 Physical Training Doseff PHYSICS 1862-63 1872-73 1882-83 1892-93 1902-03 1912-13 V. . V. . I, II (El) 5 (f),5 (w).... 5 4 (1) Physics Physics and physical geography Mechanics of solids and fluids Lectures, recitations, laboratory work. (Prerequisites: trigonometry and an- alytic geometry) \ppleton Wentworth & Hill Duff Sheel Sheel Course I 304 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Outline of Subjects by Decades Year 1912-13 1921-22 Class V I-IV (El). MV I, II (EI). I, II (El).. V, VI (El). Hours and Courses 4 (2) Course II 4 (1) Course III. 4 (2) Course IV. 4 (1).... Course I . 4 (2).... 3 (1 or 2).. Course III. 3 (1 or 2).. Course IV. 5 Subject Heat, magnetism, and electrostatics Special attention to laboratory work. Recitations and lectures. (Prerequi- site, Course I) Electrol^inetics and radioactivity (Prerequisite, Course II) Sound and light Laboratory work, recitations (Prerequisite, Course I) Elementary physics Class-work, 3 regular hours Laboratory work, 1 double hour Mechanics, heat and sound Lectures, recitation, laboratory work. (Prerequisite, trigonometry) Magnetism, electricity, and light as in I, with lantern demonstrations. (Prereq- uisite, Course I) The alternating current circuit Text and Laboratory manual (Prerequisites: Courses, Physics I-II.. Math. V-VI.) Radioactivity (Prerequisites; Physics I-II; Math. V-VI). Elementary Physics Laboratory hours double Text Duff. Duff, buff! Carhart&Chute Reed&Guth. . . Dodge . Rutherford . Milliken & Gale Teacher Overn Overn Overn Overn Trytten Trytten Trytten Trytten O. M. Eittreim PSYCHOLOGY 1862-63 1872-73 1882-83 1892-93 1902-03 1912-13 1921-22 I, II (El). I, II (El). 1, II (El). 3 (1) Course II. 3 (2) Course I.. 3 (1 or 2).. Course III. 3 (1 or 2).. Psychology in its relation t (education. . . Introductory psychology. Lectures, ex- periments, reports Applied psychology Various texts and experiments. uisite: Course I Educational psychology Prereq- Harris, Bagley. . Yerkes, James. . Hollingworth & Poffenberger. . n. III (El or Required) Course II ... . 3 (1 or 2) Course IV. . , . 3 (1 or 2) Course I Courses I-VII. Readings, lectures, experiments Psychology of religion Text books, questionnaires, reports, lectures Introductory psychology experiments, re- ports In 1922-23 the following offered: I. Intro- ductory psychology; II. Advanced psy- chology; III. Educational psychology- psych, of learning; or: IV. Educational psychology-psych, of study; or: V. Edu- cational psychology-psych, measure- ments; or: VI. Educational psychology- psych, of religion; or: VII. Educational psychology-psych, of high .school subjects Starch, Wood- row, Poffenber- ger, Terman . . Breese . Tingelstad Tingelstad Norlie Norli Norlie Norlie SOCIOLOGY 1S62-6 1S72-7 1882-8 1892-0 190^-0' 1912-13 1921-22 1, 11 (El) 3 (1 or 2) Introduction to Sociology (General outliiie and selected problems) . . . Eliwood Ncrlie INSTRUCTION 305 Outline of Subjects by Decades Year Class Hours and Courses Subject Text Teacher I... I, II. 3 (1 or 2) . 3 (1 or 2). 3 Educational Sociology (See under Psychology and education). Applied Psychology Chancellor, Smith . . . . Norlie (See under Psychology and education . . . In 1922-23 the following offered: History and theory of statistics Hollingsworth & Poffenberger Norlie Norlie SURVEYING 1862-63 1872-73 1882-83 1892-93 1902-03 1912-13 1921-22 I, 11,111 (El)... 3 (2) Course I Surveying Sheel SMOOTH SAILING 306 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS V. CLOCK HOURS /. Distribution of Clock Hours by Subjects in the Preparatory and College Departments. First ■Semester, 1921-22 (A student clock hour is the time spent by one student in one period of class-work per week.) COLLEGE DEPARTMENT Department Student Clock Hours Total Biology 36 Chemistry 236 Christianity 273 Economics 45 Education 174 English 381 French 12 German 306 Greek 333 Hebrew 6 History 258 Latin 451 Mathematics 194 Music (Harmony) 6 Norwegian 176 Philosophy : 51 Physics 66 Psychology Ill Total 3115 PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT Department Student Clock Hours Total Christianity '. 156 Citizenship 105 Commercial 135 Enghsh 365 German 65 History 255 Latin 355 Mathematics 335 Music 96 Norwegian 150 Science 177 Total 2194 2 Distribution of Teaching Load by Clock Hours First Semester, 1921-22 Teacher Subjects Total Student Clock Hours EITTREIM, K. O Bookkeeping, Typewriting, Shorthand, Christianity 195 21 hrs. Prep. College Treasurer. EITTREIM, O. M Geometry, General Science, Physics 302 26 hrs. Prep. EVANSON, C. N Arithmetic, History, English 365 24 hrs. Prep. GJERSET, KNUT History, Norwegian 255 18 hrs. College. HOVDE, B. J History, Norwegian 179 10 hrs. College. Acting Dean of Men MOE, L. A Algebra, Latin 235 15 hrs. Prep. Principal Prep. Dept. NELSON, D. T English, Cicero 334 15 hrs. Prep. 4 hrs. College. NORLIE, O. M Christianity, Education, Hebrew, Psychology 301 16 hrs. College. OLSON, O. L English 195 President of College. 9 hrs. College. PETERSON, F. E Commercial Geography, German, Latin 290 15 hrs. Prep. 7 hrs. College. QUALLEY, O. W Latin, Higher Algebra 263 10 hrs. Prep. 12 hrs. College. INSTRUCTION 307 REQUE, S. S Citizenship, Norse, English, French 362 20 hrs. Prep. 4 hrs. College. ROVELSTAD, A. M Latin 313 18 hrs. College. SHEEL, H. W Chemistry 236 17 hrs. College. SIHLER, W German, Greek 323 18 hrs. College. SPERATI. C. A Old Testament, Music, Harmony 178 10 hrs. Prep. 1 hr. College. Director of Musical Organizations. STROM, C. W Greek, Mathematics 283 18 hrs. College. TALLE, H. O Grammar, Caesar, Economics, Public Speaking (English), . . . 197 10 hrs. Prep. 9 hrs. College. TINGELSTAD, O. A. . . .Christianity, Education, Philosophy 314 15 hrs. College. Registrar. TRYTTEN, M. H Biology, Mathematics, Physics 189 18 hrs. College. Total ' . . 5309 Distribution of Time hy Percentages First Semester, 1921-22 No. Person Admi- nistra- tion Ath- letics Li- brary Main- tenance Music Teaching College Prep. 1 Eittreim, K. O Eittreim. O. M .16 .84 9 1 00 3 1 00 4 1.00 .56 5 Hovde. B. J .44 6 1.00 7 Moe, L. A " Nelson, D. T .40 .60 8 .27 1.00 .50 .39 .63 .16 1.00 1.00 1.00 .06 1.00 .56 .83 1.00 .73 9 Norlie, O. M 10 Olson, O. L .50 On leav 11 12 Peterson, E. E Peterson, F. E e of abs ence. .61 13 Qualley, O. W.- .37 14 Reque, S. S .84 15 Rovelstad, A. M 16 Sheel, N. W 17 Sihier, W 18 .54 .40 19 Strom, C. W. . . . 20 Talle, H. O .44 21 Pingelstad, O. A Trytten, M. H. . .17 22 23 Doseff, I 1.00 24 1.00 1.00 25 (Nurse) Sperati, K. Marie (Stenographer) 26 1.00 27 (Library Ass't.) 1.00 1.00 1.00 28 Oyloe, H. 29 28 Total 3.67 1.00 2.00 3.00 .54 10.96 6.83 308 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS VI. Accreditation The curriculum which has been described in the foregoing pages of this chapter has been favorably recognized by many of the leading universities in the country, in which graduates from Luther College not only have been accepted for graduate work along the lines in which they previously had majored but also have, in many instances, attained distinction. Luther College has for many years been on the approved list of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. This recogni- tion was in 1921 confirmed by another agency of national promin- ence, namely, the General Education Board, whose representatives after an examination of the institution reported a very favorable impression. In fact, a careful investigation of the instruction at Luther College from its foundation to the present time shows that the qualities which have been given special recognition by such prominent authorities have characterized the institution through- out the sixty years of its history. DUNNING SPRINGS CHAPTER FOURTEEN STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS Carl W. Strom I. Literary Societies THAT Luther College men have always been deeply interested in literary work is abundantly testified to by the large number of societies which they have organized for its promotion during the last sixty years. It is not merely accidental that Luther College has the tradition that every student should belong to at least one literary society. It is rather a result of the intense in- terest which the students of successive years have taken in this branch of work. However, enthusiasm for society work has not been at the same level at all times. From 1879 on, a revival of interest has taken place at approximately ten-year intervals, each successive revival being definitely discernible by the number of societies or- ganized while the tide of enthusiasm was at its height. The revival in 1879 ended what may be called the "first period" in literary society work at Luther and ushered in the Students' Union, Niffelheim, Muspelheim, and Addison, four societies which for ten years held the literary interest of the College in a peculiar way. The next revival, in 1889, was a result of tlie decline of the first three of the above mentioned societies, and ushered in the "third period" of this history, which started when Irving and Amphictyonic took their place as the controlling societies in the College Department, a position which they have held now for thirty years. A new revival came in 1899 and another again in 1909, but at each of these times the existing societies were too strongly in- trenched in their positions to be materially affected, and in 1919 the war had so far absorbed the attention of the student body as to force the literary societies temporarily into the background. The year 1922 will probably mark the opening of a "fourth period", as it seems certain that the material increase in the student body which has taken place during the last year or two will call for a number of new societies and force Irving and 310 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Amphictyonic to divide the field which has been theirs for so many years. The first literary society at the College can lay claim to being older than the institution itself. The Clio Society was founded in St. Louis, Mo., on March 5, 1860, and was reorganized in De- corah on September 16, 1862. The Clio held weekly meetings devoted to speeches, essays, declamations, and debates. English was the official language of the society, and in debate no other language was permitted. That English was not exactly the mother tongue for all of the members may be judged from the following extract from the record dated September 26, 1862: "During the debate the critic was not idle, all though willing to confess that he is unable to critticise fully, yet he had more work than he could dispose of. Some of the speakers used such corrupt and awkward language, that it made it entirely impossable to correct any of it." The fact, however, that English was chosen as the official language of the society is in itself significant. The debates in the Clio were carried out with six or eight speakers on each side. One of them was the "chief disputant", and opened the debate. The rest followed in order, each one speaking as often as he wished, but usually not more than ten minutes at one time. Religious and political questions were ruled out, but this did not deprive the members of subjects on which to sharpen their wits. The comparative influence of love of money and education, the comparative usefulness of steam and the com- pass, the desirability of having an egg to-day or a chicken to- morrow, these subjects and many more similar ones were debated in the Clio. The decision was given by one member who was selected to act as judge at each meeting. Thus we find that on January 20, 1866, the question: "Resolved, that the Negroes have suffered more than the Indians," was decided " in favor of the affirmative by Stub." In other respects, as far as the conduct of the society and the election of officers is concerned, the Clio was not greatly different from the societies at Luther at the present day. The Hetaeria Society, founded in 1863 as the Unit, but changed to the Hetaeria in 1866, resembled the Clio very closely. Except for the fact that it conducted its meetings in the Norwegian lan- guage, there were but few details to distinguish it from the earlier society. No record of the Clio is found after September 26, 1866, nor of the Hetaeria after November 1, 1870. STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 311 A group of Norwegian societies — Saga, founded January 28, 1866; Edda, founded October 23, 1866; and Minde, or Ygdrasil, founded November 7, 1868 — next claim our attention. Each one of these societies contributed its share toward the de- velopment of sixty years of literary society tradition at Luther College. Saga, besides carrying on the regular literary society work, interested itself in preserving the best speeches, essays, and poems that were delivered at its meetings. These were entered in the "Inseratprotokol", which, as handed down in the college li- brary, contains many articles of sufficient merit to justify their publication in book form. The journals which became a regular institution with the literary societies of later years were doubtless copied in idea from the Saga "Inseratprotokol". The last entry in this interesting journal was made on December 16, 1870. The Edda was an exclusively Norwegian debating society, but branched out into at least two new fields. First, together with the introduction of a treasurer into its official family, it levied ten or fifteen cents yearly on all of its members for the purchase of newspapers such as "Skandinaven" and "Den Nye Lutherske Kirketidende fra Norge". Secondly, through the winter of 1870- 71, it published its own paper, "Fluen", which is treated more ex- tensively later in this chapter. Edda held no recorded meeting after January 25, 1879. Minde, whose name was changed to Ygdrasil on October 16, 1872, was evidently the most flourishing society at the College up to this time. It was the first society to bring up for discussion the rule barring political questions as subjects for debate, a rule which had been in vogue in all the societies up to this time. Ygdrasil did not depart from the tradition either, but should probably be cred- ited with being the first society seriously to suggest the change. Ygdrasil's record ends with the meeting of January 22, 1877, but there is no reason to believe that the society did not flourish for at least a year after that date. Franklin, whose first regular meeting was held November 11, 1871, was active in more fields than any of the societies which had preceded it. For eight years it conducted weekly debates, gave public programs, and participated in inter-society debates ; its reading room contained many of the leading secular and re- ligious papers in English, Norwegian, and German; and on Oc- tober 4, 1876, its representatives met with those of Edda and Ygdrasil to organize the Students' Union. Franklin came to its end January 18, 1879. 312 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS The revival of interest mentioned above came in the years im- mediately preceding 1880. Franklin, Ygdrasil, Saga, and Edda had just come to their end or were about to do so shortly. Close in their wake came seven new societies. Scarcely anything but the name is known concerning four of them, Losna, Nordstierna, Det Norske Selskab, and Normannalaget. Det Norske Selskab is mentioned as being active in 1883-84, but is not heard of after that school year. Normannalaget was the first of three societies THE SEVENTEENTH OF MAY, 1875 by that name which have existed at the College. Breidablik ran its course during the two years from October 2, 1880, to March 26, 1882. Osseo's existence was almost equally confined, extend- ing from October 4, 1879, to November 5, 1881, but in that short time it introduced an important innovation in allowing political questions in its debates, its very first debate, decided in favor of the affirmative, being on woman suffrage. Addison, founded October 10, 1879, was the only society re- sulting from the revival which enjoyed more than a very tempor- ary growth. At the time "Chips" was started it was the only liter- ary society at the College, and prospered in almost full posses- sion of the field until the next revival of enthusiasm, in 1890, STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 313 struck it in the vitals and forced it to unite with Irving to pre- serve itself. Its journal, the "Spectator", still remains in Irving. The decade from 1880 to 1890 was in many ways peculiar as regards the situation in the literary societies at the College. Ad- dison was purely a literary society. However, several other or- ganizations, which were not literary societies in the present sense of the word, played a prominent part during those years. The first of these was the Students' Union. It was organized on October 4, 1876, by a council composed of members from Ed- da, Ygdrasil, and Franklin, for the purpose of generalising the CAMPUS EMHAiNCE IN THE OLDEN DAYS work of the literary societies and particularly for the purpose of giving public entertainments. Since meetings were held only once every five weeks, each program was carried out on a rather ambi- tious scale. Besides speeches, essays, declamations, and debates, dramatizations of plays by the Dramatic Club were included in its programs. The "Journal" soon became famous among the students. Dependent at first on the member literary societies, it was organized separately in the spring of 1884. The record of the Students' Union is not in the college library, but its meetings are mentioned with more or less frequency in "Chips" until 1903, after which no more is heard from it. Niffelheim, whose palmiest days were within the decade under consideration, was one of the most unique institutions the College has ever fostered. Organized in 1874 as a smokers' club with rooms in the old "Chicken Coop", it developed into a great "re- 314 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS public" to which no small number of Luther's most illustrious sons have belonged. Nor was Niffelheim any mean antagonist in liter- ary work. Debates, orations, essays, poems, and mock trials, all were brought to a high state of perfection in the "republic". Many of the productions from the pens of its members have been preserved in the "Journal", and it is a positive treat to be given the opportunity of reading the brilliant productions found there. But Niffelheim with its murky atmosphere was doomed by the "powers that be", and since 1888 it has been nothing but a mem- ory. Muspelheim was founded in 1879 as an opposition society to Niffelheim. It was and is a distinguished organization in several PliTRINE AND JAKOBINE USED TO SERVE AFTER- NOON COFFEE ways. It has undoubtedly numbered more Luther College men on its membership rolls than any other organization at Luther, in- cluding even the boarding club, whose senior it is by almost twenty years. It is by far the oldest student organization which has ever existed at the College. But it does not demand respect for its gray hairs alone. It has uniformly been the most prosperous or- ganization on the campus, even the Athletic Association having at times been among its debtors. In days past it was noted for "essays, brilliant speeches, and magnificent festivals". On the point of going to pieces in 1884, it was revivified, and continued its feasts on Washington's birthday for almost twenty years more. For almost another twenty years it has been distinctly a reading society, cooperating with the library in furnishing to the students all the desirable American magazines besides many for- STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 315 eign ones. In this latter role, it has probably been the largest single contributor to the college library. Muspelheim almost met its end in the excitement of 1918 and 1919, but in 1920 it was reorganized and is now again flourishing. Irving and Amphictyonic have held the lead in literary society work for the "third period" of thirty years. The histories of both of these societies have been written so well and so often that only a short note will be given each of them here. Irving, organized in 1884, was a continuation of Amicitia, or- ganized in 1882. In 1892 it united with Addison, and it is then that its real history begins. Its journal, the old "Amicitiae Opera", was changed in 1892 to the "Spectator" and is still is- sued at irregular intervals. Lowell and Proceedo, both organized in 1890, united on Jan- uary 30, 1891, under the name Amphictyonic Literary Society. On account of bitter inter-society rivalries, the new society was hard pressed in its first years, but it overcame all difficulties and last year celebrated its thirtieth anniversary. The early rivalry between Irving and Amphictyonic has con- tinued, although, at least in later years, in a thoroughly beneficial way, each one spurring the other on to use its best efforts in all its work, whether it be in the annual inter-society debate or in the annual public program or even in the annual "feast". The work of these two societies has been of inestimable value to the College, and will in all likelihood continue to be so for many years to come. Not all the societies of the early nineties fared so well as Irv- ing and Amphictyonic. Hamill, organized to promote oratory and extemporaneous speaking, existed only through the years 1891 and 1892. Only the approximate dates are known for a number of others: Concordia, 1890-93; Minerva, October 23, 1891, to May 8, 1893; Webster, 1891-93; Athenian, 1892-94. Normannalaget, organized December 21, 1892, was for many years the foremost Norwegian literary societj'^ at the College and was dropped only when most of its members left school for the national service in 1917 and 1918. One of its most important activities was the collection of a fair-sized library, consisting mostly of Norwegian literature and history. This has now been transferred to the general library. Two attempts to organize a new Normannalaget in 1920 and 1921 came to naught after a few meetings. In the revival of the late nineties no lasting societies were formed. The Philomathean was disbanded on May 8, 1897, after 316 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS a year or two of activity. The Sextonian, the Demosthenian, and the Platonian were all societies of 1898-99. Mj0lner was a college Norwegian society organized February 23, 1907. It suffered the fate of Normannalaget in 1917 and 1918 and has not been revived. Idun, organized as an English literary society in the Prepar- atory Department in 1907, has been active up to the present time. Norr0na, a Preparatory Department Norwegian society, was or- ganized in 1911 and was active for four years. THE COLLEGE'S FIRST DEBATING TEAM, 1904 A. T. Felland M E. Fretheim T. A. Hoff II. Study Societies A number of clubs organized for special study have existed at the College. The Shakespearean Club was organized among the members of the Junior class in February, 1885, for the purpose of study- ing Shakespeare's dramas. The Stenographic Club was organized in December, 1885, for the purpose of continuing a course in shorthand which had been given for a part of the term and was about to be dropped from the curriculum. A faculty member was in charge of the instruc- tion in this club. The German Speaking Association was also evidently organ- ized in 1885, since its demise is lamented in "Chips" for May, 1886. The Drawing Club was organized in February, 1887, as a continuation of a class in drawing which had been conducted as a part of the regular curriculum in the earlier part of the year. A Volapuk Club for the study of "Volapuk", a universal language, was organized in December, 1887. "Chips" for that STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 317 month reports it as being only three days old, but prophesies that it will be older in a "year or two". The Chemistry Club was organized in May, 1901, ostensibly for the purpose of stimulating interest in the study of that sci- ence, but it was secretly suspected of making diamonds. The Luther College Sunday Association is classed here as it grew out of a Bible study class started by Rev. I. B. Torrison in the F. N. E. L. Sunday School in 1901. The association was formally organized at the College in 1903. Meetings are held Sunday afternoons, alternate meetings being devoted to lectures by professors or visitors and the discussion in a frank and open manner of existing student ills. A faculty member officiates in the capacity of leader. Dr. Oscar L. Olson was for seven years the leader; after him the leaders have been: Prof. T. E. Thomp- son, Dr. S. C. Ylvisaker, and Prof. O. A. Tingelstad, the present incumbent. Besides its important services to the student body, the Sunday Association should receive credit for having launched the Young People's Association of the Synod in 1906 and for entertaining the i>utheran Students' Union Convention in a three- day session, March 8 to 10, 1922. The P. A. Munch Historical Society was organized on Febru- ary 11, 1903, at the suggestion of Dr. K. Gjerset, who was also its first president. It included both faculty members and students in the College Department in its membership. Meetings were devoted to lectures by the professors of the College or by vis- itors, historical topics being the uniform choice of the speakers. Historical study by the students was encouraged, the best of their papers being published in the historicals department of "Chips". From April 12, 1909, to November 18, 1910, the so- ciety wais inactive while Dr. Gjerset was absent in Norway, but on his return the work was resumed and the northwest corner room of the second floor of the Main Building was fitted up as a society room, where a fair library was also collected. Since 1915 no reg- ular meetings have been held, and the library has been added to the general library. The Inter-Collegiate Debating Association was organized in February, 1903, with Irving and Amphictyonic as member so- cieties. It has had charge of promoting all the inter-collegiate debates of the College. In 1902 the Southern Wisconsin Luther College Club offered a prize of $25 for the best oration delivered by a student at the College. The following year two prizes of $25.00 each were offered for the best orations in English and Norwegian. This 318 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS offer has been repeated each year since 1903. In 1913 the Lu- ther College Oratorical Association was organized and affiliated with the state association. Since that time the winner of the local English contest has represented the College in the eastern divisional contest, competing for the right to participate in the state contest. Luther participated in the state contest for the first time in 1922, when Oscar Rem, '24, under the able tutelage of Prof. H. O. Talle, won a place in the eastern divisional con- test at Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. The state contest was held at Lu- ther College in 1920. III. Publications In the field of journalism Luther College students have been no less active than in literary society work. "Moderlandet" was the name of the first student publication at Luther College. It was edited by H. G. Stub and K. Nordgaard, and was a bi-weekly, four-page, hand-written, foolscap folder, costing twenty-five cents for a half-year. A page of the second number is preserved in the college museum. "Mamalandet" was the name of a rival publication edited, in 1866, by K. Bj0rgo. Neither "Mamalandet" nor "Ridderen uden Frygt og Dadel" have been preserved. Two other early publications, both of which have been preserved, are "Fluen" and "Svein Uraed". "Fluen", of the same form and period of issue as "Moderlandet", was the official organ of Edda debating society. Ten numbers were is- sued, or rather "written", during the winter of 1869-70, N. Chris- tensen, '71, acting as editor. Of a similar make-up was "Svein Uraed", edited by M. Koefod under the business management of H. A. Bergh during the winter of 1871-72. "Gjallarhorn" was issued by Niffelheim one winter during the later seventies. The first number of "College Chips" appeared in January, 1884. The first numbers were issued semi-monthly, but since January, 1887, they have appeared once a month. The first board of editors consisted of E. O. Hove, O. K. Fuglei, O. M. Kalheim, George Markhus, and J. A. Ness, with M. O. Aubolee as business manager. The first editor of the Norwegian department was T. O. Tolo. In form it was originally six and one-half by nine and one-half inches, but the size was changed on January 1, 1885, to seven and one-half by ten and one-half inches, and again in Jan- uary, 1905, it was changed to its present size of six and one-half by nine inches. The first issues of "Chips" were of twelve pages. The size has been gradually increased to forty-eight pages, which is the present size, although it did for a few years include sixty- STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 319 four pages. The present average circulation is 900 copies. Or- iginally an all-English magazine, "Chips" had a Norwegian de- partment from January, 1885, to December, 1889. From De- cember, 1889, to April, 1897, it was published alternately in the English and Norwegian languages. Since April, 1897, it has been all English. "Chips" has experienced various turns of fortune in its thirty-seven years of existence. Twice it has been on the rocks, in 1890, and again in 1916, but both times the storm has been weathered. For its columns it has uniformly commanded the best talent of the College and has at the same time been the object of the careful attention of the members of the English department, to whom all honor is due for keeping "Chips" at a high standard of excellence. — "Valeat Quantum Valere Potest !" "Let it pass for what it's worth !" "Ervingen" was first issued in May, 1908, as a 48-page quart- erly, six by eight and one-half inches in size. The Norwegian language was used throughout. It was discontinued in June, 1913, due to lack of financial support, but during its short life it gave many of the students a chance to try their hand at writing lite»'- ary Norwegian. Its first board of editors consisted of Finn Magelssen, Thomas A. Haugen, Alfred Halvorson, Bernhard Rosenqvist, and Olaf Gaarder, with Olaf Tufte and Charles A. Fritz as business managers. The "Luther College Semi-Centennial", dedicated to Dr. Laur. Larsen, was issued by the Junior class in 1911. It was a 256- page book, seven and one-half by ten and one-half inches. Enoch E. Peterson was the editor-in-chief and Britton Burtness the business manager. The second "Annual" of the College was issued in 1920 by the class of 1921, with Elmer S. Eid as editor-in-chief and Olaf G. Malmin as business manager. It was a 224-page book, seven and three-quarters by ten and three-quarters inches. At the sug- gestion of Dr. K. Gjerset, the annual was called the "Pioneer", since Luther College was the pioneer institution of our Church. The second issue of the "Pioneer" is at present being pre- pared for the press by the class of 1924, Oscar Rem acting as editor-in-chief and George C. Henriksen, Jr., acting as business manager. It will be dedicated to the late honored President C. K. Preus. The latest journalistic venture of the student body was the "Campus News", a single sheet five and one-half by eight and one-half inches printed on the "Luther College Press", a small hand-power machine owned by Prof. K. O. Eittreim. "Campus 320 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS News" was published by the Athletic Association, Arthur C. Paul- son editor, and George C. Henriksen, Jr., business manager. Twenty numbers were issued during the winter of 1921-22. Two were four-page issues, the first one issued during the sixtieth an- niversary celebration and the second at the time of the Lutheran Students' Union Convention. The first of these two reported the St. Olaf-Luther football game in print 35 minutes after the end of the game. DUGWAY ALONG THE UPPER IOWA IV. The Luther College Boarding Club The Norwegian Synod, at its meeting at La Crosse, Wisconsin, in 1896, gave the students at Luther College permission to form their own boarding club. The club was organized June 16, 1896, with H. J. Wein as manager; C. M. Hallanger, secretary; Oscar A. Strom, treasurer; Ola Ordal, buyer; and Christian Thompson, J. M. Peterson, and K. M. Hagestad as directors. Board the first year was furnished at $1.30 a week. In 1900-01 it was $1.60 a week; in 1910-11, $2.48 a week; in 1920-21, $3.86 a week; and in 1921-22 it averaged about $3.70 a week. Up to 1916 the basement of the Main Building provided a dining room. In that year the boarding club erected Loyalty Hall, a description of which may be found in another chapter. STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 321 s PQ 1 • ■ d Oca c a, 4-1 u +J Oh 1-1 c c lis 1 Wfi 1 ^^ EW 5h^ So. S 3 EH 4 E CD M (U E D "3 o C n c C c m U : ■ >. Ill ^ . caX< 6<6 ■ c • c SI d>- 1 1 c • ; M ; C n • c c »- a, c < 1 X) 1- c •a • : u . . (fl . . cfl c • M S . •0 M . ^ 3 OJ ° CB C ^dw 00 13 c o 3 St' c c 'C c t- c c c c 1 c c 0) w J c u V d c u V d ■ c el 3r sic E W 00 (1, <; H C ■& a U a. d 0. a. C c • ■ 3 '■ J3 ■ . >—> ■ •0 : ^ : < : •d 01 oJ z z z u o w 03 a; M C x; o 0. < c < X c C c 1 2 cc X C < d OT3 E 1- nJ t« c V •a c < cti a) a! cd d c nj c t- ■•a ; 01 dJo^ c a: s d IV M 3 ca W d '■5 W > C C c c a C c < c < a C C c U 11 E c c c a )- c > c A! oq >> > < > < 0^ U Q 1= c E ii 5E 0. a! ■a d d C c c rt E •c "c > c c c c c < c z c c 'il c f- E c 2 1 f E : : i c ca . EW (5h^ 00 00 c < c a! "1 00 00 OC 00 -M — > d 00 00 00 00 00 t^ 00 00 00 00 00 00 c> 00 0< 0^ OC 322 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS M C ffl •Si -BO Wc/ji-i odd J. A. Moldstad A. M. Buslee S. M.Orwoll C. Anderson -a OJ <•< 3 JO 01 -C 01 c K< 13 01 ol 01 s c — 01 o^ w£d ■d 01 OJ C" oj oTS w^o w£d o Jn ol Q ii-a c £oS JvOO- 3 O f^o§ >^d(£ c o Is ^.^ J.a •d • 3 • _rt ; c '. ttj . m • d : < c" o o H c o *c o H J ^^ O OJ dS J Q O c/i d d 2 d 0) o -d oi 00 Oj ■a ol 00 oi % X) oi 0) bo m K i, 1 n! a; 0) > 2 00 0] c u (U H d o a B o O g a E o s: H o c o a E o H u J3 O 00 13 u o J -a E .d BE dl c c 'I a. c . i-iCA 1 o > c X M 01 d oii EW OJ ol > CH i- 00 01 c 01 >. <^ • c ; 3 OJ. : 3 : : :S : : 2= >. — fcdoa . ^•^ ■ ■ 0|< : 00 < k s U fc O w c o a; u V '> d 1-4 u .i! '> 01 X d "3 3 O o c C OJ > 2 3 ol < 2 3 • ^ : »-< ol . kJ . < : 2 : 3 c oi E o 2 H m M C o d 1^? , T3 3 C 0) c S XI M C d C C a: 2 "1 c 00 C d 0.£ .SO OJ d (L . a. i-;>X ffid. (u d ^^ 0) . X • Wffi S 3X1C5 0h o.i > a: V o < ^o[S Sdn^ dJ 13 T3 0. eg ^^ OK dc 01 •d a. 0) 0. W< dffi ' OJ dec c bj 2 c/- 1 >- o: > c d E XC X c _0 > ffl > 5 c c X c <; bl 1 d oi c ?^ ^^ do o •5 W 6 3 c C/5 d ■a 01 S 3 o d 0) 3 cr a; 1—1 J 6 E E 01 > "e O ui d Xi E W d s 00 o! 2 t/} u 01 u O E o < 6 00 00 <^5 c '5 % 1- c 2 1 2t o- oc c "S 1 c 2 1 On w S2t 1 c r '5 c 2 1 5-^ 2t 1 oc c '5 a. c 2 1 2t 1 STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 323 3 03 i-iOhK- 3 - 42 3 ffl'd m C Ol C ni ■M C 3^; ca'- dc D. G. Jacobson A. Drotning N. F. Maakesta C. I. Sauer 3 "d c hi d-^i^ c df^ 1-ii- XI c 3 00 Jd 'a oot 6. o pa < d g 3 o d c o ta J d d C 3 1 < < ^ • u ■ B : m ■ d : X : g "3 n o n E o H M H 3 .s; o w X 01 o d 3 O 1—) 3 g 3 O 3 : 01 ■ l-J ■ ■ > : s ; E : M O cq ca 5 E _3 > d 3 g I d _ca ta ta m J 3 % O < 3 ca Q K d >. ■ .§ : to 3 ■ J3 . O . >— 1 . d : "ca o ■J 3 c c I 0. 01 c h ■ c ■ c " 1- ■ 0, M la Wl ^ ^^ pa"^ ■d c ttJ C ■ h < c Oc/j 3 gEf Xbi •H ca ca 00 01 -t-l ^ Oh d CU ta c 013: "> X C 3 • O ; ^01 ta'g cfld • 3 01 c T3 B- ,^cc; ow • d 3 g to 01 3X ca 01 S< d • o ; li 6< "3 c o C c ta S o H C c 1-4 ■| d d ca d d 3 O J2 O O ca 1—1 d Q S : V ■ £ : w : d : c : ca 4-1 U ■d a < 3 s X 3 01 X OJ > 3 o E _3 "o d 1-^ d .■ o . ^ • CLi ' w : to : c Si X ■ 0^ 111 hJ ta-c g E << do ri o ca O >^ ''3 «■ ^ ■ Hd E c X ca 00 3 H < d •6 *J cax) ■fci 1. 3" d< 1 > r o ■ 3 • O dl ^a Id 0 < 1 ■ ■ W ; u : d : a o 'ca O ui "ca I- o d 2 ta Q d 00 ca < 3 ta E — 1 a o 1— > bi 1 "S H E o J3 H X Ix ta ta bo _01 J d d 3 ■ J3 • 1 i pa : cu : ^ : a '5 oc o a oc o 00 CN 00 o o c^ o 00 o o 1 c c c O o 1 9 c 2 c: 00 o 1 S i 324 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS a >- 1< U 3X1 o Q o ta o o >Q Oti dti c 3 c5w ^ • fc'H ■a < 3 O "o O CQ d to ■ 3 ■ 'S ; 3 . > '. Z : T3 V 3 C C o U to n to o-rl WUO ■ c • ° Is uu sec a ■ . c o C " 1^ C O O > J c3 O o w > > OO E : > OH a; JH wO J3 . HU H ^■c3 Ow dw 13 • ■■0 3 ^ o.S 3 m O O OH tui) 1 ffiO Hoi ; 3 ■ c g ca^'o Om'd 3 • O _J 8> cud '. 3 nd Jd 1 < < 1 t c 'c c > 1- c c 2 C to c 01 a 3 0] J d > c '> ;- C cr C 3 2 pa P s ■ 0) ■ •a : u o • >— > ; >■ : 2 : a, S u o w w c 'u T C u K J3 d c >. H ti u < c X) c 3 J < •a 3 3 a w •x c > H 2 C B 5 < 1 5 "3 a d > . H ■ ^ ; d : pa W -t-f 6 3 o CQ O <: u c B o Pi X < X a "5 > 3 O 0. E o j: H < 1 01 > in pi a o O > 01 K d 2 •a > O pa d fcd 3 " : 1 : < • "(3 O C o »-) •a a W c < T n a a z > < o < t c 1 pa d ■6 •d sOt^oo Os C rt(Mr -^ Csl r-J IM CN (N CStN Cs) OJ (N ro fO re fe • • • so : 1 ^ c 0^ so • : • III • ■ • "HfOOO • • • 1 ■II -re-Jjt rt re ■ 1 1 • CN "* • ^ 1 1 00 i fooo • • ■ .... 10 0- ■ • • ■ ; ■ ; ; -^ ; ; ; ; 4. : ■ -OsOI^ re ■ 1 • •* re =ls ■* 0- 00 00 r»5 O ■o ■ • 1 • ■00 ■ ■ 10 fO . . . . c :ids : : : :. 3 ; ; ; ;i ; ; ; ■ 1 -sot^ so 1 ■* m c d "1 o 4; ! ! : ■ . . . 1 . . . . 10 • u-, .... 1 .... •0 .... . . . . Tt 10 ■ • . . . . . reO . ■ . 2 ■ 1 re OS tr. o . . . .sooo so-* •00 :ds : j; OS 1 (N so r^ oc OS : : ! • . . . 1 . ... fo ■ 1 1 • 1000 ■ ■ ■ • 00 ■* • ■ • ■ 1 . . . .r so ■* OS 00 1 1 . fO .... ■7 1 . ■ . . ■rsoo .... 1 re 10 Os 00 Mi :; 1 00 .0 ro .... ;i<^ ; ; ; ; fe 1 10 1 re c OS 00 re 1 ■* 1 so >o OS 00 1 OS Js C V C o Q a O K OJ J Mm"' .2 m UOO Chinese Columbia College Cornell College Concordia College II QQ (. ■i 1-1 _- MS Hi • M ■ i> i'° 2U 2 ta S^ . 3.£f Iowa 'Wesleyan College Keewatin Academy La Crosse Normal Leander Clark College Lenox College Marquette Univ Minneapolis (Am. A.) Minnesota, Univ. of Nebraska, Univ. of N. Dak. Agric. College Oelwein, la Park Region Luther College 5 : : V ■ w- > OJ3 n <■ ^ c u ■ ■ 3 a 2 3 ; ' V '■ a » >. c ^< 3 3 M J43 p. ; V 60 ■3 '" u i I 3, 3 ■a > '.'0 6 > M-- J c El a M "ta 1 B a '0 c 6 2 1 -*u^ so t^ 00 OsC - ^: "J" i so t^oo 0. s-H r ■5 ■3 r *msO e fe re t>. re f c e r e •* ■* ATHLETICS AND MILITARY DRILL 339 6 2 CS r-5 ^ u- <. t^ 00 Ov O r^TfinOI^OOO-O (N s CN CN C^ fN ?: 00 o> O — 1 r^ 1^ 00 Ov O — ' ro fO -^ ** 1 13 .a O «000 OOOO O O O OOOOOOOO OCOtNOOOOO-HO O — ' oooo oooo H 1 : -t-J 1-^ t- o 00 ■* 00 o 2 ^ 1 1 IT) rf : ■o 1 T7 ?77 c~l SO O. -* 1 r^, ro 1 1 00 IT) U1 2 - O 1 rt 00 o 1 1 1 o 1 1 1 1 0\ rt 7 1 1 1/1 po 1^ o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -H 00 1 ^ 1 — ' I^ 1 00 00 1 CO S ^ 00 1 00 fO 1 1 O T-< 1 1 O in 1 o> d 2 Ov 1 1 o> u-; 2 1 T? ? ^-. ^12 o 1 1 i O 1 1 ? 1 1 1 d c c o a a O — i ^ c j E t c ' c X -J 1 it u as 1 3 ; c :'i . a 6 1 i a b i ^ i ; a 5 c • a • b J a f^ C 3 , i 3 C D 5 3 J . E c c c ■ ^ a 3 r ' c C c L I ^ 3 i. ) - 1 5 II a 1 )^ c 5 ) 3 ) 3 'J i'~ a b L 4 )E a T •. <- i I C Z a T } c 3 a _ ) I L c a a b ^ J ] 3^ J ' C 3 a < ■ E < i1 C ( ? c 3.E c > ^'E C c 'i 2 g 1 C b c 2 ) 3 3 „ C C E c 1 J. c 2i J 3 ^ E , c ^ C "a c £ i 1 > E < 5C/ ■ c ■> c :'i 3 a c jL 3 b ; c 3T , c 3 b 3,'^ C/ 'c « § c 3 ^ C c a b _a "c .C 3 o > 3^ >C c C f- c o E a O 'o c CD 6 ^ r ■> -^ f \i 3 »c ;f- - o DO ' i^ K f^ i Z 3 -S i^C 3t- 30 3 J o 1 O 3-^ 5^ 3t- (> o \C 3- 3 r' ^ r- ^ - O c 5 340 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS 1895— W. Torrison, c; A. Tonison (capt), S. T. Norm^nn, p; E. Lewison, lb; K. L. Thorsgaard, 2b; A. L. Markhus, ss; M. B. Juul, 3b; P. Bemtson, If; I. A. Thoison, cf; J. E. Winger, rf; S. J. N. Ylvisaker, ingr. 1896 — No intercollegiate games played. 1897 — E. Lewison (capt.), c; J. C. Jensen, S T. Nermann, p; J. E. Winger, lb; W. Sih'er, 2b; M. Hegland, ss; I. M. Lyngaas, 3b; A. L. Markhus, If; K. M. Hagestad, cf; O. B. Pederson, rf; A. O. Anderson. 1898—0. B. Pederson, c; J. C. Jensen, R. Gaard, p; H. O. Gullixson, lb; Moe, 2b; M. Hegland (capt.), ss; H. J. Linde, 3b; A. O. Anderson If; W. Sihler, cf; B. Borreson, rf; E. Aaseth, H. M. Dahl, P. Moen, mgr. 1899—0. B. Pederson (capt.), c; O. J. H. Preus, R. Gaard, p; J. A. C. Torger- son, lb; P. Berntson, 2b; M. Hegland, ss; H. J. Linde, 3b; A. 0. Ander- son, If; 0. Moe, E. Aaseth, cf; H. O Gullixson, rf; S. S. Reque, P. Moen, mgr. 1900— O. B. Pederson, c; O. J. H Preus, R. Gaard, p; E. A. Brekke, lb; M. Hegland, 2b; A. O. Anderson, ss; H. J. Linde (capt.), 3b; S. S. Reque, If; H. 0. Gullixson, cf; W. Sihler, rf; M. J. Hegland, mgr. 1901— H. 0. Grangaard, c; O. J. H. Preus, G. A. Grinde, p; E. A. Brekke. lb; L. Larsen, 2b; A. 0. Anderson, ss; H. J Linde (capt.), 3b; S. S. Reque, If; H. C. Smeby, cf; W. Sihler, rf; A. O. Anderson, mgr. 1902— H. O. Grangaard, c; H. C. Smeby, A. Sevareid, p; E A. Brekke, lb; O. L. Olson, 2b; S. S. Reque (cppt.), ss; L Larsen, 3b; J. C. K. Preus, If; T. F. Gullixson, cf; G. A. Grinde, rf; H. E. Olsen, mgr. 1003— E. A. Bi-ekkc, c; A. Sevnreid, G. A. Grinde, p; T. F. Gullixson. lb; O. L. Olson. 2b; H. J. Sorlien, ss; S. S. Reque (capt.), 3b; G L Rodsater, If; A. Sather, cf; A. Torgerson, rf; H. E. Olsen, mgr 1904— G. I. Rodsater, c; A. Sevareid (capt.), p; O S. Hjelle. lb; H. J. Sorlien, 2b; H. Halvorsen, ss; J. Naeseth. 3b; W. Nelson, If; W. Sihler, cf; L. A Fries, rf; E. E. Mortenson ; T. A. HofT, mgr. 1905— G. L Rodsater, c; A. Sevareid (capt.), p; O. S. Hjelle, lb; H. J. Sorlien, 2h; M. Fuglie. ss; J. N^espth, 3b: J. Holkesvik, If; P. T. Hustvedt, E. 0. Moe, cf; L. A. Fries, rf; H. O. Saxvik, mgr. 1906— G I. Rodsater. c; A. Sevareid (capt.), E. O. Moe, 0. B. Ferkin, p; L. A. Fries, lb; J. Britson, 2b; M. Fuglie, ss; J. Naeseth, 3b; O. Ruen, rf; S. Dahl, cf; J. Holkesvik, If; H. C. Nordlie, mgr. 1907— L. A. Fries, c; A. O. Nneseth, J. Hanson, p; G. Hanson, lb; S. G. Harstad, 2b; M. Fuglie. ss; J. Naeseth (capt.), 3b; J. Holkesvik, If; S. S. Reque, cf; S. Dahl, rf; S. S. Reque, mgr. 1908 — G. Hanson, H. Leum, c and cf; A. O. Naeseth, p; O. Nygaard, p and cf; J. Hanson, p and 3b; C. A. Hielle, lb; S. G. Harstad (capt), 2b; C. Sorlien, ss; F. ' E. Peterson, If; M. J. Monson, rf; C. A. Jessen, mgr. 1909— G. Hanson, c; A. O Naeseth (capt.), p; O. Nygaard, p and rf; C. A. Hjelle, E. Estenson, lb; G. S'^oraasli, 2b; C. Sorlien. ss; J. Hnnson, p and 3b; F. E. Peterson, If; H. W. Williams, cf; P. A. Preus, rf; C. A. Jessen, mgr. 1910— M. Guttebo, 0. Jerde, c; O. Nygaard, E. Estenson, C. Hansen. R. Ulvilden, p; E. Estenson, C. A. Hjelle, lb; G. Storaasli, 2b; P. A. Preus, ss; E. Ringlee, 3b; P. W. Qually, T. H. Waller, W. C. Preus, J. Jerdee, P. J. Iver- son, outfield; H. Onsgard, mgr. 1911 — M. Guttebo, c; R. Ulvilden, C. Hansen, E. Estenson, p; E Erickson, p and lb; G. Storaasli (capt.), 2b; P. A. Preus, .ss; E. Ringlee, 3b; A. Erickson, If; W. C. Preus, cf; J. Jerdee, rf; H. Onsgard, mgr. 1912— M. Guttebo (capt.). c and lb; A. Erickson, c; R. Ulvilden, C. H. .Seebach. C. H-insen. p and f; E. Erickson, lb and p; E Ringlee, 2b; O. B. Harstad, ss; O. C. Sorlien, 3b; W C. Preus, cf; C. Foss, mgr. 1913— A. Erickson, c; C. H. Seebach, R. Ulvilden, p; S. Kjos, lb; L O. Swanson, 2b; O. B. H^rstnd. ss; E. M. Streeter, 3b; E. Opheim, If; W. C. Preus (capt.), cf; H. C. Hansen, rf; C. T. Jenson; C. Gulbrandson, mgr. 1911 — No team on account of the Norway Tour of the Concert Band. 1915— A. L. Bronstad. c; C. H. Seebach (cnpt.), E. M. Streeter. A. J Natvig, p; H. A. Preus, lb; L. 0. Swanson, 2b; B Sampson, ss; P. G. Johnson, 3b; S. M. Topness, If; G. Kvaase, cf; S. Kjos, rf; T. O. Kraabel, mgr. 1916— A. L. Bronstad, c; I. Harstad, A. J. Natvig, p; H. A. Preus, lb; L. 0. Swanson (capt.), 2b; B. Sampson, ss; P. G. John.son. 3b; E M. Streeter, If; C. A. Stormo, cf; S. Kjos, rf; E. F. Kiland, A. S. Natvig; E. R. Seines, mgr. ATHLETICS AND MILITARY DRILL 341 1917 — A. L. Bronstad, c; A. R. Sorlien, A. J. Natvig, p; E. M. Streeter (capt.). lb; A. S. Natvig, 2b; M. W. Larsen, ss and lb; H. Peterson, ss; O. S. Monson, 3b; K. E. Brunsdnle, If; C. A. Stormo, cf; H. K. Naruni, rf; E. F. Kiland, T. I. Rotto, W. B. Searvie; R. Jargo, mgr; A. Laudel, coach. 1918 — M. W. Larsen, c; A. R. Sorlien, A. J. Natvig, p and lb; B. A. Johnson, 2b; L. C. Sorlien, ss; O S. Monson, 3b; W. B. Searvie, If; C. A. Stormo (capt.), cf; A. R. EUingson, rf; M. A. Thompson, O. W. Qualley; J. Lee, mgr; A. Laudel, coach. 1919— A. L. Bronstnd, c and cf; S. O. Sorlien, c and 3b; A. R. EUingson, E. S. Hovden, A. R. Sorlien, p; M. W. Larsen, lb; L. C. Sorlien, 2b; H. S. Weiser, ss; O S. Monson (capt.), 3b; W. B. Searvie, If; E. 0. Bottolfson, rf; B. A. Johnson ; M. Thompson, mgr ; A. Laudel, coach. 1920 — S. O. Sorlien, c; A. Sorlien, p; A. EUingson, p (capt.); R. Storvick, lb; H. Peterson, 2b; L. Sorlien, ss; E. Bottolfson, 3b; W. Searvie, If; W. Lawston, cf; S. Orwoll, rf; C. Anderson, lb; A. Laudel, coach; H. Jor- dahl, mgr. 1921 — S. O. Sorlien, c; A. Sorlien, p and 3b (capt.); E Hovden, p and 3b; H. Peterson, lb; C. Anderson, 2b; L. Sorlien, ss; E. Bottolfson, 3b and If; W. Lawston, cf; S. Orwoll, rf; E. Trytten, H Hoff, E. Killie, subs; V. T. Jordahl, mgr.; A. Laudel, coach. 1922— S. O Sorlien (capt.), E. B. Steen, c; E. Hovden, O. Orwoll, p and lb; C. Anderson, 2b; E. S. Killie, ss; H. E. Peterson, 3b; S. P. Orwoll, If; R. Ethun, cf; E. Trytten, cf and 2b; E. Bottolfson, rf; H. Ostrem, C. A. Bergan, C. V. Sperati, J. Iverson, M. H. Anderson, E. EUingson, J. Knudson, B. Maakestad, J. E. Borgen, subs; E. N. Larsen, mgr.; S. S. Reque, coach. Extra-inning games: Luther 12, Cornell 16 — ten innings, 1899; Luther 1, Minnesota 1 — fifteen innings, 1908; Luther 1, Minnesota 1 — eleven innings, 1909; Luther 2, St. Thomas 3 — twelve innings. 1918; Luther 2, St. Joseph (Columbia) 1 — twelve innings, 1919; (Luther 4, Minnesota 3 — ten innings, 1922). Baseball record, 1922 — Luther won 8 games (61.5%), lost 5, viz: Iowa Slate Teachers, 8-1, 3-6; Columbia, 5-1, 4-9; Campion, 7-2; La Crosse Normal, 5-6; St. Olaf, 5-1, 2-4; Minnesota, 4-3; Parsons, 16-3; Upper Iowa, 1-10, 3-0; Dubuque, 4-2. Total score: Luther 62, opponents 48. Garmes won, 1891-1922, 136 (59.6%); lost, 92 (40.4%). FOOTBALL IN THE NINETIES Lyngaas, S. M. Orwoll, Thorsgaard, Winger, I. A Kampen, Teigen, B. Savre H. Ness, Bygland, E. Bothne (c^pt.), L. Reque, C. Hjermstad H. G. Magelssen, I. A. Thorson 342 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS VI. Football Football was introduced at Luther in 1877, but it was not played then as it is at present. The Rugby rules were followed. Any number of players were permitted on a side. Great interest was taken and it often happened that practically the whole stu- dent body took part in the games. The following excerpt is taken from "Chips" for Sept., 1884: "A match game of football is being played between the seniors and juniors combined, against the freshmen and preps. The game has been going on for two days and is not yet done." From 1892 to 1896 inclusive, intercollegiate contests were held with neighboring colleges. Iowa University, Coe, Upper Iowa, and Carleton were among those met on the gridiron. 1892— W. Tonison, R. E.; M. Teigen, R. T.; S. Orwoll, R. G.; 0. Akre, C. ; H. Otte, L. G. ; I. A. Thorson, L. T.; L. Reque, L. E.; E. Bothne (capt.), Q. B.; A. Tonison, L. H.; Juul, H. B.; 0. L. Olson, F. B. 1893— S. Orwoll, R. E. ; M. Teigen, R. T.; Ness, R. G.; O. Bvgland, c; L. Reque, L G.; I. l.vngafis, L. T.; I. Anderson. L. E.; O. Juul, Q. B. ; K. Thorsgaard, L. H.; E. Bothne (capt.), R. H.; and I. A. Thorson, F. B. 1894 — Z. Ordal, I. Anderson, E; I. Lyngaas, M. Teigen, T; C. Hjermstad, C. Anderson, G. ; O. Bygland, C. ; B. Savre, Q. B. ; I. A. Thorson, F. B ; E. Bothne, H. B. ; S. Orwoll (capt.), H. B. 1895 — No gnines. Captain, B. Savre. 1896— Z. Ordal, Dahlen, Eger, E. ; I. Anderson, Odegaarden (Odegaard), T.; H. Wein, P. Birkelo, J. L Johnson, G.; G. Johnson, C; P. Moen, Q. B. ; J. E. Winger, H. B.; I. Lyngaas, (c;^pt).; A. Bjerke, G. B. WoUan, S. T. Nermann, F. B In 1896 intercollegiate football was abolished. Class games continued to be popular, however, and were a means of keeping interest in the game alive. A freshman-sophomore game or one between the "Means" and "Extremes" was considered an almost essential part of the 14th of October program. COLLEGE FOOTBALL SQUAD, 1920 Left to right — Standing: Larsen, Ode, Tollefsrud, Ylvisaker, Opsahl, Johnson, M. Anderson, Fadness, L. Sorlien, Tolo, Clauson, Eid, Steen, Coach Solem; Kneeling: C. Anderson, Orwoll, A. Sorlien, Peterson, Westby, Knutson; Sitting: Nordgaard, Storvick, Rindahl, Rugland, Oefstedal, Narveson, S. 0. Sorlien ATHLETICS AND MILITARY DRILL 343 In the fall of 1918 the S. A. T. C. was represented by a foot- ball team. Games were played with Upper Iowa and Campion. These contests aroused keen interest in football among the stu- dents and an agitation for permission to play intercollegiate football was at once begun. In 1919 football was again introduced. PREPARATORY FOOTBALL TEAM, 1921 Evenmoe, Solaiid, Lucky, Brakke, Nerison Hegg, Hagen, Losen, Qualley, Anderson, Ramsey, Fosmark Lande, Foss, Otte, Eriekson, Hovden Following is the record of the personnel of the teams : 1919— E. Nordgaard, R. E.; P. Ode, R. T. ; R. Storvick, R. G.; I. R. Gr0nlid, C. ; E. Larsen, L. G.; R Oefstedal, L. T. ; G. Trytten, L. E.; S. O. Sorlien, Q. B. (capt."); 0. Rindahl, R. H.; A. Sorlien, F. B.; C. Ravndal, L. H. ; H. Jordahl, W. Ylvisaker, S. Orwoll, subs; T. Megorden, mgr; W. Jewell, 1920— E. Nordgaard, R. E.; R. Storvick, (capt.) R. T.; 0. Rindahl, R. G. ; G. Rugland, C; R. Oefstedal. L. G ; B. Narveson, L. T. ; S. O. Sorlien, L. E.; H. Peterson, Q. B. ; S. Orwoll, R. H. ; A. Sorlien, F. B.; J. Westby, L. H. ; C. Anderson, E ; A. Storvick, mgr.; 0. Solem, coach. 1921— E. Nordgaard, R. E.; C. Anderson, R. T. ; M. Anderson, R. G. ; G. Rug- land, C; R. Schjeldahl, L. G. ; E. Owen, L T.; S. O. Sorlien, L. E. ; H. Peterson (capt.), Q. B.; S. Orwoll, R. H.; O. Orwoll, F. B. ; J. Westby, L H.; H. Reishus, E., and T. ; C. V. Sperati, E., and F. B.; J. Duckstad, F. B. ; V. Elvestrom, mgr.; L Doseff, coach. FOOTBALL AT LUTHER COLLEGE No. OPPONENT 1919 1920 1921 Won Lost Tied No Campion College, Prairie du Chien . Carleton College, Nortlifield Columbia College, Dubuque Dubuque, University of St. Mary's Seminary, Winona St. Olaf College, Northfield Trinity College, Sioux City Upper Iowa University, Fayette. . . , Winona State Normal School Wisconsin School of Mines 29-6 7-46 6-57 6-19 19-7 13-10 45-14 7-19 0-20 14-38 26-0 13-14 42-0 45-0 0- -10 35- -0 33- -7 Total . Per cent of Games Won. 344 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS VII. Basketball Basketball was first introduced at Luther in the fall of 1903. Some very interesting inter-class games were played. In 1904 Upper Iowa was met in Luther's first intercollegiate basketball game. Since that time basketball has been a major sport at Luther and has ranked next to baseball in popularity. Below are given tlie names of players on teams from 1904 to 1922: BASKETBALL TEAM, 1906 Rostad, Sevareid, Larsen Rodsater, Harstad, Bj0rgo, Naeseth, Thorsen 1904— J. E. Strand (capt), 0. S. Hjelle, A. C. Pederson, (mgr.), C. W. Bj0rgo, L Grinde, O. A. Tingelstad. 1905— M. L. Rostad (capt), O. S. Hjelle, A. Sevareid, C. W. Bj0rgo, N. Rostad, H. Larsen, A. O. Naeseth, O. H. Sponheim (mgr.). 1906— C W. Bj0rgo (capt.), S. G. Harstad, A. Sevareid, H. Larsen, A. 0. Naeseth, M. L. Rostad, H. Thorsen (mgr.). 1907— S. G. Harstad, (capt.), A. O. Naeseth, H. Larsen, N. H. Gutteb0, H. W. Williams, H. Leum, M. L. Rostad, P. W. Qually, G. O. F0rde (mgr.). 1908— A. O. Naeseth (capt.), S. G. Harstad, N. H. Gutteb0, S. Neprud, H. Leum, M. L. Rostad, P. W. Qually, L. S. Kloster (mgr). 1909— N. H. Gutteb0 (capt.), A. O. Naeseth, P. W. Qually, H. W. Williams, C. I. Wollan, E. Estenson, B. Rosenqvist (mgr.). 1910— P. W. Qually (capt), G. Storaasli, E. Estenson, C. L Wollan, 0. Jerde, C. N. Sandager, L A. Opstad, 0. Ekfelt (mgr.). ATHLETICS AND MILITARY DRILL 345 1911— E. Estenson (capt.). R- Ulvilden, C. I. Wollan, G. Storaasli, 0. Jerde, I. A. Opstad, E. R. Hegg (mgr.). 1912— R Ulvilden (capt.), A. L. Kiel, W. G. Preus, E. Ringlee, M. Gutteb0, H. Hansen, W. Dahl, W. T. Gigstad, G. Loftness, W. A. Wollan (mgr.)- 1913— R Ulvilden (capt.), W. C. Preus, G. Loftness, W. T. Gigstad, C. H. See- bach, E M. Streeter, G. Henderson, N. Brunsdale (mgr.). 1914— W T Gigstad (capt.), 0. B. Harstad, C. H. Seebach, G. Loftness, A. Erickson, B. Sampson, E. M. Streeter, A. J. Natvig, A. O. Lee, A. M. Wisness (mgr.). 1915— C H. Seebach (capt.), E. M. Streeter, B. Sampson, S. Kjos, A J. Natvig, A. S. Natvig, A. 0. Lee, C. Losen, A. D. Askegaard, S. M. Topness (mgr ) . 1916— E. M. Streeter (cnpt.), B. Sampson, A. J. Natvig, A. S Natvig, S. Kjos, A. O. Lee, I. Harstad, C. Losen, N. M. Leque, G. Ulvilden (mgr.). BASKETBALL TEAM, 1917 T. Rotto, A J. Natvig, M. W. Larsen, A. Bronstad 0. W. Quallev, A. M. Kraabel, A. O. Lee A. S. Natvig, E Streeter, H. Tallakson 1917— E M. Streeter (capt), A. J. Natvig, A. S. Natvig, 0. W. Qualley, A. L. Bronstad, A. 0. Lee, M. W. Larsen, T. L Rotto, H. A. Tallakson, A. M. Kraabel (mgr.). 1918— A J. Natvig (cppt.), 0. W. Qualley, M. W. Larsen, A. J. Lunde, A. R. Sorlien, M. A. Thompson, L. C Sorlien, C. N. Evahson and C. A. Stormo (mgrs.). 1919_M. W. Lnrsen (capt), M. A. Thompson, C. M. Ravndal, R. O. Sto'vick, L. C. Sorlien, B. A. Johnson, E. S. Hovden, C. A. Anderson, M. B. Ranum., E. J. Kvammen, O. L. Kaupanger (mgr ). 1920— L. Sorlien (capt.), A. Sorlien, E. Nordgaard, C. Anderson, O. Sorlien, E. Kvammen, E. Hovden, H. Peterson, L R. Gronlid (mgr), A. J. Natvig (coach). 346 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS BASK ETBALL AT LUTHER COLLEGE No. OPPONENT 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1 ? s 4 S 15-22 11-31 6 Cedar Valley Jr. Col . . 7 8 Coe College . . 48-19 49-31 37-27 Columbia College 10 1 1 17 n Dubuque Independents 14 IS 16 20-37 67-21 21-15 20-31 17 Gustavus Adolphus C 18 . . . 10 Iowa State Teachers C 7n 32-34 12-34 15-19 71 97 La Crosse Normal .... l^ La Crosse Y.M.C.A . 47-18 74 61-9 26-21 63-28 39-31 -'S 26-15 54-12 21-17 76 ?7 78 70 25-34 sn 73-14 31 New Hampton Legion. S7 New York Nationals. . IS N. Dak. Agric. Coll. . . S4 N. Dak., Univ. of ss Ossian, Iowa .S6 Park Region L. Col . . . S7 Ripon College 25-21 S8 24-25 34-21 33-32 SO St. Olaf College 39-30 62-23 34-39 21-13 22-24 34-26 18-14 27-26 12-23 31-23 40 St. Paul Y. M. C. A... 41 28-20 38-17 24-15 47 Stout Institute 43 44 Upper Iowa Univ Wartburg College 12-18 23-40 31-17 46-23 39-27 38-33 34-28 47-20 Tie 34-17 22-14 35-24 30-11 4S Western College 18-23 43-7 46 Willmar, Minn 47 Winona State Normal. Total 12-18 41-63 100-39 211-110 424-300 246-171 2.73-159 243-170 190-184 Pet cent of Games Won 100.0 100.0 70.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 62.5 ATHLETICS AND MILITARY DRILL 347 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 Won Lost Tied No. 19 25 27-19 1 1 7 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 6 1 1 2 3 8 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 14 1 3 1 17 1 1 1 1 5 8 3 2 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 14 7 1 1 1 1 2 22-16 6-26 10-24 17-18 3 35-33 ,16-18 9-11 21-24 22-23 19-16 23-7 8-5 12-11 9-30 3-31 11-9 11-33 24-4 22-11 4 5 38- 2 26- 8 6 49-3 7 8 17-33 19-32 16-26 19-16 9 31-18 10 37-21 11 23-21 25-19 11-31 12 51-1 13 10-24 14 37 27 60-12 15 16 17-18 27-10 13-31 42-5 18-6 27-17 16-33 17 18 17-13 18-22 19 70 79-2 21 16-49 22 47-18 23 ?4 31-11 38-22 66-7 38-18 75 9-19 28-14 30-15 76 33-7 5-15 27 32-13 32-33 33-16 28 29 30 50-21 31 27-34 37 15-22 3S 29-13 57-22 34 35 20-12 18-14 36 37 38 22-4 19-23 18-17 21-14 22-18 18-19 13-14 15-22 18-14 20-13 12-16 10-15 11-18 4-19 9-23 20-23 15-33 39 40 41 21-13 28-19 27-37 42 47-29 28-17 36-22 42-13 18-20 23-26 ' '7-28' 21-20 32-20 13-26 16-22 43 44 4S 24-16 46 20-19 47 320-241 314-180 381-205 344-202 252-96 74-84 128-196 119-151 197-218 284-317 96 59 1 63.6 72.7 75.0 54.5 100.0 50.0 11.1 50.0 45.5 46.7 61.9 38.1 348 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS 1921— A. Sorlien (capt.), L. Sorlien, C. Anderson, H. Peterson, E. Nordgaard, M. Stortroen, C. Olson (mgr.), R. Movold (coach). 1922— C Anderson (capt.), H. Peterson, E. Hovden, C. V. Sperati, O. Orwoll, E. Kvammen, M. Stortroen, E. Nordgaard, G. Sorenson, O. Heskin (mgr.), Ivan Doseff (coach). VIII. Turning When the gymnasium was erected in 1886 turning and gym- nastics immediately became popular at the College. Through the efforts of C. A. Sperati^ '88^ a turning club was organized in PREPAHATORY BASKETBALL TEAM, 1922 Left to Right: Hovden, Qualley, Bidne, Otte, Hegg, Losen, Foss, Anderson, Dahl, Brakke Champions, N. L. C. A. Academy Conference December^ 1886. Its officers were: C. A. Sperati, foreturner; M. M. Steensland, assistant foreturner; and P. Gylstroem, presi- dent; A. Engebretson. The first turning club exhibition was given in May, 1888, under C. A. Sperati's leadership. Since that time public entertainments have been given almost every year. Luther's turning clubs have come up to the high standard set by the teams in the other branches of athletics. In 1909, the first year Luther took part in the State Gymnastic Meet, the team was awarded the championship. The team was composed of J. Hanson (capt.), F. E. Peterson, E. Severson, O. Hokaason, C. Wisnaes, P. Nestos (mgr.). Score: I-uther 256.4, Iowa State Teachers' College 234.2, Iowa University 47.2. 1910— 0. Tufte (capt.), H. Monson, J Jerdee, A. Storstad, C. Hansen, P. Iver- son (mgr.). State Intercollegiate Gymnastic Meet: Iowa State Teachers 260, Luther 244.5, Iowa University 224.25. ATHLETICS AND MILITARY DRILL 349 1911— A. Storstad (capt), O. Jerde, C. Hansen, E. Brunsdale, E. Severson, W. WoUan (mgr.). Iowa State Gymnastic Meet: Luther second place. 1912— C. Hansen (capt.), E. Severson, E. Brunsdale, L. Gorder, C. Rossing, N. Brunsdale (mgr.). Iowa State Gymnastic Meet: Luther 267.175, Iowa State Teachers College 263.6. 1913— C. Hansen (capt.), E. Brunsdale, W. Bakke, L. Gorder, H Narum, W. Maakestad, O. Harstad, C. Olafson, C. Mikkelson, C. Haroldson, J. Har- oldson, E. Thoen (mgr.). No st;ite meet was held. 1914— L. Gorder (capt.), W Maakestad. H. Narum, C. Olafson, W. Knutson, N. Thoi-pe (mgr.). Iowa State Gymnastic Meet: Iowa University, 1st; Luther 2nd. 1915 — L. Gorder (capt.), C. Olafson, W. Maakestad, H. Narum, W. Knutson, C. Mikkelson, R. Rosenqvist (mgr.). Iowa State Gymnastic Meet: Iowa, first place; Ames, second place; Luther, third place GYMNASTIC TEAM, 1909 Hanson, Nestos, Hokaasen Severson, Wisnaes, Peterson 1916- H. Narum (capt."), C. Olafson, W. Knutson, E. Kiland, A. 0. Hanson, R. Rosenqvist (mgr.), Iowa State Gymnastic Meet (held at Luther) : Lu- ther 403.89, Iowa 394.08, Grinnell 380.429. Western Intercollegiate Gym- nastic Association meet (held at Minnesota U.) : Wisconsin 1st place. 1,265; Minnesota 5th place, 935; Luther 6th, 932. 1917— C. Olafson (capt), H. Narum, W. Knutson, K. D. Stalland, A. 0. Hanson, C. Anderson (mgr.). Iowa State Gymnastic Meet: Luther 1,066.5, Iowa University 1,057.5, Ames 1,029, Grinnell 998. 1918— K. D. Stalland (capt.), C. Nelson, A. R. Ellingson, M. Unseth, N. Scarvie, M. B. Tollefsrud (mgr., also member of team). In 1918 state gymnastic meets were discontinued on account of the war. The Luther team entered the ninth annual contest of the Northwestern Gymnastic Society. The rating of teams depended to a large extent on the number of men entered. Hence 350 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Luther with six men did not place high in team rating. Capt. Stalland received seventh place in all-around competition. 1919— No team. 1920— No team. 1921— N. G. Fadness (capt.), S. L. Rugland, E. B. Steen, C. M. Olson, J. R. Dahl, P. S. Reque (mgr., also member of team). Northwestern Gymnastic Meet. 1922— P. S. Reque (capt.), N. G. Fadness, S. L. Rugland, E. B. Steen, H. K. Savre, J. R. Dahl (mgr., also a member of team). Northwestern Gymnastic Meet. TRACK TEAM, 1922 Stoen, Kvammen, Jerdeman, Hjelle, Narveson, Christensen, Knutson, Doseff 0. Trytten, Westby, Reque, Rugland, Orwoll, Otte, Maakestad Bolstad, Rovang, Rognlie, Thorgrimsen, Steen, Tui-mo IX. Track The first home field meet in track took place in 1900. In 1902 intercollegiate meets were introduced. Luther was defeated by Upper Iowa 59-37. In 1903 Upper Iowa defeated Luther 56-40. In 1904 Luther^ represented by M. Drotning, O. Hjelle, I. Stub, G. Rodsater, P. Prestegaard, and O. Tonning (capt.), took part in the state field meet. Prestegaard placed third in the pole vault, and Hjelle took second place in the shot put. Track, however, did not have the same appeal as baseball and tennis. So little interest was shown that track athletics could not be maintained. Luther was not represented on the cinder path from 1905 to 1919. In 1920 the student body was larger than it had been for several years, with the result that a smaller percentage of stu- ATHLETICS AND MILITARY DRILL 351 dents than before could participate in baseball and tennis. To afford more an opportunity for exercise track was again intro- duced. In 1920 a relay team consisting of C. E. Hook, G. T. Rugland, E. J. Kvammen, and E. G. Trytten was sent to the Drake Relay Meet. In 1921 Luther met Winona Normal and Dubuque University in dual meets, losing to Winona Normal 74-40 and to Dubuque 81-41. The members of the Luther team were: G. T. Rugland TRACK TEi\M, 19U3 Hjelle, Thompson, Drotning, Reque, Rodsater Norcllie, Peterson, Kaasa, Prestegaard, Nelson Moe, Aaberg, N. Rostad, Bredesen, Halvorsen (capt.), C. E. Hook, O. S. Rindahl, A. E. Hjelle, E. J. Kvam- men, L. I. Highby, E. N. Nordgaard, and E. J. Rovang. Great interest has been shown in track during the past two seasons. The 1922 team (shown on p. 350) took part in the Iowa Colleges Track and Field Meet, May 12; lost to Dubuque (63-73), June 3; and won from Winona Normal (77-48), May 27. X. Tennis In 1891 Prof. W. Sihler laid out the first tennis court at I-u- ther College and played the first game with Prof. Gisle Bothne. No intercollegiate tournaments were held until 1904. Many tennis players of championship calibre have been de- veloped at Luther. In 1908 and 1909 Luther won the state championship in both singles and doubles by defeating teams rep- resenting Iowa U., Coe, Grinnell, Ames, and Cornell. In 1910 L. Ylvisaker again won the singles championship for Luther. 