Class. 
 
 Book 
 
^ 
 
THE 
 
 AUTOBIOGRAPHY 
 
 LANDLADY OF THE OLD SCHOOL, 
 
 PERSONAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 EMINENT CHARACTERS, PLACES, 
 AND MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. 
 
 / 
 
 BOSTON: 
 
 PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR 
 
 1854. 
 

 WBIOHT AND HASTY, PRINTXRa, 
 WATER STREET, BOSTON. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The author has not had an undue desire for book- 
 making, hut having had some experience in the world, 
 and being, as will be seen from the work, one of the 
 " old school," she has thought that the present gen- 
 eration might be benefited by reading an account of 
 their fathers and mothers. Not persons only, but 
 customs and habits have essentially changed, within 
 the last fifty years. Education has taken new forms ; 
 but whether for the better on the whole, is a question 
 for the wise to consider. 
 
 When the author began life, railroads, steamboats, 
 and speaking telegraphs, were unknown. They were 
 among the things that were not. Every thing then 
 went upon the low pressure; "slow and sure" was 
 the watchword. Steady, steady, steady, the instruction 
 which fathers gave to their sons, and mothers to their 
 daughters. Then lived a generation of men and women 
 who could be depended upon ; you knew where to find 
 them. Such were those of the fathers and mothers 
 
IV PRETACE. 
 
 whose character and " manner of life," arc described 
 in the following pages. Those who "remain unto this 
 present day," we doubt not will read them with some 
 good degree of pleasure ; but how it will be with the 
 present active generation, who have been trained up 
 under different customs, and who more with the light- 
 ning's speed, we will not venture a prediction. All we 
 have to say is, here is the book, large as life, printed 
 on good i^apcr, in fair and legible type, and nicely 
 bound, and well lettered. Thus it goes forth from the 
 hand of the author, to find a place among the numer- 
 ous publications of this publishing age. That it will 
 have the widest circulation of any book ever published, 
 the author does not expect; that it will pay its way, 
 and find some readers, she does not doubt. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Scenes of Early Life, ..... 5 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Further Incidents of Youth, . . . . 12 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Dover, N. H • 19 
 
 Commencement of Public House-keeping, . 28 
 
 Counselors at Law a Century Ago, . . 31 
 
 Inn-keepers Half a Century Ago, ... 33 
 
 Mechanics in Dover, 34 
 
 High School in Dover, 37 
 
CONTENTS . 
 
 CHAPTER lY. 
 TVakefield, -40 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 Bradford, ....... 45 
 
 CHAPTER Y I. 
 School Teaching, 49 
 
 CHAPTER YII. 
 
 Saco, Biddeford — The Hayes Family, . . 55 
 
 CHAPTER YIII. 
 Rockport, 60 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 Gilmanton, 64 
 
 C H A P T E R X . 
 Alton, 68 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 Farmington, ....... 72 
 
CONTENTS . 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 Milton, 76 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 Great Falls, 83 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 Medford, Mass., 100 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 Chelsea, 102 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 Boston, 104 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 Biography, " . . 122 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 Miscellaneous, 1^3 
 
AUTOBIOGllAPHY. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 SCENES OF EARLY LIFE. 
 
 The writer had the advantage of attend- 
 hig two of the best schools then kept 
 in this country ; one by the Rev. Wm. 
 Stone, the other by Rev. Jesse Apple- 
 ton, afterwards the renowned President 
 of Bowdoin College. Of Mr. Appleton, 
 I need not say, he was one of the 
 most scientific, and accomplished men 
 of the age, too well known to the pub- 
 lic to need any commendation from 
 me. When he closed the school, every 
 eye was moist and every heart sick. 
 
6 SCENES OF EARLY LIFE. 
 
 ISIany of his maxims were excellent 
 and have not been forgotten. They 
 were calculated to be remembered, and 
 they were. Once, upon carrying him 
 a copy, which I had written to be 
 examined, as was the practice of the 
 school, he said, " Sophia, you will soon 
 be the best writer in school, if yon 
 continue to improve as you have done. " 
 This made my youthful heart beat 
 with a laudable ambition, not having 
 then seen more than twelve summers. 
 Before I was thirteen, I had an invi- 
 tation to teach a school in Mcader- 
 borough, in the upper part of Roch- 
 ester, X. II. I commenced the school 
 under fiivorable auspices, with eigh- 
 teen or twenty scholars, young men 
 and women, and three babies. 
 
 It was my first effort, and never did 
 I do better. I was young and strove 
 to excel. The school was popular 
 
SCENES OF EARLY LIFE. 7 
 
 and I gained much credit, as a teach- 
 er. At this advanced period, I can 
 call to mind the youthful alacrity with 
 which I flew to the faithful and 
 conscientious discharge of every duty. 
 These are the halcyon days of every 
 teacher, — days never to be forgotten. 
 
 Schools then, were not as now, 
 filled up with all branches necessary 
 to make a finished education, in these 
 modern times. The only branches 
 taught were reading, spelling, and writ- 
 ing. But little was thought in those 
 days of the education of daughters. 
 To read and write, with a smattering of 
 geography and arithmetic were considered 
 the ne plus ultra of female education. 
 The minds of girls were then considered 
 to be inadequate to struggle with the 
 higher branches of education, which they 
 now master so readily. A thousand 
 times have I thought with gratitude of 
 
SCENES OF EARLY LIFE. 
 
 the glorious change which has since 
 come over the community. 
 
 The only books then used in school 
 were Webster's spelling book, the Testa- 
 ment, and the Third Part, for the upper 
 class. Who does not remember with 
 what sparkling eyes and blushing coun- 
 tenances these children advanced from 
 ah, to Baker, and then to crucifix, then 
 to spelling out the lesson of the old man 
 who first tried " grass," and then " what 
 virtue there was in stones," upon the 
 young rogues who infested his apple- 
 tree. 
 
 My school was in good order. Indeed 
 
 1 had then learned from Mr. Appleton 
 that 
 
 "Order nvas heaven's first law." 
 
 Special attention was given to the man- 
 ners of the pupils. They were taught 
 how to enter and leave the school-room. 
 
SCENES OF EARLY LIFE. 9 
 
 They were not allowed to run in, and out, 
 like a flock of sheep passing over a gap 
 of wall. The how of the little boy was 
 something more that a nod over the 
 shoulder, by just turning the neck 
 askew, and bending it to one side. The 
 courtesy of the little girl was attempted, 
 till it could be gracefully performed. 
 The manner even of walking to, and 
 from their seats, was not forgotten to be 
 taught. 
 
 By strict attention to these little mat- 
 ters, the young school-marm soon gained 
 an enviable preeminence. Her school 
 was famous through the whole region. 
 The parents scarcely knew their own 
 children, so much were they improved. 
 Parents, teachers and pupils, all came to 
 see the school, and went away to praise 
 the teacher. 
 
 A schoolmistress in those days was a 
 wonder, and especially one so young as 
 
10 SCENES OF EARLY LIFE. 
 
 thirteen. I closed this, my first school, 
 with more than the approbation of all 
 concerned. Whether this flattering com- 
 mencement of my pedagogial labors was 
 on the whole beneficial to me in after 
 life, will better appear in the sequel. 
 Be this as it may, it was truly gratifying 
 to my youthful heart. I had really 
 commenced the world for myself, and 
 felt as though I could make my way 
 m society without leaning upon any 
 one. 
 
 There is something truly exhilarating 
 in teachins: 
 
 " The young idea how to Bhoot." 
 
 It is a bewitching employment, which 
 few females who have once entered upon, 
 ever leave till they change the state of 
 " single blessedness," for the bridal hour 
 and domestic duties; or are forced away 
 from it by the flourishing of "the almond 
 
SCENES OF EARLY LIFE. 11 
 
 tree," or the dimness of those who " look 
 out at the windows." Happy, thrice 
 happy, I have often thought, that it is so, 
 as it is so necessary and useful an em- 
 ployment ! 
 
12 I^■CIDEISTS OF YOUTH. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 FURTHER INCIDENTS OF YOUTH. 
 
 I HAD now completed my first school, 
 and that with unusual eclat. Probably, 
 never had so young a girl succeeded 
 better than I had, or won richer laiu'els. 
 Of course, in Yankee phraseology, I 
 began to feel that I knew " pretty con- 
 siderable." 
 
 Mr. Brewster, of Portsmouth, (a wor- 
 thy name, as all my readers know, in the 
 early settlement of the Plymouth colony,) 
 engaged our district school. Being now 
 fourteen years old, I embraced the oppor- 
 tunity of attending, and was one of the 
 first three at the opening of the new 
 school. 
 
 Our schools then were all known as 
 town schools. Academics, high and pri- 
 
I]SCIDENTS OF YOUTH. 13 
 
 vate schools, were not then among the 
 things that were. In those blessed days 
 so far as schools were concerned, the rich 
 and the poor had equal privileges ; and 
 may I not add, in many respects, happy 
 would it have been for the community, 
 had it so continued to the present time. 
 Mr. B. was a " smart " man, with sharp 
 black eyes, one look of which would 
 pierce a scholar through. His manner 
 was peculiar, and he seemed to under- 
 stand all our thoughts, and 
 
 " As we gazed, the wonder grew 
 
 That one small head could carry all he knew." 
 
 His discipline was of the old primitive 
 kind ; stern and inflexible. In these 
 days of modern refinement and sickly 
 sentimentality, it would be intolerably 
 severe. No doubt he believed the dec- 
 laration of the wise man : " he that spar- 
 eth the rod, spoilcth his child." 
 
14 INCIDENTS OF YOUTH. 
 
 On the whole, he taught an excellent 
 school, and we made good progress in 
 our studies. He " sought out many in- 
 ventions" to make us learn. We were 
 particularly pleased to go into a larger 
 book filled with miscellaneous articles. 
 Often he would select a piece, and call 
 one of the pupils to stand in his desk 
 and read it. Though I was not one of 
 the best readers, yet I was one of the five 
 selected to stand in his desk and read. 
 I always supposed this honor was con- 
 ferred on mc for my good deportment, 
 for, I always endeavored to cultivate the 
 gentle manner. 
 
 I always loved my teacher, and I con- 
 sider this among the reasons why I im- 
 proved so much, at all my schools. I 
 think it may be laid down as a general 
 fact that, unless a pupil has an affection- 
 ate regard for a teacher, as such, but little 
 improAcment Mill be made. Dislike to- 
 
INCIDENTS OF YOUTH. 15 
 
 wards an instructor has a paralyzing effect 
 upon all progress. It casts a chilling blight 
 over all our faculties for improvement. 
 Hence, I would admonish my young 
 readers to cultivate a spirit of patience, 
 forbearance, and esteem for their teach- 
 ers, " for their work's sake." Nothing 
 will make study more pleasant or delight- 
 ful, or contribute more to the improve- 
 ment of the pupil. "When I see hatred 
 cherished by the pupils of any teacher, I 
 always feel that the money paid for the 
 school is thrown away. Reciprocity of 
 kind feelings between scholars and teach- 
 er, are absolutely necessary for the ease, 
 happiness, and well being of all. My 
 readers will pardon me for dwelling upon 
 this point, because I have seen so many 
 schools ruined, and so much moiiey 
 thrown away, and time lost for the want 
 of it. 
 
 Perhaps, I may say a word profitably 
 
16 INCIDENTS OF YOUTH. 
 
 to parents. Very much is depending 
 upon you as it respects the progress of 
 your children. You should never find 
 fault with the teacher before your chil- 
 dren. If you feel that he is to be 
 blamed, go to him personally and state it 
 freely. In this way, you will be likely to 
 secure his good feelings, and induce him 
 to cooperate with you for the good of 
 your children. Every word dropped in 
 their hearing, against the teacher, will 
 prejudice their minds agamst him, and 
 have a strong tendency to prevent their 
 progress. The child neither knows, nor 
 ought to know, any higher authority 
 than the parent. Every word and look, 
 and manner of expression of the parent, 
 are watched by the child. How very care- 
 ful, then, should parents be, that nothing 
 detrimental to the character, or qualifi- 
 cations of the teacher, should be heard, 
 or seen from parents by their children. 
 
INCIDENTS OF YOUTH. 17 
 
 This is of the utmost importance, as it 
 respects the government of the school. 
 Without proper regulations in school, 
 and a punctilious observance of them, 
 there can be no proper discipline, either 
 for nimd or body. But without the aid 
 and cooperation of parents, it will be ex- 
 tremely difficult for the best and most 
 accomplished teacher, to keep a good 
 school. Even if the rules are stringent, 
 and the laws severe, it is no part of wis- 
 dom for the parents to object to them in 
 the presence of their children. Parents 
 can do much not only in assisting the 
 teacher in governing the school, but also 
 in facilitating the progress of their chil- 
 dren in their studies. A word of advice, 
 or a few moments spent in helping them 
 get their lessons, is of unspeakable ben- 
 efit to them. When they find their pa- 
 rents are interested in their learning, 
 they take hold with renewed energ^y. It 
 
 2* 
 
18 INCIDENTS OF YOUTH. 
 
 gives a zest to all their studies. Hence 
 we always find those parents the best 
 satisfied with the school, and those chil- 
 dren make the greatest progress, where 
 the parents love learning, and encourage 
 their children in pursuing it. 
 
 It may be laid down as a maxim, gen- 
 erally true, that those children who are 
 well governed, and well managed and 
 cared for at home, are the best pupils, 
 and give the teacher the least trouble at 
 school. Indeed, what else could be ex- 
 pected from good family government ? 
 It is, as the Bible makes it, the founda- 
 tion of all government. Thus was I 
 taught in youth, and now as age is 
 creeping over me, I can bear testimony 
 that nothing transpiring during my whole 
 life, has contradicted these wholesome and 
 fundamental laws of order and progress. 
 Children are only their parents repro- 
 duced, to act over the great game of life. 
 
DOVER. 19 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 DOVER. 
 
 Dover was the first settled town in New 
 Hampshire ; settled A. D. 1623. Dover 
 is one of the principal towns of the 
 county of Strafford, situated about ten 
 miles north-west from Portsmouth. Its 
 two principal streams are the Cocheco, 
 and the Belemy Bank rivers ; they take 
 a south-east course through the town, 
 and unite with other waters to form the- 
 Piscataqua. On Dover neck, the first 
 settlement of the town was made, in 
 1623, by a company in England, who 
 styled themselves the " Company of La- 
 conia." 
 
 Dover, some fifty or sixty years ago, 
 was thickly peopled. The principal Eng- 
 lish goods business was done at the cor- 
 
iO UOVEU. 
 
 ner ; the lumber and hard ware, at the 
 landing. I shall speak of some of the 
 /principal gentlemen who did business in 
 Dover half a century ago. The Hon. 
 William Hale, member of Congress, from 
 N. H., was a mercantile gentleman, and 
 an importer of hard ware. Mr. Hale was 
 extensively known abroad, and highly 
 respected ; was a man of strict veracity 
 and integrity ; he exemplified his wisdom 
 and great strength of mind to the last. 
 His large amount of property was left 
 equally to his heirs at his decease. 
 
 Dr. Ezra Green, a distinguished sur- 
 geon in the French war, kept an exten- 
 sive assortment of English goods, in Sil- 
 ver street. The venerable Dr. sustained 
 the high reputation of an honest man, 
 and an exemplary Christian. He Yixcd 
 to the advanced years of one hundred 
 and upwards, and quietly fell asleep in 
 t«h© arms of his God, whom he worshiped. 
 
DOVER. 21 
 
 I will mention some of the principal 
 gentlemen who did business in D. half 
 a century ago. Ezra Green, Asa Tufts, 
 John Wheeler, George Andrews, Phil- 
 emon Chandler, Morrell Curriur, at the 
 corner, Michael Read, William Hale, 
 Joseph Smith, William Perkins, Joseph 
 Gage, Joshua Perkins, James Jewett, 
 with their associates, at the landing. 
 The gentlemen above named were the 
 principal merchants in Dover. They 
 were gentlemen of high standing, and 
 individually, accumulated a handsome 
 property ; and, with the exception of 
 Joseph Smith, Esq., all those active, 
 enterprising, worthy men, are now in- 
 terred in our own burial ground. 
 
 We speak of the fathers from fifty to 
 sixty years ago. 
 
 I now speak of the professional gentle- 
 men, — physicians. 
 
 The elder Dr. Jacob Kittridge, stood 
 
2'2 DOVER. 
 
 on an eminence, classed among the first 
 of the Kittridges in the Union, for their 
 great skill in surgery. His two sons, 
 Jacob and George, were distinguished 
 physicians ; were cut down in the prime 
 of life, in the midst of their usefulness, 
 much beloved and deeply lamented. 
 
 Dr. Jabez Dow, was a man of superior 
 talents ; had a long and successful prac- 
 tice ; was looked up to as a father in the 
 highly respectable Strafford District Med- 
 ical Society, of JST. H. ; which society is 
 not surpassed, at the present time, for 
 eminence and skill in its members. 
 
 Dr. Samuel Dow was a man of fine 
 promise, successful in his practice, affa- 
 ble, hospitable and kind to all. " Death 
 in the world is a spoiler," and he was 
 early called to bid adieu to all earthly 
 friends. 
 
 Dr. Asa Perkins was a well read phy- 
 
DOVEK. 23 
 
 sician; his health early failed him, which 
 prevented a useful practice. 
 
 Gentlemen who have been in the medi- 
 cal school for many years : 
 
 Dr. I. Low is eminent in his profes- 
 sion ; an exemplary, worthy man, hospit- 
 able and kind to all ; has for many years 
 had a successful practice, and stands at 
 the head of the Strafford District Medical 
 Society, and by some is styled " Luke, 
 the beloved physician." 
 
 Mrs. Low is a daughter of the late 
 Hon. William Hale, a lady of superior 
 qualities, affable and beneficent, "ever 
 ready to reach her hand forth to the poor 
 and needy." 
 
 Dr. Noah Martin has had a long and 
 successful practice ; but recently has em- 
 barked on the more congenial current of 
 politics, and, in fifty-three, was chosen to 
 fill the gubernatorial chair. 
 
24: dovi:r. 
 
 ]Mrs. Martin is a daughter of the late 
 eminent Dr. Woodbury, and is distin- 
 guished for her hospitality and kindness 
 to the poor. 
 
 In fifty-four, there are twelve practis- 
 ing physicians ; some of whom can com- 
 fort and relieve by their advice and coun- 
 sel. There are eminent surgeons, men of 
 great respectability ; some whose percep- 
 tions are rapid ; many give proof of great 
 genius in surgery. Some arc charitable, 
 generous and skillful. Tlie ingenious 
 dentists are much sought unto. The 
 homoeopathists by some have the pref- 
 erence. 
 
 Dr. Joseph 11. Smith is a talented 
 man, irreproachable in his practice. J)rs. 
 Thompson and Bickford, celebrated for 
 surgery. — Dr. Paul, for dentistry. Drs. 
 Stagpole and Pray, for physic. 
 
 Dea. Benjamin Pierce was one of tlie 
 pillars of the first cluncli in Dover. Tor 
 
DOVER. 25 
 
 half a century, his own private house 
 was open to the use of the church and 
 parish, for church meetings and religious 
 exercises. His youngest son sustains the 
 same position in the church, at the pres- 
 ent time, very much beloved and highly 
 respected. 
 
 William Paine, I. Thorndike, Samuel 
 Hubbard, E. Frances, Gardner Green, 
 David Sears, Wm. Shimmin, Lawrence 
 and Parker, Esqs., with their associates, 
 were the noble men who laid the founda- 
 tion, through their enterprising agent, 
 John Williams, Esq., for those spacious 
 factories that have so much benefited 
 the now flourishing and beautiful village 
 of Dover. We feel pensive, when we 
 think, so large a number of those ven- 
 erable worthies have passed to that 
 " bourne from whence no traveler re- 
 turns ;" have bid adieu to all earthly 
 things, and dear friends here below. We 
 
26 DOVER. 
 
 must pause and reflect ; taking a retro- 
 spective view, we know those who are 
 among the living will not be spared long ; 
 and, as Mr. Bacon says, " taking life 
 as it is, wha would live always ?" 
 
 This is a large and extensive corpora- 
 tion, with Messrs. Moses Paul, George 
 Matherson, and Benjamin Barnes, Esq, 
 financier. 
 
 Captain Paul is a gentleman of strict 
 integrity, kind and benevolent feelings, 
 ready to help those who try to help 
 themselves. " A man who feareth the 
 Lord is known when he sitteth among 
 elders." 
 
 Mr. Matherson is a gentleman who 
 has an air of facetiousness, on meeting 
 him. Is without a parallel in his pro- 
 fession ; — the art of bleaching and print- 
 ing. The ten millions of yards of cotton 
 cloth made annually in those four spa- 
 cious factories, are turned into the 
 
DOVER. 27 
 
 bleaching and printing factories, under 
 the supervision of George Matherson, 
 Esq., which are said to surpass any 
 prints in the United States. 
 
 Of the four hundred and fifty male 
 members engaged in the respectable and 
 honorable manufacturing business in Do- 
 ver, there were many worthy gentlemen 
 whom I numbered among my friends, 
 but had not the pleasure of meeting 
 when visiting D. in '53. 
 
 And those worthy females who were 
 engaged in their pleasant occupation, 
 numbering from seven hundred and fif- 
 ty to twelve hundred, when we resided 
 in D., gave great assistance to our sev- 
 eral societies. 
 
 We met ladies there ready to do their 
 duty, and help carry forward those enter- 
 prises that were extending their influence 
 over the continent. 
 
28 DOVER. 
 
 Our kind rememberance is due to Miss 
 Yj. Dana, sister to the Rev. C. Dame. 
 
 Commencement of puhlic house-keeping. 
 
 INIay 1816, opened the Dover hotel, 
 then known as the Gage tavern ; kept it 
 three years ; removed to Medford, Mass., 
 as will be seen in another chapter. 
 
 By the solicitation of gentlemen, we 
 returned to Dover, May 1822. Com- 
 menced the second time in the same 
 hotel, with large additions and improve- 
 ments. It was at the time those facto- 
 ries were commenced, that now cover 
 that large space of ground at the Coche- 
 cho Falls. It was then those noble 
 minded Bostonians invested a large capi- 
 tal, that has annually been on the in- 
 crease, and has invariably added to the 
 wealth, prosperity, and popularity of 
 Dover. 
 
DOYEU, 29 
 
 While in that hotel, we were patron- 
 ised by the first people in the Union. 
 The proprietors of the manufacturing 
 company, with their families, were on 
 the daily list of arrivals, with many oth- 
 ers of like distinction. 
 
 President Monroe and suite made us a 
 formal visit, which amused our good 
 citizens for the time being. 
 
 In 1825 the great and beloved person- 
 age, General Lafayette, visited us, which 
 brought a large concourse of people to- 
 gether, with cheerful countenances and 
 overflowing hearts ; each one emulous 
 to be the first to present him the friendly 
 hand, and bid him a hearty welcome. 
 By a special invitation of the Hon. AYm. 
 Hale, he spent the night at his place, 
 which gave place to other guests from 
 abroad. On his departure from our vil- 
 lage, hundreds assembled, and tears of 
 sympathy were shed by many. 
 
30 DOVER. 
 
 Some time afterward, the Ex-President, 
 John Quincy Adams, passed through, in 
 a private capacity, accompanied by the 
 great statesman, the Hon. Mr. Davis, 
 who stopped with us for the night. 
 Their visit brought in a large number of 
 our good people, who w^ere much pleased 
 with the interview. The memory of 
 John Quincy Adams ought to be em- 
 balmed in the hearts of all. A good 
 man lives in the Tomb. 
 
 We had a pleasant interview with Mr. 
 Adams while there. Eeferred to Lafay- 
 ette's tour ; w^c remarked, " I suppose 
 we shall not have the pleasure again." 
 Mr. A. replied, with an emphasis, " I 
 hope not." 
 
 While keeping the Dover hotel, we 
 built the N. H. hotel, one of the most 
 convenient and pleasant houses in the 
 state. 
 
 In 1835, seeing and experiencing the 
 
DOVER. 31 
 
 great evils of intemperance, we fully de- 
 cided to make tlie N. H. hotel a strict 
 temperance house ; the first temperance 
 hotel, it will be safe to say, that was 
 established in New England. Some of 
 our customers stood by us, but a larger 
 proportion turned away. 
 
 There were great temperance efforts 
 made in Dover ; the gentlemen and ladies 
 came up to the work with one mind. 
 The best of temperance lecturers were 
 procured from all parts of the Union. 
 Enlightened, able, and intelligent gentle- 
 men, were listened to with breathless 
 silence ; persuasive arguments were used, 
 moral and legal. 
 
 Counselors at Law half a century ago. 
 
 T. K. Atkinson, Charles Woodman, 
 Oliver Crosby, D. M. Durell, Moses 
 Hodgdon. 
 
 Judge Atkinson was a gentlemanly 
 
32 DOVER, 
 
 man; inherited a large property by entail- 
 ment ; lived in high life ; was very much 
 caressed. Madam Atkinson was a cour- 
 teous woman, and had the appearance of 
 being educated a court-lady. She sur- 
 vived her husband a number of years. 
 
 Henry Mellen, Esq., was an affable 
 gentleman, much beloved and respected ; 
 was cut down in the midst of life and 
 usefulness. 
 
 Charles Woodman was a young attor- 
 ney ; he commenced life with flattering 
 prospects. He married the second 
 daughter of Judge Wheeler, a beautiful 
 young lady. He lived to see an infant 
 child ; when on his death bed, he ex- 
 pressed much solicitude for the mother 
 and son. 
 
 Judge Durell was a gentlemanly man, 
 accumulated a handsome property, which 
 he left equal to his heirs, who are of 
 much promise. 
 
DOVER. 33 
 
 Moses Hodgclon, Esq., was a worthy 
 man ; for many years lie was afflicted with 
 a complaint which terminated his life. 
 
 Oliver Crosby, Esq., had the reputa- 
 tion of being an honest lawyer. He left 
 Dover many years since, and located in 
 the state of Maine. 
 
 Inn-keepers half a century ago. 
 
 Jonathan Gage, Amos Cogswell, Tho- 
 mas Footman, Capt. J. Riley, Nathaniel 
 W. Ela, Col. Fisher. 
 
 "Gage's Inn" is a part of the Dover 
 hotel ; Col. Cogswell's on the site of the 
 New Hampshire ; Capt. Riley's opposite 
 the residence of Mr. A. C. Smith; Mr. 
 Footman, jail keeper, on the site of Mr. 
 Niles' beautiful residence; Col. Fisher's 
 at Garrison Hill ; Mr. Ela's on Dover 
 landing, is each one of the ancient land- 
 marks. Those gentlemen were highly 
 respectable inn-keepers. 
 
34 DOVER. 
 
 Mechanics in Dover. 
 
 We come now to speak of the honored 
 mechanics. Marble Osborn, on Pleasant 
 street, a firm Friend in principle, was one 
 of the pillars in that ancient society. 
 
 Ezekiel Hayes, a gentlemanly man ; few 
 families lived in such nice style as did 
 the family of Mr. Hayes. 
 
 Stephen Sawyer, a judicious, sober, 
 discreet man, a Friend in principle, and 
 exemplified it in life. 
 
 Col. Sise was a native of Ireland, an 
 artist in business, his health failed him, 
 and he repaired to the business of in- 
 structing, surveying, navigation, «S:c. 
 Mr. Sise was an aifable gentleman, al- 
 ways had a pleasant word for all. 
 
 Ezra Kimball was a native of Dover ; 
 a tanner by trade, kept a large number 
 of apprentices ; was an exemplary, wor- 
 thy man. He married a daughter of the 
 Rev. Mr. Stacy, of Lebanon, Me. 
 
DOVER. 35 
 
 Mrs. Kimball was a pattern of piety, 
 an eminent Christian ; she survived her 
 husband for many years. 
 
 Friend Brown, at Garrison Hill, was 
 among the early settlers, was a Friend by 
 profession, was a pattern of humility, an 
 exemplary Christian, and has worthy de- 
 scendants residing in Philadelphia. 
 
 Samuel Esthes was distinguished in 
 his profession; a worthy man; imbibed 
 the sentiments of the Friends. 
 
 Mrs. Esthes was a whole hearted wo- 
 man ; the poor and needy always found 
 relief at her door. 
 
 Friend Purrmgton was among the 
 number of that worthy class of men, a 
 hatter by trade ; located at Garrison 
 
 Hm. 
 
 George Pendexter was an enterprising 
 gentleman, did a large business, with the 
 best of apprentices, for many years. 
 
 Mrs. Pendexter is a lady of superior 
 
36 DOVER. 
 
 qualities, a line manager, large percep- 
 tions, hospitable and kind to all. They 
 have four sons abroad, enterprising wor- 
 thy young gentlemen, who have a care 
 for their aged parents, and have placed 
 them in circumstances above want. IMr. 
 P. has been providentially deprived of 
 the use of his limbs for many years. 
 
 Abraham Folsom, Esq., one of the 
 most generous and enterprising citizens 
 of Dover, has a very extensive establish- 
 ment located on Hamilton street, for 
 manufacturing oil cloth carpeting. At 
 this establishment he manufactures daily 
 about 1000 yards, embracing the most 
 beautiful patterns made in this country ; 
 in the manufacture of these goods, ho 
 necessarily uses an immense quantity of 
 stock, and gives constant employment to 
 about forty men. ^Ir. Folsom deserves 
 great credit for the enterprise and ability 
 displayed by him in the production of 
 
DOVEK. 37 
 
 these elegant goods, which are executed 
 ill a style that will keep them high in 
 the estimation of a generous public, and 
 we are happy to know they are univer- 
 sally sought for by the " trade," in all the 
 large cities. Some of this beautiful car- 
 peting having been on exhibition at the 
 late state fair in New Hampshire, the 
 committee, as a testimonial of their appre- 
 ciation for the neatness and originality in 
 design, of these substantial fabrics, justly 
 awarded him a diploma ; and, we think, 
 it can in truth be said of that establish- 
 ment, it is an enterprise second to none 
 in New England. 
 
