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TMK 
 
 VETERINARIAN'S CALL-BOOK 
 
 (PERPETUAL). 
 
 A Visiting List which can 15e commenced at any 
 
 TIME AND USED UNTIL FULL, CONTAINING MUCH 
 
 USEFUL INFORMATION FOR THE STUDENT 
 
 AND BUSY PRACTITIONER. 
 
 \. V 
 
 y^" '\ ■ 
 
 By ROSCOE R. BELL. D.V.S. 
 
 Professor of Materia Medica^ Therapeutics and Hygiene in 
 
 the American Veterinary College, New York; President 
 
 of the Long- Is/and J'cft'rinary Society: Late U. S. 
 
 Government Veterinary Inspector., Etc, 
 
 A: 
 
 New YoRK:i ^ j, j^^;^. 
 
 SABISTON & MuWaY, ^5,^ 
 
 Veterinary Publishers and Bookselleti^^"_- - 
 916 Sixth Avenue, 
 
 1893. / 
 
 )7Z<iZ)j 
 
CONTENTS, 
 
 
 Page. 
 Preface , 
 
 Calendar 4 
 
 Table of Signs for Keeping Accounts 5 
 
 Common Abbreviations Used in Writing Prescriptions 6 
 
 Chief Veterinary Drugs, their Actions and Doses 7 
 
 Poisons ; Brief Symptoms and Antidotes 20 
 
 Solubility of Drugs chiefly Used 25 
 
 Composition of the Milk of Domestic Animals 30 
 
 Relative Values " " ' 
 
 Composition of the Bile " ' 
 
 Blood " 
 
 Hourly Secretion of Bile by ' 
 
 Composition of the Gastric Juice of ' 
 
 " " Urine of ' 
 
 " " Saliva of ' 
 
 Duration of CRstrum of ' 
 
 Respiratory and Pulse Rates of ' 
 
 Duration of Gestation of 
 Composition of the Faeces of ' 
 
 Kreutzer's Table of Dentition in the Domestic Animals 35 
 
 Normal Internal Temperature of Domestic Animals 36 
 
 Weights and Measures — Imperial, Domestic and Metric 36 
 
 Laws of Chemical Incompatibility 37 
 
 Table for Making any Quantity of Solution when Stated in 
 
 Parts per Thousand, Hundred., etc 38 
 
 Table for Making any Quantity of Percentage Solutions 39 
 
 Animal Nomenclature 40 
 
 Weight of \'arious Styles of Horses 41 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congressi in the year 1893, by 
 
 Sabiston & Murray, 
 
 in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 
 
PREFACE, 
 
 In presenting this edition of 1893 of " The Veterinarian's Call- 
 Book," the compiler takes pleasure in acknowledging the kind re- 
 ception and popular support accorded by the profession of Amer- 
 ica to the maiden venture. Having proven itself to be so welcome 
 an addition to the veterinary surgeon's business outfit, as well as a 
 reliable reference work, it has been our aim for the edition of 1893 
 to make it even more valuable than its predecessor ; and to this 
 end, additional interesting matter and other improvements have 
 been introduced, which it is hoped will endear it more to the prac- 
 titioner and student. 
 
 On account of the difficulty in securing the co-operation of 
 many of the secretaries of veterinary associations, it has been 
 found impossible to present a perfect and complete roster of the 
 various societies and other matters, and, rather than present this 
 class of material in an imperfect shape, it has been deemed best 
 to expunge it entirely, and to replace it by statistical and other 
 subjects of reference. 
 
 Many veterinarians of large practice have found the '' Call- 
 Book " too small in its account department, and to meet this re- 
 quirement a special edition will be issued, containing twice the 
 number of pages that existed in the first edition. 
 
 It is believed that the issue of 1893 will be found more nearly 
 approaching the ideal "Call-Book" than its predecessor, and it 
 will be our aim to always keep it in touch with veterinary 
 progress. 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. i, 1853. ROSCOE R. BELL. 
 
1893 
 
 CO 
 
 1= 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 4 
 
 Thur 
 Frid. 
 
 CO 
 
 1893 
 
 CO 
 
 O 
 
 ZJ 
 
 -6 
 
 a; 
 
 =3 
 1— 
 
 
 CO 
 
 "7 
 
 JAN. 
 
 1 
 
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 JULY. 
 
 
 8 
 
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 FEB. 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
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 AUG. 
 
 
 
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 MAR. 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
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 SEPT. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 APR. 
 
 , , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 OCT. 
 
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 NOV. 
 
 
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 MAY. 
 
 
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 DEC. 
 
 
 . , 
 
 ^ , 
 
 , , 
 
 , , 
 
 1 
 
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 JUNE. 
 
 .. 
 
 , . 
 
 , , 
 
 
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 3 
 
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 •• 
 
TABLE OF SIGNS. 
 
 The following table will be found a convenient and compre- 
 hensive method of keeping the call account in the diary. Each 
 patient has a line, and each day its column. The marks on the 
 margin below are intended to be made in the column under the 
 proper date, and immediately on a line with the patient's name — 
 thus preventing the possibility of overlooking an engagement 
 made days ahead. For instance, for a visit to be made a diagonal 
 line is drawn ; when the visit has been made it is crossed ; for a 
 second visit made a second cross is made ; if more than one patient 
 is seen a figure indicating the number is placed in the upper arra.s 
 of the cross, and so on. 
 
 / 
 
 X 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 )^ 
 
 $ 
 
 X" 
 
 
 
 Call to be made. 
 
 Call made. 
 
 Two calls made. 
 
 Two patients seen at one call. 
 
 Call made and medicine furnished. 
 
 Examination for soundness. 
 
 Oflflce call. 
 
 Consultation held. 
 
 Surgical call made. 
 
 Night call. 
 
COMMON ABBREVIATIONS USED IN 
 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 
 
 Abbrcviatiou. 
 
 Latin word. 
 
 English. 
 
 aii 
 
 Ana 
 
 Of each. 
 
 afia 
 
 Amalgam 
 
 Amalgam. 
 
 Ad 
 
 Ad 
 
 To. 
 
 Ad— 2D 
 
 Ad duas doses 
 
 At two doses. 
 
 Ad saturand 
 
 Ad saturandum 
 
 Until saturated. 
 
 Ad lib. 
 
 Ad libitum 
 
 At pleasure. 
 
 Aq. tepid 
 
 Aqua tepida 
 
 Warm water. 
 
 Aq. ferv'. 
 
 Aqua fervens 
 
 Hot water. 
 
 Aq. dest. 
 
 Aqua destillata 
 
 Distilled water. 
 
 Aq. font. 
 
 Aqua fontana 
 
 Spring water. 
 
 Bull. 
 
 Eulliat 
 
 Boil it. 
 
 C. 
 
 Congius 
 
 A gallon. 
 
 Cap. 
 
 Capiat 
 
 Take it. 
 
 Chart. 
 
 Chartula 
 
 A small paper (powder). 
 
 Coch. 
 
 Cochleare 
 
 A spoonful. 
 
 Coch. mag. 
 
 Cochleare magnum 
 
 A tablespoonful. 
 
 Coch. parv. 
 
 Cochleare par\-um 
 
 A teaspoonful. 
 
 Colent. 
 
 Colentur 
 
 Let them be strained. 
 
 Collyr. 
 
 Collyrium 
 
 An eye-water. 
 
 Comp. 
 
 Compositum 
 
 Compounded. 
 
 Contus. 
 
 Contusus 
 
 Bruised or broken. 
 
 Div. 
 
 Divide 
 
 Divide. 
 
 F. or Ft. 
 
 Fiat or Fiant 
 
 Let there be made 
 
 Fol. 
 
 Folium or Folia 
 
 A leaf or leaves. 
 
 Garg. 
 
 Gargarisma 
 
 A gargle. 
 
 Gr. 
 
 Granum or grana 
 
 A grain or grains. 
 
 Gtt. 
 
 Gutta or Guttse 
 
 A drop or drops. 
 
 Haust. 
 
 Haustus 
 
 A draught. 
 
 Infus. 
 
 Infusum 
 
 An infusion. 
 
 M. 
 
 i>Iisce 
 
 Mi.x. 
 
 Mass. 
 
 Massa 
 
 A mass. 
 
 ■Mist. 
 
 Mistura 
 
 A mixture. 
 
 0. 
 
 Octarius 
 
 A pint. 
 
 Pil. 
 
 rilula or pilula; 
 
 A pill or pills. 
 
 P.R.N. 
 
 Pro re nata 
 
 As demanded. 
 
 Pulv. 
 
 Pulvis or pulveres 
 
 A powder or powders. 
 
 Q.S. 
 
 Quantum sufficit 
 
 A sufficient quantity. 
 
 R. 
 
 Recipe 
 
 Take. 
 
 Rad. 
 
 Radix 
 
 A root. 
 
 S. or Sig. 
 
 Signa 
 
 Write. 
 
 Ss. 
 
 Semis 
 
 The half. 
 
 Tinct. 
 
 Tinctura 
 
 A tincture. 
 
CHIEF VETERINARY DRUGS. 
 
 THEIR MOST PROMINENT ACTIONS, AND DOSAGE 
 FOR VARIOUS ANIMALS. 
 
 [Abbreviations: \l., /io?-xf : C^cow; D., i/o^; S., s/tc-e/>.] 
 
 Acaci(s GiiiiDitis (Gum Acacia). — Demulcent and emollient. Dose 
 immaterial. 
 
 Acetanilid. — Antipyretic and anti-rheumatic. 
 
 Acetnin (Vinegar). — Styptic, astringent, diuretic and lithonthrip- 
 tic. Externally cooling wash. H., 5 i-ij ; C., 3 iii-i^' ; I^-> 
 m xv-xxv ; S., 3 i-ij- 
 
 Acetum Cantkaridiiin (Vinegar of Canthandes). — Externally as 
 counter-irritant. 
 
 Acetum Scillce (Vinegar of Squill). —Stimulating expectorant. 
 D., m x-lx. 
 
 AcidujH Aceticuin (Acetic Acid).— Not given internally; the di- 
 lute internally has same action as vinegar. Externally, corro- 
 sive. 
 
 Acidnm Arseniosuin (Arsenious Acid). — Internally, tonic and 
 alterative. Externally, caustic if pure ; diluted, applied in 
 skin diseases. H., gr. ij-vii ; C, gr. v-xv ; D., gr. y^-y ; 
 S., gr. i-ij. 
 
 Acidiim Benzokum (Benzoic Acid).— Diuretic (excreting hippuric 
 acid); stimulating expectorant. H. and C, 3 iv-vi ; D., gr. 
 i-x. 
 
 Acidum Boricum (Boric Acid).— Externally as antiseptic. 
 
 Acidum Carbolicum (Carbolic Acid).— Antiseptic, deodorizer and 
 disinfectant. Internally, givea in anthrax fever, malignant 
 strangles and purpura haemorrhagica ; also pyaemia and septic 
 conditions. H., m x-xx ; C, m x-lx ; S., m v-x ; D., m i. E.k- 
 ternally caustic, and dilute (i to 40 or 50 of water) antiseptic 
 and disinfectant to wounds, etc. 
 
 Aciduvi Citricum (Citric Acid). — Diminishes thirst and allays 
 restlessness. H., 3 i. 
 
 Acidum Gallicttm (Gallic Acid).— Vegetable astringent for sys- 
 temic effects. H., gr. xv-lx ; C, gr. xx-lxxx ; D., gr. i-v. 
 
 Acidicm Hydrobroviicuin Dilutum (Diluted Hydrobromic Acid). 
 — Nerve sedative. D.,y3 i-ij. 
 
