^^/> 'r', -^ ^^.^ * N " /0-' %^' / •X'^ '"^^ V- v^ ^4^' #'^. >^ "^ ■.-• , N \>^\-., ''■^ .^ .x'^-^ ,-*' r.O- s '"<^^. ,^\^'' c:^ * /"^i^ ..s^^' -- ^ ^-.. ?t, ^fc-' ,x^' ■'^. a\^' C, '^■'^y^^^&''- %^''*«*'^V: 1 ^^ .v iAToX..^ ^^. <^ t^ The Kenyon Book 1898 PREFACE. ^pIITS book, like Topsy, has "growecl." A brief statement viz of facts, in a small pamphlet, was all that was originally contemplated. That statement, for one reason and another, grew into the first one Imndred and fifty-seven i)ages of this volnme. The Editor, on his personal responsibility, has appended all that follows, and mnch of it he has himself written. To those who have aided by their contril)utions, and by giving valuable informa- tion, he is under large and lasting obligation. With every expres- sion of opinion he does not, of course, agree. But he has thought it wise to bring together everything within his i-eacli that bears upon the solution of "the Gambler problem," and he has tried to make a book that would be valued by every friend of "Kenyon College." Had the information contained in this volume been readily accessible ten years ago, it would have been of essential service, and some difficulties and mistakes would have been avoided. It is now published with the threefold purpose: First, to provide a hand-book of infornnition concerning Gambler; second, to gratify old Kenyon students who love the place and its asso- ciations; third, to increase the conviction that the foundations at Gambler are worth building upon, that the educational work there ought to find large development; and, for this, money should he given, and united efforts should he made. PREFACE. For financial aid in the pnlolication of this volume, cordial thanks are due, and are hereby expressed, to the following friends of the Editor and of Kenyon College: Rev. Dr. David H. Greer, of ISTew York; Rev. Dr. Cyrus S. Bates, Mrs. D. P. Rhodes, M. A. Hanna, Esq., Benjamin Rose, Esq., and A. C. Armstrong, Esq., of Clevelai;lr?l; li. S. Walbridge, Esq., of Toledo; Hon. E. L. Hinman, of Columbus; Hon. Columbus Delano, LL. D., and Charles Cooper, Esq., of Mt. Vernon; T. R. Head, Esq.., of Gambier; and to the distinguished statesman (who has been a friend of Kenyon from his early youth), Hon. John Sherman, LL. D., of Mansfield. WILLIAM B. BODINE. Statement of Facts bearing upon llic Proposed Changes in the Constitution of the Theological Seminary of the Protestant Epi^^^^M^^^^" Church in the Diocese of Ohio, And of Other Facts Bearing Upon the Welfare of the Institution. PRia'ARIU) I!Y A COMMITTIU-; OV TIIIC BOARD OK TRUSTEES. COI^UMBUS, OHIO: NiTSCHKK Bros., Printers .\Nn Hinders. 1890. I IIHU y^T a mri'tin,ii' of tlu' Boai'd of TnisltTs, lu'ld in ( "olunibns, "^ ^ Janiiiii'v 7, ISilO, tlu' uii(K'i-sii;iic(l wrw aiipointnl a ( "oiii- inittci' "'to prc'pai'i' and |)nl)lisli a I'nll statcnuMit of facts l)c'arini;- npon the proposed constitutional cliani;'cs, and any other facts that thi'V inav dccni important for the information of thi' ( 'on\ I'Utions of the Dioceses of ( )hio anil Sonthern ()hio."' Tlu' pamphlet litt'raturi' relatini^- to (iamhier is already lar<>-e, and till' Trusti'es ha\i' hesitatt'd ahont addin.i;- to it. I>ut the ('hurch has madi' it the duty of the niend)ei's of the ( 'on\ I'Utions ol'the Dioceses in ( )hio to pass upon all constitutional chang'es alfectinn' tlu' Seminary, or Collei;e, at (;and)ii'r. and it is helieved that the information upon which an intidlii^ent judgment may be based should be accessil)le. The l)()oks and papers (juoted are chiefly — 1. Bishop Chase's Keminiscences, in two volumes. 2. Journals of the Diocesan ( 'ouventions. 3. Bound \dlumes of pamphlets in the libraries at (nuubier. -f. Bound \()lumes of the Episcopal Recorder. 5. Articles in the Kenyon Collegian, prepared in 1859-GO by Kev. Dr. McElroy, who was connected with Bishop Chase in the (Tambier work from 1S2S to ISoO, and was a Trustee of the Institu- tion from 1852 to 1870. COLUMBUS DELANO, CHARLES E. BURR, WILLIAM B. BODIXE, Committee. Statement dbc ^arlii IKmvs of i^isbop dbasc's Episcopate in 01]io, as 2^olato^ to £^llcation Philander Oliase was consecrated Bishop of Oliio on the lltli of Febru- ary, A. D. 181!t. He was tlien in the forty-fourth year of his age. Dr. McElroy is authority for the statement that '' from the tirst conception ol' a removal to the trans-Allegheny region, the founding of a theological school was with liini a main leature in sucli a mission; but lie liad not yet (in 1817) seen enuugli of Uiiio to determine at what jjuint he should locate his seat of sacred learning. He thought favorably of Worthington, but deter- mined to postpone the Himl settlement of the question until he should have seen the towns and cities in the southwestern portion of the State. On his return from Cincinnati, having already visited Springtield and Dayton, Mr. Chase visited Chillicothe, Lancaster, and Circleville, and, after a prayerful consideration of the snlijcct. by the time he reached Columbus, had definitely settled with himself to purchase at Worthington, and in time found there a tlieological school and college." Under date of July 10, ISIT, Mr. (Jhase writes: '^ I received Iroui the Trustees of Worthington Academy the appointment of Principal, to oversee the destinies of that instilulidii." (Rem. Vol. 1, |). b'J.'i. ) At the lirst convention held alter his consecration, June 2, Isl'.l. he used tlie following language : " Befoi'e loosing our thoughts from the considcral ion of Worlliington, we can, without much digression, contemplate another object higiily interesting to every true friend of religion and learning: and that is, the estal)lisiiment of a College in this place, for the education of young men, in natural, moral, and religious science. To men who look upon learning to be the best handmaid to true piety, the news of the attainment of this great blessing, will occasion a sensation of grateful praise to a merciful Providence. A trusty person, com- missioned lo solicit donations in favor of this College, has lately proceeded to visit our jiious and more wealthy lirethren in the Kaslern States. That he may succeed in his errand, to a degree worthy of so importaiil an ol),j('cl. 1 do hope will l)c our ardent j)rayer."" During 1M>() :ind 1sl>1,1o (|uote again from Kev. Dr. McKlroy. he "still uiainlaiued an olliciaj c(iiin('ction with the scliool al \\'orl]iington, and KENYON COLLEGE. indulged ho])es that it miglit yet become a Diocesan College and Theological Seminary ; but his son, who had the principal charge of it, resigned his office to apply for missionary aid in the Eastern Dioceses, and, after his return, accepted the charge of the parish at Zanesville. This arrangement deprived the Bishop of almost all hope from the school under its existing organization." In 1822, Bishop Chase accepted the presidency of a college at Cincinnati, and removed to that city. His reason for acceptance is stated by him in his published letter to Bishop White. " The reason which induced me to- accept arose from a continued reduction of my already scaaty means of living. My parochial support, given in the fruits of the earth, was very small, not enough being paid me in. money to amount to one-half of my bills at the post office ; and all the collections for the support of the Episcopate being insuffi- cient to pay mj^ traveling expenses. To supply these deficiencies, I had from the beginning recourse to my little farm, which, with that view, I had pur- chased. But though with great truth I could say with the Apostle that for a considerable portion of tlie year, mine own hands ■ministered to my necessities, yet all was found insufficient, tliougli with great economy, to maintain my family." He remained in this educational work at Cincinnati only one year. The care of a college of " all denominations " was not satisfactory to liim. He wanted a school which he could himself control, from the proceeds of which his family could be supported, and whicli should also minister to the wants of the Church he loved. W\iat ^trst of all (Baoe Htse to Kcnijon (£olIege? Bishop Chase, himself, asks this question, and answers it (Rem. Vol. 1, p. 182-185) when he tells us that on the evening of tlie 3d of June, 1823, as his son, we^ary and exhausted, lay upon his couch, he said. to his father: " I am thankful that there are some in this world who sympathize with us in our sufferings," and then he went on to tell of an article in the British Critic which made favorable mention of Ohio and her Bishop. " And why not help us'^" the Bishop said. "How?" "In founding a Seminary of learning for educating ministers." In the twinkling of an eye, the Bishop had determined that foreign aid sliould be asked. He first appointed his son for this work. The Diocesan Missionary Society met in the College edifice at Worthing- ton, on the 5th of June, (see Diocesan Journal, 1823), and resolved — 1. " That this 'Society appoint the Rev. Philander Chase, Jr., to cross the Atlantic, with proper credentials, for the purpose of soliciting aid, in Great Britain, for the support of the Protestant Episcojial Church in the Diocese of Ohio; and that he be allowed live huiulred dollars lor his expenses. KENYON COLLEGE 2. " That the Right Rev. the Bishop be respecti'ully requested to luniisli the proper credentials, and also to furnish an address, setting forth our condi- tion, our wants, and our prayers, to the Right Rev. the Bishops, Clergy, and members of the Church of England." The condition of Mr. Chase's liealth prevented his undertaking the work. So the Bishop determined to go himself. Under date of July 29, 1823, he addressed a comnumication " to his brethren, the Bishops of the Church." In this letter, among other things, he said : (Rem. Vol. 1, p. 186). " I have resolved, after mature deliberation, and I hope after reasonable interpretations of the leading hand of Divine Provi- dence, to proceed immediately to Old England to solicit means for the estab- lishment of a school for the education of young men for the ministry. "The reasons which have impelled me to this measure are those of impe- rious necessity. It may be said generally of the whole community of the Western settlements that they are sinking fast in ignorance and its never fail- ing attendants vice and fanaticism. The members of our own Church, scat- tered like a discomfited army, are seeking for strange ibod in forbidden fields, or, in solitary groups by the wayside, are fainting, i'amishing, dying, for the lack of all things which can nourish them to eternal life. No missionaries make their appearance, nor are there even the most distant hopes of obtaining any from the East. The few clergy we have may keep us alive, under Provi- dence, a little longer; but when they die or move away, we have no means to supply their places. Tiie pious young men convertecl unto (Jod and willing to enter into the ministry under all its disadvantages, iuiving no hope of assist- ance, and no way pointed out to them whereby there is even a possibility of attaining the lowest degree of qualifications specified by our canons, sink down in despair — a despair from which we have no power to raise them." '•For one, I feel disposed, by the grace of God, to amend my ways. I will endeavor to institute a humble school, to receive and prepare such mate- rials as we have among us. These we will polish under our own eye to the best of our power; and with these we will build the temple, iiumble as it may be, to the glory of God." To this letter replies were received from Bishops Brownell, Bowen, and Ravenscroft approving Bishop Chase's purpose. Bishop White failed to ap- prove, and Bishop Hobart actively opposed him. This opposition called ibrth his Cctter to Btsl]op VO\\\\i This letter was dated New York, September 23, 1823. As printed with the appendix, it is a document of forty pages. The plan of the institution was sketched as follows : 8 KENYON COLLEGE. " As to the plan itseli', mature retlection has lixed on the following, in our case, most eligible. A farm will be given us already improved and supplied with pure water, fuel, fruit, and some convenient buildings. From this farm will be produced the principal support of the young men in their board and comibrts. That this may be done with the least expense to them, they will covenant as they enter the school to attend to horticulture and to the ingather- ing of the harvest; this, however, never as an impediment to their studies, but to supply the place of that exercise necessary for their health. In the spring and fall of the year the accounts of the establishment will be settled, and the average expense assessed on each individual ; this, it is evident, can be but small. "To accustom our youth and future servants of a beneficent Redeemer to acts of substantial charity, and as a means of disseminating the principles of our holy religion under j^roper inspection throughout our barren regions, and especially among the poor and ignorant, a printing press and types will be solicited, and the young men, or some proper proportion of them, will, at convenient hours of IJie day, be employed in printing tracts and a periodical publication. I need not say how interestingly useful this will be to our coun- try ; for were I to attempt it, Ihe terms of our language would not permit. This literary part oi' our scheme will he under the j)eculiar oversight of the teachers. It is understood that the institution is to be under the immediate care of the Bishop for the time being, or his substitute, assisted by two or more professors of sacred learning, and a grammar school teacher. These are the outlines of our plan, to which, i1' God give us the means, we intend to adhere." Bishop dbasc in fnalan^ Bishop Chase reached Liverpool on the 3d of November, 1823. The most important" letter which he carried with him was one from Henry Clay to the Admiral, Lord Gambler. On the 5th of December he had an interview with Lord Gambiei', who then became his friend and supporter. Under date of December 11, Lord Gambier wrote : '• I must declare my full conviction that circumstanced as are the widely scattered people of your extensive Diocese, and the great want they are in of pastors and teachers, your plan for the education and training of young men, natives of Ohio, for the ministry in the Episcopal Church, must be generally approved, and your zealous, disinterested, and pious exertions in coming to this country for assistance toward the establishment of the proposed College will, 1 hoi)e, prove successful." (Rem. Vol. 1, p. 248.) KENYON COLLEGE. 9 On December 15 he wrote again : "In full consideration of the sii)),iecl, 1 am of opinion Ihal a slalcmcnl of tlie circumstances of the peopli' of your Diocese and iheir spiriluai wants, with your views and wislies, and llie plan ol" llie ('olleL:,e, sliould he drawn up as correctly as may be i»raclical)le, and ciiculaled amoni; tl:e friends df religion." ( Kem. Vol. 1. p. 25(1). On tile .'Jlst of I)eceml)er tliere was ;i niceling in London of cleriiymeu dis])osed to favor Eishop Chase's cause. Resolutions were ado])(ed, of whicli liie following are the most important: (Rem. Vol. 1, p. 281). 1. "That the spiritual wants of the Diocese of Ohio, in the Episcopal Church of the United States, tlie only diocese yet estal)lished in the Western territory, call for special provision and assistance. 'I. "That appropriate' and ade([uate provision for (he support of tlie sj)ii-ilual wants of the said diocese reqinres the establishment of an institution on the spot in which natives of the country may be trained ihr the minislry at an expense witliin tlieii' reach, and in iiabits suited to tlie sphere of tlieir hdx.rs." It was also determined that a sul)scri])tiou sliould be opened in behalf of (he Diocese of Ohio, willi Henry Hoare, Esq., as Treasurer of the fund. This gentleman, with Lord Gamhier, Lord Kenyon, and the Rev. Dr. (iaskin, as trustees of the proposed fund, soon tliereafter put forth an "Appeal in BEHALF OF THE DlOUESE OF OUIO, IN IIIE WESTERN TERRITORY OF THE UnITEU States." This a|)peal is a closely printed document of tifteen pages. It begins thus : "The Episcopal Church of the I'nited States of Amei'ica derives its origin from this country. Ten dioceses iiave been formed; nine of which are in the Atlantic States east of the Allegheny Mountains. Portions of two oi' these dioceses, those of Philadelphia and Virginia, reach across those moun- tains as they are co-extensive with the respective States of Pennsylvania and \'irgiuia; l)ut tlie Diocese of Ohio is the only Diocese yet formed beyond the luouutains, in tlie Western territory of the States. "The pressing want of clergymen in this Diocese has led the Right Rev- erend Prelate, who has tiie care of its scattei'ed parishes, to visit tiiis country that he may procure that aid which is necessary to preserve his infant church from perishing, and which he Iiad no hope of procuring elsewhere. "The Hon. Henry ('lay. Speaker of the House of Rejiresentatives of the United States, himscdf an iuhabilant ol tlie State of Kentu(d\y, in the Western Territory, and |)erfect]y ac(|iiaiuled with the destitute condition of that terri- tory in respect of Ciiristiaii ministers and sacred ordinances, addressed a letter to the Right Hon. Lord Gambler, requesting his Lordship's assistance in ])ro nioting the oljject ol I'isjio]) Chase's visit to this country. 10 KENYON COLLEGE. •' Lord (Tambier, having introduced the subject to some I'riends well acquainted with the constitution and proceedings of the American Episcopal Churcli, they entered into a full examination of the claims of the Diocese of Ohio on Christian benevolence, and the expediency of rendering the aid re- quested. The result has been their full conviction that the spiritual wants of that Diocese call for special provision and assistance; and that appropriate and adequate provision for tiie supply of such wants requires the establish- ment of an institution on the spot in which natives of the country may be prepared for the ministry at an expense within their reach, and in habits suited to the sphere oi' their labors ; and they are satisfied that this important object is not "likely to be accomplished without liberal aid from this country. "The chief grounds on which they liave come to this conclusion they will now state, in doing which they will avail themselves of the testimony of com- petent judges, and especially of the simple and impressive statements of Bishop Chase himself, which cannot be read without emotion." Then follows an extract from Bishop Chase's letter to Bishop White as to the early history of the Church in Ohio, and the proposed plan of his institu- tion, and the statement that " ten thousand dollars contributed in England would enable Bishop Cliase to make a commencement, ivhile his plan might he consolidated and enlarged as fiirther contributions should he received.,''^ arguing with '■'■ j>eouliar propriety and force,-'' that of those already brought under the Bishop's charge nearly one-third 'were emigrants and their families from England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. Btsl]op (lipase's Decb of Donation Under date of London, November 27, 1S23, (Rem. Vol. 2, p 151), Bishop Chase signed a document, which he aiterwards called a deed of gift or dona- tion, promising to give " his landed property at Worthington, and all the buildings and propertj^ thereunto pertaining, to the Society, or School, or The- ological Seminary, for the education of young men for the Christian ministry, to be organized by the Convention oi' the Protestant Episcopal Church in Ohio," according to his plan or outline stated in his printed letter to Bishop White, " as nearly as may be consistent with the funds obtained ; " also his library, '■''provided^ that the said School or Theological Seminary be legally incorporated by the Legislature of Ohio, and that the act of incorporation contain a clause of the following effect : "That all acts and proceedings of the said School or Theological Seminary shall forever be in conformity to the doctrine, discipline, constitution, canons, and course of study prescribed by the Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America; and on proper evidence of a default KEN YON COLLEGE. ' H tliereol', that the Kijilit Kevereiid the Bishops of the said Aincricaii Cliiircli, or a majority ot them, as a eomiiiittee of tlie incorporated institution of tlie General Theological Seminary of tiie said Ciiiirch in the city of New Yorlc, or elsewhere, shall have power to institute an inquiry at law, and to see that the will and intention of the founder and donors of tiie said School or Theological Seminary in Ohio be fulfilled. ''Provided, also, that the sum often tliou>and dollars or upwards he given in England for the maintenance of said Schoul or Theological Seminary in ( )hi() liy one or more benevolent persons. " It is understood that the moneys collected for tlie above purpose are to be deposited l)y permission in the hands of the Right Honoral)le Lord (iambier, and not to be transmitted to America until the said School or Theological Seminary shall have been, according to the said plan, duly and legally in- corporated, and a title of the said landed and other property and library in good I'aith be given and executed to the said School or Seminary ; of all whicii the Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky, shall be the judge. •'It is further understood that the Bishop of Ohio, with his family, is to reside on this plantation, and occupy the Mansion house, as usual, during his life-time, as a part of his salary lor supei'intending the School or Seminary, as also is his successor in office ; and should the present Bisiiop of Ohio depart this life, leaving his wife a widow, or before his children come to tiie age of twenty-one years, a reasonable allowance shall be made for their maintenance from the funds of the institution ; of tiiis, also, the Honorable Henry Clay, above named, shall be the judge; and in case of his failure to do so, by deatii or otherwise, the judgment of the Governor of the State of Ohio, for the time being, in all the above particulars, shall be taken." This document was not published until more than twelve years after it was signed, and the landed property referred to was never conveyed " to the Society, or Sciiool, or Theological Seminary," owing to the choice by the Diocesan convention of tiie location in Knox County. But the first provision of the document was made pul)lic in England in more ways than one, and the plan of the institution, as outlined in the letter to Bisiiop Wliite (see page 6), was made public tiirough the ''appeal in beiialf of the Uiocese of Oliio in the Western tei'ritory of the United States." Bisl]op f)obart an^ IMsbop e of equal value, is to be decided by the Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky. According to the i)lan which forms the basis and foundation of all the dona- tions made, the Bishop of the diocese is to reside at the Seminary and to have the charge and direction of it. as one of its principal Professors and President; and as such is to receive a proper comi>ensation out of the funds contributed. The committee conceive that the essential interests of the Seminary, as well as Ihe oldigalions of good faith, require that this part of the plan be strictly adhered to. so that the seat of the Seminary is closely connected with the proper point for the Bishop's residence; and this connection ought to be recol- lected in all our delilierations upon the subject. " According to the Bishop's deed, upon which all donations are predicated, the real estate proposed to be given, and the appendages to it, will revert to the present Bishoj), the proprietor, in the event of establishing the Seminary al any other place; but notwithstanding such reversion, it will become the duly of the Bisho]) to reside personally at the Seminary. These facts, as resulting from an examinalicni of the deed, are stated for the information of the Convention. The committee have considered thai the fixins:' of the 14 KENYON COLLEGE. Seminary is a matter with which they have nothing further to do, than to state the principles upon which it must be eflfected." A committee was appointed to receive propositions lor iixing the seat of the Seminary; and the Constitution was adopted as follows: " GONSTITUTION. "x\rticle I. The Convention of tlie Protestant Episcopal Church for the Diocese of Ohio, do hereby establish a Seminary for the education of Ministers of the Gospel in said Church ; such Seminary to be founded upon donations made, and to be made, in the united Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, and America, for that purpose, and to be known by the name of ' The Theo- logical Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Chdrch in the Diocese OF Ohio.' "Art. II. The said Seminary shall be established bj^ the Convention of the Diocese, at such place within the same as shall be consistent with the deed of donation, executed by the Bishop of Ohio, in England, on the 27th day of November, 1823 ; and when once established, shall for ever after remain in the same place. "Art. III. The direction and management of said Seminary shall be vested in a Board of Trustees, which shall consist of the Bishop of the Diocese for the time being, and of four Clerical and four Lay Trustees, to be chosen by the Convention of the Diocese, and to remain in ofBce for the term of three years, and until their successors are chosen. This article, so far as it respects the number of Clerical and Lay Trustees, may from time to time be amended by a concurring resolution of the Convention, and of the Board of Trustees of the Seminary, so as to increase the number of Clerical and Lay Trustees, until the number of each may be twelve; which number shall thereafter constitute the permanent Board of Clerical and Lay Trustees. "Art. IV. A majority of the whole number of Trustees shall be necessary to constitute a quorum to do business. The Bishop, if present, shall preside. In his absence, a President pro tern, shall be appointed by ballot, whose office shall expire with the final adjournment of the meeting of the Board at which the appointment was made. If any vacanc}'' shall happen in the Board of Trustees, such vacancy shall be filled by the Convention that may meet next thereafter. "Art. v. The Seminary shall be under the immediate charge and super- intendence of the Bishop of the Diocese for the time being, as principal Pro- fessor and President; and the salary to be received for his service, shall be fixed by the Board of Trustees, at their annual meeting preceding the com- mencement of such salary. KEN YON ('OLLE(iE. 15 "Art. XI. The Board of Trust ec>s sliall have power to const ilute proles- sorsliips, and to api)oint and remove tlie professors, and to prescrihc the course of study, and to make all rules, regulations, and statutes which may be neces- sary for the government of the Seminary, and to secure its prosperity: pro- vided, that all such rules, regulations, statutes, or other proceedings, shall for ever be in conformity ' to the doctrine, discipline, constitution, and canons ol the Protestant Episcopal Churcii in the United States of America, and to the course of study prescribed, or to be prescril)ed, by the Bishops of the said Clnnrli/ "Art. VII. If at any time the General Convention of the Protest^ant Kl)iscopal Church in the United States of America shall, by resolution, entered in their Journals, declare any rule, regulation, statute, or other proceeding of the Board of Trustees hereby constituted, to be contrary to the doctrine, dis- cipline, constitution, and canons of the Church, or to the course of study prescribed by the Bishops, such rule, regulation, statute, or other proceeding, shall thenceforth cease to have ell'ect, and shall be considered as abrogated and annulled. "Art. VIII. The Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United vStates of America, shall individually, and any two or more of them, be visitants of the Seminary, to take care that the course of discipline and instruction be conformable to the preceding provisions. And it shall be law- ful for any one of the Bishops aforesaid, at any time, to institute in his own name and character of Bishop, any proper legal process to enforce and secure the administration of the Seminary according to the foundation herein prescrilied. "Art. IX. The Board of Trustees .shall meet at the Seminary annually, on the Friday succeeding the meeting of the Convention. The Bishop, upon the application of one member of the Standing Committee of the Diocese, and two Clerical and two Lay Trustees, made in writing, shall at any time call a special meeting of the Board, to be held at the Seminary, at a time to be appointed by the Bishop, notice of which shall be given to all the Trustees. "Art. X. This Constitution may be amended by the concurrent vote of the Bishop, a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Seminary, and a majority of the Convention of the Diocese. But if at any time an amend- ment shall be proposed and voted unanimously by the Board of Trustees of the Seminary, and by the Convention, then such amendment shall prevail without the assent of the Bishop." As to the location of the Seminary, the Bishop tells us that there was already "great diversity of opinion." (Rem. Vol. 1, p. 427). 16 KENYON COLLEGE. The following preamble and resolutions, moved by Charles Hammond, were adopted : "Whereas, Deciding upon the seat of the Theological Seminary of the Diocese is of great importance to the prosperity of the Church, and whereas time is not now permitted to decide upon the same ; therefore, be it '''' Resolved^ That a committee of two members of the Church be appointed to receive propositions for fixing the seat of the Seminary, and report the sarhe the first day of the next convention, so that a final place may be decided on. " Resolved^ further. That i( shall Ije the duty of said committee, from time to time, to communicate to each and every party, who may make a proposition, for the seat of the Seminarj^, the nature and amount of each proposition made at other places. And if an_y additional donations are pro- posed by any party, such additional propositions shall be communicated to all others who may have made propositions." cTct of 3ncorporation A committee was also appointed to draw up an act of incorporation, and secure its adoption by the Ohio Legislature. Of this committee, Charles Hammond was Chairman. He was also the author of the Constitution. To quote again from the Rev. Dr. McElroy, (see Kenyon Collegian, Jan- uary, 1859): "The Bishop from the first embraced in his project a large college, with its grammar school, as well as a theological seminary, the former as an indispensable preparatory department to the latter, and all the English friends and benefactoi's were , actuated by the same view. But some of the laymen of Ohio, who had from the first warmly and ably supported him in all his j)rojects to provide for the education in Ohio of young men for the min- istry (among these Charles Hammond) were decidedly opposed to the college conception and in favor only of a Theological Seminary. The Bishop from the first was in favor of placing the proposed institution in the woods, in the center of a large domain, at a distance from a city or town; very many of the laymen were opposed- clecidedly to such a location, and in favor of placing the institution in the immediate vicinity of a city or town. Mr. Hammond, the Chairman of the committee appointed to secure an act of incorporation, drew up the act himself, and had the institution incorporated exclusively as a Theological Seminary. The Bishop, for the sake of peace, and to iiisui'e the act of incorporation, made no special objection to this, intending to apply to a subsequent legislature for an amendment to incorporate a College in connec- tion with the Seminarv.'' wm'mmwi'.^mm'- BISHOP MclLVAINE. KENYON COLLEGE. 17 Tlie Act of Incoi-poratiuii is as lollows : "WiiEsitEAs, John MoCorkle and Uhai-les Hammond, a committee appointed on behalf of the Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Chnrch in the Diocese of Ohio, have, by their Petition to the General Assembly, represented that a Seminary for Theological Educa- tion has been established by said Convention within this State, and in order to the more convenient management of the concerns of said Seminary, and to the pernninency of its establishment in this State, have prayed that the Seminary may be incorporated: therefore, "Section 1. Be U enacted hi/ the General A.s.wnihlij of the State of Ohio. 'J'liiil the Right Reverend Phihuider Ohase, now Bishoj) .ject to their inspection. The terms will be as follows: Tuition in the collegiate studies, per annum, .1>'20; acade- nucal studies, $10. Board, per week. $1; incidental expenses, 25 cents. (!'an- didates for orders will receive instruction gratis." The London periodical prefaces this statement with the remark : " It will be gratifying to tliose of our readers who have interested themselves in the proposed Episcopal College in Ohio to learn that its incipient operations are already in jji-ogress." Some of the students gathered in this theological seminary, or college, were students for the ministry; iiut most of them were not. Belonging to the latter class were several ]\Ioliawk Indians, whose expenses were paid by the United States tioxernment. ilbo ^Enoilisb ^ull^s In August, 1825, Bishop Hobart left with Lord Kenyon "a written i)i'opo- sition to l)e laid before the English Trustees of the Ohio Fund for their atlojition, the sidistance of which was that the said Trustees shcndd make ro/i- diiious on which the moneys collected for Ohio were to he transmitted.^^ The record of the meeting of the Trustees containing the precise proposi- tion of Bishop Hobart and their resolution thereon is as follows (Rem. I, 475): "At a meeting of the Trustees of the fund raised in England tor the establishment of a Theological Seminary in the Diocese of Ohio, held in Lon- don on the 12th of September, 1825, present Lord Gambier, Rev. Dr. Gaskin, and Mr. Henry Hoare, attended by Mr. Timothy Wiggin and the Rev. Josiah Pratt, a stiggestion was olFered through the remaining Trustee, Lord Kenyon (accompanied with expressions of his entire conlidence in Bishop Chase and his coadjutors), to the following purport: '"The Constitution of the Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episco- pal Church in the State of Ohio enacts certain provisions which are under- stood to l)e the l»asis on whiidi funds were collected for that Seminary in England. "'The last article of the Constitution enacts that the said (Constitution may he altered by the Bisho]), the Trustees, and (he ConventioM. or by the 22 KENYON COLLEGE. unanimous vote of the two latter without the Bishop. /;: follows that tlie articles containing the provisions above referred to may he thus altered. This contingency, not likely indeed soon to happen, but which may happen, can be guarded against on the present organization of the Seminary only by tlie Trustees of the fund in England executing a deed of gift of the funds in which these provisions are stipulated, as the conditions on which the funds are to be held; and in case of the violation of these conditions, empowering a corporate body, as, for example, the Bishops of other Dioceses, as a Committee of the General Theological Seminary, to institute legal measures for the obtaining of these funds, to be appropriated for sucli purposes of the Churcli as they may direct.' "The subject having been taken into consideration, it was unanimously ^'■Resolved, That it appears that the Trustees have no power to annex any conditions to the payment of the money raised in this country when it shall be drawn for by the proper authorities in Ohio, being satisfied, as they are, tliat the Constitution of the Seminary established by the Convention of Ohio is conformable to the views and wishes of the henefactors to the Seminarj'. " It appears, however, desirable to recommend to the Convention of the Diocese of Ohio to add the following words, or words to the same effect, to the tenth article of the Constitution of the Seminary : " ''Provided^ that no amendment or alteration whatever be made in this Constitution without a concurrence of the majority of the Bishops of the Pi'otestant Episcopal Church in the United States.' "Examined and approved by us — "KENYON, GEO. GASKIN, "GAMBIER, HENRY HOARE." "The importance of the above instrument," says Bishop Chase, "avUI appear by noting tlie following particulars (Rem., Vol. 1, p. 476): " 1st. It gave occasion to alter the tenth article of the Constitution of the Seminary — an article d.rawn up hy Charles Hammond, hut never thought of without regret hy the loriter. This alteration was effected according to the above expressed recommendation of the English Trustees. "2d. This application to Lord Kenyon, and thi-ough him to the English Trustees, to trammel the transmission of English benefaction to Ohio, how- ever gratuitous and sinister in itself, did nevertheless procure a declaration of the binding nature of common law, recognizing the grand principle of all elee- mosynary institutions, viz., that the will of the donor is paramount. We have no power, say tliej^, to annex conditions. The will of the donors who placed the money in our hands is all the condition which, as honorable men, Ave can acknowledge, and what governs us as agents shall govern all others." KEN YON COLLEGE 28 On tlie lOtli of January, 1S2G, the Eniilish Trustees met again (see corre- spondence (!hase and Mcllvaine). "A letter being read from Bishop Oliase to Lord Kenyon, dated Worth- iuglon, November 1, 1825, stating, in reference to a suggestion of Bisliop Jloliart, wliicii had been sent to him by Lord Kenyon, recommending the adoption by the convention of Ohio, that the Constitution of tlie Tlieological Seminary sliould be unalterable; and also containing a suggestion of Bishop Chase tliat the Trustees of the funds in England should, in said deed of gift (if (he sai. 'i'his was -'written and prepared liy" Bishop Chase and passed through 24 KENYON COLLEGE. his instrumentality, and, of course, witliout consultation with Mr. Hammond. Indeed, Mr. Hammond and Bishop Chase had ceased to be friends. "Z?e if enacted by the General AsseinbUj of the State of Ohio, That the President and Professors of the said Seminary shall be considered as the Fac- ulty of a college, and as such have the power of conferring degrees in the arts and sciences, and of jjerforming all such other acts as pertain unto the Faculties of Colleges for the encouragement and reward of learning; and the name and style by which the said degrees shall be conferred, and the certifi- cates of learning given, shall be that of the President and Professors of Ken- yon College in the State of Ohio." Concerning this action. Bishop Chase said: (See Conv. Address, 1S26.) " Having obtained the means to complete the education of young men for the reception of degrees in the arts and sciences, it seemed no more than reason- able and just that the President and Professors, by whom they were educated, should have the power of conferring these degrees. Accordingly, I thought it my duty to petition the civil government tor such a privilege; and I am most happy to state to this Convention that the prayer was granted with unusual unanimity and cheerfulness. The name and style under which they are empowered to confer degrees is that of "The President and Professors of Kenyon College in the State of Ohio,"^ — thus expressing our respect, and perpetuating our gratitude to one of our principal benefactors in England, and through him to all in that country who have done us good, or taken an interest in our welfare." Bishop (Ibase's <£nlarginc3 plans To quote again from the Rev. Dr. McElroy, "The more he revolved in his mind this college feature, the greater it grew in importance in his estimation, and he determined to proceed to Washington to see what could be done to interest Congress in his plans, and to obtain, if possible, a grant of lands from the National Legislature in aid of the College." He made no headway at this time in Washington, but he saw Wm. Hogg at Brownsville, Pa. Mr. Hogg was the owner of a tract of 8,000 acres of land in Knox County, which he had offered to sell for $ 24,000. Bishop Chase was eager to obtain liiis land as the best site in Ohio for his contemplated Sem- inary. He urged the greatness of his plan upon Mr. Hogg with successful en- tluisiasm, ibr Mr. Hogg generously agreed to deduct % 6,000 from the price of the lands, "considering the magnitude and usefulness of the object to which the lands were to be applied." At Portsmouth, on his way homeward. Bishop Chase issued a circular conceruinii' the wonderful attractions of these Knox County lands, and asked KENYON COLLECiE. 25 lor money to push his eiUargiiig enterprise. ^' Shall it he said,'" he asked. •' t/iat all the funds hy which th/'s puhlit' institution, now open, now empowered til receire. like other eolleyes, stirdentx in t/eneral science, were raised from abroad f " dbe Pioccsan Conrciitioii of 1826 The Convention met in ('olinnhns, .lune T. Tlie Hisli(i])'s address was cliielly occupied witli liie location of tiie Sennnary, and (he work to be (h)ne in education. "Our prices iiave been," lie said, "lor each year, or Ibrly weeks' texm: For boardinii- and contiuiient expenses of candidates for orders, $50; colleiiians, 170; iiramniar school ])upils, .'^60. The above includes all expenses, except stationery, books, and (dothing. Candidates lor orders pay no tuition. We glory in these reduced prices ; and though it is evidently necessary that the boarding department be made to defray its own expenses, yet conscientiously looking to the good of the public, especially of those worthy young men who are destitute of the means of obtaining advanced learning, the very nature of our plan of having our institution in the country, surrounded by our own domain, ;d)ouiiding in every necessary of life, gives us reason to expect that these i)rices can always be kept at their present unex- ampled and almost incredibly reduced rate. "You will be aware from the above statement, that we have hitherto pro- ceeded on the ground that a college for general learning would be annexed to the Theological Seminary; not that the latter would take from the privileges of the former. On the contrary, it is 1)elieve(l that they can be of most im- portant mutual assistance. "Much of the field of art and science is open alike to the physician, civi- lian, and the divine. What one studies the others must not neglect. The knowledge of the languages, philosophy, and belles lettres is necessary to all, and in the attainment of this, the ability and number of the professors and teachers, the 'quality and extent of the libraries, and the usefulness and value of an astronomical and philosophical apparatus, may be greatly enlarged for the benefit of each by a junction of the funds of both. "It was, therefore, to promote, not to impede the original design of our institution that I have endeavcn-ed to annex a college of general science to our Sennnary, and to oi)eu our doors to students designed eventually for all the learned professions. That 1 have been actuated by a wish to be of service to my country, without regard to denomination in religion, I will not deny. Where no principle or rule of conscience is compromifted, I deem it my duty, and 1 hope I may find it my ])leasure, to be as extensively useful to all denominations of C'hristians as possilde. 26 KENYON COLLEGE. " But here it must be noted, tliat in joining a college to the Seminary, it is an indispensable condition that our funds increase in proportion to the magnitude of the design. To open our institution to the public without an equivalent — I mean an estate or property equal at least to the fund collected in England — would be as unreasonable as unjust. That this estate — this additional fund worthy of the high destination of our Seminary — might be at your acceptance and disposal in the very act of fixing the site of this interest- ing institution, has formed a principal feature of my last year's duty. It is presented to you in the proposition of Mr. William Hogg, of Brownsville, to sell us at a reduced price 8,000 acres of land in Knox County, on which to fix both the Seminary and College. The sale of one-half of this tract, joined with the subscriptions already attained, and yet expected, will more than pay for the whole. The remaining 4,000 acres, with the Seminary thereon, valuable as it is in itself^ must and will constitute an equivalent, if not far exceed in value, the whole collections fi-om abroad. •' Here is a foundation on which to erect an edifice worthy of the kind expectation of our esteemed benefactors. On this we can build, and expect the further assistance of a sympathizing world; on this we can build and justly expect the patronage of our civil government. And here I think it my duty to add that any thing less than this would be to degrade, not to improve, our present blessings. To establish our Seminary in a village Avith no more accession to her fund than a village can give, and yet expect that she will open her doors to students in general learning, and in all respects maintain the dignified character of a college, is an attempt to reconcile inconsistencies and accomplish that which is impossible. On the truth of this remark it is that I have refused to consent that our institution be established in the village of Worthington. For though in so doing my own estate and lots in that vil- lage would be enhanced in usefulness to myself twice tAvo-fold compared with the benefit to be derived from it at a distance, yet the good of the institution, I trust, will evgr prevail over all considerations of private interests. "But two courses are before us: either to confine our Seminary to theo- logical candidates only, or, if we receive students in general science, to lay a foundation sufficiently strong and large to sustain the magnitude of the college which must be reared to do those students justice. In the former case, noth- ing more is necessary than to turn your attention to the deed of gift of my own estate, executed in London November 27, 1823, as the basis of all dona- tions. This both myself and family are willing to execute and carry into full eft'ect. In the latter case, the only thing presented worthy of your attention is the proposed platform in Knox County. Should this be prei'erred, I leave my peaceful retreat, and the trees planted and engrafted by my own hand, and unite mv destinv with that of our Seminary and College. AVith this institu- KENYON COLLEGE. lion (>r religion and learnin!>-, I am williiii;- lo rise or fall, to sufVer or prosper, ir (ind vouchsafe to bless, who sliall \v\ it ^ if lie shall frown, whci sliall not, acquiesce tliat knows his wisdom." Cbe 3tt5titntion *■ocatc^ at (5ambicr The Committee on the iocalioii of the Seminary made tiie lollowinj;- report, which was accepted : "The Committee to whom was referred that part of the Bishop's address which respects the site of the Theolofiical Seminary and Kenyon College, beg leave to rej^ort that they iiave had llie subject under consideration, and satis- factorily ascertained, from the information received from others and froTii the actual knowledge of the Committee, that the lands in Knox County condi- tionally purchased by the Bishop from AVilliam Hogg, of Brownsville, Penn- sylvania, afford an eligible site for the Seminary and College, and cond)ine advantages of greater magnitude than any oli'er that has been made, being situated near the center of the Diocese, in a healthy part of the country, wliich is rapidly im]3roving; the land watei-ed with good springs and perma- nt'ut streams, affording valuable null seats; well timbered, very fertile, abounding in stone and all the materials necessary lor bidlding. The Com- nuttee further ascertain that the contract with Mr. Hogg is made on very favorable terms, particularly as to price, leaving it possible to save the lands wanted for the site iVom the jiroceeds of the sale of the remainder. The Committee further report, thai a very considerable amount in money, lauds, materials for building, and laln-r has been subscribed, to be applied to the payment of the land and in erecting the necessary buildings, on condition that the Seminary and College l)e established thereon. Therefore, in full view of all these advantages, with gratitude to God that he has so signally helped us thus far, and with ardent prayers for the continuance of his blessing, the Committee recommend that the following resolutions be adopted: "Resolved., That this Convention do approve of the conditional contract made by the Rt. Rev. P. Chase, Bishop of the Diocese of Ohio, with Wm. Hogg, of Brownsville, Pennsylvania, for section 1, in township 6, and section 4, in townshi]) 7, and the 12th range of United States Military Land, contain- ing ea(di four thousand acres; and be it furtlier '"'' ResolvefL That the Theological Seminary of the Diocese of Ohio and Kenyon College be, and the same hereby is, forever established on such part of section 1, in township 6, in range 12, of the United States Military Land, as may be selected by the Trustees of said Seminary and College." Tlie two resolutions a])])(Mided lo this report were unanimouKli/ adopted bv the Convention. 2S KENYON COLLEGE. It is hardly necessary to state that Charles Hammond was not a member of this Diocesan Convention. His views on the one side were as unchanged as those of Bishop Chase on the other. Mr. Hammond simply relinqnished the iield, and Bishop Chase remained, for the time, in undisturbed possession thereof. Concerning this period, Mr. Hammond afterwards wrote, with evi- dent feeling (see Aydelotte's reply): ^^The Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio was no more heard of. Ivenyon College occupied the front ground in everything. The President and professors sunk the humble name of the Seminary and took up one more sonorous — the President and Pro- fessors OF Kenyon College ; and instead of directing the funds to the educa- tion of ministers of the Gospel, the Seminary was made one of general educa- tion, not one in twenty of the students contemplating taking orders." That Bishop Chase believed that the English donors shared his views is certain. On the 1st of April, 1826, he wrote to the Rev. Intrepid Morse: "If the Convention, through want of exertion, fail to agree on Knox County, ice shall have no college^ and I think the money collected in England will never come into this State; we shall have proved ourselves unworthy of such a benefit.'" On the 26th of May he again wrote to Dr. Morse : '"Nothing less than the object before us in Knox County should divert us from our humble theological school on my farm at Worthington. If the Lord will, no less than the whole south section should be cleared to us, or give up the plan, and with it all thought of a pttblic college. The public mind in this country, and especially in England, will be satisfied with nothing less than this. If we obtain it, there is a broad basis on which to build the superstructure of a great, extensive, and useful college, and with it promote the interests most eftectually of our theo- logical department. It will lift its head to the admiration of the Christian world. Thousands will give it aid, and ten thousands will pray for its success. The living will exert themselves in its favor, and the departing saints will bequeath it their substance." (Mss. letter in possession of Miss Chase.) In November, 1826, Bishop Chase attended a meeting of the General Convention in Philadelphia. He issued there a plea for tbo IPcst, Consisting of (1) an appeal in behalf of religion and learning in Ohio, AND (2) plan of Ivenyon College, Ohio. In this the Bishop declared that, " placed by the providence of God over a portion of the Christian community in Ohio, and feeling for their welfare, he deemed himself bound to do somethins for the common aood in trviuir to KENYON COLLEGE. 29 iciiu'ily (iiicl ])revent tliese dreadl'iil evils, ignorance and irreliff/'o/i. How was I his 1(1 lie eH'ectedi' To advise ids people to send (lieir sons into liie old settle- nicnls many iiiiudred miles away for tiieir education, literary or religious, would li.ixe lieeu to advise tiiem to impossihilities, or, in their straijihtened circumslani'es, to measures almost ruinous. To inntifute a senii/iari/ (if Icin'/i- ///f/, llu'i-clore, and place it on liie spot wlicre it was wanted, where \\\^' sii//.s of f/ic sail eowhA \k' eihictded, i\\ an ex])ensi' wilhin their reach, and in lialiils suiled lo their si)here ol' life, was as necessary as it was reasonable. i'>ul iiow lo rommence and whence to ilraw the means to begin so vast a work tiie (iod of heaven alone could tell. Under the weight ot this anxious inquiry, and humbly seeliing for direction and aid from aliove. the undersigned turned his attention towards the pious, eulighleued, and liberal mendiers of the dhurch of Kngland." Till' reason which he assigned for the justice of this appeal was Ijie fact llial, of the numlier of settlers in Ohio Icj whom he was appointed to miinster, a full third were I^ritish iiorn subjects. There was a ''■ literary and religious /(^/// ///('" in Ohio, and "it seemed but reasonable that their lirelhren in their own immediate parent country should bear a \kw\ in the benevolent work ol' allording them relief."' The appeal states urgeully the imperious necessity of obtaining the means to erect new buildings. "That the necessity may be undisputed, let ihe greatness of tlu' uiidert;dviug and (he smallness of the means hitherto ob- laiiuMJ be compared, and how (■iinspi<-uous (he disjiarity! What college was c\er reared with only thirty thousand dollars^ "Ten thousand dollars will, in the posture in which the Inisiness now stands, raise a college in Ohio, which shall disjiense the lilessings of education to millions of the future citizens of (his Kepublic.''' " Al this (ime," to quote again from the Rev. Dr. McElroy, "the Bishop exd'iided his visit east as far as Bangor, Maine, and was everywhere received and treated with the greatest respect and kindness. The Church ladies, particularly, everywhere became deeply interested in his great plans for the Church in the West, and formed " Kenyon Circles of Industry," from which streamlets of gold llowed for many a day to build Kenj'on College and cheer the pioneer Bishop in his great work at (bunbier.'' Qlbc Corner Stone Caying On the flth of June, 1S27, the corner-stone of the Seminary and College was laiil liy Bishop Chase with appropriate ceremonies. That corner-stone ran be seen to-dav in (he east division of ''Old Kenyon. 30 KENYON COLLEGE. Ctppeal for (Sooernment Gib In December, 1827, Bishop Chase addressed the Legislature of the State of Ohio. He insisted that there was danger of a cloud of moral darkness spread- ing over our country, unless school teachers were trained and multiplied. "Kenyon College," he said, ''now commended to your patronage to this end, is worthy of your regai'd. Having had the good of our country in view in the education of youth, its expenses are reduced beyond all former example and its government is kept free from every tendency to a sectarian spirit." The Legislature approved his plea, declaiing that the College promised to be ex- tensively useful to the citizens of Ohio and the adjoining States in promoting the interest of literature and science, and requesting the Ohio Senators and Representatives in Congress to use their exertions in aid and support of the application. Armed with this legislative approval. Bishop Chase went at once 1o AVashington. His memorial to the Congress of the United States began thus : •'The President of Kenyon College, in behalf of the Trustees thereof, humbly sheweth : That this institution has been duly incorporated by the Legislature of the State of Ohio. Its main design has been, by reducing the expenses of the students to an unexampled degree of cheapness, to extend the means of education to thousands who hitherto have been and otherwise must always be debarred from such a privilege, and thus to prevent the rising generations at the West from falling into ignorance as dishonorable as it is fatal to our free and happy government." The U. S. Senate passed a bill granting "to the Incorporated Institution of Kenyon College, Knox County, Ohio, for literary purposes, the quantity of one township of land." In the House of Representatives, however, " the tide of business long delayed was such that the cause of Kenyon College, which, by reason of its peaceful nature mingled not with the overwhelming tide of 23olitics, was put off till another year by the vote of a small majority." Bishop Chase was greatly disappointed by this failure at Washington, but not in despair. He issued at once a pamphlet entitled Clie Star in tl]? IDcst, or Kenyon (Eollege in tl^e IJear 1828 This appeal was urgent, and met with a generous response, so that "the wound occasioned by the late disappointment in Congress" was largely "healed by the hand of individual beneficence." Concerning the Seminary at this time, the Rev. Dr. Preston writes : (See Dr. Sparrow's Memorial, p. 41.) "I went to Worthington early in 1S2S to KENYON COLLEGE. 31 teac'li inatliematics, where I found Brothers Sparrow and Wing, and fifty or tiixty students, ahout half of tliem in college classes. There were no theolo- gical students, so IMr. Sparmw laniihl tlie classics in the College.'" (Transfer of the (Enalish ^un^s to (Dl^xo At a meeting of the Board of Trustees, held June 9, 1826, it was '' /.'esolved. That the President of this Board, the Hon. H. Clay, and B. ^\'(■lls he a committee witJi full aiiliiority to cause to he made a transfer of liie Iniids (if the Institution, now in England, at such time and in such manner as llicy tiiiniv ])roiier and tiial I lie order for said transfer be signed hy the said II. Clay ;ind H. AVells, and countersigned hy the President of this Board, and thai sjiid committee has authority to ai>])oint sucli agent or agents as they may lliink proper to effect said transfer, and the reinvestment of the same in such American stocks as they may deem for the intei'est of said Institution." At a meeting held on the Ittii of June, 1827, it was "" IicsoJreih That the committee in whose name the moneys received as iliinalinns to the Seminary are deposited in the Bank of the United States, he authorized to withdraw the same from said Bank, and to apply so much (hereof as may he necessary to make full payment of the consideration money 1(1 Mr. Hogg for the two sections of land jmrchased from him for the use of till' Seminary." The amount of money actually paid to Mr. Hogg (including interest) for the eight thousand acres of land was, March 6, 1826, $2,2.50; September 20, IS27, ^ 17,206.87. making in all, si? li>,41J6.87. Heittoixil of tl]c 3nstitutton to (Bambicr This was efl'ected in the fall of 1828, with some sixty students. A resolu- tion of the Trustees at this time formally fixed the salary of the President at eight hundred dollars, with a house, fuel, candles, and provisions for himself and family, groceries excepted. The Annual Diocesan Convention of 1827 was held "in Mt. Vernon and ( Jambier." That of 1828 was held at " Kenyon College in Gambier." That of 182!) was also held "in Kenyon College, Camliier.'" Before this Convention of 1S29, Bishop Chase said: "Our number of students is now nearly ninety, six of whom this Com- meucenuMil receive their degrees of A. B., besides several who, in the inter- uu'diale time, have lieen qualified as teachers, now so much wanted in our Common Schools." He then stated the olyect of Kenyon College. " It is to cherish an insti- tntion of Christian education at a rate of unexampled cheapness, bringing KENYON COLLEGE. science with all its blessings, witbia the reach of thousands and tens of thou- sands of persons who, by reason of their straightened circumstances, must forever remain in comparative ignorance. It is to teach the- children of the poor to become school-master s^ to instruct the common schools throughout the vast valley of the Mississippi. It is to teach the children of the poor to rise by their wisdom and merit into stations hitherto occupied by the rich; to fill our pulpits; to sit in our Senate Chambers, and on onr seats of justice, and" to secure in the best possible way the liberties of our country. * * * " Ignorance in the many, and art, cunning, and ambition in the few, will soon find a tomb for the freedom of our country. We^must furnish our own teachers, and, blessed be God, on the plan we have instituted, we have the means to do it. Having reduced the expenses to a scale of cheapness scarcely exceeding that of the most economical family in private life, we can command any number of sl.;dents we are able to accommodate. Give us our buildings, and we will supply your schools with teachers. Enable us to complete our buildings according to our original plan, and our youns; men graduated in this Seminary Avill exceed two hundred " Cbe (£onrcntion of ^850 The Convention of 1830 also met in Gambler. The Bishop told the story of another visit to Washington, and of another appeal to Congress, which had again resulted in failure. He told also the sad story of his disappointment in the English mission of the Rev. George Montgomery West. Mr. West had come to liim from abroad, recommended by some of his English friends, and had been ordained by him both Deacon and Priest, and then sent back to England to seek further aid for Ivenyon College. Great expectations were created, which were not fulfilled. ]More than this. This man West, because -the Bishop's hands were laid upon him in Wessing at a certain valedictory moment, claimed that he had been consecrated a Bishop, and, upon his return to Ohio, " modestly asked the Bishop if he might hope to succeed him in the Episcopate, and whether he would have liis inlluence to that eft'ect." Dr. Sparrow writes: "You may judge of the scene; my pen fails me. *■ Steferunt comce, vox faucihus /tiesit.' The conclusion is, Mr. West is gone, most probably never to return." Mr. West went at once to New York, where he was for a time busily engaged in doing injury to Bishop Chase and his Ohio work. Under date of December 23, 1830, the Rev. Dr. Milnor, Rector of St. George's Church, N. Y., wrote to the Bishop, telling him of Mr. West's oppo- sition and its harmful effect, and saying also : " Whatever may be thought of his absurd claims to the olHce of a Bishop, which I do not believe he or his GI';uR(;i':, lord KKXVIJN. ^See page 309.) KENYON C0LLE(;E. 3,3 iViends will much loiiiier involve themselves in the nonsense of asserting, yet your numerous and warmly attached friends in England and in the United States, who are contributors to your great object, will expect that Mr. West's strong asseverations in regard to inismanagement, misapplication^ etc., wliich he has supported so jjlausibly as to be believed by several of tiie subscribei's to the professorship which bears my name, should be rebutted by a most can- did and well authenticated statement of actual facts. Rumors are afloat throughout this city, originating with Mr. West and his adherents, that moneys contributed for one object have been applied to another; that there has been excessive prodigality of exjtenditure, that a<'couMts have been very irregularly kept; that none know, in fact, tlie actual state of the finances of the College but yourself; and that, Irom your unacquaintauce with accounts, or the multi- plicity of your engagements, or carelessness in your pecuniary concerns, or (as some are unkind enough to insinuate) witii a view to private emolument, the benevolence of the pulilic is likely to be of little advantage to religion and learning in Ohio. You will not doubt that these things are stated by me, not as having impressed my mind, as I know they have the minds of others, with a belief in their truth, but as furnishing very cogent arguments for early ;uid lucid explanation of the whole progress of the work under your care, so as to disabuse the puldic mind and show the falsehood of the statements which your enemies have made on these and other points of a similar kind." Thus was called forth i^isbop Chase's Defence Ctgainst the 5Ian^el•s of the Her. 05. IW. IDcst This is a very interesting document of seventy-two pages, giving detailed information concerning (1) the Farms, (2) Saw-mill, Grist-mill, Dam and Race, (3) Miller's House, (4) Student's Houses, (5) The Hotel, (6) The Hotel Stable, (7) Carpenter's and Shoemaker's Shops, (8) Dairyman's House, (9) Cow Stable, (10) Stock Yard, Threshing Floor, Granary, Ox Shed, and Board Fence, (11) The Old Dining Hall. (12) Water for the College Hill, (13) The Printing Office, (14) College Stable, (15) Professor's House, (16) College Kitchen, (17) The Buildings of Plewn Logs, (18) The Cabins on the College Premises, (lit) Cascu, (20) Hermitage, (21) Kenyon College Grammar School, (22) College Building, (23) Rosse Ciiapel. (24) The Question of Hiring by Contract or the Month. The assets of the Institution embi-aced property of all kinds — buildings, permanent and temporary, furniture of all sorts, oxen, cows, horses, sheep, wagons, tools, besides the contents of the mills and shops and stores. The tiotel was a source of revenue ; so were the- shops and the village store. A document is appended, giving a report of a committee of the Trustees, com- 34 KEN YON COLLEGE. mending the Bishop, stating that " he has at one and the same time acted in the capacity of Bishop of this diocese, President of a religious and literary Institution, architect, mechanic, and farmer, as well as discharged the com- plex and multifarious duties of general agent, treasurer, and superintendent of a great and extensive establishment; and that in the performance of his various functions he has uniformly acted with a single eye to the glory of God, the advancement of religion, and the prosperity of the Institution committed to his charge." The "gigantic plans" of the heroic Bishop of course brought perplexities. He was misled by the statements of Mr. West as to gifts promised in England, and so went On with "his plans of extended usefulness." In his extremity his only recourse was to " loans from private friends." Embarassment came, and with it serious internal discord. The Bishop issued a circular letter explain- ing and defending his position. To this a reply was published, signed by "The Professors of Kenyon College." Bisl]op (£l]ase's Hesignation The matter was brought by the Bishop before the Annual Convention, which met in Gambler on the 7tii of September, 1831. The Bishop's address was chiefly occupied with a statement of his view of the questions in dispute. He was suffering from a wounded leg, and in his crippled condition was neces- sarily absent from most of the sessions of the Convention, groaning with pain of body and anguish of mind. The committee to whom the matter was referred i-eported that there was an irreconcilable difference between the Bishop and the Convention, and, on this ground, the resignation of the Bishop was accepted, and the Rev. Charles P. Mcllvaine was elected his successor. The position taken by the committee was that " they believed it a matter of principle founded in the Constitution, and in accordance with the spirit of the age that the will of no one individual should be the rule of conduct for all others connected with the College ; that whatever might have been the inten- tion in founding and carrying on a Theological Seminary alone, that intention is lost and merged in the Constitution and acts of incorjioration, ratified and adopted in relation to the Seminary and College." The committee reported' Bishoj) Chase'' s position to he " that it was a matter of conscience and princi- ple with him to assert his Episcopal authority in his character of President, and that he ought not to and would not yield the position that he, as such, had the right to assert and exercise his discretionary authority and will in contra- vention of and in opposition to any limitation of the same by the Board of Trustees." The position really taken hy the Bishop was that the Constitu- tion had put into his hands "a discretionary power couched in these words — Kp]NYON COLLEGE. 35 the Bishoi) shall have the immediate charge and superintendence of the Sem- Iniirijr "Of the use and abuse of this," he said, "I maintain that the Trustees alone are the constitutional judges. So that tiie giving to the teachers a right to make and administer laws by a majon't;/ of voices in opposition to the Bishop, is no less than taking IVoni Iiim h\>. conslitulional riglil, wiiich lie is bound to maintain." The Bishop soon betook liimsell' to a cabin in the woods and wrote some veliement letters from the " Valley of Peace." In these letters he said that his enemies on Gambler Hill wanted to make Kenyon College like other col- leges, to whicli he was unalterably opposed. He also said that the institution , which he founded at Gambler was a Theolof/ical Seminary; that the College had no being but as it was a Theological Seminary acting as a college in con- ferring degrees. " .111 my proceedings," lie said, " in relation to the institution were based on the desire of .ounding a Theological Seminary. For this I endured obloquy at home and opposition abroad. The Theological Seminary. and that alone, was contemplated, covenanted for and established." His positions, as taken in iiis piililished letter to Bishop Mcllvaine were (Rem. •_>. p. KiO): 1. That the institution founded 011 (fainliier Hill was a Theological Sem- iiKiry, and that only. '2. That the same never could he changed by any man or body of men without forfeiting its charter. ;i That this has been done by (he elective branch of the corporation itself in the unanimous acceptance of the report of Messrs. Aydelott and King, declaring the very intention of carrying on a Theological Seminary alone lost and merged in an ideal something which has no corporation. "From these premises," he adds, " I maintain that the Institution which 1 Ibiiiuled is defunct." By this language did Bishop Chase mean to be understood as saying that (he Institution which he founded at (Jambier was a Theological Seminary, and that only, as wc in these days omniiinly iniderstand and use that term? Unquestionably not. for he knew lull well that during all the years of his res- idence at Worthington and at Cfambier, in the words of Bishop Mcllvaine, "there had been no course of study for theological students organized^ In his old age the good Bishop precisely e.xplained his meaning when he said, " Being the founder, and knowing the minds of the English contributors, he believed he had the right to say what kind of an Institution it should be — whether one similar to that chartered since by Illinois Legislature to Jubilee College, or, on the contrai-y. one of a coniinon character and governed ac- cordina'lv." 36 KENYON COLLEGE. For an exact idea of what Bishop Chase meant by a Theological Seminary we turn, then, to the charter of Jubilee College. (Rem. 2, p. 251-2) The Institution is declared to consist, 1st, of a Theological department; 2d, the Col- lege proper ; 3d, a Classical preparatory school ; 4th, a Female Seminary. The Bishop was to he ex-officio President of the Institution, and President of the Board of Trustees. There might be a Vice President, provided he be a Pres- byter appointed by the Bishop. The Bishop was to nominate all the Trustees, and all the Professors, and teachers, and other officers. The Trustees might make by-laws for their own government and the government ol' the Profes- sors, teachers, and students, but these must be approved by the Bishop. The Bishop might remove all tutors and other officers, except the theological and collegiate Professors and the Principal of the Female Seminary. The dismissal of any one of these required the concurrence of the majority of the Trustees. Provided these powers were held by the Bishop, the Institution, consist- ing of a girls' school, a boys' school, a college, and a theological department, taken together, constituted a Theological Seminary. Just so there was a Theological Seminary at Gambler, consisting of a Junior and Senior preparatory school, a college, and a theological department (in posse), so long as the Bishop remained in undisputed authority at the head of affairs, not only as President of the Institution, hut as Bishop in im- mediate charge and superintendence. But when his authority was questioned and the Diocesan Convention took sides with the " Professors of Kenyon Col- lege " against him, and accepted his resignation, then the Institution founded by him suddenly became defunct. Defunct! Why? The schools went on as usual. There was no giving up of any established department. But there had been a change in the mat- ter of the relation of the . Bishop to the Institution. He tells us explicitly that he resigned his position because the Convention " declared the govern- ment and mode of discipline of the Seminary to be entirely changed, consider- ing it as a literary institution to be governed as such usually are, and not as a Theological Seminary with collegiate powers annexed, to he forever connected with the Church through the Bishop.'' (See "A Few Plain Questions An- swered by Bishop Chase, A.D. 1848.") The difference in Bishop Chase's mind between a theological seminary and an ordinary college was not the difference between a professional school and one leading up thereto. It was not a differ- ence in instruction or studies, but a difference in government. The fundamental conception of a Diocesan " Theological Seminary " with him required that the Bishop should be its head. " It is as the blaze of day," he said, " on the face of the whole transaction of founding the Theological Seminary that the Bishop of the Diocese should have the immediate superintendence thereof. Without this proviso, there would have been no Institution." (Rem., Vol. 2, p. 126.) KENYON COLLEGE. gj Hcitinv c^n^ purpose of the rsnstitution at (Bambier 'I'll.- question of tlie nature and purpose of the Institution for the educa- tion of younii- men, which Bisliop Cliase established at Gainl)ier, was l)rouglit before the Board of Trustees at a meeting held at Gambier June 23, 1885. The subject was referred to a committee for careful consideration and study. Bishop Bedell, the President of tiie Board, appointed the following as the committee : Rev. Dr. Burr, Hon. Golumbus Delano, and Hon. M. M. Granger, and, l)y unanimous consent of the Board, added to the committee Hon. Rufus King. On the Uth of January, 188(!, the Board met at Golumbus. when Rev. Dr. IJiiiT, I'roni the committee, made tlie following report : ••Your committee have had the subject committed to them, under very carefid consideration; they have e.\amined the papers submitted respectively by Doctors James and Tappan. and beg leave to report as follows : "As a preliminary they would state that they do not deem it expedient to enter into minute details (,f the sul)ject; as such details, witli reasons and arguments in full for the c(,uclusi„n. to wliich they have come, would require a more voluminous report than llial c(,rlemplale(l, as thev conceive, by the Board. "The Theological Seminary of I he Diocese of Ohio was estaldished chielly for the purpose of educating men tor the ministry of tlie Protestant P:piscopal Churcli. This fact is not questioned by any. " It is probable that the original founder. Bishop CHiase, when he went to England to solicit funds for this purpose, had in Ids mind only what he teriued in his circular to the Bishops, 'a htimble school,' or, as lie expressed his mind lo Bishop White, 'It is understood that the institution is to be under the im- mediate care of the Bishop, for the time being, or his substitute, assisted by two (,r more professors of sacred learning, and a grammar school teacher.' Hut such large success attended his application in England that his views seem thereby to have been greatly enlarged. He would have means for a much broader foundation than he at first contemplated. When he returned t(> his Diocese the idea of a college with a full course of study had grown into Ills mind. Less than eight montlis after his return he holds this significant language to his convention asseudded at Zanesville, June 1, 1825. 'It is un.lerstood Ihut our Seminary is to go into operation in the house and on the Jilacc of my ])rcsenl residence near Worthington, immediately after the risiuii "I' Ihc ], resent convention. Here the Seminary in all its branches, from the gramniiir s,dio.,l Ihrougli all the course of collegiate instruction to those of theology, ;is re(| Hired by (lur canons, might proceed.' * * * * 38 KENYON COLLEGE. '• This, as your committee think, sets at rest the question as to what was in the mind of tlie founders of the Seminary at that early period. Did their views accord with those of the English donors and the conditions on which the donations were madei* This question is also set at rest by the next paragraph but one, of the same address, in which the Bishoj) makes this emphatic declaration: "If I were to judge in tliis matter by my present feelings, and if it were proper to express them liere, I should be compelled to declare my great dislike to the confining of our views within the contracted sphere marked out by some for a city seminary. And that both my feelings and my } judgment accord with the expressed opinion of benefactors in England. I myself am witness, and here do testify.' " The institution, then, Avith the unanimous sanction of the Convention of Ohio, was founded and went forwaixl in accordance with this plan. Right or wrong, as to jjrinciple and expediencj^, it grew up and has continued to the ; present time with its several departments — Preparatory, Collegiate, and i Theological. It may be tliat at times one branch has received more attention and absorbed more of the means at hand than its just proportion. It would be strange if no mistakes had been made in this and other respects. In the great scarcity of means to meet pressing demands and keep up the several branches ol' tlie institution, it is likely that funds have been used (temporarily at least) for one purpose that were designed for another. The excuse for this must l)e souglit in the fact that the several branches of the institution have all along been regarded as constituting one united whole, in law and in fact , one, in government one, in purpose entirely one. And hence, that the in- \ tei'est of one branch involved, to a greater or less degree, the interest and welfare of the others ; that if one member suffered, all the members would suffer with it. And this, your committee think, indicates the relations which the several departments were to liave and to bear to each other. " Primarily and suljstantially their aims are one — to prepare men tor the ministry of t-lie Church. However much the College may have occupied public attention, the authorities of the institution, it is believed, have always re- garded this (education for the ministry) as the paramount design, and have always had that design chiefly in view. At the same time they have not over- looked a subordinate purpose, viz.: general education. The college, wliile preparing students for the seminary proper, could at the same time and with- out the least detriment to the chief design, prepare them for other purposes and pursuits. It could educate the sons of Episcopalians (not necessarily in- tended for the ministry) under influences favorable to the Church, in which they had been baptized and nurtured; and in the hope that some, perhaps many, might, under such influences, have tlieir minds turned to the sacred calling. And such a result has been realized to a considerable, if not to a KENYON COLLEGE. 39 liilly satisfactory, extent. The number of those wlio have entered our semi- nary from the college does not show that result in its fullest extent. Many have gone to other seminaries for their divinity studies, some at once, and others from influences which they came under at our college, and which were at k'ngtli operative and decisive upon their minds. • Others still, and not a few ol' those not reared in tiie Episcopal Church, have, while in our college, so k-ai-ned to appreciate and love its doctrines, worship, and ways, that they liave. in consequence, l)ec()me useful and in many instances distinguished members of its fold. ■• The relations tlien subsisting between the several departments of our instiiution are those of members of one and the same body. As such they are close and intimate. These members are actually dejjendent upon each otlier. They are intended to subserve one general purpose. They must, in alfecting or failing of this purpose, stand or fall together. The preparatory (K-partment, so called, must supply the college, and to that end must be well sustained. The college (which in its general purpose is but another prepara- tory department) must supply the seminary and should, therefore, be vigor- ously supported. The semimiry must supply the Church with able and well- equijjped ministers, and as this is the paramount design of all, its efficiency to the fullest extent possible should command the most unremitting exertion and care. •'In the spirit of tliis relationship the Trustees should exert a rigid and paternal regard for each department. All depends primarily on their faithful and vigilant guardianship. Tlie professors and instructors of every grade should cheerfully and heartily co-operate in all measures aftecting the general welfare; holding themselves in readiness to take work in any department (though not peculiarly their own), so far as their time and qualifications will permit and exigencies may require. "All of wliich is respectfully submitted. "ERASTUS BFKK C. DELANO, M. M. GRANGER, CoDtniitfee.''' " ]\Ir. King was not present at the meeting of the committee.'' lliiantmous itction of the 3oal•^ of (Erustocs "After hearing tiie report, the Board adjourned until evening, when llie following resolutions, offered by Mr. Delano, were unanimously adopted: '"First. Resolred^i That the several institutions at Gambler, known as tlie tirammar School, Kenyon College, and Seminary, are in law and in fact one. all being embraced in the corporation denominated 'The Theological Semi- 40 KEN YON COLLEGE. nary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio.' That Bishop Chase, the founder, intended to establish an institution for the education of young men for the ministry, and deemed it advisable and necessary, in order to train and prepare men for the ministry, to furnish them with a liberal edu- cation, and this intent was fully made known to, and approved by, the English donors before they permitted their donations to come to this country. . ''^Second. Resolved, That it was also the purpose and intent of Bishop Chase, in founding the Seminary, to afford opportunities for a general educa- tion for all professions, as well as to prepare those who desired or intended to adopt the ministry as a profession. ^^ Third. Resolved, That, in order to carry out the purpose of the founder, it is necessary that all three departments of the Seminary receive support and encouragement from the Trustees and Faculties having the same in charge. '"''Fourth. Resolved, That this Board approves and adopts the conclusions to which the Committee appointed to inquire into the relations of the several departments at Gambler have arrived, and the Board directs that the report of said Committee, with a statement, to be prepared by it, of the facts upon which it is based, and these resolutions be printed and circulated under the direction of the Secretary of the Board." 3ll^gc (Braitcjer's (£onbeitseb Statement of ^acts In pursuance of the foregoing resolutions, Hon. M! M. Granger, LL. D., at the request of the other members of the Committee, prepared and submitted the following summary of facts, upon which their report was based : " It is very plain that the English donations made to Bishop Chase on his first visit to England were intended l)y the donors for a Theological Seminary to be established bj' him in Ohio. " The words ' Theological Seminary,' «.« understood at that time hy those English donors, describe the institution for which those funds might lawfully be expended. "On January 7, 1824-, a meeting of London clergy, called to sanction and further Bishop Chase's application, — " ^Resolved, That appropriate and adequate provision for the supply of the spiritual wants of the said Diocese requires the establishment of an insti- tution on the spot, in which natives of the country may be trained for the ministry at an expense within their reacli, and in habits suited to the sphere of their labors.'" (Chase Rem., 281.) " TJie English Trustees of the fund were Lords Kenyon and Gambler and Messrs. George Gaskin and Ileurv Hoare. KENYON COLLEGE. 41 "• Lord (iambier, in his letter to Bishop Cliase, called the institution a 'college'; see Chase Rem., p. 248, "the proposed colleiie"; II).. j). 