 High School in Dover. 
 
 District No. 2, has a splendid edifice, 
 erected at a great expense, where they 
 have had an admirable school in success- 
 ful operation for about three years. The 
 house itself is a model one, possessing 
 
38 DOVER. 
 
 great advantages in its construction and 
 location; being located on the north- 
 easterly side of the river, bounding on 
 First street, with a beautiful grove in the 
 rear, and a fine play-ground in front. In 
 its construction, it possesses every com- 
 fort and convenience that can possibly be 
 desired ; the arrangements for heating 
 and ventilation being very nearly perfect, 
 and in fine, we think the inhabitants of 
 school district No. 2, in Dover, have just 
 cause to be proud of that beautiful edi- 
 fice. 
 
 Messrs. Wadleigh, Gibbs, and Burr, 
 are printers and proprietors of the sev- 
 eral printing ofiS^ces in Dover, N. 11. 
 
 George Wadleigh, Esq., the publisher 
 of the Dover Enquirer, is a straight for- 
 ward, upright man, unwavering in his 
 political whig principles. 
 
 John T. Gibbs, Esq., proprietor and 
 publisher of the Dover Gazette, is demo- 
 
DOVER. 39 
 
 cratic in principle ; maintains his cause 
 with much zeal. The Gazette has a 
 large circulation. We are indebted • to 
 Mr. Gibbs for past favors through his 
 press ; he is a benevolent, gentlemanly 
 man. 
 
 The Morning Star, published by Wm. 
 Burr, Esq., is the organ of the Free-will 
 Baptists, and can justly be said to be one 
 of the best religious papers. Mr. Burr 
 is an affable gentleman, much respect- 
 ed at home and abroad. 
 
40 WAKEFIELD. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 WAKEFIELD, N. H. 
 
 Wakefield is the most southerly town 
 of Carroll county, and is bounded on the 
 east by the state of Maine. It abounds in 
 waterfalls, which are used chiefly for the 
 manufacture of lumber. The Great 
 Falls and Conway Railroad, is laid out 
 through almost the entire length of the 
 town, and is now in process of comple- 
 tion to the line dividmg it from Milton. 
 In consequence of this road, this will be 
 again, as in days of old, the great thor- 
 oughfare to the White Mountains. 
 
 The writer regrets that she has not the 
 original records of the first settlers; as 
 undoubtedly, it would be interesting to 
 some of her readers, to have copious ex- 
 tracts from them. 
 
WAKEFIELD. 41 
 
 As far as the author's memory serves, 
 David Copp, Esq., Col. Jonathan Palmer, 
 Esq., Mr. Hall, father of the present 
 Halls, and Mr. Dow, father of the nu- 
 merous family of Dows, were among the 
 first inhabitants of this town. Their de- 
 scendants have been renowned for their 
 enterprise in business and literary pur- 
 suits. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Piper, was the first min- 
 ister in Wakefield, of whom the author 
 has any knowledge. His ministry ex- 
 tended through many years, during 
 which he was much beloved, and his 
 death was deeply lamented by his pa- 
 rishoners, when he went to his reward. 
 He has a son still living, an officer in the 
 Orthodox church, who bears the reputa- 
 tion of a pious and worthy man. 
 
 The Pev. Mr. Barker, the present min- 
 ister, is a sound preacher, a good scholar, 
 and a worthy example to his flock. 
 
 4* 
 
42 AVAKKFIELU. 
 
 AVhile on a visit to this place, the writer 
 had an intendew with him, when he Avas 
 soliciting aid from a family of distinction, 
 for the purpose of repairing his church. 
 This house may be said to be one of the 
 old landmarks of New England. It is 
 one of those venerable old churches, with 
 square pews, door in one side, and pulpit 
 in the other, mounted as high towards 
 heaven, to which the pastor points the 
 way, as it well can be ; and as a witty 
 divine said, " Looks as though the devil 
 had some hand in raising the pulpit so 
 high, that he might kill the minister the 
 sooner." 
 
 As people and minister seemed to bo 
 well agreed, we presume he soon raised a 
 subscription sufficient to make the neces- 
 sary repairs. 
 
 The present postmaster of this town, 
 is Mr. Chesley, a worthy and excellent 
 man. 
 
WAKEFIELD. 43 
 
 Mr. Paul keeps an inn here, whom we 
 found at the door of his house, ready, in 
 a polite and gentlemanly manner, to wel- 
 come us to his hospitality. It is pleasant 
 and cheering to find a home when a trav- 
 eler is weary, hungry and thirsty. 
 
 Five miles from the Upper Village, in 
 Wakefield, is the Union Village. It is a 
 pleasant spot, with a fine sheet of water. 
 At some distant day, it is presumed, it will 
 become a large manufacturing place. 
 Probably the railroad will be in com- 
 pletion there by the coming autumn. 
 
 Joshua G. Hall, Esq., has a fine hotel ; 
 an excellent home for those who wish to 
 retire from the noise and bustle of the 
 world ; where many a weary traveler has 
 been refreshed and made comfortable and 
 happy. 
 
 Mr. John Treadeck has a store of fine 
 goods in this village. His stock being 
 so constantly replenished, any one can 
 
44 WAKEFIELD. 
 
 be satisfied here that could be in large 
 cities. 
 
 Messrs. Hayes and Nute, are exten- 
 sively engaged in the manufacturing of 
 shoes, which, to them, is a lucrative busi- 
 ness. We are much gratified at their 
 success, and that of their young journey- 
 men. 
 
BRADFORD. 45 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 BRADFORD. 
 
 From the Semi-Centenial Catalogue of 
 the officers and students of Bradford 
 Academy, 1853, we learn that the period 
 of fifty years which has just elapsed, 
 since the opening of the institution, 
 embraces pupils of three generations, and 
 from nearly all the states in the Union. 
 In 1804, the institution was incorporated 
 under the name of " the Bradford Acad- 
 emy." Three years afterwards, in the 
 summer of 1807, the writer was there, 
 having heard the fame of the academy, 
 even in the morning of its commence- 
 ment. I was very desii'ous of pursuing 
 farther for learning, to jDrepare myself 
 better for usefulness in life. Previous to 
 this, in the winter of 1805, I entered 
 
46 BRADFORD. 
 
 Gilmanton academy, under the instruc- 
 tion of a Mr. Sheldon, quite a popular 
 teacher ; I remained there till I exhaust- 
 ed my funds. With good courage I com- 
 menced teaching again. As soon as it 
 was rumored that I had just returned 
 from G. academy, I had many applica- 
 tions. I instructed the youth two quar- 
 ters, and I began to sigh for further 
 knowledge. I then counted my shillings 
 and pence, to see if I could set my face 
 toward B. academy. I felt somewhat 
 doubtful of my means. I made my in- 
 tentions known to a young lady of my 
 acquaintance, who kindly loaned me a 
 five dollar bill. In the summer of 1807, 
 I left Dover in the mail stage, for Brad- 
 ford; as that was the only stage that 
 passed through, or came to the place, at 
 that tune ; the mail route Avas through 
 Portland, Dover, and Portsmouth. I 
 slept in P. one night; the second day 
 
BRADFORD. 47 
 
 arrived at KimbaH's inn, in Bradford, 
 where I received marked attention by 
 Mrs. K. She soon dii-ected me to a fine 
 boarding-honse, where I was made very 
 happy. After making some prelimina- 
 ries, I soon entered the academy. Isaac 
 Morrell, A. M., preceptor, Miss Eliza 
 Allen, preceptress, daughter of the Rev. 
 Jona. Allen, who was elected president 
 of the institution in 1803, were present. 
 
 At the time the writer was an inmate 
 of the seminary, besides the higher in- 
 struction in English branches, considera- 
 ble attention was bestowed in the depart- 
 ment on painting and embroidery; a 
 nice work sketch on satin, by means of a 
 needle-work, then much in vogue. Pro- 
 ficiency in this art was at that time 
 esteemed an essential part of a young 
 lady's education. Many beautiful speci- 
 mens of such pieces of embroidery are 
 still preserved, which were wrought 
 
•is BRADFORD. 
 
 under the teachings of one of the first 
 preceptresses. The writer retains hers, 
 as a choice memento, and specimens 
 wrought at Bradford academy, in 1807, 
 a period of forty-six years. 
 
 In 1823 we sent our daughter, Eliza 
 Wyatt, to the much beloved seminary. — 
 In 1825, our niece, Sophia Western 
 Jones, and daughter, Charlotte Lyman 
 AVyatt, and the latter in 1832. — Precep- 
 tor, the distinguished and philosophic 
 Mr. Greenleaf ; preceptress, the far famed 
 and very learned Miss A. C. Hazleton. 
 Much remains to be said of those emi- 
 nent teachers, but I must leave it for 
 abler writers. 
 
SCHOOL TEACHING. 49 
 
 C HATTER VI. 
 
 SCHOOL TEACHIN G. 
 
 Commenced teaclimg school at the early 
 age of thirteen, as has been stated. I 
 continued teaching and attending, seven 
 or eight years. I then married Jonathan 
 Hayes, son of Aaron Hayes, a highly re- 
 spectable farmer, whose wife was a 
 granddaughter of the Rev. Jonathan 
 Gushing. Mrs. Hayes was a lady of 
 great strength of mind, and eminent 
 piety ; a constant reader of the Script- 
 ures, and of a remarkable memory. We 
 commenced house-keeping in the upper 
 rooms of a store opposite the residence of 
 Michael Read, Esq., on Dover landing. 
 Mr. Read was a merchant of high stand- 
 ing ; dealt largely in the lumber trade, as 
 did a few other gentlemen of distinction; 
 
50 SCHOOL T£ACH1>^G. 
 
 these monopolized the entire business, 
 as the inhabitants were few and trade 
 small, at that period. Mr. Read was a 
 man of sound principles, upright in his 
 dealings, a grave, sober man, and a con- 
 stant attendant at church. Mrs. Read 
 was a lady of rare qualities. I shall 
 speak from experience of complex house- 
 keeping early in the morning of life ; 
 and an unforeseen event which followed. 
 We soon had the misfortune of indispo- 
 sition, and dislocated, or broken limbs in 
 the family. ]\Irs. Read was truly my 
 " neighbor ;" she acted the part of the 
 good Samaritan ; 'always ready to pour in 
 the oil and wine of consolation, and to 
 bind up the wounds of the afflicted ; her 
 vmtiring efforts failed not. ^Nlr. Read 
 accumulated a large property, left to his 
 descendants, a worthy family. The ^lan- 
 sion House is one of the ancient laud- 
 marks of Dover. It is kept in good 
 
SCHOOL TEACHING. 51 
 
 repair by the only son now living. The 
 repairs have made no material change in 
 the exterior. 
 
 My husband being desirous of doing 
 more than his small ordinary business 
 would allow, applied to his father to 
 assist him in obtaining some goods to 
 trade on, his father becoming surety to 
 the Havens, of Portsmouth, for a parcel 
 of goods. He commenced trading, but 
 soon found his expectations were not 
 realized in store-keeping. — Grew discour- 
 aged, and decided against all the entreat- 
 ies of his friend, to take a quantity of the 
 English goods, and go out to the West 
 Indies, hoping to dispose of them in a 
 more lucrative manner. He soon made 
 all preliminaries with captain Thomas 
 Boardman, who was bound to St. Domin- 
 go, to sail with him. 
 
62 SCHOOL TEACHING. 
 
 A son of Levi Dearborn, Esq., of lloch- 
 cster, and Mr. Daniel Tripe, of Dover, 
 left their homes for a destiny they knew 
 not of 
 
 Capt. Boardman returned, giving an 
 unsatisfactory account of the men and 
 ship. His report was, he was absent 
 from the ship, Avhen the insurrection of 
 the blacks took place, and knew not 
 what become of them. There was no 
 information received afterwards, notwith- 
 standing his parents and friends looked 
 forward with great solicitude for many 
 years, hoping he might be returned. I 
 was then left on my own resources, with 
 one son, who his grandparents took. 
 His grandfather, in his last will, made 
 him equal to his other heirs, deducting 
 the amount lie had given to his father. 
 
 From the long experience in teachmg, 
 from twenty-eight to thirty years, the 
 writer presumes it would not be unsafe 
 
SCHOOL TEACHING. 53 
 
 to suppose she has instructed more youth 
 than any other lady in N. H. And it is 
 an honest confession for me to say, that I 
 never instructed a child I did not love. 
 It gives me pleasure to know, that many 
 of those then dear youth, are now filling 
 some of the most conspicuous situations 
 in life, of almost every profession. Some 
 years since, an attorney at law, now a 
 member of Congress, brought me a num- 
 ber of certificates I gave him as a reward 
 of merit, while teaching a protracted 
 school in D. of one year. It must have 
 been upwards of forty-five years; they 
 were pleasant mementos. The school- 
 house was finished in 1810, on the same 
 site the brick school-house now stands 
 upon, in School street, on Dover landing. 
 My schools, in Dover, were public, or 
 district schools, with a few exceptions. 
 They had not the great advantages for 
 schools forty or fifty years ago, they have 
 
54 SCHOOL TEACHING. 
 
 now. On tlic last 'quarter of tliis long 
 school, much ambition and excitement 
 was created, to see who would excel at 
 the examination and exhibition that were 
 to come off at the close of the school. 
 The books were taken home, theu* 
 studies reviewed, pieces and dialogues 
 carefully spoken at home and at school. 
 The young ladies' uniform was to be 
 white, with pink sashes. The lads' were 
 to be blue sashes. All preliminaries 
 were made, parents, friends and all, were 
 invited. 
 
SACO, BIDDEFORD. 55 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 SACO, BIDDEFORD. — THE HAYES FAMILY, &C. 
 
 In the autumn of 1853, we crossed the 
 line of the granite state, into the himber 
 state. We made a stop at the Saco 
 House, which was commodious and ele- 
 gant ; kept by Henry 0. Cram, Esq., a 
 courteous and gentlemanly landlord. 
 The attendants at this house, to strangers, 
 were an intelligent young son of Mr. Cram, 
 and a young man who was well versed in 
 the business, who had a supervision over 
 the affairs of the house ; and they made 
 strangers feel pleasantly and at home while 
 there. Taking the far famed Saco beach 
 into consideration, it must be a desirable 
 retreat for visitors, in the summer season. 
 Called on the eminent Dea. J. M. Hayes; 
 this gentleman has probably exerted a 
 
56 SACO, BIDDEFORD. 
 
 better moral and religious influence on 
 minds, than almost any other individual. 
 He is ever ready to visit the sick and 
 sorrowful, and impart consolation and 
 sympathy to the troubled mind. Dea. 
 H. is a paragon of piety, a native of Do- 
 ver, N". H., where his honored parents 
 resided till their death. 
 
 Mr. Herculaus Hayes, a younger 
 brother, was a mercantile gentleman in 
 Boston, for many years. Later in life he 
 removed to New York city, where he ac- 
 cumulated a fortune, which he had the 
 pleasure of distributing to his relatives 
 by a will, in his last sickness, agreeable 
 to his own mind. ]SIr. Hayes was an 
 upright man, honest in all his dealings ; 
 liad an amiable disposition, lived beloved, 
 and died lamented by all who knew hmi. 
 
 We passed a bridge that unites Saco 
 and Biddcford ; could but stop a moment 
 to view tlio stupendous waterfall. We 
 
SACO, BIDDEFORD. 57 
 
 soon found ourselves in the thriving, 
 pleasant manufacturing toAvn of Biclde- 
 ford ; when on inquiry we were directed 
 to the spacious and beautiful house kept 
 by T. K. Lane, Esq. We were intro- 
 duced to the dining hall, where we met 
 first class gentlemen and ladies ; polite, 
 kind, and attentive tenders. 
 
 As my excursion was of a business 
 nature, I called on Augustine Hanes, 
 Esq., the first among equals. I found 
 him the same affable gentleman he was 
 in 1847, when we met him in company 
 with the president of the United States, 
 and suite. 
 
 Mr. Hanes at the head, would be an 
 honor to any corporation in the U. S. 
 He kindly and politely gave me the 
 names of some of the first personages in 
 Biddeford. 
 
 I looked into the ancient town of Ber- 
 wick late in November, '53. I found S. 
 
58 SACO, BIDDEFORD. 
 
 Hale, Esq., at his place of business, one 
 of our former friends and patrons, in a 
 beautiful large counting-room, spacious 
 and neat. My attention was di*awn to 
 an adjoining room, "vvhere there were cul- 
 tivated some of the most fragrant, large 
 and beautiful trees, and flowers. In 
 imagination we glanced at "Melrose," 
 that Scott so beautifully describes. Mr. 
 Hale is a courteous and hospitable gen- 
 tleman ; a true characteristic of the Hale 
 family. He directed me to some of the 
 principal people in the place. 
 
 After passing the "new and splendid 
 academy, which would do any town 
 honor, I came to the residence of Madam 
 Hayes, widow of the late Judge Hayes, 
 where I was received by Mrs. H., and a 
 pleasant daughter, with the ceremonials 
 of politeness and good manners. In the 
 keeping-room hung a splendid portrait of 
 the late Judge, which I looked on with 
 
SACO, BIDDEFORD. 59 
 
 sympathy. It took me back to past days 
 when we w^ere accustomed to see and 
 entertain him with many other gentlemen 
 of like distinction, who are all gone 
 where "no traveler can return." 
 
 I was then introduced into an elegant 
 parlor, where there were a great variety 
 of superb paintings ; one among many, I 
 think, will not escape my memory ; it 
 was a beautiful young daughter of the 
 family, who had deceased; an exquisite 
 painting. 
 
 I mquired for our former friend, the 
 Rev. Mr. Allen. Mr. Allen is a good 
 man, a sound preacher, a conciliatory and 
 wise pastor. 
 
 My thanks are due to Mrs. Burleigh, 
 and her kind family, widow of the late 
 Hon. member of Congress, from Maine. 
 
 I looked in upon a few other kind 
 friends ; it being quite a rainy day, I 
 took my leave, with the intention of 
 calling a second time. 
 
GO ROCKPORT. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 ROCKPORT. 
 
 RocKPORT is situated on the eastern part 
 of Cape Ann. It contains three islands, 
 Straitsmouth, Thatchers and Milk. 
 Straitsmouth has one light, Thatcher's 
 two, and Milk none. The town has two 
 or three thousand inhabitants. 
 
 From an obituary notice, it appears 
 that Mr. John Pool, from Taunton, Eng- 
 land, was among the' first settlers here, 
 in 1699. A number of his worthy de- 
 scendants are now lining. Rockport was 
 then a part of Gloucester. This town is 
 said by strangers to be one of the most 
 delightful spots in New England. The 
 enterprising gentlemen of the village 
 have erected a beautiful duck factory, of 
 stone. Tlie neatness and superior mate- 
 
ROCKPORT. 61 
 
 rial of the article, suqiass almost any 
 other ; and the writer once heard an able 
 solicitor of Medford, Mass., remark, " It 
 requires three things to make any place 
 respectable and popular abroad : a good 
 minister, a good physician, and a good 
 public house." Rockport has more than 
 these in the. cases first mentioned. It 
 has four good meeting-houses with excel- 
 lent ministers in them ; among whom the 
 Kev. Mr. Gale, is a very thorough and 
 excellent preacher, and one who would 
 be an ornament to any town or city. It 
 has four scientific and skillful physicians, 
 namely : Gott, Abbot, Manning, and 
 Haskell. But as to the last named arti- 
 cle, no way-worn traveler can " thank 
 God, and take courage " at its sight ; for 
 it is not to be seen. There is not a rest- 
 ing place for such an one in the town. 
 The writer was there in August, '53, and 
 
 met a genlteman walking the street, with 
 f 
 
62 ROCKPORT. 
 
 his valise in hand, saymg he was waiting 
 for the stage, for he could find no resting 
 place in town, for the stranger. 
 
 A little over two miles from. Eockport, 
 is a delightful place, called Pigeon Cove, 
 where the great sublime sea is extend- 
 ed far out of sight, and the mind seems 
 lost as in a labyrmth. Following it, you 
 will soon arrive at Mr. William Nor- 
 wood's hospitable house, where thou- 
 sands have been made comfortable and 
 happy, through the kindness of Mr. and 
 Mrs. N's hospitality. Pass on a few rods, 
 and you will find Mrs. Babson's, with 
 their elegant boarding-houses, not sur- 
 passed by any in the city. 
 
 The inhabitants of Eockport, will, no 
 doubt, soon see the necessity of good 
 accommodations for strangers, and then 
 we may expect to see good public houses, 
 a town hall, «S:c. 
 
 'I'lie construction of a railroad ironi 
 
ROCKPORT. 63 
 
 Gloucester to this place, is iii contem- 
 plation, and it is hoped that in a short 
 time, the public will have the advantage 
 and pleasure of riding in beautiful cars, 
 much to the promotion of their health 
 and comfort, from one of these places to 
 the other. 
 
64 GILMA^'TO^^ 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 GIL M ANTON. 
 
 After closing a school in Milton, I 
 counted the cost, to see if I had means 
 enough to enter Gilmanton academy; as 
 I felt the importance of pursuing studies, 
 and better preparmg myself as a teacher. 
 I made my intention known to a beloved 
 family, which were relatives and friends. 
 It was soon decided their only daughter 
 should accompany me. She was a young 
 lady of superior talents. Many years 
 afterwards, I heard an able minister say 
 she could write a sermon as well as he 
 could. In the winter of 1805, accom- 
 panied by the lady and her worthy 
 brother, in an open sleigh, in a severe 
 cold day, we set our faces toward the 
 desu'cd seminary. Long icy hills we 
 
GILM ANTON. 
 
 65 
 
 soon had to encounter, almost unsur- 
 mountable, with our weight of baggage. 
 We traveled slowly on, and arrived mid- 
 way of the well known and highly re- 
 spectable town of Barrington, at early 
 candle-light, where we found some kind 
 friends, that cheerfully received us, and 
 made us comfortable and happy. Some 
 years afterward, that good lady with her 
 kind family, removed out to the far w^est. 
 Not many fleeting years had passed away, 
 before we heard of the death of her hus- 
 . band by a sad accident. And later we 
 are informed her sons have been very 
 successful; became wealthy, and with 
 much pleasure rock the cradle of the 
 declining years of their beloved mother. 
 
 The second day at two o'clock we 
 arrived at Mr. French's hotel, in Gilman- 
 ton, where the noble edifice appeared in 
 sight. We partook of an excellent din- 
 ner, after which our kind host directed 
 
 0* 
 
G6 GILMANTON. 
 
 US to an excellent boarding-house, kept 
 by Mrs. Peasly, a pleasant lady, and 
 agreeable companion. Mr. Sheldon, A. 
 M., preceptor, was a gentleman of 
 handsome talents, much beloved and re- 
 spected by his pupils ; he afterwards 
 located in the state of Maine, and filled 
 some honorable station. 
 
 While the noble institution, over which 
 he then in my early school days presided, 
 has never yet ceased with untiring efforts 
 for the cause of education. Thousands 
 now scattered over the great round earth, 
 no doubt have their thoughts and recol- 
 lections centred back on Gilmanton acad- 
 emy, and the pleasant terms there spent. 
 For more than half a century, has this 
 academy exerted its potent influence for 
 good ; and while its daughters have led 
 and nobly distinguished the highest 
 duties of life, its sons have stood in the 
 front ranks with the men of their time. 
 Useful artizans at the shop, and learned 
 
GILMANTON. 67 
 
 judges upon the bench ; noble agricultur- 
 ists upon a thousand hills, and the 
 enterprising business men of hundreds of 
 towns and villages ; honored teachers at 
 their desk, and eloquent divines in their 
 pulpits ; members of state legislatures, 
 and of Congress, and occupants of chairs 
 gubernatorial ; for there all of those 
 could be found, a multitude who would 
 be ready to make the welkin ring with a 
 shout in honor of old Gilmanton acad- 
 emy, whei'e they spent some of the hap- 
 piest days of their life. Thus thousands 
 of all ages and conditions have in com- 
 mon a fond recollection. 
 
 But old Gilmanton academy, we must 
 leave thee, yet shall thy loved days and 
 school-mates, and the ringing of thy glad- 
 some bell, be remembered ; and, be assur- 
 ed, thy sons and daughters shall not be 
 forgotten. Long mayest thou remain 
 the noble companion of Phillips' Exeter 
 academy, and other similar institutions. 
 
bb ALTON. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 A L T N , N . H . 
 
 Alton is twenty-two miles from Concord, 
 and thii'ty-five from Dover; is bounded 
 north by Winncpiseogee lake and bay, 
 nortli-east by "Wolfeborough, cast by New 
 Dui'ham Gore. It was settled in 1770. 
 It was incorporated January 15th, 1796, 
 and was named by one of its proprietors, 
 Alton, after a market town, in South- 
 hamptonshire, England, In November, 
 1853, the writer had the pleasure of 
 visiting Alton, On arrival at the rail- 
 road station, at Alton corner, cast your 
 eye at the right, and you will see the 
 mansion house of Joseph Mooney, Esq., 
 overlooking the entire village. Esq. 
 Mooney is a native of A,, advanced in 
 years, and highly respected. He receives 
 
ALTON. 69 
 
 his friends with much complacency, and 
 tenders his house as their home. He 
 has several brothers who are worthy men, 
 who are the descendants of the late Ma- 
 jor Joseph Mooney. 
 
 On stepping out of the cars, you enter 
 the pleasant village of Alton Corner ; 
 there you will see the Cochecho house, 
 handsomely located, with a pleasant 
 entrance, kept by G. D. Savage, Esq. 
 Mr. Savage is a gentlemanly landlord, — 
 has good accommodations for his guests. 
 
 ^Ye noticed near the public house, a 
 beautiful residence, owned by J. W. 
 French, Esq., who is one of the wealthy 
 men in the j)lace, and with others of his 
 associates, has done much for the im- 
 provement of the pleasant village. Many 
 thanks are due to the gentlemen and 
 ladies of Alton Corner. With the kind- 
 est feelings I hasten away, and pass on 
 a romantic walk of one mile, where a 
 
70 ALTON. 
 
 splendid sheet of water, called Alton bay, 
 opens to view; and is the celebrated 
 place where the Lady of the Lake is 
 constantly arri\-ing and departing. 
 
 The next attraction at Alton bay, is 
 tlie commodions and beautiful public 
 house, kept by J. S. Thompson, Esq. 
 The hospitality and kindness of ]Mr. 
 Thompson, will insure him the patron- 
 age of all visitors, and the public gener- 
 aUy. 
 
 Alton, N. H. has five meeting-houses, 
 •svith their several respective ministers ; 
 three physicians, one lawyer, three hotels, 
 two railroad stations, seven saw-mills, 
 two grist-mills, one sash factory, five 
 shingle and clapboard mills, five shoe 
 manufactories, five post-offices, viz: Al- 
 ton, J. P. Boody, r. M. ; Alton Bay, 
 William L. Emerson, P. M. ; West Al- 
 ton, W. C. G. Emerson, P. M. ; South 
 Alton, T.. J. Taug, P. M. ; East Alton, 
 
ALTON. 71 
 
 A. T. Gilman, P. M. About 250,000 
 pairs of shoes are manufactured annually. 
 Amount of goods sold annually by the 
 several traders, is estimated as follows : 
 
 French & Savage, 
 
 ^20,000. 
 
 J. Jones & Co., 
 
 12,000. 
 
 D. Barker, 
 
 5,000. 
 
 C. P. Emerson, 
 
 4,000. 
 
 W. C. G. Emerson, 
 
 6,000. 
 
 A. T. Gilman, 
 
 3,000. 
 
 $50,000. 
 
72 rAK.MI>.GTON. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 FARMINGTON. 
 
 Parmington, N. H., was formerly a part 
 of Rochester ; was incorporated as a dis- 
 tinct town, December 1st, 1798, The 
 Hon. Aaron Wingate settled in Farming- 
 ton when it was almost a wilderness. 
 He was a gentleman of distinguished 
 ability, a sober, grave, judicious man; 
 for many years a member of the legisla- 
 ture ; a counselor from 1797 to 1803; 
 and for a succession of years, chief justice 
 of the ccmimon pleas in Stafford county ; 
 died in 1822, aged seventy-eight. Judge 
 Wingate left a worthy family. ^ladam 
 "VVingate survived her husband a number 
 of years. J. Wingate, Esq., only survi- 
 ving son, is a gentleman of eminence. 
 Caleb Varney, a member of the society 
 
FARMINGTON. 73 
 
 of friends, was one of those firm young 
 men who made his way in that lofty 
 forest in Farmington ; cleared up the 
 land, and commenced his agricultural 
 pursuits ; accumulated wealth, which is 
 now inherited by his son "William, the 
 only surviving heir ; who strictly adheres 
 to the principles early taught him. The 
 family is proverbial for their alms-givmg 
 at the present day. 
 
 We visited Farmington in 1853 ; the 
 place was materially changed. We called 
 at the residence of J. AVingate, Esq., 
 whose hospitality and kindness will long 
 be remembered ; where we met the aged 
 Mrs. Titcomb, a former friend. Madam 
 T. was the mother of Mr. Wingate's 
 wife, who had deceased, and a lady of 
 eminent piety. We had the pleasure of 
 meeting the family of George Titcomb, 
 Esq., who were inmates of the same resi- 
 dence. Mr. Titcomb is a courteous gen- 
 
74 FARMINGTON. 
 
 tleman, and Mrs. T. an accomplished 
 lady ; none could visit them but to ad- 
 mire and love them. We called on the 
 principal gentlemen and ladies, were re- 
 ceived kindly and politely. 
 