352 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS The handicap tournament, played off every year for the Spaulding trophy, has been a potent factor in keeping interest alive and in developing tennis players. Below are the names of teams and their records. The num- bers refer to matches in a tournament, the side winning the greatest number of matches gets the tournament. 1904 — A. C. Pederson, H. W. Estrem, T. Brusegaard, H. Halvorson, and C. E Bale, mgr. Luther 2. Upper Iowa 1. 1905— A. Bredesen, N. Olsen, O. Sponheim, and G. R. Estrem (mgr., also a member of the team). Luther 2, Upper Iowa 1. 1906 — G. R. Estrem, H. Larsen, O. V. Smeby, N. A. Olsen (mgr, also member of team). Luther 3, Upper Iowa 3. TENNIS TEAM, 1908 L. Ylvisaker, H. Larsen 1907 — N. A. Olsen and C. A. Pederson were defeated in the state tournament. J. Rosholdt (mgr.). 1908 — H. Larsen and L Ylvisaker, champions of state meet in singles and doubles. C. A. Pederson (mgr.). Singles, played by Larsen: Luther 1, Iowa 0; Luther 1, Coe 0; Luther 1, Cornell 0; Doubles: Luther 1, Ames 0; Luther 1, Iowa 0. 1909 — C. A. Pederson and L. Ylvisaker (mgr., also member of team), state champions; O. Jensen and N. Guttebo. Luther 4, St. Olaf 2; Iowa State Tournament Singles: (played by Ylvisaker): Luther 1, Ames 0; Luther 1, Iowa 0; Luther 1, Cornell O; Championship Doubles: Luther 1, Grinnell 0; Luther 1, Cornell 0, (Championship). ATHLETICS AND MILITARY DRILL 353 1910 — L. Ylvisaker, J. Trytten, C. Biikelo, and O. Jensen (mgr., also member of team). Luther 3, Upper Iowa 1; Luther 5, St. Olaf 1. Iowa State Tournament — Singles (played by Ylvisaker): Luther 1, Cornell (I; Luther 1, Ames 0; Luther 1, Coe (Championship'). Doubles: Luther 0, Coe 1. 1911— J. Trytten, I. Opstad, D. T. Nelson, L Simley. Luther 1, St. Olaf 5. Iowa State Tournament — Doubles: Luther 0, Coe 1, Singles: Luther 0, Coe 1. 1912 — D. T. Nelson, C Knutson, 0. Haavik, and E. Granseth. Luther 1, St. Olaf 5. Iowa State Tournament — Doubles: Luther 0, Coe 1. Singles: Luther 0, Coe 1. 1913 — C. Knutson, H. Preus, O. Levorson, W. Brandt, and E. Brunsdale. Luther 6, Maealester 0; Luther 2, St. Thomas 4; Luther 4, St. Olaf 2; Tri-State Conference Tournament — Doubles: Luther 2, St. Thomas 1; Lu- ther 1, St. Olaf 0; Luther 1, Carleton (Doubles Championship). Singles: Luther 0, Carleton 2; Luther 2, Maealester 0; Luther 1, St. Thomas 2. 1914 — No team. 1915 — No team. 1916 — C. Ylvisaker and C. Lee, H. Dolhen (mgr.). Luther 0, Coe 3; Luther 1, St. Olaf 2; Luther 3, Gustavus Adolphus 0; Tri-State Conference Tournament— Singles: Luther 1, Carleton (i; Lu- ther 0, Maealester 1; Luther 1, St. Thomas 0; Luther 0, St. Olaf 1. Doubles: Luther 0, Maealester 1. 1917— C. Lee and C. Ylvisaker, J. A. Lien (mgr.). Luther 2, Carleton l; Luther 1, St. Olaf 2; Luther 3, Maealester 0. X918 — 0. Ravndal and R. Ylvisaker, H. Lunde (mgr.). Luther 0, St. Olaf 3; Luther 1, Gustavus Adoiphus 2; Luther 2, Hamline 1; Luther 0, Minnesota 3; Luther 0, Carleton 3. 1919 — R. Ylvisaker, O. Ravndal, C. Ravndal, J. W. Ylvisaker, and C. W. Strom (mgr.). Luther 3, Upper Iowa ; Luther 4, Upper Iowa 1 ; Luther 3, Luther Semin- ary 1; Luther 2, Red Wing 1; Luther 0, Hamline 3; Luther 2, St. Olaf 1; Luther 2, Campion 0; Luther 4, Carleton 1; Luther 1, Carleton 3. 1920 — O. Ravndal, C. Ravndal, J. W. Ylvisaker, and M. Unseth (mgr., and also member of team). Luther 1, Campion 0; (rain), Luther 2, Campion 1; Luther 4, Upper Iowa 0; Luther 3, Carleton 3 (Luther won on gimes); Luther 4, Carleton 0. 1921 — J. W. Ylvisaker, P. S. Reque, E. Hove, E. Lien (mgr., and also member of team). Luther 1, Upper Iowa 1 ; Luther 0, Campion 2. XI. Military Drill Peter S. Reque was commissioned by the government to act as captain and drill a company at Luther College in the fall of 1865 and the spring of 1866. This company was formed especially for the purpose of being prepared in the case of trouble from the Indians. Col. Chr. Brandt was in charge of a military company in the fall of 1876. In 1878 renewed enthusiasm resulted in the or- ganization of the Luther College Phalanx, which continued to be an important factor in the physical development of the boys until 1886. Fifty stand of arms of the type used in the Civil War were obtained from the government and constituted the equipment. When not in use the muskets were housed in the armory, now known as the old museum building. Under such able leaders as J. L. Lee, the first captain of the Phalanx, and his successors O. J. Breda, L. S. Reque, G. Bothne, and O. Ramstad the company became quite skillful in the execution of military maneuvres. Reviews were given foj 354 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS ATHLETICS AND MILITARY DRILL 355 the public on Memorial Day, the fourteenth of October, and other holidays. "College Chips" for May 4, 1886, contains the follow- ing announcement: "A sham battle and some 'double-time move- ments' of the Phalanx will be some of the attractions on the 17th of May. Come to the celebration. Fun ahead." With the completion of the gymnasium in 1886 enthusiasm for military drill soon came to an end. The boys began to in- terest themselves in turning and gymnastics and the other means of exercise which the gymnasium afforded. Although the activ- ities of the Phalanx ended abruptly, it must be given much credit for the service it rendered the boys. When the United States entered the war in April, 1917, mil- itary drill again came into vogue at the College after a lapse of thirty years. Voluntary drill under Prof. O. B. Overn had begun already in October, 1916. A resolution had been passed by the Synod some time previously, recommending that all students ex- cept Seniors and Juniors take three hours of military drill each week. This ruling, however, was not put into effect until a state of war existed. The boys took great interest in the work; and the Seniors and Juniors, though not required to take drill, were among the most enthusiastic. Most of them expected to enlist or be called to the colors in a short time and were, therefore, anxious to get as much training as possible. So great was the enthusiasm that upward of fifty students organized a company which drilled an hour be- fore breakfast six days a week. Military drill was continued under the auspices of the Col- lege with profit both to those who entered the service and to those who remained at school, until the end of the 1917-1918 school year. Prof. N. A. Madson discliarged the duties of commander- in-chief in commendable fashion. It was the unanimous opinion of those who entered the service that his instruction was of much value to them. XII. Students' Army Training Corps The organization of the S. A. T. C. at Luther College Oct. 1, 1918, marked the beginning of a period of intensive military training. The purpose of the War Department in establishing the S. A. T. C. at the various colleges and universities of our country was to train the young college men to be commissioned and non- commissioned officers and at the same time allow them to remain 356 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS at their respective colleges as long as possible. A strenuous program was outlined by the War Department to fit the men for actual warfare in the shortest possible time. A schedule account- ing for every hour of the day was closely followed. The time was divided between academic work and practical training. Eleven hours a week, or about two hours each day, were devoted to mil- itary drill. There were 105 members of the S. A. T. C. at Luther. Third and fourth floors of the main building were appropriated as EX-PRESIDENT TAFT ADDRESSING THE S. A. T. C, iyi» quarters for the company. The removal of all doors, desks, chairs and other furniture, except bunks, transformed the quarters into real military barracks. Equipment was slow in arriving, and then it came piece-meal. The blankets arrived first. Then followed the rifles, overcoats, and finally the uniforms. No other event except the armistice was the signal for such great rejoicing as the arrival of the uniforms. The War Department appointed 1st Lieut. H. H. Fisher as Commanding Officer and 2nd Lieut. Allen C. Grundy as Personnel- Adjutant. They were ably assisted in their work by L. C. Sor- lien, W. B. Scarvie, and Olaf Ravndal, three of the nine student ATHLETICS AND MILITARY DRILL 357 representatives sent to Fort Sheridan for military instruction the preceding summer. The other six were commissioned and sent to other posts. Under the excellent supervision of the officers, military in- struction progressed rapidly. The two-hour drill period was gen- erally opened with calisthenics and setting-up exercises, such as the "frog-hop", "duck-waddle", "Indian walk", etc. The re- mainder of the period was devoted to concentrated work in close order drill. When the rifles became a part of the equipment, bayonet practice, the manual of arms, and sighting practice were made an essential part of the daily program. Trench digging was also begun, but was discontinued as soon as the armistice was signed. Inspection of company and quarters took place every Saturday afternoon. The spirit with which the men en- tered into the work was gratifying and was in a large measure responsible for the success of the S. A. T. C. at Luther College. One and all were dedicated to the service of their country. As soon as the armistice was signed a marked change was at once apparent in the character of the work. Everyone felt that there was now nothing further to work for. "When do we go home ?" was the thought uppermost in the minds of all. Demobilization began December 11, 1918. Eight who were sick with influenza at the time were discharged later. The last man was mustered out December 19. In marked contrast to the failure of the S. A. T. C. at so many institutions the unit at Luther College proved a decided success. Favorable comments were repeatedly expressed on the company's ability on the drill field by those in a position to know. Although the interest was naturally greater in the purely military phase of the training than in the academic work, nevertheless the scholastic work was on the whole quite satisfactory. The S. A. T. C. gave ample proof of the service which can be rendered our government in time of war by the colleges of our country. And it established beyond question the loyalty of Luther College. XIII. Luther College Cadet Corps The Luther College Cadet Corps was organized in the fall of 1918 in compliance with the resolution of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, which made military training compulsory for all physically fit students at Lutlier College. As the members of the S. A. T. C. were already meeting this requirement, the roster of the L. C. C. C. included only those students who were not admitted to the S. A. T. C. 358 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS In Dr. S. C. Ylvisaker, who had been the College's faculty representative at Fort Sheridan the preceding summer, the fac- ulty had a man well qualified to act as commanding officer. Pro- fessors O. B. Overn and H. F. Swansen were appointed lieuten- ants. These officers were equipped at the expense of the College. In order to make the work of the S. A. T. C. easier, the fac- ulty voted to make the regulations governing the discipline and program of the L. C. C. C. as nearly like those of the S. A. T. C. as possible. The drill period was lengthened to two hours at the members' own request. Inspection and discipline were also mil- itary in character. Uniforms were ordered by the members of the company but did not arrive until school had closed for the Christmas holidays. Although the L. C. C. C. was disbanded after Christmas in favor of the R. O. T. C, its results were not inconsiderable. The boys were taught to respect discipline and established authority. The spirit of cooperation and loyalty displayed at all times in performing assigned tasks or in observing regulations proved the boys to be real patriots. XIV. Reserve Officers' Training Corps When the S. A. T. C. was demobilized, the College authorities received from the government a questionnaire relative to the or- ganization of a Reserve Officers' Training Corps (R. O. T. C.) at the College. The faculty had been well pleased with the possibil- ities of combined academic and military training offered by the S. A. T. C. The R. O. T. C. offered these same possibilities, while its demands in a military way were so much less exacting as to differ little from the regulations of the L. C. C. C. Ac- cordingly the R. O. T. C. was applied for and established at Lu- ther College in January, 1919. The L. C. C. C. was discontinued. Lieutenant Fisher, Commanding Officer of the S. A. T. C, was appointed Professor of Military Science and Tactics by the War Department. The company drilled three hours per week. During the course of the year a general course in military tactics, both theoretical and practical, was given. A six weeks' summer course at certain R. O. T. C. camps was also offered those desiring to take advantage of it. Outside of the regular drill periods the students were not controlled by military discipline. The government issued practically the same equipment to the R. O. T. C. men as to the regular army men. All supplies were ATHLETICS AND MILITARY DRILL 359 loaned to the College, and it in turn issued them to the men. If anyone failed to turn in his supplies, the College was held re- sponsible. The members, however, were allowed to purchase their equipment at the end of the course if they desired. The R. O. T. C. unit was not continued after January, 1920, because of a new regulation stipulating that there must be at least one hundred students in the colle'giate section of the unit. Seniors and Juniors were exempted from military training. Hence Luther College could not meet the enrollment requirement for maintaining the R. O. T. C. XV. Athletic Ideals "Mens Sana in corpore sano" (a sound mind in a sound body), is the cardinal principle upon which all athletic training at Lu- ther College is based. Because Luther College realizes that THE RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPS, 1919 brains without health are like a man who has a great deal of money with no place to keep it, it stresses as much as possible the development of a strong body. The College also realizes that there is a direct relation between the mind and body, and that whatever tends to cultivate the one cannot fail to benefit the other. It therefore aims to develop the body in the manner most beneficial to the mind. This is effected by inculcating high ideals and standards of perfection in all athletic competition. 360 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS From the very first Luther teams have enjoyed an enviable reputation for true sportsmanship. They have been taught to regard self-restraint and gentlemanly Christian conduct as more important than victory. The "anything to win" spirit is not tolerated. The College can point with pride to the fact that fin- ancial inducement has never brought or kept a student at Luther College. Luther College endeavors to conduct atliletics in harmony with the spirit of true Christianity. If this could not be done Luther College would be the first to abolish these activities. That such a thing is possible was clearly demonstrated to the satisfaction of all at the joint meeting of the Student's Union Convention and the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America Academy Conference, held at Luther College March 7-10, 1922. The program of the S. U. C. was purely religious in character, while the N. L. C. A. Conference program consisted of literary and athletic contests. Some questioned the advisability of holding two meetings so diametrically opposed in character, as they said, at the same time. The success of the joint conference proves conclusively that the religious principles laid down by the one can be carried over and applied in the other. SCENE IN THE CITY PARK, DECORAH CHAPTER SIXTEEN MUSIC C. N. EvANSON I. Place of Music at Luther College SINCE Luther College aims to prepare men for church work, it has always provided instruction in subjects that would prove especially valuable in the field of theology. One of these subjects is music. II. Courses in Music From the beginning instruction was given in vocal music, two. hours a week in all classes. It was natural that the vocal^ rather than the instrumental, was stressed, especially at first, since the young minister would find more use for the vocal ; and then, too, musical instruments were very expensive in those days. The importance attached to instruction in music has not dwin- dled with the passing of time. Music is still offered in both Col- lege and Preparatory Departments, as an elective in the former, and as a required subject in the preparatory classes. Music was made an elective in the College Department in 1892. III. Vocal Music The first instruction in music was given primarily to acquaint the student with the Lutheran hymns and chorals, which form such an important part of religious worship. Later, as the school grew to greater proportions, and as more teachers were added, the courses in music came to embrace instruction in varied branches, such as the history of music, harmony, and rudiments of music. The instruction to-day has by no means drifted from the original form, namely, that of stressing a thorough knowledge of Lutheran hymns and choral music. As singing was the first kind of music at Luther College, and for a time the only kind, it was natural that there should develop singing societies outside of the class-room. The first attempt at organizing a chorus was the Idun Quartette, in 1869 (?), with N. F0rde, J. Nordby, N. J. Ellestad, M. Koefod, C. K. Preus, O. P. Vangsnes, and H. J. Strand as members. In 1877 this quartette was reorganized by N. J. Bakke and augmented to number twelve 362 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS MUSIC 363 members: C. M. Jensen (Gr0nlid), T. K. Thorvilson, J. M. O. Ness, 1st tenor; N. J. Bakke, T. Hoyme, Chr. Pederson, 2nd tenor; A. P. Rondestvedt, O. L0kensgaard, J. A. Blilie^ 1st bass; H. B. Thorgrimsen, T. O. Homme, A. 0fstedal, 2nd bass. From this small but creditable beginning many vocal organizations have been effected, among which can be named: Luther College Choir; Luther College Chorus; Luther College Glee Club; Idun; Maal- trosten, 1875 (R. O. Brandt, director); Humla; Heimdal ; Bingo Glee Club; Upidee Glee Club; Lorelei, 1882; Symphonia, 1877; besides various quartettes, choruses, octettes, etc., in the Irving, Amphictyonic, Normannalaget, Mj0lner, Norr0na, and Idun lit- erary societies. There were no doubt many others ; excellent or- ffanizations of "fourth floor harmonizers." LUTHER COLLEGE CHORUS, NORWAY TOUR, 1914 There have been, of course, leaders and organizers who have carried on the work of keeping the interest in vocal music always keen. The most important of these were: Prof. F. A. Schmidt, 1861-65; Rev. N. O. Brandt, 1865-81; Mr. Ola Solheim, 1881-82; Mr. J. O. Tingelstad, 1883-85; Prof. Wm. Sihler, 1890-95; Prof. Haldor Hanson, 1882-83, 1888-90, 1895-1904., and Prof. Carlo A. Sperati, 1885-88, and 1905 to the present time. Students from the College have always been interested in the musical activities of our local Lutheran churches. They have al- ways shown a willingness to take an active part in the regular choir work, besides rendering aid on special occasions, when cantatas and the like have been undertaken by the church choirs. The first concert appearance of the church choir took place during Sperati's student directorship of 1884-88, when it rendered, among other numbers, "The Sword of Damascus," "Gloria in Ex- celsis," and the "Hallelujah Chorus" from the "Messiah." Among 364 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS the cantatas given later are: "The Seven Last Words of Christ" (several times), "Bethany," "Hymn of Praise," "Ruth," "The Holy City," 'The City of God," and, at the 60th anniversary of Luther College, "The 60th Anniversary Cantata" (words by Rev. Paul Koren, music by Prof. John Dahle), together with Mendels- sohn's "Hymn of Praise." The "Cantata" was repeated by re- quest during the Norwegian Lutheran Church Academy Confer- ence and Students' Union Convention, March 10, 1922. Students have from time to time directed the church choirs. Among the student choir directors we have: N. J. Bakke, K. A. Kasberg, and C. A. Sperati. Professors H. Hanson, Wm. Sihler, and C. A. Sperati have also as teachers at Luther College directed the choir. Aside from this, the students have been afforded the op- portunity, in conjunction with the people of Decorah, of rendering CHORUS AND ORCHESTRA, 1895 Haldor Hanson, Director- several of the world's greatest oratorios. The first oratorio given in Decorah was the "Creation," rendered on March 15, 1890, under Prof. H. Hanson's leadership. On May 29, 1895, Niels W. Gade's oratorio, "Tlie Crusaders," was given in Decorah, by a chorus of about 100, assisted by an orchestra of 20. College students assisted both in the chorus and in the orchestra. Prof. Haldor Hffnson directed. Earth's "Weinacht Oratorium" was ren- dered during the Christmas season in 1900 and 1901 under Prof. Sihler's directorship. When Prof. Sperati came to Luther College in 1905 he effected the organization of the Decorah Choral Union, composed of citizens of Decorah and students of Luther College. This organization has MUSIC 365 from time to time sung and resung some of the greatest, works. On May 24, 1906, it rendered Haydn's "Creation"; on June 18, 1907, Handel's "Messiah"; on May 27, 1908, Mendelssohn's "St. Paul"; Handel's "Messiah" was repeated in 1909 and on Dec. 18, 1909, a miscellaneous program was given. Handel's "Messiah" was given at the 1911 Commencement, June 20, by a chorus of 165 voices, assisted by an orchestra of 26. This oratorio was re- peated by request Oct. 14 of the same year. In the spring of 1912, Mendelssohn's "Elijah" was given; and on Dec. 15 of the same year Handel's "Messiah." Bruch's "The Lay of the Bell" was rendered May 12, 1913; the "Messiah" April 24, 1916; Haydn's "Seasons" March 21, 1917, repeated, by request, June 3 of the same year. This work was temporarily abandoned during the war, but was revived again in 1920, and on March 16, 1920, the "Creation" was given. This date represents 30 years since the "Creation" was first given in Decorah. This oratorio was the last oratorio ren- dered by the Decorah Choral Union. The church choir then took up the work, and with the assistance of some members of the Decorah Choral Union rendered the "Messiah" on Palm Sunday, 1921, and repeated the same oratorio on December 18, of the same year. IV. Instrumental Music Although great stress has always been laid on vocal music at Luther College, and much interest has been shown in fostering vocal organizations, this does not mean that the instrumental mu- sic has suffered thereby. In 1877 an orchestra was organized by J. P. Kopang. It con- sisted of but three members at first, namely, J. P. Kopang, violin; T. K. Thorvilson, violin; K. A. Kasberg, cello. In the spring of 1878, the following members were added to the orchestra: R. O. Brandt, guitar; Oscar Torrison, flute; and A. L. Himle, cornet. Mr. Himle was soon succeeded by O. Solheim. No regular con- certs were given by the orchestra until Nov., 1883; another con- cert was given in Feb., 1884. From the time it was organized in 1877 to the present time there has always been an orchestra at Luther College, with the exception of 1891-92, when all interest seems to have drifted to the band. The orchestra has played on many festive occasions, such as, the 14th of Oct. and 17th of May celebrations, concerts, literary programs, etc., both at the College and downtown. 366 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS During its existence the orchestra has had the following direc- tors : J. P. Kopang, 1877-78; K. A. Kasberg, 1878-81; H. Hanson, 1881-83; K. A. Kasberg, 1883, until Christmas; J. Tingelstad, from Christmas, 1883, to 1885; C. A. Sperati, 1885-88; Prof. H. Hanson, 1888-89; E. G. Mellem, 1889-90; H. Moore, 1890-91; I. A. Thorson, 1892-95; Prof. H. Hanson, 1895-1904.; Prof. C. A. Sperati, 1905 — . LUTHER COLLEGE ORCHESTRA, 1890 HaJdor Hanson, Director It will be seen that during its 45 years of life the orchestra has had eight directors, of whom two have been in charge a total of 34 years — Haldor Hanson, 14 years, and Carlo A. Sperati, 20 years. In Prof. Hanson's day it had a membership of 30 or more and maintained a high standard. Under Prof. Sperati it has done excellent work, though the membership has generally been smaller on account of the greater general interest among the stu- dents in the Concert Band. The Luther College Concert Band was organized in Feb., 1878, largely through the efforts of H. B. Thorgrimsen. There had been talk of organizing a band, and when a local city band disbanded^ those interested in having a band at the College recognized this as the logical time to start one. Accordingly, Thorgrimsen called a MUSIC 367 meeting of those most vitally interested in the subject. After he had portrayed the possibilities in glowing terms, a motion was made by I. B. Torrison to go on with the matter. This motion was seconded but flatly voted down. That certainly would be enough to discourage the average young man, but not so with Thorgrimsen. He talked to the dif- ferent boys privately, and it was finally decided to try to collect the necessary $250.00 to purchase this $500 set of instruments. Committees were sent out to solicit donations, and in this way $100 was realized. The balance, $150, was covered by a note to which all the boys and Prof. L. S. Reque were signers. The mem- bers of the first band were: O. Solheim, E. Haugen, A. Eiken, O. C. Gr0nvold, O. S. Rygg, H. Allen (Ellenson), O. Glas0e, E. O. Vik, J. M. Ness, J. W. Preus, C. O. Lein, T. Hoyme', and H. B. Thorgrimsen, who was the leader. The first appearance of the band was made in the spring of 1878, when it played a few simple pieces. On Decoration Day, 1879, the band for the first time played downtown. A word about the student directors of the band may not be amiss. It meant a great deal of work and worry to be responsible for the band. The leader was, for instance, responsible to the school for the conduct and good behavior of the boys. He was the one who had to shoulder all the work and responsibility, and no doubt got the least enjoyment out of it. Much credit is due the members of the early bands for keeping the interest in band work alive, but certainly still more credit is due the leaders. One leader tells of a concert he had scheduled at the College, but of which he had forgotten to speak to the president. We can imagine his position in trying to explain the matter to President Larsen. On trips the responsibility and difficulties of the student director would be especially great. And yet, concerts were given; trips to nearby towns, and even quite distant cities, were taken by the band, with student directors. That progress was made is easily seen in comparing "Op, Ma- troser," and "S0nner af Norge", rendered in 1879, with "Light Cavalry Overture," by Suppe, selections from "II Trovatore," and selections from "Pinafore," rendered in 1882. Concerning the quality of music rendered by these early organizations there can be no doubt. They played standard music, and rendered it, as is frequently quoted, "professionally." Several members played solo parts at the programs. 368 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS One problem that the band has always had to contend with is that of providing instruments. This task in the early days was no small one. The second set of instruments, procured during the time that A. O. Johnson was leader, shows not only what difRculties the boys had to contend with, but how wisely they met those dif- ficulties. To supply these new instruments A. O. Johnson and Tjernagel wrote to influential men in the Church, former students, former band men, and friends of the College, to see if they would not donate an instrument. The result was gratifying. The follow- ing instruments were obtained in this way: Eb Cornet, H. M. Tjernagel, Story City, la. Solo Bb Cornet, L. J. Tjernagel, Decorah, la. 1st Bb Cornet, J. C. Tarvestad, Decorah, la. 2nd Bb Cornet, H. Thorson, Elbow Lake, Minn. Solo Alto, L. O. Thorpe, Willmar, Minn. 1st Tenor, J. Thompson and sons, Beloit, Wis. 2nd Tenor, Students of Luther College. Baritone, O. Torrison, Manitowoc, Wis. Bb Bass, A. C. Haugan, Minneapolis, Minn. Tuba, Decorah friends. Bass Drum, H. G. Haugan, Milwaukee, Wis. The donor of each instrument had his name engraved on the instrument. These instruments, however, did not constitute a full instrumentation, and as the additional instruments that were purchased left the boys with a deficit of $200.00, permission was given to give a concert on Oct. 14, 1890, at Steyer's Opera House. The financial results of the concert were a success ; enough money was realized to pay off the indebtedness, and Johnson and Tjer- nagel were relieved of considerable worry. Two complete sets of instruments were purchased in 1906 and 1907. Low pitch was adopted at this early date. V. Musical Union In passing from the musical activities of the earlier period to those of the middle period, one chooses as a convenient date 1895, as that represents the year that Prof. Haldor Hanson returned to the College, to remain until 1904. Upon his return he organized the Luther College Musical Union, amalgamating the band, orchestra, choir, and glee club into one student organization. The purpose of the Musical Union is "to establish a closer relation between the different musical or- ganizations, and thus, by a joint effort, promote the interests of each organization composing it." The first officers of the Musical Union were: Chr. Anderson, president; O. J. Ordal, vice-president; MUSIC 369 o »• u 370 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS I. M. Lyngaas, secretary; Chr. Thompson, treasurer. The mem- bers of the executive committee were: A. Gullixson, S. Brevig, Col- lege Band; Theo. Nermann, T. Ringoen, College Orchestra; C. T. Clauson, G. B. Wollan, College Choir; Olav Jahr, Chr. Thompson, Glee Club. That the Musical Union has accomplished its purpose in the past is evidenced by the progress that has been made by the various organizations. Through the concerted action of the Union the re- sponsibility of keeping up the various organizations was shifted from the shoulders of a few to the many. New zeal and interest were shown that could not help but make for progress. Through the Musical Union it has been possible to purchase instruments the value of which approaches $15,000. In all, the Musical Un- ion now owns 127 instruments, besides a beautiful set of cathedral chimes, bells, xylophone, and a full set of traps. It has also been possible to supply the band and orchestra with the best of music. To-day the musical collections consist of the latest standard band publications. These things, together with the financing of the many tours taken by the band from time to time, have all been taken care of by the Musical Union, through dues and concerts. The College has given the Musical Union no financial support. Prof. Hanson's return to College as an instructor in music and director of the various musical organizations created a new interest in music at Luther. One thing that indicates this is the increase in the membership of the band, orchestra, and chorus. Thus, the Concert Band, increased from 28 in 1894 to 36 in 1895. In 1897 its number had reached 53. The Musical Library, founded in 1883 by J. O. Tingelstad, was also increased during Prof. Hanson's regime. The collection of reference works on music in the college library is fairly complete. The collection is being augmented yearly. The increase in the number of concerts and public appearances of the musical forces at College also gives evidence of renewed interest and zeal along musical lines. In 1905 Prof. Carlo A. Sperati came to Luther College to take charge of the musical activities. If there was progress in the past, certainly there has been even greater progress since 1905. The Decorah Choral Union has already been mentioned as having been organized by Prof. Sperati in 1905. The need of a "feeder" for the Concert Band was at once seen by Prof. Sperati, and he organized the "Second Band". Later the "Beginners' Band" was organized; also the "Beginners' Or- MUSIC 371 chestra". Through these beginners' organizations the personnel of the more advanced forces is kept at a more uniform figure, and tlie losses from graduation and other sources are not so seriously felt. To stimulate interest in music at the College, maintain the musical standards already set, build up new standards, and ad- LUTHER COLLEGE CONCERT BAND, 1906 vertise the school. Prof. Sperati worked out the possibilities of extended tours by the band. More will be said concerning trips by musical organizations of the College, but they are mentioned here because of the bigger scale upon which they were carried out, beginning with 1905. VI. Band Tours The first trip made by the band was undertaken in the summer of 1886, and lasted from June 21 to July 6.* Spring Grove, Minn., and Minneapolis were visited, one concert being given at Spring Grove, and one in Harmonia Hall, Minneapolis, where the band was assisted by the Kjerulf Male Quartette. Fortunately, Mr. A. C. *"College Chips" for June, 1895, says that this trip was undertaken by the band and orchestra. 372 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Haugan of Minneapolis financed the trip; it was largely upon his invitation that the boys set out. The financial part was the only feature of the trip that was not a marked success. The next trip of any length was taken in 1890, when the band visited Spring Grove and Mabel, Minn.; Story City, Bode, Thor, and Roland, la.; Menomonie, Hudson, and Baldwin, Wis.; Minne- apolis, Rushford, and Highland Prairie, Minn. The trip lasted from June 23 to July 25. It was a success, although there were times when the funds were none too plentiful. Prior to, as well as after 1890 there were minor trips by the band, orchestra, choir, and glee club to near-by congregations and towns. These were always successful. As has been stated, the period of the extended tour began in 1905, when Prof. Sperati resumed control of music at Luther Col- lege.** In 1906 the band made an extended tour of 10 weeks to the Pacific Coast and the Northwest. In 1907 it played at Story City, la., for the Sangerfest. In 1908 the band played at the Synod meeting in Chicago. In 1911 a 12 weeks' tour was made to the Pacific Coast and the Northwest States. In 1914 the climax of band tours was achieved when the band represented Luther College and Norwegian-American culture, es- pecially in the field of music, at the 100th anniversary of Nor- way's independence. A total of 127 admission concerts were played, besides, no doubt, an equal number of special short con- certs and serenades. Ten different countries, represented by 8 different flags, and six capital cities, namely: Washington, Chris- tiania, Copenhagen, Berlin, Paris, and London, were visited. Con- certs were given in the principal cities of the Northwest and the East, in the order named: St. Paul, Chicago, Cleveland, Washington, Brooklyn, Boston, Milwaukee, and Minneapolis. There were sixty band members on the Norway tour, besides seven others. This tour extended from April 24 to August 19. Only the most favorable comment could be offered on the tour. It was a success in every way, and demonstrated the height of efficiency to which Prof. Sperati had developed his band musically. Anyone would hesitate to undertake such a stupendous tour from a finan- cial point of view, and yet, financially, too, the tour was a success. The cost of the tour was about $32,000. The Norway Tour will stand unsurpassed for years to come. A most interesting, de- **In 1905 the band made its first tour under Prof. Sperati to the organiza- tion meeting of the Choral Union, held in Minneapolis. MUSIC 373 374 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS tailed account of this tour is set forth in "Norgesfaerden", edited by Prof. Carlo A. Sperati, and President C. K. Preus^ and written by Prof. O. A. Tingelstad, business manager of the band, Rev. J. C. K. Preus, press agent, and Rev. J. A. Moldstad, impresario. Rev. J. A. Moldstad served as impresario for the European end of this tour, and Prof. B. K. Savre for the American. In 1915 the band was officially engaged for ten days at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition at San Francisco, Cal. Rev. E. M. Stensrud was especially responsible for this engage- ment. During its stay it assisted also in the concert of the Choral Union of the Synod. Also on this tour the band gave concerts on the Pacific Coast and through the Northwest. The band made a short tour to St. Paul in 1917 to take part in the convention at which the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America was organized. LUTHER COLLEGE CONCERT BAND, 1920 A tour to Milwaukee to assist in the Quadri-centennial Reforma- tion Jubilee Festival was made in 1917. Macfarland, Janesville, Beloit, Muskego, Waterford, and Stoughton were also visited on this tour.*** In May, 1919, the first national convention of the Young Peo- ple's Luther League and Choral Union was held at Red Wing, Minn. The band took part in this convention by assisting in the choral work and church services, and by rendering two open air concerts. The band took a similar part in the second triennial convention of the Young People's Luther League, held at La Crosse, Wis., June 8-11, 1922. ***With the establishment of the S. A. T. C. at Luther College during the war, the band assumed the character of a military organization. Its activities, as well as the "Camp Sings" held during this time, were commendable and were commented on very favorably by the commandant, Lieutenant Harold H. Fisher. MUSIC 375 In 1919 the band made two trips to Mason City, la. On September 27-28, 1919, it played for the Young People's and Choral Union Convention of the St. Ansgar Circuit. On Novem- ber 18, the band played at a homecoming for the Cerro Gordo County service men. On both occasions the band did well. 4 A more extensive tour was made during the summer of 1920, lasting from June 16 to 25. Some of the places visited on this tour were: Albert Lea, Minneapolis, Minn., (where the band played for the Choral Union Convention) ; and Scarville, Clear Lake, Eagle Grove, Story City, Radcliffe, Jewell, Roland, Ft. Dodge, Humboldt, Bode, and Belmond, Iowa. In the fall of 1920 (Sept. 7-12), the band played at Ames, la., for the Choral Union and Young People's Luther League Convention. The 60th Anniversary Tour of the summer of 1921, lasting from June 7 to August 22, embraced the Middle West, the North Pacific States, and Southern Canada.**** That the trips, both short and extended, that have been taken in the past by the different musical forces of Luther College and especially by the band, have been of inestimable value to the Col- lege is of course evident. From a small beginning it has been possible through the untiring efforts of the boys and their respec- tive directors to reach the extent of tours that assume the vast proportions of the Pacific Coast Tours, and the Norway Tour. The credit for the more extended tours is due without question to Prof. Sperati. Most valuable assistance has also been given on recent tours by Prof. Enoch E. Peterson as business manager. May the future hold even greater and more extended tours in store for the band than have been enjoyed by it in the past. VII. Instructors and Directors Mention has already been made of the men who acted as stu- dent or faculty directors of vocal music. As student directors of instrumental music at Luther we have the following: Rev. H. B. Thorgrimsen, 1878-1879; O. Glas0e, 1879-February, 1881; O. Solheim, February, 1881-1882; O. Glas0e, 1882 until Christmas; Eugene Krohn, Christmas, 1882-1885; L. A. Larsen, 1885-1886; J. Linnevold, 1886-1890; A. O. Johnson, 1890-1891; H. M. Tjer- nagel, 1891-1893; O. Omlie, 1893-October, 1894; I. A. Thorson, October, 1894-1895. Prof. Hanson took charge of the band in ****0n this tour, as on most of the previous ones, the band enjoyed the matronly care of Mrs. Sperati. It was also fortunate in having at its disposal during the entire tour the services of the college nurse, Miss Theresse E. Arne- son (now Mrs. B. J. Hovde). 376 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS 1895, remaining its director until 1904; Prof. Sperati took charge in the spring of 1905. Aside from these directors, the following have also been instrumental in furthering music at Luther: In 1885 I. D. Ylvisaker organized a flageolet sextette, called "The Nightingale". Theo. Ringoen, Chr. Anderson, S. T. Normann, and Chr. Thompson directed the orchestra, glee club, chorus, and band, respectively, during Prof. Hanson's vacation in 1896. Hans Moen organized a drum corps in 1896. A mandolin club, reor- ganized in 1898, was directed by Thomas Torgerson. Mr. Coup and Melvin Drotning directed the band immediately before Prof. Sperati arrived, and G. A. Hanson directed the glee club. N. J. Bakke was active especially in vocal circles. In the matter of special instruction, the different music pro- fessors at the College have always been willing to give private help to any student interested in any particular instrument. Aside from this, there has been, especially in late years, a decided ef- fort on the part of the school authorities to secure special in- structors in piano, violin, and voice. Among the most recent in- structors in these fields we can mention Mrs. Jessie Ervin Marsh and Miss Katherine Hustvedt, piano and organ; Mrs. Ruth Downie and Mrs. Alma Marie Brown, violin; Mrs. L. A. Moe, piano and voice. The musical organizations of Luther College have accomplish- ed great things in the past, but they hope to be able to accomplish even greater things in the future. The Musical Union has, for in- stance, as its chief objective at present the work of supplying the College with a pipe organ. This Memorial Organ is to be placed PRIME MINISTER MICHELSEN OF NORWAY ENTERTAINS PRES. PREUS AND THE LUTHER COLLEGE CONCERT BAND, 1914 MUSIC 377 in the college chapel in honor of O. Angelo Sperati^ who passed away November 8, 1916, at the age of 16 years. Angelo was an active member of the Musical Union for 8 years and had become exceedingly proficient as a performer on the cornet, piano, and pipe organ. Great hopes were entertained for him in the future, only to be shattered by his departure from this world. Surely a more fitting memorial to Angelo could not be found than a music- al one.***** The work of providing the Memorial Organ has been going on successfully. As was stated, the organ is to be placed in the college chapel. This fact brings us to a still greater objective, namely, that of providing a building that will serve as a chapel and music hall. The band has from the beginning operated under the handicap of unsatisfactory quarters in which to carry on its work. In the days of "No. 45," and later the "Chicken Coop", the need of a suitable music hall must have been felt. To-day that need is felt even more keenly. With the realization of the music hall objective we can cer- tainly look to the musical organizations of Luther College to accomplish even greater things in the future than they have done in the past. VIII. Sample Repertoires 1. Sixth Tour, 1915— Panama-Pacific SUITES AND BALLET MUSIC International ExpoMion the Pacific Coast 21. German-Three Dances from "Henrv '^T^iJn.^ iVorf/ir«est. Carlo A. Speraii, ^111." (a) Morris Dance, (b) Shep- ^"®'^'"'- herds' Dance, (c) Torch Dance OVERTURES ^^" Grieg — Peer Gynt Suite, (a) Morn- ing (b) Aase's Death, (c) Anitra's ^- ^".^'^''^^^'"^ i?'^^'*'*': „ , „ Dance, (d) In the Hall of the Moun- 2. Balfe — The Siege of Rochelle. ^..^jj^ King 3. Bazzinr—Saul. 23 gaint-Saens — Ballet Divertissement 4. Keler Bela -Rakoczy ^^^^ "Henry VIII." (a) The Gath- 5. Franz Erkel-Hunyady Laszlo. ^^.. ^^ ^j^^ ^lans. (b) A Scottish 6. Herold-Zampa ^ ,. , Idyl, (c) Dance of the Gipsy Girl. 7. Kretschmer-Anierican Festival. ^/^ j. ^^ pj^^^jg ^^d others. 8. Leutner — Fest Overture. ^ ' " 9. Mendelssohn— Military Overture. DESCRIPTIVE PIECES 10. Mendelssohn— Ruv Bias. 24. Bendix— A Day at West Point. 11. Nicolai— Merry Wives of Windsor. 25. Lee Johnson — The Death of Custer, 12. Reissiger— The Mill on the Cliff. or The Battle of Little Big Horn.. 13. Rossini— Barber of Seville. Synopsis: 1— Sioux Indian war 14. Rossini — Semiramide. dance. Night before battle. 2 — Bugle 15. Rossini— William Tell. calls in Custer's camp before form- 16. Suppe — Poet and Peasant. ing the line of march. 3— Custer's 17. Thomas — Raymond. cavalry on march to Sioux's camp. 18. Tschaikowsky — "1812." The sound of horses' hoofs in the 19. Wagner — Tannhauser. distance. 4 — Approacli of cavalry with - 20. Weber — Jubel Overture. And others. band playing "National Airs," the *****-pjjg Young People's Society of the F. N. E. L. Church at Decorah placed a fine piano in the church parlors as a memorial to Angelo. 378 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Indians responding with tlieir custom- ary music. 5 — Battle of "Little Big Horn," June 25, 1876, in whicli our great general lost his life 6 — Indi- ans rejoicing over the victory with scalp dance. 7 — Arrival of reinforce- ments, General Benton and cavalry. 8 — Custer's burial, volley of shots, muffled drums, and bugle sounding the last call over our general's grave. . . . Finale — "Nearer, My God to Thee." 26. Bodewalt-Lampe— Home Sweet Home the World Over. 27. Myddleton— By the Swanee River. 28. Moses-Tobani— The Civil War. 29. Voelker— A Hunt in the Black Forest. And others. CONCERT WALTZES 30. Hall— Wedding of the Winds. 3L Rubinstein — Valse Caprice. 32. Johann Strauss — Blue Danube. And others. MISCELLANEOUS CONCERT MUSIC 33. Beethoven— Andante from Fifth Sym- phony. 34. Beethoven — Moonlight Sonata. 35. Elgar — Pomp and Circumstance. Mil- itary March No. 1. 36. Grieg — Norwegian Dances. II and III. 37. Max von Lenz— In the Viking's Do- main. 38. Liszt — Dreams of Love. Nocturne. 39. Liszt — Second Hungarian Rhapsody. 40. Meyerbeer — Coronation March from "The Prophet." 41. Meyerbeer — Fackeltanz. 42. Rubinstein — Reve Angelique (Kam- ennoi-Ostrow). 43. Rubinstein — Romance. 44. Saint-Saens — Phaeton. Synopsis: A symphonic poem: Phae- ton, having secured permission to drive through the heavens the chariot of the Sun, his father, starts on his career. His unskilled driving, mad- dening the steeds, brings the fiery chariot too close to the earth, which is menaced with destruction, when Jupiter strikes the impudent driver with lightning. 43. Schubert — Unfinished Symphony. 46. Johan Svendsen — Coronation March. 47. Wagner — Procession of the Knights from "Parsifal." 48. Wagner — Tannhauser March. 49. Wagner— The Ride of the Valkyries from "Die Walkure." And others. OPERATIC SELECTIONS AND FANTASIAS 50. Flotow— Martha. 51. Rudolf Friml— The Firefly. 52. Lehar — The Merry Widow. 53. Massenet — Herodias. 51. Oscar Straus — The Chocolate Soldier. 35. Moses-Tobani — The Opera Mirror. 56. Verdi — Ernani. 57. Verdi— U Trovatore. 58. Weber — Der Freischutz. 59. National Airs from all Lands. 60. Marches and Light Numbers. And others. 61. 62. 63. 61. 65. SACRED MUSIC Handel — Largo. Moses-Tobani — Providence, Fantasia. Wagner — Prayer from "Lohengrin." Wilson — The Wayside Chapel. Chorals and sacred songs. And others. The repertoire of the chorus consists of English and Norwegian songs. 2. Norway Tour, lOlU — Luther Col- lege Concert Band and Chorus. Carlo A. Sperati, Director. American Festival Overture — Wm. F. Kretchmer. American Patrol — F. W. Meacham. Arkansaw Traveler — D. W. Reeves. a) Auld Lang Syne— Theo. Moses- Tobani. b) In the Great Beyond— Ellis Brooks. Barber of Seville — Rossini. Berceuse from "Jocelyn" — Godard. Blue Danube — Johann Strauss. By the Swanee River— W. H. Myd- dleton. CavaliT Charge — G. Luders. Chocolate Soldier — Oscar Straus. Civil War (The)— Theo. Moses-To- bani. Comic Tat-Too— Ph. Fahrbach. a) Coronation March from "The Prophet" — Meyerbeer. b) Tannhauser March — Wagner. a) Coronation March— Johan Svend- sen. b) Midsummer Night's Dream — Men- delssohn. la Creme — Theo. Moses- 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 23. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 43. 44. Creme de Tobani. A Day at West Point— Theo. Ben- dix. Death of Custer — Lee Johnson. Debutante Waltz— Santelmann. a) Dreams of Love — Liszt b) Valse Caprice — Rubinstein. Overture 1812 — Tschaikowsky. Ekko fra Norden — Wick-Roberts. Ernani — Verdi. Fackeltanz in B — Meyerbeer. Fanfare — C. Bohm. Festival Overture — Vor Gud han er saa fast en Borg — 0. Nicolai. Fest Overture in C — Lachner. Fest Overture — Lassen. Fest Overture — Leutner. a) 5th Symphony — Beethoven. b) 8th Symphony — Beethoven. Firefly— Rudolf Friml. Flower of Italy— G. De Stefano. Flying Arrow — Holzmann. Fra Diavolo — Auber. Der Freischutz — Weber. Gammel Norsk Jaegermarsch — Schj01bei-g. Golden Rod — Mabel McKinley. Grand International Fantasia — T. H. Rollinson. Greetings March — Kristian Knutson. Hallelujah Choi-us from "Messiah"— Handel. MUSIC 379 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 8.S. 84. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 9.5. 90. 97. 99. 100. 101. Hands Across the Sea — Theo. Mo- ses-Tobani. Ballet Divertissement from "Henry VHI"— Saint-Saens. Herodias — Massenet. a) Holy City — Stephen Adnms b) "Cantique de Noel" — A. Adam. c) "Preghiera"— E. P. Tosti. Home Sweet Home the World Over — Bodewalt — Lampe. Humoreske — Wheeler. Hunting Scene — Bucalossi. Hunt in the Black Forest — Voelker. Hunyady Laszlo — Franz Erkel. In the Viking's Domain — Max von Lenz. Invitation a la Valse — Weber. Joy to the World — Arr. by Barn- house. Jubel Overture — Weber. I Lombardi — Verdi. Love Kiss — Arthur Pryor. Love Sparks — Abe Holzmann. a) Marche Militaire I — Schubert. b) Marche Militaire II — Schubert. Martha — Flotow. Meflstofele — Boito. Merry Widow, Selection — Franz Le- har. Merry Widow, Waltz — Franz Lehar. Merry Wives of Windsor — Nicolai. MilitaiT Overture — Mendelssohn. (Les) Millions d'Arlequin — Drigo. Mill on the Cliff— Reissiffer. a) Moonlight Sonata — First Move- ment — Beethoven. b) Bride of Kaschmir — Rubinstein. Morning, Noon, and Night in Vi- enna — Suppe. Musician's Hold-up — Theo. Moses- Tobani. a) Nachtgesang — Wagner. b) Isolde's Liebestod — Wagner. Nokomis — Leach. a) Norwegian Dance No. I — Grieg. b) Norwegian Dance No. Ill — Grieg. OfFenbachiana No. 2 — Arr. by Boett- ger. Opera Mirror — Theo. Moses-Tobani. a) Pas des Fleurs from "Naila" — Delibes. b) Sleeping Beauty — Theo. Moses- Tobani. Patrol of the Phantoms — W. Paris Chambers. Peer Gynt Suite — Grieg. a) Phaeton — Saint-Saens. b) Prelude du Deluge — Saint-Siens a) Pizzicato Polka — Johann and Jo- seph Strauss. b) First Heart Throbs— Eilenberg, c) Traumerei — Schumann. d) Pure as Snow — G. Lange. Poet and Peasant — Suppe. a) Pomp and Circumstance No. I — Edward Elgar. b) Pomp and Circumstance No. II — Edward Elgar. Procession of the Knights from "ParsifaP' — Wagner. Providence— Theo. Moses-Tobani. Rakoczy — Keler Bela. Raymond — Ambi-oise Thomas, a) Reve Angelique — Rubinstein. 102. b) Romance — Rubinstein. 103. Le Reveil du Lion — Kontski. 104. Ride of the Valkyries — Wagner. 105. Rienzi — Wagner. 100. Le Rouet d'Omphale — Saint-Saens. 107. Ruy Bias— F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy. 108. Sakuntala— Carl Goldmark. 109. Saul — Bazzini. •» 110. Second Hungarian Rhapsody— Liszt. 111. Second Polonaise — Liszt. 112. Semiramide — Rossini. 113. a) Sextette from "Lucia" — Gaetano Donizetti. 114. b) Espanola — A. Jungmann. 115. c) Die Loreley— Josef Nesvadba. 110. Shipwreck — W. Moore. 117. Siege of Rochelle— Balfe. 118. Silver Brook — Edmund Braham. 119. a) Simple Aveu— F. Thome. 120. b) Aubade — J. Massenet. 121. La Sonnambula — Bellini. 122. Southern Stars— Ascher-Mahl. 123. Stabat Mater— Rossini. 124. Summer Night's Dream — Suppe. 125. Summer's Day in Norway— Wilhners. 120. Sweethearts — Victor Herbert. 127. Tannhauser — Wagner. 128. Three Dances from "Henry VIII" — German. 129. a) Traumbilder— H. C. Lumbye. 130. b) Largo— G. F. Handel. 131. Trinity— Theo. Moses-Tobani. 132. Triomphale — Rubinstein. 133. II Trovatore— Verdi. 134. Unfinished Symphony — Schubert. 135. Vision of Salome— Lampe. 130. War March of the Priests from "Athalia" — Mendelssohn. 137. Wedding March from "Midsummer Night's Dream" — Mendelssohn. 138. Wedding of the Winds, Waltz- John T. Hall. 139. Whispering Flowers — F. von Blon. 140. William Tell— G. Rossini. 141. Zampa— F. Herold. MARCH SIZE 142. a) Af H0iheden. 143. b) Jesu, dine dybe Vunder. 144. c) Vor Gud han er saa fast en Borg. 145. d) Alenest Gud i Himmerig. 146. e) Bliv med din store Naade. 147. f) Herre Jesu Krist, dig til os vend. 148. g) Hvad kan os komme til for n0d. 149. h) O, Dr0velse. 150. Abe Lincoln — Warren D Troutman. 151. African Dreamland — Geo. Atwater. 152. Ah Sin— Walter Rolfe. 153. American Habit (The)— W. H. Scou- ton. 154. American Republic — H. H. Thiele. 155. Anniversary — Charles Sanglear. 156. Arabola — Karl Hendrix. 157. Arms of America — Arthur Pryor. 158. Becksonian — Charles Sanglear. 159. La Belle Argentina — Carlos Roberto. 160. Blaze of Glory — Abe Holzmann. 161. Bombasto — O. R. Farrar. 102. Bo.stonian (The)— W. D. Kenneth. 103. Brigadier-General (The)— Otto Koc- kert. 380 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 17S. 176. 177. 178. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. Bull-Frog and the Coon (The) — Arr. by W. H Mackie. Casey Jones — Newton-Robinson. Caught in the Net — R. A. King. Cavalleria Rusticana — P. Mascagni. Centurion (The)— W. A. Corey. Cherry — L. Albert. Chicago Tribune — W. P. Chambers. Ciribiribin — A. Pestalozza. a) "Come, be my Sunshine, Dearie" — John B. Gardner. b) "Can't You See I Love You" — Nat D. Ayer. Corn Huskin'! — Joel P. Corin. Curro Cuchares — Gerardo Metallo. Dance of the Sparrows — B. Rich- mond. Daddy Dear — Arr. by W. H. Mackie. Darkies' Jubilee (The) — John M. Turner. Down the Field — Stanleigh P. Fried- man. Dreaming Love of You — Chas. K. Elephant Trot (The)— Carl Kahn. Everybody Works But Father — Arr. Robert Becker. Fncing the Enemy — F. H. Losey. Fighting Chance (A) — F. H. Losey. Fighting Chance (The) — Louis Mau- r.ce. Firebrand — F. H. Losey. Flag Day — Carl Schramm. Fort Des Moines — A. Perwein. For the Flag — J. Bodewalt-Lampe. Free Lance (The) — John Philip Sousa. From Time to Time— Arr. by W. H. Mackie. Frost King (The)— W. D. Kenneth. a) Funeral March — F. Chopin. b) Chonil— J. S. B-ch. Gage's March — F. H. Losey. Gen. Mixup, U. S. A.— Thos. S. Al- len. Gettysburg — S. B. Stambaugh. Gloria — F. H Losey. Hero of the Isthmus — P. Bodewalt- Lampe. How Gentle God's Commands — Na- geli. If You Alone Were Mine — Vincent Scotto. In Storm and Sunshine — J. C. Heed. In Thoughts — Henry Froelich. Invercargill — Alex. F. Lithgow. Italian Songs — Arr. by Frank A. Pa- nella. a) Ja, vi elsker dette landet — Nord- raak. b) S0nner af Norge — Blom. Jersey Carnival (The) — Daniel Lie- berfeld. King Chanticleer — Nat D. Ayer. King of the Air— Carl Everlof. Lakeside — W. C. Jolley. Last Call (The)— Jacob Henry El- lis. Liberty Bell (The)— Sousa. Lights Out— E E. McCoy. Lilacs — Kathleen A. Roberts. McKinley's Memorial — W. Paris Chambers. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. 2.'!3. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 240. 250. 251. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 269. 270. 271. 272. Magnetic — H. A. Van der Cook. Mexico — Cole and Johnson Bros. Military Life— K. L. King. Miss Columbia— A H. Thrall. Moose (The") — W. L. Skaggs. Motor Maid (The)— Edmund Bra- ham. Music Men (The)— Charles E. Allen. Muttering Fritz — F. H. Losey. National Emblem — E. E. Bagley National Spirit — Frederic W. Ha- ger. Officer of the Day— R. B. Hall. Old Comrades— C. Teike. Old Faithful — Abe Holzmann. Olympia — Theo. A. Metz. Olympia Hippodrome — Russel Alex- ander. On Mobile Bay — Daniels and Wen- rich. On the Mess^-Grand — Louis Maurice. Onward, Christian Soldiers — John N. Klohr. On, Wisconsin — W. T. Purdy. Pilgrim Commandery — Robert A. Foss. Pizzicato Polka — Joh. Strauss. Plunger (The)— Thos. S. Allen. PoUywogs — E. C. Kammermeyer. Prayer from "Lohengrin" — R. Wag- ner. Pride of the Ninth (The)— J. D. Cline. Prince of Decorah — P. G. Lowery. Pussy — Joel P. Corin. Royal Trumpetei-s (The)— F. R. Seltzer. Salomy Jane — Joel P. Corin. Saucy Darling — L. W. Hardy. "Secret" (Le) — Leonard Gautier. Seeing Paris — Ch. Mougeot. Semper Fideli.s — Sousi. Senora — Jos. S. Nathan. 74th Regiment Band March (The") — F. H. Losey. Silver Trumpet.s — F. H. Losey. Songe D'Automne — Archibald Joyce. Spirit of Independence — Abe Holz- mann. Stars and Stripes Forever (The) — Sousa. Staunch and True— C. Teike. Step Lively — Fred Schwartz. Stilt Dance (The)— Lester W. Keith. St. Vitus Dance—G. E. Holmes. Summer Dream (A)— P. Hans Flath. Take Me on the Rollers — Arr. by Maurice F. Smith. That Italian Rag— Al. Piantadosi. Triumph of the Century — Anton Weiss. Op. 62. Troopers' Tribunal — Henry Fillmore. Under the Double Eagle— J. F. Wag- ner. United Liberty — F H. Losey. Universal Peace — Franz von Blon. a) Vast Unnumber'd Throngs (The) — E. Grieg. b) Solveig's Song — E. Grieg. Vampire (The")— Al. B. Coney. Waldmere — F. H. Losey. Warrior Bold (A) — Frank A. Pa- nella. MUSIC 381 273. Washington Grays — C. S. Grafulla. 274. Wayside Chapel (The)— G. D. Wil- son. 275. Wedding Bells— Al. B. Coney 276. Western Girl — Albert J. Harbridge. 277. What's the Matter with Father— Arr. by J. Bodewalt-Lanipe. 278. When I Get You Alone To-night- Fred Fischer. 279. When the Band Plays Yankee Doo- dle — Joel P. Corin. 280. When the Nightingales are Nesting, Sweet Irene — Arr. by Becker. 281. Whip and Spur— Thos. S. Allen. 282. Whistler and His Dog (The)— A. Pryor. 283. Whistling Johnnies — Fred W. Hager. 284. Winning Fight (The)— Abe Holz- mann. 285. Winter— Albert Gumble. 286. Yale Boola— A. M. Hirsch. Yankee Girl — Abe Holzmann. The Leader's Delight, 140 airs of all countries — Arr. by Paul de Ville. Instrumental solos, vocal solos, and repertoire for chorus are in addition to the above list. 287. 288. CHAPTER SEVENTEEN IMPORTANT EVENTS Knut Gjerset HE was small ere he grew big. It is the old, old story", says the poet A. O. Vinje about his favorite hero Storegut. In conformity with this law of all life, Luther College has also had its years of infancy when it was small in numbers as well as in material equipment. Its first president, Dr. Laur. Larsen, de- scribes very vividly how small it was in 1861 when it was first established in a parsonage at Halfway Creek, near La Crosse, Wisconsin. "The year that the school was in Halfway Creek", he says, "we had only the one building, the parsonage, without any outhouses of any kind. And how many people were crowded together in this building.