D 
 
 Y?^6 
 
Class JQ_ 
 Book. 
 
 PRESENTED JtY 
 

 A HISTORY OF THE WORK IN THE 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C, DISTRICT 
 
 WAR WORK COUNCIL 
 
 YMCA 
 
 Y 
 
 FROM 
 
 JULY 1st, 1917, 
 
 TO 
 
 JULY 1st, 1919. 
 
 GEORGE W. HUNTER 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 

 ^i\^ 
 
 PART I. — Genera! Organization of the District. 
 
 PART II.— A History of the War Work in the Camps and Can- 
 tonments. 
 
 PART III.— Headquarters Departmental Reports. 
 
 It is hoped that this outline, inadequate and perhaps inaccu- 
 rate as it is, will be of some permanent value as a beginning on 
 which to superimpose data which will make a full report of the 
 work of the Washington District. 
 
 I wish to make acknowledgment to William Knowles Cooper, 
 George T. Hastings, Ralph K. Hickok and D. E. Yarnell, 
 as well as all other members of the War Work staff, for their 
 splendid co-operation in preparing this; without their aid the 
 task would have been well nigh hopeless. To all who have 
 helped, especially the faithful and efficient stenographic force 
 of the headquarters staff, my sincere thanks are due. 
 
 George W. Hunter. 
 
 Gift 
 Pubr 
 
A History of the Work in the Washington, D. C, District. 
 
 War Work Council. 
 
 PARTI. 
 
 General Organization of the District. 
 
 The Washington District is unique in that it has comprised 
 units from every branch of the service — Navy, Marine Corps and 
 Army — and in turn practically every department of the army 
 organization has been served, including forts, rifle ranges, train- 
 ing camps and one large cantonment. These have held infantry, 
 artillery, cavalry, signal corps, quartermaster corps, engineers, 
 and various specialized units, as the remount troops, hospital 
 corps men, and men of gas and flame, and camouflage divisions. 
 In addition to these, guard units have been served which have 
 been both transient and more or less permanent, the latter being 
 the troops guarding the public buildings in and about Washington . 
 Finally, the wounded and convalescent soldiers, sailors, and 
 marines have been served in the Walter Reed, Saint Elizabeth, 
 and the Naval Hospitals, and the camp and cantonment 
 hospitals. When demobilization began, secretaries went out 
 with men of their camps on troop trains carrying supplies of all 
 kinds. Especial mention might be made of the three weeks' 
 trip of L. A. Black with the aero squadron during the Fifth 
 Victory Loan Campaign. On this trip Mr. Black was practically 
 given charge of arrangements for the entertainment of the men 
 in the cities they visited. 
 
 At the beginning of the first period of the war, the war work 
 naturally fell under the jurisdiction of the Army and Navy Y. 
 M. C. A., but at the taking over of the work by the War Work 
 Council on July i, 19 17, a rapid expansion took place. 
 
 Up to this time the city Association had splendidly undertaken 
 to finance and to plan for all the war work in the district, eleven 
 secretaries having been maintained for varying periods of time. 
 
 Early in the summer of 19 17 William Knowles Cooper, general 
 secretary, was given jurisdiction over the district as district 
 general secretary. A. L. Smith, who had been a Y. M. C. A. 
 secretary at Fort Myer — and who at this time was chaplain of 
 
 3 
 
the Third District of Columbia Infantry — became associate 
 district general secretary in charge of the construction work of the 
 district. He, C. H. West, and a little later Charles N. Ramsey, 
 and on January 1 1 S. T. Allen, business secretary, were added to 
 the staff at headquarters. As the work grew, Mr. Ramsey be- 
 came personnel secretary for the district. 
 
 By the end of December, 191 7, the list of units being oper- 
 ated by the War Work Council staff was as follows : 
 Administration Office, 1736 G Street, with the following secre- 
 taries : 
 
 Wm. K. Cooper, Secretary in charge of District. 
 
 Arthur L. Smith, Secretary in charge of Construction. 
 
 C. N. Ramsey, Secretary in charge of Personnel. 
 
 C. H. West, Secretary in charge of Business. 
 
 Richard Bone, Secretary in charge of Automobiles. 
 Pennsylvania Avenue Building — Three secretaries. 
 Fort Myer — Five secretaries. 
 Quantico — Seven secretaries. 
 American University Park — Five secretaries. 
 Camp Meigs — Five secretaries. 
 Bel voir — Two secretaries. 
 Washington Barracks — Four secretaries. 
 St. Asaph — One secretary. 
 Fort Washington — One secretary. 
 Potomac Park — One secretary. 
 Walter Reed Hospital — One secretary. 
 
 On January 1, 191 8, Dr. D. E. Yarnell joined in the work as 
 associate district secretary and in the middle of the same month 
 Dr. Paul R. Hickok was added to the staff as religious work 
 director — Dr. Hickok serving until August 1, 191 8, when he was 
 succeeded by his brother, Prof. Ralph K. Hickok, who for several 
 months had been camp religious work director at Camp Hum- 
 phreys. On July 1, 1918, G. W. Irwin became associate district 
 secretary, but returned to his home association in the early fall. 
 July 29 Dr. George W. Hunter came into the work as district 
 educational director, continuing in this position until June 7, 
 1 91 9, when G. T. Hastings took up the work. In January, 191 8, 
 Mr. West was forced to go back into business life. His place was 
 
taken by S. T. Allen, who subsequently was called to the colors. 
 On September 15, 1918, S. B. Burchard, who had had a year's 
 experience in France, succeeded Mr. Allen as business secretary. 
 R. S. Truair filled this position subsequent to Mr. Burchard's 
 departure. The first construction secretary of the Washington 
 district was Charles W. Bier; he was followed by Fred E. Winter, 
 who in turn was succeeded by Charles T. Mott. For a brief 
 period in January, 191 9, Elmer E. Heidt acted as recreational 
 director of the district. 
 
 As the volume of war work grew in the district a total of one 
 hundred and sixty-five secretaries serving one hundred and 
 twenty-five thousand men was found just prior to the armistice 
 signing on November 11, 1918. All told, three hundred and 
 twenty-seven secretaries have served at one time or another in 
 the district and the following points have been served during 
 the war period. (The points are named approximately in the 
 order of opening service) : 
 
 Fort Myer: 
 St. Asaph, 
 Edsall Rifle Range, 
 Post Exchange, 
 
 Operated as outposts. 
 Quantico. — Main building and Over- 
 seas building: 
 Rifle Range, 
 Indian Head, 
 Chateau Thierry, 
 Tenth Regiment, 
 
 Operated as outposts. 
 Belvoir. — Afterwards as part of 
 
 Camp Humphreys. 
 A merican University. — Afterwards 
 
 Camp Leach. 
 East Potomac Park: 
 
 Congress Heights Rifle Range, 
 operated as outpost. 
 Camp Ordway— -Later Camp Meigs. 
 Walter Reed Hospital. 
 Washington Barracks: 
 
 Forts Washington and Hunt 
 
 (first operated as a single 
 
 post, later as an outpost of 
 
 Washington Barracks). 
 
 Fort Foote, operated as outpost. 
 
 Eagle Hut. — (Pennsylvania Avenue 
 
 Hut). 
 Camp Humphreys: 
 ABC building. 
 DEF building. 
 NOP building, 
 KLM building, 
 GHJ building, 
 KK building, 
 Administration building, 
 Service Battalion building, 
 BB building, 
 Officers' building, 
 Quartermaster's building, 
 Accotink, 
 Occoquan, 
 
 Rifle Range, Lorton, Va., 
 Operated as outposts. 
 Liberty Hut. 
 Bliss Electrical School. 
 Maryland State College. 
 Howard University. 
 St. Elizabeth's Hospital. 
 Boiling Field A ir Station. 
 Anacostia Naval Air Station. 
 Machodoc Point Proving Ground. 
 Front Royal Remount Station. 
 
Forty -three points at which work has been established at one 
 time or another during the war period. 
 
 The following members of the district staff were transferred to 
 overseas service: 
 
 W. C. Protsnlan. 
 Charles H. West. 
 
 George W. Atkinson. 
 E. E. Briggs. 
 J. Arthur Edwards. 
 C. Arthur Ford. 
 Lawrence L. Lee. 
 
 Arthur L. Smith. 
 F. W. Smith. 
 
 In addition to these, some thirty-three men and sixty-six 
 women from Washington who were not connected with the 
 War Work Council of the district, were sent overseas by the 
 Y. M. C. A. 
 
 The following members of the district staff entered the service 
 of the government in various capacities : 
 William Hubbard Alderson. 
 Sinclair T. Allen. 
 Donald B. Atwell. 
 
 Kenneth B. Canfield. 
 
 H. B. Cooper. 
 
 Earl Cranston. 
 
 M. Casson. 
 
 A. Bruce Clark. (Mr. Clark secured 
 commission of lieutenant. Was 
 discharged from the service early 
 in 1 91 9 and shortly thereafter 
 died of influenza.) 
 
 Theo. C. Crippen. 
 C. E. Kraft. 
 Harry G. Green. 
 John F. Long. 
 
 E. R. Miller. 
 Kercheval Smith. 
 Lester Storm. 
 William Still well. 
 
 F. W. Heifer. 
 Harold Lawton. 
 E. E. Morgan. 
 Clinton Oblinger. 
 
 The work in the district always has been ably assisted by the 
 loyal co-operation of a group of splendid women, who composed 
 a very strong arm of the service that the Association was per- 
 mitted to render. It would not be possible to mention all those 
 who have co-operated, but the very great volume of work per- 
 formed by Mrs. William Black, wife of General Black, 
 Mrs. J. L. Edwards, Mrs. F. S. Hight, Mrs. Joseph M. 
 Stoddard, Mrs. E. S. Lawrence, Mrs. R. E- Strawbridge, and 
 Miss Ann Darlington, makes their names stand out prominently. 
 Many other women performed notable service, some as "Camp 
 Mothers," as Miss Mary Gwynn, at Fort Myer, Mrs. Howells, 
 heading up a group of wonderful women from Alexandria, Mrs. 
 
William Marsh, and others. Two others gave of their time and 
 strength at headquarters— Mrs. Henry Minor and Mrs. Clara 
 I. Naughright— to them belongs much of the credit for the 
 smooth running of the speakers' bureau of the educational 
 department. 
 
 The history of the district, however, was not without its tinge 
 of tragedy. The influenza epidemic in the late fall touched the 
 " Y" heavily. Many secretaries were ill, some in hospitals and 
 some at home. The only death was that of Lieutenant Clark, 
 who long since had left the organization. Mention should be 
 made, however, of the splendid service of some of the secretaries 
 during the time of trial. Two— Richard Bone and George 
 Minot— gave their services as automobile ambulance drivers for 
 several weeks from 12 midnight until 9 a. m., taking patients 
 from their stricken homes to the emergency hospitals. Many 
 of the secretaries served the men quarantined in the barracks 
 during this trying time, and helped make this difficult period 
 more livable. In this connection the names of M. F. Andrew at 
 Meigs, E. S. Ralston at Humphreys, and L. W. Kinzly at Quan- 
 tico deserve especial mention. 
 
 Owing to the place filled by Washington in the eyes of the 
 nation, the Y. M. C. A. naturally came into the public eye here 
 almost more than anywhere else in the United States. Mr. 
 Cooper, because of his prominence as a well-beloved citizen, was 
 looked to by the citizens' committees to take care of visiting 
 organizations. The great Liberty Hut with its fourteen hundred 
 beds was a natural place to house such visiting organizations as 
 Garde Republicaine Band, the Foreign Legion, the Belgian sol- 
 diers and other groups appearing for the various Liberty Loans. 
 It also housed many groups of soldiers visiting Washington 
 unofficially, for example, Anzacs returning via Norfolk and the 
 Panama Canal to their homes in Australia and New Zealand. 
 
 The great auditorium at Liberty Hut also lent itself for the 
 staging of many public functions and the great red triangle over 
 the stage emblazoned itself as an emblem of real patriotic service 
 as Washingtonians and war workers met on many different 
 occasions to hear noted speakers pleading for such great causes 
 as the United War Work drives and the Liberty Loans. 
 
8 
 
 The auditorium at Liberty Hut served prominently for the 
 Y. M. C. A. on other great occasions — once at its dedication on 
 April 26, 191 8, when ex-ambassador Gerard gave the speech of 
 dedication, and more recently on May 16, 19 19, when Secretary 
 of War Newton T. Baker paid a splendid tribute to the work 
 of the Y. M. C. A. in an oration at the presentation of the 
 Croix de Guerre by General L. Collardet to three overseas secre- 
 taries, De Roy R. Fonville, Wm. R. Farmer, and Ernest C. Butler. 
 
 Another interesting event was the tour through the camps of 
 the district by the French Military Band — Garde Republicaine. 
 This wonderful organization led by Captain Pares gave a series 
 of masterly concerts at Humphreys, Quantico, Fort Myer, and 
 other points in the district. The most interesting and profitable 
 concert was given in the Belasco Theater on July 2, 191 8, where 
 about $1,700 was made available for the work of the Foyer du 
 Soldat. 
 
 Still another notable occasion in the annals of the War Work 
 Council was the week preceding the War Work campaign when 
 Madame Schumann Heink devotedly gave her services to the 
 Y. M. C. A. for the War Work drive. She sang in two or three 
 concerts every day during that week, giving magnificent service 
 and winning friends both for herself and the United War 
 Work campaign. Almost immediately following the tour of 
 Madame Schumann Heink, Christine Miller gave a week of 
 service to the camps of the district. 
 
 With such a wealth of material at its very doors, the Y. M. 
 C. A. in the Washington camps had as talent some of the most 
 noted speakers in the country. Ex-President Taft, Vice- 
 President Marshall, Secretary Daniels, Secretary Baker, and 
 many other noted men and women have given their services 
 freely and without price for the men in the service. Mrs. 
 Newton T. Baker on many occasions generously has sung for the 
 men. Among the most interesting of these was one at the out- 
 door amphitheater at Camp Humphreys, where over twelve 
 thousand men were massed on the hillside to hear her wonderful 
 voice. 
 