 Acidum Hydrochloricum (Hydrochloric Acid). — Externally as 
 corrosive for canker and for removal of warts. 
 
8 
 
 Acidion HydrochloricuiH Dilutmn (Diluted Hydrochloric Acid), 
 —Tonic, astringent and antiseptic, and as antidote to poison- 
 ing by alkalies. H.,y3ss-ij; C, 3 ij-iv ; S., m x-xx ; D., 
 m ij-x. 
 
 Aciduin Hydrocyanic um Diliittiin (Diluted Hydrocyanic or 
 Prussic Acid). — Nerve sedative. H. and C, m xx-xl ; S., 
 m v-xx ; D., m ii-iv. In coughs in dogs and in tetanus. E.x- 
 ternally to allay pruritic irritation. 
 
 Acidum Nitriciim (Nitric Acid). — Caustic for warts and warty 
 growths. 
 
 Aciduin Nitricum Dilutiiin (Diluted Nitric Acid).^Tonic, as- 
 tringent and alterative. H. and C, / 3 i-ij ; S., m xv-x\ ; 
 D., m ij-x. 
 
 Acidnm Nitro-HydrocJiloriciiin Dilution (Diluted Nitro-Hydro- 
 chloric Acid). — Astringent, alterative and tonic. H. and C, 
 y"3 i-iii ; S., m x-xx ; D., ij-x. 
 
 Aciduin Phosphor icu in Dilutuin (Diluted Phosphoric Acid). — 
 Tonic to osseous, nervous and generative systems. H.,y3i iii ; 
 D., m v-xxx. 
 
 Acidum 'aalicylicuin (Salicylic Acid). — Antiseptic and disinfect- 
 ant, antipyretic and antirheumatic. H., 3 i-iii ; Calves, 3ij; 
 D., gr. x-xv\ 
 
 Aciduin Sulphur icum (Sulphuric Acid). — Externally, for removal 
 of cancerous growths and warts. 
 
 Aciduin Sulphuricuin Dilutuin (Diluted Sulphuric Acid). — As- 
 tringent, tonic, refrigerant and antiseptic ; useful in nearly the 
 same cases as the dilute hydrochloric acid, being better in dys- 
 enteric fevers. H.,y 3 i-ii; C.,y"3 ii-iv; S.,y"3 ss-i; D., miij-vi. 
 Externally astringent, styptic and caustic. 
 
 Aciduin Sulphuriosuin (Sulphurous Acid). — Antiseptic, disin- 
 fectant and deoxydizant, given in malignant strangles, pur- 
 pura, erysipelas, influenza. H. and C, J"^ i-iss ; S., yz ss-i ; 
 D., m xx-xxx. Externally, disinfectant for stables, sheds and 
 kennels in which animals suffering from infectious diseases 
 have been kept. 
 
 Aciduin Tannicuin (Tannic Acid). — Internally, astringent and 
 styptic. H., 3 ss-ij ; C, 3 i-iii ; S., gr. xv-xxx ; D., gr. ij-xx. 
 Externally, styptic and astringent. Antidote to poisoning by 
 many vegetable alkaloids. 
 
 Aciduin Tartaricuin — (Tartaric Acid). — See A iitiinonii et Potas- 
 sii Tartras. 
 
 Aeon Hum (Aconite). — Cardiac, respiratory and spinal depressant ; 
 diaphoretic, diuretic and antipyretic. Fleming's tincture: 
 H., m v-xx ; C, x-x.tx ; S., m v-x ; D., m i-v. Externally, 
 anodyne. 
 
 Aconitina (.\conitine). — Same as Aconite. Dose not determined. 
 
9 
 
 Ade/'s Benzoatus (Benzoated Lard). — Antiseptic vehicle for oint- 
 ments. 
 
 Adeps Preparatus (Prepared Lard). — Internally, melted, as ca- 
 thartic and demulcent. H. and C, lb. i-ij. E.vtensively as 
 vehicle for ointments. 
 
 JEtlier (Sulphuric Ether). — Stimulant, antispasmodic, anodyne 
 and anaesthetic. H., _/"5 i-ij ; C, y"3 ii-iii ; S., y"3 ij-iv ; D., 
 JZ ss-i. Externally, refrigerant, anodyne and local anass- 
 thetic. .\s anaesthetic it is given in form of vapor. H. and 
 C.,/siii-vi; D.,/3 iij-iv. 
 
 Aloe Barbadensis (Barbadoes Aloes). — Purgative, tonic, vermi- 
 fuge and alterative. As cathartic: H., 3 iv x ; C, 3 vi-xv ; 
 S.. 3 ij-vii ; D., gr. x- 3 i. As tonic, one-tenth above doses. 
 
 Aloin — Same as Aloes. H., 3 i-ij ; C, 3 ij-iii ; D., gr. v-xxx. 
 
 Aluinen (Alum). — Astringent and styptic. H. and C, 3 ij-iv; 
 S., gr. x-3 i; D., gr. x-xx. Externally as styptic and astrin- 
 gent, and as eye-water. 
 
 Acumen Exsiccatiiin (Burnt Alum). — Mild caustic for controlling 
 exuberant granulations. 
 
 A ininonii Carbonas (Carbonate of Ammonium). — Diffusible stim- 
 ulant, useful in most debilitating inflammatory diseases. 
 H., 3 i-iii ; C, 3 iii-vi , S., gr. x v-xxx ; D., gr. iii-viii. Also 
 antacid, useful in dyspepsia and flatulent colic. 
 
 Aiitmonii Chloridum (Chloride or Muriate of Ammonium). — 
 Stimulant, diuretic and diaphoretic, specially stimulating the 
 heart, and serviceable about the crisis of diseases. H., 3 iss- 
 iii ; C, 3 iv-vi ; S., 3 i-ii ; D., gr. x-xx. Externally, with nitre, 
 refrigerant. 
 
 A myl Nitris (Nitrite of Amyl). — Nerve sedative, usually em- 
 ployed by inhalation. H., 3 ss-i ; D., m ij-vi. 
 
 A vtylmn (Starch). — Demulcent and emollient. Antidote to iodine. 
 Externally, protective and vehicle. 
 
 Anisi Fj-uctiis (Anise Fruit). — Aromatic, stomachic and carmina- 
 tive, H., 5i-ii;C., 5 ii-iv ; D., 3 ij-iv. Chiefly used for fla- 
 voring condition powders. 
 
 Anthemidis Flores (Chamomile Flowers).— Aromatic, stomachic 
 and tonic. H., 5 i-iJ ; S., i-ij. 
 
 Antimonii et Potassii Tart7-as (Tartar Emetic). — Sedative, anti- 
 phlogistic, alterative, expectorant, diaphoretic, vermifuge and 
 emetic. H., 3 i-iv ; D., gr. >^-gr. ij. Externally severe caustic. 
 
 Antipyrinuni (Antipyrine). — Antipyretic. H., 3 ss-i; D., gr. iii- 
 viii. 
 
 Apomorphice Hydrochloras (Hydrochlorate of Apomorphine). — 
 Emetic. D., hypodermicaliy, gr. -^^ ; by mouth, gr- \. 
 
 Arecee Semlna (Areca Nuts or Seed). — Anthelmintic. H., 3 iv- 
 viii ; D., gr. x.\-3 ij. 
 
10 
 
 Argenti A'/Vrrti' (Nitrate of Silver). — Tonic, astringent and stim- 
 ulant. H. and C, gr. v-x ; D., gr. 3^-^. Externally, caustic; 
 collyrium. 
 
 ArniccE Rhyzotna (Arnica Rhyzome). — Internally, slight stimu- 
 lant. H., 5 ss-i of tincture; D., m v-x of tincture. Exter- 
 nally, stimulant for sprains, bruises, etc. 
 
 Asafaetida. — Stimulant to digestion, antispasmodic and vermi- 
 fuge. H., 3 iii-iv ; C, 5 i-ii ; D., gr. x-xv. 
 
 Atropina (Atropine). — Anodyne and antispasmodic. H., gr. y^-x ; 
 S., gr. y^jj ; D., gr. -^j^-^-^- Hypodermically, one-tenth of the 
 above doses. 
 
 Bahamuvi Feriiviamtin (Balsam of Peru). — Used in dog prac- 
 tice as an acaricide and to subdue irritation and itching. Also 
 in the preparation of Friar's Balsam. 
 
 Balsamiun Tolutanum (Balsam of Tolu).^To allay coughs in 
 dogs, and as an external agent in skin diseases. 
 
 Behe Fructus {QsieX Fruit). — Astringent for diarrhoea and dysen- 
 tery in foals and calves. Of the liquid extract — H.,y5ij-iv; 
 Foals, 5 i-ij ; Calves,,/^ i-iii. 
 
 Be//adonn^ Radi'-v {Belladonna Root). — Anodyne, antispas.r.odic 
 and sympathetic nerve stimulant. Of the extract of the root 
 — H., 3 i-ij ; C, 3 ij-iii ; D., gr. ij-iv. 
 
 Benzoinuin (Benzoin). — Antiseptic, disinfectant and stimulant to 
 wounds. 
 
 Bisiuuthiim Subnitras (Subnitrate of Bismuth). — Allays irrita- 
 tion in dyspepsia, vomiting and gastro-intestinal catarrh in 
 dogs. Externally, to allay irritation in wounds and sores. 
 H., 5i"ij ; D., gr. iil-x. 
 
 Borax. — S&& Acidutn Boricum. 
 
 Calcii Carbotias Precipitata (Precipitated Carbonate of Calcium; 
 Prepared Chalk). — Antacid for diarrhoea, dysentery and indi- 
 gestion. H., 5 i-ii ; C, 5 ii-iv ; S., 3 ii-iv ; D., gr. x-xx. 
 
 Calcii Hyd7-as {^ydrax.c oi Calcium; Caustic Potash). — Antacid. 
 Externally, caustic. Usually given internally as lime water, the 
 doses being — H.,/"l iv ; C.,y5 vi ; D.,y3 ij-viii. 
 
 Calcii Oxidiim (Oxide of Lime ; Lime).— Applied to raw surfaces, 
 is irritant, desiccant and caustic. 
 
 Ca/cr/Z/Vi^j/Aaj (Phosphate of Lime). — Tonic to nervous and osse- 
 ous systems. H. and C, 3 i-iii ; S. and D., gr. v-x. 
 
 Calmnba Radix (Calumba Root). — Stomachic, bitter and tonic. 
 H.. 5 ss-i ; C, 5 '"'ii \ ^-y S^- v-xx. 
 
 Calx Chlorinata (Chlorinated Lime). — Disinfectant and deodor- 
 ant. H., 3 i ; C., 3 i-ii ; D., gr. i-iii. 
 
 CamphortF (Camphor). — Stimulant, diaphoretic, anodyne, anti- 
 septic and carminative. H., 3 i 'i ' C., 3 i-ii ; D-, gr. v-x. 
 
11 
 
 Cannabis Indica (Indian Hemp). — Soporific, anodyne and anti- 
 spasmodic. Extract — H., 3 i-ij ; D., gr. ^-i. 
 Cantharidis (Spanish Flies). — Diuretic and aphrodisiac. H., gr. 
 
 iii-vi ; D., gr. >^-ij. Externally, counter-irritant. 
 Capsici Fructus {RcA. Pepper). — Stomachic, carminative and stim- 
 ulant. H., gr. x-xxx ; C, gr. xx- 3 i ; D., gr. i-ii. 
 Cardo-A nimalis (Bone Charcoal). — Absorbent. Dose, immaterial. 
 Externally, used in drying powders and to darken ointments, 
 etc. 
 Carbo-Ligni{^oo6.Q,\\a.xco3X). — Deodorizer and disinfectant. In- 
 ternally, used as an absorbent of intestinal gases. H., § ss-i ; 
 C, Iss-^i; D., gr. xv-xxxx. Externally, as drying powder. 
 Cardainoini Seniiua (Cardamom Seeds). — Carminative and aro- 
 matic. 
 