488, 'the college.' The Bishop of London, in a letter (|iiotcHl hy Lord Kciivdu (Ih., 41)0), called it 'Bishop Chase's Establishment.' SiK'h ([uotations can be miilli- plied; they show that the English donors were not accustomed to llie words ' Tiieological Seminary.' They were not thinking of a school limited to divinity students alone. They did tliinlv of an institution in wliicli candidates lor the ministry could be educated. "Tliey knew that Ohio was then c WiU. JAMES, LORD GAMBIER, ADMIRAI, OF THE HLFE. (See page 313.) ii KENYON C0LLE(;E. 49 £lI]c Special donrontioii of 1842 Tliis C'ouventioii was held in A'ewark, on the 2!tth of Deeemher. In Iiis call, Bishojj Mcllvaine said: "Our Diocesan institution at Gambier has, you wt'll know, been greatly embarassed with pecuniary difficulties Irom its earli- est history. These difficulties have now reached a crisis for which the Trus- tees have no means of jiroviding. In a short time, a large amount of debt must be disposed of, or a ruinous sacrilice of property must ensue. The insti- lulion is possessed ol' a trad of funr lliousaud acres of land, in the center of wiiich its buildings stand, and which was annexed to it as an endowment. S/i(tll the presvnt crisis be met by a sale of llui.t I a nil, or of an// pari thereof V^ The Bishop's address contained a full statement of the case. After much consideration, it was resolved by the Oonvention — "(1.) That the Rt. Eev., the Bishop of this Diocese be requested to midvc an etlbrt, in such manner as he may deem expedient, to procure pecuni- ary aid, by (hniation or loan, to relieve the institution at (Tambier from its l^resent eml)arrassnients. "(2.) That, in the opinion of this ('onventiou, it will be expedient and necessai-y for the Board of Trustees to sell the lands of the institution at Gam- bier whenever it is ascertained that efforts to raise funds by loans and dona- tions are found to be unavailing, and not liefore; jjrovided, that such portions be sold and in such mode and to such persons as may least contiict with the preservation of good morals in the vicinity of tlie institution." Bishop 2nc3Ii\iiTie'5 ^Earnest IPorb The Bishop went forth, iiearing his burden, entreating tor help. He called his plea "an earnest word." (See Sjiirit of Missions, August, 1843.) Looking back, he said that, " in order to obtain the benefit of a retired posi- tion, a large protective endowment of land, which, while affording a liarrier against injurious neighborhood, should have much growth to make in value, and tiius ultimately enhance the means of the institution, it was necessary to establish it on new ground, where no facilities were already furnished. Hence, where its buildings and its village and farms are now seen, there was only a forest without population when the institution was commenced. Had it been eret'ted in a town, there would have l)een no need of all the expendi- ture which has been required for the erection of a church, of professors' houses, ot' store houses, of farm-houses, and accommodations for all the people and (radcs which such an establislinieni i-e([uired. besides all the liuildings 50 KENYON COLLE(iE. exclusively appropriated to education in its several branches — preparatory, undergraduate, and theological. None of these could be expected of those who were to use them, because they must all be on the lands of the corpora- tion, and every inhabitant a tenant at will. Hence, the peculiar plan of the institution in regard to locality, however important, was of necessity more than usually expensive in its immediate demands." Looking on, he said: "Tlie buildings owned by the institution are of no use for the payment of debt. They are worth nothing but for a college. We must keep them or perish. "Eastern colleges have large endowments or annual grants from the States for the support of instructors. We have nothing but our land. The sale of the land would be the death of the institution. Here, then, is Church pi-operty, valued at between $16.5,000 and $185,000, certain of being lost to the Church, to the cause of Christian education, the cause of tlie Gospel, if the friends of religion and learning do not come to its rescue. Nothing can be done by loan, because interest could not be paid. There is no shadotv of hope but in the raising of the debt of $30,000 by donation. This is the precise state of the case — alarming, painful, and, to me, most oppressive. Have compas- sion upon us, brethren ! Think on us for good, and make speed to help us ! " We should like to c[uote tlie whole of this earnest, burning plea. We wonder not tliat it was successful, and that the needed money was raised. Clscension fjall, anb Hen? profcssorsl^ips "About the year 1855" (see Dr. Bronson's Memento), "It became evident that increased accommodations would soon be needed for college students. This was deemed a just ground of application for friendly aid from abroad. With the demand for more room also arose a demand for an increase of pro- fessors. To obtain such aid, and meet these demands. Bishop Mcllvainc issued the following statement and appeal in behalf of Kenyon College : " Bishop McHvaine solicits the kind attention of his friends, and of all ' j who desire the extension of our Church in the West, to the following respect- ' : Jul appeal and statement. It is in behalf of Kenyon College, situated at Gam- bier, Ohio, under Trustees appointed by the Convention of that Diocese, and devoted to the promotion of Christian education, and more especially to that of candidates for the ministry in tlie Episcopal Church. For convenience, we here speak of the College and connected Theological Seminary, both of them at Gambler, and essentially united under the same trustees and corporation, under the one name of Kenyon College, because, altliough the corporate name is 'Theological Seminary of the Diocese of Ohio,' the other is the name most familiar to the public. It is not to deliver this institution from debt that aid ICENYON COLLEGE. 51 is now soiiiilit. There is no debt. But (here is an unprecedented i)i"Osperity, and iience arises the present necessity. Tiie present accommodations are so occupied witli students that there is i"oom for only a very few more. The nundier of midci'qrcuJvntes is between one hundred and forty and one hundred and lilty. It is a remarkable and cheering' fail, that of that number sewwi//- sci'cn are communicants, forty of whom are preparing to enter, when they graduate, on theological study for the ministry, while there is reason to expect that of the remainder many will make up their minds in the same direction. Ill these times of need as to laborers in (Jod's vineyard, how encouraging and important these facts. "Never before has Kcn\(iii ('ollege liccn the olijcct of so much attention Kasl and West as an institution to be relied u))iin by mcndiers of our (Jhurch for the education of tlicir sons. Never has there been so strong and wide a i'eeling among (dergy and laity that Kenyon Cidlege, iiowever local and I)io- c(>san as to its control, is National as to its importance and the usefulness to lie expected from it, and the interest that should center upon it. * * * "Then what does Kenyon need i' We answer: Means of Enlargi'tncnt. Ill what ' "First — In the number of its professorshiiis. It needs endowment for two professorships: one in the Theological Department, the other in the Un- dergraduate Course. "Secondly — Enlargement //; /(«//r///((/.s. * * * "Thirdly — Enlargement as to means of in.sfrnctlon. Suitalde apparatus for instruction in Chemistry, in Natural Philosojihy, and other departments of jdiysical sciences, is absolutely needed. "Fourthly — The means of providing residences for two prol'essors " * * This ajipeal met with a most generous response. i^ishop i^o^cI^i. Successful pleas for (5ainbier In 1S()4 Bishop Bedell began an earnest eti'ort to raise two hundred thousand dollars for the development of the Church's work in education at (iambier. His friends rallied to his support, and he was very successful. The elfort began in Ciiiciiinati with the publication of the following document : "Diocese oe Ohio, Cincinnati. May 7, 1864. "The Institutions at (iambier were founded by Bishop Chase, and perma- nently established by Bishop Mcllvaine. During forty years they have received contributions to the amount of $23.5.000; of this sum Ohio has con- tributed :ibout !|!'_'0,flO(). Three years ago a committee of laymen, considered 52 KENYON COLLEGE. competent judges, estimated the property, in l)uildings, lands, and vested funds, as worth )ii2S2,i)S0. Under careful management the property has in- creased !)! 47,000 beyond the sum contributed. The vested funds, included above, amount to $92,000, yielding an income of a little more than 6 per cent. All the investments are subject to the approval of J. W. Andrews, of Colum- bus, Judge Hurd, of Mt. Vernon, and Kent Jarvis, of Massillon, a committee of the Trustees. The general management is confided by the convention to the Bjshops and a Boai-d of twelve Trustees, six of whom are laymen. With these means gradually accumulated and wisely husbanded, the Trustees have been carrying ibrward the purpose of tliese institutions, under a constant blessing from God. " The three departments, Theological Seminary, Kenyon College, and Grammar School, are well officered, and furnish thorough training. " But the need is felt for a still larger and more lil)eral education. We ought to furnish attractions and facilities for study in all departments of academical and scientific learning; keeping j^ace witli the rapid advance of our State in intellectual culture, preparing men for the highest walks of business and professional life, and laying a broad foundation for a highly cul- vated ministry. "The West demands sucli an institution; it is in tlie power of our Church to furnish it; we should appreciate the pi-ivileges of taking the lead in so nol^le a work, and we enter upon it with peculiar advantage, since we build upon a Ibundation already liberally laid. " We need a much greater endowment, and funds for developing the cab- inets and apparatus, and for rendering the library (at present mainly theolog- ical) more general. For these purposes it is proposed to raise $ 200,000. The first effort is to be made in Cincinnati. '• Feeling deeply its importance to the cause of sound education under tlie influence of religion, to the welfare of our State, and to the prosperity of our beloved Church, I rejoice that a committee of earnest friends of Gambler, have undertaken to present the subject in this city. Their names will be a guarantee that the project is discreet and promises success. I commend their appeal to your enlightened considei-ation, and I pray God, for the glory of Christ, to awaken a large-hearted liberality in Cincinnati toward these institutions. "Respectfully, q_ -y BEDELL "Assistant Bishop}-" " Cincinnati, May 6, 1864. " We have carefully examined the list of present investments of the funds of Kenyon College, which (independent of the lands and buildings appraised at $2-3.5,000) amount at par to $92,400; and we find that tliese KENYON COLLEGE. 53 investments have been judiciously made. In our judiiinent and within our knowledge, we would state, tiiat so large an amount has rarely if ever been invested in the same period witii so little loss. •• ^\'e lurther state, that the management of the finances of Kenyon Co\- lege is intrusted to a committee of three gentlemen, whose experience and prudence entitle the friends of tlie insiiiution to feel the most entire and ])erfect confidence in the safe and judicious administration of the funds now sought to be raised for the full endowment of the College and its Professor- >^liil>^- "LARZ ANDERSON, S. S. L'HOMMEDIEU, ''RUFUS KIN(i, (J. TAYLOR, "E. T. OAKSOX, HENRY PROBASCO." The ellbri was continued in Philadelphia, New York, and Boston with most satisfactory results. The statement most frecpiently used was a written statement in the following words: •■ 1 aslv leave to lay before you a statement concerning a sul)ject in wiiich I think yon will be interested as one who desires the highest progress of tiie West, and as an Episcopalian; and in which I, as one of the Bishops of Oiiio, iiiiturally feel a deep concern. "As a In'ief preface to what I want to say, alhiw me to sketch the "'history of Till-: gajiuier institutions. " Al)out 45 years ago Bishop Chase obtained funds in England with which lie purchased 8,000 acres of land for an endowment of Episcopal schools in Oluo. Subsequently he erected Kenyon Hall. Ten years later the Trustees determined to sell a portion of the land in order to improve the remainder, and, indeed, to save the existence of the College. Their policy was successful. Tiie remainder of the land increased in value, and the College was saved. l!ut the aged Bishop left the Diocese. " Bishop Mcllvaine succeeded him, and built Rosse Chapel ; also Bexley Hall for theological students. Subsequently he built Ascension Hall lor the College, mainly by contributions of members of Ascension Church, New York. Houses were also completed for the Professors, and Milnor Hall to accommo- date the Grammar School. " By these various efibrts sutficient buildings were provided for students' rooms, lecture rooms, etc., for the three departments. Theological, T'repara- tory. and the College. "Other lands were sold, and occasional donations received. Whatever was not immediately needed for buildings was carefully invested, giving us a fund which yields interest at (i per cent, on .1;100,000. •• Before the war the average number of students in the College was 1'20. During the war about (JO left the College, either to volunteer, oi- to take tiie 54 KEN YON COLLEGE, IDlace of elder brothers who had volunteered. Our late President Andrews was the first to raise a company in this State, and it has often been said by Governor Dennison that his energy, patriotism, and decision did much to fix the position of Ohio in the crisis. He became colonel of the Fourth Ohio Volunteers, and lost his life as the result of the Western Virginia campaigns. Wants. To instruct these young men in all the departments we employ four theological professors, five college professors, a principal and tutors at the Grammar School. The cost is far beyond the income of our fund, viz : $6,000. We are therefore obliged to charge comparatively high tuition fees, viz : $ 45. "But it is desirable to bring a thorough education within the reach of all who desire it. We aim, therefore, to reduce the College fees. For this pur- pose, as well as to secure the independence of the faculty in exercising disci- pline it is necessary that every professorship should be endowed. Twenty-five thousand dollars is the least endowment which will support a Professor. " But in order that our Church should exercise its rightful influence as a leader in Western education our Institution must be prepared to give instruc- tion in- all branches of complete culture. We need, therefore, to add a Pro- fessor of English Literature and Belles-lettres, and a Professor of Modern Languages who will teach Engineering. We also need to divide the over- crowded chair of Natural Philosophy, for Chemistry ought to l)e taught practically, especially in its relations to agriculture, and Geology in its re- tions to mining. "Besides these we need: " ]. A practical chemical laboratory, where students may study by prac- tice, as they are enabled to do at Yale, Harvard, Williams, University of Michigan, and elsewhere. This will cost $25,000. " 2. A college library. We have a good theological library of 7,000 volumes, ])ut none for tlie College. A fund, the interest of which shall be expended annually, will he of far greater value to us than a similar sum expended in one year. If we might expend .$1,000 or $2,000 every year, the books would., be more judiciously selected, and the library be exceedingly valuable. "We have no library building; no building for our valuable mineralogical cabinet; no suitable observatory. " Without all these appliances no college can be considered in good work- ing order, nor can possibly take a commanding position. Two hundred thousand dollars will barely supply these needs, and yet we must be prepared at every point if we, as Episcopalians, are to be privileged to stamp the forming mind of the West with a high culture, and for God. ■' Progress. Towards this sum we have already received a large sub- scription, as appears l)y the accompanying list. KENYON COLLEGE. 55 "The object has been to complete endowments previously commenced, and next to obtain new endowments. ''After thus providing for etticient and a tinished instruction, we desire to obtain a library, practical laboratory, and necessary buildings. "The object is so large that we can apply only to those who have large means, and the appeal can be successful only with those who take broad views of the importance of a finished education for directing the Western mind, and who appreciate the mission of our Church as a leader, and its privilege as thus impressing youths. All these young men ai'e brought directly under the in- lluence of religious teaching and under the guidance of our Church. Nor can I conceive of any more promising method of spreading and confirming Episcopacy in Ohio, nor any surer mode of recruiting our ministry from among the best young minds of the State. "With these views I lay this statement betbre you, trusting the facts to your considerate attention." Cunouiit of IlToncy (Bireii to the €^ucationaI VOovh at (Sambtcr The amount received througii Bishop Chase was about sixty-five thousand dollars, of which amount more than one-half was given in the United States. The amount received thi-ough Bishop Mcllvaine was about one hundred and filty thousand dollars. The amount received tiirough BisJiop Bedell has been about one hundred and seventy thousand dollars. The amount received through Rev. Dr. Sparrow was about five thousand dollars. The amount received througii Kev. Dr. Brooke was about eleven thousand dollars. The uHKiuiit received through Robert S. French, Esq., for the Cliinies Fund, was about five thousand dollars. The amount received through President Bodine has been about one hun- dred thousand dollars, given liy citizens of Ohio. (Il]e present financial Situation The real estate at (iamliier consists of the buildings belonging to the In- stitution, including "Old Kenyon," Ascension Hall, Rosse Hall, Hubbard Hall, the Church of the Holy Spirit, Bexley Hall, Milnor and Delano Halls, the College Hotel, and ten dwelling houses for Professors, in addition to about three hundred and fifty acres of land, remaining from the original i)urchase. Of the eight thousand acres bought of Wm. Hogg, the north section of four thousand acres was sold, part in 1832 and part in 1S37. The amount received 50 KENYON COLLEGE. therefor was $22,500. In his circuhxr letter of March 23, 1826, Bishop Chase had said: " It is understood to be the wish of the Trustees of the Institution to retain but half of the eight thousand acres of land ; and it is hoped by the sale of the other half the original cost of the whole may be realized." Not allowing for interest, the original cost of the whole was more than realized — allowing for interest, it was not fully realized. In 1850, after much discussion, it was determined to sell most ol' the re- maining four thousand acres, and to invest the proceeds in an interest-bearing fund made permanently secure. The land was sold, some of it at once, and the rest in subsequent years. The two thousand and twenty-nine acres first sold (including some town lots) brought i|i 61,635.88. The estimated value of the remaining land was then $58,262.20. Unhappily, most of the money received from the sale of lands was not permanently invested, but was used piece-meal for general expenses. More than twenty-five thousand dollars went to the payment of old" debts. The annual expenditure continued to be, and in an increasing degree, much larger than the receipts, and this was partially met by the proceeds of the sale of lands. From 1857 to 1871, the "excess of expenditure above receipts of all fees and donations for expenses, exclusive of repairs and improvements," was $38,555.34. A new slate roof was put upon '' Old Kenyon," at an expense of more than eight thousand dollars. The report to the Convention says con- cisely, " This expenditure will be placed to the debit of our land account." A new school building was erected for the use of Milnor Hall at an expense of about five thousand dollars, charged to the same account. Bexley Hall and Ascension Hall were not in a finished condition. To complete these build- ings, and to put a new roof upon Eosse Chapel, about eight thousand dollars were used. Two additional Professors' houses were secured. No exact account is accessible of the expenses for ordinary repairs, but it is known that in the aggregate, it amounted to many thousands of dollars. The results of the '" land endowment " visible to-day, besides the com- Ijarativeiy \'e^' acres remaining unsold, are: (1) the two additional Professoi's' houses; (2) the improvements in Kenyon, Ascension, Milnor, and Bexley Halls; (3) about fifteen thousand dollars permanently invested in the endow- ments of the Milnor and Lewis, the Griswold, and the Bedell Professorships. In 1872, chiefly through the' exertions of A. H. Moss, Esq., and Judge M. M. Granger, there was a change of policy. It was resolved that thereafter the current expenses should not exceed the current income. During the last eighteen years it has been necessary to raise a great many thousand dollars to meet current expenses. But this has been done, and more, the Institution is now better off" hy a hundred thousand dollars than at the time when this resolve was made. KENYON COLLEGE. According to tlie last liiiaiicial re])()rt (ISSD) the eiifin' pi-opci-ty of llie Institution is valued at iji 554,260.59 ; not counting certain valuable lots in ( 'olunihus ; of this, $27T,!)75.()8 is the estimated value o1' tiie real estate, sf 10,100 of the li))rary and apparatus, and .+ 2(>(j,185.51 was in the Treasurer's iiands in cash, stocks and bonds and bills receivable. or Ihe buildings, the central part of < )id Keiiyoii was erected by Bishop Chase, the wings b.y Bisliop Mcllvaine. Kossc Hall was begun by Bishop Ciia.se, but completed by Bishop Mcllvaine with I'unds secured in 1833. Mil- iior Hall (tile old building) was paid for through the gifts of 1833, as were most of tile Professors' houses. Bexley Hall was built through the liberality of English friends to Bishop Mcllvaine during his visit abroad in 1835. Most of the funds for the erection of Ascension Hall were obtained by Bishop Mcllvaine in 1857, chielly from members of tiie Ciiurcji ol' (he As- cension, New York. The Church of the Holy Spirit was erected in 1869, by members of this same Church as a token of their loving appreciation of Bishop Bedell who was for many years their Rector. To their gifts many thousand dollars were added for the beautifying of the sanctuary by the good Bishop and Mrs. Bedell. Delano Hall, erected in 1881. was tli,e gift of Hon. Columbus Delano, LL. D., secured through President Bodine. Hubbard Hall, erected in 1884, was the gift of Mi's. Ezra Bliss, also secured thniugh President Bodine. *"ist of ^£ll^omlncnts IN THE DIVINITV DEPARTMENT Milnor and Lewis, Profe-ssorship $25,000 00 Griswokl, " 2.5,000 00 Bedell, " 28,436 24 Eleutheros Cooke, " 30,000 00 Tot.al $ 108,436 24 IN THE COLLEGIATE DEPARTMENT Si)encor and VVolfo, ProfessorsJiip 1 25,000 00 Ptabody, " 25,000 00 Bowler, " 31,122 00 Mcllvaine, " 13,900 00 Tru.stees, " 3,000 00 Boardnian, " , 1,500 00 Alumni, " 1,615 00 Total $ 101,137 00 SPECIAL Vanghan, Library Fund .f .500 00 HotVman, " " 5,000 00 Belts, '^ " 1,000 00 58 KENYON COLLEGE. Carried ova- « 6,500 00 St. George's Hall Libraiy Fund 3,182 50 Hanuah Move, Scholarship 1.205 55 Clark, Scholarship 1.071 00 Bedell, Lecture Fund 5.000 00 Henry' B. Curtis, Scholarship Fund 15,360 07 Bowler, Philosophical Fund 7,963 00 Delano Astronomical Fund 1.000 00 J. H. Mcllvaine, Scholarship 4,187 50 Austin Badger, Scholarship 1,434 75 Chimes Fund 500 00 Ormsby Phillips Fund 1,000 00 Total $48,404 37 Certain valuable lots in the city of Columbus, donated by Hon. John W. Andrews, are not included in the foregoing. The bequest of live thousand dollars from the late Charles T. Wing, should also be added. This was originally the Milnor Prolessorship, Ibuiuled in 1829-30, and named in honor of Rev. Dr. Milnor, Rector ol 8t. Cieorge"s Ohurch, New York. His biographer tells ns that "his interest in Kenyon Oollege was great," and atlils that "among the various eftbrts lor the endowment of that institution, one resulted in founding 'The Milnor Professorship of Divinity." This pro- fessorship was endowed partly by members of St. George's, partly by Bishop Chase and his brother, and partly l)y individuals of 8t. Luke's, Rochester, and elsewhere; and the endowment was presented to Kenyon Oollege, subject to the condition that the nomination of the incumbent should reside in Dr. IMilnor during his natural life." The amount subscribed was ten thousand dollars, of which about seven thousand dollars was actually paid. The prin- cipal of the fund has always been held by the vestry of St. George's Church. Seven hundred dollars per annum was paid by this vestry to the Institution up to lS7-t. Then a friendly controversy arose, which was settled by the ves- try giving their bond to pay live hundred dollars annually upon the order of the incumbent of the Milnor Professorship. In the year 1867. the sum of nine thousand' four hundred dollars was received from the Executor of Mrs. Sarah Lewis, of Cincinnati, who had be- queathed ten thousand dollai's " to the Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church, connected with Kenyon College, at Gambler, Ohio, for the purpose of founding and forever maintaining a I'rofessorship, to be called the Lewis Professorship, in such department of the theology and faith of the Pro- testant Episcopal Church as the Trustees of said Seminary may appoint." By vole of the Trustees this was added to the Milnor Professorship, to be thenceforth known as the Milnor and Lewis Professorship. The remaining live thousand six hundred dollars was taken from the general funds of the Institution. KENYON COLLEGE. 59 ill]c (Brisiuolb Professorship This was rmimli'd in liS;")!, witli a jiift of ten thousand dollars IVoin Kcv, Archibald M. Morrison, then a student at tlie Alexandria Theolo.i?ic'al Semi- nary, as tlie (iriswold rrofessorshii) of i'astoi-al Divinity and Sacred Rhetoric, and named in honor of Hishoj) (iriswold. .Mr. .Morrison was careful to stipu- late lliat, to tlie y:reatest extent legally ])ossil)le, his endowment should lie jint upon " a distinctly evangelical footinsi," ami the continuance thereof •• made conditional upon such a state of things.'' Under date of September 22, 1S7(J, however, he communicated to the Trustees the following documeid. duly signed and sealed : "-1,200 Pink St., I'hii.adkm'hi.v. " To the TrusU'i's (if the TheotiKjii-dl Sendiuuij of Ihf f roles! < ail Episcojjdl Chiin-li of Uk iJioce.ie of Oldo and of Kenyan CoUeye : "Gentlemen — It being my wish and pur])ose hencefortli \(> /t/jrof/ir/n :i\\ and singular, the condit/oiis attached at its foundation to the endowment of the (iriswold rrofessorship of Biblical Literature, interjiretation and the Evidences of Christianity in your institution, to divest myself of any kind or degree of control over the said endowment, antl the same to vest solely and absolutely henceforth and forever in yourselves and your successors, as by law constituted, I hereby communicate^ to you over my signature my full {;onsenl and my will that henceforth all the conditions attached to the original gift and endowment, as found expressed at large in Articles 1. to IX., inclusive, of the Deed of Endowment, shall (U'teriuiue'^ rea.s(\ (ind become forever inoperatirc to the intent that the entire and sole control of the endowment shall hence- forth rest with yourselves as completely as though the gift had been from the first free, alisolute. and without conditions, and in witness thereof 1 hereunto set my sign manual and my seal at the place and date as above. "ARCim. M. MORRISCJN. |seai..| Seven hundred and twenty-five dollars was ()))tained for this Rrofessorshii) in 1S57. (See Dr. Hronson's Memento, page 68.) In 1863, Dr. Asa Colenuin gave to "the College at (Jambier," a thousand dollar bond of the Dayton and Mi(diigan R. R., to be held by the Trustees, and the proceeds ai)plied as Risliop Mcllvaine should direct, or the acting Bishop of the Diocese, reserving the privilege of the free insti'uction of any grandson of the donor at any future time. At tiie suggestion of Bishop Mcllvaine, the 1'rustees diri-cled that this donation shoidd be applied to the (iriswold Professorship fund. In 1864, a subscript i(»n of a thousand d(jllai's, made in 1857 by Nicholas Luquier, of Brooklyn, was ri'cei\cd. and. by direction of Bishoj) Mcllvaine, added to the (iriswold Fund. go KENYON COLLEGE. Ill 1866, a donation of ten thousand dollars, made by Robert H. Ives, of Providence, was used to increase the endowment of this Prol'essorship. Mr. Ives's letters bearing upon this subject are as follows : " Providbnce, May 23, 1865. '•My deak Bishop Bedkll — I take this mode to confirm my verbal en- gagement to you in behalf of Kenyon College, Ohio, with a view to co-operate in the important undertaking which you have entered upon of raising the sum of two hundred thousand dollars for that institution. " Whenever you have secured by gifts or responsible pledges the sum of one hundred and forty thousand dollars, I will add ten thousand dollars to make a total of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars for Kenyon College. This sum of ten thousand dollars not to be payable by me until three months hence, and reserving to myself the right to designate any specific appropria- tion which shall be approved by the proper college authority ; provided, how- ever, that the total aforesaid one hundred and fifty thousand dollars be secured prior to January, 1866. In the event of my decease, this pledge is hereby made obligatory upon my executors. " 1 remain very truly, your obedient friend, "EGBERT II. IVES.'" " Providence, September 7, 1865. " I write by this mail to M. White, Esq., Agent Gambler College, and enclose an order upon New York for $ 10,000 U. S. 7-30 bonds held for me, bearing interest from fifteenth June last. I have requested Mr. White, when he collects interest upon these bonds, to pay over to you the accrued interest, and to hold the bonds with subsequent interest for account of Gambler Col- lege, the same being in fulfillment of my pledge through j^ou to that institution." In 1867, tills endowment was increased to twenty-five thousand dollars from the general funds of the Institution. During most of the years since the establishment of the Professorship, it has been named in the catalogue as the Griswold Professorship of Biblical Literature and interpretation. In 1883, it was changed by vote of the Trus- tees, and is now the Griswold Professorsliip of Old Testament Instruction. CI7C Bebell professorst^tp This Professorship was named in honor of Rev. Dr. Gregory Townsend Bedell, of Philadelphia. It was begun by Bishop Mcllvaine. About seven thousand dollars were received in response to his efforts. For the completion of its endowment. Bishop Bedell received the following subscriptions: Thomas H. Powers .f 6,000 William Welsh 1 OOO KEN YON COLLEGE. 61 Jolin Bohlen 1.000 C. M. Bohlen 1,000 VV. A. Franciscus 1,000 Joliu D. Taylor ."jOO Li-miiul Cofiia OOO John Wflsh 250 A. G. Collin 200 Churles E. Lux 100 Tlic Mmuinil nece.ssary to increase this Prol'essorsliip to twcnly-livc tiioii- s.iihI (liillars was made up I'rom tiie general i'linds (if the Iiislitiilioii. ll was afterwards still I'lirllu'i- increased liy adtlitional gilts amounting to $ :2, 54*). ;i4 received from Si. Andrew's ('liurch, riiiladelpliia, and Iiy a legacy of I S!K) fnim ^frs. (iumbes. Ill 1S(>0, tlu^ name given lo this rrdfessdrsliip was the " Be(U'll I'rofessor- ship (if Ei-clessi,-islical llislory." In ISHS, il liccame the'-Uedcll I'rofessor- sliij) (if I'astoral Theology," aiid so remaiiuMJ up lo ISSM, when, by vote of the Trustees, it became the "Bedell Professorshi]i of I'astoral Theology and New Testament Instruction." ilhc €leutbcros (£ooRc profcss.orsbtp This ProfessfU'shij) was estaldished l)y .lay Cooke, Esq., in honor of his falhcr, the late Hon. Eleutheros Cooke, of Stindusky. His original promise, wiiich was a conditional promise, was made to Bishop Bedell. The Bishoji's understanding of the promise was, that Mr. Cooke would give !|! 25,000 for the endowment of a Professorship in the Theological Seminary (the divinity department ). upon condition that three other Professorships in the Seminary (the Griswold. the ]\Iilnor, and the Bedell Professorships) should be fully endowed, each to the amount of $25,000, and that no other condition was made. The correspondence shows that Mr. Cooke had in his mind the com- pletion of six Professorships, which may have referred to both Seminary and College. Sucli was Dr. Bronson's interpretation of the understanding, made Id Mr. Cookt'. and by him accepted as satisfactory, before the funds were transferred to llie Institution. The letters written at the time show clearly that, in addilion Id Ihc honor Id be paid to his father's memory, Mr. Cooke desired — 1st. To strengthen Cambier "in its noble position as an Evangelical institution." 2d. To provide a lile-posilidu iil' dignity and usefulness I'or his friend and the friend ol' his father and mother, the Rev. Dr. Bronson. The money was w'ell invested by the donor, so that thirty thousand dol- lars became the pcnnaiient endowment. KEN YON COLLEGE. The following document was received from Mr. Cooke in May, 18SS: ''To the Board nf Trustees of the Theological Scminari/ of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the JJioccsc of Ohio: (Jentlemen — Whereas, in llie year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- dred and sixty-six, I gave to your institution tlie sum of thirty thousand dol- lars in Ijonds of the Warren & Franklin Railroad Company for the endowment of a Professorship, to be called the Eleutheros Cooke Professorship; and, whereas, there is not known to be in existence any document or paper which exactly states the conditions of this gift, I hereby declare that my purpose therein was — " 1st. To glorify Clod by the estalilishment of a fund to aid in the educa- tion of young men lor the Christian ministry at Gamliier. Ohio, my native State, under Evangelical teaching and influence. ''2d. To lionor perpetually the memory of my father, Eleutheros Cooke. ' •"?)([. To provide a position in which my honored friend, the Rev. Dr. Sherlock A. Bronson should be supported in usefulness for life, or so long as he retained in fair measure his strength and vigor. '' My expectations in this endowment have not hitherto been fully real- ized. Still, 'forgetting the things that are behind,' and influenced by a desire to have my donation accomjilish the largest usefulness practicable, I hereby declare, over my signature, my full consent and my will that any condition of the original gift which expressed or implied that the work to be done by the Eleutheros Cooke Professor, or by any other Professor in the Seminary, should be done exclusively in the divinity department of your institution, shall henceforth determine, cease, and become forever inoperative; and that the Board of Trustees of tlie Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio may hereafter freely designate the work to be done by the occupant of the Eleutheros Cooke Professorship, not only in the divinity department, but also in the collegiate department of the institution under their control, as in their judgment may be deemed advisable in order to promote my wishes and the purposes of my donation. •• In witness whereof, I have hereunto placed my hand and seal, at Phila- delphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, on this Tth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight. "JAY COOKE, [seal.] " J. E. Fuller, "J. M. Butler. ]- Witnesses. "J. P. Hutchinson, KENYON COLLEGE. CP, dhc Spencer atl^ IPolfe professorship This \va- cstMlilislicd in l>:)S liy.I. I). Wdllc. Ksq., of New Yy licr sisler, ^Irs. SjuMicf)-. It was oriiiinally the l.nrilhinl and Wolfe Prolessorsliip, ol' Menial and Moral Pliilosoj)liy. 'i'lie nanu' w as (•liani;<'d al the s]K>('ial reqnesl of Mrs. Spencer. 'IMie jiil't was lor llie coiiciiiale depart- incnl. il was, from lime to t ime, increased iiy llie donors, niil il, in jsi;"), it readied liic present amonnt. twenty-li\-e Ihonsand dollars. Che peabo^l^ professorship This was endowe(i liy (ieorjre I'ealiody. The foilowinit letter cxjdains his jiurpose therein : Zanesville, Novemher (1, ISdti. '/''( the Board of Trustees of the. Tlwological ISeniimiry nf the ProUslant Kiiisniinit Church in the Diocese of Ohio, and of Kcnyon College : "(Jentlemen — Out of a desire to mark my iiigli esteem anil warm rej^ard lor my friend. Bishop Mcllvaine, and, at the same time, to show my apj)reeia- tioii III' the course and advantages of the institution which has been so deeply indelited to his eilbrts, in this country ;ni he has so mncii at heart, as w^ell as to assist in the promotion of useful learning by means of Kenyon College, I, in isf)!-!, made a codicil to my will lie((neathiug .t2r),000 to the College. " W'isiiing to carry out, before returning to England, certain chei-ished purposes for the lienetit of my native land, I now ofter and present to your lionorable liody, through Bishop Mcllvaine, that sum of twenty-tive tiiousand dollars as the endowment of a Professorship of Mathematics and Civil Engi- neering in said College, which shall have in charge the duty of instruction in the branches nf scientific learning thus designated, stipulating that tiie fund tlius pri'sented shall be ke])t safely invested in United States government. New York or Ohio State securities, and only the interest annually accruing tiiereon to be liable at any time to be expended." •■ Wishing, gentlemen, the blessing of Divine Providence upon your im- portant charge, and that Kenyon College may ever enjoy the highest prosperly and usefulness as one of the chief inst rumenis of lufiral and intellectual cul- ture in onr beloved country, .. j .,„|^ ^vjtj, gj-gat respect, "Your humble servant, "GEORGE PEABODY." (34 KENYON COLLEGE. iri]e 23oi»Icr professorstjtp In 18fi5 Mrs. Susan L. Bowler, of Cincinnati, convej^ed to Messrs. William Procter and George H. Pendleton certain valuable property in Cincinnati to be held by them in trust, and sold from time to time, until the amount of twenty-five thousand dollars should be obtained, and the sum so obtained, and any further sums thereafter accruing from the sales of the property, should be paid over to the Trustees of "The Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio," to l)e appropriated to the endow- ment of a Professorship, to be called the Bowler Professorship of Natural Philosophy. The sum of money resulting from these sales of land, remitted to M. White, Treasurer, between July, 1870, and June, 1S82, amounted in all to $51,435.29. Under date of March 27, 1870, Mrs. Bowler had authorized the Trustees of the fund "to pay over to the proper officers of Kenyon College for the support of the Bowler Professorship all interest which may hereafter be realized on the proceeds of sales of said property, now in your hands, over and above the amount necessary for taxes and other charges." It was difficult to determine how much of this $51,1:35.29 should be re- garded as "interest" and how much should be set apart for a permanent fund. For abundant caution a friendly suit was instituted before the Superior Court of Cincinnati. By decree of this Court, dated April 25, 1884, it was ordered that $31,121.97 should be set apart as the endowment of this Profes- sorship, " and the income expended for no other purpose but preserving the said fund undiminished, and paying the said Bowler Professor of Natural Philosophy in Kenyon College such salary as from time to time shall be au- thorized and appropriated out of such income by the Trustees." The sum of $7,963.00 was also set apart as a separate fund, the income to be applied an- nually "to the purchase of apparatus and books appropriate for instruction in the department of Natural Philosophy in Kenyon College under the charge of said Bowler Professor." will of the \;i\v I'lalt Benedict, of Xorwalk, his store-room in "W'hiltlesy Block was left in trust to the Wardens and Vestry of St. Paul's ('liin-ch in that city, the annual income of which should be paid over, "one- lil'lh ])art to the proper authorities of Kenyon College, to aid in the sup])orl anil educalidu of young men preparing themselves for the ministry in the theological department of said College." (El]e ©rmsbij pl]tlltps ^unb This is a fund of a thousand dollars established by Mr. and Mrs. Bakewell Phillips, of Pittsburgh, to be loaned, from time to time, to a superior student who is pre])aring for the ministry. lii(i. and to their successors in 68 KENYON COLLEGE. office, in trust, the sum of five thousand dollars, to be invested and re -invested at their discretion; the annual income whereof shall be expended, under their direction, in beautifying the streets and suburbs of Gambler, my native vil- lage, in the planting of trees, turf, and shrubs, but not in grading or other work usually performed by the local authorities ; provided, however, that a sufficient sum be first used for the neat and orderly preservation of that por- tion of ground occupied by the graves of my dear parents, my brothers, and my sisters at Gambler.'" ^Extracts from a Statement anb clppeal in ^el|alf of lienyon dollege, G. D. ^882, Signed by Bishop G. T. Bedell Cleveland^ Ohio. Mr. a. H. Moss Sandusky, Ohio. Ex-Gov. H. P. Baldwin Detroit, Mich. Ex-Gov. J. W. Stevenson Covington., Ky. Hon. Rufus King '. . . . Cincinnati., ■ Ohio. Pres. Wm. B. Bodine Gambier, Ohio. Committee of the Board of Tmstees. " Kenyon (Jollege was one of the first educational instit-utions established in the West. It has been in existence but little more than half a century, yet it has already accomplished great things. The sons of Kenyon have reached and filled positions of the highest eminence and the largest usefulness in Church and state.'' " To-day Kenyon has a splendid foundation in its unsurpassed location, its superior buildings, its reputation for thorough work. Nothing is needed but development that Kenyon may become the peer of any college in the country." " A great college, however, cannot be made without large gifts of money. Colleges are like hospitals in that they do not so much depend upon fees as upon endowments. All our great colleges are largely endowed." " Kenyon College has now property and endowments valued at nearly five hundred thousand dollars. In natural beauty its college park is unex- celled in the United States. Its buildings are architecturally attractive, as well as permanent in sti'ucture. Bishop Coxe (than whom in matters of taste no better judge could well be found), writes of 'the massive dignity of Ascen- sion Hall and the Church of the Holy Spirit, as not unworthy of Oxford or Cambridge.' " " The cause of higher education is of the very first importance. In a land like ours one moves the masses bv moving; tlie leaders. How necessary, then. KENYON COLLEGE. that those who are to be leaders sliould be wisely guided and riiilitly trained, liiat so 'peace and happiness, truth and justice, religion and piety may l)e establisiied among ns for all generations.' " " In our Eastern States this is now widely felt and largely recognized, so that public-spirited and liberal citizens of those States have of late contributed millions of dollars to their leading colleges. Increased facilities have thus been provided, and great advances have been made. Has not the time come for a lil^e movement in this portion of our country, which is now its centre of population, and which is already great in manufacturing establishments, in agricultural resources and mineral treasure, and also in accumulated capital?" " Tlie foundations at (Jaml)ier were laid in faith and prayer. Our fathers liave built wisely thereupon. We are called to carry on their work. Kenyon CiilU'ge 1(1 day offers a splendid foundation for a great educational institution. Lcl ( he superstructure speedily rise for tiie good of man and the glory of God." (£om^ncll^atory IPorbi. FROM EX-PRESIDENT HAYES. '' Kenyon College is now out of debt. Its property and endowments amount to about a half a million dollars. Its location is central and accessi- ble, and in a region of unusual healthtulness and beauty. It is upon sudi a liasis liiat all who contribute to its endowment fund may contidently expect tliat their i interest of the jteople ol' our State is very manifest. "■ The history of the foundation of Kenyon College endears it to all Epis- copalians. Its graduates, eminent in the State and in the Nation, have made its honored name familar at many firesides. Its exceptional advantages of location, combining so much of beauty of scenery and healthfulness of climate, commend it as the home of studious, aspiring youth. The broad and liberal si)irit in which its theological doctrines have been taught has disarmed all sectarian oi^position. " I congratulate you most sincerely that your assiduous lalior and self- denying devotion has been already so successful. " I am sure that this is the beginning of the full measure of success which will eventually, I trust very soon, crown your efibrts." FROM ilON. WILLIAM WINDOM. " Kenyon (Jollege is well known to me, inasmuch as my youth was spent in Knox County, and so I grew up under the shadow of the College. Your College park is one of the loveliest spots on earth, and there are few things that would give me more pleasure than to revisit the place, with which are associated so many happy memories. You have every advantage at Gambler for the upl)uilding of a great educational institution. Your location, your buildings, your record, are all of the best. I hope that you will be successful in your eft"orts to strengthen and enlarge the influence of the College l)y adding to your endowment fund.'' FROM REV. DR. 11. DYER. " If I had any life and strength in me I should like to take hold and make dear old Kenyon all that it is capable of being made. With its beautiful situation, attractive buildings, and favorable surroundings it ought to be and can be made the best and grandest educational establishment west of the Allegheny Mountains. God grant it." The following from the editorial columns of the Cincinnat! Gazette was written by Hon. Richard Smith immediately upon his return from the Com- mencement exercises of 1881 : '* Gambler is one of the best locations in the country for a tirst-class edu- cational institution, and rich men ought to rally to its support. If the latter who want to do something for the public while they live would visit (Tarabier, we feel sure that an income of one hundred thousand dollars annually would be speedily assured; if it could be made double that sum, as it ought to be, then the \\'est could coiii])ete successfully with Yale, Harvaid, and Princeton. 72 KEN YON COLLEGE. Gentlemen who have money they can spare ought to take this matter into serious consideration. The President of Kenyon is deeply in earnest, and if Mr. Bodine is properly sustained, the institution is bound to flourish." Extract from the remarks of Hon. Stanley Matthews at the Commence- ment exercises, June 24, 1880 : " I take great pleasure in embracing the opportunity now ofl'ered me of expressing in brief words the very great delight I have experienced in this visit to these old scenes. I rejoice especially in the power of the visible aspects of Kenyon as I now see her, for, in addition to the buildings which have been added, I think I have discovered here the presence of something worth more to Kenyon even than her buildings, and that is the spirit of a new life which will make buildings where forests only grow. I feel very proud that I am a graduate of Kenyon. I feel very proud of Ohio. I am a Buckeye, even of the second generation, and I am glad that all my education, academic and professional, was received from institutions of Ohio. Here, at Gambler, I received the best and most lasting impressions of my life. The formation of whatever character I have was laid in these halls, and, therefore, it would rejoice me beyond measui'e to see Kenyon not only living and prospering, but growing to be great and commanding — the institution of the centre of the West. There is no reason why this should not be; there are many reasons why it ought to be ; tliere are many reasons why I think it will be." At the Commencemet exercises of 1881, there were present Ex-President Hayes, Hon. John Sherman, Hon. Columbus Delano, Murat Halstead, Esq., and Richard Smith, Esq., editors of the Ciiicinnati Commercial Oazette; John King, Jr., now President of the Erie Railroad ; Hon. Theodore Cook, and other distinguislied visitors. All expressed themselves as greatly charmed with the inspiring views and pure, bracing air of Gambler, and tlie beautiful and massive buildings of Kenyon College. Among other things President Hayes said A TRUE AND EARNEST WORD TO CHURCHMEN. " The force, the aggressiveness, the influence of the Protestant Episcopal Church in this central region of the West is fast hound up with Kenyon Col- lege. This Church ivill be a poxner for good in these States in proportion as Keiigon College is made strong and commanding. VOhai Kenyon (Eollegc Heebs Co=bay, G. D. 1890 For the Endowment of the Professorship of the Latin Language and Literature, $ 30,000. For tlie Endowment of the Professorship of the Greek Language and ■ Literature. !{! 30.000. KEN YON COLLEGE. 73 For the P]iido\vmeiit of the Professorsliip oC Moileru L;uii;iia,!ies, $30,000. For the increase of the Endowinent of (he IMcIlv^iiac I'mfessorsliip ol' the English Language and Literature, 1 15.000. For the endowment of a new Professorsliip of Hiological Science, .1;30,000. In addition to tiiese endowments for professorships ])eriiai)s the greatest l)resent need of Kenyon College is: money for Scholarsl^tps The word scholarship, as thus used, is defined by Webster to mean "maintenance for a scholar; foundation for tlie support of a student." The great Universities of Oxford and ('aml)ri(lge in England count amonii' their most valuable possessions endowments for several hundred scholarships. iSome of these scholarships perpetuate the memory of men and women who have been dead for many centuries, but who yet have lived and sp(jken llirough the well-trained men they have helped to educate. The scholarship endowments of some of the Xew England colleges are as follows : Harvard $ 350,000 Brown 1 140,000 Yale 1300,000 Williams .$120,000 Amlierst 1 200,000 Dartmouth 1 100,000 The scholarship Endowments of Cornell University are very large, and were founded through the liberality of the Hon. Ezra Cornell, John ;\lc(ira\v, Esq., the Hon. Henry W. Sage, (he Hon. Hiram Sil)ley, and (lie Hon. .Vndrew 1). White. At Johns Hopkins University there are twenty fellowships, each yielding $500 and free tuition; twenty university scholarshij^s, each yielding $200 without free tuition; twenty ordinary Hopkins scholarships, each yielding i'vee tuition, and eighteen honorary Ho])kins scholarships, each yielding $ i'50 and free ttiidon. Through (he lil)erality of the Hon. Henry B. Curtis and the Hon. John VV'. Andrews, Kenyon College is in possession of scholarship funds amounting to about (wenty-iive thousand dollars. It is greatly to be desired that these funds shall be increased. The endowment of a scholarship may vary from one thousand to five thousand dollars. The ordinary sum for such an endow- ment in Kenyon College shotUd l>e about three thousand dollars. For one who has lost a son by death, and who desires to perpetuate his memory and his usefidness on earth, what moiv litting memorial could possibly he found! 74 ICENYON COLLEGE. Hec>. Dr. Bronson on Scl^olarsl^ips A cLuarter of a century ago the Rev. Dr. S. A. Eronsoii delivered an ad- dress during commencement week at Gambier, in which lie sketched what he hoped might some day come to pass : " Under the control of the Trustees or Faculty of this Institution, or of a board of fellows, constituted for the purpose, is the income arising from $1,000,000. This would support two hundred students and enable them to pay well their professors and tutors and all other necessary conveniences for study. These students are furnished and the I'unds for their support provided in a way something like this: A benevolent person in Mt. Vernon, for in- stance, has accumulated some means, and as liie draws to a close, instead of leaving it all to be the ruin of his family, he gives to the Vestry of St. Paul's Church, .t 5,000, the interest of which is to be paid to the best student in Knox County, to maintain him through a full course of study at Kenyon College, the examination and the award to be made by the faculty or board of fellows. * * * Let the same thing that is supposed to have taken place in St. Paul's, Mt. Vernon, be extended to all parts of Ohio, and life, spirit, and ambition will be infused into every school in the State. * * * The institution that shall secure one, two, or three hundred such foundations, and the church that shall be blest with such an institution, will si and far above all others in the land." Ought we not to have at Gambier scholarships for boys from Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Toledo, Dayton, Akron, Sandusky, Youngstown, Spring- field, and other cities and towns of Ohio, endowed bj^ wealthy men and women living in these towns and cities, and open for competition to students of high character? A liberal donor could thus help at once his own city, a deserving youth, and the cause of human progress. 5cl]oIarsl)tps at fjarixirb The report of President Elliot of Harvard College, ibr 1877-78, gives much valuable information concerning the beneficial results of scholarships. Letters were written to about two hundred and fifty persons, who had received aid from scholarships during their college course at Harvard. The letters writ- ten in reply "give a very strong impression of the general respectability, use- fulness, and worth of the writers as a body. The letters almost unanimously express a sense of obligation for a great benefit enjoyed, a belief that scholar- ships at Harvard were good for the writers and are useful to the college and KENYON COLLEGE. 75 llu' pulili(\ and a purpose to repay, or traiisiiiit to ollieis, lli(> hciicrai'tidii received." A lew liriel' extracts tVoiii J'residenl Kllinl's report will he read willi interest : "The earliest l)enefit which schohirshijjs confer is the inspiration of a iiojie. The hope of getting a scholarship carries many young men to college wjio, without a hope, would never — to their k)ss and that of the college and the community — have tried to get a liberal education." "The incuml)ents of scliolarsliijjs, il' ot herwise they would he |)('uniless or UHudi straitened, are relieved of anxieties, distresses, humiliations, or hard slu])s, which at the best are serious impediments to study, and which have often been so extensive as to endanger bodily or mental health. They relieve young men from wearing anxiety al)()ut the necessaries of life, and enable them to live cond'ortably enough to study." •'The existence of scholarships in the college is a great comfort to parents who were themselves well educated but whose means are scanty ; and when the sons of such parents actually win scholarships, the income therefrom relieves what would otherwise be the distressing burden of their college ex- penses. ' Mine,' says one, ' was of great hel]) to my lather, a cdergyman. living on a moderate salary." " " It is the general testimony of the men who have held scholarships, thai the acceptance of the aid did not inipaii' their self-respect, or exert any other unfavorable influence upon their character and lives. A scholarship is gener- ally regarded as an honorable prize to be won, as an inceidive to exertion, and a just reward of fidelity."'' "When a highly cultivated man, whose whole life has apparently been determined by the nature of his education, says of himself, 'my life has been very materially intiuenced by my holding a scholarship; I should not have entered college if I had not lieen assured, in advance, of receiving one; and without that assistance I should not have been able to finish ray course,' he describes an obligation which can only be compared with the debt every one owes to father and mother." ••The greater part of the letters received from the men wlm have held Harvard scholarships, contain strong expressions of gratitude; but the record of their honorable and useful lives already shows, although still short anil in- coni])lete, that scholarship endowments yield a sure and rich return in services rene1i(ivc prizes sliouhl be open to ti// who will compete. This makes j)rizes honorable in every sense, and they would be generally won by the plucky, talented, religious youth, who seeks the ministry. Anyhow, we don't want many who could not, or would not win. College youths for years past have said — with some reason — that the future parsons in their classes, whose piety was tlieir sole merit, were generally feeble fellows, without pluck, force, or brain. Exact ci'cellence, absolute or comparative, year by year, and we will win men worth ordaining, and other men will esteem the ministry more duly and seek it at their own cost. '• Yerv trnlv vours, J. B. KERFOOT." REV. DR. STANGER ON SCHOLARSHIPS AT KENYON. A few years ago a prominent clergyman, an alumnus of Kenyon (College, in a communication to the Standard of the Cross, said: 'There are many churchmen within the bounds of the dioceses directly interested in Kenyon who might immediately establish such scholarships to be under the wise con- trol of the faculty of the institution. And, let me say further, there are many of the alumni of the college who, having been trained to think and act within her halls, have gone forth into useful and successful lives in the world, might, and we think ought to, consider seriously whether it is not possible for them now or hereafter to place such a memorial in Kenyon. I am free to confess that I believe there are many of us who owe so much to her loving care and training that we are morally obligated to work towards this end.' " BISHOP I!E1)ETJ,"S PERSONAL TESTIMONY. " While reading what you press on the subject of Scholarships, it occured lo nie that, so far as now appears, I owe my education, and, consequently, my present opportunity of influence and work for our Lord Christ and his Church, to the aid given me by Scholarships. P^xcept for the small amount which I made as private tutor in I'hiladelphia during one year, I am indebted entirely to liic Church lor twelve years" instruction in school, college, and theological 78 KENYON COLLEGE. seminary. Nor do forty years of work in the interests of the Church diminish my sense of obligation to Dr. Muhlenberg, and others like-minded in Phila- delphia, who cared for me then. Surely, if any one may plead the cause of Scholarships at Gambler, I may. You have not said one word too much or too earnestly. I pray God that many a Christian and many a Churchman Avill be led by your words to establish for both the College and Theological Semi- nary these fountains of opportunity." ilho 5u^^cn an^ 'Caroic PcDcIopineitt of Cafaycttc (£olIcac Lafayette College at Easton, Pennsylvania, is an old college under the control of the Pres.byterian synod of Philadelphia. For many years its classes were small indeed. So very small were tliey that in 1863 it -was strongly urged upon the Board of Trustees to close the college doors. At that date the total available income was reported at not more than $ 4,000. What a change has since been wrought I Splendid buildings have sprum: up, and the number of students has increased tenfold. But why i Because Ario Pardee and other benevolent gentlemen, realizing the stewardship of wealth, have given thousands and hundreds of thousands of dollars to bless humanity througli the large development of a great educational institution. €btx)tn m. Stanton Edwin M. Stanton once said : " If I am anything or have done anything in the way of usefulness, I owe it to Kenyou College." Does not the college which so trained Edwin M. Stanton, the college in which his gifted son, Edwin L. Stanton, was the valedictorian of his class, and which both father and son devotedly loved, deserve well of his countrymen ? In the dark days of our civil war Edwin M. Stanton wielded tremendous power for the good of his country. He labored unselfishly and untiringly, with herculean mind and will, and Ave -share the fruit of his labors. Ought there not to be some fitting memorial of Stanton at Kenyou College '. S)cnxi\ IDintor Davis Henry AVinter Davis was another gifted son of Kenyon. He has well been called " tlie most accomplished parliamentary orator of his generation." But more than this, he was the friend oi' the down-trodden and the oppressed, the eloquent apostle of truth and righteousness. In the halls of Congress he served his country magnificently well. There ought also to be some suitable memorial of him at Kenvon. KENYON COLLEGE. 70 And so oC David Davis, United Stales Supreme Judge, and Senator IVoni Illinois, and tlie intimate friend of Aliraiiam Lincoln. And so of Stanley Matthews, also I'nited States vSuprenie Judge and Senator. And so also of many who have tilled less conspicuous places than these and other great sons of Ktnyon, but who were faithful as College students, and who filled useful places in life, and whose memory is dear to friends and relatives; brave, true, nolde men who have helped to make tlie world better than they found it. Kenyon College is rei)eating today the experience of Harvai'd, Val(>, and Princeton HIty years ago — an experience of insulficient means and of an earnest struggle for an adequate endowment. In the Eastern colleges the struggle has been successful. Let ns see to it that it shall lie similarly suc- cessful in the case of Kenyon College. |Fi-om the Ciiifinruiti D^iily (iazctli-, January 30, 188','. ] (Due (Ohio (£olloac — Koiiijon's cTcbicromcnts cln^ prospects — i^giher £biicatioix itt cTmcrica — cRifts of 3n^iln^uclIs to (£ollccnos — Kenyott's Higl?t to "Cecib in i£oIlcaiatc €bucatioit in ®l]io The Rev. Dr. Bodine, I'resident of Kenyon College, conducted the service and preached in Christ (P. E.) Church, East Fourth street, yesterday morning, a sermon that was intended to be rather a statement of the prospects of Ken- yon College. The attendance was large, and the; music, as usual, very fine. Alter the service Dr. Bodine spoke as follows: I wish to speak to you to-day, my friends, about a matter which I am wont to present from time to time, as opportunity offers, to intelligent and Christian men and women — a matter about which in times past I have said something from this place, but which I wish this morning to discuss with greater plainness and fullness. I mean the matter of Christian education as that work is being carried on at Gambler. I am frank to say that this work interests me deeply, and that it concerns me; but it also concerns you. It is not my work alone. The men who laid the foundation of this Church in Ohio, the men who have given of their toil and their means and prayers for the Church and for humanity, have been the men who have cared most for Gam- bier. I believe this to be the most important single work in which our Church is at this time engaged — in the language of ex-President Hayes, used at our last commencement: ''The force, the aggressiveness, the influence, of the Protestant Episcopal Church in this central region of the West is fast bound \\\i with Kenyon Colleiie. This Church will be a power for good in these 80 KENYON COLLEGE. States in proportion as Kenyon College is made strong and commanding." In my judgment Gambler sustains to our Church's life in this part of our country very much the same relation that the heart sustains to the body. Let the life pulses beat vigorously at this Church center and there will be " more life and fuller" in all our churches and in all our parishes. As some of you know, I have been relieved from all administrative duties at Gambier for some months to come, that I may give my time and energy to the I'urtherance of an effort which is being made to procure tor Kenyon Col- lege the money which is needed for its present development. In connection with this work I have reached the conclusion that it will be of value if I try to tell the story of the needs and claims of Gambier to some of our congregations. The truth is that this matter of the Church's duty to the cause of educa- tion has not been brought before our people as it ought to have been, and the result is that misconceptions, altogether natural and excusable, abound. For example, it seems to be not generally known and understood that a college is founded and must be carried on, not alone upon business principles, but upon benevolence. Our colleges are not self-supporting an}'' more than our hos- pitals are self-supporting. A college can not begin its life, nor can it continue its life, without gifts from the State or from wealthy men ; in a Avord, without endowments or gifts of money a college can not exist. I do not know of a single self-supporting college in the United States or in Europe. WHO SHOULD SUPPORT COLLEGES? This being so. the question arises, who ought to help our colleges — the State, or wealthy individuals, or both ? A glance at the history of higlier education in our land will throw light upon this question. Harvard is the oldest of our American colleges. It was established in the year 1636 by an act of the Legislature of the colony of Massachusetts Bay, appropriating thereto the sum of £400. To us this sum seems very small wherewith to begin to found a college; but it was larger than an entire year's taxes for the colony. Thousands then were comparatively greater than mil- lions to-day. In the year 1638 John Harvard, a young clei-gyman, was called to his rest. More than half of his property (300 books and £800 in money) he bequeathed to this infant college. He was a wise and cultured man, and knew the value of education. He was a greathearted man withal, and longed to bless his fellow-men. He dreamed not of undying fame; but the fame is his. By this one act he has made himself immortal upon the earth. The name of Harvard College was at once fixed upnii. The money which he left was verily a god- KENYON COLLEGE. 81 send; l)iit besides, his example was weiglity and contagious. The magistrates snhscriljed £200. The common people gladly followed. One reads with curions interest to-day the list of some of their gifts — a fruit .lisli, a sugar si)oon, five shillings. Their gifts were small; hut like the widow's mite, some of them to-day are, no doubt, remembered in heaven. Harvard College was thus in tiie ])eginning aide.! by the Stale, and also l>y individual men and women. Until long after the revolution yearly grants were made by the Legislature; l)u( lei it be noted that whereas the State has given to Harvard College an aggregate of several hundreds of thousands of of dollars, individual men and women have given as many millions. In the year 1700 several Congregational ministers met in New Haven. Kach had brought with him a few books, concerning which he said as he laid llicm upon the table: "I give these books for founding a college in Con- necticut."" e waiting to receive vou on the other side. I l)elieve, mvself, that tiiere will lie many an KENYON COLLEGE. unexpected meeting in the heavenly land that will bring great joy. A gentle- man wrote me a note one day after listening to a sermon which had impressed him, in which he said that if he did not meet me again on earth, he should make it his business to look for me in heaven. 1 was naturally amused by the form of expression, but after all, 1 could not doubt that the man had the right idea. There are men whom I have never seen on earth whom I love. I ex- pect to meet them, and know them, and tell them of my gratitude and affec- tion in the better life beyond the grave. There are men whose writings have been to me a light in darkness. There are men whose noble lives have in- spired me and cheered me on. I have never seen them here, but I shall see them and thank them in the great hereafter. Qualities of intellect and heart may thus leave their impression after one has passed away from earth, and money may do the same. The Bible never underrates money. It always recognizes its tremendous power. But it does warn men against covetousness, which is idolatry. It urges men to be its master, and not its slave, and it does tell them most earnestly of a bank of deposit which can never fail, though the earth be removed and though the mountains be carried into the midst of the sea. It tells them that treasure used for noble and unselfish ends is so much treasure laid up in heaven. Edward Everett has beautifully said : " Well does the example of John Harvard teach us that what is thus given away is in reality the portion best saved and longest kept. In the public trusts to which it is confided it is safe as far as anything human is safe from the vicissitudes to which all else is ' subject. Here neither private extravagance can squander, nor personal necessity exhaust it. Here it will not perish with the poor clay to whose natural wants it would else have been appropriated. Here, unconsumed itself, it will feed the hunger of the mind, the only thing on earth that never dies, and endure and do good for ages after the donor himself has ceased to live in aught but his benefactions." I should like to be able to give money that would help young men to get an education through all generations. I am sure of the gratitude and the service with which they would amply repay me in the ages to come. If I were rich, I believe that I should feel as Samuel Williston did when he gave his hundreds of thousands of dollars, and wrote : " Believing that the image and glory of an allwise and holy God are most brightly reflected in the knowledge and holiness of his rational creatures, and that the best interests of our coun- try, the Church, and the world are all involved in the intelligence, virtue, and piety of the rising generation ; desiring, also, if possible, to bring into exist- ence some permanent agency that shall live when I am dead, and extend my usefulness to remote ages, I have thought that I could in no other way more effectually sei've God or my fellow men than by devoting a portion of the KENYON COLLEGE. §9 properly He lias iiiveii iiie to the estalilishineiit and ample ondowmeiit of an institution for the intellectual, moral, and reliitiou.s education of youth." Ah, my fi'iends, endowments like that outlast the ajies ! cm RCIl.MKX .\NI) CUKISTI.\N8. I appeal to you, lastly, as Churchmen, and as ('hristians. When Henry Clay's last earthly days had come, he said that there were two things that irave him hope for the future of our lancL Tlie one was the Supreme Court of the United States. The other was the Protestant Episcopal Church. This Church is our heritage — a heritage enriched with the wisdom and the jjiety of eighteen Christian centuries. No Church is so well qualified to take the lead in higher education. Gov. Dennison tells me that Mr. Lincoln said to him one day : " It is very reinarkal)le that so many members of my Cabinet have been Episcopalians — Seward, Cliase, Stanton, Blair, Father Welles, yourself, all Episcopalians." As you know, iriends, this Church is attracting to itself more and more of such men, and when they do not themselves go so far as to leave the religious bodies with which they have been connected, how olten do we hear them say, " If I had my life to go over again I should join the Episcopal Church, and I should l)e glad to see my children memliers of that Church to- day." This (.Uiurch of ours is a grand bulwark of lilierty and righteousness. It is the Church that holds fast to the form of sound words. The value of its liturgical service is being more appi'eciated every day. And it is beginning to be found out that it is the " roomiest Church in Christendom." It does not put its communicants into a straight jacket. It does not require their assent to a complicated system of religious doctrine. It simply asks them if they ))elieve the articles of the Christian faith, as contained in the Apostles' Creed, and pledges them to strive through God's help to obediently keep His com- mandments. In a word, this Church is catholic, broad, liberal, and at the same lime soundly and thoroughly Christian. Our young men must be edu- cated under the intluence of some religious teaching. Let us rejoice that we are able to give them the best. Well do our Trustees say in their appeal: " C:hristian character is worth more than any measure of mental endowment, worth more as a personal possession, worth more as an outward intluence, worth more even as mercantile capital. In these days of rich insolvencies, and respectable defalcations, and cultured embezzlements, real Christian char- acter is to be more and more at a premium. In too many of our colleges Christianity is overlooked, and in too many others it is so presented that it does not attract the noblest natures, nor do the best work. AVhen rightly appre- hended it is an adequate cause ibr the production of all that is strongest, and truest, and bravest, and noblest in human character. It ought to be so pre- sented that it will be seen to be such a (uiuse, and felt to be such a cause. We believe that it is so i)resented at (ianil)ier."' Kenyon College thus 90 KEN YON COLLEGE. appeals very strongly to Churchmen. Our men of means should rejoice to be able to help so good a cause. But, more than this, there must be men outside the pale of any C'hurch, who have money they would like to use to bless their fellow men, and help their country. I wish that such men might be led to consider the great value of this foundation which has been already laid by Kenyon College. Upon tiiis foundation let them build their enduring monuments. The Trustees of Kenyon College have always been among the best men of Ohio. Our leading business men and lawyers (one of tliem now Chief Justice of the United States) have been glad to give of their time and brains and elforts for the good of this grand old college. As it has been in the past, so will it be also in the future. The man who gives to Kenyon has, in the character of the men who do and will control it, the very best guarantee that his money will be, in the language of Mr. Justice Swayne, " wisely and well applied, and faithfully, according to the direction of the donor." COLLEGES OF THE WEST. I have spoken this morning chiefly to men of Ohio. In doing so it is pos- sible that I may have given the impression that Kenyon College is exclusively | an Ohio institution. But I rejoice to say it is now much more. Within a year! Trustees have been elected from Michigan, Indiana, Kentucky, West Virginia, j and Western Pennsylvania, and to-day such men as Gov. Stevenson, of Ken- tucky, and Gov. Baldwin, of Michigan, are cordially working with our Ohio ] Trustees that we may all speedily soe Kenyon, in the words of Stanley Mat- thews, " not only living and prospering, but growing to be great and command- ing — the institution of the center of the AVest." "There is no reason," he adds, "why this should not be; there are many reasons why it ought to l)e; there are many reasons why I think it will be." Our outlook before has never been anything like so good as it is to-day. Our students are rapidly increasing in numbers. There has been a gain of more than 100 per cent, within three years. Our friends seem to be waking up to a realization of the immense worth of Kenyon College. '" Let us make it a great college," they say, ''worthy of the great West, and worthy of our grand old Church. We do not want one college in Ohio, and one in Indiana, and one in Kentucky, and one in Michigan. We want one great college tliat shall draw from all these States." Gov. Hendricks recently said : " I shoidd regard it as a calamity to see Churchmen attempt to establish a college in Indiana. No ! Let us unite and make Kenyon College great." Thank God that the wisdom of this policj' has been seen, and that it has been acted upon. By this single act Kenyon College has made great forward strides. Thirty-five years ago Abbott Lawrence gave i|! 50,000 to Harvard College. His brother, Amos Lawrence, thereupon wrote to him in words as follows : KENYON COLLEGE. 91 •■Dkak EudTiiKK AiiiidTT — I lianllv (l;irc- trust mysi-lf 1(» speak wliat I leel, and therefore write a word to say that I tliaiik (Jod I am spared to this day to see accomplished by one so near and dear to me this best work ever done by one of our name, whicii will prove a lietter title to true nobility than any from the potentates of the world, ll i> more honorable, more to be cov- eted than the hijrhest politi(;al station in our country, pun-iuised as these stations olten are l)y time-servinji. It is to impress upon unlmrn millions the great trulli that our talents are trusts committed to us for use, and to be accounted for when the Master calls. This mafj^nilicent plan is the great tiling tiial vdu will see carried out if your life is spared, and you may well cherish it as the thing nearest your heai't. It enriches your descendants in a way that mere money never can do. and it is a belter investment liiau any you ever made." 1 believe this to be true. Abbott Lawrence was Minister fr) Knjilaml. lie "came within one" of being i'resident of the I'nited States. But he has left his descendants a better title to noble rank. By reason of this act of benev- olence he is counted as among the princes of the earth. But more — the Lawrence family in and around Boston is a better family to-day, more liappy and more prosperous than it would have been if its founders had not so gen- erously given away their hundreds of thousands of dollars. The gifts of Abbott and Amos Lawrence were tiie liesi investments tiiey ever made. Let us hear, then, tiie conclusion of the whole matter. As Oliver Wendell llohnes puts it, God bless you, gentlemen, learn to give Money to colleges while you live." Follow thus the example of Lawrence and PeaVjody, of Durant and Packer. But, if this may not be, give money by your wills to bless your I'cllow men, and to ])erj)etuate your own meniory ami usefulness througiiout all generations. IPbat c5ainbiov has Done for the ininistry Kenyon College is like most of the older colleges of our country — Har- vard, Vale. Princeton, Dartmouth, Williams, Amherst, Trinity — and like most of tlie older colleges of Ohio — Marietta, Western Reserve, Oberlin, Delaware, (iranville — in that it was established primarily to train men for the (,'hristian .Ministry. Has it been successful in this, its first great object? The total number of the graduates of Kenyon CVdlege is about six hun- dred. Of these graduates, about two hundred, that is about one-third of the entire number, have given themselves to the work of the sacred ministry. In addition thereto, there have been more than a hundred graduates of the Di- vinity departnuMil wlio were not graduates of the Collegiate depai'tnient ; so 92 ItENYON COLLEGE. that more than three hundred clergymen have received either their collegiate or their professional training, or both, in Gambler. As a body of men, these clergymen have been successful in their work, and have done great good in the Master's service. Two have become Bishops, the Rt. Rev. J. P. B. Wilmer, D. D., Bishop of Louisiana, and the Rt. Rev. J. M. Kendrick, D. D., Missionary Bishop of Ari zona and New Mexico. Some of Kenyon's sons, also, have labored faithfully as missionaries, not only on the i'rontier of our own country, but in Africa, China, and Japan. , The Rev. Dr. A. V. G. Allen, Professor in the Divinity School at Cam- i bridge, Mass., widely known, at home and abroad, tlirough his books, "Thej Continuity of Christian Thought," and " Jonathan Edwards," and one of the ' ablest of living theological writers, is a Kenyon graduate of the class of IStli'. His gifted and scholarly neighbor at Boston Higlilands, the Rev. Percy Browne, is a graduate of tlie class of 1804. Of the graduates of the Tlieological department, no one has wielded greater influence, or is deserving of higher honor, than the Rev. Dr. Heman Dyer, of the class of 1834. The Rev. Dr. John Cotton Smith was graduated in 1848. Who that knew him can ever i'orget liis winning graciousness, his brilliant conversational powers, his charming eloquence, his vast attainmenis in literature and pliilosophy, as well as in Christian Tiieology. He was one ol' the mighty men of his generation. The Rev. Dr. Noah Hunt Schenck was . graduated in 1853. He too, was a man of mark and power. j Two graduates, who are now in the maturity of their powers, are widely ( known: the Rev. Dr. David H. Greer, the earnest and eloquent i-ector of St.' Bartholomew's Church, New York, and the Rev. Dr. AViliiam S. Langford, the efficient General Secretar}' of the Board of Missions. It would be invidious to mention the names of Ohio clergymen who have reflected honor upon Kenyon as their Alma Mater. They are numbered by scores. Some of them are to-day filling positions of prominence and great usefulness. -In times past, they have been everything to the Church in Ohio, filling very many of her parishes, and nobly doing their heroic work. Kenyon College has done great things for the State. Her graduates have been honored in the halls of Congress, in the Senate, on the Supreme Bench, and one as President of the United States. Four, who were indebted lor her training, became Major Genei-als during the War of the Rebellion, and hun- dreds fought and suffered for their country, many of them in positions of high responsibility. But Kenyon has also done great things for the Church. Some of her sons have done martyr service in the cause, of the King of Kings. In the future as in the past may she nobly serve the best interests of our coun- try, and of that higher, that Eternal Kingdom, which is " not of this world ! " kp:nyon college. 93 (Bifts to Koiiyon ^lolloao in the past The iiiuiilier of persons who have lieiierously contriltuled of I heir nieaiis to helj) tlie good work of Kenyon College is very large. The names of between three and four thousand donors are printed in Dr. Bronson's "■ Menienlo," which was published in the yeai- 18*50. The following list contains tiie names of those who have given a thousand (l(illai-s or upwards : Lord Kenyon England Lady Rossu England Rev. J. M. Roger.s England Mrs. Hannah More England Timothy Wiggin, Esq England Bishop Chase Ohio William Hogg, Esq Brownsville, Pa. Arthur Tappan, Esq New York Thomas Smith, Esq., King George's Co., Va. Charles Hoyt, Esq Brooklyn, N. Y. Dr. Abraham Hooe Virginia Mrs. Stuart Virginia P. G. Stuyvesant, Esq New York Charles U. Betts, Esq New York Rev. Archibald M. Morrison. . . .New York Mrs. C. A. Spencer New York John D. Wolfe, Esc, New York James F. Sheafe, Esq New York Mr. Barclay New York E. W. Cunningham, Esq.. .Brooklyn, N. Y. Nicholas Luquier, Esq Brooklyn, N. Y. Thomas H. Powers, Esq Philadelphia Jay Cooke, Esq Philadelphia Joseph Harrison, Esq Philadelphia John Bohlen, Esq Philadelphia Miss Bohlen Philadelphia Dr. John Johns Maryland Bishoji Mcllvaine Ohio Bishop Bedell Ohio Mrs. G. T. Bedell Ohio Robert B. Bowler, Esq Cincinnati Mrs. R B. Bowler Cincinnati Larz Anderson, l'",sq Cincinnati \Vm. Procter, Esq Cincinnati Grillin Taylor, Esq Cincinnati Henry Probasco, Esq Cincinnati S S. L'Hommedieu, Esq Cincinnati Brothers Kilgour Cincinnati George Peabody, Es(( England Wni. Welsh, E.l liif seal of the Institution was simi)ly marked K. C. in script. In 1835 it was "resolved that a seal with this mntXn, • SigiUit/ii ('ollegil Kenyonensis- Ohio 102 KENYOX COLLEGE. Heap..' be and the same is hereby adopted as the seal of the corporation." Aud this to-day remains the corporate seal of " The Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio." It is an instructive fact in this connection that Bishop Chase's Illinois institution was named by him. not "The Theological Seminary of the Protest- ant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Illinois." but " Jubilee College." And yet this institution vras almost .precisely such an institution as he had been laboring to establish at Gambler. He tells us in his " Reminiscences " that in 1835 he went the second time to England, "seeking the same blessing lohich he had before received for Ohio, means to found a College of sacred learning for the education of ministers of the Gospel.'