^ There were two teachers and their families. Professor Schmidt had one child, and Professor Lar- sen two, one of whom died in October. The school had sixteen students, but not more than eleven at any one time. Christian Nilsen and his wife were employed as steward and stewardess for the joint household, as separate housekeeping for each family could not be established. As Nilsen was a carpenter, he made all the simple furniture we had. He also performed such manual labor as the students were unable to do. The housekeepers had one child, and Mrs. Nilsen's mother was also staying with them. Professor Larsen had one room for himself and family, a small adjoining room being used as office, spare room, and hospital. The meals were served in the kitchen, where all ate at the same table. The students were divided into two classes, each of which had one room. These rooms were furnished in the following manner: Our steward had made some narrow beds with rope bottoms, which were placed along the walls. Along the middle of the floor stood long, home-made tables, made as narrow as possible to save room. Between the beds and the tables stood long wooden benches. When the boys arose in the morning, they only had to step across the benches to seat themselves at the tables, where they were to study their lessons." Small it was, indeed, this in- fant Luther College. So small that a committee on standardiza- tion of colleges in our day would never have discovered it. And IMPORTANT EVENTS 383 still it was great even then in those qualities which make an in- stitution of learning truly successful. It had earnest and de- voted students ; teachers of learning and ability, inspired with a high purpose, consecrated to a great work, trained and steadfast in the Word of God. So great was Luther College in spiritual life and force of character that it has never grown since in those es- sentials ; that even now, after sixty years of development and progress in various lines, our prayer must be: May it never grow smaller than it was at its beginning in these traits so necessary to the success of a Christian school. FIRST HOME OF LUTHER COLLEGE- Halfway Creek Parsonage, 1861-62 The founders of Luther College undoubtedly dreamed their dreams. Their visions were not of columned porticos and marble walls, but as practical men they knew that suitable buildings and equipment were necessary to secure the future growth of the in- stitution. No one exercised a more active influence in providing means and equipment for the new school than Rev. V. Koren, the most astute and brilliant of the men who guided the Norwegian Lutheran Synod during the early years. In the many struggles for orthodox Lutheran doctrine waged in those times, no one quite equaled him in thorough scholarship, critical discernment, dialectic 384 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS skill, or resourceful leadership. A deep religious interest had moved him to turn his steps from elegant home surroundings in Norway. After graduating from the University of Christiania he left influential friends and assured distinction to cast his lot with emigrants in a pioneer wilderness. But even in these rustic sur- roundings courtly elegance and refinement of manners never for- sook him. His devout religious character was of an enlightened and intellectual type. He frowned upon emotionalism, but clung with unswerving fidelity to the doctrine of the verbal inspiration of the Bible. The word gegraptai (it is written) engraved on the seal of the Synod was like a device emblazoned on his spiritual armor in every religious controversy. But although he was found in the forefront of every battle where purity of doctrine was at stake, he loved peace, and counted it his chief mission to do a pastor's work of preaching the Gospel to his congregations. He hated ail sham as thoroughly as he loved all true culture. He was never happier than when he was engaged in fostering intellectual interests and in organizing cultural forces among his people. His spirit has lived in the Church which he served, and in Luther Col- lege which he was instrumental in founding. Even now that he is no longer among the living, his impressive personality towers greater than ever as he recedes into the gathering shadows of the past. The early fathers of the Norwegian Lutheran Synod under- stood fully the importance of proper training for the ministers of the Church. According to their views the ministers should not be preachers only, but spiritual and intellectual leaders capable of waging successfully the battles of a Church forced to remain militant by existing circumstances, being surrounded on all sides by religous influences of every sort. The school to be erected would accordingly have to be of a high type, a spiritual armory where theological leaders could be properly equipped. The stu- dents should not only be well versed in Christian doctrines and in the teachings of the Church, in history and modern languages; they should also be specially prepared for theological study through extensive courses in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, as no scholarly theologians could be developed except through a thor- ough knowledge of the classical languages in which the Scriptures and most of the theological literature are written. The teachers should take care to impart genuine intellectual culture, to culti- vate in the students love for simplicity and truth, and to banish from their minds all pretense, sham, and humbug. The primary IMPORTANT EVENTS 385 purpose of the school should be to prepare young men for the study of theology, but it should also serve the people as a general institution of learning. The committee appointed to superintend the erection of the College, of which Revs. V. Koren and C. L. Clausen were the leading members, states in its report to the Church Council of November 5, 1861 : "The committee has unanimously decided so to arrange the plan of the institution that the school which is to prepare students for the theological seminary shall also receive students who wish to prepare themselves for other professions, and desire to serve their country in those civil callings which require more extensive knowledge." This, then, was Luther College as it was conceived in the minds of its founders. In 1857, at a meeting of the Synod held in the Little Iowa congregation, Winneshiek County, Iowa, of which Rev. V. Koren was pastor, a resolution was passed that a higher institution of learning — a university — was to be established, and that a fund for this purpose was to be raised by general subscription. In 1861 a committee of which Professor Laur. Larsen, and Revs. V. Koren and H. A. Preus, president of the Synod, were leading members, recommended to the general church meeting held at Rock Prairie, Wisconsin, that steps should at once be taken to build a school in Decorah, Iowa, this town "being centrally located and easy of access", and that the thirty-two acre tract of land which Rev. V. Koren had purchased there for the sum of $1,500 should be bought for school grounds. This recommendation was adopted by the meeting, which resolved to erect a school building in Decorah. A more beautiful site could not have been selected. At this time Decorah was still a small frontier town, but immigrants from Norway were pouring into this center of early Norwegian im- migration. Every summer numbers of immigrant chests would arrive in town bearing the address "Decorah, Jova". New thriv- ing Norwegian settlements were springing up on all sides in northern Iowa and southern Minnesota, and many congregations were organized. But the flow of immigration gradually veered to the northwest, and the great railways, which courted wealth rather than beauty, extended their giant arms in the same direc- tion. Decorah was not to become a queen in the commercial world, nor did the town even have the good fortune to be located on one of the principal lines of communication. Like some un- wooed country beauty it was destined to remain in its semi-rustic isolation. In time this affected the growth of Luther College rather unfavorably, but it has tended also to render permanent its 386 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS conservative individual character. Even now, after sixty years, it remains what its founders dedicated it to be — a classical col- lege for men. In the effort to raise a university fund of $50,000 the lead was taken by President H. A. Preus' congregations at Spring Prairie, Bonnet Prairie, and Norway Grove, Wisconsin, and by Rev. V. Koren's congregations in Winneshiek County, near De- corah. But the newer congregations in Minnesota on the very frontier, where the Indians massacred and scalped their victims in 1862, were not behindhand in contributing to the full extent of their ability. Already in 1861 the sum of $19,332 in paid sub- scriptions was reported. In 1864 the amount subscribed reached $51,831.87. The task of raising such a sum in scattered new settlements of immigrant pioneers still living in their simple log cabins, in those dark days of the Civil War when most of the strongest men were away from home fighting for their country in the armies of the Union, when money was so scarce, and farm products so cheap, could be accomplished only because the set- tlers were willing to make the greatest sacrifices. We read with an interest not unmingled with emotion the subscription lists of those days: 1862; Styrk Reque, $100; Peder Simon Nordgaren, $100; Gunder Kitelsen Lunde, $100; Knud Halvorsen Dalen, $100; etc. One hundred dollars payable in gold was a large sum in those days when eggs were sold for six cents a dozen, butter for ten cents a pound, dressed pork for two and a half to three cents a pound, and when the average farm with houses and im- provements was not worth over five or six hundred dollars. If our people now would give, not in proportion, but half in propor- tion, one might wonder what would really happen. Until the building should be erected the school at Halfway Creek was to receive new temporary quarters in Decorah in the building now known as St. Cloud Hotel, which had been bought for the purpose. Here Luther College began the second year of its activity in the fall of 1862. The following summer a new church meeting at Rock River, Wisconsin, passed a resolution that the school building should be completed as soon as possible, and that the work should be carried forward with the greatest energy. In June, 1864, the work on the foundation had advanced so far that the corner-stone could be laid. This was done with ap- propriate ceremonies on the 30th of that month. On Februar}' 1, 1865, the College was incorporated under the name "The Nor- wegian Luther College", with Rev. H. A. Preus as president of the corporation. Rev. V. Koren secretary. Professor Laur. Lar- IMPORTANT EVENTS 387 sen treasurer; and Rev. N. Brandt, Thore Peterson, Gulbrand T. Lomen, Jens J. Naeset, Tjerand Johnson, and Rev. O. J. Hjort as trustees. The official report of the seventh annual meeting of the Synod says about the articles of incorporation: "In the Synod meeting, the articles of incorporation of the Norwegian Luther College were read; also the deed to its property in Decorah. It was stated that after unsuccessful attempts to incorporate the Synod, the College was incorporated in such a manner that all ministers and representatives at the Synod meetings are members of the college corporation, and must elect the officials (board of trustees) of the corporation." SECOND HOME OF LUTHER COLLEGE— St. Cloud Hotel, 1862-65 In the fall of 1865 the college building, costing nearly $75,000, was so nearly completed that it could open its doors to the stu- dent body for the school year. On October 14th of that year it was dedicated with impressive ceremonies as The Norwegian Lu- ther College. Thousands of people had gathered from far and near for this occasion, the most memorable church event that the Norwegian settlers had yet attended in America. It is estimated that 6,000 people participated in the festival. Early Saturday morning a large procession formed at the bridge across the Up- per Iowa River, and marched to the college building. The Church Council, and ministers and delegates from a large number of 388 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS congregations were present, also representatives from the college and theological seminary of the German Lutheran Missouri Synod, the professors Lange and Brauer. During the program in the college building speeches were made by Prof. F. A. Schmidt, Rev. V. Koren and Prof. Lange. The president of the Synod, Rev. H. A. Preus, delivered the dedication sermon, choosing as his text the following words from the 126th Psalm: "The Lord hath done great things for us; whereof we are glad." The dedication festival was over. Congratulations and hearty wishes for success had been received, the friends and vis- itors had come and gone. The school now found itself established in a new, commodious home, where it could enter upon years of diligent labor with hope and cheerfulness. No one felt more elated over the completion of the college building than Profes- sor Laur. Larsen, president of the school since its first humble beginning in Halfway Creek. Now he could be seen in his office, with beaming face bent over his books and papers, working from break of day till ten o' clock at night, the regular length of his working day during the forty-one years which he was president of Luther College. Peter Laurentius Larsen (Laur. Larsen) brought to his work a methodical diligence and conscientious punctuality which were the results of rigorous discipline and thorough early training. His election proved to be the choice not only of an administrative officer, but of a character and a policy. As a devout Lutheran theologian and firm supporter of the ideals of classical learning he proved to be the best possible exponent of those traits which have become most distinctive in the life of Luther College. Kind and fatherly in his ways, averse to all show and ostentation, he adhered with patriarchal strength and serenity of mind to pure Biblical doctrine, conforming rigorously to Christian principles in all details of life and conduct. He was not only the administrative head but the spiritual father of the institution. During his long incumbency he infused into it his own spirit, giving it so distinct and individual a character that later growth has never changed its fundamental traits. The phrase "Luther College spirit", though undefined and probably undefinable, is still by some used to indicate a certain austere and conservative religious and intellectual attitude, a love of scholarly attainments, and opposition to all sham and display supposed to characterize Luther College men. How well Lar- sen succeeded in realizing the chief aim of the school can be seen from the fact that during his presidency, 1861-1902, sixty-five per cent of the graduates of the College entered the theological IMPORTANT EVENTS 389 seminary. If knowledge is power, character is a still greater power. Larsen had both. He was an accurate scholar and a well disciplined theologian, but it was his character rather than his knowledge which made him a great educator. He imparted to Luther College the power of his own Christian character, a force which made it a strong and influential institution of learn- ing, even though it has remained relatively small in point of num- bers. For many years Professor Larsen was also the editor of the official organ of the Synod, the "Kirketidende". As we re- member him now plying his never weary pen, bending his white head over his large open Bible, we can only say: May God give us men equally faithful and unselfish in their devotion to divine truth and conscientious service to mankind. Luther College continued to prosper. In the decade 1865- 1875 the number of students rose from 58 to 229, and many new teachers were added to the faculty. The south wing of the col- lege building, completed in 1874, was dedicated on December 2nd of that year. In 1881 the course of study which extended through six years including the college preparatory classes was lengthened to seven years. Hitherto the College had been operated on the plan of the Latin schools in Norway; now the American plan of a college preparatory or high school course and a four-year college course was adopted. Besides training students for entrance to the College the preparatory course should give young men such general education as would fit them for business pursuits and for general leadership in their home communities. The growing need of teachers also led to the establishing at Luther College of a teachers' course, which was maintained from 1865 till 1886. At first the only aim was to prepare parochial teachers, but in 1868 an extra year was added to the course so that teachers could be educated also for the public schools. The College was not only growing in numbers, buildings and equipment, it was also broad- ening the scope of its activity, and adjusting itself more fully to American educational standards as well as to the needs of the Norwegian settlers in their new environment. But even these ef- forts to widen the activity of the College did not satisfy the grow- ing demand for more popular education and the erection of new schools within easier reach of the growing settlements especially in the Northwest. In 1874 an association was organized through the efforts of the great church leader, President B. J. Muus of the Minnesota District of the Synod, for the purpose of founding a new school at Northfield, Minnesota. A commodious building was erected on a beautiful campus overlooking the town. On 390 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS January 8^ 1875, the coeducational academy, the St. Olaf's School, the first of a large number of academies built by the Church, began its work with two teachers and thirty-six students. The president of the school, Professor Th. N. Mohn, as well as his assistant, Professor L. S. Reque, were graduates of Luther College. In 1886 the school was changed to St. Olaf College, an institution which has grown to be the largest school in the Nor- wegian Lutheran Church in America. Besides preparing students MAIN BUILDING, 1874 for the theological seminary, Luther College had now trained a number of educators and church leaders, which made it possible to enter upon the building of a series of academies and other ed- ucational institutions in the Church. Nothing could furnish more convincing evidence of the profound influence exerted by Luther College than the number of daughter schools which trace their origin to the alma mater of their early teachers, presidents, and founders. In 1876 Monona Academy, Madison, Wisconsin, was built by congregations belonging to the Synod. Willmar Semi- nary, Willmar, Minnesota, founded by the Luther College gradu- ates A. M. Hove and H. S. Hilleboe, began its work in 1883. From that time the number of new schools grew rapidly. The IMPORTANT EVENTS 391 Bode Academy^ Bode, Iowa, was opened in 1887; Luther Acad- emy, Albert Lea, Minnesota, in 1888; the Lutheran Normal School, Sioux Falls, S. Dak., in 1889; Bruflat Academy, Port- land, N. Dak., in 1889; Stoughton Academy, Stoughton, Wis., in 1889; Park Region Luther College, Fergus Falls, Minn., in 1892; the Lutheran Ladies' Seminary, Red Wing, Minn., in 1894; Pacific Lutheran Academy and Business College, Parkland, Wash., in 1894; Glenwood Academy, Glenwood, Minn., in 1894; Clifton College, Clifton, Texas, in 1896. Grand Forks College was bought by Synod people in 1900; Albion Academy, or H. A. Preus Academy, Albion, Wis., was bought from the Adventists in 1901, and Gale College, Galesville, Wis., from the Presbyterians; Wittenberg Academy was owned and operated jointly by the Norwegian Lutheran Synod and the German Missouri Synod from 1901. Since Luther College was established chiefly for the purpose of preparing young men for the ministry, it might seem natural to expect that a theological course would be added to its cur- riculum, but this was never done. The graduates were sent to the theological seminary of the German Missouri Synod in St. Louis until the Synod established its own theological seminary in Madison, Wisconsin, in 1876. The early leaders of the Church, who were university men of high scholarly attainments, feared that a theological department, if connected with the College, might prove to be an incubus inimical to its growth. Even in the early days, when the need of ministers was so great that short courses and superficial training might seem not only excusable but politic, they refused to inaugurate a policy which might prove unfavor- able to thorough scholastic training. They wished to maintain high intellectual standards, and genuine scholarship in secular branches. "Everything should be butter to the bottom, and not only on top", as Professor Larsen expressed it in a speech in 1884. The Augustana Synod, founded by Swedish and Norwegian im- migrants in 1860, had founded Augustana College and Seminary, Paxton, Illinois. From this school sprang Augsburg Seminary, Minneapolis, Minnesota, the school of the Norwegian Lutheran Conference. Both these institutions had theological departments, but neither of them laid much stress on purely secular branches. Luther College, as a protagonist of classical scholarship and thor- ough training in secular branches, a school with its own strong individuality, wholly distinct from the theological seminary, oc- cupied a unique position, and exerted a profound influence on the 392 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS development of the whole school system of the Norwegian Lu- theran Church in America. Hitherto good fortune had smiled on Luther College, but it was nevertheless destined to ride the angry billows of the storm. In 1880 a great doctrinal controversy arose regarding the ques- tion of predestination, at first between Professor C. F. W. Wal- ther of the Missouri Synod and Professor F. A. Schmidt, Profes- sor Larsen's old colleague, now professor of theology in Luther Seminary of the Norwegian Synod, Madison, Wisconsin. The controversy spread throughout the Synod even to the congrega- tions and the lay people, and became so bitter that in 1887 seven- ty-two ministers and professors, a number which was later in- creased to ninety-seven, seceded from the Synod with their con- gregations. This was a severe blow, visible so far as Luther Col- lege was concerned in reduced attendance and prestige for many years subsequent. Hardly had the storm of doctrinal controversy subsided when fire broke out in the college building. May 19, 1889, reducing it to a melancholy ruin. The library and furniture were saved, but the loss was very great, as the building was insured only for $10,000. But in these days of adversity the friends of the College rallied to its support with a determination begotten of trials. In 1880 the Luther College Alumni Association had been founded through the efforts of John Koren and Gisle Bothne. In 1888 it was incorporated. So energetic were the efforts of this associa- tion and other friends to restore the College and to render good its losses, that in 1890 a new building rose on the smoke-stained foundation, even more beautiful and commodious than the old. On October 14th and 15th of that year the new college building was dedicated. Prof. Laur. Larsen himself preaching the dedication sermon. It was a great festival. The Rev. J. A. Ottesen, Prof. L. S. Reque, and others spoke, and poems written for the occasion by Rev. V. Koren and Prof. Th. Bothne were read. In the after- noon Prof. H. G. Stub of Luther Seminary spoke on the follow- ing words from the prophet Haggai (2:9): "The glory of this latter house shall be greater than of the former, saith the Lord of hosts; and in this place will I give peace, saith the Lord of hosts." In 1902 President Larsen tendered his resignation to the Synod assembled in general meeting in Minneapolis, Minnesota. At the college commencement exercises June 18th he stood for the last time before the assembled school as its president. His coal- black hair had turned white as snow. At the close of the ex- IMPORTANT EVENTS 393 ercises he thanked his friends^ and wished the school godspeed for the future. He then took his hat and walked quietly to his home. No demonstration of any kind gave color to this quiet but important event. The same church meeting which accepted Dr. Larsen's resignation elected as his successor Prof. C. K. Preus. On September 4th he ascended the rostrum in the college chapel. After stating that he had been elected president he conducted de- votional exercises, speaking on the text from St. Matthew (4:4<), "Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that pro- ceedeth out of the mouth of God". No ceremony of any kind attended his unostentatious debut as president of the College. With the election of President Preus a new era began in the development of Luther College. Hitherto the institution had pre- served a distinct pioneer character marked by a frugal content- ment which was a legacy of early days. With a certain aloof- ness and modest reserve the school had proceeded quietly on its way, as though further innovations might offend the lares and penates of its well regulated academic household. President Preus possessed in an eminent degree the qualifications most needed in a new administration. Being a son of the former pres- ident of the Synod, Rev. H. A. Preus, he sprang from a distin- guished family, and was reared in a home of great culture and refinement. He could move with tact and grace in the highest circles, but none of the old church leaders understood the com- mon people so well, or came in so close and sympathetic touch with them. No one in the Synod, possibly with the exception of his father, was so popular, or had so large and devoted a personal following. In conversation he was magnetic, jovial, and court- eous ; in appearance attractive, with a face of beaming intel- ligence; in speech he was eloquent — serious, pathetic, humorous, or cordial, as the occasion demanded — with a voice so deep and sonorous that it could be heard by thousands. In intellectual character he combined conservative views with keen practical judgment and progressive energy. In religious views he was most orthodox, in adherence to the ideals of classical learning he was uncompromising. Because of these traits he could not in- augurate a policy which in any way would change the character of the school. But in questions pertaining to the improving and enlarging of the equipment of the institution, enriching its cur- riculum or winning for it a wider and more general recognition, he was an enthusiastic progressist. In 1903 a general meeting of the Synod was to assemble in Decorah to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the found- 394 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS ing of the Church. In anticipation of this notable church gather- ing, President Preus secured the enlargement of the college gym- nasium to three times its original size, to provide a suitable audi- torium for the meeting. In 1905 a fourth year was added to the college preparatory course, making it not only equivalent but in some respects superior to a regular high-school course. In 1906 President Preus brought before the yearly meeting of the Synod a request for a new dormitory. The meeting hesitated, but fin- ally passed a resolution instructing the Church Council to make such arrangements that he could travel about and raise the neces- sary money by general subscription. This arduous task he gladly undertook. In the fall of 1907 the new building, the Laur. Larsen Hall, had been completed at a cost of over $75,000. In one part of the building a well equipped chemical laboratory was es- tablished at a considerable cost; later also a physical laboratory. In 1916 a new dining hall, the Loyalty Hall, was erected at the cost of $16,000. The final cost added $2,000 more. A revision of the curriculum was undertaken in 1906 for the purpose of making the courses more elastic than they had been hitherto. The elective system in a very attenuated form was in- troduced by establishing a literary course to run parallel with the classical course during the junior and senior years. But six years of Latin, three years of Greek, and one year of Hebrew were required also in the literary course. In 1918 Hebrew was made an elective. In 1911 the whole eight years' course of the school was standardized, and organized in such a way as to meet the requirements of the theological seminary on the one hand, and on the other the standard university requirements for a B. A. degree. In 1918 the sub-preparatory work, which had been given in special classes since 1911, was organized into a separate class, and the Preparatory Department was divided into a Junior High School with a two years' course, and a Senior High School with a three years' course. In that year Luther College also joined the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, by which organization it had already been accredited for several years. In 1911 Luther College would celebrate the fiftieth anniver- sary of its founding. For this occasion its friends resolved to raise an endowment fund which would give the school added strength and stability. Mr. L. S. Swenson, United States Min- ister to Norway, one of the most distinguished alumni of the Col- lege, had secured from the great railway magnate, Mr. James J. Hill, the promise of $50,000 toward such a fund if the Church IMPORTANT EVENTS 393 would raise $200^000. The offer was accepted. Another distin- guished alumnus. Rev. H. G. Stub, president of the Synod, under- took to raise the needed sum by general subscription, a task which he carried out so successfully that in the fall of 1911 the total subscription, including Mr. Hill's donation, amounted to $286,000. At the anniversary celebration October 14th a fund of $250,000 was presented to the College by President Stub on behalf of its friends. President Preus was never disposed to seek relaxation from labor or to rest on laurels already won. In 1918 he prevailed on the church meetings to empower the college Board of Trustees to raise funds by general subscription for a library building. The work of soliciting the subscriptions was largely done by himself alone. At the same time a movement was also set on foot to pro- vide funds for a new gymnasium. The erection of the library building was begun in the fall of 1920, but Preus was not destined FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY, 1911 to see its completion. In the morning of May 28, 1921, word was received announcing his sudden death. Voices were hushed, and busy tasks were laid aside. Dr. Oscar L. Olson was placed in charge as temporary president, and preparations were made to show the departed worker the last honors which could be his on earth. The library building, named the Koren Library in honor of the former president of the Synod, Rev. V. Koren, was com- pleted at a cost of $130,000 in time to be dedicated in connection with the celebration of the sixtieth anniversary of the founding of the College, October 14, 1921. If the election of C. K. Preus as president marks a new epoch in the history of Luther College, his death, and especially the 396 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS war, which made also his burdens so heavy, probably mark an- other. When the war bugles blew, the young men of military age at the school joined the colors. Not less than 356 Luther College students and graduates entered the army. Of these eight are known to have died in the service. For a time the class-rooms looked almost deserted, until the government in October, 1918, established at the College a Students' Army Training Corps in charge of Lieutenants Harold H, Fisher and Allen C. Grundy. Both these officers were fine young men, who cooperated cordially with the faculty in attempting to solve the problems connected with the sudden change of the school into a military establish- ment. The curriculum was completely rearranged to meet the new demands of training young men for the army. The old courses were made elective, and new ones were added, the only required courses in the new curriculum being war aims (3 hours )j military English (2 hours), religion (1 hour). A spirit of co- operation and good-will characterized the work. According to general opinion and the reports of all inspectors, the Luther Col- lege S. A. T. C. was a very successful unit. It was demobilized December 11, 1918. In all other war activities the teachers of the school and their wives took an active part. Luther College performed well the duty of serving its country during the great crisis of the war. Another military unit, the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, established in January, 1919, at the request of the college faculty, with Lieutenant Harold H. Fisher as profes- sor of military science, was not so successful as the S. A. T. C. All interest in military affairs seemed to vanish with the war, and the unit was demobilized January 9, 1920. Successful as the S. A. T. C. unit was in a general way, its influence nevertheless impaired the old standards of scholarship. Under pressure of the great war academic work could not receive the customary attention in a busy military routine. To this grief new sorrows were added when Governor W. L. Harding on May 23, 1918, issued a proclamation stating among other things that "English should and must be the only medium of instruction in public, private, denominational, and other similar schools." Eng- lish was the only medium of instruction in Luther College, and as it was thought that the proclamation was not intended to affect in- struction in foreign languages in higher institutions of learning, and encouraged by the United States commissioner of education, Mr. Claxton, the College retained both German and Norse in its curriculum. But the interest in languages other than English was greatly weakened by this Draconian measure. Before the war IMPORTANT EVENTS 397 three Norwegian societies flourished at Luther College. Governor Harding's proclamation destroyed them all, and no effort since has been able to revive them. Also in other respects the war left traces of its vitiating influence. Even long after it was over, a lack of feeling of responsibility and devotion to scholarly ideals prevailed, which only patient and persistent effort has been able to overcome. But the hand which heals all wounds will also ef- face the fiery trail of the war dragon. A new generation, bright- eyed with the hope of youth, is entering Luther College in in- creasing numbers. The institution has now the largest attendance in its history. We welcome them as the heirs to the inheritance. They will work and build as did their fathers under the egis of the same covenant which God made with King Solomon: "I have hallowed this house which thou hast built, to put My name there forever, and Mine eyes and Mine heart shall be there perpetual- LUTHER COLLEGE ^/7Y/-/'//i /Yf///f/r///^// //y/Z/JA/ /////^////////•M/rJMrA/A/;^j///M^^^ ^mifd^mM0gJ^y/J /vi/ //uiMM/u/w^/: 9^ twenty-second. r/aM/ // . twentn-one. Mr:^^^/a^^,i^>^^^^ .■^^.. j(^^i/im/:^/f^?n^ ifcr»iKo'6>Aca A TESTIMONIAL CHAPTER EIGHTEEN SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY Carlo A. Sperati PREPARATIONS for the Sixtieth Anniversary festivities com- menced in earnest as soon as school opened in the fall. Com- mittees were elected, meetings were held, plans were laid, and faculty and student body were busy as bees on College Hill. Nor were friends in the city idle. They rose to the occasion to help Luther prepare for the home-coming. For, indeed, such it was for the many sons and friends of our Alma Mater. Nature herself did not forget us. She was very kind during the four days of festivities. Her best attire, her warm sunny smile, her soothing moonlight evenings, helped to make every- body happy. The celebration commenced Thursday afternoon of October 13th. This day was the late President C. K. Preus' birth- day. He would have been 69 years old had he lived. We missed him; but God's thoughts are not our thoughts, neither are our ways His ways. Professor Preus had fought a good fight, he had finished his course, he had kept the faith. Now he rested from his labors, and the crown of righteousness was his. It has been the custom in late years that the graduating class presents a gift to the College in memory of the class. This year Professor Preus had suggested to the class of 1921 that a flag pole on the campus would be a very welcome gift. The class gladly acted on the suggestion, and so it happened that on the 13th of October a 95-foot flag pole, with cement foundation, could be dedicated. The faculty and this year's students bought a beautiful, large, American flag. The ceremonies for the raising of the flag were simple but impressive. The faculty, students, and Luther College Concert Band, together with friends from town and those guests who had already arrived, gathered around the flag pole. At this occasion the Preus family, in reunion for the last time at the president's home, was present. The flag was raised to the strains of "The Star Spangled Banner". Dr. Oscar L. Olson delivered a brief address, in which he paid a tribute to President Preus, in whose memory the day for the flag-raising had been chosen, and empha- SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY 399 sized the relations of Luther College to our country and our peo- ple and the faithfulness of the College to the ideals that are symbolized by the Stars and Stripes. After the address the as- sembly sang, "My Country, 'Tis of Thee", accompanied by the band. This ended the short but very impressive ceremony. Guests had already begun to arrive on Wednesday the 12th, and on Thursday evening the hotels were filled. The housing com- FLAG POLE, DEDICATED OCTOBER 13, 1921 mittee was on hand day and night. Not only were the guests that had reported told where to go, but autos were ready to take them to their places. The festivities proper commenced with the dedication of Koren Library Friday afternoon, October 14th. Professor Karl T. Ja- cobsen, '02, the college librarian, has an article on "The Library" in the anniversary number of "College Chips". He also gives "An Addition" in the November number of "Chips". Near the northwest corner of the library was erected a plat- form for the speakers of the day. The large audience filled the bleachers and the raised seats to the north and those who could get no seat gathered around the platform. The Luther College Concert Band was seated on the west. 400 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS At 2:30 the band opened the exercises with a half-hour con- cert as a prelude. The band also accompanied all the hymns. At 3: 00 o'clock the hymn: "Thee^ God, we praise. Thy name we bless", was sung, after which Rev. J. Nordby of the class of '73, president of the Eastern District of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, offered the invocation. The opening address was delivered by Hon. J. A. O. Preus, '03, governor of Minnesota, son of our late president, C. K. Preus. Governor Preus connected the day and Luther College with the great reformer. Dr. Martin Luther. The ideals in gov- ernment and religion which Luther laid before the world at the Diet at Worms, just four centuries ago, in 1521, freedom in state and church, are the ideals for which Luther College stands. Governor Preus spoke of the man for whom the new library building was named. He said in part: "Our pur- pose on this 14th of October is not only to celebrate the birthday of Luther Col- lege, but also to honor the memory of one of the noblest men who came to America — Dr. Koren." He portrayed the life of this great pioneer, whose sole purpose was to serve God. After Governor Preus' address fol- lowed Koren's hymn: "Ye lands, to the Lord make a jubilant noise." Dr. O. E. Brandt, '79, vice-president of Luther Theological Seminary, St. Paul, Minn., delivered the dedication address. Dr. Brandt spoke of Dr. V. Koren as "The Man of the Word", and of Professor C. K. Preus as "The Man of the Work". "Dr. Brandt gave as the reason for placing the name 'Koren Library' on this building that Dr. Koren was of all the pioneers the one who was most of all interested in books and good literature. However, the main reason for thus naming the new library must be that Koren's name represents that spirit which must govern the use of this treasury of books and historic monuments. And here, he said, he referred not to Dr. Koren's well known hatred of sham in matters educational, but to the thought which is best expressed in Dr. Koren's favorite prayer from Psalm 86, 11: GOV. J. A. 0. PHEUS SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY 401 'Unite my hearty O God, to fear Thy Name'. Dr. Keren's high- est purpose in life was to do honor to the name of God. The Word of God was his most highly prized possession, and for him all books were of value as they supported or explained the Scrip- tures. In "this spirit Dr. Koren, the man of the Word, laid the foundations of this library in the Scriptures. "It was the work of President C. K. Preus to build on this foundation the workshop which was being dedicated. Although keenly realizing that it was largely due to the efforts of Dr. Lar- sen and Prof. Naeseth that Luther College has its excellent collection of books for which the building was erected, still it was given to Prof. Preus to complete the work for the new building, which it was not his lot to see in its finished form. "Thereupon Dr. Brandt pro- nounced the words of dedication : 'By the authority of the Board of Trustees of Luther College of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, I now do set apart and consecrate this library and museum, in memory of Ulrik Vilhelm Koren, in gratitude to Christian Keyser Preus, to the service of sacred learn- DR. o. E. BRANDT j^g j^ the Spirit of Luther, for the advancement of Luther College and the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, and to the glory of God, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.' "* These impressive words were followed by the majestic hymn: "God's Word is our great heritage". Professor J. C. M. Hanson, '82, associate director of the Un- iversity of Chicago Libraries and a member of the building com- mittee for Koren Library, spoke on the more technical side of the library. His remarks, he said, would "deal more directly with the library, its past history, present problems, and possible fu- ture developments". He told of the organization of the private library, properly named "Mimer", "for that character in Norse Mythology which * Carl W. Strom, '19, in "Decorah Public Opinion." 402 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS sat at the foot of the oak Ygdrasil and drank wisdom from the fountain which there gushed forth, and to whom even Odin had to turn when in mental perplexity." "Mimer" was later merged with the college library. "This," said Professor Hanson, "and the gradual acquisition through gift and purchase of some of the best works of Scandinavian writers, particularly in literature and history, has resulted in one of the best collections of books on the north of Europe to be found anywhere in America". In 1914 the Bishop Bang Library was purchased. This was made possible through "the generosity of the late Mr. Hauman Haugan, a staunch friend of the College, and the alert inter- est of an honored alumnus, Mr. Laurits S. Swenson of Minneapolis, then and now U. S. minister to Norway. . ' . . We have, then, in this building today, the nucleus of what I believe is destined to become the largest and best collection of books in northern Iowa, and, as far as books on the Scandinavian North is con- cerned, . . . one of the leading collec- tions in this country." After Professor Hanson's address fol- lowed the doxology: "Praise God, from Whom all blessings flow", and the bene- diction, pronounced by Rev. I. B. Tor- PROF. J. C. M. HANSON rison '79. The dedication of Koren Library closed with the "Hallelujah Chorus", from Handel's "Messiah", sung by the choir of the First Norwegian Lutheran Church of Decorah, accompanied by the Concert Band. One of the interesting features of the festivities was the re- union of Luther College Musical Union. Some brought their own instruments and others were supplied from the stock at the College. At 4:30 they assembled in the College Auditorium to rehearse for the concert in the evening. A Reunion Band was organized: 7 flutes and piccolos, 1 E flat clarinet, 17 B flat clarinets, 1 oboe, 2 bassoons, 9 saxophones, 20 cornets, 14 horns, 8 trombones, 6 baritones, 8 tubas, 1 pair of tympani, 8 snare drums, 4 bass drums, which, counting the director, made a band of 107 members. It SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY 403 was a happy group. All were young again although many had passed the sixty mark. Could they play.^ Those who had been skeptical on this point found it wise to hold their peace and say nothing. This was no trifling band. It was the old-timers that were playing, and younger members looked and listened with awe. Not only did they show remarkable technic, but they played with such preci- sion and feeling that it was an inspiration to the conductor and a rare musical treat for the audience. At 7:30 the time-honored illumination took place. At the tapping of the college bell the Main Building blazed forth in light while the Concert Band, according to custom, played the battle hymn of the Reformation: "A Mighty Fortress is our God". The college motto: "Soli Deo Gloria", shone forth in all its splen- dor, as did also the numbers 1861 and 1921. Suddenly the Main Building was in darkness and a strong light showed from the east, and there was the newly dedicated daughter of the old mother building on the hill all lighted and with flood lights play- ing on the beautiful structure, shifting to the Luther Statue and to the other buildings ; and above all Old Glory, lighted by a steady, strong flood light, as it lazily waved with the breeze. The light on Old Glory continued when all was darkness on the cam- pus. After the illumination everybody hurried to the Auditorium. The exercises commenced with the singing of that hymn which, ever since Dr. Laur. Larsen's days, has marked the opening of the 14th of October exercises: "Lad os bede lysets Fader". The vocal features of the concert were a solo by Rev. H. B. Thorgrimsen, '79, two numbers by the Winneshiek County San- gerforbund, Reissiger's "Olaf Trygvason" and Ph. Nicolai's chor- ale "Wake, awake, for night is flying", and last "In Flanders Fields", with the musical setting by Dr. Adolph O. Aaker, ex-'99, of Velva, N. D., and sung by Rev. Ove J. H. Preus, '01, with band accompaniment. Rev. H. B. Thorgrimsen was one of the foremost singers in the former Synod, and although his hair has a silver lining his voice is as young and sympathetic as ever. That he pleased the audience was evidenced by the hearty applause and the call for encore. Winneshiek County Sangerforbund sang with precision and fine ensemble. Dr. Aaker's composition, played from manuscript, is a fine piece of art with a true inspiration. Rev. Ove J. H. 404 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Preus, of the class of '01, has a well schooled, sonorous, and pleas- ing baritone voice. He sang Dr. Aaker's composition with feel- ing and power. A xylophone solo, "The Mocking-Bird", was given with great effect by C. Vittorio Sperati, '25, accompanied by the band. Mr. Sperati's xylophone work always makes a hit with the audience. This time his xylophone seemed to have a peculiar birdlike ring, especially in the strain, "Listen to the Mocking-Bird". Both the soloist and the band listened, and they played softer and softer. Some master whistler in the audience had picked up the melody with its variations, and the xylophone and band gave a harmon- ious background. Dr. Olson helped the audience to discover the whistler. He was none other than the governor of Minnesota. The applause was loud and long and the audience was not satis- fied until Governor Preus appeared on the stage and repeated part of the number. He is a former member of the Luther Col- lege Concert Band, and his whistling solos with band accompani- ment never failed to take the audience by storm. This ended the first half of the program. In addition to the greetings delivered orally at the sixtieth anniversary exercises. Professor O. A. Tingelstad, '05, read tele- grams and greetings from friends and alumni who were not able to be present. Many greetings contained donations to the build- ing fund. There were telegrams or letters from the following: Rev. T. Lerud, '10; Prof. C. Tyssen, '06; Prof. A. L. Bron- stad, '19; Prof. E. R. Larson, '20, Clifton, Texas. Gudmund Thorgrimsen, '17; G. A. Fjeldstad, '16, Grand Forks, N. D. The Chicago Norwegian Club, by T. A. Siqueland, president, Chicago, 111. The State Bank of Chicago, by Henry A. Haugan, president, Chicago, 111. Prof. J. S. Nordgaard, '80; Prof. H. S. Hilleboe, '81; Prof. O. A. Solheim, '81; Prof. C. M. Christiansen, '81, Sioux Falls, S. D. M. E. Remmen, '88; Sven Hanson, '09; E. F. Kiland, '17, Hettinger, N. D. National Capital Luther College Club, by T. Jahr, '96; S. N. Dahl, '07; G. H. Gerald, '01; O. A. Juve, '07; P. C. Paulson, '04, Washington, D. C. P. O. C. Johnson, '06; J. E. Strand, '05; O. K. Omlie, '95, Watford City, N. D. John M. Brendal, '06, Glenwood, Minn. Missionary Rev. Johannes Astrup, '93, Mandal, Norway. Rev. C. Hougstad, '93, Wausau, Wis. Dr. H. A. Reque, '94, Brooklyn, N. Y. Rev. O. E. Heim- dahl, '95, Fir, Wash. Dr. and Mrs. S. N. Hagen, '96, Gettys- burg, Pa. Rev. O. J. Ordal, '98, Everett, Wash. Dr. J. A. O. Stub, '98, Minneapolis, Minn. Rev. Alfred Hendrickson, '06; Rev. T. L. Rosholdt, '99; and Carl Rosholdt, '06, Wolf Point, Mont. SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY 405 The Greater New York Ministerial Conference, by Rev. Helmer Halvorson, '04, pres. ; Rev. A. O. Bjerke, ex. '02, sec. Rev. G. A. Hanson, '05, Goodridge, Minn. Dr. C. Fjeldstad, '05, Minneap- olis, Minn. H. O. Saxvik, '05; Joseph Lee, '18; Harald Tolo, '21; L. C. Sorlien, '21, Wahpeton, N. D. Prof. Herman C. Nordlie, '06, Fargo, N. D. Rev. E. Struxness, '06; Rev. J. C. Wisnaes, '09; Rev. V. F. Larson, '11; C. P. Birkelo, '17, Nome, N. D. Rev. J. W. Rosholdt, '07, Crosby, N. D. Rev. K. B. Vaaler, '10; Elmer A. Peterson, Brandt, S. D. Rev. A. N. Livdahl, '11, Glasgow, Mont. Prof. Enoch E. Peterson, '12, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Rev. O. J. Mithun, '15, Anaconda, Mont. Rev. and Mrs. J. Magnus Rohne, Cambridge, Mass. Prof. Roy O. Storvick, '21, Canton, S. D. The California Circuit of the Norw. Luth. Church of America, by Rev. E. M. Stensrud, '93, pres.; Rev. N. B. Thorpe, '14, sec, Santa Barbara. Herman L. Ronnei, '15, St. Francis, Minn. Augustana College and Normal School, Sioux Falls, S. D., by Dr. Albert Keiser, sec. Faculty and Students, Lutheran Normal School, Can- ton, S. D. Gale College, Galesville, Wis., by Prof. H. F. Swan- sen, '14, and Rev. L. S. J. Reque, '94. Lutheran Ladies' Semin- ary Corporation, Red Wing, Minn., by Dr. C. L. Opsal, pres. Red Wing Seminary, by Prof. H. E. Jorgensen, pres. St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minn., by Dr. L. W. Boe, pres. The Symra Society, Decorah, Iowa, by J. B. Wist and J. A. Nelson. Rev. O. H. Smeby, '71, Albert Lea, Minn. Prof. O. G. Felland, '74; Prof. Olav Lee, '83; Prof. I. F. Grose, '85, St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minn. K. G. Faegre, '77, New York, N. Y. Dr. Laur- itz Larsen, '02, New York, N. Y. Rev. J. O. Hougen, '79, Story City, Iowa. Rev. and Mrs. K. Seehuus, '81, Denver, Colo. Dr. L. Hektoen, '83, Chicago, 111. Rev. J. H. Jahren, '84, Lake Park, Minn. Prof. J. G. Halland, '84; Prof. P. J. Iverson, '10; Nels Brevig, G. N. Livdahl, Fargo, N. D. Dr. J. A. Ness, '84, Spring- field, Ohio. Dr. C. A. Mellby, '88, Christiania, Norway. The Ice- landic Lutheran Synod, by Rev. N. S. Thorlaksson, '81, pres. Windom Circuit of the Norw, Luth. Church of America, by Rev. L. P. Thorkveen, pres., and Rev. P. C. Danielson, sec. President J. N. Brown, Canton, S. Dak. After the reading of greetings the Alumni Association pre- sented the College with a "rouser" song written by Norvald G. Maakestad, '21, and Arthur J. Tolo, '18. Copies of the song were distributed among the students, and with the composer, Mr. Maakestad, at the piano it was sung with a "pep" and a "go" which proved that the song will be popular with the students. The last part of the evening's program was given over to the 406 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Reunion Band. Suppe's "Poet and Peasant" overture, Drdla's "Serenade", and several marches were played. The applause was spontaneous and the enthusiasm ran high. One veteran player was heard to say: "This has made me many years younger." The program closed with the hymn: "Tak, vor Fader i det h0ie". This has been the regular closing hymn at 14th of October pro- grams, just as "Lad os bede lysets Fader" has marked the open- ing of the exercises. Saturday morning, October 15th, at 8:00 o'clock, chapel ex- ercises were held in the Auditorium for students and alumni. Rev. I. D. Ylvisaker, '88, president of the North Dakota District of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, conducted the service and chose for his text Psalm 19: 1, 2, 11-14. At 9 :00 o'clock the Luther College Alumni Association met in the college chapel for its annual business meeting. The time proved very short for the amount of business on hand. However, several important resolutions were passed. Rev. I. B. Torrison, '79, presided. It was resolved to push with all possible vigor the campaign for a new gymnasium. A committee was placed in charge of this work. The executive committee's buying of the so-called Dayton property immediately south of the campus, with another baseball diamond in view, was approved. A resolution was passed in favor of a Memorial Chapel. Dr. H. G. Stub brought greetings to the alumni from the Board of Education of our Church. Great satisfaction was shown when the announcement was made that a financial secretary for Luther College had been nominated by the Board of Education. Immediately after this meeting the assembly passed out of the chapel by classes and formed on the campus where a very good photograph of the Alumni Association was taken. The reunion meeting of the Musical Union was scheduled for 10:00 in the college chapel and the class reunions for 11 :00 o'clock. Both of these meetings were of necessity late in starting on ac- count of the morning's previous important business. The meeting of the Musical Union had to be cut short, but was, nevertheless, of the greatest importance for the future welfare of the Union. It was resolved that all who have at any time belonged to a musical or- ganization at Luther College are members of the Musical Union. It was further resolved that the members contribute one dollar a year towards securing the memorial pipe-organ for the college chapel which the Musical Union in 1916 decided to build in memory of Olaf Angelo Sperati. The need of a music hall was also dis- cussed. SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY 407 The class reunions were held as indicated on the regular printed program of the festivities. Many classes used this opportunity to lunch together, and several classes had invitations to private homes. At one o'clock the Reunion Band assembled in front of Laur. Larsen Hall, ready for parade, and a photograph was taken. The Deccrah Commercial Club had arranged for automobiles to take the band to town. The parade formed at the west end of Water Street, and the band, 110 in line, with Rev. S. L. Tallakson, '06, acting as drum major, was an imposing sight as it paraded through the business section to the stirring music of "snappy" marches. The streets were lined with appreciative people. Dr. Laur. A. Larsen, '86, and Carlo A. Sperati, '88, had the pleasure of once more play- ing snare drum side by side. It was reported that neither of them shirked on the job. It was not their fault that no drumheads were broken. At 2 :00 o'clock the football game between St. Olaf College and Luther College was staged on the gridiron. It was a hard fought battle throughout. A touchdown and a drop kick in the last quarter made the score 10 to in favor of St. Olaf. At 4:30 a rehearsal of the two cantatas to be sung Sunday was held in the college chapel. The climax on Saturday was the alumni banquet at 7 :00 o'clock in the College Auditorium. The hall was beautifully dec- orated and covers were laid for 500 guests. The College Orchestra furnished music during the meal. The committee in charge had ar- ranged the seating by classes. The officers of the association and the speakers of the evening were seated at a special table on the stage. Rev. A. O. Johnson, '91, retiring president of the associa- tion, acted as toastmaster. He deemed it an honor to fulfill such a duty at this occasion. He used a gavel from the Viking ship of 1893 presented to the museum by Dr. George A. Torrison, *85, of Chicago. Dr. H. G. Stub, '66, represented the first class that graduated from Luther College, not because he was president of the Nor- wegian Lutheran Church of America, but because he was now the only one out of his class in the service of the church. He knew how deeply the love for Luther College was rooted in the hearts of our congregations. He testified to how much the College had ac- complished in its sixty years of existence. Judge O. M. Torrison, '81, said that Luther should continue to concentrate on a special course and be the classical school of the Middle West as Amherst is in the East. It should remain a 408 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS college for men, but we should also have a college for women, and co-educational schools. The interest in music should continue and should be given credit toward graduation. Rev. N. Astrup Larsen, '96, spoke on the motto of his class — "Esse non videri." This expresses also the spirit of Luther Col- lege — to be, not to seem to be. It necessitates both a forward look and loyalty to the past. Rev. Norman A. Madson, '11, pictured the pioneer homes of our forefathers. "Luther College," he said, "is the offspring of horny-handed labor, begotten of faith, reared in love and hope" .... She "could, no doubt, have been a more imposing insti- tution today, had she but chosen to deviate from the path marked out for her by her founders. But I doubt that she could have served more well." Prof. E. Hove, '84, of Luther Theological Seminary, spoke of the close connection between Luther College and the Seminary. A powerful address. Hon. L. S. Swenson, '86, United States minister to Norway, gave a beautiful tribute to the memory of the late President C. K. Preus. (Given in full in the Preus Memorial volume, pp. 233-234.) Dr. Oscar L. Olson, '93, acting president of Luther College, spoke of what the institution had in property, in courses, in fa- culty, in student body. He outlined what new buildings were needed. The College has a high standard in scholarship, and this standard must be maintained. After these inspiring addresses, the assembly was asked to rise in honor of the late Peer O. Str0mme, '76. Likewise in honor of the widows surviving former Luther College professors who had died in recent years, namely Mrs. Laur. Larsen, Mrs. L. S. Reque, Mrs. C. A. Naeseth, and Mrs. C. K. Preus. Greetings were sent to Rev. J. W. Preus, '82, of Calmar, Iowa, who was prevented from being present by sudden illness. Sunday morning, October 16th, people awoke to the most glor- ious of the four days of the Sixtieth Anniversary festivities. Auto- mobiles arrived from far and near. At 8 :30 the Sixtieth Annivers- ary Cantata was rehearsed in the Auditorium. At 10:30 divine services were held in the Auditorium in Norwegian. The building could not accommodate the great throng. Therefore an overflow meeting was conducted under the college oaks by Professor E. Hove. Faculty, students, and alumni formed in front of the Main Building and marched in procession to the Auditorium. Luther SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY 409 College Concert Band played^ as a prelude, Schumann's "Festival Overture." Rev. H. B. Thorgrimsen conducted the altar services, and the band accompanied and led in the hymns. Dr. H. G. Stub, president of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, preached at the service in the Auditorium. He based his sermon on the 87th Psalm. Dr. Stub showed how Luther Col- lege by its founders had been built on the Lord, and how in its subsequent sixty years of service it has always been able to say with the Psalmist, "All my springs are in Thee." When Luther College was founded it was to serve two purposes. It was to become a sound and thorough institution for instruction in secular subjects, but above all it was to train students prepara- tory to taking up theology. Both of these aims have been main- tained by its two presidents, Larsen and Preus. Dr. Stub an- swered the question. What has the future in store for Luther College ? In the first place, it must continue to be an up-to-date standard college. There must be no effort to reduce it to the rank of a junior college, as has been the fate of many denomina- tional colleges in America. Luther College must be an American college, but must at the same time continue to be the preserver of Norwegian culture in this country. Literary and artistic in- terests must continue to flourish, and must not be displaced by an interest in physical development. But above all, it must continue to be a Christian and a Lutheran college. Therefore, the faculty must be composed of Christian as well as learned men. All the work of the College must in the last analysis be conducted accord- ing to the Word of God. After the sermon an offering was taken both in the Auditorium and at the overflow meeting to defray expenses in connection with the festivities. This offering amounted to $800.00. Immediately after the offering the "Sixtieth Anniversary Can- tata" was given by a chorus of 150 voices under the direction of Professor Carlo A. Sperati, '88. The words were written by Rev. Paul Koren, '82, in compliance with a request made by President Preus a short time before his death. The music was composed by Prof. John Dahle of Luther Seminary. Mr. Ingolf Grindeland, ex-'12, sang the tenor solo parts in pleasing and artistic style. Os- car J. Strom, '24, and Arthur M. Wisness, '14, were the accom- panists on piano and organ respectively. The large chorus ren- dered with enthusiasm the inspiring text and music, and at the close the audience showed its appreciation by according writer and composer a rising vote of thanks. 410 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS In the afternoon an opportunity was afforded to representa- tives of other institutions to bring their greetings in oral form. Rev. O. Glesne opened the meeting with invocation. President M. O. B0ckman, representing Luther Theological Seminary, described the course of study at Luther College as the most ideal for those who intend to enter the ministry, and gave thanks to God for the firm attitude of faithfulness which Luther College has always maintained as to the means of Grace and as to the motto, "It is written." On this occasion Luther College was honored by the presence of Dr. F. G. Gade of Norway, president of Nordmands- forbundet. He had landed in America but a few days previously, and had cancelled several other important engagements to be pres- ent at the Sixtieth Anniversary festivities. He brought an oral greeting from His Majesty King Haakon VII and a written greet- ing from the University of Christiania. Rev. H. C. Holm, presi- dent of the Iowa District of our Church, brought greetings from the Church Council. Rev. Edward Johnson, representing the Board of Education, alluded to the generous contribution of Luther College to the ministry of the Church. President L. W. Boe pre- sented the felicitations of St. Olaf College, and termed that insti- tution a child of Luther College. President J. A. Aasgaard repre- sented Concordia College of Moorhead, Minn., and President C. O. Solberg of Augustana College and Normal School of Sioux Falls, S. D. Dr. T. Stabo of Decorah spoke on behalf of the Board of Trustees of Luther College, thanking the people of our Church for their support of this institution. In the evening a closing concert was given in the Auditorium by the Sixtieth Anniversary Chorus, under the leadership of Prof. Carlo A. Sperati. Felix Mendelssohn's sacred cantata, "Hymn of Praise", was sung with truly inspiring effect. The soloists were: Mrs. L. A. Moe, soprano; Mrs. A. M. Rovelstad, alto; Mr. Ingolf Grindeland, tenor. It was a very fitting closing to the Sixtieth Anniversary festivities. The hearts of the great audience seemed carried away by the chorus into one grand out- burst of praise to God for His gracious protection and guidance throughout these sixty years. CHAPTER NINETEEN GRADUATES M. H. Trytten I. Occupational Index (1921-22) (Listing all graduates up to and includ- ing the class of 1921.) 