 The residence of J. Barker has a com- 
 manding appearance ; our thanks are 
 due to ]Mr. and Mrs. B., and to G. X. 
 Eastman, Esq. We happily met our 
 friend, ^Nlrs. C. Hanson ; Mrs. Hanson is 
 a strong minded lady; in 1842 was an 
 efficient secretary of the Martha Wash- 
 ington Society, Dover, N. H. We return 
 our warmest thanks to Mr. and Mrs. 
 Hanson and other kind members of their 
 family, for the hospitality and kindness 
 received while stoppmg at their pleasant 
 boarding-house. 
 
 Farmington has a good meeting-house, 
 with a fine sounding bell ; a commodious 
 school-house, that would be an honor to 
 any village ; a number of English goods 
 
FARMINGTON. /O 
 
 and grocery stores ; has two able physi- 
 cians. Dr. D. T. Parker, is a talented man, 
 has had a long and successful practice ; 
 Dr. Whitehouse is a gentlemanly man, 
 and is fast gaining popularity and prac- 
 tice. 
 
 Two able counselors at law, Hon. N. 
 Eastman, and son. 
 
 And is proverbial for its large and ex- 
 tensive shoe business, for which I had an 
 abundant evidence from the noble and 
 generous operators in the business. 
 
76 ^riLTON. 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 MILTON. 
 
 Milton is bounded north-west by Mid- 
 dleton and Wakefield, east by Salmon 
 Falls river, separating it from Maine ; 
 south-west by Farmington. The Salmon 
 Falls river washes its whole east boun- 
 dary, a distance of thirteen miles ; and a 
 branch of the same river crosses from the 
 south part of Wakefield, and unites near 
 the centre of the east boundary. Tcne- 
 riffe, a bold and rocky mountain, extends 
 along the eastern part of Milton, near 
 which lies the three ponds, connecting 
 with the Salmon Falls river. This town 
 was formerly a part of Eochester, where 
 Messrs. Joseph Plumcr, Bard Plumor, 
 William Palmer, Benjamin Scates, and 
 their associates, went boldly into the 
 
MILTON. 77 
 
 forest and commenced cutting down the 
 sturdy oaks, in a pleasant place now 
 called Miltonridge, which was detached 
 from Rochester, and incorporated, June 
 11th, 1802. Those worthy gentlemen, 
 with industry and application, soon made 
 noble farms, early became wealthy and 
 independent. J. Plumer erected a public 
 house, which was known for three score 
 years and upwards, as Plumer's tavern ; 
 one of the best mns ever builf and kept 
 in New England, in those early days. 
 The Hon. B. Plumer was a statesman, 
 he was chosen senator in district No. 5, 
 Strafford county, in New Hampshire 
 legislature, for several years. 
 
 William Palmer, Esq., was a useful 
 man, his mind was well stored with 
 useful knowledge, and was competent to 
 decide any arbitrations that might occur ; 
 he was highly respected. ' Dea. B. Scates 
 lived beloved by all, a worthy exemplary 
 
78 MILTON. 
 
 Christian. Those early settlers have left 
 highly respectable descendants. 
 
 A number of years since, the writer 
 providentially called at the mansion house 
 of the late senator Plumer, which was 
 owned and occupied by one of his sons, 
 who was laboring in the last stages of 
 consumption ; had his family of children 
 gathered around, with the good minister 
 of the parish. Rev. Mr. AValker, for their 
 baptism. I heard him a short time after- 
 ward remark, " If my father and my un- 
 cle Joseph, and Esq. Palmer, had been 
 religious men, what a good influence 
 they would have exerted over this town." 
 
 The writer can look back with grati- 
 ti;de to tlic early patronage she received 
 in Rochester, now Miltonridge. At the 
 age of sixteen years I taught a school in 
 the P. District; boarded in the families 
 of the three first settlers, where kindness 
 and friendship were the leading traits of 
 
MILTON. 79 
 
 character. My following terms of teach- 
 ing were at the three ponds, in the dis- 
 trict of Timothy Roberts, Esq., Ensign 
 "William Jones, and John Fish, Esq., and 
 other officiating gentlemen of the place. 
 It well might be pronounced a good 
 school ; the attention of the scholars 
 was given to their studies, and each one 
 was emulous to excel. At the close of 
 the term, relatives, friends and neigh- 
 bors, were invited to hear the recitations, 
 and see and hear the dialogues spoken, 
 which was rather a new thing half a 
 century ago, so far up in the woods. The 
 writer has fallen in with individuals in 
 later years, that referred to that school. 
 There are many descendants of those 
 Milton gentlemen who fill eminent places 
 in public life, who were of much enter- 
 prise; left their homes at an early day, to 
 seek friends and wealth in other places. 
 The writer had an opportunity of visit- 
 
80 MILTON. 
 
 ing Milton in January, 1854, where an 
 entire change had taken place. Many of 
 those who made their homes so pleasant, 
 were no more ; they return not. But 
 we were soon drawn from tears of sym- 
 pathy, to be introduced to other scenes. 
 Cheerful, lively, animated faces, had 
 taken the places of those that were not ; 
 all appeared desu'ous of doing good. To 
 effect their object, they assembled at the 
 residence of theu* pastor, the Rev. Mr. 
 Dolt, taking with them a quantity of 
 useful articles, such as any family would 
 find necessary, as well as a surplus of 
 that which we say answers all purposes ; 
 and also a luxuriant feast of good things, 
 served up in fine style. Rev. Mr. Dolt is 
 a man of examplary piety, and unsullied 
 integrity, is much beloved by his people. 
 
 But to return to Milton, named in 
 honor of our English Homer. 
 
 The town has increased in population 
 
MILTON. 
 
 81 
 
 and business ; and its water power and 
 railroad aid the enterprise of the in- 
 habitants. It has three houses for public 
 worship, two ministers, Rev. James Dolt, 
 Congregational, Rev. L. H. Gordon, 
 Methodist. There are four practicing 
 physicians: Dr. S. Drew, early settled 
 at the three ponds, and for thirty years 
 and upwards, had the entire practice of 
 tlie town. His long and successful prac- 
 tice has endeared him to the people. Dr. 
 D. E. Palmer, is a gentleman of much 
 promise, and is fast gaining friends and 
 practice. Dr. Buck is eminent in his 
 profession, and a physician of high re- 
 spectability. Dr. Swindleton is useful in 
 his profession, and popular. The shoe 
 business of late has become very import- 
 ant. It has one bakery; Charles Swea- 
 sey, Esq., proprietor. Mr. Sweasey has 
 long been known as a gentleman of 
 exemplary piety. The manufactory of 
 
82 MILTON, 
 
 woolen fabrics is carried on at the west- 
 erly village, under the super"\dsion of Mr. 
 Townsend, proprietor. It has a good 
 town house, with stores, mills, and public 
 houses, in due proportion. 
 
 "We noticed at South INIilton, a beauti- 
 ful and substantial family tomb, built by 
 the antiquarian, Theodore C. Lyman, 
 Esq. A Boston gentleman remarked, 
 " It would do Mount Auburn credit." 
 
 But dropping a tear over the graves of 
 those we early loved, we hasten from 
 Milton away. 
 
GREAT FALLS. 83 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 GREAT FA LLS . 
 
 Great Falls villnge, Somersworth, N. 
 H. Thirty-two years since, (a. d. 1822,) 
 a solitary farm house stood, as it had 
 long stood, on the Avesterly, or New 
 Hampshire bank of the Salmon Falls 
 river. The sturdy husbandman owner, 
 was the Robinson Crusoe-like monarch 
 of all he surveyed on his side of the 
 river ; while upon the easterly or Maine 
 bank, there lived, and thank God still 
 lives, an old Revolutionary pensioner, 
 whose head has now been bleached by 
 the frosts of four-score and fifteen win- 
 ters, and who has voted at every presi- 
 dential election from Washington's to 
 Taylor's, inclusive. Between these farm 
 houses lay a road with a rude bridge 
 
84 GREAT FALLS. 
 
 crossing the river, if both road and 
 brido-e were not too rude to merit so 
 honorable a name. Here had these two 
 respectable farmers cultivated their many 
 acres for many years. Near to the one 
 upon the Maine bank, had lived " old 
 Master Sullivan," the Irish pedagogue, 
 and fatlier of the noble family of that 
 name, about which Revolutionary and 
 gubernatorial honors clustered. Yes, 
 here in the wilderness, for then it was 
 little better, " ere the time that tried 
 men's souls," had this poor immigrant 
 school teacher and former, reared those 
 noble young men, John and James Sulli- 
 van, both of whom were to " shine at the 
 bar, and adorn the bench ;" both of 
 whom were to be members of Congress ; 
 both governors of patriotic Massachusetts 
 and New Hampshu'C ; and John the 
 Revolutionary general and fast friend of 
 the immortal Washington. 
 
GREAT FALLS. 85 
 
 And we ever seem to be carried back 
 to the stormy but glorious days of '76, 
 whenever the old pensioner tells us, as he 
 often does, anecdotes of his old school- 
 master, the father of general Sullivan, as 
 he delights to call him. In the immedi- 
 ate vicinity is still to be seen, the tomb- 
 stone of the " old master " and his wife, 
 the aggregate amount of whose ages is 
 little if any short of two hundred years ; 
 while close at hand is a burial ground 
 now being rapidly filled up, in which lie 
 buried a number of Africa's dark sons 
 and daughters, who were the slaves of 
 my Revolutionary pensioner father, and 
 whose remains now moulder close by 
 their master's. The dust of both min- 
 gles beneath a common sod ; mother 
 earth unconsciously embosoms both, 
 while their spirits have fled to their 
 Father, God, in whose presence it mat- 
 ters not what color an Indian or an 
 
 8 
 
86 GREAT FALLS. 
 
 African sun may liave burned upon tlic 
 pilgrim. 
 
 The river for a number of miles above 
 the bridge, is a dull respectable stream, 
 moving with the slow dignity of a frothy 
 alderman ; but at this pomt it dashes 
 heedlessly down over precipitous rocks, 
 and on by dark frowning cliffs upon the 
 one side, and gentle rising slopes upon the 
 other ; and lilce the once virtuous man 
 when he breaks loose from moral restraints, 
 down it plunges in its mad career. Yet 
 onward and downward it goes to a 
 still lower level. Here the neighbors 
 had " kidnapped " the reckless stream, 
 and doomed it to grind their corn, and 
 saw their lumber. Some two or three 
 miles easterh', a worthy divine by the 
 name of flilliard, preached to a congre- 
 gational church ; while a few miles south- 
 westerly was the old Somersworth meet- 
 ing-house, where the Kcv. Mr. Pike, 
 
GREAT FALLS. 87 
 
 father of the author of that huge mass of 
 unexplained wisdom, Pike's Arithmetic, 
 had preached to his congregation, and 
 entertained the celebrated "Whitefield, 
 within the memory of the above-men- 
 tioned old pensioner. The house in 
 w^liich Pike had preached, had long since 
 been burned to the ground by lightning ; 
 and its bell, one of the first church bells 
 in Strafford county, melted. How solemn 
 to think that of the many, many thou- 
 sands, w^ho hung with rapture upon the 
 eloquence of Whitefield, or w^ere melted 
 into contrition by his powerful appeals 
 in favor of Christianity and a " new life," 
 how very few now living remember his 
 visits to America. Yes, my ancient 
 friend, small indeed among the living, 
 is the number of thy early cotemporaries, 
 who were the associates of the fathers of 
 revolutionary heroes, and who can re- 
 member Whitefield' s visits to the Ameri- 
 
88 GREAT FALLS. 
 
 can colonies. I well remember seeing 
 you at the monumental celebration on 
 Bunker Hill, and as you sat close by 
 New England's great orator, heard him 
 exclaim, in amount, to you and your 
 associates of 76 : " Wonderful men! you 
 have come down to us from another gen- 
 eration ; you arc the link that binds us 
 to the past ; the veneration and prayers 
 of the country rest upon your heads ; 
 nearly in the language of the farewell of 
 your beloved and immortal chief, we 
 would pray that your latter da) s may be 
 as happy as your former ones were hon- 
 orable and glorious." 
 
 But to the place, for aught we know 
 since the time when the " sons of heaven 
 exultingly shouted o'er the rising ball," 
 and " the morning stars sang together for 
 joy," had the river dashed down these 
 precipitous rocks, with but little beneftt 
 to man. True, the dingy sons of the 
 
GREAT FALLS, 89 
 
 forest had here caught the salmon, as - 
 he ascended the river, hence its name. 
 Equally true was it that the river was 
 now made to turn a wheel for the old- 
 fashioned saw-mill and grist-mill, of pio- 
 neer civilization. And who that has ever 
 seen these rude structiu-es, can forget 
 them. Born of the ax and saw, with 
 their huge " mud sills," " fender posts," 
 and " meal beans," respectively they were 
 powerful aids to struggling civilization. 
 Their erection was an era to the region 
 about them. The raising day w^as long 
 remembered ; I cannot stop to sketch it. 
 Let it suffice to say, that the saw-mill 
 was built on shares, and that here " each 
 man had his day," while at the grist-mill, 
 " first come, first serve," was scrupulously 
 taught to the poor man, who carried his 
 grain for long miles upon his weary back, 
 as well as to the more aristocratic lads 
 and buxom lasses, who came to mill 
 
90 GREAT FALLS. 
 
 upon horseback. Plere the games of 
 Morris and chequers, fox and geese, peck 
 and bushel, served to while away the 
 time durmg which the sluggish mill was 
 masticating food for man. And all these 
 games at this particular mill had been 
 well presided over by the sovereign of 
 the mealy hat, whether that emblem was 
 worn by the descendants of Japliat or of 
 Ham ; for although here had been no 
 "war of the roses," yet different d}Tiasties 
 had reigned. But, see ! a mighty power 
 approaches, commanding cdoud, get out 
 of the way old mills. 
 
 " Sambo, hang up the fiddle and the bow, 
 Take down the shovel and hoe." 
 
 Friend AVendel buys mills, privileges, 
 and adjoining lands. The Granite state, 
 destined, said Franklin to be a manu- 
 facturing state, grants a charter 1823. 
 That mighty and almost deified power 
 
GREAT FALLS. 91 
 
 wliicli binds distant cities and sister 
 states together by iron bands ; stretches 
 the metalic thread of electric thought 
 over empires ; makes mountains (if not 
 ghosts) " down at its bidding ;" whitens 
 old ocean with the canvass of commerce ; 
 ploughs it with herculean steamships ; 
 studs it with her navies " black and 
 bold ; showers the profusions of each 
 clime upon every other ; sends civiliza- 
 tion and Christianity to the h( athen na- 
 tions ; grinds toiling millions under its 
 heartless despotism ; this god — this 
 devil — I need not say his name is Money 
 Power — approached these Great Falls in 
 the Salmon Falls river. Old things are 
 at once done away ; life, labor and ener- 
 gy make busy the place. The old saw- 
 mill disappears, and a noble factory 
 shows its broad proportions ; multitudes 
 of the young and strong, the vigorous 
 and enterprising of both sexes, come 
 
9 '2 GKEAT FALLS. 
 
 rushing in from all directions like winds 
 towards the conflagration, for here labor 
 is to be performed, and money procured. 
 Roads are laid out, bridges built, streets 
 opened, while dwelling-houses, school- 
 houses and churches, large boarding- 
 houses and factories, stores, &c., spring 
 up with the rapidity of Jonah's gourd. 
 Cottons and superfine broadcloth are sent 
 in vast quantities from the place; till in 
 A. D. 1832, it was the largest manufac- 
 tory of broadcloth in the United States. 
 Now the manufactory of broadcloth is 
 given up, and the company with a capi- 
 tal of §1,500,000, (one and a half mU- 
 ions,) devotes its energies to the manu- 
 facturing of cottons. Six huge mills, 
 with seventy-five thousand spindles, and 
 nineteen hundred looms, are tended by 
 two thousand enterprising and intelligent 
 ladies and gentlemen, (three-fourths of 
 whom are ladies,) and who to feed these 
 
GREAT FALLS. 93 
 
 monsters, and keep tliem. busy, annually 
 lay the south under contribution for ten 
 thousand bales of cotton ; the sperm, 
 whales for nine thousand gallons of their 
 oil ; the forests of Maine and New 
 Hampshire for five thousand cords of 
 wood ; Pennsylvania for three hundred 
 tons of anthracite coal ; and the rest of 
 creation for vast quantities of such 
 knick-nacks as leather and iron, steel 
 and soap, lumber, &c. &c. While the 
 mills repay for this immense consumption 
 of articles, and more than regal attend- 
 ance by yearly producing seventeen mil- 
 lions yards of cloth, which in a contin- 
 uous web would exceed in length the 
 American continent ; would reach from 
 the mills to the Cape of Good Hope, and 
 leave a big remnant to spare ; or would 
 give a yard to every man, woman and 
 child, of our population in A. D. 1840. 
 And at the same time disburses through 
 
94 GREAT FALLS. 
 
 the hands of our friend, T. B. Moses, 
 Esq., more than forty thousand dollars 
 per annum, mostly to the operatives. 
 Recently a bleachery has been erected, 
 capable of bleaching three tons of goods 
 per day. 
 
 Look now over that lonesome territory, 
 occupied by the farm in 1832, and you 
 behold a beautiful tillage of four thou- 
 sand inhabitants, compact but crowded, 
 the good houses stretching along the 
 well looking streets, many of which are 
 lined with shade and ornamental trees ; 
 Avhile the well-filled stores upon either 
 hand, remind you that trade and thrift 
 have here found a happy home. Four 
 church steeples point with taper spire to 
 heaven, (if one be not steepleless.) and 
 five congregations with a weekly aggre- 
 gate of some two thousand worshipers, 
 listen to the teachings of the sanctuary. 
 That the churches are prosperous, might 
 
GREAT FALLS. 95 
 
 be inferred from the facts (if it needed to 
 be proved that churches are always pros- 
 perous in well regulated and moral com- 
 munities) that the Free-will Baptist 
 within a few years, have been compelled 
 to build a larger house of worship, and 
 are highly prosperous, with Elder Steer, 
 for pastor. The Methodist with E.ev. 
 Mr. Smith for minister, have sent a free 
 church to the Town Hall, under Eev. 
 Mr. Holman, and yet have a well-filled 
 house. The Calvinistic Baptist with 
 Rev. Mr. Hooper, are in a prosperous 
 condition ; and the Congregationalist, 
 whom the Rev. J. T. McCollom has just 
 left, after a settlement of nine or ten 
 years, have been very prosperous, so 
 much so, that galleries have had to be 
 built in the house, to accommodate at- 
 tendants. The loss of Mr. McCollom is 
 deeply lamented by the church, and re- 
 gretted by the village at large. As a 
 
96 CKKAT FALLS. 
 
 citizen, sound divine, and speaker, he is 
 equalled by few. 
 
 High on " Holmes' Hill," overlooking 
 the village, stands a free academy, called 
 the high school ; erected at an expense 
 of fifteen thousand dollars ; it is, to say 
 the least, an ornament to the village, and 
 an honor to its generous tax paying 
 builders, and a blessing to the rising gen- 
 eration. "We found the school well spo- 
 ken of, and under the charge of our 
 friend Hills. Indeed, the village seems 
 to be noted for its good schools, and for 
 ■v^•hich tlie teachers are paid three thou- 
 sand dollars per annum. They have had 
 a course of Lyceum lectures each winter 
 for quite a number of years. A library 
 of twenty-five hundred or three thousand 
 volumes, is accessible to all, upon terms 
 the most easy. Thus by means of lectures 
 and library, churches and schools, have 
 the people nobly provided themselves and 
 
GREAT FALLS.' 97 
 
 the rising generation, with the means 
 of moral and. intellectual improvement. 
 Some fifteen years since, that mighty 
 adjunct of civilization — and of progress 
 the very type — the steam-engine, blew 
 his shrill whistle, and came rattling into 
 the village, with a long train of cars. 
 Halting here a few years, he is now at 
 Milton, on his journey to the White 
 Mountains, expecting soon to wake up 
 the good denizens of Wakefield, and 
 scare the deer from his ancient retreat 
 around Mount Washington. 
 
 Enter the village at night, and you 
 behold the streets, stores, and dwelling- 
 houses, beautifully illuminated with gas. 
 All these indications of thrift and indus- 
 try, morality and enterprise, considered 
 in connection with the fact that the man- 
 ufacturing company have yet a large 
 amount of unused water power, go clear- 
 ly to foreshow that this place has not yet 
 
98 Cr.EAT FALLS. 
 
 arrived to its manhood growth. Space 
 notifies us that we miist put a period to 
 this chapter. Of the business men we 
 must let the present and future prosperi- 
 ty of the village speak, while the manu- 
 facturing company with their agent, J. A. 
 Burleigh, have done much for the place, 
 and are expected to do much more. 
 
 Of its seven able lawyers, five eloquent 
 divines, and eleven skillful physicians, 
 among all of whom we number personal 
 friends, we must omit to speak in partic- 
 ular. To intricate questions of law, 
 deplorable instances of sinful rebellion 
 against eternal goodness, and to cases of 
 complicated disease, Ave leave them re- 
 spectively, feeling assured that from 
 thence they will wring tlu^ir merited ap- 
 plause. To the enterprising men and 
 worthy wives, the promising sons and 
 fair daughters of this happy place, we 
 would most affectionately say adieu. 
 
GREAT FALLS. 09 
 
 We are entirely indebted to John D. 
 Lyman, Esq., for the historical and bio- 
 graphical sketches of that beautiful village, 
 Great Falls, Somersworth. Mr. Lyman 
 is a gentleman of handsome talents, and 
 may safely be said to excel in the profes- 
 sion of his eaily choice — a teacher of the 
 youth. 
 
 Esq. Burley is an attorney at law, of 
 hish standinoj. Is an honor to the cor- 
 poration over which he has the agency, 
 which may be said to be one of the first 
 in New England. 
 
 T. B. Moses, Esq., financier of the 
 department, is a courteous gentleman, to 
 whom we are much indebted for statis- 
 tics, and other favors. 
 
100 MEDFORD. 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 IMEDFORD, MASS. 
 
 By the solicitation of friends, in 1819, 
 we opened the beautiful house called the 
 Medford Hotel, owned by ]\Ir. Blanchard. 
 At the commencement, our prospects 
 were very flattering ; Init the mysteries of 
 Providence are dark and unforeseen. We 
 were soon overtaken with a great sick- 
 ness through the family. For the first 
 time in my life, I learned the long lesson, 
 acquiescence. " Lord, not as I will, but 
 as Thou wilt." In constant attendance 
 we had that grave divine, the Eev. Dr. 
 Osgood ; his fervent prayers, the memory 
 of which is embalmed in the heart. 
 
 In kind remembrance of those beloved 
 people in INIedford, though many of them 
 have passed away to return no more. 
 
MEDFORD. 101 
 
 their great attention, hospitality and 
 kindness, during that protracted sick- 
 ness, will ever be held in grateful re- 
 membrance by the writer. 
 
 Gov. Brooks, that worthy good man, 
 was one of our constant visitors, and 
 benefactors, in attendance with our be- 
 loved, able, and successful Dr. Swan. 
 
 The untiring attention of Mr. Blanch- 
 ard's kind family, will ever be remem- 
 bered and appreciated. 
 
 o» 
 
102 CHELSEA, 
 
 CHAPTER XV 
 
 CHELS EA. 
 
 Chelsea may be said to be one of the 
 most pleasant places in the vicinity of 
 Boston. The steamboats and omnibuses 
 arc constantly plying between the places. 
 It has a large number of churches or 
 meeting-houses, some of which for beauty 
 and elegance, surpass many in large 
 cities. 
 
 The several societies are united in each 
 other ; have theii* own social gatherings, 
 where harmony and kind feelings prevail. 
 We had the pleasure a short time, of 
 worshiping in the Broadway church, 
 under the administration of the Bev. ]\Ir. 
 Copp. Mr. Copp is a sound preacher, 
 and an able divine. He is highly es- 
 teemed, and much beloved by his people. 
 
CHELSEA. 103 
 
 Chelsea is fast increasing in popula- 
 tion and wealth. It has many worthy 
 and enterprising gentlemen, who early 
 commenced business there, and have been 
 aiding its progress, and no doubt will 
 ere long realize what they have been 
 looking forward to, a populous city. 
 
104 BOSTON. 
 
 CHAPTER XYI. 
 
 BOSTON. 
 
 This metropolis of New England, is a 
 fine city ; and, in many respects, the first 
 and best in this western world. It was 
 called by the aborigines of the conntry, 
 Shawmut, and selected by our fathers as 
 a site for a town, on account of its sweet 
 springs. 
 
 Its beautiful Common, is unsurpassed 
 as a Park, by any thing of the kind in 
 America. Other cities may have more 
 squares and parks, or breathing places 
 than Boston possesses, but we venture 
 the assertion, that there is no one park 
 in any of them, which excels this com- 
 mon. It is large, diversified with hill 
 and dale ; "well supplied with ornamental 
 and shade trees, including the *' great 
 
BOSTON. 105 
 
 elm," said, on good authority to be more 
 than three hundred years old, and more 
 vigorous now than it Avas one hundred 
 years ago. In this large park, we have 
 a beautiful pond, and a fountain jet is in 
 brilHant action a portion of every day. 
 We have heard but one opinion express- 
 ed by all strangers who visit Boston, 
 respecting the beauty, variety, and utility 
 of the common. May it ever be kept, as 
 at present, open on the west, to the pure 
 air of the country. 
 
 At the head of the common stands the 
 State House, an elegant and splendid 
 building, with its majestic dome lifted 
 high above all surrounding objects, and 
 seen by the surrounding countrymen, and 
 the sailor entering the port, for many 
 miles distant. 
 
 The Atheneeum, a fine building, a few 
 rods from the common, on Beacon street, 
 comprises one of the oldest, most respec- 
 
106 BOSTON. 
 
 table, and well selected libraries of the 
 country. It is a Boston institution, and 
 of great benefit to her citizens. 
 
 The Eooms of the Historical Society, 
 are on Tremont street, a short distance 
 north from the common, and contain a 
 respectable and well selected class of 
 ancient and venerable books. This soci- 
 ety would have been of far greater bene- 
 fit, had not the number of its members 
 been limited by its charter to only sixty. 
 
 The Boston Library, a new institution, 
 to which Mr. Bates, of London, gave 
 fifty thousand dollars, is located in Ma- 
 son street, but a few steps from the com- 
 mon. This institution promises to be of 
 great benefit to the city. The collection 
 of books is very valuable, and the citi- 
 zens are allowed to take them home to 
 read. 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Associa- 
 tion, and the Young Men's Christian 
 
BOSTON. 107 
 
 Union, are among the essential associa- 
 tions of Boston for doing good. The 
 former occupy fine rooms in the Tre- 
 mont Temple, and the latter in Bedford 
 street. 
 
 The churches in Boston are noble edi- 
 fices, and the clergy have ever been re- 
 nowned for talent and piety. Among 
 the old meeting-houses, which survived 
 the war of the revolution, and which are 
 still standing, and apparently none the 
 w^orse for wear, may be enumerated the 
 Old South, Brattle Street, and the Stone 
 Chapel. Each of these is worth seeing, 
 and should be visited by all the inhabit- 
 ants of the city, and by strangers. It 
 would not be in good taste to make a 
 comparison between either the houses of 
 worship, or the clergy of different denom- 
 inations. Let it suffice to say, they are 
 all highly respectable, and not surpassed 
 as a whole by those of any city in the 
 Union. 
 
108 BOSTON. 
 
 Boston now covers twice the territory 
 that was land in the first settlement of 
 the town. This land has been rescued 
 from the water by the hand of man. 
 Since the railroads have been built, 
 whole hills of gravel have been trans- 
 ported to Boston to make land, upon 
 which spacious dwellings and warehouses 
 have been erected. 
 
 South Boston, (also a part of the city,) 
 contains six hundred acres, and is laid 
 out in streets and squares. In this tract, 
 are the " Dorchester Hights," celebrated 
 in the history of the revolution, rearing 
 their majestic heads one hundred and 
 thirty feet above the level of the sea, 
 from which may be had a magnificent 
 view of Boston harbor, and of the sur- 
 rounding country. The situation of this 
 part of the city is picturesque and beau- 
 tiful. 
 
 East Boston, (also u part oi" tlie city.) 
 
BOSTON. 109 
 
 is on "what was formerly known as Nod- 
 dle's Island. The island contains six 
 hundred and sixty acres of arable land, 
 and a large body of flats. This island, 
 in 1630 was owned by Samuel Maverick, 
 and at the same time, Boston proper, 
 which then contained only seven hundred 
 acres, was owned by John Blackstone. 
 East Boston is now a flourishing part of 
 the city. The Cunard steamers stop 
 here, and manufacturing and ship-build- 
 ing are extensively carried on in this part 
 of the city. Boston is badly laid out, 
 but when it is considered that the 
 amount of land was but small, and the 
 inhabitants depended chiefly upon their 
 farms and gardens for subsistence, it is 
 wonderful that they laid out the streets 
 as well as they did. 
 
 We have spoken of "• the common ;" 
 but little space was originally aflbrded 
 for public squares and pleasure-grounds, 
 
 10 
 
110 BU.STON. 
 
 But ill the new portions of the city, more 
 space has been left, and upon the neck 
 tlierc are reserved a numb^er of open 
 squares, such as Franklin, Blackstone, 
 Chester, &c. These, and the wide and 
 straight streets, render the south part of 
 the city very pleasant and desirable for a 
 residence. 
 