^ or, in language used 1 \v him at the same time, "to establish a Theological Seminarg in Illinois." (Rem.. Vol. 2. p. 238.) When he returned home the weightiest matter on his mind was " to lay the foundation for the education of clergymen hy the judicious location of the contemplated Seminary." (p. J:36.) In Illinois, as in Ohio. Bishop Chase insisted upon a secluded spot for his institution. He bought several thousand acres of land. His students must work on this farm. In Illinois, as in Ohio, he must have a printing-press also. and provision made thereby for useful manual toil. The charter spoke of his Illinois institution as the " College or Seminary." Some of his English friends called it a 'Tfieological Seminary. (Rem., Vol. 2. p. 350.) He himself called it "a Seminary for the education of young men for the Christian ministry in the Episcopal Church of Illinois." and yet. when he came to the matter of choosing a name for this institution, he called it Juiilee College. In explanation of this choice of name he feelingly wrote : •■ You ask me why I call rny Illinois institution JuMlee College. I answer, that name of all others suits my feelings and circumstances. I wish to give thanks and rejoice that after seven years, passed in much trouble, pain, and moral servitude. God hath permitted me, for Jesus" sake, to return unto His gracious favor. In September, 1831, I left those dear places by me named Gambler Hill and Kenyon College ; in 1838. precisely in the same month and the same day of the month, to blow the trumpet in Zion for joy that another school of the prophets, more than 500 miles still farther towards the setting sun, is founded to the glory of the great Redeemer." (Rem.. Vol. 2. p. M6.) (2.) The Elimination of the 9th Article of the present Constitution. The last clause of this article is not in the original Constitution. In lieu of the first clause it is proposed to give the Bishop of Ohio full authority in spiritual things. (See proposed Article 13.) KliNV^OM COLLEGE 103 (8.) It is proposed that there sliall l)e, not a President oltiie Tiieoloiiical Seminary and a President ol' Kenyon Colleiie. luit a President ol' the Insti- tntion. Bishop Chase insisted to liis dying day that he iiad founded at Ciambier, not two institutions, but one. Tiie hnijiuage of the Diocesan Convention of isi'fi was, "Kesolved, That the Theological Seminary of the Diocese of Ohio and Kenyon College be, and the same hereby is, forever established," etc. The vcrl) is not plural, but singular, and refers to but one institution. So when the corner stone was laid it was the one corner-stone of the Theological Seminary and Ivenyon College. Bishop Chase afterwards spoke of the "Theological Seminary, alias Kenyon College ; " of the " Theological Seminary, surnamed Kenyon College;" of the "Theological Seminary, for brevity's sake called Kenyon College;" of the ''Seminary with collegiate powers annexed," but he always insisted that he had established at Gambier only one institution, " A Seminary of learning upon Christian principles," legally known as '"The The- ological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio," lint, tile Bishop distinctly says, ^^ named by me Kenyon College.^' As to the wisdom of making the proposed changes there may be room lor question. As to the right to make them there can be no question, jtrovided tills right is exercised in the constitutional way. In the original Constitution, adopted in 1824, provision was made for changes. This the English trustees knew, and considered fully helbre their funds were transferred to this country. They had no care as to rutiiiv changes, provided it were fixed that the funds raised in England should never " be appropriated to any other use (lian the education and theological instruction of students for the ministry in the Pro- testant Episcopal Churcii." It is clear that any change in the Constitution authorizing a departure from the objects and purposes of the trust would be unlawful. It is ecjually clear that changes affecting only the mode of administering the trust are lawful. 104 KESYOX COLLEGE. donstttution Hcu? ilonstitution Akticle I. The Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in the Diocese of Oliio, do hereby establish a Seminary for the education of Ministers of the Gospel in said Church, and also a Col- lege, for general instruction in Litera- ture and the Arts, with the necessary Preparatory Schools; such Seminary and College to be founded upon dona- tions made, and to be made, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and in America, for that pur pose. Said Seminary to be known by the name of the Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in the Diocese of Ohio, in accordance ^^^th the original act of incorporation, of December 29, 1824; said College, for instruction in Literature and the Arts, to be known as Kenyon College, in accordance with the act supplemental to said original act of incorporation, passed March 26, 1839. JfoTE — Adopted in this form in 1S72. From 1824 to 1872 the article read: Akt. L The Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church for the Diocese of Ohio do hereby establish a Seminary for the education of Ministers of the Gospel in said Church; such Seminary to be founded upon donations made, and to be made, in the United King- doms of Gre.at Britain and Ii-eland. and in America, for that purpose, and to be known by the name of "The Theological Semi- nary OF THE Protestant Episcopal Chtrch IX THE Diocese of Ohio." (PROPOSECj) Article I. The Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in the Diocese of Ohio, do hereby establish a Seminary for the education of Ministers of the Gospel in said Church, and also a Col- lege, for general instruction in Litera- ture and the Arts, with the necessarj* Preparatory Schools; such Institution to be founded upon donations made, and to be made, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and in America for that purpose. Said Insti- tution to be known by the name of Kenyon College, in accordance with the original act of incorporation, of December 29. A. D. 1S24. and the order of Court chanKins: tlie name thereof. Article II. The said Institution shall consist, first, of a Theological School ; second, of a Collegiate School ; third, of a Pre- paratory School, and such other Schools as may be established by the Board of Trustees. Appropriate Degrees may be conferred by the Faculties of the several Schools, respectively. KENYON COLLEGE. 105 Article II. The said Institutions shall be estab- lished by the Convention of the Dio- cese, at such place within the same as shall be consistent with the deed of donation, executed by the Bishop of Ohio, in England, on the 27th day of November, 1823, and when once e.stab- lished shall Ibrever aiter remain in the same place. From 1824 to 1872 this read "the said Semi- nary," instead of "the said Institutions." Article III. The direction and management of said Institutions shall be vested in a Board of Trustees, which shall consist I of the Bishop of the Diocese, for the time being, in which the Seminary may be situated ; the Assistant Bishop of said Diocese, if there be one ; the Bishop or Bishops of any other Diocese or Dioceses which may be taken from and eml)race territory now within the limits of the Diocese of Ohio ; the Pres- ident of Kenyou College, and other Clerical and Lay Trustees as follows, to-wit : Four Clerical and four Lay Trustees, who shall remain in office in the first instance, two of them, to-wit : one Clergyman and one Layman, for . the term of tw^o, four, six, and eight years, respectively, and thereafter their L successors shall hold their offices for . the term of ten years respectively. Said Clerical and Lay Trustees shall be members of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and shall be chosen in the first instance by the Convention of the Dio- cese of Ohio; and all vacancies that Article III. The said Institution shall be estab- lished by the Convention of the Dio- cese, at such place within the same as shall be consistent with the deed of donation, executed by the Bishop of Ohio, in England, on the 27th day of November, 1823. Article IV. The direction and management of said Institution shall be vested in a Board of Trustees, which shall consist of the Bishops and Assistant Bishops, if there be such, of all Dioceses witliin the limits of the State of Ohio, the Pres- ident of the Institution, and other Cler- ical and Lay Trustees as follows, to-wit: Four Clerical and four Lay Trustees, who shall remain in office in the first instance, two of them, to-wit, one Clergyman ami one Layman, for the term of two, four, six, and eight years, respectively, and thereafter their suc- cessors shall hold their offices for the term of ten years, respectively. Said Clerical and Lay Trustees shall be members of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and all vacancies that shall occur in said number of Clerical and Lay Trustees, or their successors, by death, resignation, or otherwise, shall forever, as often as the same may occur, be filled by the remaining members of the Board of Trustees, a majority of the members so remaining being necessary 106 KENYON COLLEGE. shall occur in said number of Clerical and Lay Trustees, or their successors, by death, resignation, or otherwise, shall forever, as often as the same may occur, be filled by the remaining mem- bers of the Board of Trustees, a major- ity of the members so remaining being necessary to such choice ; provided, that in case the Diocese of Ohio shall be divided, all vacancies shall be so tilled as to give, as far as practicable, an equal number of such trustees to each of said Dioceses. And the Boai'd of Trustees may, in its discretion, declare the olBce of any trustee so chosen for ten years, to be vacated, whenever, having been duly notified, he shall have failed to attend a meet- ing of the Board for two consecutive years, and his place shall be filled by the remaining members of the Board, as hereinbefore pi'ovided for filliug vacancies. This article, as adopted in 1824, read: Art. ni. The direction and management of said Seminar}- sliall be vested in a Board of Trustees, wliich shall consist of the Bishop of the Diocese for the time being, and of four Clerical and four Lay Trustees, to be chosen by the Convention of the Diocese, and to re- main in office for the term of three years, and until their successors are chosen. This arti- cle, so far as it respects the number of Clerical and Laj- Trustees, may from time to time be amended by a concurring resolution of the Convention, and of the Board of Trustees of the Seminary, so as to increase the number of Clerical and Lay Trustees, until the number of each may be twelve; which number shall thereafter constitute the permanent Board of Clerical and Lay Trustees. In 1839 it was amended to read: Art. m. The direction and management of said Semimiry shall be vested in a Board of Trustees, which shall consist of the Bishop of to such choice ; provided that all vacan- cies shall be so filled as to give, as far as practicable, an equal number of such Trustees to each of the Dioceses in the State of Ohio. And the Board of Trustees may, in its discretion, de- clare the office of any Trustee so chosen for ten years, to be vacated, whenever, having been duly notified, he shall have failed to attend a meeting of the Board for two consecutive years, and his place sJiall be filled by the remaining mem- bers of the Board, as hereinbefore pro- vided for filling vacancies. Provided that nothing herein shall be so con- strued as to remove from office any member of the Board of Trustees as now constituted. KENYON COLLEGE 107 the Diocese for the time being, .and of four Clerical and four Lay Trustees, to be chosen by the Convention of the Diocese, and to re- main in office for the term of three years, and i' until their successors are chosen. t Provided that no officer of the Seminary, or j of any Institution that may be annexed there- I to, shall be eligible to said Board. This arti- cle, so far as it respects the number of Cler- 'ical and Lay Trustees, may from time to time be amended by a concurring resolution of the Convention, and of the Board of Trustees of the Seminary, so as to increase the number of Clerical and Lay Trustees, until the number of II each may be twelve; which number shall there- after constitute the permanent Board of Cler- ical and La3' Trustees. I In 1845 this proviso thus added was amended Ho read: "Provided that no officer of the Sem- inary, or any Institution that may be annexed thereto, except the President of Kenyon Colleye, shall be eligible to said Board." In 1857 the number of Trustees was changed to six Clerical and six Lay Trustees, instead of four. Article IV. There shall be also six additional members of said Board, to-wit, three Clerical and three Lay Trustees, to be chosen by the Convention of the Dio cese, as follows : At the first election occurrinii under this amended Consti- tution, one-third of said Clerical and Lay Trustees, so to be elected, shall be designated to hold their offices for the term of one year, one-third for the term of two years, and the remaining third for the term of three years; and sub- ject to this provision, the term of office of said Trustees shall be for three years. or for a shorter period in case of an election to fill vacancies occurring be fore the e.xpiration of a full term. In case the Diocese of Ohio shall hereafter be divided, then, as to said last men- Article V. There shall be also six additional members of said Board, to-wit: three Clerical and three Lay Trustees, to be chosen in equal numbers by the Con- ventions of the Dioceses in the State of Ohio. The term of office of said Trus- tees shall be for three years, or for a shorter period in case of an election to fill vacancies occurring before the expi- ration of a full term. In case either of the Dioceses in the State of Ohio shall hereafter be divided, then, as to said last mentioned six Trus- tees and their successors, all vacancies that shall occur thereafter shall be so filled as to divide said last mentioned six Trustees, as nearly as may be, equally between- and among all the Dioceses in the State of Ohio, in the 108 KENYON COLLEGE, tinned six trustees and their successors, all vacancies that shall occur thereafter, shall be so filled as to divide said last mentioned six Trustees, as nearly as may be, equally between and among all the Dioceses into which the present Diocese of Ohio may be so divided, in the order of seniority. But if said Dio- ceses shall increase to four or more, then each of said Dioceses shall be en- titled to a representation of two Trus- tees in said Board, which shall be ipso facto enlarged to that extent for such purpose. Said Trustees shall be elected by the Conventions of said Dioceses by ballot, or in case the Convention of any such Diocese shall at any time adjourn without filling a vacancy whicli it may have the right to fill as aforesaid, then, and in all such cases, vacancies may be filled by the Convention of the Diocese in which said Seminary may be situated- Adopted in 1873. order of seniority. But if said Dioceses shall increase to four or more, then each of said Dioceses shall be entitled to a representation of two Trustees in said Board, which shall be ipso facto en- larged to that extent for such purpose. Said Trustees shall be elected by the Convention of said Dioceses by ballot, or in case the Convention of any such Diocese shall at any time adjourn with- out filling a vacancy which it may have the right to fill as aforesaid, then, and in all such cases, vacancies may be filled by the Conventions of the Diocese in which said Institution may be situated ; provided, that nothing herein shall be so construed as to remove from office any member of the Board of Trustees as now constituted. Article V. Four additional Trustees may be ap- pointed by the joint vote of the Alumni of the Theological Seminary of the Dio- cese of Ohio, and the Graduates of Ken- yon College, who shall be graduates of three years' standing respectively, to wit : Two Clerical and two Lay Trus- tees to be selected from said Alumni and Graduates, respectively ; said four Trustees to be elected by ballot. The vote to be given under such rules and regulations as to secure a fair expression of the will of said Alumni and Gradu- ates, and, to time, place, and otherwise, as the Presidents of tiie Board of Trus Article YI. Six additional Trustees may be ap- pointed by the joint vote of the Alumni of the Theological School and the Grad- uates of the Collegiate School who shall be graduates of three years' standing respectively, to-wit : Three Clerical and three Lay Trustees to be selected from said Alumni and Graduates, respect- ively, said six Trustees to be elected by ballot; the vote to be given under such rules and regulations prescribed hj the Board of Trustees as to secure a fair expression of the will of said Alumni and Graduates. A majority of the votes cast shall be necessarv to a choice, and KENYON COLLEGE. 109 tees and ol' Keiiyon College tor the time being shall prescribe. A majority of the votes cast shall be necessary to a choice, and in the election of said Trus- tees, in the first instance, the ballots shall specify one as elected for one year; one for two years; one for three years; and one four years, and, subject to this provision, the term of oilice of said Trustees shall be for four years, or for a shorter period in case of tilling vacancies occuring liefore the expira- tion of a full term. Adopted in 187'i. in the election of said Trustees, in the first instance, the ballots shall specify two as elected for one year; two for two years; two for three years; and, sub- ject to this provision, the term of office of said Trustees shall be for three years, or for a shorter period in case of tilling vacancies occurring before the expira- tion of the full term. Article VI. Every Trustee elected under Article III and IVof this Constitution shall be a citizen ot' Ohio; and if such Trustee shall, during the term tor which he was elected, cease to be a bona fide resident of the State, his otfice shall be thereby vacated, and his place shall be filled as in other cases; and no officer of any Institutio7i under the control of said Board of Trustees, except the I'resi- dent of Kenyon College, shall be eligi- ble to said board. Adopted in 1872. Article VII. Every Trustee elected under Article IV and V of this Constitution shall be a citizen ol' Ohio; and if such Trustee shall, during the term for which he was elected, c-ease to be a bona fide resident of the State, his otfice shall be thereby vacated, and his place shall be filled as in other cases; and no officer of the Institution except the President, shall be eligible to said Board. Article VII. Two additional Trustees, one Clerical and one Lay, may be appointed liy the Diocesan Convention of each of the Dioceses of Pittsburgh, West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana, and Michigan, for such terms as said several Conventions may determine. Eleven Trustees shall constitute a quorum of the Board. Adopted in 1881. Article VIII. Two additional Trustees, one Clerical and one Lay, may be appointed by the Diocesan Convention of each of the Dioceses of Pittsburgh, West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana, and Michigan, for such terms as said several Conventions may determine. Eleven Trustees shall constitute a quorum of the Board. 110 KENYON COLLEGE. Article VIII. The Bishop of the Diocese in which the Seminary may be situated, shall be President of the Board, and if present shall preside ; but in his absence the Senior Bishop present shall preside, and in the absence of all the Bishops a President pro tem. shall be appointed by ballot, whose office shall expire on the final adjournment of the meeting of the Board at which the appointment was made. From 1824 to 1873 this article read: Art. IV. A majority of tlie whole number of Trustees shall be necessary to constitute a quorum to do business. The Bishop, if pres- ent, shall preside. In his absence a President pro tem. .shall be appointed by ballot, whose office shall expire with the final adjournment of the meeting of the Board at which the ap- pointment was made. If any vacitncy shall happen in the Board of Trustees, such vacancy shall be filled by the Convention that may meet next thereafter. Article IX. The Bishops of the several Dioceses in Ohio shall share an equal relation- ship to the Board. They shall each hold the office of President of the Board during one year in rotation, and in the absence of all the Bishops, a President pro tem. shall be appointed, by ballot, whose office shall expire on the final adjournment of the meeting of the Board at which the appointment was made. Article IX. The Seminary shall be under the immediate charge and superintendence of the Bishop who may be President of the Board, and during the recess of the Board he shall be the Prudential Com- mittee in all' secular matters of said Seminary. In the original Constitution of 1824 this arti- cle read: Art. V. The Seminary shall be under the immediate charge and superintendence of the Bishop of the Diocese for the time being, as principal Professor and President; and the sal- ary to be received for his service shall be fixed by the Board of Trustees, at their annual meet- ing preceding the commencement of such sal- ary. KEN YON COLLEGE. HI In 1820 it was chaDged to read: Akt. V. The Seminary sliall be under tlie immediate charge and superintendence of the Bisliop of the Diocese for the time l)eiiig, a.s President of the Institution. In 183'J the words were added: ''And ditr- iiiy the recess nf llie Board the Bishop shall he the J'ruiliiiHal Committee in all secular 7)iat(ers oj the Iiislitution" Article X. Tlie Board of Trustees shall have power to constitute Professorships and Faculties, and to appoint and remove the Professors, and to prescribe courses of study, and to make all rules and reg- ulations and statutes, which may be necessary for the government of the Institutions, or either of them, and to secure their prosperity ; provided, that all such rides, regulal ions, or other pro- ceedings shall forever be in conibrmity to the doctrine, discipline, constitution and canons ol' the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of Amer- ica, and, in respect to the Seminary, to the course of study prescribed, or to be prescribed, by the Bishops of the said Church, and subject to the provisions of the Xlth and Xllth Articles of this Constitution. Adopted in 1824, except the hitter clause: "And subject to the provisions of the Xlth and Xllth Articles of the Constitution," which was added in 1873. And that the word Semi- nary was used instead of "the Institutions." Article X. The Board of Trustees shall have power to constitute Professorships and Faculties, and to appoint and remove a President of said Institution and Pro- fessors, and to prescribe courses of study, and to make all rules and regu- lations and statutes, which may be necessary for the government of the Institution, and to secure its prosper- ity, provided, that all such rules, regu- lations, or other proceedings shall for- ever l)e in conformity to the doctrine, discipline, constitution, and canons of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, and in re- spect to the Theological School, to the course of study prescribed or to be pre- scribed l)y the Bishops of the said Church, and subject to the provisions of the Xlth and Xllth Articles of this Constitution; and provided, also, that no course of study shall be prescribed for the Theological School without the assent thereto of a majority of the Bishops of the Dioceses in Ohio. Article XI. If at any time the General Conven- tion of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, shall, by resolution entered in their journals, declare any rule, regulation, statute or other proceedings of the Hoard of Trus- Article XI. If at any time the General Conven- tion of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, shall, l)y resolution entered in their journals, declare any rule, regulation, statute, or other proceedings of the Board of Triis- 112 KEN YON COLLEGE. tees hereby constituted, to be contrary to the doctrine, discipline, constitution, and canons of the Church, or to the course of study prescribed by the Bis- hops, such rule, regulation, statute or other proceeding shallthenceforth cease to have ell'ect, and shall be considered as abrogated and annulled. Adopted in 1834. tees hereby constituted, to be contrary to the doctrine, discipline, constitution, and canons of the Church, or to the course of study prescribed by the Bis- hops, such rule, regulation, statute, or other proceeding, shall thenceforth cease to have effect, and shall be con- sidered as abrogated and anulled. Article XII. The Bishops of the Protestant Epis- copal Church in the United States of America, shall individually, and any two or more of them, be visitants of the Seminary, to take care that the course of discipline and instruction be confor- mable to the preceding provision;^ And it shall be lawful lor any one of the Bishops aforesaid, at any time, to institute, in his own name and character of Bishop, any proper legal process to enforce and secure the administration of the Seminary, according to the foun- dation herein prescribed. Adopted in 1S24. Article XIII. The Board of Trustees having hereto- fore established a College with the ne- cessary preparatory schools as hereto- fore in the 1st Article hereof recognized, and subject to the Xlth and Xllth Articles of this Constitution, and with a President and Faculty, and with power to make all needful by-laws, and to appoint and remove all Professors and other olficers necessary to the govern- ment and prosperit.v of said College, it is hereby declared that the College and ARTIChE XII. The Bishops of the Protestant Epis- copal Church in the United States of America, shall, individually, and any two or more of them, be visitants of the Institution to take care that the course of discipline and instruction be con- formable to the preceding provisions. And it shall be lawful for any one of the Bishops aforesaid, at any time, to institute, in his own name and charac- ter of Bishop, any proper legal process to enforce and secure the administra- tion of the Institution, according to the foundation herein prescribed. Article XIII. The Bishop of the Diocese in which said Institution shall be situated shall have power to exercise Episcopal super- vision over the sjiiritual interests of the Institution. The present property and funds of the corporation shall continue applicable only to such uses and pur- poses as were lawful and appropriate prior to the change of the name to " Kenvon College. " SOMl', KICNVO.N lilv.NI';!' ACTORS. Rev. ArchibaUl M. Mc Mr.s. Kzra lili.ss. Jay Cooke, Hsq. Henry U. Curtis, LI, I). Lord Bc.\lcy. Columbus Delano, LI. I). C.eorse IValxxly, I.L. 1). .Mrs. K. H. Ho«lir. John W. .Andrews. I.L, I) KENYON COLLEGE. 113 Preparatory Schools mentioned in the 1st Article herein, are a continuation of the same; and it is hereby provided, that the President of said College be appointed on the nomination of the Bishop who may be President of the Board, and, in case he shall not so nom- inate within two months after being re- quested so to do by the Board of Trus- tees, then they shall proceed to elect a President without such nomination ; provided that his Episcopal supervision and authority be understood as embrac- ing the spiritual interests of the College and its Preparatory Schools, and that tlie present property of the said Semi- nary, whatever use the Trustees may permit the College to make of any part thereof, shall always remain exclusively the property of the Seminary. This Article was adopted in this form in 1872. It is a modification of an article first adopted in 1839, and remaining as then adopted until 1873, as follows: Article IX. The Board of Trustees, as soon as the Convention of the Diocese shall so instruct them, shall annex to the Seminary a College, with the necessary Preparatory Schools; subject, like the Seminary, to the provisions of the Vllth and Vlllth Articles of the Constitution, whicli College shall have a separate President and Faculty, the Trustees having power to make all needful by-laws, and to appoint and remove all Professors and other ollicers necessary to the government and pros- perity of said College; provided, that the Pres- ident be appointed on the nomination of the Bishop of the Diocese, and that in case he shall not so nominate within two months after being requested so to do by the Board of Trustees, then they shall proceed to elect a President without such nomination; provided, also, that his Episcopal supervision and authority be understood as embracing the spiritual interests 114 KEN YON COLLEGE. of the College and its Preparatory Schools, and that the present property of the said Sem- inary, whatever use the Trustees may permit the College to make of any part thereof, shall always remain exclusively the property of the Seminary. Article XIV. This Constitution may be amended l3y the concurrent vote of the majority of the Bishops who may be members of tlie Board, a majority of the Board of Trustees, and a majority of the Conven- tion of the Diocese in whicli the Semi- nary shall be situated; provided, that no alteration or amendment whatever be made in this Constitution, whereby the funds of the Seminary, raised in England, be approjiriated to any other use than tiie education and theological instruction of students for the ministry in the Protestant Episcopal Church. Tlus proviso, however, does not pre- clude the lawfulness and constitution- ality of establishing a College, and making provision, so far as practicable, for the admission of other students, at their own expense, to the benefit of a College education. Adopted in 1873. In 1824 this Article read: Art. X. This Constitution may be amended by the concurrent vote of the Bishop, a major- ity of the Board of Trustees of the Semmary, and a majority of the Convention of the Dio- cese. But it at any time an amendment shall be proposed and voted unanimously by the Board of Trustees of the Seminary, and by the Convention, then such amendment shall pre- vail without the assent of the Bishop. In 1826 it was amended to read: Art. X. This Constitution may be amended by the concurrent vote of the Bishop, a major- ity of the Board of Trustees of the Seminary, and a majority of the Convention of the Dio- Article XIV. This Constitution may be amended by the concurrent vote of the majority of the Bishops who may be members of the Board, a majority of the Board of Trustees, and a majority of the Conven- tions of the Dioceses in the State of Ohio; provided, that no alteration or amendment whatever be made in this Constitution, whereby the funds of the Institution, raised in England, be ap- propriated to any other use than the education and theological instruction of students for the ministry in the Protest- ant Episcopal Church. This proviso, however, does not preclude the lawful- ness and constitutionality of establish- ing a College, and making provision, so far as practicable, for the admission of other students, at their own expense, to the benefit of a College education. Schedule. The foregoing amendments to the Constitution shall take efl'ect as soon as the name of the Corjioration shall be duly changed to *' Kenyon College," according to law. KENYON COLLEGE. 115 cese, with the concurrence of a majoritj' of the Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. Provided, that no alteration or ainenilment whatever be made in this Constitution, where- by the funds of the Seminary, raised in Eng- land, be appropriated to any other use than the education and theological instruction of students for the ministry in the Protestant Episcopal Church. This proviso, however, does not preclude the lawfulness and constitu- tionality of annexing a College to the Semi- nary, and making provision so far as is practi- cable for the admission of other students, at their own expense, to the benefit of a College education. [n 1839 the paragraph " with the concur- rence of a majority of the Bishops of the Pro- testant Episcopal Chui'ch in the United States " was stricken out. The following article which was a modifica- tion of Article IX of the original Constitution was stricken out in 1873. Article X. The Board of Trustees shall meet at Gambler annually on the day preced- ing the Commencement. The President of the Board shall at any time, upon the application in writing of one member of the Standing Committee of the Diocese, and two Clerical and two Lay Trustees, call a meeting of the Board, to be held at such other time and place as he may appoint, not exceeding thirty days from the day on which the application shall be presented. idkv from Hutf^crforb B. f?ayc5, (£.v=presibent of tl^c Unitcb States. Spiegel Grove, Fremont, 0., July 28, 1890. My Dear Sir — I am glad to learn that Kenyon is still to live. It would he a satisl'actioii to rae to contribute something in aid of the measures you so widely recommend. To write for your publication three things are required : the facts, the mood lor such work, and leisure. I suspect it will turn out that your application to me will prove a water-haul. But I will think of it. And 1 do wish you all success in the steps you are taking. Your printed paper* ])uts the question admirably. I hope all other friends of Kenyon will see it ;is I do, and help on your present undertaking. Thirteen Presidents since 1 went to Kenyon in 1838! The worry and confusion indicated by that fact would ruin any College, no matter what were its foundation, its opportuni- ties and its real merits. With all good wishes, sincerely, President Bodine, Gambier. RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. 'Letter to Bishop Vincent. 316 KENYON COLLEGE. (Dib ^cnyon. Air — " Ood Save the King." Dear Kenyon, mother dear, We come to hail thee here — Old sons of thine; We come with reverent feet, Thy sacred walls to greet, The dear, dear friends to meet. Of auld lang syne. II. Dear mother, at thy knee. Right loyal children, we Bow as of yore: Accept the songs we sing. Trust the true hearts we bring; Under thy shelt'ring wing Take us once more. Ah! while we lowly bow Here, close beside thee now, ' Hark! the old Bell! Old forms before us rise, Old mem'ries fill our eyes. Fond fancj', sobbing, tries Old tales to tell. Yes! Yes! we know them well. Those hours the deep-toned bell Pealed swift awav; Yes, yes, we know them yet, Forms we shall ne'er forget, Faces that once we met, Missed here to-day. Long as our lives shall last Thoughts o! that buried past Shall dearer grow. Far pilgrims though we be. Our hearts shall cling to thee. Our lives look back to see That long ago. VI. With thee our wishes dwell, For thee our love we'll tell With voice and pen; And still our prayers we'll pray God keep thee every way — And all thy sons shall say — Amen! Amen! Take then the songs we sing. Trust the true hearts we bring - True as of yore: God bless and keep thee here God bless thee year by year, God bless thee, mother dear — Now — evermore. RENYON COLLEGE. 117 paper by 2icv. ^kming, 3amc5, T>. D. XoTK. — This paper is printed herewith in two ditlerent forms: (1) As lead hel'ore tlie Board ol' Trustees at their meeting in June, 1885. (2) As puljlished in isS'.t, witli the signatures of certain descendants of Bishop Chase. CDriaiiuil Desicnn an^ 3'^"r"*-'y ^'^ X letter addressed to Bishop VViiite l)y Bishop Chase, on the eve of tiie hit- ter's departure to Enghind, exphiins his purpose in going. It bears date, New York, 23d Sept., 1823. It discusses tiiree points: The need of an inde- pendent Theological Seminary in tiie West for the education of a ministry taken from the sons of the soil; the plan ol' the proposed Seminary; and the question of its independence of tiie (leneral Theological Seminary in New York. As the letter is long, the follow- ing extracts are made, fully explaining each point: I. Need of an Independent Theolo- liicAL Seminary in the West. — Bishop Chase thus describes the feeling of his last Diocesan Convention, which had commissioned him to go to England : "If we are to wait until the Atlantic States are all supj)lied with clergymen, does not the increasing state of the (Muirch there forever extinguish the eye of hope that any will ever come from thence^ And this being the case, who will sup])ly our places when we are gone, to say nothing of the [larishes ^Lo tl]c Ht. KcP. the Bishops, With the Clergy and Laity of the Prot- estant Episcopal Church in the Diocese OF Ohio and Southern Ohio. We, the descendants of Bishop Phi- lander Chase, beg leave to address you, his successors in the Episcopate of the Church in Ohio, with the clergy and laity of the same, in regard to the Sem- inary which he founded to supply this portion of the Church with ministers. For some years past, we fear, this duty has been seriously neglected in the In- stitution, and there are radical changes now proposed which are likely to defeat the purpose of the foundation still more. 118 KENYON COLLEGE. unsupplied? So scanty are our libra- ries, and so incessantly are we engaged in parochial and missionary duties, that we can neither assist, direct, nor teach the young men who apply to us for orders, though they are only a few. If the qualifications for the ministry are to be kept up to their present standard (and we pray that they may ever be so), by what, except a miracle, can we be supplied with clergymen? The only answer to this question was given by stating the imperious necessity of hav- ing an institution for the education of young men for the ministry among those who are to be benefitted by their labors." j)p. 10, 11. II. The Plan of the Proposed Sem- inary. — "As to the plan itself, mature reflection has fixed on the following, in our case most eligible * * * * * It is understood that the institution is to be under the immediate care of the Bishop for the time being, or his sub- stitute, assisted by two or more Profes- sors of Sacred Learning and a Grammar School teacher.'" The sections omitted refer to the donation of a farm (Bishop Chase's gift) on which the students are to raise their supplies, iiot to the damage, how- ever, of their studies, and to their fur- ther employment in printing religious tracts and a periodical, pp. 13, 14. III. Its Independence of the Gen- eral Theological Seminary. — Bishop Hobart, of New York, had feared that the Ohio Seminaiy would interfere with the success of the General Theo- logical Seminary which had just been The first Bishop of Ohio found the Church here badlj^ crippled for want of ministers. After the failure of other efforts, he went to England, in the fall of 1823, to raise money for the purpose thus stated in his letter to Bishop White, dated September 23, 1823, writ- ten just before his departure : " By what, ..except a miracle, can we be sup- plied with clergymen?" The only an- swer to this question was given (in the resolutions of the preceding Diocesan Convention) by stating the imperious necessity of having an Institution for the education of young men for the ministry among those who are to be benefitted by their labors. On reaching England, he encount- ered a strong opposition. Bishop Ho; bart, of New York, feared that a Theo- logical Seminary in Ohio would injure the General Theological Seminary just started in New York Citv. His Iriends KEN YON COLLEGE. ]19 removed to New York. He wrote to Bisliop Chase, September 11, 1823 : " It (tlie General Theological Seminary) is justl.y refjarded as a principal means and pledge of her (the Church's) pros- perity. With a view to concentrate all ujiinions and efibrts, It is contemplated to iiive up the branch school at Geneva, in this State. A Diocesan school in Maryland ***** has, on the ])rinciple of supporting the General In- stitution alone, been put down with great unanimity by the last Conven- tion. ***** The necessity of such a school in Ohio at this time when tiiere are scarcely an.v candidates * * may well be denied. And should the necessity subsequently appear, the (General Seminary makes provision for the establishment of branch schools.'" p. 32. In reply, among other things. Bishop Cliase refers to Bishop Bowen's letter to him as one that highly approves, and states the necessity of having, a Theo- logical Seminary in the West. p. 18. Bishop Bo wen writes from Charleston, September 8, 1823 : '• Your clergy must be sons of the soil. ****** I am fully sensible that, if you have an efficient ministry at all, it must be con- stituted by the education among your- selves of men born and reared among yon." p. 2(5. Immediately after writing this letter. Bishop Chase sailed for England. He describes, in a letter written to Bishop Mcllvaine, May 26, 1834, the course which he took on reaching that coun- try. He claims that he would have been successful at once '' had I not been met 120 KENYON COLLEGE. by an American opposition, and that from a most respectable source — an opposition which condemned my plan on the sole ground that it was a Theological Seminary.'''' (He alludes to Bishop Hobart's ox)position.) "This opposition, being extraordinary in it- self, was to be met only by extraordi- nary means. 'What will you do to counteract the tide of opposition that is overwhelming you?' said a noble friend. My reply was, ' I will rely on the Almighty Power, * * * * and for the accomplishment of my object will pledge all I have of worldly sub- stance.' ' Do this,' said he, ' and I will aid you to the utmost of my power.' " The result may be seen in the follow- ing document, never before published, but read, alluded to, considered the foundation itself on which was framed the Constitution of the Theological Sem- inary of the Diocese of Ohio: " The Bishop of Ohio * * * will give his landed property, situate near the Village of Worthington, * * * to the society, or school, or Theolog- ical Seminary, for the education of young men for the Christian ministry to be organized by the Convention of the P. E. Church in the said State of Ohio, according to the plan or outline stated in his printed letter to the Rt. Rev. Bishop White, in Philadelphia, dated 23d September, 1823. The deed then provides for the legal incorporation of the Seminary in such sort as to secure its fidelity to the doc- trine, etc., of the P. E. Church, and i-equires the contribution in P]ngland of $ 10,000. It tlien adds : " It is under- raised the opposition in England. "An opposition," writes Bishop Chase, " which condemned my plan on the sole ground that it was a Theological Semiiiary.''' It staggered an influential friend who was ready to introduce the Ohio enterprise, until Bishop Chase, to reassure him, said : " I will pledge all I have of worldly substance for the accomplishment of this purpose." The result was a deed of donation of the Bishop's landed estate at Worthington to "the society, or school, or Theological Seminary, for the education of young men for the Christian ministry to be organized by the Convention of the P. E. Church in the said State of Ohio, acccording to the plan or outline stated in his (Bishop Chase's) printed letter to the Rt. Rev. Bishop White, in Phila- delphia," dated 23d September, 1823. KENYON COLLEGE. ll>] stood that the moneys collected for tlie above purpose are to be deposited, by permission, in the hands of the Rt. Hon. Lord Gam1)ier, and not to be transmitted to America until the said School, or Theological Seminary, shall have been, according to the said plan, duly and legally incorporated, and a title of said landed or other property and library in good faith given and executed to the said School or Semi- nary." (Rem., Vol. 2, pp. 805, 806.) This deed bore date November 27, 1823. It was shortly Ibllowed by a meeting of English friends of Bishop Chase's cause, who put forth an appeal entitled " An Appeal in Behalf of the Diocese of Ohio," etc. This appeal re- ferred to this deed as containing " the plan of thenitended Theological Semi- nary." Near the close it says : "Ade- quate aid furnished at this juncture will consolidate and extend the effici- ency of the American Church by con- tributing to supply with suitable min- isters that vast mass of population which is continually emigrating west- ward." A subscription is proposed at the end to raise a iund for the Theolo- gical Seminary in Ohio, " the proceeds of which will be vested in government securities in the names of the Rt. Hon. Lord Grambier and Mr. Hoare, till the same shall be drawn for by the proper authorities in the Diocese of Ohio." These Trustees, to whom were added Lord Kenyon and Rev. Dr. Gaskin, put forth at once a statement about the proposed subscription, the first sentence of which sets forth its entire purpose : " The undersigned, having engaged to This deed of donation was made the basis of all the funds raised in England at that time. The appeal put forth by Lord Gambler and others in response to which they were given, refers to this deed as containing "The plan of the intended Theological Seminary." The plan proposed in the letter to Bishop White becomes, therefore, of decisive authority in determining the purpose and character of the Institution then founded. (It should be remarked here that little stress should be laid on the terms College and Seminary^ the latter being unfamiliar to English people it is said, and the former being used gener- ally for all high educational institutions. Theological College was used to desig- nate what we should call a Theological Seminary.) 122 KEN YON COLLEGE. act as Trustees of a fund, now raising in this country, to assist in the establisli- ment of a Theological Seminary in tiie Diocese of Ohio, * * * beg to solicit the contributions of benevolent persons to that fund." These extracts show on what terius the proposed fund was raised in Eng- land. Action after Bishop Chase's return FROM England in 1824 and 1825.— Hav- ing raised over $25,000 (finally | 30,- 000) in England, Bishop Chase returned to his Diocese, and called a meeting of the Convention: It was held in Chil- licothe, November 3, 1824. To it the Bishop reported his success. " The avails of the subscription in England," said he, " are deposited in the hands of Trustees, * * * and not to be drawn for but upon certain conditions, and by the proper authorities. What these are you will perceive by attending to the deed of donation, dated, London, November 27, 1823." The Convention approved of his course in visiting Eng- land to solicit pecuniary aid towards establishing a Seminary for the educa- tion of ministers in the Church; they, further, approved of his conduct, and expressed their gratitude to the Eng- lish donors. A Committee on the estab- lishment of the Theological Seminary was appointed, and reported. Their report and a Constitution for the Semi- nary proposed by them were considered bj^ sections, and adopted. (Convention Journal, 1824.) The report and Constitution were based on the deed of donation of No- vember 27, 1823, and on the outline of The letter lo Bishop White gives tills plan as to the literary instruction of the students: " It is understood that the Institution is to be under the im- mediate care of the Bishop for the time being, or his substitute, assisted by two or more Professors of Sacred Learning and a Grammar School Teacher." (Reminiscences, Vol. 1, pp. 201, 202.) Action after Bishop Chase's return FROM England in 1824 and 1825. — Hav- ing raised over $25,000 (iinally $30,- 000) in England, Bishop Chase returned to his Diocese and called a meeting of the Convention. It was held in Chilli- cothe, November 3d, 1824. To it the Bishop reported his success. " The avails of the subscription in England," said he, " are deposited in the hands of Trustees, * * * and not to be drawn for, but upon certain conditions, and by the proper authorities. What these are you will perceive by attending to the deed of donation, dated, London, November 27, 1823. The Convention approved of his course in visiting Eng- land to solicit pecuniary aid towards establishing a Seminary for the educa- tion of ministers in the Church ; they further approved of his conduct there, and expressed their gratitude to the English donors. A Committee on the establishment of the Theological Semi- nary was appointed and reported. Their report and a Constitution for the Semi- nary proposed by them were considered by sections and adopted. (Convention Journal for 1824.) The report and Constitution were based on the deed of donation of No- vember 27, 1823, and on the outline of KENYON COLLEGE. 123 the jjlan of tlie Seminary stated in Bishop Ciiase's letter to Bishop White, referred to in tlie deed. Tiie seat of the Seminary is to be near the Bishop's residence. "According to the plan which forms the basis and foundation of all the donations made, the Bishop of the Diocese is to reside at the Semi- nary, and to have charge and direction of it as one of its principal Professors and President, and as such is to receive a proper compensation out of the funds contributed. The Committee conceive thai the essential interests of the Semi- nary, as well as the obligations of good faith, require that this part of the plan be strictly adhered to, so that the seat of the Seminary is closely connected with the proper point for the Bishop's residence; and this connection ought to be recollected in all our deliberations upon the subject.'' Article I. of the Constitution says that the Convention " do hereby estab- lish a Seminary for the education of ministers of the Gospel in the said (P. E.) Church.'" No other purpose is men- tioned in the report and in the Consti- tution. Provision was made for a Board of Trustees to direct and manage the Seminary; and the General Convention of the Church and its Bishops were vested with authority to secure the fidelity of the Seminary to the princi- ples of its foundation. Provision was made, further, to obtain an act of incor- ])oration according to these principles. Bishop Chase's chief assistant in these measures was Mr. C. Hammond, a distinguished lawyer, a man of the lii";hest integrilv of character, and of the plan of the Seminary stated in Bishop Chase's letter to Bishop AVhite referred to in the deed. The seat of the Seminary is to be near the Bishop's residence. ''According to the plan which forms the basis and foundation of all the donations made, the Bishop of the Diocese is to reside at the Semi- nary, and to have charge and direction of it as one of its principal Professors and President, and as such is to receive a proper compensation out of the funds contributed. The Committee conceive that the essential interests of the Semi- nary, as well as the obligations of good faith, require that this part of the plan be strictly adhered to, so that the seat of the Seminary is closely connected with the proper point for the Bishop's residence; and this connection ought to be recollected in all our deliberations upon the subject." Article I. of the Constitution says that the Convention " do hereby estab- lish a Seminary for the education of ministers of the Gospel in the said (P. E.) Church.'' No other purpose is men- tioned in the report and in the Consti- tution. Provision was made for a Board of Trustees to direct and manage the Seminary; and the General Convention of the Church and its Bishops were vested with authority to secure the fidelity of the Seminary to the pi-inci- ples of its foundation. Provision was made, further, to obtain an act of incor- poration according to these principles. Bishop Chase's chief assistant in these measures was Mr. C. Hammond, a distinguished lawyer, a man of the highest integrity of character and of 124 KEN YON COLLEGE. excellent judgment. In a letter to tlie Eev. B. P. Aydelott, dated Marcli 2(i. 1832, he aCtei-wards described liis |)art in all the proceedings as ibllows : " When Bishop Chase returned from Knglanil in the autumn of IS'24, and convened a Conveu(i(in ol' (ho Diocese, * * * * he addressed nie a letler earnestly requesting me to meet him there a lew days belore tlie sitting fit the Convention. I did so. He com- municated to me irankly and I'reely the events of his mission, his engagements, plans, and object. In contbrmity with these, I prepared the Constitution ot the Seminary, wliicli was approved by him. A{ his suggestion, I agreed to serve as I'rustee, and was appointed one of tlie Committee of Two to apply to the Legislature tor an act of incorpo- ration. When at Columbus for this purpose, amongst others, in December, 1824, 1 visited the Bishop, then residing at AVorthington. The bill ibr incorpo- rating the Seminary was submitted to him. He approved it, and it was passed without tlie alteration of a sin- gle letter."' This act of incorporation, so fully matured and approved by Bishop Chase, is in keeping with the original basis. It decjares itself to be based on a petition which represented that a Seminary for theological education has been established by said Convention (of Ohio) within this State; it incor- porates the institution under the name of the "Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio," and closes with tiie following section: ''Section 4. Tlie General Assemblv mav at any time cxccdlent judgment. In a letter to Ivev. 1!. P. AydeUitt, dated March 2G, 1S;)2, ht' alterwards described his part in all these proceedings as Ibllows: "When Bisho]) C 'base returned from England in the autumn of 1824, and convened a (Vmxcntion of the Diocese, ■sr -x- -x- s \^^^ addressed me a letter I'arnestly requesting me to meet him there a lew days before the sitting of the Con^■enlion. 1 did so. He com- municated to me frankly and freely the events of his mission, his engagements, plans, and objects. In contbrmity with these, I prepared the Constitution of I he Seminary, which was approved by him. At his suggestion, I agreed to serve as Trustee, and was appointed one of the t\)mmittee of Two to apply to the Legislature Ibr an act of incorpo- ration. M'hen at Columbus for this purpose, amongst others, in December, 1824, 1 visited the Bishop, then residing at Worthington. Tlie bill for incorpo- rating the Seminary was submitted to him. , He approved of it, and it was passed without the alteration of a sin- gle letter," This act of incorporation, so fully matured and approved by Bishop Chase, is in keejung with the original basis. It declares itself to be based on a ]ietition which represented that a Seminary Ibr theological education has been established by said Convention (of Ohio) within this State; it incorpo- rates the Institution under the name of the "Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio," and closes with the following Section; ■"Section 4. The General Assemblv nniv. at anv time KENYON COLLEGE. 125 licrcarttT niodily or rei)eal tliis ;ic1 ; hiil no siii'li iiioililication or repeal sluill divert I he real and personal estate of the Seminary to any other pui-pose tlian the education of ministers of the (Jos- ])<'l in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America." < )n a report of all these ])ro('eedin.;is t(i the Trustees in Knjiland. who held the funds raised for the Seininai'y. they put I'ortli a puldication entitled, "Statement, by the Trustees of the Theoloi^ical Seminary in Ohio, of the measui'C's in proirress in reference to that Institution.'" In this way tliey refer to all the foi-e ■ioinii' measures, and express theii- entire satisfaction with them. 1'his statement is dated London, May ?A, 1825. An attem])t was made the fol- liiwiufr Septemhcr tn induce tlicin to reijuire further condit iuns hefore \>n\ meni of tiic funds in their hands, but at a ineetinii held in London September 12, iS2"), they unanimously passed I ids resolution : "'/^('■solved. That it aj)pears tiutt the Trustees have no power to annex any conditions to the payment of the money raised in this country, when it shall be drawn lor by the proper authorities in Ohio, beinj; satisfied as they are that the (Constitution of the Seminary estal)- lishcd liy the ("(uivenlion ot' < )lii(i is conforinaMe to I lie views and wishes ol' the lienefaclors to the Seminary.'' (Iveni., Vol. L, p. 476. j Thus it seems that the original Con- stitution of the Theological Seminary, and the act of incorporation fully and exa<-tly carried out the jn-inciples on hereafter, modify or re j)eal this act ; but no su(di modilication or re])eal siiall divert the real and personal estate of the SemiiKiry to any oilier jmrpose than I he education of ministers of the Oos- p(d in tlie Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America." On a report of all these proceedings to the Trustees in England, who still h(dd the funds raised for the Semiiuiry, they jml forth a publication entitled, "Statement, by the Trustees of the Theological Seminary in Ohio, of the measures in progress in reference to that Inslitution." In this they reler to all the fore- going measures, and (express tlieir entire satisfaction with them. This statement is dated London, May 31, 1H25. An attempt was made tlie fol- lowing September to indurc them to require further conditions belbre pay- ment of the funds in their hands; but at a meeting hcdd in London Sejitember 12, 1825, they unanimously passed Ihis resolution : '■ llcKoli'cil. That it ai^iears that the Trustees have no power to annex any conditions to the payment of I he money raised in Ihis country, when it sliall be drawn for by the proper authorities in Ohio, being .satistied as they are that the Constitution of the Seminary estab- lished by the Convention of Ohio is conformable to the views and wishes ol' the benefactors to the Seminaiy." ( 1^-m., Vol. L, p. 47(i.) Thus il seems that the original Con- stitution of the Theological Seminary, and the act of incorporation, fully and exactly carried out the pi'inciples on 126 KENYON COLLEGE. which the money was solicited and given in England. These principles are four : 1. The sole design of this Theolog- ical Seminary is to educate men for the ministry of the Protestant Episco- pal Church. 2. The education given shall be conformable to the doctrine, and disci- pline, and canons of the said Church. 3. The Seminary must be placed near the Bishop's proper place of resi- dence, and be under his immediate oversight and direction. i. The teaching corps shall consist of (1) the Bishop of the Diocese, for the time being, or his substitute; (2) two or more Professors of Sacred Learning ; (3) one Grammar School teacher. It will thus be seen that the plan adopted did not allow the English funds to be used for an extended preparatory course in academic studies, but did contemplate a large and expansible course in sacred learning. For acade- mic studies it allowed a support from the funds for only one grammar school teacher, nor might his efficiency in teaching candidates for holy prders be impaired by the crowding in of other pupils. Thus the case stood up to the close of the Convention of June, 1825. In his address to that body, Bishop Chase still spoke of "the one great design which gave birth to all our efforts, viz.. that of founding and erecting a Semi- nary, not for the aggrandizement of any city, town, or village, but for the general encouragement of religion and learning in the education of pious which the money was solicited and given in England. These principles are four: 1. The sole design of this Theolog- ical Seminary is to educate men for the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal Church. 2. The education given shall be conformable to the doctrine, and disci- pline, and canons of said Church. 3. The Seminary must be placed near the Bishop's proper place of resi- dence, and be under his immediate oversight and direction. 4. The teaching corps shall consist of (1) the Bishop of the Diocese, for the time being, or his substitute ; (2) two or more Professors of Sacred Learning ; (3) one Grammar School teacher. Thus the case stood, up to the close of the Convention of June, 1825. In his address to (hat body, Bishop Chase still spoke of " the one great design which gave birth to all our eflbrts, viz.. That of founding and erecting a Semi- nary; not for the aggrandizement of any city, town, or village, but for the general encouragement of religion and, learning in the education of pious KEN YON COLLEGE. 127 young men for the Christian Ministry.' Nor was any step taken by tliat Con- vention looking to any other lliaii I lie original plan set forth in tlie letter oi' Bishop Chase to Bishop White referred to in the deed of donation. young men for the Christian Ministry." Nor was any step taken by that Con- vention looking to any other than the original plan set forth in the letter of Bishop Chase to Bishop White referred to in the deed of donation." The success of Bishop Chase in Eng- land seems to him to justify a change of plan after his return. Years before he had become deepl.y interested in general education. During his first Episcopal year (1819) he had under- taken to establish a College for the education of young men at Worthing- ton. This had little success and was abandoned; in 1822 he became Presi- dent of the Cincinnati College. This also was ^ven up. But in founding this new Institution at Worthington, in 1825, he reverted to his old aspira- tions, and made it a school for general learning. But, before proceeding too far and making this enlargement irre- vocable, he conscientiously endeavored to receive the consent of all author- ities. He wrote to Lord Kenyon, November 21, 1825, asking "that the Trustees of the funds in England, should in a said deed of gift of the said funds annex a condition of the establishment of a College in connec- tion with the Theological Seminary." The English Trustees held a meeting January 10, 1826, in which it was re- solved, "That it be recommended to the Convention of Ohio to incorporate, in the Constitution of the Theological Seminary, a provision that the funds of the Seminary raised in England should be appropriated exclusively to the edu- cation and theological instruction of 128 KENYON COLLEGE, The College Annexed in 1826. — In his Convention address at Colum- bus, June 7, 1826, eighteen months after the incorporation, Bishop Chase pro- posed an enlargement of the original plan. That had contemplated a pre- paratory course under a single Grammar School teacher. But, when the school came to be organized in the summer before, the Bishop appointed, not only " Mr. Gideon McMillan a teacher of the Grammar School," but also "Mr. Wm. Sparrow Professor of the Languages, and also to the duty, for the present, of a Professor of Mathematics." Thirty students attended the new school, the larger number of whom seem to have had no mind for the ministry. . Bishop Chase explained his course as follows: "We have hitherto proceeded on the ground that a College for general learn- ing Avould be annexed to the Tlieo- logical Seminary. * * * Much ol' tlie held of art and science is ojDen alike to the physician, civilian and divine. * * * The knowledge of the languages, phi- losophy, and belles-lettres, is necessary to all, and, in the attainment of this, the ability and number of the professors and teachers, the quality and extent of the students for the ministry in the Prot- estant Episcopal Church, and that further provision be made, so far as is practicable, for the admission of other students at their own expense to the benefit of a college education." A provision securing these English offer- ings to the original plan, was immedi- ately introduced into the Constitution and remains there to this day. Other steps were taken by Bishop Chase, as follows : In his Convention address at Colum- bus, June 7, 1826, eighteen months after the incorporation, Bishoj) Chase pro- posed an enlargement of tlie original plan. That had contemplated a pre- paratory course under a single Grammar School teacher. But, when the school came to be organized in the summer before, the Bishoj) appointed not only " Mr. Gideon McMillan a teacher of the Grammar School," but also " Mr. Wm. Sparrow Professor of the Languages, and also to the duty, for the present, of a Professor of Mathematics." Thirty students attended the new school, the larger number of whom seem to have had no mind for the ministry. Bishop Chase explained his course as follows : " AVe have hitherto proceeded on the ground that a College for general leai'u- ing would be annexed to the Theo- logical Seminary. * * * Much of the field of art and science is open alike to the physician, civilian and divine. * * * The knowledge of the huiguages, * * * * * and belles-lettres, is necessary to all, and, in tlie attainment of this, the ability and number of tlie professors and teachers, the quality and extent of the KEN YON COLLEGE. 129 liliraries, and tlie usefulness and value li1)raries and the usefulness and value of an astronomical and philosophical of an astronomical and philosophical apparatus, may be greatly enlarged for apparatus, may he greatly enlarged, for the lienefit of each liy a ,juucti(Ui of the benefit of each, liy a junction of the funds of I)oth. It was therefore to thf- funds of both. It was, therefore, to promote^ noi to impede, the original proiitote. not to impede, the original design of our Institution that I have design of our Institution that I have endeavored to annex a College of Gen- endeavored to annex a College of Gen- eral Science to our Seminary, and to eral Science to our Seminary, and to open our doors to students designed open our doors to students designed eventually for all the learned i)rofes- eventually for all the learned profes- sions." sions." His address closed with proposing two His address closed with proposing two courses : " Either to conline our Semi- courses : " Either to confine our Semi- nary to theological candidates only, nary to theological candidates only, or, if we receive students in general or, if we receive students in general science, to lay a foundation sufficiently science, to lay a foundation sufficiently strong and large to sustain the magni- strong and large to sustain the magni- tude of the College which must be tude of the College which must be reared to do these students justice." reared to do these students justice.'" Anticipating the decision of the t'on- Anticipating the decision of tiie Con- vention, the Bishop had already taken vention, the Bishop had already taken two steps. The first was reported in two steps. The first was reported in the address as follows: "Having oli- the address as follows: "Having ob- tained the means to complete the edu tained the means to complete the edu- cation of young men for the rece]iti(>n cation of young men for the reception of degrees in the arts and sciences, it of degrees in the arts and sciences, it seemed no more than reasonable and seemed no more than reasonable and just that the President and Professors just dial I lie President and I'rofessors by whom they are educated should by whom they were educated should have the power of co/iferr/'/ig these have the power of conferring these degrees. degrees. Accordingly, 1 thought it uiy duty to Accordingly, 1 Ihought if my dulv lo petition the civil government tor such petition the civil government for such a privilege; and I am most hap])y to a privilege; and 1 am most ha])py to state to this Convention that the state to this Convention that the prayer was granted with unusual una- jirayer was grantt'd with unusual una- 130 KENTON COLLEGE. nimity and cheerfulness. The act, dated January 24, 1826, was as fol- lows : "An Act supplementary to the act entitled 'An act to incorporate the Theological Sem- inary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio. "Section 1. Be it enacted hy the General Assembly nf the State of Ohio, That the President and Professors of said Seminary shall be considered as the Faculty of a College, and, as such, have the power of conferring degrees in the arts and sciences, and of per- forming all such other acts as pertain unto the Faculties of Colleges for the encouragement and reward of learning, and the name and style, by which the said degrees shall be conferred and the certificates of learning given, shall be that of the Pi-esident and Professors of Kenyon College in the State of Ohio." This step was taken by the Bishop on his own responsibility. No previous sanction of it by the Convention or the Trustees is on record, and Mr. Ham- mond states that there was none. (See Aydelott's answer, foot-note, p. 29. ) The other step was to purchase, by a conditional contract, 8,000 acres of land around the present site of the Semi- nary. Mr. C. 'Hammond had already written Bishop C!hase a letter on the purchase of lands, and incidentally dis- cussed at length the enlargement of plans subsequently proposed in June, 1826. He said: "This Seminary should be strictly theological. As I view the subject, this is indispensable. The funds have been contributed ibr this special purpose. It was not asked in England nimity and cheerfulness." The act, dated January 24, 1826, was as fol- ■■lows : "An Act supplementary to the act entitled 'An Act to incorporate the Theological Sem- inary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio. Skction 1. Be it enacted hy the General Assemhly of the State of Ohio, That the President and Professors of said Seminary shall be considered as the Faculty of a College, and, as such, have the power of conferring degrees in the arts and sciences, and of per- ibi-ming all sucli otiier acts as pertain unlo the Faculties of Colleges for the encouragement and reward of learning, and the name and style, by which the said degrees shall be conferred and the certificates of learning given, shall be that of the President and Professors of Kenyon College in (he State of Ohio." The other step Avas to purchase, by a conditional contract, 8,000 acres of land around the present site of the Semi- nary. KENYON COLLEGE. 131 that IuikIs slioiild lie raised there to I'oimd in Ohio an insliliition for u'eneral education. * * * * * II would he, therefore, a dejiarlure from the ohjeet and intent of the donors thus to apply the funds, unless such application could he con.sidered adjutory to the main object; and my judsiiuent is, tluit it can not be so considered. The teaciier of a Grammar School who bestows his whole attention on til'teen scholars, ran cer- tainly instruct and improve them much more eiTectually than he could do were his attention divided among thirty. * * "By receiving into a Grammar School of fifteen scholars fifteen others w iio have no such intention, those who liave religious views are exposed * * * to lie contaminated with the vices and levities peculiar to youth in all situa- tions where no religious feelings oper- ate as a restraint. * * * * j^ an institution, jirofessedly religious, the discipline prescribed might properly be founded on a more elevated rule of conduct than is generally adopted in mere common Seminaries. * * * "If we attempt and succeed in establishing a general Seminary of education, and collect in it a large number of students for every profes- sion, and for none, I should consider that we had unfortunately mistaken our true interest, as well as departed from the course of duty. By involving ourselves in the multiplied labors of managing such an institution, we should find difficulties, embarrassment, and vexation." Mr. Hammond, it will be remem- l)ered, had been Bishop Chase's friend 132 KEN YON COLLEGE. and adviser, who, in full consultation with him on his return I'rom England, had prepared the Constitution of the Seminary, and submitted to him the bill for incorporating the vSeminary, receiving in Ijoth cases the Bishop's full approval. Bishop Chase himself shows, in his Convention Address of 1826, that he had considered the grave moral dilBculty involved in the proposed annexation. He says : " In joining a College to the Seminary, it is an indispensable condi- tion that our funds increase in propor- tion to the magnitude of the design. To open our Institution to tlie public without an equivalent — I mean an estate or property equal, at least, to the fund collected in England — would be as unreasonable as unjust." The equivalent which he proposed to ofler consisted mainlj^ in a speculative investment of the Seminary funds for the benefit of the prospective College. To use the Bishop's language in the address, "'It (this equivalent) is pre- sented to you in the proposition to sell us at a reduced price 8,000 aci'es of laud. The sale of one-half of this tract, joined with the subscriptions already obtained and yet expected, will more than pay for the whole. The remain- ing 4,000 acres, with the Seminary thereon, valuable as it is in itself, must and will constitute an equivalent, if not far exceed in value the whole collec- tions from abroad." The Bishop's proposition of enlarge- ment was so far adopted by the Con- vention of 1826 as to append the fol- The Bishop's proposition of enlarge- ment was so far adopted by the Con- vention of 1826 as to append the fol- KENYON COLLEGE. 133 lowing' proviso to Article 10 of the (Constitution of the Seminary: "Provided, tiiat no alteration or amendment whatever be made in this Constitution, whereby the funds of tlic Seminary, raised in England, be appro priated to any other use than the edu- cation and theological instruction of students for the ministry in the Pro- testant Episcopal Church. I'his ]iro viso, however, does not preclude the lawfulness and constitutionality of an- nexing a College to the Seminary, and making provision, so far as is practica- ble, for the admission of other students, at their own expense, to the benefit of a College education." The same C^onvention further passed resolutions confirming the conditional contract for the 8,000 acres of land in Knox County, and fixing thereon the permanent site of the Seminary and College. This will fulfil the original intention of the donors to have '' the seat of the Seminary closely connected with the proper point for the Bishop's residence," as long as the Bishop of Ohio continues to reside at Gambler, and no longer. This connection, it will be remembered, was declared by the Convention of 1824, which formed the original Convention, to be '"'• accordhuj to the plan which forins the basis and foundation of all the donations made. * * * iTig essential interests of the Seminari/, as well as the obligations of good faith, require that this part of the plan be strictly adhered to.'' Thus it appears clearly that Kenyon College was not a part of the original design, but was an annex to the Semi- lowiiig proviso to Article 10 of the Constitution of the Seminary : ^^Prorided, that no idteration or amendment whatever l)e made in tiiis Constitution, whereby the funds of the Seminary raised in England, be appro- priated to any other use than the edu- cation and theological instruction of students for the ministry of the I'ro- testant Episcopal Chunli. l'l:is pro- viso, however, does not j)rei-lu(le the lawfulness and constitutionality of an- nexing a College to the Seminary, and making provision, so far as is practica- ble, for the admission of other students, at their own expense, to tiie benefit of a College education." The same Convention, further, passed resolutions confirming the ('((nditioiud contract for the 8,000 acres of laud in Knox County, and fixing thereon the permanent site of the Seminary and College. This will fulfil the original intention of the donors to have ''the seat of the Seminary closely connected tvith the proper point for the Bishop'' s residence,^'' as long as the Bishop of Ohio continues to reside at (lambier, and no longer. This connection, it will l)e remembered, was declared by the Convention of 1824, which formed the original Constitution to be " according to the plan which forms the basis and fiiindation of all the donations made. * * * The essential interests of the Seminwy, as well as the obligations of good faith, require that this part of the plan be strictly adhered to.'' Thus it appears clearly that Kenyon College was not a part of the original design, but was an anne.f to the Semi- 134 KENYON COLLEGE. n.ary. It is equally clear that Bishop Chase considered it " as unreasonable as unjust. " to impose the additional ex- pense without providing an ample ad- ditional capital to bear it. nary. It is equally clear that Bishop Chase considered it " as unreasonable as unjusV^ to impose the additional ex- pense without jjroviding an amply ad- ditional capital to bear it. But had Bishop Chase abandoned his original plan ? Had he " merged the Seminary into a College," as was as- serted later on? A superficial judg- ment might say so. He engaged with all liis ardor in building up Kenyon College. Much of tiie monej^ obtained in England was spent upon it. The Theological Seminary was not opened till Bishop Mcllvaine's arrival in 1833. Yet it must be remembered that Bisliop Chase's plans were arrested midway in their completion. Having enlarged his plan, he first undertook to build up the College, meaning doubtless to add the Seminary in due order of development. He had unbounded and justifiable con- fidence in God's help and his own abil- ity to raise money as it should be needed lor (lie final development. Moreover, he had $18,000 of the Eng- lish funds secured in lands, and, had his purpose ibr these lands been carried out, there would now be ample endow- ment for all departments of the insti- tution. Finally, we must recall his Convention xVddress of 1826, and his expectation (liat the College "would not impede but promote the original design." And consider the vigorous protests he made repeatedly against "merging the Seminary into the Col lege," after he resigned the Ohio Episco- pate. These are embodied in his letter to Bishop Mcllvaine. (Remin., Vol. 2, Ch. X.) The cause of his resignation KENYON COLLKGE. I35 \v:is llu' atUMiipl to ri\c liiin, ms lie liriiil>' lii'lievcil, of (he iiimiediale cliarm' mill siiperiiiteiulciicc, i;iiaraii U'cd liiiii as liislioj) (il'Oliio in llu- deed (if doiial ion. 'I'liis atlcnipl was hased on liic " nicrfiinii' " ](rorcss wliicii lie was allciicd lo have caiTicil oul. 'i'his lacl. deserves altenlion now, in view of the ])resent atteinpl lo onsi the Bisliops ill ()liio iVoni Ihcir co (irdin;ilc antiiority. Tile jiarainoiml iiiiportanre ol' the 'Ihe pai-ainoiiiil ini|iorlance ol' Ilic Seminary a])pears in itishop Mcll Seminary appears in iJisJiop Mcll value's first action. Almost his lirsl value's lirsl actions. AlmosI his lirst etlbrt after conseeration, was to raise ell'orl alter <'oiisecration was lo raise money for Gaml)ier. money lor ( iamhier. His Convention address of 1833 says: His Oonventioii ad as In an etfort to raisi' (he recjuired con(ri- an ell'orl lo raise (he riMjiiired condi luitions." bill ions." At an early date he fell (ha( his At an early dale he l(dl thai his Episcopate must be relieved of (he Episcopate must be relieved of (he College Presidency. In 1835, he asked College Pi'esidency. In 1S3r) he asked the Convention for relief, and tiiiilly, the Convention lor relief, and (inally, in 1839, an act was procured from the in 1839, an act was iirociired in J.egis- 13(] KEN YON COLLEGE. Legislature under which the Institu- tions liave ever since been nianaf>:e(l. II i-eails as folhiws : "An Act further supplementary to an Act entitled 'An Act to incorporate the Theolo- gical Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio.' "Section 1. Be it einicled hij the OenercU Asseiiili/i/ of the iState of Oh to. That the Trustees of the Tlieological Seiuiuary ol' the Protestant Episcopal Chui'cli ill I he Diocese of Ohio shall ha\»' power It) establish in connection with said Seminary a Oolley,'e and halls for preparatory education; that lliey shall have the care and nianajie- nienl ol' all properly wiiicii lias been or may lierearier be iiiven or is otherwise possessed I'or the use and beuelil of tlu' same; and to appoint a Presideul and Prol'essors, and all necessary oIliccM-s ibr the purposes of governmeul and instruction in said Oollege and halls." 'Two other sections follow, constitut- iiig Ihe Iwo Faculties, and authorizing them lo coul'er degrees. It appears from Secti(Ui I that no property under control of the Trustees shall be used for ihe beuelil of the said College and halls but such as was given to or pos- sessed by them i].ccording to expressed tf^rms. (.\)Uiuientiug on this supplementary act in his address to the Convention which subsequently adopted it. Bishop Mcllvaine said : " I do desire the change of Presidency, ^" * * but 1 desire it only on condition that, in sur- rendering the Presidency, the Bishop shall receive a substitute of authority lature under which the Institutions have ever since lieen managed. It reads as follows : "An Act further supplementary to an Act entitled 'An Act to incorporate the Theolo- gical Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal C huich in the Diocese of Ohio.' "Si'X'TioN 1. Be it eiiaeted * * * * * ■%• ■* -x- * * * * * * * Tiiat the Trustees of the Theological Seminaiy of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio shall have power to establish in connection with said Seminary a College and halls Ibr preparatory education ; that they shall have the care and manage- ment of all property which has been or may hereafter be given or is otherwise ]>ossessed lor the use and benefit of the same; and to appoint a President and Professors, and all other necessary offi- cers lor the purposes of government and instruction in said College and halls." The other sections tbllow, constitut- ing the Iwo Faculties and authorizing them lo confer degrees. It appears from Section 1 that no property under the control of the Trustees shall be used for the lienetit of the said College and halls, but such as was given to or pos- sessed by them according to expressed terms. Commeuling on this supplementary act iu his address to the Convention which subsequently adopted it. Bishop Mcllvaine said, " I do desire the ciiauge of Presidency, * * * but I desire it only on condition that, in sur- rendering the Presidency, the Bisliop shall receive a substitute of anthoritv KENYON COLLEGE, 337 quite equivalent for tlie purposes oi-iiii iiiiilc ('(|iiiv,ilcnl lor the purposes origi nally conteiujjlated; only on condition imlly conlcniplnlcil ; oiil\' on conilition tiiat llic College shall remain in ils llial llie ( 'oileiic siiall rn\v on coiidilion thai wliile sindi ('ollege shall l)e situ tiiat,\\lMle such Coih'iic shall he sitii- aled on tile lands and in the huildinjis aled on the lands and in the hui!dini;s lielonginjt to the Theoloiiical Senunary, lielon-iin^- to tlie 'J'heoloftical Sennnaiw whatever is now liie ])roper(y of said whatever is now tiie ])ropeit\ of said Sennnai-y the 'I'nistees shall not lie Seminai'V the Ti'iistees shall not he pei-nutled to make, in any sense, the jiernutted to make, in any sense, the properly of the College. Let such property of the Colle'^c. Le| such conditions he secured — let Iheni he conditions he secni-ed hy heinn' made secured by being made part and ])arc(d part and piircid of the Constilulion of of the ("onslilntion of Ihe 'I'heoloiiical the Theolofiical Seminary, and I shall Seminary, and 1 sludl he salislied. he salislied — otherwise I am entirelv Otherwise 1 am entirely opposed to op|)ose(l lo an\- cham^c in the picseut any change in tiie present organiza- organizalicni." lion." A comniitlee, ajjpoiiited at Ihe l>ish- A commit tee. appointeil ;is t he liishop oi>'s request, reported on the subject of re(|uested, reported on Ihe suhjecl of tiie proj)osed change in the ('onslitu- llie proposed change in the Constitii tion. They say: " ll is well known lion. They s;iy: "It is well known that Ihe Inslitution at (iambier was linit Ihe Instilnlion at (lanihier was originally estahlislied lor purposes of originally eslahlished |oi- purposes of theological educalioii only. Subse- Theologi<'al education only. Suhs(>- (juently, it was deemed important to quentiy it was deemed impoitaul lo enlarge the \)\nn by the organization of erdarge the ]ilaii hy the oi-ganizalion of a department devoted to instruction in a de])artnient devoted to instruction in the arts and sciences. * * * * ']'li(. the arts ;iud sciences. * * '■ ■'■ The Bishop of the Diocese, as President of Hishop of I he Diocese, as {'resident of the Seminary, liecaine also President the Seminary, hec:inie also Pi-esideut of the College; and, in this position of (tf the ('(jliege. And, in this |iosili(ni of her Diocesan, the Church of Ohio saw her Diocesan, the ('hurcli of (»hio saw iier great secnriiy I'or Ihe traiinng U]) her great security for the traiuim: up of her sons in the jirincijjles of lier of her sons in the pi-iiiciple> left of all that valualile domain which was (o have endowed the Theological Semi- nary. In return (or this the only benefit which the Seminary has received has been the education of less than half (he students trained in Bexlev — a 142 KENYON COLLEGE. annual suliscriiilions in Brooklyn and Now York l)er(irt' I came to reside in Oiiio. ''■■ * *■ Since llie exjiiralion of llie l('ni])()rar\' endowinenl * * * of coni'se there was I lie neci'ssity of l(i(i]-;inii for aid to oilier sonrces. * * ll lias drawn from llie i;'eneral income of Ihe corporalion dnrini:' all the time of ils heinji in ojH'i-alion only •t-W'-*^- 'J'he nexl yi'ai' il drew !/f^4'^i) more, accordinii (o llie ('(nivenlion address of 1S4.'>; (ir, in all, during the lirst ten yi'ars oC ils existence, the kSeininary drew Irom Ihe general income of Ihe corporalidn only !(!3,]S(). Indeed, tliongh ihe main oh.jecl, il was nol opened riilly I ill is;!;!, having gradu- aled ii]i lo Ihal lime only six Iheolog- ical sdidenls. (See (ieneral L'alalogiie and Convention Journal 1834, p. 1!).) Rexley Hall had, indeed, been built, bill Willi riinds s])eci;illy given for that purpose in England, !|^ 12,(>00. (Oon- vention Journal, 1835, p. 14.) The Convention Journal of 1S4S, (p. 39) reports four professors in the Semi- nary : I'rof. Smith, (wlio had been there three years), no salary. Prof. Wing, (who had been there live years), !t!(>00 salary. Prof. Brooke, "(who had been there two years), no salary. President Bronson, (who had been there three years), .tliOO salary. Half his lime, al least, was given to the annex, of which he was President, and a suitable deduction should be made. As the Mil nor endowment still yielded the Seminary !