1. FARMERS (32) Olsen, EUef, '66, Kirley, S. D. Hoff, L. M. A., '75, Madison, Minn. Jorgenson, Christian, '75, East Stanwood, Wash. Ruste, Erick 0., '76, Humboldt, S D. Evenson, Edwin, '79, Seattle, Wash. Karstad, Lars, '80, Nicollet, Minn. Ylvisaker, A. Chr., '81, Zumbrota, Minn. Langemo, H. T., '83, Badger, Minn. Aubol, Carl O., '83, Big Lake, Minn. Eden, Martin P , '92, Lee, 111. Landsverk, John P., '95, Saude, Iowa. Lyngaas, Ingeman M., '97, Winneconne, AVis. Aarnes, Sam H., '98, Sacred Heart, Minn. Dahlen, Fred, '98, Hayfield, Minn. Tasa, Gilbert, '99, Dennison, Minn. Burtness, Peter, '00. Cook, Minn. Fuglie, A. Edwin, '01, Ashby, Minn. Dahlen, Theo. A., '03, Wendell, Minn. Hovde, Rudolph, '03, Glenwood, Minn. Strand, Herman, '05, New London, Minn. Monson, Martin J., '08, Delhi, Minn. Naeseth, Adolph O., '09, Zumbrota, Minn Storstad, Alfred G., '12, Horace, N. D. Brunsdale, C. Norman, '13, Portland, N. D., Farm Manager. Brunsdale, G. Elmer, '13, Mayville, N D. Gulbi-andson, Cleon, '13, Haywaru, Minn. Levorson, Oscar, '14, Lake Mills, Iowa. Askegaard, Arthur D., '15, Comstock, M,nn. Seebach, Carl H., '15, Goodhue, Minn. Subey, Ward A., '15. Stoughton, Wis. Dolen, Nels B., '20, Leland, Iowa. Bergum, Arthur E., '21, Rio, Wis. 2. MANUFACTURERS (2) Faegre, Kaspar G., '77, President Man- hattan Corset Co., New York, N. Y. Markhus, George, '85, Violin Manufac- turer, St. Paul, Minn. 3. PROFESSIONAL SERVICE (485) a. Clergymen and Missionaries (262) Normann, Olaus A., '66, Ashby, Minn., Emeritus. Sherven, Lars, '68, Los Angeles, Cal., Emeritus. Alfsen, Adolph O., '69, Chicago, 111., Emeritus. Lunde, Gudbrand A., '69, Wittenl)erg, Wis., Emeritus. Bj0rgo, Knut, '70, Red Wing, Minn , Emeritus. Smeby, Oluf H., '71, Albert Lea, Minn., Emeritus. Gotaas, Paul B., '73, St0ren, Norway. Hustvedt, Halvor B., '73, Decorah, Iowa, Emeritus. Roalkvam, Halvard G., '74, Coon Valley, Wis., Emeritus. Hendrickson, Peter A., '76, Bowdon, N. D. Strand, Henrik J., '76, Norway Lake, Minn., Emeritus. Blilie, Johan A.. '77, Flondreau, S. D. Brandt, Realf O., '77, Macfarland, Wis. Gr0nsberg, Ole N., '77, San Francisco, Cal. Johansen, Jens, '77, Fresno, Cal. Bothne, Johannes D., '78, Pequot, Minn. Engh, Hagbart, '78, Ostrander, Minn. Gjevre, Anders H., '78, Minneapolis, Minn., Jewish Missionary. Homme, Thorleif O., '78, Hornnes, Sse- tersdalen. Norwav. Lee, Atle J., '78, Deerfield, Wis., Eme- ritus. L0kensgaard,. Ole, '78, Hanley Falls, Minn. Giere, Niels, '79, Sacred Heart, Minn. Hougen, Johan 0., '79, Tacoma, Wash., Emeritus. Skartvedt, Peter, '79, La Center, Wash. Skyberg, Hans O., '79, Fisher, Minn. Storli, Knut 0., '79, Eugene, Ore., Em- eritus Thorgrimsen, Hans, '79, Grand Forks, N. D. Torrison, Isaac B., '79, Decorah, Iowa. Halvorson, Jobs., '80, Rockdale, Wis. J0rgenson, Fingar, '80, Grand Forks, N. D., Emeritus. Larsen, Gustav A., '80, Edmore, N. D Ness, Johannes M. O., '80, Perley, Minn. Saettre, Thorbi0rn A., '80, Evansville, Minn. (Died July 12, 1921.) Bergman, Fredrik, '81, Winnipeg, Man., Can. Braaten, Sven 0., '81, Thompson, N. D. Kasberg, Karl A., '81, Grantsburg, Wis. Rygh, George A. Taylor, '81, Minneapolis, Minn. Seehuus, Knut, '81, Denver, Colo. Jerdee, Lars J., '82, Bemidji, Minn. Koren, Paul, '82, Decorah, Iowa. Preus, Johan W., '82, Calmar, Iowa. Rogne, Erik T., '82, Spokane, Wash. Rygg, Oluf S., '82, Rudyard, Mont. Langemo, John T., '83, Edinburgh, N. D. Larsen, Christian M., '83, Whalan, Minn. Magelssen, Hans, '83, Walker, Minn. Larsen, Thorvald H., '84, Taylor, N. D. Vik, Eivind O., '84, La Crosse, Wis. Kvaase, Daniel J., '85, Chicago, 111. Lien, Abel E., '85, Portland, N. D. J0rgenson, Jacob E., '86, Decorah, Iowa. Ovri, Ellend J., '86, San Diego, Cal. 412 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS ^,1 I DEO CSLcit. OMjNJSUS 'r]AS UTdFlAS L^ctUfns SALU-r^M. y^/f///o//.-esco. Iowa Olafson, Kristinn K., '00, Mountain, N. D. Strom, Axel E., '00, Battle Lake, Minn. Stub. Hans A., '00, Seattle. Wash. Sundby, G. Adolph, '00, Rio, Wis. White, Andrew O , '00, Manitowoc, Wis. Berven, Sven K., '01, Spring Valley, Minn. Dreng, John O., '01, St. Paul, Minn. Gutteb0, Lauritz S., '01, Deerfleld, Wis. Preus, Ove J. H, '01, De Forest, Wis. Sauer, Carl I., '01, Crosby, N. D. Eger, Olaf, '02, Seattle, Wash. Preus, J. Carl K., '02, Byron, Minn. Smeby, Hartwick C, '02, lola. Wis. Bergh, Axel, '03, Tracy, Minn. Blicher, Peter, '03, Boyceville, Wis. Borge, Olaf, '03, Lawrence, Wash. Gullixson, Thaddaeus F., '03, Minot, N D. Hansen, Emil, '03, Scirvflle, Iowa. Ingebrit.son, Henry, '03, Lake Mills, Iowa. Naeseth, Carelius G., '03, Morrisonville, Wis. Nelson, Alfred, '03, Madison, S. D. Norgaard, Carl H., '03, Everett, Wash. Olsen, Harry E., '03, Milwaukee, Wis. Thorpe, C Scrlver, '03, Minne >polis, Minn. Tweten, Jacob O., '03, Steward, 111. Ullensvang, Lars L., '03, Bulyea, Sask., Can. Baalson, Hermnn E., '04, Silvana, Wash. Estrem, Herman W., '04, Pelic;in Rapids, Minn. Halverson, Melvin W., '04, Beloit, Wis. Halvorson, Helmer, '04, Brooklyn, N. Y. Hoff, Thoralf A., '04, Minneapolis, Minn. Lund, Lauritz P., '04, Luverne, Minn. Moldstad, Christian A., '04, Jamaica Plain, Mass. Quill, Carl J., '04, Renville, Minn. Bredesen, Alfred, '0.5, Bricelyn, Minn. Fretheim, Martin E., '05, Chicago, 111. Hanson, Gustav A., '03, Belgrade, Minn. Hegg, Gustav J., '05. Wilri.-o'^p N n Johnson, Bergel A., '05, Hayfield, Minn. Wulfsberg, Jacob A. O., 'Oo, Mich.g.n, N D. BruLand, Peter 0., '06, San Francisco, Cal. Christopherson, Einar B., '06, Pigeon Falls, Wis. Estrem, G. Rudolph, '06, Cooperstown, N. D. Hendrickson, Alfred. '06, Wolf Point, Mont. (Carpio, N. D., 1922.) Johnson, Joseph, '06, Jamestown, N. D. Struxness, Edwart, '06, Nome, N. D Tallakson, Selmer L., '06, Grand Forks, N. D. Wrolstad, J. Oliver, '06, Granite Falls, Minn. Belgum, Anton H., '07, Glenwood, Minn. Belgum, Erik S., '07, Appleton, Minn. Fretheim, Severt J., '07, Scarville, Iowa. F0rde, Gerhard O., '07, Starbuck. Minn. Rosholdt, Jacob W., '07, Crosby, N. D. Smeby, Olaf V., '07, Mission Hill, S. D. Sumstad, M. Ovedius, '07, Roland, Iowa. Vaaler, Arnt J , '07, Willmar, Minn. Borge, Daniel J., '08, Deerfleld, Wis. Haugen, Clarence, '08, Canby, Minn. Holum, James O., '08, Westby, Wis. Kjorlaug, Peter F., '08, Thor, Iowa. Korsrud, Albert C, '08, Glenville, Minn. Lillegard, George O., '08, Ichang, Hupeh, China. Naeseth, William K., '08, Rochester, Minn. Ensrud, Joseph O. E., '09, Garske, N. D. Faye, Christopher, '09, Untunjambili, Natal, South Africa. Haugen, Thomas A., '09, McHenry, N. D. Magelssen, Finn, '09, Rushford, Minn. Salvesen, Emil, '09, Barnesville, Minn. Wisnaes, John Carlot, '09, Kathryn, N D. Ylvisaker, Nils W., '09, Hitterdal, Minn. Jordahl, Edward L., '10, Bryant, S. D. Lerud, Theodore, '10, Clifton, Texas. Preus, H. A., '10, Chicago, 111. Rognlien, Joseph B., '10, Campbell, Nebr. Sandager, Christian N., '10, Outlook, Sask., Can. Tufte, Olaf B., '10, Glendive, Mont. Vaaler, Knut B., '10, Brandt, S. D. Aaberg, Theodore, '11, Westby, Mont. Aal, Eugene J, '11, Huron, S. D. Johnshoy, J. Walter, '11, Eau Claire, Wis. Larson, Victor F., '11, Valley City, N. D. Livdahl, Albert N., '11, Glasgow, Mont. Madson, Norman A., '11, Bode, Iowa. Quill, Martin B , '11, Waco, Texas. Sandberg, Ivar, '11, Barrett, Minn. Austin, Otto G., '12, Sisseton, S. D. Foss, Carl L., '12, Parkland, Wash. Greibrok, Aanon, '12, Woodworth, N. D Haavik, Olai L., '12, Seattle, Wash. Forseth, Peder C, '13, New Era, Mich Kjaer, Ludvig P., 13, Plentywood, Mont. Nesset, Alfred O., '13, Leeds, N. D. Petersen, Justin A., '13, Linn Grove, Iowa. Ulvilden, Reinhardt, '13, Omaha, Nebr. Andrews, Melvin O., '14, Wheaton, Minn Borlaug, Arthur O., '14, Edmonton, Al- berta, Can. Gigstad, Walter T., '14, Beach, N. D. Grefthen, Emil A.. '14, Providence, R. I. Halvorson, E. Nestor, '14, Galesburg, Wis. Thorpe, Nordahl B., '14, Santa Barbar.i, Cnl. Wanberg, Richard T., '14, Towner, N. D. Baalson, Elmer A., '15, Durand, HI. Hoff, Pernell B., '15, Los Angeles, Cal. Maakestad, J. Walter B., '15, Pasadena, Cal. Mithun, Odd J., '15, Anaconda, Mont. Romness, Henry R., '15, Jersey City, N. J. Topness, Sibert M., '15, Red Wing, Minn. Leque, Nils M., '16, South Bend, Wash. Losen, Carl, '16, Astoria, Oregon. Rosenqvist, Rolf, '16, Nerstrand, Minn. Ulvilden, George, '16, Toronto, S. D. Amundson, Alfred H., '17, Gully, Minn. Andersen, Andrew P., '17, Owatonna, Minn. Evans, Leif E., '17, La Crosse, Wis. Hansen, Harold, '17, Washburn, N. D. Hexom, WiUielm T., '17, Virginia, Minn. GRADUATES 415 THE CLASS OF 18(iO AFTKK 4j YEAUS H G. Stub Ellef Olsen I. E. Bergh (tl905) R. B. Anderson O. A. Nermann G. Erdahl (tl914) T. 0. Juve (tl913') L. J. Markhus (tl885) 416 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Kraabel, Alf M., '17, Fessenden, N. D. Lee, Clarence L., '17, Redfield, S. D. Lono, Mikkel, '17, Kasson, Minn. Moe, Sigurd M., '17, Clinton, Minn. Narum, Hartvig K., '17, Faulkton, S. D. Rotto, Theodore I., '17, Kensington, Minn. Preus, Jacob Hjort, '17, Strum, Wis. Tolo, G. Walther, '17, Noonan, N. D. Ylvisaker, Carl B., '17, Northwood, Iowa. Stormo, Carl A., '18, Roseau, Minn. Waage, K. Olav. '18, Little Fork, Minn. OFFICERS OF THE CHURCH Stub, Hans G., '66, President Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, St. Paul, Minn. Harstad, Bjug, '71, President Norwegian Synod of the American Evangelical Lutheran Church, Parkland, Wash. Nordby, J0rgen, '73, President Eastern District, N. L. C. A., Deerfleld, Wis. Eggen, Thore, '79, Executive Secretary Lutheran Brotherhood, Minneapolis, Minn. Thorlaksson, Nils, '81. President Icelandic Synod, West Selkirk, Man., Can. Boe, Nils N., '86, President South Dakota District, N. L. C. A., Sioux Falls, S. D. Ylvisaker, Ivar D., '88, President North Dakota District N. L. C. A., Fargo, N. D. Gullixon, George A., '90, President Nor- wegian Synod of the American Evan- gelical Lutheran Church, Chicago, III. (Succeeding B. Harstad, Aug. 1, 1922 ) Stub, Jacob A. O., '98, President Lutheran Brotherhood of America, Minneapolis, Minn. Larsen, Lauritz, '02, President National Lutheran Council, New York, N. Y. Ylvisaker, Nils M., '02, Executive Secre- tary Young People's Luther League, Minneapolis, Minn. b. DRAFTSMAN (1) Backerud, Martin B., '08, San Francisco, Cal. c. EDITORS AND AUTHORS (lO") Anderson. Rasmus B., '66, Amerika, Mad- ison, Wis. Bergh, Hallvard, '76, Lomen, Valdres, Norway. (Died May, 1922.) Eikeland, Peder J., '80, Mack, Minn. Mikkelsen, Michael A., '86, Architectural Record, New York, N. Y. Lee, Gustav T., '88, Lutheran Church Herald, Minneapolis, Minn. Anderson, Isaac, '90, Mountain Lakes, N. J. Saervold, Ola J., '95, Minneapolis, Minn. Savre, Bertinius K., '96, Glenwood, Minn. Kalnes, I. Magnus, '07, Alexandria, Minn. Kvale, Paul J., '17, Minneapolis, Minn. d. LAWYERS (23) Aubolee, Mads O., '84, San Diego, Cal. Thuland, Conrad M., '85, San Diego. Cal Remmen, Martin E., '88, Hettinger, N. D. Dahlen, Knut T., '94, Minneapolis, Minn. Johnson, Eugene G., '98, Minneapolis, Minn. Hanson, Nils B., '99, Barnesville, Minn. Bergman, Hjalmar A., '00, Winnipeg, Man., Can. Hegland, Martin, '00, Roseau, Minn, Johnson, L. Gerhard, '02, Fort Morgan, Colo. Aaker, Casper D., '02, Minot, N. D. Dahle, Martin O., '02, Winnipeg, Man., Can. Brekke, Edward A., '03, Argyle, Minn. Koefod, Sigvard M. R., '03, Baudette, Minn. Brendal, John M., '06, Hallock, Minn. Chommie, Hans N., '06, Thief River Falls, Minn. Halls, Carl B., '06, Webster, S. D. Rodsater, George I., '06, Mohall, N. D. Naeseth, John R., '07, Warren, Minn. Torrison, Anker O., '07, Browning, Mont. Leum, Henry, '09, Mayville, N. D. Halvorson, Alfred 0., '10, Crookston, Minn. Preus, Wilhelm C, '13, Ortonville, Minn. Stalland, Knute D, '18, St. Paul, Minn. e. LIBRARIANS (3) Hanson, James C. M., '82, University of Chicago Libraries, Chicago, 111. Jahr, Torstein, '96, Librai-y of Congress, Washington, D. C. Jacobsen, Karl T., '02, Luther College Library, Decorah, Iowa. f. MUSICIAN (1)' Askegaard, Arthur C, '16, Minneapolis, Minn, g. PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS (35) Mohn, Fred. Voss, '81, Los Angeles, Cal. Ki'ohn, Eugene, '85, Black River Falls, Wis. Torrison, George A., '85, Chicago, 111. Larsen, Lauritz A., '86, Colfax, Wis. Unseth, Magnus A., '90, Qiicago, 111. Reque, Peter A., '91, Brooklyn, N. Y. Swennes, Ole S., '91, Wahkon. Minn. Dahl, Gerhard A., '93, Mankato, Minn. Bothne, Erling A., '94, Uien, Minn. Petersen, John R., '94, Minneapolis, Minn, Reque, Herman A., '94, Brooklyn, N. Y. Thorsgaard, Karl L., '96, Chicago, 111. GuUixson, Andrew, '97, Albert Lea, Minn. Lewison, Eli, '97, Canton, S. D. Jenson, James C, '99, Hendricks, Minn. Olsen, Martin I., '99, Des Moines, Iowa. Gaard, Rasmus, '00, Radcliffe, Iowa. Larson, Oscar O., '00, Detroit, Mmn Estrem, Carl 0., '01, Fergus Fall's, Minn. Hexom, John D., '01, Decorah, Iowa. Teisberg, Carl B., '01,, St. Paul, Minn. Grangaard, Henry 0., '02, Douglas, N. D. Sorenson, Alfred R., '02, Rugby, N. D. Grinde, George A., '03, Cumberland, Wis. Kaasa, Lawrence J., '03, Lake Mills, Iowa. Rosholt, A. Jens, '03, La Crosse, Wis. Hovde, Carl H. R., '04, Madison, S. D. Vollum, Edward O., '04, Albert Le:i, Minn. Fjeldstad, C. Alford, '05, Minneapolis, Minn. Johnson, Peter O. C, '06, Watford City, N. D. Bjorgo, C. W. Walther, '07, Cannon Falls, Minn. Ylvisaker, Lauritz S., '07, St. Paul, Minn. Minn. Birkelo, Carl C, '10, Detroit, Mich. Ekfelt, Odd, '10, Siangyang, Hupeh, China, Medical Missionary. Hjelle, Carl A., '10, ClilTord, N. D. DENTISTS (2) Thorsen, M. Hauman, '07, Minneapolis, Minn. Qually, Peter W., '10, Bode, Iowa. CHIROPRACTOR (1) Opsahl, J. Eberhard, '16, New York, N. Y. GRADUATES 417 h. PROFESSORS AND TEACHERS (147) Felland, Ole G., '74, St. Olaf College, Northfleld, Minn. Rondestvedt, Arnvid P., '77, Christian la, Norway. Bothne, Gisle, '78, University of Minne- sota, Minneapolis, Minn. Brandt, Olaf E., '79, Luther Theological Seminarj', St. Paul, Minn. Nordgaard, John S., '80, Augustana Col- lege and Normal School, Sioux Falls, S. D. Christianson, Conrad M., '81, Augustana College and Normal School, Sioux . Falls, S. D. Hilleboe, Hans S., '81, Augustana Col- lege and Normal School, Sioux Falls, S. D. SoUieim, Ola, '81, Augustana College and Normal School, Sioux Falls, S. O. Fossum, Andrew, '82, Concordia College, Moorhead, Minn. Keren, William, '82, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. Hektoen, Ludvig, '83, University of Chi- cago, Chicago, 111. Lee, Olav E., '83, St. Olaf College, Nortli- fleld, Minn. Hove, Elling, '84, Luther Theological Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. Ness, Jens A., '84, Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio. Grose, Ingebrikt F., '85, St. Olaf College. Northfleld. Minn. Tingelstad, John, '8.5, University of N. Dakota, Grand Forks, N. D. Blegen, Hans A. H., '86, Leeds, N. D. Estrem, Andrew, '86, Olivet College, Olivet, Mich. Mellby, Carl A., '88, St. Olaf College, Northfleld, Minn. Sperati, Carlo A., '88, Luther College, Decorah, Iowa. Grundesen, Grunde H , '92, Oklee, Minn. Olson, Oscar L., '93, President, Luther College, Decorah, Iowa. Xavier, Johan U., '98, Pacific Lutheran College, Parkland, Wash. Hong, Nils J., '95, Lincoln High School, Tacoma, Wash. Omlie, Oscar K., '95, Superintendent, Wat- ford City, N. D. Hagen, Sivert N., '96, Pennsylvania Col- lege, Gettysburg, Pa. Hagestad, Knute M., '97, Santa Cruz, Cal. Ordal, Ola J., '98, President, Pacific Lu- theran College, Parkland, Wash. Peterson, Joseph M., '98, Hutchinson The- ological Seminary, Hutchinson, Minn. Hovr Iver S., '00, Superintendent, Mc- intosh, Minn. Wulfsberg, Einar, '00, President, Park Region Luther College, Fergus F'alls, Minn. Clauson, Nils Y., '01, Portland, Ore. Jacobson, D. Gustav, '01, Park Region Luther College, Fergus Falls, Minn. Hustvedt, S. Bernhard, '02, University of (Southern) California, Los Angeles, Cal. Reque, Sigurd S., '03, Luther College, De- corah, Iowa. Ylvisaker, Sigurd C, '03, Concordia Col- lege, St. Paul, Minn. Bale, Christian E., '04, Concordia College, Moorhead, Minn. Dorrum, Ingebret, '04, Concordia College, Moorhead, Minn. Pederson, Alfred C, '04, Superintendent, Argyle, Minn. Thompson, T. Elmer, '04, High School, Chicago, 111. Tonning, Ole, '04, Fargo Business College, Fargo, N. D. Felland, Alfred T., '05, Superintendent, County Agricultural High School, Mad- dock, N. D. gaxvik, Henrv O., '05, Superintendent, Hankinson, N. D. (Bismarck, N. D., 1922-1923.) Tingelstad, Oscar A., '0.5, Luther College, Decorah, Iowa. Braattadt, Louis H., '06, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. Drotning, T. Melvin, '06, High School, Seattle W^ash. Nordlie, Herman C, '06, Concordia Col- lege, Moorhead, Minn. Tyssen, Carl, '06, President, Clifton Lu- theran College, Clifton, Texas. Vaala, Alf O., 'o7. County Superintendent of Schools, New Hampton, Iowa Halvorson, Alfred O., '08, High School, St. John, N. D. Hanson, Karl O., '08, Superintendent, Ro- land, Iowa. (Tama, Iowa, 1922-1923.) Harstad, S. George, '08, Superintendent, Cottonwood, Minn. Hem, Hans N., '08, Superintendent, Ana- moose, N. D. Iverson, Heni-y, '08, Silver City, Idaho. Larsen, Henning, '08, State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Larsen, Jakob, A. O , '08, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. Peterson, Tillman, '08, Principal, Willard School, Tacoma, Wash. Skaaland, Swen G., '08, Superintendent, Waterville, Minn. Gaarder, Olaf, '09, State Normal, May- ville, N. D. Grindstuen, Iver I., '09, Superintendent, Belfleld, N. D. Hanson, Sven A., '09, Superintendent, Hettinger, N. D. Johnshoy, M. Casper, '09, Luther The- ological Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. Mevig, Andrew M., '09, Superintendent, Lake Crystal, Minn. (Lamberton, Minn., 1922-1923.) Pederson, Christopher A., '09, Superin- tendent, Cass Lake, Minn. Peterson, Francis E., '09, Luther College, Decorah, Iowa. Reishus, Knut P. B., '09, Superintendent, Mabel, Minn Shervem, Henry 0., '09, Lindsay, Cal. Iverson, Peter J., '10, Superintendent Secondary Education, State Agricul- tural College, Fargo, N. D. Estenson, Emil, '11, Superintendent, Pe- tersburg, N. D. (Velva, N. D., 1922- 1923.) Fritz, Charles A., '11, President, Luther Academy, Albert Lea, Minn Grimley, Oliver P. B., '11, Outlook College, Outlook, Sask., Can. Jerde, Oscar J., '11, Superintendent, Alta, Iowa. Norgaard, James R., '11, Superintendent, Sarles, N. D Onsgard, Henry A., '11, State Normal, Aberdeen, S. D. Opstad, Iver A., '11, Superintendent, Iowa City, Iowa. Simlev, Irvin T., '11, Superintendent, Thief River Falls, Minn. 418 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS LUTHER COLLEGE ALUMNI, 1921 Aanestad, O. Herbert, '12, High School, Hill City, Minn. Dahl, Wilhelm P., '12, Superintendent, Munich, N. D. (Maddock, N. D., 1922- 1923.) Moe, Leonard A., '12, Principal Prepar- atory Department, Luther College, De- corah, Iowa. Nelson, David T., '12, Luther College, Decorah, Iowa. Sperati, Carsten E., '13, Park Region Lu- ther College, Fergus Falls, Minn. Harstad, Oliver B., '14, Superintendent, McVille, N. D. Monson, Herman W., '14, High School, Minneapolis, Minn. Swansen, H. Fred, '14, President, Gale College, Galesville, Wis. Urness, John N., '14, Superintendent, Mo- hall, N. D. Wisness, Arthur M., '14, Superintendent, Spring Grove, Minn. Baalson, Geo. A., '15, Superintendent, Garretson, S. D. Bergan, Knute W., '15, Superintendent, Simms, Mont. Brandt, Walther I., '15, State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Elvehjem, Oswald M., '15, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Erickson, Albert, '15, Superintendent, Co- lumbus, N. D. Lokensgaard, Herbert 0., '15, Superin- tendent, Hills, Minn. Ylvisaker, Herman L., '15, Superintendent, Leeds, N. D Dohlen, Hjalmar O., '16, Superintendent, Opheim, Mont. Gilbertson, Theo., '16, Principal, High School, Finley, N. D. Hovde, Brynjolf J., '16, Luther College, Decorah, Iowa. Nelson, Martin J., '16, Superintendent, Willow City, N. D. Ronnei, Herman L, '16, Superintendent, St. Francis, Minn. Swanson, Leonard O., '16, Superintend- ent, tjnderwood, N. D. gwensen, Walter J., '16, Superintendent, Cogswell, N. D. Trytten, Merriam H., '16, Luther College, Decorah, Iowa. '16, Superintendent, (Valley City, N. D , '17, Superintendent, Twito, Helmer, Grano, N. D. 1922.) Birkelo, Carl P. Nome, N. D. Johnson, O. Leslie, '17, West Salem, Wis. Jorgenson, Eugene F., '17, High School, vVerner, N. D. Knutson, Walter M., '17, Principal, High School, Hatton, N. D Kiland, Edwin F., '17, High School, Het- tinger, N. D. Lee, Arthur O., '17, Principal, High School, Roland, Iowa. Lien, Jacob A. O., '17, High School, Lake Mills, Iowa. (Ossian, la., 1922-23.) Natvig, Arthur S., '17, Albuquerque, N. Mex. Nelson, Ole A., '17, Superintendent, Goodell, Iowa. Olson, Tharlie O., '17, Principal, High School, Pequot, Minn. Talle, Henry 0., '17, Luther College, De- corah, Iowa. Tingelstad, Edvin, '17, Superintendent, Maddock, N. D. (Hood River, Oregon, 1922-1923.) Evanson, Cliellis N., '18, Luther College, Decorah, Iowa Lee, P. Joseph, '18, Principal, High School, Hankinson, N. D. Lunde, Alert J., '18, High School, Slater, Iowa. Natvig, Alvin J., '18, Park Region Luther College, Fergus Falls, Minn. Nelson, Olaf, '18, Superintendent, Ed- more, N. D. Qualley, Orlando W., '18, Luther College, Decorah, Iowa. Wierson, Andrew T , '18, Superintendent, Thor, Iowa. GRADUATES 419 LUTHER COLLEGE ALUMNL 1921 Bronstad, Alvin L., '19, Clifton Lutheran College, Clifton, Texas. Strom, Carl W., '19, Luther College, De- corah, Iowa. Thompson, Maurice A., '19, Principal, High School, Maddock, N. D. Arneson, Arthur H., '20, Lutheran Nor- mal School, Madison, Minn. Gr0nlid, I. Rudolph, '20, Superintendent, Grenora, N D. Jordahl, Harold C, '20, Principal, High School, Kerkhoven, Minn. Kaupanger, Olin L., '20, Superintendent, Toronto, S. D. Larson, Elmer R., '20, Clifton Lutheran College, Clifton, Texas. Sorenson, Morris A., '20, Superintendent, Calmar, Iowa. Swensen, Alf W., '20, Wartburg Normal College, Waverly, Iowa. Trytten, Gilbert N , '20, State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Eid, Elmer S., '21, Superintendent, Wing, N. D. Halvorson, Nelius 0., '21, High School, Spring Grove, Minn. Hermundstad, Emil, '21, Principal, High School, Bode, Iowa. Jorgenson, Victor G., '21, High School, Akely, Minn. Lee, Gisle J., '21, Principal, High School, Calmar, Iowa. Lien, Erling W. N , '21, High School, B:g Lake, Minn. Malmin, Olaf G., '21, Luther Academy, Albert Lea, Minn. Olson, Clayton M., '21, Superintendent, Brandt, S. D. Parsons, Edward H., '21, Superintendent, Bode, Iowa. Rindahl, Opie S., '21, Jewell Lutheran College, Jewell, Iowa. Sihler, Ernest G. W , '21, High School, Spring Grove, Minn Sorlien, Leon C, '21, High School, Han- kinson, N. D. Storvick, Roy O., '21, Canton Lutheran Normal School, Canton, S. D. Tolo, Harold M., '21, Principal, High School, Elbow Lake, Minn. Ylvisaker, J. Wilhelm, '21, Luther Acad- emy, Albert Lea, Minn 4. PUBLIC SERVICE (25) a. ARMY (2) Storaasli, Gynther, '11, Manila, P. I., 1st Lt. Cliaplain. Sperati, Paolo H., '15, Camp Lewis, Wash., Captain Inf. b. PUBLIC OFFICERS (23) Teisberg, Aslak K., '70, Customs Appraiser, St. Paul, Minn. Koren, John, '79, International Prison Commissioner for the United States, Brookline, Mass. Torrison, Oscar M , '81, Judge Circuit Court, Evanston, 111. Kiland, Gust^v H., '83, State Deputy Fire Marshal, Madison, Wis. Voldeng, M. Nelson, '83, Superintendent State Hospital for Epileptics, Wood- ward, Iowa. Lund, John H., '84, Judge County Court, Webster, S. D. Games, Botolf H., '85, Postal Clerk, Min- neapolis, Minn. Swenson, Laurits S., '86, United States Minister to Norway, Christiania, Nor- way. Steensland, John G., '97, Instructor Rail- way Mail Service, Chicago, 111. Peterson, Helmer S., '03, Federal Board for Vocational Education, Seattle, Wash. Preus, Jacob Aall O., '03, Governor of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn. Sauer, Herman O., '03, County Agricul- tural Agent, Linton, N. D. Paulson, Peter C, '04, Attorney Inter- State Commerce Commission, Washing- ton, D C. Hustvedt, P. Thomas, '06, Postal Clerk, Decorah, Iowa Mortenson, Emil E., '06, Postal Clerk, St. Paul, Minn. 420 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Dahl, Sondre N., '07, Private Secretary to Member of the House, Washington, D. C. Holkesvik, Julian A., '07, Deputy County Treasurer, Carson, N. D. Juve, Oscar A , '07, U. S. Dept. of Agri- culture, Washington, D. C. Olsen, Nils A., '07, U. S. Dept. of Agri- culture, Washington, D. C. Jessen, Carl A., '09, State High School Su- pervisor, Helena, Mont. Jenson, Carl Andrew, '10, Public Account- ant, Fort Atkinson, Wis. Anderson, Conrad A , '17, Asst. State Treasurer, St. Paul, Minn. Ravndal, Christian M., '20, U. S. Con- sular Service. Vienna, Austria. 5. STUDENTS (29) Buedall, Anton, '12, University of Chi- cago, Chicago, 111. Peterson, Enoch E., '12, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Kilness, G. Waldemar W., '10, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis Seines, E. Robert, '16, University of Min- nesota, Minnenpolis. Minn. Ylvisaker, Johan F., '16, Paris, France. Jargo, Rudolph A., '17, University of Wis- consin, Madison, Wis. Rohne, J. Magnus, '17, Harvard Univer- sity, Cambridge, Mass. Thorgrimsen, Gudmund G C. J., '17, Uni- versity of North Dakota, Grand Forks, N. D. Hanson, J. Tillman, '18, Northwestern University (Dental School), Chicago, 111. Jolinson, Joseph M., '18, Davenport, Iowa. Lunde, Herman A. P., '18, Luther The- ological Seminaiy, St. Paul, Minn. ToUefsrud, Mervin B , '18. Luther The- ological Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. Tolo, Arthur J., '18, Luther Theological Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. Waage, Johannes, '18, Glen Lake, Minn. Larsen, Myron W., '19, Washington Uni- versity, St. Louis, Mo. Monson, Orville S., '19, Rush Medical Col- lege, Chicago, 111. Nelson, Allen E., '19, Luther Theologic.il Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. Skalet, Charles H., '19, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. Vaaler, Torvald, '19, University of Min- nesota, Minneapolis, Minn. Ellingson, Abel R., '20, University of Min- nesota, Minneapolis, Minn. Megorden, Tennis H . '20, Luther Theo- logical Seminary, St Paul, Minn. Rossing, Torstein H., '20, Luther Theo- logical Seminary, St. Paul, Minn Scarvie, Walter B., '20, Luther Theolog- ical Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. Unseth, Malcolm W., '20, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Ylvisaker, Ragnvald S., '20, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. Eddaen, B. Syvers, '21, Luther Theolog- ical Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. Maakestad, Norvald G., '21, Luther Theo- logical Seminarv, St. Paul, Minn. Oefstedal, Rudolph. '21, Luther Theolog- ical Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. Storvick, Alfred 0., '21, Luther Theolog- ical Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. 6. TRANSPORTATION (5) Brecke, Ole E , '81, Minneapolis, Minn., White Star Line. Hove, Andreas M., '81, Amarillo, Texas, Santa Fe Ry. Offices. Hansen, Carl M., '12, St. Paul, Minn., Omaha Ry. Ramberg, Freeman E., '16, Robbinsdale, Minn., Soo Line Streeter, Elmer M, '17, Brookfleld, Mo. 7. TRADE (113) a. BANKERS (42) Fries, Jeremias F.. '82. Toronto, S. D. Brandt, John A., '83, Hayti,. S. D. Finseth, Knute A., '86, Nerstrand, Minn. Ongstad, Sophus H., '86, Manfred, N. D. Opheim, Ola S., '94, Sisseton, S. D. Brevig, Samuel B., '96, Fortuna, N. D. Johnson, Perry S., '99, Minneapolis, Minn. Torgerson, Jacob A. C, '99, Oklee, Minn. Anderson, Andrew 0., '01, Velva, N. D. Gerald, G. H., '01, Washington, D. C. Livdahl, Carl, '01, Dodson, Mont. Skinnemoen, John S., '01, Wendell, Minn. Wollan, Oliver B. F., '01, Glenwood, Minn. Hailstone, A. Augustus, '02, Farwell, Minn. Vangen, Charles O., '04, Albert Lea, Minn. Grefstad, Oscar K., '05, Bode, Iowa. Hjelle, Ole S., '05, Mercer, N D. Schjeldahl, Theodor, '0.5, Highlandville, Iowa. Sorlien, Henry J., '05, Bergen, N. D. Sponheim, Oscar H., '05, Portland, Ore- gon. Moe, Edwin O., '06, Galesburg, N. D. Orwoll, Melvinus S., '00, Granite Falls, Minn. Sevareid, Alfred, '06, Velva, N. D. Fries, Lyman A., '07, Toronto, S. D. Lynne, Justus A., '07, Fairmount, N. D. Dahl, Gerhard H.,- '08, Sioux Falls, S. D. Gutteb0, Nels H. W., '09, Aurora, S. D. Trytten, C. Oscar, '09, Wildrose, N. D. Hegg, Elmer R., '11, Stevens Point, Wis. Preus, Paul A., '11, St. Paul, Minn. Trytten, John M., '11, I>odge Grass, Mont. Aaby, Arthur O., '12, Brandt, S. D. Wollan, Winfred A., '12, Hingham, Mont. Rahn. Grant G., '13, Belview, Minn. Gorder, Lester W., '15, Minneapolis, Minn. Kraabel, T. Oswald, '15, Lawton, N. D. Brevig. Martin L., '16, Withrow, Minn. Jacobson, Irenus C, '16, Wittenberg, Wis. Johnson, Paul G, '16, Lewis, Wis. Kraabel, Ragnar E., '16, Clifford, N. D. Johnson, Bernhard A., '19, Minneapolis, Minn. Melaas, Ira J., '19, Huxley, Iowa. b. MERCHANTS AND BUSINESS MEN (71) Borgen, Edward, '76, Madison, Wis. Quarve, Timan L., '78, Fessenden, N. D. Tande, Ole. '79, Northfleld, Minn. Hadland, Ole P., '80, Spring Valley, Minn. Allen, Hans, '83, Minnenpolis, Minn. Hanson, Haldor, '83, Northern Book and Music Co., Chicago, 111. Halland, John G., '84, Fargo, N. D. Shefloe, Joseph S.. '85, Agent, The Mac- millan Co., Baltimore, Md Fuglei, Ole K , '86, Petersburg, Nebr. Torrison, Norman, '89, Manitowoc, Wis. Steensland, Morton M., '90, Madison, Wis. GRADUATES 421 Aaker, John T., '93, President, Soo Lum- ber Co., Velva, N. D. Thorson, I. August, '95„ President, Nortli- western Scliool Supply Co., Minne- apolis, Minn. Torrison, Wilhelm L., '95, Manitowoc, Wis. Markhus, Alfred L., '97, Contractor, Mis- soula, Mont. Wollan, Gustav B., '97, St. Paul, Minn. Hegg, J. Edward, '98, Stevens Point, Wis. Johnson, George J., '98, Crocus, N. D. Teisberg, Carl O., '90, Minneapolis, Minn Ylvisaker, Olaf, '99, St. Paul. Minn. Gullixson, Herman 0., '00, Humboldt, la. Styve, Oscar C, '00, Spokane, Wash. Wollan, Gustav C, '00, Glenwood, Minn. Brauer, Julius, '01, San Francisco, Cal. Thorstenson, Knute A., '01, Albert Lea, Minn Larsen, Carl E., '02, Minneapolis, Minn. Naesetli, Herman, '02. Minneapolis, Minn. Skatteb0l, Chr., '02, Manila, P. I. Apland, Martin, 'Oii, Larimore, N. D. Brusegaard, Theo. B., '04, Brainerd. Minn. Nelson, Walter, '04, Mayville, N. D. Petersen, J. W., '04, Miiineapolis, Minn. Gilbert, Walter I., '05, Zamboanga, P. I. Strand, J. Edward, '05, Schafer, N. D. Rosholdt, Carl L., '06, Roanwood, Mont. Kulaas, Peter, '07, Minot, N. D. Ruen, Oliver, '07, Clark Fork, Idaho. Teisberg, Thomas H., '07, Fergus Falls, Minn. Kloster. Lars S.. '08, Des Moines, Iowa. Rosholdt, Ingelbert E., '08, Minneapolis, Minn. Rostad, Martin L., '08, Comertown, Mont. Sperlcy, John, '08, Spokane, Wash. Hanson, Joseph G., '09, Bode, Iowa Peterson, Aslak S., '09, Albany, Wis. Rosenqvist, Bernhard, '09, Hoffman, Minn. Rosholdt, Theo. G., '09, Minneapolis, Minn. Erstad, Andrew T., '10, Barber, Idaho. Herseth, Adolph A., 'lo, Hitterdal, Minn. Monson, Albert, '10, Minneapolis. Minn. Thorpe, Olaf C, '11, Willmar, Minn. Wollan, Casper I., '11, Glenwood, Minn. Dale, Herman F., '13, Decorah, Iowa. Hansen, H. Clarence, '13, Lakewood, O. Reishus. Fritiof E., '13, Minot. N. D Rosholdt, Herman S , '13, Minneapolis, Minn. Brunsdale, K. Edward, '14, Minneapolis, Minn. Larson, Einar R., '15, Philadelphia, Pa. Loberg, Jesse D., '15, Nelson ville. Wis. Lysne, Henry O., 15, Cicero, 111 Sauer, Arnold G., '15, Minneapolis, Minn. Fjeldstad, Gustav A , '10, Grand Forks, N. D. Haugen, Donald J., '16, Decorah, Iowa. Preus, Herman A., '16, Minneapolis, Minn. Holter, Arthur M., '17, San Francisco, Cal. Lovik, Louis T., '17, Des Moines, Iowa. Olafson, Clarence M., '17, West Duluth, Minn. Thorsen, O. Herman, '18, Northwestern School Supply Co., Des Moines, Iowa. Aamodt, Otis M., '19, Minneapolis, Minn. Ravndal, Olaf, '20, Constantinople, Tur- key. Siqueland, "Harald, '20, Chicago, III. Sorlien, Arne R, '21, Decorah, Iowa. DECEASED GRADUATES (110) With Occupation and Address at Demise Aaberg, Herman, '03, Teacher, Grand Forks, N. D. Aaberg, Joseph, '17, Clerk, Parkland, Wash. Amundson, Albert, '78, Physician. Cam- bridge, Wis. Amundson, H. E., '86, Law Student. Red Wing, Minn. Anderson, Sivert, 71, Farmer, Cordele, Ga. Aspelund, Joseph, '01, Physician, Minne- apolis, Minn. Austvoldj Edwin B., '97, Clergyman, Rothsay. Minn. Bakke, Nils J , '77, Publicity Secretary, Colored Mission, Synodical Conference. Milwaukee, Wis. Bakke, Peter H., '88, Physician, Preston, Minn. Bergh, Johannes E., '66, Clergyman, Sacred Heart, Minn. Bj0rgaas, John, '79, .Clergyman, Decorah, Iowa. Bj0rgo, Gerhard A., '08, Science Student, Red Wing, Minn. Bothne, Carl, '86, Medical Student, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. Bredesen, Adolf, '70, Clergyman, Deer- fleld. Wis. Brevig, Oluf L., '94, Clergyman, Moor- head, Minn Brorby, Joseph, '99, Lawyer, Minne- apolis, Minn. Bygland, Olav S.. '96, Theol. Student, Robbinsdale, Minn. Christensen, Neliem, '71, Clergyman, Park- land, Wash. Dahl. Olaus, '85, Teacher, University of Chicago, 111. D.avick, Albert O., '05, Agent, Coulee, N. Egge, Albert E., '79, Professor, Willa- mette University, Salem, Ore. Ellestad, Nils J , '71, Clergyman, Seattle, Wash. Erdahl, Gullik, '00, Clergyman, Barrett, Minn. Evenson, Gustav A., '80, Student, Balti- more, Md. Fardal, Nils E., '86, Farmer, Stanhope, Iowa. Floren, Syver L., '69, Precentor, Minne- apolis, Minn. F0rde, Nils, '73, Clergyman, Starbuck, Minn. Fosmark, Ole N., '75, Clergyman, Grand Forks, N. D Fryslie, Benjamin, '85, Bank Cashier, Nome, N. D. Gjellum, Erik S., '79, Farmer, Fowler, Colo. Glas0e, Oluf, • '83, Clergyman, Brush Prairie, Wash. Granrud, Johan E., '86, Professor, Uni- versity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. Gr0nlid, C J. M., '77, Clergyman, Wa- terville, Iowa. Gullikson, Oscar, '95, Medical Student, Decorah, Iowa. Hanson, A. Oliver, '17, Farmer, Meridian, Texas. Hanson, George C, '09, Lawver, Glendive, Mont. Haugen, Christopher E., '91, Teacher, Lu- ther Academy, Albert Lea, Minn. 422 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS PROF. L. S. REQUE— Alumnus Longest at Luther College — 44 years Hegg, Robert, '98, Elocutionist, Decorah, Iowa. Hektoen, Martin, '95, Asst. Physician, State Hospital for Insane, Hospital, 111. Hilmen, Peder T., '72, Clergyman, Crooks- ton, Minn. Hokaasen, Otto T., '09, Clerk, Decorah, Iowa. Holden, Ole M., '94, Clergyman, Santa Barbara, Cal. Holstad, Andr., '81, Teacher, San Fran- cisco, Cal. Hovde, Christian J., '92, Clergyman, Blair, Wis. Hoyme, Thrond, '79, Theol. Student, Madi- son, Wis. Huset, Isak, '82, Student, Norway, Minn. Huus, Alfred, '82, Clergyman, Northwood, Iowa. Ingebrigtsen, Johan E., '89, Clergyman, Minneapolis, Minn. Jahr, Olav, '96, Cand. Theol., Christiania, Norway. Jahren, Johan H., '84, Clergyman, Lake Park, Minn. Jenson, Omar H., '10, Student, Minne- apolis, Minn. Juul, Gustav A., '02, Banker, Warren, Minn. Juve, Tarje O., '66, Farmer, Lancing, Tenn. Kaasa, Edward O., '92, Professor, Luther- an Ladies' Seminary, Red Wing, Minn. Kalheim, Ole M., '84, Editor, Chicago, III. Kildahl, John N., '79, Theol. Professor, St. Paul, Minn. Kirkeby, Guttorm, '78, Theol. Student, Madison, Wis. Knutson, Carl S., '13, National Service (France). Kopperdal, Hans, '81, Editor, Fargo, N. D. Langeland, Magne, '75, Clergyman, Roth- say, Minn. Larsen, Herman, '89, Physician, Norse, Texas. Larsen, Lauritz, '79, Chicago, 111. Larsen, Olaf, '78, Theol. Student, Madi- son, Wis. Larsen, Reier, '72, Clergyman, Spring Grove, Minn. Lee, Ole T., '84, Clergyman, Northwood, Iowa. Linde, Henry J., '01, Lawyer, Bismarck, N. D. Lomen, J0rgen, '78, Asst. State Audi- tor, St. Paul, Minn. Mandt, Olaf, '73, Clergyman, Baltimore, Md. Markhus, Lars J., '66, Clergyman, Nor- way Lake, Minn. Mellem, Edwin G., '90, Business Man, Marshfield, Ore. Moen, Paul, '99, Clergyman, Canby, Minn. Mohn, Thorbj0rn N., '70, President, St, Olaf College, Northfield, Minn. M0ller, Fred A., '70, Clergyman, Nelson, Wis. Moore, Henry W., '91, Physician, De- corah, Iowa. Naeseth, Christen A., '74, Librarian, Lu- ther College, Decorah, Iowa. Nilsson, Thomas, '89, Editor Kirketidende, Decorah, Iowa. Nordgaard, Chr., '78, Law Student, Iowa City, Iowa. Opsahl, Theo. G., '84, Clergyman, Cal- lender, Iowa. Ottesen, Otto C, '80, Clergyman, Linn Grove, Iowa. Petersen, Halvor, '81, Lawyer, Chicago. Ill Petersen, W. M. H., '75, Theol. Professor, Robbinsdale, Minn. Peterson, Leon C, '05, Collector, Fair- view, Mont. Peterson, Samuel, '97, Clergyman, Loma, N. D. PROF. C. A. NAESETH— 43 years at Luther College GRADUATES 423 Preus, Christian K., '73, President, Lu- Torrison, Thos. E., '76, Merchant, Mani- ther College, Decorah, Iowa. tovvoc, Wis. Ramstad, Ola, '83, Professor, Luther Col- Tufte, Martin C, '91, Los Angeles, Cal. lege, Decorah, Iowa Tvedt, Nils G., '72, Clergyman, Maskell, Reque, Lars S., 68, Professor, Luther jjeb Roshol!dTT?iler'6k'cT^^^^^^^^ Pelican ^^ttT' Min'n ""■' '''' C'^^^™^"' ^-i- Sagenf' AAdSs"-K., '74, President, East- ^^^^^L%"nn^ ' '"'' Cl^'""^'"^"' "T^'" em District, N. L. Synod, La Crosse, t7-„„ t 'l^' rti d -^^ v, a ^ i •y^rjs J < Vangsnes, Ole P., '75, President, Iowa Sander,' Anton B., '74, Teacher, New District, N. L. Synod, Colton, S. D. York, N. Y. Varlo, Olaf, '73, Norway. Skyberg, Kristian, '80, Clergyman, Dalton, Vinnor, Anders, '69, Clergyman, Morri- Minn. sonville. Wis. Stensby, Theodore, '16, Student, Valley Welo, Jens, '71, Agent, Yankton, S. D. City, N. D. ,. ^ ,. ,. Winger, Johan Edw., '97, Farmer, Nord- Str0mme, Peer O., 76, Journalist, Madi- ^ggg jowa. sin Wis ' Stub, Olaf T. A., '80, Clergyman, Sioux ^Ivisaker, Johan Th., '77, Clergyman, Falls S D oj ' Decorah, Iowa. Syftestad, Olaus P., '79, Clergyman, Mt. Ylvisaker, Johannes, '74, Theol. Profes- Horeb, Wis. sor, St. Paul, Mmn. Thorpe, Ove B., '86, Clergyman, St. Paul, Ylvisaker, Olaf, '88, Theol. Student, Zum- Minn brota, Minn. Thorvilson, Thorvil K., '78, Clergyman, Ytterboe, Halvor T., '81, Professor, St. Minneapolis, Minn. Olaf College, Northfleld, Minn. SUMMARY OCCCPATIONS LIVING DECEASED TOTAL 1. Farmers 32 6 38 2. Manufacturers » 2 .. 2 3. Professional Service (485) a. Clergymen and Missionaries 262 42 304 b. Draftsmen 1 . . 1 c. Editors and Authors 10 4 14 d. Lawyers 23 4 27 e. Librarians 3 1 4 f . Musicians 1 . . 1 g. Physicians and Dentists 38 6 44 h. Professors and Teachers 147 16 163 4. Public Service (25) a. Army 2 1 3 b. Public Officers 23 2 25 5. Students 29 15 44 6. Transportation 5 . . 5 7. Trade (113) a. Bankers 42 2 44 b. Merchants and Business Men 71 6 77 8. Unclassified 5 5 Total Number of Graduates, 1866-1921 691 110 801 Luther College has also conferred the M. A. degree upon 21 of the above graduates (See pp. 424-425), and upon Rev. Sigvard Sondresen, now of Christiania, Norway, in 1900, and Rev. Rasmus Malinin, present editor of "Lutheraneren", in 1906. II. Geographical Summary TABLE SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF LIVING GRADUATES OF LUTHER COLLEGE, MAY, 1922 United States (669") California 18 Colorado 2 District of Columbia 6 Idaho 4 Illinois 25 (Chicago 20) Indiana 1 Iowa 74 (Decorah 23) Maryland 3 Massachusetts 3 Michigan 5 Minnesota 235 (St. Paul 31) (Minneapolis 50) Missouri 2 Montana 20 Nebraska 5 New Jersey 3 New Mexico 1 New York 9 North Dakota 105 Ohio 3 Oregon 5 Pennsylvania 2 Philippine Islands 3. Rhode Island 1 South Dakota 38 Texas 7 Washington 25 Wisconsin 64 424 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Canada (8) Alberta 1 Manitoba + Saskatchewan 3 Austria 1 China 3 France 1 Norway 5 South Africa 3 Turkey 1 Total 091 The last addresses of the 110 deceased graduates of Luther College were dis- tributed as follows: United States (107) California 3 Colorado 1 Connecticut 1 Georgia 1 Illinois 5 Iowa 19 Maryland 2 Minnesota 38 Montana 2 Nebraska 1 New York 1 North Dakota 8 Oregon 2 South Dakota 3 Tennessee 1 Texas 2 Washington 4 Wisconsin 13 France 1 Norway 2 Total 110 III. Postgraduate and Professional Degrees The following list of Luther College graduates who have obtained graduate and professional degrees is as complete as available information permits. Many graduates have in earlier years received the M. A. degree from Luther College in recognition of work done elsewhere; but at no time has the list of higher degrees been an adequate measure of t)ie amount of graduate work done by Luther Col- lege men. 1. MASTERS (ft 2) a. MASTER OF ARTS (.-)!)) Anderson, Rasmus B., '66, M A., Alfred University (N. Y.), 1868 (Hon.) Reque, Lars S., '68, M. A., Luther College, 1883. Naeseth, Christen A., '74, M. A., Luther College, 1883 Roalkvam, Halvard G., '74, M. A. Luther College, 1883. Bothne, Gisle C. J., '78, M. A., Luther College, 1883. Gjevre, Anders H., '78, M. A , Luther College, 190.3. Homme, Thorleif 0., '78, M. A , Luther College, 1884. Egge, Albert E., '79, M. A., Luther Col- lege, 1884. Eikeland, Peder J., '80, M. A., St. Olaf College, 1910. Evenson, Gustav A , '80, M. A., Luther Col- lege, 1884. Hilleboe, Hans S., '81, M. A., Luther College, 1886. Holstad, Andr., '81, M. A., Luther Col- lege, 1884. Fossum, Andrew, '82, M. A , Luther Col- lege, 1884. Koren, William, '82, M. A., Luther Col- lege, 1892. Hektoen, Ludvig, '83, M. A. Luther Col- lege, 1896. I-ee, Olav E., '83, M. A., Luther College, 1904. Ness, Jens A., '84, M. A. Luther College, 1890. Grose, Ingebrikt F., '85, M. A., Luther College, 1890. Tingelstad, John 0., '85, M. A., Luther College, 1890. Estrem, Andrew O., '86, M. A., Cornell University, 1889. Granrud, John E., '86, M. A., Luther Col- lege, 1890. Swenson, Laurits S., '86, M. A., Luther College, 1889. Lee, Gustav T., '88, M. A., Luther Col- lege, 1903. Kvale, Ole J., '90, M. A., University of Chicago, 1914. Steensland, Morton M., '90, M. A., Luther College. Olson, Oscar L., '93, M. A., University of Minnesota, 1903. Jahr, Olav, 96, Cand. Philos., Royal Frede- rik University, Christiania, Norway, 1902. Olsen, Holden M., '96, M. A , Harvard University, 1912. Hagestad, Knut M., '97, M. A., Univer- sity of Minnesota, 1899. Dahlen, Fred, '98, M. A., University of Minnesota, 1900. Peterson, Joseph M., '98, M. A., Univer- sity of Minnesota, 1901. Johnson, Perry S., '99, M. A., Univer- sity of Wisconsin, 1903. Hustvedt, S. Bernhard, '02, M. A., Uni- versity of California, 1912; Harvard University, 1914. Jacobsen, Karl T., '02, M. A., University of Wisconsin, 1906. Bale, Christian E., '04, M. A., Univer- sity of Iowa, 1906. Dorrum, Ingebret, '04, M. A., Harvard University, 1912. Thompson, T. Elmer, '04, M. A , Univer- sity of Chicago, 1914. Tonning, Ole, '04, M. A., University of Michigan, 1907. Tingelstad, Oscar A., '05, M. A., Univer- sity of Chicago, 1913. Brendal, John M., '06, M. A., University of Minnesota, 1908. Bruland, Peter 0., '06, M. A., Leland Stanford University, 1921. Nordlie, Herman C, '06, M. A., Univer- sity of Wisconsin, 1908. Tyssen, Carl, '06, M. A , University of Wisconsin, 1913. Olsen, Nils A., '07, M. A., University of Wisconsin, 1909. Larsen, Henning, '08, M. A., University of Iowa, 1911. Larsen, Jakob A. O., '08, M. A., Univer- versity of Iowa, 1910; B. A., Oxford University, 1914. GRADUATES 425 Lillegard, George O., '08, University of Chicago, 1918. Naeseth, William K., '08, M. A , Columbia University, 1915. Hokaasen, Otto T., '09. M. A., Northwest- ern University, 1911. Peterson, Francis E., '09, M. A., Univer- sity of Wisconsin, 1910. Iverson, Peter J , '10, M. A., University of North Dakota, 1917. Onsgard, Henry A., '11, M. A., Univer- sity of Wisconsin, 1918. Opstad, Iver A., '11, M. A., University of Iowa, 1919. Hansen, Carl M., '12, M. A , Leland Stan- ford University, 1914. Nelson, David T., '12, B. A., Oxford Uni- versity, 1920. Peterson, Enoch E., '12, M. A , University • of Michigan, 1922. Urness, John N., '14, M. A., University of North Dakota, 1921. Brandt, Walther I , '15, M. A., Univer- sity of Wisconsin, 1917. Hovde, Brynjolf J., '16, M. A., University of Iowa, 1919. b. MASTER OF SCIENCE (2) Fjeldstad, Chr. Alford, '05, University of Chicago, 1910. Braafladt, Louis H., '06, University of Chicago, 1914. c. MASTER OF PEDAGOGY (1) Christianson, Conrad M , '81, New York University, 1900. 2. DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (In Cursu) (18) Sander, Anton B., '74, Yale University, 1877. Egge, Albert E., '79, Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, 1887. Fossum, Andrew, '82, Johns Hopkins University, 1887. Ness, Jens A., '84, Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, 1901. Dahl, Olaus, '85, Yale University, 1891. Shefloe, Joseph S., '85, Johns Hopkins University, 1890. Estrem, Andrew O., '86, Cornell Univer- sity, 1892. Granrud, John E., '86, Cornell Univer- sity, 1892. Mikkelsen, Michael A., '86, Johns Hop- kins University, 1892. Mellby, Carl A., '88, University of Leip- zig, 1901. Olson, Oscar L., '93, University of Chi- cago, 1914. Hagen, Sivert N., '96, Johns Hopkins University, 1900 Peterson, Joseph M., '98, University of Leipzig, 1909. Hustvedt, S. Bernhard, '02, Harvard Uni- versity, 1915. Ylvisaker, Sigurd C, '03, University of Leipzig, 1910. Larsen, Henning, '08, Princeton Univer- sity, 1920. Larsen, Jakob A. 0., 08, M. A., Oxford University, 1920 Brandt, Walther I., '15, University of Wisconsin, 1920. 3. HONORARY DOCTORATES (18) a. DOCTOR OF DIVINITY (0) Stub, Hans Gerhard, '66, Concordia Semi- nary, 1903. Ylvisaker, Johannes, '74, Concordia Semi- nary, 1904; Lutheran Seminary, Wau- watosa, Wis., 1904. Brandt, Olaf Elias, '79, Northwestern College, 1915. Kildahl, Johan Nathan, '79, Bonrd of Education, Augustana Synod, 1912. Stub, Jacob Aall Ottesen, '98, Pennsyl- vania College, 1919. Larsen, Lauritz, '02, Pennsylvania Col- lege, 1919. b. DOCTOR OF SACRED THEOLOGY (1) Larsen, Lauritz, '02, Thiel College, 1919. c. DOCTOR OF LAWS (0) Anderson, Rasmus IJ., '66, University of Wisconsin, 1888. Stub, Hans Gerhard, '06, Capital Univer- sity, 1922. Hektoen, Ludvig, '83, University of Cin- cinnati, 1920. Voldeng, M. Nelson, '83, Buena Vista Col- lege, 1905. Larsen, Lauritz, '02, Muhlenberg College, 1921. Preus, Jacob Aall Ottesen, '03, Augustana College, 1921. d. DOCTOR OF LITERATURE (1) Rygh, George Alfred Tayloi', '81, New- berry College, 1917. e. DOCTOR OF SCIENCE (1) Hektoen, Ludvig, '83, University of Michi- gan, 1913; University of Wis., 1916. f. DOCTOR OF MEDICINE (1) (Honoris Causa) Hektoen, Ludvig, '83, Royal Frederik University, Christiania, Norway, 1911. g. DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (2) (Honoris Causa) Anderson, Rasmus B., '66, University of Klausenburg, Transylvania. Gimmestad, Lars M., '91, (Jale College. 4. CLERGYMEN (380") a. CANDIDATE IN THEOLOGY (376) (See Chapter Twenty.) b. .BACHELOR OF DIVINITY (1) Johnshoy, M. Casper, '09, Luther The- ological Seminary, 1919. c. MASTER OF SACRED THEOLOGY (3) Johnshoy, J. Walter, '11, Harvard Uni- versity, 1921. Lono, Mikkel, '17, Princeton University, 1920. Rohne, J. Magnus, '17, Hartford The- ological Seminary, 1921. 5. PHYSICIANS, DENTISTS, CHIRO- PRACTORS (48 ) a. DOCTOR OF MEDICINE (44) Amundson, Albert C, '78, University of New York City, 1882. Mohn, Fred. Voss, '81, University of Min- nesota, 1891. Hektoen, L,udvig, '83, Physicians and Sur- geons, Chicago, 1887; Rush. 1890. Voldeng, M. Nelson, '83, University of Illinois, 1888. Krohn, Eugene, '85, Rush Medical Col- lege, 1888. Torrison, George A., '85, Columbia Uni- versity, 1889. Larsen, I,auritz A., '86, Rush Medical College, 1895. 426 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Bakke, Peter H., '88, University of Min- nesota, 1891. Larsen, Herman, '89, University of Iowa, 1893. „ I Unseth, Magnus A., '90, Rush Medical Col- lege, 1893. Moore, Henry W., '91, Northwestern University, 1896. Reque, Peter A., '91, University of Ver- mont, 1896. Swennes, Ole S., '91, Rush Medical Col- lege, 1896. Dahl, Gerhard A., '93, Hahneman (Chi- cago), 1896. Bothne, Erling A., '94, Physicians and Surgeons, 1899. Peterson, John R , '94, University of Min- nesota, 1897. Reque, Herman A., '94, Rush Medical College, 1906. Hektoen, Martin, '95, Rush Medical Col- lege, 1899. Thorsgaard, Karl L., '96, Rush Medical College, 1900. Gullixson, Andrew, '97, Rush Medical Col- lege, 1902. Lewison, Eli, '97, Rush Medical College, 1902. Jenson, James C , '99, University of Min- nesota, 1903. Olsen, Martin I., '99, Rush Medical Col- lege, 1905. Gaard, Rasmus, '00, University of Min- nesota, 1904. Larson, Oscar O., '00, University of Min- nesota, 1907. Aspelund, S. Joseph, '01, University of Minnesota, 1906. Estrem, Carl 0., '01, University of Min- nesota, 1907. Hexom, John Daniel, 01, University of Iowa, 1905. Teisberg, Carl B , '01, University of Min- nesota, 1906. Grangaard, Henry Oswald, '02, University of Minnesota, 1908. Sorenson, Alfred R., '02, Physicians and Surgeons, 1908. Grinde, George A., '03, Rush Medical Col- lege, 1908. Kansa, Lawrence Jens, '03, University of Iowa, 1910. Rosholt, A. Jens, '03, Rush Medical Col- lege, 1908. Hovde, Carl H. R., '04, Rush Medical Col- lege, 1908 Vollum, Edward Oscar, '04, University of Iowa, 1908. Fjeldstad, C. Alford, '05, Rush Medical College, 1911. Braafladt, Louis H., '06, Rush Medical Col- lege, 1916. Johnson, Peter 0. C, '06, University of North Dakota, 1913. Bjorgo, C. W. Walther, '07, Rush Medical College. Birkelo, Carl C, '10, Rush Medical Col- lege, 1914. Ekfelt, Odd, '10, Rush Medical College, 1916. Hjelle, Carl A., '10, Rush Medical College, 1914. Ylvisaker, I.auritz S., '10, University of Minnesota, 1918. b. DOCTOR OF DENTAL SURGERY (2) rhorsen, M. Hauman, '07, University of Minnesota, 1917. Qually, Peter W., '10, University of Iowa, 1914. c. DOCTOR OF CHIROPRACTIC (2-) Dahl, Wilhelm P., '12, Davenport. Opsahl, J. Ebeihard, '16, Davenport. 6. LAWYERS (38) a. BACHELOR OF LAW (37) Reque, Lars S., '68, University of Iowa, 1874. Gjellum, Erik S., '79, University of Iowa, 1882. Torrison, Oscar M., '81- University of Iowa, 1882; Columbia University, 1884. Kiland, Gustav H., '83, University of Wis- consin, 1889. Aubolee, Mads O., '84. Lund, John H., '84. Thuland, Conrad M., '85, University of Minnesota, 1887. Finseth, Knut A., '86, University of Iowa, 1889. Remmen, Martin E., '88, University of Minnesota, 1891. Dahlen, Knute T., '94, University of Min- nesota, 1900. Opheim, Ola S., '94, Humboldt College, 1900. Johnson, Eugene Gustave, '99, University of Iowa, 1902. Bergman, Hjalmar A., '99, University of North Dakota, 1903. Brorby, Joseph, '99, University of Minne- sota, 1906. Hanson, Nils B., '99, University of Min- nesota, 1903. Johnson, Perry Spencer, '99, University of Iowa, 1902. Hegland, Martin, '00, University of Min- nesota, 1903 Linde, Henry J., '01, University of Min- nesota, 1906. Aaker, Casper D., '02, University of Min- nesota, 1905. Dahle, Martin O., '02, University of North Dakota, 1906. Johnson, Lewis Gerhard, '02, University of Iowa, 1905. Brekke, Edward A., '03, University of Minnesota, 1907. Koefod, Sigvard M. R., '03, University of Minnesota, 1906. Preus, Jacob A. 0., '03, University of Minnesota, 1906. Paulson, Peter C, '04, Georgetown Uni- versity, 1915. Brendal, John M., '06, La Salle Exten- sion University. Halls, Carl B., '06, University of North Dakota, 1909. Chommie, Hans N., '06, University of Minnesota, 1910. Rodsater, George I , '06, University of North Dakota, 1909. Naeseth, John Richard, '07, University of Minnesota, 1911. Torrison, Anker O., '07, University of Minnesota, 1910. Hanson, George Christopher, '09, Univer- sity of Minnesota, 1913. Leum, Henry, '09, University of South D-ikota, 1913. Halvorson, Alfred Olai, '10, University of Minnesota, 1915. PreuB, Wilhelm C, '13, Georgetown Uni- versity, 1920. Brunsdale, K. Edward, '14, University of Minnesota, 1919 Preus, Herman A., '16, University of Min- nesota, 1920. Stalland, Knute D., '18, St. Paul College of Law, 1921. GRADUATES 427 b. DOCTOR OF CIVIL LAWS (1) Preus, Ove J. H., '01, University of South- ern California, 1917. 7. MISCELLANEOUS DEGREES Jahr, Torstein, '96, Bachelor of Library Science, University of Illinois, 1899. Savre, Bertinius K., '96, Bachelor of Science in Engineering, Valparaiso, 1899. Fuglie, A. Edwin, '01, Mining Engineer, University of Minnesota, 1907. Schjeldahl, Theo., '05, Civil Engineer, Iowa State College, 1910. Erstad, Andrew, '10, B. S. in Forestry, University of Minnesota. 1913. 8. MASTER OF ARTS TO NON-LUTHER GRADUATES (2) Sondresen, Sigvard, University of Chris- tiania, B. A., '82; M. A., '83; C. T., '89; Luther College, M. A., 1900. Malmin, Rasmus, University of Chris- tiania, B A., '87; M. A., '88; C. T., '91; Luther College, M. A., 1906. SUMMARY OF POSTGRADUATE AND PROFESSIONAL DEGREES Masters a. M. A b. M. S e. M. Fed Doctors (in Cursu) a. Ph. D Doctors (Honoris Causae) a. D. D b. S. T. D c. LL. D d. Litt. D e. Sc. D f. M. D g. Ph. D Clergymen a C. T b. B. D c. M. S. T Physicians, Dentists, Chiropractors a. M. D b. D. D. S c. D. C Lawyers a. LL. B b D. C. L Miscellaneous a. B. L. S b. B. S. in Engineering c. M. E d. C. E e. B. S. in Forestry Masters (not B. A.'s at Luther) a. M. A 4 1 6 1 1 1 2 324 1 3 38 2 2 33 1 DECEASED 6 1 6 1 1 1 2 376 1 44 2 2 37 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 406 IV. Luther College Alumni Association The Luther College Alumni Association has a history of which it may well be proud. For forty years it has stood by the Col- lege and aided it well in a variety of ways. Probably the oldest organization of graduates from Luther Col- lege, the Association was founded in 1880. The matter had been fully discussed by several loyal graduates, and the plans crystal- lized in a meeting held in Decorah on the 28th of June, 1880. This meeting intended to found a society which would "increase interest in Luther College, bind together the alumni, and aid the College in any way possible," and more especially "provide schol- arships for those having a decided bent in any direction, such as the fine arts or sciences." 428 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Accordingly the meeting organized as the "Luther College Alumni Association" with the following officers: president, L. S. Reque, '68 ; vice-presidents, Albert Egge, '79, and Johannes Bothne, '78 ; secretary, Halvard Roalkvam, '74 ; asst. secretary, Gisle Bothne, '78; treasurer, Realf Brandt,'77. The Luther College Alumni Association accordingly embarked on a most useful career. One of the first plans under discussion was the collection of an endowment fund of $50,000. A committee was elected to solicit subscriptions, and at the end of one year re- ported the not very pleasing sum of $190.25 collected and $190.00 subscribed. After a lengthy discussion the matter was left to a permanent finance committee. This committee immediately rose to the occasion and made arrangements with Rev. J. Koren, '79, to solicit funds. The subscriptions were to be valid only in the event that the total proposed fund was subscribed. Mr. Koren worked faithfully and at the end of one year, at the meeting of 1883, reported a subscription of $10,000.00. His expenses, however, had amounted to over $350.00. The Alumni Association discussed this matter at some length. The difficulty seemed to be the procuring of further funds to pay the expenses of a collector in the field. No satisfactory method of procedure was suggested, and the meeting broke up without having solved the problem. The fund was next mentioned in 1887. It was deemed advis- able to begin solicitations again, but before starting it would be necessary to incorporate in order to be in a position to handle funds on a legal footing. Accordingly, on May 31, 1888, a com- mittee which had been appointed incorporated the Luther College Alumni Association under the laws of Iowa. When the College building burned in 1889, the endowment fund campaign seems to have been given up. Early the need was felt for a means of communication among the alumni. Some organ of expression was lacking. Particularly was this need felt during the campaign for the endowment fund. The Alumni Association set about to accomplish this end also, when in 1883 it elected a committee to plan an alumni newspaper or magazine. This project was given up when "College Chips" began to appear in 1884. The Association remained active. Frequent gifts and loans were made to the library, museum, laboratories, etc. Gifts as large as $250.00 were made to the museum. Various oil paintings of former professors and former church men were secured. The GRADUATES 429 Association was also active in the campaign carried on to build a house for Dr. Laur. Larsen. The largest single gift to the College through the Alumni As- sociation was the lighting plant, which was installed in 1901. In the 1901 meeting of the Alumni Association Rev. H. B. Hustvedt, '73, broached the subject of installing electric lights and presented a careful estimate of prices. The idea was at once accepted and a committee with power to act was appointed. This committee acted at once, and the lights were installed together with a good power plant. The citizens of Decorah especially aided in this cause by giving liberally. In later years the College has received three valuable pieces of land from the Alumni Association. A committee elected October 14, 1911, purchased on behalf of the Association a strip of land containing eight acres lying just north of High Street and ad- joining the College campus. The consideration was $2,175.81, taxes since 1910, and costs. This land had been held for many years by Prof. C. K. Preus, '73, Rev. John Moldstad, '94, and Andrew Jenson, who were afraid it might fall into hands from which it might be hard to buy it when the College had need of it. In 1921 the Association voted to buy the Dayton property and an adjoining piece of land, both lying south of the College. The con- siderations totaled $1,700.00. The Association has also aided the building campaign of the College. As early as 1908 the library was under discussion. In 1909 it was moved to try for a library building by 1911. In 1912 J. C. M. Hanson, '82, was made chairman of a permanent commit- tee to secure a library building. This committee aided materially in the campaign which resulted in the beautiful Koren Library. At present the Alumni Association is sponsoring plans for a new gymnasium. Through its committee a sufficiently large sum has been collected to promise well for the early realization of this plan. In this connection it may be fitting to note the movement for a federation of Luther College clubs. As early as 1911 the idea was broached by the Western Minnesota Luther College Club, that some permanent organization of Luther College clubs be effected. The idea was expressed again at the 1914 meeting of the Association, when all Luther College clubs were urged to send delegates to the annual meeting in June. This has been done by some clubs and may develop into a custom. In 1921 the idea appeared to be ready to crystallize into some- thing tangible. Through the invitation of the Decorah Luther 430 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS College Club a meeting of delegates from the various clubs was called in Minneapolis to discuss a federation of Luther College clubs. Four clubs sent representatives. A tentative constitution was drawn up and all plans made for the final launching of such a federation at the 60th anniversary celebration to be held at De- corah October 14, 1921. However, at the meeting held at De- corah the plan was changed to the adoption of a resolution call- ing for a corresponding secretary of the Alumni Association who should fulfill the purpose of a federation of Luther College Clubs. This was done as a result of the change in the constitution of the Alumni Association, which now permits former students to become members. The federation is thus unnecessary. A second plan which originated with the Alumni Association is that of inviting reunions, at the regular commencement exer- cises, or at some other time, of the classes of five, ten, twenty-five, forty, and fifty years' standing. Now the class of fifty-five years' standing has been added. This plan has met with gratifying re- sults. The success of the plan will evidently increase with years as the classes begin to plan in advance for the event. V. Luther College Clubs Closely connected with the history of the Alumni Association is the history of Luther College clubs. When this idea originated is not certain, but at present the oldest club seems to be the Chi- cago Luther College Club, which was organized in 1890. The founders of this worthy club were the following well known men: P. O. Str0mme, '76, O. M. Kalheim, '84, Geo. Markhus, '85, Laur- itz Thoen, N. E. Remmen, Ludvig Hektoen, '83, D. Kvaase, '85, and others. Since that time many clubs have been organized, some of them surviving the years, a few forced to stop active work because of loss of members who have moved to other places. Among the early clubs was the Central Minnesota Club. The Southern Wisconsin and the Atlantic Luther College Clubs have both been active for over twenty years. This is the more remark- able in the case of the Atlantic Luther College Club in that its membership has been small. The College has at all times been assisted greatly by these clubs. It would be impossible to enumerate the benefits received from them in the course of their history, or to evaluate the great influence for the good of the College of these annual meetings. Some outstanding gifts will, however, be mentioned. The Southern Wisconsin Club has at all times been interested in oratory and has given fully $800.00 toward prizes for this GRADUATES 431 branch of student activity. It must be noted here that at one meeting of this club Rev. A. Bredesen, '70, gave the address of welcome in faultless Latin. The Atlantic Club has been interested in the work in the Norwegian department, having given prizes for Norwegian essays, and having presented the library with a large "Konversations-Leksikon". Many clubs have supported or aided students at Luther College, notably the Central Minne- sota, the Chicago, and the South Dakota Clubs. The Bang Li- brary was secured mainly by donations by various clubs of sums of $150.00 or more each. Mention must also be made of two clubs more specialized than the regular Luther College Clubs, clubs with a large membership and very active. The Luther College Teachers' Association of North Dakota was founded to promote the professional interests of Luther men in North Dakota. Founded by A. M. Mevig, '09, John M. Trytten, '11, P. J. Iverson, '10, and others in 1912, this association has grown in activity and influence and is one of our strongest graduate organizations. The Luther College Business Men's Association is a newer club organized in the Twin Cities and limited to Luther men. Although a very new organization it bids fair to become strong, and will unquestionably do much to further the interests of Luther College. VI. Directory of Luther College Alumni Associations and Clubs Since some clubs are not at present active, this list gives as fully as possible all clubs with the names of officers as last re- ported. LUTHER COLLEGE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Pres., I. B. Torrison, '79; vice pres., O. J. H Preus, '01; 2nd vice pres., L. S. Swenson, '86; 3rd vice pres., B J. Hovde, '16; sec'y, L. A. Moe, '12; asst. sec, Arne Sorlien, '21; treas., Carl W. Strom, '19. LUTHER COLLEGE TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION OF NORTH DAKOTA Pres., John N. Urness, '14; sec'y-treas., Emil Estenson, '11; vice pres., E. Tingelstad. '17. LUTHER COLLEGE BUSINESS MEN'S ASSOCIATION Pres., K. D. Stalland, '18; vice pres., Otis M. Aamodt, '19; sec'y-treas., C. A. Anderson, '17; directors, H. A. Preus, '16, Lester Gorder, '15, LUTHER COLLEGE CLUBS Albert Lea Pres., J. H. Myrvrang; vice pres., Alfred Christopherson ; 2nd vice pres., K. A. Thorstenson, '01; sec'y, Oliver Hove; treas., A. C. Erickson. Atl-ntic Pres., Isaac Anderson, '90 ; vice pres., S. Turmo, '99 ; sec'y-treas , Joseph Johnson, '06. Central Iowa (older) Pros., J. E Jorgenson, '86; vice pres., J. B. Unseth, '97; sec'y, P. W. Qually, '10; treas., H. Solum, '90. Central lowp (new) Pres., J. H. Lunde, '89; treas., Karl Hanson, '08; sec, Ira J. Melaas, '19. Central Minnesota Pres., A. C. Pederson, '04; vice pres., H. O. Svare; sec, A. Struxness; treas., J. O. Estrem; field agent, E. I. Strom, '91. 