 The. Old State House is still standing, 
 at the head of State street, and is, at 
 present, occupied for stores and offices. 
 Though it is a fine specimen of the archi- 
 tecture of by-gone days, its removal 
 "would greatly promote the beauty and 
 convenience of State street. 
 
 Faneuil Hall, the old " Cradle of Lib- 
 erty," is one of the first buildings which 
 the stranger inquires for. This was the 
 forum of Revolutionary eloquence. The 
 land upon which it stands, was the gift 
 of Peter Faneuil ; and the portrait of the 
 giver which hangs in the hall, is all that 
 
BOSTON. Ill 
 
 remains of him, for he lived and died a 
 bachelor. The hall is one hundred feet 
 long by eighty broad, and three stories 
 high. Here are the busts of those men 
 whose eloquence made a monarch three 
 thousand miles distant, tremble on his 
 throne, among whom were Hancock, and 
 Samuel and John Adams. 
 
 Faneuil Hall Market, one of the lar- 
 gest and most costly buildmgs in the city, 
 is directly east of the old hall. It is five 
 hundred and thirty-five feet in length, 
 and fifty in breadth. It is substantially 
 built of Quincy granite, and will last as 
 long as the pyramids. The edifice cost 
 ^150,000 exclusive of the land. The 
 upper hall is called Quincy hall, in 
 honor of Josiah Quincy, during whose 
 mayoralty it was built. Faneuil Hall 
 Market is one of the best furnished mar- 
 kets in the world. 
 
 There are several other markets in the 
 
112 BOSTON. 
 
 city, such as tlie Boylston, Williams, 
 Blackstonc, &c. 
 
 The City Hall, where the fathers trans- 
 act the business for the public welfare, 
 stands on an open plot of ground, be- 
 tween Court square and School street. 
 The length of the buildmg is one hun- 
 dred and forty feet. It is built of granite, 
 and consists of an octagon centre, with 
 wings on the east and west. 
 
 The Court House, in Court square, be- 
 tween the city hall and Court street, 
 accommodates all the courts of the city, 
 county, '^state, and United States, for this 
 district. It is a noble edifice, of hewn 
 granite, one hundred and seventy-five feet 
 long, fifty-four feet wide, and fifty-seven 
 feet high. It is altogether too fine a 
 building to be stuck do^^^l in such an 
 unsightly place. 
 
 The INIercliants' Exchange, is on the 
 south side of State street, and a magnifi- 
 
BOSTON. 113 
 
 cent edifice. It is built of Qiiiiicy gran- 
 ite ; its front on State street, is seventy- 
 six feet ; its height, seventy feet ; and its 
 depth, two hundred and fifty feet. It 
 covers thirteen thousand feet of land, and 
 cost §175,000, exclusive of the site. The 
 central hall, for the merchants' exchange 
 and reading-room, is very spacious and 
 splendid. There is a hotel in the build- 
 ing, and the front and basement are occu- 
 pied for other offices and the post office. 
 
 The 'Custom House is a magnificent 
 edifice. It was twelve years in being 
 built, and cost §1,076,000. It is situated 
 between Long "wharf, and Central wharf. 
 Its form is that of a Greek cross, sur- 
 mounted with a dome. This dome, with 
 the entire roof, is of granite tile. The 
 length of the building is one hundred 
 and forty feet ; its width seventy-five feet^ 
 The exterior is purely Grecian Doric, but 
 it is not an exact copy of any ancient 
 
114 BOSTON. 
 
 model. It was designed and executed by 
 the plans of Mr. A. B. Young, a Boston 
 architect. 
 
 The new City Prison, near Cambridge 
 bridge, makes an imposing appearance ; 
 its centre being octagonal, with four 
 mngs radiating from it. It is built of 
 Quincy granite, and is surmounted by a 
 beautiful clock ; and altogether presents 
 so fine an aspect, and such comfortable 
 looking quarters, that any good citizen 
 would be almost willing to go to prison 
 for the sake of living in it. 
 
 The Tremont Temple is one of the 
 finest edifices in the city, and contains 
 the most spacious and convenient hall 
 for large assemblies that Boston afibrds. 
 
 The Boston Museum, on Tremont 
 street, with its brilliant balls of fire, 
 makes an imposing appearance. 
 
 The Massachusetts Horticultural Hall 
 in School street, is beautiful and nent, 
 
BOSTON. 115 
 
 and when filled with fruit, as it is on 
 exhibition days, presents a very inviting 
 aspect. 
 
 The hotels in Boston are unsurpassed 
 by any thing of the kind in the country. 
 At the head of them stands the Revere, 
 situated in Bowdoin square. It was 
 named after one of the most distinguish- 
 ed mechanics of the city. This, and the 
 Tremont House, near the common, are 
 ;iow both kept by the same gentleman. 
 Col. Stevens, who perfectly understands 
 his business, and who is not surpassed in 
 gentlemanly and courteous demeanor, by 
 any landlord. The Brattle, Pearl Street, 
 Albion, "Winthrop, Qumcy, Bromfield, 
 Fountain, and Adams, are all kept well, 
 and the traveler or stranger may find a 
 home in any of them. 
 
 As to the last named, we may say a 
 word, as we have a personal acquaint- 
 ance with both Mr. Chamberlain and Mr. 
 
116 BOSTON. 
 
 Jenks, the very gentlemanly, kind, .ind 
 excellent caterer for the Adams. 
 
 We must speak more particularly of 
 one of the Boston hotels, than of any of 
 the others, because of our personal inter- 
 est in it. In December, 1838, Ave opened 
 the Marlboro' hotel. It Tvas a season 
 that the legislature was about assem- 
 bling, and we were filled immediately ; 
 had from twenty-six to thirty, the first 
 gentlemen in the house and senate. Had 
 constant applications, more than we 
 could meet. I would here mention one 
 incident. The first dinner we placed on 
 the table, all liquor was dispensed with ; 
 some told us we should not have any 
 company ; others thought it might not 
 be expected, as it had been the custom. 
 Their arguments did not avail much. 
 I have often thought it was an experi- 
 ment in those flif?hionable days of drink- 
 ing, to make so bold a push. We could 
 
BOSTON. 117 
 
 not see that it had any effect on the com- 
 pany. 
 
 The owner of the Marlboro' had agreed 
 with us after the expiration of one year, 
 that it was leased to a gentleman, that he 
 would make additions and alterations, 
 and we were to take the house from five 
 to ten years, and gave a bond to that 
 amount. In the summer of 1835, Mr. 
 Townsend died, and our lease expired in 
 the autumn. The Misses T., sisters of 
 the late Alexander Townsend, Esq., are 
 ladies of high respectability, who reside 
 in the antiquated house of their parents, 
 which house is one of the ancient land- 
 marks of the city. Those ladies, through 
 their gentlemanly agent, Mr. Minot, were 
 very desirous that Ave should agree to 
 purchase the Marlboro', when the proper- 
 ty came legally into their hands ; we then 
 hesitated some time. Our beautiful house 
 in Dover, required our attention there, 
 and we gave up the idea of a purchase. 
 
118 BOSTON. 
 
 I called on an eminent deacon in the 
 city, of liigli standing ; asked him if he 
 did not think there were a company of 
 gentlemen in the city that wonld like to 
 make an investment in a religious tempe- 
 rance house, that all temperance and 
 good people of every denomination might 
 find a home in the city of Boston. 
 
 I stated to him the situation of the 
 house, that it was under lease for one 
 year, then it could be purchased for such 
 a price. lie was a grave, sober man, and 
 thought well of it. Said he would look 
 round and see if he could find some gen- 
 tlemen. He soon reported that he had 
 seen some persons that would engage in 
 the enterpi'ise. Before they reported, 
 they called on one of the fifty associates 
 to see if the price I named was high or 
 low. The gentleman he consulted, told 
 him if he did not take it, he would ; by 
 that time he concluded he should set a 
 
BOSTON. 119 
 
 bargain. The reader will please keep in 
 mind the principle the house was to be 
 sold on. Kept as a first class house, as 
 to reputation ; established on religious 
 and temperance principles. On those 
 conditions the estate could be purchased 
 on a reasonable price. The gentlemen 
 spent a number of evenings in the house, 
 making plans and calculations ; they had 
 all the personal assistance they could 
 have, whether they appreciated it or not. 
 They were introduced to the agent. 
 
 After the property came legally into 
 the company's possession, they made as 
 spacious a place as could be on a long 
 standing fabric. "When completed, Mr. 
 Rogers opened the Marlboro' under the 
 contract, not knowing where it originated 
 from. Mr. Rogers was a gentlemanly 
 man, and succeeded a number of years 
 with great applause, and left the city prob- 
 ably for a more lucrative place. 
 
120 BOSTON. 
 
 Mr. Parks, the present proprietor, sus- 
 tains a fine reputation, and has no way 
 declined its temperance principles. The 
 writer has had much solicitude for the 
 welfare of the Marlboro'. 
 
 Boston has ever been famed for the 
 benevolence of her citizens. Her " mer- 
 chant princes " have been not rich only, 
 but liberal to an extreme. To prove our 
 position both of the wealth and com- 
 merce of Boston, we will here quote 
 what a New Yorker says of us : 
 
 " There is one Avard in Boston which 
 is worth more than the whole city of 
 Baltimore. Boston stands next to New 
 York in wealth and commercial import- 
 ance, and to New York only. New York 
 being left out of the question, there is no 
 other city in the Union which can pre- 
 tend for a moment to a commercial 
 equality with IJoston. The arrivals and 
 clearances at the Custom House will tell 
 
BOSTON. 121 
 
 the story. These show that Boston is 
 not so far behmd New York as one 
 would at first miagme. Boston is the 
 centre of nearly all the manufacturing 
 interests of the New England States, 
 which are rapidly approaching those of 
 Old England herself in value and import- 
 ance. The banking capital of Boston is 
 ^50,000,000, that of Philadelphia §10,- 
 000,000. Here is a bit of difference. In 
 wealth and commercial enterprise. New 
 i^ork and Boston will always stand at 
 the head of the cities of this country." 
 
 11 
 
122 BIOGRAPHY, 
 
 CHAPTER XYII. 
 
 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 It lias been remarked by Dr. Johnson, 
 that " no species of writing seems more 
 worthy of cultivation than biography," 
 since none can be more delightful or 
 more useful ; none can more certainly 
 enchain the heart by irresistible interest, 
 or more widely diffuse instruction to 
 every diversity of condition. Our great 
 moralist might have gone further than 
 this in praise of his own favorite theme, 
 and added, that to treasure memorials of 
 the wase, the learned, and the virtuous, 
 is to fulfill an exalted duty to mankind. 
 It is gratifying to reflect how much this 
 branch of useful knowledge has been 
 cultivated, since the commencement of 
 the last century. 
 
BIOGKAPHY. 123 
 
 Matthew Cusliing, of Hingham, the 
 great ancestor of the numerous respecta- 
 ble families of the Cushings in New Eng- 
 land, arrived at Boston, August 10th, 
 1638, with his wife Nazareth Pitcher, 
 and the following children: Daniel, Jere- 
 miah, Matthew, Deborah, and John. He 
 died 30th September, 1660, aged 72. 
 Lincoln's History of Hingham. 
 
 Thirty of his descendants of the name 
 of Gushing, had graduated at Harvard 
 College in 1825, of whom eight were 
 clergymen, and a large proportion of 
 them public characters. Daniel Gushing, 
 eldest son of Matthew Gushing, was born 
 in England; came to New England, 1638. 
 His sons were Jeremiah and Theophilus. 
 Jeremiah was minister of the first church 
 in Scituate ; Theophilus, in Hingham, 
 1635; deceased in March, 1679, at the 
 age of one hundred. From Farmer's 
 Genealoqical Register of the first settlers. 
 
124 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Pedigree of the Gushing Familg. 
 
 Peter Cusliing came from England to 
 Ilingham, Mass. He married Hannah 
 Tliaxter; his brother married Deborah 
 Brunswick. From Peter descended the 
 Rev. Jonathan Gushing. He was the son 
 of Peter, and Hannah Thaxter, of Hing- 
 ham, Mass. He married his cousin Eliz- 
 abeth, daughter of Thomas Gushing, 
 Esq., Boston, Mass. He was born De- 
 cember 20th, 1689, died March 25th, 
 1769. 
 
 Extracts from the New Year's sermon 
 of the Pev. H. "Winslow : 
 
 The ministry of Mr. Jonathan Guslimg 
 extended from 1717 to 1763, a period of 
 fifty-two years. During the last years of 
 his life, Mr. Jeremy Belknap was associa- 
 ted with him, junior and colleague pastor, 
 and records his death as follows : 
 
 March 25th, 1769, the Pev. Jonathan 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 125 
 
 Cushiiig, pastor of tlie first church, de- 
 parted this life in the seventy-ninth year 
 of his age, and fifty-second of his minis- 
 try ; haying sustained the character of a 
 grave and sound preacher, a kind, peace- 
 able, prudent, and judicious pastor, a 
 wise and faithful friend. His funeral 
 was attended on the oOth of March, on 
 vfhich occasion Dr. Langdon, of Ports- 
 mouth, preached the sermon, from He- 
 brews 7 : 23. 
 
 The Rev. Jonathan Cashing was set- 
 tled in Dover, N. H., over the first Con- 
 gregational church, Sept. 10th, 1717. 
 His wife died thirteen years afterward, 
 Dec. 3d, 1730, aged thirty-nine years. 
 They had five children : Peter, Jonathan, 
 Deborah, William, and Elizabeth. 
 
 Peter Cushing, who was the eldest son 
 
 of the Hev. Jonathan Cushing, married 
 
 Mary Buntam; she died July 29th, 1798, 
 
 having survived him eighteen years; aged 
 11* 
 
126 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 eighty-four. They had six cliildren : 
 Thomas, Elizabeth, Hannah, Daniel, 
 Mary, and Peter. All deceased. 
 
 The ancient tomb of the Hev. Jona- 
 than Gushing, was built by his own 
 direction, immediately after the death of 
 his wife, in 1730. The antique monu- 
 ment is in the first cemetery of Dover, 
 N. II., and has been repaired from time 
 to time by his descendants. Dea. Peter 
 Gushing, great-grand-son of the Rev. sire, 
 has a paternal care over it, and with the 
 assistance of other descendants of the 
 Gushing family, it is to be hoped it will 
 long be kept in a state of preservation. 
 
 In 1808, on the day the tomb was 
 opened, we took from the remains of 
 Madam Gushing's head, a beautiful lock 
 of hair, in a perfect state of preservation 
 which had been entombed seventy-eight 
 years. 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 127 
 
 D. Appleton. 
 
 Appleton, (Jesse, D. D.,) the second 
 president of Bowdoin college, was born 
 in New Ipswich, in the state of New 
 Hampshire, November 17th, 1772. Pres- 
 ident Appleton was graduated at Dart- 
 mouth college, in 1794. It was during 
 his residence at that seminary, that he 
 experienced deep religious impressions ; 
 yet of any precise period, when his heart 
 was regenerated by the spirit of God, he 
 was not accustomed to speak. The only 
 safe evidence of piety, he believed, Avas 
 the perception of those qualities, which 
 the gospel requires. Having spent two 
 years in the instruction of youth, at Do- 
 ver, and Amherst, he studied theology 
 under Dr. Lathrop, of West Springfield. 
 In February, 1797, he was ordained as 
 the pastor of a church at Hampton, N. 
 H. His religious sentiments, at this 
 period, were Arminian. Much of his 
 
128 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 time, (luring his ten years' residence in 
 that town, was devoted to systematic, ear- 
 nest study, in consequence of which, his 
 sentiments assumed a new form. By his 
 faithful, affectionate services, he was very 
 much endeared to his people. At his 
 suggestion, the Piscataqua Evangelical 
 Magazine was published, to which he 
 contributed valuable essays, with the 
 signature of Leighton. Such was his 
 public estimation, that, m 1803, he was 
 one of the two principal candidates for 
 the professorship of theology at Harvard 
 College ; but Dr. Ware was elected. In 
 1807, he was chosen president of Bow- 
 doin, into which -office he was inducted 
 December 23d. After the toils of ten 
 years in this station, his health became 
 much impaired, in consequence of a 
 severe cold, in October, 1817. In May, 
 1819, his illness became more alarming, 
 his complaints being a cough, hoarseness, 
 and debility. A journey proved of no 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 129 
 
 essential benefit. A profuse hemorrhage, 
 in October, extinguished all hope of re- 
 covery. As the day of his dissolution ap- 
 proached, he remarked, " Of this I am 
 sure, that salvation is all of grace. I 
 would make no mention of any thing, 
 which I have ever thought, or said, or 
 done; but only of this, that God so 
 loved the world, as to give his only- 
 begotten Son, that whosoever believeth 
 on him should not perish, but have ever- 
 lasting life. The atonement is the only 
 ground of hope." In health, he was 
 sometimes anxious, in a high degree, in 
 regard to the college ; but in sickness, he 
 said, in cheerful confidence, " God has 
 taken care of the college, and God will 
 take care of it." Among his last expres- 
 sions, were heard the words, " Glory to 
 God in the highest; the whole earth 
 shall be filled with his glory." 
 
 He died November 12th, 1819, at the 
 
130 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 age of forty-seven, having been president 
 nearly twelve years. — Encr/. 
 
 Nathaniel Clap, a Congregational min- 
 ister of jSTewport, Hhode Island, was born 
 January, 1668, and was graduated at 
 Harvard College, in 1690. In 1695 he 
 began to preach at Newport, where he 
 preached nearly fifty years. In 17-10, 
 when Mr. Whitefield arrived at New- 
 buryport from Charleston, he called upon 
 Mr. Clap, and he speaks of him as the 
 most venerable man he ever saw. "He 
 looked like a good old puritan, and gave 
 me an idea of what stamp those men 
 were who first settled New England. 
 His countenance w^as very heavenly, and 
 he prayed most affectionately for a bless- 
 ing on my coming to Khode Island. I 
 could not but think that I was sittins: 
 with one of the patriarchs." 
 
 Dean Berkly, who esteemed him high- 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 131 
 
 ly for his good deeds, said, " Before I saw 
 father Clap, I thought the bishop of 
 Rome had the greatest aspect of any man 
 I ever saw ; but really, the minister of 
 Newport has the most venerable appear- 
 ance." Mr. Clap died October 30th, 
 1745, aged seventy-seven. 
 
 Mr. Clap was eminent for sanctity, 
 piety, and an ardent desire to promote 
 true godliness in others. He abounded 
 in acts of charity, being the father and 
 guardian of the poor and necessitous, 
 and giving away all his living. His be- 
 nevolent labors, also extended to the 
 humble and numerous class of slaves, to 
 whom he endeavored with unwearied care 
 to impart the knowledge of the gospel. 
 Thus evincing the reality of his religion, 
 by the purity and benevolence of his life. 
 He was an honor to the cause of the Re- 
 deemer, in which he was engaged. He 
 departed this life in peace, without those 
 
132 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 raptures which some express, but with 
 perfect resignation to the will of God, 
 and with confidence in Jesus Cluist, who 
 Avas the sum of his doctrine, and the end 
 of his conversation. 
 
 George Whiteficld was born at Glou- 
 cester, on the IGth of December, 1714. 
 His father, "saIio was a publican in Glou- 
 cester, died when he was very young, 
 leaving him under the superintendence 
 of a wise and tender mother ; who, con- 
 sidering him to be under her peculiar 
 guardianship, from the tenderness of his 
 age, made him the object of her fondest 
 solicitude. From his youth he was en- 
 dowed with extraordinary talents. Be- 
 tween the age of tAvelve and fifteen, he 
 made great progress in the classics. 
 Owing to the pecuniary difhcultics of liis 
 mother, his education was at this mo- 
 ment arrested, and he Avas deprived of 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 13') 
 
 that instruction which was fitting him 
 for future usefulness. 
 
 At the age of seventeen, he received 
 the sacrament of the Lord's supper, and 
 became a decidedly pious and devout 
 Christian. In the following year he was 
 sent to Pembroke College, Oxford. Mr. 
 Charles "Wesley being at that time a 
 student of Christ Church College. Mr. 
 AVhitefield there became acquamted with 
 him, and under his ministry, he received 
 much benefit. Having arrived at the 
 age of twenty-one, on Sunday morning, 
 the 20th of June, 1736, he was solemnly 
 ordained by the bishop of Gloucester. 
 On the Sunday following, he preached a 
 celebrated sermon on " the necessity and 
 benefit of religious society." This ser- 
 mon made so strong as impress, that it 
 was slanderously reported he had driven 
 fifteen of his hearers mad ! 
 
 The following week he left Oloucester 
 
 12 
 
184 UIOGRAPHY. 
 
 for Oxford, and there took his bachelor's 
 degree. A very short time after, he re- 
 ceived an invitation to visit London, 
 where he continued two months ; having 
 taken up his lodgings in the Tower, read- 
 ing prayers, catechising, and preaching 
 alternately, in the chapel of the Tower, 
 Wapping chapel, and at Ludgate prison, 
 every Tuesday. At this time he felt anx- 
 ious to join Wesley and Ingham, who 
 had gone out as missionaries to a new 
 colony at Georgia. 
 
 He considered this as a call from 
 Providence ; and after having taken leave 
 of his friends in Gloucester and Bristol, 
 in the year 1737, he left the shores of 
 Britian, for the continent of America, 
 attended by the blessings and the prayers 
 of thousands for his safety and useful- 
 ness. After a tedious voyage, he arrived 
 at Savannah, on the 7th of May, 178S; 
 and after having labored four months at 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 135 
 
 Georgia, he was obliged to return to 
 England, to receive priest's orders, and to 
 collect funds to enable him to lay the 
 foundation of an orphan school at 
 Georgia. 
 
 On the 6th of September, 1738, he 
 again embarked on board a vessel bound 
 from Charleston to London, where he 
 arrived, after a perilous and fatiguing 
 voyage. On the 14th of January, he was 
 ordained priest, at Oxford, by bishop 
 Benson; and was afterward exposed to 
 much persecution for preaching the word 
 of life ; and was denied the use of those 
 pulpits in which he had been in the 
 habit of preaching. Mooriields, Ken- 
 sington, and Blackheath, were the places 
 in which he preached to thousands in 
 the open air, with great success, though 
 not without opposition. After having 
 made collections, which amounted to up- 
 wards of a thousand pounds, for the Or- 
 
136 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 phan house of Georgia, he sailed the 
 second time for America, where he ar- 
 rived, after a passage of nine weeks, and 
 was immediately invited to preach in the 
 churches, which were soon filled with 
 immense auditories. When he arrived at 
 Savannah, he chose a spot of ground for 
 the orphan school ; and on the 25tli of 
 March, 1740, laid the first brick, naming 
 it Bethesda, that is, a house of mercy. 
 That institution afterwards become emi- 
 nently useful, and many an orphan's 
 prayer was presented to heaven for its 
 illustrious founder. 
 
 During his fatiguing journeys from 
 town to town, he was much exhausted, 
 and sometimes nearly overcome with 
 anxiety ; but the success which attended 
 his exertions at Georgia, gave him great 
 pleasure, and inspired him with zeal and 
 hope. Again, however, he sailed for 
 England, and arrived on the 14th of 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 137 
 
 March, at Falmouth. Immediately on 
 his arrival in his native country, he 
 traveled to London, and preached the 
 following Sunday on Kensington com- 
 mon, to a large and impressed congrega- 
 tion. Having been earnestly solicited to 
 visit Scotland, he voyaged from London 
 to Leith, where he arrived July 30th 
 17-41, and was most cordially received at 
 Dunfermline and Edinburg. 
 
 After preaching in many places, and 
 collecting five hundred pounds, he left 
 Scotland to go through Wales, in his 
 way to London. At Abergavenny, in 
 Wales, he married Mrs. James, a widow, 
 between thirty and forty years of age, to 
 whom he w^as much attached. On his 
 arrival in London, and resuming "his 
 labor of love," he found the weather 
 would not permit him to preach in the 
 open air in Moorfields. Some dissenters 
 therefore procured the loan of a piece of 
 
 12* 
 
138 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 ground, and built thereon a large tempo- 
 rary shed, which he called a tabernacle ; 
 and his congregation became exceedingly 
 large. 
 
 In the beginning of August, 1744, Mr. 
 AVhitefield though in an infirm state of 
 health, embarked again for America, and 
 after a tedious passage, arrived at New 
 York. At that place he was taken ex- 
 ceedingly ill, and his death was appre- 
 hended ; but through the providence of 
 God, he gradually recovered, and re- 
 sumed his arduous and important duties. 
 After his illness, he was very much in- 
 convenienced with pains in his side ; and 
 for whicli and the general recovery of his 
 health, he was ad\dscd to go to the Ber- 
 mudas. Such advice he adopted, and 
 there he landed on the 15th of March, 
 1748. At the Bermudas he met with the 
 kindest reception, and traversed the 
 island from one end to the other, preach- 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 139 
 
 ing twice every clay, and by that means 
 was eminently and extensively useful. 
 His congregations were very large ; and 
 seeing so many persons ignorant of 
 Christianity, he was frequently much 
 affected. He there collected upwards of 
 one hundred pounds for his orphan's 
 school. That sum he transmitted to 
 Georgia ; and as he feared a relapse in 
 his disorder, if he returned to America, 
 he took his passage in a brig, and arrived 
 in safety at Deal, and the next evening- 
 set off for London, after an absence of 
 four years. On the return of Mr. White- 
 field, he found his congregation at the 
 tabernacle very much scattered, and his 
 own pecuniary circumstances declining ; 
 having sold all his household furniture 
 to pay the orphan house debt. His con- 
 gregation now, however, began to contri- 
 bute, and his debt was slowly liquida- 
 ting. At this time. Lady Huntington 
 
140 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 sent for him to preach at her house, o 
 several of the nobility who desired to 
 hear him ; among whom was the Earl of 
 Chesterfield, who expressed himself high- 
 ly gratified ; and lord Bolingbroke told 
 him he had done great justice to the 
 divine attributes in his discourse. 
 
 In September, he visited Scotland a 
 third time, and was joyfully received. 
 His thoughts were now wholly engaged 
 in a plan for making his orphan house, 
 which was at first only intended for the 
 fatherless, a seminary of literature and 
 academical learning. In February, 1749, 
 he made an excursion to Exeter and 
 Plymouth, where he was received with 
 enthusiasm ; and in the same year he 
 returned to London, having traveled 
 about six hundred miles in the west of 
 England ; and in May he went to Ports- 
 mouth and Portsea, at which places he 
 was eminently useful; many of that time, 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 141 
 
 by the instrumentality of his preacliing, 
 being turned "from darkness to light, 
 and from the power of Satan unto God." 
 In the month of September he went to 
 Northampton and Yorkshire, where he 
 preached to congregations of ten thou- 
 sand people, who were peaceable and 
 attentive ; and only in one or two places 
 was he treated with kindness. In 1751, 
 Mr. AVhitefield visited Ireland, and was 
 gladly received in Dublin. He expressed 
 himself much pleased with the size and 
 the attention of the congregations assem- 
 bled to hear him ; and his labors were as 
 usual very useful. From Ireland he pro- 
 ceeded to Scotland, where he also met 
 with great encouragement to proceed 
 with his indefatigable work. On the 
 6th of August, he set out from Edinburg 
 for London, in order to embark for 
 America. Having taken leave of his 
 friends at home, he again set sail in the 
 
142 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Antelope, for Georgia ; and on the 27tli 
 of October, arrived at Savannah, and 
 found the orphan school in a flourishing 
 condition. Havmg suffered formerly 
 from the climate, he determined not to 
 spend the summer in America, but re- 
 embarked for London, where he arrived 
 in safety, after a tolerable voyage. His 
 active mind, ever forming some new plan 
 for the extension of the Redeemer's king- 
 dom, now turned towards the tabernacle. 
 He formed a plan for the erection of a 
 new one ; and in the course of the follow- 
 ing summer, it was comxDleted. The 
 foundation was laid March 1st, 1753, 
 and was opened on Sunday, June 10th, 
 1754. After preaching in it a few days, 
 he again left England for Scotland, em- 
 bracing every opportunity of preaching 
 on his road, till he arrived at Edinburg ; 
 and after traveling twelve hundred miles, 
 he returned home on the 25th of Novem- 
 
BIOGRArHY. 143 
 
 ber, and opened the tabernacle at Bristol, 
 after which he returned to London, and 
 in September, 1756, opened his new 
 chapel in Tottenham Court road. His 
 labors were immense ; he preached fifteen 
 times a week. Hundreds of people went 
 away from the chapel who were not able 
 to gain admittance. By his unremitting 
 attention to his congregation at the two 
 chapels in London, his strength was 
 much reduced, and he became debilitated 
 and weak. 
 
 In the latter end of the year, finding 
 his health improved, he however deter- 
 mined on again visiting America. Acord- 
 ingly, in the latter end of November, he 
 left England and arrived at Boston, in 
 safety, the beginning of January ; and on 
 writing to his friends in England, ex- 
 pressed himself much gratified with the 
 evident improvement in the orphan's 
 house. After spending the winter pleas- 
 
144 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 autly and usefully in America, he once 
 more embarked for his native shores; 
 and after a passage of twenty-eight days, 
 landed in England ; and on the 6th of 
 October, 1765, opened the Countess of 
 Huntingdon's chapel, at Bath. Shortly 
 after his arrival in London, ]Mrs. White- 
 field was seized with an inflammatory 
 fever, and became its victim on the 9th 
 of August. On the 14tli, he delivered 
 her funeral sermon, which was distin- 
 guished for its pathos, yet manly and 
 pious eloquence. 
 