|i 570 per annum, the Seminarv could not have drawn gTeat benefit, indeed, but dearly pur- chased by the destruction of its great and sacred endowment. And the fact remains, that this portion of its students could have received their preparatory training like the rest, at other colleges, with no cost lo this institution. A careful calculation will show^, we think, that a judicious use of this en- dowment would have swelled its amount by this time to over a quarter of a million of dollars. We 'understand that reparation is in the power of the Board. Some of the original lands remain unsold; there is a general iund on hand, though not a large one ; tliere are four endowments, aggregating over $ 100.000, belonging to chairs strictly theological. It is claimed, we are informed, that part of this money was taken from a general fund, that tlie donors of some of these funds liave consented to their use for genei'al purposes. How far these claims can be sus- tained, and how far the relinquishment of living donors can annul the compact in which the dead united with them in endowing these four divinity chairs, we do not stop now to inquire. But the most latitudinarian view can only throw these special trusts into that common fund out of which we respectfully but earnestly urge that the Board should repair the past damage done the Theo- logical Seminary by their predecessors. It is still the same Board, bound as much as a single individual to repair its errors, and having now^ in actual unencumbered possession property KEN YON COLLEGE. 143 iliirini; tlicsc live ycnrs more lliiiii $'_', rnoiiirli Id in.-ikc I;irt;;(' .■iinciiils I'di- (lie (too IVdiii I 111' ^ciicr.'il ini'diiic. This iiijiii-y. :illd\vs lor llic pnrlml scr\ ires df I'l-o In cdiirliisidii, we \irt: leave respecl- lessors I^'uller ;inil S;in(lel,s in lS|.'!-4-l. fully Id |)i-cscnl I lie dlij(>cls of diir pel i Durinji; (lie iiexl se\cn yeiirs. Id jsrili, I idii in Ihese I wd ])diiils: the Seniiiiary had, dii an averaiif, I he Isl. That Ihe Hoard |)i-()cee(l ijroinptjv er|iiiva]eiit of two aini a half iinilessdrs. Id piil the 'I'heolojiical S(>iniiiarv proper For one of Ihese, rrof. Smith, I he I'xiai'd dn a I'ddtiiiii- lo cdrnpele with oilier ])rdlialily I'dnliiiiied Id pay iidthiiii;. in seminaries, and supply the ('liurch in |S.")-_', the tJriswold Chair of Hililical < >iiid wit h minislers (rained in ( )|iio. Literature had iK'cn endowed with .+10,- '_'d. Thai Ihe Bishops of ( he ( 'liin-eh 000. This anil I lie !\iilnoi- eiiddwinenl, in ()liid lie sernred in their rii^hts, ac- llierefdre, had provided ]ar{;el\' for Ihe eordin;; lo (he deed of donalidii, lo the Seminary durinj^ thi.s period. In 1S">(), fnllest e.xtenl. (Convention Journal, p. 49) the Trus- ,. ,, ^ ' J / Drrii.KV ( 'iiAsi'), lees reported lliat they yielded (ofjelher r/,,,/,/,,},, v. s. a. iw/(;r,/i, .+ 1,507 per annum, and that (hey paid Son of Phihinilcr (Imsc, l''irsi Hislioi) of Ohio !|!'_',000 for the professors in (he Semi Jli.\rn I ('u Son of liisliop l'hil;uiili'r('li;t„se. nary. A full estimate for money drawn from the general ineome during (lies, 11 1 J. - AAA Mrs. !\I.\ki- K. Cii.\mhkki,ain, seven vears would he ^ i,000. ' „ ; ,, , , , ,^,,.,. l):iii(rliter of Bishop Chase. During (he iie.x( (en years, to I Slid, there were three professors cmitinu- Mis.s Makv O. Chakk, ously, exclusive of Bishop Bedell, whose Uranddaughter of Bishop (Iha.so. valuable services were rendered gradii- Miss K.mkmnk K. Cifask, tously. For three years one of these ';r.\n<^ 1 • ii o • 1 • ii i (jranddaiightdr of Bishop chase, chairs, the Seminary during these ten ^ ' years jji-obably drew from (he general income .l!'.),()00. In the year ]8(j() the endowment of four chairs lor the Tlieological Seminary proper, was completed through (he ex- ertions of Bishop Bedell, Mr. Jay Cooke giving the last $30,000. 'I'his endowment amouided to over .$ jOS.OOO, Hk.nkv (i. (IllA.Si;, (irandsoti of Bishop Chase. 144 KENYON COLLEGE. yielding, till very recently, !)> 7,567 per annum. This belonged exclusively to the Seminary. Since then, the Seminary has been supported entirely bj^ this endowment, not di-awing at all from the general income. On the contrary, it has not been allowed during this last period of eighteen or nineteen years more than half its income from this source. The Trustees, July, 1872, vacated one chair in the Seminary to reduce expenditdres. Another professor resigned that year, and his place was not supplied. The Seminary, of course, ran down at once, and the year after it was closed for three years, avowedly to support the annex. (See Judge Granger's and Mr. Moss's printed statement in 1876.) "True to their obligations," this paper says, " the Trustees reopened the Seminary in the fall of 1S76." Two professors were burdened with the whole instruction, and one of them assumed a chair in the College. The following Christmas, duties were, imposed upon him which virtually reduced his work in the Seminary to nominal service. In the fall of 1878, another professor was added to give only half his time to Bexley. Two years later another was added, who remained four years. At present there are two. In other words, during the past thirteen years the Seminary has been entitled i'rom its last endowment to the equivalent of fifty-two full professors for one year; practically, it has had only that of thirteen. Furthermore, even those who have done full work in Bexley have not received the full income of the endowments of their several chairs. Recapitulation of Expenditures from General Income — From 1833 to 1843 |3,810 From 1843 to 1848 3,000 From 1848 to 1856 7,000 From 1856 to 1866 9,000 From 1866 to 1885 0.000 Total from 1833 to 1885 $31,810 Add interest on different expenditures from their several dates at 6 per cent., and the whole sum, principal and interest, would fall considerably short of $100,000. On the other hand, the general income is indebted to the last Seminary endowment for nearly all that has not been paid during the last thirteen years for services actually i-endered in the Seminary. This, including interest, would amount to between $50,000 and $75,000. Other Moneys Raised for Joint Use. — Bishop Chase raised for joint use $21,575.11, besides the English fund. (See Dr. Bronson's Memento, p. 36.) This includes $6,000, Mr. Hogg's reduction on the price of 8,000 acres sold by him to the Trustees. Bishop Mclvaine's first step, as we have seen, was to raise $ 28,520 in the East to erect buildings for joint use. (Convention Journal 1833, pp. 9, 10.) KENYON COLLEGE. 145 I*].\cluilirifi' ;i small sum spciil on [fosse ( 'li:i j)('l, all fliis sum was spciil in liuildin^', souii appropriated wliolly liy llie annex ami in ])ayinjx delils incurrcfl entirely for its supjiort. In 1S4S, President Hronson re])or(e(l for llie 'i'rnstees tliat Hisiiop Mcll- vaine iuid collected in tlie Kast .$24.0110, ( ( 'oin cnlion Journal 1S4S, p. 41), and ill his " Memento," ( ]>. (15) lliat in all .+ ;i5,(MMi had Keen collected to pay delits thid tiireatened " the eudowmcnl of these instil iit ions." I low little the Seminary projjer had occasioned these debts lias already heen shown. II is time to consider how the $.'}0,()00 f^iven in England lo liie oiif;inal plan had fared. In his liemini^reuces ( \'ol. 1., pp. 50(!, 507), Bishop ( !hase says.-quotini;- from an ap])eal he made on his reliirii from Eniiland lo show whal was the iulenlicni of llic l*;m;li>li ilouors : "Take," said they, "our proporlioii in full to accomplish youi' ilesi;in (llie oriiiinal plan), hut in so doin^- our wishes are appropriate and jusl, thai ii-luit ire g'irc lie rci/iirdciJ a8 a fund t(i he lii'uj (nit in UukIn, or otiiiririsc, fur (lie yennancnt benefit of this mill future ijeiierations." ( l>isho]) (Phase's italics.) He goes on to say^ that the i)uri)ose was carried out in the Kuo.x ('ounty purchase. 'J'he wisdom of such an investment for the benefit of the Seminary, wlielher in that tract or some other, is manifest i'rom the actual results. Had this been done and Bishop Chase\s energy and aljility in raising money been used for the meagre ui'eds of the few theological students gathered at Worthinglon duiing the first- nine or ten years, the endowment of the Seminary woidil now be immense In ls;5L' and IS;^ 7 4,000 acres were sold for $'22,.500. (Convention .loiirnal, lS4i', j). 74.) Between 1S50 and 1854, 2,074 acres more were sold for .t04,01H. (('onveiilion .huirnal, ls5.'i, j). ."il, and 1.S54, pp. 45, 5(i.) Before I1S75, about 1,000 acres more were sold, j)roba!)ly nol for less, as land was steadily rising. These sales, as we have seen, beiielilled the .Seminai'y very little, and were forced upon the Trustees by the needs and debts of the aniie.x. Had they not been forced, as they would not have been had the original plan not been al)sorljed in the new, these lands would have brought siil| larger sums. A slight enhancement was caused, no doubt, at first, by llie location of Kenyon (College in (iambier; but the great and steady appreciation has come from general causes alfectlng lands all over Ohio, and the lands would have sold far higher had sales been delayed. But, taking the case as it stands, had the proceeds been put at intt^rest as soon as they were realized for the lienelit of the Seminary, wliirh did nol use the niosi of llie money, the result would have been highly advantageous. Thus: ^^'^..^OO (50 yuars ago) \n\i at interest would now 1)C $'.)(), 000 64,018 (.80 years .ago ) put at interest would now be 179,2.'50 64,000 ( 10 years ago ) put at interest would now be 102,400 Total .$871,6.50 146 KEN YON COLLEGE. But this does not state the whole of the case. Only $18,000 M^ere invested in lands. The other $12,000 were consumed on buildings lor which the Seminary had no need, and which it has hardly ever used. (Memento, p. 32.) Had the rest of the English fund been invested according to the wishes of the donors, the endowment would doubtless now be half a million from this source alone; the Seminary, meantime, would have fared no worse financially than il has done. (These calculations are at 6 per cent., but interest has been higher most of the past sixty years.) Has not the Seminary received countervailing advantages from the annex to compensate for this pecuniary loss ? Many of its wisest trustees and friends have held that it has, and llial its prosperity has depended on that of the College. To so great a weight of judgment is due the utmost deference, but not indifierence to facts. Many of the Bexley students have been recruited in Kenyon, and many educated there. But out of the one hundred and eighty- one graduates sent out hitiierto by tiie Seminary, only seventy-two have grad- uated in Kenyon. Thus, as a matter of fact, other schools have furnished and recruited a majority of the Seminary Alumni. Might not the same schools have prepared all, at least with the help of a simjjle grammar school in Gam- bier? Moreover, as to recruiting, a large number have been turned away from Bexley, after graduating in Kenyon. simply because so many years here made them desire a change. This is a great disadvantage, and many Kenyon students who have remained have done so only because support was provided for them here. The same cause would have brought them here without the College. A Seminary strongly manned will not only attract candidates, but its Faculty will exert a powerful influence directly and indirectly in drawing men into the ministry. But the financial drain caused by the annex has greatly weakened, and too often crippled, the Theological Faculty. The annex has, from the outset, diverted means, interest, and eff'ort from the Seminary. Said Mr. Hammond, (in his own italics) " T/ic Theological Seminary of the Prot- testant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio was no more heard of. Ken- yon College occupied the front ground in everything. The President and Professors sunk the humble name of the Seminary, and took up one more sonorous : The President and Professors of Kenyon College^ and instead of directing the Yunds to the education of ministers of the Gospel, the Seminary was made one of general education. Not one in twenty of the students con- templated taking orders.'" (Aydelott's Answer, p. 29.) At the very time, in 1839, when the Trustees declared to the Convention, as we said, " The Theo- logical Seminary has ever been deemed by the Trustees as paramount in im- portance, to the prosperity of which their own best eiforts and a large propor- tion of the funds committed to their care were to be sacredly devoted," at KENYON COLLEGE. 147 thitt time, Mccin-diiiii to Hislidp Mdl value's ( 'onvciiliori addross of 1843, (p. 13) "till" Tlieolofiii'al Sciniiiaiy liad Iml an iric()iii<' of .t 150 on wliicli lo siislaiii its professors." .\ more sfrikin<; instance si ill of liiis lonfi settled iiabit of diversion is (lie policy of the last twelve yeais. In Is7-"i, wlien the main object of the cor- poration had, ill aildilion to all its cai-lici- ac(|iiisilions, an annual income of .t7,r)(lO cxchisivcly its own, it was closed up for tliree years, avowedly to sup- port the annex, i'lven wlicn reopened, it was, for the same reason, kept in so cri]i]iled a condilimi as to render success inipossilile ; and now this ill success which results rrimi the rripplini: is niaill was circulated in the vicinity of tlie Seminary. It Ijears the Bishop's impress, and speaks for itself. A number of sales at tolerable prices were, nevertheless, eft'ected. Thi.s cour.se of conduct on the part of the Bishop is so out of character that it would seem but a .just conclusion that he labored under some degree of mental hallucina- tion. Indeed, most of his measures in relation to the Seminary indicate the same misfortune. Something like this is the best apology that can be made for them." ^Vnd so again, "The Bishojj's publication explains no adequate reason ior such conspiracy unless we may suppose he felt conscious that the embarrassed and distracted state of the Institution might be imputed to him, and that an ojjinion might prevail that his removal from it was a desideratum willi its friends. The plain truth is, that the whole organization and management of the Seminary has so far been confided to the Bishop. He had taken no coun- sel, brooked no advice or opposition. He found himself involved in debt, and at variance with all around him. He could not allow himself to believe that such disastrous results were attributable to his own mismanagement, impatient temper, and erroneous judgment. The mischief was before and around Jiim. It must proceed from some cause, and the self-love, common to us all, led him to look for that cause in the misconduct of others. Hence, he imagined a conspiracy as the only adequate cause, and, brooding over these imaginings, he has persuaded himself they are facts, and has embodied and published them as such." " Every man, who has transacted public business with the Bishop to any considerable extent, can understand at once the whole case. His judgment of men and things is very defective, his temper irritable and arbitrary. He expects a Diocesan Convention and a Board of Trustees to echo whatever he proposes, and he wishes to see no man a member of either who has independ- ence enough to express a dissent from, much less to oppose, any of his measures. Intending to do what is right, and feeling confidence in liis own judgment, he rejects counsel as unnecessary, and considers it impertinent for any one to otter it." ( See Aydelott's answer.) II. The paper of Dr. James claims, substantially, that nearly everything in Gambler belongs to the Divinity School (a school which had no existence until after Bishop Chase, the founder, left Ohio), and that, during the entire history of the Institution, the interests of the Divinity School have been sacrificed to the interests of the College. It is furtiier questioned whether the "Annex," so called, has not, on the wiiole, been an injury rather than a benefit to the Divinity School; and, by implication, the Trustees, including all the 150 KEN YON COLLEGE. Bishops of Ohio and many of our greatest and best clerg,ymen and laymen, are accused of gross mismanagement, having been either incapable of under- standing or unfaithful in executing the conditions of tlieir trust. A careful study of .the facts leads to exactly an opposite conclusion. For nearly sixty years the Bishops of Ohio have been at the head of the Faculty of the Divinity School. Tliey have also been at the head of the Board of Trustees. It luis been easy for the members of the Board to follow their lead, and they liave done so in strengthening the Divinity School to the utmost possible extent. If there has been any sacrificing of one school for the other, the College has been sacrificed to the Divinity School rather than the Divinity School to the College. If proof of the primary devotion of the Board to the interests of the theological department is needed, it can be found in the fact that, of the endowments belonging to the collegiate department, every cent was given ibr the exclusive use of that department, and, in most cases, could not have been secured for any otlier purpose, whereas, of the endowments set apart for the theological department, a large j)ortion was given in answer to a general plea for the strengthening of Gambler, and was appropriated to the Divinity School by a vote of the Trustees, rather than by direction of the donors. Tiie men who have been Trustees of the institution "on the Hill" at Gambler, liave been large enough to take a look all around. They have been strong men, noble men, philanthroijic men ; men not guided by the letter which killeth, but by the sjjirit which giveth life. Tlie problem they had to solve was before them, and they could see it with their eyes in all its large and important bearings. They did not need to put on spectacles to bring it near, or to use the microscope to detect some little shade of coloring, and then make of tliat tlie one thing all important. Someof tliem doubtless knew tluit witli Bishop Chase "a School of Sacred Learning" meant "a Christian College." (See Reminiscences, Vol. II., p. 243, where these phrases are used as exact equivalents.) But whether they knew this or not, whetlier they recognized that a professor of " sacred learning " might be a teacher of Latin, or Greek, or Moral Philosophy, or Church History, or Belles-lettres, or Rhetoric, according to Bishop Chase and the Canons of the Church, or failed to recognize this, they were certainly too large minded to suppose that one Grammar School teacher and two professors, who should confine their instruction exclusively to Theological studies, would thoroughly train unlearned men for the work of the Christian ministry in tliis nineteenth century. Nor did they suppose that, because Bishop Chase's plan, as outlined in his letter to Bishop White, specified that the students would give attention to horticulture and the ingathering of the harvest, and that a printing press would be provided for their use in a most important field of labor, therefore KENYON COLLEGE. 151 llie students must always he requiivil to milk cows, or dioi) wood, or difi potatoos, and must never be allowed to slo]) print inii' tracts or a j)eriodicul publication. The history of the CJambier work makes manifest the fact tiiat those in charge of the institution liave shown their wisdom in repirdinji it as a whole, and have tried from time to time to strengthen that department where the need seemed to be the greatest and most pressing. In IS.",!), the Trustees dechu-cd publicly that they were "fully convinced that the Seminary cannot prosper without the College,"' and this has always been their belief. ill. ll was not. as slatcil in bolli tiiese j)aj)ers, Hishoji {!hase, the founder, but Bishop Mcllvaine, who lirst gave utterance to the following language (see his address at the laying of the corner stone of Hexley Hall, ■^Episcopal Recorder, November 2;^, is;j!). These words are only (/im/ci/, though with approval, by Bishop Chase in his Iveminiscences): "'J'hus originated what is now called Kenyon College, an institution having na incoi'/ntratlon, no TrusteeH, no faculty^ except as if is part and parcel of (he 'riieohujical Seminary, being simply a preparatory branch of that Seminary, having this only for its distinctive College feature, that when the Faculty of the Theolog- ical Seminary are acting in reference to the ajfairs pisco])acv, lectured on Ihe History and the Polity of the Churcii. The Kev. Henry Caswell was Pro- fessor of Sacred Literature. The buildings were arranged for an extensive school. There were accommodations for two professors and their families, and about thirty students. The studeids in the senunary were at fii-st fhiee or four in number, but tliey subseqneidly increased to eighte<>n. Tliey were chielly from New England, Pennsylvania, and Ireland, and only one was it native of Kentucky. (See Caswell's Amerii-a and the American ('linrcli.) And where is this Theological Seminary to-day ;■ Where has il been for the i)ast lifty years;' The Kentucky s(dio()l was just the kind of srhonl which Charles Hammond wished to see established in Ohio. Ohio w;is a new conn try, and so was Kentucky. The comparison between ()liiii and Kentucky is not unfair, if the " Virgiiua ])lan " Intd been tried in Ohio, the |)robabilities are that the Ohio Seminary would long since have been dkfunct. 154 KENYON COLLEGE. paper by €li C. ^aypan, ii. D. Have tlie Trustees of tlie Institution at Gambier mismanaged the trust? Have they niisappvopriated the funds in their charge? These questions have been asked and answered several times in the past sixty years. The inquiry involves both law and tacts. The law is plainly stated by Mr. Perry. He says, as to the " powers of trustees," that "in all cases powers must be construed according to the inten- tion of the party creating them, if such intention is compatible with the rules of law; and such intention must be determined from the instrument." Tlie money raised in England in 1824 was deposited in the hands of trus- tees until certain conditions should be complied with. These Trustees, Lords KenVon and Gambier, Dr. Gaskin, and Mr. Hoare, at a meeting held in Lon- don on the 12th of September, 1825, stated in a formal resolution, that they were satisfied " that the Constitution of the Seminary, established by the Con- vention of Ohio, is conformable to tlie views and wishes of the benefactors to the Seminary." This statement is the highest evidence of the intent of the party creating tiie trust. It was made before the money was paid, and in reply to a suggestion that certain conditions should be annexed to the pay- ment. By this statement we are relegated to the Constitution adopted by the Convention of 1824, as the instrument of donation; also the charter granted by the State of Ohio December, 1824, enacts, " that the present Trustees of said Seminary, and their successors in office, under the Constitution thereof as now established, or as the same may be hereafter altered or amended, shall have the care and management," etc.; " and shall also have power, in con- formity with the provisions of the Constitution of said Seminary, to make by-laws," etc. Another provision of the first charter guards any diversion of " the real and personal estate of the Seminary to any other purpose than the education of ministers of the Gospel in the Protestant Episcopal Church." This evidence is conclusive. The Constitution is the instrument that determines the intention of the donors. This instrument clearly states the intention to be the education of ministers of the Gospel in the Protestant Episcopal Church, in conformity to the doctrine, discipline, constitution, and canons of that Church. The use of the funds raised in England in 1823 and 1824, was restricted to this sole purpose. In 1826 the Constitution was amended " making provision, so far as is practicable, for the admission of other students." Even before this, large KENYON COLLEGE. > 355 donations were promised for this especial purpose, "the admission of otlier students," the principal item being one-fourth of the price of tlic hind houjiht from Mr. Hogg, as appears by Bishop Chase's statement to the I)ioccs;ui Convention. In the opinion of (Hiuries Ihiimiioiid, this additional j)iir])()sc innllictccl with till' original intention. Mr. Ilniiiiiiond was a great lawyer and an able editor, but he was not a teaciier. 8onie of his notions about schools were absurd. Bishop Chase was an experienced teacher, and knew wiiat lie was about. Mr. Hammond was the writer of both the Constitution and the ciiai'- ter of 1824, and much weight has been given to tlie fact that lie sliowed llie l)roposed charter to the Bishop, who exj)ressed no objection. I^ut Bisiioj) (Jhase had been mortified a lew weeks previously, when that first Constitution was adojjted in the Diocesan Convention, by the clause which |)i-oviil('. ctrtliur l^rooks, i>. D. 1 iircsiimc llml wo shall all ai^ive (liat it is the work of the Ohuirh to iiilhuMico ami lead llie world in all its interests. In so large a sense of its diilv, the ("hurcli is called upon to exercise its junctions in many ditl'erent wavs. It must reach the husiness life of nu'ii, iuspirini;' honesty and upright- ness of ('(induct; it must make itself fell in the imrity of tone which it diffuses Ihrongh all the social relatic^ns of men; it must be ellective in banishing frivolity and dissipation fnuu anuisenienis in which its members and the community partake. In tliese and similar relations the Ohufch can udl work as an organization; it cannot enact its canons, or stand beside men with the authority of prescribed modes of action, when the manifold emer- gencies of a complieated life press upon them. It must be a power and an inlluenee, ever making itself felt, but utterly unable to present itself in its ori!;anized capacity. Very dillerent is its function in such relations from that which it performs with regard to niissi(ms and evangelization. In such labors il must stand forth distinctively as an organized body, needing all its equip- ment of ollicers, institutions, and laws, presenting itself in its totality and unity of form. It is the (.'hurch in action which is t(i be seen in both cases; hut il is the Church suiting its action lo relations which change with every new demand tor power that is made upon it. To the Church of the early and Middle Ages there was not and, perhaps, could not be any such distinction. Then, for example, the Church moulded government liy ruling, by crowning and discrowning kings, by placing the loot of the Bishop upon the neck of the monarch; to-day the Church inlluences politics by the moral principles and the spiritual ideals which it plants in the hearts of the citizens. Sur- vivals of the old conception are to be found in the attempts at business enterprises, such as the savings bank iiro.ject under Church management attempted by Archbishop Purcell at Ciucinnali. And the disastrous results, where imrity of motive can lie abunilantly conceded, tell the story of the weakness of such system of Church life and action, with a clearness which no argument can ever attain. And most distinctly, by its refusal to regulate social customs through ecclesiastical enactment, by its careful refraining from all interference with political questions, our Church has recognized the limita- tions of its corporate action, while it has claimed all human interests as the proper tield for its activity through the united and individual work of its members. It has, from points of view varying with the ditferent theories KKNYON COLLEGK. eiiilii-iiccs, some of ns wIki dilfer as lo the ideal of the ('linrch ('olle;;c mi;.;lit liml onrsidves more in aiii'cement on the siiliie<'t of the ('hui'cli scIkkjI, w lieri' children ar*' uathereil froiii distant places to form one family under new cijiidilions, and yet with much t he same re(|iiiremeiits as t hose w hi(di li(doiii;cd (o them in Hie sacred ]irecincts ot' home. With his entrance at ( 'oilcj^e, llie yoiiiii; man lias l)efi;iin to no mit into the wdild, lie I'e.ds it, and olhei-s iiiiisl recoLiiii/.e il. lie has liei:nn to meet other men; the old liomoi;ciieoiisness of ridation, which has lieeii im]iaired ever since lie licLiaii to jilay with other children, at lenj;lli iiives way when he meets men from many ditlereni aiitecedenl lives. That fad is an iiii|iortaiil feature of his new life which cannot lie lost sijrlit of. lie is not yet in the wm'ld ; lie is st ill in a state of jire|iarat ion. He is still a learner ami not yet a worker, altlioni;h he has experienced a (diaiii^c of position, perlia;)s i^reater and more radical Hiaii thai which he passes throii^li as he iioes from ('olleiic into active life, as inaii\- of IIS who have heeii throilji'h these transmutations can testify. The hoy is still in a state of imiiiat iii'ity. hnt you lia\<' him now staiiilin^ with his eyes open, no lonticr lixed upon the family wliiidi is around him, hut upon the Wdl'ld whi(di is hefore him. T(j a m.iii at siic-h a time nothiiii:' coiihl he more imporlaiit than ridii;'ioii. Ipoii the presentation which is inaile of it at that lime will depend the fiitiii'e iil' the men who are to he the leaders in our nation. It must he I'oiistant, peiwasive, reasonalile, and powerful. The i|uestion of how to rea(di the masses is mit more important than the i;reat (jiiestion as to the method of training' riiilitly these leaders of tlii' masses. Into it il is not our place to enter here. Hnl as I mention and emphasize its im|)ortance, I tind it possihie to say once foi- all, with a clearness wdlicli F trust will not he forgotten as I hasten to other points of my ar;;iiment, that i do lielieve that onr ('liiirch, more than aii\' other, has the ahilitv to do this lljv; KKMYON COLLKtiK. all important work. l\v (lie lioaiity of its worsliip it is adapted to the tastes and feelings of eullivated men; l-y llie warmth and siniplieily of its evan- gelieal teaehiiigs it reaehes the hearts of men wlio are ready to turn to it as a relief from tlie eonstant training of the mind; by its 'order of services and seasons it appeals to the ever-growing love ol' system; by its breadth and eomprehensiou in theology it relieves men iVom the Inivden of dogmatic professions, which they dread as tetters to a constantly growing and developing life; by the doctrinal position of its catechism and standards it recognizes the oneness oi" religion and lit'e. and gives to a man in his earliest days that right to claim his sonship to Ciod, wliich is the charter of all hnman activity and llioiichi. Such religion our colleges need; wherever and under whatever form and circumstances it is given, in all the range ot' Tidleges it is welcomed aiul dees its mighty work. And well may we claim and rejoice that in our system ol' that worship there are features tiiat have gained and will gain recognition as being specially adapted I'or this iniporiant lield of religious action upon the young men in our Colleges. Our Ohureh as a power is very able, theret'ore, with regard to education. But when we regard it as an i>rganization we understand its possible hin- drances for the work, Tiie very strength and compactness of its organized form, adapting it for missionary and evangelistic purposes beyond all others, exposes it to a danger of attempting to make itself felt as an organization where it ought to be known as a power. It is a danger to which every ecclesiastical body is exposed in its educational institutions; it is one to which we, as the best organized ecclesiastical body, will be most exposed. It is simply one ot' the examples in life of the universal law. that a great gift always brings new dangers in its train and tleinands new wisdom for its administration. And whether we believe that our form ot' Churcii govern- ment is a Divine gift by immediate inspiration to the Apostles, or by the guidance of the Holy Spirit through the ripening history and experience of the Oliurch. it is tlie deepest faith and loyalty so to learn the nature of that gift that it may always assist and never retard the divine purpose of nuin's salvation lor which it is given. The obtrusion of the Church as an organization into the tield of educa- tion creates a divided interest. The College is valued now for its contribution to churchly and, again, to educational interests, whereas the latter are those for which it should exist and to which, in their largest sense, all attention should be given. These two sets of interest may coincide or may not; the various individuals concerned will dillerently reg-jird their comparative importance, and confusion, compromise, and weakness can only be the result. Educational excellence and denominational success together will ever be contesting the ground in the conception and management of the College, and KENYON COLLEGE. 1(59 men will never know whether I hey are iieljiini:; a (liiurcli or liuildinji iij) a College. From such a cause has come, I l)elieve, that state of afl'airs which has been depicted upon this platlbrm, and which shows want of sympathy with our Church Colleges, and the withholding of gifts from them by the members of our Church, who are not assured that they are good educational, but only that they are good Church institutions. Distrust is al the root of want of assistance. Most wisely our Church has abstained, with a persistence which is often misrepresented, from dictating as to social usages, while to its members it has ever recommended the e.xercise ol' the widest and healthiest inlluence in social circles. And to deny it.self tiie pleasure of organized management of educational institutions would ])e to show the same wisdom and gain the same healthy influence. And in our methods of management we see no evidence of ada])tii1ii)ii (o educational questions. The term Church College is a \ery vague one, being made to include Columl)ia College, which is an E25isco])al College only by virtue ol' the fact that its President has always been a communicanl of tlie Protestant Episcopal Church, and Colleges which are under E])iscopal super- vision and whose governing boards are chosen by Diocesan Conventions. The latter in the strictest sense is a Church College, and it is the tendency toward this type in a greater or less degree, of which we must take some account in our discussion. Such management gives the responsibility ibr the College to a Ixjdy of men of whose titness there can be no assurance, who are chosen for ])rominence in Diocesan and Parochial matters, often most remote IVoni educational interests; it involves also the opportunity, in the election ol' Trustees for a College, for revision or e\en rebuke of its past management by a convention, in which personal responsibility disappears and immediate questions of College management cannot be worthily discussed, and which is easily swayed by prejudices which express the opinion of a majority of its members, poorly informed and trained upon educational questions. It jtufs behind the President and other otficers of the College a large gathering ol' clergymen and laymen which meets every year with a perfect liberty and authority to discuss and change by its elections, if not otherwise. College regulations ; all personal responsibility is taken from those officers by such a mode of procedure, and all chance of becoming skilled and experienced educators is destroyed. Episcopal supervision is open to the same oljjections l)y intruding into a company of educators a form of authority intended for an entirely different sphere, and which may or may not be thrown on the side of the greatest wisdom, but which continues without power of change from year to year. A Bishop, who may have been elected for the very different qualities which a Diocese imperatively demanded, whose circumstances of life may have given no acquaintance witii educational institutions, and who even may 170 • KEN YON COLLEGE. have been chosen before such a College was founded, can be the man most influential by position and authority of office in determining the character and fate of a Church College. Just in proportion as the influence of such organized Church government is reduced the danger of evil results is diminished, and the College takes its true place as an educational institution. But surely no mere chance of obtaining by such indirect methods of Episcopal selection the rarely wise man, as is at times the case, can make a community of prudent and reasoning men look with favor upon such a system or endow with liberality the College whicli is committed to it. Educational institutions must be and will be conservative, but their con- servatism must be that of their own nature, not that of ecclesiasticism. They must be allowed to determine for themselves the range of thought and discus- sion which is to be included within their walls. They must be regulated by their own wisdom and influenced by their own character and interests. Men of investigation and of new thought must be welcomed. Tlieories which sound strange as they are first stated cannot be rejected, for it is such theories which have given us some of the very fundamentals of our perma- nent thought to-day. It is better that such theories should be stated where opportunities of investigation, discussion, and refutation exist than in the unrestrained and untrained ranks of outside speculation. The Church wiselj' again admits this fact, where its ecclesiastical action is involved, by its large creeds and its wide range of thought and expression on all subjects. It can and must trust the working of the same principle elsewhere. The limitations of decency, soberness, thoughtfulness, and self-restraint every College will value and guard, where the prejudices of worthy ecclesiastics would tear up itiany a useful plant and cast it away with the weeds of rash and unbridled specula- tion. Leaders in new thought, the young man in College wants to hear and to study. To criticise their position, to determine their value, to estimate their proper influence, it is the, College and not the Church authority which is needed; and the educator and scholar will be free from characteristics of training and necessities of action which must ever regulate the thought of his ecclesiastical brother. It is for and not against the true Church College and its President that I plead; for freedom from ecclesiastical trammels, freedom to exercise the responsibility of its great function, freedom to determine the questions which it alone understands, and to be judged by the results, freedom to use to its full the Church's religious and spiritual treasures without the constant supervision and interposition of the Church's organized forces. It is in the interests of education that I ask for the greatness of religious influence freed from the narrowness of ecclesiastical management and association. KENYON COLLEGE. 171 Ker>. Herman Bab^er's "^Setter to the ctlumni Ctssociation Fort Concho, Texas, June 7, 1875. Brethren — Many long years liave pa.ssed since I met in council with the Alumni of Kenyon College. But length of time lias not abated my atlacli- ment to my alma mater, nor have distance in longitude and latitude and tlie surroundings of a wild frontier life prevented me from giving many serious, earnest thoughts to the welfare (jf my former home — the home of my youtli, the home of my early manhood, and the l)irth place of my new life as a -Christian. This welfare can, in my opinion, be best promoted by going back in our inquiries to the earliest days of the Institution, by ascertaining /rrr w/iat pur pose, by whom, and hy what means, it toas founded ; by noting the changes thai have since occurred in Church and State, some of the most radical of the mis- takes that have been made, and some of the circumstances that have tended to elevate or depress the Institution, and Ity adaptiny it to the demands of the times, so far as it can be done, in consistency with its original purpose. Can I have the attention of my Brethren while I attempt a hurried and brief discussion of these several topics? THE PURPOSE OF THE INSTITUTION I. When Bishop Chase entered on his Episcopate in Ohio, he had l)ut few CO lal)orers in his field, and their nundjer, for several years, increased but slowly, and not in proportion to the inci'ease of population in the State. At that time, a journey from the East was not a pleasant excursion of a few hour's ride in an agreeable railroad coach; and the means ol' locomotion in Ohio were not such as to encourage any one to improve them, who was not endowed with a hardy constitution, and with incentives to endure hardsliips, greater than fall to the lot of ordinary human nature. The Bishop soon saw and felt — for his feelings entered largely into all his work — that the ranks of the ministry must be tilled from the native or adopted sons of the soil. But the ministry of the Episcopal Church must ]je an educated one. He had himself been an educator, tor a large portion of his life, and he determined that a school should be established to supply, or at least to aid in supplying, the pressing demand. Youth at any age and any degree of intellectual culture, were to be taken and trained and educated, till, if called by the Holy Spirit, they should go forth to preach the Gospel. This, then, was the original purpose of the Institution. 172 KENYON COLLEGE. II. Let us inquire WHO WERE ITS FOUNDERS? * * * * * '!' * * * '!■ * * * * * Bishop Chase was, without question, the prime mover in the enterprise, but he was not the only man whose sympathies and means were enlisted in the work. .* * * ***** ******* Evangelical men, who believed that man is born again of the Spirit by the Woi'd, and sanctified by the same means, men who had broad Christian sympathies with those of other names, men who believed in prayer meetings, Bible and Tract Societies, were the men, and they only, who gave the funds to build Kenyon College. * * * * * * * ******** We see then who were the founders. WHAT WERE THE MEANS THEY USED? III. Of course they gave their money, but was this all they dM? Far from it. They consecrated their gifts with their prayers, and some of these gifts were in amounts realized only after the most rigid personal retrenchments. And all were given as to God and not to man. Many combined to exert an iniiuence among parents and communities in favor of the new enterprise. And thus score's of youths were brought from their comfortable homes in Virginia, or from the stately mansions of Philadelphia, to rough it with the Pioneer Bishop, and to become themselves luminous in the " Star of the West." Those who engaged personally with the Bishop in the work, did so in the spirit of earnest self-sacrifice. The Rev. Dr. Sparrow refused many tempting offers, and remained to live on a mere pittance, and Drs. Wing and Preston and others, engaged as teachers, might have had other, far more lucrative employments. No mission enterprise was ever begun with more heartfelt devotion to the cause of Christ than was this. Founded by such men and by such means, who does not see that there is a sacredness in the trust which will prevent success or honor from resting on any attempt that may be intentionally or carelessly made to divert the Institution from its original purpose ? IV. Let us next notice THE MISTAKES, If such they may be called, that have been committed. The first was the locating of the Institution in the woods, instead of in, or in the vicinity of, some large town. This mistake, if it was one, was early pointed out, in a pamphlet, by a shrewd practical man, Mr. Charles Ham- KENYON COLLEGE. iq-^ nioiid, the founder of the Cincinnati Gazette. My own judgment is, tliat the course pursued was ratlier a teni]>orarv injury to the growth of the Episcopal Churcli, than any real injury (o the cause of sound learning. There is no doubt the money expended on stone and mortar, in providing dormitories in the woods, would have sustained several professors in a city where the students could have found lodgings at home or with friends. Then the locat- ing of several Episcopal clergymen as professors, in a body, in such a city as Cincinnati, would have been a power there for advancing the interests of the Episcopal Church, aside from their regular duties as teachers. But when these same clergymen were shut up in the woods, with only a sparse popula- tion of the most uncultivated class within striking distance, that power was in a great measure wasted. Then, too, all the citizens of a town where a college is located, usually feel a personal interest in its welfare, and sujiply it with a large number of students either from their own firesides, or attracted from a distance through the influence of relatives. Thus the catalogue is swelled, and after the superficial mode of judging among Americans, "more makes more." Kenyon has enjoyed no such factitious advantages. Yet, in my opinion, it has enjoyed real advantages, which far outweigh all these. I do not count as one of these the surrounding of students by an uninhabited ibrest of miles in e.xtent, so often alluded to by Bishop Chase as a "moral guard." He meant a guard of morals. They have been only a physical guard, and that of the jjoorest kind. A moral guard stands sentinel over the heart, and etfects its purpose by swaying the impulses rather than by putting physical obstacles in the way of those seeking to gratify wayward propensities. But the majestic I'orests around Kenyon have not been without their use. To a well disposed student, intent on the cultivation of his intellect and the garnering of knowledge, the isolation of Kenyon, its seclusion from ephe- meral excitements of the day, is invaluable. But the great and distinguishing feature of Kenyon has been, that its students have been absolutely free from the constraining and contracting infiuences of any surrounding social horizon. They go out and come in without encountering the gossip and tittle tattle that rtoat so abundantly in every mixed community. Standing as it were on a point, a high watch tower, they look out, not on little coteries and bands around them engaged in advancing their little schemes of personal ambition, liuf out on the whole broad world and take in its movements and its motives. This outlook has a corresponding influence on the expansion of their minds and the enlarging of their views. In this way I account for the fact that a larger number of the graduates of Kenyon have held important positions in society than their comparative number would seem to have made probable. 174 KEN YON COLLEGE. A man brouiiht up and educated in a village, partakes of the character- istics of tliat village. If subsequent circumstances cause his removal to a larger field and the acquiring of larger views, he looks back with a sort oi' con- temptuous pity on the narrow-minded people he has left behind. The dweller in llie metropolis sees something provincial in the inhabitant of every inferior town, while his conceit blinds him to the fact that, though his social horizon is a little large, it is on that very account the more impassable. I am not certain that large universities are not open to the same objection. Their nK'nil)ers are too apt to feel that the little world in which they live contains everything that is needed, and that they have no occasion to look beyond. My inference from all this is thai what has been called " the mistake of locating Ivenyon in the woods," was not a mistake so far as the highest train- ing of the mind is concerned. It will be observed that I take no account of the social enjoyment and refining influence of a mixed society, so often the themes of green College students. They are unworthy of a moment's consideration by earnest students preparing for the great struggle with men of cultivated intellects. Four months are not too long a time to keep the mind intently bent on study witliout damage to its previous social culture. xVnd if a student wishes only to enjoy Ivimself, and have a good time generally while going through College, he should seek some other locality more favorable to his wishes than the quiet, gray old walls of Kenyon. For the main drift of these remarks, I am indebted in part to an observa- tion made by Mrs. Richard Douglas, one of the bright, intellectual stars that siione in the galaxy of refined Chillicothe ladies some forty years ago. A student had asked her opinion of students mingling in societj^ when, con- trary to his expectation, and the generality prevalent notions in College, she pi-omptly responded, " that as the great object of training the mind was to give it power over mind, tlie more purely intellectual its exercises, and the less it should be distracted by external surroundings during the term of study the better would its object be attained," and she went on, at some length, and in tiie same strain, and in a beautiful flow of words, to give apposite illustra- tions and a convincing argument that, in one mind at least, settled the question at once and forever. V. Thus, while I do not admit that the locating of Kenyon in the woods Avas a mistake, I maintain, that a A VERY GRAVE MISTAKE Was made by the early instructors in Kenyon, in common with those in other institutions in the West, in this, that thej' failed to comprehend the striking peculiarities of our Western people, and consequently failed to adapt their KENYON COLLEGE. 175 syslciii iiC (•(liiciit idii III IIm' prcssini;' wiiiils (if ;i new, vigorous mikI |iiisliinf^ pii|iiil;il idii. Tlicv \\ci-c inoi-c r;iiii il iar willi I lie niiilinc oC Kiislcfil (Jollcfics than willi llic |icciiliar lypi' nf liiiinanil y as (li'xi'lopcil in (lie Wfsl, willi jlie stniiiL:: ami nnlicwii iniiuls wliirh, in llic i-oniili ami InniMc ol' an nnscdlcij slalciil' sdcicly, si I'ikc iinl lor I lirniscl vcs anil rise Id IIic sui'lacc, wliicli will iiol suhinil Id i'(']irc'ssi()n. nccil mi ilcvclopincnl , ami only i-cipiirc a liKle iziiiilancc ;iml assislani'c. 'I'licsc (carlicrs llidnjrlil llicy did widl Id iinilnlc prarliccs and syslcins in Ivislern (.'oilefics, wliicli Inid ;;r()\\n ii|i niidci- (|niU' diUcrcnl i-ircnnistaiiccs. 'I'iiey IimsIcmumI, as soon as possihN', lo iircparc a pi-ucruslcan lied, on wliich all Western inhdici-ls, wlidlici- lii^ di- lilllc, slroni;' in- weak, nii^jhl he eqnally strclclieil. A cii rricul u m ofslndii's lni- Ion r years was addplcd, ;ind a (•ciiain ])art assiiinrd In v,\v\\ year. And llirn llic^rcal cry was lur rciinlars. 'I'lic inaidiinc iiinsi lie rnn like !*]aslcrn niarhincs. The ydnlli wild had iiidcjicmlcin'c riiiini;li In rlioiisf his own slndics was plarcd iiiidrr a lian, and cdiisidi'i'cil as sctliiii;' his jiidt:ni('nl alid\c Ihr wisdimi of a,-rs. I!y Ihis cry many a slronji youth was turned IVoni the fooljjallis lo (he ti'inple dt l<'aine, and many sti'onfi: minded ])arents, not apprecialirif: Ihe valne df Lai in and (ireek and high Mat henialics in an cdncalidn, were made In I urn llicir hacks on their own institutions. I would not he iindci-slodd as dcprcciat ini; Ihe iin|ioi-tancc of llic slndics named for devtddpini;- and cult i\ at ing the iiiind. I!iil I Wdiild niainlaiii I hat minds nal iirally si rdug and oriiiinal, or that have heeii trained in sdineli-ade or prdfession, do not 1 1 to lie snlijecled lo Ihe same process that others do. l''or instance, a man who has, lor yeai's, learned to conli-ol his mind in Ihe pj-actice of liookdveeping, or liy handlin^j; type in a pi'int in;; dllice, has acquired a I rainin;.; t hat is equivalent to more I han half I hat of I he liesi ( 'ollege course. The world moves. And the irregular student has linally, in most institu- tions, gained a position iiy lieing allowed to graduate as :i llachcddr nf Science. It has happent'd willi diir ^\'eslern insi itutidiis, as with most imitators, that defecis rather than inei-ils have lieen imitated. .\i-tilicial distinctions, t he scorn df most Western men. have lieen attempted. ,\ I lent inn Id mere form and dress tieyond their comparative worth, has lieen encouraged. Usages and legends of a demoralizing tendency have heen iiil rodiiced, and comparisons, in reference to iiiimliers, are continually made, as though Ihis, which has not liing lo lid VN'ilh Ihe vahu' of an institution, were the only point in \\liiidi we a1 the AVest are to rival the Kasl. The fad is, the founders and members of our Western institutions hail no more occasion to imitate those at the Kasl than the founders of oui- Iv'epiililic hail to imitate Ihe caste distinctions and ell'ete usages of the old monarchies of I'jurope. 17fi RENYON COLLEGE. IV. ANOTHER MISTAKE IN KENYON Kiudi-ed to the one we have just had under consideration, was the separating of the professors and teachers of the institution into two distinct faculties — one of Arts and tlie other of Theology. By this operation two masters, with divided interests, were placed in one household. Had all the students entering College been professing Christians, this division of interests would not have been so apparent. But the great majority have had no thought of the ministry. And it would seem^ the separation must have been effected without any very vivid remembrance of the original purpose of the institu- tion, or with a very great lack of foresight of its effect. The original purpose was only not exclusive, because it could not be known beforehand whom the Holy Spirit would call. Facilities were afforded to all in the hope that, educated under sucli inffuenees, a large number of students would be induced to enter the ministry. But it was never anticipated that the giving a secular education mainly to those who were secular in their feelings and aims would ever become the great end of the institution. Whether or not this has been the result, it is certain its tendency has been to effect the very thing laid to the charge of Bishop Chase at the time he resigned the Episcopate of Ohio. In the report of a Committee of the Diocesan Convention, then in session, it was said that " he had merged the Theological Seminary in Kenyon College." That report was suppressed on the ground of the inexpediency of making charges. " Because," said Judge Brush in the Convention," we are the party in power, and he is the party out of power." But the bare proposing of the accusation shows the jealousy of the Convention concerning the possible diversion of the sacred funds to the promotion of an object merely secular. The Bishop had been no more to blame than others for the prominence given to the College proper, and not so much so perhaps, as those wdio were instrumental in making the institution as nearly as possible like Colleges at the East. In the earliest days, such a division, no matter what might have been attempted in theory, would have been impossible in fact; for the Theological teachers did duty in College as much as any others, and the work could not have gone on without them. The division increased immensely the expense of carrying on the institution without adding anything to its efficiency, or, as I believe, to its reputation. * * * * * * * ******** Advanced students need advice and direction, and not so much direct personal suj)ervision and drilling as do beginners; and it may be more agreeable to j)rofessors to make such a division of classes and departments that each can discharge all his obliijations bv the devotion of two or three KKNYON COLLEGE. 177 lidiirs a (lay Id liis classes. Ili;iii lo uInc live (ir six lidiirs a dav In a, varicly of ( 'ollciic ami ( iraiiiiiiai- ScIkkiI (liitics, Ami il is a vci-y |(|-clly llicoi'v llial a prorcssor iiiiisl lia\c leisure Id devdle Id di'i^inal iiivcsl i;ial inns ami ilee]) ]-esearcli sd llial I lie wcirM al lai-!^'e may eiijey I he prodiM'ls of his leisuri', and Ills iiisliliilidii llie repnlalidii nT possessiiiii siicji a i^eiiiiis. I>iil iid |)iir(, of I be emidwineiils n\' Keiiyiiii wei'e i-diit ril)iil<>d hy llie Slalc, and the consecrated iiills dl' I he ('hiii-ch wci-e n(j| lie>ld\\('d loi- I he |)ui'|iosi> of rni'iiislilnf; easy lierlhs Id men of leisure. .\nd il is a well known facl lli.al Ihe liesi products of Ihe niimi — if we accejil those in llie sin,i:le line of lileralnr( products Ihal lia\c aided in Ihe ad\an<'e of science, arts, and morals have <'onie Irom men eni;a;i('d in some prdfessioii or business dccnpidion. * * * * * y.- V; * * * :/.- * -I: * * VM. ANOTHER IVIISTAKE Was the fillini: of the chairs in Cdliep' with laymen instead of clerfjymen. I lake this jxisilidu not liecause laymen ai'c not just as g;ood teachers as clerjiy- nien ; nor lieciuse I have any I'aidl Id lind willi Ihe a ppeinl nienis in l- he as an.\it)iis lo inci-ease tlie raid(ui sendinu: olhei-s irdo its ranks, as lh(;se who ai-e themselves alreadv in the work ^ ( )r will I heir eNani])le and personal inlluen('e be lik(dy lo keep tli(> sulijeil cdnlinually liefdi'e Ihe mind of Ihe stuileid;' And, where rfdii^ious insliaiclions and social i-(dij;idus ineelin^is sheuhl be ]irdniinenl, can laymen in Ihe Mpiscdpal ('hurch be e.\i)ected lo l.ake Ihe lead as c|ei\!j,ymen could:' Some think a chaplain can attend to all re(|uired relii;idus duties. But Christianity is social in its character, and nowhei-e is il nidre ini]iorlanl that it shoulil ajjpear in its true character than in (lollei;e. Il re((uires all lo ibe interested and unite in ils worship; and if Ihe usages -of the Kpiscojjal Church do not favor this, should we nol cdme as ru'ai- il as possible by j)utfing men there to whom usaiics will be no bar:' A band of c|ei-ical teachers, certainly, in the M])iscopal Chui-ch, whei-e religion and piely.are lo he esjje- cially advanced, have a very decided advantage, in their W(j|-k d\'er laymen. I cannot delay to discuss this point in all its liearinirs, Iml in whatever direction I view it, I reach the same conclusion, lh;il the chani;c from (derical lo lav teachers was a mistake. 178 KENYON COLLEGE. VIII. Let us now notice some of THE CIRCUMSTANCES TENDING EITHER TO ELEVATE OR DEPRESS THE INSTITUTION At tlie beginning Kenyon was almost the only institution distinctively Evangelical in the Episcopal Church, and but comparatively few schools oi' a high character had been established, under religious auspices, in the West. There was a general impression that Episcopal clergyman, as a class, were more highly educated than others and that a school managed by Episcopalians mast necessarily be of a high order. * * * * * % * •* % * * * * * * Another circumstance favorable to the College at ils start, was that the expense of plain living in Ohio, at that time, was very low. The opening of canals and railways and other means of intercommunication soon destroyed this very decided advantage. Again, Virginia sent many students solely because Kenyon was a good Evangelical school. Michigan had not yet opened her system of County Gymnasia, a system culminating in a grand i'ree University. If I remember rightly more than forty of the students of Kenyon were, at one time, from that State. Now the general tide of students runs in the opposite direction. Kenyon was never troubled by the presence of fanatical propagandists of any moral or political questions, but the agitation of exciting topics through- out the country made it, after a time, expedient that Evangelical men in Virginia, and at the South, should not send their students North. So they provided means of education at home and the supply of students from that quarter almost entirely ceased. Of all things that favored the College in its early days there was nothing that outweighed the devout spirit and earnest piety that pervaded the Institu- tion. Many prayers were ofTei'ed in its behalf. It was evidently borne up on the prayers of those who had given their money that laborers might be sent into the Lord's^ harvest. On more than one occasion the concerns of the soul became the absorbing and almost entirely engrossing topic with every mem- ber of the Institution. From those revivals came blessed fruits which may be seen, even to the present day, in the clergy and laity throughout the land. An atmosphere, so charged with the fragrance of prayer, is just such an atmosphere as every Christian should desire his children to breathe. , Bishoj] Chase, in his visitations, traveled with his heart and his mouth full of Kenyon, and left an impression in its favor that could not be easily oblit- erated. But as the work of building went on he became embarrassed in secular employments, and an opportunity was afforded for the (lireat Adver- sary to stir up discord and alienate friends. KENYON COLLEGE. 179 First came the Rev. Li. "SI. West, who, to inaiiiiity liiinseli' and cover his own delinquencies, made an open attack on the Bishop. He probably succeeded, for a brief 2)eriod, in sliakint;; tiie contidence of some friends, if not in the integrity, at least in the wisdom of the Bishop's course. Then came the controversy between the Bishop and tlie Professors respecting the line of each one's respective duty and the limits of power. Tlie immediate, visible results of this controversy are well known. Bui who can tell liow manyjiearts were estranged from tiie Institution, and liow many prayers ceased to be oll'ered for its prosperity ? The residuum of thai controversy long remained a bilter ingredient in the Church in Ohio, both to excile the suspicions of Bishoji O's. successor and to supply the opponents of Kenyon witli the ready means of exciting prejudice. That even more harm was not done by it, was owing to the fact that the Diocese was so nearly a unit in sustaining the Professors, and also to the circumstance that the new Bishop Soon became prominent in tlie growing doctrinal controversies of the Church, so that Gambier — his residence — became almost a synonym with Geneva. It was a proud distinction, and its worth will yet be acknowledged liy the whole Church when she shall have thrown ofl' the incubus wliich has so long dwarfed her energies and caused divisions in iier liousehold. IX. SELLING THE COLLEGE DOMAINS SO as to change their value to other kinds of investment, and to surround tlie College with owners of property in i'ee simple, rather than witii tenants at will, was a very great departure from the original plans of Bishop Chase, and was not alfected without the loss of confidence on the part of many warm friends. The motives of those who favored the change did not all escape dispar- agement; and many omnious utterances were made, Ibrtelling a reckless waste of propert\^ and a speedy ruin of the Institution. Such utterances, of course, could only help to hasten the end predicted. But happily the oppo- nents of the change were not gifted with the true spirit of prophecy. And the good old ship again outrode the storm, and held on lier destined course, though possibly, with favoring breezes somewhat (liminished. All these changes and ditliculties. and others less radical in thcii- character, left an element of disconti nt and faultfinding among former friends. They did not seem to comprehend the situation nor recognize the fad that the springing up of numerous other colleges in the West and South, and the opening of high and graded schools in nearly evei-y town, have cut oil' liie original sources of supply from the College, but, fixing their narrow gaze on the summary of classes in the annual catalogue, coinplainingly asked, "why are tliere so few students in Kenvon?" Ami tlien takiny the Bishop of the Diocese, it would give a pecnliar and dis- tinctive feature to the Institution, and would, in a short time, attract to it a great conii)any of living men, burning with zeal to preach the Gospel, Init now repressed by the thought that three long yenrs must pass belbre they can be (illicially allowed to oj^en their mouths ])ublicly in the cause of Christ. The rooms in Bexley Hall would no longer remain empty. And the tilling of tiiose would tend powerfully to till every other in (Jambier. The indiscriminate mingling of pious "postulants''' and zealous young Dcaciins with other students, which the abolition of class distinctions contem- plates, would furnish the severest and truest test of their sincerity and piety, ;uid at the same time the most correct index of their subsequent usefulness. In conclusion, I have only to add, that however radical the suggestions iiKule ill this paper may appear, they can all be carried out by the simple agreement of the present teachers to put their shoulders to the wheel and act in accordance with them by the approval of the Board of Trustees, and l)y ail appointments hereafter being made with the clear understanding tiiat the In stitution is one, and that he must work where and when he is most needed. I do not flatter myself that my views will, at present, meet with general favor, but I throw them out in the hope they will excite thought, and be ulti- mately of some practical good to an Institution that always has a warm place in mv heart. N. BADOiER. Bisl^op (£I]asc Philander Chase was born near Cornish, New Hampshire, L)ecemi)er 14, A. D. 1775. He was graduated from Dartmouth College in 1795, and ordained Deacon in 1798. After a year's service as Missionary in Utica, Troy, Canan- daigua, and Auburn, New York, he took charge of the parish at Poughkeepsie. To eke out his support, " he had recourse to the com7non expedient of school keeping," at lirst in a private way, but afterwards in charge of the public academy. In 1805 he removed to New (Orleans, where he taught a successful school, and also ministered as rector of Christ Church. In isll he returned North, and became rector of Christ Church, Hartford, Conn. In 1817 he removed to Ohio; was consecrated Bishop in 1819; resigned the Episcopate of the Diocese in 1831; became Bishoj) of Illinois in 1835, and was for a time Presiding Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. He died at Robin's Nest, September ^0, 1852. 1S4 KEN YON COLLEGE. These are the meagre outlines of a life which was filled full of heroic labor for Christ and His Church. BishoxD Chase was a great man, and a good man, and stands out from the backgi'ound of the past with a unique and. commanding personality. In the words of the Rev. Ur. Bronson : "The versatility of his manners was such that he could adapt himself readily to any condition of society. Whether he were in the log cabin of Ohio, where the whole i'amily slept, ate, cooked, received guests and lodged them in the same apartment, or in the magnificent halls of Lord Kenyon, surrounded with the refinement of the old world, Bishop Chase was equally at home and capable of winning golden opinions. Add to this an energy that never flagged, a will that never succumbed, and a physical system that never tired, and we have such a character as is seldom produced, but which was precisely adapted to the great work that he accomplished. Bishop Chase was equally remarkable for industry and endurance. Daylight seldom found him in bed, and he seemed as fond of working or traveling in the rain as though water were his native element. He would preach at Perry (filteen miles from Gambler), and as soon as daylight peeped in the East on Monday morning take his bridle himself, go to the field, catch " Cincinnatus," mount, and be off to set his head men at work in Gambler. Bishop Chase began a work for the Church in Ohio, and in truth for the whole West, such as no other man then living would have attempted, or probably could have accomplished.'" Bishop Mcllvaine's testimony is also worthy of record : " The name of Bishop Chase can never be forgotten in Ohio, nor cease to be regai'ded with affection and respect so long as there remains among us a just appreciation of those many and vigorous attributes of personal character which so signally marked his whole official life. His monument among us is Kenyon College — with all the history around it, of the enterprise and sacrifices and toils and trials and difficulties with wliich its founder commenced and carried forward that institution. It will not be long before the last of liiose who were personal witnesses of what he did and overcame in that enterprise will have passed away — nor before the aspect of Ohio will have become so changed by progressive and rapid improvement that it will be very difficult for a new generation to form a just conception of Avhat Bishop Chase undertook when he set himself to the establishinent of Kenyon College in the locality selected, and what he accomplished so long as he remained in Ohio to carry forward that entei-prise. Difference of opinion as to the wisdom of some details of his plans is no detraction from his merited praise for great purity of motive, a single desire in all things to build up the Church of Christ, a large heart to devise, and a most unconquerable energy to execute scliemes for the glory of God, and the salvation of men." KENYON COLLEGE. 185 KccoIIccttons of tiK €arhi T>a\\s at IDortl-jinaton BY REV. ERASTUS BIRK, D. 1). I. I'oRTSJIOrTII, O., August 'J, ISIM). My Dear Dr. Bodine — In cdnqiliance with your request I send you some "recollections" of Bislio]) Ciiase at Worthinjiton and of liie school which he established at that place. I mean now the school in I he villai;e of Worthington, and not that whi('h lie had on his iarni a lew years allerwards, and which was the beginning of Kenyon College. Bishop Chase came 1o Oiiio in Ihe spring of ISlT. After s])ending some weeks in the northern part of the State, he reached Worthinglou in June of that year, and soon after made np his mind to settle there. He was ciioscn Eector of St. John's Church of that place, and took charge also of the neigh- boring parishes of Delaware, Berkshire, and Columbus. Not long afler this he received from the Trustees of the Worthington Academy the aj)poinlui('ul of Principal thereof. A large Ijrick building — large for those times — had lieen erected some years previously for that institution. In this building, in the year 1S20, Bishop Chase established a sciiool ol' a high order, in which he engaged his son. Philander Chase. Jr., as priiici]ial teacher and manager. Many i)ui)ils came to this school fnnn abroad, the niosl ol' whom lived in the Bishop's family at his residence, about tiiree-fourf hs of a mile south of the village, where he had purchased a farm of a hundred and sixty acres, and erected a somewhat spacious dwelling. Mr. Chase, Jr., W'as ordained to the Diaconate by his father at Ihe Convention held in Worthington in 1S20. He was a graduate of Harvard College, with high honors. He had gone as Chaplain and teacher of mathe- matics on lioard the ship (luerriere with Commodore McDonough, first to St. Petersburg, and then to the Mediterranean, on a three years crinse. His reputation willi that of his father drew together quite a large number of ])upils Irom dilferent parts of the Stale, and some from Kentucky, and perhaps other States. They were generally of the best families. I remember some of them. From Cincinnati there were two sons of the Hon. John C. Wright, viz.. Crafts J. and Ta]ipan, the latter of whom died young; tlie former became for a time editor of tiie Cincinnati Gazettv^ did good service as 186 KENYON COLLEGE. Colonel in the late war, and died a lew years ago at Cliicago; a son of the celebrated Charles Hammond, Henry by name, who also died young. From Cincinnati also there was a son of Dr. Daniel Drake; he — Charley Drake — was among the youngest of the pupils. He was for a time Senator in Congress Irom Missouri, then Judge of the U. S. Court of Claims, and is still living in Washington, D. G. From Chillicothe came Allen McArthur, a son of Governor McArthur, Abraham Claypool, and Thomas and Nathaniel James, sons of Thomas James; they both died young. From Lexington, Ky., there were three boys of the name of Talbot. From Zanesville there were Caroline and Reeves. (A few girls were admitted.) From Steubenville were two sons of Bezaleel Wells, viz., Alexander and Bezaleel, Jr. From Newark came Ben. Brice, son of Dr. Brice. A few years since he was living and held the office of Paymaster General of the U. S. Army. All these and some others whom I cannot call to mind lived in the Bishop's family, and went thence daily to the xVcademy in the village. There were also students from Columbus, Delaware, Dayton, Circleville, and other places, as well as not a few from the immediate vicinity of Worthington. William Walker, a half breed AVyandotte was there from the Wyandotte reservation (now Wyandot County), a bright, intelligent fellow, who alterwards became a chief of his nation, and went with them on their removal to the Indian TerritorJ^ Last, but not least, was Salmon P. Chase, a nephew of the Bishop, who was sent by his widowed mother from Cornish, N. H., to be brought up and educated by his uncle. He was a good student and made good progress, notAvithstanding his time was much taken up with domestic occupations. He remained in the Bishop's family until he, the Bishop, went to England in 1823, removing with him to Cincinnati, where he pursued his studies for a time in the Cincinnati College. I remember some incidents in wliich Salmon figured pretty largely, and in which he displayed certain ti-aits of character which came out conspicuously, in the course of his subsequent life. Among tliese was a strong determined will which impelled him to (n-erride, if possible, all obstacles that lay in his way. The title of "Ferry Boy," which his political friends gave him for effect, arose from the trilling circumstance that, when waiting at Cleveland for company on his Vfny to Worthington, strolling by the Cuyahoga River, he boldly oftered, in the absence of the usual ferryman, to take over some persons who were impatient to cross. Bishop Chase took a deep interest in the welfare of this school, and notwithstanding his long absences on long journeys over his diocese, he managed to give much of his time to the school, and greatly encoui-aged teachers and pupils bj' his wise and cheery words. When his son was obliged, on account of failing health, to give up his position as teacher, he was succeeded bv the late Dr. Ezra B. Kellogg, then a voung man recently KENYON COLLEGE. ]S7 admitted to the ministry. He taus;ht witii great acceptance lor a lime, and his liealth failing also, he resigned and became the tirst reclor of S(. TaiiTs Church, Chillicothe. He was succeed Wy .Mr. ^\'illiam Sparmw . t lie laic Dr. Sparrow, who afterwards was so c()ns])icu()us and inllueulial in tlic all'airs of Kenyon I'ollege and the Seminary, and nol less so in tiiosc of I he .\Ic\andria Sennnary. Al tins time .Mr. Spari-nw h;id nol i-cacliod his twenty second year, and it was a matter of talk and wcnider with us boys how one so young could possibly be capal)le of teachiiiii and go\'ei'uing in an academy coniposed of pupils, many of whom were older than himseir. lint lie soon pi-o\-e(l hiniseir (|uite equal to the occasion. Bishop Chase was always an earnesi promoter of edncalion. He had hiins(df, in earlier life, been a distinguisiied teaclier. He d(dighlearts, and niinisfered widi nmcli re iiuiaritv to his I'ornier parishes, vi/., tliose oT ^\'(>rthington, Delaware, lieriisiiirc and ('oiunibns. He was also at this jieriod much o<'.-n])ied with liis correspondence, larpdy with lliat witli iiis Kni^lisii friends, and iariirly. also, with those nearer home on matters cfmnected with the i^reat work which he had in hand. 1 iiave a distinct recollection of beiuii' emj)loyed in copying letters for tlie ISishop, one hy one, as he wrote tiieni; some of which same letters I recognize in the two volumes of the Bishop's ''Reminiscences." I was employed by the liisliop in rei-civiii;^-. cataloguing, and putting up books donated by friends in l<]ngland. Several huiuli-ed \olumes were received about that time, and more during the following summer. They are now in the library of Bexley Hall. I also reinein1)er some instances of assist in;i- the l'>ishop in ouJ: of-door work, such as driving the team for him to plough his acre "potato patcii,'' in mending fences, hauling Hrewood from the neighboring i'orest, etc. Our recitations at that period wei'e not very regular, nor much prolonged; but 1 think we made some ])rogress — at least in lessons of industry and self-dependence. Some- time in ]\Iay of this year, Jlr. Sparrow came and took our studies in ciiarge — the same who had taught some years previously in the Worthington Academy. He came from JMiami Univei-sity, where he had been employed as tutor during the time that Bishop Chase had been away in England. Studies now began in good earnest. Mr. Sparrow ])roved to be a very exacting teaclier, and yet it was easier to prepare, and I felt iiappier in jireparing, for his recitations than for those of any other teacher. There was no let oil', no chance for siiirking, and the good hard work he exacted brought its reward. ^Iv. S. was not long the sole teaclier. Soon after, a Mr. ]\IcMillan was engaged as tutor, or gram- mar school instructor, and left Professor Sparrow with Latin, Greek, and Mathematics. Students were now coming in in considerable numbers. By the enil ol this year (1825), tiiere were twenty-liv(\ To accommodate so many the Bisliop erected several log buildings in the spacious grounds about his residence. Perhaps* it should be explained that this was situated some dis- tance, perhaps several hundred rods, from the main road. The farm, as else- where stated, consisted of 1(50 acres. It lay on'botli sides of the State road from Columbus to Sandusky and Cleveland. From Columbus it was eigiit miles. The dwelling was reached by a broad private lane, or, in modern phrase, avenue. It was scarcely visible from the I'oad on account of interven- ing trees. Tlie buildings erected were four in number, one for a dining-hall, about sixty Ijy twenty-iive feet, adjacent to the kitchen; another, somewhat larger, for a school-room, (jhapel, etc. Tlie other two were of smaller size, and were lor students' rooms. All these liuildiniis were of unhewed logs covered with 190 liENYON COLLEGE. " clap-boards ", and these were held in place by logs laid across each course. A I'arm house some distance ofl" across a field was also brought into rec|uisition. It had been erected by Bishop Chase in 1817, and occupied by his family while his permanent dwelling was being built. It had two rooms below and one, a. half- story, above. The main room below was occupied by Mr. Sparrow. The other, which had been the kitchen, was occupied by my chum, Henrj^ Dickinson, and myself unlil the Indians came, when we had to give place to them, and were promoted to theroom above, which was already in possession ol' (wo others, viz., Edward Sparrow, a brother of our Professor S , and Elmer Hersey, of Newark, Ohio, who died at liome during the next vacation. At the first, when the students were few in number, say from ten to fifteen, we took our meals at the Bishop's table, Mrs. Chase presiding. The Bishop was much away, but when at home our mealtime was greatly enlivened by his amusing stories and narration of events which his varied experience furnished. After- wards, the long dining- hall, with two tables extending nearly its whole length, was requisite for the increased number of hungry boys. Mr. McMillan, our tutor, having a lamily, found accommodations at the house of one of the neighl)ors. The foregoing relates chiefly to tlie year 1825. I hope I shall be excused if I introduce here an extract from a diary which I was in the habit of keep- ing during those early years. It will indicate much in few words. "January 1, 1826. The year 1826 comes in on Sunday. It finds me study- ing at Kenyon College, which, for the present, is on the Bishop's farm near Wortliington. President, Rt. Rev. P. Chase; Professor of Languages, Rev. Williiim Sparrow; Tutor in the Grammar School, Mr. Gideon McMillan. The students at this time, including five Indian boys, are twenty-five in number — names as follows: T. J. Davis, G. W. Adams, Brainerd, William Ijams, Henry Dickinson, Hezekiah Wells, Edward Sparrow, Harvey Pinney, Wm. Shepard, Munro, Thompson, Walker, Wells, James Melich, Walter Ingraham, Edward I. Chase, Francis Upson, Booth, Blodget, Erastus Burr. The Indians are John Johnson, John Buckingham, Joseph Heron, John White, and John Heron. Boarding at if 1.25 per week. Tuition in the Grammar School, $10.00 per year; College, $20.00." The above is the only list (Catalogue?) of the students of the Institution while it was at Worthington, except it be a copy of this. During the winter of 1826-27, some members of the Legislature used to come up from Columbus on Sundays to Church — services, for the most part, in the log chapel. The institution had begun to attract a good deal of attention, and its prospects were vei-y flattering. At one time it was thought that it would find its location on Alum Creek, about twelve miles north, or a little east of north, of Columbus. Mrs. Betsey Reed, of Zanesville, had offered to give a tract of fine land of one KENYON COLLEGE. 191 lliousnnd acres in that locality. Tlic Bishop liad the land snrveyed, and seemed much jileased will) it as a suitable seat IVn- the Institution, lie invited all the people from adjacent \illajivs and settlements tocome witii liieir teams and iielp clear oil' a heautilul slope of the g;rounds overlooking the river — Alnm Creek. 'I'liey came in large numliers, and soon made a clearing of eight or ten acres. People generally thought that there the College would have its seat. But before the Convention of IS'ifJ met, as it did at (Columbus in June (if I hat year, liiis (•xi)e<'fation had ])een superseded by the purchase (condi- ti(inal) of eight lluiusand acres in Knox County, and it became a foregone (■ ■lusiou Ihal tile Insl il iil ion siiouid go liiitiier. The following is the resolu- tion (o that elfect, unanimously adojik'd by the t'ouvention: ''/i'cs-o/^vy/, That the Theological Seminary of the Diocese of ( )ind and Kenyon College be, and the same hereby is, forever established on such ]iart of Section 1, in Township 6, in Range 12, of the United States Military Land, as may be selected by the Ti'ustees of said Seminary and College." After this we saw little of the Bishop. He bent all his energies to pre- pare a place in the woods on ''(laml)ier Hill" in which his beloved Seminary might as soon as possil)le find a permanent home. When he did appear among ns, what glowing accounts he gave of the situation, and of (lie work which was going on under his strong hand! What mountains of dillicidly he I'ucountered and overcame 1 In less than two years from the lime when he cut down the lirsl tree on (he hill, he had erected a large massive stout' edilice one hunilre(l and ten by forty -four feet, and four stories high (this, however, was liul I he center of the whole design), and other buildings sufficient to give the Institution not uncomfortable accommodations at the end of that period, \ iz., the spring of 1828, when its removal from Worthington took place. What a work had thus been accomplished in less than five years, and this by the indomitable energy, as may be said, of one man, notwithstanding the most determined opposition. Bishop Chase went to England for aid late in the year IS2."). l!y the sjjring of 182S he had purchased and jiaid for eight thousand acres of land ol' the very liest quality; had erected many liuildings, some of them large and expensive, on grounds which until then were covered l)y a dense Ibrest. To elfect this, he was obliged to open quari-ies of stone, to build mills both for huuber and flour. He had gathered u])wards ol' seventy students willi liieir instructors, and had set in operation the machinery for working out the great results which from the first he had had in view. In other words, he had founded and put into successful operation a Theological Seminary and C'ollege of great promise of good to the Church and to the world. 192 KENYON COLLEGE. I liave thus, mj' dear Doctor, given you some " recollections." and some incidents from my diary of the early life of the Institution in which you too have been a long and patient laborer. I have omitted many things that came into my mind as I wi-ote, deeming tliem perhaps not suitable for your purpose, or not worth the space their relation would occupy. One or two omissions, liowever, I must supply. While the College was yet at Worthington, that life- long and most useful servant of the Institution, the Rev. M. T. C. Wing, began his work in it. In the early part of the year 1827, he succeeded the Rev. Mr. McJIillan, who had resigned his tutorship and gone to take charge of the Oluirch in Piqua. Mr. Wing had classes in Latin, Algebra, History, and Rhetoric. During this year (1827), the elder students formed the Philomaths' sian Society, which, I believe, still exists. It was then carried on with great vigor and usefulness. I call to mind also that while the expectation that the lands on Alum Creek would furnish a site for the Institution was strong in people's minds, the Bishop held several religious services there — in the woods. They were a novel spectacle, and drew together an immense crowd of people from all around. The Bishop preached with great power, and some pronounced it a right good camp meeting! The late Rev. Dr. Kellogg was present, and assisted the Bishop very materially. • And now, to conclude, I must crave indulgence for a personal remark. When, in 1828, the Institution was about to be removed to Gambler, my parents tliought it best to send me to Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., that I miglit be near my sister, who was then about to go to a Female Seminary in that city. So I entered the Junior Class of that College, and was graduated in 1830, and thereby missed the honor of being a graduate of Kenyon. I remain, my dear Doctor, with high esteem, Truly yours, ERASTUS BURR. AT THE ENTRANXE OF THE COLLEGE PARK. KENYON COLLEGE. 193 ^Recollections of Scl^ool Days at Wovi\}mgion BY HON. SALMON P. CHASE, LL. D. From letters written to J. T. Trowbridge, Esq.] My uncle, at the time I went to him, was in tlie malurily ol' Iiis intel- lect iial and physical powers, lie was a i^real worlvcr. a lli(inin!.i]ily |iraclical man, always thinking of something to be done, and then doing it with all his might. There was not a particle of Ham or cant in his make up. Thoroughly religions, he always looked to God. His motto was, Jehovah Jireh — God will provide. But his faith in God only animated him to most strenuous personal hihor. It was not passive but active. If anything was to be done, he felt (hat he must do it; and that, if he put forth all his energy, he might safely and cheerfully leave the event to Divine Providence. Usually exceedingly kind and a delightful companion to young and old, he was often very harsh and severe, not because he liked to be, but because he was determined to have every thing just as he thought it ought to l)e. He was thoroughly imbued with a sense of the importance of his episco- ])al office, and a thorough believer in the subordination of the orders to the Episcopate. Certainly, he lived to Govern; but he liked to govern for the good of others, not his own. He liked to overcome, too; great oltstacles stimulated but did not dis- courage him. Among us boys he was almost, and sometimes, indeed, quite tyrannical. But he was not disliked — much less hated — he was revered and feared, lie was not loved by the boys then — but, afterward, when they had left him, and looked back on the days they had spent under his charge, and saw him more as he really was, love mingled with thi^ir reverence, and became its equal in their hearts. ()ne of the most noteworthy things I saw, during the time I was at Worthington, was the flight of vast flocks of pigeons and their roost. They might, if it were possible to count them, be numbered by hundreds of thou- sands. They came from the West and formed a roost southeast from our liiiuse, ill the forest between Alum ('reek and (lie ()lentangy — or, as i( was (lien called, the Whetstone. From this roost they departed westward each morning, and returned toward night-fall. Their flight was wonderful. They came toward their roost in vast bodies — sometimes sO vast that thev actuallv 194 KENYON COLLEGE. darkened the sky and dimmed the light below like thick, black clouds. Some- limes a Hock, flying toward tlie forest, would sail too low, and, coming to its edge, would suddenly stop, turn and rise over the trees — the clapping of tlieir wings making a rattle like the noise of musketry — or more like that of sliarp, hut distant tininder. I was the only lioy from New England, and the other boys, whose ideas of a Yankee, derived from thoir parents and their friends, were, I Jear, not altogether just, were much inclined, for a lime, to twit me on being one. Every now and then they called me Yankee in tones not altogether respectful. At length, I could'nt bear it any longer, and said to Tom James, when, one day, he called me a Yankee : "Tom, if you call me a Yankee again, I'll kick you." "Well," said lie, "you're a Yankee." As good as my word, I kicked him, and made the kick just as severe and just as disagreeable as I could. He was older than I, and I expected a light. But, instead of attacking, he went after the Bishop, and complained. I was at once summoned into his presence. "Salmon," said tiie Bishop, very gravely and severely, "Tom James says you have been kicking him. Is it truer' " Yes, sir." " What did you kick him IbrT' " Because he called me a Yankee." "AVell," said the Bishop, "are you not a Yankee? Your father was, and I am, and we were never ashamed of the name." " Yes, sir," said I, "I don't just mind being called a Yankee, but I won't be called a Yankee so," with a pretty decided emphasis on the last word. The Bishop could not helji smiling, and dismissed me with a reprimand, which I did not mind much. I was not called a Yankee, so, al'ter that — and had no occasion to kick Tom James again. The school house was a square, brick building of two stories, on the west side of the town square. I remember little of what happened there. I must have been required to compose ; for I remember, on one occasion, that mj- cousin commended a composition in terms which I thought quite unmer- ited, and which took me entirely by surprise, but which, after all, made me feel quite proud. I must have been taught some Greek, also; for my exercise in an exhi- bition occasion — probably at the Convention of 1S21 — was an original Greek oration. How I puzzled over it : what trouble I iiad to turn my English thought into Greek forms ! The grammar and the lexicon and the Greek Testament were in great requisition. The subject was Paul and John compared — at any KENYON COLLEGE. ]95 i-alf, I'miiI \v;is ;i ininiipiil liLLurc, tlioiij^li my iiK'iiiory may be at fault as to .IdIiii. 'I'Iic siiIiji-cI IicI|ic(I. lor it mIIhwciI iric lo l;ikc sentences IVoin (lie Tes liunciil. .-inil Siindays, tlie school njom was used for the Clinrch services. My turn came to front the terrors of an audience. I walked out on llie slaire: my knees shook ; my eyes were dim ; lail memory served me lailli liilly, and I went throujili. The Bishop was inoiid ni' liis (ireek orator, and, I dare say, thouj^h I have small ivniemliranci' ot my own feelinjrs. I llioii;rlil myself f|uile a lion. I was not always indii>lrioiis. 1 likeij to reaci slorie^. and would some- times have some interesting hook of nairalise. real or liclilioii-^. heloi-e me when I should have had my lesson-liook. And om-e 1 icmemlier \nni\fj; mean enough to hide my story-book and substitute my lesson-book, as my cousin- pi-ecept(jr came b\' and looked inquisitively into my desk. Whether he detected me or not, I caniiol tell. He made no remark. So went the days in school. Out of School I diil chores; took ^rain to I he mill and Itrought back meal and Hour: milked the cows: drove them to and Iroin ])astiire; took wool to tiie carding factory over (iU tiie Scioto, an imjiorlaiil journey lo me: iiiiill tires and l)rought in wood in the wintertime; helped gather sugar water and make sugar when winter first turned to spring; helped plant and sow in the later spring. In most of wliatcver a boy could do on a farm I did a little. Sometimes I was sent to ('()liimliMs, nine miles south, on horseback, to make small purchases. I remember yel llie firm of (Joodale iV Hut ties — which the boys travestied as good ale in bottles — where, one morning, I br)ught some sickles or scythes and other matters, having risen long before day, mounted old sorrel, and ridden to Columbus, determined to be liack before breakfast, which I accomplished. (Jne ludicrous incident of the chore kiml impressed itself strongly on my memory. The Bishop and most of the elder meml)ers of the family went away one morning — he having (u-dered me lo kill and dress a i)ig while they were gone, to serve for dinner that day or iiexl. I hail no great trouble in catching and slaughtering a fal yoiini: poi-ker. .\iid 1 had llie liil> of hoi water al! ready for plun^ring him in. ni-eparaliir\' to taking oil' liis luislh-. rnfortunately, however, the water wa~ loo hoi. or. olhei-wise. in wron- condi lion: or, perhaps, when I soused the pig into it, I kepi him in lo(j long. At any rale, when I undertook to take otf the bristles, expecting they would almost come off of themselves, to mv dismay, I could not start one of them. 196 KENYON COLLEGE. The bristles were set, in pig-killing phrase. I picked and pulled in vain. What should I do? The pig must be dressed. In that there must be no failure. I betliought me of my cousin's razors, a nice new pair, just suited to a spruce young clergymjin as he was. No sooner imagined than done. I got the razors and shaved the pig I'rom toe to snout. I think the shaving of the pig was a success. The razors were 'some- what damaged in the operation ; but they were carefully wiped and restored to their place. My impression is, that, on the whole, liowever, the pig killing was not satisfactory to my good uncle, and that my good cousin found his razors not exactly fit for use the next morning. It was, on the whole, a funny rather than a useful operation. I succeeded, however, ibr it showed that where there is a will there is a way, and that there are more ways than one of doing a thing. I was not a contumacious youth, certainly, but I did sometimes feel a little rebellious when I thought harshness went to the point of oppression. At one period, for a while, nothing that I did seemed to please my uncle. I tried my best to satisfy, but without 'a-fail. At length I said to myself, " Tiiere is no use in trying. I won't try. I'll do just what I think right, and let him like or dislike it." I went on this way two or three weeks, when, one day, the Bishop surprised me with : " Salmon, you have been a very good boy, lately." My memories of Worthington, on the whole, are not pleasant. There were some pleasant rambles, some pleasant incidents, some pleasant asso- ciates, but the disagreeable largely predominated. locating tt^e Site of ^cnyon dollegc Editors of the Kenyan Collegian: Gentlemen r In your April number, under the head "Right Rev. Philander Chase, D. D.," is an articje continuing a memoir of that worthy divine, in which allusion is made to some circumstances attending the first selection of the site of Kenyon College. Although the matter is of small importance, yet whatever is deemed worthy to be narrated in history, is like- wise worthy to be accurately stated ; and, as some errors have been inadvert- ently admitted by the writer into the article referred to, and myself being one of the party named which accompanied Bishop Chase on the occasion referred to, I will take the liberty to give j^ou briefly a true statement of the circumstances attending the excursion. KENYON COLLEGE. 19Y It \v:is on a bright summer morning (July 22, 1825), that a parly of gentlemen started from Mount Vernon with Bishop Chase, for the purpose of exploring the country eastward of, and adjacent to this city — then a village of about fifteen hundred inhabitants — with the view to the selection of a suitable site, for the Theological Seminary and Kanyon College. Tlie party, beside Bishop Chase, consisted of Daniel S. Norton. Esq., and the under- signed, of Mount Vernon, John Trimble and James Rawden, of Perry Town- ship and Parish, in Coshocton County, and George Melick, of Jackson Town- ship, Knox County. We were all on horseback. I was the youngest of the party, and had no previous acquaintance with the Bishop, except having met liiiii a lew weeks previously at "Cully's" in Newark, and having attended tiie preceding evening on occasion of his preaching at the old Presbyterian Church in this place — the first time, I believe, the Episcopal service had ever been ]K'rformed here. It was known that Mr. William Hogg, of Brownsville, Pennsylvania, owned a tract of 8,000 acres of land — two military sections of 4,000 acres each — lying a few miles east of liere, which, from the varied character of its surface, and beauty of its streams and valleys, it was suggested might otier a suitable location for the proposed Seminary and College. And the attractive rolling character and beautiful scenery of other tracts of land, lying in that part of our County, also encouraged us to believe that we should be able to present to the Bishop a site more desirable and pleasing than any that had l)een l)efore proposed. We went out on what is here called the Cosliocton lioad, and struck the land of Mr. Hogg, on the west boundary of what has since been called the " North Section." at the distance of about four miles. We proceeded througli the section, noticing many pleasant leatures. The lirst place that attracted marked attention, as probably suited for the object of our exploration, was the high elevation a little to the south of the road, and immediately west of what is now the farm and residence of Henry Errett, Esq. We examined this j)oint with a good deal of interest and satisfaction. A small stream C' Schenck's Creek") was winding its way through a lovely valley which lay immediately east of the hill, widening as it extended southward, and present- ing some beautiful views, but rather limited in extent and distance. The Bishop, as indeed all the party, was pleased, with this spot, but reserving our judgments to further observations and discoveries, we proceeded into the val- ley, and through the entire "Section." Thence through lands of the "Bath- bone" and "Campbell" Sections, down the valley of the "Schenck's Creek," to the junction of that stream with "Owl Creek" — to which Bishop Chase in his subsequent maps of the College lands, gave the more euphonious name 198 ICENYON COLLEGE. of " Tlie Vernon River" — and thence turning again westward, and proceed- ing up that river, and generally near its margin, we again entered the lands oi' William Hogg, at the eastern boundary of the "South Section." On this "Section" there were several cabins, and a number of small farms opened. The road lay across the beautiful valley, (that now spreads out like a great garden, immediatel.y east of Gambler,) and, again striking the river, followed its margin in a pretty straight line, until interrupted by the abrupt descent of what is now the "College Hill," whence winding around the base, it followed the course of the stream, pretty near the present road line, into and across the large "bottoms" and beautiful valley that lies on the west side of "the Hill." 1 iiad once, on a previous occasion, crossed over this hill, a promontory, and was the onh' one of the party who professed any knowledge of the charac- ter of the plain that lay on the top of its elevation ; and it was with reference to this spot that I had desired the party to return by this route. Arriving, therefore, at the base of "the hill," on its south side, I called the attention of the Bishop and the others of the party, to the elevation on our right, and its beautiful surroundings. The curve of the base, the acclivity of the hill, and the graceful bend of the river, with the wide opening of the valley east and west, were attractions too striking to need explanation. But it was suggested by Mr. Norton that there was not room enough on the crown of the hill lor the accommodation of the necessary buildings and grounds of the contem- plated Institution. To this I replied that I had once crossed the hill, and that there was a level plain on the top, of wider extent than was supposed. Bishop Chase answered by saying, "Come, Mr. C., I will go with you u\) to the top of this hill, and we will see how it looks." The other gentlemen of the party, not having ranch apparent faith in the fruits of our difficult ascent, dismount-ed from their horses, and disposed themselves for rest in the shade at the road side. And the Bishop and myself j^roceeded alone to mount the hill. The side was thickly set with an undergrowth of oak bushes, frequently interlaced witlr rambling grape -\'ines. We struggled through these tangles on our horses until about half way up the hill, when the Bishop, becoming dis- couraged with that mode of proceeding, proposed that we should take it a fool. We dismounted and hitched our horses, and then ])roceeded as well as we could until we emerged on the top of the hill, on the very spot where the old College building now stands. The heavy timber that had once covered the crown of the hill, had prin- cipally, many years betbre, been prostrated by a storm, or otherwise destroyed, so that, excepting a more stunted growth of brush than that we had just come through, the plain on the top was comparatively open and free from obstruc- KEN YON COLLEGE. 199 tidii III llif view. I'assiiii;- a lilllc iiort li\\ ard. llic whole |)aiiiiraiiia of llie licautirul valleys thai lay al our feet, Ihe niKJiiIal inu, line ami \ ary iiiij siirlace of llie distant liills, eastward, soul hwanl, and westward, with Ihe windinjis of the river, all were brouglit into view, and jiresented a scene and landseape of misurpassed loveliness and heaiily. It cerlaiidy so ai)i)eared to nie tlien, and so it st'eniod to strike our sjood Hislio]), Standinfi n])t)n the trunk of an idd fallen oak, and permitting; his eye to ])ass round the horizon and lake in the whole prospect, he expressed Ids (hdiiiiit and satisfaction in the lirief lint siji- nilicanl exclamation: "Well, this will do 1 '" lie then pointed out Ihe varied lienulies of the spot, its extensive views, and Ihe adviuita^cs thai would lie (ilitained by openiui;- some parts of the contiiL^uous forest — ini]irovin.i;- Ihe |U'ospecl in certain directions. We then returned to \h(^ fool of the lull, and found our companions amus- ing and resting themselves where we had left them. The Hisho]i expressed himself to them in strong terms of satisfaction and ilelighl in res|)ect to the si)ot he had just examined. We all returned to Mt. N'ernon together. 'I'he Bishop came with me to my house to tea; and, from the circumstances of my wife being a neai- relative of Mr. Hogg — the owner of the land where the site had been selected — Ihe conversation turned very much upon Ihe hope of making that the permanent location, and the ]irobability ol' obtaining the land at a prict' within tlu' means of Ihe young Institution and its then limited endowment. When he left my house. Bishop Chase expresst'd to me his intention to visit Mr. Hogg at an early day, with a view of securing a conlract for the purchase of the land. And he took with him a letter from nu' to that gentlemen (with whom 1 was on the most kind and friendly rehitions) strongly i-ecommending the objects of the Bishop's proposed visit. \\'hen 1 next saw Hishop ( 'base, which 1 think was sotnet inu' during the following winter, he had made a provisional contract lor tin- purchase of the whole S, 000 acres at three dollar.s ])er ai're; a price considered very low, as Ihe land coultl readily have been sold al a higher rate. Mr. Hogg subse([uently, on the solicitation of Bishop ('base, and in view of Ihe noble objects ol' the pui-chase, niunilicenlly rebated ,s/./' tlioKsdml dtilhii-ft from the original conlract pi'ice. Al the annual convention of 18:2(), stei)s were adopted by which Ihe pur chase from Mr. Hogg was conlirmed, and Ihe jiernument site of Kenyon ( 'ol lege and its other institutions was established in their j)resent location, and upon Ihe identical spot to wliich I conilucte(l Ihe I^ishoj) on the occasion abo\t> referred to, and from wliich his miml had never wavered from the linu' he lirst stood upon the ground. 200 KEN YON COLLEGE. Now, after the lapse of a quarter of a century, every year of which has but added new evidence of the sagacity, sound judgment, and good taste of Bisliop Chase in the location which he made; and the wisdom of the Conven- tion and its committee that confirmed that decision ; it is pleasant to recur to these reminiscences of the infancy of the Institution, when, indeed, it had neither a local habitation nor a name ; and to contrast its condition in the days of its obscurity and feebleness with its present proud position. Old Kenyon, as the boys love to call her, has indeed won her way upward, gloriously and successfully. The clouds that have sometimes hung upon her horizon have passed away, and she stands this day a peeress among the noble institutions of learning in our countiy — an honor to the Diocese — and a monument of the wisdom, and to the fame, of the noble tbunder. Mt. Vernon, 0., April 18, 1859. HENRY B. CURTIS. ^ow tl^e Bist^op Built 1715 dollcge in tl]c IDoobs BY JOHN JAMES PIATT. Gray's " Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College '' has not the universal sentiment of the "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard," but it expresses as no other poem, I believe, has ever yet expressed so well, the feeling one has in revisiting the scenes of school-boy experience, after long absence and the world have intervened — when he finds himself, a boy's ghost, in the midst of posterity. And when, approaching Gambler, upon the Mount Vernon road (Gambler is five miles eastward from Mount Vernon), the dusky steeple of Kenyon College was seen far oH' among the tree-tops, I Ibund myself repeating almost unconsciously — deposing meanwhile the long departed "Henry" (Henry the Sixth was the founder of Eton) in the Iburth line, and substituting the possessive of Bishop Chase — the first verses of that poem : "Ye distant spires, ye antique towers, That crown the watery glade, Where grateful Science still adores Her Chase's holy shade." • In June, 1826, Bishop Chase started with his little army of occupation for the chosen spot, which he named Gambler Hill, after his first powerful and steadfast English friend. " His hired man and his little son, Dudley, were the onljr persons who accompanied him from Worthington to the promised land KEN YON COLLEGE. ^01 oil tills lonely journey," tlie heroic liisliop writes, ;ivv\\ laid ont. as far as can lie, till we liiid water. If tliis cannot Ije ohtiiined liei-e we sjiail ni(i\c to some other ((uarter. Pray send nie, by Rel)ecr;i. two moi-e heils and lieildinL^ siniiLn- to those I brought with me. I wi-Jle yon this by a poor, dim liog"s lai-d lani]i, wiiicli, shining askance on my jiaper. will hai'diy jDennil me to say how failld'nlly I am your ailed ionale husiiand." Bisliop Chase spent the ibllowiiig Tall and winter in the Eastern States, soliciting Curther assistance toward the completion of the work begun Ijy him, issuing there a "Plea on Behalf oi' Religion and Learning in Ohio," from which season of effort about $ IS,000 were realized. In June, bS27, the corner stone of Kenyon College was laid, and the neighborhood grew Inisy with the various workmen. In August of that year the Bishop wrote to his wife as follows: " The great work progresses slowly but surely. The basement story is now completed. The tall scatlbld-poles now rear their heads all around the building. The joist timbers are now taking their places, and the frames of the partition walls below are putting together. The masons are pressing the carpenters, the carpenters the teamsters, and the teamsters the hewers. Tlie whip-sawyers are not able to keep uj) with the demand in their line. The iilacksmiths, two in numlier, are driven very hard to keep sharp the hammers and picks, repair the chains, mend wagons, and make new irons for them, nml shoes for twenty-eight cattle in the teams. Our log house, additional lo that you saw, will receive its roof to-morrow, and, in the beginning of the week, I trust, will be occupied as a dining-room The stone gothic building, for a Professor's house, must soon be ])lastei-eil. I at) to .Mount \'(>rnon to-morrow for a thousand things, and will put this in the post-ollice for you. We have now nearly sixty hands, all busy and failldully at work; an account of each is taken every night." During all this week-ut, if 1 am rightly infornicd, IJishoj) Chase was l)elt('r liltcMl to build tlian to govern. No man could have dune the task work he had acconiplisiicd without something more than scllish devotion. There may have been a ground work of personal audiition undernealli his purpose, but it must still have bi'cu a noble one, and breathed (he true air ol religi(ui. iSoon after tiie removal of the (_' Fai-uJIy thought tliemselves justified in his ex])ulsion or summary dismissal from tlie Institution. The question then came up in the society, "Did he leave College with a good moral character?" Knowing, as most did, the corruption and corrupting iulluence of the young man, it did not seem difficult to decide tlie question. But factious students will always have partisans, and then under the question 212 KENYON COLLEGE. it was thought lay certain great principles, involving "the liberty of the press.' ^' and the "independence of the society!" the little imperium in imperio^ the prolific source of anarchy in all Colleges. The society met, appointed a committee of six — three to impeach and three to defend the accused, — and resolved itself into a court or committee of the whole to try the case. The struggle was fierce, and, as intimated above, not brief. But there was no stenographic reporter present, and I omit further notice of tlie trial, merely adding the accused visited the room of one of his impeachers the next day with a rawhide and a dirk, and subsequently left the county a convicted transgressor of the laws of the land. THE PROPOSED HALL The society had no exclusive control of the old dining hall; lor it was used by the Grammar School, by prayer meetings, and for various other pur- poses. Besides, though the society met with closed doors, workmen slept in the attic, and there was constant danger of precious secrets becoming the property of the public. Why should men who could help themselves longer endure such incon- veniences? Some were skilled in the use of the plane and the saw, and all could handle the axe. So they resolved to build, to build a hall. I do not remember what were to have been its dimensions, but it was to have been no disgrace to the Hill. Bishop Chase promised them all the trees they wanted, and that the College saw-mill should saw and the College teams haul all the lumber they should need. On a day appointed for beginning the work, every man, armed with an axe, went to the forest not far oil'. It stood near the residence of the late A. G. Scott, and on the ground now occupied by Dr. Blake's orchard. Soon many a lofty oak had measured its length on the ground. Think of a student nowadays waJking, with deadly intent, up to a majestic white onk two or three feet in diameter! Would it not laugh at his puny arm? Not so in those early times; ibr before night there lay scattered about dozens of logs ready for the mill. And there they continued to lie ibr a long time, and until they were required for other uses than those for which they had first been prepared. What killed the enterprise? It was a conflict of authority. The Phi Phi Alpha Society had, a short time before, been organized in the Grammar School, as a sort of stepping stone to the Philomathesian. It embraced nearly all of the pene Freshman Class. As soon as the Philos moved to build, the secret was out, and the young society applied to the Bishop for permission to take part in the work and to become joint occupants of the hall. The Bishop's son, Dudley, was a member of the new society, and KENYON COLLEGE. 213 the Bishop readily gave his consent. But that consent was fatal. The Philos li;ta\\s From Koeovils of :ui Active LilV, by Rev. Henum Dyor, t>. 1).] ^Irs. Chase had among other onerous duties the care of furnishing all the rooms for students as they ari-ived. My new room had nothing butibare walls, not an article of liedding, or any I'nrniture ol' any kind. I let't word for Mrs. Chase that I had taken possession of my room, and she promised to send some bedding tliat evening, but added that she had no cot or bedstead. Nothing daunted liy this, 1 set to work and made two saw rests, or, as they were more commenl\- called, saw iiorses. On these 1 put a green oak slab, fresh from the saw null, and then waited for my bedding. When evening came, I found niyseir witliout any hnnp or candle. Fortunately, tliere was a moon, so I was not quite in total darkness. I sat down on my slab bedstead and took a good think over the past, about mother, father, and other members of the family. There was ti\e least bit of sadness in my reverie, but it didn't do me any harm. S(nnetime atfer nine o'clock a little bundle of bedding came, and l\v the light ol' tlu" moon 1 set to work to make up my bed. But my parcel cen- tained notliing btit a sheet — and such a sheet! 1 tried to spread it out on tiie slab, Init it wouldn't spread at all. I changed it from end to end: this did no good. 1 indled at it. turned it over, and fussed for half an liour or so, wonder- ing why they had sewed two sheets together. All was ot' no use, and so 1 concluded to wait till morning, particularly as tlie moon had gone down and 1 was in total darkness. As it was warm weather, there was no danger of freezing. I extemporized a pillow out of a stick of wood, and folding my coat, laid it on the stick, and then with the rest of my clothing on I laid myself down on t'le plank to get what rest I could find. Somehow I didn't tind " nature's sweet restorer" very sweet that night. xU'ter a little while rhe side I was lying on began to ache ; I turned over, and soon the other side ached; and then on mv back, and this ached worse than KEN YON COLLEGE. 215 l)i)tl] -iilfs piif together. Helorc long, I became a kind of \wy\H^t\\;i\ motion, nilliiiii hack anfl forth at i-cgiiiar hut very short intervals. One thing made me veiy thaiilr. Sparrott) William Sparrow was born March 12, 1801, at Oharlestown, Mass. His father was an Irish gentleman, who had taken part in the rebellion of 1798, and fled as a refugee to this country. He returned to Ireland in 1805, and there gave his son the best educational advantages. In 1817, the family again removed to America, and settled at Utica, N. Y. William Sparrow was for a •time a student of Columbia College; but, upon the death of his mother, he rejoined the family who meanwhile had removed to Ohio. In 1822, Mr. Spar- row taught at Worthington; in 1823, in Miami University at Oxford; in 1825, he rejoined Bishop Chase at Worthington. From that time onward, for fifteen years, his strength was given to Kenyon College. He was ordained Deacon June 7, 1826, and Presbyter four days afterwards. In 1841, he became Pro- fessor in the Theological Seminary near Alexandria, Virginia, where he died January, 17, 1874. After leaving Gambler, Dr. Sparrow was thrice recalled, but in vain, notwithstanding his great love for everything connected with the place. '' I left Gambler," he afterwards wrote, "because I thought I must. From the earthquake of feeling in my heart (I know not what else to call it) which my removal occasioned, I never expect to recover. As long as I live, there will be deep and ruinous traces of the convulsion in my nature." Dr. Sparrow's commanding greatness has been attested by some of the foremost men, both of the Church and the Nation. And he was as good as he was great. "All his influence," says Phillips Brooks, sjieaking of Alexandria days, "led us to a rational theology, and his daily spirit taught us that such a theology was beautifully consistent with a deep and tender piety." He did a great and blessed work both at Alexandria and Gambler. Ken YON COLLEGE. 231 d]c (lollcac ^Sife of l7cnnj IPintcr Davis Among the sons of Kenyon who liave been useful and highly honored, no one has achieved greater distinction than Henry Winter Davis. As an orator in the Halls of (Congress during the dark and trying days of the Civil War, he was. unrivalled. He passed away whilst his brilliant gifts were yet shining with meridian splendor, in the forty-ninth xear of his age. He died a private citizen, and yet was honored by the Nation as few Americans have been hon- ored. Resolutions were adopted by those who had been associated with him in National legislation, and a day was set apart (February 22, ISfili) to com- memorate liis virtues in the presence of Senators, members of CJongress, the judges of the Supreme Court, and the Cabinet ol' the President of the United States. An oration was delivered by the Hon. John A. J. Cres\tell. Of the college days of the peerless orator, he spoke as follows : "He went to Kenyon College in Ohio in 1833. Kenyon was then in the iirst year of the presidency of Bishop McHvaine. It was the center of vast forests, broken only by occasional clearings, excepting along the lines of the National road, and tiie Ohio River and i(s navigable tributaries. In this wilderness of nature, but garden of letters, he remained, at first in the Gram- mar School and then in the College, until the 6th of September, 1837; when, at twenty years of age. he took his degree and diploma, decorated with one of the honorary orations of his class, on the great day of commencement. His subject was, 'Scholastic Philosophy.'' "At the end of the Freshman year, a change in the college terms gave him a vacation of three months. Instead of spending it in idleness, as he might Jiave dcmc, and as most boys would have done, he availed himself of this interval to pursue and complete the Sophomore year, to which he had already given some attention in his spare moments. At the opening of the next sessiiui, lie passed tlie examination for the Junior class. Fortunatelv, I June his dwn testimony and opinion as to this exploit, and I give them in his own language : •"It was a pretty sharp trial of resolution and dogged diligence, but it saved me a year of college, and indurated my powers of study and mental culture into a habit, and perhaps enabled me to stay long enough to graduate. 1 do not recommend the example tf) those who are independently situated, jbr 232 KENYON COLLEGE. learning nuist fall like the rain in such gentle showers as to sink in if it is to be fruitful; when poured on the richest soil in torrents, it not only runs oft' M'ithout strengthening vegetation, but washes away the soil itself.'- "His college life was laborious and successful. The regular studies were prosecuted with diligence, and from them he derived great profit, not merely in knowledge, but what is of vastly more account, the habit and power of mental labor. These studies were wrought into his mind and made part of the intellect Lial substance by the vigorous collisions of the societies in which he delighted. For these mimic conflicts he prepared assiduously, not in writing, but always with a carefully deduced logical analysis and arrangement of the thoughts to be developed in "the order of argument, with a brief note of any quotation, or image, or illustration, on the margin at the appropriate place. From that brief he spoke. And this was his only method of preparation for all the great conflicts in which lie took part in aftei- life. He never wrote out his speeches beforehand. '•Speaking of his feelings at the end of his college life, he sadly said : "'My father's death had embittered the last days of the year 1836, and leit me without. a counsellor. I knew something of books, nothing of men, and I went forth like Adam among the wild beasts of the unknown wilder- ness of the world. My father had dedicated me to the ministry, but the day had gone when sucli dedications determined the lives of young men. Theol- ogy, as a grave topic of historic and metaphysical investigation, I delighted to pursue; but for the ministry I had no calling. I would have been idle if I could, for I had no ambition; but I had no Ibrtune, and I could not beg or starve.' ''All who were acquainted with his temperament can well imagine what a gloomy prospect the future presented to him, when its contemplation wrung from his stoical taciturnity that touching confession. "The truth is, that from the time he entered college he was continually cramped for want of money. The negroes ate everything that was produced on the farm i"h Anne Arundel, a gastronomic feat which they could easily accomplish, without ever having cause to comj)lain of a surfeit. His aunt, herself in limited circumstances, by a careful husbandry of her means, man- aged to keep him at college. Kenyon was then a manual-labor institution, and the boys were required to sweep their own rooms, make their own beds and fires, bring their own water, black their own boots, if they ever were blacked, and take an occasional turn at grubbing in tlie fields or working on the roads. There was no royal road to learning knowji at Kenyon in those days. Through all this Henry Winter Davis passed, bearing his part man- fully ; and knowing how heavily he taxed the slender purse of iiis aunt, he KENYON COLLEGE. 233 denied himself with such rigor that he succeeded, incredible as it may appear, in bringing his total expenses, including boarding and tuition, witliin the sum of eighty dollars per annum. " His father left an estate consisting only of some slaves, which were equally apportioned between himself and sister. Frequent applications were made to purchase his slaves, but he never could be induced to sell them, although the proceeds would have enabled him to pursue his studies with ease and comfort. He rather sought and obtained a tutorship, and for two years he devoted to law and letters only the time he could rescue from its drudgery. In a letter, written in April, 1839, replying to the request of a relative wlio ollered to purchase his slave Sallie, subject to his father's will, which manu- mitted her if she would go to Liberia, he said: 'But il' she is under my control' (he did not know that she had been set to his share), ' I will mit ron- sent to tlic K((l(\ Ihdugh Ik- wishes to purchase her subject lo llie will.' ^\ii(l so Sallie was not sold, and Henry Winter Davis, the tutor, toiled on and waited. He never would hold any of his slaves under his authority, never would accept a cent of their wages, and tendered each and all of them a deed of absolute manumission whenever the law would allow. Tell me, was that man sincere in his opposition to slavery? How many of those who have since charged him with being selfish and reckless in his advocacy of emancipation would have shown equal devotion to principle? Not one; not one. Ah I the man who works and sutlers for his opinions' sake places his own llesh and blood in pledge for his integrity." Under date of August 20, 1890, a college friend writes of Mr. Davis : " I remember him at this distance as a splendid specimen of youthful humanity. He was a man of fine physique — tall, straight, well proportioned, of dignified carriage, with handsome features, and an intellectual head. He had a vigor- ous intellect, was an energetic and popular speaker, and was reckoned among the very best, if not the best, debater on the Hill. He was at that time a young man of great jjromise, and his subsequent success may be said to have been foreshadowed l)y his brilliant career as a student." Under date of September 3, 1890, the Rev. C^harles Edward Douglass writes from Brighton, England: "Am I, indeed, the only living graduate of the class of 1K37 of Kenyon College! There was, as you say, Henry Winter Davis. I remember with M'hat dexterity and swiftness he used to make his axe fiy about when he took his turn at the wood jiil'e. For he was distin- guished not less in this way than in intellectual acquirements, in his chess- playing, and in tiiat oratory which raised him to eminence, and whose keen edge I have myself felt in college disputations. How pleased I was to see his clean cut and massive face represented lately in "The Century," as an illus- tration of the life of Lincoln. And he is gone! Some of our number were 234 KENYON COLLEGE. the victims of deplorable accidents. There was the gentle and gifted Gassa- way, our Greek Orator, and our Laureate, so cruelly snatched away from his Christian work and many friends by a boiler explosion on the Mississippi." The Rev. Stephen Gritfith Gassaway, thus referred to, was not only the classmate, but the familiar friend and room-mate of Henry Winter Davis. They were kindred spirits — intelligent, able, cultured, bi-ave. How comfort- ing the thought that in the larger and fuller life of the "better country," whither they have gone, there is " no more death," and that the work of bless- ing and helping others can be done there eternally. Some (Bambier KecoIIcctions by "Rev. (Bco. B. Sturgcs New Albany, Ind., September 17, 1890. Jiev. Wm. B. Bodine., D. D.^ Gamhier, Ohio: My Dear Doctor — Your letter of first inst., forwarded from Fernandina, Florida, was received on the 8tli and I have since been waiting for strength to reply, and trying to recall to mind something of Gambler, the College, and the Divinity School, as they were from fitty to sixty years ago. But my life since has been mostly that of a missionary, and the scenes and circumstances through which I have passed have been so varied and trying — often so sad, and always so absorbing, as almost to obliterate from my memory incidents and associates of my years of preparation for my life work. Besides, I am eighty years old — an age at which memory fails in most of those who live so long — even as the eye dims, and the ear becomes dull of hearing, and the hand palsies. In all these respects I am not at all singular. I theretbre beg that you will not expect too much of me. But I am glad that you are going to publish " a Kenyon book," for I think that readers will then be able to see Kenyon as it was, and appreciate it as it is. And I feel honored in being called upon to contribute a mite of matter to aid you in j'our good work. Gladly will I give you what I can recollect; and 1 will be grati- .lied if you can use any of it. When I arrived at " The Hill," in the year 1&82, 1 Ibund Gambier literally " a hamlet in the wilderness," a few houses in the midst of a domain of large forest trees. There was the main, or center, section of the College — the wings were built two years later. There were seven professors' houses ; one of stone, three of brick, and the others of wood, and a small wooden cottage, occupied by the Bishop (McHvaine). .Besides these, there were four wooden buildings at the corners, near the old well ; two of which were occupied by Grammar KENYON COLLEGE. 235 School students, one used as a boardinj; liouse, and tlie other one was tlie liotel. Also several small dwellings east of the well, some of them built of rough logs, one of which was the first Gambler home of Bishop Chase. The college barn, where the students were permitted to get straw i'or their beds, was a large frame structure, standing, perhaps, forty rods east of the well. A little southeast of the site now' covered by the Church of the Holy Spirit, stood the "Old Tith," so called because'of its peculiar structure. It was unique in its external appearance, and in its internal arrangement, as well as in tiie variety of its utility. It was the Junior Grammar School, and boarding house, with dormitory, school room, etc.; also the College Chapel and Parish Church; liie only place for public worship on the Hill. There Heman Dyer, who was Principal of the Junior Grammar School, taught and boarded all his boys. There we attended college prayers daily, morning and evening; and here, too, we read our essays and received our elocutionary training. Here the Bishop gave his Thursday evening lectures, and the Sunday services and preaching were all here. It was a wonderfully useful and necessary building in its time. But soon, I cannot give dates, Rosse Chapel was built, and then Milnor Hall, and the " Old 74 " was vacated. It was aiterward occupied, ibr a brief period, l)y the college farmer, who, after receiving instructions of its unsafety from some unnameable boys, removed, and one still, dark night, shortly after, liie Old 74 mysteriously took tire — and, as it was old and dry, it burned all up. It was very unsightly, and being no longer needed for college and church pur- poses, had come to be regarded as a sort of nuisance, and nobody mourned its destruction. During my Divinity course, from 1S;!(! lo lS3!t, our Proiessors were liishoj) Mcllvaine. Dr. Sparrow, Dr. Wing, Dr. .Muenscher, and, in the last year. Dr. Colton. The Seminary had no local habitation, and the students had to room wherever they could get quarters, and we recited wherever our Professors appointed — sometimes in the Professor's study, and sometimes in a vacant room in one of the houses in which several of us roomed. In these regards we were at some disadvantage, and sull'ered some lack of comfoi't, and some irregularity. But we had able and kind instructors, and were content. I doubt whether there has since been a set of students passed through the Divinity course there with so much harmony and true brotherly esteem and contideiice among themselves, and towards their proiessors. as those of my time. With the dear old Bishop in Polity, and Dr. Sparrow in Divinity, and Dr. Muenscher in Hebrew and Exegesis, and good Dr. Wing in Church History, we felt that we were highly favored, though sullering privations of which the Divinity students of Gambier since the erection and furnishing of Bexley Hall have known nothing. 236 KENYON COLLEGE. Students' expenses were comparatively small in those early days. Board was the principal item of expense, and that, per week, ranged at from fifty cents, in '' Commons," to one dollar at private houses, and only one dollar and a half at the hotel. But at " College Commons " the provision was so indiff- erent in quality, and so scant in quantity, that the students rebelled; and Capt. Whitney had to throw up his contract, and " Commons" became a thing of the past. College bills were very low, and Professors' salaries correspondingly low. Everything was on the cheap scale. But the educational standard was con- sidered high, and Professors and students lived economically and worked hard. I am, my dear Doctor, yours in the best of bonds, GEO. B. STDRGES. CLt]e Days of prcsibcnt Douglass anb professor Koss From the Kenyon Advance, January, 1880 ] Reminiscences, like wine, grow rich and mellow Avith age. Recollections of long ago are enriched by the toning down of time, as the gray old cathedrals, when vine clad or moss covered, losing their roughness are more picturesque and grand. But as all stories flavor of the teller's fervor, they must be received with kindly allowances, or the narrator will grow timid. I am a '46 man; carried olie of the honors of my class on my going to Milnor Hall in 1839, and was cotemporaneous with the last term of the Dr. Sparrow dynasty, and with the installation of President Major Douglass, and of Lieutenant Ross as Professor of Mathematics. The latter was my College patron — in fact, I was a member of his family, of which I have the most charming remembrances. By the recital of army associations and habits, the table hour was made a period of unalloyed happiness. At that time the utmost freedom was encouraged in conversation, and the dainty dishes his good wife knew of caused many a iellow outside to ibrget that commandment referring to covetousness. It is of the old Professor I would speak. His tall, grenadier Ibrm, wrapped in blue cloak with scarlet lining, was a sight for a picture; and as he measured his steps, "just thirty-three inches, sir," and gave a military salute, with a cheery "good morning" to every passer-by, not a man but- that ielt prouder for the meeting. He lived in the first house immediately to the right of the College, more recentlv Prof. Trimble's. KEN YON COLLEGE. 237 The "Czar," President Doiijilass, ofcupied the one now the liome of Professor Tappan. The grounds thereabouts had not reached the dignity of the "campus." The beautiful lines of Ascension Hall had not added to its. attractions. "The Church of the Holy Spirit" was undreamt of. services being conducted at Rosse Chapel. Immediately opposite this latter building was a monstrous i'rame structure about 150 feet wide, three stories high — liearing the eccentric name of "The Old 74," from its resemblance to the liouses built over men of war for protection. Tiiese two were the only public liuildings in the "grove." A dirt path ran at pleasure about midway between the President's and Professor's houses, and thence, as worn by the sluggard, straight to the door of the prayer room in the basement of Rosse C'hapel, and again zigzag under tiie row of maples to the village. To President Douglass is creility and opportunity, his share and part in the work ol' the world; not, perhaps, with the hounding enthusiasm with which he set out upon tiie journey, does he make his daily stage, yet, I trust, still cheerily, steadily, and liravely trudging onward, with hardened muscle and unflagging resolution, hearing l)urdeiis of years, of care, of responsibility, perhaps of griefs and disappointments, upon backs a little bent, but with faces turned upward to the nearer skies. There is, perhaps, not one of these lives — it is true, possibly, of all human lives — that would not yield to the skill of literary art enough of light and shade and various human experience to furnish material for a romance; some of them have, no doubt, been acted epics, with examples of disinterested sacrifice, uncomplaining endurance, and lofty hero- ism, tit lor a ]ioefs theme. Two have labored as Christian missionaries in far otf China, where one still abides to teach the supercilious wisdom of that ancient civilization where and how to find that knowledge which is the light and life of the world. Another, a born Greek, with the inherited keenness and vivacity of his race, is administrator of one of the great educational charities of our metropolitan City of New York. Some iiave laid aside- their burdens and found their rest; and others wait Init tf) hand their names and places to those who, in the order of nature, are to succeed to them. It is the familiar story of ten thousand lives, which can never grow stale or common, but to every human soul has the ever present and treinendous significance of its own destiny. After the lapse of these years, what a sober pleasure it is to revisit "these scenes and to revive their associations! For myself, I can truly say that some of my most delightful recollections are those of my college life; some of the most fruitfid and valuable instruction and discipline of my life spring from its experiences; some of the most permanent and valued friendships I have ever formed began here in college days. Such, I doubt not, would be the testimony of others, if not of most. 1 regard the training and associations of a well governed college as conducive to the best development of all the high quali- ties that constitute true manliness; and a manhood thus formed not only will not lie apt to forget the experiences and associations of its boyhood and youth. 240 KENYON COLLEGE. but will to the last retain their flavor and freshness. And hapi^y is the man that is able to remember with satisfaction and enjoyment, in the midst of present cares and troubles, the days and pleasures of his spring time ! But what changes have taken place in the lapse of these forty years! Within that period, the railroad system of the country has sprung into existence. I rode from Cincinnati to Gambier and back, at the beginning and close of the college terms, in the stage coach of the day, consuming two days and nearly two' nights at each trip; and on the 4th of July, 1847 — seven years after graduation, — I was present at the Eiver and Harbor Convention at Chi- cago, where I heard Edward Bates, then a lawyer of distinction of the St. Louis Bar, afterward Attorney-General under Mr. Lincoln, declare in a public speech, which brought him great reputation, that he had not then ever seen a railroad ! He could not, and did not, see one at Chicago then. Now a con- tinuous rail crosses the continent, and connects the Atlantic with the Pacitic Ocean. Add to the railroad the ocean.steamship, the electric telegraph, and the improved machinery in every department of productive industry, and we can understand how the English speaking race has overrun the American con- tinent, colonized the immense islands of the southern seas, reclaimed South Africa, revives the youth and fertility of Egypt, gives new life to the dead civilization of Asia, has brought Japan within the circle of international law, and penetrates the barriers of Chinese obstinacy. Ct]c (SontroDcrsies of (859-^0 Concerning these controversies, Bishop Mcllvaine wrote, in a letter to his mother October S, 1839. (see Memorials by Canon Carus, p. 123): "I caused certain matters at the College which have given me trouble for three years, somewhat of the kind that drove Bishop Chase away {jealous Professors)^ to be» brought' before the Convention, and had them well settled by the Diocese, who had no idea of letting two or three men disturb the peace of their Bishop. This will sufficiently explain an account of the Convention by an Ohio Churchman in the last Ohserver. E has wanted me to bring it to a crisis long ago, tor she is not quite so confiding in men's professions as I am, and a little more wise, perhaps, in being sometimes more belligerent. My too strong aversion to hurt feelings and break peace, sometimes too much restrains my no fear' disposition when convinced that the time to war has come. I praise myself in this, perhaps, too much, but it is to my dear mother, so never mind. I become a bov when I write to you.'' KENYON COLLEGE. 241 Concerning the same controversies, President Douglass afterwards wrote (see Further Statenient. pp. (!»), (u): "I supjtose it will not be denied — it was a lact very notorious at tiie lime — liial lur some years prior to 1839-40, tliere had lieen a division of seiilimcul, a parly feeling, gradually growing ui> on tiie hill at (iamhier and in llu' Diocese of Ohio, against Hishop Mcllvaine; thai tiiis o])])osilion railie(l nmier Ihe n;iine of Dr. Sparrow (embracing pretty nearly Ihe same elements llial liao;inl ) and the discretionary functions of tiie Prudential Cominitfee, were a ])art of this controversy. And in the Convention of the same year (1S3!I) at Steulienville, the whole malter was l)rought to a ilirect issue l)y the ISisliop himself. (He had no alternative, as he distinctly informed me, hut to \n\\ down that opposi- tion, or quit the Diocese.) "The points specifically presented for debate were certain amendments in the Constitution of the Theological Seminary. First, to exclude all officers of the Seminary or any institution anne.xed thereto (virtually Dr. Sparrow and his friends) from seats in the Board of Trustees. Secondly, to vest the power of the Prudential Committee permanently in the Bishoj), putting an end to all antagonism from that quarter. And, finally, to annex, pro fot'nui^ a College (which had already been annexed, endowed, and in full operation for thirteen years) with a separate Facuilty and President to be nominated by the I-)isho]) (another exclusion to Dr. Sparrow). The Convention was a small one, but a favorable report having been olilained Irnin a Commilti'e of Kefer- ence, the measures were eventually carrienlioii of 1S4(). The steps which were taken to insure a ]u-eponderance in that Conven- tion it is not necessary now to particularize. The Bishop was still doulilful of the result when he visited New York and Brooklyn in the sumnier of that year, and spoke determinately to me and others of his intention to resign in case he should be out-voted. He was not out-voted, however; the question was settled in his lavor, and the results wei-e decisive, to wit : .\ " new Board and a right Board" of Trustees, an entire \w\\ Faculty in the (College, a President, /(()/ Dr. Span-ow. the resignation of the latter, and others of llu- Professors and officers; changes in the headship of botli tirainmar Schools, a, change in the agency, and generally the ilis]ilacement by sonie means of every ollicer who had been at all prominent in the late opposition e.\c(q)l Mr. Wing." As to these troublous days Dr. Dyer writes: •■Somelime liefore leaving Ohio it had l)ecome evident that troubles were growing up somewhat similar 242 KENYON COLLEGE. to those which had occiuTed in Bishop Chase's day. There was a coiiHict between the Bishop and the College authorities. I Ibresaw what would take place and left. I had had enough of such things. The year after I leit Gambier these troubles culminated, and the result was an almost entire change in the management of the institution. Some of the Proi'essors were removed, and some resigned. Among llie latter was Dr. Sparrow. He was invited to the A^irginia Seminary and went. For some reason the change did not work well. Disaffection sprang up, students fell off,'and contidence was fast waning. One day 1 was surprised to receive a letter from Bishop Mcllvaine, in which he said he wished to see me, and if convenient to my family he woxild be glad to spend a few days with me. I responded at once, by giving him a cordial invitation to come. He came. AVe talked, and in our talks the object of the visit was made to appear. No matter what the Bishop said or how he said it. He earnestly desired to secure the return of Dr. Sparrow to Gambier. He bore himself through all our talks like tiie noble man he was. Mistakes had been made; he took his full share of respon- sibility. And now he was anxious and ready to do all he could to bi'ing back Dr. Sparrow, and thus repair, as far as practicable, the injury which had been done to the Institution. I entered fully into the Bishop's idea, and measures were taken to bring al)out the desired result. While they were not successful, I can say, in full knowledge of the facts, tliat nothing could have been more complimentaiy to Dr. Sparrow. No testimony to his matchless worth as an instructor, or the devotion to him as a man, could have been stronger than was borne by the clergy and people of Ohio. And I may add, nothing could have been more Christian, more self-sacrificing, and more noble, than was the bear- ing and conduct of Bishop Mcllvaine through it all. I say this much in justice to all the parties concerned. I might say much more, but the mantle of silence, like that of charity, covers a multitude of things which may as well be unknown.'' Under date of June 1, 1890, Dr. Dyei- writes again: "On leaving Pitts- burgh for Philadelphia, I ibund my furniture," books, letters, and papers, so saturated and begrimmed by coal-smoke and dust that I disposed of the furni- ture for a poor song, gave away the books, and made quite a blaze with the letters and papers. The consequence is, I have nothing with which to refresh ray memory as to many things which took, place more than forty years ago. But some things I do know. I was in Gambier during all the trouble between Bishop Chase and the Faculty of the Institution, between the Bishop and the Trustees, and between the Bishop and the Convention. I know that the cause of the troubles originated in the divided powers and responsibilities of the governing authorities at Gambier. The Bishop claimed supreme authority as Bishop, for, by virtue of his Episcopal office, he was President. The Faculty KENYON COLLEGE. 248 protested. The Trustees and the Convention tried to harmonize matters l)y a system of l)y laws. In due time, the culmination came with a vengeance. "Bishop Mcllvaine succeeded Bishop Chase, and another experience of a similar character followed in ten or twelve years — in some respects worse and more far reaching than the former. In 1840, I left (iambier and went to Pitts- l)urgh. Not long after, great changes took place in the Institutions. But things didn't work smoothly or well. I thiuk it was in 1843 — perhaps '44 — I received a letter from Bishop Mcllvaine in which he said he wished to talk over some matters with me, and, if convenient to me and my family, he would like to spend a day or two at my house. Soon ai'ter he came. The whole o))ject of his visit was to talk about the sad condition of the Institutions at Gambier. lie spoke freely of his many and great disappointments, of the mistakes which had l)een made, and his desire to correct them as far as possi- ble. He was particularly anxious to have" Dr. Sparrow return to the Institu- tions, and in that connection he said he would retire from Gambier, and that the Doctor should be in full charge with full authority as to the administration of the Institutions. He asked me to write Dr. Sparrow, and see him, if possi- ble, and urge him to return. I both wrote and saw him. While he was greatly pleased, he thought he could not honorably leave Virginia after what Bishop Meade and others had done for him and his family. Bishop Mcllvaine wrote him in the kindest terms, but without avail, except that they became the warmest of friends, aTid continued such to the end. A good deal was said by the Bishop while at my house which I cannot and ought not to write. "These two experiences in the cases of Bishop Chase and Bislioj) Mcll- vaine ought to satisfy all parties in Ohio, and outside, that a divided authority, ])articularly in the management of institutions of learning, is a very uncertain and unsafe affair."' I>is\mssa{ of pre5i6cnt I^ouglass. Into the painful controversy connected with this action, it is not worth while to enter. The whole story is told in three pamphlets, aggregating 156 closely printed pages. Much of the controversy is personal as between Presi- dent Douglass and Bishop Mcllvaiue. But President Douglass claimed that higiier questions were involved, to wit : "The essential nature of the endow- ment at Gambier; the due and proper conservation of that endowment as a means of liberal education and as a property of thi- C/iurrli without endanger- ing hoth by the union of unlimited fotijuiral jxiHwr with that which is, in its 244: KENYON COLLEGE. nature, jure clivino; these and, to some extent, the constitution and adminis- tration of educational trusts generally." The Rev. Dr. Smallwood touches the underlining difficulty when he states that, when he left home to meet the Board of Trustees, " he felt a serious apprehension of a decided and painful collision between President Douglass and the Board, and that this apprehension was not derived from any commu- nication with Bishop Mcllvaine or persons drawing their information in any way from him but was founded on the evidences which had fallen under his notice, at the Diocesan Conventions of 1842 and 1843, of tlie President's dis- contents and restlessness in regard to his authority, on which subject he per- severingly urged claims that could not be admitted in view of the deliberate decision of the Convention of 1839." President Douglass declares that before he came to Gambler, in Bishop Mcllvaine's communications with him, nothing could exceed the largeness and liberality of the Bishop's assurances; "the powers of the Presidency were to be most full and ample, without any fear of undue interference in the academic administration of the College from the Board or any body else. It was to be really, as in any other case, a Presl- rleiicyy But, after he came to (iJambier, he found that the office he was called to fill was "a Clerkship rather than a Presidency." One interview between these men who had been, for many years, intimate and devoted friends, is thus chronicled : "He (the Bishop) was in a state of excitement when I went in. All his answers wore testy and impatient — the answers- of an angry, unreasonable man, and I changed the course of my remarks once or twice to avoid his angry mood. We were talking of matters perfectly indifferent Avhen he branched off into an invidious parallel between his labors and mine. I still answered nothing except to acknowledge the greatness of his labors, and to express my willingness to aid him if in my power to do so, to which he replied with the insulting sneer, as heretofore stated. When I was about leaving the room, he said, in a loud, authoritative tone. ' 1 want to know, Sir, what it is you are grumbling about. I can fight it out now as well as at anytime.' I disclaimed having anything to fight out., and he proceeded with increased vehemence: ' You want to be independent, I understand; but I'll let you know I am President over every part and parcel of the College, the same as over the Seminary.' Pestered at lengtli out of patience, and greatly surprised at this new assumption of power, I turned upon him and replied: 'I was not appointed. Sir, with any such understand- ing, and I never will recognize you in that character.' I conceded almost everything, however, in the subsequent interview." Other considerations, also, no doubt, influenced the Trustees in their action. Dr. Smallwood says that "from personal acquaintance and from facts gathered, from time to time, in different places, but away from Gambler, and KENYON COLLEGE. 245 lioiii sources uninfluenced by Bislidj) Mcllviiine. he had become aware of I'lvsidenl Douglass's unfitness for a successlul aduiinistration of the College, and, tlierefore, was satisfied that, "if lie sliould press his claims, he would only slarl the lurther question whether it was expedient to retain him in the Presi- dency, and that the result of that question wonhl lie his fall.^ Tlie resignation of President Douglass was requested by the Board. He replied in a letter which concluded as follows: '"Conscious, as I am, of entire rectitude in tlie performance of my duties; of sincere and unhesitating devo- tion of iieart and soul to the interests of Kenyon Collepe, which no one can deny has greatly improved under my administration; certain, 1 may add also, of having the love and esteem of a large portion of those under my charge, nearly hali' ol' them being my clients by their own voluntary choice, I cannot consent to give up the high ground on which I feel that I am standing by tlie tender of my resignation. The Board may pass an ostracism upon me — be it sol Willi a firm and reverent reliance upon that Providence which has covered my head in the day of battle, I shall endeavor to meet and bear the blfiw; but I will nevev cease 1o protest against it as an act of jiagrant mieltji, i/ijustice, and oppression." The final action of the Board was as follows: " Whekeas, President Douglass, for reasons specified to hiin, has been requested by this Board to resign his office as President and Professor in Ken- yon College; and, "Whereas, He has declined to do so; tlierefore, '"Besolved, That the connection of D. B. Douglass, LL. D., with Kenyon College, as President and Professor thereof, be and the same is hereby dis- solved."' The following complimentary resolution was also passed: '^ Ji'esoh'ed, That, in the opinion of this Board, President D. B. Douglass, LL. D.. has ever bestowed his best endeavors to promote the interests of the Institution over which he presides; and that, as a Board of Trustees, we enter- tain for him a high regard as a gentleman of integrity and moral worth." President Douglass was a Professor at West Point whilst Bishop Mcllvaine was Ciiaplaiu. The two men became bosom friends. When the Bishop re- moved to Oiiio, he besought Major Douglass to accompany him, and was not content for years until he came. For a while all went well. But this contro- versy came, and with it misunderstanding, estrangement, enmity. In partial explanation thereof. President Douglass quoted the following lines: "I will be hanged if some eternal villian, Some busy and insinuating rogue, Some cogging, cozening slave, to get some office, Have not devised tbis slander " 2-1:6 KENYON COLLEGE. part of PalcNctory ©ration of Kutl^crforb 3. f?ayes In the "Further Statement'' of President Douglass, an extract is given frona the valedictory oration of 1842, which was delivered by one of Kenyon's now lamous sons. He said : "President Douglass, our relations with you have been so peculiar and interesting that we cannot depart without some faint expression of our thank- lulness for the friendly manner in which you have uniformly treated us, and a public avowal of our high esteem for your character, and attachment to your person. During the eighteen months that you have presided over the desti- nies of this Institution, we have daily met you on terms of i'amiliarity and confidence not often accorded to the pupil by his instructor. We are sensible that it has been your earnest desire to render our intercourse with you not merely instructive, but pleasant and improving. We have not been cold observers of your constant attention to our convenience and comfort, nor uninterested spectators of your exertions to add to our means of enjoyment by improving the natural advantages and beauties for which this place is dis- tinguished. " But I need not enumerate the labors nor speak of tiiose traits of charac- ter which have won our affectionate regard. It is enough to say that we have never donbted the goodness of your intentions, but iiave at all times been con- fident that your aim was our welfare. Witli this estimate of your worth, we now leave the scene of your instructions; and wiierever our lots shall l)e cast, there you may look for those who are ready and willing to do all tiiat in them lies to defend your reputation and secure your happiness. P^arewell !'' The question is often asked. Who made Greenwood Cemetery. It was Major David Bates Douglass, of Pompton, N. J., a graduate of Yale College and of West Point, and a fine engineer. He married the daughter of Major Andrew Ellicott, who surveyed the boundaries of nearly all the old States. He also constructed the inclined planes on the Morris Canal, one of Avhich was more than one thousand feet long and of seventy feet height. He was one of the authors of the Croton Aqueduct, and lie began to lay out Green- wood Cemetery in 1837, having obseiwed its beauty and availability while surveying the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad several years before. There had been 4-eceived in this cemetery by sale of these lots more than 15,000,000 about ten years ago. Major Douglass's body lies in the necropolis near the cemetery gate. He died at Geneva, N. Y., and for three years he was the President of Kenyon, College, Ohio. — A^ew York Tribune, January, 1883. KKNYON (JOLLKGE. '241 profibcnt l^ronson's ct5inini5tration HY IKiN, M. M. (lliAN(;i':K, LL. I)., 'nO. I i'iil('rc(l l\cnyi)ii as a l''r<'sliiiiaii ( Jclnhcr and space will only perniil an oulline skelidi of llie then adniinist i-at ion. The ('(dlejie l'"acnll\ consisted ot Rev. Siierlock Anson Hronson, I). 1)., President; Ale.x- ander Forbes Dobii, I.alin and (ireek; Kdward C. lios.s, Mathemalics; Homer L. 'I'lirall. M. D., Chemistry, etc. The (Jrammar School was divided into Senior and .Iniiior Departments. Students in the former roomed in the east wing of the C'ollege. Those of them taking what was called "the irregular college course,"' recited with college classes. Benjamin Locke Lang was Prin- ci]ial of this school, while Rev. Norman Badger conducted the Junior Gram- mar Scdiool at Milner Hall. There was one tutor in the (College. Two College, or Seminary, students acted as "Assistants" to Mr. Badger. The Rev. Drs. Thomas M. Smith and M. T. ('. Wing, with Bishop McHvaine as President, and Rev. Dr. Hi-onson as Instructor in llclirew, constituted the Theological Faculty in chai'ge of Bexley Hall. Later in my course, Rev. Dr. J. T. Brooke Ijecanic Professor of Rhetoric in Kenyon, tilling at the same lime a chair in Be.xley: and. in 1S4!>, the Rev. ( ieorge Denison succeeded Professor Ross in the ( 'hair of Mathematics. ( )n our way from Mt. Vernon to Gambier, that October forenoon, we met Hislio|i Mcllvaine en route for Cincinnati, he then changing the Episcopal residence from Harcourt Place to (jlifton. So that college year was the first without a Bisho]) of Ohio resident "on the hill." An oulline of a college day in tliat October will help to show how great has been the change in routine since is-l(i. At fii'JO a. .m., the college bell began to ring, and kept al it for ten minutes. Some welLknown strokes '■tolled" when the ringing was half doiu\ The laggai-d student usually wailed for that sigiuil, sprang from his beil, and by rapid work was inside the dooi- to the ••chap(d room " in t lie liascnicnl of t he east wing liefoi-e A. B. firay 24:8 KEN YON COLLEGE. or George E. Tlirall began to call the roll, and so escaped a mark for "absence from prayers." By 7 o'clock "college morning prayer" (usually read by Dr. Bronson) was over, and the students were at tiie hotel or boarding houses ready ibr breaki'ast. Recitation hours began at 8 (dinner intermission 12 to 2), and continued from 2 until 5. From 5 until (> or 6:30 was "supper inter- mission"; then came college evening prayers in the same basement chapel, tbllowed by "study hours" until 9 v. Ji. Between 9 and 10 every room was visited by a tutor, or some other member of the Faculty, and absentees noted. On Sundays, besides the " college prayers," students were required to attend morning and evening prayer (with sermon) in Rosse Chapel (now Rosse Hall), at 10:30 and at 3. To show how a Professor in those days worked, let nie outline one of Rev. Mr. Dobb's weeks, in my Freshman year. Tuesdays and Fiidays, five hours Latin and Greek; I\Iondays and Thursdays, four hours Latin and Greek; "Wednesdays and Saturdays, three hours Latin and Greek. On Saturday evenings, he lectured to a Bible class, which was popular, a large number of students and Hill people attending. He also did much writing as one of the editors oi' The Western J^piscopalian, the Diocesan paper, then published at Gambler. Part of the time he was Rector of the Parish, and preached every Sunday morning. Part of the time he acted as "Missionary in Charge" of St. Matthews, Perry (some thirteen miles from Gambler), in Coshocton County, driving there and back once a month. President Bronson was also a steady worker. Besides his administrative duties (which included the College morning and evening prayers), he acted as "Lorillard and Wolfe Professor" of Philosopliy, etc.; as Professor of Rhetoric when that chair was vacant; as Listructor in Hebrew in Bexley Hall; preached in regular turn at Rosse Chapel; acted as Missionary in charge of the Parish at Utica, in Licking County; and wrote his lull siiare as one of the editors of the Diocesan paper. Moreover, although his salary as President was less than one-third as large as that of the incumbents for the greater part of the time since 1855, he donated each year a material part of it to the Col- lege because 'of its then financial stress. When he entered upon the Presi- dency, Kenyon was " land poor." It owned some four thousand acres of land in and around Gambler, but no professorships were endowed except the "Lorillard and Wolfe" in the College, and the "Milnor" in the Seminary. The lands had been "sold for taxes," the income having been otherwise con- sumed in a very economical administration. President Bronson originated, and energetically and effectively carried out, the policy of selling the greater part of the land, and investing the surplus proceeds in remunerative securi- ties. Under Ohio State laws, college lands were taxable, while college securi- ties were exempt. KENYON t;()LLEGE. 249 I'roCessors Ross and Thrall were noted men, each exceptionally well ([ualified I'or his post. They well deserved the afTection and esteem which the members of their classes were glad to give them. Dr. Brooke, in iiis day, was the leading |)iiii)il oinlor nl our ( liiirdi in ( )hio, and made a very capable Professor of Klietoric. But as he was also Kector of Harcoiirt Parish, one of the editors of the Diocesan paper, and a .Seminary instructor, he was unable to devote as much time with the ( 'ollciic students in English Literature as his succe.s.sors in that chair have done. Professor Denison came so late in my college cour.se that I had no ojipor Innity to compare him with Professor Ross as a teacher of Mathemalirs. Ill those days each student, had the notice and care of each professor, and many warm friendsliips bevveen instructor and pujjil were made. Many of us count our cidlege years on Gambier Hill as very happy ones. The President and I'rofessors were able, efficient, earnest, laborious, and faithful. Professor Dobb resigned in August, llSoO. to accejit the Pcctorate of Trinity (Jhurch, New Orleans, where he died of yellow fever about 1S5;{. President Bronson also resigned about the same time; became Rector at San- dusky; about IStJH became Eleutheros Co.oke Professor in He.xley Hall; in 1S72 accepted the Rectorate of the Parish at Mansfiehl, (Jliio, where he died May 7, A. D. 1890, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. At the time of his decease, and for some years prior thereto, he was one of the permanent mem- bers of the Board of Trustees of the (JoUege (Jorporation, and was unani- mously chosen President pro tempore during Bisiiop Bedell's last absence in Kurope. President Bronson was born in Waterbiiry ('f)iiii., A])ri] 21, A. D. I.S()7. Iiis father removed to Ohio in the same year. He was carried in his mother's arms in the first wagon that crossed the Cuyahoga River. As he grew up, so great was his desire for a classical education that, at the early age of si.xteen, he traveled seventy miles on horseback in a fruitless search for a Latin ilictionary. He was always zealous, unselfish, and thoroughly brave and true. Of the many earnest friends of Kenyon, he was among those entitled to tiie highest regards of Kenyon's sons. DR. BRONSON'S LAST SUGGESTION CONCERNING GAMBIER In his old age. Dr. Bronson wrote ton fellnw Trustee : " We have aJiciiiiy decided that the Seminary and College are together a unit. Let us treat them so. Let every professor in the Seminary l)e a professor in the (College, and /v'ce versa. Let us say to them, 'Fix your own terms of tuition, room rent, incidentals, etc., arrange all duties among yourselves, appoint your own officers, and use all the liuildings to the best advantage you can.' Tlic:i lei us divide all income among rtW the professors. Let those on the spol wlm do llip work gauge the expenses and have the pay, with only just so much interference from Bishops or Trustees as is necessary to secure the interests of the Church, and carry out Ihe will of till' donors." 250 KENYON COLLEGE. profc55or Ho55 Edward Coke Ross, LL. D., was born in Milford, Pike Ooimty, Penn., May 23, 1800. At the age of seventeen he entered the U. S. Military Academy at West Point, from which lie was graduated in 1821. He was immediately appointed Assistant Professor of Mathematics in that institution. From 1833 to 1839 he served with his regiment, the Fourth Artillery, when he resigned his commission. In 1840 he became Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in Kenyon College, which position he filled with distinction for eight years. He died in New York May 16, 18.51. A friend, thoroughly competent to judge, has written concerning him : "All the choicest characteristics of the good teacher were combined in Dr. Ross. His profound and varied knowledge was always at his service, kept in constant exercise and under perfect control. Although his own advance- ment in science had been steady and rapid, and the higher processes 'of mathematics were the engines which he delighted to exercise, a complete master of the modern analysis, and skilled in calling out its hidden powers, as ever necromancer was skilled in the use of his magic wand, all the simpler instruments of investigation were equally at his command. Everything was as fresh as when first learned. Rust never cankered or dimmed the stores he had treasured up. Nothing became obsolete. "In the recitation room he was all animation. The light that shone in his clear mind flashed from his eye, and aroused even the indolent to attention. It was an hour of earnest work to them, but unobscured by moody or leaden dullness. His questions flew thick and fast, and no one could tell what the next would be, or on whose head it would fall. There was no escape from his scrutiny. Each scholar must master the subject, or must give up the whole in despair. And when he had once made a lodgment for the truth, he never suffered it to be lost, for the drill of the most inexorable mai'tinet was never more rigid and unintermitting. " He possessed in the highest degree the gift of reaching the understanding of the young. He did not darken his subject by words without knowledge. He was never in advance of the point evolving, or of the learner's own position. All was so easy, so simijle and natural, that the listener took it in "As we do air, fast as 'twas ministered, " The same clearness he exacted of his pupils. One striking peculiarity of his instruction was the precision and neatness of demonstration which he demanded and was so successful in producing. It was really a matter of KENYON COLLEGE. 251 exquisite taste with him. Not an unnecessary word, not an ambiguous or hiose expression was admissible. The language must be as exact as the science itself. The demonstration, like the trnlli descriljed, should be symmetrical and faultless in its beauty — and must be chiselled and ])olished with artistic perfectness and tinish. "The interest, which Ross kept up in the minds of his pupils, enabled him to secure the industrious preparation of his lessons. It was ;i common saying at West Point that Ross could get Tuore work out of his classes than any other professor. They loved to labor for him. And this was handed down traditionally as a trait in his character as a teacher. He had the same success in this respect everywhere — in the several institutions where he taught — whether he gave instruction to private classes, or had enlisted a group of grown up volunteers. " The portraiture of the teacher seems almost perfect. But there is a grace which I have not yet named which irradiated and heightened all the rest. I allude to his kindness to his pupils. This was the spell which kept his classes iu perfect order. It was a very rare occurrence for him to inflict a penalty or employ the severe tones of authority. A tyrannical disposition (u- a capri- cious temper were never manifested. His scholars felt tiiat to commit disorder in his room was a disgrace to themselves, because it was an otTeuce against a friend, an a<-t of ingratitude towards one of wliose warm, unsellish interest in them, they were every moment conscious. '• His kindness was uot a mere superficial emotion, transient as the silvery lipple which glitters upon the face of the lake or river ujjou a summer's day, l)ut it was the sincere expression of his love for the young. And every generous young heart, throbbed with the electric impulse of liis kindness. This was to him a source of the highest gratiticalion. He has often said with respect to his pujiils : The khid feelings of iiuj xe/iolars tnvmrds me I haee ever found to he the riehest reirai'd for my .serr/reii to them."' CLIk 5alc of tl^e dollcac '»Sa^^s Wlien Major Douglas came to Gambier iu 1840, the finances were in a depressed and most deplorable condition. The money collected by Bishop Mcllvaine at the East, and by Rev. Dr. Sparrow iu Ohio, a few years before, had been partially used in the erection of new buildings, partially in the ])ayuient of old debts. These debts, however, were not entirely obliterated. To meet the deficit, Bishop Mcllvaine, in 1833, had found it necessary to contract a loan of $15,000, which he secured "through the great attention and aifectionate interest of Samuel Ward, I'lsq., of New York." This loan 252 KENYON COLLEGE. however proved a very heavy burden. Without it, or rather without the debt which it represented, the College financially would have prospered. As it was, there was an increasing accumulation of debt, year by year. In 1842 a crisis came. The debt of Prime, Ward & King, then nearly twenty thoiTsand dollars, was pressing I'or payment. To secure this debt the College lands had been mortgaged. So the question naturally arose, •' Shall these lands be sold?'' Neither Bishop Mcllvaine nor the Board of Trustees were willing of themselves to determine this imi»rtant matter. "If," said Bishop M., "a measure of such fundanienlal importance is to be adopted, the main responsibility should be taken by the Convention of the Diocese, assembled with express reference to the. subject, and having its delegates chosen with the express purpose of acting thereon." So in December, 1842, a special Convention of the Diocese of Ohio was called, and met to consider this c|uestion. It was a question with reference to which opinion in the Diocese had been not unevenly divided. Many were strongly of opinion that "a religious corporation could not conduct a farm to advantage," and it must be confessed that the results of the experiment went l^r towards justifying this conclusion. The total income from farms, houses and shops, had averaged but thirteen hundred dollars a year. The other side of the case was thus stated by the Bishop : " It is well known that the lands at present owned were purchased by the venerable founder of the institutions upon them for a permanent endowment, and were designed to furnish not only an income for the support mainly of theological instruction, since candidates lor Orders pay no tuition fees, but also for a moral protection to the institution, by securing the control of its neighborhood to a great distance around it. Nothing can be more manifest than that Bishop Chase not only did not expect that those lands would ever be sold, but was always strongly set upon' their permanent retention. His various communications to the Convention of this Diocese, and to the public contain most convincing marks to that effect. There is reason to be assured that the Trustees, as long as he remained over them', entirely sympathized in these views. I am certain that the same have been held as tenaciSusly by the Board ever since. Nothing but a sense of necessity has caused them so much as to inquire into the propriety of a different course. The attachment of those in the Diocese who have taken interest enough in an institution, so central to all its interests, to have any attachment thereto, is still decidedly to the maintenance of the original views in regard to its lauds." The conclusion as reached was thus stated by the Committee of the Convention, to whom the whole subject was referred. "A considerable portion of the present debts must be satisfied within a few months, and to effect this object, a forced sale of the lands of the corpora- tion must be made, or funds procured by donation or loan. * * * * * KKNYON COLLEGE. 253 .No j)nideiit iniin would force liis real estate into market, unless eonipelled to do so. duriiiy,- tlie ])resenl pecuniary eiiiharrassnient of all classes. Such is the coiidiliuii (if Ihc liiiid iiinrkct Ihal lime is everything to tlnisc who nwe debts, and wild nnisl ])ay \>y I lie sah' of lamls. It is very clear that a ruinous loss would he incurred hy the sale of the college lands at this time. To prevent, if possiliK", so fireal ;i sacrilice. it is the opinion of the ('onimittee that a final and last appeal shouhi he made 1o those who may feel an interest in the institulion al (iambier. 