 Ca7-yoJ>hylluin (Clove). — Oil is stomachic, carminative, stimulant 
 and antispasmodic. H., 3 ss-i ; D., m i-iii. Externaily, stim- 
 ulant. 
 
 Cascara Sagrada. — Cathartic for dogs. j\Ix-3ij. Smaller doses 
 are stomachic and tonic. 
 
 Cascarilla C^r/e'^(Cascarilla Bark). — Aromatic bitter stomachic. 
 H., 3 iii-iv ; C, 5 i ", D., gr. x-xxxx. 
 
 Catachu. — Vegetable astringent. H., 3 i-iii ; C, 3 ii-vi ; D., gr. 
 v-xv. 
 
 Cera Flava (Yellow Wax). — In making ointments. 
 
 Chirata (Chiretta). — Aromatic bitter. Dose, same as the bitters. 
 
 Chloralis Hydras (Hydrate of Chloral). — Hypnotic, antispas- 
 modic, anodyne, antiputrescent and antiseptic. H., 3 iii-viii ; 
 C, !i-5ij ; D., gr. x-xx. 
 
 Chloroformuni (Chloroform). — Anaesthetic, antispasmodic, ano- 
 dyne and stimulant. As an anaesthetic — H. and C, 5 ii'-^i ; 
 D., 3 iv- 5 i. As internal remedy — H. and C, 3 i-iv ; D., m 
 iii-vi. Externally, antispasmodic and anodyne. 
 
 Chrysarobimn7i (Chrysarobin).- — Useful in scaly skin d'^eases in 
 ointments. 
 
 Cinchonce Cortex (Flava, Rubra and Pallida). — Toni^, antipyretic, 
 antiperiodic and antiseptic. H., 3 ii-v ; C, li-ii; D.,gr. x-3i. 
 
 Cinnainomi Cortex (Cinnamon Bark). — General purposes of aro- 
 matics. 
 
 Coca. — Tonic. Dose, immaterial 
 
 Cocainie Hydrochloras (Hydroclorate of Cocaine).— Local an es- 
 thetic. 
 
 Coccus (Cochineal). — Coloring material. 
 
 Colchici Cormiis and Semina (Colchicum Corm and Seeds).— 
 Antirheumatic and diuretic. H., 3 ss-i ; C, 3 i-ii ; D.,gr. ii-v. 
 
 Collodium (Collodion).— Protective for wounds. 
 
 Colocynthidis Pulpa (Colocynth Pulp). Hydragogue purgative. 
 
12 
 
 Con/ectio Rosa' Gallicce (Confection of Roses). — For making dog 
 pills. 
 
 Co II it Folia and Fructus (Hemlock Leaves and Fruit). — Sedative 
 and antispasmodic. Tincture — H., 3 ii ; C, 1 iii ; D., 3 i-ii. 
 
 Copaiba. — Stimulant and disinfectant of genito-urinary apparatus. 
 H. andC, 5 i-ii ; D., 3 i. 
 
 Creasotiim (Creosote). — ?>&& Acidum Carbolicmn. 
 
 Creolin, — Antiseptic, disinfectant and deodorizer. Serviceable for 
 bathing wounds, ulcers, etc. Parasiticide, and being non- 
 poisonous, may be freely used upon the skins of dogs with im- 
 punity. Solutions of various strengths. 
 
 Cubeba (Cubebs). — Stomachic and diuretic. H., 3 ii-iv ; C, 3 iv- 
 $i; D., 3ss-i. 
 
 CuJ>ri Sulphas (Sulphate of Copper ; Blue Vitriol ; Blue Stone).— 
 Astringent, tonic, antiseptic and emetic. As an astringent — 
 H, and C, 3 ss-i ; D., gr. ^-ii. As an emetic — Pigs, gr. x-xv ; 
 JJ., v-x. Externally, caustic and astringent. 
 
 Cusso(^o\xs&o). — Anthelmintic for tapeworm. Infusion — D., 3 i-iv. 
 
 Digitalis Folia (Foxglove Leaves). — Heart stimulant and diuretic. 
 
 Powdered leaves — H., gr. x-xxxx ; C, gr. xxx- 3 i ; D., gr. i-iii. 
 
 Fluid extract — H., m xv-xxx ; D., m i-iii. 
 ILrgotai^x^o^. — Ecbolic, vascular constrictor. H., 5ss-i;D., 3 i. 
 Frgotinutn (Ergotin). — Same as Ergot. Hypodermically — H., 
 
 gr, X ; C, gr. xx-xxx. 
 Eserina (Eserine).— Cathartic. H. (intratracially or subcutane- 
 
 ously), gr. iss-iii. CoUyrium. 
 EucalyptoL: — Stimulant and antiseptic, antiperiodic. H.,y3i; 
 
 D., m ij-iv. Externally, with ointments for wounds, etc. 
 Euphorbiuni — Externally, as counter-irritant. 
 Ferri Arsenias {^k.x%&m&X.& of Iron). — Tonic and alterative. H., 
 
 gr. v-x. 
 Ferri Carbonas Saccharata (Saccharated Carbonate of Iron). — 
 
 Tonic. H., 3 i-ii ; D., gr. v-x. 
 F^rri et A fntnonii Citras (Citrate of Iron and Ammonia).— Tonic. 
 
 H., 3 iss-ii ; D., gr, v-x. 
 F'erri et Quinia Citras (Citrate of Iron and Quinine). ^Tonic. 
 
 H., 3 i-ii ; D., gr. v-x. 
 F'erri Peroxidum Hydratutn (Hydrated Peroxide of Iron). — Anti- 
 dote to poisoning by arsenic. H., 3 i-ii (repeated every fifteen 
 
 minutes). 
 Ferri Phosphas (Phosphate of Iron). — Tonic to osseous system. 
 Ferri Sulphas (Sulphate of Iron ; Green Vitriol ; Copperas). — 
 
 Tonic, vermifuge. H., 3 i-ii ; C, 3 ii-iii ; S., gr. x-xv ; Pigs, 
 
 gr. x-xx ; D., gr. v-x. 
 Ferrum Redactutn (Reduced Iron). — Tonic. H., 3 i. 
 Ferri Dialysatum (J)'\a.\yz&d Iron). — Tonic. H., 2 i-'j ; D., 3 i-ii. 
 
13 
 
 Filix Mas (Male Fern). — Anthelmintic. H. and C, 3 viii ; S., 
 5 iii-v ; D., 5 ij. 
 
 Galbanurn. — See Asa/cetidit. 
 
 Gaiiii (Galls). — Vegetable astringents. H., 3 iii-vi ; C, S i-ij ; 
 D., gr. v-x. 
 
 Cend'ance Jiadzjc {Gentian Root). — Bitter Tonic. H., 5 ss-i ; C, 
 3 i-iii ; S., 3 ij-iii : D., gr. v-xx. 
 
 Glyccrinuni (Glycerine). — Nutrient and demulcent. As an anema 
 is evacuent. Externally, emollient, excipient and preser\iative. 
 
 Gossypiunt (Cotton Wool). — Medicated with antiseptics, etc., and 
 applied locally to wounds. 
 
 Gittta Pjrcha. — For making surgical appliances. 
 
 Ileematojcyli Li^ni (Logwood). — Astringent. 
 
 Hydrar^yri Ammonio-Ckloj-idiiin (Ammonio-Chloride of Mer- 
 cury). — Externally, in ointment as parasiticide. 
 
 Hydrar^yri lodiduin Riibrtim (Red Iodide of Mercury). — Coun- 
 ter-irritant for reduction of enlargements, etc. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxidii/n Flavuin (Yellow Oxide of Mercury). — Irri' 
 table skin. (Ointment, 16 gr. to lard ? '•) 
 
 Hydr.x;-gyri Oxiduni Riibruni (Red Oxide of Mercury). — Exter- 
 nal caustic and absorbent. 
 
 Hydrargyri P.'r-chloriduin (Corrosive Sublimate). — ■Externally, 
 caustic, antiseptic, disinfectant, antiparasitic. 
 
 Hydrargyri Subchloridum (Calomel). — Purgative (cholagogue), 
 antiparasitic, emetic, alterative. As purgative — H., 3 i (with 
 other purgatives) ; D., gr. ij-viii. 
 
 Hyd?-argyri cutn Creta (Mercury with Chalk). — Alterative and 
 laxative. H., 3 i ; Calves and Foals, gr. v-xv ; D., gr. iii-x. 
 
 Hyoscyatni Folia (flenbane Leaves). — Hypnotic and antispas- 
 modic. Extract — H., 3 i ; S., gr. v-x ; D., gr. ii-v. 
 
 Hydrastis Canadensis (Golden Seal). — Laxative tonic. Tincture 
 — H., 3 ss-i. 
 
 Ichthyol. — Externally, for parasitic skin diseases. (One to eight 
 of water or alcohol.) 
 
 lodo/ormuin (Iodoform) — Externally, as antiseptic to wounds and 
 ulcers, m ointment, powders simply, or in combination with 
 other healing powders. Insufflated in nostrils for gleet, etc. 
 
 lodum (Iodine). — Not often given internally (its salts being pref- 
 erable), except in diabetes insipidus. Externally the tinc- 
 ture is chiefly used. Of crystals — H., gr. xx-xxx ; C, 3 ss-i ; 
 D., gr. i-ij. 
 
 Ipecacuanha (Ipecac). — Stomachic stimulant, emetic, expectorant, 
 specific in dysentery. Constituent of Dover's Powders. Emetic 
 — D., gr. xv-xxx ; Dover's Powders — D., 3 ij-iv. 
 
 Jaoorandi (Pilocarpus). — Sudorific, sialagogue and antipyretic. 
 Leaves — H., 3 ii-iv ; D,, 3 ss-i. (^&& Pilocarpine.) 
 
14 
 
 Jalapa (Jalap). — Hydragogue cathartic. D., 3 ss-ii. 
 Kaniala. — Anthelmintic. H., 5 '"'J i I^-i 3 i-iii. 
 Kino. — Vegetable astringent. H., ^-iii ; C, 3 il ; Calves, 3 i ; 
 D., gr. v-xv. 
 
 Lini Farina (Linseed Meal). — Nutrient. 
 
 Lini Semina (Linseed). — Demulcent for inflamed and irritable 
 conditions of alimentary tract, laxative, nutrient, etc. ; in 
 preparation of poultices, etc. 
 
 Linintcntum Ajnmonice (Ammonia Liniment). — Solution of am- 
 monia, y"5 i ; olive oil,y"3 iii. 
 
 Linitnentiim C«w///<?r^^ (Camphor Liniment). — Dissolve one part 
 of camphor in four of olive oil. 
 
 Liiiiiiicnium Cavipho7-(x Compos it us (Compound Camphor Lini- 
 ment). — Dissolve twenty parts of camphor and one part of oil 
 of lavender in one hundred and twenty parts of rectified spirits, 
 and gradually forty parts strong solution of ammonia ; shake. 
 
 Lininientuin Calcis (Liniment of Lime). — Mix one part solution 
 of lime with one of olive oil. 
 
 Linivtentum Chlo7-o/orini (Chloroform Liniment). — Mix one part 
 of chloroform with one part of liniment of camphor. 
 
 Litiimcntiini 0/?'z' (ijpium Liniment). — Mix one part of tincture 
 of opium and one part of liniment of turpentine, and filter. 
 
 Linimentujn 6'/wa/zV (Mustard Liniment). — Mix four ounces mus- 
 tard and five ounces oil of turpentine. Digest for ten days, 
 and add four ounces linseed oil. 
 
 Liniincntuin Tcrebinthince (Turpentine Liniment). — Mix two 
 parts soft soap with two parts distilled water ; dissolve one 
 part of camphor in sixteen ounces oil of turpentine ; then rub 
 together. 
 
 Liquor A nmionice (Solution of Ammonia). — Externally, rubefa- 
 cient counter-irritant. Internally, diffusible stimulant and ant- 
 acid. H., 5 ss-i ; C.,. 5 i-ij ; S., 3 i-ij ; D,, m v-.\ — well diluted. 
 
 Liquor A vtmonii Acetatis (Solution Acetate of Ammonia). — Dia- 
 phoretic and diuretic. H., 5 ij"iv ; C, 5 'j"i^' ; ^••, 3 ij-i^"- 
 
 Liquor Antimonii Chloridi (^o\wt\ox\oi Chloride of Antimony). 
 Externally, caustic for thrush, canker, fistulous tracts. Alone 
 or mixed with i to 2 parts compound tincture of myrrh. 
 
 Liquor Arscnicalis (Fowler's Solution). — Tonic, respiratory stim- 
 ulant, discutient and alterative. Externally, in parasitic skin 
 diseases. H. and C, 3 ij- » i ; S., 3 ss-i ; D., m iv-x. 
 
 Liquor Arsenii et i^ydrargyri lodidi (Donovan's Solution). — 
 Efficient in many forms of chronic skin diseases. H.,y5 ss-i. 
 
 Liquor Bismuthi et Ainvtonii Citratis (Solution of Citrate of 
 Bismuth and Ammonia). — Useful for chronic indigestion in 
 dogs. D.,/3ss-i. 
 
15 
 
 Liquor Calcis (Lime Water). — Antacid. H.,y3 iv-vi ; S.,y"3 ss-ij ; 
 D.,/3i-iv. 
 
 Liquor Ferri Dialysatus (Solutiou of Dialyzed Iron). — Tonic, 
 H.j/s i-ij ; D., m xv-.cx. 
 
 Liquor PliDiibi Subacetat is (Goulard's Extract of Lead). — Exter- 
 nally, astringent, antiphlogistic and anodyne. 
 
 Liquor Potassii Periiiangaiiatis (Solution of Permanganate of 
 Potassium). — Antiseptic, disinfectant and deodorant, for foul- 
 smelling ulcers, wounds, etc. 
 
 Liquor Zinci Chloridi (Solution of Chloride of Zinc). — Externally, 
 caustic and astringent. 
 
 Lobelia. — Diaphoretic, nauseant and expectorant. Tincture, H., 
 fZ iv- 3 i. 
 
 Magncsii Carbouas (Carbonate of Magnesium). — Antacid and lax- 
 alive, D., Foals and Calves, 3 ij- 3 i D. and Cats, 3 ss-i. 
 
 Magncsii Oxiduin (Oxide of Magnesium). — Same as Magncsii 
 Carbonas. 
 
 Magncsii Sulphas (Epsom Salts). — Hydragogue cathartic for cat- 
 tle and sheep ; febrifuge for horse. Antidote to poisoning by 
 lead. As cathartic — C, lb. iriss ; Calves, 5 iii-iv ; S., ji-iii; 
 D., 3 i-iv. As febrifuge — H., 3 ii-iii. 
 
 Morphinte Acetas (Acetate of Morphine). — See Opium, By the 
 mouth — H. and C, gr. v-xv ; S., gr. i^-ij ; D., gr. >8->^. Hy- 
 podermically — H. and C. gr, iii-viii ; S,, gr. 3<j-i ; D., gr. -rjj-i. 
 
 Morphime Hydrochloras ct Sulphas (Hydrochlorate and Sulphate 
 of ^Morphine). — Same action and doses as Morphina Acetas. 
 
 Myrrha (Myrrh). — Externally, stimulant, astringent and deodor- 
 izer to wounds and ulcers. Internally, stimulating and disin* 
 fecting expectorant. H. and C, 3 ij-iv ; S., 3 ss-i ; D., gr. 
 x-x.xx, 
 
 Nux I'oinica (Quaker Buttons). — Nerve stimulant and tonic, and 
 stomachic. H., gr. xx- 3 i ; S.,gr. v-.\x ; D., gr. ^i-iv. 
 
 Olcatum Hydrargyri (Oleate of Mercury). — Externally, as coun- 
 ter-irritant and absorbent to bursal enlargements. 
 
 Oleum Caj'uputi (Oil oi Cajuput). — Stimulant, antispasmodic and 
 diaphoretic. Externally, counter-irritant. 
 
 Oleum Caryophylli (Oil of Cloves). — Stomachic, carminative, anti- 
 spasmodic and stimulant. Externally, counter-irritant. 
 
 Oleujii Crotonis (Croton Oil). — Drastic cathartic. H., mxv-xx; 
 C, m XX- 3 i ; S., m ij-vi ; D., m )<j-iii. Externaly, escharotic. 
 
 Oleum Eucalypti (fill oi Eucalyptus), — Antipyretic and antlperi- 
 odic. Externally, antiseptic. 
 
 Oleum X/«/ (Linseed Oil). — Emollient, laxative and nutrient. E.x- 
 ternally, emollient and convenient vehicle, H., O^-i ; C., Oj- 
 ij; S.,/3iii-vi; D., 3 i-ij. 
 
16 
 
 OleiDH Morrhute (Cod Liver Oil). — Nutrient and alterative, H., 
 /?ij-iii; D.,/3 i-iv. 
 
 Oleum OlLvce (Olive or Sweet Oil). — Emollient, nutrient, laxative 
 and preservative of alkaloids, etc. 
 
 Oleum Riciui (Castor Oil). — Purgative. H., Oj ; C, Oj-ij ; S., 
 yjij-iil; Calves, y 5 iv-vi ; D.,y"5i"ij' 
 
 Oleum Sinapis (Oil of Mustard). — Externally, counter-irritaat. 
 
 Oleum Terebinthinte (Oil of Turpentine). — Stimulant, carmina- 
 tive, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, diuretic. H.,_/"5i-ij; C, 
 fl \-'X\ ; S.,y"3 i-iv ; D., m xxx- 3 i. Externally, counter-irri- 
 tant. 
 
 Oj>iujn. — Narcotic, anodyne, antispasmodlc^and astringent. H., 
 I i-ij ; C, 3 ij-iv ; S., gr. x-xxxx ; D., gr. ><^-iv, 
 
 Pepsinujn (Pepsin). — Digestive tonic. Foals and Calves, gr. xxx- 
 xxxx ; D., gr. v-x. 
 
 Phosphorus. — Nerve stimulant and tonic. 
 
 Fhysostigmatis Semen ^Calabar Bean). — See Physost igm i nc . H., 
 gr. v-vii ; D., gr. ^-i. 
 
 Physostigmine (Eserine). — A quick cathartic, especially overcom- 
 ing intestinal obstruction. Hypodermically or intratrachially — 
 H. and C, gr, ^-ij. In tetanus, by mouth, H. and C, gr. }g ; 
 ■^•1 gr. -Tjj-B^ ; also locally to contract pupil. 
 
 Pilocarpine. — Sialagogue and diaphoretic, and in combination with 
 physostigmine as a quick cathartic. Hypodermically — H., 
 gr. ii-iii. 
 
 Pimento (Allspice). — Carminative and stomachic. H., 3 ij-^v ; 
 S., 3 ss-i ; D., v-xxv. 
 
 /"/^lit'r A'/^r/^w (Black Pepper). — Stomachic. H., 3 ii ; D., gr, v-x. 
 
 Pix Burgundica (Burgundy Pitch). — Used in. making adhesive 
 plasters. 
 
 Pix Liquida (Tar). — Externally, antiseptic, deodorant and stimu- 
 lant. 
 
 Plumbi Acetas (Sugar of Lead). — Haemostatic and astringent. 
 H., 3 s£-i ; C, 3 i-ij ; Calves, gr. x-xv ; S., gr. v-x ; Lambs, 
 gr. iii-v ; D., gr. i'-iv. Externally, astringent, antiphlogistic 
 and sedative. 
 
 Podophylli Resiiia et Rhizoma (Resin and Rhizome of Podophyl- 
 lum). — Hepatic stimulant and cholagogue cathartic. In com- 
 binati(m with other purgatives. H., 3 i-ij ; C, gr. i-ij. 
 
 Potassii Bicarbonas (Bicarbonate of Potassium). — Antacid and 
 stomachic, mildly diuretic, saline expectorant and biliary stim- 
 ulant. H. and C, 5 sc-i ; S., 3 i ; D., gr. x-.xxx. 
 
 Potassii Br omidum (Bromide of Potassium). — Nerve sedative. 
 H., 3 ij-vi ; C, 3 i;- 5 i ; D., gr. v-xv. 
 
 Potassii Carbonas (Carbonate of Potassium). — See Potassii Bica)-" 
 bonas. 
 
17 
 
 Poiassii C/tioras (Chlorate of Potassium). — Diuretic, febrifuge, 
 
 antacid and specific in laryngitis, stomatitis and aphthous ulcers 
 
 of buccal cavity, etc. H., 3 i-iv ; C, 3 ij-vi ; S., gr. xx-xxx ; 
 
 D., gr. v-x. 
 Potassii Ferrocyanidutn (P'errocyanide of Potassium). — See.-Jc/- 
 
 d II 711 Hydrocyanicuin. 
 Potassii Hydras (Caustic Potash^. — Externally, as caustic. 
 Potassii lodidujii (Iodide of Potassium). — Diuretic and absorbent. 
 
 H., 3 i--ii ; C, 3 --iv ; S., gr. xx-xxxx ; D., gr. i-viii. 
 Potassii Nitras (Nitre, Saltpetre). — Diuretic — H., 5 i ", D., gr. x- 
 
 3 ij. Febrifuge — H., 3 i-ii ; D., gr. v-x. Specific in laminitis 
 
 acuta — H., j i--iv. Externally, stimulant and refrigerant. 
 Potassii Per man^anas (Permanganate of Potassium). — Deodorizer 
 
 and disinfectant for wounds, ulcers, etc. 
 Potassii Sulphas (Sulphate of Potassium). — Saline purgative. 
 Psoralea Seviina (Psoralea Seeds). — Laxative, stimulant, aphro- 
 disiac. 
 Pulvis Antimonialis (James' Powder). — Febrifuge and emetic. 
 
 D., gr. iii-vjii. 
 Pulvis Ipecacuanhce Compositiis (Dover's Powders.) — Sedative 
 
 and diaphoretic. D., gr. v-xv. 
 Pyoktanin. — Externally, as antiseptic and stimulant to wounds 
 
 and ulcers. 
 Quassia Lignum. — Bitter tonic, stomachic and anthelmintic. In- 
 fusion — H. and C.,y3 iv-vi ; S.,y3 iv- 5 i ; D.,y3 i-ii. 
 Quercus Cortex (Oak Bark). — Astringent — H. and C, 3ii-5''; 
 
 S., 3i-^j ; D., gr. .\-xxx. 
 Quinice Sulphas (Sulphate of Quinine). — Antipyretic, antiseptic, 
 
 tonic and antiperiodic. H., gr. xx- 3 iss ; S., gr. x-xxx ; !>., 
 
 gr. ij-x. 
 /?<^j/«rt (Resin). — Astringent, stimulant and diuretic. H., 3i-.v'; 
 
 S., 3 i-ij ; D.gr. xx-xxx. Externally, stimulant and astringent. 
 Rhei ^vrt^/Z-r (Rhubarb Root). — Tonic — H., 5 i"'i ! I^-i &r. x-.xxxx. 
 
 Cathartic — D., 3 ij-iii. 
 Sahince Cacumina (Savin Tops). — Anthelmintic. H., _/"3 ii-iii ; 
 
 D., gr. iii-xv. Externally, stimulant to wounds, etc. 
 Salicinuvt (Salicin). — See Acidi Salycilicum. 
 Santottinutn (Santonin). — Anthelmintic for round-worms. H., 
 
 gr. xx-xxxx ; D., gr. ij-.ii. 
 Scilla (Squill). — See Aceticnt Scillce. 
 Sinapis (Mustard). — Stimulant, stomachic, carminative, diuretic 
 
 and aperient. As a stomachic — H., 3 ii-iv ; C, 3 iv- 5 i ; S., 3 i-ii. 
 
 As emetic — D., 3 ii. Externally, rubefacient counter-irritant. 
 Sodii Bicarbonatis et Carbonatis (Carbonate and Bicarbonate of 
 
 Sodium). — Antacid, diuretic. H., 5 ss-i ; C, 5 i"'i i S., 3 i-ij ; 
 
 D., gr. x-xxxx. 
 
18 
 
 Sc'i/i'i Boras. — See Acidiitii Boricuni. 
 
 Soiiii Broviidtim (Bromide of Soda). — See Potassii Broiniduin, 
 
 Sodii Chloridum (Chloride of Soda, common salt). — Stomachic, 
 tonic, antiseptic, antiferment, anthelmintic, cathartic, emetic 
 and alterative. As emetic — D., 3 i-iii. As stomachic and alter- 
 ative — H., Jsi-i; C, 2 ij-iii ; S., 3 ij-iv ; D., gr. x-xx. As 
 anthelmintic and cathartic — C, 3 -x-'^x J S., 5 i"ii'' 
 
 Sodii Hydras (Caustic Soda). — Caustic, like Potassii Hydras. 
 
 Sodii lodidum (Iodide of Soda). — See Potassii Jodidum. 
 
 Sodii Salicylas (Salicylate of Soda). — See Aciduin Salicylictmt. 
 
 Sodii Sulphas (Glauber's Salt). — Cathartic, alterative and diuretic. 
 As cathartic — C, 5 -"^^'"xx ; S., 3 ij-iv. 
 
 Sodii Sulphis (Sulphite of Soda). — Antiseptic and deodorant. 
 
 H. and C, 5 ss-i ", S., 5 '"" \ ^-i §''• x-xx. 
 Sodii Stilphocarbolas (Sulphocarbolate of Soda). — Antiseptic and 
 
 alterative. H., 3 i-ij ; C, 3 ii-iii ; D., gr. v-.xv. 
 
 Spiritus ^'Etheris (Spirit of Ether). — Stimulant and antispasmodic. 
 D., m XX- 3 i. 
 
 Spiritus yEt/ieris Nitrosi (Sweet Spirits of Nitre). — Stimulant, 
 antispasmodic and diuretic. H.,y5 i-ii ; C.,y§ ii-iv ; S., 3 ii-iv ; 
 D., m x.\-xxxx. 
 
 Spiritus A)nnionicE Arotnaticus (Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia). 
 — Stimulant, antispasmodic, antacid. H.,y§i-ij; C.,,/"! ij-iv ; 
 S.,_/"3 ij-vi ; D., m x-xxx. 
 
 Spiritus Caniphoree (Spirit of Camphor). — Stimulant. D., m x-xx. 
 
 Spiritus Cliloro/oriiii (Spirit of Chloroform). — Stimulant, anti- 
 spasmodic and anodyne. Y^.^/i, i-iii ; C.,y"2 ij-iv ; S.,y3 ij-iv ; 
 ]).,/3ss-i. 
 
 Spiritus Rectificatus (Rectified Spirit). — Diffusible stimulant, pro- 
 motor of gastric digestion, diaphoretic, antispasmodic. H., 
 /% i-iii ; C.,y"3 ij-v ; S.,y3 ss-i ; 1)., 3 ss-ij. Externally, anti- 
 septic, disinfectant, refrigerant, rubefacient and stimulant, 
 
 Stapliisagri<e Se/itina (Stavesacre Seeds). — Used as infusion or 
 ointment in parasitic skin diseases. 
 
 Strychiiina (Strychnine). — See A'ux J'oinica. 
 
 Sulphur Sublimatum (Sublimed Sulphur). — Laxative and altera- 
 tive. As la.xative — H., 3 'ii--^' ; C., » iv-vi ; S., 2 ij-iv ; I)., 
 3 iv-vi. As alterative — H., 2 i-ij ; C, 2 '"i" J ^-i 3 iv-viii ; 
 D., 3 ss-ij. 
 
 Sulphuris lodidum (Iodide of Sulphur). — Externally, in chronic 
 skin affections. 
 
 Tabaci Folia (Tobacco T.eave.s). — Narcotic, sedative and anthel- 
 mintic. H. and C, 3 i-ij ; S., gr. x-xv ; D., gr. iii-vi. 
 
 7'// ^r/flcrt (Treacle). — Laxative. H. andC, 5 ^x ; S., 5iv;D., '%\. 
 
19 
 
 Tinctura Aconiti (Tincture of Aconite). — Heart sedative and 
 
 anodyne. H., mxxx-L ; C.,mxxx-3 i ; S., m viii-x ; D.,miii-vi. 
 
 Fleming's tincture is about three times as strong as the U. S. P., 
 
 and the dose is proportionately less. 
 Tincttira yJ rw/tv^ (Tincture of Arnica). — See Arnica Rkizoi/ta. 
 Tinctiira Benadonnc^ {Tincture oi Belladonna).— See Belladonnce 
 
 Radix. ,H.,y3 i ; D., m x-xx. 
 Tinctura Ferri Pn-chloridi (Tincture of the Chloride of Iron). — 
 
 Astringent and tonic. H., y ? ss-i ; C, y ? '"U ; S., _/"3 ij-iv ; 
 
 D., m v-xv. 
 Tinctura Opii (Laudanum). — See Oj>iujn. H. and C, ysi-iii; 
 
 S.,y3 ij-vi ; D., xv-xxx. 
 Tinctura Gentiance Cowposita (Compound Tincture of Gentian). 
 
 — Tonic. H. and C.,y5 ij-iv ; S.,y3i; D.,y3 i. 
 Tinctura Zingiberis Fortis (Strong Tincture of Ginger). — Tonic. 
 
 H.,y5 i-ij ; C.,y5 ij-iv ; S.,y3 ii-iv ; D., m xx-y3 i. 
 Ungucntuni Hydrargyri (^excwxxsX Ointment). — Antiparasitic. 
 Ujigucntunt lodi Compos it U7ii (Compound Iodine Ointment). — 
 
 Absorbent. 
 I'alcriante Rhizona (Valerian Rhizome). — Nerve stimulant. H. 
 
 and C, 5 i-iJ ; I^m 3 i-ij. 
 Veratri Veridis (Green Helebore). — Cardiac depressant. H., 3 ss ; 
 
 C, 3 i ; S., gr. xv-xx ; D., gr. ij-iii. 
 I 'inuin Ipecacuanhie (Wine of Ipecac). — Expectorant — D.,y3 i-ii. 
 
 Emetic — D.,y3 ij-vi. 
 Zinci Acctas (.A.cetate of Zinc). — Externally, stimulant to sores. 
 Zinci Carbonas (Carbonate of Zinc ; Calomine). — Astringent for 
 
 sores. 
 Zinci Chloridum (Chloride of Zinc ; Butter of Zinc). — Escharotic; 
 
 if diluted it is antiseptic, disinfectant, astringent and stimulant. 
 Zinci OxiduiH (Oxide of Zinc). — Externally, astringent to wounds. 
 Zinci SulpJias (Sulphate of Zinc). — Sedative, astringent, tonic, 
 
 antiseptic, emetic. Astringent and tonic — H. and C, 3 i-ij ; 
 
 S., gr. x-xv ; D., gr. ij-iv. Emetic — D., gr. vi-xii. Externally, 
 
 mild caustic, astringent, stimulant and antiseptic. 
 Zinci Sulphocarbolas (Sulphocarbolate of Zinc). — Astringent for 
 
 leuchorrhoeal and gonorrhoeal discharges. - 
 Zinci Valerianas (Valerianate of Zinc). — Antispasmodic. D., 
 
 gr. ij-iv, 
 "Zingibe)- (Ginger). — Aromatic, carminative, tonic and stomachic 
 
 H., 5 ss-i; C, 3 i-ij ; .S., 3 i-ij ; D., gr. x-x.\. 
 
20 
 
 POISONS. 
 
 BRIEF SYMPTOMS AM) ANTIDOTES. 
 
 In all cases, where practicable, the stomach-pump should be 
 early employed, and if the poison has been swallowed by an ani- 
 mal capable of vomition, the majority of cases are relieved by 
 quick emesis. 
 
 Acids, Mineral. — Symptoms — They produce the effects of an 
 irritant corrosive poison, destroying by their escharotic action all 
 tissues with which they come in contact. A ntidotes — Alkalies, 
 magnesia, soda, lime, soap, to neutralize acid ; eggs, milk, oils, etc, 
 to protect tissues ; nutrients and stimulants to overcome depres- 
 sion immediately following their ingestion. 
 
 Aconite. — Symptoms — Trembling, slight convulsions, loss of 
 power of support, frothing from mouth, free perspiration, much 
 nausea, efforts resembling vomiting, breathing slower, pulse weak 
 and usually less frequent ; death from respiratory and cardiac ar- 
 rest. Antidotes — Emetics where practicable, warmth to extremi- 
 ties, stimulants to respiration and circulation, internally and 
 externally, and the assumption of the recumbent position. 
 
 Anti.monium Tartras. — Syittptovis — Vomiting and purging ; 
 great prostration of vital powers ; epigastric pain, cyanosis, deliri- 
 um, motor and sensory paralysis, suppression of urine, and col- 
 lapse^much like Asiatic cholera. Horses and cattle are only 
 slightly susceptible to its action. Antidotes — Tannic acid in some 
 form to operate chemically, opium as an antagonist, and demulcent 
 drinks to protect mucous membrane. 
 
 Arsenic. — Symptovts — Acute poisoning : The phenomena are 
 either gastro-intestinal or cerebral. In the former, the most usual 
 form, there is pain in the stomach, vomiting, thirst, bloody stools, 
 strangury, suppressed or bloody urine, rapid and feeble heart, 
 anxiety, cold breath, albuminuria and collapse. In the nervous 
 form, there is profound coma, not unlike opium narcosis. Chronic 
 poisoning : CEdema, itching of the eyelids, increased saliva, nau- 
 sea, vomiting of mucous, diarrhoea and dysentery, pain in stom- 
 ach, irritable and feeble heart, dyspnoea, disordered sensibility, 
 herpes zoster, urticaria, eczema and other skin eruptions, jaundice 
 and albuminuria. Antidotes — Evacuation of the stomach. Ad- 
 minister hydrated oxide of iron, freshly precipitated, in quantity 
 eight parts for every particle of poison swallowed. Then oil, milk 
 or mucilaginous drinks to protect mucous membrane, and diluents ; 
 iodide of potassium to promote elimination. 
 
21 
 
 Argenti NiTRAT. —Sj';n/ioms— Violent gastro-enteritis and 
 ulcer of stomach from thrombosis of veins. Antidotes — Sodium 
 cliloride, freely precipitating the insoluble chloride of silver, also 
 acting as an emetic. 
 
 Belladonna. — Symptoms — Motor paralysis, marked accelera- 
 tion of pulse, dilated pupils, delirium, stupor, and death from 
 asphyxia or asthenia. Antidotes — Stimulants and coffee ; subcu- 
 taneous injection of caffeine ; keep animal moving ; artificial res- 
 piration ; physostigma given cautiously. 
 
 Canthakides. — Symptoms — The phenomena of gastro-enteritis; 
 the respiratory and gastro-urinary mucous membranes specially 
 irritated ; the kidneys are inflamed, manifested by bloody urine, 
 strangury, stiffness across loins. Cerebral effects are muscular 
 trembling, partial or general convulsions, coma and insensibility. 
 A ntidotes — Emetics ; free use of mucilaginous drinks, with opiates. 
 Oils and fats are inadmissible on account of favoring solution of 
 the unabsorbed poison. When constitutional irritation results 
 from absorption of cantharidin from blistered surface, the parts 
 should be dressed with soothing remedies. 
 
 Carbolic Acid. — Symptoms — When taken by mouth, from its 
 power to coagulate albumen of the tissues, the tongue, fauces and 
 throat appear as though brushed over by nitrate of silver, becom- 
 ing hard and dry like leather. Sudden vertigo, contracted pupils, 
 embarrassed respiration and feeble circulation, convulsions, un- 
 consciousness supervening, breathing stertorous, surface of body 
 grows cold, heart more and more feeble, and death from respira- 
 tory arrest. Dogs very susceptible, even to weak solutions upon 
 the skin, often causing excitement, blowing, unsteady gait, and 
 occasionally fatal collapse. A ntidotes — Emetics ; pharyngeal and 
 gastric irritation allayed by opiumized steam ; demulcent drinks, 
 and saccharated lime. Neutralize the poison by conversion into 
 phenol-sulphuric acid, by sulphates of sodium and magnesium. 
 
 Chloroform. — Sy7nptoms — Death may occur early in the In- 
 halation from sudden paralysis of cerebral haemispheres ; in the 
 stage of rigidity from tetanic fixation of respiratory muscles ; in 
 the stage of complete relaxation, by paralysis of respiration, or 
 paralysis of tongue, causing obstructed respiration ; in the same 
 state by paralysis of the cardiac ganglia ; also from depression of 
 functions, or shock, in the anaesthetic stage or afterward. A nti- 
 dotes — Drawing tongue out of mouth ; artificial respiration ; 
 warmth to body and limbs ; intravenous injections of ammonia ; 
 alcoholic stimulants hypodermicaily and by the mouth ; faradiza- 
 tion of muscles of chest ; turning patient face downwards. 
 
 Chlor \l Hydrate. — Symptovis — Profound narcotism ; abol- 
 ishment of reflexes and sensibility ; complete muscular relaxation, 
 With great fall of temperature. Death may result by arrest of 
 
22 
 
 cardiac or respiratory motor ganglia, or by heart failure from de 
 generative disease. Antidotes — Atropine antagonizes its cardiac, 
 respiratory and spinal depression, but should be given in small, 
 repeated doses ; morphine to prevent its paralyzant heart effects. 
 
 Sulphuric Ether. — Syviptoms — Complete loss of sensibility, 
 paralysis of respiration taking place slowly, the heart pulsating 
 long after breathing has ceased. Antidotes — Fresh air, artificial 
 respiration, intravenous injections of ammonia. 
 
 CoLCHicuM. — Symptoms — Gastro-intestinal irritation, griping, 
 choleraic discharges, lowered arterial tension and heart depression, 
 followed by great prostration, collapse, and death from exhaus- 
 tion, with consciousness retained until carbonic acid narcosis sets 
 in. Antidotes — Emetics and cathartics, followed by demulcent 
 drinks. If coma, brandy, ammonia, etc. ; subcutaneous injections 
 of morphine ; keep up external heat. 
 
 Corrosive Sublim.\te. — Symptoms — Swallowed in strong solu- 
 tion it is an irritant poison, producing gastro-enteritis and collapse. 
 Smaller or more diluted doses produce mercurialism. A ntidotes — 
 Emetics : free use of albumen to form insoluble mercuric albumin- 
 ate (one egg to every four grains of the poison). In the absence 
 of eggs, wheat or barley flour, milk or other albumenoids, followed 
 by astringent drinks. 
 
 Croton Oil. — Symptoms — Acute gastro-enteritis. Antidotes 
 — Emetics ; wash out stomach, followed by mucilaginous fluids, 
 containing opium. 
 
 CuFRi SuLPH. — Symptoms — The emetic effects usually, though 
 not invariably, destroy its toxic action in all animals except the 
 horse. Large retained doses produce fatal gastro-enteritis. Re- 
 peated full doses induce intestinal irritation, with paralysis, not 
 unlike that of lead. Antidotes — White of egg, forming insoluble 
 innocuous albuminates; iron filings attract and fi.x the copper; 
 ferro-cyanide of potassium produces an insoluble and harmless salt. 
 
 Digitalis. — Symptoms — Excessive doses, with gastric irritation 
 and derangement, disorder, exhaust, and arrest heart action and 
 dilate arterioles, producing fainting and fatal prostration. Anti- 
 dotes — Keep the patient perfectly quiet, administer alcoholic stim- 
 ulants, along with counter-irritation to the heart. 
 
 Hydrocyanic Acid. — Syjnptoms — When given in fatal doses 
 the symptoms set in with great rapidity. Occasionally the victim 
 maybe able to perform a fe.v voluntary actions before alarming 
 symptoms are developed ; there is first a brief stage of difficult 
 breathing and slow action of the heart, with a tendency for the 
 organ to stop in the stage of dilatation. With widely-dilated pu- 
 pils, the patient is then seized w'ith violent irregular convulsive 
 movements, respiratory rhythm is disturbed, and the countenance 
 becomes of a bluish cast. The patient now sinks to the ground 
 
 1 
 
 de- ■ 
 
28 
 
 with complete loss of muscular action, slow gasping respirations, 
 loss of pulse and paralysis of motion. Death is frequently pre- 
 ceded by muscular spasms. Antidotes — Inhalation ot fumes of 
 strong ammonia^ drinks of warm and cold water alternately, fric- 
 tion of the limbs, and artificial respiration. The subcutaneous 
 injection of atropine is given here as a cardiac stimulant. 
 
 Iodine. — Symptoms — Large doses produce the symptoms of an 
 irritant poison ; persisted with for a long period, it induces a de- 
 bilitated, depraved state, termed iodism, characterized by loss of 
 appetite, an irritable, catarrhal condition of the mucous membrane 
 of the nostrils, eyes, throat and digestive organs, a vesicular skin 
 eruption, abstinence from water, languor, inaptitude for exertion, 
 and elevation of temperature. A ntidotes — Full doses of starch, 
 to convert unabsorbed iodine into innocuous amylum iodide. 
 Withhold all medicines containing iodine, and administer mineral 
 tonics, bitters and nutritive diet. 
 
 Lead. — Symptoms — Chronic poisonmg mostly seen ; impaired 
 digestion, appetite capricious, sometimes lost, sometimes morbidly 
 increased ; spasms and subsequently torpidity of the bowels — sim- 
 ilating stomach staggers in horses and impaction of omasum in 
 cattle. Later, along the margins of the gums appears a gray line 
 of lead deposit, blackened by sulphur ; often there is colic and 
 constipation ; extensor muscles are cramped and paralyzed earlier 
 and more seriously than the flexors, and there is atrophy of the 
 affected muscles. A ntidotes — In acute poisoning, an emetic or the 
 stomach-pump is promptly used, followed by the appropriate anti- 
 dotes. In chronic poisoning the lead, whether deposited in the 
 tissues or lodged in the digestive canal, should be rendered insolu- 
 ble by administration of sulphur, potassium iodide or magnesium 
 sulphate. The two latter antidotes, each repeated thrice daily, 
 are most to be relied on, and are followed up by occasional doses 
 of oil, which removes the lead salts as they are excreted, into the 
 bowels. 
 
 Morphine. — See Opittm. 
 
 Nux Vomica. — Symptoms — Trembling and twitching of volun- 
 tary and involuntary muscles, and violent clonic spasms, usually 
 lasting one or two minutes, gradually becoming more frequent and 
 severe, and from involving the glottis, diaphragm and other mus- 
 cles of respiration cause death usually by asphyxia. The symp- 
 toms and mode of death resemble tetanus, but are more suddenly 
 developed, more intermittent and more rapidly fatal. The spasms 
 are more clonic and less tonic than in tetanus, and do not so 
 early affect the muscles of the jaw. Antidotes — Empty stomach 
 speedily ; if convulsions frequent, anaesthetize the patient, stom- 
 ach washed out, and chloral hydrate given hypodermically ; curare, 
 conium, tobacco, opium and calabar bean. 
 
24 
 
 Opum. — Syjiiptoins -Cold, clammy sweat, very slow heart, 
 abolished retiexes, coma, the pupil minutely contracted, but dilated 
 as the end approaches, and death by suspension of respiration, due 
 to the direct action of the poison on the respiratory centre in the 
 medulla. Antidotes — Evacuate stomach; maintain respiration 
 and keep up circulation ; atropine antagonizes the cerebral action, 
 also its action on pupil, respiration, heart and arterial tension ; but 
 if given too freely will substitute belladonna narcosis for opium 
 narcosis. Coffee and caffeine, faradization of chest muscles, cold 
 effusions and artificial respiration are of great value ; evacuation 
 of bladder is also important. 
 
 Oxalic Kcim.— Symptoms — When taken in the stomach in con- 
 centrated solution it produces the symptoms of a corrosive poison, 
 and also exerts a specific effect, killing the patient by cardiac syn- 
 cope within a few minutes, having exhibited great weakness, small 
 pulse and heart failure. Antidotes — A prompt emetic, followed 
 by chalk, w'hiting, or any substance containing carbonate of cal- 
 cium. The alkaline carbonates are valueless, for the alkaline oxa- 
 lates are almost as poisonous as oxalic acid itself. 
 
 Phosphorus. — Symptoins — It is a powerful gastro-intestinal 
 irritant, causing vomiting and purging, with great depression; 
 reaching the blood as phosphorus, it destroys the red blood cor- 
 puscles, causing acute haemorrhage, from fatty degeneration of 
 the arterial walls, rapid steatosis of the stomach, liver and heart, 
 with deep jaundice ; then delirium, convulsions, coma and death, 
 generally from gradual failure of respiration and circulation. 
 A ntidotes — Sulphate of copper is the best emetic ; hydrated mag- 
 nesia as a quick purgative ; lime water or charcoal to prevent its 
 action on tissues. Commercial oil of turpentine is the antidote; 
 but no fats or oils to be given, as they promote absorption of the 
 poison. 
 
 Potash and Soda Salts. — Symptoms — These produce symp- 
 toms resembling those of the mineral acids, except that purging is 
 a usual accompaniment. A ntidotes — Dilute acetic acid, citric 
 acid, lemon juice, fixed oils, demulcents, vinegar. 
 
 Stkamonilm. — Same as Belladonna. 
 
 Strychnine. — Same as Nux I'omica. 
 
 Zinc Salts. — Symptovis — The soluble salts (chloride, sulphate 
 and acetate) are corrosive poisons, causing violent gastro-enteritis, 
 and in some cases profound nervous symptoms. A ntidotes — Car- 
 bonate of soda, emetics, warm demulcent drinks. 
 
25 
 
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30 
 COMPOSITION OF MILK 
 
 IN VARIOUS ANIMALS. 
 
 CONSTIl UENTS 
 
 (in loo parts). 
 
 Cow. 
 
 Goat. 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Ass. 
 
 Mare. 
 
 Sow. Woman 
 
 Water 
 
 85.7 
 
 14.3 
 
 4.8 
 
 0.6 
 
 4.3 
 4.0 
 0.6 
 
 86.4 
 
 13.6 
 
 3.3I 
 1.2) 
 
 4.4 
 4.0 
 0.7 
 
 84.0 
 16.0 
 
 5.3 
 
 5-4 
 4.1 |. 
 
 0.7* 
 
 91.0 
 9.0 
 
 2.0 
 1-3 
 
 5.7 
 
 82.8 
 17.2 
 
 1.6 
 
 6.9 
 8.7 
 
 82.4 
 
 17.6 
 
 6.1 
 
 6.4 
 i 4.0 
 M.I 
 
 88 8 
 
 Solids 
 
 
 Casein 
 
 Albumen 
 
 Fats 
 
 3.5 
 
 3-5 
 4.0 
 0.2 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Salts 
 
 RELATIVE VALUE OF DIFFERENT KINDS 
 OF MILK. 
 
 Mares' Milk 
 Asses' " 
 Women's " 
 Goats' " 
 Cows' " 
 Sheep's " 
 
 Water. 
 
 91.15 
 89.01 
 87.24 
 86.85 
 84.28 
 83.30 
 
 Casein & 
 Albumen 
 
 Butter. 
 
 1.03 
 
 3.57 
 2.88 
 
 1.27 
 1.85 
 3.68 
 
 3.79 
 4.35 
 5.73 
 
 4.34 
 6.47 
 6.05 
 
 Sugar <S 
 Salts. 
 
 6.12 
 5.57 
 5.78 
 3.78 
 4.34 
 3.96 
 
 COMPOSITION OF THE BILE OF DIFFERENT 
 ANIMALS. 
 
 [Smith's Physiology of the Domestic Animals.] 
 In 100 Parts Rile, 
 
 Water 
 
 Solids 
 
 Bile Salts 
 
 Lecithin, Colesterin.. 
 
 Fats, Soaps 
 
 Mucin and Coloring I 
 
 Matter f 
 
 Inorganic Salts 
 
 Man. 
 
 Ox. 
 
 Pig. 
 
 D( 
 
 86.3 
 
 Q0.4 
 
 88.8 
 
 Fresh 
 
 95-3 
 
 13.7 
 
 9.6 
 
 II. 2 
 
 4-7 
 
 7-4/ 
 
 8!o 
 
 7.3 
 
 3.4 
 
 ... 
 
 2.2 
 
 0.5 
 
 2.2 
 
 0.3 
 
 0.6 
 
 0.2 
 
 I.I 
 
 T.3 
 
 I.T 
 
 0.6 
 
 From Gall 
 Bladder. 
 
 85.2 
 14.8 
 12.6 
 
 1.3 
 0.3 
 
 0.6 
 
31 
 
 COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD OF ANIMALS. 
 loo Parts Venous Blood (Hoppe-Seyler and Fudakowski). 
 
 Corpuscles 
 Plasma. .. 
 
 Horse. 
 
 32.62 
 67-38 
 
 Dog. 
 
 38 34 
 61.66 
 
 One Hundred Parts Plasma. 
 
 Solids 
 
 Water 
 
 Fibrin 
 
 Albumen 
 
 Fats 
 
 Extractives ... 
 Soluble Salts. . 
 Insoluble Salts 
 
 Horse. 
 
 Dog. 
 
 9.16 
 
 90.84 
 
 1. 01 
 
 7.87 
 
 92.13 
 
 0.18 
 
 7.76 
 
 6. 10 
 
 0.12 
 
 0.21 
 
 0.40 
 0.64 
 
 0-39 
 0.82 
 
 0.17 
 
 0.17 
 
 One Hundred Parts Corpuscles. 
 
 
 Horse. Dog. 
 
 Water 
 
 56.50 
 43.50 
 
 
 
 100 Parts Defibrinated Venous Blood of Ox (Bunge). 
 
 Water 
 
 Solids 
 
 Albumen 
 
 Haemoglobin 
 
 Other organic matters 
 I norganic matters .... 
 
 Potassium 
 
 Sodium 
 
 Lime ... 
 
 Magnesium 
 
 Iron Oxide 
 
 Chlorine 
 
 Phosphoric Acid 
 
 Water 
 
 Fibrin 
 
 Fat 
 
 Corpuscles 
 
 Albumen 
 
 Alkaline Phosphates . 
 
 " Sulphates... 
 
 " Carbonates. . 
 
 Sodium Chloride 
 
 Iron Oxide 
 
 Calcium 
 
 Phosphoric Acid 
 
 Sulphuric Acid 
 
 Corpuscles. 
 
 Serum. 
 
 31-87 
 
 68.13 
 
 19.12 
 
 62.22 
 
 12.75 
 
 5.91 
 
 3-42 
 
 4-99 
 
 8.94 
 
 
 0.24 
 
 0.38 
 
 0.15 
 
 0.54 
 
 0.0238 
 
 0.0173 
 
 0.0667 
 
 0.2964 
 
 .... 
 
 0.0070 
 
 0.0005 
 
 0.0031 
 
 .... 
 
 0.0007 
 
 0.0521 
 
 0.2532 
 
 0,0224 
 
 o.oi8t 
 
 Ox. 
 
 Calf. 
 
 799-59 
 
 826.71 
 
 3.62 
 
 5-76 
 
 2.04 
 
 1. 61 
 
 121.86 
 
 102 . 50 
 
 66.90 
 
 56.41 
 
 0.468 
 
 0.957 
 
 1. 181 
 
 0.269 
 
 1.071 
 
 1.263 
 
 4-321 
 
 4.864 
 
 0.731 
 
 0.631 
 
 0.098 
 
 0.130 
 
 0.123 
 
 0.109 
 
 0.018 
 
 0.918 
 
32 
 
 HOURLY SECRETION OF BILE BY VARIOUS 
 ANIxMALS (Colin). 
 
 Ox loo to I20 grammes. 
 
 Pig 75 " i6o 
 
 Sheep lo " i6o " 
 
 Dog 8" 15 " 
 
 Horse 250" 300 " 
 
 QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF GASTRIC 
 JUICE OF DIFFERENT ANIMALS. 
 
 [Smith's Physiology of the Domestic Animals.] 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Water 
 
 Organic Matter (especially ferments) . , 
 
 Sodium Chloride 
 
 Calcium Chloride , 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid 
 
 Potassium Chloride , 
 
 Ammonium Chloride , 
 
 Calcium Phosphate 
 Magnesium " 
 Ferric " 
 
 Man. 
 994.40 
 
 Dog. 
 
 973.06 
 
 3.19 
 1.40 
 0.06 
 
 17-13 
 2.50 
 0.26 
 
 3-19 
 
 17-13 
 
 0-55 
 
 1. 12 
 
 .... 
 
 0.47 
 
 
 1.73 
 
 0.125 
 
 < 0.23 
 ( 0.08 
 
 986.14 
 
 4.0s 
 
 4-37 
 
 O.II 
 
 4-05 
 1.52 
 0.47 
 1.18 
 0.57 
 0-33 
 
 Note. — Various attempts have been made to collect the gastric 
 juice of solipeds, but as yet it has been impossible to obtain it in a 
 free state from a live subject, gastric fistulae being impossible upon 
 anatomical grounds. 
 
 COMPOSITION OF THE URINE OF DIFFER. 
 ENT ANIMALS (Boussingault) 
 
 Pig.* 
 
 Urea 
 
 Potass. Hippurate 
 
 Alkaline Lactates 
 
 Potass. Bicarb , 
 
 Mag. Carb 
 
 Calcium Carb 
 
 Potass. Sulph 
 
 Sodium Chloride 
 
 Silica 
 
 Phosphates 
 
 Water and undetermined substances 
 
 Horse.* 
 
 Cow.t 
 
 31.0 
 
 18.5 
 
 4-7 
 
 16.5 
 
 20.1 
 
 17.2 
 
 15.5 
 
 16. 1 
 
 4.2 
 
 4-7 
 
 10.8 
 
 0.6 
 
 1.2 
 
 3.6 
 
 0.7 
 
 1.5 
 
 i.o 
 
 traces 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 910.0 
 
 921.3 
 
 lOOO.O 
 
 1000. 
 
 4-9 
 
 10.7 
 
 0.9 
 
 traces 
 
 2.0 
 
 1.0 
 
 070. 1 
 
 * Diet of oats and clover hay. 
 + Diet of hay and potatoes. 
 t Diet of cooked potatoes. 
 
33 
 COMPOSITION OF MIXED SALIVA. 
 
 The chemical composition of the mixed saliva varies somewhat 
 in different animals. The solids are epithelium and mucin, ptyalin, 
 serum-albumen, globulin and salts. The following table represents 
 some of the different analyses which have been made : 
 
 Horse, 
 
 Water 992.00 
 
 Mucus and Albumen 2.00 
 
 Alkaline Carbonates 1.08 
 
 Alkaline Chlorides 4-92 
 
 AlkaHne Phosphates and Phosphate of Lime traces 
 
 1000.00 
 
 Cow. 
 
 Water 990.74 
 
 Mucus and Albumen 0-44 
 
 Alkaline Carbonates 3 . 38 
 
 Alkaline Chlorides 2 . 85 
 
 Alkaline Phosphates 2 . 49 
 
 Phosphate of Lime o. 10 
 
 1000.00 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Water 989.00 
 
 Mucus and Albumen i .00 
 
 Alkaline Carbonates 3.00 
 
 A Ikaline Phosphates i . 00 
 
 Alkaline Chlorides 6.00 
 
 Phosphate of Lime traces 
 
 1000.00 
 
 Man. 
 
 Water 995 . 16 
 
 Solids 4 . 84 
 
 Mucus and Epithelium 1.62 
 
 Soluble Organic Matter 1.34 
 
 Sulphc-Cyanide of Potassium 0.06 
 
 Inorganic Salts 1.82 
 
 Dog. 
 
 Water 989,06 
 
 Solids 10.05 
 
 Soluble Organic Matter 3.58 
 
 Inorganic Salts •• 6.79 
 
 DURATION OF CESTRUM. 
 
 [Smith's Physiology of Domestic Animals,] 
 
 Mare 2 to 3 days. 
 
 Cow 15 to 30 hours. 
 
 Sow I to 3 days. 
 
 -Sheep 2 to 3 " 
 
 Goat 2 to 3 " 
 
 Bitch 91014 " 
 
34 
 
 RESPIRATORY AND PULSE RATES. 
 
 Horse. 
 Cow. ., 
 Sheep 
 Pig... 
 Dog... 
 
 Pulsations 
 
 Respirations 
 
 per minute. 
 
 per minute. 
 
 36 to 40 
 
 10 to 12 
 
 45 to 50 
 
 15 to 18 
 
 70 to 80 
 
 13 to 16 
 
 70 to 80 
 
 20 to 30 
 
 90 to 100 
 
 15 to 20 
 
 These figures are inconstant, being governed largely by the in- 
 dividual temperaments and breed. 
 
 DURATION OF GESTATION IN VARIOUS 
 ANIMALS. 
 
 [The figures given in this table are those usually observed ; the 
 foetus may be carried for a longer or shorter period, and still be a 
 healthy offspring.] 
 
 Mare 11 months and 1 5 days. 
 
 Ass II " ' 15 '■ 
 
 Cow 9 " " 15 " 
 
 Sheep 5 " 
 
 Goat 5 " 
 
 Sow 4 " 
 
 Bitch 2 " " 3 •' 
 
 Cat 8 weeks. 
 
 Rabbit 28 days. 
 
 Elephant 2 years. 
 
 The male is usually carried longer than the female ; primipara 
 longer than older females ; well-bred longer than those of coarser 
 breeds. • 
 
 COMPOSITION OF F^CES. 
 
 The following table, from "Smith's Physiology of the Domes- 
 tic Animals," gives the percentage of salts found in the faeces of 
 •different animals. The percentage will vary according to the na- 
 ture of the food. It may, as a rule, be said that in the faeces of 
 the dog about 20 per cent, of inorganic matter is present when on 
 a pure meat diet, and 24 percent, on a mixed diet ; in that of the 
 herbivora, 58 per cent, is inorganic, though the faeces of the suck- 
 ing calf will contain only 2.6 per cent, of the inorganic matter con- 
 tained in the food. According to Valentin, 100 grammes of faeqes 
 of the hog contains 37.2 grammes ; ox, 15.2 grammes ; horse, 13.3 
 grammes ; sheep, 13.5 grammes of ash. 
 
 Sodium Chloride 
 
 Potassium 
 
 Sodium 
 
 Lime 
 
 Magnesium 
 
 Oxide of Iron 
 
 Phosphoric Acid 
 
 Sulphuric Acid 
 
 Carbonic Acid 
 
 Silicon 
 
 Sand 
 
 Oxide of Magnesium. 
 
 Horse. 
 
 Ox. 
 
 Hog. 
 
 0.89 
 
 0.03 
 
 0.23 
 
 11.30 
 
 2.91 
 
 3.60 
 
 i.c8 
 
 0.98 
 
 3-44 
 
 4.63 
 
 5-71 
 
 2.03 
 
 3.84 
 
 11.47 
 
 2.24 
 
 1.44 
 
 5.22 
 
 5-57 
 
 10.22 
 
 8.47 
 
 5.39 
 
 1.83 
 
 1.77 
 
 0.90 
 0.60 
 
 62.40 
 
 62.54 
 
 13-19 
 61.37 
 
 2.13 
 
 .... 
 
 
 0.14 
 
 8.32 
 3.28 
 
 18. IS 
 
 5.45 
 
 2. 10 
 9.10 
 2.69 
 
 traces 
 50. Tl 
 
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36 
 
 NORMAL INTERNAL TEMPERATURE. 
 
 Degrees 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 Horse 
 
 Ox 
 
 Sheep and Goat. 
 Pig 
 
 99-5 
 
 IOI.2 
 I02. I 
 
 Id. 3 
 
 Dog 
 
 Cat 
 
 Camel 
 
 Elephant. 
 
 Degrees 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 100.3 
 
 99-9 
 99.2 
 
 97-7 
 
 Many circumstanees influence normal temperature : young ani- 
 mals register higher than old, nervous higher than those of phleg- 
 matic disposition, females higher than males, higher during exertion 
 than repose, higher in the evening than the morning. 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
 
 IMPERIAL AND METRIC. 
 
 APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. 
 I Grain, gr. j. 
 
 I Scruple, 3 j =20 grains. 
 
 I Drachm, 2j = 3 scruples = 60 grains, 
 
 I Ounce, ? j = 8 drachms = 480 " 
 
 I Pound, lb. j. 
 
 12 ounces = 5760 
 
 MEASURE OF CAPACITY. 
 
 1 Minim, m j. 
 
 I Fluid Drachm, _/ 3 j = 60 minims. 
 
 I Fluid Ounce, y"?j = 8 fluid drachms. 
 
 I Pint, Oj = 16 fluid ounces. 
 
 I Quart, Qtj = 2 pints. 
 
 1 Gallon, Cj = 4 quarts. 
 
 I minim of water weighs nine-tenths of a grain ; a fluid ounce 
 at 60° weighs exactly an ounce avoirdupois; hence a pint is equal 
 to a pound and a quarter, and a gallon to ten pounds avoirdupois. 
 
 DOMESTIC MEASURES. 
 
 Common tumblers = 8 to 10 fluid ounces. 
 
 Teacups = 5 to 7 '' 
 
 Wine-glasses = 2 to 2% " 
 
 Tablespoons = half a " 
 
 Dessertspoons = 2 fluid drachms. 
 
 Teaspoons =1 " 
 
37 
 
 THE METRIC SYSTEM. 
 
 
 MEASURES OF WEIGHT. 
 
 
 
 I Millogramme 
 
 = o.ooi gramme 
 
 = 
 
 0.015432 grains 
 
 I Centigramme 
 
 = O.OI 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 0.15432 
 
 '• 
 
 I Decigramme 
 
 = O.I 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 1-5432 
 
 n 
 
 I Gramme 
 
 = I.O 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 15-432 
 
 il. 
 
 I Decagramme 
 
 = lO.O 
 
 
 
 =. 
 
 0.022046 lbs. 
 
 I Hectogramme 
 
 = lOO.O 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 0.22046 
 
 '' 
 
 I Kilogramme 
 
 = lOOO.O 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 2.2046 
 
 u 
 
 
 MEASURES 
 
 OF CAPACITY. 
 
 
 
 I Millitre 
 
 = I gramme of 
 
 water 
 
 = 
 
 o.o6ro cu 
 
 )ic in. 
 
 I Centilitre 
 
 = lO " 
 
 (( 
 
 
 = 
 
 0.610 
 
 
 I Decilitre 
 
 = lOO 
 
 (1 
 
 
 = 
 
 6.10 ' 
 
 ' 
 
 I Litre 
 
 = lOOO " 
 
 " 
 
 
 = 
 
 61.0 
 
 ' 
 
 
 MEASURES 
 
 OF 
 
 LENGTH. 
 
 
 
 I Millimetre 
 
 ''= O.OOI metre 
 
 = 
 
 0.03937 English 
 
 inch. 
 
 I Centimetre 
 
 = o.ot 
 
 
 = 
 
 0-3937 
 
 u 
 
 I Decimetre 
 
 = O.I 
 
 
 = 
 
 3-937 
 
 " 
 
 11 
 
 I Metre 
 
 = I.O ' 
 
 
 = 
 
 39-37 
 
 " 
 
 (( 
 
 I Decametre 
 
 = lO.O ' 
 
 
 = 
 
 32.80 
 
 u 
 
 feet. 
 
 I Hectometre 
 
 = lOO.O ' 
 
 
 = 
 
 328.08 
 
 " 
 
 u 
 
 LAWS OF CHEMICAL INCOMPATIBILITY. 
 
 I. Two salts in solution may form by the interchange of their 
 acids and bases two insoluble salts which are precipitated, or a sol- 
 uble and insoluble salt ; the latter will generally be precipitated, or 
 may form with the soluble salt a double salt. 
 
 II. When two salts in solution do not give rise to an insoluble 
 salt, no precipitate will result, though there may be decomposition. 
 
 III. An acid will decompose a salt — 
 
 (rt) If the acid added be more fixed or more soluble than 
 
 that of the salt. 
 (/>) If the acid added can form an insoluble or less soluble 
 
 compound with the base of the salt. 
 (l) If the acid added possesses a greater affinity for the 
 
 base of the salt. 
 (r/) If the acid of the salt be gaseous. 
 
38 
 
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40 
 
 ANIMAL NOMENCLATURE. 
 
 [Condensed from a paper by R. S. Huidekoper, M.D., Veter- 
 inarian. Read before the U. S. V. M. Association, Sept. 16, 1891.] 
 
 With the domesticated animal, custom has established certain 
 specific terms which define species, sex and age, and these should 
 be used according to their exact meaning, and with no other mean- 
 ing, so far as possible, in all expert writings. 
 
 Genus Equus ; Species caballus. Specific term, Horse. The 
 animal is, viz.: a Foal., irrespective of sex, from birth until weaned ; 
 a Weanling., when weaned until a Yearling. The male animal is, 
 viz. : a Colt., until the mouth is made or until castrated ; custom 
 has, however, accepted the first indication of the corner teeth, or 
 four years, as the age at which he becomes a horse ; a Gelding., 
 after castration, at any age ; a Horse or Stallion after the mouth 
 is made, or earlier if he stands for service ; a Ridgling, if one tes- 
 ticle has not descended to the scrotum. The female is, viz. : a 
 Filly, until the mouth is made, or until bred ; a Mare, after the 
 mouth is made, or sooner if bred. 
 
 Species asinus. Specific term, Ass. The ass is, viz. : a Foal, 
 until weaned ; after that the male animal is a. Jack, the female a 
 Jenny, The male mule is known as a. Jack Mule, irrespective of 
 gelding, and the female as ^ Jenny Mule. The hybrid foal of the 
 male ass and the mare is the true mule. That between the stallion 
 and the female ass is called the Hinny. 
 
 Genus Bos ; Species domcsticus. Specific term. Neat Cattle. 
 The animal is, viz. : a Calf until six months old (the natural time 
 for weaning); a Bullock is a young bull, or any male' of the ox 
 liind ; a Bull\% the male animal ; a ''''Steer is the castrated male of 
 neat cattle. He is called an ox-calf or bull-calf until he is twelve 
 months old, a steer until he is four years old, and after that an ox 
 or bullock." — Vojtatt. An (^x {vide) "steer;" a 6"^^^ is a cas- 
 trated male : a Heifer is the female until bred, or until the mouth 
 is made ; a Coiv is the female after breeding, or when the mouth 
 is made. 
 
 Genus Ovis ; Species aries. Specific term. Sheep. The ani- 
 mal is, viz.: a Lamb until a year old : a Ram or a Tup when male 
 over eighteen months old^gind has its first intermediate permanent 
 teeth ; a Eivc when female over eighteen months old, and has its 
 first intermediate teeth ; a M'ether, when a castrated male ; a Hog- 
 get is the young sheep before it has been shorn. 
 
41 
 
 Genus Capra ; ^ecies hircus. Specific term, Goat. The ani- 
 mal is, viz. ; a Ktd until a year old . a Billy is the male, a Nanny 
 the female. 
 
 Genus Sus ; Species scrofa. Specific term, Swine, Pigs, Hogs. 
 The animal is, viz. : a Suckling until weaned ; a Roaster from 
 four until eight weeks old ; a PigxxviXW a year old, male or female ; 
 a Porker, Porket or Porkling is a young hog or pig ; a Boar is 
 the adult male ; a Sow, the adult female ; a Shoat, Shote or Shoot 
 is a growing hog : a Barrow is a castrated hog ; a Farrow is a 
 litter of pigs. 
 
 Genus Canis ; Species domesticus. Specific term. Dog. A 
 Puppy is the young ; a Dog is the male ; a Bitch or Slut the fe- 
 male (the former term is preferable). 
 
 Genus Gallus ; Species domesticus. Specific term, Chickens, 
 Barnyard Fowls, Pullail. A Cock is the male ; a Cockerel is a 
 young cock ; a Stag\% a young game cock ; a Capon is a castrated 
 male ; a /j''^^ is the female ; a Pullet is the young female ; Poul- 
 try are the fowls fed for the table. 
 
 WEIGHT OF VARIOUS STYLES OF HORSES. 
 
 Ponies are under 800 lbs. 
 
 Light roadsters 950 " 
 
 Ordinary roadsters and saddle horses 950 to 1,150 lbs. 
 
 Coach horses 1,000 to 1,350 " 
 
 Light draught horses 1,000 to 1,350 " 
 
 Medium draught horses ii35o to 1,500 *' 
 
 Heavy draught horses ii5oo and over. 
 
 With a severe fever or other illness, a horse may lose 25 lbs. to 
 40 lbs. a day ; 200 lbs. in a week. 
 
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