 He now prepared for the seventh and 
 last voyage to America. He embarked 
 at the beginning of September, and on 
 the 30th of November, arrived in safety, 
 after a perilous and trying passage. But 
 his sphere of activity was now drawing 
 rapidly at a close ; his career of useful- 
 ness was soon to be concluded ; the sand 
 in his hour-glass was fast running 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 145 
 
 through ; and this venerable and distin- 
 guished man was soon destined to enjoy 
 the felicities of heaven. His complaint 
 which "was the asthma, made rapid 
 strides upon his constitution, and though 
 it had several times threatened dissolu- 
 tion, it was at last sudden and unexpect- 
 ed. From the 17th to the 20th of Sep- 
 tember this faithful laborer in the vine- 
 yard of Christ, preached daily at Boston ; 
 and though much indisposed, proceeded 
 from thence on the 21st, and continued 
 his Work till the 29th, when he delivered 
 a discourse at Exeter, N". H., in the open 
 air for two hours, notwithstanding which 
 he set off for Newburyport, where he 
 arrived that evening, intending to preach 
 the next morning. His rest was much 
 disturbed, and he complained of a great 
 oppression of his lungs ; and at five 
 o'clock on Sabbath mornmg, the 30th of 
 September, 1770, at the age of only fifty- 
 
146 TUOCillAPHY. 
 
 six he entered into that rest prepared for 
 the people of God. According to his 
 own desire, Mr. Whitefield was interred 
 at Newburyport. On the 2d of October, 
 at one o'clock, all the bells in the town 
 were tolled one hour, and all the vessels 
 in the harbor gave their proper signals 
 of mourning. x\t two o'clock the bells 
 tolled a second time, and at three they 
 repeated their mournful tolling during 
 the time of the funeral. 
 
 Mr. Whitefield was not a learned man, 
 like his contemporary, Wesley ; but he 
 possessed an unusual share of good sense, 
 general information, knowledge of the 
 Holy Scriptures, and an accurate ac- 
 quaintance with the human heart. Few 
 ministers have been equally useful since 
 the days of the apostles. The sermons 
 of Mr. Whitefield were impassioned, and 
 were generally adapted to the hearts of 
 his congregations. He was benevolent 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 147 
 
 and kind, forgiving and gentle ; but he 
 was zealous and firm, and seldom allowed 
 his feelings to overcome his judgment. He 
 was eminently useful in liaving excited a 
 greater degree of attention to religion ; 
 and millions have doubtless blessed his 
 name, and tens of thousands revere his 
 memory. 
 
 Parker, (Samuel, D. D.,) bishop of the 
 Protestant Episcopal church in New 
 England, was born at Portsmouth, N. 
 H., 1745, and was graduated at Harvard 
 College in 1764. He was afterward nine 
 years an instructor of youth in Newbury- 
 port, and other towns. In 1773, he was 
 ordained by the bishop of London ; and 
 in 1775, was established as assistant min- 
 ister at Trinity church, Boston, of which 
 he became the rector, in 1779. During 
 the revolutionary war, the other Episco- 
 pal clergymem quit the country, but he 
 
148 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 remained at his post, and his church was 
 saved from dispersion. After the death 
 of bishop Bass, he was elected his suc- 
 cessor, and was at the head of the Epis- 
 copal church but a few months. He 
 died suddenly at Boston, December 6th, 
 1804, aged fifty-nine. Distinguished for 
 his benevolence, he was in a peculiar 
 manner a friend to the poor, who in his 
 death mourned the loss of a father. 
 
 Phebe, a Christian female of the port 
 of Corinth, called Cenchrea ; Romans, 
 16: 1, 2. It is thought that in quality 
 of deaconess she was employed by the 
 church in some ministration suitable to 
 her sex and condition ; as to visit and 
 instruct the Cluistian women, and attend 
 them in their necessities. — Watson. 
 
 Margaret, (queen of Scotland,) a wo- 
 man of the rarest piety, and of a charac- 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 149 
 
 ter fitted to throw a luster on the present 
 age. She was granddaughter to Solo- 
 mon, king of Hungary. With her broth- 
 er, Edgar Athiling, she was wrecked on 
 the coast of Scotland ; and was there in 
 1066, married to Malcolm, who had just 
 recovered the throne of Scotland from the 
 usurper, Macbeth. Through her influ- 
 ence the ferocious spirit of her husband 
 received a happy tincture of humanity ; 
 and through his high opinion of her wis- 
 dom, she was enabled greatly to reform 
 the kingdom, to diminish taxes, purify 
 the courts of justice, repress the inso- 
 lence of the soldiery, revive the spirit of 
 piety, and introduce a more serious re- 
 gard to the duties of the Sabbath. She 
 made laws to enforce temperance ; the 
 poor and unfortunate shared her kindest 
 regard; her children she carefully and 
 successfully educated on Christian princi- 
 ples. Theoderic, a monk of Durham, 
 
 13* 
 
150 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 who wrote her life, says, " She would 
 discourse mth me concerning the sweet- 
 ness of everlasting life, in such a manner 
 as to draw tears from my eyes." 
 
 In 1093, while suffering from sickness, 
 she heard of the death of her husband, 
 who was slain at Alnwick, in Northum- 
 berland, in the reign of William Eufus. 
 She received the bitter news as a Christ- 
 ian. " I thank thee, O Lord," she said, 
 "that in sending me so great an afflic- 
 tion, thou wouldst purify me from my 
 sins. Thou, who by thy death hast 
 given life to the world, deliver me from 
 evil." This excellent queen survived but 
 a few days. — Betham. 
 
 Margaret, of France, duchess of Beri 
 and Savoy, daughter of Francis L, was 
 born in 1523, and received a superior 
 education. She was patroness of the 
 sciences and learned men ; and after the 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 151 
 
 death of her father, gamed a high repu- 
 tation by her beauty, jpiety, learning, and 
 amiable qualities. She married Philibert, 
 duke of Savoy, in 1559, and died 1574, 
 aged fifty-one. The most illustrious of 
 the literati contended who should praise 
 her best, and her subjects called her the 
 Mother of her people. — Betham. 
 
 Eussel, (Lady Russel,} was the second 
 daughter of the Earl of Southampton, and 
 widow of lord Vaughan. In 1667, she 
 was united to lord William Eussel, and 
 for sixteen years they enjoyed uninter- 
 rupted felicity. On his trial, she assisted 
 him nobly. Lord Eussel, on being asked 
 if he wished for a person to take notes 
 for him, replied, " My wife is here to do 
 it." While making every human exer- 
 tion to obtain a mitigation of the sen- 
 tence, while every plan was being tried, 
 while nobly offering to accompany into 
 
152 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 perpetual exile, liis heroic and lovely 
 wife never for one moment requested 
 him to swerve from the strictest honor 
 and mtegrity. Lord Eussel said, "There 
 was a signal providence of God in giving 
 such a wife, where there was birth, for- 
 tune, great understanding, great religion, 
 and a great kmdness to him." She part- 
 ed from him at last without sheddmg a 
 tear, and retired in silent but expressive 
 anguish, to her wretched and dreary 
 home. Though after the execution of 
 lord Russel, his lady was deeply affected, 
 yet her mind never sunk. She survived 
 him forty years, but constantly refused to 
 enter again into the marriage state. She 
 died at the age of eighty-seven. In 1723 
 Lady Russel was a woman of deep, 
 ardent, and unaffected x^iety, and ex- 
 cellent understanding. Her letters have 
 been often reprinted. (See Life of Lady 
 Kussel.) 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 153 
 
 Monica, the mother of the celebrated 
 Augustine, lived towards the latter end 
 of the fourth century. She was brought 
 up when young in a Christian family, 
 and being afterwards married to Patri- 
 cius, a pagan of Tagasta, in Numedia, en- 
 deavored by her amiable manners, to win 
 him to her faith. She bore patiently 
 with his passionate temper ; when he 
 was angry, she was silent ; but when he 
 became cool, she would mildly expostu- 
 late with him. This course sanctioned 
 by the word of God, (1 Peter, 3: 1 — 4,) 
 she also recommended to others, and 
 they followed it with success. Her 
 mother-in-law, who had been strangely 
 prejudiced against Christianity, was en- 
 tirely won over by her kind, faithful, and 
 conciliating spirit. Her husband also 
 permitted her to bring up her son in her 
 own faith ; and at last embraced it him- 
 self. After his death, Augustine, who 
 
154 BIOGEAPHY. 
 
 was her only son, became the object of 
 her chief solicitude, and for nine years 
 she prayed and wept for him. A Christ- 
 ian bishop, whom she had importuned to 
 reason with him, on one occasion, said to 
 her, " Be gone, good woman ; it is not 
 possible that a child of such tears should 
 perish." 
 
 At Rome, whither she had followed 
 her son, and where she had the unspeak- 
 able happiness to witness his conversion 
 to God, she died, in the fifty-sixth year of 
 her age. In her last sickness, some one 
 lamented that she was likely to die in a 
 foreign land ; to which this amiable wo- 
 man replied, " Nothing is far from God ; 
 and I do not fear that he should not 
 know where to find me at the resurrec- 
 tion." — Mihiefs Church History. Beth- 
 am's Celebrated Women. 
 
 Moody, (Josei)h,) a Congregational 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 155 
 
 miiiister of York, Maine, was born in 
 1701, and died in 1753. He had many 
 eccentricities in his conduct ; but he was 
 eminent in his piety, and was a remark- 
 ably useful minister of the gospel. In 
 his younger years he often preached be- 
 yond the limits of his own parish, and 
 wherever he went the people hung upon 
 his lips. In one of his excursions he 
 went as far as Providence, where his ex- 
 ertions were the means of laying the 
 foundation of a church. Though a zeal- 
 ous friend to the revival of religion, 
 which occurred throughout the country 
 a short time before his death, yet he 
 gave no countenance to separations. 
 Such was the sanctity of his character, 
 that it impressed the irreligious with 
 awe. To iDiety he united uncommon be- 
 nevolence. While with importunate 
 earnestness he pleaded the cause of the 
 poor, he was very charitable himself It 
 
156 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 was by his own choice that he desired his 
 support from a free contribution, rather 
 than a fixed salary in the usual way. In 
 one of his sermons he mentions that he 
 had been supported twenty years in a 
 way most pleasing to him, and had been 
 under no necessity of spending one hour 
 in a week in care for the world. 
 
 Petition, according to Dr. Watts, is 
 the fourth part of prayer, and includes a 
 desire of deliverance from evil, and a 
 request of good things to be bestowed. 
 On both these accounts petitions are to be 
 offered up to God, not only for ourselves, 
 but our fellow creatures also. This part 
 of prayer is frequently called intercession. 
 (See Prayer.) — Hend, Buck. " Prayer is 
 a spiritual exercise, and can only be per- 
 formed acceptably by the assistance of 
 the Holy Spirit." All acceptable prayer 
 must be ofiercd in fiith, or a believing 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 157 
 
 frame of mind. Prayer is to be offered 
 for things agreeable to the will of God. 
 
 Perkins, (William,) an eminent divine 
 of tlie churcli of England, was born at 
 Maton, in Warwickshire, England, 1558. 
 He was educated in Christ college, Cam- 
 bridge. In his early life he geCve proofs 
 of great genius and philosophic research ; 
 but in his habits was exceedingly wild 
 and profligate. After his conversion, he 
 w^as distinguished for his tender sympa- 
 thy, and skill in opening the human 
 heart ; so that he became the instrument 
 of salvation to many. 
 
 At the age of twenty-four, he was 
 chosen fellow of Christ college, and 
 entered into holy orders. He was soon 
 after chosen rector of St. Andrew's 
 parish, in Cambridge, where in all his 
 efforts he displayed a mind admirably 
 adapted to his station. While his dis- 
 
 14 
 
158 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 courses were suited to the capacity of the 
 common people, the pious scholar could 
 not but admire them. They were said to 
 be " all law, and all gospel ;" so well did 
 he unite the character of a Boanerges and 
 a Barnabas. He was an able casuist ; 
 and was resorted to by afflicted conscien- 
 ces far and near. So far was he from 
 considering his field of effort circum- 
 scribed, he improved every opportunity 
 to do good. On one occasion, perceiving 
 who was about to ascend the ladder to be 
 executed, exceedingly distressed, he en- 
 deavored to console him ; but to no effect. 
 He then said, " Man, what is the matter 
 with thee? art thou afraid of death?" 
 " Ah, no," said the malefactor, " but of a 
 worse thing." " Then come down," said 
 Mr. Perkins, " and thou shalt see what 
 the grace of God can do to strengthen 
 thee." Mr. Perkins took hmi by the 
 hand, and, kneeling down with him at 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 159 
 
 tlie foot of the ladder, so fervently ac- 
 knowledged sin, its aggravations, and its 
 desert, that the poor culprit burst into 
 tears of contrition. He then proceeded 
 to set forth the Lord Jesus Christ, as the 
 Saviour of every believing penitent ; 
 which he was enabled to do with so much 
 success, that the poor creature continued 
 indeed to shed tears ; but they were now 
 tears of love, gratitude, and joy, flowing 
 from a persuasion that his sins were can- 
 celed by the Saviour's blood. He after- 
 wards ascended the ladder with com- 
 posure, while the spectators lifted up 
 their hands and praised God for such a 
 glorious display of his sovereign grace. 
 
 Mr. Perkins died in 1602, in the forty- 
 fourth year of his age. During his last 
 sickness, which was very severe, he was 
 remarkably patient. Having heard a 
 friend pray for the mitigation of his 
 pains, he cried out, " Hold ! hold ! do 
 
160 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 not pray so ; but ]3ray the Lord to give 
 me faith and patience, and then lay on 
 me just what he pleases." 
 
 His works, which were numerous, 
 
 ^were published in two volumes folio. 
 
 Many of them were translated into a 
 
 variety of foreign languages. — Micldleton. 
 
 Penn, (William,) the founder and legis- 
 lator of Pennsylvania, whom Montes- 
 quieu denommated the modern Lycurgus, 
 was the son of admiral Penn : was born 
 in 1644, in London ; and was educated 
 at Christ church, Oxford. As something 
 remarkable is usually said of all great 
 men in the early part of their lives, so it 
 was said of William Penn ; that, while 
 here and alone in his chamber, Jaeing 
 then eleven years old, he was suddenly 
 surprised with an inward comfort, and, 
 as he thought, an external glory, in the 
 room, which gave rise to religious emo- 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 161 
 
 tioiis, during which he had the strongest 
 conviction of the being of a God, and 
 that the soul of man was capable of en- 
 joying communication with him. He 
 believed, also, that the seal of divinity 
 had been upon him at this moment, or 
 that he had been awakened or called 
 upon to a holy life. But whatever was 
 the external occasion, or whether any or 
 more, or whatever were the particulars 
 which he is said to have imbibed at this 
 period, certain it is that while he was at 
 Chigwell school, his mind was serious- 
 ly impressed on the subject of re- 
 ligion. 
 
 At college he imbibed the principles of 
 Quakerism, Avhich a few years afterwards 
 he publicly professed. Being acciden- 
 tally on business at Cork, he heard that 
 Thomas Loe, (a layman of Oxford,) and 
 the person who first confirmed his early 
 religious impressions, was to preach at a 
 
 14* 
 
162 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 meeting of the Quakers in that city. 
 Accordingly he attended. 
 
 The preacher at length rose, and thus 
 began : " There is a faith which over- 
 comes the world, and there is a faith 
 which is overcome by the world." On 
 this subject he enlarged in so impressive 
 a manner, that William was quite over- 
 come. Penn now became openly a Qua- 
 ker ; he was, in consequence, twice 
 turned out of doors by his father. In 
 1668, he began to preach in public, and 
 write in defence of the doctrine which he 
 had embraced. For this he was thrice 
 imprisoned, and once brought to trial. 
 It was during his first imprisonment that 
 he wrote " No cross, no crown." In 
 1677, he visited Holland and Germany, 
 to propagate his principles. He preached 
 much on the continent ; was well re- 
 ceived ; made many converts to his sys- 
 tem; and at Frankfort, wrote his letters 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 163 
 
 to the churches of Jesus, throughout the 
 world, and at Rotterdam, "A call of 
 summons, to Christendom." 
 
 In March, 1680-81, he obtained from 
 Charles Second, a grant of that territory 
 which now bears the name of Pennsylva- 
 nia, in lieu of the debt due by the gov- 
 ernment to his father ; and which he was 
 induced to do, from a desire to spread 
 the principles and doctrines of the Qua- 
 kers ; and to raise a virtuous empire in 
 the new land, which should diffuse its 
 example far and wide to the remotest 
 ages. 
 
 In 1682, he embarked for his new 
 colony, and in the following year he 
 founded Philadelphia. In 1684, having 
 received accounts of fresh persecutions in 
 England, he determined on repairing 
 thither to use his influence with the 
 court to stop them. In the meantime he 
 settled the system of discipline for his 
 
164 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 own religious societies at Pennsylvania. 
 He visited America for the last time in 
 1699, and returned in 1701. The rest of 
 his life was passed in tranquillity. He 
 died July 30th, 1718. His works have 
 been collected in two folio volumes. — 
 Memoirs, hij ClarA'son. 
 
 Carter, (Mrs. Elizabeth,) a lady of pro- 
 found learning and sincere piety, was the 
 eldest daughter of the Rev. Dr. Nicolas 
 Carter, a clergyman in Kent, and born at 
 Deal, December 16 th, 1717. In early 
 life her faculties appeared dull, and her 
 progress in knowledge very slow ; but 
 she afterwards became mistress of Latin, 
 Greek, French, German, Italian, Spanish, 
 Portuguese, Hebrew, and attained a par- 
 tial knowledge of Arabic. At the age of 
 seventeen her poetical attempts appeared 
 in the Gentleman's Magazine, and they 
 were so eminently excellent, that the 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 165 
 
 learned flocked around lier with admira- 
 tion ; and at the age of twenty, the pro- 
 prietor of that magazine published some 
 of her poems in a quarto pamphlet. 
 
 In 1741, she formed an intimacy with 
 Miss Catharine Talbot, niece of the lord 
 chancellor Talbot, Avho distinguished for 
 her piety and genius, greatly improved 
 Mrs. Carter. To the celebrated Seeker 
 she also introduced her; and owing to 
 that acquaintance may probably be traced 
 her distinguished and justly estimated 
 "Translation of Epictetus." In 1754, 
 Mrs. Carter renewed a long existing inti- 
 macy with Mrs. Montague, and at her 
 house frequently met with persons of 
 elevated rank, unrivaled talents, and 
 genuine piety. In 1756, Sir George 
 Lyttleton visited her at Deal, and from 
 that time an acquaintance commenced, 
 which only terminated with life. She 
 also became intimate "with William Pul- 
 
166 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 teney, eaii of Bath, who was delighted 
 by her society, and regarded her intel- 
 lectual powers and attainments with ad- 
 miration. 
 
 In 1763, she accompanied lord Bath, 
 Dr. Douglas, and others to Spa, and 
 made a short tour to Germany and Hol- 
 land. In 1768, she was greatly dis- 
 tressed by the loss of her friend and pat- 
 ron, the excellent Seeker; and in 1774 
 by that of her aged, but beloved father. 
 Mrs. Carter was visited by the royal fam- 
 ily, caressed by the great, and beloved by 
 the good. Her learning was great, but 
 her piety was more distinguished. As an 
 authoress, she commands respect ; but as 
 a Christian, veneration and love. To the 
 service of God she devoted her youth, 
 her maturer years, and her old age. Her 
 conscience was very scrupulous ; her mor- 
 ality properly rigid, and her life unblem- 
 ished. Her studies were various, but she 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 167 
 
 never forgot her Bible. With that book 
 she was intimately acquainted, and spent 
 much time in daily devotions. A life 
 spent in the service of God could not but 
 end in peace and happiness ; and those 
 who wish to find an antidote to the cold, 
 formal, and speculative professors of the 
 present day, would do well to read the 
 life, and study the character of the cele- 
 brated Mrs. Carter. She lived for many 
 years, blessing her friends by her mter- 
 course and her prayers ; blessmg society 
 by her example, and blessing posterity 
 by her writings. She expired on the 
 19th of February, 1806, in the eighty- 
 eighth year of her age, and was interred 
 in the burial-ground of Grosvenor chapel. 
 
 Harris, (Samuel,) a Baptist minister, 
 called the apostle of Virginia, was born 
 of respectable parentage, in Hanover 
 county, January 12th, 1724. He was 
 
168 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 baptized about 1758. He soon began to 
 preach diligently, but was not ordained 
 until 1769. In his power over the affec- 
 tions of his hearers, he was thought to 
 be equal to Whitefield. The Virginians 
 say he seemed to pour forth streams of 
 lightning from his eyes. His worldly 
 offices he resigned, as he ascribed to 
 them the diminution of his religious en- 
 joyments. In 1774, the general associa- 
 tion of Separate Baptists, thinking to re- 
 establish the primitive order, as men- 
 tioned Eph. 4: 11, chose Mr. Harris, 
 apostle, and ordained him by the hands 
 of every minister in that body. — Benedict. 
 
 Sherman, (Roger,) a signer of the dec- 
 laration of American independence, was 
 born at Newton, Mass, in 1721 ; and, 
 with only a common school education 
 rose to distinction as a lawyer and states- 
 man. His early life was passed in the 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 169 
 
 occupation of a shoe maker. Removing 
 to Connecticut in 1743, he was admitted 
 to the bar in 1754, and soon became dis- 
 tinguished as a counselor. In 1761, he 
 removed to New Haven ; four years after 
 was appointed a judge of the county 
 court; and in 1776, advanced to the 
 bench of the superior court. He was a 
 delegate to the celebrated Congress of 
 1774, and was a member of that body for 
 the space of nineteen years. He was a 
 member of the convention that formed 
 the constitution of the United States. 
 He died in 1793. His talents were solid 
 and useful; his judgment unfailing. Mr. 
 Mason said of him, " Roger Sherman had 
 more common sense than any man I ever 
 knew." Mr. Jefferson characterised him 
 as " a man who never said a foolish thing 
 in his life." He was for many years a 
 deacon of the church. Having made a 
 public profession of religion at the age of 
 
 15 
 
170 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 twenty-one, he was never ashamed to ad- 
 vocate the peculiar doctrines of the gos- 
 pel, which are often so unwelcome to 
 men of worldly eminence. His senti- 
 ments were derived from the word of 
 God. In the relations of private life, he 
 secured esteem and affection. — Goodrich. 
 
 Sumerfield, (John) an interesting 
 young minister, was born in Lancashire, 
 England, January 31st, 1798. After 
 early dissipation he become pious, and 
 preached in the Methodist connection in 
 Ireland. He came to New . York in 
 1821, with almost the popularity of 
 Whitefield. His ill-health induced him 
 in 1823, to visit France as a delegate 
 from the American Bible Society. He 
 died at New York, June 13th, 1825, 
 aged twenty-seven. Few ministers have 
 exhibited such meekness, humility, disin- 
 
BIOGRAPHY. l'3'l 
 
 terestedness, and benevolence in life; few 
 liave been so eloquent in the pulpit. 
 
 Belsbam, (Thomas) an eminent advo- 
 cate of Unitarianism, was born April 
 15tb, 1750. At the age of sixteen he 
 was admitted into the academy at Daven- 
 try, then under the care of Dr. Ash- 
 worth, 1766. At this time it appears he 
 had many doubts of his personal piety. 
 " I much fear," he says, " that Christ is 
 not formed in my soul. I have had some 
 pretty deep conviction this month; but I 
 fear I have too often resisted the Holy 
 Spirit. I am ready to fear that God has 
 not elected me, and that I am irrevoca- 
 bly doomed to hopeless misery." 
 
 In 1767, he solemnly dedicated him- 
 self to God, in the manner recommended 
 by Dr. Doddridge in his " Kise and Pro- 
 o-ress." From his doubts and fears, how- 
 
 to 
 
 ever, he seems never to have been re- 
 
172 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 lieved, until he adopted the system of 
 philosophical necessities, and -final res- 
 toration. In 1778, he was settled as 
 pastor of a dissenting congregation at 
 Worcester, from which however he re- 
 moved, in 1781, to take charge of the 
 Daventry academy. Here his sentiments 
 underwent a change, so far that in 1789, 
 he avowed himself a Unitarian, of the 
 school of Priestly. He resigned his sta- 
 tion, and immediately took charge of 
 Hackney college, a Unitarian institution; 
 where he continued to discharge the 
 office of a tutor until 1805, when he 
 became minister of Essex street chapel, 
 London, as successor to Dr. Disney, and 
 Mr. Lindsey. He seems to have enjoyed 
 little happiness at either of his success- 
 ive situations ; his conscientiousness was 
 painfully great ; and his religious system 
 excluded him from the peace and conso- 
 lation derived from the atonement of 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 173 
 
 Christ, and the influence of his spirit. 
 He published various works which gave 
 him great reputation among his friends ; 
 though others regard him as a servile 
 thinker, a cold reasoner, and a bold con- 
 troversialist. After Dr. Priestly, he was 
 regarded as the leader of Unitarianism in 
 England. His "Calm Inquiry," "Evi- 
 dence of Christianity," " Review of Wil- 
 berforce," and "Memoirs of Lindsey," 
 including a "History of American Unita- 
 rianism," are best known. He died in 
 1830. — Memoirs of Mr. Belsham. 
 
 Burnet, (Elizabeth) eldest daughter of 
 Sir Richard Blake, was born in 1661, 
 and died 1708. At eleven years of age 
 she began to have a true sense of relig- 
 ion, and read with great application the 
 books which were put in her hands ; but 
 was not quite satisfied, aspiring after 
 more sublime notions than what she 
 
 15* 
 
174 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 found in them. On this account more 
 than ordinary care was taken in her edu- 
 cation, to make her think less highly of 
 herself At seventeen, she was married 
 to Robert Berkly, Esq., of Worcester. 
 With him she visited the continent, and 
 resided some time at Hague ; but re- 
 turned to England about the time of the 
 revolution, in 1688. 
 
 Her knowledge and virtues attracted 
 many acquaintances. Dr. Stillingfleet 
 was her intimate friend, and used to say 
 that he knew not a more considerable 
 woman in England. Her husband dying 
 in 1693, she applied herself wholly to 
 devotion, readmg, acts of charity, and 
 offices of friendship, especially to her late 
 husband's Protestant relations. She also 
 took an active part in founding a hospi- 
 tal, for which Mr. Berkly had left a valu- 
 able bequest. She also established many 
 schools for the instruction of poor chil- 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 175 
 
 dren ; and employed her pen in useful 
 compositions. In 1700, she was married 
 to the celebrated bishop Burnet, and was 
 a mother indeed to his family of children; 
 of which her husband was so sensible, 
 that by his will, then made, he left them 
 entirely under lier care and authority. 
 Such was her benevolence, that she was 
 uneasy at using even a fifth part of her 
 income for herself. Her death, like her 
 life, was that of a calm happy Christian. 
 — Betham. 
 
 Blackstone, (Sir William) an eminent 
 and religious lawyer, was the third son of 
 a silk mercer, and was born in London, 
 in 1723. After having been for several 
 years at the Charter house, he completed 
 his education at Pembroke college, Ox- 
 ford, and at both seminaries displaj'ed 
 superior talents. Having chosen the pro- 
 fession of the law, and entered the mid- 
 
17G BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 die temple in 1741, he wrote his elegant 
 valedictory poem, the " Lawyer's Fare- 
 well to his Muse." He remained in com- 
 parative obscurity tUl 1753, when he 
 began to deliver, at Oxford, his lectures 
 on the English laws; which in 1765, 
 and the four following years, he pub- 
 lished, with the title of " Commentaries 
 on the Laws of England." In conse- 
 quence of these lectures, he was elected 
 Vincrian professor of law, in the univer- 
 sity, and obtained a great accession of 
 business. In 1766, he sat in parliament 
 as member for Hindon, and was made 
 king's counsel, and solicitor general to 
 the queen. In 1770, he was offered the 
 place of solicitor general, but declined it, 
 and was made judge of the king's bench; 
 whence he was soon after transferred to 
 the common pleas. He died in 1780. 
 Blackstone was the first who wrote on 
 the dry and repulsive subject of English 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 177 
 
 lav/, in such a manner as not to excite 
 disgust in a reader of taste. Like almost 
 all lawyers, lie leans to the side of prerog- 
 ative; nor is there much more of enlarge- 
 ment in his principles of religious liberty. 
 For this reason he was exposed to attack 
 from Priestly, Junius, and Bentham. — 
 Daveiiport. 
 
 Davidson, (Lucretia Maria) a remark- 
 able instance of precocious genius and 
 piety, was born at Plattsburg, on Lake 
 Champlain, September 27th, 1808, being 
 the second daughter of Dr. Oliver David- 
 son, and Margaret his wife. Her parents 
 being in straitened circumstances, much 
 of her time was devoted to the cares of 
 home. Yet she read much, and wrote 
 poetry at a very early age. She had a 
 burning thirst for knowledge. In Octo- 
 ber, 182-1, a gentleman on a visit to 
 Plattsburg, saw some of her verses, and 
 
178 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 was made acquainted with her character, 
 and circumstances. He determined to 
 give her the best education. On know- 
 ing his purpose, her joy was almost 
 greater than she could bear. She was 
 placed in Mrs. Willard's school, at Troy; 
 but her incessant application was peril- 
 ous to her health. After returning home 
 and recovering from illness, she was sent 
 to Miss Gilbert's, at Albany; but soon 
 she was again very ill. On her return, 
 the hectic flush of .her cheek mdicated 
 her approaching fate. The last name she 
 pronounced, was that of her patron. She 
 died August 2Tth, 1825, aged nearly 
 seventeen. Her person was singularly 
 beautiful. She had a high open fore- 
 head, a soft black eye, perfect symmetry 
 of features, a fair complexion, and luxu- 
 riant dark hau\ The prevailing expres- 
 sion of her face was melancholy. 
 