432 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS Chicago Pi-es., J. G. Steensland, '97; vice pres., Magnus Unseth, '90; sec.-treas., Chr. J. Buslee. Decorah Pres., L. A. Moe, '12; vice pres., W. B. Ingvoldstad ; treas., Oscar Winger; sec, Carl W. Strom, '19. Eastern Wisconsin Pres., C. S. B. Hoel; sec, N. G. Torrison, '89; treas., A. 0. Fosen. Inter-Mountain Pres., T. M. Drotning, '06; 1st vice pres., G. A. Hanson, '05; 2nd vice pres., O. C. Hellelison, '00; sec, J. A. Hopperstad; treas, C. O. Teisberg, '99. La Crosse Pres., O. Ottersen, '89; vice pres., H. J. Wein, '98; sec.-treas., H. C. Smeby, '02. National Capital Pres., Torstein Jahr, '96; sec, S. N. Dalil, '07. Northern Minnesota Pres., H. N. Chommie, '06 ; sec , Oscar Sponheiin, '05 ; treas., S. L. Tallak- son, '06. Puget Sound Pres., C B. Halls, '06; vice pres., M. A. Christensen, '92; sec, 0. Eger, '02; corr. sec, N. J. Hong, '95; treas., H. Myron. Red River Valley Pres., I G. Monson; vice pres., A. E. Lien, '85; sec, Lars Foss; treas., D. G. Jacbbson, '01. South Dakota Pres., J. A. Blilie, '77; sec, Alfred Nelson, '03; treas., N. O Monserud. Southern Wisconsin Pres., O. J. H. Preus, '01; sec, C. G. Naeseth, '03; treas., D. J. Borge, '08. Twin City Pres., G. B. WoUan, '79; vice pres, C. A. Fjeldstad, '05; sec.-treas., Thomas J. Olsen. AVestern Minnesota Pres., S. J. N. Ylvisaker, '95; vice pres., Carl Estrem, '01; sec, E A. Boyd, '98; treas., A. G. Quammen. Western North Dakota Pres., C. D. Aakei-, '02 ; vice pres , Geo. Reishus ; sec, C. T. Jenson ; treas., Herman Dahl. MAIN BUILDING, 1875 CHAPTER TWENTY LUTHER COLLEGE GRADUATES AND UNDER- GRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK Brynjolp J. HOVDE LUTHER COLLEGE has always been in a peculiar sense an ' institution of the Church. It was founded by the Church, and for the Church. The document which was placed in the corner- stone of the first building of the College, the corner-stone of the present Main, where it still reposes, stated it to be the specific purpose of Luther College to provide a thorough and liberal edu- cation for those who intended to study theology and become ministers of the Gospel in the Norwegian Lutheran Church in America. Luther College tlierefore has endeavored to direct her students toward the theological seminary. How well the College has served the Church and fulfilled its mission, it is the object of this chapter to show. The compilation of the lists and tables which follow would have been a much more difficult task, if, indeed, a possible one, but for the availability of Dr. O. M. Norlie's "Norsk Lutherske Prester i Amerika", and his "School Calendar", which is as yet unpublished. Next to Dr. Norlie the writer is indebted to Prof. O. A. Tingelstad, registrar at Luther College, for the use of his statistical abstracts from the catalogs of this institution. The list entitled "Luther College Men in the Ministry" was first compiled by Prof. Tingelstad and published in "College Chips", Febru- ary, 1919. By the writer it has been embodied in this chapter, and merely been brought up to date, although in a few cases dates of ordination which were lacking have been supplied. Prof. Gisle Bothne's "Det Norske Luther College", the church papers, and the records of Luther College have also been used as sources for the information herein contained. The questionnaires lo former students, which have been returned, have been especially valuable in a supplementary and corroboratory capacity. In the following lists there are undoubtedly errors, both of omission and commission, but they are unwillingly and unknowing- ly made, and any assistance that the readers of this volume can render in the discovery and rectification of such errors, will be 434 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS greatly appreciated. The policy in the preparation of this chapter has been to be as conservative in making the estimates as is con- sistent with the facts, the aim being to present figures that need not be discounted. Not all the church work which is engaged in by Luther College men has been included in this presentation. All activities in the local congregations, except the purely pastoral work of the minister, have been omitted, and only the more im- portant church offices have been taken into account. This chapter does not pretend to be a compendium of the churchly activities of every man who has at one time or another been a student at Luther College, but merely an attempt to show how Luther Col- lege has served the purpose of her founders by supplying leaders for the Church. I. Luther College Men in the Ministry "In discussions concerning Luther College, the question has often arisen, How many Luther College men have entered the ministry of the Gospel ?. The appended list represents an attempt to answer this question. "In the table, the first column of figures enumerates all the men ; the second enumerates the graduates, and the third column the undergraduates (from the standpoint of Luther College), who have been ordained. (A few of those in the undergraduate list are graduates of other colleges). The fourth column gives the names in alphabetical order, and the fifth the years in attendance at Luther College. The last three columns give, respectively, the church body within which each person was ordained, the date of ordination, and the theological seminary conferring the 'Testi- monium pro candidatura.' "The meaning of the abbreviations used in the sixth column is as follows: NS, Norwegian Synod; UC, United Lutheran Church; NL, Norwegian Lutheran Church of America; Anti, the Anti- Missourian Brotherhood; PM, Pennsylvania Ministerium; Nor., Church of Norway; Ell., Elling's Synod; IS, Icelandic Synod; Con., the Conference ("Konferensen") ; HS, Hauge's Synod; MS, Missouri Synod; Cong., the Congregational Church. "The meaning of the abbreviations used in the last column is as follows: LS, Luther Seminary; CS, Concordia Seminary, St. Louis; AS, Augsburg Seminary; UC, United Church Seminary; LT, Luther Theological Seminary; CU, Capital University; NS, Northfield Seminary; YU, Yale University; WS, Wittenberg Sem- inary; Chr., University of Christiania; LC, private examination at Luther College; CP, Concordia (Practical) Seminary, Spring- GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 435 field, 111.; EL, Evangelical Lutheran Seminary, Wisconsin Synod; CT, Chicago Theological Seminary; RW, Red Wing Seminary; Aft., Luther Seminary, Afton, Minn." (O. A. Tingelstad in "Col- lege Chips", February, 1919.) The abbreviation UD in the sixth column means the United Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church in America; and the ab- breviation TS in the last column means Trinity Theological Semi- nary, Blair, Nebraska. vtfi*- PULPIT ROCK I. LUTHER COLLEGE MEN IN THE MINISTRY No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- uates uates Name Years at Date of Semi- Luther SynodOrdination nary College . . . . 1 Aaberg, Ole Hermundsen 1869-74 1 Aaberg, Theodore 1909-11 2 Aal, Eugene Junhard 1905-06 1908-11 . ... 2 Aanestad, Cornelius Walther 1904-08 3 Aarnes, Samuel Halvorsen 1890-94 1895-98 . . . . 3 Aas, Carl Christian 1867-69 4 Aasen, Anders 1889-94 5 Aastad, Ivar Torgerson 1889-92 NS 8-12-77 LS NS 8-23-14 LS NS 9-12-15 LS NS 6-30-12 LS NS 8-28-02 LS NS 9-14-71 CS NS 6-21-99 LS NS 7-21-95 LS 436 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS No. Years Total No. Under- at Date of Semi- No. Grad- grad- Name Luther SynodOrdination nary uates uates College 9 6 Akre, Johan Johannesen 1883-84 10 4 Akre, Ole Johnson 1886-93 11 5 Alfsen, Adolf Odin . 1863-69 12 6 Allen, Hans 1876-83 13 7 Amundson, Alfred Heglund 1913-17 14 7 Andersen, Anders C 1870-73 15 8 Andersen, Johannes Nilson 1886-88 1889-91 16 9 Anderson, Abel B 1864-65 1871-72 17 10 Anderson, Andreas Johnson 1876-81 18 8 Anderson, Andrew P 1913-17 19 9 Anderson, Christian 1890-96 20 11 Anderson, Martin 1898-99 21 10 Andrews, Melvin 1909-14 22 12 Arvesen, Nils 1876-80 23 13 Askevold, Bernt 1874-75 24 11 Astrup, Johannes 1890-93 25 12 Aubol, Carl Otto 1877-83 26 14 Austin, Casper M 1911-16 27 13 Austin, Otto George 1905-12 28 14 Austvold, Edwin B 1893-97 29 15 Baalson, Elmer A 1911-15 30 16 Baalson, Herman E , 1899-04 31 17 Backerud, Martin Bertinius 1904-08 32 18 Bakke, Nils J 1871-77 33 15 Bale, Jens Eriksen 1872-74 34 16 Ballestad, Erik Thorsen 1885-89 35 19 Beito, Gulbrand Gulbrandsen .... 1882-89 36 20 Belgum, Anton Hendrikson 1901-07 37 21 Belgum, Erik Syverson 1901-07 38 17 Belsheim, Ole G 1878-79 1880-82 39 18 Berg, Joseph H 1895-96 1897-98 40 22 Berg, Nils Iverson 1886-92 41 19 Berge, Nils Bryngelsen. . . .1862-63 1867-68 42 20 Berge, Oluf Abrahamson . 1883-85 43 21 Bergee, Theodor 1903-04 1905-07 44 23 Bergh, Axel 1898-03 45 24 Bergh, Johannes Ellefsen 1861-66 46 25 Bergman, Fredrik 1876-81 47 22 Berthelsen, Hans Peter 1889-91 48 26 Berven, Sven Kristensen. 1895-01 49 27 Bestul, Christian Brandt 1886-93 50 23 Beyer, Ole Nilsen 1879-80 51 24 Birkelo, Peder Christenson 1894-97 52 25 Bjerke, Anders Olson 1896-98 53 28 Bj0rgaas, John J 1874-79 54 29 Bj0rgo, KnutKnutsen 1864-70 55 30 Blegen, Hans Andreas Hansen 1882-86 56 31 Blicher, Peter Christensen. . ' 1895-03 57 32 Blilie, Johan Anton 1871-77 58 33 Blaekkan, Ingebrigt Johnson 1886-92 59 26 Bly(Bleie), Henry Severin (Severt) 1911-17 60 27 Bogstad, Rasmus R 188.3-87 61 34 Borge, Daniel Johannes 1902-08 62 28 Borge, Michael 1870-71 63 35 Borge, Olaf 1896-03 64 36 Borgen, Edward 1871-76 65 37 Borlaug, Arthur Oliver 1908-14 66 38 Bothne, Johannes Gottfried Daae. 1875-78 67 39 Boyd, Edwin Arthur 1894-95 1896-98 68 40 Braafladt, Louis Henry 1901-06 69 41 Braaten, Sven Olsen 1875-81 70 42 Brandt, Olaf Elias 1873-79 71 43 Brandt, Realf Ottesen 1871-77 72 44 Bredesen. Adolf 1865-70 73 45 Bredesen, Alfred 1899-05 74 29 Breivik, Gabriel Isakson 1883-87 75 46 Brevig, Oluf Leonhard 1888-94 76 47 Brevig, Samuel Bernhoff 1889-96 77 30 Brevig, Tollef Larsen 1872-74 1875-77 78 48 Bruland, Peter Olson 1902-06 79 31 Buslee, Adolph Martin 1889-93 80 49 Buedall (Buttedal), Anton 1905-12 81 50 B0e, Nils Nilsen 1882-86 82 51 B0e, Ole Thorsen 1891-94 1896-00 83 32 Christensen, Gustav A 1876-83 UC -92 AS NS 8-16-96 LS NS 3-21-72 CS NS 11-28-86 CS NL 6-13-20 LT NS 1-16-81 I-S NS 7-10-95 T,S NS 9-29-74 CS NS 11- 9-84 LS NL -20 LT NS 8-13-99 LS UC -09 UC NL 6- 9-18 LT NS 5-17-83 cn NS 8-10-82 LS NS 7-23-96 T,S NS 8-15-86 CU NL 6- 1-19 LT NS 8- 6-16 LS NS 6-26-00 LS NL 6- 9-18 LT NS 6-16-07 r,s NS 6- 9-12 LS MS 11- 7-80 CS NS 1- 4-78 LS NS 7-23-93 LS NS 7-31-92 I-S NS 5-29-10 LS NS 5-29-10 LS UC -91 AS NS 7- 9-11 LS NS 8-15-95 LS NS 7-10-70 CS Anti 8-14-87 NS NS 7- 9-11 LS NS 7- 1-06 LS NS 9- 2-69 CS PM -86 NS 9- 4-94 LS NS 7-10-04 LS NS 7-23-96 LS NS -83 LS NS 6-26-01 LS NS 6-16-02 LS NS 7- 9-82 LS NS 5-28-73 CS NS 8-21-90 LS NS 7-22-06 I,S NS 8- 8-80 CS NS 8-18-95 LS NL 6-13-20 LT UC 10-17-90 NS NS 7- 2-11 LS NS 6-22-73 LS NS 6-17-06 LS NS 5-25-79 CS NL 6-10-17 LS NS 8-14-81 LS NS 4-30-02 LS NS 6-27-09 LS NS 9-24-84 I-S NS 9- 2-83 CS NS 9- 2-83 CS NS 5-28-73 CS NS 7-12-08 LS NS 7- 6-90 LS NS 9- 9-97 LS NS 8- 5-00 LS NS 10-21-91 LS NS 5-30-09 LS NS 5-27-02 LS UC 6-13-15 UC NS 8- 8-89 LS NS 6-19-03 LS NS 7-15-92 LS GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 437 Total No. No. No. Under- Grad- grad- uates uates Name Years at Date of Semi- Luther SynodOrdination nary College 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 52 53 54 55 56 58 59 60 61 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 'so' 81 82 '83' 84 85 86 87 89 90 91 93 94 95 96 "97 98' 99 100 101 102 103 33 34 35 36 37 38 40 54 Christensen, Jens C 1899-00 Christensen, Martin Alexander. . . 1886-92 Christensen, Nehem 1866-71 Christopherson, Einar Bj0rn 1900-06 Clauson, Carl T 1893-96 Dahl, Olaus 1880-85 Dahl, Peder Hanson 1878-79 Dahl, Torger Hansen 1862-65 Dahle, (Dale) John Olaus. 1890-91 1894-00 Dale, Elling Olsen 1866-67 1868-70 Danielsen, Jens 1873 Dolven, Andreas Olsen 1883-88 . Dreng, Johan Olsen 1896-01 . D0ving, Carl 1890-93 . Eden, Martin Peter 1885-92 . Eger, Olaf 1896-02 Egge, John Ivarson 1884-87 . Eggen, Thore N 1873-79 Eidahl, Kittil (Ketil) 01senl867-68 1870 . Ellestad, Nils J0rgensen 1865-71 . Engh, Hagbart 1872-78 . Ensrud, Joseph Oscar Emil 1905-09 .Erdahl, Gullik Mikkelsen 1862-66 .Estrem, Gustav Rudolph 1902-06 .Estrem, Herman Wilhelm 1900-04 .Evans, Leif Erling 1911-17 Everson, Carl (Charles) Severin Edvard 1868-70 .Faye, Christopher Urdahl 1906-09 . Felland, Ole Gunderson 1868-74 . Fjeldstad, Halvor Osmundson. . . . 1881-88 Fjeldstad, Rollef Knuteson R. . . . 1879-81 Flaten, Christopher Amundson. . . 1874-78 . Floren, Sivert Lassesen 1867-69 . Forseth, Peder Christensen 1909-13 . Fosmark, Ole Nilsen 1869-75 .Foss, Carl L 1908-12 .Fretheim, Martin Erikson 1900-05 .Fretheim, Severt Johan 1903-07 .Fritz, Charles Arnold 1904-05 1907-11 Fuglebak, Daniel Jakobsen 1882-85 . Faegre, Kasper Gulbrandson 1870-77 . F0rde, Gerhard Olavus 1903-07 . F0rde, Nils A 1867-73 Giere, Nils Amundson 1874-75 1882-84 . Giere, Nils Olson 1873-79 Gigstad, Walter Theodore 1910-14 . Gimmestad, Lars Monsen 1884-91 .Gjevre, Anders Haldorsen 1872-78 . Glas0e, Oluf .1876-81 1882-83 Gordon, Henry Truman. .' 1917 . Gotaas, Paul B 1866-73 .Grefthen, Emil Alexander 1910-14 Grefthen, Olaf Lauritz 1896-01 .Greibrok, Aanon 1910-12 . Gr0nlid, (Jensen) Carl Johan Magnus 1871-77 .Gr0nsberg, Ole N 1871-77 Gr0nvold, Ole Christian 1876-81 Guldbrandsen, Guldbrand 1869-72 Gullerud, Sven Olaf Michelson . . . 1892-93 .Gullixon, George Albert. . .1882-87 1888-90 . Gullixson, Thaddeus Francke .... 1899-03 Gunderson, Severin 1874-77 1879 Gutteb0, Kj0stel Larson 1870-76 .Gutteb0, Lauritz Seman 1895-01 .Haatvedt(Hotvedt), Lars Aslakson 1889-95 Haavik, Elias Cornelius 1904-06 . Haavik, Olai Ludvig 1905-12 Hagoes, Owe 1890-91 .Hallanger, Christopher Martinus.. 1892-97 . Halverson, Melvin Walter 1899-04 .Halvorsen, Nils Edwin 1891-96 .Halvorson, Elmer Nestor 1910-14 . Halvorson, Helmer 1900-04 . Halvorson, Johannes 1874-80 UD 6-14-08 TS NS 9- 1-95 LS NS 7- 8-75 CS NS 7-10-10 LS NS 1-28-00 LS uc -91 YU NS 10-25-81 LS NS 10-24-67 CS NS 6-28-03 LS NS 7-14-74 CS NS 7-12-91 LS NS 7-31-04 LS NS 7-23-96 LS NS 8-15-95 LS NS 3-12-05 LS UC -02 ws NS 7- 9-82 LS NS 6-22-73 CS NS 7-14-74 CS NS 8-19-83 LS NS 7-21-12 LS NS 2-15-70 CS NS 3-21-09 LS NS 7-28-07 LS NL 4- 3-21 LT NS 6-22-73 CS NS 6- 2-12 LS NS 9-14-79 CS UC 6-22-91 AS NS 9-14-84 LS NS 4-27-81 LS NS 8-25-72 CS NS 8-13-16 LS NS 9-15-78 CS NS 5-30-15 LS NS 7- 7-07 LS NS 7-10-10 LS NS 6-17-14 LS Anti 7-31-89 NS NS 9-12-80 CS NS 9-15-12 LS NS 9-24-76 CS Anti 9-29-87 NS NS 9- 6-83 LS NL 7-11-20 LT NS 7-22-94 LS NS 11-10-81 LS Anti -89 NS NL 6- 6-20 LT NS 11- 5-79 Chr. NL 10- 7-17 LS NS 6-19-03 LS NS 8 -8-15 LS NS 7-21-81 CS NS 8- 8-80 c;s NS 10-18-84 LS NS 7-14-74 CS NS 9-30-06 LS NS 9-17-93 LS NS 5-12-07 LS NS 8-13-82 LS NS 8-31-79 LS NS 9- 1-04 LS NS 8-14-98 LS NS 6- 6-09 LS NS 9- 5-15 LS NS 8- 4-95 LS NS 6- 4-02 LS : NS 7-12-08 LS 1 NS 10- 7-00 LS NL 6- 9-18 LT : NS 9- 6-08 LS 1 NS 8-31-84 LS 438 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- uates uates Name Years at Date of Semi- Luther SynodOrdination nary College 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 in 113 114 115 116 117 119 120 121 122 123 55 Hammer (Fylling), Lars F. L 1894-96 Hansen, Emil 1897-03 56 Hansen, Harold 1909-17 57 Hansen, Helmer Johan 1910-13 Hansen, S0ren 1876-79 Hanson, Gustav Adolph 1896-99, 1900-01 1903-05 Harstad, Bjug Aanondson 1865-71 58 Hattrem, Thor Hansen 1870 59 Hauge, Anders (Andreas) Eriksen 1876-77 1879-80 Haugen, Clarence 1901-08 ^,^ Haugen,Thomas Amandus 1902-05 1906-09 NS 63 64 124 125 126 'i27' 129 130 131 132' 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142' 143 144' 145 146 73 75 82 83 Hegg, Gustav J 1899-05 Hegg, James Edward 1890-94 1896-98 Heie, Johannes J 1874-78 . .Heimdahl, Olaf Emil 1890-95 . . Hellekson, Oscar C 1892-95 1896-00 Hellestvedt, Johannes Arnesen.. , . 1870-71 Henderson, Elmer A 1907-09 . . Hendrickson, Alfred 1900-06 . .Hendrickson, Peter Anton 1870-76 Henriksen, George 1891-92 . .Hestenes, Jacob Mathias 1893-00 . .Hexom, Wilhelm Theodore 1909-17 Heyer, Halvor Andersen 1875-76 .Hilmen, Peder Tidemandsen 1866-72 Hjermstad, Christian August H. . . 1890-95 Hjermstad, Hans Andr. L. 1894-97 1899-01 Hjort, Otto Christian O... 1870-73 1874-75 Hoel, Olaf Haldorsen 1872-73 .Hoff, Lars Martinus Andreas 1874-75 .Hoff, Pernell Belford 1911-15 .Hoff, Thoralf Anderson 1900-04 . Holden, Ole Martin 1886-89 1891-94 Holey (Larson), Mikkel 1890-92 Holseth, Mikkel Christiansen 1869-71 .Holum, James (Jens) Olaus 1904-08 Homme, Even Johnson 1862-64 . Homme, Thorleif O 1873-78 .Hougen, Johan Olai Jensen 1872-79 . Hougstad, Christian 1889-93 Hovde, Brynjolf , 1861-62 .Hovde, Christian Joachim Mohn.. 1885-92 Hovde, Kolbein Sigvart Joh. 1885-90 1891-93 . Hove, Ellmg O 1878-84 Hoyme, Adolph Helmer.. .1905-06 1913-17 .Hustvedt, Halvor Bj0rnson 1867-73 .Hustvedt, Sigurd Bernhard 1896-02 . Huus, Alfred Larson 1876-82 Ingebrigtson, Carl Bertinius 1892-94 . Ingebrigtson, Johan Edward 1882-89 . Ingebritson, Henry 1896-03 Isberg, Peder 1870-75 Jaastad, Endre Larsen 1869-70 Jacobsen, Jacob Daniel 1864-65 .Jacobson, Daniel Gustav. . 1894-95 1897-01 . Jahren, Johan Hanson 1879-84 Jensen, Lars Petter 1875-78 1880-82 Jenson, Canute Thorvald 1911-14 Jerdee, Joseph Conrad 1904-07 1909-11 . Jerdee, Lars Jensen 1874-75 1877-82 . Johansen, Jens 1871-77 Johnshoy, Joseph Walter 1908-11 Johnshoy, M. Casper 1905-06 1907-09 Johnson, Alfred Otto 1885-91 Johnson, Bergel Alfred 1898-05 Johnson, Hans 1866-70 1871-73 Johnson, Johan Lewis 1890-93 1894-98 Johnson, Joseph 1902-06 Johnson, Torger Andreas 1894-98 Johnson, Wilford Alpheus 1896-99 Jordahl, Daniel Christopherson. . . 1881-88 , Jordahl, Edward L 1905-10 uc -99 UC NS 6-24-06 T,S NL 8-29-20 LT NS 10- 1-16 LS NS 7- 9-82 LS NS 7-14-08 LS NS 7-14-74 CS NS 7-11-70 LC NS 9- 6-83 LS NS 7- 2-11 LS NS 7- 7-12 LS NS 7-12-08 I,S NS 7-20-02 LS Anti 5-18-88 CTT NS 7- 3-98 LS NS 3-29-03 LS NS 6-22-73 CS NL 7-22-17 LS NS 7-24-10 LS NS 8-17-79 CS NS 7- 8-00 LS NS 6-19-03 T,S NL 6-19-21 LT NS 3- 2-79 LS NS 7- 8-75 CS NS 1- 5-99 LS NS 8- -04 LS NS 7-20-82 CTT NS 7-16-76 CP NS 8-31-79 CS NL 6- 9-18 LT NS 6-10-10 LS NS 11- 4-97 LS NS 2- 1-02 LS NS 7-14-74 CS NS 9-20-14 LS NS 7-28-67 CS Nor. 93 Chr. NS 8-10-82 NS NS 10-16-96 LS NS 1-14-69 CS NS 5-19-95 LS NS 3-24-97 LS NS 9- 7-87 CS NL 8- 1-20 LT NS 10-15-76 CS NS 7-23-05 T,S Anti 86 CU NS 6-26-97 LS NS 7-17-92 LS NS 7-23-06 LS NS 7-28-78 LS NS 6-22-73 CS NS 4-29-70 CS NS 7-29-06 LS Anti 9-29-87 NS NS 8- 2-85 CP NL 6-10-17 T,S NL 11-25-17 LT NS 8- 2-85 LS NS 8- 8-80 CS NS 7-11-15 LS NL 7-20-19 LT NS 3-11-94 LS NS 8- 9-08 LS NS 10-15-76 CS NS 7-21-01 LS NS 7-24-10 T-S NS 7-24-04 LS NS 5-25-02 T„S NS 5- 8-92 LS NS 10-29-13 LS GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 439 No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- uates uates Name Years at Date of Semi- Luther SynodOrdination nary College 230 84 231 147 232 148 233 149 234 150 235 151 236 152 .... 237 85 238 153 239 154 240 155 241 156 242 157 243 158 244 159 245 86 246 87 247 160 248 161 249 162 250 163 251 . . 88 252 164 253 165 254 89 255 166 256 90 257 167 258 168 259 169 260 91 261 92 262 170 263 171 264 172 265 173 266 174 267 175 268 176 269 93 270 177 271 178 272 179 273 180 274 94 275 181 276 182 277 183 278 184 279 185 280 186 281 187 282 95 283 188 284 96 285 189 286 190 287 191 288 192 289 193 290 194 291 97 292 195 293 196 294 98 295 197 296 99 297 198 298 199 299 200 300 100 301 101 302 201 303 202 304 102 . Jukam, Ole Gundersen 1862-63 Juul, Martin Bernhard 1889-96 Juul, Otto Gerhard 1887-94 Juve, Tarje Olsen 1863-66 J0rgen?on, Christian 1869-75 j0rgenson, Fingar 1874-80 Jorgenson, Jakob Edvard 1881-86 Kalvestrand, Lars Alfred Marion. . 1905-07 Kasberg, Karl Anderson 1875-81 Kildahl, Johan Nathan 1874-79 Kilness, Julius Bennett 1895-00 Kilness, Peter Johnson 1894-99 Kittilsby, Peter Andreas 188,?-88 Kjorlaug, Peter Fredrik 1902-08 Kjaer, Ludvig Peder 1909-13 Klevjord, Ole O 1884-85 Koefod, Magnus Martinus 1870-72 Koren, B0icke Johin Rulfs 1874-79 Koren, Paul 1876-82 Korsrud, Albert Clarence 1902-08 Kraabel, Alf Mekinley 1911-17 Krostu, Gunsten Gunstenson 1878-80 Kvaase, Daniel 1882-85 Kvale, Ole J 1883-90 Kvam, Isaac Jakobsen 1886-90 Kvamme, Kristen 1888-94 Lane, George Ole 1891-94 Langeland, Magne 1869-75 Langemo. Halvor T 1878-83 Langemo, John Thorbj0rn P 1879-83 Larsen, Anders 1874-75 Larsen, Bernt Julius 1884-86 Larsen, Christian M 1879-83 Larsen, Gustav Adolf 1874-80 Larsen, Lauritz 1893-02 Larsen, Nikolai Astrup 1888-96 Larsen, Reier 1865-68 1869-72 Larsen. Thorval H 1880-84 Larson, Victor Ferdinand 1907-11 Larson, Wilhelm August •. . 1895-99 Lee, Atle Johnsen 1872-78 Lee, Clarence Louis 1911-17 Lee, Gustav Torgerson : 1881-88 Lee, Olav E 1878-83 Lee, Ole Halvorson 1871-72 Lee, Ole Torgerson 1879-84 Leque, Nils M 1912-16 Lerud, Theodore 1905-10 Levorson, John 1881-88 Lien, .A.bel Edvard 1879-85 Lillegard(Lillegaard), George Oliver 1903-08 Linnevold, Johan 1883-90 Litsheim, Johannes Olsen 1884-85 Livdahl, Albert N 1907-11 Loftness, George 1911-14 Lono (Lone), Mikkel 1909-17 Losen, Carl 1908-16 Lund, Laurits Peder 1899-04 LundeAmundGudbrandsenl889-94 1896-97 Lunde, Gudbrand Amundsen 1863-69 Lunde, Johannes Hanson 1882-89 Lundeberg, Knut Olavsson 1881 Lynne, Justus A 1903-07 Ldkensgaard, Ole Olsen 1872-78 Maakestad, John Johnsen 1872-75 Maakestad, John Walter Bernard. 1912-15 Madsen, J0rgen Elesius. . .1873-75 1878-80 Madson, Norman Arthur 1906-11 Magelssen, Finn 1905-09 Magelssen, Hans 1877-83 Magelssen, Hans Gynther 1887-94 Magelssen, Nils Stockfleth 1897-03 Mandt, Olaf 1868-73 Markhus, Lars Johnson 1862-66 Meland, Rasmus Johnsen 1886-92 NS 7-28-66 CS NS 9- 1-01 I,S NS 8-21-98 LS NS 9- 2-69 CS NS 8- 4-78 CS NS 9- 6-83 LS NS 10-14-88 LS NS 7- 3-10 LS NS 7- 9-05 LS NS 8-10-82 LS NS 6-19-03 LS NS 5-27-02 LS NS 8-21-91 LS NS 7-16-11 I,S NS 8-13-16 T-S NS 8-28-87 LS NS 9-29-74 CS NS 7- 9-82 CS NS 3- 7-86 CS NS 8-10-13 LS NL 7-18-20 T,T NS 8-16-85 CU NS 4-30-88 LS NS 8- 8-94 LS NS 7-23-93 T-S NS 7-16-99 LS NS 7-31-98 LS NS 10- 3-78 CS NS 8-24-87 LS Anti 86 CU NS 8- 4-78 LS NS 7- 8-88 LS NS 1- 4-87 CU NS 9- 6-83 LS NS 6-16-07 LS NS 7-29-00 LS NS 7- 8-75 CS Anti 9-29-87 CU NS 8- 2-14 LS NS 8-17-02 LS NS 7-20-81 LS NL 7- 4-20 LT NS 8-21-91 LS Anti 9-19-86 CU NS 7-28-78 LS NS 5-22-87 T,S NL 6-15-19 LT NS 7-27-13 LS NS 7-30-91 LS NS 7- 8-88 LS NS 6-16-12 LS NS 8-24-93 LS Anti 7-27-88 NS NS 7-30-16 LS NL 6- 9-18 LS NL 5-30-20 LT NL 6-15-19 LT NS 6-13-09 LS NS 6-26-00 LS NS 3-21-72 CS NS 4-24-92 LS Anti -89 NS NS 7-17-10 LS NS 7-21-81 LS NS 9-17-82 LS NL 6-10-17 LS UC 2- 3-95 UC NS 11-14-15 LS NS 7- 7-12 LS NS 7- 5-87 EL NS 7-14-97 LS NS 3-24-07 LS NS 12- 8-78 CS NS 9- 2-69 CS NS 12-15-96 LS 440 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- uates uates Name Years at Date of Semi- Luther SynodOrdination nary College 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 205 '206' 207 208 209 212 213 214 215 217 218 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 112 113 115 116 117 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 228 349 350 229 351 230 352 353 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 '227' 122 123 354 231 355 356 232 357 233 358 359 234 360 235 361 236 362 237 363 364 238 365 366 367 368 369 239 370 240 371 372 241 373 242 374 243 375 244 126 '127' 128 129 130 131 Mellang, Peder Knudsen. . 1879-82 1885-87 . Mellby, Carl August 1883-88 Minne, Nils Monson 1875-79 .Mithun, Odd Johan 1911-15 Moe, Ebbe 1893-96 Moe, Lewis L 1901-04 . Moe, Sigurd Melvin 1913-17 Moen, Carl Johanneson 1873-77 . Moen, Paul W 1893-94 1895-99 .Mohn, Thorbj0rn Nelson 1865-70 . Moldstad, Christian A 1899-04 . Moldstad, Johannes (John) An- derson 1888-94 Monson, Ingvard Gr0the 1869-75 Mortensen, Peder 1880-83 Mortensen, Vilhelm A. M 1879-81 . Mortenson, Emil E 1902-06 Myhre, Olaf C 1884-87 . M0ller, Frederik Andreas 1864-70 M0ller, Gustav Emil 1906-08 M0rstad, Erik Olsen 1879-80 Narum, Hartvig Karensiusl908-10 1911-17 . Nelson, Alfred Thomas 1898-03 Nervig, Anders Johansen 1890-93 . Ness, Johannes Martinus Olsen. . . 1874-80 , Nesset, Alfred Olevius 1906-13 Nesseth, Guttorm Pedersonl882-87 1889-90 Neste, Theodor Pederson. .'. 1895-02 Nielsen, Edias 1883-84 . Nilsson, Thomas 1885-89 Nordby, Herman Preus 1911-14 . Nordby, J0rgen 1867-73 . Nordgaard, Johannes Simon 1873-76 1877-80 . Nordgaard, Nils N 1884-91 .Norgaard, Carl Henry 1897-03 . Normann, Halvor Martin 1896-00 . Normann, Olaus A(ugustus) 1861-66 Normann, Stefanus Theodor 1891-97 . Naeseth, Carelius- Gunnarson 1896-03 . Naeseth, Christen Andreas T 1869-74 .Na;seth, Ulrik William Koren 1902-08 N0dshilder, Hans A 1882-86 . Olafson, Kristinn K 1896-00 Olsen, Bertel Johan 1896-97 . Olsen, Ellef 1862-66 Olsen, Engel Olai 1888-92 Olsen, Harry Emil 1899-03 Olsen, Holden Mathias 1890-96 Omiand, Gunulf(Gunnuf) Johnson 1874-75 Omlid, Guthorm (Guttorm) Hal- vorsen 1872-75 . Opsahl, Theodor G 1877-84 Ordahl, Mathias B0rresen 1903-05 . Ordal, Ola Johannesen 1893-98 . Ordal, Zakarias Johannesen 1893-98 Orting, Einar Albert Nielsen Bryn 1908-09 . Orwoll, Sylvester Martinus 1889-95 . Otte, Heinrich 1890-93 .Ottersen, Ole 1882-89 .Ottesen, Otto Christian 1874-80 Overn, Anton Gustav Helgeson. . . 1873-76 . Ovri, EUend Johnson. 1880-86 Palm, Stilluf Tobias 1883-85 Palmer, Knut R 1899-03 Pedersen. Nils 1874-75 Pederson, Christofer 1874-78 . Petersen, Justin Axel 1909-13 . Petersen, Wilhelm Magnus Her- man 1869-75 Peterson, Henry John 1909-14 . Peterson, Samuel 1892-93 1894-97 .Peterson, Sophus Christian Nelson 1880-86 . Preus, Christian Keyser. . . 1865-66 1868-73 .Preus, Herman Amberg, Jr 1904-10 NS 7-20-90 LS uc 8- 3-92 AS NS 3-13-84 CU NL 6- 9-18 LT Nor. Chr. NS 6-23-07 LS NL 7- 4-20 LT NS 11- 1-81 LS NS 7- 6-02 LS NS 5-20-73 CS NS 6-21-08 LS NS 7-15-06 CS NS 11-24-87 LS NS 7-17-87 2-26-82 LS NS 7-18-09 LS UC 6-18-95 UC NS 6-22-73 CS NS 8-16-12 LS Ell. -89 CT NL 6-19-21 LT NS 7-22-06 LS NS- 8- 7-98 LS NS 9- 6-83 LS NS 8-27-16 LS NS 8-19-94 LS NS 8-13-05 LS UC 6-22-91 AS NS 7-15-92 LS NL 6-10-17 LS NS 7-16-76 CS UC -95 UC NS 8- 8-94 LS NS 6-10-06 LS NS 6-19-03 LS NS 9- 2-69 CS NS 6-26-00 LS NS 7-29-06 LS NS 8-31-78 CS NS 7-14-12 LS NS 7- 8-88 LS IS -05 CT NS 6-26-00 LS NS 9- 2-69 CS NS 8- 4-95 LS NS 7-29-06 LS NS 8- 5-06 CS Con. -77 AS NS 7-28-78 LS NS 8-21-91 LS NS 7-19-08 LS NS 8-21-01 LS NS 5-27-02 LS NS 6-16-12 LS NS 8-14-98 LS NS 7-23-96 LS NS 7-17-92 LS NS 2- 3-84 CS NS 7-13-79 LS NS 7-26-89 LS NS 6-19-03 LS NS 12-18-10 LS NS 8-12-77 LS NS 6-13-80 LS NS 8-13-16 LS NS 8-31-78 CS NL 6-10-17 LS NS 6-19-03 LS NS 10-25-89 LS NS 7-16-76 CS NS 8-17-13 LS GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 441 No. Years Total No. Under- at Date of Semi- No. Grad- grad- Name Luther SynodOrdination nary uates uates College 376 245 Preus, (Ove) Jacob Hjort 1913-17 NL 6- 6-20 LT 377 246 Preus, Johan Carl Keyser 1897-02 NS 6-26-05 LS 378 247 Preus, Johan Wilhelm 1877-82 NS 8-28-87 CS 379 248 Preus, Ove Jacob Hjort 1895-01 NS 3-26-05 LS 380 132 Quammen, Albert Gustavus 1889-96 NS 7-22-00 LS 381 133 Quammen, Nils Aslakson 1862-63 NS 7-28-66 CS 382 249 Quill, Carl Johan 1899-04 NS 6-16-07 LS 383 250 Quill, Martin Bertinius 1907-11 NS 8-20-14 LS 384 251 Rahn, Grant Ormy Gustus 1909-13 NS -16 LS 385 134 Rasmussen, Gerhard 1869-71 1872-76 NS 9-16-83 CU 386 135 Rasmussen, Wilhelm Augustin 1877-82 UC 12-11-90 NS 387 136 Reishus, Torjus Sondreson 1866-71 NS 9-6-85 LS 388 137 Reitan, Bernt Johnsen 1884-85 HS 6-14-88 RW 389 252 Reque, Lauritz Styrkard Justin. . . 1890-94 NS 9-19-97 LS 390 138 Reque, Peder Sjursen 1865-67 NS 9-2-69 CS 391 253 Reque, Sigvard Theodor 1888-92 NS 8-15-95 LS 392 254 Rikansrud, Olaus Thorleifson 1881-88 NS 5-10-96 LS 393 139 Ringstad, Johannes Johannesen.. . 1878-82 NS 10-15-85 -LS 394 255 Ring0en, Theodor Ribe 1892-98 NS 7-28-01 LS 395 140 Risty, Edward 1907-08 NS 6-11-11 LS -396 256 Roalkvam. Halvard Gabrielsen ... 1871-74 Anti 2-18-86 CS - 397 257 Rogne, Erik Thorstensen 1876-82 NS 10-25-85 CU 398 141 Rognlie, Parelius Henriksen 1883 NS 7-22-91 LS 399 258 Rognlien, Joseph Bernhard 1906-10 NS 7-13-13 LS 400 259 Rohne, John Magnus 1911-12 1913-17 NL 6-20-20 LT 401 142 Rolfsen, Ole 1905-06 1908-09 NS 7-9-12 LS 402 260 Romness, Henry R 1911-15 NL 8-25-18 LT 403 261 Rondestvedt, Anved Pedersen 1871-77 NS 10-8-82 Chr. 404 262 Rosenqvist, Rolf 1911-16 NL 7-13-19 LT 405 263 Rosholdt, Jacob Wilhelm 1903-07 NS 8-6-11 LS 406 264 Rosholdt, Thore Laurentius 1895-99 NS 6-13-02 LS 407 265 Rosholdt, Tollef 1863-68 NS 8-25-72 CS 408 266 Rotto, Theodore Imar 1911-17 NL 7-31-21 LT 409 267 Rue, Halvor Syverson 1885-92 NS 7-24-95 LS 410 143 Rugland, Jacob Gulbrandsen 1894-95 NS 7-20-98 LS 411 268 Ruste, Erik Olsen 1870-76 NS 8-31-79 CS 412 269 Rygg, Oluf Sverre 1876-82 NS 10-27-85 CS 413 270 Rygh, George Alfred Taylor 1876-81 NS 9-11-84 CU 414 144 Rystad, Andreas Rask Andreassen 1871-73 NS 7-16-76 CS 415 145 Rystad, John Knudsen 1865-67, 1870-71 1874-75 NS 9-15-78 LS 416 146 .R0ds8eter, Theodor Adolph 1885-91 NS 10-1-96 LS 417 271 Sagen, Andreas Kittelsen 1869-74 NS 8-17-79 CS 418 272 Salvesen, Emil 1905-09 NS 7- 7-12 LS 419 273 Sandager, Christian N 1904-10 NS 7-19-14 LS 420 274 Sandberg, Ivar 1904-11 NS 6-7-14 LS 421 147 Sando, Ole Olsen 1866-67 1869-70 NS 9-21-73 CS 422 275 Sauer, Carl Ignatius 1891-93 1896-01 NS 7-17-04 LS 423 276 Sauer, Herman Olai 1895-97, 1898-99 1900-03 NS 7-29-06 LS 424 148 Scheie, Tver Olsen 1871-74 NS 8-16-81 LS 425 149 Schesvold, Thore Pedersen 1873-74 NS 10-15-76 CP 426 277 Seehuus, Knut 1875-81 NS 9-25-84 CS 427 150 Seim, Viking Larsen 1869-73 NS 5-28-76 CP 428 151 Seltveit, Carl Gundersen 1881-82 NS 9-30-85 LS 429 278 Sherven, Lars Olsen 1862-68 NS 9-14-71 CS 430 152 Skagen, Johan Angel M0rk 1904-06 NS 6-6-09 LS 431 279 Skartvedt, Peder 1873-79 Anti 7-25-86 LS 432 153 Skavlan (Schavlan), Ole Einarsen. 1905-06 NS 6-13-09 LS 433 154 Skov, Villads Bundesen 1882-86 NS 4-2-89 LS 434 155 Skugstad, Jens 1870- Anti 3-14-88 NS 435 280 Skyberg, Hans Olsen 1872-79 NS 10-1-82 LS 436 281 Skyberg, Kristian Olsen... 1874-75 1876-80 NS 9-2-83 LS 437 282 Smeby, Hartwick Carinius 1898-02 NS 7-8-06 LS 438 283 Smeby, Olaf Vilhelm 1903-07 NS 7- 2-11 LS 439 284 Smeby, Oluf Hansen 1865-71 NS 7-14-74 CS 440 156 Solseth, Ole Eriksen 1866-69 NS 5-3-72 CS 441 157 Solstad, Hans Pedersen 1869-72 NS 7-16-76 CP 442 285 .^Solum, Henry Ellingson 1883-90 NS 8-24-93 LS 443 286 Sperati, Carlo Alberto 1884-88 NS 8-21-91 LS 444 287 Stensrud, Edward Martinus 1886-93 NS 2-17-97 LS 445 288 Storaasli, Gynther ; 1908-1 1 NS 7- 5-14 LS 446 289 Storli(e), Knut Olson 1872-79 NS 8-10-82 LS 447 290 Stormo, Carl Alfred 1914-18 NL 6-19-21 LT 448 291 Strand, Henrik Johannesen 1869-76 NS 5-25-79 CS 442 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS No. Years Total No. Under- at Date of Semi- No. Grad- grad- Name Luther SynodOrdination nary uates uates College 449 292 Strand, Johan Johannesen 1882-89 450 158 Strand, Thor Johannesen 1894-95 451 159 Strandjord, Selmer J. Haagensen.. 1913-14 452 160 Strandskov, Hans C 1874-76 453 293 Struxness, Edwart 1901-03 1904-06 454 294 Str0m, Axel Elias 1896-00 455 295 Strdm, Eimar Ingvald 1886-91 456 296 Str0m, Oscar Adolph 1892-97 457 297 Str0mme, Peer Olsen 1869-76 458 298 Stub, Hans Andreas, Jr 1895-00 459 299 Stub, Hans Gerhard 1865-66 460 300 Stub, Jacob Aall Ottesen. .1890-91 1893-98 461 301 Stub, Olaf Tidemand Arentz 1874-80 462 302 Sumstad, Martin Ovedius 1903-07 463 303 Sundby, Gustave Adolph Nelson.. 1896-00 464 161 Svennungsen, Stener 1864-66 465 162 Swalestuen, J0rgen Danielson. . . . 1884-86 466 163 Swensen, Daniel 1884-85 467 304 Swenson, Bernt Conrad. . . 1889-92 1894-98 468 305 Syfstestad, Olaus Paulsen 1873-79 469 306 Saettre, Torbj0rn Andreas 1874-80 470 164 Saevig, Ola Mortenson 1876-77 471 307 S0renson (Soranson), Andreas. . . . 1889-97 472 308 Tallakson, Selmer Lawrence 1902-06 473 165 Teigen, Martin 1891-95 474 309 Thoen, Jacob Ellingsen 1887-92 475 166 Thollehaug, Sivert Knudsen 1891-94 476 310 Thompson, Christian S 1893-97 477 167 Thompson, Oscar C 1912-14 478 168 Thompson, Severin Lewis. 1892-97 1903-05 479 311 Thorgrimsen, Hans Baag0e 1874-79 480 169 Thorkveen, Lars Paulsen 1883-85 481 312 Thorlaksson, Nils Steingrimr 1876-81 482 313 Thorpe, Christian Scriver 1899-03 483 314 Thorpe, Nordalil Brun 1910-14 484 315 Thorpe, Ove Boyesen Wangensten 1882-86 485 170 Thorsen, Markus 1871-72 486 171 Thorstensen, Knut 1862-63 487 316 Thorvilson, Thorvil K 1871-74 1875-78 488 317 Tingelstad, Joh(a)n Olsen 1880-85 489 318 Tingelstad, Oscar Adolf 1902-05 490 172 Tjernagel, Helge Matias 1888-94 491 319 Tolo, Gudvin Walther 1913-17 492 320 Tolo, Thore Olsen 1885-90 493 321 Topness, Sibert Miller 1911-15 494 173 Torgerson, Augustinus Jensenius 1886-88 1889-90 495 322 Torrison, Isaac Bertinus 1873-79 496 323 Tufte, Martin Cornelius 1884-91 497 324 Tufte, Olaf Brandt 1906-10 498 174 Turmo, Andreas Markus 1900-04 499 175 Turmo, Andreas Olsen 1869-72 500 325 Turmo, Olaf 1894-98 501 326 Turmo, Stener 1894-99 502 327 Tvedt, Niels Gulbrandsen 1865-72 503 328 Tweten, Jacob 1898-03 504 176 T0nnesen, Theodor J0rgen Emil. . 1881-84 505 177 Teinnesen, T0nnes Hermanl876-79 1880-81 506 178 Ulen, George Christian 1889-96 507 329 Ullensvang, Lars Larsen . . 1895-97 1899-03 508 330 Ulsaker, Sven Knutsen 1878-83 509 331 Ulvilden, George 1912-16 510 332 Ulvilden, Reinhardt 1907-13 511 333 Unseth, Joseph Bernhard 1891-97 512 179 Urnes, Johannes Ambj0rnsen 1881-82 1884-86 513 180 Ursin, Nikolai Berg 1902 514 334 Vaaler, Arnt Johannes 1903-07 515 335 Vaaler, Even A 1898-02 516 181 Vaaler, Johannes RolIefsenl867-68 1871-72 517 336 Vaaler, Knut Bernhard 1906-10 518 337 Vangsnes, Ole Pedersen 1869-75 519 338 Vereide, Ole M 1882-89 520 182 Vetlesen, Torjus 1864-67 521 339 Vik, Eivind Olson 1877-84 NS 8- 3-92 LS NS 9-14-98 LS NL 8-25-18 LT NS 3-21-09 LS NS 6-19-03 LS NS 8-18-95 LS NS 8-12-00 LS NS 8-31-79 CS NS 6-28-03 LS NS 9- 1-72 CS NS 8-18-01 LS NS 9-27-85 CS NS 6-14-10 LS NS 7-26-03 LS NS 9- 2-69 CS Anti 8-29-88 NS NS 7-26-89 LS NS 6-26-01 LS NS 10- 3-83 LS NS 10-25-85 cu NS 4- 4-80 LS NS 6-26-00 LS NS 4-18-09 LS NS 6-26-00 LS NS 9-22-95 LS NS 8- 1-97 LS uc 6-16-01 uc NL 6-10-17 LS NS 5-30-09 LS NS 7- 9-82 CS Anti 1-19-88 Aft. IS 8-21-87 Chr. NS 7-29-06 LS NL 6- 9-18 LT Anti -89 NS NS 7-14-74 CS NS 7-28-66 CS NS 7-24-81 CS NS 9-18-90 LS NS 7-14-07 LS NS 4- 6-02 LS NL 7-11-20 LT NS 4-30-93 LS NL 2-18-19 LT NS 7- 4-94 LS NS 10-25-85 CS NS 5- 5-95 LS NS 7-13-13 LS NS 6-27-12 LS NS 9-29-74 CS NS 8- 4-01 LS NS 5-25-02 LS NS 12-15-75 CS NS 8- 5-06 LS NS 6-20-86 LS NS 8-16-91 LS NS 5-27-02 LS NS 7- 8-06 LS Anti -86 CU NL 6- 1-19 LT NS 8- 6-16 LS NS 6-26-00 LS Anti -89 NS uc -13 CT NS 7-16-11 LS NS 8-27-05 LS NS 12-11-87 LS NS 6- 8-13 LS NS 8-31-78 CS NS 7-17-92 LS NS 7-10-70 CS NS 7-24-87 CS GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 443 No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- uates uates Name Years at Date of Semi- Luther SynodOrdination nary- College 522 340 523 524 341 525 342 526 343 527 344 528 345 529 346 530 531 532 533 534 347 535 536 537 348 538 349 539 350 540 351 541 352 542 353 543 354 544 355 545 356 546 357 547 358 548 359 549 360 550 361 551 362 552 553 554 555 556 184 185 186 187 188' 189 190 191 192 193 194 . Vinnor, Anders Thronsen 1863-69 Waage, Johannes 1875-76 Waage, Knud Olav 1911-18 .Waller, Martinus Christian 1888-93 .Wanberg, Richard Theodore 1908-14 .Wein, Hans Jensen 1893-98 . Welo, Jens Ingvaldsen 1865-71 .White, Anders Ovesen (Jensen). . . 1893-00 Widvey, Peter Anthon 1871-74 Wilhelmsen, Ole Ivar Moe 1871 Willett, George 1870-72 Wiprud, Thorgrim Thorgrimsen.. . 1884-89 . Wisnaes, John Carlot 1904-09 Wisnaes, Rasmus Johnson 1873-76 Woll. Oluf 1883-84 .Wrolstad. Jprgen Oliver 1899-06 .Wulfsberg, Einar, Jr 1893-00 . Wulfsberg, Jacob Aall Ottesen 1899-05 .Xavier, Johan Ulrik 1885-88 1889-93 .Xavier, Karl 1884-87 1888-92 . Ylvisaker, Carl Berthold 1913-17 . Ylvisaker, Ivar Daniel 1881-88 .Ylvisaker, Johan Fritjof 1912-16 .Ylvisaker, Johan Thorbj0rn 1870-77 .Ylvisaker, Johannes Thorbj0rnsen. 1871-74 .Ylvisaker, Nils Martin 1898-02 .Ylvisaker, Nils Walther 1905-09 .Ylvisaker, Olaf Sigvald 1895-99 .Ylvisaker, Schak Joakim Nicolaus 1888-95 .Ylvisaker, Sigurd Christian 1899-03 0degaard, Gunnar Gunderson. . . . 1895-98 0fstedal, Andreas Andersen 1874-78 0fstedal, Nils Andersen 1875-78 0ien, John P 1894-96 0xendahl, Tver Larsen 1883-85 NS 8-25-72 CS NS 9-15-78 LS NL 6-19-21 LT NS 6- 7-96 LS NL 7-27-19 LT NS 8-11-01 LS NS 7-14-74 CS NS 6-19-03 LS NS 10-26-84 LS NS 6-22-73 CS NS 7-31-92 LS NS 7-21-12 LS NS 8-31-79 LS NS 7-17-92 LS NS 7-23-11 LS NS 8-21-04 LS NS 8- 1-09 LS NS 7-28-01 LS NS 9- 1-95 LS NL 6-23-21 LT NS 8-21-91 LS NL 8-14-21 LT NS 3-31-81 CS NS 7-18-77 CS NS 7-22-06 LS NS 7-14-12 LS NS 7-22-06 LS NS 8-21-98 LS NS 9- 4-10 LS NS 5-27-02 LS NS ■ 4-27-81 LS NS 9- 6-83 LS NS 6-19-03 LS NS 3-19-93 LS 556 362 194 Number of Luther College graduates and undergradu- ates ordained in eacli year fcS from 1866 to 1922. r r -| IS rn 1.^ ^ 1_^ rn -] h p 10 r-] - - K_ -1 _r W. kj^l 9 i L - s? t g s s a § s scSs «(D 5 a 25 2J * LUTHER COLLEGE MEN IN THE MINISTRY Years Years at at Luther Seminary Semi- Grad- College nary uation 444 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS II. Graduates of Luther College Who Have Studied Theology^ But Have Never Been Ordained A number of the graduates of Luther College have studied theology for one or more years, but have either found themselves to be unqualified, or have not found themselves to be called to be ministers of the Gospel. By entering the seminary they have showed honesty and sincerity of purpose — and a high appreciation of the glory of service in the ministry. In the list, which follows, an asterisk after the name of the man indicates that he died while studying theology. The third column contains the year of graduation from Luther College, the fourth column the name of the seminary at which he studied, the fifth the years of attendance at the seminary, and the sixth denotes the men who have completed the course and are holders of the degree, Cand. Theol. UNORDAINED STUDENTS OF THEOLOGY Total No. Name 1 Bakke, Peter H 1883-88 Chicago, 111 1893 2 Brorby, Joseph 1893-99 Luther Seminary 1901-04 CT 3 Bygland, Olav S* 1890-96 Luther Sem 1897-98 4 Chommie (Kjome), Hans N. 1899-06 Luther Sem 1906-07 5 Dahlen, Theodore A 1899-03 Luther Sem 1904-06 6 Dale, Herman F 1904-13 Luther Sem 1914-15 7 Davick, Albert O. R 1901-05 Luther Sem 1905-07 8 Eikeland, Peder J 1874-75 1877-80 Luther Sem 1880-83 CT 9 Estenson, Emil 1907-11 Luther Sem 1911-13 10 Fries, Lyman A 1900-07 Luther Sem 1907-08 11 Gorder, Lester W 1908-15 Luther Sem 1915-16 12 Grundesen, Grunde H 1885-92 Luther Sem 1892-95 CT 13 GuUixson, Herman 1891-93 1894 1897-00 Luther Sem 1901-02 14 Halland, John G 1878-84 Concordia Sem 1884-87 CT 15 Hailstone, A.Augustus 1895-02 Luther Sem 1905-07 16 Hanson, James CM 1874-82 Concordia Sem 1882-84 17 Hilleboe. Hans S 1875-81 Chicago, 111 1895-96 Luther Sem 1897-98 18 Hoyme, Thrond* 1873-79 Luther Sem 1882-83 19 Hustvedt, P. Thomas 1899-06 Luther Sem 1906-07 20 Kaasa, Edward O 1885-92 Luther Sem 1892-93 21 Kirkeby, Guttorm* 1872-74 Christiania Univ 1883-84 1875-78 Luther Sem 1884-85 22 Koren, William 1877-82 Concordia Sem 1882-85 CT 23 Larsen, Lauritz 1873-79 Concordia Sem 1882-84 Chicago, 111 1884-85 CT 24 Larsen, Lauritz A 1879-86 Luther Sem 1887-89 CT 25 Larsen, Olaf* 1872-78 Luther Sem 1882-83 26 Livdahl, Carl 1891-92 1896-01 Luther Sem 1903 ' 27 Mellem, Edwin G 1883-90 Luther Sem 1890-93 CT 28 Mikkelsen, Michael A . . 1882-86 Concordia Sera 1886-87 Luther Sem 1887-89 CT 29 Mohn, Frederick Voss 1875-78 1880-81 Concordia Sem 1883-85 30 Opsahl, J. Eberhard 1909-16 Luther Theol. Sem 1917-18 31 Orwoll, Melvinus S 1899-06 Luther Sem 1906-07 32 Pederson, Alfred C 1900-04 Luther Sem 1908-09 33 Peterson, Leon C 1901-05 Luther Sem 1906-07 34 Preus, Herman A 1908-16 Luther Sem 1916-17 35 Preus, Jacob A. O 1897-03 Luther Sem 1903-04 GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 44,> Total No. Name Years Luther College Seminary Years at Semi- Grad- nary uation 36 Reque, Lars S 1862-63 Concordia Sem 1869-70 1864-69 37 Reque, Peter A 1883-91 Luther Sem 1892-93 38 Reque, Sigurd S 1897-03 Luther Sem 1905-06 39 Rodsater, George 1 1901-06 Luther Sem 1906-07 40 Rosholdt, Ingelbert E 1904-08 Luther Sem 1910-11 41 Ruen, Oliver 1901-02 1903-07 Luther Sem 1907-08 42 Saxvik, Henry 1899-05 Luther Sem 1905-06 43 - olheim, Ola 1875-81 Luther Sem : . 1883 Christiania Univ 1886-88 44 Steensland, Morton M 1884-90 Ev. L. Sem. at Philadelphia.. 1890-93 45 Savre, B. K 1890-96 Luther Sem 1896 46 Tande, Ole 1878-79 Luther Sem 1883-85 47 Thorsen, M. Hauman 1901-07 Luther Sem 1907-08 48 Winger, Johan Edward 1891-97 Luther Sem 1897-00 49 Ylvisaker, Lauritz S 1906-10 Luther Sem 1911-14 50 Ylvisaker, Olaf* 1881-88 Zumbrota, Minn. (.\t home). 1888-89 CT CT CT CT CT l9i Number cfL.C. graduates from each cbss wtiD hcwe been ordomed cr have taUShl in Wheran church schools ljpp€rline - Ordained ii:iinKiter.5 Lav*rltne-l_lnordained teachers NUMBER OF GRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK III. Present Students of Theology Total Grad- Under No. uates grads. Name Grad. Class L. C. at Sem. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 Eddaen, B. Syvers 1921 Junior . . . . 1 Erickson, Monroe Senior 2 Lunde, H. A. P 1918 Senior 3 Maakestad, N. G 1921 Junior 4 Megorden, T. H 1920 Junior 5 Nelson, A. E 1919 Senior . . . . 2 Nilson, M. Jul Junior 6 Oefstedal, R 1921 7 Rossing, T. H 1920 8 Scarvie, W. B 1920 9 Storvick, A. O 1921 10 ToUefsrud, M. B 1918 11 Tolo, A. J 1918 12 Topness, S. M 1915 Junior Middler Middler Junior Middler Middler Senior (Ordained) Seniors 4 Middlers 4 Juniors 6 14 446 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS 401 20 1 Lr ^ J] rH 11 Percentage by classes of L C srad- uales who are ordained ministers or teachers in Lutheran Church schools nJU \W u^ fl PERCENTAGE OF GRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK IV. Luther College Men in Lutheran Church Schools In the Luther College catalog for 1921-22 there appear in the occupational summary of the graduates the statements that 43.32% of the graduates are clergymen, students of theology, or foreign missionaries, and that 18.10% are engaged in teaching. These figures indicate the present occupations of the graduates, and the latter figure includes teachers at secular schools. Twice as many Luther College graduates are engaged in teaching as in any other one occupation, except the ministry. Next to preaching the Gos- pel, the business of teaching in Lutheran church schools is the most important church work that Luther College graduates and undergraduates can do. It may therefore be profitable to ascertain how many of them have engaged in this form of church work. The list which follows is an attempt to supply this information. As in the other lists the first column enumerates the men, the second the graduates, and the third the undergraduates. In the fourth column appear in alphabetical order the names of Luther GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 447 College men who have taught at Lutheran church schools, the ordained clergymen being indicated by an asterisk. ' Two asterisks after a name indicate that such person has served as president of Luther Seminary according to the order of rotation in use at that institution. In the fifth column are entered for each man the years of his attendance at Luther College. In the sixth column appear the names of the Lutheran church schools at which each person has taught, and in the seventh the years in which he taught at each school. For further reference another list is ap- pended to the one following below, enumerating in alphabetical order the Lutheran church schools, with addresses, at which Luther College men have taught. LUTHER COLLEGE MEN IN LUTHERAN CHURCH SCHOOLS No. Years Total No. Under- at Years No. Grad- grad- Name Luther Position Held uates uates College 1 1 Aaberg, Herman 1809-03 Grand Forks College . . 1903-04 2 1 Aaberg, Ole H.* 1869-74 Aaberg Academy, Founder and teacher 1888-03 3 2 Aaberg, Theodore* 1909-11 S. F. Luth. N. S 1914-15 4 2 Aaker, Hans 1877-81 Willmar Seminary 1883-88 Concordia College. . . 1891-02 Pres. Concordia Coll. 1893-02 5 3 Aaker, John T 1887-93 Bruflat Academy 1894-95 Park Region L. C 1895-04 Pres.Park Region L.C. 1897-04 6 3 Aase, Lars R 1879-81 Parochial School 1882, 1883 1884-93 7 4 Aasen, Christian 1898-02 Bruflat Academy 1903-04 8 5 Aga, Lars J 1872-75 Parochial School 1875-88 Pres. S. F. Luth.N.S. 1891-92 Teacher above 1912 ■ 9 4 Akre, Ole J.* 1886-93 Northwestern College. . 1911-12 10 5 Allen, Hans* 1876-83 President Lutheran Ladies' Seminary. .. . 1894-16 11 6 Andersen, J. N.* 1886-88 Parochial School 1887-88, 1889-91 1893-94 Willmar Seminary. . . 1906-17 12 6 Anderson, Christian* 1890-96 Park Region L. C 1898 13 7 Anderson, Isaac 1883-90 Park Region L. C 1892-96 Bode Academy 1 year 14 7 Anderson, Martin* 1898-99 Concordia College 1915-17 15 8 Apelset, Johannes A 1888-89 S. F. Luth. N. S 1890-91 16 8 Apland, Martin O 1897-03 Glenwood Academy.. . . 1905 17 9 Arneson, Arthur H 1913-20 Madison L. N. S 1921- 18 9 Askevold, Bernt* 1874-75 Parochial School 1875-80 19 10 Aubol, Carl C* 1877-83 Pres. Scand. Acad 1893-94 20 11 Backerud, M. B.* 1904-08 Bruflat Academy 1908-09 21 12 Bakke, Nils J.* 1871-77 Concordia Coll. Theol. Sem., N. C. . . 191 1-? 22 13 Bale, Christian E 1895-96 Grand Forks Coll 1906-08 1900-04 Park Region L. C 1914-17 Concordia Coll 1917- 23 10 Berg, O. H 1868-69 Parochial School 1869-06 24 11 Bergh, Knut E 1861,64 Luther College 1868-72 1869 25 14 Birkelo, Carl C 1906-10 Luther College 1912 26 12 Birkelo, Peder C* 1894-97 St. Olaf College 1920- 27 15 Bj0rgo, Knut K.* 1864-70 Luther Seminary.- 1881-82 28 13 Bogstad, Rasmus* 1883-88 Concordia College 1890-10 Pres. Concordia Coll. 1902-10 Pres. Columbia Coll. . 1913-18 Pres. Pacific Coll 1918-19 29 14 Borge, M. O* 1870-71 Mgr. Martin Luther Orphans' Home 1911-18 Years » at Years Luther Position Held College 448 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- Name uates uates 30 16 Borge, Olaf*. . 1896-03 Lawrence (Wash.) Christian School 1920- 31 17 Bothne, Gisle 1876-78 Parochial School 1880 Luther College 1881-07 32 18 Boyd, E. A.* 1894-98 Park Region L. C 1898-99 3i 19 Braafladt, L. H.* 1901-06 Shantung Chr. U 1908-21 34 20 Brandt. Olaf Elias** 1873-79 Luther Seminary 1897-17 Luther Th. Sem •. 1917- 35 21 Brandt, Walther 1 1911-15 Albion Academy 1915-16 S. F. Luth. N. S 1917-18 36 22 Bredesen, Adolf* 1865-70 Luther College 1876-78 Mgr. Martin Luther Orphans' Home . . . 1902-06 37 23 Brevig, S. B.* 1889-96 Pres. Clifton Luth. Col. 1901-02 38 24 Bronstad, Alvin L 1914-19 Clifton Luth. College. . 1920- 39 25 Brunsdale. C. Norman. , . . 1908-13 Bruflat Academy 1913-14 40 15 Bursvold, Nikolai O 1873-76 Parochial School 1876-06 41 26 Burtness, Peter 1894-00 Park Region L. C 1900-01 42 27 Christensen, Nehem* 1866-71 Luther College 1872 43 28 Christiansen, Conrad M. . . 1875-81 Willmar Seminary 1888-92 S. F. Luth. N. S 1892-18 Augustana Coll. N. S. 1918- 44 29 Clauson, N. Y 1898-01 Luth. Ladies' Sem 1903-20 45 30 Dahl, Gerhard H 1904-08 S. F. Luth. N. S 1909-18 46 16 Dahl, Herman H 1883-84 Parochial School 1885 47 17 Dahl, Peder H.* 1878-79 Parochial School 1867-77 48 31 Dahlen, Knut 1885-94 Park Region L. C 1897-98 49 32 Dahlen, Theodore A 1899-03 Park Region L. C 1904-05 51 34 Dorrum, Ingebret 1902-04 Park Region L. C 1905-17 Concordia College 1917- 50 33 Drotning, T. Melvin 1902-06 Park Region L. C 1906-07 Spokane College 1911-13 Pac. Luth. Academy. . . 191.3-16 52 35 Egge, Albert E 1873-79 Parochial School 1879-81 St. Olaf College 1881-82 1887-92 53 36 Eggen, Thore* 1873-79 Pres. Grand Forks Coll . 1893-94 54 37 Eikeland, Peder J 1874-75 Willmar Seminary 1884-87 1877-80 Wittenberg Nor. Sch. . . 1887-90 St. Ansgar Seminary. . . 1890-93 U. C. Sem. (Coll. Dpt.) 1893-00 St. Olaf College 1900-21 55 38 Elvehjem, Oswald M 1911-15 S. F. Luth. N. S 1915-17 56 39 Engh, Hagbart* 1872-78 Monona Academy 1879-80 57 40 Estrem, Andrew 1880-86 Luther College 1889-90 Wartburg College 1894-10 Luth. Ladies' Seminary 1910-17 58 41 Evanson, Chellis N 1911-18 Luther College 1919- 59 42 Evenson, Gustav A 1874-80 Luther College 1881-82 60 43 Felland, Alfred T 1901-05 President Grand Forks College 1905-06 Walther College 1912-16 Pres. Bruflat Academy. 1916-18 61 44 Felland, Ole G.* 1868-74 St. Olaf College 1881- 62 18 Fiskerbak, Olaf K 1875-78 Parochial School, except a few years 1878- 63 45 Fjeldstad, C. Alford 1901-05 Grand Forks College. . . 1906-07 Luther College 1911 64 46 Fjeldstad, Halvor O.* 1881-88 Pres. Madison Normal School 1907-08 65 47 Foss, Carl L.* 1908-12 Pac. Lutheran College.. 1921- 66 48 Fossum, Andrew 1876-82 St. Olaf College 1892-05 1906-10 Park Region L. C 1910-17 Concordia College 1918- 67 19 Fossum, Anthon A 1871-74 Parochial School 1875, 83 68 49 Fritz, Chas. A.* 1904-05 Luther Academy 1920- 1907-11 Pres. Luther Academy . 1921- 69 50 Fuglie, A. Edwin 1897-01 Park Region L. C 1903-04 70 51 F0rde, Gerhard O.* 1903-07 Glenwood Academy.. . . 1907-09 71 20 Giere, Eric 1885-87 S. F. Luth. N. S 1892-93 Luther Hosp. Tr. Schl. for Nurses 1914-21 72 52 Gimmestad, Lars M.* 1884-91 Pres. Gale College 1901-18 73 53 Gjevre, Anders H.* 1872-78 U. C. Seminary 1897-98 Years at Years Luther Position Held College GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 449 No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- Name uates uates 74 54 Glaszie, Oluf* 1876-81 Augustana College 1891-94 1882-83 U. C. Seminary 1895-00 St. Olaf College 1900-02 75 21 Glas0e, Paul M -... 1890-91 St. Olaf College 1901-07 1910-16 1918- Pres. Spokane College.. 1907-10 Pres. Augustana Coll... 1916-18 Act. Pres. St. Olaf Coll. 1911-12 76 55 Gotaas, Paul B.* 1866-73 "Skoledirekt0r", Trondhjem, Norway. 1883-92 77 56 Grangaard, Henry 1895-02 Brufiat Academy 1903-04 78 57 Granrud, Johan E 1881-86 Luther Academy 1888-89 Pres. Bode Academy. . . 1889-90 St. Olaf College 1892-94 Luther College 1894-97 79 58 Grefthen, Emil A.* 1910-14 Parochial School, Albion Academy. . . . 1917-18 80 59 Grimley, P. Oliver B 1907-11 Parochial School 1912-16 Outlook College 1916- Act. Pres. Outlook Coll. 1918-21 81 60 Grose, Ingebrikt F 1879-85 St. Olaf College 1886-93 Pres. St. Olaf College. . 1891-93 St. Olaf College 1900- Concordia College 1893-96 82 61 Grundesen, Grunde 1885-92 Parochial School 1892- 83 62 Gr0nsberg, Ole N.* 1871-77 Pres. Pac. Luth. Acad.. 1895-97 84 22 Guldbrandsen, G. H 1899-00 Nor. Luth. Deaconess Hosp., Chicago, 111... 1906-07 ■85 23 Gullefud, S. Olaf M.* 1892-93 Parochial School 1902-03 86 63 Gullixon, Geo. A.* 1882-90 Pres. Bode Luth. Acad. 1887-88 87 64 Gullixson, Herman 1891-93, 1894, Luther Academy 1902-03 1897-00 88 65 Haavik, Olai L.* 1905-12 Spokane College 1915-16 89 66 Hagen, Sivert N 1893-96 Pennsylvania College . . 1916- 90 67 Hagestad, Knut M 1891-97 Pres. Brufiat Acad 1899-04 Pres. Park Reeion L. C 1904-06 Grand Forks College. . . 1906-09 91 68 Halland, John G 1878-84 Luther College 1887-89 Pres. Bruflat Academy. 1890-92 92 69 Hallanger, C. M.* 1892-97 Brufiat Academy 1898-99 93 70 Halvorson, E. N.* 1910-14 Albion Academy 1914-15 94 71 Halvorson, Helmer* 1900-04 Brufiat Academy 1904-05 95 72 Halvorson, Joh.* 1874-80 Luther Seminary 1890-94 96 73 Hansen, Carl M 1908-12 Park Region L. C 1915-16 97 74 Hanson, Haldor J 1877-83 Luther College 1882-83 Willmar Seminary 1885-87 Luther College 1888-04 98 75 Hanson, James CM 1876-82 Parochial Sch., Chicago 1884-88 99 76 Hanson, Nils B 1891-95 Clifton Luth. College. . 1899-00 1896-99 Bruflat Academy 1903-04 100 24 Hanson, T. O 1875-78 Parochial School In 80's 101 77 Harstad, Bjug* 1865-71 Gran Boarding School 1879-84 Pac. Luth. Academy 1894-02 Luther Seminary 1889-90 1910-11 102 78 Harstad, Oliver B 1910-14 Luther Academy 1915-20 103 79 Harstad, S. George 1905-08 Albion Academy 1911-12 Pres. Bruflat Academy . 1912-13 Willmar Seminary 1913-19 104 80 Haugen, Christopher E.. . . 1884-91 Park Region L. C 1893-95 Luther Academy 1896 105 81 Hegg, Robert 1893-94 Clifton Luth. College . . 1898-99 1895-98 106 25 Hegland, Martin N 1903-06 Parochial School 1906-07 Wild Rice Orphans' Home 1908-10 107 82 Heimdahl, Olaf E.* 1890-95 Pac. Luth. Academy. . . 1908-10 108 83 Herseth, Adolph A 1906-10 Clifton Luth. "College . . 1914-18 Luther Academy 1918-19 109 26 Hesla, Albert 1888-90 Aaberg Academy 1895-97 110 84 Hilleboe, Hans S 1875-81 Willmar Seminary 1887-99 Pres. Willmar Seminary 1904-07 Luther College 1912-17 450 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- uates uates Years Name at Years Luther Position Held College 111 27 Hjort. Jacob L... 112 85 Hoff, Thoralf A.*. 113 86 Holkesvik, Julian A . 114 28 Holseth, Mikkel C*. 115 87 Holum, James O.*. . . 116 29 Homme, Even J.*. . . 1878-80 1900-04 1901-07 1869-71 1904-08 1862-64 1892-93, 1894-95 119 30 Hovde, Brynjolf* 1861-62 120 31 Hovde, Kolbein S. J.* 1885-90 1891-93 121 90 Hovde, Brynjolf J 1908-10 1912-16 122 91 Hove, Andreas M 1874-81 Number of L.C.Sroduates ond uiidor- Sroctotes teaching In Lulheran . Church schoob y 117 88 Homme, Thorleif O.^ 118 89 Hong, Nils J Pres. S. F. Luth. N. S. 1917-18 Augustana College and N. S 1918- Pres. Aug. Coll. and N. S 1918-21 St. Olaf College 1900-01 Luth. Ladies' Sem. . . . . 1900-04 Park Region L. C 1904-06 Luth. Ladies' Sem 1916-17 President Luth. Ladies* Seminary 1919-20 Grand Forks College.. . 1907-08 Wittenberg Academy . . 1892-93 Albion Academy 1908-11 Pres. Wittenberg Acad. 1882-92 Pres. Wittenberg N. S. 1887-90 Mgr. Homme Orph. H. 1882-03 Luther College 1881-82 Monona Academy 1878-81 Parochial School 1885-88 Willmar Seminary 1893-94 1895-97 Pres. Willmar Seminary 1896-97 Pac. Luth. Academy. . . 1897-18 Pres. Pac. Luth. Acad. 1899-18 Pres. Wittenberg Ind. Mission 1893-02 .Parochial School 1902-03 Luther College 1916-17, 1919- Willmar Seminary 1884-86 Pres. Willmar Sem 1885-86 LENGTH OF SERVICE IN LUTHERAN CHURCH SCHOOLS In the above graph a length of service of "5 yrs. or more" means "5 yrs. and less tlian 10." The same applies to the higher figures. Years at Years Luther Position Held College GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 451 No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- Name uates uates Augsburg Seminary. . . . 1887-01 123 92 Hove, filling** 1878-84 Luther College 1891-93 Luther Seminary 1901-17 Luther Th. Seminary. . 1917- 124 93 Hustvedt, Halvor B.* 1867-73 Luther College 1887 Pres. S. F. Luth. N. S. . 1893-96 125 32 Iverslie, P. P 1862-64 Parochial School Sev. yrs. 126 94 Jacobsen, J. D.* 1864-65 Luther College 1872-81 Jacobsen, Karl T 1895-02 Luther College 1904-05, 127 33 1920- 128 95 Jacobson, Axel 1881, Wittenberg Ind. Miss. . 1888- 1883-85 Pres. Wittenberg Ind. 129 34 Mission. Jacobson, Daniel G.* 1394-95, Park Region L. C 1902-03, 1897-01 1913- 130 96 Jacobson, Irenus C 1912-16 Gale College 1916-17 131 97 Jahren, J. H.* 1879-84 Mgr. Lake Pk Orph. H. 1907-21 132 35 Jensen, L. P.* 1875-78, Parochial School 1878-80 1880-82 133 98 Johnshoy, M. C* 1905-06,Glenwood Academy 1910-11 1907-09 Pres. Bruflat Academy. 1911-12 Park Region L. C 1913-14. 1916-17 Luther Th. Seminary. . 1920- 134 99 Johnson, Joseph* 1902-06 Glenwood Academy.. . . 1906-07 135 100 Kaasa, Edward O 1885-92 Luther Academy 1894-98 Luth. Ladies' Sem 1898-16 136 101 Kaasa, Lawrence J 1898-03 Grand Forks College. . . 1904-05 Gale College 1905-06 137 102 Kalheim, Ole M 1879-84 St. Olaf College 1885-87 138 103 Kasberg, K. A.* 1875-81 Albion Academy 1884-88 Pres. Stoughton Acad . . 1888-00 Pres. Grand Forks Coll. 1900-03 139 104 Kildahl, John N.* 1874-79 Pres. Red Wing Sem. . . 1885-86 Pres. St. Olaf College. . 1899-14 United Ch. Seminary. . 1914-17 Luther Th. Seminary. . 1917-20 140 105 Kilness, Julius B.* 1895-00 Clifton Luth. College . . 1903-05 141 106 Kirkeby, Guttorm T 1872-74, St. Olaf College 1881 1875-78 142 107 Kittilsby, Peter A.* 1883-88 Luth. Ladies' Sem 1894-96 143 108 Kjorlaug, Peter F.* 1902-08 North Star Academy.. . 4 mos. 144 36 Kopang, Johan P 1877-79 Parochial School 1880-82, 1884, 1886-93, 1894-19 Willmar Seminary 1893-94 145 109 Kopperdal, Hans J 1873-76,St. Olaf College 1883-84 1877-81 146 110 Koren, William 1877-82 Luther College 1889-92 1895 147 ni Kvale, Ole J.* 1883-90 Bruflat Academy 1893-94 148 112 Kvamme, Kristen* 1888-94 Luther College 1896-98 149 37 Landing, Lars M 1884 Willmar Seminary 1887-93 Glenwood Academy.. . . 1895-97 150 113 Langemo, Halvor* 1878-83 Parochial School 1889- 151 114 Larsen, C. M.* 1879-83 St. Ansgar Seminary.. . 1897 152 115 Larsen, Gustav A.* 1874-80 St. Olaf College 1903-06 153 38 Larsen, Gustav A. C 1909-14 Parochial School 1914 Waldorf College 1916-18 Jewell College 1919- 154 116 Larsen, Jakob A. 1901-08 Park Region L. C 1914-17 Concordia College 1917-18 1919-20 155 117 Larsen, Lauritz A 1879-86 Luther Academy 1889-91 S. F. Luth. N. S 1891-93 156 118 Larsen, Myron W 1916-19 Luther College 1920-21 157 119 Larson, Elmer R 1916-20 Clifton Luth. College. . 1920- 158 39 Larson, Ludvig 1893-94 Pacific Luth. Acad 1917? 1897-99 Pacific Luth. College.. . 1921- 159 120 Lee, G. T.* 1881-88 Glenwood Academy 1898-12 Park Region L. C 1914-17 160 121 Lee, Olav* 1878-83 Augustana College 1890-94 St. Olaf College 1894- 161 122 Lerud, Theodore* 1905-10 Clifton Luth. College. . li yrs. 162 123 Lien, Abel E.* 1879-85 Bruflat Academy 1903-18 163 40 Lien, Carl A. N 1874-75 Red Wing Seminary ... 1910-14 Years at Years Luther Position Held College 452 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- Name uates nates 164 124 Lien, Jacob A. O 1912-17 Bethany College 1921 165 41 Lillegaard, Lars O 1874-77 Parochial School 1877-02 Bode Academy 1889-02 166 125 Linde, Henry J 1897-01 Park Region L. C 1901-03 167 126 Linneyold, Johan* 1883-90 Albion Academy 1901 168 127 Lokensgaard, H. 1911-15 Madison Luth. N. S. . . 1915-19 169 42 Ludvigson, N.-H 1889-94 Parochial School 1893-99 170 43 Lundeberg, K. O.* 1881 Pres. Wahpeton Luth. Bible School 1903-08 171 128 Lyngaas, L M 1890-97 Glenwood Academy.. . . 1899-02 Lutheran Ladies' Sem. . 1904-06, 1907-19 Luther College. 1906-07 172 44 Lynne, Lars 1869-72 Parochial School 1872-75 St. Olaf College 1877-80 173 45 L0kensgaard, K. 1879-81 Wittenberg Nor. Sch. . . 1887-90 St. Ansgar Seminary. . . 1890-93 Madison Luth. N. S. . . 1893-19 Pres. Madison Luth. N. S 1907-19 174 129 L0kensgaard, Ole O.* 1872-78 Pres. Madison Luth. N. S 1892-06 175 46 Maakestad, J. J.* 1872-75 Parochial School 1875-77 176 47 Madsen, J0rgen E.* 1878-80 1883-84 Parochial School 1884-87 177 130 Madson, Norman A.* 1906-11 Luther College 1911-12, 1916-18 178 131 Malmin, Olaf G 1916-21 Luther Academy 1921- 179 132 Markhus, George 1880-85 Luther College 1892-06 180 133 Mellby, Carl A.* 1883-88 U. C. Seminary 1896-97 St. Olaf College 1901- 181 134 Mellem, Edwin G 1883-90 Pres. Park Region L. C. 1893-98 St. Ansgar Seminary. . . 1903-07 Pres. Glenwood Acad. . 1907-09 182 48 Mikkelson, M. M 1877-79 Parochial School 1880-90 Luther College 1913-17 Augustana C. & N. S.. . 1918-20 183 135 Moe, Leonard A 1906-12 Gale College 1912-16 Luther College 1920- 184 49 Moen, Carl J.* 1873-77 Parochial School 1894-03 185 136 Mohn, Th. N.* 1865-70 Pres. St. Olaf's School. 1874-86 Pres. St. Olaf College. 1886-99 186 137 Moldstad, Joh. A.* 1888-94 Luther Academy 1896-97 Clifton Luth. College. . 1897-99 187 138 Monson, Herman W 1910-14 Concordia College 1915-17 188 50 M0rstad, Erik O.* 1879-81 Wittenberg and Carter Indian Missions 1890-20 189 139 Narum, Hartvig K.* 1908-17 Luther Academy 1919-20 190 51 Narvesen, Cornelius 1865-67 Parochial School 1870-73 Luther College 1873-84 191 52 Nasset (Naeset), A. 1880-81 St. Olaf College 1883-85 192 140 Natvig, Alvin J 1911-18 Luther College 1919-20 Park Region L. C 1921- 193 141 Nelson, David T 1909-12 Luther College 1921- 194 142 Nelson, Martin J 1912-16 Parochial School 1916- At intervals). 195 143 Nelson, Olaf 1914-18 Luther College 1918-19 196 144 Ness, Jens A 1878-84 St. Olaf College 1888-91 Luther College 1893-94 Wittenberg College. . . . 1904- 197 145 Ness, Johannes M. O.* 1874-80 Concordia College 1910-12 198 53 Nielsen, Edias* ; . . 1883-84 Parochial School 1881-83, 1884-88 199 146 Nordgaard, J. S.* 1873-76 St. Olaf College 1889-94 1877-80 Augustana College 1897-18 Augustana College and N. S 1918- 200 147 Nordlie, H. C 1900-06 Gale College 1906-07 Park Region L. C 1909-11, 1912-17 Concordia College 1917- Parochial School 1906-(At intervals) 201 148 Nermann, H. M.* 1896-00 Pres. Grand Forks Coll. 1909-10 Pres. Nor'western Coll. 1910-12 Years at Years Luther Position Held College GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 453 No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- Name uates uates 202 149 Naeseth, Christen A.* 1869-74 Teacher Luther Coll... . 1882-09 Librarian Luth. Coll.... 1887-20 203 150 Naeseth, W. K.* 1902-08 Luther College 1908-09 204 151 Olsen, Martin I 1893-99 Park Region L. C 1900-01 205 152 Olsen. Nils A 1903-07 Muehlenberg College.. . 1909-10 206 ... 