 One of the brightest spots in the history of the district was 
 the United War Work parade, which took place on the most 
 
auspicious day of all days — November 11,1918. All Washington 
 was in the first burst of enthusiasm over the armistice declara- 
 tion. A holiday was declared, and under cloudless skies, with 
 airplanes whirring overhead and guns booming from the posts 
 around the city, the united organizations passed in review before 
 the President. The parade was interspersed with numerous 
 floats — each organization having provided one. That of the 
 Y. M. C. A. represented a hut with a piano inside. Here the 
 famous Humphrey quartette, led by John Reynolds, sang, the 
 spectators along the route joining in the choruses of the camp 
 songs. This parade far eclipsed all subsequent parades in 
 enthusiasm — including the one in which the "Y" took part on 
 February 27, 191 9, to welcome the President and the returning 
 soldiers back from France. 
 
 Perhaps no feature of the work in the Washington District 
 was quite so valuable to the secretaries in a purely educational 
 and recreational way as the weekly conferences established by 
 Mr. Cooper. First, purely as business meetings they were held 
 Wednesday mornings at various city churches, then in the Sir 
 George Williams room of the city Y. M. C. A., and as that was 
 outgrown, in one of the class rooms. Again, in the summer of 
 191 8, the meetings were held in the churches. The day of meet- 
 ings was changed in the fall to Monday and again held in the 
 Y. M. C. A. The morning we met at the Bliss Electrical School, 
 with the inspection of their shops and the lunch served us by the 
 students, the meeting at Belvoir, when Kelly Harriss arranged a 
 boat ride and a dinner in one of the mess halls, and the later 
 picnic at Belvoir, are days that stand out as especially pleasant. 
 One of the most delightful features of the conference day always 
 was the luncheon served by the wives, mothers, and sweethearts 
 of the men in the service of the "Y" under the direction of a 
 committee of which Mrs. Cooper was chairman and Mrs. 
 Yarnell treasurer. This meeting, besides giving the men an 
 opportunity to meet "an honest to God woman" once more and 
 to enjoy a real home-cooked lunch, served to bring the party 
 together to hear some really worth-while message, often from 
 some man or woman of note who might be in the district. 
 
The conferences were opened at 10 a. m., thus giving oppor- 
 tunity for the secretaries in the outlying camps to get in. The 
 conference always began with a devotional service. During the 
 time Dr. Paul R. Hickok was religious-work secretary of the 
 district he brought a message of spiritual help each morning. 
 In more recent months various members of the staff took charge 
 of the exercises. Often the messages were farewell ones from 
 men leaving the service and gave something of their experiences 
 and vision in the work. Most of the conference time was devoted 
 to reports from the headquarters staff and from the camp 
 secretaries. Mr. Cooper, as a presiding officer, proved a genius 
 and made many a blue Monday seem rosy colored to the harassed 
 and weary secretary. It was he who saw the humor in every 
 report called for by New York and it was his quick mind which 
 placed the essentials of the discussion before the men in a way 
 that they did not soon forget. Frequently his ready wit coined 
 psychological catch words which made the trained psychologists 
 wonder why they had not thought of them before — and as for 
 the ministers of the gospel, their message had to go over or else 
 their headquarters chief would quietly gather up the scattered 
 thirdlies and fourthlies into a vital message that stuck in the 
 minds of all who heard it. Surely those morning conferences 
 will stand out in the minds of all of us as days when we worked 
 under a real leader. Then came the introduction of new secre- 
 taries, with the statements of where they came from, their denom- 
 inations, and reasons for entering the work. As the work began 
 to decrease there were more often farewells to men leaving than 
 greetings to men coming. After the luncheon there was another 
 series of treats. Mr. Cooper and the headquarters staff, working 
 together, usually succeeded in getting in someone really worth 
 while to address the meeting. Perhaps it was someone who had 
 done a big job in connection with the work of one of the welfare 
 orgainzations ; such a speaker was Miss Mabel Boardman, of the 
 American Red Cross; "Doc" Clifford, the "Y" man who 
 endeared himself to the Marine Corps for all time through his 
 rescue of General Catlin and his wholehearted service during the 
 fiery ordeal of Belleau Wood; or Harry W. Blair, who was first 
 
II 
 
 to aid the men of the heroic Lost Battalion that day in the 
 Argonne Forest. Or it might be men like Harry Holmes or 
 Gypsy Smith or our beloved " Rhody " with a story of what had 
 been done with our men overseas. Conditions in Russia were 
 graphically pictured by Harry Long and E. T. Col ton — the 
 latter one of the strongest men the " Y " sent overseas. William 
 Jessop took us into the dust and heat of Egypt and Palestine, 
 showing us the "Y" men working with the British Army. 
 Some of the strongest preachers in Washington addressed us at 
 various times— Bishop McDowell, Dr. Charles Wood, Dr. James 
 L. Gordon, and others — while Dr. George P. Eckman, Dr. Robert 
 Watson and others brought messages from outside the city. 
 
 Two or three interesting and instructive series of lectures 
 were arranged — one a series of five addresses by Prof. L. D. Bliss 
 on the causes of the war, another series of informal talks on 
 France and French ideals was given by Lieutenant J. Norton 
 Cru, who before the war was instructor in French at Williams 
 College, and a third series was given by various men high in the 
 government service who attempted to show directly or indirectly 
 the part played by the various departments in the business of 
 government. Some of the speakers in this series were Fred C. 
 Butler, Director of Americanization, Department of the Interior, 
 James L. Wilmeth, of the Bureau of Printing and Engraving, 
 Dr. E. F. Phillips, of the Department of Agriculture. Among 
 the most interesting speakers were Mrs. Barnett, wife of General 
 George Barnett, head of the Marine Corps, who gave a graphic 
 account of her experiences in the Chateau Thierry region, and 
 Brigadier General E. L. Munson, who told of the aims of the 
 morale division of the Army. Miss Katherine B. Davis talked 
 at one conference on the work of the Division of Social Hygiene 
 and presented the new film "The End of the Road" for con- 
 structive criticism. 
 
 The affairs of the day were not forgotten at these conferences. 
 The League of Nations and its meaning were ably discussed by 
 Dr. Theodore Marburg, ex- Ambassador to Belgium, and by the 
 Hon. Charles W. Needham, of the Interstate Commerce Com- 
 mission. Poland and the place under the sun of some of the 
 
12 
 
 smaller new nations were presented by James C. White, direc- 
 tor of the Associated Polish Press, and others. And last, but 
 not least, the governmental agencies at work to rehabilitate and 
 care for the returning soldier were given by Dr. E. B. Kidner, 
 the Canadian expert in vocational retraining, who represented 
 the Federal Board for Vocational Education, our own Mr. 
 Ramsey for the War Risk Insurance, and Dr. Shepherd L. Franz, 
 scientific director of St. Elizabeth's Hospital, who spoke on 
 reconstruction work with shell-shocked and paralyzed soldiers. 
 After the conferences adjourned there were occasionally de- 
 partmental conferences to discuss the work being done and to 
 plan for the weeks to come, Mr. Cooper very often meeting at 
 this time with the camp executives. It was largely through 
 these conferences that the work developed from that of a group 
 of camps doing independent work to a unified district work with 
 large plans and programs covering all the centers. The combi- 
 nation of good fellowship, inspiring addresses, good lunches, and 
 the touch with the work of the whole district did much to keep 
 the work in the district up to a high standard and the work of the 
 individual secretaries to the maximum efficiency. 
 
 PART II. 
 
 History of the War Work in the Camps and Cantonments, 
 
 Arranged in the Order in Which Work was Opened 
 
 by the Washington War Work Council. 
 
 FORT MYER. — As a permanent army post, Fort Myer 
 played an important part in the pre-war activities of this district. 
 Here was located one of the first army Y. M. C. A. buildings, and 
 here, under the watchful eye of the officers of the general staff, 
 the early work of the Y. M. C. A. must have been observed with 
 much interest. There seems to be no doubt but that, as a result 
 of the experiment tried long before the war started, the 
 War Department reached conclusions which afterwards were to 
 bear fruition in their attitude toward the Y. M. C. A. in the 
 army camps in this country and abroad. 
 
 For many years prior to the war, the Army and Navy Y. M. 
 C. A. had maintained secretary Arthur L,. Smith at the fort with 
 
13 
 
 his headquarters at the Post Exchange building. With the 
 outbreak of hostilities, a temporary building was constructed and 
 later enlarged. This building was one of the first War Work 
 Council "Y" buildings to function in the United States. 
 
 The Second Reserve Officers' Training Camp, with an attend- 
 ance of 1,400 men and 200 foreign officer-teachers, was in full 
 activity in the fall of 191 7. Naturally, then, at this point there 
 was much of importance to be done by the "Y" and a strong 
 program was needed. At a very early stage work developed at 
 St. Asaph driving park near Alexandria as an outpost of Fort 
 Myer. This was a temporary remount station, the camp being 
 under canvas. The work there was headed at first by A. Bruce 
 Clark, who later died of influenza. Late in November the camp 
 was discontinued on account of the cold weather. Fort Myer 
 also established an outpost at the Edsall target range. Here 
 Mr. Whitwell Beatson not only assembled, with the help of the 
 men on the spot, the temporary Pennsylvania Avenue building 
 sent to this point, but also installed a small electric lighting 
 generator in order to run moving pictures in a near-by natural 
 amphitheater for the benefit of the men on the range. The 
 Fort Myer program was also carried on at the Post Exchange 
 building, a strategic point where much service was rendered. 
 In the spring of 19 18 another point was opened to serve the men 
 of the 49th Engineers. George E. Day has been in charge of the 
 work since March 16, 191 8, and has rendered unusually efficient 
 service. The full program of the Y. M. C. A. was put over here 
 in spite of a rather unusual clientele, which, toward the end of the 
 war, consisted entirely of regular cavalry troops. This camp 
 contained probably as many different types of work as any 
 around Washington, having held, besides the Reserve Officers' 
 Training Camp, detachments of artillery, regular infantry, 
 cavalry, and engineers. The men from the Fort Myer Radio 
 Station and a small group of orderlies from the War College 
 have also been given service. 
 
 The history of this point would not be complete without 
 mentioning the rather unique service rendered by Mr. Day as he 
 hiked with a squadron of the nth Cavalry from Fort Myer to 
 New York and return. This trip lasted from April 17 to May 
 
1 6, 19 19, and was taken as an adjunct to the victory loan drive. 
 Not only did Mr. Day give out the usual " Y" material, but he 
 arranged with local Y. M. C. A. 's en route to serve the men in 
 every possible manner. This service was rendered at the re- 
 quest of the officers in command. 
 
 QUANTICO.— With the slogan of "First to Fight," the 
 Marines established themselves at Quantico, Virginia, early in 
 May, 19 1 7. By June, a thousand men were in camp, and quar- 
 ters for sixty-five hundred men were established within a few 
 weeks after this. Ground was broken June 27, 191 7, for the 
 War Work Council building, which was completed within two 
 months after this date. As early as the time of the dedication 
 on August 24 it was already inadequate for the needs of the 
 camp. A bronze tablet in the building reads as follows: 
 
 "This building was presented to United States 
 Marine Corps August 23, 191 7, by friends of New 
 Britain, Connecticut, Y. M. C. A., who also supply the 
 following Y. M. C. A. secretaries from New Britain to 
 serve here : 
 
 C. H. Barnes, 
 W. S. Slater F. N. Schade 
 
 J. G. Gripp L. E. Andrews" 
 
 Twelve thousand five hundred dollars were subscribed for 
 this purpose The interior fittings of this hut were bought with 
 five hundred and fifty dollars appropriated by the Colonial 
 Dames of Washington, D. C. 
 
 Quantico was destined to become one of the most important 
 points in the district. Early in the fall Maurice F. Childs came 
 into service as educational director of the camp and as such 
 established a strong program of French for men going overseas. 
 He later was appointed camp director, but was transferred to 
 Camp Merritt in January, 19 18. William H. Crown succeeded 
 him, continuing in service until November 20, 191 8. At this 
 time Dr. W. L. Darby was transferred from Camp Humphreys 
 to take charge of the work and has proven to be a wonderfully 
 able leader. Under his guidance the friendliness between the 
 officers and men of the marine corps and the secretaries has grown 
 to a wonderful extent. The splendid Fifth and Sixth Regiments, 
 
15 
 
 which distinguished themselves at Belleau Woods, were trained 
 here, and Quantico has become the synonym of efficient and 
 splendid service. A second building at Quantico, which has 
 been styled the Overseas building, was dedicated in the summer 
 of 19 1 8, the dedicatory address being delivered by Hon. Huston 
 Thompson of the Department of Justice. Several outposts 
 were served at different times during the war. Indian Head, 
 with which communication was maintained by launch, a great 
 industrial plant and proving grounds, was served while a marine 
 regiment was encamped there. Secretaries were also on duty 
 at the rifle range, at another outlying camp where the Tenth 
 Regiment was established, and still another point was served 
 at the Sappers' and Miners' camp at "Chateau Thierry," so- 
 called, up on the hill. 
 
 One significant event at Quantico was the coming in the sum- 
 mer of 19 1 8 of Prof. Edward Mack, D. D., of the faculty of 
 Union Theological Seminary, Richmond. Dr. Mack, by his 
 fine personality and unique powers of teaching, built up a pro- 
 gram of Bible study which reached throughout the barracks and 
 brought many a Marine to a renewed respect for "his mother's 
 Bible." In connection with this work must be mentioned a 
 quiet, modest man, L. W. Kinzly, who came into the work a 
 little later. He has been very near and dear to many boys 
 in the camp and has done more than any one man to give daily 
 Bible study a prominent place in Quantico. 
 