 In her fifteenth year she wrote the fol- 
 lowing verses. 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 179 
 
 TO A S T A 11 . 
 
 "How calmly, brightly dost tliou shine, 
 Like the pure lamp in Virtue's shrine ! 
 Sure, the fair world, which thou may'st boast, 
 Was never ransomed, never lost. 
 
 There, beings pure as heaven's own air. 
 Their hopes, their joys together share ; 
 While hovering angels touch the string 
 And seraphs spread the sheltering wing. 
 
 There, cloudless days and brilliant nights, 
 Illumed by heaven's refulgent light, 
 There, seasons, years, unnoticed roll, 
 And unregretted by the soul. 
 
 Thou little sparklmg star of eveitn 
 Thou gem upon an azure heaven! 
 How swiftly will I soar to thee, 
 When this imprisoned soul is free!" 
 
 Bore, (Catharine Von) a nun of Nimp- 
 toclien, in Germany, afterwards the wife 
 of Luther, was the daughter of a gentle- 
 
180 ETOGRAPHY. 
 
 man of fortune. At the commencement 
 of the reformation, she, with eight other 
 nuns, convinced by Luther's writings of 
 the impropriety of monastic vows, escaped 
 from her convent, in 1523. This bold 
 step was highly praised by Luther, who 
 undertook their justification. Catharine 
 was then but twenty- six, anxi the charms 
 of youth in these circumstances, led her 
 enemies to censure her without founda- 
 tion, as having left her convent for a lib- 
 ertine life. Lutlier, hurt with this re- 
 port, would have married her to Glacius, 
 minister to Ortancunden ; but she not 
 liking Glacius, he married her himself, in 
 1526. Luther always delighted in the 
 heroism of his wife.- He would not part 
 with her, he afterwards observed, for all 
 the riches of the Venetians. She was 
 pious, modest, plain in her attire, and 
 economical in her liouse, where slie dis- 
 played all the hospitality of the German 
 
BOSTON. 181 
 
 nobleness, without tlieir pride. She died 
 in 1552, six years after Luther. — Betham. 
 
 Haven, (Nathaniel Apple ton) was born 
 January 14th, 1790; graduated at Har- 
 vard college, in 1807 ; and settled, a law- 
 yer, at Portsmouth, where he died of the 
 scarlet fever, June 3d, 1826, aged thirty- 
 six. He wrote some fine poetry, and 
 many valuable articles for the Ports- 
 mouth Journal, which he edited from 
 1821 to 1825. He wrote also for the 
 North American Keview. He was a 
 member of the Rev. Dr. Parker's church, 
 in Portsmouth, and for six years superin- 
 tended a large and flourishing Sabbath , 
 school. His remains, with a memoir by 
 George Ticknor, were published in 1827. 
 — Ency. 
 
 The writer would most affectionately 
 refer to that eminent divine. Rev. Dr. 
 Parker. When closing a young ladies' 
 
 16 
 
182 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 school in Portsmouth, in the summer of 
 1812, we addressed a note to Mr. Parker, 
 requesting him to attend the examination 
 and exhibition, and address the Throne 
 of Grace, which he most cheerfully com- 
 plied with ; his prayer was in keeping 
 with hunself, appropriate and eloquent. 
 In after years, when visiting his friends 
 in Dover, he referred to that school. 
 
 Coddington, (William) one of the 
 founders of Hhode Island, was a native 
 of Lincolnshire, England. lie came to 
 this country one of the chief magistrates 
 of Massachusetts ; he was several times 
 re-chosen to that office. lie removed to 
 Ehode Island, April 26th, 1638, and was 
 the principal instrument in effecting the 
 original settlement of that place. His 
 name stands first on the covenant, signed 
 by eighteen persons, March 7tli, 1638 ; 
 forming themselves into a body politic, 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 183 
 
 to be governed by the laws of the Lord 
 Jesus Christ, the King of kings. 
 
 Mr. Coddington was chosen governor 
 seven years successively. In 1652, he 
 retired from public business ; but toward 
 the close of his life, he was prevailed on 
 to accept the chief magistracy. He was 
 governor in the year 1674, and 1675. 
 He died November 1st, 1678. While he 
 lived in Rhode Island, he embraced the 
 sentiments of the Quakers. He was a 
 warm advocate for liberty of conscience. 
 — Enci/. 
 
 Evans, (Caleb, D. D.,) President of the 
 Baptist Education Society at Bristol, was 
 the son of the Rev. Hugh Evans. He 
 was born at Bristol, about the year 1737. 
 In 1767, he became colleague to his fath- 
 er, as pastor of the church ; and in 1770 
 formed the " Bristol Education Society ;" 
 the object of which was, that of furnish- 
 
184 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 ing the dissenting congregations, and 
 especially those of the Baptist denomina- 
 tion, with a succession of able and evan- 
 gelical ministers, as ■well as missionaries, 
 for propagating the gospel in the world. 
 From this time to the period of his death, 
 which took place, August 9th, 1791, in 
 the fifty-fourth year of his age, Dr. 
 Evans continued to discharge the duties 
 of his high office with honor to himself, 
 and usefulness to the body with which 
 he was associated. He ]oublished an 
 answer to Dr. Priestly's " Appeal," and a 
 small volume entitled "Christ Crucified;" 
 besides occasional sermons. — Jones' Chr. 
 Biog. 
 
 Amelia, (the princess,) the eminently 
 pious daughter of his majesty George the 
 III.; born 1783, and died 1810, aged 
 twenty-seven years. She was most ten- 
 derly beloved by her father, whose last 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 185 
 
 illness is supposed to have accelerated, if 
 not brought on his death. A beautiful 
 picture of the venerable monarch and his 
 daughter, is given by a gentleman, who 
 was in the habit of close and official 
 attendance on the princess Amelia during 
 her last days. Eeing asked what was 
 the nature of the interview and conversa- 
 tion between her and his majesty, he re- 
 plied, " They are of the most interesting 
 kmd." Are they of a religious tendency"? 
 " Decidedly so," replied the gentleman ; 
 " and the religion is exactly of that sort 
 which you, as a serious Christian, would 
 'approve. His majesty speaks to his 
 daughter of the only hope of a sinner 
 being in the blood and righteousness of 
 Christ. He examines her as to the in- 
 tegrity and strength of that hope in her 
 own soul. The princess listens with 
 calmness and delight to the conversation 
 
 of her venerable parent, and replies to 
 16* 
 
186 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 his questions in a very affectionate and 
 serious manner. If you were present at 
 one of these interviews, you would ac- 
 knowledge with joy that the gospel is 
 preached in a palace, and that under 
 highly affecting circumstances. Noth- 
 ing," added he, " can be more striking 
 than the sight of the king, aged and 
 nearly blind, bending over the couch on 
 which the princess lies, and speaking to 
 her about salvation through Christ, as a 
 matter far more interesting to both, than 
 the highest privileges and the most mag- 
 nificent pomp of royalty." — Chissord. 
 
 Caldwell, (Elias B.) clerk of the su- 
 preme court of the United States, grad- 
 uated at Princeton, in 179G, and died at 
 Washington, in May, 1825, gladdened by 
 the promises of the religion which he pro- 
 fessed. He labored zealously in forming 
 and conducting the American Colonization 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 187 
 
 Society, of which he was the correspond- 
 ing secretary. In honor of him, the 
 managers of the society gave the name of 
 Caldwell, to a town in their African 
 colony. Mr. C, in order to bring relig- 
 ious instructions to the untaught in the 
 country near Washington, obtained a 
 license to preach from the presbytery, 
 and was accustomed to preach on the 
 Sabbath. — African Rep. 
 
 Carroll, (John, D. D.,) first Catholic 
 bishop of the United States, was born in 
 Maryland, in the year 1734. He was 
 sent at the age of thirteen, to the college 
 St. Onurs', in Flanders, where he re- 
 mained for six years, when he was trans- 
 ferred to the colleges Liege and Bruges. 
 In 1769, he was ordained a priest, and 
 soon after became a Jesuit. He returned 
 to America in 1775, and when the Ro- 
 man Catholic clergy in the United States 
 
188 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 requested from the pope the establish- 
 ment of a hierarchy, Mr. Carroll was ap- 
 pointed vicar general, and fixed his resi 
 dencc at Baltimore. In 1789, he was 
 named bishop, and in the ensuing year 
 was consecrated in England. In the 
 same year he returned to his native 
 country, and, from the office of his episco- 
 pal see, assumed the title of bishop of 
 Baltimore. A few years before his 
 death, he was raised to the dignity of arch- 
 bishop. He was a man of the most 
 amiable manners, and of deep evangeli- 
 cal piety; the American Fenelon. He 
 died in 1815, much esteemed and re- 
 gretted. — Da venport. 
 
 Athenais, (afterwards Elia Eudocia,) 
 empress of the east, was the daughter of 
 Leontinus, an Athenian philosopher, who 
 gave her a most elegant and liberal edu- 
 cation. To the learning and philosophy 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 189 
 
 of the Greeks, slie added the arts of 
 elocution and music. Her father at his 
 death, left all his property to her two 
 brothers, except one hundred pieces of 
 gold ; saying in his will, that " her un- 
 qualified merit was a sufficient portion." 
 This merit, however, was certainly no 
 apology for such signal injustice 
 which was manifested; aggravated by 
 the harsh treatment of her brothers, she 
 w^as forced to take refuge with an aunt 
 on her mother's side. Her aunt took 
 her to Constantinople, about the year 
 420, and the princess made the Pul- 
 cheria acquainted with her situation. 
 This princess, struck with her singular 
 beauty, learning, and modesty, found 
 means of making the admirable qualities 
 of her protege known to her brother, 
 Theodoricus, surnamed the Young. To 
 him, Athenais was soon married, and 
 was acknowledged empress of the east. 
 
190 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 in 422. Before her marriage, she em- 
 braced Christianity, the spirit of which 
 she exercised toward her brothers. On 
 hearing of her good fortune, they fled ; 
 but she caused them to be brought to 
 Constantinople ; obtained their forgive- 
 ness of the emperor, and their elevations 
 to honor and trust. " I regard you," said 
 she, " as the instrument of my elevation. 
 It was not your cruelty, but the hand of 
 Providence, which brought me here to 
 raise me to the throne." 
 
 Arrayed in the imperial purple, she 
 still cultivated her studies, and in every 
 department of the sciences then known, 
 was thought to equal any philosopher of 
 the other sex. Her poems were the ad- 
 miration of her own and succeeding ages. 
 She translated into verse the Pentateuch, 
 Joshua, Judges, Puth, together with the 
 prophecies of Daniel and Zechariah. The 
 learned Photius speaks highly both of 
 
BIOGRAPHY. 191 
 
 the merit of the poetry, and of the fidel- 
 ity of the translations ; so that her name 
 was ranked among theologians, as well 
 as among the literati ; and this, while at 
 the head of a magnificent court. 
 
 Anthony, (Susanna) an eminently 
 pious female, of Newport, Rhode Island, 
 was born in 1726, and died June 23d, 
 1791, aged sixty-four years. Her parents 
 w^ere Quakers. Dr. Hopkins published 
 the memoirs of her life, consisting chiefly 
 of extracts from her writings, of which 
 there was a second edition in 1810. She 
 devoted herself chiefly to prayer. — Allen. 
 
 Scougal, (Henry) some time professor 
 of divinity in the University of Aberdeen, 
 was a divine of the Episcopal church of 
 Scotland, in the seventeenth century. 
 He was educated in the university of St. 
 Andrews. In 1673, he was presented by 
 
192 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 his college to a living, but recalled the 
 following year, and made professor of 
 theology. His great exertions, both in 
 this capacity, and as a preacher, threw 
 him into a consumption, and he died, 
 greatly lamented, in 1678, at the early 
 age of twenty-eight. Dr. Doddridge says, 
 " He was a writer of the first rank, 
 though he wrote but little. Every page 
 abounds with noble and proper thought, 
 clothed with a decent eloquence, suited 
 to the subject. He appears to be the 
 best model of all his class. His ' Life of 
 God in the Soul of Man,' and ' Sermons,' 
 should be often read. His early death 
 at the age of twenty-eight, was an un- 
 speakable loss to the world." — Enci/. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 193 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Quakers, or Friends ; a body of Christ- 
 ians which took its rise in England, 
 about the middle of the seventeenth cen- 
 tury, and rapidly found its way into 
 other countries in Europe, and into the 
 English settlements in North America. 
 After the society was formed, they as- 
 sumed the appellation of Eriends. Geo. 
 Eox is supposed to be their first founder, 
 but after the restoration, Penn and Bar- 
 clay gave to their principles a more regu- 
 lar form. The doctrines of the society 
 have been variously represented ; but ac- 
 cording to Penn, they believe in the 
 Trinity of the Father, Word, and Spuit, 
 
 agreeably to the Scripture. In reply to 
 17 
 
194 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 the charge that they deny Christ to be 
 God, Penn says that is a most untrue 
 and uncharitable censure ; that they 
 truly and expressly own him to be so 
 according to the Scripture. To the ob- 
 jection that they deny the human nature 
 of Christ, he answers, "We never taught, 
 said or held so gross a thing, but believe 
 him to be truly and properly man like 
 us, sin only excepted." The doctrines of 
 the fall, and the redemption by Christ, 
 are according to him believed by them ; 
 and he firmly declares, " That they o\\ai 
 Jesus Christ as their sacrifice, atone- 
 ment, and propitiation." Their honora- 
 ble elder, George Fox, says, " We agree 
 with other professors of the Christian 
 name, in the belief of one eternal God, 
 the Creator and Preserver of the uni- 
 verse ; and in Jesus Christ, his Son, the 
 Messiah, and Mediator ^of the new cov- 
 enant. Heb. 12: 2i. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 195 
 
 Preshi/terlmi Churches in the United States. 
 
 This denomination is to be considered 
 as the offspring of the church of Scot- 
 land. It commenced its organized exist- 
 ence in the American colonies about the 
 beginning of the eighteenth century. 
 The ministers of whom we first hear as 
 preaching and laying the foundation of 
 churches, were the Rev. Francis M'- 
 Kemie, and the E-ev. John Hamton; the 
 former from the north of Ireland, the 
 latter from Scotland. These gentlemen 
 appear to have been sent to this country 
 by a respectable body of pious dissenters 
 in the city of London, for the purpose of 
 preaching the gospel in the middle and 
 southern colonies. They came in 1699, 
 and fixed their residence on the eastern 
 shore of Virginia, near the boarders of 
 Maryland, and went preaching in every 
 direction, as the disposition of the people, 
 
196 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 or other cii'cumstances, invited tlieir 
 evangelical labors. The Quakers of 
 Pennsylvania were disposed to open their 
 arms to all denominations of professing 
 Christians, who might be inclined to 
 settle among them. And the E-oman 
 Catholics of Maryland, being colonized 
 under a charter which compelled them to 
 exercise universal toleration toward pro- 
 testant sects, also afforded an asylum to 
 Presbyterians flying from persecution on 
 the other side of the Atlantic. It was 
 on account of these circumstances that 
 Pennsylvania and Maryland were select- 
 ed as the first seats of Presbyterian 
 enterprise and organization. So far as 
 is now known, the first Presbyterian 
 church that was organized, and furnished 
 with a place of worship, in the American 
 colonies, was in the city of Philadelphia. 
 This took place about the year 1703. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 197 
 
 Free- Will Baptists. In North America, 
 in the year 1780, the first church of this 
 denomination was organized at New Dur- 
 ham, N. H., under the x^astoral charge of 
 Ekier Benjamin Eandall. They have 
 since spread in various parts of the coun- 
 try, and now have churches in twelve 
 difierent states, and in the Canadas. In 
 January, 1844, there were eight yearly 
 meetings, and forty-six quarterly meet- 
 ings, and including about three thousand 
 general Baptists, in North Carolina, who 
 have taken the name of Free-Will Bap- 
 tists; about seven hundred churches, five 
 hundred and sixty preachers, and thirty 
 thousand five hundred communicants. 
 
 Methodist E. Church in the United States. 
 
 The first Methodist Class in America, 
 was formed in the city of New York, by 
 
 Pliillip Embury, in 1766. The commu- 
 
 11* 
 
198 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 nity, however, arising out of the labors 
 of Mr. Wesley, and some early preachers, 
 was not regularly formed till 1784; 
 when Dr. Coke, a presbyter of the church 
 of England, having been ordained, was 
 sent out in the capacity of superintend- 
 ent of the Methodist Society in America. 
 The highly respectable Methodist soci- 
 ety in Dover, was incorporated in 1819. 
 
 TJniversalists. The great distinguishing 
 characteristic of this class of Christians, 
 is their belief in the final holiness and 
 happiness of the whole human family. 
 Some of them believe that all punish- 
 ment for sin is endured in the present 
 state of existence, while others believe it 
 extends into the future life ; but all 
 agree that it is administered in a spirit 
 of kindness, is intended for the good of 
 those who experience it, and that it will 
 finally terminate and be succeeded by a 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 199 
 
 state of perfect and endless holiness and 
 happiness. 
 
 I would now speak of the renowned 
 society called Friends. 
 
 At an early age, my lot was cast with 
 the people called Friends, or Quakers. 
 But to my mind the name of Friends is 
 much more congenial ; for friends indeed 
 they generally prove themselves to be, to 
 all who are in need of succor or sympa- 
 thy. In all their dealings with their 
 fellow-men, they have ever manifested 
 the good feelings, and gracious spirit 
 that William Penn possessed when he 
 made his treaty with the Indians. " We 
 meet," said William, " on the broad 
 ground of faith and good will. No ad- 
 vantage shall be taken on either side, 
 but all shall be openness and love. I 
 will not call you children, for parents 
 sometimes chide their children too severe- 
 
200 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 ly ; nor brothers onl}» for brothers some- 
 tinies differ. The friendship between you 
 and me I will not compare to a cham, 
 for that the rains might rust, or the falling 
 tree break. We are the same as if one 
 man's body were divided into two parts, 
 w^e are all one flesh and blood." This 
 kind feeling has ever been cherished by 
 the denomination of Friends, from that 
 day to the present, towards all Avith 
 whom they have had intercourse. I may 
 add there are those of this worthy ap- 
 pellation in this region. They are always 
 famed for their hospitality. A poor man 
 in need of food or clothing, is never sent 
 empty away. Of this I have seen many 
 striking proofs. Nor do they give nig- 
 gardly or grudgingly, or of the poorest of 
 their substance. And what makes their 
 giving more commendable, is, they give 
 to all who are needy. The author while 
 soliciting patronage for the publication 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 201 
 
 of these adventures, has not only found 
 the Friends ready to subscribe, but in 
 some instances willing to pay in advance, 
 and add, " Should any thing happen the 
 books should fail, thee is welcome to the 
 money; and if thee lack, call again." No 
 denomination has stood the test of time 
 longer or with better grace than that of 
 the Friends. 
 
 Temperance ; that virtue which a man 
 is said to possess who moderates and re- 
 strains his sensual appetite. It is often 
 however, in a much more general sense, 
 as synonymous with moderation, and is 
 applied indiscriminately to all the pas- 
 sions. " Temperance," says Addison, 
 "has those particular advantages above 
 all other means of health, that it may be 
 practiced by all ranks and conditions, at 
 all seasons or in any place. It is a kind of 
 regimen into which every man may put 
 
202 MISCELLA^'EOUS. 
 
 himself without interruption to business, 
 expense of money, or loss of time. Water 
 drinkers have better teeth, better stom- 
 achs, and better appetites, than those 
 who make use of stimulating drmks. 
 Their minds are more clear and capable 
 of greater efforts." "SVhile Sir Isaac New- 
 ton was writing his celebrated treatise on 
 optics, he drank nothing but water. John 
 Locke, that mighty giant in intellect, 
 made water his common drink. He had 
 a very feeble constitution, and was afflict- 
 ed with the asthma ; yet he lived seventy- 
 three years. Cold water cools, thins and 
 clears the blood ; it keeps the stomach, 
 head, and nerves ui order ; it produces an 
 equilibrium of animal spirits, and pro- 
 motes tranquillity, serenity, and cheerful- 
 ness. 
 
 Idleness ; a reluctancy to be employed 
 in any kind of work. The idle man is 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 203 
 
 in every view, both foolish and criminal. 
 He neither lives to God, to the world, 
 nor himself. He does not live to God, 
 for he answers not the end for which he 
 was brought into being. Existence is a 
 sacred trust, but he who misemploys, and 
 squanders it away, thus becomes treach- 
 erous to its Author. Those powers which 
 should be employed in his service, and 
 for the promotion of his glory, lie dor- 
 mant ; the time which should be sacred 
 to Jehovah, is lost, and thus he enjoys 
 no fellowship with God, nor any way de- 
 votes himself to his praise. He lives not 
 to the world, nor for the benefit of his 
 fellow-creatures around him ; while all 
 creation is fidl of life and activity, and 
 nothing stands still in the universe, he 
 remains idle, forgetting that mankind are 
 connected by various relations, and mu- 
 tual dependence, and that the order of 
 the world cannot be maintained without 
 
204 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 perpetual circulation of active duties. 
 He lives not to himself; thougli he im- 
 agines he leaves to others the drudgery 
 of labor, and betakes himself to enjoy- 
 ment and ease ; yet in fact he has no true 
 pleasure. While he is a blank in society, 
 he is no less a torment to himself, for he 
 who knows not what it is to labor, knows 
 not what it is to enjoy life. He shuts 
 the door against improvement of every 
 kind, whether of body, mind or fortune. 
 Sloth enfeebles equally the bodily and 
 mental powers. His character falls into 
 contempt ; disorder, confusion and em- 
 barrassment, mark his whole situation. 
 Idleness is the inlet to a variety of other 
 vices, it undermines every virtue in the 
 soul; violent passions like rapid torrents, 
 run through then- course ; but after hav- 
 ing overflowed their banks, their impetu- 
 osity subsides ; but sloth, especially when 
 it is habitual, is like the slowly flowing 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 205 
 
 putrid stream which stagnates in the 
 marsh, breeds venomous animals and 
 poisonous plants, and infests with pesti- 
 lential vapors, the Avhole country round ; 
 it having once tainted the soil, it leaves 
 no part of it sound, and at the same time 
 gives not those alarms to conscience 
 which the eruptions of bolder and fiercer 
 emotions often occasion. 
 
 Frietidship, is the state of minds united 
 by mutual affection, and abounding in 
 acts of reciprocal kindness. "To live in 
 friendship," says a heathen writer, " is to 
 have the same desires and the same aver- 
 sions." So many qualities, indeed, are 
 requisite to the possibility of friendship 
 among men, and so many favorable cir- 
 cumstances must concur to its rise and 
 continuance, that the greatest part of 
 mankind content themselves without it, 
 and supply its place as they can with 
 
 Id 
 
206 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 interest and dependence. The generality 
 of mankind are unqualified for a con- 
 stant and warm intercliange of benevo- 
 lence, as indeed they are incapacitated 
 for any other elevated excellence, by 
 perpetual attention to their own interest, 
 and unresisting subjection to their de- 
 praved passions. An inveterate selfish- 
 ness predominates in their mind, and all 
 their actions are tainted with a sordid 
 love of gain. But there are many varie- 
 ties of disposition, as well as this hate- 
 ful and confirmed corruption, that ex- 
 clude friendship from the heart. Some 
 persons are ardent enough in their be- 
 nevolence, are constitutionally mutable 
 and uncertain, soon attracted by new 
 objects, disgusted without oficnce, and 
 alienated without enmity. Others are 
 soft and flexible ; easily influenced by 
 r(>ports and whispers, ready to catch 
 alarms from ovorv dubious; circumstance, 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 207 
 
 and to listen to every suspicion which 
 envy or flattery may suggest. Some arc 
 impatient of contradiction, more wilhng 
 to go wrong by their own judgment, 
 than to be indebted for a better and safer 
 way to the sagacity of another. Too 
 many are dark and involved, anxious to 
 conceal their purposes, and pleased when 
 they can show their design only in its 
 execution. Some are universally com- 
 municative, alike open to every eye, and 
 equally profuse of their own secrets and 
 those of others, without the necessary 
 vigilance of caution, ready to accuse 
 without malice, and to betray without 
 treachery. Each of these is unfit for 
 close and tender intimacy. He cannot 
 properly be chosen for a friend, whose 
 kindness is exhaled by its own warmth, 
 or frozen by the first blast of slander; 
 nor can he be a useful counselor, who 
 will hear no opinion but his own ; that 
 
208 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 man will not much, invite confidence 
 whose principal maxim is to suspect ; nor 
 can his candor and frankness be much 
 esteemed, who makes every man without 
 distinction, a denizen of his bosom. 
 
 Iletirement is the state of a person who 
 quits public station, in order to be alone. 
 Iletirement is of great advantage to a 
 wise man ; to him " the hour of solitude 
 is the hour of meditation." He com- 
 munes with his own heart ; he reviews the 
 actions of his past life ; he corrects what 
 is amiss ; he rejoices in what is right ; 
 and wiser by experience, lays the plan of 
 his future life. The great and the noble, 
 the wise and the learned, the pious and 
 the good, have been lovers of serious re- 
 tirement. On the field, the patriot forms 
 his schemes ; the philosopher pursues his 
 discoveries, the saint improves himself in 
 wisdom and good. Solitude is the hal- 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 209 
 
 lowed ground which religion, in every 
 age, has adapted as its own. There her 
 sacred inspirations are felt, and her holy 
 mysteries elevate the soul; there devo- 
 tion lifts up the voice, there falls the 
 tear of contrition, there the heart pours 
 itself forth before him who made and 
 him who redeemed it. Apart from men 
 we live with nature, and converse with 
 God. — Ency. 
 
 Sorrow is uneasiness or grief, arising 
 from the privations of some good we 
 actually possessed. It is the opposite to 
 joy; though sorrow may be allowable 
 under a sense of sin, and when involved 
 in troubles, yet we must beware of an 
 extreme. In order to moderate our sor- 
 row, we should consider that we are 
 under the direction of a wise and merci- 
 ful Being; that he permits no evil to 
 
 come upon us without a gracious design ; 
 
 18* 
 
210 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 that he can make our troubles sources of 
 spiritual advantage ; that he might have 
 afflicted us in a far greater degree ; that 
 though he has taken some, yet he has 
 left many other comforts ; that he has 
 given many promises of relief; that he 
 has supported thousands in as great 
 troubles as ours; finally, that the time 
 is coming when he will wipe away all 
 tears, and give to them that love him a 
 " crown of glory that fadeth not away." 
 
 Religious Education. " Fathers," says 
 the apostle, (Eph. 6: 4,) " bring up your 
 children in the nurture and admonition 
 of the Lord." " This, surely," says Mr. 
 Buckminster, " can be mterpreted as 
 nothing less than a precept for the relig- 
 ious education of those committed to 
 their care. If any thing should be 
 taught soon, it is certainly that which 
 ought never to be forgotten. The earli- 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 211 
 
 est age is that which imbibes the most 
 copiously, and retains the longest. If 
 then we would succeed in training up 
 children in the nurture and admonition 
 of the Lord, we must begin before the 
 heart is hardened by prejudices, or pollu- 
 ted with vice. The first light which 
 strikes them should be the light of hea- 
 ven. The mind will be pre-occupied if 
 the parent is a moment idle. The mind 
 of a child cannot be shut up until he is 
 ready to furnish it ; and though it is 
 hard to make them learn, it will be 
 found still harder to make them forget 
 what they should not have received." — 
 Sketches. 
 
 Christian Fortitude is necessary to vig- 
 ilance, patience, self-denial, and perse- 
 verance ; and is requisite under affliction, 
 temptation, persecution, desertion, and 
 death. The noble cause in which the 
 
212 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Christian is engaged, tlie glorious Master 
 whom he serves, the provision that is 
 made for his security, the illustrious ex- 
 amples set before him, the approbation of 
 a good conscience, and the grand pros- 
 pect he has in ^dew, are all powerful 
 motives to the exercise of this grace. — 
 Watts' Sermon. 
 
 Generosity ; the disposition which 
 prompts us to bestow favors which are 
 not the purchase of any particular merit. 
 It is different from humanity. Human- 
 ity is that exquisite feeling we possess in 
 relation to others, so as to grieve for 
 their sufferings, resent their mjuries, or 
 rejoice at their prosperity; and as it 
 arrises from sympathy, it requires no 
 great self-denial, or self-command; but 
 generosity is that by which we are led to 
 prefer some other person to ourselves, 
 and to sacrifice any interest of our own 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 213 
 
 to the interest of another. Generosity is 
 peculiarly amiable when it is spontane- 
 ous and unsolicited ; when it is disinter- 
 ested, and when, in the distribution of 
 its benefits, it consults the best season 
 and manner in conferring them. — Hend. 
 Buck. 
 
 Filial Piety is the affectionate attach- 
 ment of children to their parents, in- 
 cluding in it love, reverence, obedience, 
 and relief. Justly has it been observed, 
 that those great duties are prompted 
 equally by nature and gratitude; indis- 
 pensable are the injunctions of religion, 
 for where shall we find the person who 
 hath received from any one benefits so 
 great or so many, as children from their 
 parents'? And it may be truly said, if 
 persons are undutiful to their parents, 
 they seldom prove good to any other 
 relation. 
 