54 Olson, Bryngel T 1896-99 Luther Academy 1902-15 207 153 Olson, Oscar L 1886-93 Bode Academy 1893-95 Bruflat Academy 1896-98 Luther Academy 1898-01 Luther College 1901- Act. Pres. Luth. Coll.. 1921- 208 154 Omlie, Oscar K 1890-92, Willmar Seminary 1895-04 1893-95 1909-11 209 155 Onsgard, Henry A 1907-11 Gale College 1911-12 210 1561 Opheim, Ola S 1888-94 Bode Academy 1894-95 211 157 Ordal, Ola J.* 1893-98 Pres. Pac. Luth. Coll.. . 1921- 212 158 Ordal, Zakarias J.* 1893-98 Luther College 1898-99 Pres. S. F. Luth. N. S.. 1908-17 213 159 Orwoll, Melvinus S 1899-06 Luther College 1907-08 214 160 Ottersen, Ole* 1882-89 S. F. Luth. N. S 1890 215 55 Ottun, Nils J 1861-63 Parochial School 1882-05 216 . . 56 Palm, Stilluf* 1883-85 Parochial School 1883-01 217 57 Palmer, Knut R.* 1899-03 Parochial School 1903-08 218 161 Paulson, Peter C 1900-04 Albion Academy 1904-07 219 162 . . . .Pederson, Alfred C 1900-04 Pres. Bruflat Academy. 1904-05 Lutheran Ladies' Sem.. 1907-08 Pres. Willmar Seminary 1910-19 220 163 Pederson, Chr. A 1905-09 Willmar Seminary 1909-13 221 164i Petersen, W. M. H.* 1869-75 Luther Seminary 1894-99 222 165 Peterson, Enoch E 1906-12 Luther College 1912- 223 166 Peterson, Francis E 1906-09 Park Region L. C 1909-21 Pres. Park Region L. C. 1917-21 Luther College 1921- 224 167 Peterson, Helmer S 1899-03 Pac. Luth. Academy. . . 1907-10 225 168 Peterson, Jos. M 1894-98 Pac. Luth. Academy. . . 1898-00 Grand Forks College. . . 1901-05 226 169 Peterson, Samuel* 1892-97 Pres. Clifton Luth Coll. 1899-00 227 170 Peterson, S. C. N.* 1880-86 Pres. S. F. Luth. N. S.. 1892-93 228 171 Preus, C. K.* 1865-66 Luther College 1898-21 1868-73 Pres. Luther College. . . 1902-21 229 172 Qualley, O. W 1912-18 Luther College 1918- 230 173 Qually, Peter W 1903-10 Gale College 1910-11 231 174 Ramstad, Ola 1878-83 Luther College 1884-86 1887-89 232 175 Reishus, K. P. B 1906-09 Park Region L. C 1909-13 Lutheran Ladies' Sem.. 1913-14 233 176 Remmen, Martin E 1882-88 Bode Academy 1889 234 177 Reque, Herman A 1890-94 Bruflat Academy 1897-98 Park Region L. C 1898-02 235 178 Reque, L. S 1862-63 St. Olaf College 1874-75 1864-69 Luther CoUege 1875-93, 1897-16 236 179 Reque, L. S. J.* 1890-94 Gale College 1918- 237 180 Reque, Sigurd S 1897-03 Gale College 1904-05 Luther College 1906-08 Luther Academy 1913-19 Pres. Luther Academy . 1914-19 Luther College 1919- 238 181 Rikansrud, O. T.* 1881-88 Clifton Lutheran Coll... 1897-00 239 182 Rindahl, Opie S 1917-21 Jewell College 1921- 240 183 Ringden, Theodor R.* 1892-98 Pres. Albion Academy.. 1906-16 241 184 Roalkvam, Halyard* 1871-74 Luther College 1878-86 Pres. Grand Forks Coll. 1892-93 242 58 Rognlie, P. H.* 1882-83 Parochial School 1883-85 243 ...... 59 RoUefson, Carl J 1883-86 St. Olaf College 1890-91, 1892-93, 1895-97 244 185 Rosenqvist, B 1906-09 Gale College 1909-10 245 186 Rosholdt, Carl L 1902-06 Park Region L. C 1907-09 246 187 Rosholdt, T. G 1905-09 Bruflat Academy 1909-10 247 188 Rosholdt, T. L.* 1895-99 Glenwood Academy.. . . 1907-09 248 189 Rygh, Geo. T.* 1876-81 Luther College 1883 Wittenberg Academy. . 1889-90 Pres. Mt. Horeb Acad.. 1895-98 St. Olaf College 1910-11, 1912-13 Years at Years Luther Position Held College 454 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- Name uates uates 249 190 Sandager, C. N.* 1904-05, Parochial School 1911-13 1906-10 Outlook College 1918-19, 1921- 250 191 Sander, Anton B 1868-74 Luther College 1878-79 251 192 Seebach, Carl H 1911-15 Lutheran Ladies' Sem. 1916 252 60 Sheel, H. W 1874-75 Willmar Seminary 1885-89 Luther College 1889- 253 193 Simley, L T 1907-11 Luther Academy 1911-14 254 194 Skalet, Charles H 1918-19 Park Region L. C 1919-20 255 195 Skartvedt, Peder* 1873-79 Parochial School 1880-83 Augustana College 1884-87 256 61 Skauge, Nikolai O 1895-96, Manager Wild Rice Or- 1898-02 phans' Home 1903- 257 196 Sfneby, Oluf H.* 1865-71 Luther Academy 1888-04 258 197 Solheim, Ola A 1875-81 Luther College 1881-82 Willmar Seminary 1883-84 Parochial School 1887-89 Martin Luther Or- phans' Home (Mgr.). 1889-01 Parochial School 1906-10 S. F. Luth. N. S 1910-18 Augustana College and N. S 1918- 259 62 Solstad, Hans P.* 1869-72 Parochial School 1872-73 260 198 Solum, Henry E.* 1883-90 Pres. Willmar Sem 1898-04 261 199 Sperati, Carlo A.* 1884-88 Luther College 1885-88, 1905- Pac. Luth. Academy. . . 1894-95 262 200 Sperati, Carsten E 1905-13 Park Region L. C 1920- 263 201 Sponheim, Oscar H 1900-05 Grand Forks College.... 1905-06 264 202 Steensland, Morten M . . . . 1884-86, U. C. Sem. (Pro-Sem.) . 1893-00 1886-90 St. Olaf College 1900-07 265 63 Storaker, Eliam P 1884-85 Parochial School 1882- 266 203 Storvick, Roy 1917-21 Canton Luth. N. S 1921- 267 204 Strom, Carl W 1915-19 Luther College 191^)- 268 205 Str0m, Eimar L* 1886-91 Pres. Luther Academy.. 1897-02 Supt. R. W. Par. School 1903-09 269 206 Str0m, Oscar A.* 1892-97 Wittenberg Academy. . 1902-05 270 207 Str0mme, Peer O.* 1869-76 St. Olaf College 1887 Mt. Horeb Academy. . . 1893-94 271 208 Stub, H. G.** 1865-66 Luther Seminary 1878-96 Luther College 1896-00 Luther Seminary 1900-17 272 209 Styve, Oscar C 1895-00 Luther Academy 1902-05 273 64 Svennungsen, Stener* 1864-66 Aaberg Academy 1900 274 210 Swansen, H. Fred 1911-14 Luther Academy 1914-18 Luther College 1918-20 Pres. Gale College 1920- 275 211 Swensen, AlfW 1916-20 Wartburg Nor. College. 1921- 276 212 Swenson, Laurits S 1881-86 Pres. Luther Academy. 1888-97 277 213 Savre, B. K 1890-96 Park Region L. C 1897 Luther College 1900-01, 1912-18 Clifton Luth. College. . 1901-04 Glenwood Academy. . . 1904-07 Pres. Glenwood Acad . . 1905-07 Pres. Grand Forks Coll. 1907-09 278 214 Talle, Henry 1913-17 Luther Academy 1920-21 Luther College 1921- 279 215 Teisberg, A. K 1864-70 Luther College 1874-75 St. Olaf College 1875-80 280 216 Teisberg, Carl 1892-99 Albion Academy 1901-06 281 217 Thoen, Jacob E.* 1887-92 Pres. Luther Academy . 1903-14 282 65 Thoen, Lauritz 1866-71 Parochial School Sev. yrs. 283 66 Thollehaug, S. K.* '. . . 1891-94 Grand Forks College. . . 1904-07 284 218 Thompson, C. S.* 1893-97 Spokane College 1907-11 285 219 Thompson, T. E 1899-00 Willmar Seminary 1904-06 1901-04 Bruflat Academy 1906-08 Luther College 1908-18 286 67 Thorkveen, L. P.* 1883-85 Supt. Parochial School of U. C 1911-12 287 220 Thorstenson, K. A 1895-01 Clifton Luth College. . . 1902-03 Luther Academy 1903-04 GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 455 No. Years Total No. Under- at Years No. Grad- grad- Name Luther Position Held uates uates College 288 221 . .Tingelstad, J. O.* 1880-85 Luther College 1883-85 1886-87 Concordia Proseminar. . 1888 Pres. Bruflat Academy. 1890-00 289 2''2 Tingelstad, O. A.* 1902-05 Luther College 1909- 290 68 Tjernagel, H. M.* 291 223 Tolo, Arthur J . . . 292 224 Tolo, T. O.* 293 225 Tonning, Oie 294 226 Topness, Sibert M 295 227 Torgerson, J. A. C 1888-94 Luther Academy 1898-99 1914-18 Luther Academy 1919-20 1885-90 Luther Seminary 1916-17 1898-04 Concordia College 1909-16 1911-15 Lutheran Ladies' Sem.. 1919-20 1895-99 Luther Academy 1901-03, 1908-13 Pres. Luther Acad 1902-03, Pres. Clifton Luth. Coll. 1906-08 Bode Academy 1900-01 296 228 Torrison, L B.* 1873-79 Luther College 1902-12 297 229 Trytten, Gilbert N 1916-20 Luther Academy 1920-21 298 230 Trytten, M. H 1912-16 Luther College 1917-18, 1919-20, 1921- 299 231 Tufte, Martin C* 1884-91 Pres. Glenwood Acad . . 1894-95 300 232 . ; . . . .Turmo, Stener* 1894-99 S. F. Luth. N. S 1902-03 301 233 Tvssen, Carl 1902-06 Willmar Seminary 1906-07 Luther Academy 1907-11 Luther College 1914 Pres. Clifton Luth. Coll. 1914- 302 234 Ulvilden, George* 1912-16 Luther College 1918 303 69 Urnes, J. A.* 1881-82, Parochial School 1883-84 1884-86 Pres. St. Ansgar Sem.. . 1904-06 304 235 Vaala, Alf O 1900-07 Wild Rice Orph. Home. 1907-08 Grand Forks College. .. 1909-10 Northwestern College. . 1911-12 305 236 ... . Vaaler, Arnt J.* 1903-07 Albion Academy 1907-08 306 237 Vaaler, Even A.* 1898-02 Pres. Willmar Sem 1908-10 .307 238 Vaaler, Torvald 1915-19 Luther College 1920-21 308 239 Vangen, CO 1900-04 Brufiat Academy 1905-07 310 240 Waage, Johannes 1911-18 Luther College 1918 311 241 Waller, M. C* 1888-93 Wittenberg Academy. . 1910-12 312 242 Wierson, Andrew T 1913-17 Jewell College 1919-20 313 244 WoUan, Casper 1 1907-11 Luther College 1911-12 Luther Academy 1912-19 314 245 Wollan, G. B 1893-97 Glenwood Academy 2 yrs. 315 246 Wollan, Gustav C 1893-95, Glenwood Academy 1910-11 1896-00 316 70 Wraamann, Wilhelm W. . . 1868-69 Augsburg Seminary. . . . 1882-85 317 247 . . . Wrolstad, J. Oliver* 1899-06 Wittenberg Academy. . 1906-08 318 248 Wulfsbef g, Einar* 1893-00 Pres. Pk. Reg. L. C . . . . 1921- 319 249 Xavier, J. U.* 1885-88 Lutheran Ladies' Sem.. 1899-01 1889-93 Pac. Luth. Acad 1902-19 Pac. Luth. College 1921- 320 250 Xavier, Karl* 1884-87,5. F. Luth. N. S 1903-10 1888-92 321 251 Ylvisaker, Johan T.* 1870-77 Luther College 1889-90 322 252 Ylvisaker, Johannes T.**. . 1871-74 Luther Seminary 1879-17 323 253 Ylvisaker, J. W 1917-21 Luther Academy 1921- 324 254 Ylvisaker, S. C* 1899-03 Luther College 1911-19 Concordia Coll. (St. P.) 1919- 325 255 Ytterb0, H. T 1875-81 St. Olaf College 1882-04 326 71 0fstedal, A. A.* 1874-78 Rector Luth. Deac. H . . 1912- 327 72 0ie, Lars A. L 1885-86 Parochial School in Over 30 Norway and America years. 328 73 0xendahl, Iver L.* 1883-85 Parochial School 1885-89 V. Alphabetical List of Lutheran Church Schools at Which Luther College Men Have Taught 1. Aaberg Academy, Devils Lake, N. D. 2. Albion Academy, Albion, Wis. (H. A. Preus Lutheran Academy) 3. Augsburg Seminary, Minneapolis, Minn. 4. Augustana College, Canton, S. D. 5. Augustana College and Normal School, Sioux Falls, S. D. 6. Bethany College, Mankato, Minn. 7. Bode Academy, Bode, Iowa. 456 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS 8. Bruflat Academy, Portland, N. D. 9. Canton Lutheran Normal School, Canton, S. D. 10. Carter Indian Mission, Carter, Wis. 11. Clifton Lutheran College, Clifton, Texas. 12. Columbia College, Everett, Wash. 13. Concordia College, Greensboro, N. C. 14. Concordia College, Moorhead, Minn. 15. Concordia College, St. Paul, Minn. 16. Gale College, Galesville, Wis. 17. Glenwood Academy, Glenwood, Minn. 18. Gran Boarding School, Aal, N. D. 19. Grand Forks College, Grand Forks, N. D. (1st and 2nd) 20. Homme Orphans' Home, Wittenberg, Wis. 21. Jewell College, Jewell, Iowa. 22. Lake Park Orphans' Home, Lake Park, Minn. 23. Lawrence Christian School, Lawrence, Wash. 24. Luther Academy, Albert Lea, Minn. 25. Luther College, Decorah, Iowa. 26. Luther Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. 27. Luther Theological Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. 28. Lutheran Deaconess Home and Hospital, Chicago, 111. 29. Lutheran Ladies' Seminary, Red Wing, Minn. 30. Lutheran Normal School, Madison, Minn. 31. Lutheran Normal School, Sioux Falls, S. D. 32. Martin Luther Orphans' Home, Stoughton, Wis. 33. Monona Academy, Madison, Wis. 34. Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pa. 35. North Star Academy, Warren, Minn. 36. Northwestern College, Velva, N. D. 37. Outlook College, Outlook, Sask., Canada. 38. Pacific Lutheran Academy, Parkland, Wash. 39. Pacific Lutheran College, Parkland, Wash. 40. Park Region Luther College, Fergus Falls, Minn. 41. Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa. 42. Red Wing Parochial School, Red Wing, Minn. 43. Red Wing Seminary, Red Wing, Minn. 44. Scandinavia Academy, Scandinavia, Wis. 45. Shantung Christian University, Tsinan, China. 46. Spokane College, Spokane, Wash. 47. St. Ansgar Seminary, St. Ansgar, Iowa. 48. St. Olaf's School, Northfield, Minn. 49. St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minn. 50. Stoughton Academy, Stoughton, Wis. 51. United Church Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. 52. United Church Seminary (Proseminary), St. Paul, Minn. 53. Wahpeton Lutheran Bible School, Wahpeton, N. D. 54. Waldorf College, Forest City, Iowa. 55. Walther College, St. Louis, Mo. 56. Wartburg College, Clinton, Iowa. 57. Wartburg Normal College, Waverly, Iowa. 58. Wild Rice Orphans' Home, Twin Valley, Minn. 59. Willmar Seminary, Willmar, Minn. 60. Wittenberg Academy, Wittenberg, Wis. (1st and 2nd) 61. Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio. 62. Wittenberg Indian Mission, Wittenberg, Wis. 63. Wittenberg Normal School, Wittenberg, Wis. VI. Publications and Literary Productions of Luther College Men in Church Work The list printed below is not complete, either as pertaining to the men who have written or to their writings, but the limited source material at hand makes it impossible to complete it at the present time. Only the writings of the Luther College men who have been engaged in church work as pastors or teachers in church schools, are listed here, but their secular writings have also been included. It will, however, be evident that by far the greatest number deal with church matters. The charge has justly been made that the Norwegian Lutheran Church has been neglectful in providing itself with a literature of its own, and that it is edu- GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 457 eating its people into the Reformed churches by the extensive use of the literature of those churches. The Lutheran Church must educate its pastors and teachers to an increased literary- productivity of a sufficiently high quality to satisfy the thinking layman. The appended list will indicate to some extent what Luther College men have done in this field of church work. The first column enumerates the men, the second enumerates the graduates, and the third the undergraduates, as in the other lists in this chapter. In the fourth column the names of the men appear, and here the ordained clergymen are indicated by an asterisk. The fifth column classifies the men as Authors, Joint Authors, Editors, Assistant Editors, and Translators. Composers j?i^-v.i LUTHERAN PUBLISHING HOUSE of church music are also included. In the last column appear the titles of the publications, with the date of publication where- ever it has been possible to ascertain it. Manuscripts are indicat- ed thus-(Mss). The list is limited to books published and pe- riodicals edited, with a few notable exceptions. No. Total No. Under- Literary- No. Grad- grad- Name Work Titles uates uates 1 1 Andersen, J. N.* Jt. Author "The Open Bible", 1918. 2 1 Anderson, Chr.* Editor. . . ."Bible Study Manual", 1911. "Bymissioneeren", 1907-08. 3 2 Askevold, Bernt* Author. . . ."I de gamles sted", 1893. "D0den og Hvet", 1900. 4 2 Astrup, Johannes* Editor. . . .A paper in the Zulu language. 5 3 Aubol, Carl O.* Editor. . . . "Samfundet", 1894-95. "Lutheraneren", 1895-06. 6 4 Bale, C. E Author. . . . "The Syntax of the Genitive Case in the Lindisfarne Gos- pels", (No. 1, Vol. 1, Iowa University Studies in Lan- guage and Literature), 1907. 7 3 Bjerke, A. O.* Editor .... "Pacific Harold", 1908-13. 8 4 Belsheim, O. G.* Editor ... ."The Christian Youth", 1898-99. 458 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- uates uates Name Literary Work Titles 9 5 Bogstad, Rasmus*. 10 5 Bothne, Gisle Transl. . Author. . Editor . .Author. 6 Bothne, J. G.D.*. 12 7 Braaten, Sven O.*. 13 8 Brandt, R. O.* .Author. . .Author. . . .Asst. Ed.. 14 9 Brandt, Walther I. 15 10 Bredesen, Adolf* . . .Author.. Author. . . . 6 Breivilc, G. I. . B0e, N. N.* . Christensen, M. A.' Transl. . . , Author. . .Author.. . Composer, .Author. . . .Author. . . 19 13 Christensen, Nehem* Editor. . 20 14 Clauson, C. T.* Editor.. 21 7 Dahl, P. H.* Author.. 15 Dorrum, I. . Editor . 16 D0ving, Carl*. Author. . .Author.. Transl. "Lutheran Almanac", 1905. . Laache's "Catechism" (Norw. to Eng.), 1894. ."Christian Baptismal Names", 1915. ."Concordia Banner", 1893-03. "Concordia Record", 1903-10. . "Det Norske Luther College", 1897. Article in Wist's "Norskameri- kanernes Festskrift", 1914. "Nationalsang og nationalf0l- else", "Symra", 1905. "Nordmandsforbundet", "Sym- ra", 1907. "Nordisk hus ved Minnesota universitet", "Symra", 1912. . "Kantate ved Jubelsynoden", 1903. "Digte". . Several Hymns. ."Lutheran Herald", 1906-07. "Ev. Luth. Kirketidende", 1898-02. . "The Railway Invasion of Mex- ico", 1917. 'Slaveristriden i ny belysning", 1905. Sermons and Lectures. ."Konkordieformelens kjerne" (Ger. to Norw.), 1877. ."Pastor Nils Brandts erindrin- ger fra aarene 1851 til 1855", "Symra", 1907. "Herman Amberg Preus som jeg kjendte ham", "Symra", 1910. ."Om daaben", 1899. "Sacrament of Holy Baptism", 1907. ."Cornet musik til Synodens norske og engelske salmer", 1899. ."Beviserne for kristendommens sandhed", 1907. . "Stanwood menighets historie", 1913. Lectures. "En glemt amerikaner. — Swa- nee Ribber's og My Old Kentucky Home's digter", "Symra", 1912. ."Pacific Herold", 1893-96. . "Bymissionaeren", 1906-13. ."Short History of the Settle- ment of the Norwegians in Dakota Territory, and the Organization of the first Lutheran Congregation." Pub. in the So. Dakotan and later incorporated as Ch. 87 in Drake Robinson's History of South Dakota. "Det kristelige hjem", (Kirke- tidende), 1903. ."Stories and Poems by Jonas Lie", 1914. "Tr0ndelagets Annual", 1912- 17. . "Heimklangen", "Symra", 1911 ."Billeder fra Sydafrika", 1891. "Blandt Zuluerne i Sydafrika", 1895. . Hymns, 32 of which are in "The Lutheran Hymnary", 1913. GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 459 No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- uates uates Name Literary Work Titles 24 17 Egge, Albert E. .Author. . . 25 18 Eggen, Thore* Editor Transl 26 8 Eidahl, Kittil O.* .... Editor .... 27 19 . Eikeland, P. J Author.. . . Jt. Author Co-editor. . Author. . . . 28 20 Engh, Hagbart*. 29 21 Estrem, Andrew. .Author. . .Author. . 22 Fjeldstad, C. A. 31 9 Fjeldstad, R. K.*. 32 23 Fosmark, Ole N.*, .Author. .Author. .Author. 33 24 Fossum, Andrew Author. 34 25 Fretheim, S. J. 35 10 Giere, Eric O. . . Editor . .Author. 36 26 Gjevre, A. H. Author. . . Transl. 37 27 Glas0e, Oluf* .Author. "A History of the English Lan- guage", (Mss). "Byron, Ibsen, and other Essays", (Mss). "Det engelske folks oprindelse", ''Symra", 1909. "Christian Youth", 1891-98. "Lutheraneren", 1906-20. Margrethe's "After Confirma- tion" (Norw. to Eng.) 1900. "Erindringer cm pastor Muus", "Symra", 1910. "Christian Youth", 1904-05. "S0ndagskolebladet", 1904-05. "Norsk grammatik", 1908. "Haandbok i norsk retskrivning og uttale", 1916. "Ibsens Kongsemnerne", 1915. "Thrond Bothne som laerer", "Symra", 1908. "Peer Gynt", "Symra", 1912. "Retskrivning og vrangskriv- ning", "Symra", 1914. "Et blik paa den norske kultur- saga 1800-1914", "Symra". 1914. "Hvorledes b0r kirken stille sig ligeoverfor hemmelige selska- ber?", 1893. "The Statesmanship of William H. Seward, prior to 1861". "Sketch of Luther College" in O. N. Nelson's History of Scandinavians, 1897. Short articles in North Ameri- can Review, Midland Month- ly, etc. "The Effect of Thyroidectomy on the Rate of Formation of Antibodies", 1909. "De moderne hemmelige sel- skaber i Guds Ords lys", 1906 "Om de to udvselgelsesbegre- ber", 1884. "Er Jesus av Nazareth virkelig sand Gud", 1890. "Er helvedsstraffen vedvar- ende?", 1890. "The Theatre at Eretria", 1891. 1897. "The Theatre at Sikyon", 1903. "The Norse Discovery of Amer- ica", 1918. "Plentywood Lutheran", 1912. "Christian Science". 1905. Medical papers on various sub- jects. "Sabbaten og s0ndagen", 1898. "Israels fald og opreisning", 1900. "Analogy in Semitic Lan- guages", (Mss), 1903. "Jesu nye bud om kjserlighed", 1904. "Apostelen Addais laere", (Sy- rian to Eng.), 1907. Klein's "Is Jesus a Historic Personality?", (German to English), 1913. Malech's "History of the Syrian Nation and Church", (Re- vised by A. H. G.), 1910. "Fredstanker" (Postille over anden raekke), 1901. "M0rkeste Minnesota", 1910. 460 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- uates uates Name Literary Work Titles Glas0e, Paul M. Editor . Author.. . .Author. . . 28 Granrud, J. E. Editor. .Author. 40 41 42 29 GuUixon, G. A.*... 30 Ha^vik, Olai L.*. . 31 Hallanger, C. M.*. 32 Halvorson, Joh.*. . . Editor . . . ■ Author. . . .Asst. Ed.. .Author. . . 33 Hanson, Haldor J . 45 34 Harstad, B.* 46 35 Heimdahl, O. E.*. 47 36 Hilleboe, H. S. . . 48 12 Hjermstad, H. A. L.*. 49 13 Hjort, J. L 50 37 Hoff, T. A.* 51 14 Holseth, M. C* 52 15 Homme, Even J.*. . . . Jt. Author .Author. . . Editor . . . .Editor. . . . .Editor. . .Editor. . Author. . . Editor . . . Editor. . . Compiler . Transl. . Asst. Ed. . Editor . . 38 Homme, Thorleif* Author. . "Indremissionskisser", 1907. , "Lindemans Koralbog med til- laeg", 1899. "Church and Sunday School Hymns", 1898. "Korsange", 1903. "Church Designs", 1917. "Omsorg for sine egne", 1919. Articles in "Journal of the American Chemical Society", ,. *^^^- "General Chemistry", 1913. Articles in "United Lutheran", 1910-15. Articles in "Lutheran Survey", 1915-17. Articles in "School Science and Math.", 1916. "Choral Union Bulletin", 1914. "Chemical Abstracts", "Jour- nal Am. Chem. Society", 1914 "Five Years of Alexander Ham- ilton's Public Life, 1786-91", .. ^^^^• "Roman Constitutional His- tory", 1902. Magazine articles on Cicero, Roman Life, Art, etc. "Roman Art", (Mss). "Lutheran Sentinel", 1919. "Music in the Church". "Menighetskalenderen", 1914- 16. "History of the Scandinavians" 1893. "History of the Synod", 1900. Articles in the church papers. New Explanation of the Norwe- gian Synod (Norwegian), 1900-02. "Nogle norske ord og uttryk i den nyere engelske littera- tur", "Symra", 1907. . Northern Edition (of Scandi- navian Music.) "Pacific Herold", 1896-98, 1899- 04. "Budbaereren", 1921- "The Hammer", one year. "Willmar Seminary", "Symra", 1913. "Lutheran Church Messenger", 1912. "La Crosse Tidende", 1895-97. "Devotional Gems" for use in _ army, 1918. "Evangelisk Troesgrund",(Ger. to Norw.) "For Gammel og Ung", 1892-93 "Menighetskalenderen", 1916. "For Gammel og Ung", 1881-03 "S0ndagskolebladet", 1887-03 "Sunday School Helper", 1892- 1900. "Waisenhuskalender", 1885-03. "Christian Youth", 1901-03. "The Grammatical Object", 1886. "Ymse bibelske utgreidningar", 1896. "Lage og liv (Allegori)", 1898. "Kunsti, kva og kvi", 1902. "Om sakramenterne", 1905. "Fire heimlandstonar", 1907. "Kristenlaera", 1909. GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 461 No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- uates uates Name Literary- Work Titles 54 16 Hovde, Brynjolf* Author. 55 39 Hovde, Brynjolf J Author., 56 40 Hustvedt, H. B.*. . 57 17 Iverslie, P. P . Editor . .Author. Transl. 58 41 Jerdee, Lars J.*. .. 59 42 Jordahl, D. C.*.... 60 43 J0rgenson, Fingar*. 61 44 Kalheim, Ole M... 62 45 Kasberg, K. A.*.... 63 46 Kildahl, J. N.* . Asst. Ed. .Author. . .Author. . .Editor. . .Editor... .Author. . 64 47 Koren, Paul* 65 48 Kvamme, Kristen* . 66 18 Landing, L. M . . Editor . . .Editor. . Transl. . . Author., .Author. . "Norske folkelagnad i 3,000- _ 4,000 aar", 1916. "Katekisma, umskipa, utvidda og umsett", 1916. "Ein mola av kristenlaera, fa- dervaar". . Several hymns in "Kirketidende" and "Lutheraneren". .."The Diplomatic Relations of Sweden and Norway and the United States between 1814 and 1905", Iowa Studies in Social Sciences, 1920. . ."Amerika", 1885-86. "Lutheran Herald", 1906-08. . . "Nordmaendenes reiser til Vin- land", "Symra", 1908. "Mere om Vinlands taagen", "Symra", 1913. "Norskarbeidet og kirken", "Symra", 1913. "Events Leading to the Separa- tion of Norway and Denmark", 1898. "Nogle af Verdenshistoriens Vigtigste Begivenheder i den Hellige Skrifts Belysning", 1902. "Gustav Storms Studier over Vinlandsreiserne", 1912. . . Holberg's "Pawned Peasant Boy", 1910. "Kensington Runestone Ar- ticles", 1917. . ."Synodensforklaring", 1900-02. . ."Nsrway Lake og indianerop- standen der", "Symra", 1914 . ."Messias", 1910. . . "Amerika", 1887-95. . ."Lutheran Almanac", 1917- . . "Barnedaaben", 1906. "Naar Jesus kommer ind i huset", 1906. "Lidt om hvad de norske i Amerika har udrettet for kirke og skole", "Symra", 1905. "St. Olaf gutternes Norges- faerd", "Symra", 1907. "Christian Science", 1918. "Den Helligaand", 1919. "Infant Baptism", 1908. "Synd og naade" (Postille over tredje raekke), 1912. "Kvindens stemmeret," 1922 (1919). . "U. V. Kerens Samlede Skrif- ter", 4 vols., 1912. Fru Korens, "Fra Pioneerti- den", 1914. . ."B0rneblad", 1913-17. "Barnevennen", 1917 — "Ev. L. Folkekalender", 1917. ..Mrs. Christiansen's "Bible Stories" (Eng. to Norw.) .."Norskarbeidet og kirken", "Symra", 1913. . ."Landing System of Bookkeep- ing", 1902. "Labor-saving Retail System", 1902. "Labor-saving Wholesale Sys- tem", 1903. "Labor-saving Double Entry System", 1903. 462 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- uates nates Name Literary Work Titles 67 49 Langeland, Magne* 68 50 Larsen, J. A. O 69 51 Larsen, Lauritz* . . .Author. .Author. . Editor . Transl. . 70 52 Lee, A. J.*.. 71 53 Lee, G. T.*. 72 54 Lee. Olav*. . Editor . . Autlior. .Editor. Asst. Ed. .Author. . 73 55 Linnevold, Johan*. , 74 56 Lunde, Gudbrand* . 75 19 Lundeberg, K. O.*. 76 20 L0kensgaard, K. O . .Author. .Author. .Author. Editor . .Author. Editor . . Asst. Ed. 77 57 L0kensgaard, Ole O.* Editor.. 78 21 Meland, R. J.* Author. . 79 58 Mellby, C. A.* Author.. 22 Minne, N. M.*. Editor. . Asst. Ed. .Author. . 81 59 . .Mohn, Th. N.*.. 60 Moldstad, J. A.*. .Asst. Ed. .Asst. Ed. Editor. . 23 Monson, L G.* Author. ."Johannes' Evangelium, dets aegthedforsvaret", 1892. ."Certain Latin Equivalents of the Potential Idea", 1910. ."Our Friend", 1908-17. "Childrens' Friend", 1917-18. .Klykken's "Youth and Chris- tianity", (Norw. to Eng.), 1914. ."National Lutheran Council Reports", 1918-21. ."Hemmelige Selskaber", 1900. ."Lutheran Herald", 1913-17. "Lutheran Church Herald", 1917— ."Amerika", 1888. . "Vore b0rns religi0se opdra- gelse". Unpublished English Poems. Translator for the St. Olaf Choir Series. ."Mindeblade fra jubelfesten paa Washington Prairie", 1903. . "Zwingli and Calvin and the Introduction of Significat", 1912. . . "Svar paa sp0rsmaal om hvor- for jeg forlod Brodersam- fundet", 1911. "Kristenlivets trekl0ver", 1913. . ."Broderbaandet", 1899-11. . ."Laesebog for b0rn, I trin", 1888. "Laesebog for b0rn, II trin", 1898. "Haandbog for s0ndagskole- terere", 1899. "Laesetabeller", 1900. "Kateketik", 1913. Monographs on educational subjects. . ."Skolen og hjemmet", 1921 — . . "Visergutten". 1921 — ..Columns of "Ungdomsforbun- det" in "Lutheraneren", 1908-20. . . "Norske settlementer og menig- heder i Benton, Sherburne og Mille Lacs Coiintier, Min- nesota", 1903. ."The Fanatics and Hyperspiri- tualists in the Reformation", 1916. "Beitrage zur Geschichte der religi0sen Duldung im 17 Jahrhundert", 1901. ."Amerika", 1888-89. ."United Lutheran", 1916-17. ."Santhalistan", 1892. "Asiens Missionshistorie",1895. "Mot Havet", 1896. "Sange og Digte", Vol. I, 1900, Vol. II, 1912. ."Lutherske Vidnesbyrd", 1888- 90. ."Amerika", 1896. ."Church Messenger", 1909-11. "Kirkebudet", 1912. ."Menneskets forhold", 1885. "Hvad siger kirkehistorien", 1902. "The Difference", 1915. "Kortfattet symbolik", 1915. "Ecclesia: — The Local Church, GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 463 No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- Name uates uates Literary- Work Titles 84 61 M0ller, F. A.* 85 24 M0rstad, E. O.*. . 86 62 Ness, J. A 87 63 Nilsson, Thomas* . 88 64 Naeseth, Chr. A.* . 89 65 Olsen, H. E.* 90 66 Olson, Oscar L. . . .Author. . . Editor . Author. .Author. . Editor . .Author. .Editor. .Author. 91 67 Ordal. Ola J.*. 92 68 Ordal, Z. J.*. . 25 Overn, A. G. H.*. 94 69 Petersen, W. M. H.*. 95 70 Peterson, J. M . 96 71 Preus, C. K.* 97 72 Preus, H. A.* 98 73 Preus, J. C. K.*. . . . . . 99 74 Reque, S. T.* 100 75 Roalkvam, Halvard*. 101 26 Rognlie, P. H.*. . 102 76 Rosholdt, Tollef*. 103 77 Rygh, G. T.*. Its Origin, Organization, and Polity". 1922. . "Indianernes herkomst og Ame- rikas f0rste beboere opdaget", 1913. ."Den kristelige laegmand", 1903-14. ."Elling Eielsen", 1917. ."Concatenation in Rig- Veda". "Etymology of the Sanskrit Root Ved". "Luthersk Kirketidende", 1913- 16. "B0rnebIad", 1909-13. ."Den moderne kvindeemanci- pation", in "Theologisk Tids- skrift", 1904. ."South Side Lutheran", Mil- waukee. 1908. ."The Scandinavian Origin of Beowulf" (Mss), 1903. "Beowulf-kvadet", in "Symra", 1912. "Beowulf and the Feast of Bricriu", in "Modern Philo- logy". 1914. "The Relation of Luther to Education", in "Teologisk Tidsskrift", 1917. "The Relation of the Rolfssaga Kraka and the Bjarkarimur to Beowulf", 1916. Lectures. Editor. ."Pacific Herold", 1906-08, 1913-17. Ed. pro tem"Ev. Luthersk Kirketidende", 1905. ."Skoleblad", 1911-14. "Is There a God"?, 1892. "The Small Catechism in Verse", 1902. "The True Doctrine of God", 1904. "Why I Am a Lutheran", 1904. ."Om skriftens inspiration", 1892. "Barnedaaben", 1899. "Hermeneutics", 1899. ."The Dorothea Legend: Its Earliest Records, Middle English Version, and Influ- ence on Massinger's Virgin Martyr", 1910. . "I hvilken retning og mot hvil- ket maal b0r Luther College utvikles for bedst at tjene Sy- noden?". 1903. Articles in the church papers. "Minder fra Spring Prairie prestegaard", "Symra", 1906, ."Ev. Luthersk Tidende", 1919-. "The Lutheran Sentinel", 1919- Jt. Author. "Norgesfaerden", 1914. Editor. . . ."Kirkeblad". 1906-. Author.... "Kateketik". 1881, 1898, 1903. "Homiletik", 1905. "Kiliasmen", 1920. "Luthersk Skoleblad", 1880-81. "Juleaften", 1912. "Planfor en fuldstaendig norsk- engelsk menighetsskole",1892 "Luthersk og uluthersk opdra- gelseslaere og praksis", 1901. Author. .. ."Morgenr0dens vinger", 1908. "The Shadow of a Wrong", 1908. Asst. Ed. .Author.. . Author. .Author. . .Author. . Editor . Editor . .Author. Author. 464 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- uates uates Name Literary Work Titles Editor . . Asst. Ed. Transl. 104 78 Sagen, A. K.*. . . 105 79 Seehuus, Knut*. .Author.. Editor. . .Editor... Author. . Editor. . Assc. Ed. Author. . 106 80 Solheim, Ola A Author. . 107 81 Stensrud, E. M.* Author.. 108 82 Str0mme, Peer O.* Author.. Editor . Transl.. Author. Transl. 109 .Stub, H. G.* Author.. Editor . Author. 110 . Swenson, Lauritz S Author. "The Pioneers", 1909. "Sangkor", 1909. "John Harding", 1910. Hymns and Poems. ."United Lutheran", 1909-14. . "American Lutheran Survey", 1914- . "Goszner's Treasury" (German to English), 1906. . "Om kiliasmen", 1896. . "Indremissionaeren", 1897-01. ..."The Old Paths", a postil, 1914. .Articles in magazines, e. g., "Concordia", "Lutheran Her- ald", "Kirketidende", "Sym- ra", "Rundschau", "Cen- tury", "Skandinaven". ."Ev. Luthersk Folkekalender", 1911-16. . . "Norsk-lutherske prester i Amerika", 1914. . "Et par smaatrak fra emi- grantmissionen for 25 aar siden", "Symra", 1911. . . "Norsk-amerikanske skoler. — Luther College", "Symra", 1910. . "The Lutheran Church andCali- fornia", 1914. ."Hvorledes Halvor blev prest", 1894. "Compend of Church History", 1902. "Unge Helgeson", 1906. Letters of travel from his two trips around the vi'orld. Stories, poems, and Demo- cratic campaign speeches. Lectures. , ."Norden", 1888-95. "Superior Posten", 1888-95. "Amerika", 1896-98. "Minneapolis Times", 1899-03. "Politikken", 1904. "Vor Tid", 1904-05. "Normanden", 1910-18. . .Laache's "Book of Family Prayer", 1902. , . "Mark Twain", "Symra", 1905. "Norsk-amerikanske forfattere. Waldemar Ager", "Symra", 1907. "Digte", 1921. "Memorial Volume", 1922. , .Girard's "My Four Years in Germany", (Eng. to Norw.), 1918. Johnsen's "Paul of Tarsus", (Norw. to Eng.), 1919. , ."Naadevalget", 1881. "Mod Frimureriet", 1882. "Lidt av den nyere kirkehis- torie iblandt os", in "Luther- aneren", 1920-22. . "Ev. Luthersk Kirketidende", 1896-00. "Theologisk Tidsskrift", 1899- 08. . ."Kristofer Janson og Ludvig Helger", 1894. "Udvaelgelsen", 1882. "Fra fars og mors liv", "Symra" 1907. "Hvad staar iveien", 1911. ."Prof. dr. Laur. Larsen. — De GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 465 No. Total No. Under- No. Grad- grad- uates uates Name Literary Work Titles 111 85 Teisberg, A. K 112 27 Thollehaug, S. K.*. 113 28 Thorkveen, L. P.*. 114 86 Tliorvilson, T. K.*. 115 87 Tingelstad, O. A.*. 116 29 Tjernagel, H. M.*. 117 88 Tolo, T. O.* 118 89 Torrison, I. B.* . 119 90 Turmo, O.* 120 91 Vangsnes, Ole P.* . 92 Wollan, G. 122 28 Wraamann. W. W. 123 93 Xavier, J. U.* 124 94 Xavier, Karl* norsk-amerikanske skole- msends Nestor", "Symra", 1909. .Editor. . . ."Fergus Falls Ugeblad", 188 0- 85. .Author. . . . "Undervis den unge om den vei han skal vandre", 1904. .Editor. . . ."Korsange", 1903. "Festsange", 1905-09. "Kirkesange for blandet kor", 1905. "Lutheran Almanac", 1912, 1913. "By the Christmas Tree", 1912, 1913. "Gudbrandsdalslagets aarbel- ker", 1911-. . Author "Drikkeondet", 1900. Editor. . . ."Reform", 1893. . Author. ... "The Religious Element in American School- Readers", 1913. "The College Curriculum and Ministerial Supply", "Teolo- gisk Tidsskrift", 1918. "Theory of Evolution To-day", "Teologisk Tidsskrift", 1919. Jt. Author. "Norgesfaerden", 1914. "Christian Keyser Preus",1922. . Author. ... "Toftezons. Et kapitel af norsk-amerikansk hisuorie", "Symra", 1914. . Author. ... "Modern Woodmen of Amer- ica", 1897. "Crow River Menighets 50 aars festskrift", 1911. "The Other Side of Socialism", 1914. "Kristelig Hjem", 1920. . Author. .. ."The Future of the Lutheran Church in America", "Lu- theraneren", 1921. "Kildahl som elev ved Luther College," chapter in the Kil- dahl Memorial Volume, 1921. "Preus sora samfundsmand og teolog," chapter in the Preus Memorial Volume, 1922. "Norskarbeidet og Kirken," "Symra,"" 1913. . Author. ... "De klas.siske studiers betyd- ning," "Symra," 1911. .Editor ... .Articles in "Kirketidende," "Lutheraneren," and "Luth- eran Church Herald " "B0rneblad," 1900-07. Author. .. ."Pastor Nils Amlund," "Symra," 1911. .Author. .. ."To Luther," official hymn of Luther College, 1897. Asst. Ed.. ."Jubilate," quarterly choir journal, 1900-05. .Author. . . . "Praktisk Iserebog i engelsk." .Editor "Pacific Herold," 1913. .Author. . . . "Tre pastoralteologiske av- handUnger," 1913. Editor. . . . "Skoleblad," 1905-11. Author. . . . "Tidsmaessig preeken," 1919. Transl. . . ."Fald og opreisning," (Swedish to Norwegian), 1914. "Opfyldte l0fter," (Swedish to Norwegian), 1917. Lenk's "I det lille banevogter- hus," (Ger. to Norw.), 1913. 6 other books by Lenk, 1913-18. 466 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS No. Total No. Under- Literary No. Grad- grad- Name Work Titles uates uates 125 95 Ylvisaker, Johan T.* Author "Det Norske Luther College", 1890. 126 96 Ylvisaker, Johannes T.*. . .Author. ... "Teologi og videnskab," 1891. "De fire evangeliers harmoni," 1896. "De fire evangelier i synoptisk fremstilling med forklar- inger," 2 vols., 1905-07. "Eksegese over brevet til efe- sierne," 1910. "Synodens alterbog," 1897-99. "Synodens katekismusforklar- ing," 1900-02. Asst. Ed.. ."Ev. Luthersk Kirketidende,' 1889-93. 127 97 Ylvisaker, S. C* Author. . . ."Zur Assyrisch-Babylonischen Grammatik," (Leipzig Sem- itic Studies, Vol. 6), 1912. "The Missouri Synod and the Norwegians," 1922. 128 31 0fstedal, A. A.* Editor ... ."Diakonissen," 1912-. VII. Luther College Graduates and Undergraduates IN Church Offices No. Years Total No. Under- at Years No. Grad- grad- Name Luther Office Held uates uates College General Church Officers: 1 Borge, M. 1870-71 Treas. Norwegian Synod. . . 1905-11 2 1 EUestad, N. J 1865-71 Vice Pres. United Church.. . 1902-12 3 2 GuUixon, Geo. A 1882-90 Pres. Norw. Synod of the Am. Ev. Luth. Church.. . 1922- 4 3 Harstad, B 1865-71 Pres. Norw. Synod of the Am. Ev. Luth. Church..'. 1918-22 5 4 Hustvedt, H. B 1867-73 Treas. Norwegian Synod.. . . 1899-05, 1911-17 6 5 Jordahl, D. C 1881-88 Sec. Norwegian Synod 1908-17 7 6 Kildahl, J. N 1873-79 Sec. United Church 1890-95 Vice-Pres. United Church... 1912-17 Vice Pres. Norw. Luth Ch. of Am 1917-20 8 7 Kvale, O. J 1883-90 Sec. Norwegian Synod 1917- 9 2 Lundeberg, K. O 1881-82 Pres. "Brodersamfundet". . . 1900-03 10 8 Moldstad, John A 1888-94 Vice Pres. Norw. Synod of the Am. Ev. Luth. Church 1918- 11 3 M0rstad, E. O 1879-81 Sec. ElHng's Synod 1896-04 12 9 Nordby. J 1867-73 Sec. Norwegian Synod 1896-98 13 10 Preus, C. K 1867-73 Vice Pres. Norw.Synod 1911-17 14 11 Stub, H. G 1865-66 Vice Pres. Norw. Synod 1905-10 Pres. Norwegian Synod. . . . 1910-17 Pres. Nor. Luth. Church of Am ign- is 12 Thorlaksson, N. S 1876-81 Pres. Icelandic Synod 1921- District Presidents: 1 1 Aastad, L T 1889-92 Pres. N. Minn. Dist., N. L. 1920- 2 1 Bj0rgo, K 1864-70 Pres. Minn. Distr., N. S. . . . 1892-17 3 2 Beie, N. N. . . '. 1882-86 Pres. S. D. Distr., N. L 1918- 4 3 Harstad, B 1865-71 Pres. Minn. Dist., N. S 1883-91 Pres. Pacific Dist., N. S 1893-98 5 4 Hendrickson, P. A... . 1870-76 Pres. N. W. Distr., N. S.. . . 1908-17 6 5 Jordahl, D. C 1881-88 Pres. Iowa Dist., N. S 1916-17 7 6 Nordby, J 1867-73 Pres. East. Distr., N. S. . . . 1907-17 Pres. East. Distr., N. L., C. A 1917- 8 7 Sagen, A. K 1869-74 Pres. East. Distr., N, S 1903-07 9 8 Vangsness, O. P 1869-75 Pres. Iowa Distr., N. S 1906-16 10 9 Ylvisaker. J. D 1881-88 Pres. N. D. Distr., N. L.. . . 1917- GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES IN CHURCH WORK 467 No. Years Total No. Under- at Years No. Grad- grad- Name Luther Office Held uates uates College National Lutheran Council: 1 1 Larsen, Lauritz 1893-02 Secretary 1918- President 1920- 2 2 Stub, H. G 1865-66 President 1918-20 National Lutheran Commission for Soldiers' and Sailors' Welfare: 1 1 Larsen, Lauritz 1893-02, Secretary 1918-22 2 2 Sandager, C. N 1904-10 Western Ex. Sec, Canadian Commission etc 1918-19 3 3 Stub, J. A. O 1890-91 Secretary 1917-18 1893-98 President 1918- Lutheran Brotherhood of America; 1 1 Eggen, There 1873-79 Ex. Sec (former Luth. Union) 1918- 2 2 Stub, J. A. 1890-98 President 1918- Young People's Luther League: 1 1 Jacobson, J. N 1882-85 Treasurer 1917- 2 1 Thorpe, C. S 1899-03 Topics Editor 1919- 3 2 Tingelstad, O. A 1902-05 Secretary 1917-22 4 3 Ylvisaker, N. M 1898-02 Executive Secretary 1919- VIII. Luther College Graduates and Undergraduates IN THE Mission Fields Foreign Missions: 1 1 Astrup, Johannes 1893 Zulus, South Africa 1896- 2 2 Braafladt, L. H 1906 Chinese (Medical Miss.) 1917- 4 3 Ekfelt, Odd 1910 Chinese (Medical Miss.) 1917- 5 4 Faye, C. U 1909 Zulus, South Africa 1912- 6 5 Larsen, N. Astrup .... 1896 Chinese 1913- 7 6 Lillegard,'Geo. 1908 Chinese 1912-17, 1921- 7 7 Otte, Heinrich 1893 Zulus, South Africa 1896- 8 8 Storaasli, Gynther. . . . 1911 Chinese 1915-16 9 9 Ylvisaker, John F. . . . 1916 Madagascar 1921- Home Missions: 1 1 Brevig, T. L 1877 Eskimos 1894-08, 1913-17 2 1 Gjevre, A. H 1878 Jews, New York and Minne- 1901-05, apolis 1922- 3 2 Hovde, Brynjolf 1862 Indians, Wittenberg, Wis. . . 1893-02 4 3 Jacobson, Axel 1885 Indians, Wittenberg, Wis. .. 1888- 5 2 Larsen, Chr. M 1883 Deaf, blind and epileptics, Faribault, Minn. 6 4 Meirstad, E. 1881 Indians, Wittenberg and Carter, Wis 1884-86, 1890-20 7 3 Str0m, Oscar A 1897 Indians, Wittenberg, Wis. .. 1902-07 8 5 Tjernagel, Helge M. . . 1894 Eskimos 1908-13 IX. Luther College Graduates and Undergraduates Who Served As Collectors of Special Funds Financial Secretary, St. Olaf College Hoyme Memorial Chapel. Jubelfund. Luther College Building Funds. Luther College Endowment Fund. Luther Memorial Fund. Luther College Graduates and Undergraduates As Presi- dents OF Lutheran Higher Schools and Theological Professors Academies SO Colleges 9 Normal Schools 8 Theological Professors 12 1 1 Birkelo. P. C ..1894-97 7 1 . . . .Ellestad, N. J 1871 3 2 . . Kildahl, J. N . . 1879 4 3 . . Preus, C. K . . 1873 5 4 . . . . . .Stub, H. G 1866 6 5 .. .... Ylvisaker, S. J. N . . . . 1895 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT Oscar L. Olson I. Looking Backward 1. Scholarship AS time passes, we perceive more and more clearly the signifi- . cance of the work done by the founders of Luther College. The men who took the lead in founding the College were univer- sity men from Norway. They possessed ripe scholarship, broad culture, great earnestness, and high ideals. In their native land bright prospects lay before them, but they gave up every pros- pect of personal distinction in order to cross the ocean and min- ister to the spiritual needs of their countrymen who had emigrated to America and were living a pioneer life in what we now call the Middle West. It was fortunate that the men who took the lead in founding the College were Christian men possessing the best education that the Old World could give, for they aimed to found an institution that should, so far as possible, give young men the same preparation for the study of theology that they themselves had received. As a result, Luther was from the beginning intended to be a full-fledged, standard college, and care was taken to secure professors of recognized ability. Thus the founders and early supporters of the College placed the institution on a high plane of scholarship and established a noble tradition, — a tradition that their successors have endeavored to maintain to this day, 2. Christian Spirit But the chief concern of the founders of the College was to establish an institution which, not only as regards scholarship, but especially as regards instruction in Christian doctrine and the maintenance of a Christian spirit, should prepare young men for the study of theology and subsequent service as ministers of thq Gospel in the Lutheran Church. A graded course in Christian- ity was therefore organized, beginning with the catechism and a small Bible history and concluding with The Augsburg Confes- sion, the New Testament in Greek, and a year's instruction in Hebrew, Avhich was intended principally as a preparation for theological study. As is also the case at present, chapel exercises RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 469 were held twice daily, morning and evening, and students were expected to attend regular church services. In addition, all in- struction was conducted in a Christian spirit ; and every teacher and advanced student knows from experience that the spirit in which the instruction in secular subjects is conducted is of the most far-reaching importance. It has therefore been the policy of the College to place men on the faculty who could be trusted to promote the religious aim of the institution. To promote Chris- tian faith, and reverence for the Word of God, has been regarded as a matter of prime importance. In harmony with this purpose. Soli Deo Gloria (To God alone the glory) was selected as the motto of the College, and on each October fourteenth these words blaze forth in electric lights from the tower of the main build- ing; while the seal of the College, which is imprinted on the dip- loma of every graduate, contains these words: Verbum Dei Manet in Aeternum (The Word of God endures forever). In this re- spect the founders of the College established a noble principle, which is also maintained to this day. The Bible, as the inspired Word of God, is the foundation of all the instruction at the Col- lege. It is honored and revered, and the inculcation of its doc- trines is regarded as the sine qua non of a sound education. The College has thus far fulfilled the aim of its founders to a gratifying extent. This is shown by the fact that 362 of the graduates (including 8 foreign missionaries) have taken up the study of theology after completing the college course, and 194 students have become ministers without having completed the college course. Thus 556 students who have attended Luther have taken up the study of theology after having completed the course in whole or in part. 3. Appreciation of the Work of the Founders and Supporters In the light of the achievements of the past sixty years, who will say that Luther College has not rendered worthy service to church and state and amply rewarded the efforts of its founders and supporters.^ All honor to the men who made Luther College possible and have maintained it through these many years. It is touching to read about the early sacrifices that were made for the up-building of the College. It is inspiring to contemplate the unceasing and unselfish efforts of President Larsen and Presi- dent Preus and members of the faculty and other friends in be- half of the College. May their memory never grow dim. May what they did for the College never fail of appreciation at its true value. 470 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS THE BRANDT HOME RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 471 4. Appreciation of the Work of the Women What the women have done for Luther College is a very im- portant chapter in the history of the institution. None have held Luther College in higher esteem than have the women of our Church. None have been more desirous of having their sons at- tend Luther than have the women. Many a graduate of Luther would never have attended the College had it not been for his mother; while there is no way of calculating the number of dol- lars that have come to the College through the influence of the women. In their work for Luther^ as in many another field, the women have been glad to achieve results without special recogni- tion of their service. MRS. DIDERIKKE BRANDT There are, however, certain features of the work of our women for the College that are of such a nature that it is possible to single them out for special mention. No other person connected with the College in its entire history has gained the affection of the students to a greater extent than did Mrs. Diderikke Brandt in the years 1865-82. She organized the women of the local Lu- theran congregation into a society that met regularly to mend the clothes of the students. Slie kept open house for the students in the parsonage (now the president's residence), and practical- ly all the students of the time enjoyed her hospitality. She did 472 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS what she could to provide the students entertainment at the Col- lege. In short, she was tireless in their behalf and did all that a mother could do for such a large group. Not until the out- break of the world war did the ladies' society organized by Mrs. Brandt cease to meet regularly to mend the students' clothes. The service they rendered in this manner, though humble and not always agreeable, would represent no small sum if computed in dollars and cents. But like all work of love, it was invaluable. MRS. LAUR. LARSEN The most noteworthy visible monument of their love for the College that the women have left on the campus is the heroic bronze statue of Dr. Martin Luther. It cost $2,547, which was collected in small sums from the women of the former Norwegian Lutheran Synod. They could not have made the College a more fitting gift. The statue, which is a replica of the statue at Worms, is a reminder to all who see it of the principles which were championed by the great reformer and for which Luther College stands today, as it has done from the beginning. Luther College values the good-will of its women friends, and has no fear of the future so long as it has their hearty support. RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 473 5. Conclusion Much more could be said about important features of the Col- lege as they have been manifested in the years that are past. But this whole volume of "Luther College through Sixty Years" is principally a retrospect. The foregoing paragraphs are intended merely as an expression of appreciation of the efforts of those who have made Luther College what it is and have given it a his- tory that we should cherish as a priceless heritage. • MRS. C, K. PREUS II. Looking Forward 1. The Course of Study Luther College has a large field of prospective usefulness. The College was founded to serve the Lutheran Church, particularly by giving young men the proper preparation for the study of theology ; and as the field to be served by the Lutheran Church grows in extent, so also will the field to be served by the College grow in extent. The College has never measured its usefulness by the number of students in attendance. It has rather measured its usefulness by the number of well equipped workers that it has been able to prepare for service in the church. At no time have well trained workers in the Lutheran Church been more needed than at present. We need ministers who have the best training 474 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS that a well organized college of our time can give. There are many people who possess some degree of higher education, and effective work among well educated people can best be done by well educated ministers. The education of a minister should not,, as a rule, be inferior to that of the well educated men and women of his congregation. Furthermore, a minister must be prepared to meet many kinds of opposition. The life of Christ and the lives of the Apostle Paul and the great reformer Luther show how necessary it is for a minister to be able to meet successfully well trained opponents. A minister should, if possible, be a scholar; for scholarship of the right kind is a powerful aid to a minister who is zealous to protect his flock and extend the king- dom of God. It has been, and is, the aim of Luther College to provide the best possible training for the study of theology and subsequent service in the Christian ministry. This training is the training that is received in pursuing a well planned classical course. The value of knowledge of the classics for a student of theology is maintained by too many authorities in our day, as in the past, to be seriously questioned. No man ever had a better opportunity than did Martin Luther to discover the value of a classical training for a Christian minister, and Luther was an ar- dent advocate of the study of the classical languages as a prep- aration for thorough study of the Word of God. It is true that many men without a classical education do well as ministers of the Gospel; but young men who seek a college education as a preparation for the study of theology should be given the best preparation that can be devised. They should re- ceive an education that will enable them to study the Bible in the original languages ; that will enable them to consult the best theo- logical works in Latin and in modern languages ; that will, in short, enable them to be original investigators and independent thinkers in the important field of theology. Such an education is to be had in a classical course that takes proper cognizance of the social and natural sciences, mathematics, and the language or languages in which prospective ministers will be called upon to preach to their congregations. It should therefore be the fixed policy of Luther College to maintain the classical course. But not all who attend the College will plan to enter the min- istry. Some will plan to enter other learned professions. These can all be accommodated, as at present, by a limited but judicious system of electives. Thus, on the basis of a classical course — or, rather, as a part of such course — a student may prepare to meet the requirements for a state teacher's certificate without examin- RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 475 ation, for doing graduate work in such subjects as fall within the scope of the course, for taking up the study of some profession aside from teaching, or for entering directly one of the many occupations open to a person of good character and trained in- tellect. It is good for our Church that our congregations contain men who are leaders in the community and have that understanding of our Church that comes from an education received in our own institutions. Fortunately, the best general training for any pro- fession is the training received in pursuing a well planned classical course. Fortunately, this fact is also to-day being emphasized by leading lawyers, physicians, theologians, engineers, and men in other occupations, who have learned by experience what a classical education is worth. There need be no hesitation, therefore, in advising young men to devote themselves whole-heartedly to the pursuit of classical studies. 2. Nezv Buildings The College should not aim, only to maintain a well balanced classical course; it should also aim to maintain a high degree of excellence in the work done in all the subjects that it offers, so that it may enjoy full recognition as a first class American col- lege. It is not a multiplicity of courses that secures recognition. Recognition is secured by excellent work done in whatever stand- ard courses may be offered; and it is obvious that with the re- sources at our command better work can be done in a limited field than in a more extensive field. But in order that good work may be done in all subjects, it is essential that the College possess good physical equipment and a good faculty. Physical equip- ment includes buildings, library, laboratories, and instruments and paraphernalia of various kinds. In addition to the buildings al- ready on the campus, several other buildings are urgently needed. The accommodations for the study of physics, chemistry, biology, and psychology are inadequate. More room must be provided for the instruction in these subjects if they are to occupy worthily the place assigned them in the course as it is now constituted. A well equipped science building is therefore one of the needs of the College. The department of music should receive more attention, and better facilities should be afforded for the study of music in its various branches. An ideal, which cannot be attained but which there should be an endeavor to approximate, is that every student should receive some voice culture, should take part in some chorus 476 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS singing, and should learn to play some musical instrument. A knowledge of music, which is the most beautiful of the fine arts, which produces pleasure of the most refined nature, and is of great practical value to the minister of the Gospel, should as far as possible be acquired by every college student. Gratifying re- sults have been achieved in the Luther College Concert Band, the chorus, and the rendering of great oratorios ; but better facilities should be provided for instruction in music. An important step toward providing such facilities is the erection of a music hall. A music hall is therefore another of the buildings needed at the College. In conjunction with the music hall, a new chapel should be provided. The present chapel is a very serviceable room, but it THE CAMPUS IN WINTER has fixed seats for only 240 people. It is therefore already too small. The proposed chapel could very well be combined with the music hall, and should provide an auditorium with seats for about 600 people. Thus in one building accommodations could be provided both for a music hall and for a chapel and auditorium. Fully as urgent as the need of the two buildings just men- tioned is the need of a new gymnasium. A part of the present gymnasium, which is a frame structure, was built thirty-five years ago and the remainder of the building was built nineteen years ago. It has been used both as a gymnasium and an auditorium^ but it is no longer satisfactory for either purpose. A new gym- nasium is an imperative need. Besides the usual equipment, the gymnasium should have a spectators' gallery with a seating cap- acity of at least 500. The gymnasium could be so constructed that a large platform could be provided at one end and open floor space for about 1,800 chairs. Thus the gymnasium could be used as an auditorium with seats for about 2,300 people. Its use as an RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 477 auditorium would be required only on special occasions as the the chapel would furnish a sufficiently large auditorium for or- dinary purposes. At the present rate of increase in attendance, more dormi- tory room will soon be needed; and probably before any other building is erected, the need of a new dormitory will be urgent. The general sentiment among the alumni is that the first build- ing to be erected on the campus should be a new gymnasium. But no permanent building should be erected on the campus that is not well built — in harmony, for instance, with Koren Library — and designed to meet requirements for a considerable time to come. It is both more satisfactory and less expensive in the long run to build substantial, well planned structures than to erect buildings that soon fail to meet requirements but are too good to be replaced. THE CAMPUS IN WINTER 3. The Attendance The number and size of buildings to be erected, together with the amount of equipment of various sorts to be provided, depend largely upon the size of the attendance. According to a statement made in the "Bulletin of the Association of American Colleges" for May, 1921, "an equipment and staff adequate to an efficient college can handle about 500 students." This statement is based upon a careful investigation of the matter. It should therefore be the policy of the College to plan for an attendance of about 500. A number of well known colleges have found it necessary to limit their attendance to such numbers as can be accommodate(^ with the equipment in buildings, laboratories, etc., which they possess. Considering the size of the faculty that an attendance of 500 students would require, in addition to the new buildings and 478 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS other equipment needed to accommodate that number of students, it seems wise not to plan for a larger attendance at Luther Col- lege than about 500. 4. The Library and the Museum It is hardly necessary to state that the library, the museum. the science laboratories, and other equipment should be made as complete and serviceable as means will permit. The College has an excellent library of about 29,000 bound volumes and between 8,000 and 10,000 pamphlets and unbound books. The plan ac- cording to which the library should be developed is well set forth in the following statement made by Prof. Karl T. Jacobsen, li- brarian: "In the future development of the library greatest stress should undoubtedly continue to be placed on obtaining material most directly needed in the various courses, so that the library may become even more than at present the workshop of students and instructors. The gaps in the reference library should be filled and this made more comprehensive; our collection of Lu- theran literature should be made more complete; the Norwegian and Norwegian-American collection should be made as exhaustiv as possible; more emphasis might to advantage be. la'd on collect- ing material on local history and history of the Middle West; and last, but not least, the organization already referred to should go forward as fast as circumstances will allowj not only that the re sources of the library may be made better available, but also that the students may become better acquainted with belter bibliograph- ical tools and get a better insight into the methods of independent research." In order to carry out this program, additions to the library should be made as rapidly as available funds will permit. The museum should not be a curiosity shop ; it should serve a distinct educational purpose. It should especially illustrate the pioneer life of Norwegian immigrants in this country. The debt we owe them can never be repaid ; but we can honor them and re- ceive encouragement from their lives by properly preserving and displaying objects which they cherished and found useful in their day, and by collecting and preserving books and other printed matter from which they drew knowledge and inspiration for their daily work. While a very good beginning for a museum has been made, there still remain great possibilities for collecting valuable objects which otherwise may be lost to posterity. RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 479 5. Music, Public Speaking, and Physical Training Music, public speaking, and physical training are important features of a well organized college. The ideal in music has al- ready been stated in the paragraph that sets forth the necessity of a music hall at the College. In public speaking, the ideal is that every college graduate should possess the ability to address an audience in an agreeable and effective manner. In physical training, the ideal is to develop in every student a healthy, well- proportioned physique. The departments concerned with these features of college life should be organized so as to approximate the ideals as nearly as possible. In athletics, success in intercollegiate contests should not be over-emphasized; it should be subordinated to the chief aim in physical training, while all improper and dishonest practices which are prone to creep into college athletics should be rigidly excluded. Honesty and fairness have been the watchwords of our participation in athletic contests in the past. They should continue to be so in the future. 6. A College for Men Owing to the fact that "the chief aim of the College is to provide a liberal and thorough education for young men who in- tend later to enter the ministry," Luther College has from the beginning been a college for men. The aim of the College has not been changed. It never should be changed. Therefore Lu- ther College should continue to be a college for men. This does not imply opposition to the higher education of women; other provisions have been made, and additional provisions can be made, for giving our young women a college education. But the College can more readily be held to its distinctive aim if no provision has to be made for a class of students who are not eligible to the min- istry in the Lutheran Church. Furthermore, if we are to plan for an attendance of about 500, it is quite probable that at no distant date a full attendance will be secured; and considering the chief aim of the College, it is preferable that the attendance should consist as largely as possible of students who may, upon graduation, continue their studies at Luther Theological Seminary. 7. The Field The field of the College throughout its history of more than sixty years has been that of the whole church body to which it belongs. The College has at no time cultivated a local constitu- ency. Its students have come from many states, and its alumni 480 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS are found from New York to San Francisco, though they are principally located in the great Northwest, where the bulk of the people of Norwegian extraction in this country reside. The field of the College should continue to be co-extensive with the field of the Church. There is ample room in this field for all our col- leges to grow and thrive. There need be no unseemly rivalry among them. Let them all be free to extend their influence as far as possible. Each college has its individual characteristics. Luther stands alone in our Church as a college for men, and this fact precludes the idea of its being regarded as a local institu- tion. Furthermore, its course is so organized that all its graduates have received a training designed to prepare them particularly for the study of theology. The College should therefore be free to draw from all quarters of our Church and should continue to receive the support of the Church as a whole. 