1'his is due to its venerable founder, to the early and present liicnds of Kenyon ('ollege — it is due to all other friends of learninj;; and reliiiion." In response to the decision of the ('onvention, l.ishop iMcIlvaine fiirded on his armor, and "labored willi all his mii;ht." The result of his appeal in I he Eastern States was .i!2!t,5i7. S a change was made with a view of realizing a profit from grazing and laising cattle and sheej). Bui after e.\j)ensive stock had been l)urchased, a dry season cut off the means of keeping it, and it was necessary to sell at a great loss to save life. There were those who blamed this experiment, lint ]ierhaps they would not have done so if it had been attem])ted at a time when stock was rising instead of falling, and when feed was plenty instead of scarce. .\t such a lime it miiihl iiave (deared off the wlnde ilebt, but. as it was, the prolils went the wrong way." This is simply quoted as a si)ecimen of not a i't'w vain attempts Id realize largely JVom the College lauds — so Ihut it is not to be wondered at that in 1S4'2 Hishdp .Mcdivaiue ^hduld say "Oni' thing is evident, Ihal the manage- ment of land anil produce, i)y the agent of ^ucli an inslitution, whose time is divide<| will: other duties, must necessarily be at a or(ifliiii cannot with theirs." Sd, lliough measurable relief came, after the crisis of 1S42, from the funds wliii h were tlu'n collected, matters nevertheless dragged along somewhat heavily until isl'.i. when a commillee of llie ISoai'd of Trustees gave e.xijres- sion to the prcvak'nl senlimeni in the following lan^iuige : "The ])ecuniary endtarrassmenis of the Seminary, and the conse(|nenl depression upon the j)rosperity and success of its instil nlions, have long been the IheuK' of reproach among ils enemies and the subject of deep mortiflca- lion and regrel with ils friends — vaiaons e.xjiedienls have been ii'dui lime to 254 KENYON COLLEGE. time resorted to to relieve the institution from this great evil with very little better results than temporary relief, procrastination, and increase of the debt by accumulations of interest and costs. The committee is informed that the present amount of debt against the institution, in vai'ious forms of liability, is about fifteen thousand doUSrs, the accruing interest on which is nearly equal to all the available annual income. Many of the creditors are pressing' for payment, interest is in arrears — and unless means be speedily provided, portions of the real estate will be levied upon and sold under execution. To add to these eniljarrassnients, there being due a large an-ear of taxes against the lands, the whole tract has been sold to satisfy the incumbrance. •'To sustain the credit of the institution, or even to preserve its vitality, under such circumstances, and against such unhappy influences, seems to the committee hopeless. The tax sale must be redeemed, and the other pecuniary embarrassments removed, or the institution must go into decay, perhaps be wholly lost. " The corporation holds in fee a body of four thousand acres of land, than which, for the usual various purposes of agriculture, none better can be found in Ohio. These lands are worth an average price of $20 per acre, and by many are estimated much higher. The annual rents from the improved parts of all this body of land little, if any, exceed the bills of repairs and taxes. Is it wise then to leave this noble institution with its schools and Colleges thus fettered and bound, its character and usefulness lessened, if not destroyed, when by a change of investment of the moneys that are in these lands, or even a S7iiall portion of them, all the incumbrances might be removed, an annual income secured that would give permanency and prosperity to the institution? We have come to the conclusion that from motives of both expediency and necessity we are urged and impelled to make sale of a portion of these lands." To this was added the opinion of the Board itself that the time had come when it was " due to the institution to change the investment of a portion of its lands." So it was resolved by the Convention of the Diocese in 1849: 1. "That the Convention are of opinion that the Board of Trustees have lull legal authority to sell and convey in fee simple the lands belonging to said Seminary. 2. That a sale of a portion of said lands, as proposed by said Board, is expedient, not only to enable the Trustees lo discharge the debts of the Seminary, but also to enable them to place that institution upon a better i'ooting as to its income." With the sale of a portion of these lands in 1850 "a brighter day dawned upon Kenyon " — all debts were paid — credit was restored, and confidence increased. KENYON COLLEGE. 255 Ctie Kcp. CLhonias 2natl]cr Smitl^, T>. D. Diiclm- Siiiilli was Iidiii al Stainlbnl, Conn., March 7, 1 T'.Ki. His latlierwas an ( )illu>ilii.\ Coniirc'^alional Minister, and his ancestors were among the most lanKiiis of I lie Puritan Worthies. He was graduated i'rom Yale College in l^Ki, slndied tlieology at Andover, l)ecame a (congregational clergyman, and remained such for a (|uarler of a century. His work in tlie Protestant i<;])isco|)ai Chni-cli was cliielly done at (iauiliier. For I'our years lie was President of Keuyoii College ( lS5()-.")4 ). and for lirteen more years he was Pi-ofessor ol' .Systematic Divinity and Sucrecl Literature. He died at Portland, Maine, September G, 1864. His son-in law. Bishop Perry, of Iowa, writes concerning liim: "It would l)e (liflicult to delineate the character of Dr. Smith in more titling words than tliose of liis beloved brother-in-law, the Rev. President Woods, D. D., of Howdoin College, ■ a faithful minister, an upright and blameless Christian gentleman, an accomplished Christian scholar,' courteous and refined, singu- larly gifted iu conversational powers, exact and ready in iiis knowledge, and with a mind of large grasp and great discrimination; ha])py in his explana- tions, clear and collected in iu-gument, he was admirably calculated for a Professor's chair, and the post lie retained so long, and tilled witii such universal acceptance, attests his i)ower." pre5i&cnt cTn^rclr>5 Lorin Andrews, LL. D., was born at Ashland, Ohio, April 1, 1819. When about eighteen years old, he entered Kenyon Grammar School, and, in due time, Kenyon College. He did not remain for graduation, owing to financial embarrassments in his father's household. He was admitted to the bar in 1S47, but never opened an office as a lawyer. His work was that of a teacher, and in this work he labored successfully at Ashland, Mansfield, and Massillon. In the words of Bishop Mcllvaine: "It was not long before he manifested that large minded zeal in the promotion of common school education which soon made his name a household word in the school system of Ohio. To the improvement and vigorous prosei-uticjn of that system he now devoted himself, sparing no ])ains, shrinking fmni no labor. No name was so universally known in the State in connection with general education as his, 256 KEN YON COLLEGE. noiio s(i widely rospccfed, none so inllnentinl. It was when he was at the lieight of liis roiHilntioii ;inil inlhu'iioe in llial department of usefulness that he was ohosen lo I ho rrosidcni'v of Ivonyon (.'ollei!:e. The condition of the College demanded jiisl liie ([uidities for which he was so distinguished, the talent for administration, a \t'ry sound judgment, a prompt and (irm decision, united with a special diawing of heart towards young men in the course of their education. The C\illege was in no condition to oiler him any temptation of a worldly or sellfsh hind. It was deep in embarrassment and compassed with dilHculties. lie accepted the otHce with ditlidence, but with devotedness. All the highest ex]>ec(ati(Uis of his administration were more than fnlfilled. "When the lirst iated at Yale in 1839, and was admitted to the bar in 1S43. In 1845 lie was made Assistant Attorney General of Philadelphia, and during his incumbency (if that otfice prepared and published his American Criminal Lair. He Mas greatly interested in Christian work, and in 1850 made a journey liirough the Upper Missouri Valley distributing Bibles and tracts along the way. In 1856 he became Professor of History and English Literature in Keiiyon College, wliere he remained seven years. In 1861 he was oi'dained, and in 1863 became Rector of St. Paul's Church, Brookline, Mass. In 1870 he settled in Cambridge, as Professor in the Divinity School, doing work also in the Boston University Law School. Under President Cleveland's administration he be- came the Legal Advisor of the DeiDartment of State at Washington. At tlie time of his death, he was engaged, under a resolution of Congress, in editing the Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States in tlie early part of our liistory. He died February 21. 1889. Joseph Packard, .Jr., Esq., says of his Kenyon days: ''The life at Gani- bier was full of work. There were a dozen or more lectures to his classes each week ; there was the editorship of the Episcopal Recorder, and the Protestant Episcopal Quarterly Revieiv\ there was constantly work to be done in meet- ing the demand for new editions of his law books. To all this was added an extensive correspondence. Distinctive Christian work, however, still kept its prominent place with him. In addition to regular attendance and help in prayer meetings among the College students, it was his custom, from the time of his first residence in Gambler, to ride a number of miles oii Sunday afler noons to hold mission services in some distant handets. •' During part of his career as Professor, he conducted wliat was called liis Bible Class — more properly, lectures — on Sunday evenings. Attendance on these lectures was entirely voluntary; Iml althougii 1lie College sludenls Jiad already been, under stress of law. to the morning and afternoon service in tiie Chapel, there were few that failed to attend. So, also, came the theological students, the villagers, and even many of the Grammar School boys. It was no wonder, for the subject was illustrated in the most attractive way from tlic stories of his varied knowledge. ''But any sketch of him would be incomplete whicii failencc of (Bambicr in ^857-8 BY FRANCIS WH,\IIT0N, D. T)., LL. D. Several of ray former Gambier pupils, on visiting Brookline, and on hearing the hymn "Alnde with me," sung at St. Paul's to the tune with which we were so familar when togetlier on the Hill, have asked me for the notes. In answering this request, my mind involuntarily turns back to an event with which the hymn and music are both, in my memory and alfections, indissolubly connected, — the Revival at Gambier, in 1857-58. And I have I'elt, in sending the notes to the printer, that it might not be amiss for me to join with them a few recollections of that most eventful period ; recollections which I now print in memory of those of our brethren, then with us, who are now in heaven, and in aifectionate tribute to those who still survive. I was in Philadelphia at the time when the religious interest, which was then so general through the whole country, began to manifest itself at Gam- bier; and 1 well recollect the deep impression made upon me, on m,y return, after the usual winter vacation, in finding a daily prayer-meeting instituted in that basement room of Rosse Chapel, with which, ungainly and dark as it may be, I have so many dear associations. It M^as Mr. William BoAver, then in the Sophomore Class, now an honored minister of Newark, Ohio, who first, if I understood rightly, urged the importance of these meetings; and soon, to the few who at first attended, was added the great body of the students, as Avell as of the residents of the Hill. The collection of hymns, called " Hymns Ibr Church and Home,"' had a short time before been published ; and I well recol- lect calling the attention of Mr. Bower, Mr. Holden, and the late Mr. J. W. McCarty, to the hymn Avhich I now republish, and asking them if they could KENYON COLLEGE. 261 not find suitable music to. words so Ijeautilul. ami mi approjjriate Ui the solemn state of religious feeling. It was Mr. Bower wlio brought us the tune which is now printed, and which by mcniorv was for so long sung at Gambier. Desiring til reproduce it at my own parish, I wrolc to Mr. J. W. McCarty, only a i'ew months Ijefore his death, and reccivcij Irniii him, iieni'iileil down by himself, the notes of the melody. To I he Revival with whii'ii liiis hymn is so closely associa1e(I, 1 can never revert without recollections tiie tenderest and the most strengthening. It showed two very remarkable facts. The first is, that God, even when we least e.xpeet it, will make bare His arm, and, in answer to the importunate suppli- calioii'^ of His people, descend with mighly power, awakening and converting siniici-^. ami recalling to a higiicr ami iioliei- profession iliose among His (■iiiidren who have become faint and cold. The second is, that those whom He thus pleases to revive, and use as instruments in such revival, are not as it, has Ijeeii sometimes said, the creatures of mei-e excitement, whose fervor passes away with tlie occasion which iiunianjy caused it. As illustrations of these truths I do not merely particularize the living, so many of them ministers of (Jod's Word. I turn, first to those whom God has taken to Himself. Mr. John W. Griffin is the first of our now glorified brethern, whose name meets my eye on the catalogue. He was then a student in the Seminary, and was at the same time assisting me in the chair of English Literature in I lie College. Of all men whom I have ever met, he was most on his knees; and in no one did I ever witness more sterling integrity, more sanctified holi- ness, and more devoted zeal. He was ordained at Gambier, shortly before the late war, by Bishop Bedell ; and though called to be minister of Rosse Chapel, where he would gladly have remained, he was ordered by Bishop Meade, in u hose diocese he was a deacon, to the parisii at Amherst, Virginia. A few months after his settlement, the war broke out, and he took the post of chaplain to a regiment in the Confederate army. Here he wore himself out liy his devotion to the sick and dying, and l)y his most powei'ful ministry of tile Word. Those who saw him in the last few months of his life, say that wliile his body was emaciated, and his strength nearly gone, his face shone almost as an angel's, and his preaching and conversation wei"e marked almost by an angel's power. One of his last acts was to write a letter to me, dwelling (HI what he used to speak of as the blessed memories of Gambier, and of that Revival which I now seek to recall; and asking to have his dying love given to the Bisliops of Ohio, and to tiiose with wlioni, when at Gambier, he had lived. Mr. John W. McCarty is the next name in tiie list of the then theological students, and to Mr. McCarty's agency in the Revival I have already inciden- tallv relerre(l. I cannot look back on Mr. McCartiu' without some decree of self- 262 KENYON COLLEGE. reproach. He was by nature marked by much waywardness, irritabilitj^ and impetuosity; and I was one of those who scarcely did liim justice, and who only partially saw, through the conflict that thus arose, the deep fervor of his devotion, and the passionate conviction of sin which perhaps these very pecu- liarties ol' his temperament tended to enhance. I now have to say that I believe that few men have ever adorned our ministry either with greater genius or more thorough piety. He, too, was summoned to an early grave, passing thither from a pulpit, — that of Christ Church, Cincinnati. — than which we have few more important, and in which his remarkable gifts, ripen- ing as they were day after day, were beginning to exercise immense power. Mr. John Leithead is next on the list of those, who, in the then Seminary classes, have passed from the ministry of earth to that of heaven. When I first went to Gambier, he was in temper and character a mere boy ; often vacillating and inconstant. He became afterwards a minister of extraordinary holiness and zeal, and lustrous with grace; and his death-bed, at Pitjua, Ohio, where he was Rector, was marked by seraphic loveliness and triumph. Mr. H. A. Lewis, who was then in the Sophomore Class in the College and Mr. M. M. Gilbert, who was then in the Freshmen Class, subsequently entered the Seminary as theological students, were ordained, and crowned brief and faithful ministries by deaths of peace and glorious trust! Mr. John M. Burke, then in the Senior Class of the College, went to Virginia before the war, and was there ordained. His ministerial life, as I have learned from those who knew him at the time, was one of the simple faith and earnest labor; and his death, which was immediate, occured during an attack on the town in which he was ministering. Among those who were present at Gambier, during the Revival, being at the time laymen, the following besides myself, are now ministers of the Gospel : — Rev. Henry D. Lathrop, Rev. Cornelius S. Abbot, Rev. Henry H. Messinger, Rev. William J. Alston, Rev. Richard L. Ganter, Rev. William C. Gray. Rev. Richard Holden, then in the Seminary — I cannot but pause with emotion as I write Mr. Holden's name. There is no man from whom I learned more, through example, of true Christian life ; none among all whom 1 have ever met, who united more inflexible Christian courage, with purer doctrine, and with a more wonderful influence over the wild and irreligious. Of all persons, irreligious college students are the most restive at any attempts at personal religious influence, particularly where the eff'ort comes from a fellow- student : and yet among the most reckless of this class, Mr. Holden, then a student himself, labored freely, faithfully, and earnestly, and was listened to always with respect, and sometimes with love. I have never seen a similar KENYON COLLEGE. 263 case ; and yet, let it be remembered, that his personal life was one of severe holiness; that he never hesitated to rebuke sin; that he never shrank from proclaiming the doctrines of grace, — the doctrines ol' man's extreme depravity and of salvation only through the merits of Christ, — in their most direct and ])ositive form. It was because he Jived these doctrines so fully, so firmly, and so meekly, that he made them so lovely, and that he proclaimed them, both at tiie time of which I speak and subsequently, with such extraordinary eifect. Mr. Holden, subsequently to his ordination, declined prominent ministerial jiosts, and went as a missionary to Brazil, where, beibre his conversion, he had become acquainted with the language, and where he felt he owed a peculiar debt. To my own great grief, and to the great grief of others, he sul)sequently left our communion, finding a ditliculty in the disputed phrases in the Haj)lismal Service; phrases, 1 cannot but think, which would luive appeared to liim, had he considered them more fully, as representing most important features in that very covenant of grace on which, in its general asjjccts, he dwelt with so much comlbrt and power. \i this should meet Mr. Holden's eye, in the field where I believe he still works with the same devotion, though in connection with another coinniuiiioii, 1 ask him to receive it as a testimony of the unchanged love and reverence of those who labored with him in 1S57-58. and who, though they will never meet him again in the Ibrms of the visible Church on earth, look Ibrward to joining him in the glorified ('hurch in Heaven. Rev. William O. Feltwell, Rev. Frederick M. Gray. Rev. Wyllys Hall, Rev. John Newton Lee, Rev. John P^ranklin OhI, Rev. William Thompson, Rev. William Bower, Rev. William Henry Dyer, Rev. James Hervey Lee, Rev. Charles E. McHvaine, Rev. Calvin Clarke Parker, Rev. Chas. H. Young, Rev. Carlos Enrique Butler, Rev. Joseph Witherspoon Cook, Rev. John William Trimble, Rev. Royal Blake Balcom, Rev. Otho H. Fryer, Rev. E O. Simpson, Rev. Daniel C. Roberts, Rev. Henry L. Badger, Rev. A. F. Blake, Rev. Samuel H. Boyer, Rev. Edward Dolloway, Rev. John Andrew Dooris, Rev. Wm. D'Orville Doty, Rev. W. H. D. Grannis, Rev. Horace E. Hayden, Rev. Wm. M. Postlethwaite, Rev. George B. Pratt, Rev. Wm. W. Rafter, Rev. Wm. E. Wright. As I write these, the names of those now in the living ministry, whose faces I so vividly recall in connection with the Revival of 1857-58, I cannot but feel once more the old afl'ection then borne to them by one who was with them as a lay College Professor; — who is now with them in the Common Ministry of the Word; — and who would desire to unite with them in the prayer that each of us may be blessed, unworthy as we are and have been, with many souls, to be laid at oui Blessed Lord's feet, as the trophies of His redeeming grace. ^64 KKNYON COLLEGE. With (wo additional rellections I now close. The first is, that what seemed sometimes, when we viewed them closely at Qambier, weaknesses and imi)erl'ecti(iMK miuI ,j;iiTiiii;s, now, at this distance, are lost in \]\o ti'iie greatness of tlie <;vn('r;il work, even if we shonld take tliis sini^lc small se<;tion of time as I lie sole test. And 1 cannot but thinlc tiiat sncli a retrospect siiould be a sonrce of the truest comlbrt and encourasi'ement to the Bishops ol' Ohio, and (rO (he I'rol'essors at (iambic^-, amid the nnndx'i'less trials and anxieties to which tdiey are exposed. Oi-eatcr unifonnity and less individiialitiV might probal)ly be prodnci'd iindei- a moi-(> rigorons and more highly keyed Church syslem ; I (pieslion wliet her any other system could lia.ve produced truer and more cHicienl. and at tin' same time more \aried, forms of ministerial life. 'The other remark is, that it is possibU> for a l\e\'i\al to be conducted ii\ ]>erfect harmony with, and strict obedience to, the ridiries and laws of our C^hurch. During (lie time of the di>e])es( religions intei-cst at (iaud)ier, (he regular services of the Ohurch wi're perfornuHl with I lie utmost t'xactness, (iiough with a largidy increased attendance. There was no interchange with other nnnistries; tluM'e has l)een, Iiowever, a. Large and uuist elfeclive increase of our own, as well as an addition to our own communion of a body of faithful laymen, sevei'al of whom I have lat(dy he.ard of as organizing parishes, and (•(inducting, with great activity, lay missions. l'\'w .among lliose who stood together in the meetings 1 thus recall, came forth other than earnest, d(>vo(ed men, — weak indeiMJ, and feeling their weakness, — but impressed above all things with a lo\'e to soids, and a determination to jireach and to live, to perishing siunei-s, |]u> fullness of the (8. ' Not (uilil lliiil lioin- wlu'ii tlu^ power (if luciiKiry fails, Shall fiuU^ !i\v!\y Iho vision of tlios(( lov(^ly vaUis, Which, liUo 11 bolt of oiiuiraUl, oncirclo tlio liltlo town, With i(s collof>'o towor and spiros i|niell,v looking down Ovor patidMii? of rnstlinji corn and wh(^at-li()l(ls I.yinjj still; To tho grist(ining stream which liu'ns Mio old red mill, To tho anoiont dam, wlioro tho waters splash and foam Past tho hewn log walls of many a hnmblo home, Eastward to w here Iho eye falls on /ions wooded erost; Orlookinj;' down the valley stretehinfj tow.ard the West, Behold tho little rivor comes vipplini>- past that jiravol isle Whore long ago on sunnnor afternoons we often did beguile Awjiy tli(i happy hours, with merry games and playful sport, With ringing shouts of laughter, with c|uiok and bright retort, Ah! how many aro tho pictures which we might unroll If tinio wore ours to turn back moniory's cherished scroll!" KENYON COLLEGE. 265 Bi5l7op 2110311X11110 anb t\jc dolorcb 5tu6ent The rollowiiij;' iiu-iilciil is rclnlcd hy I lie Hisliop's daiijililcr : "Wo slopped at (Jaiiihiei' on our icliirii IVdin ,d)i-i)Md in IS,")!!, lo sec iiiv lirotlicr, then studyinji tliere, my liillici- inlcndini: lo rciiniin ami |ircarli llic next (lay (Sunday ). On arriviiiii, a liicnd lold liiiii llial the |)hicc was imicli ajiifated hccaiisc the colored inaii (Alsloii), llioii^li lie was sliidyiuff al, I lie Divinity Sciiool at (iainhier, was not allowed by tlu; ('lia])lain to receive llu Holy Oomniimion with the i-esl of the Divinity students when. accordin day, having;' a very vajiue idea of the orhils and molions of ihe dilferent ])lanets wiiich were the to|)ic of the day's lesson. Well, " in the course of lunnan events," it be('ame his Inru to recite. "Mr. (!.," said the Professor to onr hero, "tell us all yon know about .hipiler. P>y the way, how would you conju^ale .lupileri"' "It is a noun. Sir," said (i.; "I'd rallier t/, '<■//'/,,■ il." "Well, Iheii," exclaimed Ihe I'rofe^^sor. a lilllc vexed al havinu' been caufihl in so evident a mistake, "how would yon t/rf/i/w W V " J\l(i.'ash around his neck. Sonicliody was begging for mercy. It only heightened the impression thai iwii or tliree would he murdered anyway, .'^ome followed 1). on his gory path, iiiaiU- easy now h\ the gallant pioneer. 'I'he others escaped in various ways; and Fiddler, alternately laughing and yelling, like Tecumseh in the corn dance, was lell in undisturlied possession of the hattleiield. V. In -lune, "5.5. there occurred an oratorial contest in Mt. Vernon. \V . L. S. d(divered one of the orations. He carried off' the victors crown. At least the Democratir Bannerol that day published several hundred copies ol' iS.'s oration; and for months, "on the hill,"' in halls, on walks, in private and social gatherings, glittering gems from this oration were allowed to s]iarkle and display their varied beauties. -The boys" had committed eloquent passages to memory. Although some may think that 8. simph' held up a dictionary that had a leak in it, yet I know it will be of interest to those who thirty -five years ago left Kenyon's lialls, and are now engaged in the busy walks of life. I understand that S. is now a member of a AVestern legislature. The oration filled four columns of the Banner. It is all of the same "beauty and eloquence." I will select a few paragraphs in which sentences occur that are still ringing in my ears. "Virtue will Triumph." — "It is beginning to besiege the imperial liabitaticms of aspiring dynasties, to thrill, agitate, and threaten tyrants, inonarchs. and exhorbitant usurpers, excoriating their malignant, virulant motives from all fraudulent dissimulation in which they are invested, that in iheir subterranean coverts they might the better and more decisively environ and restrain the unobstructed advancement of the minds of their subjects, and thus clandestinely promulgate their blighting influence and prosecute their infamous determinations ; it is dethroning emperors, dissolving kingdoms, undermining thrones; while involuntary subjection of every kind, absconds before the universal franchisement of man; it is unremittingly suffocating intoxication, beligerently conrpiering every passion, and subduing every libidinous appetite and desire. Like an aggressive invader, it environs the black receptacle of immoderate indulgence, discomfits the vigilant watchman ])laced upon the watch towers, uncaps the turbulent sea. with a demon like KENYON COLLEGE grasp it tlirows open the contaminated headgates of the boiling, engulfing whirli)ool of intemperance, corrivates the variously originated estuaries of excess, conducts the pestiferous stream along the established conduit, and, notwithstanding its potent obluctations, precipitates down the intermediate declivities into eternal oblivion; this ■ mighty heaven-born antidote is a sutlicient counterblast to the erratic evaporation of the epidemics of space and chronics of duration, the preposterous extremes, superstition and inlidelity; yes, ladies and gentlemen, virtue ■will finally triumph." VI. The jihilosophical recitation room was the southwest corner room, third story, west wing. I can see it yet — black-boards, benches, philosophi- cal glass, and hardware. It w^as there that Rev. Mr. AVinthrop met us a( annual examinations, and in his peculiar voice used to ask us to tell him all about "Tupto,'' its source, tributaries, its wandering and final destination. It was there tliat tutor B***y used to preside, in '54, a Dublin man, I believe, at any rate, short of stature, head planted deep in his shoulders, an ambling gait, Batrachian voice, a diligent student, M'hile he understood mathematics, he did not seem to understand the complete art of imparting what he knew ; for many a time, when he stood at the board with some luckless wight, ex- plaining the intricate involutions and evolutions of some mathematical prob- lem, were both heads surrounded with a halo — a nimbus of chalk dust — emanating from chalk rags tlirown by those wiio were bent on verifying Watfs lines — "For Satin tinds some mischief still For idle hands to do," You could not expect them to imitate Gibbon's Monks, sit with their chins on their breasts and contemplate their gastric centres. Once after D. B.had double-shotted the electrical machine, poor tutor B., in the act of picking up a piece of chalk, allowed his liead to come in contact with the " business end " of the machine, it laid him prone, as if struck by lightning. On rising from his prostrate position, he remarked, " Ah, young gintlemen, I quite lost my sinces ! " It was in this room that Eev. Mr. Bonte, then a student in the sem- inary, used to teach a student's Bible Class, a matter of profit and instruction to many who to-day are in life's busy mazes. It was there in '54 that Prof. S^ n. an imported Cambridge wrangler, exhorted us to diligence in the study of higher mathematics, especially calculus '' the keystone of the noble arch," he used to call it. lie had a humid tenor voice. "Gentlemen," he said, "do not manifest your approbation by any boisterous demonstration." Again : "If you could but see the trismegistic tangent, and the fluxions of ex- ponential and logarithmic quantities, the assymptotes would pass through your being, and you would become an inspired parabola." I do not pretend SOME KENYON CLERGYMEN. J. M. Kendrick, D. D. I. N. Stanger, D. D. Alfred Blake, D. D. A. V. G. Allen, D. D. John Cotton Smith. D. I). Noah Hunt Schenck, D. U. David H. Creer, D. D. Heman Dyer, D. D. Wm. S. Langford, D. D. KEN YON COLLEGE. 273 to quote his exact words, but this is about the impression it left on my mind. .lust imagine growing citizens under his pestle being triturated into absorption of the garnered wisdom of the ages. You might as well expect a Hindoo to keej) track of tlie midnight marches of the solar s.ystem, as to expect to follow liim through his double duplex, complex, compound technicalities. He used lo tlirow out his riddles and rebuses, and invariably they would come back to hiin unanswered. G. V. and F. T. were the only ones who pretended to know anything about it. On examination day B. C. and J. S. copied their problems from their culfs, and "Jolin" his from his tinger nails. One night, about the middle of a term, somebody or bodies stole every Calculus on the Hill; even the Professor's had vanished. If it was difficult to recite with tliein, what could we do without them^ There were sputtering tokens of an imeasy condition, faculty meetings, etc. The matter was dropped. I surmise that the introduction of the study was right enough, l)ut the Professor could not manage and mould the material before him. As a rule, though there are many exceptions, teachers of American students should he "to tlie manor liorn." \'II. In IS.").'!, tlie lime of which I am to speak, Professor D n was tlie autocrat of this room. He was a tall, spare man, lithe and active, dis- tinguished by one predominating element in his character, great seriousness. To Iiim life was real; there was a deep and pervading sense of responsibility; his position to him could have but one object, the saving of souls. His walk was slow; his conversation very ileliberate. He was a persistent man. In tliose days the term used to extend to the latter days of July. One hot July Sunday afternoon, he preached upon the text, " BT!1 of coiniiiiseratiriii. The feeling was, of course, a wrong one, l»ut I rei-all it as an element in our life in the College. Kenyon College was then a distinctively Church institution. Church (Colleges still exist, but the day for founding them has apparently gone by; they do not thrive as such, nor are those in charge of them anxious to plead this characteristic in tiieir l)elialf ; on the contrary, there is a tendency to dis- own it. But I must bear my testimony to Kenyon as a Church College, and to the beneficial intluence it exerted under this aspect. There was a decidedly religions atmosphere in the institution as though all things tended toward a religious end. But at the same time, religion was never thrust upon us, nor was it over worked, in such a way as to make us react from its influence. One of I lie things by which I was most struck on entering the College was the fact tliat it was oflicered exclusively by laymen. No clergyman came into any otiicial relationship with us. The faculty in their capacity as laymen con- ducted ])rayers in the Chapel, and Professor Wharton gave us most edifying sermons as a lay jireacher ; but while they sustained well their religious char- acter, they made no direct elfort to enforce religious or church influences. WJiether this fact were accidental or whether it was policy, I do not know; l)u1 we were almost as much shut out from the direct influence of the clergy as the students of Girard College, in Philadelphia. For the first two years of my residence in Gambler there was no Chaplain, nor when one was appointed was the effect a beneficial one of his attempt to visit the students in his oflicial cajiacity. It was rather resented, and in such emphatic manner that the new ('haplain Ibund himself in a difficult position. I suppose he was regarded as external to the true life of the College. I noticed then and have often noticed since that the strongest influences on men in college must come out of tlieir own circle; and whether rightly or wrongly, the clergyman is apt to be sus- pected of working in the interest of some other end that the student has in view. At any rate, the old regime of laymen worked well and lor several years the College was as prosperous and efficient as its most ardent well wisher cnuld desire. Thei'e were those among the students who exerted a stronger religious influence than any Chaplain could have done. The religious life of these men was sedulously cultivated among themselves. Class prayer- meetings, let those sneer at them who will, kept alive the soul of spiritual devotedness. We had no beautiful Chapel in those days, nor did we worship to the sound of the organ. In the basement of Rosse Hall, cold and unsightly and dark, we gathered for morning and evening prayers. But religion was none the less real; it had a certain healthy and manly character which com- manded our respect. I do not believe that happier or more healtliful sur- roundings for young men then existed than were to l>e found in Gamliier. 280 KENYON COLLEGE. I have spoken of the College as represented by its teachers and also in its capacity as a Church institution. Let me add a tew words about this College as composed of its students. They came for tlie most part from Ohio, some from the immediate vicinity, many from the larger cities, and a good number from the Southern States. There were others also, drawn from various direc- tions by the prospect of support offered by a society in Ohio which existed for the purpose of recruiting the ministry. There were those whose preparation .was indifferent, and whose ability was slender, there were some who came for the purpose of a year's study, not intending to graduate, and some also who were mainlj' bent on a good time. But the number, I think, must have been relatively large who came with a desire to work, among whom were men of a high order of ability. Among the formative influences at Gambler for which I am most grateful was my acquaintance and friendship with these men. It was they who set the standards and by their own acheivements stimulated others to persue them. They were left free to develop themselves according to their kind, no dominant influence from without carried them away from them- selves. They grew strong and became potent factors in revealing the art of speech, the graces of style, or the methods of political life. There were incipient statesmen among them, lawyers, administratoi's, ecclesiastics, many of whom have since become distinguished. With what dignity they bore them- selves among their fellows. It was something to have known and looked up to them. As I review the life at Kenyon at this distance of time, it seems to me that it furnished in a remarkable degree the conditions necessary for the devel- opment of personality. It reminds me in some respects of the small Italian republics in the age of the Renaissance. No great central influence over- shadowed us so as to make us feel our insignificance. It was not difficult to take in the range of the required studies, there was healthy and generous riv- alry, opportunities were offered for distinction and fame, — fame such as it was and to us it seemed great — the Literary Societies created a sphere for other capacities than scholarship, while distinction met at once with public recogni- tion. Perhaps we did not measure ourselves accurately with the great world outside of us. There wei'e motives at work in society of which we did not dream. But we were storing up enthusiasm and self-confidence, qualities which might not have been grown so easily and naturally had the conditions which surrounded us been different. Gambler intensified its influences and tendencies by its isolation from the world. Those were the days when the rail- way station was at a distance of five miles and was reached only by daily stage. There were few social opportunities or distractions. Life became simple and homogeneous, and was beautiful in its simplicity. The only thing of impor- tance was the College which existed for us and we for the College. We were KENYON COLLEGE. 281 learnini;- to study, we were gaining a knowledge of men, and tiie sense of per- sonality deepened within us, till we were filled with a boundless enthusiasm. It may have been narrow and small to the last degree, but we magnified it with the lenses of imagination till the outer world seemed dull and uninter- esting by comparison. As I reflect on all that it was to us, I say again, there could not have been a better home for young men than was Gambier, in the years I am describing, and here I leave it, as I like best to remember it, before it was struck with decline, partly by the disasters of the civil war, and partly also by other causes which it is not necessary to mention. Very sincerely yours, ALEXANDER V. G. ALLEN. ^irst l^all of a (£olIcgc ^raterttity 3uilt in tl^c Unite& States FROM AN ARTICLE BY W. H. TUNNARD. ESQ. The Lambda Chapter of the Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity was char- tered January 17, 1853. The first members were: H. D. Lathrop, of the Class of "53 ; Leighton Brooke, James N. Gamble, Moses Hamilton, C. H. James, John H. Lamon, of the Class of '54; James M. LeDuc, D. Brainard Ray, James H. Larwill. of the Class of '55; David D. Benedict, George T. Chapman, Thomas M. James, Fred D. Tunnard, and William H. Tunnard, of the Class of '.5(i. At that time a law existed in Kenyon College against all secret fraterni- ties, and certain expulsion awaited all who should be discovered connected with these links between youths and the " spirits of darkness." The secrecv of the Chapter and danger oi' membership gave it additional eclat among those connected with it. Tliey met in the old Bell Room, in the third story of the middle division of the (Jollege building. What nights of stealthy conclave followed I Sometimes a mile away within the brick walls of Milnor Hall ; again creeping forth into the shadows of darkness, at the midnight hour like a Itand of Banquos, whose ghosts would not down, out into the silent woods. On the Owl Creek bottoms, or more musically termed the Kokosing valley, about a mile east from the college hill, stood a deserted log hut with but a single room. It was dark, lonely, surrounded by rank weeds and a dense setting of ))rambles and interlaced briars. No human foot had been within its walls for 282 KENYON COLLEGE. years, and llie hand ol' Time way upon llie enunhlini;- (inihers and moss-covered rool'. Here lor months Ihe jjioneers ol' Lambda assembled, coming singly and by circuitons rentes, and held their meetings. Homer Thrall writes: "It was the (irsl hall ol' Lambda. It was never dedicated with imposing ceremonies and was never I'urnished and decorated with the comforts and sur- roundings ol' a pleasing elegance, bul in it were some rare meetings. IT a picture is needed to adorn the histor\- of -^ ^^- ''^ in its infancy at Kenyon, of this lirsl iiall, seize the !)rnsh and i>aint an old deserted log cabin, very small, very low, and voi'v ohl, with no window ;)nd only a single door — standing alone in the center of a lield, surrounded with rank weeds^ * * * ,lus1 what we did at our meetiniis, 1 do not remember, only there were some literary exercises, in addition to routine l)usiness. As to opposition from the faculty, we encountered none in our tinio, \'ov they had no idea of our exis- tence, and, as to what (Uir fellow students outside of the secret band thoughl of it — tiiey thought nothing, for they did not know it was establislied." Another place of meeting was at a farm house three miles north of the College, owned by a Mr. Douglas, an old bachelor, whose sympathy for the "boys" induced him to vacate liis dwelling and leave it in possession of the members on nights of meeting. In 1S54, the badges of the Chapter were hrst displayed by the graduating members of that class, creating an astonishment as startling as if a first-class aerolite had descended amid the Paters of the institution. A committee was appointed ttoiren view Ihe Faculty relative to the matter. That committee consisted of James M. Le Due, George T. Chapman, David D. Benedict, and Fred. D. Tunnard. A petition was presented to the august body, and they con- sented to abolish the rules relative to secret societies. Provided, a member of the Faculty would be permitted to attend the meetings. The members con- sented and the matter was settled. D. D. Benedict thus relates the result: "A short time after this agreement 1 was walking up the college path with President Lorin xVndrews, when he asked: ' How are you getting along'? " 'Nicely,' I replied. ' When do you meet ? ' ' Can't tell you. j\lr. President.' 'Why not? Did you not agree that a member of the Faculty should attend ?' ' Yes. sir. But we propose to choose the member. We will take Professor Lathrop.' The President gave a long whistle aiid changed the subject, ^^'e had beaten him. Professor Lathrop, a charter member, had graduated, become a Professor in the College, and knew all the movements of the fraternity, but had kept his obligations inviolate." KEN YON COLLEGE. 283 Allcr llir li;iii of sccrccv was rciiKivcd liy tlif l''M<'iilly, these hoys, tired with st'ekiiif;' , was sent as a missionary to his native land. Bishop Bedell, while the writer was a student, said this of him. in an appeal for missionary money: "When he reached Shanghai, because of the war here, the Church had no money, and he was asked whether he would engage himself, temporarily, as an employe in a British commercial house, wishing to employ him because he could speak both Knglish and (Chinese. The necessity of this step was deplored, as thus employed he cf)uld gain for himself wealth and influence, and live in ease and iionor in the end. and it would require strong will and great devotion to abstra<'t principle to leave this place. lie received the first year $1,000. and the ("hurch still conhl not send him. The firm increa.sed his wages to 1 2,000. He married a worthy wife, of his race, procured a house, sent to Boston for liirniture, anintee of the Bishop's, stating the circumstances, our resolution, and that no ])ersonal dis- courtesy was meant, but that we had passed this resolution before any appoint- ment had been made; having judiciously allowed this determination to leak out, it resulted that Stone preached our Baccalaureate as originally arranged. After a wiiile, it was whis])ered rounil tlint (iui- President was going to become a Romanist. We indignantly rcinidiated this suggestion, denounc- ing it a vile calumny of the enemy; iind when the tight waxed sd lidt tluil Stone was forced to give his resignation, the students were loud in tlieii- ex- pressions of indignation. At Commencement, upon a complimentary allusion being made to him by one of the Seniors in his speech, it was the signal for a wild cheering by the students. A very annising inciilent imppened just at the end of the Commencement. The speaker, who was of such diminutive stature that the boys said he would have to get on a tub on the platform if he 292 KENYON COLLEGE. wanted to be seen, was walking down the aisle with his father just as the audience was dispersing; in front of them stalked a Professor in Bexley Hall, whose countenance indicated anything but pleasure at what lie considered the untoward incident of the day; the youth had concealed from his father, who was a Clergyman, the fact that he intended to make the allusion in his speech; in rehearsal of it to his father beforehand, he had left that sentence out for fear that he should receive a parental inhibition. The father endeavored to mollify the aforesaid Theological Professor by stating that he was not respon- sible for the incident, in reply to which the irate gentlemen demanded, with a shake of his fist, who was responsible. Up steps my little gentleman, all aflush with excitement, and looks up at the ponderous gentleman whose waist he barely reached, and said, " I am responsible. Dr. B ;" the pertness of which proved too much for the good Doctor, and he retired in silence com- pletely discomfitted. With this incident the writer's knowledge as to personal events at Kenyon ceases; except after the lapse of twenty years, and on his return to a class reunion in 1888, he was pained by a little episode to find still existing, at what we of the College used to call "the other end of the Hill," the evidence of the same narrow-minded spirit which drove James Kent Stone out of the Presi- dency of Kenyon College, and pursuing him still, finally drove him out of the Episcopal Church. Not that I defend Stone. No one was more sorry than I at his foolish perversion, for he thereby justified what his enemies had claimed. He had been elevated to a high dignity at too early an age ; he lacked balance of judgment; he, who taught logic so well, was himself illogical. Certainly his book called "The Invitation Heeded" is about the silliest trash ever put forth. But if he had been treated kindly by his theological critics at the time of his mental waverings, a different result might have happened. At least a dis- graceful theological squabble would have been avoided. The episode to which I allude is as follows, and I mention it in order to make it a basis for one or two remarks as to the future of Kenyon. Morning service was being held in the Chapel prior to the Commencement (1888); at its close the President, who had conducted the service, using, among other things, a prayer for the Institu- tion set forth by authority, announced that the procession would now form to go over to Rosse Hall for Commencement, a procession of Students, Professors, Alumni, Trustees, etc. As it was being formed, I heard a Professor in the Seminary, then just up from his knees, after supposed worship to Almighty God, say in an angry tone to a College Professor, " Is the Theological Faculty included in this invitation?" To which the other replied, " Why, certainly." Whereupon he said, "Why were we left out of the prayer then?" The idea that a Professor of theology at one end of " the Hill " should have been angry because he had not been prayed for by a President at the other end KENYON COLLEGE. -. 293 seemed fo me so in harmony with llie impression tiiat I iuid twenty years Ije- lore earried away as to tlie deleterious influence which Bexley Hall had ever dill'used that I could not but feel tiiat there was one of the reasons why Ken- yon has not pros])ered to a jjreater extent than she has. I remember how another Professor in that Theolofjical Seminary, while I was at Kenyon, had so used his influence against the Church of which he was a presbyter, and whose theology he was teaching, that several of the young men under his influence aljandoned their desire to study for its ministry, and went off, some to the Re- formed Church, some to the Plymouth Bretheren, one into the ranks of the Atlieists. And so I venture to urge, if Kenyon College is ever to do her work in this world as she ought to do it, remove the Thelogical Seminary. And let that "School of the Prophets" find in Columbus, or Cincinnati, or Cleveland a home where it too may grow strong and be largely useful. A country village may ])e a thorougiily good ])lace for collegiate work, but for professional training, whether in theology, or law, or medicine, a city can olfer advantages which cannot elsewhere be obtained. 3nau9uration psalm SUNG AT THE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT TAPPAN, JANUARY 19, 1869. Almighty Lord, our tiearts to Thee, Tlieir happy hallelujahs raise; Tlie tribute of our joy accept, Incline Thine ear to hear our praise. Bless him, bless us, Thy servants all. In heart, in hope, in work, in will; Thy smile the builders' hearts rejoiced. Pour down the Spirit's sunshine still. Fresh blessing.^ from Thy throne descend, Respou.sive to each prayer, we pray; Again Thy gracious help we own, A new song tills Thy courts to-day. Increase our faith, speed swiftly on The new year's work those old years planned; Work in us by Thy love and peace. Work with us by Thy mighty hand. The gift is Thine; we gather here To greet the servant Thou dost send; The welcome his — the praise to Thee, Still ours as once our father's friend. Our praises fold their wings and kneel. The singing thanks fresh grace implore; Still turn, O Lord, the prayers to praise, And Thine the glory evermore. 294 KEN YON COLLEGE. presibcnt Cappan BY HON. JOHN HANCOCK, PH. D. Eli Todd Tappaii was bom in Steubeiiville, Ohio. April 30, 1824. He was the son of Judge Benjamin Tappan, United States Senator from 1839 to 1845. Judge Tappan bore a conspicuous part in the Senate, and was a man of large abilities and inflexible honesty and courage, qualities which descended to his son in a remarkable degree. Dr. Tappan's early education was obtained in the schools of his native town and from tutors employed in his father's family. His higher education was carried on at St. Mary's College, a Roman Catholic institution, located at Balti- more, Maryland. This institution was selected because it was near to Wash- ington, where Senator Tappan then resided, and because of the thoroughness of the instruction it gave, particularly in modern languages, for which young Tappan had a great fondness. Dr. Tappan left the college in 1842, before completing the full course; but he received from it his degree of A. M. in I860. He began the study of the law immediately after leaving college, and before he had attained his majority. This study was pursued in the law office of his father and his father's distinguished partner, Edwin M. Stanton, subse- quently known to the whole world as President Lincoln's great war secretary. Dr. Tappan was admitted to the bar in 1846. He did not immediately enter upon the practice of his profession, but went to Columbus, where he began the publication of a weekly paper called the Ohio Press, the first number of which was issued January 23, 1846, and the last June 30, 1848. In the last named year he began the practice of law in Steubenville, in which practice he continued about nine years. But before he relinquished the law his mind had begun to be powerfully attracted to the profession of teaching, in which he thought he saw the best field in which to labor for the welfare of mankind. In other words, lie had about made up his mind to abandon a calling which holds out to its followers prospects of wealth and high honors, and give his life to a calling which promises neither wealth nor honors. On February 4, 1851, he was married to Lydia L., daughter of Mr. Alex- ander McDowell, of Steubenville. Drawn to each other by congenial tastes and perfect sympathj^, the union was eminently a happy one. The first active part Dr. Tappan took in educational work, of which any record has been found, M^as the delivery of a lecture on "Arithmetic," in Steu- benville, Febiaiary 2, 1854, before a society with the rather formidable name of the " Union Institute of Teachers and P^riends of Education for Jefterson KENYON COLLEGE. 295 and Harrison Counties." In this and subsequent lectures he puts the peda- gogical idea in the chief place, and shows that minute and keen analysis so characteristic of his subsequent work, and a knowledge of the underlying prin- ciples of teaching remarkable for a day when, in this country, the science of methods had scarcely a name. 'J'his association, of the proceedings of which Dr. Tappan has himself left quite a full record, kept up its meetings — doubt- less with great l)enetit to its membership — until October 3, 1857, when its place was taken by another organization called the " Normal Class of Teachers of the (-ity Schools of Steubenville." Of this class, as in the previous associ- ation. Dr. Tappan was the teacher of arithmetic. In December, 18.56, he met for the first time with the Ohio Teachers' Association, at C!olumbus. He at once took an active part in its proceedings, and his interest in the work of the Association never waned to the close of his life. His was always a prominent figure among his fellow members, and his counsels were those of a wise, clear-headed thinker. He began teaching in the fall of 1857, in the Steubenville pul)lic schools, and was lor a short time their Superintendent. In the fall of 1859, he was made Professor of Mathematics in Ohio Uni- versity, at Athens, a position which he filled for a year. He left this place to teach mathematics in the Mt. Auburn Young Ladies' Institute, near Cincin- nati, where he remained until 1865. During this time he wrote his geometry and trigonometry for the Ray series of mathematical text books. September, 1865, he was again called to the professorship of mathematics in Ohio University. This call he accepted, and continued in the pusition until December, 1868. The Board of State Sciiool Kxaniinei's was established by statute in 186-1, and School Commissioner, Dr. E. E. White, appointed Dr. Tappan a member to serve for the term of two years. In 1869, Dr. Tappan was elected President of Kenyon College, which ollice he coiitinued to fill until 1875, at which date he resigned to take the chair of mathematics and political economy in the same institution. He did not close ills connection with the college until he entered upon the duties e measured by money." 298 KENYON COLLEGE. Recollections of Student ^ife bm'mq. Dr. Cappan's Ctbmtnistratton BY CHARLES CLEMENT FISHER, ESQ., '76. Eighteen years ago! Is it possible? Yes — 1872. It seems only a little while since that Sunday evening in June when my eyes first saw Gambier in verdure clad, radiant with the peculiar glory of glowing sunset. Delight in that scene of unexpected beauty almost drove away the emotions of hope and anxiety contending in the mind of the boy brought to entrance examinations. To me college life was an unopened book. I had not even turned its leaves to look at the pictures, or by another heard its story read. The brazen voice of war had called my brothers from the paths of study, casting upon me my good father's last hopes of that thorough scholarship prized but not to be attained by himself. These aspirations have, of course, been disappointed. For to men who have struggled upwards through the poverty and self-denials of pioneer life (he saw General Harrison ride past his father's cabin to a frontier battle-field), the word college is a talisman, an '"open sesame," which ought to grant admittance, not only to the exclusive abodes of learning, but even to the Temple of Fame. Many a fly-specked, dusty diploma proves the fallacy of this belief. While without the help of A. B., the greatest American rose to his just pre-eminence. While speaking of my father, who has recently passed to the rest and reward of a good physician, let me add that his father, who bore a remarkable resemblance in person and character to Bishop Chase, lived many years at Worthington, where he was a warm friend and supporter of the Founder. September found the class of '76 assembled for the first time, a motley lot, uniform not even in their awkwardness at the strange surroundings. No one of them has made a great name in the world, yet they were not bad — ibr Freshmen. Faithful to Kenyon, they were united as a class. Champions in foot ball and l5"ase ball, they counted among their number the best students in the six classes from '73 to '80. Having administered the rites of "Boreday" to two Senior classes, they eluded the effusive but sarcastic honors of that cere- mony now, alas! extinct. This is tlie unique triumpli in the history of those heroes of '76. How the faces rise beibre one! How the names ring in one's ears! Page, facile princeps, sturdy student, faithful friend, nobleman in nature's peerage ! Big " Domine Burrows," tender-hearted Irishman, nightly spread his wings to shelter his fluttering brood from Sophomore hazing. "R. Dyer, Undertaker," derived his title, not from solemn deportment and lugubrious countenance, but KENYON COLLEGE. 299 from his practice of cheering despondent friends with tiie gift of a liand-made coffin. "Business Dunn "hustled about his daily o(M'upations, while " Putty Paul," taking a liint from Ulysses's use of wax, stopped the chapel key-holes so that we might not hear the siren voice of the hell. And this reminds one of McGutiey, the ever-talking, recipient from his father of a C'liristmas present in the form of a neat's tongue. With due credit to after acquired wisdom and self-control, let it be recorded that he now limits his excellent sermons to twenty minutes. The crowning triumph of his college career was not a victory of the tongue. It consisted in climbing up the lightning-rod to the church- tower to ring the bell at sunrise after our class supper. ''Boss" White's official indignation melted under tiie warmth of his generous admiration of that dilficult feat. The envious declared tliat no sober man would, or could, have done it. The list is too long for separate mention of every one, but Ah See and Zu. Soong must not be wholly leit out. The former illustrated the virtues of his adopted religion, on the eve of his departure, by selling his furniture to two diflerent persons, and collecting the full price irom each. The latter so profited by the educational opportunities of Kenyon that the President was justified in saying, "Zu, you have succeeded in forgetting Chinese without learning English." For one reason or another, men dropped out of the class until fewer than half the original number remained. Who would presume to call them ''the survival of the fittest i"' Yet it would be unfair to characterize them with the severity of my little four-year old when she first beheld snakes. In anticipa- tion of a visit to the " Zoo," her curiosity in regard to those reptiles had been excited by an older cousin to great expectations. When they had been found at last, she broke forth in a tone of disappointment and contempt, "These ain't nothing; they're only tails." Day after day, month after month slipped by — days and months of hard work, fireside fun, outdoor sports, midnight adventures, until those who remained saw, with only half pleased eyes, Commencement — our commence- ment at hand. A great occasion we thought it, distinguished from others by the presence of Ruthei'ford B. Hayes, just nominated to be President. Undergraduate timber has, no doubt, more sap than fiber, but it is the true building material for a house of happiness. Matriculation and graduation are its garden walls. Frolic, content, good fellowship dwell therein. Love, in the experience of many besides Henry Esmond, is the pure, unfailing spring of happiness. Far be it from me, who enjoy that blessing in measure far beyond my deserts, to say otherwise. But love is an estate which has charged upon it many a legacy of responsil)ility and solicitude, while college boys know little of atni cura save v.hat they read in Horace. Neither before, nor after, college is one surrounded by conipiinions who have the same pur- 300 KENYON COLLEGE. suits, congenial thoughts and habits, who are in sympathetic touch at every point. This, with, perhaps, the sense of growing power, is the secret of that peculiar .joyous content pervading, like a rich perfume, the student's life. Never again is it experienced. Neither brother, partner, nor life-long friend can share the home; from her husband's daily occupations and exacting busi- ness the most devoted wife must stand apart. For this, if for no other reason, college days are time well spent. Some reader may be a youth impatient to snatch wealth, reluctant to search for that to which there is no royal road nor "vestibuled limited.'" He says, "Does it pay to go to college?" Yes; a thou- sand times, yes. No possible investment will pay a bigger dividend than a collegiate training; the security is perfect: No amount either of business experience or foreign travel can fill its place. While travelling supplements the curriculum, it draws from previous study its true power to confer pleasure and knowledge. No picture, however sketchy, of President Tappan"s administration would be complete without a glimpse of his gifted and accomplished wife, and of the loveliest figure in all the scene, his charming daughter, " The Maid of Athens." Many a Senior sang with unfeigned pathos, " Give, Oh ! give me back my heart." The temptation is great to attempt her portrait, but as she still graces the earth with her presence, it will be better taste, even in this age of "personal journalism," to resist that desire. As a salad, or entree, between the more substantial courses, let me offer two examples of what passes for college humor. The lesson in Latin Prose Composition one day contained the famous dictum of Horace to be turned back into the original, "The poet is born, not made." Just before recitation, one member of the class threw out the remark that it was a great pity the verb facio was not regular; for, if it were, the sentence would be much happier, embodying both reason and rhyme. This jingle caught the ear of one who was more rhymster than student, and, as luck would have it, this very sentence was put to him for oral translation. To the amazement of Prof. Benson and the delight of the class, with an unprecedented confidence he shouted, '"''Pheta nascitur, non facitur?'' " Tossing " had been so vigorously prohibited by the Faculty that it was becoming a lost art at Kenyon, when Sam Johnson contrived a new sport which proved an immense success. A base ball suit stuffed with straw and other substances less succulent than a live Freshman formed a satisfactory substitute for him. A blanket was knotted round the edge with rope, as if real work were meant. The man in the moon must have rubbed his eyes when he looked down upon a band of hideously disguised Sophomores tossing a human form, while shrieks and groans, supposed to issue from the victim, rent the midnight air. This sport continued a long time, to the great KENYON COLLEGE 301 enjoyment of all the college, except the Freshmen, who hid themselves in terror within closets and under beds, yet no Prexy interfered. Tired at last, and convinced that the President was away from home, or had detected our fraud, we were crawling hack to our rooms oppressed with a sense of failure (for the students felt a malicious delight in tormenting Dr. Tappan, and this entertainment was given as his "benefit"), when his form glided upon the campus. As if conscious of deep guilt, we fled in all directions to the con- cealing shadows of woods and walls, leaving him in the open moonlight the cynosure of all eyes. He was unable to catch any malefactor save the* dummy, to which he is reported to have said, in anger-shaken voice, '• Young man, you might as well come out of that woodpile, for I know who you are." Lest disrespect of Dr. Tappan might be inferred from what is here stated, let me hasten to add, that no President of Kenyon College ever labored tor the upbuilding of that worthy institution with greater tidelity, and his whole life was a noble example of Christian character. To him, to Profs. Trimble, Ben- son, Sterling, Strong, and others who ibrmed the learned and devoted Faculty of our time, I owe a debt which can never be paid. Fully realizing how little evidence of their good husbandry has been given, I dare not think what my life would have been without it. God grant that the good seed may still germi- nate, and l)ring tbrth abundant fruit. May old Kenyon continue to hold such wise, faithful teachers. May young men by thousands come to sit at their feet. Good as the old times were, our College must not content itself with pride in its past glory. Rather let it work with greater vigor, keeping abreast with colleges of foremost rank, regarding past achievements as an earnest only of future, greater triumphs. The pressing, practical needs, with the peculiar excellence of the Gambler institutions, are ably set forth by other winters whose eloquent words will serve to preserve this paper, like a fly in a block of amber. But two facts are too vital to be hurt by repetition. Kenyon College offers to students a tlwrougli education. It is a most wortln/ ohjcct of generous endotmnent. In his inimital)le autol)iography, Joseph Jelferson wisely says, " One seldom regrets one's silence upon any sulyect." Brief as these pages are, they contain enough to regret, and show more sins of commission than of omission. Pardon both, for the sake of the motive which induced me to break silence — a desire to stay up hands heavy with holding forth the rod, to give some little help to my good friend. Dr. Bodine, and to my l)eloved Alma Ifater, Kenyon College. 302 KENYON COLLEGE. y.bo HInjmo of an ®I^ freshman to a IlTi^Me C"lac^ CTUimnus BY JOHN JAMES I'lATT. Knad at a banquet given by the Ken3on Association of Cincinnati, in June, 1881, to Hon. Stanlej' Matthews, in honor of his elevation to the Supreme Court of the Unitcil Slates. Tlie elm is green and ghid in leaf — 'Tis June. The season's como again (Ah! homesick Memory's idle grief!) When first I took the Hying train, Where are tlie boys, the boys we knew? Let's call some names. Ah! me, grave men, No doubt, shall answer; "Old boys." True. (Some showed, d'you mind, "the old boy" then.) Fledged from the fond home rest. Renewed Where'er ye wander, wide apart, Mix my dull pang, my eager thrill. On life's rough road, on flowery track, 'Twas noon. When evening fell, 1 stood O fresh of face, O blithe of heart, A boy on Gambler Hill. Come back, come back, come back. Wliat dreams of young ambition bold Stirred my light blood with wings of pride! Webster yet spake. Clay was not cold. And — there were orators untried! Old Kenyon's Genius pointed far. Her sons elect to cross and crown: — "This wears the Soldier's shoulder star, • And this the judge's gown." The Freshman, my old friend, you knew (His case, a printer boy's, was hard). Remained an undergraduate. You Passed an alumnus, happier-starred; Ah! half a life time lies between (The rocket sparkled; here's the stick), I know, yes, yes, what might have been — A thought that cuts the quick! ^'Irmo n'ruimiuc cano: Lo, "Small Latin" — mine's not far to seek: M//IV1' atiih 6f(i (so Homer begins — and ends?), "less Greek!" Well, let me rest content; if you Sucked her full milk, impute no crime; She was my Alma Mater too — Mine, weaned before my time! Good tlesh and blood, I know, some still Draw vital air, with flower ;ind fruit, As when we fought on Gambler Hill The War of Troy, and Ilmm fuit. Ho, Holland! (English church doors, "Here!" Echo; warm friend and Irish bard!) Ho, Chapman, Homans, Sterling! (clear Each answers) ho, Tunnard! " Wc younger brood ;ire getting gr — ," ehv (Speak for yourself, John!) Nonsense! Well, We are not growing younger. Nay, Fear not the wholesome truth to tell. In fresher hearts our pulses beat. Our spent dreams grow and quicken still — Ay, boj'S of ours maj' each repeat The old boy on Gambier Hill! Our joys in them m;iy spring again, Our boyish grief have ebb and flood; They, too, shall take the flying train With quick wings fluttering In their blood. Old Kenyon Genius point them far. Her sons elect to cross and crown — "This wore the soldier's shoulder star. And this the judge's gown." KEN YON COLLEGE. 303 (Lributc to tl]c 0I]io Bisl^ops HV EX-PRESIDENT R. B. HAYES, Lh. D., DELIVERED UPON THE OCCASION OF THE TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE CONSECRATION OF BISHOP BEDELL, IN ST. Paul's church, Cleveland, October 27, a. d. 1884. Mr. President and Friends — Tlie people oi' Ohio liave lieeii very fortii- iiate in their wiiole history, and they count among its most felicitous events tiie fact that the Protestant Episcopal Ciiurch of this Diocese has always had at its head a man of hijxh and rare (|iialilicalii)ns for his inlliiential and responsible office. Sixty-five years ago, Philander I'hase was elected and consecrated the first Bishop of Ohio, and was charged with the duty of planting and extending in this, then new% country, the Protestant Episcopal Church. At that time, . D. Cvnis S. Bnlc-s. I). I). Theodore Sterling, M. I).. 1,1,. I). 1-lavel S. I.uther, A. M. V/illirm T. Colvilk-. A. M, BISIIOl' BEDELL. KENYON COLLEGE. 305 Bi5l]op Bcbell The Eight Rev. Gregory Thurston Bedell, D. D., third Bishoji of the Pro- testant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio, was born at Hudson, New York, on the 27th of August, A. D. 1817, the only son of the Rev. Gregory Townsend and PeneloiJe Thurston Bedell. The father of Bishop Bedell was a man of mark, a clergyman of rare abilities and thorough consecration to his work, who died in 1831, rector of St. Andrew's Church, Philadelphia, in the forty-tirst year of his age. He was never physically robust, and yet " he sus- tained an amount of work which would have seemed remarkable in any man, and in him was marvelous." In Ur. Sprague's " Annals of tlie American Episcopal Pulpit," there is a long letter concerning Dr. Bedell, written by Bishop Mcllvaine. The likeness between the father and son is certainly re- markable, for much of this letter is simply a good description of the saintly Bishop of Ohio. Take such words as these: " He was nuicii indebted for his ability to get through so much with so little wear of mind to his eminent hai)it of order and system. That habit appeared in all things — the smallest and the greatest. All were timed and placed, and came and went in rank and file, and a system once adopted was kept." So again, " He was the. miner that always tbund gold, and knew how to use it for the good of men. He had great skill and power in communicating — what he possessed in his own mind he could impart; what he saw he could make others see. He would place it ill a light so distinct, with such precision of language and felicity of illustra- tion, in sucli simplicity and often so beautifully, as to make him not only intelligible to the meanest capacity, but exceedingly interesting and engaging to all." And so again, " You know he was a very popular preacher, that is, he drew a crowded congregation. But there was nothing like aiming at popu- lar effect — no departure from simplicity, dignity, soberness, or faithfulness, nothing to please men, except as they were well-pleased with what was well- pleasing to God. The way of salvation, with all its connected verities ; the work of grace in the heart and its counterfeits, how well he knew them. There was frequently a genuine eloquence in his preaching, often a very mov- ing pathos as well in manner and word as in thought ; always great impress- iveness of speech and manner. His appearance in the pulpit was much in his favor. * * * Add to these things a voice which was capalile of gre.il effect, and was managed with peculiar skill, exceedingly clear and distinct in its utterances, and giving great expression to his thoughts, and then a delivery so grave and yet so animated, so quiet and yet so forcible, so self-possessed and yet so under the power of the great themes he preached on ; a delivery which 306 KENYON COLLEGE. so perfect]}^ fitted the style of his discourses, and so exactly exhibited him- self." And so, still again, "To a naturally bland, kind, and cheerful spirit, his lively piety imparted an expression of serene enjoyment, which, associated as it always was with the seriousness becoming his high vocation, and the cul- ture and intelligence of the well-educated gentleman, rendered him as accept- able and influential when he met his people at their iiomes as when they met him in his pulpit." Bishop Bedell was an infant when his parents removed to Fayetteville, N. C, in 1818. He was less than five years old when, in 1822, they removed to Philadelphia. When he was still quite a lad he was sent to Dr. Muhlen- berg's school, at Flushing, Long Island, where he remained until he entered Bristol College, from which he was graduated in 1836. This college was located at Bristol, on the Delaware, a few miles above Philadelphia. In 1835 Dr. Stephen H. Tyng wrote concerning it: "From its present course and prospects it may be looked upon, with very great justice and reason, as likely to exercise a more valuable and extensive influence upon the character of the Episcopal Church than any other institution which is connected with it; and the ardent desires and confident expectations of Dr. Bedell and those who united with him in its establishment, promise to be even more than realized in its ultimate efficiency and worth." Notwithstanding these hopeful words this college died in infancy. Sev- eral letters of Dr. Bedell to his son are published in his memoir. In these letters are to be found such golden words as these : "Nothing could give your father and mother greater delight than to know that their beloved and only son was growing up to be a child of God. It would be of little consequence to us to have you a great or a learned man, if we should find you careless about God and indifferent to the salvation of your own soul. What we want you to be, and what we most sincerely pray that you may be, is a good man, loving and serving God. Nothing would be more grateful to my feelings than the idea that at some future day you would be prepared for the high and responsible duties of the ministry." The good father died whilst the son^ was yet a school-boy, but the desire of his heart was to be gratified. His son was graduated from the Theological Seminary at Alexandria, Va., and immediately afterward, on the 19th of July, A. D. 1840, was ordained deacon in St. Andrew's Church, Philadelphia, by his great-uncle, Bishop Moore. He was ordained Presbyter by the same venerable Prelate, on the 29th of August. A. D. 1841. A very interesting account of this latter ordination is printed in Bishop Henshaw's Memoirs of Bishop Moore. The youthful deacon went to work at once at West Chester, Pa. He remained in charge of his first parish for three years, and then accepted a call KENYON COLLEGE. 307 to the rectorship of the Church of the Ascension, New York. Manton East- burn had just resigned this parish to accept the Episcopate of Massachusetts. It was a strong parisli, but became still stronger under the rectorship of Greg- ory Thurston Bedell. Indeed, it came to be regarded as one of the model parishes of the country, thoroughly organized and zealous in all good works. The statistics of the year 1858-59 show contributions amounting to over fifty thousand dollars. In 1859 Dr. Bedell resigned the charge of this parish to accept the duties of Assistant Bishop in Ohio, after sixteen years of happy and most useful labor. He was consecrated Bishop during the General Con- vention which was held in Richmond, Va., in October, 1859, at the same time and place with his old school-friend, Bishop Odenheimer, and Bishops Gregg and Whipple. Bishop Mcllvaine welcomed him most lovingly, and for thir- teen years they worked together as bishops, '' easily, lovingly, deferently, without a jar or jealousy." This is Bishop Mcllvaine's testimony. Bishop Bedell's is equally clear and strong. " My assistantship has been an uninter- rupted source of enjoyment. Every interview with Bishop Mcllvaine has been instructive; every letter from him has been an encouragement; every hour of my association with him has been enjoyment." " I have no anxieties," said Bishop Mcllvaine, "Bedell is a loving son." Bishop Mcllvaine died in March, 1873, when Bishop Bedell became his successor. In 1871 the old diocese was divided. Bishop Bedell electing the northern portion, which retains the old name of Diocese of Ohio. For fifteen years he led his flock gently as sole Diocesan. At. the time of liia conse- cration his old school-father. Dr. Muhlenberg, wrote to him and to Kislioi) Odenheimer, two of his boys, in verse. Among otlier tilings he said: "The Church needs Bishops who can preach As well as rule their Hocks and teach. Like Paul, then, preach, nor aught beside Christ Jesus and Him ciucitied." Bishop Bedell has been faithful to this charge. In the years of his strength he delivered three strong charges to his clergy wliich were printed. Many of his sermons also have been published, among the best known of which are "The Age of Indifference," "Episcopacy; Fact and Law," "The Way of Righteousness, a Railroad Sermon," and "The Con- tinuity of the Church of God," which was preached in 1886, before the General Convention in Chicago. He was selected by the House of Bishops as tlieir delegate to the Venerable Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, upon the occasion of the Centenary Commemoration of the Consecra- tion of the first Prelate of the Protestant Episcopal Church of America, and 308 KENYON COLLEGE. dreached the sermon in St. Paul's Cathedral on June 18, 1884. This ser- mon is also in print. " The Canterbury Pilgrimage " is a bound volume of letters, charmingly written, giving an account of the Lambeth Conference of 1878 and the Sheffield Church Congress." Bishop Bedell's most important contribution to theological literature is "The Pastor," a volume of six hundred pages upon pastoral theology. It is inscribed "To the Memory of My Father," and is a most useful book. It has received th6 highest praise from distinguished men both within and without our Church, and is believed by many to be the best book upon the subject of which it treats that has been written by any clergyman of our communion, either in this countrv or in the mother Church of England. ^enyon on tl^c iiokosing BY WILL S. CREIGHTON, '74. Juvat nieminissc. Hail Kenyon! time-worn, forest-girt! Embowered in green or 'sieged witli snow, About thy walls and through thy halls. With Echo, dwells a Voice that calls Where Memory loves to go. I prithee, say, dost thou recall Our Saturday and Wednesday nights? Our oyster stews, night-shirt reviews. Our war-dance, which none might refuse, And hard-fought pillow fights? Old Kenyon, somber, ivy-clad. Serene thou sittest on thy hill. Around whose base, with winsome grace. The Indian Naiad of the place, Koko.sing, glideth still. Hal tell me not thou hast forgot What time the sleep of stilly night Tlie Baby broke with thunder stroke. And panic-stricken Freshman woke To "soar" in sore affright. Old foster mother, dost recall The legion boys who loved thy name, Who were thine own, but now are flown, Successful some, some overthrown, While some are known to Fame? Remember, Ah! "stone walls have ears,' Perchance a heart, in walls so thick. That loves its own like faithful stone That bides when Time has overthrown All transitory brick. Mother of all, didst love as well Thy roysterers as thy sober men? Farewell. Abide, old Kenyon Hall, In memories lapt upon the hill. What jokes they sprung and songs they sung! While round the steep, through vistas deep, What Bombshells burst! What bells they rung! Dost all come back again! The Indian Naiad plays "bo-peep," Kokosing, gliding still. October, 1881 KENYON COLLEGE. 309 i.ovb ^enyon George, second Lord Keiiyon, was the second son of Lloyd, lirst Lord Kenyon, Lord Chief Justice of England. He was born July 22, 1776, and succeeded to the title and estates in April, 1802, his elder brotlier having died in September, ISOO. (ieorge Kenyon's education was begun at Clieain, in Surrey, under the Reverend W. (iilpin, whom he afterwards presented to the living of Pulver- batch, County Salop. On leaving that school, he was sent as a private pupil to the Rev. W. Jones, of Nayland, a somewhat celeljrated divine. Concerning Mr. Jones, there is an interesting correspondence left, between the first Lord Kenyon and the Archbishop of Canterbury. Lord Kenyon, discovering through his sons that Mr. Jones feared the winter of his life would be troubled by poverty, wrote to the Archbishop urging the claims of so learned a man upon the Church of England. The Archbishop replied that he recognized his worthiness, and that he was glad to be able to offer him a little sinecure, which unfortunately Mr. Jones did not live long to enjoy. On leaving Mr. Jones, Oeorge Kenyon, with his elder brother, went to Christ Church, Oxford, of which college Dr. Cyril Jackson was then Dean. From college the brothers went to study at the bar, as the following note in their father's diary shows: '' 31 July, 1798. My two sons, Lloyd and George, went to tiieir respective Chambers in Lincoln's Inn." George Kenyon eventually became a bencher of the Middle Temple. The death of his eldest son was a terrible blow to Lord Kenyon, and within two years he followed him, having endeavored to perform liis duties as Chief Justice up to the last three months of his life. (ieorge. Lord Kenyon, on February 1, 1803, married his first cousin, Mar- garet Emma, daughter of Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart., of Beftisfield. By her he had two sons : 1. Lloyd, who succeeded him as third Baron. 2. Edward of Maesfen, County Salop, still living, and three daughters: 1. Margaret Emma, married Sir J. H. Langham ; she died, 1829. 2. Marianne, married the Hon. Vice- Admiral Thomas Best; she died, 1866. 3. Peregina, died 1830. Lady Kenyon, died, 1815. By the numerous letters from Lord Kenyon to his wife, which are left, he was evidently of an e.xtremely atiectionate and domestic nature. The loss of his wife at a comparatively early age was to him a great affliction, and pi-oba bly forced his attention on the more serious topics of the day. 310 KENYON COLLEGE. Lord Kenyou was one of the first members of the National Society, and throughout his life was an earnest supporter of the principle of religious edu- cation. He became acquainted with Dr. Andrew Bell, the founder of the Madras system of education, whose portrait by Owen now hangs in the library at Gredington. He (Lord Kenyon) warmly supported Dr. Bell against the denominational principles of Lancaster, and a mass of correspondence still existing shows the interest he took on the subject. Dr. Bell, at his death, made Lord Kenyon his executor. At one time Lord Kenyon had no less than seven schools under his imme- diate supervision, some in London, some in the country; and of such impor- tance did he deem religious education that by his will he entailed on his descendants many subscriptions towards the maintenance of various voluntary schools, and the entire control of one in the immediate neighborhood of Gred- ington. Loi'd Kenyon was a strong Protestant and Orangeman, as his political life clearly shows. For many yeai's he was churchwarden of Marylebone. In political matters, he was what would now be considered an inflexible Tory, although in some matters he showed a liberal discernment of the impor- tance of social improvement, and a recognition of the necessity for remedial measures. It was not, however, until the question of Catholic emancipation came to the front that Lord Kenyon took any very active part in debate. His aversion to this projected measure knew no bounds, and, during the progress of the bill through Parliament, he had more than one passage of arms with the Duke of Wellington, one of which nearly resulted in a duel with that eminent man — of this incident a clever cai'icature was drawn by the well known H. B. (John Doyle). He never could, though not an ungenerous man, forgive the Duke of Wellington his attitude on this question. He was one of the peers who in conjunction with Lord Roden, Lord Eldon, and others, asserted his right to a private interview with George IV. with the view of endeavoring to induce him to withhold the Roj^al assent to the bill. It was in connection with this political episode that Lord Kenyon struck up an intimacy with the Duke of Cumberland, afterwards King of Hanover, which intimacy was maintained until the death of the latter. A very interesting letter still exists at Gredington from the Duke of Cum- berland, relating in terms of great sorrow the sad accident which deprived his son of sight. The letter expresses hope that sight may be restored; such, however, was unhappily not the case. KENYON COLLEGE. 311 An amusing story was related by Lord Chichester to one of Lord Kenyon's descendants, how that he (Loi"d Chicliester) with the Duiie of Cumberland and Lord Kenyon went to visit one of His Majesty's jails. It occurred to them that they would like to try the tread mill. Accordingly they all three stepped up and proceeded to walk up the never ending flight of stairs. After a few minutes, the Duke had had enough, but unfortunately for him, and his iriends, it was impossible to stop the mill until the shortest prescribed task of tifteen minutes had been accomplished. Lord Kenyon was then young and active and was able to tinish his work with some ease. To the Duke, however, wlio was ol' a full habit, the tifteen minutes seemed boundless, and Lord Chi- cliester narrates how a much exhausted Royal Duke eventually regained terra lirma. Lord Kenyon was reported to be the last man in England who wore a pig tail, his sobriquet among his intimates being " Pigtail Kenyon." The story goes that on the passing of the Catholic Emancipation Bill, he was so disgusted that he cut oft' his pig tail, remarking, " that there was nothing left to wear a pig tail for." His strong feelings in church matters brought him into close alliance with many English and foreign bishops. He supjiorted the majority of the English prelates in opposition to the divorce act, on which subject he carried on a spirited correspondence with Lords Brougham and Lyndhurst, whilst tlie support he gave to Bishop Chase was of some assistance in the ibuudation of the college which bears Lord Kenyon's name in Ohio. Lord Kenyon in no matter showed his prescience more than in the strong interest he took in the railway system of England, then in its infancy. He became intimately acquainted with George Stephenson, who paid him more than one visit to Gredington. Lord Kenyon was Chairman of the House of Lords Committee, which sat on the Liverpool and Manchester railway ; one of the earliest portions of the London & North Western Railwaj^ which is now perhaps the chief of all our English lines. The opposition to this bill is graphically described in Smiles's Life of George Stephenson. In 1836, Lord Kenyon had charge of the bill for the London Grand Junc- tion Railway, which bill he successfully piloted through the House of Lords. For this service, the Company presented him with an address, which now hangs at Gredington. In these matters of education and locomotion. Lord Kenyon was ccmsid erably in advance of his times, although in his habits of lile and in appearance he clung to old world manners and fashions. Lord Kenyon died in 1S55, in his eightieth year. He was buried at Hanmer, near Gredington, in which line old church he erected monuments to 312 KENYON COLLEGE. his father, his mother, and his wife. These, ahis, were all destroyed by the fire, ■which consumed so much that was interesting and beautiful, on Febru- ary, 3, 1SS9. This rough and hurried sketch is quite unworthy of its subject, but the material to draw from is not great, the papers being mostly of a domestic character. A long life, well spent, which left its mark on the country side of Wales for many a year, left in the example it carried perhaps the best of his legacies to his descendants. Although of a somewhat hasty temperament, his genuine good heart and evident love for his fellow man endeared the name of Kenyon to all around him. xit Gredington, October, 1S90, this short memorial is put together by his great grandson. KENYON. Christian love — when making gifts during life, or providing for legacies payable after death — will not content itself with less than a generous percen- tage or income or estate. This percentage should be measured by a sense of obligation to Christ, and of each one's bounden duty to relieve the sorrows and needs of that distressed humanity which Christ redeemed with His precious blood; for Christ has left the amelioration of these woes to tlie conscience and charity of his followers. If it be said that it is wiser to complete one's charities during life, whilst they can be properly guided and guarded, the answer is obvious. Certainly, let every possible provision of benevolence, or beneficence, be made whilst one's will and generositj' can control it. But, unless a Christian can do some of loving supererogation, I do not see how the meeting of all possible right- eous or charitable claims on his income during life will compensate ibr a neglect to contribute a just share of his property to meet such claims on Jiis estate, after he is dead. It is well to trust one's heirs, that they will do their duty; but it is safer and wiser to do one's duty for oneself; and not to impose an obligation on otliers to which they may possibly be reluctant. In this peculiarly reckless and improvident age, when nothing is more noteworthy than -the melting away and xitter dissipation of great estates, after the death of an accumulator, it would seem as if no argument were needed to enforce this subject. The grand charities of the world, glorious intellectual treasures, libraries, schools, universities, are chiefly the results of legacies. Some few persons in our day have set a noble example by such endowments while living. Great souls! They ennoble their generation. But this is sel- dom possible. In tlie providence of God our age and our churcli must wait nntil its children pass from this stage before we shall see great charitable or educational foundations firmly and generously laid. It must result from ^^^'"'^^''- BISHOP BEDELL. KKNYON COLLEGE. 313 ^orb (Bambier. Gambiei- (James, baron) was a distinguished Britisii Admiral, born in 1156, in tile Bahama Islands, where his father was then Lieutenant-Governor. He went to sea at an early age, and in 1778 was promoted to the rank of post- captain, and appointed to the command of tlie Raleigh^ 32. In tliis frigate he was engaged in repelling the Frencii attempt upon Jersey, January (5, 1781, and afterwards proceeded to the coast of America, and assisted at the reduc- tion of Charleston, in Soutii Carolina. At the commencement of tiie war with France, in 1793, he was appointed to the Defence^ 74, under Earl Howe, and greatly distinguished himself, especially on the 1st of June, 1794, when the Defence was the first vessel that cut througli the enemy's line. He was soon after nominated a colonel of marines; in the winter of 1794 he took the com- mand of the Prince George, '.^H\ and on tiie 1st of .June, 1795, he was advanced to the rank of rear-admiral. On the "Jd of Marcli, in tiie same year, he was appointed a commissioner of the Admiralty. In August, 1799, he attained the rank of vice admiral, and in 1801 he was appointed third in command of the Channel fleet, and hoisted his flag on board the Neptune, 98. In the spring of 1802 he proceeded to Newfoundland as (Jovernor of that island, and comman- der-in-chief of the squadron employed for its protection. In July, 1807, he was entrusted with the command of the fleet, sent with troops under Lord Cathcart, to Copenhagen, to demand possession of the Danish navy. On the 2d of September, the British commanders summoned the Danish general, for the last tiine, to surrender the s]iij)s of war on conditions; but the Danish otlicer, (Jeneral Peymann, persisting in iiis refusal, the batteries and bomb- vessels open their Are with such efl'ect, that in a short time the city was set on tire, and was kept in flames in diflerent places till the evening of the 5th, when the enemy capitulated, and all the Danish ships and vessels of war, consisting of nineteen sail of the line, twenty-three frigates and sloops, and twenty-flve gun-ljoats, with the stores in the arsenal, were delivered up, and were conveyed to England. During the whole of this siege the number of killed, wounded, and missing, on the part of the British, did not exceed 251» men. Admiral (iambier was immediately created a baron of the United Kingdom; he was olfered a pension of 2,000/., which he declined. In May, 1808, he retired from his seat at the Admiralty, on being appointed to the command of the Channel fleet. He had compiled a code of signals for the navy, and also drew up the (Jeneral Instructions for the direction and guidance of naval oflScers in the internal discipline and government of the King's ships. In April, 1809, a detachment of the Channel lleet attacked a French squadron in the Ai.\ 314 KENYON COLLEGE. Roads, and destroyed La Ville de Varsovie, 80, Tonnerre^ 74, Aquilo7i, 74, and Calcutta, 56, besides driving several others on shore. A difference of opinion respecting the practicability' of destroying the remainder of the enemy's squadron was jDroductive of a misunderstanding between the commander-in- chief and Lord Cochrane, who had the command of the fire-ships ; and Lord Gambler, in consequence, requested a court-martial to investigate into his con- duct, and he was most honourably acquitted. He retained the command of the Channel fleet until 1811; and on the 30th of July, 1814, he was placed at the head of the commissioners for concluding a peace with the United States of America; the first meeting for which took place at Ghent, on the 8th of August; the preliminaries were signed at the same place on the 24th of December, and ratified at Washington, Febuary 17, 1815. Lord Gambler was nominated a Grand Cross of the Bath on the 7th of June following. At the ascension of William IV., he was advanced to the rank of admiral of the fleet. He died on the 19th of April, 1833, at his house at Iver, near Uxbridge. Lord Gambier was an officer of dittusive benevolence, and of great and unaffected piety, and he labored, as is well known, with earnestness and suc- cess, to promote religious feelings and observances among the seamen under his command. Professor €&rDarb (£. Benson BY PROF. G. C. S. SOUTHWORTH. It is fitting that a life of activity, and devotion, should have a perma- ment record, particularly when that life has been associated with the old world as well as the new, and has been' consecrated to liberal studies from first to last. We owe to England much of the energy, and intelligence of our people : Edward Close Benson, was born at Thorne, in Yorkshire, April 26, 1823. His father, Mr. John Benson, was a barrister who early directed the minds of the family toward the intellectual life, nor did he neglect the improving influence of travel, for in 1830, the son was present at the opening of the railway line between Manchester and Liverpool. In 1833, Mr. John Benson resolved to remove to America, and in the same year the family were temporarily established at Niagara. There they re- mained while the father traveled extensively through the West in quest of a home. In 1834 the family joined him in Cincinnati, and proceeded with him to Albion, Edward Couiity, 111., where the succeeding year was spent. At KENYON COLLEGE. 315 Albion an ingenious vehicle was constructed, which has been described as " a house on wheels," and in this the family traveled over a large part of the State, till they selected Peoria I'or their abode. Many were the privations endured during his pioneer life, and the fact is worthy of note that on their arrival at I'eoria (such was the scarcity of provisions) Mr. John Benson paid the sum of fifteen dollars for the last barrel of Hour in the place. At Peoria a house was begun, but before its completion that father who liad braved so many dangers in order to establish his family in peace and com- fort, lost his life by the accidental discharge of liis fowling-piece. Tlie family were left alone in a strange land. In 1837, Bishop Chase visited Illinois, and his words inspired the sub.ject of this sketch, then fourteen years old, with the ardent desire to enter Kenyon College. This resolution remained strong tiirough years of hope deferred, dur- ing a residence at Galesburg, 1S42-3, during a journey to Louisville whence ills steps were directed to Louisiana, where his work as an instructor of youth was prosecuted, both in a parish school, and in families of wealthy planters. The year 1846, witnessed young Mr. Benson at Kenyon College as a member of the Sophmore Class : His hopes were realized. He graduated in 1840, and spent another year as instructor at West Baton Kouge; but in 1850, he entered the Divinity School at Gambier, and was appointed tutor in Kenyon CV)llege. The next -year he became principal of the new private school for l)oys. called Harcourt Place Academy. Ordained a deacon in 1858, the Rev. E. C Benson, went again to West Baton Rouge, and took cliarge of tlie parisli rendered vacant by the dealii of his old friend, the Rev. A. Lamon. In consequence of the failure of his voice, Mr. Benson was compelled to cease from preaching regularly, and in the spring of 1854, came again to the Harcourt School, where he remained until, in ISdS, he accepted the professorship of the Latin language and literature in Kenyon College. Since that time I'rofessoi' Benson has la))ored with unlailing energy and devotion in the discharge of the duties pertaining to his chair; and as gradu- ates of Kenyon return to their Alma Mater they gratefully and affectionately testify to the influence of the Professor, not only upon their minds, but also upon their characters, and their lives. To employ his own words: Professor Benson is a "child of Kenyon College," and his efforts to-day are tireless as at the first to promote the usefulness, and advance the dignity of this honored seat of learning. ,316 KENYON COLLEGE. X)ar»t5 Davis The Hon. Walter Q. Gresham recently remarked that he had never known any man who more nearly approached his ideal of the perfect Judge than Judge Davis. He spoke ol' him as possessed of a strength of mind which enabled him to .judge, concerning any matter which he had carefully weighed, with a wisdom which was well nigh infallible. He spoke also of his absolute incorruptibility, and declared that to the State and Nation the services of such a man were of largest value. He dwelt especially upo7i the mighty power which he wielded through his character upon young men at the bar, andupon others wherever he was known. Such words, coming from Judge Gresham — liimself a lawyer of the iiighest reputation and aliility — are words of praise indeed. It is well known that Judge Davis and Abraham Lincoln were intimate friends, and that Mr. Lincoln's nomination for the Presidency of the United States was largely brought about through the wise efforts and management of David Davis. The following letter, written by Judge Davis, is of special interest to Ivenyou's sons : United States Senate Chambeb, Washington, D. C, October 28, 1881. Gentlemen — Among the many Hattering felicitations which it has been ray good fortune to receive since being elected President of the Senate, none has touched raj"^ feelings so intimately as your expression of good will on behalf of the Kenyon College Alumni Association, of Chicago. The affectionate testimonial will always be cherished with the most valued souvenirs of my public career. I am sure it will heighten the satisfaction of every friend who joined in it to know that this honor came to me wholly unsought and unexpected, and that I prize it chiefly because no form of party or personal obligation was attached to its acceptance. Be pleased to present my grateful acknowledg- ments to all the Alumni for the generous courtesy, and believe me to be, Fraternallv and faithfullv, DAVID DAVIS. Judge Davis was always glad to acknowledge the benefits he received from his Kenyon training. His extraoi'dinary strength of natural understand- ing was a gift from God, but it is certainly well for his country that his gifts were developed and his career of large usefulness made possible through the wise and ennobling culture he received in a " back woods " college. KENYON COLLEGE. 317 Humber of Stubcnts "i^cnyon dollege" TEAK Sehi- K4BY COLI-K«E Gbaii. 8. and transferred to the JJiocese in 184<^). After varying fortunes and man^' emV>ar- 5 IS KENYON COLLEGE. rassments, in 1S70 the property was surrendered to the trustees of the Town of Shelbyville. 2. Kemper College, Missouri. This College was started by Bishop Kem- per in 1836. Soon after the consecration of the first Bishop of Missouri, Bishop Hawks, it was found necessarj' for him to go East " to endeavor to secure means with which to save the projierty, but in vain ; and in November, 1845, a property belonging to the Church, which Bishop Kemper had secured with the most anxious elfort, and intended to be the best monument of his Episcopate, was sold for a debt of 1 1(3,000." It is now within the limits of the City of St. Louis, and is worth more than half a million dollars. Bishop Robertson declares that its loss was one of the greatest calamities which the Church in the West has ever received, and that Bishop Kemper to the end of his life could never speak of the loss without tears in his eyes. 3. Jubilee College, Illinois. This was Bishop Chase's venture of faith at Robin's Nest, near Peoi'ia. It was fairly successful for a time, but long ago ceased to do collegiate work and is now abandoned. 4. St. PauPs College, Long Island. Here the great Dr. Muhlenberg lab- ored, and his influence for good went all over our land, but his College died in its infancy. 5. Bristol College, Pennsylvania. Great things were expected of this College — Bishop Bedell is one of its graduates — but long ago it ceased to live. 6. Burlington College, New Jersey. This College was founded by Bishop Doane, a man of wonderful gifts, and great enthusiasm. Between 1850 and 1860, ten College classes were graduated. But, after the later date, it was found necessary to suspend the collegiate department. 7. St. James College, Maryland. For this College Bishop Whittingham toiled mightly, and under the rectorship of Dr. Kerfoot, afterwards Bishop of Pittsburgh, it did useful Collegiate work. But it perished amid the strife of the civil war and, to the great grief of many loyal Churchmen, has never been revived. The buildings are now used by a private school for boys. 8. St. Pauls' College. Palmyra, Missouri. For a dozen years before the great civil conflict this institution prospered. But then, naturally, it declined, and the property was sold; to be repurchased, however, in 1869. In 1882 its doors were closed. 9. Nebraska College, Nebraska. This grew out of a boys school estab- lished by Bishop Clarkson. By its constitution it was a College of the Church in the Diocese of Nebraska, empowered to confer the usual degrees. The bachelor's degree in course was conferred upon only two students, but honor- ary degrees were widely scattered. In 1885 it ceased to exist; its property was sold under mortgage to pay its indebtedness, and its Board of Trustees disbanded. KENYON COLLE(iE. 319 10. (jriswold CollesPi Iowa. For lliis ( 'ollejit' Hisliop Lee toiled licroic- ally. It lias sujierior l)iiil(lini:s. ami sdinc ciiildwincnl. hut its ( 'oilciiiatc (lei)artineiit is no loniicr in opei-alion. 11. Ilaciiie Collefje, Wisconsin. 'I'linl Iimh- Knij;iit of the Cross, James DeKoven, save tlic strciiiitli of his iilc lor the iiphnildinfi ol' this school, and hoped and prayed tjial it ini^hl ki"ow into a '• C!linrch University lor the West and Northwest." It has now, in its ])re])aratory dejiartmenl, a small nnrnher of hoys under ellicieni instrnclion, liiil the Colleiiiale de]iarluienl lias been snsjxMided. Nothinj; is here said of such Ncnini-es as I-tishop Hopkins" .\caileniical and Theological Institution, known as the N'ermoiit Episcopal Institute. Nor is any mention made of William and Mary ('ol]ej;e in Virginia. With the exception of Harvard College, William and Mary is the oldest American Col- lege, and was oncse our richest College. The (Jeneral Assemldy of Virginia asked Cor it a royal endowment "to the end that the (Jhurch of \'iiginia may lie furnished with a Seminary of Minist(M-s of the (iospel, and thai I lie youth may he |)iously educated in good letters and manneis, and tiial llie ('hristiaii faith may be propagated amongst the Western lndiall^ lo liie glory of Almighty God." For a long series of years "the presidency of the (College and the primacy of the Chnrch of Virginia were re])resented l>y one and tiie same man," whilst during and afler the revolution, I he tirsi Bisiio]) of \'irgiiiia, Bishop Madison, was President. His was a long period of service, from 1777 to 1812. Bishop Johns was President from 1S4!) to 1854. To-day its halls are desolate. The old (College bell rings only once a year. To the earnest Churchman, who is interested in higher education, the story of what the Church has done in the Inited States for this great cause is not particularly encouraging. But surely something can be learned from past mistakes. A distinguished educator, widely known throughout the Church, has said truly that ''more than sixty years of experience has shown that there is some fault in our methods by which many ])romising enterprises have perished, and those which survive have attained no growth commensurate with their age; whilst the Colleges of other Churches have been founded and grown strong by our side." Our Colleges should have a larger const it nency than that belonging toany one Diocese. If they are controlled by a Diocese they will, at times, be the foot ball of small Diocesan politicians, nor can they have the stability essential to their large development and growth. Surely the time has come for their emancipation. Whenever they are allowed to become mere appendages to a j)articular lOpiscopate, unsatisfactory results must inevitably follow. 320 KENTON COLLEGE. Ct^e dt^urct^ llntperstty 3oar6 of Hcgcnts The following joint resolution was unanimously adopted by the General Convention in St. George's Church, New York, October 15, 1889 : Whereas, This Church, by the action of the General Convention, can give encouragement to her schools, colleges, academic and theological institu- tions, inviting their co-operation, securing help in their behalf, and advancing the educational interests of the Church ; Resolved, The House of Bishops concurring, that a body to be known as The Church University Board of Regents be constituted as follows : Three members of this Church shall be appointed by the Committee of the House of Bishops on Christian Education, three more by the committee of the House of Deputies on Christian Education, and one more by the two Committees on Christian Education, acting jointly, the last-named Regent to serve as Advo- cate in awakening and securing the interest and assistance of the Church. These seven Regents may elect five more, but the total number of Regents must not exceed twelve. They may appoint an Advisory Committee to further the educational interests of schools, colleges, academic and theological institutions of the Church. The Board shall have two chief functions : First. To promote education under the auspices of the Church, and Second. To receive and distribute all benefactions that may be entrusted to it. It shall report to the next General Convention a detailed scheme of organization and operation. The Regents appointed under this resolution shall continue in office until the next General Convention, or until their suc- cessors ai'e appointed, and shall have power to fill vacancies ad interiin. The Regents are : The Bishop of Albany, Chairman, thee Bishop of Minnesota, the Bishop of Tennessee, Rev. Dr. Morgan Dix, Rev. Dr. D. H. Greer, Rev. Dr. W. R. Huntington, Rev. Dr. E. N. Potter, Advocate: Messrs. Henry Coppee, Henry Drisler, Samuel Eliot, W. P. Johnston, G. W. Van- derbilt. The following is extracted from the full and favorable reference to this sub- ject by the Bishop of Albany in his address : " The General Convention has taken a long and wise step in advance, it seems to me, in the creation of the Church University Board of Regents. The strong and stirring words of this year's pastoral letter are in the same line of emphasizing and impressing the importance of Christian Education, upon the Church's' plan. Hitherto the two Houses have had each its own Committee '- / ' KEN VON COLLEGE. 321 on Christian Education. Sometimes, within recent, years, these two Com- mittees have met in joint session, and tiiree years ago, they were permitted to sit together during the recess of the General Convention. Out of this really lias grown the present important movement. It was proposed by the Presi- dent of Ilobart College, and virtually decided upon at a meeting of Christian Edur'ators called, winter before last, under the auspices of the two Committees. "The purpose of this Church University Board of Regents is "to give encouragement to Church Schools and Institutions of higher learning, and by a central Boaid lo invite their co-operation, secure the help of Churchmen and others in tlu'ir behalf and promote the educational interests of the Church.' It is to do ibr education, what Boards have done for Missions, to focalize and concentrate and intensify intei'est. It is to do for our own Schools and Colleges, what the Boards of Education, in the Presbyterian Church, for instance, have done nobly and generously for their Schools. And the impor- tance of it cannot be overrated, if one remembers what large numbers of Church children are educated in Roman Catholic or other denominational Institutions, or in Institutions with no religious training, or let it be said with shame, in Institutions whose strong and scarcely concealed drift is irreligious if not infidel. When one sees what really large amounts of money have been given by Churchmen in the past, to sustain Schools over whose religious inter- est, to say the least of it, the Church has no control, it is a matter of most serious interest, that something should be done to unify and illustrate and emphasize the strong value of Christian training on the Church's lines." CTn 3ntcrc^tincs €6ucational llTorcmcnt Editorial in tlie New York Triljune.] Elsewhere will be found an interesting account of a hopeful educational movement, which has been recently started in the Episcopal Church. A body, known as the Church University Board of Regents, was created by the last General Convention, whose function it is to promote a higher and broader scholarship in the Episcopal Church. The Board will aim to accomplish this, first, by holding special examinations, at which the students in the various denominational colleges will l)e entitled to compete. To those who success- fully attain a certain percentage, a resident fellowship, or a traveling scholar- ship, worth five or six hundred dollars a year, and good for a term of j^ears, will be awarded. The holder of a fellowship will pursue a post-graduate course at some ximerican college, while the holder of a scholarshi]) will pursue 322 KENYON COLLEGE. a similar course at a foreign university. Possibly, also, the Board niiiy decide to grant degrees to graduates of colleges, who successfully pass a prescribed examination. The second object of the Board is to act as the educational working arm and eye of the Church, in planting new institutions of learning and sustaining those that already exist and deserve to succeed. Strange as it may seem, in spite of the high average intelligence of its members, the Episcopal Church is weak in its educational institutions. They cannot be compared with similar institutions in other Christian bodies, in either financial strength or high scholarship. This has been largely due to the fact that the Church has hitherto possessed no comprehensive scheme of education. The building and support of schools and colleges has rested entirely with dioceses or individ- uals. This has resulted in the establishment of many institutions, for which there was no real need, and for which also there was no support. In this way large sums of money have lieen virtually wasted. The Church has, indeed, a few excellent denominational colleges, Inil they have little more than a local representation, and Episcopalians genenilly take only a languid interest in them. The scheme which this University Board of Regents has mapped out appears to be an excellent one, and to deserve the cordial support of all Epis- copalians. Ultimately, it contemplates the consolidation of all the denomina- tional colleges into one or more great universities, with the power to grnnt degrees vested in the Board of Regents. Local pride and sectional jealousy may stand in the way of this consolidation for many years; but if the laity generally will heartily support the new movement, there is little doubt that the colleges will gradually fall in line. While this may mean the elimination of some institutions, and the absorption of others, it will vastly increase the strength and efficiency of those that will remain, and raise the standard of sound scholarship throughout the Church. The aims of the Board are in line with a marked tendency of the age, which is to have fewer and better colleges. There is no room- for doubt that the undue multiplication of struggling col- leges in this country has been detrimental to the interests of education; not, however, because they are small, but because they have no real reason for being, and because, also, their standard of scholarship is necessarily low. Any movement, therefore, which looks to a reform in this matter deserves the sym- pathy and aid of all who desire to promote sound learning and broad scholar- ship in American institutions of learning. KENYON COLLKGE. 323 G Suggestion from i)on. Cnbrsw I>. IDfjitc, €€. D., Krom the North American Review, October, 1890.] How can the Iransition from the present chaos (o a well ordered separa- tion between tlie Colleges and Ihiiversities, in whidi each sliall discharge its a])propnate function, be best accomplished i^ Let institutions of small endowment, whether called colleges or univer- sities, frankly take their rightful position; let them stop claiming to do work which their authorities know well that they cannot accomplish in competition with the largely-endowed universities. Let them accept the situation, and begin with their Ireshmen year two years earlier than the present freshman year at most of the better colleges — that is, let them put their roots down into the great pulilic school system of the country, and draw directly and copiously from it. A course of instruction thus formed would I)egin witii the beginning of the higher arithmetic, algebra, geometry, the principal modern languages, the elements of the natural sciences, and, for those who wish to study them, one or more of the ancient languages. Next, let this course in the intermediate college be continued up to the point which is at present reached, as a rule, in our colleges and universities of a good grade at the beginning oi' tiie junior year. After its four years' work, let the (Jollege bestow its diplo- mas or certiticates upon its graduating classes, and then let those who desire it be admitted into the universities upon the presentation of these certificates and diplomas. Next, ;is to the universities. In these let there be courses of advanced study, general, professional, or technical, covering, we will say. three years, and graduating men into the various professions. Should this system be evolved, the United States will have a system of instruction as good as any in the world; indeed, in some respects lietter than any other in the world. As to the intermediate colleges, the earliest el]c<'l upon tlieiu would l)e to give them a far larger number of students tiian they have now, and, therefore, more ample means and a far stronger hold u|)on the community. Those great freshman ami sophomore classes which swarm in upon Harvard, Yale, Prince- ton, the University of Michigan, Cornell, and other large universities, would Ik- divided among these intermediate colleges, for under the proposed system students could not, as a rule, enter tlie larger universities save through the intermediate colleges. These intermediate colleges would thus be called lo do the work which they can do thoroughly jvell. 'J'hey would have no need of great laboratories, or extensive libraries, or complicated collections, or rooms equij)])ed for "seminary'' instruction; they would be training colleges, their main need being good professors, moderate libraries, simple illustrative apparatus, and such collections as are needed for the instruction generally given up lo the beginning of the junior year in our colleges. ?24 KENYON COLLEGE. Bisl^op rinccnt. BY REV. GEORGE HODGES, PITTSBURGH, PA. Boyd Vincent, Doctor in Divinity, nnd Assistant Bishop of the Diocese ol Southern Ohio, spent the whole ol' liis ministry as a priest — except the two earliest years of it — in one parish, Calvary Parish, Pittsburgh. He was born in Erie. Pennsylvania, in 1845, and was dowered at (he start with the heritage of a good ancestry. His father was a manufacturer and banker of that city, a man well-known (hroughont his diocese as an active, gen- erous, and intluential Churchman. He studied at Erie Academy, and was graduated with honor al Yale in the Class of "67. His theological studies were carried on at Berkeley, where he completed his course in 1871. In the same year Bishop Keribot ordained him to be diacouate, and he began his ministry as assistant to the Rev. J. F. Spalding, then rector of St. Paul's, Erie, and now Bishop of Colorado. The little Mission of Cross and Crown, connected with St. Paul's, was the field of Vincent's first ministerial work. He had already done service (here as lay-reader and Superintendent of the Sunday School. In 187'2, he was advanced to the priesthood by Bishop Kerfoot, in St. Paul's Church In 1874, Calvary Church, Pittsburgh, was without a rector. The parish was in a critical condition. The Rev. Mr. Wilson, its former rector, a man of unques- tioned ability, earnestness, and devotion, resjjeeted and beloved by all his KENYON COLLEGE. 325 congi-ofialinii, liail felt il liis duly (o wilhilniw rrmii tlic iiiiiiisi it ol I he Cliuivli, ,111(1 to f^ivi' liis strciifitli ami hinisell' lo tlie new iiiovomfiil (lor wliicli f^roul tilings were then lioiicd), wliicli was led by Bislioj) (Jiininiiiis. Me. Wilson had resigned his rectorshi|) and organized a JJelornied Kjiiscopal congregation made up of his followers i'roni tiie Parish (Jhiircli. 'I'iicy had Imill a litlle nieefiiig-hoiise, a stone's Ihrow IVoiii ('alvary. Mvcry t liiiiL^ was in di'|)loralilc conlusion. It was at tills jnncliire tiiat Bisho]) Kerloot told the Calvary vestry that the man they needed lived in Krie, and that his name was \'ineciil. 'i'he \('stry followed the Bishop's advice, and Vincent accej)ted IIk; I'orlorn reclor- sliip. At once, things began to change. >Se])aration ceased. People itegan to come hack and get in their old jilaces. The Rev. !\Ir. NVil^oii was i ailed to a new held, and accepted the call. .And, ikjI Ion;: alter, the little Keriirmed K])isco])al Church had three or tniir pari itiiui^ put acro>-s it, and was iMrned into li tenement house. Mr. Vincent was re<'tor of Calvary for fourteen years. They were years of steady growth, unhnjken harmony, and prosperity. When the rector was called to the episcojjate, the Church had si.x Iniiidred and lifteeii communi- i.iiits. Il included three missions; one of whiili, Iwn miles finm the Parisii Church, was holding full independent service, with a communicant list of one hundred names; two of which have since become self-supporting j)arishes. 'I'he rector was aided by two assistants, 'i'he parish was thorougiily organized for work. 'I'iie Parish (Juild Iiad between three and four hundred members. There were between seven and eight hundred chihlren in the Sunday Schools. The little broken parish had grown, under wise leadership, to be the foremost parish in the Diocese, in zeal, in numbers, and in good works. Mr. Vincent declined several calls during his rectorshij), notably one to St. Lukci's, (iermantown, as successor to Dr. Vibberl, and another to the ('hurcli of the Redeemer, Brooklyn, as successor to his friend, Dr. Leonard, now Bishop of Ohio. He was twice elected Deputy to the Ceneial Conven- tion, in ISH.S and in 188(!. Bishoj) Vincent has the gift of attracting peojile's alfection. At Calvary (!luirch, everybody loved him, rich and poor, in I he ])arish and out of the par- ish, lie has always especially approved liimself to the esteem and contidence of men, a strong, clear-headed, sensible, manly man. Bisho]) Vincent, in the years of his reclorshiii at (Calvary, was known as a preacher of good, reasonable, genuine religion, whose sermons were meant to give men si)iritual hel]). His slrenglh was in his frank, out-spoken, allection- ate, and faithful spirit, and in his singularly wise and accurate judgment. He knew how to direct. He knew how lo get the best work and service out of everybody. As for his Churchmanship he has always been on the side of the (nnirch, caring more for great truths than for lillle ones, hospitable to new truth, wide-minded, never petty nor narrow in anything. He was consecrated Bislio]) in St. Paul's Church, Cincinnati, on St. Paul's Day, 1889. 326 KENYON COLLEGE. ^ist^op iconarb William Andrew Leonard, Doctor in Divinity, iburtli Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese ol' Ohio, was born at Southport, Conn., July 15, 184S. He was educated at riiillips Academy, Andover, Mass., at St. Stephen's College, Annandale, N. Y., and at the Berkeley Divinity School, Middletown, Conn. He owes much to (he instructions and influence of Bishoj) Williams, by whom he was ordained Deacon, May 31, 1S71, and Priest, July 21, 1872. His diaconate was spent at (he Churcli of the Holy Trinity, Brook- lyn, New York, of which Church his father had been for many years a War- den, and the Rev. Dr. Charles 11. Hall the great and noble Rector. From 1872 to 1881 he was Rector of the Church of the Redeemer, Brooklyn, where he was very successful in his work. In 1881 he became Rector of St. John's Church, AYashington, D. C, in which position his work attracted national attention. He was consecrated Bishop in St. Thomas's Church, New York, October 12, 1889. For the Church in the State of Ohio, and for the educational work at Gambier, it is certainly a cause for gratitude that Bishops Vincent and Leon- ard have been, for many years, devoted friends,' so that they can readily pull together as " true yoke-fellows." In his Convention address for 1890 Bisho]) Vincent said : '' Bisho}) Leonard is so well known that I need hardly do more than remind you of the Church's great gain in his coming among us. My very special congratulations go out to the Diocese of Ohio upon their securing such a Bishop. His manliness of character, his spiritual earnestness, his tire- less energy, his thorough methods of work, his long experience of men and aflairs, in one of the largest and most influential of our parishes, all qiialify him highly for his new and responsible position. Perhaps I may be permitted here, too, an added reference to the peculiar pleasure I have personally in his call to Ohio, from the fact that we were seminary classmates, and have always since been intimate personal friends. It seems a very gracious providence which, after many pleasing coincidences in our lives, should have placed us here together, flnallv side bv side." KENION COLLEGE. 327 Her. CTIfrcb 'Biakc, D. D., anb i7arcourt place 5cl)ool AHVcd Ulake was l)orii at Keeiie, New llaini)sliii'p, October 27, 1809, and (lied a( ( iaiiihior, January 80, ls77. He was a Kenyoii graduate, ol' t lie class ol' 1.S2!). His liCe tliereal'ler was spent as a teacher and guide of youth, and as a minister ol' the religion ol' Jesus Christ, to all sorts and conditions of men. In \s:,\ he was led seriously to consider whether lie ought not to give uji his worii ill ( 'iiiciiiuati, where he was connected with Christ Church, and doing iiinst ialiorioiis work as Cily Missioiiar\-. Some mciiilici-s (if llial congregation had come to know his gl■(^•ll worth, and were anxious fo rchiiii liim. 'J'liey lirsl oll'crcil him a horse and liiiggy to aid him in his iinliring iahors, and when thai oH'cr was declined, they iiro|iosc'd to gi\c him a iioiisc, an. I tiial outright, as a lokcii of their appreciation. He traiikly told (hem I hat lie did mil care lo own a house in Cincinnati, liiit thai he wouhl like greatly to own a iioiise in ( iamhier, and to open there a l'a;iiily school for hoys. He was not without experience as a teacher even then, for si.\ years of his lite had been given lo 328 KENYON COLLEGE. the charge of Miliior Hall, in association with his brother-in-law, Eev. Norman Badger ; and Gambler was, to him, the best loved spot on earth. It so hap- pened that the old home of Bishop Mcllvaine was vacant, and for sale. It was not difficult to agree upon a price. So the property, consisting of the house and an acre and a half of land, was generously bought and presented to Mr. Blake by his Cincinnati friends. This was the first land ever sold in Gambier. As prosperity came to him, he increased the size of his property until it finally embraced thirteen acres. On the 1st of May, 1852, he opened Harcoui't Place School, with fourteen Cincinnati boys, and for twenty-five years thereafter the School was not without some Cincinnati repi'esentatives. One, thoroughly well qualified to express a true judgment, has written: " Having at last found his life work, his happy, genial, lovable nature made a Christian home for his pupils, a home full of brightness and good fellowship, which they could never in after years forget. His limit was twenty-five boys, and he taught each of them that he was trusted as a young gentleman, and his word accepted until he should be proven to be untrustworthy. If deceived stern justice rose within him, and the strong i-ight arm of that kindly man firmly dealt with the offender, or the gentle voice told him gravely some wholesome, if not altogether welcome, truths." His home was always open, and he literal^ " used hospitality without grudging." His children can to-day remember how sometimes thej were tumbled out of bed in the middle of the night to make room for some unlooked for guest. Professor Wharton was for j^ears an inmate of his household, and a dear and honored friend. So was the Rev. Samuel Clements, the College Chaplain. For many years, the night before the College Commencement always found the doors at Harcourt standing open, and the house filled with guests. People came to these receptions from far and near. So the commencement day breakfast often required ajS much provision as the entertainment of the night before. How his children used to watch on these occasions (and some not his children, also) for the coming from Perry of the " Ark drawn by the Elephants," as they called Mr. Trimble's roomy carriage and big horses, for they knew that, liidden somewhere in the spacious depths thereof, were the finest of early apples, brought on purpose for them. For many years he had the charge and oversight of the churches at Mill Creek and Perry; one twenty-five miles from Gambler, the other fifteen. And these missions he visited faithfully, rain or shine, no matter what the weather or the condition of the roads might be ; fulfilling all the obligations of a rector. His lameness made it very difficult for him to mount a horse, yet often the country roads would not let him go in any other way, and nothing but sickness ever kept him from his duty. He was also Treasurer of the Diocesan Educa- KENYON COLLEGE. lional Fund, which broiiglit him in contact with young men, lo wiioni liis cheery counsel was often a lasting benefit, and they left Gamliier wilii a deej) love for him in their hearts. Towards dumb animals his gentleness was very marked, and one of his teachers often remarked : " I would rather be Dr. Blake's dog, than any other person's on this eartli." He delighted in watching all his animals, and in telling of the intelligent things he saw them do. For ten years before his death a small l)iai-k and ttui terrier ruled this large hearted man in a way whicli often sur])rised tlie otiier members of Ids houseliold. The dog nevci' faileil to can-N- his poiiit witii his master, and was I)i-. Itlake's constant <'iim)):niion. "On January L'6, L^TO, Dr. Blake had a slight stroke of paralysis, from tlie effects of wdiich he never recovered, although his death did not occur until a year later. Throughout that year of sickness the brightest, sunniest, most cheerful spot in the whole house was his sick room ; and from that center his inlluence for good flowed out strong, swift, and clear, though the outward man was perishing day by d;iy. Old jiupils came to see him now and then during this last year of his eartldy life, and found his smile as bright as ever, and Ids hearty grasp so lirm they could hardly believe he was dying." The iMid came .laniiary 80, ISTT. And a few days later all that was mortal (if Dr. l^lake was Imrnc to the college graveyard by men who had worl;cd and lalmrcd lor him in man\' ways, and to whom his wise and kindly liberality had been ol'ten manilcsled. In his s .hool. Dr. l^lake hail many coworkers, chief among whom were the Kev. Edward C. Benson, afterwards Professor Benson, and .1. 1). 11. .Ahdvinley, whose influence over llie boys was exceeding great, and always wisely and lovingly jiul forth. 330 KENYON COLLEGE. IDanteb— ZTTore Students! The test of numbers is by too many accepted as the fitting test whereby to decide the question of the success of any given educational work. This test was repudiated half a century ago by Bishop Mcllvaine, when he earn- estly declared, "A few young men, well educated, are worth a host, super- ficially taught." A recent writer in the Nation says truly: "Among our Western Colleges and Universities those are, generally speaking, the most populous which give the time honored degTees for almost any studies, and in almost any quantity the student may choose. Those who speak and write, or strive in other ways, against these things, may be overborne by the present tide against them, but their zeal is kept alive by the confident hope that time will vindicate the wisdom of their efforts." Still, students are the material upon which a College must work, and Kenyon needs more students. How are they to be had '( The Junior Regent of Kenyon Military Academy is exceedingly well adapted to the work of can- vassing for boys, and has been very successful therein. So long as he gives himself to this work, with the energy and skill which he has hitherto dis- played, any school with which he is connected, if others do their part to make it a thoroughly good school, can hardly lack for students. In these days it would seem that a somewhat similar work must be done for the College, par- ticularly as there is a diminishing supply from Gambler itself. From 1880 to 1885 the number entering Kenyon College, who had received their prepar- atory training in Gambler, was nearly ninety. From 1885 to 1890 the number was but little more \h&n forty. In the olden time there was a Senior and a Junior Preparatory School in Gambler. It may be wise to re-establish the Senior Preparatory School, to be carried on in the College buildings, under the direction of the College Faculty, and to seek as material therefor those who are poor in this world's goods, but struggling to secure a liberal education, as a thing of priceless value. There is also much to hope for from the present widespread movement to bring into closer relationship the Colleges and High Schools of the State. Several of the jeading Colleges have agreed so to modify their requisites for admissian, that High School graduates can readily be admitted as members of the Freshman Class. This is a most important step, in the right direction. Let the study of Greek be begun with the Freshman year, as in the University of Michigan; and let the Colleges reach out their hands in welcome to the graduates of superior High Schools, and the result will be a great gain for education ; and, at some of our best Colleges, the number of students will be largely increased. With regard to Bexley Hall, the success of the present year has been so gratifying and so great as to lead to the confident declaration that the new Bishops in Ohio may safely be depended upon to see that the theological department is thoroughly well supplied with students. KENYON COLLEGE. 331 d]e '£c5son of tl}^ dt^imcs BY TIIK RT. REV. (iREGORV THIRSTON liEDELL, D. D., .TUNE 22, A. D. 1879, WdimiY IS THE Lamb that was slain to receive Power, and Riches, and Wisdom, AND StKENUTH, and HoNOK, AND (il,ORV, AND BLESSING- AmKN! h'nrlutiO)! V . : 12, 14. The Lessons ol' the CUiiiiies is our tlieine tins iiioriiiiiji. If they were iiol lull of the Gospel, you would not hear about them from this place. Hut just as the cruciform structure of this Church reminds us of the Cross: just as every window tells us some portion of the evangelical story: just as every adornment of (he Sanctuarv is full of the wonls of Christ : just as the arrange- 332 KENYON COLLEGE. ments of tlie chancel teach us that the first step in Christian life is evidenced by Baptism, which introduces us to the privileges of the covenant; that the next step is to listen to the Preaching of that Word, which St. John tells us was brought to the Church as on the wings of a flying eagle; that the next step is to stand in front of tlie Holy Table to receive the blessing of the Bishop in Confirmation; and the last of this series of acts is to kneel around the Table of the Lord to partake in penitent faith of the symbols of His dying love, and so be ready for the Communion of Saints in His immediate presence : just as the Tower, and the Spire, and the Cross above it, instruct us that the way from earth to heaven is through the Ciiurch, and by a ver^^ narrow diffi- cult path, ever upward, until at the foot of the symbol of the Saviour's sacri- fice we leave all earthly scenes and cares, and pass to the everlasting purity and light and glory where God lives : so the Chimes ring for us the Praises of our Lord, and bring us constant messages of His Gospel. My heart is very glad to-day. For to-day we bring out the cap-stone of our beautiful house with shoutings of Grace, grace unto it. The cap-stone and the chief corner-stone in Scripture are the same. So in our Church they are but one. Both of them are the one Christ Jesus our Lord. As we laid the corner-stone in jjrayer and faith, trusting that the " Church of the Holy Spirit," which was to be built on it might in all generations tell the story of the Saviour's love and grace, so we built The Tower, and planned a Chime which was to be placed within it, that should be the cap-stone, and to all gen erations ring out the praises of that Saviour's name. As the gracious purpose of the Holy Spirit is to take of the things of Christ and show them unto men, so it was our hope, and, if God should allow it, our purpose, that the " Church of the Holy Spirit" should constantly set tbrth tlie Gospel of tlie Son of God at every point. The first stone — not tiiat only which is called the corner, and which you all have seen; but the first stone — laid deep inthe earth, and which no one saw but the builder and ourselves, was laid with humble prayer and in fervent hope that this Church would glorify the Saviour. We made ready a chamber in the Tower, waiting and expecting that even in our lifetime it would be filled with the praises of Him who bought us with His blood. The order of the future Chime was prepared, and the inscriptions were writ- ten, as yor^ will find them all, upon the parchment which has been hanging in the vestry room ever since the day of consecration. Nothing was wanting in it, except the names of the donors of the Bells. One of those bells — the " Wisdom-bell " — was given by two members of Ascension Church, New York, whose names are recorded there. Of those generous donors, one has already been taken to the rest of Paradise. We should have waited longer for the realization of our scheme — but still hopefully — had not an Alumnus of Kenyon, during these last few months. KENYON COLLEGE. 333 decided to accomplisli the original design. His energy and delerniination, paralleled only by his success, while they have excited both wonder and sur- l)rise. have secured our lasting gratitude. As he has most kindly intended it as a mark of special regard to us, we accept it with thorough appreciation. But below that motive, and giving a higher value to it, was the intention to glorify God, and make this holy house more worthy of the sacred Triune name. Wherever a high, right motive for a beneticent act exists in sincerity, God's ]irovi(lence permits more than one great purpose to be accomplished simulta- ncinisly. And so tliis gift of the Chime and the Clock is a gift from the friends and well wishers of our Kenyon College to Kenyon's Church and Ken- ton's Students. It is a token from more than one of them of grateful recol- Ici'tions of an already venerable Alma Mater; and coupled with them in many cases is the memory of the df ad. Some were especially dear to the originator of this movement ; some are treasured names in our country's history; and all are dear to Kenyon. Although not permitted to mention the Alumnus to whom we are espe- cially indebted, I cannot doubt that I express the sentiments of my fellow- students, and of all the congregation which we have invited to use this Church, \\ lien I assure him that his labors and sacrifices are warmly appreciated. He can have no reward, and expects none, except the consciousness of a good and genei-ous deed, but his name will never be dissevered from the Chimes and Clock of Gambler. 'I'o the liberal donors we desire I bus ])ublicly to oiler our grateful acknowl- edgments. If any should be singled out it would be our neighbors, and the less able of our townsmen, w ho both by lalior freely rendered, and by gifts of materials, and by contributions, every one of which was at a sacrifice, have enabled us to complete this oH'ering to (Jod. They have had the thanks of nlhers. I beg them now to receive ours, very heartily rendered. I have accepted the Chime and the Clock in your name, young gentle- nu'n of Kenyon College. As at first I placed the Church ujider your pro- led ion, and you have never failed in loyalty to the trust, so now the Bells ;ind Clock are given into your guardianship. They are intended mainly for your convenience, and are parts now of your College Church. They will add to the attractiveness of this charming College Park; and we trust in future years will linger among your pleasant remembrances of college days. It will be an easy thing to destroy our work. A careless hand, or a malicious (inger, might in a moment make all our labor useless. Therefore we shall use every precaution to protect this delicate machinery against carelessness. We can- not protect it against malice or mis(diief. But possibly you may be able to throw around it such a cordon of right public sentiment, that both malice and mischief may be prevented. '334 KEN YON COLLEGE. Chimes are considered the glory of a Church. Few Churches possess them. I doubt if any Church possesses a purer and more perfect set of beJls than ours. It is not an ordinary but a full Chime — nine bells. The authori- ties of Trinity Church, New York, told me that every end that was worth accomplishing on a Chime could be wrought with nine bells.' In England chiming is a profession. Every bell has its ringer; and to chime well is the work of a life. But by American ingenuity and the applications of science our Chime is made easily manageable by one skillful mind, and the labor of one person. These facts are mentioned so that it may be understood that these Chimes are not a trifling gift to Gambler; but that together with the Clock (which hereafter is to do part of the chiming by machinery) it is one of the most complete and noble gifts which our Institutions have yet received. It deserves our united and best thanks. Passing now from other purposes of the Chimes, the chief and main design is that to which we have already referred, which has been kept steadily in view i'rom the besiinning : The glorv oi' Christ. The storv of the Cross. The KENYON COLLEGE. 335 praise oi' His soveieigii grare. Tliese bells are to ring out the Gospel. We have so arranged it, that it you only remember what is written on the Bells, they can never tell you any tale of joy or sorrow, never chime for you the festivities of Kenyon, or Ihe gladness of our National holidays, never waken you to the duties of an hour, or soothe you with their soft music in the night watciies, without reuiiiuling you of tile name of Jesus, and the work of Jesus, of Ilis titles to your love, of your privilege of praise, or of His unspeakably ])n"ci(ius lienedictions. For, our text is tiie Inscription on Ihe Bells; as you may I'cad it, when stan. Honour, and 7. Glory, and S. Blessing. 9. Amen. The first song of our Bells was ;in invocation to the Holy (Jhost the Com- forter and Teacher. As it rang out the familiar strain, " Come, Holy Si)irit, Heavenly Dove, Witli all thy quickening powers, Come shed abroad a Saviour's love, And that shall kindle ours," had you been accustomed to the story of the Bells, and learned how to inter- pret their sweet tongues, you would have heard on the evening air, whilst the Chime was praying that prayer, an undersong that answered every breath of tiie petition, with an ascription to the Saviour's love which would have kindled every aflection of your soul; and you would have sung out with the Bells — "Worthy is the Lamb that was slain!" That is what I mean. These Bells are like the tongues of angels. What- ever message they bring to us from (iod is lull of the grace which is in Christ Jesus. W they ring a merry peal liecause your hearts are glad, they ring too a reminder that all our mercies come from a Father reconciled through Jesus Christ. U they chime a sober strain, or toll a requiem, because your hearts are sad and sorrowful, they bring no less distinctly the lesson that Christ has died to "give us" spiritual "songs" for our "earth-born sighing." If they 336 KEN YON COLLEGE. call you to begin ^^our daily studies at the Church, or remind you on the Baccalaureate or Commencement days, by joyous strains, that college studies are complete, and the studies of life begun, it is by repeating this precious story of "the lamb that was slain"; because this college and these schools and this whole curriculum of study are dedicated to Him ; because the lessons of the class room must all fail of their highest aim, if the gracefulness of Christianity does not complete the gentle manliness of your intellectual cul- ture; because the wisdom that tells on a successful life is that which tinds its inspiration and its crown in devotion to the Divine Logos. If the Chimes call you to National festivals, you will hear — those of you who have ears to catch the mysterious language of the Bells — you Avill hear, below the tones of "My Country, 'tis of thee I sing," a sacred strain that records with every note, " Blessed is that people whose God is the Lord Jehovah " ; and the song of the multitude who gather round the throne of " the Lamlj^ with praises unto Him as " King of Kings, and Lord of Lords." If the time should ever come when our land shall be called to defend its liberties, and patriot hearts need to be stinted, and men shall be demanded who will not hesitate to lay down everything, even life, to save their country. (hen let the Bells ring out a tocsin. There are memorial names upon them now which will tell to all ages tliat Kenyon's sons are brave. And never will our country call to duty when, by God's grace, Kenyon will shut her ears. For this land is God's last gift to the absolute freedom of religious worship, and to the inalienable right of every man to listen to the Gospel message for jiimself, to interpret it as his enlightened conscience dictates, and to answer for that liberty to no one except the heavenly Judge. If ever the time shall come, when that liberty shall be imiieriled by the madness of infidelity, or the carelessness of godless indifference, or the insatiable thirst of a despotic creed, tben ,,„, ,,, c- * u ' "loll! Kenyon, toll, And let thy iron throat Ring out its warning noEe. Toll! till from either ocean's strand Brave men shall clasp each other's hand, And shout God save our native land! And love the land which God hath saved!" If you hear the chiming in your youthful days, when your heart is full of hope, and the future opens gladly on your vision, they will be "Silver bells." "What a world of merriment their melody foretells." A'or am I to check the exhilaration of merry youth, within reasonable bounds. For the wise man tempers his exhortation with only one reserve : " Rejoice, young man in thy youth, and let thy heart cheer thee in the days of thy youth." Only remember that for all things we must give account. So, KENYON COLLEGE. 337 wlu'ii tlio Cliimes are silver in your lieiiriiij;-, tiiank (iod lor liie keen apprecia- tions or yoiitii ; and sanctify, wliile yon intensity and regulate tliem by religion. If you hear the Bells 'M'roni the balmy air of night," when the providence of (iod shall iuive permitted you to realize somewhat of your hopes, and the future is no longer all a dream, but the clouds — for clouds there always will be — are by His mercy gilded as by a rising sun — the Chime will guin its \i>\\v from the key note ol' your grateful thoughts. Then they will be "Golden " What ii world of happiiK^s.s their harmony foretellsl How they ring out their delight From the molton, golden notes! From out the sounding cells What a gush of euphony voluminously wolfs; How it dwells On the Future!" But time rolls on. Tlie impassive clock records only hours as they Hy ; anil the days keep time with them; and the years come after them at even pace. While the clock is striking, hour after liour, our Iiopes are accomplislied 338 KEN YON COLLEGE. one by one, and one by one they die. Our friends pass away from us day after day, and are seen no more. The years steal by us, and grej^ hairs creep on us, and our Future begins to show a near horizon, and its circle rapidly contracts. Then again we hear the Chime ; but the poetry has gone, and we realize, that, after all, they are only " Iron bells." "What a world of solemn thought their monody compels In the silence of the night!" I]ut did you notice, wlietlier ''silver,'' ''gold," or ''iron"' were the Bells, after t'very cliiniing came, on the still air, the solemn diapason — the same grand tonic note — unchanged by time, unalterable as hours, days, or years roll on — the key-note of all the Chimes, the theme of every melody in earth or lieaven, the thought that forms all harmonies of the Church militant or the Cliurch triumpliant, the Great Bell that strikes the hour, saying — "Worthy js thk Lamb that was slain!" And so you liave the grand lesson of the Chimes. It is that i'or wiiich we placed them in the tower; tiie great lesson of the Gospel, for penitent sinner and for rejoicing saint alike, " Worthy is the Lamb that was slain ! " In youth, in manhood, or in age ; when hopes are bright, when hopes are realized, when hope begins to fade; the present thought of Jesus's all-suffi- cient salvation is the onl\' satisfying and only never changing source of joy. If you are a Christian nothing can come amiss. If you are a reconciled child of the Iieavenl.y Father, and your faith in the sovereign love of His dear Son is- manifested by devotion to His service and obedience to His will, sorrow will be sanctified, and happiness intensified; labor lightened, work made easy, sacrifice consecrated, and joy increased a thousand fold. If the love of Jesus and love to Jesus is the unfailing undercurrent of life, the outflow of the sur- face stream will be perpetual felicity, however it may be rippled by adversity, or even tossed into waves by storms. He is " the same yesterday, to-day, and forever." Did you not observe it? The Chimes are manifold. They change with the will of the player. They express the temper of the hour, or the sen- timent of the, times. But the Great Bell, hour after hour, strikes one onl_y note ; and that is the resolution of all notes of the Gospel, the resonant out- burst of all faith and love and praise. - " Worthy is the Lamb that was slain ! " It is the cap-stone of our beautiful Church. The Chimes will call to Prayer, and Worship, and to the Sacraments which Christ has appointed. They are to remind you of the approach of saci-ed hours and sacred seasons. As in the week days they are to remind you of hours which God has ap- pointed for labor, and hours for rest, so on holy days, like the clear ringing of the silver trumpets in the days of the Tabernacle and of Solomon, these Bells KENYON COLLEGE. 339 will (ell you when to jirepare lor the ])nvileM-;SSING. AmEN." I>i:i.i, N(i. 1. — Name, '' Worthy is the Lamb that was slain." /nsrrlptloii — •■In niciiiory of (Uiarlcs Morris McCook, killed in battle .Inly •-'1^1, IsOI. DkIcc et (levorurn est pro patria mori." Bell No. 2. — JVaine, ''To Receive I'owcr." Iiiscri/>li()ii — "In niciiKiry of James M. Hoyt and Mary N. Iloyt." Hkll No. 3. — Name, ''And Riches." litHcrlpI'mn — "J 11 mciimiy ol the Alumni III' Kcnyoii." On the reverse side — "In memory of (Jeorge S. Bene- dict and Henry (J. Winslow, class 1860." Bell No. 4. — Name, "And Wisdom." InHcnptloii — "In memory of .\dolph W. and Mary O. Alsop." Bkll No. 5. — Name, "And .SIrerigtIi." InHrriptiort — "In memory of •lames L Hoyt." Bell No. 6. — Name, "And Honour." luncriptifm, — "St. Paul's (Jliurdi, Cleveland, ()., Rev. N. S. Rulison, Rector." " Ring in the Christ that is to be." Bell No. 7. — Name, "And Glory." Inseription — "In memory of Rev. Allied Blake, D. D., Professor John Trimble, Professor Edward (). Ross, Pro- fessor Homer L. Thrall, M. D., Rev. Alexander F. Hobb. Rev. John T. Brooke, I). D., and Rev. S. A. Bron.son, I). IJ. Bell No. 8. — Name, ''And Blessing." Iiineription — "Jn memory of Helen I). French, Elizabeth Gautier, and Josiah II. Gautier." Bell No. 9. — Name, "Amen." Lmcription — "Peter Remsen .Strong, in memoriam." No. 1.— Weight, l,8'i4 lbs.; cost, !t!7;»«.70. Presented by Mrs. Martha Mc- Cook and Mr. John J. McCook. No. 2.— Weight, 1,259 lbs.; cost %'>\V.). Presented by Alfred .M. Hoyt, class 1849. No. ;i— Weight, 802 lbs.; cost. %\\?>S)h. Presented by the Alumni of Kenyon, and by Mrs. Benedict and .Mi>. Winslow. each -l! 100. No. 4.— Weight, 750 lbs.; cost, .i;:J28.;J0. Presented by Mr. and .Mrs. Alsop. 342 KENYON COLLEGE. No. 5.— Weight, 454 lbs.; cost, $ 237.65. Presented by William H. Scott, class '49. No. 6.— Weight, 370 lbs.; cost, $186.20. Presented by Rev. N. S. Rulison. No. 7.— Weight, 258 lbs.; cost, $148.97. Presented by Many Friends. No. 8.— Weight, 229 lbs.; cost, $ 122.50. Presented by Robert S. French. No. 9.— Weight, 215 lbs.; cost, $110.25. Presented by the Rt. Rev. G. T. Bedell and Mrs. Bedell. The clock, which makes the appointments of the tower complete, is of the make of E. Howard it Co., pf Boston, and is the gift of Mr. Peter Ha.yden, of Ooliimbus, at a cost of $ 600. The chime attachment, costing $ 500, by which the bells ring the Cambridge chimes, four notes the first quarter, eight the second, twelve the third, and sixteen with the hour, struck by a fifty-pound hammer on the large bell, is tiie gift of citizens of Mt. A''ernon and (xambier. ^ounbcrs' Day at (BamHer, \889 We remember belbre God this day the Founders of these Institutions: Philander Chase, the first Bishop of Ohio, darum. et venerabile nome/i, whose foresight, zeal, unwearied patience, and indomitable energy, devised these foundations, and established them temporarily at AVorthington, but perma- nently at Gambler. He was the Founder, and did a great and lasting work ; Charles Pettit McDvaine, the second Bishop of Ohio, rightly known as the second Founder, whose decision of character and self-devoted labors saved the work at two distinct crises of difficulty; he builded Bexley Hall for the use of the Theological Seminary, Ascension Hall for the use of Kenyon College, Milnor Hall for the use of the Grammar School, and he completed Rosse Chapel on the foundations laid by Bishop Chase. A\^e remember before God this day pious and generous persons, contribu- tors, whose gifts enabled the Bishops ol' Ohio to lay these foundations, and who are thereJbre to be named among the Founders. Among the many, we name only a few, whose gifts are noticeable because of the inlluence of the donors or the largeness of their gifts. Henry Clay, whose introduction of Bishop Chase to the Admiral Lord Gambler, of England, initiated the success of the movement in 1823; the Archbishop of Canterbury ; the Lord Bishops of London, Durham, St. David's, Chester, and Litchfield; Lords Kenyon, Gambler, and Bexley; Sir Thomas Ackland; the Rev. Drs. Gaskin and Pratt; William Wilberforce, Henry Hoare, Tiniotiiy Wiggin, Geori^e W. Marriot, and Thomas Bates; the Dowager KENYON COLLEGE. 343 (Jouiiless or Ilosse, wlio aiilcil lil,ciMll.v (lie Cli.ipcl svhicli aricrwiirds liorc licr iiMiiic; IlMiiniili More, who ,ilso 1jc(|iic;iI lied a Scliolarsliip wliicli bears her naiiic; and iiini-c ihaii hvc hinidn'il ol iicrs, wliose names are recorded in tlie Memorial |irc])ared \>y Ihe K'cv. Dr. liioiison al Ihe request of Ihe 'I'riistees. W'v reinciiil)er Ijelore (iod the lilicrality of Williain llofij;. Irom whom lliis doinaiii was piindiascd, tlic i;i-aiitoi' conl riliiil Iiil: one roiirlh of lis iiiarla(die was always lo us "Her Majcsly," ami Sylc, " I'rime .Minister." Syle and Killin, who were SophmoreH at the time, occupied rooms to;ielher at the east end of what was called "the 74," a great yellow wooden Iniildiiig, and so called either from the numher of its windows or from their thnn' tiers and llic ;;('neral "slab sided " look of the edifice. It was shortly afterwards, 1 li(dic\c, dcsl roycil hy lire. Looking, the other day, amoufist some old letters of mine, 1 found a sketch of il, of which, though 1 cannot voiudi for its perfect accuracy, es])ecially in the mailer of I'liimneys, I send you a cojiy, as liivinj; a general idea of its appearance. The lo|) row of windows, that in the roof, lighted a gallery lined on eillier side with rooms, generally empty in my time. Here liiiiiLL llie rope liy wliiC>£'€r shared by the new faculty bench. There were some rough spirits amongst, us in those days, but I should imagine that these perpetrations came rather of sport than malice, and were due to the exuberance of young life i'eeling, perhaps, ratlier pent up in a place so solitary and out of the way as Gambler was at that time, and iinding no suificient vent for its legitimate exercise. Tiiis con- dition of things, no doubt, requires to be provided for, if possible, by the wise teacher; but the case in this instance was a diificult one. There was a time when the authorities felt obliged to enforce the surrender by us of all pistols and other arms. Uflbrd,, the best fellow in tlie world, acting as tutor, got into rough collision with one or two refractory students. But these were exceptions. There was, indeed, a strong religious feeling prevalent, especially in my last year, which made discipline easy. The danger then, became, in trutli, exces- KEN YON COLLEGE. 347 sive asceticism. Temperance hail maii.v advocates. Voluntary prayer nieel- iiii^s were common. Sunday Sciioois in tiie neigiiborhood were oflicered by studeids. Kiliiu and I liad one together about three miles ott' on the nortii; and Syle practiced those missionary abilities wliicii lie afterwards e.\ercised so successiiilly in China and Ja])an. Only the best feeling, for the most part, existed in my time, towards I he anihorities, though there would be now and then an outbreak of natural and irre])ressible joyousness. A (lock of sheep one night, not without instigation, lundilcd into a freshmairs room through a window whose sill was near the ground Tnauthorized faculty meetings took place Ini- the benelit of the same class, and a Professor was sometimes aston- ished b.\ an early morning call of the victim with the statutes of the College duly comnutted to memory as ordered. A great log sometimes fell through (he well of the staircase in one of (he wings, on (o the threshold of a residenl tu(or, and then being haided up again by (he i-ope (o which it was attached escaped detection, and so on. (food, sound, healthful recreation, and plenty of it, is a remedy, in some degree, for sutdi performances which our (eac-hers were careful no( to investigate too narrowly. A\'hat those irregular energies are capalilc of when called into legitimate action is shown by (ha( wonilerfid lis( of the Alumni of Kcnynti who took part in the great ]»alrio1ic contlict of ls(il to Istin. 'i'his leads me to sjieak ot' the iioblc and single hearted Lorin .\ndrews, one of yoni- predecessors in the rrcsidcncy, a \'olunteer, and a victim of the war t hough not in battle. When I went to America in iS5(), not even (he claims of laniily, not even a weilding invitation from a dear friend and i'elati\e, could keep me Irom ]i;iy iuga visit to "alma mater" when a fa x'orable. t hough too l)rief an opportunity arri\'ed. After a night at ('lexeland at llie liosjntal mansion of l)|-. ImjIIcs. 1 found my w;iy to (iiunbier. Sldppdm lor a few minutes at Mt. \'ernon. which from a villai:e hail lieccjine a cil\'. to call on .1. S. Davis, I was di'iven ovei- 348 KENYON COLLEGE. •• iho Hiv-ihop's baok bono " to (.iainbior. Kvory slop on tho hill a\vakono^l v^woot or touoliinii- nvonun-ios. Uoro was iho liouso wliioh wo "nsoil lo soronailo" as aforosaid. lloro was Kosso (.'liaiiol willi a iaruor i:Lra\ o>anl iliau o( o\d. in whioh was lying a dear littlo nopliow whom 1 hail novor soon. It was oasv to rooognizo tho Oollego — idoutioallv tho same buiUling whioh I had sketohoil lor tlio Oollego Ai\mial Report so many yoars bot'oio. Hnt it no h>ngor roso onl of a desolate wilderness of ohips and woodpiles. The features of a park had grown up around it. Whilst 1 was ooulomplating all this with intinilo intoresl. I was aooosted by one — evidently a ruling power — who seeing that I had tho appearanoe of .a stranger kindly oll'ored to siiow luo the building. Ho took mo into the Soeiety rooms, no longer hid in ilio basonioui whovo oi' old 1 had worked in brioks and mortar as one oi' a ooniniitioo ot' roiio\ ation, but olovatod in position and onlavgod in size. Ho showed mo the riiilomalhosiau Library, where 1 noiiood a well known edition ol' Shakespeare, and oould not help saying, ■■those books wore mine, bot'ore they wore yours." on whioh l.oriu Andrews. I'or it was ho, instantly doteoted mo. and in tho same broaih, insisted on n\y making his house my home dinging my stay. I shall never forget his kindness and the agreeable moments 1 spout amongst the members of his family. Oould I be otherwise than grateful when my kind entertainer took pains to express how muoh the College was indebted to my dear father, who was not. I found, so entirely before his age as 1 had supposed, in his desire to make the Oollego and its surrouudii\gs more eomely. As the result of my father's otVorts, the park, tho uinnorous vistas and m>\v approaehes, and other improvemeiUs wore pointed out with obvious ajiprooia tion. But 1 uolioed some losses, too, and as they oarry us baok agaiit to tho earlier period of twenty years before, whioh 1 have to illustrate, I will mention thent. Some tamiliar trees were gone, espeoially a grand old eliu whioh stood just where the road turns sharply to the mill; and again, a gigantio syeaniore. which used to stand with dilapidated upper branches outside the split rail fence by the river side, and near the pathway leading t(.> the bathing place. Like the "74. it had been the subject of one of my youthful drawings; and like the "74. as I wa« told, had succumbed to lire. Oaseu Cottage, so called, as Or. Caswell himself told me. iVom his own name combined with that ot' a man named Cusack. who occupied it with him. was a tradition even in my time; but I missed the hazel bushes that grew profusely in its vicinity. There was a path, too, a wood path, a littlo west ot' the present Seminary, which led down the hill to (.irimcs's iJrovo, as it was ealled. consisting of maples. In that grove, now. alas, utterly swept away, we used to celebrate the Fourth ot' July. I roiuembor a notable occasion when Kollin Hiird was the orator. Further on, between some trees on a kind ot' island in the rivtu-, 1 found a seat which 1 had never seen before, and had onlv heard oi in conuec- KKNVON COLNKCK. .•!]!> I'l'ii Willi IIk' niinics dl' riiy sislcr-. iliil In rrhim lo llir wimmI |i:iI|i — it wiiH no Idll-rr the |,l.';is;uil solitude lli^il il IkkI li.'Oii, liiiMliL: liiwn iii\,i(|c(| \,y Iwo lo;; liiiK wil II I h<'ir ^:ii-ilciis. I ll'ioil li:inl lo rcco^iiii/c, ill soilio ili'i-.'iyrd Ir.-itj iiiciiK, I lie hi-l iiMiiiiilis of ;i IVoshly liilloii trunk on w liirli (Jmsmiwiiv iiinl I -;il one Siimhiy, t;ilkiii;j nvcr llic most scriciis tllin-s tli;it r;i|i (,cc'i||,y llio tli^n-,i\ ;iireelii,ii |i,r my mom. Cnder Ihe :ili|e ;id\ire of Messrs. I'.hdse iilid l;;idlier I li:id |);iilitesciir:i " ini;i;;e of the opposite window ;ind the forr^st sccn<' il looked upon. TIimI srene renniined iin;dterei|, '{'here wci'e the s;inie tall trcc^ whose inlerlacin;;: liranehes hore the e\arl resemlilanre of a 'iolhic window, and whose reapiiearaiii-e on the idosel wall used to asttmish the inexperienced. I know how trees vanish. I was myscdl the witness of I he desi lanM ion of many i^reat trees on that hillside in a hurricane, when lilllc rcylon Middlcloii anion;;s( a ;.;roiip of Milnor llall hoy- was -Inn k down hy ft Ciillinn liriuidi Jtfid jiol his lc<; lirokcn. And the "idcariny'" process is even irion^ H!iva(i(^ iind iirispiifitit; tlian the ''cyclone." I'nt my cal liedral window of I'oiiap' wasllii'ff Ktiii. I wonder whether il is Ihere now :■ I wisli I conid tell yon moie ahont that r. Scdienck. for in-laii<'i-. .Mr. )!lake. also, who occupied Ihe residence which had once lieen Ihe I!i-llop'-. lie |-emindei| me of how theslndent had woi'ked to s;i\c that Iniir-e from lire in the severe winter of iH^it'i. and how, al'ler a des|)e|-ale -tiai;.'L:h' and linal vie lory, some of llio-e left lo uiiaid il from a further oiitlu-eak. thonf:hl it not wroiiL' in their niter e.\ hair-l i(iii to parlale of a recned l.otlleof wine wliicli iinfoii nnalely forlliein Inrned out lo he ant imonial ! \orniii-t I foi-^cl {''rank II. lliird, who so kindly ai'ioni panied me in -c.nie id' mv mi-morial walks, and hitiiscdf vividly recalled lli(; ineiiiory of his I'al her, already rrienl ioiied. and of Frank [Iiiiit, of Konliicky, of a Hlill earlier date, at1(;r wlioin lie was liiin.Melf named. 350 " KENYON COLLEGE. There is much that I might add about that primitive time. Can I forget the teachings to which I owe so much, and especially the lectures of Dr. Sparrow ? If with easy preparation I floored an analogy paper at Cambridge, Dr. Sparrow was the reason of it. My heart lingered around the hill, and I co\dd not leave it without mak- ing many sketches of its loved haunts. That visit was about the nearest approach to an entrance into Fairy land that I can imagine, and those draw- ings, rude as they are, help to gratify an inclination wliich grows upon me with age to retrace in fancy scenes which were the turning point in a very chequered life. And so, too, I have always valued everything that coidd tell me from time to time how Kenyon was getting on. Common sorrow for the great intestine strife led me to sympathize with the visit of Bishop Mcllvaine to this country, and had drawn us together again. Not many months beibre he died, he called upon me in Brighton. He carried me back to my boyish days at West Point, and the times of Cadet Polk, afterwards the Prelate-General : but it was on Gambler that our talk chiefly rested. At a later day, when your present excellent Bishoj), a fellow student of mine, I believe, at Flushing, under Dr. Muhlenberg, was in England on Pan-Anglican business, the absorls- ing nature of his occupation prevented liim from being able to receive my visit, when perhaps I should have heard more recent news, and I greatly regretted the loss. Be assured, my dear sir, that whatever can further instrucl me as to the fortunes of the place will have the liighest interest to me. With kind regards and thanks, I remain. Ever truly yours, C. E. DOUGLASS. The sketch of Kenyon (College which occupies the following nineteen pages, was originally written tor Scribner's Monthly, now the Century Maga- zine, and appeared therein in March, 1878. The sketch was afterward some- what enlarged, and printed separately in a Kenyon pamphlet. It is here reproduced because of the original wo6d cut illustrations, which were the best of their kind, and because, as a connected sketch, it contains some material which is not found elsewhere in this book. It certainly emphasizes General Sherman's declaration that " Kenyon College is beautifully located, and has for fil'ty j^ears had the highest possible reputation." KENYON COLLEGE. ni:ar k ion yon college. Tllio traveler in Ceiitnil (.)hiii, joiirneyinir l>y the uew railmad IVoii; < '(iiumliu?i to Cloveliuid, hy way of Mount Vernon, finils himself, tor several miles of his course, skirting the hanks of a sparklinj: stream, to which the old Indians i;ave the eu))i ions name "Kokosing." The vallev throutdi which the river flows is a charmiiij: (Jiie, and the riile delightful, for new l)eautics greet the eye at alnicst every turn, and rocks and hills and venerable woods utter together their voice of praise. At oiu' (if the sudden turn:* of this winding stream, a few miles beyond Mt. Vernon, ujwu a hill beautiful for situation, rises the village of Gandiier, the seat of Kenyon College. ' Kokosing ! loveliest strf;uiilct of tlu- West, Where nature stnnds in l)c;uite(iiis garments drest, How oft along thy winding banks I've strayed. Enchanted hy the .sontc thy mnrmurings made. Thy sloping sIkh-cs :iiv decked with verdant meads, And proud, majestic liills that lift their heads With foliage and waving forests crowned; Here Nature sits enlliidned, while all around, Above, below, presents a charming view. Lovely as Eden, glittering with the dew Beneath a morning sun." 352 KENTON COLLEGE. Half a century ago there was probably no institution of learning in our land more talked about than Kenyon College, for it was one of the first literary ventures of the West, and its needs and expectations were heralded far and near. There is a certain charm about infancy which we do not recognize in manhood. This, doubt- less, is one of the reasons why Kenyon has recently occupied a less prominent place before the public than in her early days. Besides, her development has not altogether been in the line anticipated. She has failed where success was dreamed of; she has won honor in ways that were not contemplated. The corner-stone of Kenyon College was laid in the month of June, 1827, so that Gambler has but just begun her second half century of earnest life. By a happy coincidence, the fiftieth year marked the elevation of one of Kenyon's sons to the Presidency of the United States. One of the trustees of Kenyon College, Hon. Mor- rison R. Waite, is now the highest judicial officer of the country. Kenyon's sons> also, are to be found in the halls of Congress, so that she has links binding her to every department of the government — legislative, judicial, executive. The list of the alumni of Kenyon has already grown to fair proportions. From the beginning her standard has been high, and many of those who have studied in Gambler have left before completing the course ; but five hundred have been graduated. A large number of Kenyon's sons have become men of mark in Church and State, and five of them have attained to a wide national reputation. Henry AVinter Davis, that "prince of par- liamentary orators," in his early days practiced economy and wrought with brain and muscle at Kenyon. Edwin M. Stanton, the great War Secretary, came in the spring-time of his life to Gambler. His college experience proved to be a turning-point, so that after- ward he was accustomed to say : " If I am anything, I owe it to Kenyon College." David Davis, late Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, since Senator from Illinois, w^as an associate of Stanton in college days. Stanley Matthews, also, an eminent lawyer of Cincinnati, who won great distinction by his arguments before the Elec- toral Commission, and who has just retired from the Senate of the United States, was at Kenyon a friend and companion of President Hayes. Not unnaturally Kenyon is proud of her alumni roll. The founder of Kenyon College was Philander Chase, the first Bishop of the Protest- ant Episcopal Church in Ohio. A friend writes thus concerning him : "In height he was six feet and over; the span of his chest was nearly, if not quite, equal to his height, and with that noble trunk his limbs were in fuU and admirable pro- portion. In a crowd his giant figure, in front or back, excited, wherever he moved, uni- versal attention. Large and heavy in stature as he was, he was remarkably light and graceful in his movements, and when not rufiled with opposition or displeasure, exceedingly agreeable, polished, and finished in his manner. Toward those who betrayed hauteur in their deportment with him, or whom he suspected as actuated by such a spirit, or who pos- itively differed with him as to his policy, and especially toward those whom he looked upon KENYON COLLEGE. 