214 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 " In educating youth," says Madam 
 Beaumont, " it is absolutely necessary in 
 forming their young minds to virtue, 
 never to separate religion and reason ; 
 one must be dependent on the other ; for 
 the support of which, it is of the utmost 
 importance to study the Holy Scriptures, 
 which are alone capable of inspiring us 
 with a just idea of the eternal Being, the 
 recompenser of virtue, and the avenger of 
 crimes." 
 
 Delate ; to dispute. A man ought to 
 debate his cause with his neighbor ; he 
 ought privately and meekly to reason the 
 point of difference between them. Prov. 
 25 : 9. God debates in measure with 
 his people, when he reproves and cor- 
 rects them, as they are able to bear it. 
 Isa. 27: 8. Debate signifies contention, 
 especially in words. Komans 1 : 29. — 
 Brown. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 215 
 
 Ejaculation ; a short prayer, in which 
 the mind is directed to God on any 
 emergency. 
 
 Eqiiiti/, is that exact rnle of righteous- 
 ness or justice which is to be observed 
 between man and man. Our Lord beau- 
 tifully and comprehensively expresses it 
 in these words : " All things whatsoever 
 ye would that men should do unto you, 
 do ye even so to them, for this is the law 
 and the prophets." Matt. 7: 12. "This 
 golden rule," says Br. Watts, " has many 
 excellent properties in it; first it is a 
 rule that is easy to be understood, and 
 easy to be applied by the meanest and 
 weakest understandicg. Isaiah 35 : 8. 
 Secondly, it is a very short rule, and 
 easy to be remembered." 
 
 Mind; a thinking, intelligent being; 
 otherwise called spirit or soul. Dr. 
 
216 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Watts has given us some admirable 
 thoughts as to the improvement of the 
 mind. " There are five eminent means 
 or methods," he observes, " whereby the 
 mind is improved in the knowledge of 
 things ; and these are, observation, read- 
 ing, instruction by lectures, conversation, 
 and meditation, which last in a most 
 peculiar manner, is called study." — See 
 Locke. 
 
 Abuse ; to use things or persons from 
 wrong motives, to wrong ends, in a sin- 
 ful or dishonorable manner. Judges 19 : 
 25. Children abuse their parents, when 
 by disobedience of any kind, or by neg- 
 lecting to support or comfort them, they 
 shorten or embitter their existence. Men 
 abuse the world when they use the good 
 things of it to dishonor Gpd, and gratify 
 their own lust, forgetful of eternity. 1 
 Cor. 17: 31. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 217 
 
 Censure ; the act of judging and blam- 
 ing others for their faults. Faithfuhiess 
 in reproving another differs from censori- 
 ousness ; the former arises from love to 
 truth, and respect for the person ; the 
 latter is a disposition that loves to find 
 fault. However, just censure may be 
 where there is blame, yet a censorious 
 spirit, or rash judging, must be avoided. 
 It is usurping the authority and judg- 
 ment of God. It is unjust, uncharitable, 
 mischievous, productive of unhappiness 
 to ourselves, and often the cause of disor- 
 der and confusion in society. — See Rash 
 Judging. 
 
 Anxiety ; intense solicitude, the ex- 
 treme of care. Solicitude and anxiety as 
 habits of the mind in relation to worldly 
 things, and especially to providential 
 events yet future ; are irreconcilable with 
 the faith of a Christian which requires 
 
 19 
 
218 MICCELLANEOUS. 
 
 him to cast all his burdens on the Lord. 
 The charge of our Saviour, Matthew 6 : 
 25 — 34, literally rendered, is: Be not 
 anxious about your life, indulge no anx- 
 iety respecting the morrow, for sufficient 
 unto the day is the evil thereof. 
 
 Pride is inordinate and unreasonable 
 self-esteem, attended with insolence, and 
 rude treatment of others. Pride mani- 
 fests itself in various ways. The evil 
 effects of pride are beyond computation ; 
 to suppress this evil, we should consider 
 what we are. " If we could trace our 
 descents," says Seneca, " we should find 
 all slaves to come from princes, and all 
 princes from slaves." 
 
 Inte()rity ; purity of mind, free from 
 any undue bias or principle. Prov. 11 : 
 3. Many hold that a certain artful sa- 
 gacity, founded upon knowledge of the 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 219 
 
 world, is the best conductor of every one 
 who would he a successful adventurer in 
 life ; and that a strict attention to integ;- 
 rity, would lead them into danger and 
 distress. But into this, it is justly ob- 
 served, first, that the guidance of integ- 
 rity is the safest under which we can be 
 placed ; that the road in which it leads 
 U5 in, upon the Avliole, is freest from 
 danger. Prov. 3: 21. Secondly, it is 
 unquestionably the most honorable; for 
 integrity is the foundation of all that is 
 high in character among mankind. Prov. 
 4 : 8. Thirdly, it is the most conducive 
 to felicity, such a character can look 
 forward to eternity without dismay. Ro- 
 mans 2 : 7. 
 
 Contention, is either sinful, when with 
 carnal affection we strive with one anoth- 
 er. Prov. 13 : 10. Or lawful when we 
 eagerly promote that which is good, not- 
 
220 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 withstanding great opposition. 1 Thess. 
 2 : 2. We contend earnestly for the 
 faith, when notwithstanding manifold 
 suffering and danger, we are strong in 
 the faith of God's truth contained in his 
 word; zealously profess and practice it, 
 and excite others to do so, and exert our- 
 selves to prevent the censure of scandal- 
 ous and heretical persons. Jude 2. 
 
 Pity is generally defined to be the 
 uneasiness we feel at the unhappiness of 
 others, prompting us to compassionate 
 them, with a desii'e of their relief God 
 is said to pity them that fear him, as a 
 father piteth his children. . " The father," 
 says Mr. Henry, " pities his children that 
 are weak in knowledge, and instructs 
 them; pities them when they are fro- 
 ward, and bears with them ; pities them 
 when they are sick, and comforts them 
 (Isa. Qf^ : 13,) when they are fallen, and 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 221 
 
 helps tliem up again when they have 
 offended, and forgives them when they 
 are wrong, and rights them. Thus the 
 Lord pitieth them that fear him. Psalm 
 103: 13. 
 
 " The Epistle of Paul to the Eomans," 
 says Dr. Macknight, " which for sublim- 
 ity and .truth of sentiment, for brevity 
 and strength of expression, for regularity 
 in its structure, but above all for the un- 
 speakable importance of the discoveries 
 which it contains, stands unrivaled by 
 any mere human composition, and as far 
 exceeds the most celebrated production of 
 the learned Greeks and Romans, as the 
 shining of the sun exceeds the twinklmg 
 of the stars." 
 
 This Epistle was written a. d. 57, or 
 58, in Corinth. 
 
 A selection of miscellaneous articles 
 
 19* 
 
222 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 and select sentences, treasured up from 
 time to time, by the writer : 
 
 Truth is immortal, no fragment of it 
 ever dies. 
 
 The happiness of heaven must consist 
 in loving and giving. 
 
 Up to heaven's gate in theory, down in 
 earth's dust in practice. 
 
 The world will still roll on in its own 
 orbit, around the sun, tind the puny, tiny 
 insects that are now buzzing about here, 
 will all pass off, and be gone. 
 
 Sleep is the dearest solace of the 
 wretched. 
 
 The heart of the ambitious is like the 
 sea ; always exposed to the storm, always 
 agitated and ruffled by the slightest 
 wind. 
 
 The tongue is a wonderful implement ; 
 every one has it, and can use it. Sj^eak- 
 ing the truth in love is one of the cheap- 
 est and best ways of doing good. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 223 
 
 If you can do good to-day, defer it not 
 till tomorrow. 
 
 The excellency of many discourses con- 
 sists in their brevity. 
 
 A wicked man may be considered as 
 dead while he is alive ; but a good man 
 lives in the tomb. 
 
 A rich man who is not liberal, resem- 
 bles a tree without fruit. 
 
 There is a Providence that rules all 
 the minute things in nature. 
 
 Adversity tries true friendship. 
 
 We cannot judge of the merits of a 
 subject, which we make personal. 
 
 Open reproaches and false accusations 
 wound like a sword in close fight. 
 Secret detraction slays like an arrow shot 
 from a distance, or one concealed from 
 view.— 5. P. ^ Scott. 
 
 Suspicion cannot live before perfect 
 frankness. 
 
224 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Afflictions often enlighten and reprove, 
 correct and purify. 
 
 Love for love, says an aged divine, is 
 but justice and gratitude. Love for no 
 love is favor and kindness. But love for 
 hatred is a most divine temper ; and this 
 is the temper our Saviour represents 
 when he tells us to pray for our ene- 
 mies. 
 
 What consolation would there be to 
 the oppressed if they were not permitted 
 to pray 1 
 
 A monk once said, " Work is wor- 
 ship;" might have said, Work is happi- 
 ness or pleasure. 
 
 The word of an honest man is evi- 
 dence, without an oath. 
 
 Heads of prayer, by the excellent 
 Matthew Henry : Adoration, Confession, 
 Supplication, Thanksgiving, and Inter- 
 cession. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 225 
 
 A few lines written by Lutlier, to a 
 friend : 
 
 " Aged, weary, spiritless, and almost 
 blind ; yet I have as much to do in 
 writing, preaching, and acting, as if I 
 had never written, nor preached, nor 
 acted. I am weary of the world, and the 
 world is weary of me. The parting will 
 be easy, like that of a guest leaving the 
 inn. I pray only that God will be gra- 
 cious to me in my last hours, and I shall 
 quit the world without reluctance." 
 
 " Blessed are those who keep the com- 
 mandments of God ; they shall have a 
 right to the tree of life. Enter m through 
 the gates, into the city, and go no more 
 out forever." 
 
 An eminent lady who is proverbial for 
 charitable and benevolent deeds, present- 
 ed the writer a number of bibles and 
 
226 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 testaments for the benefit of visitors, 
 while keeping the New Hampshire 
 House. 
 
 Ask counsel of friends, advice of neigh- 
 bors, help of strangers, relatives nothing. 
 
 Standing above the great cataract, 
 Kossuth said, "Indeed, Niagara sur- 
 passes my expectations. It has no word, 
 no voice to describe it ; it baffles the 
 power of language." 
 
 Always treat the sentiments of benevo- 
 lence with attention, let them be ever so 
 uncouth. 
 
 Imaginative faculty of our minds is, 
 wliile kept in order, a great blessing ; but 
 when it falls into disorder, it is a great 
 evil. 
 
 Excitement always obscures the 
 senses. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 227 
 
 Eartli has no sorrows which heaven 
 cannot kill. — Dr. Potts. 
 
 Time is the great restorer. 
 
 O, how long a lesson it is to learn the 
 full meaning of that word, Acquiesce; 
 how difficult to say from the heart, 
 " Lord, not as I will, but as Thou wilt." 
 
 The memory of the good ought to be 
 embalmed in the hearts of the poor. 
 
 Practical Observations. (Luke, chap. 
 7.) The history of the woman that was 
 a sinner has something in it very re- 
 markable, and instructs us in the nature 
 of true repentance. We find in this 
 woman, a pattern of great humility. We 
 see here with how much goodness the 
 Saviour receives true penitents and par- 
 dons their sins. 
 
 Coming of the Last Dai/. (2 Peter, 
 chap. 3.) This chapter treats of the last 
 
228 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 coming of Christ, and the end of the 
 world, and the effects which this doctrine 
 ought to produce in us. The apostle 
 Peter tells us we cannot apply ourselves 
 with too great earnestness to a holy life ; 
 so as not to be surprised by that day, 
 but to be then found without spot or 
 blemish. 
 
 May we have the gracious spirit of the 
 apostle, when he said, " Having food and 
 raiment, let us be content." 
 
 A funeral discourse preached by the 
 Rev. Elijah Jones, on hearmg of the death 
 of that celebrated philanthropist, AYm. 
 Ladd, Esq., a resident of Minot, who 
 died at Portsmouth, N. H., April 9 th, 
 1841. It was an interesting discourse, 
 and a just character to tlie great and 
 good man. 2 Samuel, 8 : 38. " And 
 the king said unto his servants. Know ye 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 229 
 
 not that there is a pnnce, and a great 
 man fallen this clay in Israel V 
 
 An Appropriate Text. Rev. R. R. 
 Greely, chaplain of the House of Eepre- 
 sentatives, U. S. A., preached the funeral 
 sermon of Mr. Adams, Ex-President. Job 
 11 : 17. " And thine age shall be clearer 
 than the noon day; thou shalt shine 
 forth, thou shalt be as the morning." 
 
 These words were spoken by a godly 
 Quakeress when presentmg some articles 
 of clothing to a poor destitute traveler, 
 who entered her domicil. " When thou 
 seest any one in distress, and it is in thy 
 power to relieve him, remember he is thy 
 brother." 
 
 Favorite Rules. 
 
 1. Never put off till tomorrow what 
 you can do to-day. 
 
 20 
 
230 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 2. Never trouble others to do what 
 you can do yourself. 
 
 3. Never spend your money before 
 you have it. 
 
 4. Never buy what you do not want, 
 because it is cheap. 
 
 5. Nothing is troublesome, that we 
 do willingly. 
 
 6. How much pains those evils cost, 
 that never happened. 
 
 7. Take things always by their 
 smooth liandle. 
 
 8. When angry, count ten before you 
 speak, if very angry, one hundred. 
 
 9. Never waste counsel upon those 
 who will not take it. 
 
 10. I think implicit confidence with 
 advice given ought not to be expected. 
 
 Cruel. The tender mercies of the 
 wicked are cruel ; even their kindness 
 ensnares and murders men's souls. Prov. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 231 
 
 12: 10. To breathe out cruelty is to 
 utter threatenings, and to delight in 
 want of tender sympathy, and in doing 
 mischief. Ps. 27 : 12. 
 
 We are quite indebted to the amiable 
 Miss E. Lord, for the pretty poetry pre- 
 sented. Miss E. Lord is a teacher in the 
 city, and an interesting young lady. 
 
 Here's a health to thee, good Boston, 
 
 Fair city of the brave ! 
 Long may the flag of honor 
 
 O'er thee, its pinions wave ; 
 Long may the well of knowledge 
 
 Spring forth in gushings sweet, 
 A swelling and a rising flood, 
 
 For our goodly city meet. 
 
 There are kindly hearts within thee, 
 
 And tones of love, that tell 
 How with the joys of brother man. 
 
 The gen'rous soul will sv/ell ; 
 How the grasping hand will welcome 
 
 The hand of honest toil, 
 And work and knowledge mingle 
 
 On our ovra New England soil. 
 
232 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 The heart is ever open ; 
 
 The hand is free to give, 
 And the memory of the gen'rous, 
 
 In grateful hearts •will live. 
 On honor's page is shining 
 
 Full many a worthy name, 
 Wreath'd with the glorious circlet, 
 
 Of high and noble fame. 
 
 Souls of the loved and honored, 
 
 In passing from the sight, 
 Have left upon their children 
 
 Their mantles, glowing bright 
 With gen'rous love, with charity. 
 
 With ev'ry high desire, — 
 And many noble sons have prov'd 
 
 Flight worthy of their sire. 
 
 ■ We are proud of thee, our birthplace ! 
 
 We're proud of thee, our home ! 
 We could not find a fairer land 
 
 If we the world might roam; 
 Nor kindlier hearts, nor nobler souls. 
 
 O'er all this beauteous earth ; 
 Thy sons are worthy of their land, 
 
 The land of freedom's birth ! 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 233 
 
 Female Education. 
 
 It has already been stated that the 
 author early engaged in educating the 
 young, and the proper education of her 
 own sex has always been among the de- 
 sires and efforts of her life. Hence she 
 is pleased to make, in this place, the fol- 
 lowing quotation, upon female education, 
 from the pen of Wm. M. Cornell, M. D. 
 
 " The subject of female education, 
 within the memory of the writer (who 
 has not yet lived half a century) was but 
 little thought of Men, and women too, 
 w^ho would strain every nerve, and en- 
 dure great privations and expense to edu- 
 cate their sons, felt no necessity, and put 
 forth no effort, to confer educational en- 
 dowments upon their daughters. It 
 seemed, in the language of the learned 
 and facetious Trumbull, as though 
 
 ' They loved Mahomet's rules, who holds 
 That -women ne'er were born with souls,' 
 20* 
 
234 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 or intellects of any kind. Even clergy- 
 men, civil officers and professed instruct- 
 ors, were all in this condemnation. But 
 within the last twenty-five years, a 
 change, much for the better, has come 
 over the community, and much more in 
 keeping with the Christian religion. In 
 all the States of our Union, female semi- 
 naries have been reared, richly endowed, 
 and furnished with competent teachers. 
 These have arisen through j;>'iyrtfc muni- 
 ficence. Also, m our own' commonwealth 
 (and I think in some others) the public 
 coffers have been opened for this same 
 benevolent purpose, and the result has 
 been the establishment of Normal schools 
 for the thorough literary qualification of 
 female teachers ; and those who have had 
 the most to do with instruction in our 
 public schools, have been convinced that 
 females make by far the best and most 
 successful instructors in them; especially 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 235 
 
 is this the case with the younger portion, 
 (which is much the larger) of the pupils. 
 It is the opinion of many of the lovers of 
 education, that it would he preferable to 
 employ female teachers to males, even at 
 the same salaries. 
 
 " The enterprise of female education, 
 which has for some time been thus 
 smiled upon by private benefaction, and 
 by the public endowment of Normal 
 schools, has recently received a new im- 
 petus by the regular chartering of liter- 
 ary colleges for females in several of the 
 States of the Union, of which there is 
 one in Georgia, one in Missouri, and in 
 several other States. These colleges 
 have all the endowments, rights and 
 privileges that are conferred upon the 
 colleges of the land for the education of 
 young men. They have power, and ex- 
 ercise it, of conferring degrees upon all 
 who pursue a regular course of study for 
 
236 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 three years, and sustain a good and satis- 
 factory examination upon the branches 
 authorized and required to be studied by 
 the faculty of such colleges. 
 
 " This is as it should be. What valid 
 reason can be advanced against iti With 
 such examples of eminent vromen as have 
 arisen in the world, it is quite too late to 
 attempt to maintain that females are as 
 competent to attain as thorough, and as 
 finished an education, in all the branches 
 of science and literature, as males. The 
 Moores, and Sigourneys, and multitudes 
 of others, stand up in fearful array 
 against such an opinion." 
 
 Memoir of IVm M. Cornell, A. 3f., M. D. 
 
 We give the following sketch of the 
 life of a particular living friend, as we 
 doubt not our readers will feel deeply 
 interested in one who has, and is still 
 accomplishing much good. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 237 
 
 The Eev. ^Yilliam M. Cornell, A. M., 
 M. D., was born in the town of Berkley, 
 Mass., October 16th, 1802. He prepared 
 himself for college by his own eiforts, 
 and without aid from any other source. 
 During his college course, he supported 
 himself by teaching school. He became 
 a member of the church in his native 
 town, September 9th, 1823. He gradu- 
 ated with honors, at Brown University, 
 in the class of 1827, the first class under 
 president AVayland, and which the now 
 venerable president, has ever character- 
 ized as " his Pioneers." 
 
 He studied Theology with the Eev. 
 Thomas Andros, of Berkley, and the Eev. 
 Timothy Davis, of Wellfleet. He was 
 licensed to preach, October 29th, 1828, 
 by the Barnstable Association of Congre- 
 gational ministers, and ordained as an 
 Evangelist, by the Piscataqua Associa- 
 tion, at Exeter, N". H., January 19th, 
 
238 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 1830. He was installed pastor of the 
 first church, in Woodstock, Conn., June 
 15 th, 1831. He married Miss Emeline 
 Augusta Loud, of Weymouth, Mass., 
 January 18th, 1832. He resigned his 
 pastoral charge at Woodstock, August 
 12th, 1834, and was installed, as pastor 
 of the Evangelical Congregational church 
 in Quincy, Mass., August 20th, 183-4. 
 He resigned the pastoral charge of this 
 church, on account of the failure of his 
 health, July 8th, 1839. For the next 
 three years, he taught a family boarding- 
 school in Quincy, which was very poj)u- 
 lar ; receiving pupils from a great dis- 
 tance, even from Mobile to the British 
 Provinces. He removed from Quincy to 
 Boston, November 15 th, 1842, where he 
 taught a school for young ladies, one 
 year. He then completed his medical 
 education, and received the Degree of 
 Doctor in Medicine, from the Berkshire 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 239 
 
 Medical Institution, February 17th, 1845. 
 Since which time, he has been in the 
 practice of medicine in Boston, preaching 
 occasionally, as health Avould admit, and 
 opportunity offered. 
 
 He would never have given up the 
 active duties of the ministry, had he not 
 been compelled to do so by such disease 
 and debility of the vocal organs, as abso- 
 lutely prevented him from speaking in 
 public a considerable part of the time. 
 Since he has been a practitioner of medi- 
 cine, he has been very successful in 
 several chronic diseases, such as nervous 
 affections, epilepsy, and diseases of the 
 throat and lungs ; often receiving patients 
 and being called to visit them several 
 hundred miles. A book might be filled 
 with the letters he has received from 
 patients and their friends, thanking him 
 for the good he has been the instrument 
 of bestowing upon them. Perhaps no 
 
240 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 one who has begun the practice of medi- 
 cine at so late a period of life, has had a 
 wider practice, or one attended with more 
 success, in the diseases to which he has 
 given special attention. 
 
 When the movement was made both 
 in Boston and Philadelphia, to educate 
 females to practice in obstetrics, and in 
 diseases of their own sex, he viewed it as 
 one calculated to do good, by opening a 
 wider field of usefulness to women, and 
 keeping those who were not qualified 
 properly, from entering upon duties 
 which they could not perform iinder- 
 standingly. He was appointed in 1852, 
 professor of Physiology, Hygiene and 
 Medical Jurisprudence in the F. M. Col- 
 lege of Pennsylvania, a regularly chart- 
 ered medical college ; and also, professor 
 of the same branches in the N. E. F. M. 
 College. In 1853, he was unanimously 
 elected, by the trustees and corporation. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 241 
 
 president of the Penn. Medical Univer- 
 sity, of Philadelphia, which appointment 
 he did not accept. 
 
 " , His published works are numerous, 
 among which may be named the follow- 
 ing : " A Dedicatory Address, at Har- 
 wich, Mass.," as early as 1829. "A 
 Sermon, delivered at Quincy," "A Funer- 
 al Sermon at Stoughton," " A Grammar 
 of the English Language," "Consump- 
 tion Prevented," which passed through 
 seven editions ; " Consumption Treated," 
 showing its curability in certain cases ; 
 " The Sabbath made for Man," " Practi- 
 cal Observations on the Inhalation of 
 Powders and Vapors in Diseases of the 
 Air Passages and of the Lungs," and 
 " The Journal of Health, a monthly peri- 
 odical, devoted to the Promotion of 
 Plealth and Education; in three vol- 
 umes ;" " A Temperance Address on the 
 Fourth of July, in Quincy." Besides 
 
 21 
 
242 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 these works, he has written numerous 
 articles on science, health, education, and 
 other topics for the Boston Medical and 
 Surgical Journal, the Charleston, S. C. 
 Medical Journal and Review ; and been 
 a regular correspondent for two years of 
 two of the religious papers of Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Having known what it was to acquire 
 an education by his own efforts, Dr. C. 
 has done much to induce many young 
 men and women to qualify themselves for 
 teachers, often giving them instruction 
 gratuitously, or waiting upon them for a 
 small pecuniary remuneration, until they 
 should earn and be able to pay it by 
 their own efforts. The aid thus given 
 has often proved of great benefit to those 
 who had not the means of qualifying 
 themselves for usefulness, and rarely has 
 this beneficence been misplaced. He has 
 frequently spent half a day with n young 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 243 
 
 person in going from one place to anoth- 
 er, to introduce him into some honorable 
 and profitable employment. 
 
 The writer will ever remember with 
 pleasure, the season when the Rev. Mr. 
 C. supplied the pulpit, in Dover, N. H., 
 where she then resided, and at whose 
 house he boarded. The acquaintance 
 has been a pleasant one, and has been 
 maintained till the present time. 
 
 Eminent Men. 
 
 Hon. J. P. Hale, of N. H., candidate 
 for President of the U. S. 
 
 Hon. Abbot Lawrence, minister pleni- 
 potentiary of U. S. to St. James' Court, 
 one of the "merchant princes" of Boston, 
 is highly respected by foreign powers, 
 much beloved and esteemed at home. 
 
 Hon. Charles Sumner, present U. S. 
 Senator, from Mass., is an eloquent 
 
244 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 speaker, perceptions rapid, reasoning 
 clear and conclusive, frank, pure, and 
 beneficent. 
 
 Hon. Eufus Choate, a second Black- 
 stone. — Counselor at law. 
 
 John C. Warren, M. D. "Unfading 
 are the laurels " of such men as Dr. 
 Warren. 
 
 John B. Brown, M. D., fellow of the 
 Mass. Medical Society, member of the 
 American Medical Association, and of 
 the Boston Society for Medical Improve- 
 ment. 
 
 Dr. Hitchcock, is a professional den- 
 tist, and may be said to be superior in 
 skill. 
 
 Col. N. A. Thompson, when a young 
 man, w^as of much promise ; as he came 
 forward in years, and business, he w^as 
 crowned with prosperity and success. 
 But few young men step up the hill of 
 affluence as early. Col. Thompson is a 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 245 
 
 gentlemanly man, hospitable and kind to 
 all. "We hardly see in a business capa- 
 city how the city of Boston could do 
 without him. 
 
 My warmest thanks are due to my 
 aged Boston friend Mrs. B., for her gen- 
 erous and noble acts bestowed. May 
 her useful life be long spared, and her 
 last days be her best. 
 
 Railroad Men. 
 
 There is no class of men the public 
 are under more obligation to, than those 
 men who are engaged on the railroad 
 stations. The lives of the traveling pub- 
 lic are apparently at their disposal ; the 
 great care and attention that is constant- 
 ly required from those kind and amiable 
 conductors, and from the laborious and 
 worthy baggage master and fireman, is 
 incessant. There has not been a fatal 
 
 21* 
 
246 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 accident, save one, occurred in New 
 Hampshire or Maine, by any omission of 
 duty. Messrs. Tucker, Ackerman, Hall, 
 Smith, Wadleigh, and Kenney, with oth- 
 ers, which memory fails me to enumer- 
 ate, whose efforts are untiring in bestow- 
 ing their time and attention to the thou- 
 sands who annually pass those several 
 railroads. 
 
 Tucker, Ackerman, and Kenney, were 
 among the first, with their noble agents, 
 Col. Colman and Hiram Plumer, of Mass., 
 Hale and Waterhouse, of Maine, who 
 engaged in the great stage enterprise in 
 New Hampshire. For many years, with 
 their associates, they accommodated the 
 public with untiring efforts. 
 
 Mr. Tucker is a gentlemanly man, 
 affable and kind to all. Mr. Ackerman 
 is a sedate man, and is highly respected, 
 has been favorably noticed by the presen- 
 tation of a silver sett. Mr, Kenney and 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 247 
 
 Mr. S. Kimball, were the first two enter- 
 prising young men, that drove the stage 
 through, from Dover to Conway, which 
 was considered at that time, a great effort 
 to get through the country roads, with a 
 four horse coach. And those who are 
 now living who witnessed the passing of 
 those stages, twice a week, and the favors 
 received from them, will not easily forget 
 with what pleasure they anticipated the 
 arrival of those worthy young men, sit- 
 ting upon their boxes, and in their boxes 
 something to distribute to those on the 
 way side, for their happiness and com- 
 fort. The amiable widow of the Rev. 
 Mr. Walker, of Milton, who survives her 
 beloved husband, related to the writer a 
 short time since, when her husband was 
 confined with his last sickness, with 
 what solicitude he would look forward 
 to the hour of the arrival of those stages, 
 hoping those kind young men would 
 
248 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 bring him some article that could not be 
 obtained there, as they were accustomed 
 to do. 
 
 We regret we have not the pleasure of 
 knowing those who are engaged on the 
 beautiful and pleasant railroad route from 
 Cocheco Falls to Alton Bay. 
 
 Rockporf, Mass, 
 
 We learn from a respectable source, 
 since our work went to press, that the 
 house formerly kept by Mr. C. Norwood, 
 of Rockport, Mass., is re-opened by a 
 gentleman from New Hampshire. It is 
 now the reception house for the public ; 
 has fine accommodations, and the best 
 attention paid. 
 
 Rockport has the advantage of almost 
 any other watering place. It is a beauti- 
 ful village, with about three thousand 
 inhabitants ; it abounds in choice fruit. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 249 
 
 and fine vegetables. John Parsons, Esq., 
 has a superior garden of many acres, 
 which contains every variety of choice 
 fruit. It is said by some to be equal to 
 any in the vicinity of Boston. The citi- 
 zens are fast building beautiful situations, 
 and laying out their front yards with fine 
 flower beds. A railroad from the flour- 
 ishing town of Gloucester to Rockport, 
 is anticipated at an early day. 
 
 The people of E-ockport are wealthy, 
 which has been accumulated by industry, 
 and close application to business. We 
 heard an agent remark while residing 
 there, it was one of the most prompt 
 places to meet engagements he had met 
 with. We are much indebted to the 
 kind and amiable family of Dea. Giles. 
 
 There are four societies well united in 
 each other, as has been mentioned in 
 another chapter. 
 
 While there, we visited a large and 
 
250 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 floiu'ishing Sabbatli school ; the superin- 
 tendent, a devotedly pious good man, told 
 us, he had constantly attended the school 
 from the commencement, twenty-eight 
 years, or thereabouts ; and it would be 
 his desire to step out of the Sabbath 
 school into heaven. 
 
 Hull, Mass. 
 
 Hull is one of the most beautiful 
 places m the vicinity of Boston, for a 
 summer retreat. It has two good public 
 houses, for the accommodation of visitors, 
 the Oregon and Mansion. The Oregon 
 is a fine house, and very pleasantly situ- 
 ated ; has a fine view of the sea. It is 
 kept by Mr. E. Gould, Jr., proprietor; 
 an accommodating landlord. The Man- 
 sion House has fine accommodations for 
 bathing, and is too well know^n to the 
 public, to need any commendation. 
 
MISCELLA^^EOUS. 251 
 
 We are indebted to Madam Gushing, 
 and to the ladies of Hull, for their pat- 
 ronage and kindness. May success and 
 prosperity ever attend the good people of 
 Hull. 
 
 Forgiveness. " He is unwise and un- 
 happy who never forgets the injuries he 
 may have received. They come across 
 the heart like dark shadows, when the 
 sunshine of happiness would bless him, 
 and throw him into a tumult that does 
 not easily subside. The demon of hate 
 reigns in his bosom, and makes him of 
 all accountable creatures, the most miser- 
 able. Have you been injured in purse 
 or character"? Let the smiling angel of 
 forgiveness find repose in your bosom. 
 Study not how you may revenge, but 
 return good for evil." 
 
 The sandal tree perfumes when riven, 
 The axe that Laid it low ; 
 
252 MISCELLA^NEODS. 
 
 Let man ^vho hopes to be forgiven, 
 For";ive and bless his foe. 
 
 Detraction. Nothing can be more in- 
 congruous with the spirit of the gospel, 
 the example of Christ, the command of 
 God, and the love of mankind; than a 
 spirit of detraction. And yet there are 
 many, who never seem happy, but when 
 they are employed in this work; they 
 feed and live upon the faults of others. 
 They allow excellence to none ; they 
 depreciate every thing that is praise- 
 worthy. 
 
 O my soul, come thou not unto their 
 assembly, mine honor, be not thou 
 united. — H. Buck. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 253 
 
 Public House in Dover, N. H. 
 
 Opened the Dover Hotel, May, 1816. 
 At the comnienceinent of hotel-keepmg 
 in Dover, we were honored with the 
 wisdom of the Strafford County bar. 
 Hon. Jeremiah Mason, Hon. Jeremiah 
 Smith, Hon. Ichabod Bartlett, and J. 
 P. Hale, with their associates, were 
 inmates, a long series of years at our 
 house. Mr. Mason removed to Boston, 
 some years before his death. It would 
 be in vain for me to speak of Mr. Mason's 
 talents as a counselor at law, he was 
 second to no man. 
 
 Judge Smith, on the bench, was with- 
 out an equal. We have frequently heard 
 gentlemen say they have walked six miles 
 to hear his charge to the jury. 
 
 Judge Woodbury was an excellent 
 man ; in his early days, when attending 
 court, he brought liis Bible. Mr. Wood- 
 
254: MirCELLAlSEOUS. 
 
 bury, as my readers all know, held many 
 important offices in Congress, before ap- 
 pointed judge of tlie United States Court. 
 
 Mr. Bartlett was a talented man, a 
 good counselor. 
 
 Mr. Hale was early cut down ; he was 
 an affable gentleman, and very much be- 
 loved. He was the life of the company 
 in w^hich he was. He was father to 
 the Hon. John P. Hale. 
 
 Tiie above named have passed from 
 scenes of life and activity, to scenes un- 
 known. 
 
 If this humble work should come to 
 the eye of any of those worthy counselors 
 who were inmates of the bar and house 
 at that time, no doubt their recollection 
 will be vivid of those by- gone days. 
 
 Biographi/. 
 
 Dea. Jolm W. Hayes, was eldest son of 
 Aaron Hayes, who was a rcspectabk^ far- 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 255 
 
 mer, whose wife was the granddaughter 
 of the Rev. Jonathan Gushing, as has 
 been mentioned before. The only means 
 of education enjoyed by the subject of 
 this sketch, was in the common and select 
 schools of his native town. By close ap- 
 plication to study, he obtained a good 
 English education ; and for many years 
 was sought unto as a public teacher, and 
 tilled that station in different parts -of the 
 community, with great satisfaction. He 
 was possessed of great amiability of tem- 
 per, very agreeable in his intercourse with 
 his friends. Was chosen Deacon of the 
 lirst Congregational church, over whom 
 his maternal grandfather's ministration ex- 
 tended fifty-two years. It was late in life 
 when he changed his situation ; he mar- 
 ried Miss E-uth Emerson, of Haverhill, 
 Mass., a lady of piety and high respecta- 
 bility. Xo man could enjoy life better 
 than Mr. Hayes after marriage. But he 
 
256 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 was spared but a few years to the partner 
 of his choice. As he saw his dissolution 
 drawing near, he gave his property to his 
 beloved wife, with the exception of two 
 small legacies to young relatives. Dea. 
 Hayes died as he lived, perfectly resigned 
 to the will of his Saviour. ^Irs. Hayes 
 survives her honored husband, and re- 
 sides at the mansion house of her late 
 parents, which is one of the antiquated 
 landmarks in the beautiful and flourish- 
 ing town of Haverhill, Mass. ; where the 
 long tried and much respected William 
 Brown, Esq., has for a quarter of a cen- 
 tury kept one of the best public houses 
 in the New England states. 
 
 Ministry in Dover, N. 7/., from 1812. 
 
 Joseph Ward Clary, fourteenth minis- 
 ter, was born in Rowe, Mass., November 
 21st, 1786 ; graduated at Middlebury 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 257 
 
 College in 1808, received his theological 
 education at Andover, and was ordained 
 pastor of this church, May 7th, 1812 ; 
 whose ministry and church-membership 
 the writer had the privilege of enjoying 
 till he was dismissed by mutual council, 
 August 6th, 1828. 
 
 Mr. Clary was truly " a good and pious 
 mati ;" his field of labor was arduous, but 
 he persevered and sowed the good seed, 
 that since has been cultivated and 
 brought forth fruit. He married Miss 
 Anna Farrar, daughter of the late Judge 
 Farrar, of New Ipswich, N. H. Mrs. 
 Clary was an amiable lady : she was early 
 and suddenly called to change worlds, 
 leaving a kind and affectionate husband, 
 three children, and a large circle of 
 friends to mourn her departure. 
 
 Mr. Clary's second marriage was to 
 the widow of the Rev. Mr. Hall, eldest 
 daughter of Judge Farrar, a pious, active 
 
 22* 
 
258 JIISCELLAISIEOUS. 
 
 Christian, who was a great acquisition to 
 the society. Mr, Clary's marriage added 
 much to his domestic happiness. 
 
 Hubbard Winslow, fifteenth minister, 
 was born in Williston, Vt. ; graduated 
 at Yale College, in 1825 ; received his 
 theological education at New Haven and 
 Andover, and was ordained pastor, Dec. 
 4th, 1828. Mr. Winslow's field of labor 
 was a very promising one. The people 
 had a regard and love for him, and some- 
 how or other, it was in advance, it arrived 
 before he arrived ; there was not a dissent- 
 ing voice. He commenced his labors with 
 great zeal and perseverance, and soon an 
 interesting revival of religion commenced. 
 In the midst of it, his health failed. 
 During the ministry of Mr. Winslow, and 
 previous to the settlement of his suc- 
 cessor, one hundred and seventy-four 
 were added to the church. He was dis- 
 missed by council, November 30th, 1831. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 259 
 
 David Root, sixteenth minister, was 
 born in Pierpont, TSf. H. ; graduated at 
 Middlebury college in 1816 ; received his 
 theological education principally under the 
 direction of Dr. N. S. S. Beman, (now of 
 Troy, N. Y.,) and Dr. I. Brown, of South 
 Carolina ; labored as a missionary some 
 time in Georgia ; was ordained pastor o 
 the second Presbyterian church in Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio, in 1820 ; resigned his charge 
 in 1832, and was installed pastor of the 
 first church in Dover, February 6th, 
 1833. During his ministry one hundred 
 and sixty-five were added to the church. 
 His connection ceased the 4th of Septem- 
 ber, 1839. 
 
 Mr. Poot was a persevering man ; 
 whatever he did, was done with all his 
 might. He was amiable in his disposi- 
 tion, kind and benevolent. "The im- 
 press of his profession was on all his 
 deeds ;" especially for liberty and equali- 
 
260 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 ty, and the abolishing of slavery. After 
 his installation in Dover, he married Miss 
 Mary Gordon, of Portsmouth, N. H., a 
 well educated and refined lady, well cal- 
 culated to assist her husband in his paro- 
 chial duties; was much beloved by all 
 societies, and a great acquisition to her 
 own. 
 
 Jeremiah Smith Young, seventeenth 
 minister, was born in Whitestown, jS". Y. ; 
 received his theological education at An- 
 dover, where he graduated in 1839 ; Avas 
 successor to the Rev. Mr. Root, and was 
 ordained November 20th, 1839 ; his con- 
 nection was dissolved September 4th, 
 18-13, in consequence of ill health. Dur- 
 ing his ministry, one hundred and eighty- 
 three united with the church. 
 
 Mr. Young was an active, enterprising 
 man, he labored zealously in the cause, 
 and but few ministers were more success- 
 ful, as will be seen by the large accession 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 261 
 
 to the church, during the short period of 
 his ministration. 
 
 Mrs. Young was a daughter of the late 
 J. Warland, Esq., of Andover, an amiable 
 lady ; none could visit her but to love 
 and admire her. 
 
 Homer Barrows, eighteenth minister, 
 was born, in Wareham, Mass., December 
 19th, 1806 ; graduated at Amherst col- 
 lege in 1831, and at Andover theological 
 seminary, in 1834; was ordained pastor 
 of the second church in Middleboro', 
 Mass., in 1834; left that place in 1842; 
 was stated supply at Norton, Mass., for 
 three years ; and was installed pastor of 
 this church, July 9th, 1845. His con- 
 nection was terminated by a mutual 
 council, held July 6th, 1852. During 
 his pastorate, fifty-eight were added to the 
 church. Mr. Barrows was installed pas- 
 tor of the Congregational church in 
 Wareham, Mass., October 27th, 1852. 
 
262 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Mr. Barrows was a grave, sober man, 
 a sound preacher, a good parocliial min- 
 ister ; untiring in liis efforts to visit 
 the sick and afflicted, and was very much 
 esteemed and beloved by his people, 
 
 Benjamin Franklin Parsons, the nine- 
 teenth minister of the first parish, was 
 
 born in Wiscassett, ■ 22d, 
 
 1820 ; graduated at Bowdoin college in 
 1841 ; received his theological education 
 at jSTew York, and Bangor; graduating 
 at Bangor Theological Seminary, in 1846. 
 He was ordained as the first pastor of the 
 Congregational church, at Watertown, 
 Wiscassett, June 25th, 1847. Installed as 
 first pastor of the first church at Wauke- 
 gan. 111., November 1st, 1848; resigned 
 his charge in October, 1852, and was 
 installed pastor of this church, January 
 12th, 1853. 
 
 The Bev. Mr. Parsons is a minister of 
 much promise ; was the choice of his 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 263 
 
 people. May his ministration be blessed 
 to them, and they enjoy a long life of 
 Christian love and union together. 
 
 There are but few towns which have 
 been favored with such able ministers as 
 Dover, in all the different religious soci- 
 eties. The Kev. Dr. Lothrop who is now 
 a star in Boston, was one of the beloved 
 ministers of D. Mrs. Lothrop was a 
 daughter of the Rev. Dr. Buckminster, of 
 Portsmouth, N. H. ; is an amiable lady, 
 much beloved and admired by all. 
 
 Rev. John Parkman, a distinguished 
 clergyman, was a settled minister in Do- 
 ver. Mr. Parkman was an independent 
 man in every sense of the word ; he was 
 a fine preacher, and a friend to the op- 
 pressed, and did not fail to declare his 
 true principles in his pulpit. The writer 
 regrets that we are unable to mention 
 the several ministers now residing there, 
 having been absent some time. 
 
264 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Selected for the Curious. 
 
 A Lady Freemason. — The Hon. Eliza- 
 beth St. Leger, was the only female ever 
 initiated into the ancient mystery of free- 
 masonry. How she obtained this honor 
 we shall lay before our readers. Lord 
 Doneraile, Miss St. Leger's father, a very 
 zealous mason, held a warrant, and occa- 
 sionally opened a lodge at Doneraile 
 House ; his sons and some intimate 
 friends assisting ; and it is said that never 
 were the masonic duties more rigidly per- 
 formed than by them. Previous to the 
 initiation of a gentleman to the first steps 
 of masonry, Miss St. Leger, who was a 
 young girl, happened to be in an apart- 
 ment adjoining the room generally used 
 as a lodge-room. This room at the time 
 was undergoing some alterations ; amongst 
 other thing?:, the wall was considerably 
 ro(hiccd in one p v.t. The young lady 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 265 
 
 having heard the voices of the freemasons, 
 and prompted by the curiosity natural to 
 all, to see this mystery, so long and so 
 secretly locked up from public view, she 
 had the courage to pick a brick from the 
 wall with her scissors, and witnessed the 
 ceremony through the two first steps. 
 Curiosity satisfied, fear at once took pos- 
 session of her mind. There was no mode 
 of escape, except through the very room 
 where the concluding part of the second 
 step was still being solemnized, and that 
 being at the far end, and the room a very 
 large one, she had resolution sufficient to 
 attempt her escape that way ; and with 
 light but trembling step glided along un- 
 observed, laid her hand on the handle of 
 the door, and gently opening it, before 
 her stood, to her dismay, a grim and 
 surly tyler, with his long sword un- 
 sheathed. A shriek that pierced through 
 the apartment, alarmed the members of 
 
266 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 the lodge, who, all rushuig to the door, 
 and findrag that Miss St. Leger had 
 been in the room during the ceremony, 
 in the first paroxysm of their rage, her 
 death was resolved on, but from the 
 mooying supplication of her younger 
 brother, her life was saved, on condition 
 of her going through the whole of the 
 solemn ceremony she had unlawfully 
 witnessed. This she consented to, and 
 they conducted the beautiful and terrified 
 young lady through those trials which 
 are sometimes more than enough for mas- 
 culine resolution, little thinking they 
 were taking into the bosom of their craft 
 a member that would afterwards reflect a 
 lustre on the annals of masonry. The 
 lady was cousin to General Anthony St. 
 Leger, governor of St. Lucia, who insti- 
 tuted the interesting race and the cele- 
 biMiod Don caster St. Leger stakes. Miss 
 Sr. Le;>cr married llichard Aldwovth; 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 267 
 
 Esq., of Newmarket, Whenever a bene- 
 fit was given at the theatre in Dublin or 
 Cork, for the Masonic Female Orphan 
 Asylum, she walked at the head of the 
 freemasons with their apron and other 
 insignia of freemasonry, and sat in the 
 front row of the stage boxes. The house 
 was always crowded on these occasions. 
 Her portrait is in the lodge-room of al- 
 most every lodge in Ireland. — Chronicle. 
 
 Fordyce Hitchcock. — What a scene of 
 moral beauty is beheld when a child is 
 seen administering to the comforts of his 
 aged parents. And with truth has it 
 been said, " I defy you to show me a son 
 that has discharged his duty to those who 
 cherished him in infancy, who ever per- 
 manently failed in the honest and lauda- 
 ble pursuits of life." The subject of this 
 sketch affords an admirable illustration 
 of the truth of the above remark. Now 
 
268 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 a prosperous merchant of New York, his 
 aged parents, an impotent brother, and a 
 maiden sister, have long found in him, 
 alike a staff to old age, and a support in 
 affliction. Mr. Hitchcock was born in 
 Danbury, m the state of Connecticut ; 
 and being one of a large family of chil- 
 dren, was early thrown upon his own re- 
 sources, both for his support and educa- 
 tion. Many were the hardships he un- 
 derwent ; but he persevered through 
 them all, and in the darkest hours, he 
 ever " looked towards the light." In 
 1842 he removed to New York city, and 
 in the following year he became mana- 
 gers assistant in the American Museum. 
 In this capacity he served for eight 
 months ; after which, on the departure 
 of Mr. Barnum, the proprietor, for Eu- 
 rope, he assumed the entire management 
 of the concern. His quick and ready 
 judgment enabled him to see, at a glance, 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 269 
 
 the result of every thing connected with 
 his business, together with all its various 
 bearings; and seeing them, his untiring 
 energy and indomitable perseverance 
 carried through every measure he ad- 
 opted, and brought in a golden harvest to 
 the treasury of that establishment. On 
 his retirement from the museum, he car- 
 ried with him the best wishes as well as 
 the sympathies of almost every person con- 
 nected with the establishment ; as was 
 attested by the presentation to him, by 
 the worthy proprietor and employees, of 
 a service of splendid silver plate. 
 
 As a merchant, his habits of industry, 
 urbanity, and benevolence, cannot fail of 
 
 The following is an extract of a letter 
 from John Adams, alluding to the first 
 prayer in Congress: 
 
 Here was a scene worthy of a pamter's 
 
 23* 
 
270 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 art. It was in Carpenter's Hall, Phila- 
 delphia, a building which still survives, 
 that the devoted individuals met to whom 
 this service was read. Washington was 
 kneeling there, and Henry, and Ran- 
 dolph, and Rutlege, and Lee, and Jay ; 
 and by their side stood, bowed in rever- 
 ence, the puritan patriots of New Eng- 
 land, who at that moment had reason to 
 believe that an armed soldiery were 
 wasting their humble households. It 
 was believed that Boston had been bom- 
 barded and destroyed. They prayed fer- 
 vently for " America, for the Congress, 
 for the province of Massachusetts Bay, 
 and especially for the town of Boston ;" 
 and who can realize the emotions with 
 which they turned imploringly to heaven 
 for divine interposition and aid ] " It 
 was enough to melt a heart of stone. I 
 saw the tears gush into the eyes of the old, 
 grave, pacific Quakers of Philadelphia." 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 271 
 
 John Adams' Interview with George III. 
 
 The following is an extract from a let- 
 ter to Mr. Jay, in which Mr. Adams de- 
 scribes Ills first interview with the king. 
 Having been introduced to his majesty 
 by the Marquis of Carmarthen, he says : 
 
 " I went with his lordship through the 
 levee-room into the king's closet ; the 
 door was shut, and I was left with his 
 majesty and the secretary of state alone. 
 I made the references, — one at the door, 
 another about half way, and the third 
 before the presence, — according to the 
 nsaffe established at this and all the 
 northern courts of Europe, and then 
 addressed myself to his majesty in the 
 following words: 
 
 " Sir, the United States have appointed 
 me their minister plenipotentiary to your 
 majesty, and have directed me to deliver 
 to your majesty this letter, which con- 
 
272 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 tains the evidence of it. It is in obedi- 
 ence to their express commands, that I 
 have the honor to assure your majesty of 
 their unanimous disposition and desire to 
 cultivate the most friendly and liberal 
 intercourse between your majesty's sub- 
 jects and their citizens, and of their 
 wishes for your majesty's health and hap- 
 piness, and for that of your royal family. 
 The appointment of a minister from the 
 United States to your majesty's court, 
 will form an epoch in the history of Eng- 
 land and America. I think myself more 
 fortunate than all my fellow citizens, 
 having the distinguished honor to be the 
 first to stand in your majesty's royal 
 presence in a diplomatic character ; and 
 I shall esteem myself the happiest of men, 
 if I can be instrumental in recommend- 
 ing my country more and more to your 
 majesty's royal benevolence, and of re- 
 storing an entire esteem, confidence, and 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 273 
 
 affection ; or, in better words, ' the old 
 good-nature, and the old good-humor,' 
 between people who, though separated by 
 an ocean, and under different govern- 
 ments, have the same language, a similar 
 religion, and kindred blood. I beg your 
 majesty's permission to add, that although 
 I have sometimes before been intrusted 
 by my country, it was never in my whole 
 life, in a manner so agreeable to myself." 
 
 The king listened to every word I said 
 with dignity, it is true, but with an ap- 
 parent emotion. Whether it was the 
 nature of the interview, or whether it 
 was my visible agitation, for I felt more 
 than I could express, that touched him, I 
 cannot say ; but he was much affected, 
 and answered me v/ith more tremor than 
 I had spoken with, and said: 
 
 " Sir, the circumstances of this audi- 
 ence are so extraordinary, the language 
 you have now held is so extremely 
 
274 miscellajS'eous. 
 
 proper, nnd the feelings you have discov- 
 ered so justly adapted to the occasion, 
 that I must say that I not only receive 
 with pleasure the assurances of the 
 friendly disposition of the people of the 
 United States, but I am very glad the 
 choice has fallen upon you to be their 
 minister. I v^ish you, sir, to believe, and 
 that it may be understood in America, 
 that I have done i\othing in the late con- 
 test but what I thought myself indispen- 
 sably bound to do, by the duty which I 
 OAved to my people. I will be very frank 
 with you. I was the last to conform to 
 the separation ; but the separation having 
 been made, and having become inevitable, 
 I have always said, as I say now, that I 
 would be the first to meet the friendship 
 of the United States as an independent 
 power. The moment I see such senti- 
 ments and language as yours prevail, and 
 a disposition to give this country the pre- 
 
MISCELLAM-:oUS. 275 
 
 ference, that moment I shall say, let the 
 circumstances of language, religion, and 
 blood, have their natural and full effect." 
 
 _ Patrick W, Tompkins. 
 
 About forty years ago, somewhere in 
 the woods near the line between Tennes- 
 see and Kentucky, in a log cabin sixteen 
 feet by eighteen, which was already occu- 
 pied by a brood of ten or twelve children, 
 was born a youngster^ the hero of our 
 ske'tch. In his infancy he was fed on 
 hog and hominy, and the flesh of such 
 " wild varmints " as were caught in the 
 woods. At twelve years of age he was 
 put out to work with a neighbor as a 
 farm boy ; drove oxen, hoed corn, raised 
 tobacco in summer, cured it and prized it 
 in winter, till he vras seventeen years old, 
 when he took to makins: brick, to which 
 he added the profession of a carpenter ; 
 
zOd miscellaneous. 
 
 and by the successive steps in mechanical 
 arts, he became able, by his own unas- 
 sisted skill, to rear a house from the clay 
 pit or from the stump, and complete it in 
 all its parts, and to do it too, in a. manner 
 that none of his competitors could sur- 
 pass. His panel doors are to this day 
 the wonder and admiration of all the 
 country in which they continue to swing 
 on their hinges. He never saw the inside 
 of a school-house or church, till after he 
 was eighteen years old. By the assist- 
 ance of an old man in the neighborhood, 
 he learned, during the winter evenings, 
 to read and write, while a farm boy. 
 Having achieved these valuable acquisi- 
 tions, by the aid of another, all his other 
 education has been the fruit of his own 
 application and perseverance. At the age 
 of twenty-one, he conceived the idea of 
 fitting himself for the the practice of the 
 law. He at first procured an old copy of 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 277 
 
 Blackstone, and having, after the close of 
 his daily labors, by nightly studies in his 
 log cabin, mastered the contents of that 
 compendium of common law, he pursued 
 his researches into other elementary 
 works. And having thus, by great dili- 
 gence, acquired the rudiments of his pro- 
 fession, he met with an old lawyer who 
 had quit practice, or whose practice had 
 quit him, with whom he made a bargain 
 for his scanty library, for which he was 
 to pay him one hundred and twenty-nine 
 dollars in carpenter's work; and the chief 
 part of the job to be done in payment for 
 these old musty books, was dressing and 
 laying an old oaken floor and doors, at 
 three dollars per square of ten feet. The 
 library paid for, our hero dropped the 
 adze, plane and trowel, and we soon after 
 hear of him as one of the most prominent 
 members of the Mississippi bar, and a 
 
 noble statesman and orator. " I heard 
 24 ' 
 
278 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 him one clay," says one, " make two 
 speeches in succession, of three hours 
 length each, to the same audience ; and 
 not a movement testified any weariness 
 on the part of a single auditor, and dur- 
 ing their delivery, the assembly seemed 
 swayed by the orator, as reeds by the 
 wind." 
 
 The poor farm boy is at the present 
 time a member of Congress, from Missis- 
 sippi. His name is Patrick W. Tomp- 
 kins ; he is a self-made man, and h"^ 
 history shows what a humble boy can do, 
 when he determines to try. 
 
 The writer has a special interest in 
 selecting this sketch for the Autobiogra- 
 phy, hoping it may encourage some poor 
 boy " to go and do likewise." 
 
 Elhridge Gerry. 
 
 Unfading are the laurels of such men 
 as Elbridge Gerry. He was born at 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 279 
 
 Marblehead, Mass., July 17th, 1744. 
 From his father, a wealthy merchant, he 
 received a liberal education, after which 
 he amassed a considerable fortune by 
 commercial pursuits. Fearless in expres- 
 sion of his sentiments against the op- 
 pression of .the mother country, he was 
 elected a member of the general court of 
 the province, in 1773. He soon became 
 a bold and energetic leader, and was 
 active in all the leading political move- 
 ments, until the war broke out. At the 
 time of the battle of Bunker Hill, he was 
 a member of the provincial Congress, and 
 the night previous to the battle, he and 
 General Warren slept together in the 
 same bed. In the morning they bid each 
 other an affectionate farewell. They 
 parted to meet no more on earth, for 
 Warren was slain on the battle-field. In 
 January, 1776, Mr. Gerry was elected 
 a member of the continental Congress, 
 
280 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 wlien he signed his name to the Declara- 
 tion of Independence. After serving in 
 many important capacities, among which 
 was that of governor of his native state, 
 in 1811, he was elected vice-president of 
 the United States. But before the ex- 
 piration of his term, while at the seat of 
 government, he died suddenly, November 
 23d, 1814, aged seventy years. 
 
 Mrs. Ann Gerry died at New Haven, 
 on the 17th of March, 1849. Mrs. Ann 
 Gerry, aged eighty-six, relict of vice- 
 president Elbridge Gerry, and daughter 
 of the venerable Charles Thompson, the 
 secretary of the revolutionary Congress. 
 She was one of the most elegant and ac- 
 complished ladies of her day. Trained 
 up amidst the scenes of the revolution, 
 she possessed all the energy and firmness 
 of those times. During her husband's 
 absence as ambassador to France, her 
 house was entered by a burglar, when, 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 281 
 
 animated with true courage, she seized a 
 pistol and encountered him ; he iled be- 
 fore her, jumped from a window, broke 
 his leg, and was taken. Her husband 
 died poor ; and to provide for this relict 
 of a signer of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence, and vice-president, her son was 
 appointed surveyor of the port of Boston. 
 A brother in the service of the East India 
 Company, left her a handsome fortune. 
 Col. J. T. Austin, the late accomplished 
 attorney-general of Massachusetts, mar- 
 ried her eldest daughter. — Salem Reg- 
 ister. 
 
 William Elery. 
 
 Born at Newport, Rhode Island, De- 
 cember 22d, 1727; graduated at Harvard 
 College in 1747, at the age of twenty; 
 and afterwards commenced the practice 
 of the law at Newport, where he acquired 
 a fortune. Enjoying the entire confi- 
 
282 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 dence of his fellow citizens, he was soon 
 called into active service in the canse of 
 patriotism. In 1776, he was sent with 
 Stephen Hopkins as a delegate to the 
 general Congress, where he voted for and 
 signed the Declaration of Independence. 
 After holding many honorable offices in 
 his state, he was appointed judge of the 
 supreme court of Ehode Island, where, in 
 connection with Rufus King, of New 
 York, he made strenuous efforts for the 
 abolition of slavery in the United States. 
 After the adoption of the constitution in 
 1788, he was appointed collector of the 
 port of Newport, which office he held 
 until his death. He died on the 15 th of 
 February, 1820. He was a true patriot, 
 and a sincere Christian. 
 
 Morning School in 'Dove?: 
 
 The first private school in Dover, was 
 a morning school, commencing at five 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 283 
 
 o'clock, and ending at eight. We were 
 then teaching the District school through 
 the day, numbering from seventy to 
 eighty scholars. The young ladies who 
 attended the morning school were selected 
 from fine families, and were ambitious 
 each one to obtain useful knowledge. 
 They were intelligent, well instructed, 
 and emulous to excel. One of the num- 
 ber, who was a fine scholar, well versed 
 in mathematics, and a great acquisition 
 to the school, had a property in the hands 
 of a guardian, which she legally came in 
 possession of in the middle of the term. 
 The young lady being full of life, energy 
 and ambition, invested her property in 
 English goods, thinking it would be 
 pretty business to retail silks, muslins, 
 ribbons and lawns. She requested the 
 teacher to take the whole amount of the 
 tuition, as it was necessary ' for her to 
 leave the school on account of business. 
 
6 i'^' 
 
 284 MISCELLANEOUS. ^^ . ' -- ^ 
 
 " I have no doubt but she looked away 
 from the present, the near, the real, away 
 to future, the distant, the ideal." One ^i 
 of the members of that school who is a 
 worthy member of society, and a tender ^ 
 parent, asked the writer in '53, if she | 
 recollected an incident that took place in 
 that school. A rule was established, if 
 any scholar was absent at the school- 
 hour, they should pay a fine ; and in 
 return, the young ladies requested the 
 same obligation to rest on the teacher ; 
 which was cheerfully acceded to. Many 
 of those then young ladies who attended 
 that morning school, are now wives of 
 eminent gentlemen, placed in affluent cir- 
 cumstances, kind, affectionate mothers, 
 and a great acquisition to society. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 ^^X)-^