8. The Faculty Luther College has a good faculty. Had the members of the faculty been seeking personal advancement, a number of them might now be holding positions that are more lucrative, and that most people regard as much more desirable, than a professorship at Luther. But they have remained loyal to the College and its cause. The College can hardly hope to be able at any time to offer its professors such salaries as they might receive elsewhere. Nevertheless, there is good reason to believe that in the future, no less than at present and in the past, men of scholarship and ability will be willing to serve on our faculty for less compensa- tion than they might receive elsewhere. Too much stress cannot be laid on the value of a good faculty. From every point of view, a good faculty is of prime importance to the College. It is the faculty, more than any other feature of a college, that makes a col- lege good, bad, or indifferent. The faculty should consist of Chris- tian men who are zealous to promote the work of the Lutheran Church and are willing to bow in all things to the Word of God. It should consist of men of recognized scholarship, whose services other institutions would be glad to secure. It should consist of men possessing ability to teach and the ability to exert a distinct influence on their students. And it should consist of men who can work in harmony and thus render the most efficient service. 9. Endowment The value of our schools to the Church is beyond calculation, but it requires considerable annual expense to maintain them. In RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 481 order to lighten the burden of this annual expense a systematic attempt should be made to raise adequate endowment funds. Lu- ther College has an endowment fund of a quarter of a million dollars^ but this fund should be increased. Wittenberg Col- lege in Ohio has recently raised an endowment fund of more than $2,000,000. In like manner the endowment fund of Luther Col- lege should be increased as soon as practicable. The education of our youth should continue, whether times happen to be good or bad; and Luther College should not unnecessarily be depend- ent on, temporary financial conditions. It should, if possible, be placed in a position where it can continue unhampered to educate young men who plan to enter the Christian ministry or other posi- tions of service and influence in our Church. The only practic- able method of doing this is to increase the present endowment fund. The endowment must not, however, become the means of detaching the College from the Church. The College must re- main, as at present, in close organic connection with the Church and under its control. So long as this is the case, there is small danger that the College will pursue a course at variance with the purpose of its founders. It would probably be well both for the Church and for the College that the College should always be de- pendent to some extent on annual appropriations by the Church. This would be a constant reminder to all concerned that the Col- lege is expected to serve the Church. 10. Financial Secretary The College should have a financial secretary who could de- vote his time to raising funds for the College. The plans for the College outlined in this chapter contemplate the raising of larger sums than our Church can be expected to include in the annual budgets. There are well-to-do people who would probably be willing to give very liberally in order to help the College realize its plans, if the matter were laid before them properly and they were made to see what a blessed and necessary work Luther Col- lege is doing for our Church. Such work as would devolve upon the financial secretary requires time, study, and the exercise of perseverance and good judgment. It cannot be done success- fully by a person who already has sufKcient to do. It requires the full time of one who is adapted to the work. The work that a good financial secretary can do will be of great value to the College and to the Church. Such a secretary should be appointed without delay. 482 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS 11. The Preparatory Department The Preparatory Department should be retained. It is one of the very few preparatory schools that are supported by our Church as a whole. Such support makes it possible to offer a course of study that meets our ideas of what a preparatory school for young men should be. The trend of sentiment in our Church seems to be away from establishing more secondary schools. In fact, there is some sentiment for abolishing such schools in the Church altogether. But to eliminate all such schools in our Church would be very unwise. There should be at least a few such schools of superior quality in order to accommodate those of our people who desire to make use of them. The Preparatory Department of Luther College is just such a school of superior quality. It has a very able corps of instructors. It offers a substantial course of study, in which there are some electives, but in which English, algebra, plane geometry, general history, American history, music, physics or chemistry, Christianity, Nor- wegian, and at least two years of Latin are required. To gradu- ate from this course requires diligent application, and no course is what it should be unless it requires hard work. Furthermore, such a course under our own control enables us both to keep per- nicious influences out of the class room and to make proper regu- lations for the conduct of the pupils. At Luther, dancing and card-playing are forbidden, church attendance is encouraged, at- tendance at chapel exercises twice daily is required; and at chapel exercises many a Christian truth is impressed upon the minds of the pupils which otherwise might all too seldom be brought to their attention. In short, at the very impressionable age at which pupils attend a preparatory school, they are sur- rounded by distinctly Christian influences. An education consists not only of class room instruction. It consists of everything that moulds the character of the pupils, that trains them mentally and physically, and that fixes the principles on which their thoughts and actions in life will be based. The Preparatory Department at Luther is particularly desir- able as a feeder for the Freshman class of the College. The class- ical course, such as is maintained at Luther, is not popular; but it is invaluable for the general education that it affords and es- pecially as a preparation for the study of theology. This course must be maintained at all hazards, and one assurance that it can be maintained is the fact that the College is in a position to offer the proper preparation for such a course. To be sure, it costs RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 483 the Church something to maintain the Preparatory Department, but not so much as one might think. The income from the Pre- paratory Department in 1921-22 was about $8,577.00, which offsets to a considerable extent the cost of maintaining the de- partment. We should not place ourselves in a position where our colleges are wholly dependent on preparatory schools over which our Church has no control. In pursuing a policy of dis- continuing our church schools, it is surely the part of wisdom to observe the Latin adage Festina lente (Make haste slowly). In "College Chips" for October, 1921, p. 285, Dr. O. M. Norlie makes a statement, which is pertinent in this connection and is quoted here with a slight change in the statistics: "The 12,000 public high schools of the United States, with up to 25,000 Norwegian boys every year, gave the Norwegian Church during the period 1843-1915 only 38 of their graduates. Many of these boys were sons of pastors, on account of which they were headed for the theological seminary in spite of the high school influence. Others were in other ways prevailed on to take up the study of theology. Luther College Preparatory De- piirtment has supplied the Church with 447 pastors. It has, with only a small handful of students, done about 12 times as much as the 12,000 public high schools have done together. It would take 150,000 high schools to equal the work of Luther Col- lege Preparatory Department." 12. Conclusion Finally, let it be repeated that "The chief aim of the College is to provide a liberal and thorough education for young men who intend later to enter the ministry," and this aim must re- main unchanged. The attendance should be maintained at a point that will cause the advantages that it offers to be used to the full- est extent. Unceasing efforts should be made to assist the stu- dents to realize what a glorious life it is to live for Christ and labor in His vineyard, so that as many as possible of the students may, upon graduation, continue their studies at Luther Theologic- al Seminary. If graduates of Luther, which offers a course that is planned as a preparation for the study of theology, do not enter our seminary in sufficient numbers, the outlook for our Church is not so bright as it might be. Let us make Luther Col- lege as good a college, if possible, as any college of its kind in the land; let us provide it with equipment that meets every reason- able requirement ; let us plan to maintain a faculty that will com- 484 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS mand respect in educational circles. But let us never neglect to maintain the College as a distinctively Christian college, where the spirit of Christ is the all-pervading spirit, and where the Word of God is the Alpha and Omega in all the instruction and in the thought and conduct of the faculty and students. If we do this, we may confidently ask our people to give Luther College their hearty support; for we shall have done much to assist the College to fulfill its mission. Verhuvi Dei Manet in Aeternum. Soli Deo Gloria. THE LUTHER STATUE BIBLIOGRAPHY (Abbreviations: Pp. — pages; Illus — il- lustrations; A. P. H. — Augsburg Publish- ing House, Minneapolis, Minn.; L. P. H. — Lutheran Publishing House, Decorah, Iowa.) f. DEALING ONLY OR CHIEFLY WITH LUTHER COLLEGE 1. Unpublished Source Material. Minutes of the Luther College Board of Trustees. Minutes of the Luther College Faculty. Records of the Treasurer of Luther Col- lege. Records of the Librarian of Luther Col- lege, Records of the Student Organizations at Luther College. 2. Catalogs, Bulletins, and Pamphlets Luther College. "Catalog of Luther Col- lege, 1882-1922." [Ed. by Laur. Lar- sen and othersl. Annuilly, in Eng- lish, illus. (1882: 22 pp.; 1892: 40 pp.; 1902: 57 pp.; 1922: 156 pp.) Luther College. "Katalog for Det Nor- ske Luther College, 1861-1872." [Ed. by Laur. Larsen ] 46 pp., illus. Luther College "Katalog for Det Norske Luther College, 1885-1905." [Ed. by Laur. Larsen and others]. Annually, in Norwegian, illus. (1885: 29 pp.; 1895: 40 pp.; 1905: 53 pp.) "Luther College Bulletin, 1921-1922". [Ed. by O. L. Olson, B. J. Hovde, and C. W. Strom]. Quarterly, illus. 1921, No. 1, Preus, C. K.. and Tingel- stad, O A. "Luther College and Its Aim". 4 pp. No. 2, "Luther College Catalog for 1920-1921" [Ed. by O. L. Olson and others]. 144 pp. No. .3, Ellis, A. C. "The Money Value of Education " 12 pp. No. 4, "Sixtieth Anniversary Number". 16 pp. 1922, No. 1, Olson, 0. L. "Looking For- ward after Sixty Years". 15 pp. No. 2, "Luther College Catalog for 1921- 1922" [Ed by O. L. Olson, and others]. 156 pp. Olson, 0.scar Ludvig (1872—). "Luther College". Pamphlet, 32 pp., 35 illus. L. P. H , 1902. Preus, Christian Keyser (1852-1921). "I hvilken retning og mod hvilket maal b0r Luther College udvikles for bedst at tjene Synoden?" Pamphlet, 45 pp. L. P. H., 1904. Preus, Christian Keyser (1852-1921), et al. "Preparatory Department, Luther Col- lege, 1921-22". Pamphlet, 6 pp. 7 illus. Posten Press, Decorah, la., 1921. Rovelstad, Adolph Marius (1881- — ). "The Educational Position of the Classics". 10 pp. L. P. H. 1918. 3. History and Biography Bothne, Gisle (I860—). "Det Norske Lu- ther College, 1861-1897". Cloth, 472 pp , 63 illus. L. P. H., 1897. Tingelstad, Oscar Adolf (1882—), and Norlie, Olaf Morgan (1876—). "Chris- tian Keyser Preus, 1852-1921". Cloth, 406 pp., 55 illus. A. P. H., 1922. Tingelstad, Oscar Adolf (1882 — ), Preus, Johan Carl K. (1881 — ), and Moldstad, Johannes A. (1874 — ). "Norgesfaerden, 1914". Cloth, 430 pp., 567 illus. Gal- braith Printing Co., Chicago, 111., 1914. Ylvisaker, Johan Thorbj0rn (1858-1890). "The Norwegian Luther College, Deco- rah, Iowa : An Outline of Its History from 1861 to 1890". Published for the dedication of the reconstructed college building, Oct. 14, 1890. Cloth, 68 pp., 40 illus. L. P. H., 1890. 4. Fiction Str0mme, Peer O. (1856-1921). "Hvorledes Halvor blev pi'est". Cloth, 220 pp. L. P. H., 1898. 5. Student Annuals "Luther College Semi-Centennial, 1861- 1911". [Pub. by the Class of 1912, E. Peterson, editor in chief.] 248 pp. 203 illus. Homestead Co., Des Moines. 1911. "The Pioneer, 1920". [Pub. by the Class of 1921, O G. Malmin and E. S. Eid, editors.] 223 pp. 383 illus. A. P. H. 1920. 6. Student Periodicals "College Cliips. Pub. by the Students of Luther College, 1884-1922." First ed- itor in chief, E. 0. Hove. Monthly during the school year. 39 v. of 136 to 172 pp., each, illus. L. P. H. 1884-1922. "Ervingen. Et kvartalskrift udg. av elev- erne ved Luther College". 1908-1913. First editor in chief, Finn Magelssen. 6 V. of 192 pp., each. L. P. H. 1908-1913. "Luther College Campus News, 1921- 1922." A. C. Paulson, editor. Weekly 20 nos., of 2 to 4 pp., each. Luther College Press (G. C. Henriksen), De- corah, Iowa, 1921-1922. 485 486 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS II. DEALING INCIDENTALLY WITH LUTHER COLLEGE 1. Synodical Reports Norwegian Synod. "Beretning om Synodem0de[r (Distrikts og Faelles- m0der) ] av Synoden i'or Den Norske Ev. Luth. Kiike i Amerika, 1853- 1916". L. P. H., 1853-1916. (Includes Annual report of the President of Luther College, resolutions, etc.) Norwegian Lutheran Church of Amer- ica "Beretning om Hauges Synodes 72de Aarsm0de, Den Norske Synodes 32te Ordentlige Synodem0de. Den For- enede Kirkes 28de Aarsm0de — samt Organisationsm0det for Den Norsk Lutherske Kirke i Amerika...." 751 pp. A. P. H.. 1917. (Includes An- nual report of the President of the College, resolutions, etc ) Norwegian Lutheran Church of America. "Beretning om Den Norsk Lutherske Kirkes . . . f£elles- [og distrikts] m0ter, 1918-1922." A. P. H., 1918-1922. (Includes annual reports of the Pres- ident of Luther College, the Board of Education; resolutions, etc.) 2. Miscellaneous Books Aasgaard, Johan Arnd (1876—). "St. Olaf College 25 Year Souvenir", 1899. Anderson, Rasmus B.i0rn (1846 — "). "Life Story of Rasmus B. Anderson". Cloth, 697 pp., 1 illus., (Luther College, 34- 70). Amerika, Madison, Wis., 1915. Anderson and Goodwin. "Standard His- torical Atlas of Winneshiek Co., la " Cloth. Anderson and Goodwin Co. Davenport, la., 1905. Babcock, Kendric Charles (1864—). "The Scandinavian Element in the United States". Cloth, 223 pp. University of Illinois, Urbana, 111 , 1914. Bailey, Edwin C. (1859—). "Past a^id Present of Winneshiek Co., la." A rec- ord of settlement, organization, pro- gi'ess, and achievement. 2 volumes. Cloth, 934 pp. Illus. (Luther College, I, 132-184). S. J. Clarke Pub. Co., Chicago, 111., 1913. Bergh, Johan Arndt (1847— V "Den norsk- lutherske kirkes historic i Amerika". Cloth, 528 pp. (Luther College, 193- 195). A. P. H., 1914. Dau, W. H. T. (1866— V "Ebenezer". 75 years of Missouri Synod. (S. C. Ylvisaker: "The Missouri Synod and the Norwegians", 264-277.") Concordia Pub. House, St. Louis, Mo., 1922. Fonkalsrud, Alfred O. (1874—). "The Scandinavian-American". Cloth, 167 pp. ("Schools", 113-119). K. C Hotter Pub. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.', 1915. Gjerset, Knut (1864— "). "A History of the Norwegian People". 2 volumes. Cloth, 1133 pp., 155 illus. (Luther Col- lege, II, 610). Macmillan, New York, N. Y., 1915. Halvorsen, Halvor (1845-1921). "Festskrift til Den Norske Synodes Jubilaeum, 1853-1903". Cloth, 456 pp , 48 illus. (Lu- ther College, 139-144). L. P. H., 1903. Heggtvedt, Hallvard G. (1850—). "Illu- streret kirkehistorie, med et tillaeg om norske kirkeforholde i Amerika". Cloth, 903 pp. Illus. (Thrond Bothne: "Til- ing", 815-903. Luther College, 860-865). Knut Takla, Chicago, 111., 1898. Helland, Andreas A. (1870 — ). "Augsburg Seminar gjennem femti aar". Cloth, 482 pp., 31 illus. (Luther College, 30- 32^. Folkebladet Pub. Co., 1920. Jacobs, Henry Eyster (1844 — ), and Haas, John A. W. (1862—). "The Lutheran Encyclopedia". Cloth, 572 pp. (Luther College, 121). Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, N. Y., 1905. Jacobs, Heni-y Eyster (1844 — ). "A His- tory of the Evangelical Lutheran Qiurch in the United States". Cloth, 539 pp. (Luther College, 500-501). Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, N. Y., 1893. Johnson, J. S. "Minnesota, En kortfattet historic av nordmsendenes bebyggelse av staten, deres gj0remaal, forenin- ger og livsvilkaar", med avsnit om Den norske kirkes historie, i anledning Minnesotas deltagelse i Norges jubi- hEumsudstilling, 1914. Cloth, 326 pp., 31 illus. (H. G. Stub: "Synoden for Den norsk. ev. luth. kirke", 183-218). Koren, Ulrik Vilhelm (1826-1910). "Samle- de skrifter", 4 volumes, (edited by Paul Koren). (Vol. II, "Tale ved ind- vielsen af den nye tilbygning til Det norske Luther College", 2den dec. 1874, 342-352. Vol. IV, "Tale ved Luther College", 164-170. "Til indvielsen af det gjenopbvggede Luther College", 171-172). L. P. H., 1912. Larsen, Laur. (1833-1915). "Synodalhaand- bog". Paper, 69 pp. (Luther College, 23-24). L. P. H., 1901. Lenker, John Nicholas (1858 — ). "Luther- ans in All Lands". Cloth, 842 pp., 560 illus. (Luther College, 815). (Lutherans in All Lands Co., Milwaukee, Wis.) Luther Press, Minneapolis, Minn., 1896. Malmin, Rasmus (1865 — ). "John Nathan Kildahl: En mindebok". Cloth, 347 pp., 35 illus. (C. M. Weswig: "Barndoms- og ungdomsaar", 20-33. I. B. Torrison : "Kildahl ved Luther College", 105-124. J. N. Kildahl: "Luther College of To- morrow", 257-259). A. P. H., 1921. Molee, Elias (1845—). "Molee's Wan- dering, an Autobiography ", 1919. (Luther College, 71-102). Tacoma, Wa«h. BIBLIOGRAPHY 487 Nelson, N. "History of the Scandina- vians and Successful Scandinavians in the United States". 2 volumes. Vol. I. "Minnesota", 643 pp., illus. (Joh. Hal- vorson : "Historical Review of the Nor- wegian Sj'nod", 183-196). Vol. II. "Iowa and Wisconsin", 498 pp., illus. (An- drew Estrem: "Historical Review of Luther College", 23-37). O. N. Nelson Co., Minneapolis, Minn., 1897. Neve, Juergen Ludwig (1865 — ). "A Brief History of the Lutheran Church in America". Cloth, 469 pp. (Luther Col- lege, 890, 410, 412-413). German Lit- erary Board, Burlington, Iowa, 1916. Nilsson, Svein (1823-1908). "Billed Maga- zin", 1868-1870. (Luther College, 1868, 9-19). V. W. Suckow, Madison, Wis., 1868-70. Norlie, Olaf Morgan (1876—). "Den for- enede norsk lutherske kirke i Ame- rika". Art covers, 100 pp., 69 illus. (Luther College, 49, S8, 99). A. P. H., 1914. Norlie, Olaf Morgan (1870—). "The Unit- ed Church Home Missions", Cloth, 200 pp., 68 illus. (Luther College, lOG, 127). A. P. H., 1909. Norlfe, Olaf Morgan (187S— ), et al. "Norsk lutherske prester i Amerika, 1843-1915". Cloth, 693 pp., 1882 illus. (Story of Norwegian Lutheran pastors, with sketches of synods, schools, in- cluding Luther College). A. P. H., 1915. Ottesen, Jakob Aall (1825-1904). "Uddrag af Synodens historic". L. P. H., 1893. Rolfsen, Nordahl (1848—). "Boken om Norge", 5 volumes. Vol. V. "Norge i Amerika". Cloth, 578 pp., illus. (J. N. Kildahl: "Kirke og skole", 329-337; L. S. Swenson : "Dr. Laur. Larsen", 337- 344). Jacob Dybwad, Christiania, Nor- way, 1915. Sparks, Jared, and BaileJ^ Ansel K. (1835- 1909). "History of Winneshiek Co., la." 1870. Stensrud, Edward Martinus (1866 — ). "The Lutheran Church and California". Cloth, 281 pp., 308 illus. (Luther Col- lege, 86-87). E. M. Stensrud, San Fran- cisco, Cal., 1916. Sundby-Hansen, Harry. "Norwegian Im- migrant Contributions to America's Making". Paper, 172 pp. (Gisle Bothne: "Church and Education", Luther Col- lege, 87-97). New York, 1921. "Symra; et skrift for norske paa begge sider av havet. Redigert av Kristian Prestgard, Jobs. B. Wist Knut Gjerset P. J. Eikeland. 1905- 1914 " 10 V. Symra Compnnv, Decorah, la. 1905-1914. (Includes: P. J. Eikeland. Thrond Bothne som Iserer, 1908, pp. 10-24; L. S. Swenson Prof. Dr. Laur Larsen, 1909, pp. 190- 196; Ola A. Solheim. Luther College 1910, pp. 217-238.) Ulvestad, Martin. "Nordmsendene i Ame- rika: deres historic og rekord". Cloth, 871 pp. (Luther College, 77, 467-468). History Book Co., Minneapolis, Minn., 1907. Ulvestad, Martin. "Norge i Amerika med kart". Cloth, 624 pp., 1 illus. (Luther College, 604). Norge i Amerika Pub. Co , Minneapolis, Minn., 1901. U. S. Bureau of Educition. "Report of the Commissioner of Education. 1867- 1921". Govt. Print. Office. Washing- ton, D. C. 1807-1921. Annual re- port, usually in 2 volumes. (Includes report on Luther College.) U. S. Bureau of Education. "State High- er Educational Institutions of Iowa. A report to the Iowa State Board of Education of a survey made under the direction of the Commissioner of Education." (Its Bulletin, 1916, No. 19.) 228 pp. Govt. Print. Office, Washington, D. C, 1910. (Luther College, p. 217.) Wist, Johannes B. (1804 — ). "Norsk-ame- rikanernes festskrift, 1014". Cloth, 352 pp., 88 illus. (M. K. Bleken: "De norsk-amerikanske skoler", 245-265). Symra Co., Decorah, la, 1914. 3. Church Annuals "Evangelisk-luthersk folkekalender, 1876- 1917". [Udg. af Laur. Larsen, M. Fr. Wiese, o. a.] L. P. H , 1876-1917. (Contains announcement of work of Luther College, etc.) "Folkekalender, 1917-1922. Redigert av E. Kr. Johnsen". A. P. H., 1917-22. "Lutheran Almanac, 1917-1922. Ed. by K. A. Kasberg". A. P. H., 1917-22. "The Lutheran World Almanac and An- nual Encyclopedia for 1921. Comp. and Ed., by the Statistical and Year Book Committee of the National Lu- theran Council: Rev. O. M Norlie.., Editor, Rev. G. L. Kieffer, Associate Editor". 968 pp. 136 illus. National Lutheran Council, New York, 1921. (Luther College, pp 226-313.) 4. Church Papers Particularly: "Kirkelig Maanedstidende", 1859-1874. "Evangelisk Luthersk Kirketidende", 1874-1917. "Luthersk Skoleblad", 1881-1882. "Lutheran Herald". 1906-1917. "Pacific Herold", 1891-1917. "Lutheraneren", 1917-1922. "Lutheran Church Herald", 1917-1922. "Teologisk Tidsskrift", 1917-1922. "Budbaereren", 1917-1922. 5. Secular Papers Particularly: "Decorah Journal". "Decorah Public Opinion". "Decorah Republican". "Decorah-Posten". "Amerika". "Minneapolis Tidende". "Normanden". "Reform". "Skandinaven". "Visergutten". CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY 1821 — Norwegian immigration into the United States began, under the influence of Cleng Peerson, pathfinder. 1843 — C. L. Clausen was ordained, October 18, to become Lutheran pastor at Muskego, Wis., the first of the pastors who later formed the "Norwegian Synod". 1853 — The "Norwegian Synod" was organized October 3, at Luther Val- ley, Wis., by 38 congregations and 7 pastors: C. L. Clausen, H. A. Stub, A. C. Preus, H. A. Preus, N. Brandt, G. Dietrlchson, and J. A. Ottesen. A. C. Preus was the first president (1853-1862). 1857 — The Synod resolved to gather a "University fund'' for the establish- ment of an institution to supply the need of Lutheran ministers; the Synod likewise resolved to establish a Norwegian professor- ship at Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, Mo., of the German Mis- souri Synod. 1859 — Rev. Laur Larsen entered upon his duties as professor at Concor- dia Seminary as the representative of the "Norwegian Synod", Oc- tober 14. 1861 — The Synod resolved, in June, to locate Luther College at Decorah, Iowa, on a 32-acre campus bought by Rev. V. Koren. — Luther College began its work at Halfway Creek parsonage, near La Crosse, Wis., September 1, with two teachers. Rev. Laur. Larsen, president, and Rev. F. A. Schmidt, and an initial enrollment of 11 students, later increased to 16. 1862 — Luther College began its second year, September 8, in the Otis Building (now the St. Cloud Hotel), Decorah, Iowa. — H. A. Preus became the second president of the "Norwegian Synod" (1862-1894). 1864 — The corner-stone of the Main Building was laid on the Luther Col- lege campus, June 30. 1865 — ^"The Norwegian Luther College" was incorporated in the state of Iowa, February 1. — A Normal Department was organized in addi- tion to the six-year classical curriculum. — The Main Building was dedicated, October 14, in the presence of 6,000 people. 1867 — Prof. G. H. Landmark became the first (part-time) librarian at Luther College. 1868 — The enrollment passed the 100-mark for the first time, being 106 in the school year 1868-1869. 1871 — To provide more dormitory space, the present Museum Building (the "Chicken Coop") was remodeled (built in 1865). 1874 — The south wing was added to the Main Building. — The enrollment exceeded 200 for the first time, being 229 in the school year 1874- 1875.— St. Olaf's School (now St. Olaf College) was founded at Northfield, Minn., as the first of many daughter institutions. 1876 — The "Norwegian Synod" established its own theological seminary, Luther Seminary, at Madison, Wis. — Dr. A. C. Smith became the first college physician at Luther College. 1880 — The Luther College Alumni Association was organized. 1881 — The six-year curriculum was increased to seven years. 1884 — "College Chips", student publication, was first issued. 488 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY 489 1886 — The Normal Department was discontinued. — Tlie iirst gymnasium was built, 1886-1887. 1887 — The predestination controversy split the "Norwegian Synod". The enrollment at Luther College fell to 118 in the school year 1887-1888. 1889 — The Main Building was destroyed by fire, May 19. — The organization of the Preparatory Department, to comprise the first three of the seven years, was authorized. — Lutheran Normal School was estab- lished at Sioux Falls, S. Dak., to carry on the work of the former Normal Department at Luther College. 1890 — The new Main Building was dedicated, October 14. — Prof. H. W. Sheel became the first principal of the Preparatory Department. 1891 — The music pavilion was built; it served till 1912. — Intercollegiate athletics were introduced. 1894 — V. Koren became the third president of the "Norwegian Synod" (1894-1910). 1896 — The students organized the Luther College Boarding Club. 1897— Prof. G. Bothne published his "Luther College, 1861-1897", a history of Luther College in the Norwegian language. 1899 — The college hospital was erected, the gift of Hon. John A. Johnson of Madison, Wis. — The library was recataloged, and classified ac- cording to the Dewey decimal system. 1901 — The college electric light plant was installed by the Alumni Associa- tion. 1902 — President Laur. Larsen, after 41 years of service, was succeeded by Prof. C. K. Preus as president. 1903 — The fiftieth anniversary of the "Norwegian Synod" was celebrated at Luther College; the gymnasium was tripled in size to furnish an auditorium. — The alumni list passed the 400-mark. 1904 — Intercollegiate debating was introduced. 1905 — The curriculum was lengthened to eight years. 1906 — A "literary course" in the two upper years introduced the principle of electives. 1907 — Laur. Larsen Hall was dedicated, October 13, to serve as dormitory for the Preparatory Depai-tment and to house the laboratories and the music department. 1910^The remodeling of the campus was begun according to the plans of Jens Jensen of Chicago. — Dr. H. G. Stub became the fourth president of the "Norwegian Synod" by the death of Dr. Koren on December 19. 1911 — Dr. Laur. Larsen retired from teaching in his fiftieth year at Luther College. — On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the College, friends presented an endowment fund of $250,000, and pastors' wives the Luther statue. The Alumni Association added eight acres to the campus. — The curriculum was remodeled to provide for electives without abandoning the classical foundation. 1913 — The Bang collection was secured for the library, and the Koren parsonage of 1853 was added to the museum. — A new band stand was built. 1914 — The Luther College Concert Band toured Norway and other European countries on the occasion of the one-hundredth anniver- sary of the independence of Norway. — The office of registrar was established. 1915 — Dr. Laur. Larsen died March 1. — The Luther College Concert Band played at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Fran- cisco, Cal. — Dr. K. Gjerset published his "History of the Norwegian People" in two volumes. 490 LUTHER COLLEGE THROUGH SIXTY YEARS 1916 — Loyalty Hall, dining hall, was built at the initiative of the students; the college hospital was enlarged, and a college nurse appointed for the first time. 1917 — By the union of three Norwegian Lutheran church bodies, Luther College became the property of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America. — Luther College graduated 87, the largest class in the history of the institution; but the World War reduced the enroll- ment to 130 in the school year 1917-1918. 1918 — The curriculum was reorganized to comprise nine years, four in the College Department, three in the Senior High School, and two in the Junior High School. — The Students' Army Training Corps was established. 1919 — The Reserve Officers' Training Corps was established and conducted till January, 1920. — The oSices of dean of men and physical director were established. — The Alumni Association made its second addi- tion to the college campus. — The reorganization of the library ac- ' cording to the Library of Congress system of classification was begun. 1920 — Karl T. Jacobsen was appointed full-time librarian, succeeding Prof. Chr. A. Naeseth. 192i_President C. K. Preus died May 28, 1921.— Dr. Oscar L. Olson filled the vacancy as acting president. — Koren Memorial Library was dedicated, October 14, at the celebration of the sixtieth anniversary of the College. — The alumni list passed the 800-mark. — The enroll- ment reached 272 in the school year 1921-1922, of which number 185 in the College Department. — The Luther College faculty, numbering 21 members, undertook to publish a history of the College in 21 chapters, "Luther College through Sixty Years." INDEX Aaberg, Herman; 235, 323, 351, 431, 447. Aaberg, Joseph; 248,325,421. Aaberg, O. H. ; 208, 435, 447. Aaberg, Theodore; 244, 414, 435, 447. Aaby, A. O. ; 243, 325, 420. Aadnesen, A. ; 60. Aaker, A. O. ; 229, 403, 404. Aaker, C. U. ; 234, 323, 416, 426, 432. Aaker, H. H. ; 216, 447. Aaker, J. T. ; 224, 322, 421, 447. Aaker, L. K. ; 61. Aal, E. J.; 241, 326, 327, 414, 435. Aamodt, O. M.; 250, 324, 421, 431. Aanestad, C. W. ; 239, 435. Aanestad, O. H. ; 242, 324, 326, 418 Aarnes, S. H. ; 225, 411, 435. Aas, C. C. ; 207, 435. Aase, L. R. ; 217, 447. Aasen, A. O. ; 225, 435. Aasen, C. H. ; 234, 447. Aaseth, E. A.; 232, 340. Aasgaard, J. A.; 410. Aastad, I. T. ; 60, 225, 435, 466. Academies; 44, 45, 46, 197, 200, 262, 390- 391, 482. Academy Conference; 38, 86, 87, 334, 348, 360, 364. Acting President ; see President, Acting. Accreditation; 79, 142, 173, 273, 274, 308, 394. Adams, Mrs. W. C. ; 92. Addison (society); 309, 312-313, 315. Administration; 51, 52, 53-56, 72, 76, 78, 79, 178, 181, 264, 265, 307. Admission, Terms of; see Entrance require- ments. Advertising ; see Publicity. Aga, L. J.; 211, 447. Agriculture (subject of study) ; 273, 283. Aid for students; see Student aid. Aims and ideals; 15, 22, 23, 24-27, 28, 29, 31, 41, 42, 46, 47, 48, 53, 64, 70, 71, 12, 76, 79, 173, 184, 201, 266, 275, 276, 283, 359, 360, 361, 383, 384, 385, 388- 389, 391, 409, 433, 434, 469, 473, 474, 475, 479, 483, 484. Akre, J. J.; 221, 436. Akre, O. J.; 223, 336, 342, 412, 436, 447. Albert Lea Luther College Club; 431. Albion Academy; 391. Alfsen, A. O.; 205, 411, 436. Allen, Hans; 215, 367, 420, 436, 447. Allison, W. B.; 263. Alumni; 47, 202, 203, 204-258, 266, 308, 398, 408, 411-432. Alumni, Occupations and professions of; 45, 47, 411-423, 433-467, 474-475. Alumni Association; 78, 150, 153, 266, 392, 405, 406, 407, 427-430, 431. Alumni clubs; 266, 429, 430-432. Alumni magazine; 428. Amicitia (society) ; 315. "Amicitiae opera"; 315. Amphictyonic (society); 309, 310, 315, 317, 363. Amundson, A. C. ; 210, 421, 425. Amundson, A. H. ; 248, 414, 436. Amundson, H. E. ; 220, 421. Andersen, A. C. ; 209, 436. Andersen, A. P.; 248, 414, 436. Andersen, J. N. ; 223, 436, 447, 457. Anderson,' A. ; 61. Anderson, A. A. ; 60. Anderson, A. B.; 206, 436. Anderson, A. J.; 215, 436. Anderson, A. O. ; 231, 340, 420. Anderson, Carl A.; 249, 324, 337', 341 342 343, 345, 348. Anderson, Christian; 226, 322 342 368 376, 412, 436, 447, 457. Anderson, Conrad A.; 244, 349, 420, 431. Anderson, Ingvald ; see Kampen, Ingvald Anderson, Isaac; 221, 321, 416, 431, 447. Anderson, M. H.; 250, Z27, 34l', 342, 343' Anderson, M. K. ; 254, 337, 343, 348. Anderson, Martin, 234, 436, 447. Anderson, N. ; 60. Anderson, O. P.; 63. Anderson, P. B. ; 60. Anderson, R. B.; 205, 415, 416, 424 425 Anderson, R. E. ; 255, 324, 326. Anderson, Sivert ; 206, 421. Andresen, Johannes; 63. Andrews, Si. O. ; 243, 324, 326, 414, 436. Anglo-Saxon (subject of study) ; 135, 137 272, 287, 288, 289. Annuals; 319, 326. Anundsen, B. ; 172. Apelset, J. A.; 224,' 447. Apland, M. O. ; 232, 323, 421, 447. .Appointment of professors; see Faculty — Appointment of members. Arch at entrance; 77, 87, 150, 152. Architecture; 148, 151, 156. Arlington Hotel; 146. Armory; 353. Arneson, A. H. ; 247, 419, 447. Arneson, Theresse E. ; see Hovde, Mrs. B. Art objects; 166, 167. Arvesen, Nils; 215, 436. Askegaard, A. C. ; 247, 416. Askegaard, A. D. ; 247, 345, 411. Askevold, Bernt; 63, 213, 436, 447, 457 Aslaksen, Ole ; 60. Aspelund, Joseph; 231, 323, 421, 426. Astrup, Ingeborg; see Larsen, Mrs. Laur. (Ingeborg Astryp). Astrup, Johannes; ^26, 412, 436, 457, 467. Athenian (society); 315. Athletic Association; 155, 314, 320, 329-331 332. Athletic Board; 330. Athletic conferences; 331, 353. Athletic Director; see Physical Director Athletic dues; 329, 330. Athletics; 155, 303, 307, 328-353, 359-360, 479. Athletics and Military Drill, Chapter on 328-360. Atlantic Luthfer College Club; 430, 431. Attendance; Chapter on 202-258; Other references 18, 26, 32, 53, 55, 68 77 78, 142, 175, 188, 196, 197, 198, 201, 382, 389, 392, 397, 473, 477-478, 483 Aubol, C. O.; 216, 411, 436, 447 457 Aubolee, M. O.; 219, 318, 321, 416 426 Auditorium; 149, 394, 476, 477. ' Augsburg Confession (subject of study) • 28, 33, 34, 35, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136 137, 138, 140, 272, 284, 285, 468. 491 Augsburg Seminary; 391. Augustana College and Normal School ; 32, 196, 197, 410. Augustana College and Seminary, Paxton, 111.; 391. Austin, C. M.; 24S, 436. Austin, O. G.; 241, 324, 325, 326, 414, 436. Austvold, E. 13.; 229, 421, 436. Baalson, A. G. ; 252. Baalson, E. A.; 246, 414, 436.' Baalson, G. A.; 246. 418 Baalson, H. E. ; 235, 323, 327, 414, 436. Baccalaureate Sunday; 37. Backerud, M. B.'; 239, 323, 416, 436, 447. Bakery; 144, 145, 154. Bakke, J. P.; 220, 336. Bakke, M. B. ; 250, 326 Bakke, N. J.; 210, 361, 363, 364, 376, 421, 436, 447. Bakke, P. H.; 221, 421, 426, 444. Bakke, W. A.; 246, 349. Bale, C. E.; 231, 323, 352, 417, 424, 447, 457. Bale, J. E.; 211, 436. Ballestad, E. T. ; 222, 436. Band- 74. 11, 134, 135, 136, 155, 299. 365, 366-368, '370, '371-375, 376 378 398, 399, 400, 402, 403, 404, 406, 407, 409, 476* Band, Director of; 134, 135, 136, 137, 36/, 368, 370, 372, 375, 376. Band stand; 148, 154. Band tours; see Concert tours. Ban|'Ubrfry';^?!'l59. 160, 163, 402, 431. Barn; 144, 145. Baseball; 141, 149, 152, 303, 328, 332, 333, 334-341. Diamond, picture of; 332. Games; 338-339. Teams, pictures of, 334, 33b, iil. Teams, roster of; 336, 340-341 Basketball; 86, 141, UO, 303, 331, 333, 334, 344, 348. Games; 346-347. Teams, pictures of; 344, 345, 348. Teams, roster of; 344-345, 348. Bassoe, P. F. ; 64. Baths and lavatories; 143, 145, 147. Beito, G. G.; 92, 220, 412, 436. Belgum, A. H.; 237, 414, 436. Belgum, E. S. ; 237, 414, 436. Bell; 145. ^ ,^^ Belsheim, O. G. ; 217, 436, 457. Berg, J. H.; 231, 436. Berg, N. I.; 223, 412, 436. Berg, O. H.; 208, 447. Bergan, C. A.; 255, 337, 341. Bergan, K. W. ; 246, 324, 418. Berge, N. B.; 205, 436. Berge, O. A.; 221, 436. Bergee, Theodor; 239, 436. Bergh, Axel; 234, 327, 414, 436. Bergh, Hallvard A.; 210, 318, 416. Bergh, J. E.; 205, 415, 421, 436. Bergh K. E.; 50, 60, 61, 9i, 101, 132, 133, 205, 287, 290, 298, 299; 447. Bergh family (K. E. Bergh) ; 93. Bergman, Fredrik ; 215, 411, 436. Bergman, H. A.; 232, 323, 416, 426. Bergum, A. E.; 250, 325, 326, 411. Berntsen, B.; 63. Berntson, Palmer, 229, 340. Berthelsen, H. P.; 225, 436. Berven, S. K. ; 231, 414, 436. Bestul, C. B.; 223, 322, 412, 436. Beyer, O. B. N. ; 217, 436. Bible; 11, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 41. 42, 44, 71, 383, 384, 388, 389, 400, 401, 406, 409, 469, 474, 480. Bible (subject of study); 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 269, 271, 281, 284, 285, 468. Bibliography; 82, 456-466, 485-487. Bidne, M. L. ; 254, 348. Bilingual transition; 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37, 46, 47, 52, 69, 267, 282, 310, 319, 396. Bingo Glee Club ; 363. Bi6rn, L. M. ; 59. Biology (subject of study) ; Id, 106, 109, 112, 123, 138, 140, 272, 273, 282, 283, 306. 307. Biology laboratory; 78, 152, 180, 283. Birkelo, C. C. ; 89, 93, 101, 138, 140, 239, 326, 353, 416, 426, 447. Birkelo, C. P.; 243, 324, 327, 418. Birkelo, P. C. ; 230, 342, 436, 447, 467. Birkelo family (C. C. Birkelo); 93. Bjafnason, Jon; 89, 93, 101, 133. Bjarnason family; 93. Bjerke, A. O. ; 231, 342, 436, 457. Bjorgaas, J. J.; 213, 421, 436. Biorgo, Knut K. ; 60, 206, 318, 411, 436, 447, 466. BiSrgo, P. G. A.; 239, 326, 421. Bjorgo, Victor B. ; 245, 326. Bjdrgo, C. W. W. ; 237, 344, 416, 426. Blakkan. I. J.; 223. 321. 412, 436. Blegen, PI. A. H. ; 220, 417, 436. Bleken, M. K. ; 34, 35, 36, 54, 62, 87, 89, 93, 101, 137, 138, 168. Bleken family; 93. Blicher. Peter; 231, 414, 436. Blilie, J. A.; 210, 363, 411, 432, 436. Bly, H. S. ; 246, 436. Board, Cost of; 173, 178, 320. Boarding Club; 53, 63, 173, 314, 320. Bode Academy; 391. Boe, L. W. ; 62, 410. Boe, O. T. ; 226, 414, 436. Boe, Ole; 91, 9(>, 125, 138, 329. Bockman, M. O. ; 410. Boe, N. N. ; 60, 220, 416, 436, 458, 466. Bdrresen, E. N. ; 60. Bogstad, R. R. ; 220, 321, 436, 447, 458. Boice, Vera L. ; 92. Bolstad, W. L. ; 257, 350. Borge, D. J.; 238, 327, 414, 432, 436. Borge, M. O. ; 59, 61, 209. 436, 447. 466. Borge. Olaf; 232. 323, 414, 436, 448. Borgen, Edward; 210, 420, 436. Borgen, T. E. ; 252, 337, 341. Borlaug, A. O. ; 243, 324, 325. 414. 436. Borlaug, M. J.; 60. Borreson, B. H. ; 233, 340. Botany (subject of study); 269, 271, 283. Bothne, Carl; 216, 321, 336, 421. Bothne, E. A.; 222, 321, 322, 335, 336, 341, 342, 416, 426. Bothne. Gisle; 62. 83-84, 89, 93, 102, 131, 133, 134, 135. 136, 137. 138, 215, 386, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 299, 300, 301, 351, 353, 392, 417, 424, 428, 448, 458. Bothne, Gisle. Det Norske Luther College, 1861-1897; 28, 102, 131, 179, 283, 433. Bothne, J. G. D. ; 214, 411, 428, 436, 458. Bothne, Thrond; 34, 35, 83, 89, 93, 102, 133, 134, 392. Bothne family; 84, 93. Bottolfson, E. O.; 252, 325, 337, 341. Boxrud, Chr.; 62. Boxrud, R. H. ; 62. Boyd, E. A.; 230, 322, 323, 412, 432, 436, 448. Braafladt, L. H. ; 237, 323, 417, 426, 436, 448, 467. 492 Braaten, S. O. ; 214, 411, 436, 458. Briikke, D. B. ; 223, 336. Bi-akke, L. B. ; 255, 343, 348. Brandt, Chr. ; 91, 96, 126, 353. Brandt, Mrs. Diderikke (Mrs. N. O. Brandt) ; 93, 470, 471-472. Brandt, J. A.; 214, 420. Brandt, N. O. ; 13, 15, 21, 24, 32, 34, 35, 36, 57, 59, 60, 61, 63, 88, 89, 93, 99, 102, 132, 133, 134, 145, 185, 186, 284, 286, 299, 363, 387. Brandt O. E.; 62, 212, 400, 401, 417, 425, 436, 448. Brandt, R. D. ; 255, 325. Brandt, R. O. ; 210, 363, 365, 411, 428, 436, 458. Brandt, W. I.; 246, 327, 353, 418, 425, 448, 458. Brandt family (N. O. Brandt) ; 93, 470. Brandt parsonage; 145, 149, 470, 471. Brauer, Prof.; 21, 388. Brauer, Julius; 230, 421. Brecke, O. E. ; 214, 336, 420. Breda, O. J.; 62, 89, 93, 103, 133, 134, 162, 353. Breda family; 93. Bredesen, Adolf; 34, 35, 89, 93, 103, 133, 134, 206, 421, 431, 436, 448, 458. Bredesen, Alfred; 235, 327, 351, 414, 436. Bredesen family (Adolf Bredesen) ; 93. Bredvold, J. L. ; 239, 323, 327. Breidablik (society); 312. Breivik, G. I.; 221, 436, 458. Brekke, E. A.; 231, 340, 416, 426. Brendal, T. M. ; 238, 416, 424, 426. Brevig, M. L. ; 245, 324, 420. Brevig, O. L. ; 224, 322, 421, 436. Brevig, S. B. ; 225, 322, 370, 420, 436, 448. Brevig. T. L. ; 211, 436, 467. Britson, J. E. ; 239, 340. Broin, Ole J.; 172. Bronstad, A. L. ; 249, 331, 340, 341, 345, 419, 448. Brorby, Joseph; 92, 1, 82, 83. 84, 85, 99-130, 203, 205- 255, 424-427. Degrees, Honorary; 67, 425, 427. Demosthenian (society); 316. Denominational colleges; 260, 261, 262, 263. Departments; 24, 26, 54, 82, 131, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 155, 264, 268, 269, 271, 274, 282-307. Didactics (subject of study); 33, 107, 116, 134, 269, 284. Dietrichson, G. ; 13, 60. Dietrichson, J. W. C. ; 12. Dining hall ;' 78, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 154, 320, 382, 394. Diploma; 412. Directors, Board of; 51, 62. Disciplinarian; 53, 54, 72, 87, 101. Discipline; 39, 49, S3, 54, '55, 58, 71, 71, 265, 266, 270, 358, 367, 482. Distribution of work; 131-141, 306, 307. Doving, Carl: 226, 322. 412, 437, 458. Dohlen, H. O. ; 247, 353, 418. Dolen, N. B. ; 251, 325, 411. Dolven, A. O. ; 221, 437. Dormitories; 17, Tl . 142, 143, 144 145, 147, 175. 382, 394, 477; see also Laur. Larsen Hall. Dorrum, Ingebret; 238, 323, 417, 424, 448, 458. Doseff, Ivan; 91, 96, 126, 139. 303, 307, 329, 333, 334, 343, 348, 350. Downie, Mrs. Ruth ; 92, 376. Dramatic Club; 313. Drawing; 135, 137, 140, 272. Drawing Club; 316. Dreng, J. O. ; 92, 97, 136, 233, Hi, 414, 437. Driggs House; 148. 155. Drotning, Alvin ; 229, 323. Drotning, Ferdinand: 235, 323. Drotning, T. M. ; 92. 97, 137, 238, 350, 351, 376, 417, 432, 448. Drum Corps ; 376. Duckstad, J. H. ; 255, 343. Dugway; 320. Dunning Springs ; 308. Eastern Wisconsin Luther College Club ; 432. Eastvold, C. J.; 60. Economics (subject of study) ; 76, 105, 121, 135, 140, 272, 273, 285-286, 306, 307. Edda (society); 311, 312, 313, 318. Eddaen, B. S. ; 251, 420, 445. Eden, M. P.; 222, 411, 437. Education; 260-263, 267, 268. Education (subject of study) ; 30, 33, 36, 76, 84, 85, 106, 113, 115, 122, 124, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 272, 273, 286, 287, 304, 305, 306, 307. Education, Board of; 51, 52, 62, 76, 82, 264, 406, 410. Education, Cost of; 198. Edwards, Ejorn; 145, 209. Edwards, Gunder ; 60, 62. Eger, Olaf; 233, 342, 414, 432, 437. Egge, A. E. ; 212, 421, 424, 425, 428, 448, 459. Egge, J. I.; 222, 437. Egge Log House; 78, 154, 167. Eggen, Thore N. ; 63, 212, 416, 437, 448, 459, 467. Eid, E. S. ; 251, 319, 324. 326, 327, 342, 419. Eidahl, K. O. ; 207, 437, 459. Eielsen, Elling ; 11, 463. Eielsen Synod; 195. Eight-year course; 76, 83, 267, 269, 272, 394. Eikeland, P. J.; 62, 213, 416, 424, 444, 448, 459. Eiken, A. T. ; 214, 367. Eittreim, Almira M. ; 307. Eittreim, K. O. ; 34, 35, 61, 63, 89, 93, 103, 139, 140, 170, 285, 299, 303, 306, 307, 319. Eittreim, O. M. ; 89, 93, 104, 139, 140, 141 177, 284, 290. 291, 299, 304, 306, 307. Eittreim family; 93. Ekfelt, Odd; 240, 326, 327, 344, 416. 426, 467. Electives; 1(>, 134, 198, 261, 267, 272, 273, 278, 279, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 361, 394. 396, 474, 482. Electric light plant; ISO, 158, 429. Electrician; 55, 63, 104. Ellefsen, E. ; 60. Ellenson, Hans; see Allen, Hans. Ellestad, N. J.; 206, 361, 421, 437, 466, 467. Ellickson, Frank; 231, 322. Ellingson, A. R. ; 251, 324, 341, 349, 420. Ellingson, Bergit ; 170. Ellingson, E. A.; 255, 337, 341. Ellison, E. O.; 243, 323. 325. Elms, Lane of; 53, 78, 152, 153. _ Elocution ; see Forensics, Public Speaking. Elvehjem, O. M. ; 246, 325, 418, 448. Elvestrom, V. A.; 252, 343. Endowment Fund; 11, 120. 158, 170, 172. 173, 174, 176, 178, 394-395, 481. Endowments; 56, 11, 120. 158, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 178, 394-395, 428, 480-481. Engebretson, A. A.; 220, 348. Engh, Hagbart; 211, 411, 437, 448, '459. Engineer; 55, 63. English (subject of study): 86, 92, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104. 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 124, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 267, 269, 271, 272. 273, 281, 282, 287, 288, 289, 290, 306, 307. Enrollment ; see Attendance. Ensrud, J. O. E. ; 241, 326, 414, 437. Entrance requirements; 58, 280-281, 282. Equipment; 55, 56, 57, 78, 79, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, ISO, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 158, 382, 383, 392, 393, 408, 475, 476, 477, 478, 483. Erdahl, G. M. ; 205, 415, 421, 437. Erickson, A. C. ; 431. Erickson, A. H. ; 252, HI, 343. Erickson, A. J.; 244, 340, 345. Erickson, Albert; 246, 418. Erickson, Arthur C. ; 242, 326. Erickson, Elmer; 245, 340. Erickson, J. Monroe; 246, 445. Erstad, A. T. ; 242, 325, 421, 427. Erstad, C. A.; 62, 214. 495 "Ervingen"; 319, 326. Estenson, Emil ; 243, 340, 344, 345, 417, 431, 444. Estrem, Andrew O. ; 89, 93, 104, 135, 219, 321, 417, 424, 425, 448, 459. Estrem, C. O. ; 233, 323, 416, 426, 432. Estrem, G. R. ; 238, 352, 414, 437. Estrem, H. W. ; 236, 352, 414, 437. Estrem, J. O. ; 219, 431. Estrem family (Andrew O. Estrem) ; 93. Ethun, R. L. ; 257, 337, 341. Evans, L. E. ; 246, 414, 437. Evanson, C. N. ; 89, 93, 104, 139, 140, 141, 246, 289, 295, 299, 306, 307, 324, 345, 361, 418, 448. Evanson family ; 93. Evenmoe, L. A. ; 254, 343. Evenson, Edwin; 212, 411. Evenson, G. A.; 89, 93, 104, 134, 213, 421, 424, 448. Evenson, Ouden ; 171. Evenson, Randine ; 171. Evenson family (G. A. Evenson) ; 93. Everson, C. S. E. ; 208, 437. Executive Educational Secretary; 52, 62. Expenditures; 68, 69, 77, 78, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 159, 177-182, 385, 394, 395, 429. Chapter on; 177-182. Expulsion; 55, 58. Faculty — Appointment of members; 50, 51, 52, 56, 58, 89, 90, 99. Chapter on; 88-141. Committees; 54, 56, 168, 264, 265. Meetings; 58, 265. Personal data of members; 92-98. Pictures; 88, 99, 131, 139, 248, 249. Professional data of members; 99-130. Removal of members; 58. Representation on Athletic Board ; 330. Salaries; 49, 51, 58, 172, 178, 179, 181, 480. Secretary; 82, 100, 116, 120, 265. Other references; 17, 18, 34, 35, 36, 39, 49, SO, 51, 53, 54, 55, 57, 69, 78, 79, 161, 171, 264-265, 357, 358, 398, 408, 468, 469, 480, 482, 483, 484. Faculty room; 147, 153. Fadness, N. G. ; 248, 342, 350. Fadness, N. L. ; 254, 324. Faegre, K. G. ; 160, 209, 411, 437. Fardal, N. E. ; 220, 421. Fardal, S. J.; 255, 337. Faye, C. U. ; 92, 97, 241, 327, 414, 437, 467. Felland, A. T. ; 237, 316, 323, 326, 327, 417, 448. Felland, O. G. ; 160, 208, 417, 437, 448. Ferkin, O. B. ; 239, 340. Field meets; 350-351. Field of Luther College; 70, 76, 77, 82, 184-201, 479-480. Chapter on; 184-201. Fiftieth anniversary; 77, 394, 395. Fiftieth anniversary of the Synod; 77, 150, 393, 413. Financial Secretary; 56, 264, 406, 481. Finseth, A. K. ; 60, 62. Finseth, K. A.; 219, 420, 426. Finseth, K. K. ; 60. Finseth, O. K. ; 60. Fire of 1889; 69, 161, 392, 428. Fire protection; 145, 149, 151. First five years ; 18, 19, 25, 26, 27, 53, 64, 68, 89, 90, 91, 132, 143, 174, 175, 180, 181, 182, 201, 203, 205-207, 258, 271, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 290, 292, 294, 295, 298, 299, 303, 304, 305, 310, 311, 382, 383, 386, 387, 389. First Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran . Congregation, Decorah ; 55, 66, 146, 171, 317, 377, 402, 471. Fisher, H. H. ; 91, 96, 126, 140, 141, 270, 356, 358, 374, 396. Fiskerbak, O. K. ; 214, 448. Fjeldstad, C. A.; 89, 93, 105, 137, 138, 140, 237, 323, 326, 416, 425, 426, 432, 448, 459. Fjeldstad, G. A.; 248, 325, 421. Fjeldstad, H. O. ; 219, 336, 412, 437, 448. Fieldstad, R. K. ; 218, 437, 459. Fieldstad family (C. A. Fjeldstad) ; 93. Flag; 398, 399, 403. Flag pole; 78, 155, 398, 399. Flag raising; 398, 399. Flaten, C. A.; 212, 437. Floren, S. L. ; 207, 421, 437. "Fluen"; 311, 318. F6rde, N. A.; 207, 361, 421, 437. Football; 141, 303, 328, 333, 334, 341, 342-343. _ Field, picture of; 330. Games; 342, 343, 407. Teams, pictures of; 341, 342, 343. Teams, roster of; 342, 343. Forde, G. O. ; 239, 323, 344, 414, 437, 448. Forensics; 86, 92, 100, 108, 110, 121, 123, 137, 141, 288, 290, 307, 310, 311, 313, 314, 315, 317-318, 326, 327, 331, 430, 479. Formula of Concord (subject of study) ; 133, 134. Forseth, P. C. ; 244, 326, 327, 414, 437. Fosen, A. O. ; 432. Fosmark, C. J.; 253, 343. Fosmark, J. O. ; 60, 61. Fosmark, N. B. ; 251, 326. Fosi-nark, O. N. ; 208, 421, 437, 459. Foss, A. M. ; 257, 337, 343, 348. Foss, C. L. ; 243, 325, 326, 340, 414, 437, 448. Foss, L. C. ; 60. Fossum, Andrew A.; 215, 417, 424, 425, 448, 459. Fossum, Anton; 210, 448. Foundation of Luther College, Chapter on ; 9-23. Founders and supporters; 9-23, 185, 186, 382, 383, 384, 469, 471-473. Fourteenth of October; IS, 20, 21, 38, 66, 77, 78, 147, 342, 365, 368, 387, 392, 395, 399, 400, 403, 406, 469. Franklin (society); 311, 312, 313. French (subject of study); 108, 113, 116, 119, 122, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 272, 273, 276, 290, 306, 307. Freshman year; 28, 271, 272, 273, 281, 282, 283, 2'84, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304. Fretheim, M. E. ; 236, 316, 323, 326, 327, 414, 437. Fretheim, S. J.; 239, 323, 327, 414, 437, 459. Erich, T. B.; 59, 60. Fries, J. F. ; 216, 420. Fries, L. A.; 236, 340, 420, 444. Fritz, C. A.; 240, 319, 326, 327, 417, 437, 448. Fryslie, B. ; 63. Fryslie, Benjamin; 217, 336, 421. Fuglebak, D. J.; 220, 437. 496 Fuglei, O. K. ; 219, 318, 321, 336, 420. Fug-lie, A. E. ; 233, 411, 427, 448. Fug-lie, M. R. ; 240, 340. Funds; 16, 24, 56, 58, 69, 11, 120, 145, 146, 148, 151, 154, 155, 158, 159, 160, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 264, 385, 386, 394, 395, 428. Funer, Kitil ; 171. Fylling, L. L. ; see Hammer, L. F. Gaard, Rasmus; 230, 340, 416, 426. Gaarder, Olaf; 241, 319, 326, 417. Gade, F. G. ; 410. Gale College; 197, 391. Games, B. H. ; 216, 321, 419. Gausta, H. N. ; 91, 96, 126, 135, 166, 211. General Education Board ; 308. Geographical summary of graduates ; 423- 424. Geography (subject of study) ; 100, 101, 102, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 140, 269, 271, 272, 273, 281, 290, 291, 294, 303, 306. Gerald, G. H. ; 231, 323, 420. German (subject of study); 100, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 122, 124, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 269, 271, 272, 273, 276, 281, 282, 291, 292, 306, 307, 396. German Speaking Association; 316. Gibbons, Joseph : 143. Giere, E. "O. ; 222, 448, 459. Giere, N. A.; 213, 437. Giere, N. O. ; 212, 411, 437. Gifts; (i9, 17, 78, 145, 146, 148, 150, 151, 153, 154, 155, 159, 160, 167, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 367, 368, 398, 404, 406, 409, 428, 429, 430, 431, 472. Gigstad, W. T. ; 245, 326, 345, 414, 437. Gilbert, W. I.; 234, 421. Gilbertson, Theodore; 245, 324, 326, 418. Gimmestad, L. M. ; 222, 321, 412, 425, ^ 437, 448. "Gjallarhorn" ; 318. 'Gjellum, E. S. ; 212, 421, 426. Gjergjord, H. O. ; 170, 171. Giergiord, Ingeborg; 171. Gjerset, Knut ; 62, 89, 93, 105, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 169, 288, 289, 294, 295, 301, 302, 306, 307, 317, 319, 329, 382. Gjerset family ; 93. Gjevre, A. H. ; 211, 411, 424, 437, 448, 459, 467. Glasoe, P. M. ; 226, 449, 460. Glasoe, Oluf ; 92, 97, 134, 215, 367, 375, 421, 437, 449, 459. Glee Club; 30, 155, 363, 368, 370, 372, Z16. Glenwood Academy; 391. Glesne, Ole; 63, 91, 96, 127, 140, 410. Gorder, L. W. ; 244, 324, 349, 420, 431, 444. Gordon, H. T. ; 251, 437. Gotaas; P. B. ; 207, 411, 437, 449. Government; 48-52, 55, 58, 481. Government and Administration, Chapter on; 48-63. Graduates ; see Alumni. Graduates, Chapter on; 411-432. Graduation requirements; 281, 282, 482. Grand Forks College; 391. "Grand Old Man"; 37, 64. Grandstand; 149, 151. Grangaard, H. O. ; 231, 340, 416, 426, 449. Granrud, J. E. ; 62, 89, 93, 105, 135, 136, 219, 297, 421, 424, 425, 449, 460. Granrud family ; 93. Granseth, Edwin; 243, 353. 497 Greek (subject of study) ; 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 101, 102, 103, 107, 108, 109, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 125, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 266, 269, 271, 272, 273, 278, 282, 292, "293, 306, 307, 384, 394. Greek Testament (subject of study) ; 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 35, 101, 122, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 272, 282, 284, 285, 292, 293, 468. Grefstad, O. K. ; 234, 420. Grefthen, E. A.; 245, 326, 327, 414, 437, 449. Grefthen, O. L. ; 233, 437. Greibrok, Aanon ; 245, 414, 437. Grevstad, E. C. B. ; 253, 325. Grimley, P. O. B. ; 243, 326, 327, 417, 449. Grinager, Alex. ; 167. Grinde, G. A.; 233, 340, 416, 426. Grinde, L. C. ; 239, 344. Grindeland, A. H. ; 62. Grindeland, Ingolf ; 244, 409. 410. Grindstuen, I. I.; 239, 417. Griswold house; 143, 146, 158. Gr6nlid, C. J. M. ; 209, 363, 421, 437. Gronsberg, O. N. ; 210, 411, 437, 449. Gronvold, O. C. ; 215, 367, 437. Gronlid, I. R. ; 251, 324, 326, 327, 343, 345, 419. Grose, I. F. ; 218, 321, 417, 424, 449. Grundesen, G. H. ; 222, 321, 322, 417, 444, 449. Grundy, A. C. ; 91, 96, 127, 140, 270, 356, 396. Gudmonson, O. M. ; 60. Gulbrandson, C. D. ; 243, 325, 340, 411. Gulbrandson, Vegger ; 62. Guldbrandsen, G. H. ; 235, 449. Guldbrandsen, Guldbrand ; 208, 437. Gullerud, S. O. M. ; 228, 437, 449. Gullikson, Oscar; 226, 421. Gullixon, G. A.; 220, 321, 336, 416, 437, 449, 460, 466. Gullixson, Andrew; 226, 322, 370, 416, 426. Gullixson, H. O.; 227, 323, 340, 421, 444, 449. Gullixson, T. F. ; 235, 323, 340, 414, 437. Gunderson, Severin ; 213, 347. Guttebo, K. L. ; 209, 437. Guttebo, L. S. ; 231, 414, 437. Guttebo, M. A.; 240, 340, 345. Guttebo, N. H. W. ; 239, 344, 352, 420. Gylstrom, Paul; 222, 348. Gymnasium; 69, 71, 78, 145, 146, 149, 150, 151, 152, 158, 161, 328, 329, 330, 331, 348, 355, 393, 394, 395, 406, 429, 476, 477. Gymnasium (Latin school) ; S3, 70, 83, 266, 267, 268, 278, 389. Gymnastic apparatus; 143, 145, 328, 348. Gymnastics; 92, 100, 105, 110, 114, 116, 119, 120, 125, 126, 135, 136, 137, 138, 145, 272, 303, 328, 329, 348, 355. H. A. Preus Academy ; see Albion Acad- emy. Haakon VII, king of Norway; 67, 74, 84, 410. Haatvedt, Bjorn ; see Edwards, Biorn. Haatvedt, L. A.; 224, 322, 412, 437. Haavik, E. C. ; 240, 437. Haavik, O. L. ; 241, 326, 327, 353, 414, 437, 449, 460. Hadland, O. P.; 213, 420. Haga, O. K. ; 63. Hagen, G. M. ; 2.51, 343. Hagen, S. N. ; 92, 97, 136, 229, 322, 417, 425, 449. Hagerup, N. ; 167. Hagestad, K. M. ; 227, 320, 322, 323, 340, 417, 424, 449. Hagoes, Owe; 226, 437. Halfway Creek Parsonage; 16, 17, 18, 25, 68, 142, 188, 382, 383. Hallan Legacy, Mr. and Mrs. O. C. John- son ; see Johnson Hallan Legacy, Mr. and Mrs. O. C. Halland, J. G. ; 34, 35, 89, 93, 105, 135, 217, 321, 329, 336, 420, 444, 449. Halland family; 93. Hallanger, C. M. ; 228, 320, 322, 323, 412, 437, 449, 460. Halls, C. B.; 237, 416, 426, 432. Hailstone, A. A.; 231, 420, 444. Halverson, M. W. ; 235, 414, 437. Halvorsen, H. ; 59, 60. Halvorsen, Hjalmar S. ; 236, 340, 351. Halvorsen, N. E. ; 226, 322, 412, 437. Halvorsen, A. O. ('08) ; 92, 97, 240, 323, 327, 417. Halvorson, A. O. ('10); 237, 319, 326, 416, 426. Halvorson, E. N. ; 245, 324, 414, 437, 449. Halvorson, Helmer ; 236, 352, 414, 437, 449. Halvorson, Johannes; 213, 411, 437,. 449, 460. Halvorson, N. O. ; 247, 325, 326, 419. Hamill (society) ; 315. Hammer, L. F. ; 230, 438. Hansen, C. M. ; 244, 326, 327, 340, 420, 425, 449. Hansen, Emil ; 233. 327, 414, 438. Hansen, H. Clarence; 242, 324, 340, 34S, 349, 421. Hansen, Harold; 246, 414, 438. Hansen, Harry J. ; 243, 345. Hansen, Helmer J. ; 245, 438. Hansen, Soren ; 215, 438. Hanson, A. O. ; 248, 349, 421. Hanson, Borger; 62. Hanson, G. A.; 233, 376, 414, 432, 438. Hanson, G. C. ; 239, 340, 421, 426. Hanson, Haldor; 36, 62, 89. 93, 106, 134, 135, 136, 137, 145, 150, 166, 167, 216, 299, 300, 363, 364, 366, 368, 370, 375, 376, 420, 449, 460. Hanson, J. C. M. ; 61, 62, 213, 401, 402, 416, 429, 444, 449. Hanson, T. G. ; 238, 340, 348, 349, 421. Hanson, T. T. ; 245, 324, 420. Hanson, K. O. ; 239, 323, 327, 417, 431. Hanson, N. B. ; 92, 91, 136, 227, 322, 323, 416, 426, 449. Hanson, S. A.; 240, 417. Hanson, T. O. ; 60, 215, 449. Hanson family (Haldor Hanson) ; 93. Hardanger bride; 167. Harding, W. L. ; 396. Haroldson, C. A.; 246, 349. Haroldson, J. R. ; 247, 349. Harstad, Biug; 60, 206, 416, 438, 449, 460, 466. Harstad, Ingvald ; 250, 340, 345. Harstad, O. A.; 222, 321. Harstad, O. B. ; 246, 325, 340, 345, 349, 418, 449. Harstad, S. G. ; 241, 340, 344, 417, 449. Hattrem, T. H. ; 209, 438. Haugan, A. C. ; 368, 371, 372. Haugan, H. G. ; 78, 368, 402. Hauge, A. E. ; 215, 438. Hauge, Hans Nielsen; 9, 11, 41. Hauge Synod; 51, 193. Haugen, C. E. ; 222, 321, 421, 449. Haugen, Clarence; 237, 414, 438. Haugen, D. T. ; 244, 421. Haugen, E. P.; 216, 367. Haugen, G. O. ; 91, 96, 127, 135. Haugen, T. A.; 92, 97, 238, 319, 326, 414, 438. Hawkeye Conference; 331. Heating; 142, 144, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 158. Hebrew (subject of study) ; 28, 29, 30, 36, 100, 107, 108, 113, 117, 118, 125, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 271, 272, 273, 293, 306, 394, 468. Hegg, E. R. ; 243, 345, 420. Hegg, G. ^.■, 235, 323, 414, 438. Hegg, J. E. ; 226, 323, 421, 438. Hegg, John; 60. Hegg, L. R. ; 256, 337, 343, 348. Hegg, Robert; 229, 422, 449. Hegge, Anton; 171. Heggtveit, C. O. ; 236, 327. Hegland, M. J.; 231, 323, 340, 416, 426. Hegland, M. N. ; 239, 449. Heie, J. J.; 213, 438. Heimdahl, O. E. ; 226, 322, 412, 438, 449, 460. Heimdal (glee club) ; 363. Hektoen, Ludvig; 160, 216, 417, 424, 425, 430. Hektoen, Martin; 225, 322, 422, 426. Helgeland, Peder ; 209, 334. 335. Helgeson, H. A.; 253, 326. Helgeson, Thore ; 59. Hellekson, O. C. ; 228, 414, 432, 438. Hellestvedt, J. A.; 209, 438. Hem, H. N. ; 239, 417. Hemma, O. T. ; 172. Henderson, E. A. ; 243, 438. Plenderson, Gvistav ; 244, 345. Hendrickson, Alfred; 92, 97, 236, 323, 414, 438. Hendrickson, P. A.; 60, 97, 209, 411, 438, 466. Henriksen, Geo., Jr.; 256, 319, 320, 325. 326. Henriksen, Geo., Sr. ; 227, 438. Henryson, T. T. ; 60. Hermundstad, Emil; 251, 324, 326, 419. Herseth, A. A.; 242, 323, 421, 449. Heskin, O. E. ; 253, 348. Hesla, Albert; 224, 449. Hestenes, J. M. ; 229, 414, 438. Hetaeria (society) ; 310. Hexom, C. P.; 91, 96, 127, 137, 235. Hexom, T. D. ; 231, 416, 426. Hexom, "W. T. ; 244, 414, 438. Heyer, H. A.; 215, 438. High Schools: 70, 76, 84, 85, 86, 87, 197, 198, 200, 262, 280. 281, 282. Highby, L. L; 256, 351. Hill, T. J.; n, 170, 394, 395. Hilleboe, H. S. ; 62, 85, 89, 93, 106, 138, 140, 141, 215, 283, 286, 302, 390, 417, 424, 444, 449, 450, 460. Hilleboe family; 85, 93. Hilmen, P. T. ; 207, 422, 438. Himle, A. L. ; 92, 134, 365. History (subject of studv~) ; 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 132, 133. 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 269, 271, 272, 273, 281, 282. 294, 295, 306, 317, 384, 478. Hjelle, A. E. ; 256, 350, 351. Hjelle, C. A.; 237, 340, 416, 426. Hjelle, O. S. ; 233, 340, 344, 350, 351, 420. Hjermstad, C. A.; 226, 322, 341, 342, 438. Hjermstad, C. F., Tr. ; 253, 324. Hjermstad, H. A. L. ; 231, 438, 460. Hjort, J. L. ; 217, 450, 460. Hjort, O. C. O.; 209, 438. Hjort, O. T.; 57, 61, 74, 387. Hoel, C. S. B.; 432. Hoel, O. H.; 211, 438. HofT, H. J.; 254, 341. Hoff, L. M. A.; 213, 411, 438. Hoff, P. B.; 246, 414, 438. Hoff, T. A.; 236, 316, 323, 326, 340, 414, 438, 450, 460. Hokaasen, Helga O. ; 172. Hokaasen, O. T. ; 239, 348, 349, 422, 425'. 498 Holden, O. M. ; 223, 422, 438. Holey, M. L. ; 226, 438. Holkesvik, J. A.; 237, 340, 420, 450. Holm, H. C; 59, 60, 410. Holseth, M. C. ; 209, 438, 450, 460. Holstad, Anders; 215, 422, 424. Holte, A. O. ; see Halvorson, A. O. ('08). Holter, A. M. ; 244, 421. Holum, J. O. ; 240, 323, 326, 327, 414. 438, 450. Homme, E. T. ; 205, 438, 450, 460. Homme, T. "O. ; 34, 89, 93, 106, 134, 212, 363, 411, 424, 438, 450, 460. Homme family (T. O. Homme) ; 93. Hong, N. J.; 228, 322, 417, 432, 450. Hook, C. E. : 254, 327, 351. Hopperstad, J. A. ; 432. Hornefjeld, A. E. ; 12. Hospital; 55, 78, 143, 149, 150, 155, 158, 175, 177, 265. Hougen, J. O. ; 211, 411, 438. Hougstad, Christian; 225, 322, 412, 438. Hours per week; 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 140, 141, 269, 271, 272, 273, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 329, 356, 358, 361, 396. Hov, I. S. ; 231, 417. Hovde, B. J.; 54, 56, 89. 93, 96, 106, 139. 140, 244, 295, 302, 306, 307, 324, 327, 418, 425, 431, 433, 450, 461. Hovde, Mrs. B. J.; 63, 91, 9i, 96, 125, 140, 375. Hovde, 'Brynjolf; 97, 205, 438, 450, 461, 467. Hovde, C. H. R. ; 234, 416, 426. Hovde, C. J. M.; 92, 93, 97, 222, 422, 438. Hovde, K. S. J.; 222, 438, 450. Hovde, R. L. ; 232, 411. Hovde family (B. T. Hovde) ; 93. Hovden, C. G. ; 253, 337, 343, 348. Hovden, E. S. ; 250, 337, 341, 345, 348. Hove, A. M. ; 213, 390, 420, 450. Hove, E. O. ; 34, 62, 63, 89, 93, 107, 136, 217, 284, 318, 321, 408, 417, 438, 451. Hove, E. W. ; 256, 353. Hove, O. M. ; 250, 431. Hove family (E. O. Hove); 93. Hoyme, A. H. ; 241, 438. Hoyme, Thrond; 212, 363, 367, 422, 444. Humla (glee club) ; 363. Huset, I. H. ; 216, 422. Hustvedt, H. B. ; 34, 59, 61, 62, 89, 93, 96, 107, 134, 135, 207, 411, 429, 438, 451, 461, 466. Hustvedt, Katherine; 92, 96, 376. Hustvedt, O. M.; 237, 323. Hustvedt, P. T. ; 235. 