353 DAVllJ DAVIS EDWIN M. STANTON. IIKNUV WIXTEK DAVIS. STANLEY MATTHEWS. as his enemies, he Avas generally distant and overbearing, and sometimes, when offended, perhaps morose. In his bearing toward them his noble countenance was always heavy and lowering, and his deportment frigid and unmi.stakably repulsive ; but in his general inter- course, and always with his particular and intimate friends, his address and social qualities were polished, delightful, and captivating; his countenance was sunlight, his manner warm iind genial as balmy May, and his deportment Avinning to a degree rare among even remarkably commanding and popular men." Bishop Chase came of a sturdy New England stock. He was born in Cornish, New llunipshire, where he spent the days of his youth. When manhood came, however, he could not content himself with such quiet and settled surroundings, for, of him, as after- ward of his nephew, the Secretary, ambition was a most marked characteristic. He was 354 KENYON COLLEGE. first a missionary in Western New York, and then he was stationed in Poughkeepsie, but soon afterward removed to New Orleans. He was the first Protestant minister in the State of Louisiana. After five years of hard and successful labor, he removed again to the North, and for six years was a minister in Hartford, Conn. But Philander Chase was a man too restless, too ambitious, too great, to remain long contented in any quiet and peaceful nook. He craved the contests and the storms of life. So, early in the spring of the year 1817, resolved "not to build upon another man's foundations," he started for what was then the far West — the newly admitted State of Ohio. He was consecrated Bishop in February, 1819. He began his work with rare earnestness. No pecuniary support had been provided. Indeed, for several years all that he received for his public ministrations was not enough to pay his po.stage ; so, to gain his daily bread, he had to become a tiller of the soil. He soon became convinced that he must have assistance in his work. In four years his list of three clergymen had grown to six, but what could six men do in so vast a field? Moreover, he became convinced that for western work the best laborers were western men, more accustomed than others to the hardships of the new civilization, and more likely to be contented with the labor and its returns. So his mind began to be filled with a dream of a "school of the prophets," which, before long, took definite shape in his mind. Happily, the Bishop's son suggested that favorable mention had been made in a prominent English journal of the new missionary work in far-off Ohio. The Bishop immediately determined that the ocean must be crossed, and the mother church asked to help. He first appointed his son for this service ; but his son's failing health required a journey to a southern clime, so the resolute Bishop determined to go himself. At once he made his plans known to his brethren. Some of them approved, whilst others disapproved, and one went so far as to violently oppose him. Bishop White, the father of the American Church, made objection firmly, but gently, as was consistent with his saintly character. He thought it undesirable that application should be made to a foreign source for aid, because of the probable efliect upon the church at home. "What countenance," it was said, "will be given to the odium, which some would fain cast upon our church, as in a state of dependence on another church, incorporated with a foreign state." The lessening of the respectability of the church was also insisted upon ; the American church should not stoop to be a suppliant for others' bounty. Bishop Chase, however, was resolute. He thought he knew the needs of his own field of labor, and determined to provide for them as best he could. He bade his son good-bye in New York, the last good-bye he was ever to say to him. His son, he knew, was appointed to die, and it would have been a privilege to minister to him in his last moments. The claims of nature, however, must yield to the higher claims of God's cause on earth. The parting was sad and heroic. A month upon the ocean followed, for those were days when steamships were un- known. From Liverpool, Bishop Chase went to Manchester, and so on to- London. ( KEN YON COLLEOE. 355 He met at once with a most formidable obstacle iu th(! opposition of tiic Bishop of New York. He wa.s publicly attacked iu the Britkh Critir, and for months his hands were tied ; he could do nothing. But after awhile the tide turned. It so happened that the British Parliament was then divided on the question of the emancipation of the West India slaves. The subject was being everywhere discussed with intense feeling. As a consequence, any one who was known to have made sacrifices for the negro was sure to find friends. Wilberforce's particular friend, Butterworth, who was al.so a member of Parliament, lived near to the house where Bi.shop Chase had taken lodgings. One day a Dr. Dow, from New Orleans, called on Mr. Butterworth, when, in the course of conversation, something like this was said : "So vou are from America, Dr. Dow! Were you acquainted with BishopCha.se?" "Yes; he was my pastor in New Orleans, and I his physician an^l friend." "Tell me about him ; there must be .something singular in him, or he would not be neglected as he is in England." ^^^ BISHOP CHASES LOG HtlT. THE FIRST " EPISCOPAL PALACE " OF OHIO. " Singular I I never knew anything .sin- gular in him but his emancipating his j-el- low slave, and that, I should suppose, would not injure hirn here iu England." The story was then told of this emanci- pation. A negro named Jack had belonged to Philander Chase while he was living iu New Orleans. Jack absconded. Years after- wards, when Philander Chase had become Bishop of Ohio, Jack was caught and put in prison, where he was kept, awaiting an order from his master for his sale. Bishop Chase thought the matter over, and wrote his southern friends to let Jack go free. The story made Butterworth Bishop Cha.se's friend. He invited him to his house, introduced him to great and good men, and soon the Ohio cause grew and waxed strong. Subscriptions were received from hundreds of sources. There was a genuine, almost an enthusiastic, outflow of British Iteneficence. Wealthy friends were gathered, and the pioneer BLshop was the hero of the hour, delighting all with his thrilling sketches of frontier hardships, and with his glowing prophecies of magnificent triumphs sure to be achieved. Lord Gambler helped him greatly, Lord Kenyon, also, and Sir Thomas Ackland, and Lady Rosse, and Hannah Moore. The total result of this first appeal was more than five thousand pounds. The largest single donor wa.s Lady Rosse. We give the story of the way iu which Bishop Cha.-'e became acquainted with her, inasmuch as it .»hows very clearly how mys- teriously the links of the chain of life are bound together by the good providence of God. 35ii KE^^YON COLLEGE. Iq the winter of 1819-20 Bishop Chase had a letter from his friend, Dr. Jarvis, of Boston, making inquiry as to the manner of his support. The letter came at a time when the good Bishop's burdens were more than ordinarilj^ heavy. He was caring as well as he could for the scattered sheep of Christ ; besides, he was providing for his family by his own manual labor. He had no money to hire others ; he was, therefore, obliged to haul and cut his own wood, to make his own fires, and to feed his own domestic animals. Bishop Chase replied to Dr. Jarvis's letter frankly, drawing an accurate picture of a frontier Bishop's life. The letter thus written, upon bad paper, with bad ink, and with fingers stiffened by labor, was sent by Dr. Jarvis to a Scottish Bishop, who was desirous to know something about western life and work. The thought of this letter had entirely faded from Bishop Chase's mind. Judge therefore of his surprise, when it was shown to him one day in London, and he learned that, in consequence of it, a bequest of monc\' had been made to him by an English citizen. Nor was this all. The Scotch Bishop's daughter became his friend, told his story to Lady Eosse, secured her interest, and gained thereby for his cause some thousands of dollars. Bishop Chase returned to his home a poor rich man. For those days, in Ohio, thirty thousand dollars was a very large sum of money, and so, doubtless, Bishop Chase would have considered it when he started to go abroad. Meanwhile, however, his ideas had grown. At one time a theological school would have contented him ; but now larger and more dazzling ideas took possession of his brain. His school was first established upon his farm near Worthington, where before, he had taught, amongst others, his nephew, afterwards Chief-Justice Salmon P. Chase. This, however, was but a temporary arrangement. A permanent h.icatiou had to be selected. About this time Bishop Chase's attention was called to a tract of land, consisting of eight thousand acres, in Knox county. He at once came to Mount Vernon, the county seat, upon a tour of observation, rode with friends across the country, and followed for a while the valley of the Kokosing,- until he came to the hill where the college at present stands. It was suggested that, possibly, at the top of this hill there might be found a good site for building. The general reply was, "No." The Bishop said, "Let us see." He scrambled up the hill-side with a single companion, Henry B. Curtis, Esq. Once at the top, he climbed upon a fallen log, and as his eye stretched hither and thither, taking in the splendid sweep of the country round about, he exclaimed with satisfaction, " This will do." In that instant the location of the new institution was practically fixed. The assent of the Diocesan- Convention had to be secured. It was not certain tiiat this could easily be done, for there was hardly a town in the State that had not fixed its covetous eye upon the infant college. More than seven cities contended for the boon, not one of which carried ofi" the prize, for Bishop Chase was a man of will, and his will was that the school should be located in the country. "Put your seminary," said he, "on your own domain; be owners of the soil on which you dwell, and let the tenure of KENYON COLLEGE. 357 UISHOP CHASE AND WIFE. pvcrv least' and deed depend on the express condition that nothing detrimental to the morals and studies of youth be allowed on the jjreniise.s." A still broader <|uestiou, also, must needs be settled. What should be the nature of the new institution ? Should it be simply a .school for the education of clergymen? or should it open its doors to all classes of citizens? Some said, " have nothing but a theolog- ical seminary." Mr. Charles Hammond, a trustee, and a very influential citizen of Ohio, said this most earnestly, and indeed went so far as to prepare and carry through the Leg- islature a bill for the incorporation of " The Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Dioce.se of Ohio," and .so fixed the legal title of the new institution. l')Ut ])ishiip Chase was equally strenuous tlie other way. His first thought had been to pi-ovide ministers for the waste places of the church — his second and greater thouglit now was " t(j be of service to his country, without regard to denomination in religion.'' " But two courses," said he, in his address before the convention, "are before us — either to confine our .seminary to theological candidates only ; or, if we receive students in gen- 358 KENYON COLLEaE. eral science, to lay a foundation sufficiently strong and large to sustain the magnitude or the college, which must be reared to do those students justice. In the former case, noth- ing more is necessaiy than to turn your attention to the deed of gift of my own estate in Worthiugton. In the latter case, the only thing presented worthy of your attention is the proposed lands in Knox county. Here is a foundation on which to erect an edifice worthy of the kind expectations of our esteemed benefactors. On this we can build, and expect the further assistance of a sympathizing world. On this we can build, and justly expect the patronage of our civil government. Anything less than this would be lo deo-rade, not to imjDrove, our present blessings. There will be no college for all professions if the Knox county plan fail. No otlier can give any adequate encouragement." A most favorable report was received from the committee of the convention to whom this matter was referred, declaring that "the lands in Knox County afforded an eligible site for the seminary and college, and combined advantages of greater mag^ nitude than any offer that had been made." So it was decided that the Theological Seminary of the Diocese of Ohio, and Kenyon College, should be forever established upon these lands, and the broad plan was adopted of laboring to build up, 'not only a school of theology, but a college as well. The English funds were to be appropriated sacredly to the purpose for which they were given. The college endowment, it was hoped, might, in some other way, be secured. This choice of a location amid well-nigh untrodden forests involved, as a matter of course, heavy sacrifices and large outlays of labor. It was necessary to begin with the very elements of civilization. Workmen must be gathered, land made ready for tilling, crops raised and harvested, and cabins built for shelter. In fiict, for some years, farming, milling, and merchandising were carried on in the name of college, and the institution came to be possessed of a store, a hotel, a printing-office, a saw- mill, a grist-mill, a carpenter and a shoemaker's shop, with houses for the miller, the dairymen, and the workmen to dwell in. So ere long the funds contributed by English friends were spent, and the resources of the pioneer Bishop were quite exhausted. It was needful, therefore, to make additional appeals for aid, and very naturally the "public crib" was thought of as a ready source of succor. So in December, A. D. 1827, Bishop Chase went to Columbus, addressed the Legislature, and received from that body an indorsement of an appeal to Congress for a donation from the public lands. Soon after a biU was introduced into the U. S. Senate making a grant of a township of land. The bill was advocated by prominent Senators (among others, by Thomas H. Benton and William Henry Harrison), and passed, but in the House of Eepresentatives party spirit was roaring like a flood, and drowned the voice of the infant college. The bill failed in committee, and, amid the rush of other business, was pushed aside. The good Bishop was keenly disappointed, but not in despair. Kenewed effort was his refuge. So at once he scattered broadcast a public appeal entitled "The Star in the West, or Kenyon College in the year of our Lord 1828." KENYON COLLEGE. 359 "Never l)ef'ore," lie wrote, "on any other i)lan have the expenses of a public education been brought within the compass of seventy dollars a year; never before has the light of science beamed thus on the cottages of the poor. Who, then, would not give his mite to expedite the completion of a college erected in the woods at great personal sacrifice, and for such benevolent purposes ? A small sum only is asked of every friend, of every name and class. In this way numbers will make amends for deficiency in quantity, and in this way tlie wound occasioned by the late disap- pointment in Congress will be healed by the hand of individual beneficence. In this way the commenced buildings may be finished, and the great work accomplished. Whoever reads this is, therefore, most respectfully and earnestly entreated immediately to enclose one uollar, in aid of the present struggles of Kenyon College, in a letter addressed to "P. Chasi;, r. M., Gambiek, Ohio." This method of begging has since had ample following, but then it had the charm of novelty, and so succeeded. The dollars, it is said, came to Gambler as the leaves ftill in autumn. Larger subscriptions were not neglected. John Quincy Adams, then ^ President of the United States, gave a hundred dollars. "Kenyon Circles" were formed in towns near and distant, and thou.sands of ladies were busy sewing for Kenyon College. In all, some twenty-five thousand dollars were received through this appeal. Meanwhile a goodly number of students had assembled at Gambler, and the work (A the college went bravely on. Bishop Chase nominally occupied the office of Presi- dent. He really filled most> efficiently the post of general manager and superintendent. Every morning the "head men" had to be directed by him as to their daily work; every evening they were gathered to give accounts of labor. There was the tilling of the thousands of broad acres to be looked after, the quarrying of stone, the erection of buildings, the industries of the village, and all this in addition to the wants, bodily, mental, and spiritual, of the student community. Besides, there was the keep- ing of detailed accounts, and the maintenance of a most extensive correspondence. The burden was altogether a very heavy one; but Bishop Chase's bror.d shoulders were well fitted to bear it, particularly as he had a most efficient helpmate in his noble wife. "Mrs. Chase entered with her whole soul into her husband's jjlans. She was a lady perfectly at home in all the arts and minutia; of housewifery ; as happy in darning stockings for the boys, as in entertaining her visitors in the parlor, in m:iking a bargain with a farmer in his rough boots and hunting blouse, as in completing a purchase from an intelligent and accomplished merchant, and as perfectly r.t home in doing business with the world about her, and in keeping the multifarious accounts of her increa.sing household, as in presiding at her dinner table, or dispensing courtesy in her drawing-room." 360 KENTOiSr COLLEQ-E. Through Ler efficiency and wisdom, and her husband's untiring and marvelous activity, Kenyon's affairs were for a time prosiserous. A corps of able professors was gatkered; there were more students than could be well accommodated, while the build- ing known as Old Kenyon, with walls four feet in thickness, rose solidly as though it were intended to stand forever. The salaries paid to the professors were, all things considered, quite ample, for the purchasing power of money in Ohio then was very great. The President received $800 per annum, and each professor $500; but stop! the story is not told. In addition the professors were supplied from the farms with every- thing they needed to sustain life, groceries only being excepted. The larger the family, therefore, the larger was the pay in butter, eggs, and meat, in flour, milk, and corn, in lights and firewood. One can not help wondering, nowadays, how they man- OLD KENYOX. aged all this — whether once in a while some one did not get the cream, and some one else the skim-milk, and whether everything was lovely in consequence. What a wonderful college Kenyon was in those early days! How multifarious its interests and possessions ! The college not only farmed a large landed estate, and kept a hotel, and shops, mills, and stores ; it boarded, also, its entire family of professors and students. One looks curiously to-day at its inventory of goods — pots, pans, pails, tubs, saucers, spoons, white dimity bed-curtains, mixed all up with oxen, cows, and vinegar. Then what could have been the need of "trundle-beds?" Possibly to pmt to sleep some home- sick freshman. The charge for board, tuition, room-rent, lights, and fuel varied from $50 to $70 per annum. Perhaps it is not to be wondered at that the provender afforded should have come in for its share of adverse criticism. An early college publication adver- I KENYON" COLLEO-E. ;>(jl tises, "Cash will he giveu at the seminary store for hats and old shoes suitable for making coffee ;" it also chronicles an "Awful Catastrophe — Died very suddenly, on Wednesday last, seventeen interesting hogs, of sore throat, endeared to the students hy their unassuming manners, gentlemanly deportment, and a life devoted to the pulilic service. The fuueral of each of them will be attended every day until the enil, in tlie (lining-hall. " Those were the days when discipline was somewhat stern. We read of a sopho- more who was commanded to the room of a professor, and severely beaten with a rod. For the first time in his life a Mississippi freshman received bodily chastisement, and even Dr. Sparrow, the Vice-President, took care to see that it was well laid on. Nor was Bishop Chase's course in Gambler all smooth sailing. Difficulties appeared which grew to great proportions. " Kenyon College," he wrote at the time, "is like other colleges in .some respects, ,and unlike all in many other respects. Tim funda- mental principle in which it differs from all others is, that the whole institution is patriarchal. Like Abraham on the plains of Mamre, it hath pitched its tent under the trees of Gambler hill, it hath its flocks and its herds, and its different families of teachers, scholars, mechanics, and laborers, all united under one head, pursuing one common interest, and receiving their maintenance and food from one common source, the funds and farms of the college." The picture, it must be confe.s.sed, is not without its beauties, though the coloring is certainly more occidental than oriental. Accurately drawn, it would have shown western workmen ready to cry, " indej)endence," a west- ern faculty to question the limits of authority, and western Young America to cheer them on. Pecuniary troubles added to the embarrassments of the situation. So on the ninth of September, 1831, Bishop Chase resigned the presidency of the college and the episcopate of Ohio. The next day he mounted " Cincinnatus," and rode sorrow- fully away, and Gambler saw his face no more. He was afterward elected Bishop of Illinois, :in but this patronage gradually waned until, in the winter of 1841, there were so few Southern students in the college that the members of the Nu Pi Kappa were apprehensive that tlie society would cease to exist for want of new members. This was a serious question with the members of the society. I determined to open the subject to my intimate friend Hayes, to see if we could not devise some mode to prevent the extinction of the society, which was chartered by the state, and had valu.able property. We talked over the subject witli all tlie feeling and interest with which we would now discuss the best means of bringing about an era of good feeling between the two sections of the country. At last Hayes said, ' Well, I will get " Old Trow " Comstock, and some others to join Avith me. and we will send over a delegation from our society to yours, and then we can make new arrangements so that both societies can live in the old college.' He and I then wSit to work to consummate our plan. Ten members of the Philomathesian joined the Nu Pi Kappa. A joint committee was then appointed from the two societies, that reported a plan by wliich students could enter either society without reference to North or South. Thus Hayes, by his magnanimity, perpetuated the existence of the Nu Pi Kappa society, and should he be elected President, I earnestly hope that he may be equally successful in his best efforts in behalf of a civil policy whicli will wipe out forever the distinction between North and South in the government of our common country." ' The following letter from President Hayes, written after his last election as Governor, i may be taken as fairly representative of the kindly feeling entertained by the graduates I of the college in general : Fremont, Ohio, October 13, 1875. My Kenyon Friends: A host of congratulatory dispatches are before me. I can not acknowl- edge with even a word of thanks the most of them. But yours, first to be replied to, touches me particularly. Accept my thanks for it. I hope you will all have reason to remember old Kenyon with as much satisfaction as I do. I have no more cherished recollections than those wliich are I associated with college life. Except the four years spent in the Union army, no other jjeriod of ' my life is to be compared with it. I hope you may all have equal reason always to think of Kenyon as I do. In the greatest haste, I remain, sincerely, K. B. Hayes. KEXYON COLLEGE. 365 KUTIIERFORl) H. HAYES. The exp('U.-i('s ol' living iti (iunihicr in early day.-* were very small. The annual charges were : For Ijistnu-tion $:») 0(1 Foi r.diinl ;il till' College table 40 00 I'ldiim rfiit ill :i room with a stovr 4 00 Room rent in :i room witli a )ire-|il:icc (i 00 For theological .■itudeuts and son.-^ of clergymen the total charge wa.^ fifty dollars. 366 KENYON COLLEGE. Those were the days when the boys were required ' ' to sweep their own rooms, make their own beds and fires, bring their own water, black their own boots, if they ever were blacked, and take an occasional turn at grubbing in the fields, or working on the roads." The discipline was somewhat strict, and the toil jjerhaps severe, but the few pleasures that were allowed were thoroughly enjoyed. During the President's school-days there were two great men at Gambier, Bishoj) Mcllvaine, and Dr. William Sparrow. There were other eminent men among the in- structors: Major Douglass was a man of ability, and the traditions which still linger in the place concerning Professor Koss clearly show that he was possessed of remarkable power; but Bishop Mcllvaine and Dr. Sparrow were pre-eminently great men — men BEXLEY HALL. whose greatness has been felt as an educating influence on both sides of the Alleghanies. Bishop Mcllvaine's was a divided duty, for in addition to his college labors he had the care of a large and struggling diocese ; while Dr. Sparrow gave to Kenyon his full and undivided strength, and so had the stronger hold upon the students. He led them not only wisely and bravely, but faithfully and with a true heart. President Hayes speaks of him as "one of the giants;" Secretary Stanton also honored him through life, and sent for him in his later days that he might be baptized at his hands. Until the year 1840 there was a joint faculty of theology and arts in Gambier. At that time separate faculties were constituted, with separate heads. Bishop Mcllvaine con- tinuing at the head of the Theological Seminary, while Major D. B. Douglass, LL.D., was elected to the presidency of the college. Major Douglass was an accomplished civil engineer, a soldier, and " every inch a man." He began his work earnestly in Gambier, and improvement was the order of the day. But the time was not ripe for him. He was succeeded within a few years by Rev. Dr. S. A. Bronson. ^ KENYON COLLEGE. 367 In 1842 a pecuniary crisis came. Bishop Mcllvaine labored witli ;ill his might, and secured the needed thirty thousand dollars. The chief event accomplished during Dr. Bronson's presidency was the sale of a large portion of the college lands. Though of very cc^nsiderable value, these lands, from the first, had brought to the institution only the scantiest returns. One agent after another had been employed to oversee them. The raising of sheep proved disas- trous ; the culture of wheat could not be made to pay. Many of tlie tenants turned out to b? either shiftless or dishonest. So, in the year 1850, alter much discussion, it was determined that the form of the investment sIkhiM l)e changed, and the lands were ordered to be sold. Almost immediately there came increased prosperity. Happily, too, at this juncture, Lorin Andrews, LL.D., was elected President. The friend and champion of popular education in Ohio, he found helpers in every county of the State. The list of stu- dents was quickly swelled, so that in 1855 "room for enlargement" was a thing of necessity. President Andrews resigned in 1861 to enter the Union army. He was the first volunteer ft-om Ohio, entering the .service as Colonel of the Fourth Ohio In- fantry. Very soon, however, he con- tracted disease, from the effects of which lie died. His body rests in a quiet nook of that college park, which so often echoed to his step. AVith President Hayes, he was for a time a member of the class of 1842. His successors in the oflice of Presi- dent of Kenyon College have been Charles Short, LL.D. ( 18'J.j-67;, James Kent Stone, A.M. (1867-68), Eli T. Tappan, LL.D. (1868-75), William B. Bodine, D.D., the present incumbent. The rolling years have brought added endowments to Kenyon, though she still waits for such large benefactions as have been given to colleges in the Eastern States. Upon the occasion of one of his latest visits to his native land, Mr. George Peabody contributed the endowment of one professorship (twenty-five thousand dollars), chiefly out of regard and afl^ection for Bishop Mcllvaine, his early and life-long friend. Mrs. R. B. Bowler, of Clifton, Cincinnati, gave the sum requisite for another professorship, in memory of her husband, whose interest in Kenyon had been warmly manifested. Mr. Jay Cooke bestowed thirty thou.sand dollars in the days of his large prosperity. Other considerable sums have also been received, chiefly through the exertions of a long-tried ROSSE HALL. 368 KENTON COLLEaE. and devoted advocate and helper, the Kt. Rev. Gregory Thurston Bedell, D.D. By his ardent and faithful endeavors, Bishop Bedell has secured contributions for Gambier in all amounting to nearly two hundred thousand dollars. For her present measure of prosperity, if not, indeed, for her very existence, the one man to whom, after Bishop Chase, Kenyon College is most indebted, is the Eev. M. T. C. Wing, D.D. For a third of a century, in addition to the duties of his Professorshij), he carried on his strong shoulders the financial burdens of the College. He struggled through deep waters, but he bravely triumphed. Bishop Bedell has justly said, concerning him: "Not more than once in the history of such an Institution A^^.L^»iu^ 11 i.LL does a friend appear like him, equally disinterested and thoroughly devoted to its good — willing to spend his strength and his last days, and actually spending them, in its behalf." Bishop Mcllvaine also testified truly "to his eminent faithfulness, wisdom, self-devotion, patience, and constancy in most trying circumstances," and rightly added: " His memory will ever be cherished with the fondest afl"ection and veneration." To the Eev. Dr. AVing, and the Rev. Dr. Bronson — both true, noble, great-souled Christian men — Kenyon College owes a debt of gratitude which she can never .repay. This sketch has been written with special reference to Kenyon in the past. A rapid glance at the buildings of the institution may help to give an idea of her development and growth, and of her capacities for present usefulness. Bexley Hall stands upon a knoll at the northern extremity of the village, ll was erected for the exclusive use of the Theological Seminary, after a design given bj' the architect of the London Crystal Palace. It contains the library of the seminary — about seven thousand volumes — and furnished rooms, each with separate bed-rooms, for thirty- four students. ' CHURCH Ol- THK HOI.V Sl'lklT. 1- ROM THK NORTil. I KKNA'ON COLLKdK. gyf) The College Park is about half a mile in the opposite direction : a broad and woll- shadrcl aveiuio leads tlic way tlicretci. Near ihc soullu'rnniosi, point of iliis |iarls, just iijiiin tlic brow of the hill, and overlooking for miles the charming Kokosing valley, stands till' more massive and venerahlo edifice of Kenyon College. This building is of plain stone, I'.IO feet long, and four stories high, including the hasen)ent; with battle- ments, pinnacles, belfry, and a spire 117 feet high. It contains upwards of fifty rooms I'nr st\iilents; also tlie lil)raries of the I'liilonialliesian and Nil i*i Ka|i|ia Societies. Ixosse Hall, a sid)stantial stone building in Ionic architecturi', is used for leetui-es and rhetorical exercises, and on commencement occasions, and is eai)able of acconnno- dating nearly a thousand |>ersons. Close by ( )ld Kenyon stands A.scension Hall, an imposing strncture, and oiu- ot' tlie finest college buildings in the land. It contains two spacious and elaljorately furnished halls for the literary .societies, six recitation and lecture rooms, the library of Kenyon College, with its museum, and twenty-six rooms for students. The tower is used for an observatory. Directly north of Ascension, and about fifty yards from the village street, stands the college church, the "Church id' the Holy Spirit,'" which was finished in 1871. This most beautiful of all the buildings in Cand)ier is cruciform — witii the tower in one cd' the angles — the nave and chancel being ninety feet and the transepts eighty feel in length — all the windows are of stained ghi-ss — the church finished in oak, and tlie walls ta.stefully illuiniualed. The Imilding is of the .same freestone as Ascension Hall, laid in courses, with dressed ipioins and facings. It will accommodate a congregation lA' about six hundr<'d. hy, ti'ansplanted from Melrose .Vbbey, has already begun to adorn its walls. Within, the coloring and carving are most attractive. The funds for the ei'cc- tion of this collegi' eliureh were given bv mend)crs of the Church of the .\scension, New York, as a ti'ibiite of appi'eeialion for tlieir former rector. Bishop Bedell. 'fo the north and east of' the village, and somc distance from the main street, environed by tri'es, ami eommaniling an extensive and, beautiful pro.spect of the valley yf the Kokosing, stands Milnor Hall, built for the use of the Preparatory School. This is a plain slrurluieof brick, the main buildings f'oui' stories high. In all her re(|nisiles tor adunssion, and in the course of study, Kenyon does not niaterially diller IV the leading coUeires of the Eastern States. She aims to give a thorough liberal education, and believes in the vahu' of har-d mental disci]dine. She believe.- also in right r<>ligiou> influences, and lal)ors to afford them, pursuing steadily "the line, the beautiful, the good." In lier view, " Christianity is the .science of man- IioimI," mil all trutii, being (iod's truth, should lead finally to Him. So her faith is hberal, eonservativt', t'vangelical, catholic. KENYON COLLEGE. (EoIIegiate €bucation. The following letter, bearing upon collegiate education, will be read with interest : Cincinnati, March 8, 1880. My Dear Sir — I am glad to know that your College work at Kenyon is so promising. The solid reputation of the College in the past, and the good organization you now have, ought to insure a greatly enlarged constituency from which students would be drawn. I only repeat what I have said to you before, when I say that my observa- tion satisfies me that the education actually given in the smaller Colleges of the country (and this, of course, includes nearly all of our Western institu- tions of learning) is not inferior to that given in the better ones of the East. In all such matters there are compensations of advantage and disadvan- tage. The not infrequent interchange of teachers, by which Professors are transferred from the West to the East, proves that men of the highest com- petency in their departments are found in the one class of schools as well as the other. The smaller College gives to the pupil a much greater proportion of the time of an experienced professor, and the student lias an advantage of much more personal contact with his teacher. The direct influence upon the growth of character, intellectual and personal, is thus much greater. Again, the smaller Colleges are generally less expensive, and this brings to them a large proportion of young men who have their own way to make, and must economize their means. These students are generally possessed by the true thirst for knowledge, and the heat of their zeal makes a generous emulation in which similar zeal is stimulated. A fair con-sideration of these fhings shows that there is no good reason why such Colleges as Kenyon should not hold their OM^n against the world, and the better the matter is understood the less cause you will have to avoid com- parison. The great schools will always attract more of those to whom economy is needless, and distance from home of small account; but there ought to be enough all around us who could not go to New England, but who know the worth of those near home, and are able to go through our home Colleges, to fill up the classes to the maximum size, that a professor can thoroughly teach, and so secure to all who come the great advantages of which I have spoken. KENYON COLLEGE. 37J • I liave all my life urged young men, who think of professional life, to make sure of a regular College course of study. Again and again I luive said to such, I will guarantee that you will be further on in any profession you may choose a( the end of five years after graduating, then you would have been had you entered without such preliminary general education. In other words, 1 believe any young man, whose intellect tits him for a learned profession at all, will reach a higher grade in it with five years of good work after graduating, thnn he would in, say, eight or nine years without the discipline and enlarge- ment of his powers by a good College course of study; and he must be a man of very extraordinary parts and uncommon industry who would not feel the difference all his life. I protest, however, that this economical view of the question, decisive as I think it, is of very small moment compared with the enlargement of the whole horizon of one's intellectual life by a liberal education in youth. Every generous mind ought to regard that as inestimable, when rightly and earnestly "*'^*^'- Sincei'ely your friend. Rev. Dr. Bodine, Jacob D. Cox. President Kenyon College. Bishop's Hoise, No. 11 Cliff Street, Pittsburgh. July 1, 1879. Kenyon College is now renewing its vigor and enterprise. It has a long record of excellent work done, and it has now fresh agencies and facilities for thorough academic work. It has grounds surpassing any college grounds that I know in extent, beauty and cultivation, and its buildings are very ample and convenient. I believe that its religious teachings and influences are heartily in accord with the Gospel and Church of Christ, as our Prayer Book guides us. It therefore gratifies me to commend the College to parents in my diocese seeking a College home for their sons. j^^jj g Kerfoot, Biitlwp of I'Ulshimih. I most heartily concur in the recommendation of Kenyon College, made above by the Bishop of Pittsburgh. 'P rj D^jyu^y Assistant BMop of Kcntueky. I very cordially and heartily endorse Bishop Kerfoofs letter. (iEO. W. Peterkin, Bithop of Went Virginia. I cordially commend Kenyon and its schools as worthy of unqualified con- fi'^en'^'*'- Sami-el S. Harris, BMiop of Mifkigiin. 372 KENYON COLLEGE. BISHOP MolLVAINE'S POLICY. Forty- years ago Bishop Mcllvaine wrote: "It should be recolleciecl that ill the West a College can hardly be expected to sustain a dignified stand as to the requisites for admission, to enforce a vigorous system of internal discipline, and carry out such a course of study as becomes its profession and its degrees, witliout sacrificing for a long time numbers for attainments. It is tlie deter- mination of those in the administration of Kenyon College to endeavor to atlain an enlarged patronage without compromise with any defective notions of education, or any humoring of popular caprice. A few young men well educated are worth a host superfidally taught. Such a determination in this country requires much patience and firmness in its prosecution, but I trust it will never yield to any temptation to popularity or pecuniary increase. Dlti- matelv it must have its reward.'" Extract from the remarks of President Hayes, at the commencement exercises of Kenyon College, June 24, 18S0: "I naturally desire to say a word expressive of the happiness it give me in being again in Gambier, surrounded by so many friends, college acquain- tances, and comrades of former years To this pleasure another great gratifi- cation is added. I rejoice to see the encouraging improvement in the condition and prospects of Kenyon College. Situated as it is, near the center of the central State of the Union, easily reached from all parts of the country, with a site of unsurpassed beauty, ]ierfecfly healthy and comfortable for labor and study at all seasons, removed completely from every influence unfriendly to virtue and scholai"ly pursuits, with ample grounds and buildings, and out of debt, there is every reason for believing that Kenyon College and its attendant institutions are about to share in full measure the abounding prosperity with which our country is blessed." Extract from the remaks of Chief Justice Waite : " It give me very great pleasure this morning to oifer my congratulations to you upon the progress Kenyon has made since my last visit to this place. I see about me everywhere evidences of this progress, and since I have been here I have asked, why is it? and I can find no other answer than that tiie President and Faculty of Kenyon have determined that whatever be the num- ber of its graduates, the standard of the College in scholarship shall always be first-class. Going out from Kenyon, a graduate may safely place himself alongside of the graduates of any other college. And I promise you, and I promise myself, this : that so long as the Faculty of Kenyon are as faithful to their duties as they have been, the graduates will always be proud of giving the name of their Alma Mater." KENYON COLLEGE. 373 Ctbpantagcs (Dffcreb by lUmyon dollcge Fr.) u a leading article in The Stundurii of tlir Ciox.s ] Ki'iiyoii can offer many strong claims lor our patronage. In her reputa- lii)ii and lier iiigli standard of scholarship she has a great advantage over most \\'estorn Colleges. In point of e.xpense, in nearness to our home, in close relation between pi'of'essors and students, she has an advantage over Ma.stern Colleges; and in moral tone and religious influences she has, we tliink, a decided advantage over most colleges, whether East or West. The greater cheapness of living at Gambler is a great advantage over tlie leading Eastern Colleges. President Eliot, of Harvard, in his recent annual report, gives ibur scales of expenditure for students at Harvard. He gives .1iljl5 as an "economical," 1830 as a "moderate," .f 1,305, as an "ample" annual expenditure. This statement was made to show that the necessary cost at Harvard was not much greater than at other leading Eastern Colleges; but it is two or three times greater than at Ciambier. To very wealthy par- ents, a large scale of expenditure may seem an advantage; and yet, to tiiose who see that nine are ruined, morally or financially, by extravagance, where one is harmed by economy, it seems wise that, during the formative period of college life, the tendency to extravagance should be repressed rather than encouraged. Kenyon has for us another advantage over the Eastern Colleges in its nearness to our Ohio homes. One leaving Cleveland or Cincinnati in the morning can dine at noon at IJambier. The home intluence ought to be main- tained at its maximum, and its power is very apt to be like that of attrac- tion — "inversely as the square of the distance." There is also, doubtless, a much closer relation between professor and students at Kenyon than at the great Eastern Colleges. At Kenyon the professors come into close personal relations with the students. They know each man well, and feel a personal interest in him; and are often able to exert a personal intluence over him which is worth more than any amount of mere instruction could be. If intellectual culture were the only object, it is believed that it would be wise for our people to send their sons to Kenyon. But intellectual culture ought not to be the only object. Thorough Christian character is worth more than any measure of mental endowment — worth more as a personal posses- sion—worth more as an outward intluence — worth more even as a mercantile capital, in these days of rich insolvences, and respectable defalcations, and 374 KEN YON COLLEGE. cultured embezzlements, real Christian character is to be more and more at a premium. For the building up of such a cliaracter, Kenyon has great advan- tages. In too many of our Colleges Christianity is almost overlooked, and in too many others it is so presented that it does not attract the noblest natures, nor do the best work. Christianity is too often so presented to young men that they think of it as a blind belief in a system of doctrines which have no logical relation to a good life, and as tending to produce either the outgushing of a feeble emotionalism, or the timid unreasoning of a credulous faith. It ought to be so presented that they will think of it as an intelligent, loving obedience to a system of truth which has the closest logical relation to a good life — a system of truth whose real tendency is, not to make reason receive irom faith the check of any timidity, but rather to make it receive from faith the stimulus of the grandest courage — that courage whicli dares to trust the eternal excellence and the eternal safety of truth. Christianity is an adequate cause for the production of all that is strongest, and truest, and bravest, and noblest, in human character. It ought to be so presented that it will be seen to be such a cause, and felt to be such a cause. We believe that it is so pre- sented at Gambler. We can hardly estimate the advantages the smaller colleges have in the freer and more constant contact of professor and student. One of the bright- est sayings of the lamented Garfield was that Mark Hopkins sitting upon one end of a log, and he on the other, would be college enough for him. His wide experience of life and his keen observation had taught him that great num- bers of teachers presenting the details of the sciences and literatures are not so necessary for the student as close contact with a bi'oad, sympathetic, power- ful mind from whom the pupil not only gets the strong grasp of j^rinciples, but catches enthusiasm of learning, and is stimulated to double endeavor by the magnetic power of calm and • true wisdom. In great institutions there are merely physical obstacles which make any real intimacy between teacher and student almost impossible. In the smaller ones the contact may be as close as you choose to nJake it, and I maj^ be permitted to say that the duty of making the most of this as a powerful educational force should be matter of earnest thought to every professional teacher. It would not be i'ar wrong to say that, in the great colleges of our time, the strong tendency is for the, teacher to be sunk in the investigator and the writer, and that teaching as an art and in its higher walks is more and more left to the faculties of the smaller colleges. It is one thing to walk the groves with Plato, it is quite another to follow, as one of some hundreds, the dictation of the ablest lecture of which student ever made notes. GENERAL J. D. COX. KEN YON COLLEGE, 375 (X ^enyon €pi5obe in Wav Ctmc The Triennial Catalogue, published in 1873, contains a " Roll of Students of Kenyon College, the Theological Seminary, and Milnor Hall, who Served in the Army or Navy of the United States, 1861-65." Of these, the Secre- tary of War, Edwin M. Stanton, was the most distinguished; but others gave themselves to their country's service with much of the same devotion, some of whom gained great and lasting renown. Four reached the rank of Major-General, and a still larger number that of Brigadier-General. There were more than a dozen Colonels ; and Lieutenant-Colonels, and Majors, and Captains in great profusion. The war spirit pervaded the land, and every now and then carried away some students, tilled with patriotism, who could not remain in a quiet retreat whilst some friends of their _youth were risking their lives on the field of battle, and their country's destiny seemed to be trembling in the balance. In September, 1862, it appeared to be probable that the State of Ohio would be invaded. The Confederate forces, under Gen. Kirby Smith, were reported to be in the neighborhood of Lexington, Kentucky, and it was believed that they would move still further northward. There was great excitement in Cincinnati. Gen. Lew. Wallace was put in command of that city, and of the neighboring cities of Covington and Newport, in Kentucky. Martial law was proclaimed. Orders were issued to close all places of busi- ness, and citizens were commanded to assemble and organize for defense. The following proclamation was also issued : '• Cincinnati, September 2, 1862. "7b the Loyal People of the River Countie-H: "Our southern border is threatened with invasion. I have, therelbre, to recommend that all the loyal men of your counties at once form themselves into military companies and regiments, to beat back the enemy at any and ail points he may attempt to invade our State. Gather up all the arms in the County, and furnish yourselves with ammunition for the same. The service will be of but few days duration. The soil of Ohio must not be invaded by the enemies of our glorious government. n David Tod Oovernor." Before this time, there had been a military company among the College students, who enjoyed the luxury of a drill witii wooden muskets. Some of these students were just returning after the summer vacation, expecting to go to work at their books and recitations, when a different call was heard, and oft" thev started "on a lark" for the supposed seat of war. They were a tine lot 376 KENYON COLLEGE. of fellows, true and patriotic to the core ; but they had their share of the thoughtlessness of youth, and of a boy's love of adventure. The organization of a " Company " was quickly eft'ected. The Captain chosen was Professor George T. Chapman. Prof. Chapman Avas a young man himself, popular with the students, who fully appreciated his brilliant intel- lectual gifts, his scholarly attainments, and his rare powers as an instructor, and who knew that he would lead them well on the tented field, as he had led them well in the class room at old Kenyon and Ascension Hall. Wm. E. Powell was First Lieutenent of the Company, and Edwin L. Stanton Second Lieutenant. The weapons obtained were somewhat better tlian " wooden muskets," but they were a mixed medle.y of shot guns, squirrel rifles, and a few old muskets. There was no railroad at Gambler then. So the cars were taken at Mt. Vernon, and a stop made for dinner and a change of cars at New- ark. From Newark to Columbus the ride was made on freight cars, which were already well filled with paroled prisoners on their way to Camp Chase. Not unnaturally, many of " the boys " betook themselves to the top of the cars, and rode safely thereon. Cincinnati was reached about S o'clock in the evening. The company was marched up to the Fifth Street Market place, where supper was provided on the butchers' blocks. It was a very noisj^ crowd that went from there to Pha?nix Hall, on Cen- tral avenue, where the night was spent. There was gloom in the city, for it was believed that danger was at hand. But the boys " made the welkin ring " with patriotic songs, and student's songs, and shouts of all kinds, and many heads were put out as thej' moved cheerily along. As for sleep, the students were told that they could go to bed on the floor, but tiiey were in too livelj'^ a mood for that ; so slumber kept far away. The next morning the company was sent back to the Fifth Street Market for breakfast, where some of Siegel's German veterans (who were returning north after their Pea Ridge victory) came in crowds to see the son of the renowned Secretary of War. They might well have believed that Mr. Stan- ton had a very large family, for nearly every student was pointed out as the sou of the distinguished head of the War Department in Washington. Soon the freight cars were called into service again, and tiie company was carried down tlie river to North Bend, to guard the ford known as Anderson's Ferry, where it was thought the Confederate forces migiit possibly attempt to cross. Tlie night 'was spent in the bunks of some '' squirrel hunters " who had moved on. The next morning the camp was formed in a vacant field at the toj) of the hill, and the student company was consolidated with a company from Clifton, Cincinnati. Of the company, as thus reorganized, the officei's were Charles M. Buch- anan (of Clifton) Captain; William R. Powell, First Lieutenant; L. Gardiner, (of Clifton) Second Lieutenant. The remaining offices held by the Kenyon KENYON COLLEGE. 377 contingent were, George T. Uiuqjnian, Coinissary, Kdwin L. Stanton, First Sergeant; Simeon C. Hill, FourOi Sergeant; Frank W. riul)l)y, Filtii Ser- geant; William W. Farr, Second Corporal; W. Percy Browne, Tliird Corporal. The remaining companies in the regiment were composed of (Icnnans. and all gnard duty was assigned to these "dutchnien." Hy hodk or \>y crook, some of the students managed to circumvent the gnards. and some tall forag- ing was done in the vineyards that nuide the hillsides glad, and in the orchard that once belonged to President William Henry Harrison, at the loot of the hill. It is, perhaps, not to be wondered at that, when a s(iiiad of the college boys was sent by authority to protect the orchard from maramlers, the honest gardener should himself blaze away with his gun in a somewhat dangerous fashion, and peremptorily order them away. The scare, however, was soon over, and the freight cars carried some joUv students back to the "Queen City of the West." Up the hills the hoys were nuirched, as far as Clifton, and there an ovation was tendered them. Hishop McHvaine's son was one'of the Kenyon boys, and the company had formally elected tlie Bishop as their Chaplain. The Bishop had visited them in camp, and now welcomed them to the village where he dwelt, and commended Ihem heartily tor their i)atriotic zeal. The next day a special car was lurnished by President L'Hommedieu, of the Cincinnati, Hamilton A- Dayton Ivailroad, and the homeward journey began. When Gambler was reached a warm welcome was e.\tended, and shouts tilled the air. The "war-worn veterans" were drawn up in front of Ascension Hall, and speeches of congratulation wereynade. x\nd then a dingy looking crowd betook themselves to their rooms. Their faces were dirty with smoke, and with beards that had been growing for a fortnight — but they had shown their valor, and they were not sorry to be at home again — and soon, with clean face.-s and clean clothes, to appear at recitations and then go singing their college songs, and their songs of patriotism also, along the dear old walks of Gaml)ier. Each student afterwards received a certiticate, in wonls as follows: •'THE SOl'lRRKL Hl'M'KRs' DISCU.-VKCiK. "Cincinnati was menaced by the enemies of t>uv Inion. David Tod, Governor of Ohio, called on the Minute Men of the Stale, and the S(juirrel Ihniters came by thousands to the rescue. Vou, were one of iheiii,' and this is vonr Honorable Discharge. ,, w 1. "Approved by Adjt. Gen. of Ohio. " I)AVin Ton, Malcolm McDowkll, ''Gortnior. Miiji'r . C." With each "discharge" came also a letter from the (iovernor, full of force and (ire, commending the past fidelity of each and all. and e.xpressing confi- dence that they could be trusted to do their full duly, should any emergene^'^ again arise. And thus ended a "memorable campaign." 378 KENYON COLLEGE. Some n)orbs (£oncci-niiig (Sambier — Past, Present, anb future. BY WILLIAM B. BODINE. On a lovely afternoon in October, 1862, I first saw the beautiful village of Ganibier. I had come from my home in New Jersey to enter the Middle Year in the Theological Seminary. But for the Civil War, which was then raging, I should have gone, ibr my theological training, to Alexandria, Virginia. There was more part}^ feeling in the Church then than now, and that kept me from the General Seminary in New York. So to Gambler I wended my way, and found the Divinity Department fuller of students than it ever had been before, or than it ever has been since. The two years of my stay in Gambler, as a student, were very happy years. The associations were pleasant, and, in many waj's, exceedingly helpful. With me, as with others, some of the friendships then formed have been among the strongest of my life. I owe something to my professors. I owe a great deal, also, to some of my fellow- students. The Protestant Episcopal Church has greatly improved during the last quarter of a century in one particular. A much larger number of its adher- ents prize the catholicity of the Church and value a teaching which has regard to " the continuity of Christian thought.''' We wonder, indeed, that " Hodge's Outlines of Theology " could ever have been a leading text-book in a Church training-school, and that the literature of the Plymouth Brethren could have been commended as the most valuable of Christian literature, after the Sacred Books themselves. In this regard, we cannot approve the influ- ence of the Gambler of twenty-five years ago. But there were other influ- ences which were enlarging and exalting. And, on the whole, those who were then students of Bexley Hall gladly recognize their obligations to the professors in that school, who did a great deal to help them to become good ministers of Je-eus Christ. . After leaving Gambler, most pleasant memories of the place lingered with me. So, after seven years of parochial work in Baltimore and Brooklyn, I was glad, on being asked, to return to a spot so dear, as Chaplain of Kenyon College and Pastor of the village community. I came, and the five years which followed were the happiest of my life. Stanley Matthews once said to me that his ideal of a contented, peaceful, satisfying, earthly existence had always been associated with the thought of a professorship in such a place as Gambler. For five j'ears this contented and joyous existence was mine. But it was not to last. A President for Kenvon College was wanted, badlv KENYON COLLEGE. 379 wanted. And it was hoped, also, that Bexley Hall (which iiad been closed), might be re-opened under a competent head. One place or t lie other, or both, had been offered to ten ditlerent men and by them declined. l>'or the College presidency Phillips Brooks was first choice, and John Cotton Smith second choice. Alter them came AVilliam Stevens Perry (now Bisho]) Perry), George Zabriskie Gray, and Samuel Hart. The leading position in (he Divinity School was offered first to Dean Howson, and afterwards to (he llev. Drs. Walter W. Williams, J. H. Eccleston, and W. P. Orrick. Declinations became monotonous. Finally, in December, 187(), 1 was elected President of Kenyon College and Dean of the Theological Seminary, and soon thereafter I accepted the election and began to try to do the work which it seemed rigid (lia( I should do. There were many notices ol the election, of course, in both the secular and the Church newspapers. Apart from words of commendation, amounting to Hattery, the fact was emphasized in both the Churchiiuiii, and the iSout/iern (7iurc/ima>i that, by this election, the new head represented the three Institu- tions at Gambler, the (Grammar School, the College, and the Theological Semi nary, and was " a center of unity " lor all. " By this action," it was said, " the great idea of old Bishop Chase is kept prominenthy in view, and these three Schools, under one leadership, will become more than ever aggressive for the truths of the Gospel and the principles of the Churcii."' What was t/ien really needed was that these Schools should be actualli/ under oiw Icddcrsh'tp, and this is still a crying need to-day. Sober words came to inc Iroin those who were in a position to know the difficulties of the situation. One of the Bishops on the Board of Trustees wrote: "Greeting! Hurrah for Kenyon! I have my wish. I always believed you were the man for us, and now there you are. I pity you, but for the Church and College I thank God and take courage." From one of the manliest and most sensible men on the Board (now a Bishop), these words came: "• You will have heard before this of your election as President of the College and Dean of the Seminary. I prefer that you should know from myself that 1 (!ould not see my way clear to vote in favor of the appointment. So many men have been sacrificed as Presidents of Kenyon that I made up my mind not to expose any one to the perils of the place (so far as my vote was concerned), who iiad not previously been tried in somewhat similar positions. And I wish you also to know that 1 moved the resolution by which the Trustees made the election uiKuiimous. 'I'luit means that we all propose to give you, and the Institutions under you. our hearty support. It is a forlorn hope, I am afraid, this effort to get the Institutions out of their present condition. But you have been appointed to lead the advance, and I do not see how you can get out of it. It is a hard place to which vou have been called, and you are not to be envied." 380 KENYON COLLEGE, Another friend, a man of largest wisdom, wrote : " You have a fair fight- ing chance of winning. But our orders are not to conquer but to fight. You can hope to succeed as men count success; but you can he sure to succeed as God counts success. The loving laith that dares to venture and to labor for Him is success." A statesman of national reputation thought it wise, among other things, to say : " You must not, and I trust will not, forget that envy folldws success. Cain set the example; Joseph's brethren followed it, and other followers have been exceedingly numerous i'rom that day to this." I was then thirty-five years old, and young for my years. But I was capable of enthusiasm i'or any good cause committed to me, and perfectly willing to lead a forlorn hope. So I went forth to try to win in a useftil undertaking; and ere long a large measure of success came, and a still larger measure of success seemed to be at hand. The spirit abroad was one of rejoic- ing and congratulation. Surely after long waiting and much trial the hour had struck which told of new life for Gambler. But the new life seemed to be much like the new life which came into the world with Jacob and Esau. There was vigor in it, but contention and strife also; so that ere long it became necessary to stop thinking of growth and development, and to ask: can the life of the patient, the Alma Mater of hundreds of noble men, be saved? To change the figure, the question became a pressing one; can the staunch old ship outlast the storm, and gain a secure haven of refuge? In the face of such a question the matter of the lading of the vessel seemed second- ary ; its preservation was the paramount thing. When I accepted the presidency of Kenyon College it was not with the thought that I would continue therein for many years. I was resolved to give five years to it, possibly ten years, the latter only on condition of marked improvement during the first five years. That improvement came. The skies were bright, the breezes favoring, and the ship moved gaily onward. But ere ten years had passed there was a change. Into the consideration of the causes which produced this change, I do not propose to enter. Suffice it to say that recently some of the clouds have lifted, and the waves have ceased to beat with violence. As a consequence it became possible for me to write the fol- lowing letter : KenvoiN College, Gamuier, Ohio, May 1-1, 1890. Rt. Rev. Boyd Vincent, D. i>., Bishop of Southern Ohio: Mv Dear Bisiioi' — Our Board of Trustees has asked from the Diocesan Convention of Southern Ohio an expression of opinion touching the proposed changes in the Constitution of the institution legallv known as "The Theolog- KENYON COLLEGE 331 ical Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Ohnrrli in the Diocese of Ohio," and popularly known as '' Kenyon Collpfie." I am not a member of your Convention and can only express my judf; ment throuliia, I 'a. William Lawrence, F>(|., A. H W'asliinjj;! Ohio. Hon. J,ames Lawrence, A. H ( 'Icvclaml. Ohio. Dr. John Millard Lee, A. B . Coshocton, Ohio. Rev. llu^h Magnire, A. B lirooklyn, \. V. Mr. Enrique Ciriaco Miller, A. M Toledo, Ohio. Charles W. Tyler, Esq., A. M. New York, N. \. Rev. (Jeor^e W. Williams, A. U Sharon, I'a. Mr. Darwin Stanton Wolcott, A. B Sewickley, I'a. 1S72 Mr. I>eonard Blake, A. B St. Louis, Mo. Mr. Charles PI Brouson, A. B Washinnlon, D. C. Hon. Albert Douglas, A. 1! Chillicothe, Ohio. i\ev. Willison Bowers French, .\. M I'hiladelphia, I'a. Hon. Tallourd I'ark Linn, A. H ('olunilms, Ohio. Mr. John De W. H. McKinley, A. M (lolumlius, Ohio. Mr. Percy I'roctor, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. Andrew Lewis Ralston, Es(|., A. M Columbus, Ohio. Mr. William Henry Stronj!;, A. M Chicafio, ills. Rev. John Hazen While, A. B St. i'aul, Minn. i873 Dr. Charles Henry Buchanan, A. B Chicago, His. Rev. Lewis William Burton, A. M Richmond, Va. John M. Critchlield, Esq., A. B Ml. Vernon, Ohio. Frank Kershner Dunn, Esq., A. B Ml. Gilead, Ohio. *Mr. Charles Updike Fosdick, A. B (!iiicirinati, Oliio. 400 KEN YON COLLEGE. William Matthews Raynolds, Esq., A. B Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. John Barnett Sherwood, A. B Lafayette, Ind. Mr. George Franklin Southard, A. B Buffalo, N. Y. Rev. Langdou Cheves Stewardson, A. B Worcester, Mass. 1874 Prof. John G. Black, A. M Wooster, Ohio. Rev. Francis Key Brooke, A. M Atchison, Kans. Prof. William Thomas Colville, A. M Gambler, Ohio. Mr. Richard C. Flournoy, A. B Clinton, Iowa. Hon. Charles M. Ingraham, A. B. . Kansas City, Mo. Grayson Mills, Esq., A. B Sandusky, Ohio. Charles Tappan, Esq., A. M Livingston, Montana. Mr. Joseph Richard Turney, A. B Marion, Ohio. Rev. Henry Davey Waller, A. B Flushing, N. Y. i875 Rev. Norman Nash Badger, A. B Grafton, Pa. Edwai'd Gilpin Johnson, Esq., A. B Milwaukee, Wis. Mr. Frank Hardick Morrison, A. B Plainfield, N. J. Dr. Robert OTerrall, A. B Piqua, Ohio. Mr. Frederick Tomlinson Peet, A. B Minneapolis, Minn. Rev. William Wordsworth Taylor, A. B Philadelphia, Pa. William Franklin Webb, Esq., A. M . . . Cincinnati, Ohio. 1876 Rev. Charles S. Aves. A. B Norwalk, Ohio. John Charles Dunn, Esq.. A. B Mt. Gilead, Ohio. Rev. Rolla Dyer, A. B Paris, Ky. Charles Clement Fisher, Esq., A. B Marion, Ohio. Mr. James M. Greenslade, A. M Bellevue, Ohio. Rev. Edward Mansfield McGuffey, A. B Brooklyn, N. Y. Rev. Paul Sterling, A. M Lynn, Mass. Dr. Frank Pope Wilson, A. M San Francisco, Cal. 1877 Dr. Blake Axtell, A. B , Painesville, Ohio. Lieut. Harry Coupland Benson, U. S. A., A. M. .West Point, N. Y. Dr. Robert Wood Colville, A. M : . Mt. Vernon, Ohio. Dr. Lorin Hall, A. M Salt Lake City, Utah. Mr. Harry Neville Hills, A. M Gambler, Ohio. Rev. Henry Deane Page, A. M Tokio, Japan. Frank Fillmore Roberts, Esq., A. B. Cincinnati. Ohio. KENYON COLLEGE. 401 i878 Mr. Howard Mulmann Adae, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. Chester Field Adams, A. M Wichita, Kansas. Rev. Henry Dameral Aves, Ph. B . Cleveland, Ohio. Charles Martin Poague, Esq., A. B Chicago, Ills. Cassius Marcus Roberts, Esq., A. B Chillicothe, Ohio. Rev. Henry Herbert Smythe, A. M Adams, Mass. Dr. William Thomas Wright, A. JI Denison, Iowa. 1879 John Jay Adams, Esq., A. M Zanesville, Ohio. Mr. Alfred Crayton Dyer,- A. B Kinsley, Kansas. Jacob Drennen Early, Esq., A. B Terre Haute. Ind. Mr. AVillis Monro Townsend, A. B Zanesville, Ohio. 1880 Dr. Francis AVharton Blake, A. M Columbus, Ohio. Rev. Asahel Amos Bresee, A. B Wooster, Ohio. [Co.,Ohio. Dr. Samuel Herbert Britton, A. B Adelaide P. O., Marion Charles Franklin Colville, Esq., A. B Mt. Vernon, Ohio. Mr. Grove Daniel Cuilis, A. B New York, N. Y. Rev. Abner Lord Frazer, A. B Lima. Ohio. Dr. William Drake Hamilton, A. B Columbus, Ohio. Dr. Charles Page Peterman, A. B Brooklyn, N. Y. Rev. Charles David Williams, A. B Steuben ville. Ohio. Thomas Stokely Wood, Esq, A. B Stenbenville. Ohio. 1881 Hon. Joseph Pancoast Coates, Ph. B Portsmouth. Ohio. John Edwin Franks, Esq., A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. Henry Sellers Gregg. A. B St. Paul, Minn. Theodore Murdock Livesay, Esq., A. B Columbus. Ohio. Rev. Thomas Carter Page, A. M Williamsburg. Va. Rev. Charles Toms Allison Pise, A. B Hamilton. Ohio. 1882 Mr. George Frederick Anderson. A. B John Trafford Brasee, Esq.. A. B Ernest Stanley Cook, Esq., A. B James Howard Dempsey. Esq.. A. B Irving Bedell Dudley, Esq., A. B . Sandusky. Ohio. .Lancaster, Ohio. . Cleveland, Ohio. Cleveland. Ohio. . San Diego. Cal. Dr. Justin Julius McKenzie, A. B Mt. Vernon, Ohio. 402 KENYON COLLEGE. Mr. William Robert Mehaffey, Ph. B Lima, Ohio. Mr. Rheuben Broaddus Miller, A. B Montgomery, Ala. Mr. William Clark Pennock, Ph. B Cardington, Ohio. Dr. Edwin Frazer Wilson, A. M Columbus, Ohio. 1883 Mr. William Addison Child, Ph. B Toronto. Canada. Dr. Warwick Miller Cowgill, A. B Hickman, Kentucky. Andrew L. Herrlinger, Esq., A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. Thompson Barrette Wright, A. B Circleville, Ohio. 1884 Rev. George Elliott Benedict, A. B Lynchburg, Va. Mr. Richard Bury Bloodgood, A. B Crestline, Ohio. Mr. Joshua Douglas, Ph. B Chicago, 111. Mr. J. Edward Good, Ph. B Akron, Ohio. Francis Thomas Anderson Junkin, Esq., A. B. New York, N. Y. Samuel Willoughby Taylor, Esq., Ph. B Santa Ana, Cal. Mr. Irving Todd, Ph. B Topeka, Kan. Charles Wardlow, Esq., Ph. B Columbus, Ohio. 1885 Mr. Alva Henry Anderson, A. B Shelby, Ohio. Mr. Ernest Milnor Benedict, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. Edward Vance Bope, A. B Findlay, Ohio. Mr. John Adolph Fritsch, A. B., Ph. B Salt Lake City, Utah. Mr. Orion Boyd Harris, A. B Sullivan, Ind. Mr. George Clarence Holloway, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. Charles Edward Milmine, A. B New York, N. Y. Mr. Roger Hanson Peters, A. B Mt. Sterling, ' Ky. Mr. John Franklin Smith, A. B. Findlay, Ohio. Alonzo Mitchell Snyder, Esq., A. B Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. William Tappan, A. B., Ph. B Tivoli, N. Y. Mr. George William Dorman Webster, A. B . . Geneva, Ohio. 1886 Mr. Cliflbrd Lincoln Sherman Ayers, A. B. . . .Akron, Ohio. Mr. Henry Edward Chase, A. B Wady Petra, 111. Mr. Hugh Barrett Clement, Ph. B Kenton, Ohio. Rev. George Clarke Cox, A. B Ridgewood, N. J. Mr. Arthur Stanhope Dudley, Ph. B Washington, D. C. Mr. Charles Probasco Harnwell, A. B Little Rock, Ark. KKNYON COLLEGE. 403 1887 Mr. Cleveland Keith Beiiedicf, A. H ( ^iiiciiinati, Ohio. Mr. Curtis Claypoole, A. 15 Culuinbus, Ohio. Mr. William Herbert Dewart, A. B Cambridge, Mass. Mr. Robert Matthew Greer, I'h. H Mt. Vernon. Ohio. Mr. Lawrence Perns Hancock, A. H Franklin, I'a. Mr. Ralph Sheldon Holbrook, A. H Toledo, Oliio. Mr. Cieorge Arthur Reid, Ph. B (ieneva, Ohio. Mr. Walter Wright Scranton, Ph. B Kno.xville, Teiin. Mr. Hugh Sterling, Pii. B St. Louis, Mo. Mr. Charles Huntington Young, A. B Plaiddnton, S. Dak. Mr. James Henry Young, A. B (Jambier, Ohio. 1888 Mr. Henry Curtis Devin, Pii. B Mt. Vernon, Ohio. Mr. Walstein Failing Doutiiirt, Ph. B Columbus, Ohio. Rev. George Fiske Dudley, A. P> Washington, I). C. Mr. Guy Despard Goll', A. B Clarksburg, W. \'a. Mr. Clitl'ord Alfred Nell', A. B (Ileveland, Ojjio. Mr. George Henry Prince, A. B Los Angeles. (!al. Mr. John David Skilton, A. B Monroeville. Ohio. Mr. Henry Bedinger Swearingen, A. B Washington, D. C. Mr. Charles Avery Taj)pan, Ph. B Steubenville. Ohio. Mr. Robert Chochung Woo, Ph. B Shanghai, China. 1889 Mr. Charles Henry Arndt, A. P> Sandusky, Ohio. Mr. Charles Edward Beniiss, Ph. P) Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. FVank Sanf'ord Curtis, A. B Mt. Vernon, (Jhio. Mr. Henry Jacol) Flberth, Ph. B (hunbier, Ohio. Mr. Frederick William Harnwell, Pii. I! Lone Oak, Ark. Mr. Gibson William Harris, A. B.. Albion, 111. Mr. David Feldnian Kronacher, Ph. B Cincinnati, Ohio. Rev. Edward Thomas Mabley, A. B Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. George Dudley Young, Ph. B I'laiikinlon, S. Dak. 1890 Mr. William Budd Bodine, Jr., A. P> (Janijjier, Ohio. Mr. Frank Hadley (iinn. Ph. B Clyde, (Jhio. Mr. Sherman Moorhead Granger, A. B Zanesville, Ohio. Mr. Wilbur Edward Irvine, I'h. B Springlield, Ohio. Mr. Henry Lincoln M(;Clellan, Ph. P> VVelliugton, Ohio. Mr. William Edward Rambo, A. B (Jambier, Ohio. Mr. Robert Sterling, A. B Gambler, Ohio. Mr. John F'rancis Wilson, A. B ... .Napoleon, Ohio. Mr. Lee Huntington Young, Ph. B Gambier, Ohio. 404 KENYON COLLEGE. (5ra6uatc5 of tl^c Cl^cological Seminary 1828 *Rev. Nathan Stem, D. D Norristown, Pa. 1829 *Rev. James McElroy, D. D San Francisco, Cal. 1830 *Eev. John O'Brien, D. D., U. S. A Mackinac, Mich. 1831 *Rev. Henry Caswell, D. D Salisbury, England. *Rev. George Denison, A. M Keokuk, Iowa. 1832 *Rev. Alvah Guion Brooklyn, N. Y. 1833 *Rev. Henry S. Smith Claremont, N. H. 1834 Rev. Heman Dyer, D. D New York, N. Y. 1835 *Rev. Albert T. Bledsoe, D. D., LL. D Baltimore, Md. *Rev. Sherlock A. Bronson, D. D., LL. D Mansfield, Ohio. *Rev. Abram Edwards Centre ville, Ohio. 1836 *Rev. Nelson E. Spencer Gambler, Ohio. 1837 *Rev. Norman Badger, U. S. A., A. M Fort Concho, Texas. *Rev. Alfred Blake, D. D Gambler, Ohio. *Rev. Thomas B. Fairchild Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. Rev. John 'Selwood Milwaukie, Oregon. 1838 *Rev. James Bonnar Davidsonville, Md. Rev. John Foster Athens, Tenn. *Rev. Richard Gray Cincinnati, Ohio. *Rev. Charles C. Townsend Iowa City, Iowa. 1839 Rev. George B. Sturges Fernandina, b la. *Rev. John Ufford, D. D Delaware, Ohio. *Rev. John A. Wilson, D. D Ypsilanti, Mich. KEN YON COLLEGE. 405 1840 *Rev. Stephen G. Gassaway, A. M St. Louis, Mo. *Rev. John Henshaw, A. M Erooklin, Miss. *Mr. John J. O'Kill Bainbridge, N. Y. *Rev. John Sandels, A. M Fort Smith, Arlc. *Rev. David W. Tolford Cresco, Iowa. 1841 *Rev. W. W. Arnett, D. 1) Milwaukee, Wis. *Rev. Robert S. Elder Jonesville, Micii. *Rev. Richard S. Killin, A. M Baltimore, Md. *Rev. Josepli S. Large, A. M Ionia, Mich. 1842 *Rev. William Fagg, A. B La Grange, Tenn. Rev. Moses H. Hunter La Plata, Md. Mr. Henry L. Richards, A. M Boston, Mass. 1843 Rev. Levi L. Holden Williamsburg, Kan. Rev. Albert T. McMurphy West Vincent, Pa. 1845 Rev. Joash Rice Taylor, A. M New York, N. Y". 1846 Rev. Charles Arey, D. D Boston, Mass. *Rev. William Clotworthy Albion, 111. Rev. John W. Cracraft, A. M Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. Rev. George W. DuBois, D. D Keene Valley, N. Y. *Rev. Charles F. Lewis, A. M Wakeman, Oliio. Rev. William Miller Prairie Merouge, La. Rev. Oliver Taylor Orange Park, Fla. *Rev. George Thompson, A. B Manitouwoc, Wis. 1847 *Rev. Rodolphus K. Nash, A. B Newark, Ohio. 1848 *Rev. Andrew D. Benedict, A. B Racine, Wis. *Rev. Hiram N. Bishop, D. D Chicago, 111. Rev. Thomas 8. Goodwin, A. M *Rev. Elijah W. Hagar, U. S. N., A. M AVashington, D. C. *Rev. Rodney S. Nasii Lexington, Mo. *Rev. John Cotton Smith, D. D New York, N. Y. 406 KENYON COLLEGE. 1849 *Rev. Edward H. Gumming, A. M Springfield, Ohio. *E,ev. George Johnson Gambler, Ohio. 1850 *Rev. Benjamin Austin Amesburj^, Mass. Rev. John Boyd, D. D Marietta, Ohio. *Rev. Erastus A. "Strong, A. M Gambler, Ohio. 1852 Rev. Columbus S. Doolittell, A. M Mansfield, Ohio. *Rev. Mark R. Jukes Maumee, Ohio. *Davld C. Maybin Rev. James G. Pattlson, M. D England. *Rev. Daniel Risser, A. M Ashland, Ohio. 1853 Rev. Edward G. Benson, A. M Gambler, Ohio. *Rev. Thomas Gorlett, A. M Cleveland, Ohio. Rev. Francis Granger, A. M Buffalo, N. Y. Rev. Joseph E. Ryan Des Moines, Iowa. *Rev. Noah Hunt Schenck, D. D Brooklyn, N. Y. Rev. James Trimble, A. M Sioux Falls, S. Dak. 1854 Mr. Peter Neff', A. M Cleveland, Ohio. *Rev. Nicholas G. Prldham Baltimore, Md. 1855 Rev. John Hochuly, A. B Fairfield, Iowa. *Rev. Henry H. Morrell, D.. D Knoxvllle, Tenn. 1856 *Rev. John P^ Gurran Milan, Ohio. *Lleut. Charles W. Fearns, A. M Circlevllle, Ohio. Rev. Moses Hamilton, A. M Bellevue, Ohio. Mr. Peter H. Jeffreys . Newport, Ky. Rev. Warren H. Roberts Northford, Conn. 1857 Rev. John H. G. Bonte, D. D Berkeley, Gal. Rev. Charles George Currie, D. D Philadelphia, Pa. *Rev. William Fulton, D. D Salisbury, Md. Rev. Benjamin T. Noakes, D. D Cleveland, Ohio. KENYON COLLEGE. 407 1858 Rev. Cornelius S. Abbott Belleville, N. J. Rev. Henry H. Messenger, A. M Beaumont, Texas. 1859 *Rev. William J. Alston New Yoriv, N. Y. Rev. Richard L. Ganter, D. D Akron, Ohio. Rev. William 0. Gray, D. D Nashville, Tenn. *Rev. John W. Griffin, A. M Amherst, Va. Rev. Richard Holden Brazil. *Rev. John W. McGarty, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 1860 Rev. Frederick M. Gray, A. M Albany, N. Y. Rev. Salmon R. Weldon 1861 Rev. John Creighton Cartwright, Canada. Rev. Wyllys Hall, D. D Marquette, Mich. Rev. John F. Ohl, D. D Pomeroy, Ohio. Hon. William K. Rodgers, A. M Duluth, Minn. Rev. Samuel S. Spear Fall River, Mass. Rev. William Thompson, A. M Pittsburgli, Pa. 1862 *Rev. Henry M. Blackaller, A. M Pomeroy, Ohio. Rev. AVilliam Bower. A. M Delaware, Ohio. Kev. Richard S. Cooper Invermay, Canada. Rev. William H. Dyer, A. M Los Angeles, Cal. Rev. John Ireland Eckley, Pa. Rev. George H. Jencks, M. D San Francisco, Cal. Rev. Henry D. Lathrop, D. D East Oakland, Cal. Rev. James Hervey Lee, A. M Manhattan, Kan. *Rev. Henry A. Lewis, A. M Dresden, Ohio. Rev. Edward Softley Delhi, Canada. Rev. Albin E. Tortat, M. D Wissahickon, Pa. Rev. William Turner Chicago, 111. *Rev. Charles H. Young, A. M Worthington, Ohio. 1863 Rev. John G. Ames, A. M Washington, D. C. *Rev. Charles N. Chevrier, A. M Swedesboro, N. J. Rev. Herman L. Duhring Philadelphia, Pa. 408 KEN YON COLLEGE. *Kev. Charles E. Mcllvaine, A. M Towanda, Pa. Rev. William C. Mills San Francisco, Cal. Rev. William H. Nelson, Jr., D. D Far Rockaway, N. Y. *Rev. E. Owen Simpson, A. M Philadelphia, Pa. 1864 Rev. John A. Aspinvvall Washington, D. C. Rev. AVilliam B. Bodine, D. D Gambler, Ohio. Rev. Abbott Brown, A. M New York, N. Y. Rev. Thomas Burrows Kennett Square, Pa. Mr. Chester I. Chapin Rev. Joshua Cowpland, A. M. . .' Media, Pa. Rev. Josiah F. Curtis New Madrid, Mo. *Rev. Matthew M. Gilbert, A. M Wellsville, Ohio. Rev. Benjamin Hartley Earned, Kan. Rev. William A. Holbrook Easthampton, Mass. Rt. Rev. J. M. Kendrick, D. D Albuquerque, N. M. Rev. Charles E. Murray, A. M Wilmington, Del. Rev. John F. Woods Moundsville, W. Va. 1865 Rev. John A. Dooris, A. B Newton, Kan. *Rev. William Dymond . New York, N. Y. Mr. Edward Hubbell Rev. William R. Powell, A. B The Cove, Oregon. Mr. William M. Ross Princeton, Ky. Rev. William R. AVoodbridge, A. M Port Henry, N. Y. 1866 Rev. Samuel H. Boyer, A: M Philadelphia, Pa. ' Rev. David H. Greer, D. D New York, N. Y. Rev. William M. Postlethwaite. D. D West Point, N. Y. 1867 Rev. Henry -L. Badger. A. M Portsmouth, Ohio. Rev. Alfred F. Blake, A. M .. Cincinnati, Ohio. Rev. Carlos E. Butler, A. B Cambridge, Ohio. Rev. William Hyde, A. M Brooklyn, N. Y. Rev. Joseph S. Jenckes, LL. D Indianapolis, Ind. Rev. William S. Langford. D. D New York, N. Y. 1868 Rev. Royal B. Balcom, A. M . . . . Jackson, Mich. Rev. George Bosley, A. B Alliance, Ohio. Mr. John Godfrey Jones KEN YON COLLEGE. 409 1869 *Rev. James T. Franklin Erie, Pa. Rev. Wilfrid H. Dean .*■ North Guilford, Conn. Rev. William J. Pefrie Chicago, 111. *Rev. Charles A. Rand Haverhill, Mass. 1870 Rev. Hosea W. Jones, D. D Mt. Vernon, Ohio. Rev. William Lucas Reno, Nevada. *Rev. Wallace M. Probasco Massillon, Ohio. 1871 Rev. John Hugh Ely College Hill. Oiiio. Rev. Stephen W. Garrett Canon City, Col. Rev. Edward D. Irvine, A. M Hastings, Mich. Rev. Augustus R. Kieffer, A. M Colorado Springs, Col. Mr. Robert A. McElhinney Rev. Albert B. Nicholas, A. M New Albany. Ind. 1872 Rev. Charles (4. Adams, A. M Southport, Conn. Rev. Henry J. Camp, A. M De Luz, Cal. Rev. David W. Cox, A. M Oakley, Cincinnati, Ohio. Rev. Joseph E. Julian, A. B Leesburg, Fla. Rev. Albert B. Putnam, A. M Cleveland, Ohio. Rev. Charles M. Sturges, A. M '. Fernandina, ¥\r. 1873 Rev. Cyrus S. Bates, 1). D Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. Edson B. Cartmill, A. B Lancaster, Ohio. 1878 Rev. Norman N. Badger, A. B Crafton, Pa. 1882 Rev. Lewis Brown Cincinnati, Ohio. Rev. James Henry Davet Zellwood. Fla. Rev. Clarence Croft Leman Qiiincy, 111. 1883 Rev. Henry D. Aves, Ph. B Cleveland, Ohio. Rev. George B. Van Waters Greensburg, Pa. *Rev. S. W. Welton Toledo, Ohio. 1886 Rev. Arthur B. Howard Cincinnati, Ohio. 1887 Rev. Asahel A. Bresee, A. B Wooster, Ohio. 410 KEN YON COLLEGE. f^onorary Degrees DOCTOR OF LAWS 1837. Hon. Ebenezer Lane. 1839. Horace Webster. 1843. Joseph G. Swift. 1846. Col. Sylvanus Thayer. 1849. George P. Williams. 1849. Prof.lEdward C. Ross. 1851. Hon. Robert 0. Winthrop. 1851. Hon. C. G. Memminger. 1852. Richard H. Coxe, Esq. 1854. Hon. Joseph R. Swan. 1854. Prof. A. T. Bledsoe. 1857. Prof. James P. Holcombe. 1857. Hon. Bellamy Storer. 1858. Hon. William Jay. 1863. John Augustus Nichols. 1864. William Starling Sullivant. 1865. Rev. Francis Wharton. D. D. 1866. Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, 1867. Prof. Nathan P. Seymour. 1868. Rt. Rev. Arthur C. Coxe, D.D. 1868. Hon. Rutherford B. Hayes. 1868. Prof. Charles Short. 1872. Rev. Joseph Haven, D. D. 1874. Hon. Morrison Remick Waite. 1877. Hon. John W. Andrews. 1877. Hon. Stanley Matthews. 1877. Hon. Rufus King. 1880. Hon. Columbus belano. 1881. Hon. John Sherman. 1881. Hon. George H. Pendleton. 1881. Hon. Henry B. Curtis. 1885. Rev. S. A. Bronson, D. D. 1889. William J. Scott, M. D. 1889. Hon. George T. Chapman. DOCTOR OF DIVINITY 1834. Rt. Rev. Alonzo Potter. 1834. Rev. John J. Robertson. 1837. Rev. Benj. P. Aydelott, M. D. 1837. Rev. John L. Stone. 1838. Rev. John A. Vaughan., 1838. Rev. Edward C. McGuire. 1840. Rev. John A. Clark. 1840. Rev. James May. 1841. Rt. Rev. Alfred Lee. 1842. Rev. Samuel Fuller. 1843. Rev. John T. Brooke. 1847. Rev. Joseph Packard. 1847. Rev. Clement M. Butler. 1849. Rev. Robert B. Claxton. 1849. Rev. Joseph Muenscher. 1851. Rev. Richard Newton. 1853. Rev. Erastus Burr. 1853. Rev. William A. Smallwood. 1853. Rev. Charles W. Andrews. 1857. Rev. Chauncey W. Fitch. 1857. Rev. Intrepid Morse. 1857. Rev. William R. Nicholson. 1857. Rev. William N. Pendleton. 1859. Rev. Lott Jones. 1859. Rev. E. W. Peet. 1860. Rt. Rev. Alexander Gregg. 1860. Rev. Kingston Goddard. 1860. Rev. William Preston. 1860. Rev. John Melville Marline. 1866. Rev. John Boyd. 1866. Rev. S. D. Denison. 1866. Rev. J'rancis Wharton. 1867. Rev. Daniel S. Miller. 1867. Rev. Francis M. Whittle. 1867. Rev. William Wickes. 1868. Rev. Lewis Burton. 1868. Rev. James McElroy. 1868. Rev. John Uttbrd. KENYON COLLE(iE. 411 1868. Rev. Ozi W. Whittaker. 1869. Rev. R. B. Duane. 1869. Rev. E. B. Kelloiiii. 1869. Rev. A. Shiras. 1869. Rev. Henry R. Tullidge. 1870. Rev. Henry D. Lathrop. 1870. Rev. Edmund T. Perkins. 1870. Rev. Samuel Wainwright. 1871. Rev. S. McLean. 1871. Rev. S. I. J. Schereschewsky. 1872. Rt. Rev. John (^ottliel) Auer. 1872. Rt. Rev. Wm. Hobart Hare. 1874. Rev.Wm. Chauncey Langdon. 1874. Rev. Alfred Blake. 1874. Rev. James Moore. 1875. Rev. William C. French. 1876. Rev. Henry F. Darnell. 1876. Rev. Fleming James. 1876. Rev. Henry Purdon. 1876. Rev. Edward W. Syle. 1876. Rev. Thomas S. Yocom. 1877. Rt. Rev. C. Clifton Penick. 1877. Rev. Henry H. Morrell. 1878. Rt. Rev. Geo. W. Peterkin. 1878. Rev. A. V. G. Allen. 1878. Rev. Thomas B. Wells. 1878. Rev. John A. Wilson. 1879. Rev. William H. Meade. 1879. Rev. John F. Ohl. 1879. Rev. N. S. Rulison. 1880. Rev. Reese F. Alsop. 1880. Rev. Samuel Clements. 1880. Rev. Wyllys Hall. 1881. Rev. William P. Orrick. 1881. Rev. David H. Greer. 1881. Rev. William C. Gray. 1881. Rev. J. H. C. Bonte. 1882. Rev. Richard L. Ganter. 1882. Rev. William S. Langford. 1882. Rev. Edmund Rowland. 1883. Rev. Ovid A. Kinsolving. 1883. Rev. W. N. McVickar. 1884. Rev. I. N. Stanger. 1884. Rev. Hosea W. Jones. 1884. Rev. William M. Pettis. 188.5. Rev. William H. Neilson, Jr. 188.5. Rev. Peter Tinsley. 1885. Rev. Edward A. Bradley. 1886. Rev. Charles H. Babcock. 1886. Rev. Benjamin T. Noakes. 1887. Rt. Rev. Elisha S. Thomas. 1888. Rev. William F. Nichols. 1888. Rev. Boyd Vincent. DOCTOR OF CANON LAW Rev. J. S. Shipman, D. D. DOCTOR OF LITERATURE Rev. George Augustus Strong. MASTER OF ARTS 1829. Rev. James McElroy. 1842. 1833. Rev. Tobias H. Mitchell, M. D. 1843. 1833. Marcus T. C. Wing. 1844. 1834. Rev. Richard H. Phillips. 1844. 1836. Rev. Heman Dyer. 1845. 1839. Rev. John M. Stevenson. 1846. 1840. Rev. Gregory T. Bedell. 1846. 1840. Rev. D. Hillhouse Buel. 1849. 1840. Prof. Robert P. Smith. 1849. Rev. Joseph S. Large. Rev. Edward H. Gumming. Rev. William H. Lewis. Rev. Edward Lounsberry. Ira Warren. Lorin Andrews. Rev. J. B. Kerfoot. Thomas Bonsall. Rev. J. B. Britten. 412 KENYON COLLEGE. 1849. Rev. Edwin A. Dalrymple. 1849. Rev. George Johnson. 1849. Rev. J. Morsell. 1849. Rev. James A. Woodward. 1850. Rev. E. A. Strong. 1851. E. H. Davis, M. D. 1851. Jacob J. Greene. 1851. Thomas W. Perry, M. D. 1851. Rev. John Trimble. 1852. Rev. W. H. Moore. 1853. Rev. J. W. Cracraft. 1853. Rev. E. B. Tiittle. 1854. William Mitchel. 1854. Richard H. Salter, M. D. 1856. Rev. J. A. Russell. 1856. Rev. J. M. Waite. 1857. John S. Brasee. 1857. William Grauert. 1857. John Hancock. 1857. Joseph H. Mcllvaine. 1858. Rev. J. H. C. Bonte. 1858. Rev. John Burns. 1858. Thomas W. Harvey. 1858. Rev. D. S. Miller. " 1869. Rev. B. T. Noakes. 1859. Rev. W. B. Rally. 1860. Rev. J. W. Griffin. 1860. S. F. Newman. 1861. Charles Messner. 1861. John Augustus Nichols. 1865. Rev. John Gottlieb Auer. 1866. Charles A. White. 1867. Charles T. Kellogg. 1869. Alphonso D. Rockwell, M. D. 1870. Rev. Wm. Yalden Thomson. 1870. Rev. J. Philip DuMoulin. 1870. Rev. Alexander Crummell. 1871. Ralph Keeler. 1871. A. M. Vandyke. 1872. Rev. W^illiam Daunt. 1872. C. A. Sippi, M. D. 1876. John N. Lewis. 1876. Rev. C. G. Williamson. 1878. Rev. Cyrus S. Bates. 1878. Joseph P. Ross, M. D. 1879. Rev. Thomas Valdespino. 1881. G. E. Farrington. 1881. Rev. Stewart Means. 1883. Hon. S. S. Early. 1889. Rev. Ephraim Watt. BACHELOR OF ARTS 1839. Rev. Sabin Hough. 1843. Rev. John Carpenter Smith. 1868. Richard Alsop Pomeroy. 3477 3^3 s . ■■11. Jl, ^^ v^-^ -^^^ ■; --■■ .•;.'. ■ ^..s...'^ '> * « 1 1 ' '^ - "■ -, ' ,.. %.^' ^ ■%^^ '. ^^^\*, \ /^ ^, ■' 'f.^'^^J" ,0o^ ^.- •, ■/'':i*^' V^ ^0•' °, * -tA .< \ '\"' .:^"b.''' ^^* V- > C3 ^ o ■^-=%i-.«^^ ,-, ■■%-, i'^'- '°.. * - ., ' ."^^ .^-^ "^.. > -A aV / ' a <, ^^ \ ■.{T/P^ f ©0 3^ % S" ■^=^- '^. d"i" •^^ S' ,<^ '^'-^^ >.. s.-^' ^^^ "^^ X^^ .^-^ -^^^ .^^^ ..^^^ ^' A>- ^^■ ." r>