 Just across from the main "Y" hut was erected early in the 
 history of the camp a large gymnasium. Here all the indoor 
 athletics of the camp centered. And here, too, thanks to the 
 co-operation between the chaplain and the educational depart- 
 ment of the "Y," have been held many important meetings. 
 A series of lectures on good citizenship, "After Victory — What?" 
 South America, geography, and other general lectures have been 
 given here to audiences ranging from one thousand to thirty-five 
 hundred. 
 
 During the past year a young university has been established 
 at Quantico, and all types of educational work, heading men for 
 promotion or toward more efficient home-coming, has been in 
 progress. This work, begun by Mr. Childs, was carried on 
 
i6 
 
 splendidly by A. H. Myers, afterwards educational secretary of 
 the New York district, and then later by William F. George. 
 But the real significance of the Quantico educational program 
 lies in the fact that all members of the staff have co-operated to 
 put it over. 
 
 Especial emphasis has been placed on unselfish service since 
 the return of the men from overseas. And this has been found, 
 as at Walter Reed, the surest way to stop criticism. No place 
 exists where the " Y " is held in higher favor by both officers and 
 men — this has been proven in these later days of our service — 
 for the Post Commandant hearing that the "Y" was hard 
 pressed for room to do efficient work, turned over in May, 19 19, 
 an officers' barracks to be used as a camp headquarters building. 
 This is only one of many instances which show the splendid 
 spirit of co-operation existing between the marine corps and the 
 Y. M. C. A. 
 
 BELVOIR. — For some years the government has owned a 
 tract of wooded land near Mt. Vernon. Early in the war more 
 land alongside was purchased. This was at Belvoir, a part of the 
 original Fairfax estate — a region full of historical memories. 
 Here was located the William Fairfax house, long since burned 
 and destroyed except for its well-built foundation. Here Wash- 
 ington and his friends used to gather after their fox-hunting 
 expeditions, and here in this wonderful growth of pine was to be 
 located a great engineering camp — Camp A. A. Humphreys. 
 Its first beginnings were at Belvoir, a little promontory jutting 
 into Gunston Cove, on the opposite shore of which Gunston 
 Hall has stood since before the Revolution. The Belvoir Camp, 
 separated from the larger Humphreys by a distance of a mile and 
 a half, was nestled down at the foot of the hill, and the original 
 Belvoir Hut is one of the most picturesque and beautifully 
 located buildings in the district. It was erected with the assist- 
 ance of the engineers in camp here and was in operation about 
 the first of September, 191 7. A. B. Wegener was the first secre- 
 tary, beginning service on July 1, 191 7. During the trying 
 winter of 191 7-18 this hut maintained its service in the face of 
 real difficulties and hardships. Twenty- three miles from Wash- 
 
i7 
 
 ington, it could only be reached by a very poor road, which was 
 well nigh impassable a good part of that unusually vigorous 
 winter. A personal tribute should be paid here to Mrs. F. S. 
 Hight, the "Camp Mother" of Belvoir. No weather was too 
 stormy to keep her from her charge down the Potomac and her 
 personal inspiration meant very much to the men of the post 
 during that long bitter winter. Colonel Vanderbilt and the 
 One Hundred and Second Engineers were served in the early 
 days, and later the Fifty-first Engineers. The hut was closed 
 for service in January of 19 19, not to be used again except for 
 occasional outings of the war workers of the district. 
 
 AMERICAN UNIVERSITY.— Early in June, 19 17, a fourth 
 building in the Washington district had been begun at American 
 University. This building was completed July 18, 19 17. This 
 Methodist institution was turned over at the outbreak of the 
 war to the War Department for the training of engineers. The 
 camp was located on the site of one of the forts which defended 
 Washington during the trying days of the Civil War. It is of 
 interest that later on, after the original Y. M. C. A. building was 
 altered in July, 19 18, a mound containing 600 cubic yards of 
 dirt — part of the former fortification — was dug away by men of 
 the post detailed for that purpose, to make a proper foundation 
 for the enlarged Y. M. C. A. building. 
 
 In no place more than at Camp Leach — as it afterwards was 
 termed — did the public interest center. Here was located the 
 headquarters of the Gas Defense School with the chemical 
 laboratories, and in addition a camp for engineering regiments, 
 containing at one time nearly ten thousand men, sprang up 
 around the main building on the campus. 
 
 C. B. A. Bryant, the first secretary there, began work on June 
 14, 191 7, and during the trying days of the fall of 191 7 held down 
 a very difficult position and worked with great energy in the face 
 of tremendous hardships caused by lack of proper building 
 facilities. Mr. Bryant was succeeded in July, 19 18, by 
 E. R. Simons, who served until the camp closed temporarily 
 about December 20, 1918. 
 
 Camp Leach, in these early days, was a point of constant ebb 
 and flow, of extension and contraction, the engineering regiments 
 
i8 
 
 passing through on their way to France with increasing rapidity 
 as the need for them on the other side became greater. The 
 men of these regiments were trained foresters, railroad engineers, 
 bridge builders, and the like. Here as well were stationed men 
 of the camouflage division, and in the "Y" hut on October 31, 
 1 91 7, an entertainment was given by them, at which Secretary 
 Baker and Secretary Daniels were present. During the summer 
 of 1918 Secretary Baker visited this camp more than once. On 
 one special occasion he made an address to the men who were 
 departing overseas, at which time Mrs. Baker sang. Mrs. 
 Baker was a frequent visitor here and often sang on programs 
 in the "Y" building. 
 
 Mrs. William Black, wife of General Black — head of the engi- 
 neers — also was a devoted worker here, as was Mrs. J. L. 
 Edwards, one of the "camp mothers." 
 
 Many prominent speakers addressed the men in the open-air 
 auditorium during the summer months and movies were run in 
 this natural amphitheater. With the signing of the armistice 
 Camp Leach naturally dwindled in numbers and the "Y" 
 building was closed in December, 1918, for about six weeks, after 
 which time it was reopened under the direction of Mr. J. H. Y. 
 Davis to minister to the needs of two or three hundred colored 
 soldiers who were placed at the camp for protection of the build- 
 ings. The building finally was closed just before the first of 
 June, 19 19, and was sold for a nominal sum to the Methodist 
 Church for use as a temporary chapel at the University. 
 
 BAST POTOMAC PARK.— Shortly after the declaration of 
 war, a temporary camp was formed at East Potomac Park for 
 the colored troops of the District of Columbia. For some weeks 
 before these men were moved, this camp was served by a colored 
 secretary, R. W. Sherrill. Later in the spring of 1918 barracks 
 were erected for the use of the troops living here, three or four 
 hundred men of the Coast Artillery. This camp has housed men 
 from many branches of the service, among them the Fiftieth 
 Infantry, part of the Coast Artillery, Twenty-second Infantry, 
 Washington Battalion, and the Sixty-third Infantry. The mili- 
 tary police of the city, the guards cordoned around the White 
 House and other public buildings during the war, and the anti- 
 
*9 
 
 aircraft troops were all quartered in this camp. Although it 
 has never been a large camp, yet the number steadily increased 
 from about 1,000 early in 191 8 to nearly 2,000 during the first 
 quarter of 1919. In the month of March, 1918, Y. M. C. A. 
 work was carried on in a room in the medical building. The hut 
 was constructed and opened on April 17, 191 8, and has been in 
 continuous use ever since. The following Y. M. C. A. hut 
 secretaries have had general charge of the work at East Potomac 
 Park: W. L. Wessels, E. E. Briggs, John McKelvie, John M. 
 Arters, and Edward R. Foreman. Mr. Briggs was so popular with 
 the men that when he left for France to engage in Y. M. C. A. 
 work, the officers and men of the Fiftieth Infantry, the old com- 
 mand with which he was associated, petitioned to have him 
 remain with them. 
 
 In addition to the regular Secretaries, a corps of volunteer 
 women workers was organized by Mrs. John L. Edwards, giv- 
 ing extensive and valuable assistance on the desk, visiting the 
 sick, furnishing entertainment, and helping the men in many 
 ways. Great praise is due Mrs. Edwards and her loyal women 
 for their splendid service. Animated by heart-interest and 
 human sympathy, they gave our work soul, and demonstrated 
 the necessity of women to make Hut management successful. 
 The work up to the time of the armistice was that of the ordi- 
 nary camp, although special activity during the summers of 1918 
 and 1919 was given to outdoor athletics. During the summer 
 of 1918, as well, sundown religious services were conducted by 
 Secretary Thomas with great success, 200 frequently having 
 been in attendance. 
 
 The educational work up to the time when vocational work 
 began, after the signing of the armistice, was of the usual type, 
 with stress upon English to foreigners and French for officers 
 and enlisted men. Owing to the proximity of this camp to the 
 Department of Agriculture buildings, an interesting agricultural 
 course, known as the "Potomac Park Experiment" was main- 
 tained at this camp for a number of months. A special report 
 on this experiment has been submitted by Secretary Foreman 
 and is appended, in part, as follows: 
 
 "At East Potomac Park Y. M. C. A. an educational movement 
 has been tried which has proved very successful. At the sug- 
 
20 
 
 gestion of Dr. George W. Hunter, the States Relation Service 
 of the Department of Agriculture has instituted a course on 
 agriculture as a profession, illustrated by educational movies 
 and slides. Under management of Mr. William R. Beattie, 
 extension horticulturist, men of the Agricultural Department 
 were sent to the camp each week for fourteen weeks to discuss 
 the possibilities of agriculture, and all the details of the science 
 which has transformed agriculture in the last decade, putting it 
 upon a sure footing as a profession and demonstrating that no 
 occupation offers greater inducements of health and happiness. 
 
 "As a result of the success of this class at East Potomac Park 
 Y. M. C. A., similar classes have been opened at Walter Reed 
 Hospital for wounded overseas men, at Fort Myer, at Washing- 
 ton Barracks, and at Eagle Hut, at Camp Meigs, and at Camp 
 Humphreys. 
 
 "The Secretary of Agriculture has established the 'East 
 Potomac Park Experiment' as a definite government program 
 in all the American camps and overseas. Experts of the Agri- 
 cultural Department have been selected as traveling lecturers 
 to carry on the work in the smaller camps where soldiers are 
 being demobilized, and others have been assigned to carry on 
 the work in the permanent military camps. Four men have 
 been detailed to extend the idea to the soldiers still in the service 
 overseas. These representatives of the Agricultural Depart- 
 ment will work in conjunction with the morale officers of the 
 American Army and Navy, and great good is expected to result 
 from this undertaking." 
 
 With the slump in morale after the signing of the armistice 
 came increasing responsibilities on the "Y" man. The experi- 
 ment was tried of having open forum discussions on such sub- 
 jects as "What is the Best Thing in Life?" "Can a Man be a 
 Soldier and be Happy?" "What is Happiness?" "What is 
 Success?" etc., etc. In these meetings the men expressed their 
 views freely and the mental reactions excited by the discussions 
 were surprisingly good in quality and quantity, and the men 
 were put in better frame of mind for return to civil life. 
 
 "The spring of 191 9 saw a very excellent athletic program 
 put on in this camp. A separate gymnasium equipped by the 
 Y. M. C. A. was established in one of the barracks and was in 
 constant use as long as the men remained in camp. The 
 baseball team of the Sixty-third Infantry stood high in the local 
 league, with an excellent prospect of winning the pennant, up to 
 the time of their transfer to Madison barracks in June, 1919 
 
21 
 
 After that the hut was kept open for the four companies of the 
 Sixty-Third Infantry left behind during the summer of 1919." 
 
 CAMP MEIGS.— At the time of mobilization of the District 
 troops for work on the border, this site, located at Fifth and 
 Florida Avenue, was under the title of " Camp Ordway." Y. M. 
 C. A. work was carried on in a tent and such service rendered as 
 was possible under the circumstances. Later it became a 
 quartermaster camp and was known as Camp Meigs. At this 
 time the work under Kercheval Smith was established in one of 
 the barracks buildings. On March 8, 19 1 8, the present war work 
 building, the only welfare building in the camp, was dedicated. 
 At this time the work was under the charge of B. H. Darrow. 
 Later he was succeeded by John McKelvie, and still later by 
 H. G. Dooley. Unfortunately from certain points of view, 
 the commandant later issued an order closing the building each 
 day until retreat, and this of necessity restricted all activity to 
 a rather brief period of time. Nevertheless, some of the 
 secretaries at Camp Meigs got unusually close to the men. One 
 will never forget "Daddy" Miller and his homelike room with 
 the sign over the door, "Your friend, ask him anything." Nor 
 will he forget the kindly faces and sympathetic help rendered 
 by Millard F. Andrew and George L. Pake, a worthy team of 
 brothers in the service. 
 
 In the early winter of 1919 the camp became the home of the 
 Washington Motor Transport Corps and will probably be one of 
 the last camps to be demobilized in the district, although at one 
 time, after the quartermasters left, its demobilization was daily 
 expected. It has the reputation of being one of the most 
 beautiful camps in the district. It is certainly one of the best 
 kept, with its concrete roads, its flower beds, and its wonderful 
 out-of-door swimming pool. 
 
 In July 19 19 the camp entertained for several days a thous- 
 and Czecho-Slovek soldiers returning to their homes from 
 Siberia. These men crowded the hut all day and were 
 very appreciative of the entertainments and movies furnished 
 each night they were in camp. Chocolate, cigarettes and 
 Washington post cards were also given them and every- 
 
22 
 
 thing possible done to make them feel the American people 
 were their friends. 
 
 WALTER REED.— Walter Reed Hospital early was recog- 
 nized as a strategic point by Mr. Cooper, and application was 
 made by him to the War Work Council for a building. It was 
 seen that the work here must of necessity rapidly expand, and 
 that this would be the experiment station of the United States 
 Hospital Corps, because of its proximity to the headquarters of 
 the Surgeon General. Unfortunately, the War Work Council 
 did not see fit to act quickly and the splendid site offered to the 
 Y. M. C. A. was withdrawn by the hospital commandant and 
 was later occupied by the Red Cross administration building. 
 
 The first work here after the War Work Council assumed con- 
 trol was carried on by Mr. and Mrs. F. S. Gardner. Mrs. 
 Gardner was a charming personality, sweet and motherly, and 
 appealed so strongly to the men that the little basement room 
 in the main building was crowded from morning until night. 
 Being a mother with a boy in the service, her heart was in her 
 work and she went on her daily rounds carrying fruits, cakes, and 
 books to wounded men ; a trail of brightness and good cheer was 
 left behind. 
 
 Mr. Gardner was forced by business to be absent much of the 
 time, so his work was ably carried on by Rev. George M. Atkin- 
 son of Grace Episcopal Church of Georgetown. Mr. Atkinson 
 although he had almost since the inception of the hospital been 
 a steady visitor here, gave more liberally of his time from the 
 fall of 191 7 until May, 191 8, when he went overseas in the 
 service of the Y. M. C. A. He established what later became 
 known as the Atkinson orange fund, receiving contributions 
 from thousands of interested people — a fund which supplied the 
 sick men at Walter Reed literally with tons of this delicious 
 fruit. Mr. Atkinson's devotion to his men led him to give them 
 three days a week in the contagious wards. He, together with 
 a Roman Catholic priest, assigned here, worked hand and hand 
 through the dark days when pneumonia and grip were taking 
 off men in greater numbers than did gas and shrapnel later. 
 
23 
 
 Work which the Y. M. C. A. started at Walter Reed, consist- 
 ing of distribution of fruit, ward visits, automobile trips on sev- 
 eral days a week, afterwards was carried on by the Red Cross. 
 Later the working agreement was entered upon by which the 
 Y. M. C. A. restricted its activity primarily to the men of the 
 medical corps. 
 
 After the erection of the fine Red Cross building, the Y. M. 
 C. A. had its headquarters in part of it. At this time Mr. and 
 Mrs. E. C. Griggs began their service which continued until 
 the spring of 19 19. Meantime a site had been purchased 
 outside of the hospital reservation, and on Christmas day, 
 1 91 8, with Mr. Griggs as secretary, the new Y. M. C. A. 
 hut was opened. This was of the hospital type, containing a 
 well-equipped gymnasium, social room, and library, with quar- 
 ters for three secretaries. This hut long since has been outgrown 
 and authorization has been made for a large addition. 
 
 Mr. E. R. Simons came to Walter Reed after the closing of 
 Camp Leach. During his secretaryship the Y. M. C. A. pro- 
 gram became greatly enlarged, expecially in relation to the 
 medical corps men — about eleven hundred in number. A defi- 
 nite educational program was set up, with classes in Spanish, 
 English, stenography and typewriting, and agriculture, this work 
 being carried on directly in co-operation with the post depart- 
 ment of reconstruction and re-education. This reconstruction 
 work, which bids fair to be the important work of the future in 
 the hospital, also has taken over the services of one of the recre- 
 ational and athletic secretaries of the " Y, " who is giving his full 
 time to curative work with wounded men; at the same time 
 another recreational secretary was giving his time to the program 
 for the corps men. 
 
 One extremely interesting development here has been the 
 placing of moving pictures and illustrated travelogues in the 
 wards for the entertainment and education of bed patients. 
 One educational secretary, Frederick B. Wright, is giving his 
 entire time to this work, and is working in close harmony with 
 the reconstruction division of the post. This work, pioneer in 
 its field, is intended to divert the minds of the men so that they 
 
24 
 
 may be prepared later for educational movies, showing possi- 
 bilities of reconstruction work, and the place that work would 
 take in their lives. 
 
 For the convalescents and corps men entertainments, moving- 
 picture shows, and vaudeville were given two nights a week in the 
 post-exchange theater to large crowds. 
 
 WASHINGTON BARRACKS.— This was a regular army 
 post, small detachments of engineers having been on duty here for 
 periods long before the war. The first work, largely of a recre- 
 ational nature, was carried on in the brick barracks, under the 
 leadership of H. G. Lawton. As the war continued, the parade 
 ground became utilized as a large encampment with some 5,000 
 to 8,000 engineers, held under canvas prior to being sent over- 
 seas. With this development of the post, it became necessary 
 to erect a regular war-work building at the southeastern end of 
 the parade ground some distance from the barracks. This 
 building was dedicated March 24, 191 8. Major Lyle, of the 
 British Embassy (who later died during the influenza epidemic), 
 made the dedicatory address, paying a fine tribute to the Asso- 
 ciation. General Abbott received the building on behalf of the 
 post. Mrs. Newton D. Baker sang and led the company in 
 patriotic songs. During the period of great activity here, Rev. 
 J. H. Boal was on duty as camp secretary. His service to the 
 men led to his being offered the position of camp chaplain, which 
 he refused in order to stay with the Y. M. C. A. After the 
 signing of the armistice the work rapidly dropped off and by 
 early summer of 19 19 had returned to its pre-war status. 
 
 FORTS WASHINGTON AND HUNT, posts of the regular 
 army, early were places of considerable activity. During the 
 early part of the war an inimical commandant at the fort made it 
 impossible to introduce " Y" service, although this point needed 
 it greatly because of its isolation. On November 8, 19 17, how- 
 ever, Secretary Harry G. Green was sent to Fort Washington, 
 where he served faithfully until he left in May, 1918, to enlist in 
 the tank corps. The post wast hen served until September 30, 
 191 8, by Mr. Clyde F. Howes. During this period groups of 
 men varying from 500 to over 2,000 were served. As no "Y" 
 
25 
 
 building was available at first, a room 20 by 25 in the post 
 exchange building was used. The library was inadequately 
 housed in a still smaller room in the post exchange. Later very 
 pleasant quarters became available in a nearby building. 
 
 Fort Hunt, across the river, was also covered from this point 
 by Mr. Green and Mr. Howes, although of necessity the atten- 
 tion given was inadequate. Games, athletic material, writing 
 paper, and the usual literature were made available and were 
 greatly appreciated by the men in these isolated posts. 
 
 Fort Foote, which, like Forts Washington and Hunt, was ope- 
 rated as an outpost of Washington Barracks, was a point where a 
 regiment of troops was located during the summer of 1 9 1 8 . This 
 point was served at this time by Mr. John T. Gardner. Work 
 was conducted under canvas at first, the " Y" being ensconced 
 in a big tent. Later a room in one of the older buildings on the 
 grounds was used. 
 
 EAGLE HUT.— On August 23, 1917, the Board of Commis- 
 sioners of the District of Columbia gave authority to the War 
 Work Council to erect a frame building on a plot of land known 
 as Reservation No. 7, at Ninth Street just off Pennsylvania 
 Avenue, this being the only park plot in Washington under the 
 control of the District authorities. A temporary building was 
 erected, which during the early fall of 19 17 served thousands of 
 transient soldiers. This temporary building was later floated 
 down the river to Belvoir and became the first " Y" building at 
 Camp Humphreys. Still later it was used for the headquarters 
 staff and finally was turned into a combined garage and store- 
 house. In the short interval between the moving of the building 
 and the erection of the permanent one in the spring of 19 18, a small 
 building— later used at the Edsall Rifle Range— was put up. 
 This building was dedicated on May 3, 19 18, and was known as 
 the Pennsylvania Avenue building, C. B. Keferstein then being 
 hut secretary. Later in the summer, with proper exercises, the 
 hut was renamed "Eagle Hut." In the fall of 19 18 a wing, 
 containing a splendid library and capacious fireplace, was built, 
 and in the Christmas week of 19 18 a library of nine hundred 
 voulmes opened there. 
 
26 
 
 One can not mention all the names connected with Eagle 
 Hut's long and useful service, but one or two should be mentioned 
 here. C. H. Harrington, who became hut secretary June i, 
 1918, spent over a year at this point. Here Martin Richardson, 
 with his wonderful tenor voice, had his series of Saturday night 
 concerts, and here, too, have served some of the splendid women 
 of the District. 
 
 In February, 191 9, Mrs. Edward R. Foreman came into the 
 Hut as a secretary, being the only woman secretary in the 
 District. She has successfully taken charge of the educational 
 and social work, giving the home touch that only a woman 
 could give. 
 
 Because of its central locality, Eagle Hut was used to head up 
 several outposts, at one time St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Boiling 
 Field, and the Anacostia Naval Station being so operated. This 
 hut has had a peculiar significance to some of the enlisted men 
 detailed to office work in Washington, there having been a 
 steady flow of the same men night after night to the hut. Mrs. 
 E. T. Lawrence (the daughter of Senator Sutherland of Utah), an 
 early social secretary, sent thousands of soldiers to church parties 
 and other social functions from here. For eighty Sunday after- 
 noons one church alone entertained from fifteen to fifty or more 
 men. Almost every Sunday the men have been sent out for 
 dinner at homes of interested Washington folk, and on Thanks- 
 giving days, 191 7 and 191 8, hundreds were directed to hospitality 
 of Washington friends. 
 
 CAMP A. A. HUMPHREYS.— In the early days this camp of 
 engineers was located at Belvoir. On January 8, 1918, work was 
 begun on the main cantonment, known as Camp A. A. Hum- 
 phreys. This camp lies on a plateau one Hundred and eighty 
 feet above the level of the river, occupying an area of several 
 square miles between Accotink Creek on one side and Dogue 
 Creek on the other. The clearing of the pine second-growth, 
 hauling out of stumps, and gradual evolution of a great canton- 
 ment proceeded under almost superhuman difficulties at first. 
 In the face of the bitterest winter Virginia ever had known, with 
 the river blocked with ice and the roads impassable, the impos- 
 sible was accomplished. In the early spring muck took the 
 
27 
 
 place of snow and six mules were required to draw what two 
 would haul under ordinary conditions. During these early days 
 the secretaries shared the hardships of the men — inadequate 
 shelter, poor bedding, poor food. Occasionally they were 
 obliged to rise during the night and tramp around till morning 
 to keep from freezing. A narrow-gauge railway was built from 
 Belvoir to carry supplies for the cantonment and later a standard- 
 gauge road was switched in from the Richmond, Fredericksburg 
 & Potomac Railroad, which was the first Government built and 
 operated line in the United States. And all through the spring 
 and summer of 1918 Camp Humphreys grew, until, just prior 
 to the armistice, a cantonment capable of housing sixty thousand 
 troops was ready for the call of the last draft. 
 
 As the camp grew in size the work of the "Y" increased. At 
 first there was one building at Belvoir, which after being given 
 up as an engineering camp was continued as the camp hospital 
 until that was removed to the new site on the hill, and then was 
 used for the development battalion. The original building was 
 the first of a series of ten, all of which were in operation at the 
 time of the signing of the armistice. 
 
 On January 19, W. L. Wessels, who previously had been serv- 
 ing at East Potomac Park, became secretary in charge, serving 
 from the opening of the camp until September 15. During this 
 period Mr. Wessels was a tireless worker and accomplished much 
 in the face of great difficulties. Louis A. Black succeeded Mr. 
 Wessels as secretary in charge. Mr. Black brought to the work 
 a wide experience gained from many years of Association work, 
 followed by eight months' service in England with the American 
 Expeditionary Forces and a term of service in the New York 
 office of the National W^ar Work Council. 
 
 Of the program at Camp Humphreys not much need be said. 
 The religious work program, especially before the armistice, 
 was carried on with much vigor both in the huts and by means of 
 a series of Sunday night meetings held in a beautiful outdoor 
 amphitheater. It was the scene of many never-to-be-forgotten 
 meetings. Men from overseas, foreign officers of note, Vice- 
 President Marshall, Secretary Baker, and many other men 
 prominent in public life, have spoken here before audiences of 
 
28 
 
 ten thousand or more men. The "Y" deserves much credit, not 
 only for its part in managing these meetings, but for the splendid 
 service given by John Reynolds, the camp song leader. " John," 
 as he was known affectionately all over the camp, did much to 
 establish morale in these early days. 
 
 The history of the camp could not be written without some 
 tribute being paid to the splendid work of the secretaries during 
 the influenza epidemic. While the secretaries were not allowed 
 to serve in the hospital, yet the staff almost to a man did splendid 
 service, working in the barracks with the convalescent men, 
 cheering those who were fearful of taking influenza, and in every 
 case standing by even at cost of contracting the dread disease. 
 A number of secretaries were ill — some dangerously — but provi- 
 dentially none were taken. 
 
 At this time arrangements were made in two of the huts to 
 accommodate parents and friends of sick men, who otherwise 
 could not have been near their dear ones. 
 
 Mention should also be made of the strong educational pro- 
 gram put on under the leadership of R. W. Pence and continued 
 by George T. Hastings, who later — in June, 19 19 — was called to 
 fill Dr. Hunter's place at headquarters. At this camp the first 
 vocational guidance program worked out in the Y. M. C. A. was 
 put forward within one week after the armistice was signed. A 
 carefully worked out program with a series of lectures on voca- 
 tional subjects was put on in every hut serving men in this camp. 
 
 Among other names that should be mentioned are those of 
 Dr. Robert MacDougall, of New York University, who had 
 charge of the educational work with the development battalion ; 
 C. W. Pultz and E. L. Plasket,who conducted splendid work 
 under the most trying circumstances, first at Accotink and later 
 at the Rifle Range; R. W. Sherrill and G. F. Tipton, who worked 
 for the colored soldiers in the tents and temporary building ; and 
 George W. Grimm, the "Y" property man, who was in con- 
 tinuous service from February 28, 191 8, until the middle of 
 June, 1919, and who helped furnish and dismantle every hut 
 in the cantonment. 
 
 LIBERTY HUT.— Since July 3, 1918, Liberty Hut has been 
 the temporary home and recreational center of more than four 
 
2 9 
 
 hundred thousand soldiers. More than a thousand uniformed 
 men have been fed each day at its canteen, and on many a night 
 in summer and fall of 191 8 every one of its fourteen hundred 
 beds have been in use. Liberty Hut, in other words, has been 
 the great Y. M. C. A. hotel for the transient soldier. Its great 
 shadowy bulk — three hundred feet long — looms up across the 
 Union Station plaza, at night the red triangle illuminated by the 
 arc light overhead. In the days of rapid demobilization one 
 secretary always was on duty day and night at the Union Sta- 
 tion to direct the soldier from his tiresome railroad journey to 
 the brightness and welcome of the great foyer across the plaza. 
 
 One of the interesting facts about this old Billy Sunday Taber- 
 nacle has been that it has lent itself so admirably to the work 
 to which Mr. Sunday would have been so glad to see it put. A 
 huge partition was built at the point where the choir was sepa- 
 rated from the main auditorium. The choir portion of the build- 
 ing was left with a seating capacity of about thirty-five 
 hundred. A stage was built on one side of the partition and on 
 the other the huge foyer — about fifty by two hundred feet — 
 served the purpose of a living room, pool room, canteen, office, 
 and checking rooms. From this foyer opened doors leading to 
 the large dormitories, baths, wash-rooms, and barber shops. 
 
 Liberty Hut has made it a point never to refuse any soldier 
 who was without funds, but a nominal price of 35 cents is charged 
 for the night's lodging, which includes the furnishing of soap and 
 towel for the shower baths, the checking of luggage, etc. Men 
 who do not stop overnight pay 6 cents for the privileges of 
 shower with soap and towels. 
 
 To those of us who have been privileged to look in on the foyer 
 on a Saturday night there is no question as to the part played by 
 Liberty Hut in the life of the soldier visiting Washington. At 
 this time the great foyer will be packed with men playing bil- 
 liards or pool, listening to a concert on the stage at one side or 
 eating ond drinking at the canteen. At such a time the force 
 of secretaries — which reached twenty-five during the demobili- 
 zation period — was augmented by volunteer workers, men and 
 women prominent in Washington affairs. Among these have 
 been such men as the president of the National Rotary Clubs, 
 
3Q 
 
 the Assistant Secretary of State, and a prominent bank president 
 of Washington, all of whom have felt that this service was worth 
 rendering. At these Saturday evening performances some of the 
 best talent of the Y. M. C. A. and Washington have offered 
 their services — for it became quite the thing for Washingtonians 
 to give their services at Liberty Hut. 
 
 In addition to the rooms already mentioned, a writing room 
 seventy feet in length and a library fifty by fifty, filled with com- 
 fortable chairs and tables on which stand student lamp electro- 
 liers, are much-used portions of the hut. In the library, courses 
 in civics, economics and good citizenship, and a series of illus- 
 trated lectures on European geography have been given to 
 groups of men who have found this part of the evening worth 
 while. A library of two thousand books invites the men to this 
 room, which is presided over by the educational and religious 
 secretaries . 
 
 Not the least important, so far as the city of Washington is 
 concerned, is the auditorium of Liberty Hut. Probably more 
 well-known speakers have talked from its platform in the short 
 two years of the war than from any other stage in this country. 
 Some of the most important and enthusiastic gatherings con- 
 nected with the entertainment and welfare of the men of our 
 armies have been held here ; here Madam Schumann Heink sang 
 for the men ; here Secretary Baker presented the Croix de Guerre 
 to three overseas secretaries; here Sir Arthur Yapp, head of the 
 Y. M. C. A. of England, gave his greeting to the men of this 
 country; here Ambassador Gerard spoke on the occasion of the 
 dedication of the hut. 
 
 In matters of national importance, the auditorium has played 
 its part. Pershing's band — that wonderful organization of the 
 American Expeditionary Forces — played here in the interest of 
 the Victory Loan ; here Admiral Sims made his maiden speech 
 for that loan; Evangeline Booth spoke here during the drive 
 for the Salvation Army; here the Paulist Fathers' Choir sang 
 for the Catholic Women's War Service Club ; here were given, as 
 examples of community enterprises, The Bohemian Girl and 
 Pagliacci, under the auspices of The War Camp Community 
 Service ; in this auditorium also there were held ten huge Sunday 
 
3i 
 
 afternoon meetings under the auspices of the Billy Sunday 
 Ushers' Association. 
 
 BLISS ELECTRICAL SCHOOL— The Bliss Electrical 
 School at Takoma Park, headed by Professor L. D. Bliss, one of 
 the best friends the Y. M. C. A. has had in Washington, was 
 taken over by the Government in 191 8 to train electricians, and 
 in the fall of that year was made one of the S. A. T. C. points. 
 L. D. Thomas was placed in charge of the " Y" work here and 
 served until the unit was demobilized in December. 
 
 MARYLAND STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.— 
 Here at College Park a radio school with about 300 men was 
 established. This point was served as an outpost of Eagle Hut 
 by R. S. Bond. In the fall a branch of the S. A. T. C. was 
 developed. The "Y" work was in charge of Dr. J. F. Fitchen, 
 Jr., who was called from this point to assume the religious work 
 directorship of the Baltimore district. After the S. A. T. C. was 
 demobilized the regular work of the college Y. M. C. A. was 
 resumed. 
 
 HOWARD UNIVERSITY.— Here E. E. Thompson served 
 first with the Signal Corps in the spring of 1918 then with the 
 N. C. O. School during the summer and when it was organized 
 with the S. A. T C. until this work terminated at the end of 
 19 1 8. Since which time Mr. Thompson has remained at the 
 University as the regular student Y. M. C. A. secretary. 
 
 ST. ELIZABETH'S.— On July 17, 1918, the Y. M. C. A. was 
 established at St. Elizabeth's as an outpost of Eagle Hut, with 
 Dr. D. E. Lorenz as secretary. In the early spring of 1919, how- 
 ever, St. Elizabeth's was put off as a separate point. This 
 hospital, although under the control of the Department of the 
 Interior, nevertheless was made a place for the treatment of 
 shell-shocked soldiers and neurasthenics — men whose nerves 
 were worn out by the strain of the overseas rigors. The Y. M. 
 C. A. of necessity at first confined its efforts to the hospital 
 corps men and to some wards containing shell-shocked cases. 
 A room attractively fitted up in one of the hospital buildings 
 became the center of activity. Sunday services and some elab- 
 orate programs of an educational and musical nature were put 
 on at weekly intervals in Hitchcock Hall. One of the most 
 
32 
 
 nteresting of these was the Gilbert and Sullivan Opera, "The 
 Pirates of Penzance," given in October under the auspices of 
 the Y. M. C. A. and the War Camp Community Service. Dr. 
 Lorenz was, during part of his stay, assisted by C. R. Duffie. 
 From October i, 191 8, to May 1, 1919, Mr. Duffie had full charge 
 of this work. Other secretaries, M. A. Korff, Nathaniel B. 
 White, and Frederick S. Gleason, assisted here. Opportunities 
 for the "Y" at this point have been very great, but the position 
 of the secretary is a most trying one because of the constant 
 drain on his sympathetic nature. Especial mention should be 
 made of Mr. Korff for the broad, sympathetic work done in the 
 wards with these shell-shocked men. 
 
 BOLLING FIELD.— In connection with the St. Elizabeth 
 Hospital, Dr. Lorenz also became visiting secretary at the Boiling 
 aviation field and the Anacostia naval air station. These two 
 aviation fields, close to the eastern branch of the Potomac, have 
 absolutely no communication with each other, as they were 
 separated by a marshy tract, though lying side by side. Hence, 
 considerable time of the secretary must be spent in traveling. 
 The Y. M. C. A. established itself in a good-sized room at the 
 barracks at Boiling Field. A small library was established there 
 through the A. L. A., games and athletic material were fur- 
 nished, and a weekly service of lectures as well as occasional 
 entert ainments . 
 
 At Anacostia Field no barracks was at first available and the 
 room which the "Y" used was too small to be of great service, 
 although a library of two or three hundred books was established 
 there and as time went on a large service was rendered in the 
 supply of athletic material and an occasional entertainment. 
 Later the Navy erected a building to be used for recreational 
 purposes. This building, completed about June 1, 19 19, was 
 operated by the Navy morale department. 
 
 During the latter days service in a small way was given at two 
 other points near Washington. The government opened in 1 9 1 9 
 a large proving ground at Machodoc Point, about sixty-five miles 
 down the Potomac. Here the " Y" helped the civilian chaplain 
 through the furnishing of supplies — a piano, literature, stationery, 
 athletic goods, etc. And out about seventy-five miles, at the 
 
33 
 
 isolated Remount Station at Front Royal, a little point up in the 
 mountains of the Shenandoah Valley, the boys were furnished 
 a "Y" moving-picture machine and service and a well-fitted 
 gymnasium. 
 
 PART III. 
 
 Headquarters Departmental Reports. 
 
 RELIGIOUS WORK.— The religious work was the first to be 
 departmentally organized in this district. Dr. Paul R. Hickok, 
 a former Washington pastor, took the leadership on January 16, 
 1 918. During these early days it was easier to put on a religious 
 program whenever it was desired, simply because of the fact that 
 it did not conflict with any other program. As the departments 
 developed, the religious work took its place along with the others 
 and was conducted with due reference to the programs of the 
 other departments. During the last week in July, 19 18, Ralph 
 K. Hickok, Paul's brother, was shifted from the religious-work 
 secretaryship at Humphreys, where he already had done service 
 for two months, to be religious -work director of the district. 
 Under his guidance, the work begun by his brother developed 
 into what was perhaps the most outstanding program of any 
 department in the district. 
 
 The program of religious services has been more or less the 
 same throughout the whole period. The typical program has 
 been two services on Sunday and a service one night during the 
 week. The Association always has been responsible for all of 
 these except where a chaplain has been found. In such a place 
 the chaplain's regimental service would take the place of the 
 morning service on Sunday. Even here, however, the Y. M. C. A. 
 often was found sharing in the service in some way, and ordi- 
 narily the service would be held in the Y. M. C. A. building. 
 
 The type of religious message naturally has changed from 
 time to time as the situation of the men has changed. The 
 message of the days before the signing of the armistice was 
 naturally different from that of the days since. Since November 
 n the addresses given have commonly had something to help 
 the men who were facing toward home and peace conditions. 
 
34 
 
 They stressed the note of service and sought to help the men to 
 face the future with the desire to make their lives count in some 
 real and unselfish fashion. Occasionally the addresses have 
 emphasized the home church with the idea of helping the men to 
 get back into the work of the church when they returned to 
 their homes. 
 
 Speakers ordinarily were secretaries. This district has called 
 upon outside speakers less than most districts or cantonments. 
 Ordinarily the feeling was that the secretaries, who were in the 
 camps and knew the men, were able to render most effective 
 service. In some cases it seemed best for the secretary to serve 
 continuously in his own building ; in many other cases there was 
 a good deal of changing about. The characteristic feature of the 
 religious services at Humphreys for a good many months has 
 been the truck load of singers which has gone down each Sunday 
 evening. The same kind of assistance with music has been given 
 in lesser degree to the smaller camps in the district. A word 
 ought to be said about the helpfulness of the ladies of Alexandria 
 and Fredericksburg in this same connection. For many months 
 the Alexandria ladies provided music every week for the D. B- 
 F. building at Humphreys. Pastors and choirs of colored 
 churches in Alexandria have helped greatly with the work for 
 colored soldiers. 
 
 Not the least important part of the war work of the religious 
 secretary was the giving out of the literature provided by the 
 religious work department. Some sixty different booklets were 
 available. Great numbers of testaments were also given to the 
 men, especially on the eve of their departure for the front. 
 
 Mention should be made of the Bible study work at Ouantico. 
 For a long time the aim was to have Bible classes in the barracks, 
 led by marines, the purpose being for the marines to take the 
 groups with them wherever the units were sent, even overseas. 
 As the work progressed, and especially as the men were being 
 shifted more frequently, this ideal became more and more 
 impossible until in more recent times the Bible classes were all 
 conducted in the huts. More recently the plan has been adopted 
 of a "drop-in" Bible class in the hut every evening in the week. 
 
35 
 
 Such classes have been held in both buildings at Quantico with 
 marked success, and also in one or two other buildings in the 
 district. In the building for the colored troops at Humphreys 
 for a long time a whole group of Bible classes were held simul- 
 taneously in such a way as to represent the soldier counterpart 
 of a church Sunday school. This was the only place in this 
 district where such a thing has ever been possible. 
 
 One interesting feature of the work was the farewell service 
 to outgoing men at Quantico. A typical farewell for an outgoing 
 group was that which marked the leaving of the Thirteenth 
 Regiment in the early fall of 1918. September 9 the men were 
 all gathered, 4,000 in number, in the government gymnasium. 
 The post chaplain and the two regimental chaplains spoke and an 
 impromptu address was given by Colonel (now Brigadier General) 
 Butler, commandant of the regiment, whose influence over the 
 men was of the finest. The following morning about 3 o'clock 
 a communion service was held in the gymnasium, Chaplain 
 Niver officiating, assisted by Y. M. C. A. secretaries and 
 others. At the same hour the Roman Catholic soldiers were 
 having mass, and the Jewish boys were meeting under the direc- 
 tion of a representative of the Jewish Welfare Board. Follow- 
 ing the religious service came mess and then all entered the train 
 ready to start for the embarkation point. Secretary and Mrs. 
 Daniels were present at both the farewell service and the morn- 
 ing communion. 
 
 Not the least important work done was the encouragement of 
 churchgoing. In all the camps, especially in the earlier days, 
 a close affiliation was made between the camp and the neighbor- 
 ing churches. Many thousands of men have been sent in par- 
 ties to church services and afterwards entertained at homes of 
 members of the congregation. 
 
 L. Peyton Little did a unique piece of work at Quantico in 
 securing personal interviews with the men — his record book 
 assuming the dimensions of an encyclopedia. 
 
 Shortly after Dr. Paul R. Hickok came into the district he 
 became the means of tying up men in uniform to the Billy Sunday 
 campaign meetings then in progress at what afterwards became 
 Liberty Hut. As a man made a religious declaration he signed 
 
36 
 
 a card. All cards signed by men in uniform were turned over to 
 the district religious work director of the War Work Council and 
 duplicate cards were made from them. These duplicates were 
 then sent out to the camps where the men were stationed. 
 Secretaries in these camps had personal interviews with the men 
 and noted results upon the back of the cards, which were then 
 returned to district headquarters. Personal letters were written 
 to the pastors, mothers, or wives, as the case might be, telling 
 them of the step taken and asking that they write the men in 
 camp, giving such encouragement as was in their power. After 
 the sinking of the Tuscania letters were received from a number 
 of pastors saying that the men regarding whom we had written 
 them were on that ship. Several were lost, but some were 
 among those saved. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL WORK.— During the early days of the war 
 it was evident to all that the President and the Secretaries of the 
 War and Navy had determined to make the army and navy of 
 the United States a type of machine that not only was efficient 
 from the standpoint of fighting, but that it also would be safe- 
 guarded morally and physically in every way. Very early, too, 
 it became evident through the draft that many of those that 
 made up this machine were unable to perform the duties of the 
 soldier because of lack of previous educational training. Thou- 
 sands of men were unable to understand orders and thousands 
 more — though understanding the spoken words — could neither 
 read nor write. 
 
 The first sporadic attempts at help by the Y. M. C. A. were 
 in the nature of classes headed by interested women or men 
 drawn from outside the Association by the educational or camp 
 secretary and who gave their time willingly to help the soldiers 
 overcome their handicaps. The work in the Washington dis- 
 rict at first was of this nature. The program, however, grew 
 rapidly, as the army realized the need, and very soon educational 
 secretaries began to be appointed. By the early months of 1 9 1 8 
 a fairly complete program had been worked out in certain of the 
 camps, with classes in English for foreigners, in penmanship and 
 in French. Especially in Quantico Mr. Childs had begun a 
 
37 
 
 splendid piece of educational work, in which hundreds of men 
 began the study of French, for the marines were to be the first 
 to fight . In the early summer of 1 9 1 8 , with the release of college 
 professors from their duties, a number of educational secretaries 
 were doing good work in the larger camps in this district. In 
 July the Princeton conference and the issue by the War Depart- 
 ment of Order No. 45 placed a special responsibility on the 
 Y. M. C. A. in the teaching of English to foreigners and illiterates. 
 Development battalions were formed in many of the camps and 
 active co-operation between Y. M. C. A. and Army officials was 
 begun. The keynote of the Princeton conference was to make 
 better fighting men through education. To this end, classes in 
 French — both first-aid French and more advanced French for 
 officers — were started, and special emphasis was given to the 
 teaching of English to foreigners and illiterates. Early in 1918 
 it became evident that the district educational work had grown 
 to such proportions that an educational director was needed, and 
 George W. Hunter was appointed the latter part of July, 1918. 
 
 At this stage of the work a rapid extension in educational 
 personnel took place. By the middle of August the work at 
 Quantico, under the direction of Arthur G. Myers, rapidly was 
 assuming the place of a growing university with courses in 
 English, French, algebra, trigonometry, artithmetic, business 
 methods, history, geography, and geometry. The work at Camp 
 Humphreys under the able direction of George T. Hastings 
 assumed much more co-ordination in its types of work, with 
 special emphasis on French and English. A development bat- 
 talion was organized at Belvoir and several hundred men were 
 started on an English-learning program. 
 
 Educational work in all the camp received a tremendous blow 
 with the outbreak of influenza, which caused all gatherings to be 
 given up because of quarantine, and which pretty effectively put 
 a damper on class work as well as educational lectures. 
 
 Just as work wase bginning to take its former stride came the 
 armistice, and with it an immediate about-face in the educa- 
 tional program. Instead of preparing men to fight overseas the 
 program must prepare men to come back into civil life. As a 
 result a carefully worked out program on vocational guidance 
 
38 
 
 was started within a week after the armistice was signed. This 
 represents a second phase in the history of educational work in 
 the camps in this district. During November and December 
 vocational guidance programs were put on in all camps, together 
 with some class work and a good deal of individual conference 
 work. Shortly after the armistice the Morale Department of the 
 army was formed and with it came a demand for increased 
 responsibility by the Y. M. C. A. This morale work took the 
 form of short talks by hut secretaries, suggesting co-operation 
 from enlisted men, morale posters and booklets, and a series of 
 lectures or informal talks by prominent educationalists and 
 divines. An example of such a series were the "After Victory, 
 What?" talks so successfully given by Major Robert Watson, of 
 New York City. 
 
 Class work except at Quantico now became increasingly diffi- 
 cult and a new phase of the work was entered upon in the early 
 spring of 1919 with the introduction of courses of illustrated lec- 
 tures on "The League of Nations" and on the geography of 
 countries represented at the peace table. A drive was made on 
 the League of Nations in connection with good citizenship with 
 the idea of preparing men going back into civil life for their 
 responsibilities as citizens. A more unified program directed 
 toward this end was the result in the district during the early 
 spring months. 
 
 Perhaps the most interesting development of the latter part of 
 the work was the co-operation offered by the Y. M. C. A. educa- 
 tional staff in the hospitals. Not only were schools established 
 for corps men in Walter Reed and Saint Elizabeth's, but a very 
 i nteresting development in the wards took place, in which educa- 
 tional movies and illustrated lectures were given to men who were 
 unable to leave the wards. These were given largely at Walter 
 Reed in the form of travelogues by F. B. Wright, educational 
 secretary there. 
 
 Another extremely interesting feature of the work was the 
 establishment, as a direct result of the educational program, of 
 the series of courses in agriculture given under the auspices of the 
 States Relation Service of the Department of Agriculture pre- 
 viously described. At Quantico courses in agriculture were 
 
39 
 
 given by Dr. T. F. Dixon — one of the secretaries — with the co- 
 operation of the Department of Agriculture. 
 
 While it is difficult to measure accurately the value of educa- 
 tional work, yet it is safe to say that before the armistice a very 
 great part was played in preparing men for more efficient work 
 in the army through the English work with foreigners. This 
 district, however, had very few illiterates. After the armistice 
 educational work undoubtedly did much to steady the morale of 
 the men and has helped them in using their time to good advan- 
 tage while waiting for discharge. Many new vistas have been 
 opened through the educational talks and conferences. In 
 particular, men have learned the value of reading. Several 
 series of booklets have been prepared and circulated both by the 
 New York office and by the Washington office, and valuable aid 
 has been rendered by such organizations as the International 
 Conciliation Society, the American Defense Society, the Depart- 
 ment of Agriculture, the Department of the Interior, and others, 
 with lectures and free reading matter. 
 
 Finally, the educational department undoubtedly has rendered 
 great service as a means of putting before the men the value of 
 their War Risk Insurance, the function of the United States 
 Employment Service, and other official aids for their welfare. 
 Perhaps the greatest help of all has been through the influence of 
 educational secretaries in their personal contact with the men of 
 the camps. Work of this sort can not be evaluated in terms of 
 statistics and it is work of this sort that has counted the most in 
 the contact of the Y. M. C. A. secretary with the soldier. 
 
 RECREATIONAL WORK.— It is a well-known pedagogical 
 fact that self-activity is the strongest means of retaining the 
 interest of children. Soldiers are merely big boys, and after the 
 slump in morale, caused by the end of the actual fighting, the 
 building of morale by means of self -activity became a definite 
 part of the recreational program. The development of this work 
 unfortunately has been handicapped in this district by lack of 
 proper personnel. Some camps were totally lacking in trained 
 athletic leaders, and so the program suffered. Wherever such 
 men have been part of the war work staff, there a noticeable 
 change has been seen in the morale of the men. 
 
4 o 
 
 In the early spring and summer of 191 8 very considerable 
 expenditure was well made for the purchase of supplies for base 
 ball and volley ball, and this part of the recreational program cer- 
 tainly deserves commendation. 
 
 Owing to the fact that his previous training fitted him for this 
 work, G. W. Hunter, educational director, took charge of the 
 social hygiene program of the district. Working in close co- 
 operation with the War Department, a program was approved 
 by the Surgeon-General's office and put on in the district, 
 beginning October 1, 191 8, consisting of: 
 
 A. Monthly talks on the family, the laws of heredity, personal 
 cleanliness, the religious appeal for clean living, etc. 
 
 B. Small group conferences in which the chief points of lecture 
 were discussed. 
 
 C. Individual meetings with the men interested enough to 
 discuss certain phases of the subject. 
 
 D. Class study of short courses, with books as guides. 
 
 E. Consistent co-operation with the Army and Navy with 
 reference to use of exhibits, moving pictures, and other means of 
 putting over material. 
 
 F. Additional exhibits and pamphlets from Y. M. C. A. 
 sources. 
 
 For help in carrying out this program, thanks are due to 
 George H. Ashley of the Department of the Interior, E. L. Van 
 Buskirk of the Public Health Service, and Lieutenant Folke, all 
 of whom have given liberally of their time and personality. 
 
 At Quantico an excellent program of recreational activities was 
 carried on under the direction of F. E. McLean during the winter 
 of 19 1 8 and the first half of 1919. On June 20, 1919, Mr. 
 McLean was succeeded by M. W. Younger, who ably contin- 
 ued this work. In addition to the exercises and sports pro- 
 moted in the gymnasium and on the athletic grounds, frequent 
 stunt nights were given under the direction of the recreational 
 leader in the Y. M. C. A. huts. 
 
 The condition at Camp Humphreys for several months was 
 not as favorable as could be desired for a strong recreational 
 program, but early in 1919 larger opportunities were afforded to 
 
4i 
 
 the director, W. R. Magee, and since that time the base ball 
 games, and the formal and informal exercises have been largely- 
 guided by the Y. M. C. A. representative. 
 
 At Potomac Park the commanding officer gave an address to 
 his men on the occasion of the opening of a special barracks 
 building which had been turned over to the Y. M. C. A. and 
 equipped as a gymnasium. The importance of systematic exer- 
 cise was urged by the colonel in charge and the men were regu- 
 larly delegated for instruction under the direction of E. M. 
 Wilson, the Y. M. C. A. physical director. 
 
 One of the most important fields in the Washington district is 
 Walter Reed Hospital, where the Association has two recrea- 
 tional directors. One, B. L. Burwell, gives his entire time to the 
 reconstruction work with the patients in direct co-operation 
 with the surgeons who advise regarding the most helpful exer- 
 cises under the particular condition of the wounded men. 
 Another director, E. M. Wilson, gives most of his time to the 
 male nurses and corps men both in the gymnasium and on the 
 athletic field. Both men at regular hours give instructions in 
 swimming in the large swimming pool recently opened. 
 
 In most of the camps in the Washington district the Y. M. 
 C. A. huts have been equipped with horizontal bars, climbing 
 ropes, basket-ball goals, punching-bag outfits, darts, ring-toss 
 boards, and home-made apparatus for the promotion of various 
 sports. At several of the camps tennis courts have been con- 
 structed. Competitive base-ball games and basket-ball games 
 have been held occasionally and elaborate schedules have been 
 arranged to settle championships, but these have usually been 
 interfered with by the movements of the military units. 
 
 The Washington district has stood well in the district and can- 
 tonment reports of the eastern department, considering condi- 
 tions under which work has been done. The record for one 
 month showed a total of 39,095 participants and 41,640 specta- 
 tors at the various games. 
 
 SOCIAL WORK.— After all, the hut is the center of social 
 work in the life of the soldier. This work has best been done 
 through the human contact of the social secretary and through 
 
42 
 
 the ability to organize men in group games and to get the social 
 spirit organized. But, in addition to this, outside events for the 
 visitor to Washington was an important part of the social pro- 
 gram. Many of these events have been held in Liberty Hut, 
 while the churches and other welfare organizations in Washing- 
 ton have done their share. 
 
 When entertainment work first started great aid was given 
 by the Excelsior Dramatic Club, under the management of 
 Fred C. Parker. This group of some forty people was organ- 
 ized to entertain soldiers and gave programs in practically all 
 of the camps in the district. The War Camp Community 
 Service cooperated splendidly, furnishing talent for the camps. 
 This they have continued from the time they organized until 
 the very end of the work in the camps 
 
 The holiday celebrations in all the camps have been given in 
 connection with the Red Cross and other welfare agencies. 
 Entertainment programs of special character, elaborate decora- 
 tions, and refreshments were provided at every unit and the 
 attendance was record breaking. 
 
 On December 25, Christmas afternoon, through the courtesy 
 of a Washington friend of the Y. M. C. A., Keith's theater was 
 secured and tickets for the entire house were distributed, on a 
 careful allotment basis according to the number of men in camp, 
 to all the units in the Washington district. On this occasion 
 Secretary Baker gave an inspiring address to the soldiers, sailors, 
 and marines crowding the theater. This was the second 
 Christmas entertainment of this sort given in the district. 
 
 In addition to these events, which have stood out for the 
 general good of the soldier, entertainment programs under the 
 able direction of Dr. D. E. Yarnell have been put on at all points 
 in the district. At every hut three or four evenings a week 
 some form of entertainment has been provided from the Wash- 
 ington headquarters office. Two of these entertainments were 
 usually movies, one entertainment program often given by the 
 splendid women volunteers of the district, and one stunt night 
 provided from local talent in the camps comprised a general 
 program. Many harrowing stories could be told of the dim- 
 
43 
 
 culties of transportation in those early days, especially where 
 truck-loads of entertainers were marooned for hours owing to the 
 condition of the roads or the breaking down of the automobile. 
 One of the chief difficulties of the district was the number of 
 outlying posts to be provided with entertainments. Camp 
 Humphreys in the early spring and summer days of 191 8 was 
 only reached by a road full of ruts and quagmires. Early 
 traffic with heavy trucks had utterly destroyed the road beds, 
 and yet, in spite of these difficulties, the volunteer entertainment 
 service continued with scarcely a disappointment to the men in 
 the camps all through the winter and early spring months. 
 
 Great credit should be given to the song leaders of the dis- 
 trict — particularly Henri P. Beaugard, John Reynolds, and Mar- 
 tin Richardson. H. P. Beaugard as district song leader did 
 fine work; "John" put Humphreys on the map as a song-singing 
 camp, and was loaned on many occasions to other districts. 
 Martin Richardson's wonderful tenor was a much-sought-for 
 feature on the district programs and he was well known in many 
 community enterprises throughout the city of Washington and 
 elsewhere in the district. Tom Shumate, first at Humphreys 
 and then at headquarters, did much toward obtaining the serv- 
 ices of men and women in the vaudeville circles. Many more 
 names might be mentioned, but space can not be given at this 
 time. In addition to serving the district, the talent of Washing- 
 ton, so ably marshalled by the district force, have been made use 
 of through the activities section of the southern department for 
 service in Camp Meade, Camp Lee, and units of the Tidewater 
 district. Some of these entertainers from Washington were also 
 sent overseas to cheer the men "over there." 
 
 Before the demobilization began the entertainment program 
 had reached a large volume, frequently crowding the schedule so 
 that in many of the huts more than one program was given on 
 the same night. As many as 65 free motion-picture exhibitions 
 were given in the district in one week. 
 
MEN AND WOMEN WHO HAVE SERVED WITH THE 
 Y. M. C. A. IN THE WASHINGTON DISTRICT 
 
 (Key: A — American University; B — Bliss Electrical School; E — Eagle 
 Hut; P— East Potomac Park; FW — Forts Washington and Hunt; 
 FM — Fort Myer; H — Humphreys; HU — Howard University; Hq — 
 Headquarters; A — Camp Leach; L — Liberty Hut; MS — Maryland 
 State College; M — Camp Meigs; Q — Quantico; S — St. Elizabeth's 
 Hospital; R — Walter Reed Hospital; W — Washington Barracks.) 
 
 Abbott, Mrs. General — W — Washington Barracks, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Baker, Mrs. Abby Gunn — FM — Wardman Courts West, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Bird, Mrs. William T. — R— 1746 Lamont St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Bone, Mrs. R. W. — Hq — Kensington, Md. 
 
 Clabaugh, Mrs. William — Hq — 3014 Dent Place, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Clime, Mrs. W. S — H— 1440 Rhode Island Ave. N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Cooper, Miss Margerite — Hq — 52 Oakwood Ave., Troy, N. Y. 
 
 Darlington, Miss Ann — P — 1610 Twentieth St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Edwards, Mrs. John L.— A, P— 1918 F St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Folsom, Miss Genevieve — Hq — 903 G St. N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Foreman, Mrs. Edward R. — E — 1740 Highland Ave., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Gardner, Mrs. F. S — R — 1013 Bessemer Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Gwynn, Miss Mary — FM — 1740 N St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Hardy, Miss Marion S— Hq— 1538 A St. N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Hight, Mrs. F. S — H— The New Willard, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Howell, Mrs. D. J. — H — 700 Duke St., Alexandria, Va. 
 
 Landfald, Miss Jennie — Hq — 403 E. Second St., Duluth, Minn. 
 
 Lawrence, Mrs. Emma S. — E — 114 Cumberland Ave., Asheville, N. C. 
 
 Marsh, Mrs. Charlotte Evans — E, L — 324 Indiana Ave., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Minor, Mrs. Henry F. — M, Hq — 2149 Florida Ave., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Moore, Mrs. Susanna — A — 1801 Wyoming Ave., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Naughright, Mrs. Clara I. — Hq — Naughright, N. J. 
 
 Newbold, Mrs. John L. — Q — Quantico, Va. 
 
 Noble, Miss Anne — Hq — 910 Haskill Ave., Kansas City, Kans. 
 
 Postle, Miss Irene — Hq — 3516 Park Place, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Skeels, Mrs. Russell — Hq — Delaware, Ohio. 
 
 Stoddard, Mrs. J. M — M— 1912 R St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Strawbridge, Mrs. R. E. — Hq — Byrn Marr, Pa. 
 
 Teden, Miss Rose M. — W — Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 
 
 Walls, Miss Nelle E— Hq— 128 Maple Ave., Butler, Pa. 
 
 Watkins, Mrs. E. H.— Hq— Kane, Pa. 
 
 Williams, Miss Ray V. — Hq — Knoxville, Tenn. 
 
 Wilson, Mrs. Otis D. — Hq — 19 Oak St., Clarendon, Va. 
 
 Yarborough, Miss Anita — Hq — 535 Green St., Augusta, Ga. 
 
 Alderson, W. H— A— 624 N. Franklin St., Wilmington, Del. 
 
 Allen, Noel J.— H— Glouster, Va. 
 
 Allen, Sinclair T. — FM, Hq— Proctor, Vermont. 
 
 Andrews, L. E. — Q — Plainfield, Conn. 
 
 Andrew, Millard F. — M — Clarksville, Ohio. 
 
 Antel, Harry C— H, M— Hundred, W. Va. 
 
 Armstrong, George A. — H — Cohoes, N. Y. 
 
 Arters, John M— M, P— 188 E. Promenard, Portland, Me 
 
 Asher, William — L, E — Winona Lake, Ind. 
 
45 
 
 Ashley, Leonard — L — Folsomville, Ind. 
 
 Atkinson, G. W. — R — 1041 Wisconsin Ave. N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Atwell, Donald B— L, W, Hq— 1736 G St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Baeder, Frederick — Q — Gladstone, N. J. 
 
 Bandy, E. L — H— Mt. Union College, Alliance, Ohio. 
 
 Barnum, H. H. — Q — Danbury, Conn. 
 
 Bartlam, Charles A.— FW— New Rochelle, N. Y. 
 
 Bassett, Albert A.— H, L — 101 West Eighty-ninth St., New York City. 
 
 Beard, Paul H— A, Q— Thurmont, Md. 
 
 Beatson, Whitwell— FM — Tryon, N. C. 
 
 Beaugard, Henri P. — Hq — 404 Mutual Bldg., Richmond, Va. 
 
 Behning, Albert J. — H, M — 2135 Seventh Ave., New York City. 
 
 Beinkamp, Charles M. — Q — Aurora, Ind. 
 
 Bennett, C. B. — L — 4347 Manyunk Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Bernard, H. A.— H, E— 530 West 145th St., New York City. 
 
 Bier, C. W. — Hq— 564 Sheridan Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Bivins, W. A.— H, M— Greensboro, N. C. 
 
 Black, Louis A.— H— 256 East Fulton St., Butler, Pa. 
 
 Blair, John Allan— A, H— 3700 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Blake, Marshall H— L— 139 Twenty-fifth St., Elmhurst, L. I. 
 
 Bloch, Henry W— L, H— 321 Borbeck St., Fox Chase, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Boal, James H. — W — County Com. Y. M. C. A., Morristown, N. J. 
 
 Boardman, W T illiam J. — W — 72 Seventh Ave., New York City. 
 
 Bond, Richard S— E, MS— 3058 Potter St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Bone, Richard W. — Stock Room — Kensington, Md. 
 
 Bower, Alexander — H — 47 Fifth Ave., New York City. 
 
 Brank, Rockwell S .— H— 52 Maple St., Summit, N. J. 
 
 Briceland, J. M. — H — Parkers Landing, Pa. 
 
 Briggs, E. E— Q, P— 72 Tracey St., Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Brown, C. O— H, Q— R. R. No. 2, Box 6, Eau Claire, Wis. 
 
 Brown, G. A.— H— 272 Lyndhurst St., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Brown, G. H .— H— Hobart College, Geneva, N. Y. 
 
 Brown, J. W— H, L— 205 South Broad St., Rome, Ga. 
 
 Bryant, C. B. A.— A, L — 1882 Stanford Road, Upper Arlington, Ohio. 
 
 Burchard, S. B. — Hq — 543 Lakeview Ave., Jamestown, N. Y. 
 
 Burdick, C. K.—Q— Cornell University, Borden Hill, Ithaca, N. Y. 
 
 Burwell, Edward L — L, R— 1421 East Aloha St., Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Buse, Fred— L— 498 East 163rd St., New York City. 
 
 Carr, Paul H— H— 3033 Sixteenth St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Canfield, K. B.-FM-Y. M. C. A., Melrose, Mass. 
 
 Casson, M. — M — Addison, N. Y. 
 
 Chadbourne, H. J. — L — 172 Stowe St., Jamestown, N. Y. 
 
 Childs, Maurice F. — Q — Heath, Mass. 
 
 Churchill, Walter— L— 1 10 Q St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Cloe, Aquilla A. — W — 604 Bacon Road, Richmond, Va. 
 
 Cloughen, Robert — A, R, Q — Mountain Lake, N. J. 
 
 Collett, Charles P.— Q— 162 Cottage St., Lockport, N. Y. 
 
 Colson, P. O.—H— Purvis, Miss. 
 
 Colston, J. M.—Q— Huntley, Tenn. 
 
 Cooper, H. B. — M— 601 East Market St., Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Cooper, William Knowles — Hq — 3207 Highland Ave., Cleveland Park, 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Corbin, LeRoy— R— 808 Nineteenth St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 Cranston, Earl — A — 441 Equitable Bldg., Denver, Colo. 
 
46 
 
 Crippen, Theodore G— Q— 41 William St., East Orange, N. J. 
 Crown, William H— Q— Y. M. C. A., Germantown, Pa. 
 Clark, A. Bruce — St. Asaph. 
 
 Darby, W. L. — H, Q — 1855 Mintwood Place, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Darrow, B. K[. — FM, M, P — Woodstock, Ohio. 
 
 Davis, J. H. Y. — H, A — 806 East Devine Ave., Knoxville, Tenn. 
 
 Day, Curtis F. — L — 38 Browning Road, Somerville, Mass. 
 
 Day, H. E.—M— Seventh St. and Florida Ave. N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Day, George E. — FM — 38 Browning Road, Somerville, Mass. 
 
 DeBardelaben, W. F— H— Biddle University, Charlotte, N. C. 
 
 DeMerritt, A. C, Jr. — H — 2040 Grove St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Dial, W. R. — L— 314 Orchard St., Covington, Ky. 
 
 Dixon, Thomas F. — Q — Division of Extension, University of Tennessee, 
 
 Knoxville, Tenn. 
 Doan, B. D. — FM — 1750 Doan Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. 
 Dooley, H. G. — H, M — 105 Linwood Ave., Ardmore, Pa. 
 Dougherty, James — H (Occoquan) — 2428 N. Fairhill St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Draper, Henry W. — L — 1360 Irving St., Washington, D. C. 
 Drexler, L. A. — L — Bethany Beach, Delaware. 
 Duffie, C. R.—S— Litchfield, Conn. 
 Dutton, C. J.— H— 15 1 2 Jacobs St., Troy, N. Y. 
 
 Edgar, W. J.— Q— White Bear Lake, Minn. 
 
 Edmonson, R. R. — H — 2025 Third St., New Orleans, La. 
 
 Edwards, J. A. — H, L — 429 Kenyon St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Eichbauer, F. D. — H — 87 South Eighth Ave., Coatesville, Pa. 
 
 Emmons, G. C. — Room 40, Washington Post Bldg., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Ewing, Homer H. — L — 336 Madison Ave., Albany, N. Y. 
 
 Feil, John P.— Q— Chevy Chase, Md. 
 
 Fitchen, J. F., Jr.— M, S — 116 Schuyler Place, Ithaca, N. Y. 
 
 Fitz, E. S. — H, W, R — 4214 Groveland Ave., Arlington, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Folk, John D.—L— Greensboro, N. C. 
 
 Ford, C. A.— H— 416 Luray Place N. W„ Washington, D. C. 
 
 Foreman, Edward R. — P — 1740 Highland Ave., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Fraser, E. F. — H— 523 Bloom St., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Gamble, J. F— W— 230 South Fifth St., Darby, Pa. 
 
 Gardner, F. S — R— 905 Arrott Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Gardner, John T— W— U. S. General Hospital No. 8, Otisville, N. Y. 
 
 George, W. F— A, Q— Charlottesville, Va. 
 
 Gibby, Robert E. — H, L— 116 East Heman St., East Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Gleason, Fred S — S, E— Wilson, Pa. 
 
 Goodman, R. E.— H— DeLand, Fla., care East Coast Hardware Co., 
 West Palm Beach, Fla. 
 
 Green, Harry G — FW— Rock Haven, Pa. 
 
 Greer, Alfred A.— H— 257 Fulton St., Butler, Pa. 
 
 Griggs, E. C. — R— City Deposit Bank, Penn and Center Aves., Pitts- 
 burg, Pa. 
 
 Grimm, G. W— H— 51 Central Ave., East Orange, N. J. 
 
 Guenther, J. J.— FM— Paoli, Pa. 
 
 Haley, James L— Stock Room— 526 Jefferson St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Hall, Burton A.— H, P, R— Flatwoods, W. Va. 
 
 Hall, C. F— H, P— 210 East Fortieth St., New York City. 
 
 Hall, Samuel— Q— 25 South Fifty-third St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
47 
 
 Hamilton, Leon A. — L — 623 Newland Ave., Jamestown, N. Y. 
 
 Hanna, Clarence — A, H, L— Y. M. C. A., Worthington, Ind. 
 
 Harkey, William F. — P — 2204 West North Ave., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Harrington, C. H — H, E— 412 North Sixth St., Camden, N. J. 
 
 Harriss, Kelley — W, H — First National Bank Bldg., Newport News, Va. 
 
 Hartman, Fred J.— FM— 33 Ruth St., Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Hartzell, Roy L. — H — 171 1 Elm St., Youngstown, Ohio. 
 
 Hastings, G. T— H, Hq— 7 Robbins Place, Yonkers, N. Y. 
 
 Haulenbeek, C. J. — R — 183 Emerson Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Hazel, William J.— A, L, H— 16 West Forty-seventh St., New York City. 
 
 Hedrick, C. E.—H— Marshall College, Huntington, W. Va. 
 
 Heidt, Elmer E. — Hq — 58 Larkspur St., Springfield, Mass. 
 
 Heifer, F. W— H (Occoquan)— 406 South Huron St., Wheeling, W. Va. 
 
 Hemingway, H. DeWitt — FM, R— 38 Capitol St., Auburn, N. Y. 
 
 Henckel, Fred A. — FM, A — Y. M. C. A., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Henshaw, Harry G. — H — East Aurora, N. Y. 
 
 Herrman, Jesse — H — 701 Glenwood Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Hessenauer, J. F. — L — Rural Route No. 3, Evansville, Ind. 
 
 Hickok, Paul R— Hq— 191 7 Fifth Ave., Troy, N. Y. 
 
 Hickok, Ralph K— H, Hq— Aurora, N. Y. 
 
 Hodge, Hugh L. — FM — 205 Thoen St., Sewickley, Pa. 
 
 Hofer, L. C.—Q— Dividing Creek, N. J. 
 
 Holland, R. T — H, P, R— Scottville, Ky. 
 
 Howes, Clyde F— FW— Clay Ave., Pelham Manor, N. Y. 
 
 Huggins, A. N. — A — Fayetteville, N. C. 
 
 Hunt, Earl R— L, H— 114 North Fourteenth St., Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 Hunter, G. W— Hq— Northfield, Minn. 
 
 Irwin, G. W.—Hq— Auburn, N. Y. 
 Isaacs, L. M— FM — Orwell, Vt. 
 
 Jackson, E. H.—H— Columbian Bldg., Washington, D. C. 
 Johnson, B. M— P, H, Q— Colgate University, Hamilton, N. Y. 
 Johnson, E. G.—L— Chevy Chase Branch, R. F. D. Washington, D. C. 
 Johnson, Earl W— L— 2501 Hall Place, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Keferstein, C. B— E, Hq— Stoneleigh Courts, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Kidd, John— H, L— 1636 Half St. S. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Kinzley, Louis — Q — 146 Elmwood Ave., Lockport, N. Y. 
 
 Kizer, E. D— P— 1830 Belle Plaine Ave., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Korff, M. A.— H, S— 184 Watchung St., Plainfield, N. J. 
 
 Kraft, Clyde E— FM, H (Occoquan)— 914 Ivy St., Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Kuhn, H. P., Jr.— L— Hotel Rittenhouse, East End, Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Lamberton, D. H.—H, W— Floral Park, N. Y. 
 
 Lawton, Harold W.— M— The Chalfonte, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Leahy, Joseph — L, H — 1362 Kenyon St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Lee, L. L. — W — Leesburg, Va. 
 
 Leech, Sidney W— E, W, L—n 33 Twenty-fourth St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Lista, Louis J.— L— 513 D St., S. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Little, L. Peyton — Q — Williamsburg, Va. 
 
 Long, Charles E. — H — 444 North Luke St., Lancaster, Pa. 
 
 Long, John F. — H — 107 East Harrison Ave., Jeannette, Pa. 
 
 Lorenz, Daniel E. — S — 485 Central Park, West, New York City. 
 
 Love, W. B— W, H— Sidney, Ohio. 
 
 Lower, William B— FM— 5028 North Twelfth St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Lutz, Roland B— H— 546 West Sedgwick St., Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
4 8 
 
 McCaskill, Kenneth— H— Millboro, Va. 
 
 MacDougal, Robert — H — Erwin Park, Montclair, N. J. 
 
 McGrady, W. M.— L— 350 South Tryon St., Charlotte, N. C. 
 
 McKee, Robert S. — L — Wyoming, Pa. 
 
 McKelvie, John — B, P, M — 1015 Berger Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 McLean, F. E — Q — Huntington, L. I. 
 
 McMann, W. D.— Q— 162 1 South Canal St., Sharpsburg, Pa. 
 
 Mace, J. W.—H— Central Y. M. C. A., Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Mack, Edward — Q — Union Theological Seminary, Richmond, Va. 
 
 Macomber, E. A. — H — Beacon, N. Y. 
 
 Magee, Wilbert R. — H — Newcastle, Pa. 
 
 Marquardt, Eugene — H — State College, Pa. 
 
 Marsh, M. E. — S — Normal and Collegiate Inst., Asheville, N. C. 
 
 Matthews, Crosby— Q—Y. M. C. A., South Amboy, N. J. 
 
 May, Charles R.—FM— Beaver Falls, Pa. 
 
 Mellon, Thomas — L, H — 400 North Negley Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Messier, J. J. — W — 271 East Commerce St., Bridgeton, N. J. 
 
 Miller, C. S.— FM— Red Key, Indiana. 
 
 Miller, E. R— E— 88 Granville St., Newark, Ohio. 
 
 Miller, George C— H— 120 East Fulton St., Butler, Pa. 
 
 Miller, J. C. — M, A — 416 First Trust and Deposit Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Miller, J. T. — L — Lonaconing, Md. 
 
 Minot, George F. — A, Stock Room — Brockport, N. Y. 
 
 Moffatt, J. H. — H — 55 1 1 University Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Moore, A'rthur W. — A — 709 Decatur St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Moore, Thomas H. — Q — 100 Ninth Ave., Astoria, L. I. 
 
 Morgan, W. E— H— 413 Palmer St., Plymouth, Pa. 
 
 Morley, Chester B.— H — 402 Kingboro St., Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Morse, George E. — M — Rutland, Vt. 
 
 Mott, C. T— Hq — 911 President St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Myer, A. H.— Q— Wyckoff, N. J. 
 
 Myers, F. H. — Q — 53 Massachusetts Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Nelles, Fred— FM— 70 Little Clove Road, Staten Island, N. Y. 
 Newman, G. P.— H— Bethlehem, Henry Co., Ky. 
 Newell, R. E. — Q — 134 Washington Ave., Bellevue, Pa. 
 Nies, Albert B. — H, M — 28 Jefferson Road, Princeton, N. J. 
 
 Oblinger, Clinton — Q — New Hope, W. Va. 
 
 Pake, G. L— M, H— Marion, Ohio. 
 
 Palmer, John C— FM— 1748 Euclid St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Patton, J. W— Tenth and G Sts., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Peck, G. W.—FM— Rutland, Vt. 
 
 Pence, Raymond W. — H — Greencastle, Ind. 
 
 Pedrick, E. C.—Q— Christ Episcopal Church, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Pierrot, George F— L— 4505 Eighteenth St., Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Pike, Arthur S— H— 13^ Goodwin Ave., Glens Falls, N. Y. 
 
 Plaskett, E. L. — H, Q — Lorton, Fairfax County, Va. 
 
 Price, S. W.—L— Johnson City, Tenn. 
 
 Protsman,W. C. — H, L — Rochester Theological Seminary, Rochester, N. Y 
 
 Pryor, H. C— W— 510 124th St., New York City. 
 
 Pultz, C. W— A, H, Q— 208 Eighth St., Brookings, S. Dak. 
 
 Quinn, F. H— H— 17 Mott St., White Plains, N. Y. 
 
 Ralston, E. S. — H— 222 Leland Ave., Plainfield, N. J. 
 Ramsey, C. N.—Hq— Beaver Falls, Pa. 
 
49 
 
 Randall, A. G. C— H— 1420 First St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Reynolds, J. W— H— 1367 Massachusetts Ave. S. E., Washington, D C 
 
 Richards, N. F.—P— Calvary M. E. Church, Sudlersville, Md. 
 
 Richardson, M. M.—E— Stillwater, Minn. 
 
 Ritchings, J. W., Jr.— W— Spring Valley, N. Y. 
 
 Robertson, Stewart— Q, P, E— Charlottesville, Va. 
 
 Roby, Edgar L.— H, L— Laurel, Md. 
 
 Roling, J. M— L— Fort Worth, Tex. 
 
 Roller, S. K— Q— 51 Chestnut St., Takoma Park, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Routh, Harry G. — A — Lebanon, Va. 
 
 Sangster, J. J.— L— Springfield, Va. 
 
 Satterfield, L.— H— 207 S St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Schade, F. W — Q— 597 Arch St., New Britain, Conn. 
 
 Schenck, H. E— A, H— 300 Tenth St. N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Scott, D. H— H (Occoquan)— Fillmore, N. Y. 
 
 Seawright, W. E— H — 635 Eighth Ave., New Brighton, Pa. 
 
 Sherrill, R. W.— P, H— Landis, N. C. 
 
 Shumate, Thomas— H, Hq— 4630 Kenmore Ave., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Simmons, L. N— H — 104 Parkway West, Halcyon Park, Bloomfield, N. J. 
 
 Simons, E. R— W, A, R— Cornwell's Heights, Buck Co., Pa., care F. B. 
 
 Simons. 
 Skeels, R. H— Hq, Stock Room— 157 Wilbur Ave., Delaware, Ohio. 
 Skinner, F. B— H, FM— Medina, N. Y. 
 Smith, A. L.— Hq— Rosslyn, Va. 
 
 Smith, A. N— W, L— 53 South Lake Ave., Albany, N. Y. 
 Smith, F. W. — H— 1859 Mintwood Place, Washington, D. C 
 Smith, Kercheval— FM, M— 13 16 Thirtieth St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 Smith, R. B— Hq, L— 217 Seaton Place, N. E. Washington, D. C. 
 Spidell, John A.— L, H— 2 Rhodes St., New Rochelle, N. Y. 
 Stafford, Ira— L— McGraw, N. Y. 
 
 Stanley, H. K. — H — 52 Bradhurst Ave., New York City. 
 Stillwell, W. M.—E, H — 22 Clinton Place, New Rochelle, N. Y. 
 Stone, Gerald F— A, FM— Tryon, N. C. 
 
 Storm, L. E.— A— 2466 Webb Ave., The Bronx, New York City. 
 Sutch, F. E— H, L— 5205 Webster St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Taylor, R. R .— L — 919 Hamilton St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Taylor, Wm. D.—L— Bridgeport, W. Va. 
 
 Templeton, C. A.— H, L— 435 N. Main St., Butler, Pa. 
 
 Thomas, L. D— P, B, R— 52 East Eighth St., Wyoming, Pa. 
 
 Thompson, E. E.— HU — 46 Marion St., Medford, Mass. 
 
 Thompson, William — H — Reedsville, Pa. 
 
 Tipton, G. F— H— Box 74, Kingston. Tenn. 
 
 Tirrell, Arthur H— PE— The Westmoreland, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Towner, C. E. — H — Towner Bldg., Monongahela, City Pa. 
 
 Travis, J. C— M— 106 South Cliff St., Butler, Pa. 
 
 Troy, Eugene — Q— 114 Mendenhall St., Greensborough, N. C. 
 
 Truair, Robert S.— E, Hq— 414 Irving St., Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Tuthill, Frank— L—Salina, Kansas. 
 
 Ustick, R. W— H— 1030 Main St., Wellsville, Ohio. 
 
 Vanderbeek, H. C— L, S, R— 105 Merriman Ave., Syracuse, N. Y. 
 Vollenweider, J. A.— W, L— 2403 West Lanvale St., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Walters, Rae G.— W, H— 219 Fifth St., Aspinwall, Pa. 
 Watkins, E. H— M— Kane, Pa. 
 
5Q 
 
 Watkins, Thomas, Jr.— H, R— 2 South St., Fort Plain, N. Y. 
 
 Wegener, A. B. — H. 
 
 Wehler, Charles E — W— Hood College, Frederick, Md. 
 
 Weir, A. D.— W. 
 
 Weisgerber, L. E. — L — 712 East Diamond St., Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Welsh, E. B.— H— Camp Upton, N. Y. (Y. M. C. A.) 
 
 West, Charles H— Hq, H— 21 Cottage St., Rutland, Vt. 
 
 Westerberg, Oscar — L — 177 West 79th St., New York City. 
 
 Wessels, W. L.— M, P, H, Hq— 660 West 180th St., New York City. 
 
 White, Lewis E. — L — R. D. No. 1, Punxsutawney, Pa. 
 
 White, N. B. — S — 12 19 North Third Ave., Knoxville, Tenn. 
 
 Whiting, H. C— A, H— 115 Elm St., Elizabeth, N. J. 
 
 Williams, H. B.— H— Andover, N. Y. 
 
 Williams, D. Porter — H — 424 Beaver St., Beaver, Pa. 
 
 Williams, J. L.— H, W— Girard, Pa. 
 
 Williams, McKenney — H — 201 Lippett St., Providence, R. I. 
 
 Wilson, Dudley R. — L — New Martinsville, W. Va. 
 
 Wilson, E. M— H, P, R— Vienna, Va. 
 
 Wright, F. B — H, R— Kensington, Md. 
 
 Wright, Samuel— FM— 718 South Fifty-eighth St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Winter, Fred E— Hq— 
 
 Yarnell, D. E— Hq— 1736 G St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Young, F. R— H, L— Oxford Depot, Orange County, N. Y. 
 
 Young, Ira C. — Q — Long Island, Kans. 
 
 Young, Samuel A.— H— Dallas, Tex. 
 
 Younger, M. W — Q— 3014 North Fairhill St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
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