340, 419, 444. Hustvedt, S. B. ; 163, 233, 323, 417, 424, 425, 438. Hustvedt family (H. B. Hustvedt) ; 93. "Huttetu"; 18, 143. Huus, A. L. ; 216, 422, 438. Hvistendahl, C. M. ; 59. Idun (society) ; 316, 363. Idun Quartette; 361, 363. Illinois State University ; 24. Illumination; 22, 403, 469. Immigration from Norway; 9, 10, 12, 14, 21, 40, 41, 184, 185, 186, 192, 385. Important Events, Chapter on ; 382-397. Income; 170-176, 182, 483. Income, Chapter on; 170-176. Income from students; 170, 173, 175, 179, 182, 483. Income from synod; 170, 173, 174. Incorporation; 48, 49, 52, 56-57, 59, 263, 386-387. Indian relics ; 166. Indians; 353, 386. Indvik, I.; 63. Ingebrigtseri, I.; 60. Ingebrigtson, C. B. ; 228, 322, 438. Ingebrigtson, J. E. ; 220, 321, 422, 438. Ingebritson, Henry; 233, 414, 438. Ingvoldstad, W. B. ; 432. Instruction, Chapter on ; 275-308. Instruction, Cost of; 178, 181. Inter-Academy Conference; see Academy Conference. Inter-Mountain Luther College Club; 432. Intercollegiate Debating Association; 317. Iowa State Gymnastic Meet; 348, 349. Irving (society); 309, 313, 315, 317, 363. Isberg, Peder ; 209, 438. Iverslie, P. P.; 205, 451, 461. Iverson, Henry; 237, 417. Iverson, J. C. ; 252, 337, 341. Iverson, P. J.; 92, 97, 138, 239, 324, 327, 340, 348, 417, 425, 431. Taastad. E. L. ; 209, 438. Tacobsen, J. D. ; 18, 34, 35, 36, 60, 61, 62, 89, 93, 99, 107, 132, 133, 134, 160, 162, 206, 284, 287, 291, 292, 295, 299, 303, 438, 451. Tacobsen, K. T. ; 34, 36, 62, 89, 93, 108, 137, 139, 140, 155, 159, 162, 163, 232, 307, 399, 416, 424, 451, 478. Jacobsen, Mrs. K. T. ; 93, 163. Jacobsen family; 93. Jacobson, Axel; 60, 87, 96, 219, 336, 451, 467. Jacobson, D. G. ; 62, 229, 323, 417, 432, 438, 451. Jacobson, I. C. ; 247, 420, 451. Jacobson, J. N. ; 220, 467. Jacobson, Nils; 60. Jacobson, P. B. ; 250, 325. Jahr, Olav; 228, 322, 370, 422, 424. Jahr, Torstein; 163, 228, 322, 416, 427 432. Jahren, J. H. ; 218, 422, 438, 451. Janitor; 55, 63. ■jargo, R. A.; 247, 341, 420. Jensen, C. M. ; see Gronlid, C. J. M. Jensen, Jens; 77. Jensen, L. P.; 215, 438, 451. Jensen, N. E. S. ; 59. Jensen, A. O. ; see White, A. O. Jenson, Andrew; 60, 62, 429. Jenson, C. A.; 241, 420. Jenson, C. T. ; 246, 340, 432, 438. Jenson, J. C. ; 228, 340, 416, 426. Jenson, O. H. ; 240, 324, 352, 353, 422. Jerde, O. I.; 241, 340, 344, 345, 349, 417. Jerdee, J. C. ; 240, 340, 348, 438. Jerdee, L. J.; 213, 411, 438, 461. Jerdeman, C. M. ; 256, 350. lessen, C. A.; 236, 323, 340, 420. Jewell, W. A.; 91, 96, 128, 141, 332, 333, 343. Johansen, Jens; 210, 411, 438. Johnshoy, J. W. ; 244, 324, 414, 425, 438. Johnshoy, M. C. ; 241, 323, 327, 417, 425, 438, 451. Johnson, A. O. ; 62, 92, 97, 135, 222, 321, 368, 375, 407, 412, 438. Johnson, Armin M. ; 257, 326. Johnson, Bergel A. ; 234, 414, 438. Johnson, Bernhard A.; 248, 324, 341, 345, 420. Johnson, C. B. ; see Bestul, C. B. Johnson, E. G. ; 231, 416, 426. Johnson, Edward; 62, 410. Johnson, G. J.; 231, 342, 421. Johnson, Gisle ; 41, 64. Johnson, Hans; 207, 334, 335, 438. Johnson, Harold E. ; 253, 342. Johnsori, J. A.; 55, 60, 78, 149. Johnson, J. L. ; 226, 342, 412, 438. Johnson, j. M. ; 245, 420. 499 Johnson, Joseph; 238, 323, 414, 431, 438, 451. Johnson, L. G. ; 232, 416, 426. Johnson, O. C. ; 171. Johnson, O. L. ; 248, 418. Johnson, P. G. ; 245, 340, 420. Johnson, P. O. C; 238, 327, 416, 426. Johnson, P. S. ; 232, 420, 424, 426. Johnson, T. A.; 231, 438. Johnson, Tjerand; 57, 60, 61, 387. Johnson, W. A.; 233, 323, 414, 438. Johnson Hallan Legacy, Mr. and Mrs. O. C.; 171. Johnsrud, P. L. ; 92, 91, 243, 326. Jordahl, D. C.; 59, 60, 219, 321, 412, 438, 461, 466. Jordahl, E. L. ; 241, 326, 414, 438. Jordahl, H. C.; 248, 324, 341, 343, 419. Jordahl, N. Y. ; 253, 325, 326. Jordahl, V. T. ; 250, 341. Jorgenson, Christian; 209, 411, 439. Jorgenson, E. F. ; 246, 418. Jorgenson, E. J.; 253, 324. Jorgenson, Fingar ; 213, 411, 439, 461. Jorgenson, J. E. ; 92, 97, 134, 220, 321, 411, 431, 439. Jorgenson, V. G. ; 250, 419. Jukam, O. G. ; 205, 439. Junior High School; 76, 84, 198, 267, 268, 280, 281, 394. Junior year; 28, 267, 270, 271, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 303, 304, 305. Juul, G. A.; 234, 422. Juul, M. B.; 225, 322, 340, 412, 439. Juul, O. ; 60. Juul, O. G. ; 224, 322, 335, 336, 342, 412, 439. Juve, Aslak; 12. Juve, O. A.; 236, 323, 420. Juve, T. O.; 205, 415, 422, 439. Kaasa, E. O. ; 222, 321, 322, 422, 444, 451. Kaasa, J. O. ; 60, 61. Kaasa, L. J.; 234, 351, 416, 426, 451. Kalheim, O. M. ; 218, 318, 321, 422, 430, 451, 461. Kalnes, I. M. ; 236, 327, 416. Kalvestrand, L. A. M. ; 240, 439. Kampen, Ingvald ; 92, 97, 136, 227, 322, 323 341 342. Karstad' L. 'm.^K.; 212, 336, 411. Kasberg, K. A.; 62, 215, 364, 365, 366, 411, 439, 451, 461. Kaupanger, O. L. ; 250, 325, 345, 419. Kiel, A. L. ; 243, 345. Kiland, E. F. ; 248, 340, 341, 349, 418. Kiland, G. H. ; 60, 216, 419, 426. Kildahl, J. N. ; 59, 212, 422, 425, 439, 451, 461, 465, 466, 467. KiUie, E. S. ; 254, 324, 337, 341. Kilness, G. W. W. ; 245, 420. Kilness, J. B. ; 232, 414, 439, 451. Kilness, P. J.; 231, 414, 439. Kirkeby, G. T. ; 211, 422, 444, 451. "Kirketidende" ; 51, 66, 166, 389. Kitchen; 142, 143, 146, 147, 154, 155, 382. ■•^Kitchen help; 143, 145, 146, 147. Kittilsby, A.; 61. Kittilsby, P. A.; 221, 321, 336, 412, 439, 451. Kjer, L. P.; 92, ')! , 138, 244, 326, 414, 439. Kjerulf Male Quartette; 371. Kjome, H. N. ; see Chominie, H. N. Kjome, N. N. ; 61. Kjorlaug, P. F. ; 238, 323, 414, 439, 451. Kjos, Selmer; 244, 340, 345. Klevjord, O. O. ; 222, 439. Kloster, L. S. ; 238, 323, 327, 344, 421. Knudson, J. P.; 257. 337, 341. Knutson, C. S. ; 244, 324, 326, 353, 422. Knutson, S. R. ; 256, 342, 350. Knutson, .W. M. ; 248, 349, 418. Koefod, M. M.; 210, 318, 361, 439. Koefod, S. M. R. ; 235, 323, 416, 426. "Konrektor" ; 54. Kopang, J. P.; 216, 365, 366, 451. Kopperdal, H. J.; 212, iZ(>, 422, 451. Koren, John; 212, 392, 419, 428, 439. Koren, Paul; 30, 47, 216, 364, 409, 411, 439, 461. Koren, V.; 15, 16, 17, IS, 21, 21, 48, 49, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 68, 78, 89, 93, 108, 133, 143, 149, 154, 167, 186, 383-384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 392, 395, 400, 401, 461. Koren, Mrs. V.; 93, 167, 461. Koren, William; 34, 89, 93, 108, 135, 136, 216, 417, 424, 444, 451. Koren family (V. Koren) ; 93. Koren Library; 78, 155, 156, 157, 158, 162, 164, 165, 168, 169, 173, 177, 395, 399-402, 403, 429, 477. Koren Parsonage; 78, 154, 167. Korsrud, A. C.; 238, 414, 439. Korsrud, O. ; 63, 307. Korsrud, W. W. ; 254, 337. Kraabel, A. M. ; 246, 345, 413, 439. Kraabel, M. O. ; 253, 326. Kraabel, R. E. ; 245, 325, 420. Kraabel, T. O. ; 245, 324, 326, 340, 420. Krause, L. F. E. ; 11. Kroger, J. T. ; 63. Krog, H. J. G. ; 34, 35, 89, 93, 108, 135, 136, 284, 296, 300. Krog family; 93. Krohn, Eugene; 92, 97, 134, 217, 375, 416, 425. Krostu, G. G. ; 217, 439. Kulaas, Peter; 238, 421. Kvaase, D. J.; 220, 411, 430, 439. Kvaase, G. J.; 245, 340. Kvale, O. J.; 59, 62, 221, 321, 412, 424, 439, 451, 466. Kvale, P. J.; 247, 325, 326, 416. Kvam, I. J.; 223, 439. Kvamme, Kristen ; 34, 35, 61, 89, 93, 109, 136, 137, 224, 322, 412, 439, 451, 461. Kvamme family; 93. Kvammen, E. J.; 250, 345, 348, 350, 351. "L" Association; 329, 331-332. LaCrosse Luther College Club ; 432. Laboratories; 78, 83, 146, 147, 150, 151, 152, 153, 158, 175, 177, 179, 180, 394, 475, 477, 478. Ladies' Aid; 230, 240, 471, 472. Lande, M. O. ; 256, 337, 343. Landing, L. M. ; 221, 451, 461. Landmark, G. H. ; 54, 62, 88, 89, 93, lOS 132, 133, 162, 292, 295, 300. Landmark family; 93. Landsverk, J. P.; 224, 411. Lane, G. O. ; 227. 439. Lange, Prof.; 21, 388. Lang-eland, Magne ; 160, 209, 422, 439, 462. Langemo, H. T. ; 217, 411, 439, 451. Langemo, T. T. ; 218, 411, 439. Larsen, Anders; 213, 439. Larsen, B. J.; 222, 439. Larsen, C. E. ; 233, 421. Larsen, C. M. ; 94, 218, 411, 439, 451, 467. Larsen, E. N. ; 250, 324, 337, 341, 342, 343. Larsen,' G. A.; 214, 336, 411, 439, 451. Larsen, G. A. C. ; 244, 451. Larsen, Henning; 67, 237, 344. 352, 417, 424, 425. 500 Larsen, Herman; 67, 216, 321, 422, 426. Larsen, Iver; 61, 205. Larsen, J. A. O. ; 67, 92, 97, 237, 323, 327, 417, 424, 425, 451, 462. Larsen, Laur. Biographical data; 64-73, 93, 100. Character; 68, 71, 72-73. 388-389, 401. Family; 67, 93, 97. Fiftieth anniversary ; 67. Life at Halfway Creek Parsonage; 18, 53, 68, 142, 382. Pastorate and other church work; 15, 48, 49, 59, 63, 66, 385. Picture; 2,6, 65, 88, 99, 100, 131, 261. President; S3, 60, 62, 89, 393, 469. President Emeritus; 62, 66. Quotations from; 25, 32, 39, 69, 71-72, 192, 391. Residence; 67, 143, 148, 149, 429. Subjects taught; 34, 35, 36, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 284, 291, 293, 294, 295, 300. Treasurer; 54, 57, 59, 61, 62, 387. Other references; 21, 29, 37, 76, 80, 166, 275, 319, 367, 392, 403, 409, 464. Larsen, Mrs. Laur. (Ingeborsr Astrup) ; 67, 93, 97, 230, 408, 472. Larsen, Mrs. Laur. (Karen R. Neuberg) ; 67, 93. Larsen, Lauritz (79) ; 212, 422, 444 Larsen, Lauritz ('02) ; 67, 229, 340, 416, 425, 439, 462, 467. Larsen, Lauritz A.; 92, 97, 134, 218, 375, 407, 416, 425, 444, 451. Larsen, M. W. ; 89, 94, 109, 140, 141, 251, 303, 325, 331, 334, 341, 345, 420, 451. Larsen, N. A.; 67, 224, 322, 408, 412, 439, 467. Larsen, Nils; 61. Larsen, Olaf ; 211, 422, 444. Larsen, Oscar O. ; 92, 97, 136, 229, 323, 416. 426. Larsen, Reier; 206, 422, 439. Larsen, T. H. ; 219, 411, 439. Larsen family (Laur. Larsen) ; 67, 93, 97. Larsen family (M. W. Larsen) ; 94. Larson, Einar R. ; 244, 324, 327, 421. Lai-son, Elmer R. ; 251, 324, 419, 451. Larson, Lewis ; 60^ Larson, Ludvig ; 229, 451. Larson, Ole A. ; 63. Larson, R. ; 172. Larson, R. J.; 245, 325. Larson, V. F. ; 243, 324, 414, 439. Larson, W. A.; 232, 439. Larson, W. E. ; 60. Latin (subject of study) ; 28, 29, 33, 92, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115. 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 128, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 266, 269, 271, 272, 273, 278, 281, 282, 295, 296, 297, 298, 306, 307, 384, 394. Latin school; see Gymnasium (Latin school). Laudel, Arthur; 91, 96, 128, 141, 303, 332, 333, 341. Laur. Larsen Hall; 23, 54, 77, 83, 151, 152, 394, 418, 476. Laur. Larsen Memorial Fund; 172. Lavik, j. R. ; 60. Lawston, W. A.; 254, 341. Laxdahl, D. J.; 221, 321. Leave of absence; 83, 84, 89, 90, 101, 102, 111, 114, 115, 117, 118, 122. Lee, A. J.; 211, 411, 439, 462. Lee, A. O. ; 244, 345, 418. Lee, Adrian; 247, 325. Lee, C. L. ; 246, 326, 353, 413, 439. Lee, G. J.; 250, 419. Lee, G. T. ; 62, 220, 321, 416, 424, 439, 451, 462. Lee, Jens L. ; 63, 92, 146, 353. Lee, O. E. ; 217, 417, 424, 439, 451, 462. Lee, O. H.; 210, 439. Lee, O. T. ; 218, 336, 422, 439. Lee, P. J.; 250, 341, 418. Legacies; 52, 78, 115, 150, 158, 170, 171, 172, 174. Lein, C. O. ; 217, 367. Leque, N. M. ; 247, 345, 414, 439. Leque, N. P.; 60. Lerud, Theodore; 241, 327, 414, 439, 451. Leum, H. J.; 241, 323, 340, 344, 416, 426. Levorson, John; 220, 412, 439. Levorson, Oscar; 245, 325, 353, 411. Lewison, Eli; 154, 225, 336, 340, 416, 426. Liberal education; 26, 27, 278-280, 409, 474. Librarian; 53, 54, 62, 79, 107, 108, 109, 111, 113, 114, 116, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 149, 155, 157, 159, 161, 162, 163, 168, 178, 179, 181, 264, 399. Librarian, Assistant; 62, 112, 115, 118, 162. Librarian Emeritus; 111. Library; 54, 56, 57, 78, 144, 146, 147, 149, 155, 157, 159-165, 166, 168, 177, 180. 264, 307, 311, 314, 315, 317, 370, 392, 395, 399, 400, 401, 402, 428, 429, 475, 478. Library and Museum, Chapter on; 159- 169. Library, Assistant; 307. Library building: see Koren Library. Library fees; 159. Lie, J. E. J.; 60. Lie, L. J.; 60. Lien, A. E. ; 218, 411, 432, 439, 451. Lien, C. A. N. ; 214, 451. Lien, E. W. N. ; 253, 353, 419. Lien, J. A. O. ; 247, 353, 418, 452. Lienlokken, Jno. ; 62. Life, Student ; see Student Life. Life of Christ (subject of study) ; 31, 33, 34, 35, 137, 138, 140, 285, 474. Lighting; 144, 149, 150, 151, 157, 175, 178, 429. Lillegaard, L. O. ; 214, 452. Lillegard, G. O. ; 239, 323, 327, 414, 425, 439, 467. Linda, A. P.; 60. Linde, H. J.; 232, 323, 340, 422, 426, 452. Lindemann, F. ; 89, 94, 109, 133. Lindemann family ; 94. Linnevold, John; 92, 97, 135, 221, 321, 375, 412", 439, 452, 462. Literary Course; 76, 267, 394. Literary societies; 86, 159, 160, 290, 309- 316, 318. Litsheim, J. O. ; 222, 439. Livdahl, A. N. ; 243, 326, 414, 439. Livdahl, Carl; 227, 420, 444. Loberg, J. D. ; 246, 421. Location ; 70. Lohre, N. J.; 59. Lokensgaard, H. O. ; 246, 418, 452. Lokensgaard, K. O. ; 218, 452, 462. LSkensgaard, O. O. ; 211, 363, 411, 439, 452, 462. Loftness, G. O.; 245, 345. 439. Lomen, Mrs. Elizabeth; 63. Lomen, G. J.; 207, 334, 335. Lomen, Jorgen (George; ; 210, 422. Lommen, Gulbrand T. ; 56, 57, 60, 61, 63, 387 Lono, Aiikkel; 244, 327, 416, 425, 439. Lorelei (glee club) ; 363. 501 Losen, Carl; 243, 345, 414, 439. Losen, G. S. ; 252, 337, 343, 348. Losna (society) ; 312. Lovik, L. T. ; 248, 421. Lowell (society) ; 315. Loyalty Hall; 23, 78, 154, 158, 177, 320, 356, 394, 476. Lucky, C. E. L. ; 256, 326, 343. Lucky, C. J.; 60. Ludvigson, N. H.; 225, 452. Lund, J. H.; 219, 419, 426. Lund, L. P.; 235, 323, 414, 439. Lund, S. B.;60. Lundberg, C. ; 60. Lunde, A. G. ; 225, 322, 323, 412, 439. Lunde, A. J.; 247, 345, 418. Lunde, G. A.; 205, 411, 439, 462. Lunde, Gunder Kitelsen ; 386. Lunde, H. A. P.; 247, 325, 353, 420, 445. Lunde, J. H.; 220, 412, 431, 439. Lundeberg, K. O. ; 220, 439, 452, 462, 466. Luther, Martin; 28, 29, 30, 46, 400, 401, 474. Luther Academy; 197, 391. Luther (College Business Men's Associa- tion; 431. Luther College Clubs; 266, 429, 430-432. "Luther College Four"; 11. Luther College Graduates and Under- graduates in Church work, Chapter on; 433-467. "Luther College spirit" ; 388. Luther College Teachers' Association of North Dakota; 431. Luther League ; 38. Luther Seminary, 25, 46, 391. Luther statue; 11, 153, 403, 472, 484. Luther Theological Seminary; 408, 410. Lutheran Brethren, Church of; 195. Lutheran Brotherhood of America; 270, 467. Lutheran church; 12, 13, 27, 28, 30, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 73, 184, 383, 384. Lutheran church in Norway; 12, 41, 43. Lutheran Ladies' Seminary, Red Wing, Minn.; 391. Lutheran literature; 164, 165, 456-466. Lutheran Normal School, Sioux Falls, S. D. ; 32, 269, 391. Lutheran Publishing House; 146, 153, 457. Lutheran schools; 24, 41, 44, 51, 70, 76, 196, 197, 199, 389, 455-456. Lutheran schools, Luther College men m; 446-456. Lutheran Students' Union Convention ; 38, 39, 86, 317, 360, 364. "Lutheran World Almanac"; 42, 43, 191. Lyngaas, I. Al. ; 89, 94, 110, 137, 138, 226, 322, 337, 340, 341, 342, 370, 411, 452. Lyngaas family ; 94. Lynne, J. A.; 239, 420, 439. Lynne, Lars; 209, 452. Lysne, H. O. ; 246, 421. Maakestad, B. S. ; 256, 324, 337, 341. 350. Maakestad, J. J.; 211, 439, 452. Maakestad, J. ,W. B. ; 247, 324, 325, 349, 414, 439. Maakestad, N. F. ; 234, 323. Maakestad, N. G.; 252. 324, 326, 405, 420, 445. "Maaltrosten" ; 363. Madsen, J. E. ; 212, 439, 452. Madson, Martin; 172. Madson, N. A.; 34, 35, 84, 89, 94, 110, 138, 140, 242, 324, 327, 355, 408, 414, 439, 452. Madson family (N. A. Madson); 94. Magelssen, Finn; 240, 319, 326, 327, 414, 439. Magelssen, H. G. ; 223, 322, 341, 439. Magelssen, Hans; 216, 411, 439. Magelssen, N. S. ; 234, 323, 439. "Maihaugen" ; 167. Main Building; 16, 19, 21, 22, 26, 27, 68, 69, 70, 143-144, 146, 147-148, 149, 151, 161, 168, 356, 387-388, 389, 392, 403. Picture; 20, 23, 37, 183, 312, 354, 359, 390, 395, 419, 432, 476. Malmin, G. J.; 251, 324. Malmin, O. G. ; 251, 319, 324, 326, 327, 419, 452. Malmin, R. ; 89, 94, 110, 140, 423, 427. Malmin family ; 94. "Mamalandet" ; 318. Alandolin Club; 376. Mandt, Olaf ; 208, 334, 335, 422, 439. Markhus, A. L. ; 228, 340, 421. Markhus, George; 34, 35, 62, 89, 94, 110, 131, 135, 136, 137, 168, 219, 283, 284, 285, 288, 290, 294, 318, 321, 411, 430, 452. Markhus, L. J.; 205, 415, 422, 439. Markhus, O. J.; 94, 205. Markhus family (George Markhws) ; 94. Marsh, Mrs. Jessie Ervin ; 92, 376. Mathematics (subject of study); 92, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 111, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 269, 271, 272, 273, 281, 282, 298-299, 306, 307. Medium of instruction; 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 46, 47, 282, 396. Megorden, T. H. ; 252, 324, 326, 327, 343, 420, 445. Melaas, Mrs.; 171. Melaas, I. J.; 250, 324, 420, 431. Melaas, M. J.; 171. Melanchthon, P.; 30. Meland, R. T. ; 223, 439, 462. Mellang, P. K. ; 218, 440. Mellby, C. A.; 221, 321, 417, 425, 440, 452, 462. Mellem, E. G. ; 221, 336, 366, 422, 444, 452. Mevig, A. I. M,; 92, 97, 138, 242, 323, 417, 431. Michelsen, P. C. H. K. ; 376. Midboe, J.; 60. Mikkelsen, Amund ; 63. Mikkelsen, M. A.; 220, 321, 336, 416, 425, 444. Mikkelson, C. F. ; 247, 349. Mikkelson, M, M. ; 89, 94, 111, 138, 140, 216, 452. Mikkelson family (M. M. Mikkelson) ; 94. Military drill; 91, 110, 120, 121, 125, 126, 140, 146, 270, 272, 328, 353-359. Military science and tactics; 126, 128, 140, 272, 358, 396. Mimer (society) ; 160. Mimer library; 159, 160, 401-402. Minde (society); 311. Minerva (society) ; 315. Ministers, need of; 11, 12, 14, 15, 24, 26, 32, 45, 66, 266, 276, 391, 473. Ministers' wives ; 11 , 472. Ministry, Luther College men in the; 45-46, 47, 204, 266, 388-389, 411-416, 434-443, 446, 469. Ministry, Training for the; 28, 29, 45, 46, 70, 76, 79, 266, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 361, 384, 385, 391, 409, 410, 433, 469, 472-473. Minne, N. M. ; 215, 440, 462. Minnesota Conference; 331. Mission fields, Luther College men in the; 467. 502 Missions, History of (subject of study) ; 35. Missouri Synod; IS, 16, 19, 24, 25, 109, 391. Mithun, O. J.; 246, 414, 440. Mjolner (society) ; 316, 363. Moackrud, A. B.: 256, 337. "Moderlandet" ; 318. Moe, Ebbe; 229, 322, 323, 440. Moe, E. O.; 237, 323, 340, 420. Moe, T. M.; 253, 324, 327. Moe, 'L. A.; 62, 86-87, 89, 94, 96, 111. 139, 140, 242, 260, 298, 299, 306, 307, 418, 431, 432, 452. Moe, Mrs. L. A.; 87, 92, 94, 96, 300, 376, 410. Moe, L. L. ; 237, 351, 440. Moe, Lars L. : 86, 94, 218. Moe, Oscar; 229, 340. Moe, S. M. ; 85, 249, 324, 416, 440. Moe family (L. A. Moe); 86-87, 94. MoIIer, F. A.; 206, 422, 440, 463. Moller, G. E. ; 242, 440. Moen, C. J.; 212, 440, 452. Moen, Hans; 232, 376. Moen, L. O. ; 61. Moen, Paul; 229, 322, 323, 340, 342, 422, 440. Morstad, E. O. ; 218, 440, 452, 463, 466, 467. Mohn, F. Voss; 215, 416. 425, 444. Mohn. Th. N. ; 206, 390, 422, 440, 452, 462. Moldstad, C. A.; 235, 323, 327, 414, 440. Moldstad, T. A.; 224, 322, 374, 412, 429, 440, 45"2, 462, 466. Monona Academy; 390. Monrad, Ragnar ; 89, 94, 111, 134, 136. Monrad family ; 94. Monserud, N. O. ; 432. Monson, Albert; 242, 323, 421. Monson, H. W. ; 244, 326, 327, 348, 418, 452. Monson, I. G. ; 209, 334, 335, 432, 440, 462. Monson, M. J.; 237, 323, 340, 411. Monson, O. S. ; 250, 325, 341, 420. Moore, H. W. ; 222, 366, 422, 426. Mork, A. O.; 256, 324, 326. Mortensen, Peder ; 219, 440. Mortensen, V. A. M. ; 218, 440. Mortenson, E. E. ; 238, 340, 419, 440. Motto, College; 73, 403, 469, 484. Movold, R. A.; 91, 96, 128, 141, 303, 329, 333, 348. Museum'; 54, 62, 106, 144, 147, 149, 150, 154, 156, 157, 158, 161, 165, 166-169, 177, 180, 407, 428, 478. Museum, library; 161, 166. Music; 30, 36, 76, 92, 102, 106, 116, 119, 122, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 269, 271, 272, 273, 281, 299, 300, 306, 307, 361-381, 475, 476, 479. Chapter on; 361-381. Music, Instrumental; 299, 300, 365-368. Music, Vocal; 102, 106, 116, 118, 119, 122, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 272, 299, 300, 361-365, 376, 475. Music hall; 78, 377, 406, 476, 479. Music instructors; 92, 375-376. Music library; 155, 370. Music pavilion; 148, 149, 154, 335. Music room; 145, 149, 151. Musical Director; 119, 307, 366, 370, 372, 373, 375, 576, 377, 378. Mu-.ical instruments; 145, 153, 155, 158, 367-368, 370, 402. Musical organizations; 155, 299, 300, 361- 377. Musical Union; 155, 299, 368-371, 376, 402, 406. Muspelheim (society) ; 309, 314, 315. Muus, B. J.; 59, 60, 389, 459. Myhre, G. ; 60. Myhre, O. C. ; 222, 440. Myron, H. ; 60, 208. 432. Myrwang, J. H. ; 431. Naeset, A. O. ; see Nasset, A. O. Naeset, J. J.: 57, 60, 61, 387. Naeseth, A. O. ; 238, 340, 344, 411. Naeseth, C. A.; 34, 35, 54, 60, 62, 89, 94, 111, 131, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 143, 162, 163, 209, 284, 285, 287, 288, 292, 294, 401, 422, 424, 440, 453, 463. Naeseth, Mrs. C. A.; 94, 408. Naeseth, C. G. ; 233, 414, 432, 440. Naeseth, Herman; 232. 421. Naeseth, J. R. ; 236, 323, 340, 416, 426. Naeseth, W. K. ; 89, 94, 112, 137, 138, 238, 414, 425, 440, 453. Naeseth family (C. A. Naeseth); 94. Name of the College; 52, 56, 57, 386, 387. Narum. H. K. ; 244, 341, 349, 416, 440, 452. Narvesen, Cornelius; 89, 94, 99, 112, 133, 134, 206, 290, 299, 452. Narvesen family ; 94. Narveson, B. H. ; 255, 342, 343, 350. Nasset, A. O. ; 219, 452. National Capital Luther College Club; 432. Natural history (subject of study); 119, 132, 133. 134, 166, 269, 271, 272. Natvig, A. J.; 91, 96, 128, 140, 141, 245, 333, 340, 341, 345, 418, 452. Natvig, A. S. ; 245, 340, 341, 345, 418. Needy Students ; see Student aid. Nelson, A. Augustus ; see Hailstone, A. A. Nelson, A. E. ; 250, 324, 326, 327, 420, 445. Nelson, A. T. ; 234, 351, 414, 432, 440. Nelson, C. P.; 250, 324, 349. Nelson, D. T. : 48, 90, 94, 112, 139, 245, 289, 290, 298, 306, 307, 324, 326, 353, 418, 425, 452. Nelson, G. A. ; see Sundby, G. A. Nelson, K. O. ; 255, 324. Nelson, Knute ; 263. Nelson, M. J.; 247, 324, 418, 452. Nelson, O. A.; 249, 418. Nelson, Olaf ; 90, 94, 112, 140, 141, 250, 325, 418, 452. Nelson, R. P.; 91, 96, 128, 140. Nelson, Walter; 235, 340, 421. Nelson family (D. T. Nelson) ; 94. Nelson family (Olaf Nelson) ; 94. Neperud, Carl; 218, 336. Neprud, Selmer ; 242, 344. Nerison, A. G. N. ; 252, 343. Nervig, A. J.; 2.26, 440. Ness, Hildus; 225, 336, 341, 342. Ness, J. A.; 90, 94, 113, 135, 136, 217, 318, 321, 417, 424, 425, 452, 463. Ness, T. M. O. ; 214, 363, 367, 411, 440, 452. Ness family (J. A. Ness) ; 94. Nesset, A. O. ; 242, 327, 414, 440. Nesseth, G. P.; 220, 440. Neste, K. K. ; 170. Neste, T. P.; 232, 440. Nestos, Peter; 243, 348, 349. Neuberg, Karen R. ; see Larsen, Mrs. Laur. (Karen R. Neuberg). Newspapers; 161, 166, 168. Nielsen, Edies ; 221, 440, 452. Niffelheim (society); 309, 313, 314, 318. Night-watchman; 55, 63. Nightingale (flageolette sextette) ■ 376. Nilsen, Christian ; 63, 382. 503 Nilsen, Mrs. Christian; 63, 382. Nilsen, Halvor ; 61. Nilson, M. J.; 246, 445. Nilsson, Thomas; 62, 91, 96, 129, 137, 222, 321, 422, 440, 463. Nine-year course; Id, 267, 268, 273, 394. Nodshilder, H. A.; 220, 440. Non-sectarian colleges; 196, 199. Nordby, H. P.; 246, 324, 440. Nordby, Torgen ; 59, 60, 207, 361, 400, 416, 440, 466. Nordgaard, Christian; 211 '^2'2. Nordgaard, E. N. ; 255, '342, 343, 345, 348, 351. Nordgaard, J. S. ; 213, 417, 440, 452. Nordgaard, K. E. ; 205, 318. Nordgaard, N. N. ; 222, 321, 336, 412, 440. Nordgaren, Peder Simon; 386. Nordlie. H. C. ; 236, 323, 340, 351, 417, 424, 452. Nordstierna (society) ; 312. Norgaard, C. H. ; 234, 414, 440. Norgaard, J. R. ; 242, 325, 417. "Norgesfsrden" ; 11, 122, 372, 463, 465. Norlie, O. M. ; 24, 31, 34, 35, 36, 90, 92, 94, 113, 139, 140, 141, 179, 275, 285, 286, 287, 293, 304, 305, 306, 307, 433, 483. Norlie family ; 94. Normal Department; 24, 28, 32, 70, 111, 112, 203, 268, 269, 283, 284, 286, 287, 291, 294, 300, 389. Normann, H. M. ; 92, 97, 136, 233, 414, 440, 452. Normann, O. A.; 97, 205, 411, 415, 440. Normann, S. T. ; 92. 97, 135, 136, 228, 322, 323, 340, 342, 370, 376, 412, 440. Normannalaget; 160, 312, 315, 363. Norronna (society); 316, 363. Norske Selskab, Det ; 312. North Central Association; 142, 173. 308, 394. Northern Minnesota Luther College Club ; 432. Northwestern Gymnastic Meet; 349-350. Norway, Teachers from; 18, 24, 69, 83, 100, 102, 108, 109, 111, 113, 118, 119, 120, 122. Norway Tour; 74, 119, 340, 362, 363, 372, 373, 374, 376. Norwegian (subiect of study) ; 92, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, 119, 120, 124, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 269, 271, 272, 27'3, 276, 281, 286, 290, 300-302, 306, 307, Norwegian-American Historical Archives ; 169. Norwegian-American literature; 161, 164, 165, 166. Norwegian culture; 40, 41, 46, 47, 73, 80, 165, 166, 409, 468. Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America; 14, 49, 159. Norwegian Evangelical Synod of the State of Wisconsin ; 49. Norwegian immigration to the U. S. ; see Immigration from Norway. Norwegian Lutheran Church; 12, 13, 30, 41, 45, 46, 80, 192. Norwegian Lutheran Church of America ; 48, 51, 52, 56, 57, 58, 59, 85, 100, 105, 113, 119, 120, 158, 170, 174, 175, 179, 182, 187, 188, 194, 195, 197, 263, 264, 357, 390, 401, 409. Norwegian Society of America; 84. Norwegian Student Singers; see Student Singers' Association of Norway. Norwegian Synod; 14, IS, 16, 19, 21, 24, 25, 27, 32, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 66, 68, 69, 70, 73, 74, 76, 11, 19, 100, 102. 107, 108, 111, 112, 114, 116, 119, 120. 145, 146, 159, 170, 171, 173, 174, 175, 178, 179, 182, 184, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 320, 383, 384, 391, 392, 472. Norwegians in America; 47, 184, 185, 192, 195, 197. Number of students ; see Attendance. Nurse; 55, 63, 78, 91, 125, 129, 130, 140, 155, 265, 307, 375. Nvgaard, O. S. ; 241, 340. Nystrom, G. A. ; 62. Occupations and professions of alumni; 45, 47, 411-423, 446. Ode, P. G. ; 253, 326, 342, 343. Odegaard, G. G. ; 232, 342, 443. Oefstedal, A. A.; 214, 363, 443, 455, 466. Oefstedal, N. A.; 215, 443. Oefstedal, Rudolph; 252, 325, 326, 342, 343, 420, 445. die, L. A. L. ; 223, 455. Oien, J. P.; 231, 443. Oxendahl, I. L. ; 222, 443, 455. Office, President's; 54, 142, 143, 147, 155, 382. Officials, College; 62-63. Officials, Corporation; 50, 57, 59, 60-62. Olafson, C. M. ; 245, 325, 349, 421. Olafson, K. K. ; 233, 323, 414, 440. Old English; see Anglo-Saxon. Old Norse (subject of study); 135, 136, 138, 300. Olsen, Ellef; 205, 411, 415, 440. Olsen, Engel; 224, 440. Olsen, Gudbrand ; 59. Olsen, H. E. ; 235, 323, 327, 340, 414, 440, 463. Olsen, H. M. ; 226, 322, 412, 424, 440. Olsen, Tohan; 233, 440. Olsen, M. I.; 229, 323, 416, 426, 453. Olsen, N. A.; 239, 323, 326, 352, 420, 424, 453. Olsen, O. N. ; 61. Olsen, Rudolf; 90, 94, 113, 134. Olsen, T. J.; 239, 432. Olsen family (Rudolf Olsen) ; 94. Olsnaes, A. ; 60. Olson, B. T. ; 233, 453. Olson, C. M.; 250, 326, 348, 350, 419. Olson, M. H.; 253. Olson, O. L. Biographical data; 80-82, 89, 93, 100. 424, 425. Family; 80, 82, 93. Picture; 61, 81, 100, 131, 139. President (Acting) ; 62, 64, 82, 89, 395, 408, 417. Secretary of Board of Trustees: 61. Student life; 223, 322, 329, 335, 336, 340, 342. Subjects taught; 137, 138, 140, 141, 288, 289, 290, 296, 303. Other references; 29, 54, 275, 306, 307, 317, 332, 398, 404, 453, 463, 468. Olson, Mrs. O. L. ; 82, 93. Olson, Paul F. ; 82, 255, 326, 337. Olson, T. O.; 249, 418. Olson, W. A.; 82, 251. Olson family (O. L. Olson) ; 80-82, 93. Omland, G. J.; 214, 440. Omiid, G. H. ; 211, 440. Omlie, O. K. ; 92, 97, 136, 226, 322, 375, 417, 453. Ongstad S. H.; 219, 420. 504 Onsgard, H. A.; 243, 324, 340, 417, 425, 453. Opheim, E. F. ; 247, 340. Opheim, O. S. ; 224, 322, 336, 420, 426, 453. Opsahl, H. T. ; 246, 342. Opsahl, J. E.; 245, 327, 416, 426, 444. Opsahl, T. G. ; 216, 336, 422, 440. Opsal, C. L.; 62. Opstad, I. A.; 244, 324, 327, 344, 345, 353, 417, 425. Opsund, G. M. ; 60. Oratorical Association; 318. Oratorical contests; 290, 318, 327. Oratoricals; see Forensics ; Public Speak- ing. Oratorios; 30, 363, 364, 365, 402, 476. Orchestra; 155, 299, 364, 365-366, 368, 370, 371, 372, 376, 407. Ordahl, M. B. ; 238, 440. Ordal, O. J.; 229, 320, 322, 323, 368, 417, 440, 453, 463. Ordal, Z. T.; 62, 90, 94, 114, 136, 229, 342, 412, 440, 453, 463. Ordal family (Z. J. Ordal) ; 94. Organization; 18, 30, 48, 76, 79, 84, 85, 260-274. Chapter on; 260-274. Organizations and activities of students ; see Student organizations and activities. Orting, E. A. N. B. ; 244, 440. Orwoll, M. S. ; 90, 94, 114, 138, 235, 323, 420, 444, 453. Orwoll, O. C; 257, 337, 341, 343, 348, 350. Orwoll, S. M. ; 92, 97, 135, 224, 322, 341, 342, 412, 440. Orwoll, S. P.; 255, 337, 341, 342, 343. Orwoll family (M. S. Orwoll) ; 94. Osseo (society) ; 312. Ostrem, H. M. ; 257, 337, 341. Otis Building; 18, 68, 143, 328, 386, 387. Otis, Nathaniel; 143. Otte, C. N. H.; 253, 350. Otte, Heinrich; 226, 342, 412, 440, 467. Otte, J. N. ; 253, 337, 343, 348. Ottersen, Ole ; 220, 321, 412, 432, 440, 453. Ottesen, Diderikke ; see Brandt, Mrs. Diderikke. Ottesen, J. A.; 13, 14, 15, 18, 21, 24, 59, 63, 392. Ottesen, O. C.; 214, 422, 440. Ottun, N. J.; 205, 453. Overn, A. G. H. ; 94, 213, 440, 463. Overn, O. B. ; 63, 90, 94, 114, 138, 140, 141, 299, 303, 304, 355, 358. Overn, Orlando; 242, 327. Overn family (O. B. Overn) ; 94. Ovri, E. J.; 219, 411, 440. Owen, E. M. ; 255, 343. Oyloe, H. ; 63, 307. P. A. Munch Historical Society; 160, 317. Pacific Coast tours; 119, 372, 374, 375. ill. Pacific Lutheran Academy and Business College; 391. Paintings; 166, 167, 428. Palisades, The; 26. Palm, S. T. ; 221, 440, 453. Panama-Pacific International Exposition, Band at the; 374, 377. Palmer, K. R. ; 235, 440, 453. Park Region Luther College; 197, 391. Parochial schools; 44, 45, 83, 262. Parsons, E. H. ; 250, 325, 326, 419. Pastors, College; 37, 53, 55, 63, 91, 120, 123, 127, 138, 140. Paulson, A. C, 255, 320, 325, 326. Paulson, A. M. ; 253, 325. Paulson, P. C; 236, 323, 419, 426, 453. Paulson, S. G. ; 244, 325. Paulsrud, G. O. ; 60. Pedersen, Nils; 214, 440. Pederson, A. C. ; 236, 344, 352, 417, 431, 444, 453. Pederson, C. A.; 242, 323, 352, 417, 453. Pederson, Christofer ; 214, 363, 440. Pederson, Magnus; 60, 219. Pederson, Martin; 170. Pederson, O. B. ; 231, 340. Peerson, Cleng ; 9, 10, 41. Penmanship (subject of study) ; 92, 100, 107, 109, 118, 119, 124, 127, 150, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 269, 271, 272, 273, 302-303. Petersen, Bernhard ; see Sorose, Bernhard. Petersen, E. J.; 34, 62, 90, 94, 114, 134, 135, 162, 284, 291, 296, 302. Petersen, J. A.; 245, 324, 327, 414, 440. Petersen, J. W. ; 236, 421. Petersen, R. W. ; 92, 97, 245. Petersen, ,W. M. H. ; 62, 209, 422, 440, 453, 463. Petersen family (E. J. Petersen) ; 94. Peterson, A. S. ; 242, 323, 421. Peterson, C. N. ; 219, 321, 336, 412, 440, 453. Peterson, E. E. ; 62, 90, 94, 115, 138, 140, 162, 163, 242, 297, 307, 319, 324, 326, 327, 375, 420, 425, 453. Peterson, F. E. ; 34, 35, o4, 90, 94, 115, 139, 142, 242, 285, 286, 287^ 292, 298, 303, 306, 307, 323, 340, 348, 349, 417, 425, 453. Peterson, H. C. ; 256, 337. Peterson, H. E. ; 251, 324, 337, 341, 342, 343, 345, 348. Peterson, H. J.; 245, 440. Peterson, H. R. ; 251, 324. Peterson, H. S. ; 234, 351, 4i9, 453. Peterson, Halvor; 214, 336, 422. Peterson, J. M. ; 92, 91, 136, 231, 320, 322, 323, 417, 424, 425, 453, 463. Peterson, J. R. ; 224, 322, 336, 416, 426. Peterson, L. C. ; 237, 325, 327, 422, 444. Peterson, Olivia; 63, 91, 96, 129, 140. Peterson, Samuel; 229, 422, 440, 453. Peterson, Thore ; 56, 57, 60, 61, 387. Peterson, Tillman; 241, 417. Peterson family (E. E. Peterson) ; 94. Peterson family (F. E. Peterson; ; 94. Phalanx, The; 146, 353, 354. Philomathean (society); 315. Philosophy (subject of study; ; 76, 138, 140, 273, 286, 303, 306, 307. Physical Director; 55, 19, 126, 128, 129, 303, 330, 332, 334. Physical training; 141, 281, 303, 479. Physical welfare; 38, 55, 329, 359. Physician, College; 55, 63, 91, 129, 130, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 175. Physics (subject of study) ; 76, 78, 86, 101, 104, 105, 114, 118, 123, 124, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 272, 273, 277, 281, 291, 303-304, 306, 307. Physics Laboratory; 78, 151, 152, 180, 279, 394. Physiology (subject of study) ; 104, 108, 109, 110, 118, 119, 124, 134, 135, 136, 141, 273, 283. Piano (subject of study) ; 376. "The Pioneer"; 319, 320. Pioneer conditions; 10, 11, 13, 14, IS, 17, 66, 68, 1(,, 142, 167, 169, 185, 186, 188, 201, 384, 386, 408, 478. 505 Pioneers, Character of; 10, 11, 14, 22, 40, 184, 276, 386, 400, 468. Pipe Organ; 376, m, 406. Plans for the future; 15, 16, 26, 68, 69, 70, 76, n, 169, 376, ill, 472, 484. Platonian (society) ; 316. Predestination controversy; 66, 71, 392. Preparatory Department — Athletics; 115, 116, 334, 337, 342, 343, 348. Courses of study; 28, 30-32, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 306, 361, 482. Debating; 326. Entrance requirements ; 280. Graduation requirements; 281. Literary Societies; 316. Organization; 76, 198, 262, 366, 267- 268, 271, 272, 273, 389, 394. Principal; 54, 64, 79, B2-89, 102, 106, 111, 118, 121, 265, 280, 306. Principal (acting) ; 84, 85, 122. Principal, Assistant; 84, 86, 110, 121, 123. Other references; 24, 131, 197, 200, 394, 482, 483. Preparatory freshman year; 271, 283, 285, 289, 290, 295, 297, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303. Preparatory junior year; 269, 271, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304. Preparatory senior year; 269, 271, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304. Preparatory sophomore year; 269, 271, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 291, 294, 295, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303. Preparatory sub-freshman year; 271, 282, 283, 285, 289, 290, 291, 295, 299, 300, 303 394. President; 25, 37, 39, 51, 53, 54, 55, 62, 64-82, 89, 90, 100, 162, 170, 171, 264, 265, 306, 392, 393. President, Acting; 62, 64, 82, 89, 100, 395, 408, 417. President Emeritus; 62, 66, 89, 100. President of the Synod; 51, 52, 57, 59, 73, 108, 120, 409. Presidents and Principals, Chapter on; 64- 87. Prestegaard, P. O. ; 234, 323, 350, 351. Preus, A. C. ; 13, 59, 60. Preus, C. K. Biographical data; 73-80, 82, 93, 100, 395, 398, 423. Chapel talks; 37, 80. Character; 79-80, 393, 400. Family; 74, 93, 398. Pastorate and other church work; 59, 73, 74, 440, 460, 465, 466. Picture; 36, 75, 100, 131, 334, 376. President; 60, 62, 64, 74-79, 89, 393, 394, 395, 400, 409, 469. Student life; 206, 334, 335, 361. Subjects taught; 34, 35, 36, 136, 137, 138, 140, 285. Other references; 29, 54, 145, 155, 275, 319, 374, 401, 408, 429, 453, 463, 467. Preus, Mrs. C. K. ; 74, 93, 240, 408, 473. Preus, Cathinka H. ; see Stalland, Mrs. K. D. Preus, H. A., Sr. ; 13, 14, 21, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, IZ, 93, 186, 385, 386, 388, 393, 458. Preus, H. A. ('10); 241, 324, 414, 440, 463. Preus, H. A. ('16); 74, 244, 325, 340, 353, 421, 426, 431, 444. Preus, J. A. O. ; 61, 62, 74, 234, 400, 404, 419, 425, 426, 444. Preus, J. C. K. ; 74, 234, 323, 340, 374, 414, 441, 463. Preus, J. H.; 249, 416, 44i. Preus, J. W. ; 216, Z(>1 , 408, 411, 441. Preus, O. J. H.; 74, 232, 340, 403, 404', 414, 427, 431, 432, 441. Preus, P. A.; 74, 239, 324, 332, 340, 420. Preus, W. C. ; 242, 324, 340, 345, 416, 426. Preus family (C. K. Preus) ; 74, 3Z. Proceedo (society) ; 315. Professors at the College; see Faculty. Psychology (subject of study) ; 76, 106, 113, 116, 122, 138, 140, 141, 272, 273, 277, 282, 286, 304. 305, 306, 475. Public Schools; 32, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 85, 86, 87, 261-262, 267. Public speaking; 76, 92, 100, 108, 110, 121, 123, 137, 141, 288, 289, 290, 307, 310, 311, 313, 314, 315, 317-318, 326, 327, 479. Publications, Student; 56, 318-320, 321-326. Publicity; 56, Id, 77, 178, 181, 264, 371, 374. Puget Sound Luther College Club; 432. Pulpit Rock; 435. Oualley, L. E. ; 252, 343. Oualley, O. W. ; 90, 94, 115, 139, 140, 247, 293, 298, 299, 303, 306, 307, 324, 328, 334, 337, 341, 345, 348, 418, 453. Q.ualley family; 94. Qually, P. W. ; 239, 340, 344, 416, 426, 431, 453. Quammen, A. G. ; 225, 433, 441. Quammen, N. A.; 205, 441. Ouarve, T. L. ; 211, 420. Ouiel, G. T. ; 253, 325. Quill, C. t.; 235, 327, 414, 441. Quill, M. B.; 243, 414, 441. Raabolle, N. J.; 60. Radio-telegraphy; 141, 272, 304. Rahn, G. O. G. ; 245, 326, 327, 420, 441. Ramberg, F. E. ; 246, 420. Ramberg, R. J.; 253, 325. Ramsey, E. E. ; 252, 343. Ramstad, Ola; 90, 94, 115, 134, 135, 146, 150, 172, 217, 353, 423, 453. Ramstad family; 94. Ranum, M. B. ; 253, 324. 345. Rasmussen, Gerhard; 209, 441. Rasmussen, P. A. ; 60. Rasmussen. W. A.; 216. 441. Ravndal, C. M. ; 250, 326, 343, 345, 353, 420. Ravndal, Olaf ; 251, 353, 356, 421. Reading Room; 143, 144, 146, 147, 156, 157, 161, 164. Recitation rooms; 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 151, 152, 154, 382, 396. Recitation periods; 274, 281. Red River Valley Luther College Club ; 432. Reformed Churches; 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 196, 199. 506 Registrar; 53, 54, 63, 72, 79, 84, 122, 264, 307. Registrar, Assistant; 63, 120. Reishus, F. E. ; 245, 324, 326, 421. Reishue, G. A.; 243, 324, 432. Reishus, H. T. : 257, 343. Reishus, K. P. B. ; 242, 323, 327, 417, 453. Reishus, T. S. ; 207, 441. Reitan, B. J. ; 222, 441. Religion (subject of study); 27-36, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, lit, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 164, 198, 272, 273, 276, 282, 284, 2S7, 304, 306, 307, 396, 468, 482. Religious Aim and Character, Chapter on ; 24-47. Religious background; 9, 11, 21, 22, 23, 27, 28, 41, 383, 384. Rem, Oscar; 256, 318, 319, 324, 326, 327. Remmen, Gilbert; 171. Remmen, M. E. ; 220, 321, 416, 426, 453. Remmen, Marit ; 171. Remmen, N. E. ; 218, 430. Repairs; 145, 149, 151, 155. Repertoires; 377-381. Reque, H. A.; 92, 97, 136, 226, 303, 322, 416, 426, 453. Reque, L. S. ; 34, 54, 60, 61, 90, 94, 116, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 145, 205, 287, 290, 294, 295, 296, 298, 299, 329, 353, 367, 390. 392, 422, 423, 424, 426, 428, 445, 453. Reque, Mrs. L. S. ; 94, 408, 470. Reque, L. S. J.; 226, 321, 322, 341, 342, 412, 441, 453. Reque, P. A.; 221, 321, 335, 3J6, 416, 426, 445. Reque, P. E. ; 256, 324. Reque, Paul S. ; 250, 350, 353. Reque, Peter S. : 97. 206, 353, 441. Reque, S. S. ; 90, 94, 116, 137, 138, 139, 140, 148, 202, 234, 285, 289, 290, 291, 302, 303, 307, 332, 334, 337, 340, 341, 351, 417, 445, 453. Reque, S. T. ; 224, 321, 322, 335, 412, 441, 463. Reque, Styrk ; 386. Reque, U. H. ; 251, 326. Reque family (L. S. Reque) ; 94. Reserve Officers' Training Corps; 47, 126, 128, 270-271, 358-359, 396. Residence, President's; 145, 148, 149, 153, 154, 167, 177, 180, 265, 470, 471. Residences, College; 177, 178. 180. Retrospect and Prospect, Chapter on ; 468- 484. Reunion Band; 402, 403, 406, 407. Rickansrud, T. M. ; 250. "Ridderen uden Frygt og Dadel" ; 318. Rifles; 146, 353. 356, 357. Rikansrud, O. T. ; 220, 321, 336, 412, 441, 453. Rindahl, O. S. ; 252, 342, 343, 351, 419, 453. Rindahl, W. O. ; 257, 326. Ringlee, Emil ; 245, 340, 345. Ringoen, T. R. ; 229, 370, 376, 414, 441, 453. Ringstad, J. T. ; 217, 441. Ristv, Edward; 243, 441. / Roaikvam, H. G. ; 33. 34, 35, 62. 90, 94, 116, 133, 134, 162, 211, 284, 286, 294, TT6, 300, 411, 424, 428, 441, 453, 463. Roalkvam family ; 94. Rodsater, G. I.; 237, 340, 350, 351, 416. 426, 445. Roe, K. S. N. ; 256, 326. Rodsater, T. A.; 223, 335, 336, 441. Rothe, Halle, 210, 334, 335. Rogne, E. T. ; 216, 411, 441. Rognlie, I. H. M. ; 253, 350. Rognlie, P. H. ; 220, 441, 453, 463. Rognlien, J. B. ; 242, 414, 441. Rohne, C. L. ; 254, 326. Rohne, J. M. ; 247, 325, 327, 420, 425, 441. Rolfsen, O. O. ; 242, 441. Rollefson, C. I.; 221, 336, 453. Romness, H. R. ; 247, 325, 414, 441. Rondestvedt, A. P.; 211, 363, 417, 441. Ronnei, H. L. ; 247, 418. Rosenqvist, Bernhard ; 92, 97, 242, 319, 326, 344. 421, 453. Rosenqvist, Rolf; 247, 324, 349, 414, 441. Rosholdt, C. L. ; 237, 421, 453. Rosholdt, H. S. ; 247, 421. Rosholdt, I. E. ; 241, 421, 445. Rosholdt, J. W.; 239, 323, 352, 414, 441. Rosholdt, T. G.; 242, 421_, 4-53. Rosholdt, T. L. ; 232, 414, 441, 453. Rosholdt, Tollef; 205, 423, 441, 463. RoshoU, A. T.; 232, 416, 426. Rossing, A. C. ; 243, 349. Rossing, C. A.; 60. Rossing, T. A.; 60, 78, 171. Rossing, T. H.; 249, 325, 420, 445. Rostad, C. N. ; 238, 344, 351. Rostad, M. L.; 241, 344. 421. Rotto, T. I.; 247, 341, 345, 416. 44T. Rovang, E. T. ; 254, 350, 351. Rovelstad, A. M. ; 29, 34, 35. 90, 94, 117, 137, 138, 139, 140, 275, 295, 296, 297. 298, 307. Rovelstad, Mrs. A. M. ; 94, 410. Rovelstad family; 94. Rue, H. S. ; 223, 412, 441. ■ Ruen, O. C. ; 257, 337. Ruen, Oliver; 234, 323, 327, 340, 421, 445. Rugland, G. T.; 254, 324, 342, 343, 350, 351. Rugland, T. G. ; 231, 441. Rugland, S. L. ; 254, 350. Rules and regulations; 49, 58, 85, 482. Rustad, G. O.; 59, 61. Ruste, E. O.; 210, 411, 441. Rygg, Enoch ; 63. Rygg, Hans L. ; 63. Rygg, O. S.; 216, 367, 411, 441. Rygh, G. A. T. ; 90, 94, 117, 134, 216, 411, 425, 441, 453, 463. Rvgh family ; 94. Rynning. Lars; 248. 325. Rystad, A. R. A.; 211. 441. Rystad, J. K. ; 206, 441. Sabbatical year; 78. Saervold, O. J.; 92, 97, 136, 225, 322, 416, Saetra, E. O. ; 60. Saetra, T. C. ; 60. Saetrang, G. ; 61. Saettre, T. A.; 214, 411, 442. Saevig, O. M. ; 216, 442. Saga (society) ; 311, 312. Sagen, A. K. ; 60, 209, 423. 441, 464, 466. St. Cloud Hotel; 18, 68, 143, 328, 386, 387. St. Olaf College; 389-390, 410. St. Olav, Order of; 67, 74, 84, 100, 102, 105, 108, 118, 120, 130. Salaries; 49, 51, 58, 172, i78, 179, 181, 480. Salvesen, Emil; 242, 414, 441. Sampson, B. O. ; 248, 340, 345. Sandager, C. N. ; 241, 344, 414, 441, 454, 467. 507 Sandager, Mrs. Ragnhild ; 172. Sandberg, Ivar ; 241, 326, 4lf, 441. Sanden, A. N. ; 92, 9T , 138, 247. Sander, A. B. ; 34, 36, 90, 94, 117, 133, 208, 423, 425, 454. Sander family ; 94. Sanderson, Tollef; 61, 211. Sando, O. O. ; 207, 441. "Sandvigske Samlinger" ; 167. Sather, Allen; 237, 340. Sauer, A. G. ; 245, 324, 421. Sauer, C. I.; 228, 323, 414, 441. Sauer, H. O.; 232, 323, 419, -T'fl. Savre, B. K. ; 63, 90, 94, 117, 136, 138, 140, 227, 299, 322, 332, 341, 342, 374, 416, 427, 445, 454. Savre, H. _ K. ; 251, 324, 326, 350. Savre family ; 94. Saxvik, H. O.; 236, 323, 340, 417, 445. Scarvie, N. G. ; 251, 349. Scarvie, W. B. ; 249, 324, 327, 341, 356, 420, 445. Schavlan, O. E. ; see Skavlan, O. E. Scheie, I. O. ; 211, 441. Schesvold, T. P.; 213, 441. Schjeldahl, R. I.; 255, 343. Schjeldahl, Theodore; 234, 420, 427. Schmidt, F. A.; 18, 21, 34, 35, 36, 48, 49, 88, 90, 94, 118, 132, 133, 142, 143, 145, 287, 290, 291, 292, 295, 298, 299, 302, 363, 382. 388, 392. Schmidt, O. E. ; 61, 62. Schmidt family; 94. "Schmidt's Hall"; 146. Scholarship; 264, 265, 274, 408, 468, 474. School calendar; 273-274. School Plant, Chapter on; 142-158. School year, Length of; 273. Schreuder Mission; 66. Science, General (subject or study) ; 104, 109, 118, 123, 126, 140, 273, 290, 306, 307. Science Building; 78, 475. Scientific apparatus; 150, 15I, 152. Seal of the College; 48, 469. Secretary of the Synod: 57, 59, 108, 466. Seebach, C. H. ; 247, 325, 327, 340, 345, 411, 454. Seehuus, Knut ; 215, 411, 441, 464. Seim, V. L. ; 209, 441. Seippel, Alex.; 90. 94, 99, 118, 133. Seippel family ; 94. Seines. E. R. ; 244, 324, 326, 327, 340, 420. Seltveit, C. G. ; 220, 441, Semester hours; 274, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305. Semesters ; see Terms. Semicentennial ; see Fiftieth anniversary. "Semicentennial" (annual) ; 319, 326. Senior High School; 76, 84, 198, 268, 280, 281, 394. Senior year; 28, 267, 271, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 2V0, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 303, 304, 305. Sevareid,, Alfred; 236, 340. 344. 420. Seven-year course; 70, 82, 267, 269, 271- 272, 389. Seventeenth of May; 312, 335, 336, 355, 365. Severson, E. G. ; 237, 348, 349. Sextonian (society) ; 316. Shakespearean Club; 316. Sheel, H. W. ; 54, 62, 82, 83, 84, 90, 94, 118, 131, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 168, 214, 283, 284, 290, 291, 299, 303, 305, 307, 454. Sheel family; 83, 94. Shefloe, J. S. ; 218, 420, 425. Shervem, H. O.; 242, 417. Sherven, L. O. ; 205, 411, 441. Siefken, C. H. ; 252, 324. Siewers, Lyder ; 18, 54, 59, 61, 88, 90, 94, 99, 119, 132, 133, 134, 283, 290, 291, 292, 300, 302. Sievi'ers family; 94. Sihler, Ernest G. W. ; 249, 326, 419. Sillier, Wilhelm; 15, 94. Sihler, William; 9, 15, 34, 35, 36, 54, 62, 90, 94, 119, 131, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 166, 283, 285, 291, 292, 29.-5, 295, 300, 303, 307, 329, 332, 335, 336, 340, 351, 363, 364. Sihler family; 94. Siljan, O. G. U.; 62. Simley, I. T. ; 243, 324, 353, 417, 454. Simmons, O. K. ; 62. Simonson, Iver ; see Hov, I. S. Singing societies; 30, 361. Siqueland, Harald ; 247, 325, 327, 421. Six-year course; 70, 82, 266, 267, 269, 271, 389. Sixtieth anniversary; 30, 38, 395, 398-410. Chapter on; 398-410. Skaaland, S. G. ; 241, 417. Skagen, J. A. M. ; 241, 441. Skalet, C. H.: 254, 420, 454. Skartvedt, Peder ; 213, 411, 441, 454. Skattebol, Christian; 227, 421. Skauge, N. O. ; 232, 454. Skavlan, O. E. ; 241, 327, 441. Skindlov, A. M.; 60. Skinnemoen, J. S. ; 92, 97, 136, 233, 420. Skipsnaes, J. ; see Johnson, J. A. Skotland, Thore Peterson ; see Peterson, Thore. Skov, V. B.; 220, 321, 441. Skugstad, Jens; 210, 441. Skyberg, H. O.; 211, 411, 441. Skyberg, K. O. ; 214, 423, 441. Sleeping rooms ; see Dormitories. Smeby, H. C. ; 235, 323, 340, 414, 432, 441. Smeby, O. H. ; 206, 411, 441, 454. Smeby, O. V.; 239, 352, 414, 441. Smith, A. C. ; 63, 91, 9(>, 129, 134, 135, 136, 137. Smith, Carsten; 63, 91, 96, 129, 137, 229. Sociology (subject of study) ; 76, 105, 106, 113, 141, 273, 286, 304-305. Sorenson, P. ; 12. Soland, H. N. ; 254, 343. Solberg, C. O. ; 410. Solem, O. M. ; 91, 96, 129, 141, 303, 333, 342 343. Solheim,' Ola'; 36, 91, 9(,, 130, 134, 215, 363, 365, 367, 375, 417, 445, 454, 464. Solseth, O. E. ; 207, 441. Solstad, H. P.; 209, 441, 454. Solum, H. E. ■ 62, 221, 321, 412, 431, 441, 454. Sondresen, Sigvard ; 423, 427. Sophomore year; 28, 271, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305. Sorenson, A. R. ; 234, 416, 426. Sorenson, Andrew; 225, 412, 442. Sorenson, Garfield; 257, 348. Sorenson, M. A.; 251, 419. 508 Sorlien, A. R. ; 250, 325, 326, 341, 342, 343, 345, 348, 421, 431. Sorlien, Carl; 239, 340. Sorlien, H. J.; 237, 323, 340, 420. Sorlien, L. C. ; 250, 324, 326, 341, 342, 345, 348, 356, 419. Sorlien, O. C. ; 244, 340. Sorlien, S. O. ; 250, 337, 34L 342, 343, 345. Sorose, Bernhard ; 239, 326. South Dakota Luther College Club; 431, 432. South .Wing; 69, 144, 145, 146, 147, 389. Southern Wisconsin Luther College Club ; 317, 430, 432. Special instructors and officials; 91, 92, 96, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 376. "Spectator"; 313, 315. Sperati, C. A.; 30, 34, 35, 36, 90, 95, 119. 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, 140, 146, 222, 285, 300, 307, 348, 363, 364, 366, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374. 375, 376, 377, 378, 398, 407, 409, 410, 417, 441, 454. Sperati, Mrs. C. A.; 95, 375. Sperati, C. E. ; 242, 418, 454. Sperati, C. V.; 251, 337, 341, 343, 348, 404. Sperati, K. Marie; 307. Sperati, O. Angelo ; 248, 377, 406. Sperati, P. H. ; 242, 419. Sperati, S. R. ; 257, 337. Sperati family; 95. Sperlev, John; 237, 421. Sponheim, O. H. ; 237, 344, 352, 420, 432, 454. Sports and games; 328-353, 359-360. Stabo, Trend; 60, 61, 62, 63, 91, 96, 130, 138, 140, 410. Stalland, K. D. ; 250, 325, 326, 327, 349, 350, 416, 426, 431. Stalland, Mrs. K. D. ; 63, 74. Standards, Educational; 274, 408, 468, 483. Statue of Luther: 77, 153, 403, 472, 484. Stavaas. M. O. ; 254. Steen, E. B. ; 255, 324, 341, 342, 350. Steen, S. J.; 255, 326, 327. Steensland, Halle; 61. Steensland, J. G. ; 227, 322, 323, 419, 432. Steensland, M. M. ; 60, 222, 321, 336, 348, 420, 424, 445, 454. Stenographer; 54, 79, 307. Stenographic Club; 316. Stensby, Theodore: 245, 325, 327, 423. Stenseth, Chr. : 63, 307. Stensrud, E. M ; 223, 322, 374, 412, 441, 464. Stevens, Don A.; 255, 325. Steward; 53, 55, 63, 143, 146, 147, 382. Stoen, C. G. ; 249, 324, 350. Storaasli, Gynther : 244. 324, 340, 344, 345, 419, 441, 467. Storaker, E. P. ; 222, 454. Storli, K. O.; 211, 411, 441. Stormo, C. A.; 250, 324, 340, 341, 345, 416, 441. Storstad, A. G. ; 244, 325, 326, 348, 349, 411. Stortroen, Marvil ; 256, 348. Storvxck, A. O. ; 252, 325, 326, 343, 420, 445. Storvick, R. O. ; 252, 324, 326, 341, 342, 343, 345, 419, 454. Stoughton Academy; 391. Strand, H. J.; 62, 209, 361, 411, 441. Strand, Herman; 237, 411. Strand, T. E. ; 236, 344, 421. Strand, J. J. ; 220, 412, 442. Strand, T. J.; 231, 442. Strandjord, S. J. H. ; 249, 442. Strandskov, H. C. ; 214, 442. Streeter, E. M. ; 246, 340, 341, 345, 420. Stromme, P. O. ; 31, 34, 209, 285, 408, 423, 430, 442, 454, 464. Strom, A. E. ; 233, 414, 442. Strom, C. W. ; 56, 63, 90, 95, 120, 139, 140, 251, 293, 299, 307, 309, 324, 326, 353, 401, 419, 431, 432, 454. Strom, E. I.; 95, 172, 223, 321, 412, 431, 442, 454. Strom, H. H. ; 60. Strom, O. A.; 92- 97, 136, 229, 320, 322, 412, 442, 454, 467. Strom, O. J.; 256, 409. Strom family (C. W. Strom) ; 95. Struxness, A. ; 431. Struxness, Edwart ; 238, 323, 414, 442. Stub, H. A., Sr. ; 12, 13, 95. Stub, H. A. COO); 232, 414. 442. Stub, H. G. ; 25, 34, 35, 59, 60, 62, 63. 77, 90, 95, 120, 136, 156, 176, 206, 310, 318, 392, 394, 395, 406, 407, 409, 415, 416, 425, 442, 454, 464, 466, 467. Stub, Ingolf; 238, 350. Stub, T. A. O.; 225, 322, 323, 416, 425, 442, 467. Stub, O. T. A.; 214, 423, 442. Stub family (H. G. Stub) ; 95. Stubb, L. O. ; 60. Student aid; 158, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 178, 431. Student Assistants; 89, 90, 92, 97, 98, 101, 110, 114, 117, 120, 123, 131. Student fees; 159, 170, 173, 175. Student life: 17, 18, 30, 37, 38, 55, 68, 71, 169, 276, 314, 329, 335, 336, 342, 471. Student organizations, Chapter on; 309- 327. Student organizations and activities ; 30, 38, 69. 77, 78, 86, 145, 146, 154, 155, 159, 160, 265, 290, 299, 300, 303, 309- 377. Student publications; 56, 318-320, 321-326. Student Singers' Association of Norway : 119, 362. Students; 204, 205-258, 265-266, 398, 408. Pictures of; 249. 259, 390. Roster of: 205-258. Students' Army Training Corps ; 47, 76, 79, 120, 125, 126, 127, 269-271, 272, 343, 355-357, 396, 397. Students' Union; 309, 311, 313. Students' Union Convention ; see Lutheran Students' Union Convention. Study clubs: 316, 317, 318. Study hours; 274. Study rooms; 17, 55, 72, 157, 276, 382. Styve, O. C. ; 232, 323, 421, 454. Subey, W. A.: 246, 324, 411. Sumstad, M. O. : 239, 327, 414, 442. -Sunday Association; 38, 317. Sunday schools; 38, 317. Sundby, G. A.; 233, 323, 414, 442. Sundheim, J. M. ; 60. 62. "Sunnyside Property"; 155. Surveying ("subject of study); 76, 118, 141, 272, 273, 299, 305. Svanoe, Bjarne ; 90, 95, 120, 138, 329. Svanoe family; 95. Svare, H. O. ; 431. "Svein Urad"; 318. Sveine, Svein; 229, 323. Svenning, W. N. ; 255, 325. Svennungsen, Stener ; 206, 442, 454. Swain, C. C. ; 62. Swalestuen, J. D. ; 222, 442. Swansen, H. F. ; 62, 84, 86, 90, 95, 121, 140, 246, 324, 358, 418, 454. 509 Swansen family; 86, 95. Swanson, L. O. ; 246, 340, 418. Swennes, O. S. ; 222, 336, 416, 426. Swensen, A. W. ; 251, 419, 454. Swensen, Daniel; 222, 442. Swensen, ,W. J.; 245, 418. Swenson, B. C. ; 225, 414, 442. Swenson, L. S. ; 60, 62, 78, 160, 220, 321, 394, 402, 408, 419, 424, 431, 454, 464. Syftestad, O. P.; 211, 336, 423, 442. Symphonia (glee club) ; 363. Synod for the Norwegian Lutheran Church in America ; see Norwegian Synod. Taft, W. H.; 356. Tallakson, H. A.; 251, 345. Tallakson, S. L. ; 238, 323, 407, 414, 432, 442. Talle, H. O. ; 90, 95, 121, 139, 184, 249, 286, 289, 290, 291, 298, 307, 318, 324, 326, 327, 418, 454. Talle family; 95. Tande, Ole ; 217, 420, 445. Tarvestad, T. C. ; 368. Tasa, Gilbert; 228, 411. Teachers, Training of; 266, 268, 279, 286, 287, 297, 389, 474. Teachers at the College ; see Faculty. Teachers from Norway ; see Norway, Teachers from. Teaching load. Distribution of; 132-138, 140-141, 306, 307. Teigen, Martin; 228, 341, 342, 442. Teisberg, A. K. ; 90. 95, 121, 133, 206, 419, 454, 465. Teisberg, C. B. ; 234, 416, 426. Teisberg, C. O. ; 229, 323, 421, 432, 454. Teisberg, Thomas; 92, 97, 239, 323, 421. Teisberg family (A. K. Teisberg) ; 9S. Tennis; 153, 331, 350, 351-353. Tenold, O. A.; 62. Terms; 135, 136, 272, 274, 282, 306, 307. Textbooks; 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 114, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 29ft, 291, 292, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305. Theological Department; 24, 25, 26, 66, 100, 391. Theological students; 444-445, 446. Theology, Study of; 28, 70, 71, 76, 170, 171, 172, 173, 266, 444, 474. Thistedahl, Chr. ; 64. Thoen, E. A.; 246, 324, 325, 349. Thoen, J. E.; 224, 321, 322, 412, 442, 454. Thoen, Lauritz ; 206, 430, 454. Thollehaug, S. K. ; 228, 442, 454, 465. Thompsen, P. ; 63. Thompson, C. S. ; 230, 320, 322, 323, 370, 376, 412, 442, 454. Thompson, J. B. ; 60. Thompson, J. & Sons; 368. Thompson, M. A.; 251, 325, 341, 345, 419. Thompson, O. C. ; 248, 442. Thompson, S. L. ; 229, 442. Thompson, T. A. ; 170. Thompson, Mrs. T. A.; 170. Thompson, T. E. ; 62, 90, 95, 121, 137. 138, 140, 236, 289, 290, 317, 323, 327, 351, 417, 424, 454. Thompson family (T. E. Thompson) ; 95. Thorgrimsen, G. G. C. J.; 247, 324, 420. Thorgrimsen, H. A. S, ; 258, 350. Thorgrimsen, H. B. ; 92, 97, 134, 214, 363, 366, 367, 375, 403, 409, 411, 442. Thorkveen, L. P.; 221, 442, 454, 465. Thorlaksson, N. S. ; 216, 416, 442. 466. Thorpe, C. S. ; 236, 414, 442, 467. Thorpe, L. O. ; 60, 61, 207, 368. Thorpe, N. B.; 246, 324. 349, 414, 442. Thorpe, O. B. ; 220, 423, 442. Thorpe, O. C. ; 243, 421. Thorsen, M. H.; 238, 344, 416, 426, 445 Thorsen, Markus ; 211, 442. Thorsen, O. H. ; 250, 324, 327, 421. Thorsgaard, K. L. ; 224, 335, 336, 340, 341, 3,42, 416, 426. Thorson, H. ; 368. Thorson, I. A.; 61, 62. 92, 98, 136, 225, 336, 340, 341, 342, 366, 375, 421. Thorstensen, Knut ; 205, 442. Thorstenson, K. A.; 232, 421, 431, 454. Thorvilson, T. K. ; 211, 363, 365, 423, 442, 465. Throndsen, Knud ; 34, 90, 95, 122, 132. Throndsen family; 95. Thuland, C. M. ; 222, 416, 426. Thykesen, E. ; 60. Tingelstad, Bent; 60, 84, 95. Tingelstad, Edvin ; 247, 324, 327, 418, 431. Tingelstad, John; 36, 90, 95, 122, 134, 135, 219, 363, 366, 370, 417, 424, 442, 455. Tingelstad, O. A. ; 34, 35, 36, 54, 62, 63, 84-85, 88. 90, 95, 122. 137, 138. 139, 140, 141, 238, 275, 285, 286, 287, 303, 304, 307, 317, 323, 326, 344, 374, 404, 417, 424, 433, 435, 442, 455, 465, 467. Tingelstad family (Tohn Tingelstad) ; 95. Tingelstad family (O. A. Tingelstad) ; 84, 95. Tjernagel, H. M. ; 92, 98. 136, 225, 321, 322. 368, 375, 442, 455, 465, 467. Tjernagel, L. J. ; 368. T6nnesen, T. H. ; 216, 442. Tonnesen, T. J. E. ; 220, 442. Tollefsrud, E. O. ; 252, 324, 326, 342. Tollefsrud, M. B. ; 251, 324, 349, 420, 445. Tolo, A. T. ; 250, 325, 326, 327, 405, 420, 445, 455. Tolo, g'. W. ; 249, 416, 442. Tolo, H. M.; 252, 326. 342, 419. Tolo, T. O.; 223, 318, 321, 412, 442, 455, 465. Tonning, Ole; 235, 350, 351, 417, 424, 455. Topness, S. M. ; 247, 340, 345, 414, 442, 445, 455. Torgerson, A. T. ; 223, 442. Torgerson, Abel; 238, 340. Torgerson, Andreas; 208. 334. 335. Torgerson. J. A. C. ; 92, 98. 232, 323, 340, 420, 455. Torgerson, T. A.; 59, 60, 61, 98. Torgerson. Thomas: 235, 376. Torgerson, W. B. ; 223, .122, 336. Torrison, A. O. ; 238, 416, 426. Torrison, Aaron: 225, 335. 336, 340. 342. Torrison. G. A.; 62, 219. 321, 336, 407, 416, 425. Torrison, Gustav ; 222, 336. Torrison, I. B. ; 34, 35, 63, 90, 95, 123. 127, 137, 138, 140, 160, 213, 285, 317, 336, 367, 402, 406, 411, 431, 442, 455, 465. Torrison, N. G. ; 223, 321, 336, 420, 432. Torrison, O. M. ; 217, 365, 407, 419, 426. Torrison, O. T. ; 256, 337. Torrison, Osuld, 61, 95, 368. Torrison, T. E. ; 60, 61, 210, 423. Torrison, W. L. ; 225, 322, 335, 336, 340, 342, 421. Torrison family (I. B. Torrison) ; 95. Track athletics; 126, 128, 149, 153, 333, 350-351. Treasurer of the Board of Trustees ; see Trustees, Board of. Treasurer. Treasurer of the College; 49, 53, 54, 62-63, 72, 103, 111, 117, 264, 306. 510 Treasurer of the College, Assistant ; 63. Treasurer of the Corporation ; see Corpora- tion, Luther College. Treasurer of the Synod; 59. Tri-State Conference; 331. Trunk house; 145, 147, 149. Trustees, Board of; 49, 57, 58, 60-62, 100, 101, 102, 107, 108, 109, 111, 116, 129, 130, 161, 172, 263, 264, 387, 410. Election of members; 57, 264. Meetings; 58. President; 57, 58, 60, 100, 130, 264. Secretary; 57, 58, 60, 82, 100, 101, 107, 108, 109, 111, 116, 171, 264. Term of office of members; 57, 58. Treasurer; 57, 58, 61, 100, 264. Vacancies; 57. Trytten, C. O. ; 241, 420. Trytten, E. G. ; 255, 337, 341, 351. Trytten, G. N. ; 251, 325, 343, 419, 455. Trytten, J. M. ; 243, 353, 420, 431. Trytten, M. H. ; 54, 56, 84, 90, 95, 123, 139, 140, 141, 248, 283, 299, 304, 307, 325, 411, 418, 455. Trytten, O. B. ; 258, 350. Trytten family (M. H. Trytten) ; 95. Tufte, M. C. ; 222, 321, 423, 442, 455. - Tufte, O. B.! 242, 319, 326, 348, 414, 442. Tuition; 170, 173, 175, 482. Turmo, A. M. ; 237, 442. Turmo, A. O. ; 98, 209, 442. Turmo, Olaf ; 92, 98, 136, 231, 322, 323, 414, 442, 465. Turmo, Stener ; 231, 414, 431, 442, 455. Turmo, U. A.; 255, 350. Turning; 329, 348-350. Turning Club; 303, 329, 348-350. Tvedt, C. W. ; 255, 325, 326. Tvedt, N. G. ; 207, 423, 442. Tvete, N. K. ; 60. Tweten, J. O. ; 235, 323, 414, 442. Tweten, O.; 60. Twin City Luther College Club; 432. Twito, Helmer; 92, 98, 138, 248, 418. Tyssen, Carl; 90, 95, 123, 138, 238, 323, 417, 424, 455. Tyssen family; 95. Ulen, G. C. ; 225, 442. UUensvang, L. L. ; 232, 414, 442. Ulsaker, S. K. ; 217, 423, 442. Ulvilden, George; 84, 90, 95, 123, 140, 248, 324 345 414 442 455. Ulvilden, Reinhardt ; 243, 326, 340, 345, 414, 442. Ulvilden family (George Ulvilden) ; 95. Union of synods; 51, 55, 74, 1^, 187, 193, 194. Unit (society) ; 310. United Norwegian Lutheran Church; 51, 193. "University Fund;" 16, 24, 25, 172, 385, 386. "University" resolution; 24, 385. Unseth, J. B. ; 228, 412, 432, 442. Unseth, M. A.; 221, 416, 426, 432. Unseth, M. W. ; 251, 324, 349, 353, 420. Upidee Glee Club; 363. Urnes, J. A.; 220, 442, 455. Urness, J. N. ; 92, 98, 242, 326, 418, 425, 431. Ursin, N. B.; 238, 442. Vaala, A. O. ; 237, 417, 455. Vaaler, A. J.; 92, 98, 239, 323, 326, 327, 414, 442, 455. Vaaler, E. A.; 235, 323, 423, 442, 455. Vaaler, J. R. ; 95, 98, 208, 442. Vaaler, K. B. ; 342, 323, 324, 327, 414, 442. Vaaler, Torvald ; 90. 95, 124, 140, 251, 324, ' 420, 455. Vacation schools ; 44. Valder, C. H. ; 91, 96, 130, 134, 135, 302. Vangen, C. O. ; 237, 420, 455. Vangsnes, O. P.; 60, 62, 209, 361, 423, 442, 465, 466. Varlo, Olaf; 209, 423. Veblen, A. A.; 90, 95, 124, 133, 134. Ventilation; 147, 148, 153. Vereide, O. M. ; 220, 412, 442. Vetleson, Torjus ; 206, 442. Vice-President of the Synod; 59, 66, 1A 100, 102, 108, 1'20, 466. Vigness, L. A. ; 62. Vik, E. O. ; 217, 367, 411, 442. Viking ship; 407. Vinnor, A. T. ; 205, 423, 443. Violin (study) ; 92, 376. Visitation and inspection; 49, 57 58 59 263. . . . Visitors, Board of; 49, 50, 57, 58 59 120 263, 264. Voice culture; 92, 376, 475 Volapuk Club; 316. Void, E. E. ; 61. Voldeng, M. N. ; 217, 419, 425. Vollum, E. O.; 237, 323, 416, 426. Volumes in the Library; 159, 160, 161 163 166, 478. Waage, Johannes, Jr.; 90, 95, 124, 140, 246 324, 327, 420, 455. Waage, Johannes, Sr. ; 95, 215 443 Waage, K. O. ; 246, 416, 443. Waage family ; 95. Waldeland, Erik; 59. Waldorf College; 196, 197. Walhus, Nora; 63, 91, 96, 130, 307 Waller, M. C. ; 92, 98, 135, 225, 322 415- 443, 455. ' "' Waller, T. H. ; 244, 340. Walther, C. F W. ; 15, 66, 392. Wanberg, R. T. ; 244, 324, 325, 414, 443. War courses; lOS, 117, 140, 141 27*' 287 396. Water Supply; 143, 144, 145, 147, 148. 154. Webster (society); 315. Weeks, S. W. ; 211, 334, 335. Wein, H. J.; 230, 320, 322, 323 342, 414 432, 443. ... Weiser, H. S. ; 254, 341. Welo, J. I.; 207, 423, 443. Werthwein, Pearl ; 92. Westby, J. M. ; 252, 342, 343, 350. Western Intercollegiate Gymnastic Meet; 349. Western Minnesota Luther College Club • 429, 432. Western North Dakota Luther College Club; 432. Westward Movement; 184, 185 19^ 193 194, 261. White, A. O. ; 92, 98, 136, 230, 414, 443. Whitney, Casper; 336. Widvey, P. A.; 211, 443. Wierson, A. T. ; 249, 418, 455. Wierson, L. I.; 255, 325 Wiese, M. Fr. ; 63. Wilhelmsen, O. I. M. ; 211 443 Willett, G. R. ; 49. Willett, George; 210, 443. Williams, H. W. ; 242, 340, 344. Willmar Seminary; 390. Wind-mill; 145. Winger, J. E. ; 228, 336, 340. 341, 342, 423, 445. Winger, Oscar; 432. Winneshiek County; 189, 191. Winneshiek County Sangerforbund ; 403 Wiprud, T. T. ; 222, 443. Wisnaes, J. C. ; 241, 348, 349, 414, 443. Wisnaes, R. J.; 213, 443. 511 Wisness, A. M. ; 246, 324, 345, 409, 418. Wittenberg Academy; 391. Woll, Oluf; 222, 443. WoUan, C. I.; 90, 95, 124, 138, 243, 324, 344, 345, 421, 455. Wollan, G. B. : 230, 322, 342, 370, 421, 432, 455, 465. Wollan, G. C.; 230, 323, 421, 455. Wollan, M. A.; 60. Wollan, O. B. F. ; 235, 420. Wollan, W. A.; 244, 326, 345, 349, 420. Wollan family (C. I. Wollan) ; 95. Women of the Church; 230, 471, 472. Work-shop; 149, 151. Works, Frances; 92, 96. World War, Luther College and the; 47, 79, 86, 269-271, 309, 315, 395-397. Wraamann, W. W. ; 208, 455, 465. Wrolstad, J. O. ; 236, 414, 443, 455. Wulfsberg, Einar ; 230, 417, 443. Wulfsberg, J. A. O.; 236, 414, 443. Xavier, J. U. ; 92, 98, 135, 223, 322, 417, 443 455 465. Xavier, Karl '; 67,' 222, 412, 443, 455, 465. Ygdrasil (society); 311, 312, 313. Ylvisaker, A. C. ; 60, 215, 411. Ylvisaker, C. B. ; 249, 324, 353, 416, 443. Ylvisaker, H. L. ; 247, 324, 326, 418. Ylvisaker, I. D. ; 60, 220, 321. 376, 406, 416, 443, 466. Ylvisaker, J. F. ; 248, 420, 443, 467. Ylvisaker, J. W. ; 252, 324, 325, 326, 342, 353, 419, 455. Ylvisaker, Johan Th. ; 34, 35, 63, 90, 95, 125, 135, 210, 423, 443, 455, 466. Ylvisaker, Johannes; 31, 33, 62, 95, 211, 423, 425, 443, 455, 466. Ylvisaker, L. S. ; 242, 323, 324, 351, 352, 353, 416, 426, 445. Ylvisaker, N. M. ; 235, 323, 416, 443, 467. Ylvisaker, N. W. ; 242, 414, 443. Ylvisaker, Olaf ('88); 220, 321, 336, 423, 445. Ylvisaker, Olaf S. ; 232, 421, 443. Ylvisaker, R. S. ; 252, 325, 353, 420. Ylvisaker, S. C. ; 34, 35, 36, 90, 95, 125, 137, 138, 140, 236, 285, 293, 295, 317, 357, 417, 425, 443, 455, 466. Ylvisaker, S. J. N. ; 225, 322, 340, 412, 432, 443, 467. Ylvisaker, W. O. ; 252, 343. Ylvisaker family (Johan Th. Ylvisaker) ; 95. Ylvisaker family (S. C. Ylvisaker); 95. Young People's Association; 317. Young People's Luther League; 85, 87, 374, 375, 416, 462, 467. Young people's societies ; 37, 38, 377. Ytterboe, H. T. ; 215, 336, 423, 455. Zoology (subject of study); 110, 118, 119, 134, 135, 136, 137, 269, 271, 272, 283. 512 jPS'; .M'-':»: