S^T^ PRESRNTliD BY prick;, 25 CENTS. CONGRESS SPRING Saline-Alkaline Water, Caih art/'c and Alteraiive of High Medicinal Viriues. As a Cathartic — One pint, or less, some thirty min- utes before breakfast. For Indigestion, Dyspepsia, Acid Stomach, Torpid liiver, and inactive condition of the Kidneys — One third of a pint directly after each meal. For Rheumatism, Malaria, Eczema, Scrofu- lous Taints, and all Diseases of the Blood— One quarter of a pint each time, and from four to six times a day. For Insomnia — One half pint just before retiring acts as a Sedative, producing quiet sleep. By its Efficacy, Purity and Acknowledged Sanitary proper- ties, and the happy proportions of its various ALKALINE SAL TS, THE CONGRESS stands UNRII/ALLED. Congress Water — It's popular because it is healthful. It has long been famous for the desired results it brings, and for the clean after- taste it leaves on the palate, an infal- lible test of its purity. At all Druggists, Grocers, Hotels, and Congress Spring Co., SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. SAElTOGi REAL ESTATE Concerning the better class of Real Estate at Saratoga Springs for sale or to let, trustworthy information may be obtained of Lester Brothers Arcade Building SARATOGA / ILLUSTRATED: The VISITOR'S GrUiDE OF SARATOGA SPRINGS. CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ROUTES OF APPROACH, HOTELS, INSTITUTIONS AND BOARDING HOUSES, MINERAL SPRINGS, WALKS, DRIVES, AMUSEMENTS. KACES, REGATTAS, EXCURSIONS, COMMERCIAL INTERESTS, ETC., ETC. WITH A BKIEF HISTOKY OF THE SPRINGS AND VILLAGE. ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS. Copyright, 1887, by Taintok Brothers & Co. NEW YORK : TAINTOR BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, 13 AsToH Place. 1000. LINCOLN SPRING AMERICA'S GREATEST MINERAL WATER. A WONDERFUL SALINE, ALKALINE WATER, Combining the most valuable mineral properties in the happiest solution, and producing a DELICIOUS TABLE WATER Suited to all the purposes of the Dining Table. It, combines Lithia and Magnesia and makes a SPLENDID BLOOD PURIFIER AND STOMACH REGULATOR. It acts finely on the Kidneys and is good for all diseases of the Bladder and Kidneys, and is a GREAT RESTORATIVE AND SLEEP PRODUCER. It is in no way injurious to persons who are well and need no medicine, but may be taken freely by those in good health without any injurious effect. It tends to keep the physical system in good healthy condition. It is bottled at the spring with its own natural Carbonic Acid Gas which is so highly recommended by physicians. IT IS PUT UP IN BOTTLES ONLY, and packed in cases containing two dozen quart bottles or four dozen pint bottles of water. IT IS NEVER SOLD ON DRAUGHT. Send for a Trial Case, Address all orders to LINCOLN SPRING CO., SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. u-iffc. Wm. J. Rhees, "W^^ INDEX. PAGE Adirondack RK 110 Al beuiarle, The :^8 Albion, The 27 Amusements 109 Analysesof Saratoga Waters. . . 41, 42 Arondack Spring 08, 102 Arrowhead, The 89a Balch House 29 Baliston Spa 104 Battle Ground 100 Bicycle Patiis and lioads 113 Boarding Houses and Hotels 32 Boat Races Ill Carlsbad Spring; 57, 103 Car^^ba.!, The.: Sic Champion Spouting Spring (59, 104 Circular Kaiiwav ." 85 Clarendon Hotel 21 Columbian Hotel 20 Columbian S|)rin^ 47 Commercial Hotel, The 26 Commercial Interests. 124 Congress Hall 10 Congress Spring 45 Congress Spring Pai'k 83 Continental Hotel 28 Convention Hall 14 Drives 100 Elmwood Hall 29 Empire Spring 48 Entertaining Wall?s 81 Eureka Spring 73 Everett House 316 Excelsior Paik 80 Excelsior Spring 49 Excursions 110 Fitcliburg Railway 119 Florida Ostrich Farm 114 Floral Parades 112 ( Jeyser Lake 102 (ieysei- Park 56 (;eystr Si>iing .53, 103 (ilen Mitchell: 101 (Jrand liiion Hotel 20 Hamilton Sjjring 57 llathoiii Spring 57 High Rock Spring '. 58 History of Saratoga Springs 126 Hoosac Tunnel Route 119 Hotel American Adelplii 23 Hotel Continental 31c PAGR Hotels 15, 32 Howland House 28 Hnestis House 25 Indian Camp 85 Lafayette Spring 104 Lake Lonely 105 Legends 92 Lincoln Springs 07a Location 5 Luzerne 105 Masrnetic Spring 03 Medicinal Action of the Waters. . . 43 :SIemorial Tablets 108 Mt. McGregor 122 Patterson Spring 03 Pavilion Spring 71 Polo Grounds 112 Prospect Hills of Greentield 105 Red Spring and Bath 01 Saint Faitlfs Hospital 31(; Saratoga Baths 326 Saratoga Carlsl)ad Spring 57', 103 Saratoga Golf Club 112 Saratoga Lake and its Legends ... 89 Saratoga Springs 5 Saratoga Traction Co 115 Saratoga Vichy Spring 05, 102 Saratoga Victoria Spring 70, 104 Seltzer Spring 01 Source of Springs 34 Springs 33, 87 Star Spring 04, 64rt Strong's Sanitarium SO Temple Grove Ladies' Sem 85 The Elms on Grand Avenue 30 The Maples and Annex ,30 The Orient 31a Union Spring 52 Ignited States Hotel 18 Village 8 Walworth Mansion 29 Washburne, The 30 Washington Hall 27 Washiuirton Si)rinir 07 White Sidphiir Springs and Baths. 73 While SulplmrSpriiigs Hotel. ..91. US Windsor Hotel .'. 22 Woodbridge, The 31 Woodlawn Park 88 ^Vorden House 24 v,.^.^. ^.^. ^..^J ,^^.^ ^.-. ^ at 8.40 A.M., and West 22d Street, 9 a.m. 5 ■M X Saea.toga Sprii^gs. CHAPTER I. LOCATION, AND HOW TO REACH IT. Near the eastern edge of the State of New York, U. S. A., and bordered by the Hudson and Mohawk Rivers, lies the ancient county of Saratoga, famous in history and in medical science for its battlefields and healing springs. The village of Saratoga Springs, in the center of the county, and the largest village in it, is known round the globe. Tens of thousands of the fashionable world annually visit this celebrated resort, and the how to get there becomes a question of absorbing interest. In what direc- tion does it lie, and what are the means of access ? From New York it is north 182 miles ; from Boston, west 205 miles ; from Niagara, east 311 miles ; from Montreal, south 202 miles. These are its points of compass, and they readily show its position on the map. These distances are by rail and boat. To aid the more distant tourist, it may be mentioned that Saratoga Springs is distant from Philadelphia 274 miles; Washington, 412; Chi- cago, 841 ; White Mountains, 322 ; Albany, 38 ; Lake George, 35 ; Rutland, Vt., 62. The routes by boat or rail are numerous. Tourists from Europe usually choose New York as a starting. ]3lace for the Springs, as the route includes the Hudson River and gives a choice of boat or rail. The water-route gives 144 miles of steamboat voyaging, of entrancing beauty and grandeur, uiisuri)assed by any river scenery in the world. The Day Line of steamers, during the summer season, make the trip of tht; Hudson River from New York to Albany by day- light, when all the beauty of the river scenery may be enjoyed in very comfortable ease. They leave Pier 89, North (Hudson) River, at 8.40 a.m., and West 22d Street, 9 a.m. 5 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The People's Evening Line, the largest river boats afloat, make the trip in the night, leaving New York, Pier 41, North River, at 6 P.M. Connection is made in the morning at Albany, with Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s R.R., 88 miles to Saratoga. The Citizens' Line of steamers leaves Pier 44, North Eiver, foot of Christopher Street, New York, at 6 p.m., arriving at Troy in the morning, connecting with the Del. and Hud. Canal Co.'s R.H., and Fitchburg R.R. , to Saratoga Springs. The New York Central & Hudson River Raih'oad, following the east bank of the Hudson, takes one from New York to Albany or Troy without change of cars, and, during July and August, drawing-room cars are run through to Saratoga Springs in five hours and a half. The New York, West Shore & Buffalo R. R. runs on the west bank of the Hudson River from New York to Albany, and Schenectady and Sai'atoga Springs. Tourists from Boston have a choice of two routes : 1st. Via the Fitchburg or Hoosac Tunnel Route, to Hoosac Tunnel, Mass., and to Johnson ville, N. Y., thence to Saratoga Springs. Distance, 205 miles. Passengers can diverge at Fitchburg, Mass., via Cheshire R.R., to Bellows Falls, Vt., Rutland Division of Central Vermont R.R., to Rutland, Vt., and the Del. and Hud. Canal Co.'s K.R., to Saratoga Springs. Distance, 230 miles. 2d. Via . Boston and Albany R. R. to Springfield, Mass , and Albany, N. Y., theuce via Saratoga Division of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s R R. to Saratoga Springs. Distance, 240 miles. Passengers by this route can, if they prefer, diverge at South Framingham, via Boston, Clinton, Fitchburg. and New Bedford R.R., to Fitchburg, Mass., thence by Route No. 1. Distance, via Hoosac Tunnel Route, 205 miles ; via Cheshire R.R., 230 miles. Palace ears are run from Boston to Saratoga Springs without change, via all these lines. Passengers from the West may take any route to Buffalo or Niagara Falls, thence by New York Central R.R., or West Shore R R., to Schenectady and Saratoga Springs. The Erie Railway at Binghamton connects with the Delaware anil Hudson Canal Co.'s R.R. to Schenectady and Saratoga. 6 "•33 i 'rS *. /i^'-%.^:. ^^^%. cr'^ SARATOGA ILLUSTRATiJ:D. From Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, the quickest route is to Jersey City, N. J., thence by West Shore R.R.; or to New York, thence by New York Central and Hudson Kiver R.R.. or by steamers on the Hudson River, to Albany or Troy, and thence to Saratoga Springs. From Maine and the Maritime Provinces, rail or boat may be taken to Boston, and thence by Routes 1 or 2 to Saratoga Springs, Or from Portland, Me. , via Portland and Ogdensburg and connec- tions to White Mountains, thence to Burlington, Vt.. thence by steamer on Lake Champlain or Central Vermont R.R. to Ticon- deroga, N. Y., thence by Del. and Hud. Canal Co.'s R.R. to Saratoga Springs, or from Burlington via Central Vermont R. R. to Rutland, thence by Del. and Hudson Canal Co.'s R.R. to Sara- toga Springs. Another desirable route between Portland, Bangor, and the East, and Saratoga, is via the Portland and Rochester N, H. R.R,, Portland to Rochester, and the Nashua and Rochester and Worcester and Nashua R.Rs. to Ayer Junction, Mass., thence by Fitchburg R.R. to Saratoga Springs. From the White Mountains a through palace car is run to Saratoga in one day in summer, via the Wells River and Mont- pelier R.R., Cent. Vt. R.R.. and Del. and Hudson (anal Co.'s R.R., via Wells River, Montpelier, Burlington. Leicester Junc- tion, Ticonderoga. and Whitehall, to Saratoga Springs. Or by Portland and Ogdensburg R.R. from White Mts. to Cambridge and Burlington, Vt., thence by rail or steamer. From Montreal the most direct route is by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s Line to Rouse's Point and Saratoga Springs. Palace cars run from INIontreal to Saratoga and New York. Another route from Montreal is via Grand Trunk R.R. to St. John's, thence via Central Vermont to Rutland, thence via Del. and Hudson Canal Co.'s R.R. to Saratoga Springs. Or, by Grand Trunk R.R. to Rouse's Point, Lake Champlain steamers to Fort Ticonderoga, thence by Del. and Hud. Canal Co.'s R.R. to Saratoga Springs. This latter route is the more delightful, as it takes the tourist through the glorious scenery of Lake Champlain, on the fine steamers of the lake, and also allows a divergence at Fort Ticonderoga, via Lake George. CONVLMIU.N UALL, ON BROADWAY. ;m-' -'.^-kl^.^^^^^^-^^^^^^-^J , , .il^ CHAPTER II. THE VILLAGE. In approaching Saratoga Springs, either from the north or south, the traveler meets with a surprise. The change from open farms to close-built town is abrupt, and the cars are among the houses, and at the station, almost before the fields are missed. From the south, the first intimation is the little group of cottages clustered about the Geyser Springs, perhaps three minutes before the train stops. From the north, Excelsior Park, the towers and the mansard roofs of the great hotels, flash past just as the brakes begin to pull up for the depot. In either case the train glides along the same covered platform, and "Sara- toga" is announced. The intelligent brakeman knows the sta- iion is really " Saratogar Springs," but, with that freedom for which he is famous, he clips the "Springs." Saratoga is quite another place. This is Saratoga Spi'ings, properly so called. The long platform swarms with Importunate hackmen, and, . were it not for good policing, the arrival would be a trifle for- midable. The passenger may provide for the transportation of his baggage, before he reaches the depot, by giving up his checks to the agent of the Saratoga Baggage Express, wdiich transports baggage to any part of the town for the small sum of twenty-five or fifty cents, and is a I'egvdarly organized and responsible con- cern. Or he can hand his checks to the hotel porter at the sta- tion, who will attend to the transportation of the baggage for you. To find the porter of your house, a glance at the row of signs overhead will show just where the correct man stands, and where you should go to find him. Each liolel has a reliable man under its sign, and the l)adge on his hat will maUe the assui-ance sure. Give him your checks, and then take the omnibus or walk to the hotel. The most distant boarding-house in the viHage is not more than four blocks away. Opposite the station rise the '8 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. long, massive walls of the United States Hotel, and the street be- side it leads one to the left, directly upon Broadway, the main thoroughfare of the village. Reaching this street, with the United States on the southern corner (right), and the Worden on the northern (left) corner, we find ourselves in the center of the town, on the wide avenue called Broadway. The street runs up to the north, or left, and down to the south, or right. The United States, Adelphi, American, Grand Union, Congress Hall, Columbian, Clarendon, Windsor, Heustis, and Everett are to the right ; the Worden, Holden, Walworth, Washington Hall,- Broadway Hall, and Davardo are to the left, and each faces Broadway. The Kensington is one block east of Congress Spring, on the corner of Regent Street and Union Avenue. Dr. Strong's Sanitarium is on Circular Street, two blocks east of Broadway. Having found one's house, and a little leisure, it may be in order to look at the village. Saratoga Springs is a village of hotels and dwelling-houses. There are few or no manufactories, and its streets seem devoted to elegant leisure or abundant shopping. Its surface is mainly level, except where a shallow valley winds in a general northeasterly direction through the center. Through this runs a little brook, and by its banks, at the bottom of the valley, may be found several of the mineral springs. On either side of this valley the ground is level, and forms the top of a piece of elevated tableland a mile or two in diameter. It is evident that a " fault " occurred here in the geo- logical formation ; for, on the west side of this valley, the foundation rock underlying the plateau crops out to the surface, while on the east side, for several feet, nothing but sand is found. The principal street is Broadway, extending a little east of north through the entire village, and making the grand drive and promenade, where all the life, business, and pleasui-e of the place may be seen in a five-minutes' walk. Away from this center there is nothing but houses, cottages, and villas, each in prim fashion facing its quiet, shady street— a village of homes. Broadway is peculiar and original. The hotels, the elegant stores, the fine rows of trees, the broad borders of sod, and the throng of carriages and people that crowd its walks and roads, 9' BROADWAY, FROM PORCH OF UNITKD STATES HOTEL. SUMMER AND WINTER. sakatoctA illustrated. present a spectacle unlike anything else in the world. Newport and Interlaken, Ems and Long Branch, have their special charms, but nowhere is so much of caravansary and general splendor con- centrated in so limited a space. No other resort can show twr such palaces as the Grand Union and Congress Hall, facing each other on one street. There is great architectural glory ; but tho American likes grandeur, and here he has it, in a profusion per- fectly dazzling. There is a slight bend in the street, in the neigh- borhood of Congress Hall, and standing here, one may look in either direction, and feel a natural pride in his country, that such monuments to American wealth, skill, and culture can be taken in at a single glance. Certainly, there is but one Saratoga in the world. Five minutes' walk, up or down Broadway, takes one past all the great houses and the best stores. Congress Park and its springs give a rural aspect to the avenue, and the stately rows of trees afford agreeable shade. The walks are good, and the road well kept. Thousands crowd the way in elegant attire, and there is a world of faces and things to see and admire. The throng of carriages passes in brilliant procession, flowers and elegant drap- ery fill the windows and frame the faces looking out, making a bit of realistic fairy-land that wins the attention at every step. The view of the village from the top of the large hotels or the Town Hall is very delightful. The numerous shade trees give the town the appearance of a very beautiful forest city, and the view will fully repay the slight trouble of a few steps to one of these elevations. Away from Broadway one sees home-life, quiet or gay, sober or festive, in countless houses, stretching through well-swept shady streets in endless variety. Round all is the charming open country, with woods, lakes, and meadows, and with mountain ranges to fringe the blue horizon. Evei-y house has its own gar- •den, and grass is freely used as a general outdoor carjDet and em- broidery. Many of the houses are of brick, and all exhibit a re- freshing freedom of design, as if the owners had their own ideas of comfort, and meant their homes to express themselves. If they do, the Suratogicins are a goodly people, cleanly, hospitable, and agreeable. Everything is as neat as wax, and there is an air 10 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. of elegant finish about the houses and gardens that is infinitely suggestive and comforting. The attractions of Saratoga as a residence are being appreciated by some of the wealthier classes, and already several prominent families from the large cities have established their residence here. Nor are sanitary essentials neglected. With all the paint and TT^f^- J-, mMfrnM WIJ L Milil THE TOWN HALL. tarnish, sod-work and gilding, there is no slighting of the unseen works upon which the health and well-being of every town must be built. Excelsior Lake furnishes abundant supplies of pure water, and. by the use of the Holly system of waterworks, it is delivered at every door for domestic and fire purposes. Every street is lighted with gas. and ample sewerage woi'ks have been provided, and the place is perfectly secure from all danger of typhoid visitations. 11 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Using the front steps of Congress Hall as a convenient pivot upon which to turn to find the chief points of interest, the springs, churches, etc., may be noticed as follows : The Post-Office is in the Arcade, on Broadway, nearly opposite the United States Hotel, with entrances on Broadway and Phila Street. The Town Hall is on tlie east side of Broadway, on the corner of Lake Avenue, the fourth block to the right, and is used for the offices of the village authorities. The large room oa the second floor is used for public meetings, conventions, etc. The churches of Saratoga Springs are commodious and elegant. The various pulpits are often filled during tlie summer season by eminent divines from other parts of the country. The Methodist church, a handsome brick structure, is on the north side of Washington Street, near Broadway. The Episcopal church is on Washington Street, and directly in the rear of the Grand Union Hotel. The Presbyterian church, a large brick building with a tall spire, is next north of the Town Hall, and in the fourth block to the right, on the same side of the street. The First Baptist church is on Washington Street, beyond the Methodist church. To reach it, cross to the walk in front of the Grand Union Hotel, turn to the right, and take the first left. The Second Baptist church is on Regent Street. The Congregational church is on Caroline Street. The Roman Catholic church is located on South Broadway, corner of William Street, and opposite the Clarendon Hotel. The Second Presbyterian Church is on the corner of Regent and Spring Streets. Spring Street joins Congress Hall on the right, and the church is in the fourth block from the hotel. The Free Methodist chapel is located on Regent Street, the third street east of Congress Hall. The hours cf service and the names of the pastors may be found in the Satui'day edition of the Saratoga daily papers. The Young Men's Christian Association has fine rooms in the Shackelford Building, on Broadway opposite Washington Street. The Temple Grove Seminary is located at the junction of Spring and Circular Sti-eets. Follow Spring Street, from the north side of Congress Hall to the second cross street. 13 Methodist C'liUKcir, krom top of Grand Union Hotel. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. To find the springs quickly, the visitor may start from Con- gress Hall as follows : Congress and Columbia Springs, turn to left ; Hathorn and Hamilton Springs, take first turn to right, from Broadway ; Putnam Spring and Patterson Spring, follow Broadway to right a few steps to the second street (Phila) and then turn to the right ; Pavilion Spring, follow Broadway to third turn to right ; Magnetic, Seltzer, High Rock. Star, and Empire Springs, follow Broadway to sixth turn to right ; the second turn to left will then lead to steps above the springs. To find the Old Red and Saratoga "A"' Springs, take same route as for Empire Spring and walk on past it along edge of brook. Washington Spring is easily reached from Congress Hall by walk- ing one block to the left. It is in the grounds of the Clarendon Hotel. Excelsior Spring is more distant, and may be reached from the Old Red Spring by following the town-road to the right, past the Water- works. The Oeyser, Champion, Kissingen, Vic- toria, Vichy, Carlsbad, Lafayette, and other springs in that group are about twenty minutes' walk to the south. To reach them, turn to left and follow South Broadway to Ballston Avenue, opposite the end of Congress Park. This road turns off to the right, diagonally, and the walk, though sunny, is pleasant and easy. Or take the electric cars at corner of Broadway and Con- gress Street, and a ride of eight or ten minutes will bring you to The Geysers. The Race Course is perhaps eight or ten minutes' walk to the east of Congress Hall. East Congress Street, on the south side of the hotel, leads directly to the wide avenue known as Union Avenue, and the grand entrance is easily found on the right, near the end of the fifth block from Congress Hall. To reach Woodlawn Park, which is the private property and con- tains the residence of the late Hon. Henry Hilton, and whose elegant grounds are open to the public, go north from Congress Hall along Broadway, about three-fourths of a mile, where you will notice the principal entrance. This is the largest private park in America, and has more than twice the area of Central Park, New York. There are about thirty miles of smooth, hard roads winding through its picturesque confines, and many beautiful vistas of forest, lawn, and lake adorn the charming landscape. 13 toa^' -I SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Convention Hall, erected in 1893 by the citizens of Saratoga at a cost of more f.han $100,000, is on the east side of South Broadway, on the block between the entrance to Congress Spring Park and the Windsor Hotel. It is a massive and strong building, constructed chiefly of brick and iron. It has a high tower, and is a handsome building, and well arranged for the purpose for which it was constructed. It is probably the best structure of this sort in the State, and is admirably adapted to meetings of large assemblies. There is probably no convention hall in the State so admirably planned and well adapted to its purpose as this one. Its large hall is admirably ventilated and is very comfortable. It is well lighted by daylight, and at night is brilliantly illuminated by a large number of electric lights. It is provided with ample exits, that can be quickly utilized in case of a fire or panic. The acous- tic properties are perfect, and, notwithstanding the large dimen- sions, a person of little strength of voice can be heard in all parts of the audience-room. The building is heated throughout by steam, and has a double lighting of electricity and gas. Besides the large assembly-room it contains thirty rooms for the use of committees, all supplied with running water ; a re- porters' room, and a room for telegraph operators and instru- ments. The stage platform of the main hall will seat 200 persons. On either side of the stage is a band gallery, with sittings for thirty persons in each. Directly in front of the stage in the main hall is the reporters' platform. The main floor of the hall, which will seat 1,000 persons, is several feet below the level of the stage. Directly from this floor spring seventeen rising rows of seats, containing 1,800 chairs, and above these is an equally convenient and desirable gallery, which will seat 1,200 persons or more. There are single opera chairs for 5,000 persons and ample space for 2,000 more, if needed. The hall is handsomely decorated, arrd with its liberal appointments is one of the most admirable assembly-rooms to be found in this country. 14 '^ /' f^v W«^li ^WJ^J' K IN ANB ABOUT SARATOGA. CHAPTER III. THE HOTELS. The hotels at Saratoga Springs are among the largest, the most costly, elegant, and comfortable in the world. For nearly a cen- tury people have journeyed to these springs, to drink tiieir healing waters ; and, as one day's visit is hardly worth the while, they have sought a home here during the summer season. It is this that has caused the village to open its doors so freely, and to build up, from a small begkining, a system of hotels and boarding- houses unlike anything else to be found. Added to this came, in time, the demands of the merely pleasure-seeking, fashionable world. People came to the springs for the sake of the gay com- pany gathered here, and from year to year the hotels have grown, expanding their wings and adding room beyond room, till they cover acres of ground, and the halls and piazzas stretch out into miles. They have a bewildering fashion here of repeating the wondrous tale of these things. They talk about the miles of carpeting ; the thousands upon thousands of doors and windows ; the hundreds of miles of telegraph wires ; vast acres of marble floors, and tons of eatables stored in the pantries, till one is lost in bewildering confusion. It is all true, and that is the wonder of it. The management that governs it all is more remarkable thnn the gilding and mirrors. It is a sort of high scieace, une((ualed in the world, combining the "ease of mine inn," and a perfection of detail and freedom from friction that is as pleasant as it is wonderful. Saratoga's face is her fortune, and it is said that the entire town devotes its days /met nights to the comfort of the tourist. The^ tourist should be indinnl happy. If he is not, it is safe to say it is his own fault. In speaking of these hotels, the four great houses are mentioned first. The smaller ones are noticed in the order of their size. The numerous boarding-houses will be considered in the next chapter. 15 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Congress Hall Is built on the site of the old and famous hotel of the same p^>^e which was burned in 1866, and occupies the larger part o^ the square bounded by Broadway, East Congress, Spring and Put- nam Streets. Its situation is in the very center of the gaj and fashionable hotel world of Saratoga, and is admirably arrj'Qged for seeing all the attractive phases of the "great watcring- pJace " life. Its frontage on Broadway, the principal str« et of the town, is 416 feet, with a high promenade piazza 20 feel wide and 249 feet in length, commanding a view of the most b« dliant portion of Saratoga. From the Broadway front two in-mense wings, 300 feet long,- extend to Putnam Street, the n( cthern wing, running along Spriag Street and overlooking the eel brated Hathrrn and Hamilton Springs on one side, and with the central wing which runs parallel with it, enclosing a very beautiful garden-plot. The southern front commands a full view of the famous Congress and Columbian Springs, and the beautiful Con- gress Park, owned and adorned by the Congress Spring Company. Ample piazzas extend around the back of the hotel, overlooking the grass and garden-plots of the interior court, afford- ing cool and shady retreats in the afternoon, when entrancing music is discoursed by one of the best hotel bands in Saratoga. Congress Hall is built in the most substantial manner of brick with brown-stone trimmings, and presents one of the most grace- ful architectural appearances in Saratoga. Its walls are 20 inches thick and hollow in the center, thus securing great strength and protection from heat of summer. The roof is a Mansard, with three pavilions, which afford wide and delightful views from the jiromenades on top. Interior fire-walls are provided to pre- vent the spread of tire, and Otis elevators afford easy access to all the floors of the house. The rooms are all large, high and well ventilated, and properly provided with annunciators, gas, etc. The halls, dining-rooms, parlors, and offi.ces are of grand proportions, and are furnished with an elegance that bespeaks comfort and neatness in all its departments. The ventilation of the dining-room and kitchen has been much improved, and a Steam Heating Apparatus introduced on the main floor for use whenever changes in the temperature require it. Hot and cold 16 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. water have been carried to every floor, and a large number of baths and closets added for the convenience of guests. There has also been a complete renovation of the furniture, and the rooms, halls, and parlors have been recarp-oted, and 200 rooms refurnished throughout and the walls refinished. The public parlors have been refurnished with new Wilton carpets, and the reception rooms, office and dining-room renewed. The kitchen department has been thoroughly reorganized at a large expense, and will this year be made equal to the best. The office has been tiled and greatly improved. The laundry ha& been greatly improved and its facilities increased. The rooms of Congress Hall are large, and afford as pleasant, healthy and convenient apartments as can be found in any hotel in Saratoga, and will accommodate over 1,000 guests in the most comfortable style. The beds are the easiest and best spring and hair mattresses to be found in this country, and ample presses, closets, etc., afford all desirable conveniences. The ball-room of the Congress is one of the finest in Northern New York, being most exquisitely frescoed and adorned with costly chandeliers and ornaments. It is in the block across Spring Street, but is connected with the north wing of the hotel by a light, graceful iron bridge suspended over the street, covered and protected, which, when illuminated on hop nights, is very picturesque. Congress Hall is favored with a superior class of visitors, which annually includes the finest families of our metropolitan cities. In 1878, Mr. W. H. Clement, of Cincinnati, Ohio, President of the Cincinnati and Southern K. E. Co., and Mr. John Cox, ©f New York, gentlemen of large means, purchased Congress Hall and have since added many improvements. Mr. H. S. Clement has leased the house for the season of 1900, and will maintain its previous popular and efficient management. He has attained distinction as a manager of first-class hotels, and was proprietor of Congress Hall in its palmiest days, when it stood without a rival in Saratoga. The great success of Congress Hall is com- plete proof of the efficiency of the management. Owing to the very low purchase price of the hotel, the proprietor feels able to keep up the standard of style of iis former glorious years and yet make the lowest possible and present popular rates. Open from Julv 3d to October 1st. 17 \ i'' * '^. r /^> SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The United States Hotel. As Saratoga is the paradise among American summer resorts, so is the noble United States Hotel in its very midst one of the most inviting and delightful known to our pleasure world. With its stately architecture, spacious appointments, columned piazzas, enchanting park or court, and the picturesque shade of the em- bowering trees that surround the premises, the beauty and re- pose of the United States beggars one's descriptive powers. The plant occupies several acres, and the premises bespeak that rare refinement that attaches only to traditional and cultured clientage. The United States is the hotel of American royalty at Saratoga, among its habitues being the Vanderbilts, Belmonts, Rhinelanders, McAllisters, Works, Bennetts, Morgans, and other distinguished first families. The history of the house dates from 1824, when the original structure was built and opened, by Pi- oneer John Feid. The United States Hotel had but one change of proprietors until the old house burned down in 1865. Mr. Feid's successors were the Messrs. Thomas J. and James M. Marvin, the latter being now over eighty years of age. The new United States was finished and opened in 1874, and has been under the continuous management of the Messrs. Gage and Perry, wlio have grown up in the house and harness. It is the only Saratoga hotel that has not changed hands in a quarter of a cen- tury, with the result that the Messrs. Gage and Perry enjoy the acquaintance and aft'ection of probably the largest number of summer resorters of the desirable class in this country. . The United States Hotel is a six-story structure, surrounding a spacious court filled with stately forest trees that picturesquely spread their beautiful branches over a landscaped lawn and neatly-groomed promenades, lined, with inviting settees and broad verandas, that are as retired and reposeful as if in the country. The architectural arrangement of the hotel proper and cottage annex is such that every suite and room is light and cool, with alternating sunshine and shade. The great piazzas, parlors, and dining-room accommodate a thousand patrons each, without congestion or confusion, and tlie scene during a dinner, concert, or ball is one that the spectator never forgets. The proprietors, William B. %ige and Dr. John L. Perry, 18 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. who have been identified with the management of the United States since the present structure was erected, are thorough hotel men, and there is nothing in the business worth knowing that they do not understand. The United States occupies a foremost place among the largest hostelries of the world, yet every detail is looked after with the care used in a private residence. Steam heat, porcelain baths, and scientific lavatories are now features of the famous United States cottage annex. The far-famed cottage wing contains many cottages with noble and homelike suites of from two to five rooms each, with the latest bath and toilet, large closets, and generous halls and piazza spaces. The cottage feature of the United States Hotel is unique, and far excels anything of the kind in the resort world. The neatness of the premises in every detail is exceptional, and accounts for the popularity of the "States" with resort con- noisseurs. There are sixty suites in the cottage wing, and every one is invariably reserved in advance for the season. To say that the service and cuisine of the United States Hotel are unequaled is a figure of speech which does not convey to the mind the absolute perfection of these important features of hotel management. The patrons of the "States" will fi.nd upon the menu card a variety which not only includes the standard dishes, but every delicacy and specialty of the season, and each "cooked to a turn." Its force of cooks, waiters, and servants would make a good-sized regiment, and, under competent direc- tion, they render a service which is as perfect as one would expect to find in the best appointed homes of wealth. The sources of amusement at Saratoga are many and varied. A more beautiful golf course is not to be found anywhere than that at Saratoga, and guests of the United States Hotel may easily secure tickets entitling them to the privileges of the links. There has also been organized a Polo Club, and its grounds are not only exceedingly beautiful and picturesque, but admirably adapted to this brilliant and manly sport. The beautiful lake and the drives to it are a constant source of pleasure and recreation. The racing association holds a brilliant meeting at Saratoga, and all these things, with, the many more quiet recreations of the place, make the days go merrily. 19 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Grand Union Hotel. This palatial hotel and its grounds occupy the square bounded by Broadway, Congress, Federal and Washington Streets, in the very center of the town. It is a magnificent structure of brick and iron of modern style, with a street frontage of 2,400 feet It is one of the largest and most elegantly furnished water- ing-place hotels in the world. Along its entire Broadway front of 800 feet runs a graceful iron piazza, three stories high, affording a splendid promenade which overlooks the liveliest portion of Broadway, and the beautiful Congress Park and Spring. The main entrance and office is at the center of the Broadway front, in the rotunda, which is eighty feet in diameter, and extends to the top of the house, with balconies on each of the five stories overlooking the entrance and grand saloon about the office. To the left of the office are reception-rooms and the grand saloon parlor, which is beautifully decorated and furnished. Beyond the drawing-room are other small private parlors, and to the right in the Congress Street wing, is the spacious and ele- gant dining-hall, 60 feet wide, 275 feet long, beautifully frescoed and furnished with splendid mirrors. The rooms of the hotel are elegantly furnished, and many are arranged in suites for family use. Three elevators are now in operation, and guosts are conveyed to and from the five floors with the utmost ease and despatch. The hotel fronts on three streets, thus affording a large number of outside rooms while the rear rooms open upon the handsome interior court square, beautifully adorned with trees, shrubs and flowers, presenting a delightful view of genuine artistic landscape gardening. The fine ball-room, 60 x 85 i'eet, built in 1876, is beautifully frescoed, and adorned with balconies. Yvon's grand Centen- nial picture, " The Genius of America," painted expressly for the late Mr. Stewart, occupies one entire end of the room. Con- certs are given every morning on the piazzas of the hotel, and dances on occasional evenings in the ball-room. Lund'.s superb orchestra is engaged for th'e season. • A Ladies' Kestaurant and Caf^ is a feature of the Grand Union. Billiard-lables and read- ing-rooms and all facilities that conduce to entertainment are provided. Messrs. Woolley & Gerrans are the proprietors. 20 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Clarendon Hotel. This celebrated hotel is located at tlie highest point on Broad- way, and overlooks the unique Ponipeia, the great Conven- tion Hall (the finest in America), and the beautiful Congress Spring Park. It fronts on three streets, and the rooms which do not face the street look out upon the handsome park enclosed within its grounds, with the picturesque pavilion of the cele- brated Washington Spring in the center. The water of the spring, popularly called " The Ladies' Champagne," is free to all the guests of the house. It contains some iron and other pi'operties highly invigorating and curative. The appointments of The Clarendon are all that could be desired. The rooms are spacious and elegantly furnished, and are arranged singly or en suite with or without private bath ; are light, airy, pleasant and well furnished and supplied with all modern improvements — an elevator running night and . day making one floor as desirable as another. Hot and cold water baths, large parlors, ball-room, commodious piazzas and grounds join in adding to the comfort a?id enjoyment of guests. The court-lawn is an ideal playground for the children, while the large and home-like parlors and reception rooms are all perfectly adapted to the social enjoyment which is one of the chief charms of a home for summer recreation. The Clarendon is famous for the refined and homelike atmos- phere that pervades the whole establishment, and it is conducted by capable and experienced proprietors, who understand the requirements of the best hotel patronage. Messrs. Palmer and MacDowell conduct The Clarendon in the same liberal and satis- factory manner that they do the Brighton Hotel at Long Branch and the Magnolia House at St. Augustine, Florida. Guests of formei' seasons will find the house much improved in the way of new furnishings, decorating, painting, etc. The cuisine will be under the personal supervision of Mr. Pal- mer, which will assure good service and perfect satisfaction in this department. A first-class orchestra has been engaged for the season. Terms: $3.50 and upwards per day; weekly, |14 and u])wards, with special rates to families. 21 SAKATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Windsor Hotel. The Windsor has the choicest location of the Saratoga hotels. It is situated on the brow of the hill adjoining and overlooking Congress Spring Park, with which it is connected by an entrance directly from the grounds of the hotel. Guests will appreciate this great advantage, especially those having children and thost» who resort to Saratoga to drink the waters of this famous Spring, &4c/r<'^^'" To those who desire to enjoy the life-giving air and waters of Saratoga, amid luxurious surroundings, and who seek to avoid the bustle and confusion of the larger hotels, the Windsor offers special attractions. This hotel serves a late dinner, during the service of which music is rendered in an adjoining apartment. The rooms of the hotel are arranged en suite and single, and offer most elegant accommodations for families. Wide verandas on every floor make the richly furnished rooms doubly attractive. The hotel is supplied with every accessory demanded by modern refinement of living, including scientific plumbing, steam heat, incandescent electric lights, etc., etc. This hotel employs white servants only. It is a strictly high-class house, and its cuisine and service are unexcelled. Mr. R. G. Smyth manages the hotel. It is open until October 1st. 22 THE COTTAGE ROW," UNITED STATES HOTEL. THE GRAND SALON, UNITED STATKS lloTKL. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Hotel American-Adelphi is situated on Broadway at the head ot Phila Street, in the very centre of the viUage, and in the midst of tlie brilliant spectacle of Saratoga's summer life. It is composed of two famous hotels in one, the American and the Adelphi, adjoining and connected with one another and united under one management It is within three minutes' walk of the Delaware & Hudson Railroad Station and the Fitchburg Railroad depot, the Hoosac Tunnel Route, and the leading mineral springs of this celebrated spa, so celebrated for their health-preserving and health-restoring prop- erties. The Congress, Columbian, Ilathorn, Patterson, Vichy, Saratoga Kissingen, Geyser and other springs are either a few steps from this hotel, or have depots near it where their waters can be obtained. The hotel also supplies spring waters that are ordered. The house now has an imposing frontage of about 200 feet on Broadway. Broad and spacious piazzas extend along the whole front of the house, commanding charming views of the brilliant pageant of handsome equii)ages that pass along Broad- way in ceaseless procession during the entire day. No place in Saratoga is more nearly in the centre of its fashionable life and affords a better opportunity to see what goes on in -the town than the piazzas of the American-Adeli)hi. The views from these piazzas present the most brilliant i)icture of sumuu'r life. 23 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Worden Hotel is situated on the corner of Broadway and Division Street, directly opposite the United States Hotel, in the center of the liveliest part of Saratoga. Its broad, well-shaded piazza on the front of the house affords a delightful view of Broadway. Die fashionable drive. The finest equipages pass the house in unceas ing panorama, and afford constant entertainment and delight to its guests. The Worden commands the finest views of all the hotels of Broadway, the principal promenade. A long, wide piazza has been recently built on the north side of the house, affording a delightful shady retreat from the morning summer sun. It is one of the best-constructed hotels in Saratoga. The building is of brick and is five stories high, surmounted with a mansard roof. and,presents a very neat exterior on the fashionable avenue of the town. Fronting, as it does, the two prominent streets, Broadway and Division Street, its rooms are particularly desirable, as they command views of the liveliest portion and the business center of the village. The recent improvements are of the most modern cotistruction, and the appointments are equal to those of any of the first class hotels of Saratoga. It is hand- somely and comfortably fitted up and admii-ably conducted. Its centi-al location, together with its convenience to' the railroad station, make it a very desirable hotel for commercial travelers as well as tourists. It is provided with a reading and writing room for the convenience of its patrons, and a new elevator. The Worden has become very popular with both summer resi dents and transient visitors, who appreciate comfort, quietness, good food, never-failing courtesy and attention, at very reason able prices. The hotel is but two minutes" walk from the rail- road depot, where a representative meets every train. A free omnibus conveys guests to and from the hotel. The Worden will accommodate 300 guests, and is open all the year ronnd. Its price for board and rooms is $8 |)(M- day. Mr. W. W. Worden is the proprietor, and persons desiring to engage rooms and obtain further information should address him at Saratoga Springs, New York. 24 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Huestis House. This popular summer house, open from May L5 to November 1, is finely situated on South Broadway, within one block of the Congress and Columbian Springs, and two blocks from the Hathorn Spring. It is on the block next south of the new Con- vention Hall, and of the beautiful Congress Spring Park. South Broadway is one of the liveliest and handsomest portions of Saratoga, and the rooms and piazzas of the Huestis House, shaded by splendid old elms, afford unceasing entertainment and recrea- tion to the patrons of this elegant and delightful summer hotel. A procession of splendid and fashionable equipages pass this house during the popular hours for driving. The Huestis House has been under the same management for the past thirty-tive years, and has accommodations for 200 guests. It is a select family hotel, first class in all respects, and offering many unique and superior attractions as a home for those who seek rest and recreation. Its patrons are among the leading citizens of all parts of the country, thus making the social life delightful throughout the season. The house is furnished in modern style, rooms single or en suite, well ventilated, and supplied with the best electric annun- ciators, incandescent lights, bathrooms, and other modern im- provements. The parlors are large and handsomely furnished, and provide many a quiet corner for whist, for those whose dancing days are over, while the S[)lendi(l dining-room, with its floors waxed to perfection, is turned over in the evening to the younger guests, who have made the Huestis House "hops" such a delightful feature of the Saratoga social season. Steam heat has been introduced and extended throughout the house, so that the cool and rainy days never bring the chilly air to any part of the establishment. Many of the rooms are also supplied with open wood fireplaces. The dining-room is very commodious and cheerful, and will seat over 200 guests. The children's ordinary supplies a separate dining-room for chil- dren and nurses. The cuisine is excellent, and the mode of serv- ice unexcelled. The Huestis House is conducted in the Lest style in every department and is justly very largely patronized. Mrs. M. B. Montgomery, Proprietor, Saratoga Springs, K. Y. 25 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Columbian HoteL This excellent hotel is charmingly located on Broadway, in the central part of the village, opposite the new Convention Hall and the beautiful Congress Spi'ing Park. The famous Congress, Columbian, and Hathorn Springs are but a few steps from the hotel, and the principal springs that are situated outside the vil- lage have attractive parlors quite near, in which their waters are furnished. Its location is very central, and on the liveliest part of Broadway. The procession of fine turnouts that daily passes the Columbian during the season is* magnificent, and furnishes a constant entertainment to its patrons who occupy the piazzas and rooms of this delightful resort. The central location of this house, its nearness to the principal springs, and its easy access to the Saratoga Traction Company's line of electric cars that run to Saratoga Lake and to Kayadoross Park, Geyser Spring and Ballston Spa, which are the chief trips of interest around Saratoga, make it a very desirable hotel for those who wish to enjoy Saratoga's principal attractions. The Columbian is built of brick and has accommodations for 250 guests. The I'ooms are large, pleasant, light, airy, and well-fui-nished. There are a large number of connecting apart- ments, suitable for families, and none of the rooms are dark or inferior. The house has recently been supplied with modern plumbing, and the sanitary regulations are now the most modern and perfect known to sanitary science. The parlors are cheerful, the dining-hall is spacious, and the halls wide and commodious. The piazzas are 250 feet in length, and afford a charming promenade. Mr. T. Bernard Scanlin, proprietor, has had several years' experience in the hotel business, having been connected with the Rowland and Scarboro Hotels at Long Branch, for the past three seasons, and the Ashton Hotel of New York City. Mr. W. J. Low assists him as manager, and the hotel is very popular. Th(> cuisine is unsurpassed. A new feature in connection with lli(> liotcl will he a ladies* and gentlemen's cafe, also news-stand aiiil bicycle room. Hotel 'bus meets all trains. The hotel opens for the season on June 15th. Bates, $2 to $4 per day ; $14 to |21 per week. Special rates for July and September. 26 L --I is,' ## w. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Albion House at 72 Maple Avenue, one block east of Broadway, is kept by K. M. Brennan, who has occupied this house for the last five years. It is a family hotel, very convenient to the IIii]i;h Rock, Star, Empire and other })rincipal springs. The house is neat and homelike, and the table is supplied with as good as the market affords. Tl is a well kept house with moderate prices. Rates, $7 to $12 per week, and $2 per day. Washing'ton Hall is an old-established and select boarding-house, charmingly located on North Broadway, in the best residence section of the village. The rooms are bright, airy, and well furnished. The house is supplied with sanitary {)lumbing, and is in every respect a well-managed and attractive house of entertainment. A broad, higli piazza, extending the entire front of the house, commands a beautiful view of tlic principal stivct of Saratoga, Washington Hall draws its guests fi-oiu the licsi class of visitors that come to Sai-atoga: Spi'ings. The tabic is excellent. The rates of board are from $10 to $2.") jiei- week, according to the rooms occupied. For terms, address 31 rs. A. J. Starr, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 27 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Howland House is on North Broadway, in the most charming i)art of the most beautiful avenue of the village, and is one of the finest boarding- houses in Saratoga. The house has a very fine piazza, fronting Broadway, and commanding a delightful view. In this large mansion, with its spacious and commodious rooms, broad piazzas surrounded by magnificent shade-trees, and witli the brilliant equipages that make up the daily pageant on the broad avenue, one can have a full experience of the enjoyments of Saratoga summer life. It is indeed a delightful summer home. The table is superior. The proprietor, Mrs. J. Howland, has had several years' experience in caring for summer boarders, and her house has always enjoyed an excellent reputation for good living. The Albemarle Hotel has been newly equipi)ed, improved, and refurnislied throughout for the season of 1900, at a great expense, and will be conducted on a strictly first-class basis and at moderate prices. This hotel is located on South Broadway, near Convention Hall, and nearly opposite the Windsor Hotel. It is convenient to all of the springs and principal attractions of the i)lace. The electric cars running to the Geysers, Ballston, the race track, Saratoga Lake,' and Kayadeross Park at tlie Lake, start from within two minutes' walk of the hotel. Open June to October. Rooms will be re- served for parties who engage in advance. Address Albemarle Hotel, B. F. Cover, proprietor, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Hotel Continental >s situated on Washington Street, one block from the railroad depot and from Broadway, the main street of the village. It is a large, brick structure, with large sleeping-rooms and modern accommodations. It has a private reading and writing-room, supplied with all the popular magazines and papers, provided ex- clusively for ladies. Also a new bathroom and lavatory, and a dark room for Kodak " liends." There are fine cnxpiet gronnds and spacious rooms for t lie storage of bicycles. The house is located near the centre of the village, and within easy walking distance of the principal s[)rings. It is conducted on strictly temperance principles. Mr. S. M. Sterns is the proprietor. 38 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Balch House. Mrs. W. S. Balc'li has a fine l)rick boarding- lioiise on North Broadway, a few steps north of the Presbyterian church, in one of the most beautiful parts of Saratoga. It is handsomely fur- nished, and has large, well ventilated rooms, with high ceilings, and bright and pleasing outlooks from its windows. North Broadway is a broad and beautiful street, lined with four rows of trees, and scores of handsome residences. It is the favorite drive of Saratoga, and in summer there is a constant pageant of hand- some equipages and cyclists passing the house. Mrs. Balch en- joys the reputation of keeping an excellent boarding house. She has superior facilities for making her guests comfortable and happy, and her long experience enables her to do it in the most pleasing manner. Her table has long been celebrated for its ex- cellence, and her prices for board are very reasonable. Elmwood Hall. A comfortable residence, located in a ([uiet, shady spot, near the center of the village. It has a fine lawn, and croquet grounds and fine tennis court just back of the house. A mineral spring on the premises furnishes mineral water to guests free. The rooms are large and pleasant, and some are connected to accomr modate families. Mr. Potter makes the place what everybody who comes to Saratoga seeks — a pleasant home. Several new and spacious rooms have been recently added. They are heated by hot water and are very desirable for early and late visitors. The house is open all the year, and conducted on strict temperance principles. This is Mr. Potter's twenty-third year at Elmwood Hall. Terms, |1.25 to $2.00 per day, or |7."oO to $12.00 per w^eek. Address Emory Potter, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Walworlh Mansion. Mrs. Francella C. Record now conducts the Walworth Man- sion, which is charmingly located on North Broadway, and well shaded by beautiful elms. It was formerly managed by Mrs. T. D. Carpenter, and has an excellent reputation. The antique style of the house is charming. Within, all is orderly and modern. The towers and gables make an attractive landmark. The house is heated by steam, and is open all the year. For furtlier information, address Mrs. F. C. Record on the ^jremises. 29 A. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Wa;shburne is at No. 41 Washington Street, between the Grand Union and United States Hotels, and near to Broadway. It is central to all the springs and baths and is only one block from the Delaware and Hudson RR. depot. A beautiful lawn at the side of the house adds very much to the attractions. The orchestra of the Grand Union Hotel is distinctly heard on the piazza of the Washburne. All the rooms have closets and are well ventilated and furnished with splendid beds. The table and the service are excellent. The house will accommodate about 100 guests. Rates, $10.00 to $15.00 per week. Transient, $3.00 per day. Address M. L. Burrows, Proprietor. The Maples and Annex are at 637 and 641 Broadway in the north part of the village. Mrs. H. C. Stevens is the propi'ietor. These cottages are the nearest boarding-houses to Woodlawn Park and on the highest ground in Saratoga, being seventy feet above Congress Park. Accommo- dates fifty guests. Houses are newly painted and papered through- out and verandahs enlarged. Several bathrooms with sanitary plumbing are free to guests. The Red, Empire, Star, and High Rock Springs are near; the Magnetic Baths are within two blocks. Rates, $7 to $15 per week, according to location. Special rates for families and for season. one mile west of Saratoga Springs, accommodates about thirty people. It is surrounded by large elm trees and beautiful lawns on all sides of the house. The rooms are large and airy. Milk, eggs and butter are abundantly supplied from the proprietor's farm on which "The Elms" is located. The table is supplied with as good food as the markets afford. Rates of board from $5 to $8 per week, according to rooms and number occupying them. Transients, $2 per day. For further particulars address Miss Susan E. Hazen, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 30 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Adirondack Lodge Is situated on the southeast corner of Fraiikliu Square, one block from Broadway and the United States Hotel. It is surrounded by choice private residences, and with its long, spacious piazzas, beautiful shade trees and lawn, is a most attractive house. It is within a few minutes' walk of Congress Park, all the hotels, and the principal springs. Fitted up with all the refined surround- ings of a private home — steam heat, open fires, a Worthington fdter which purifies all the water supplied to the house — it is tlioroughly api)ointed in every particular for home comfort and for health. Rooms in suites, private bath rooms if desired, and single rooms. Situated on a large open plaza, in a central part of the town, it offers one of the most delightful and charming resting places in Saratoga. The patronage of Adirondack Lodge consists exclusively of people of refined taste and culture, and the whole equipment and tone of elegance and refinement that pervade the house make a very choice resort for rest and enjoy- ment. The house is open all the year. Terms, from $-2.00 to $8.50 per day. Special terms by the week. Address Mvs, R. C. McEweu, 2 Franklin Square, Saratoga Springs, N, Y. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Woodbridge is a fine, large boarding-house, deliglitfiilly situated on South Broadway, one of Saratoga's beautiful streets, but a short dis- tance from Congress Spring Park and tiie pi-iueipal mineral springs and great hotels of Saratoga. The electric cars which run from the village to Saratoga Lake, the Vichy, Kissingen, and Victoria Springs, and the Geysers, pass within one block of The Woodbridge. Convention Hall is only a block distant. All the great attractions and the centers of the fashionable life at Saratoga are easily reached from the Woodbridge. The house is kept in excellent style, and every provision is made for the comfort of its guests. All the requisites of a superior boarding- house are found here. The cuisine is exceptionally good, and the whole equipment of the Woodbridge is first-class and desir- able. ]Mr. T. S. Estabrook is the proprietor, and he provides well for his guests at the moderate price of $8 to j|15 per week, according to choice of rooms, etc. Summer Rest This select and charming boardiiig-liouse is situated on Spring Street, near Circular Street, and within two blocks of J3roadway and the principal hotels and springs. It is veiy convenient to the post-ofRce and telegraph offices, and the principal streets and business part of the town. The beautiful Congress Spring and Park are only two blocks distant, and the celebrated Hathorn Spring is on the same street with it and on.ly a few rods from the house. The location is one of the best in Saratoga. The house is built of brick and contains fine large rooms that are light and airy, and supplied with the best of beds with good springs, and other fine furnishings. The table is bountifully supplied with the best that the market affords, and the service is superior. The house is patronized by a very select class of boarders, and the whole tone and surroundings of the place indicate- the refinement and taste of a quiet, cultured home. The house opens for the season on June 1st, and special rates are given to patrons for the months of June and September. Parties desiring further information respecting the rates and rooms should address M. E. Morse, 75 and 77 Spring Street, Saratoga Springs, N. Y, 81 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Commercial Hotel and Cottages, John J. Waiidell, owner and proprietor, are open all the year. Guests will find it to their advantage to make this hotel their I'HE COMiVIERCIAL HOTEL, SARATOGA SPRINGS. fiome, as it is located near all the depots, churches, springs, parks, and business places. Large sample room and all modern improvements for comfort and health. Rates, $2 to $3 per day. "The Orient" is located on the corner of Circular and Spring Streets and oc- cupies the building long known as the "Thorn House," which has been put in first class order. The rooms are all light and well ventilated. The bathrooms are in good condition. The table is supplied with the best the market affords. Location is within two blocks of Congress Spring and on opposite corner to Dr. Strong's Sanitarium ; on the finest street in Saratoga ; accommodates forty persons. The house is open the entire year. For further information inquire of E. S. Stannard, The Orient, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 31a SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Everett House. This beautiful i'auiily hotel opens on June 1, 1000, for its nine- teenth season under tlie same management. The house is situ- ated on South Broadway nearly opposite the Windsor Hotel, in one of the finest and most beautiful parts of Saratoga, and is only one block from the principal springs of the village. New plumbing with the latest improvements has been put iu THE EVERETT HOUSE. throughout the entire building. The house has been newly painted and refurnished. It has 500 feet of shady piazzas, which afford entertaining views of the magnificent carriages and turn- outs that daily pass the Everett on Broadway, the principal boulevard of the town. In the height of the season the scene is brilliant and nu)st charming. This house has been one of the very successful boarding-houses and hotels of Saratoga and its success is due to tlie very capa))Ie management it has enjoyed for so many years. It will accommodate 200 guests. The rates of Ixiard are very reasouMljIo. and fnll jtarliculars as to rooms and terms may be sct-ured l)y addressing the experienced and eihcient proprietor, Mr. P. M. Saurez, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 31b SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Carlsbad is a high-class family liotel and sanitarium, situated on Frank- lin Square, Saratoga Springs, N. Y., and is kept open during the entire year. It is designed for the entertainment of those guests who desire to use the Saratoga Mineral Waters for sani- tary or curative purposes upon the principles existing at Carls- bad and other European health resorts. It is a new house, handsomely appointed with new furnishings, and planned to secure the best possible sanitary advantages. It has suites of rooms with private bath, electric bells and all modern con- veniences, a gymnasium and an entertainment and music room. It has high Colonial piazzas upon the broad, open Franklin Square, and is opposite the court park of the United States Hotel. All the principal springs in Saratoga village are reached in a five-minute walk, and all the great hotels are but a short distance from The Carlsbad. The cuisine is made a special feature of this hotel, and a generous menu is [)rovided for those guests who are not under treatment. Guests are seated at small tables in the dining- room, and evening dinners, with high-class family service, are a feature of the regular order of meals. The treatment in tlie Sanitarium Department is optional. But tlie great variety of mineral waters found at Saratoga c'alls for systematic and scientific sanitary and dietetic principles in the use of them under the direction of medical advice. Such advice is obtainable at this institution, and the most beneficial results are obtained. Carlsbad salt lubs. jnassage, and the vari- ous athletic movements are provided in the institute, and the most intelligent and scientific treatment is given to those who place themselves under tlie guidance of the medical staff of this high-grade institution. E. Valencourt Deuell, M.D., is the Director of the Sanitarium De})artment. The bathing de- partment is equipped with the latest and best appliances for the pr()i)er treatmciil of patrons of the institution. In the gym- n:isium nve found the most approved ap])liances in mechanico- therapeutic, Swedish nio\ t-nicnts, and nuissagc liy machinery as practised al IJadt-n iJadiMi, as well as Mie medico-mechanical gymnastics according lo the Zunder system. For further in- formation address ilijtel Carlsbad, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 31c SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. HOTELS AND BOARDING HOUSES IN SARATOGA SPRINGS. JS^ames. Abel Cottage Adams, Mary Albemarle Aldine, The Albion Allen, Laura M Arrowhead, The Balch House Brentford Hall Broadway House Brown ( 'ottaire Carleton House Cedar Blutf House.... Carlsbad, The Clarendon Hotel Cole, Miss C. A Collins Cottage Columbian Hotel Commercial Hotel Congress Hall Continental Hotel Davardo, The Deuel, Mrs. W. B Elinhurst Elm wood Hall Euipire Hotel Everett House Excelsior Spring Hotel Fairview House Farrell, Nath Fitchburg House Fitz Gerald, Mrs. J. C. Foley House Franklin House Gem Hotel Grand Union Hotel. .. Hall, Mrs. H. C HalTs Lake House Healey, Mrs. J. J Holden House Ho. American-Adelphi Hotel Imperial Hotel Todd Rowland House Hoyt House Hubbard, Mrs. C. A.. Huestis House Kensington Lafayette, The Likei- House Linden, The Linwood House ^Innor House Marcii, Miss E. M.. ^loon's Lake House Morcy's Lake Hous( O" Gorman, D Location. 78 Spring St. 49 Ilenrv^ St. Broadway So. Broadway & Circular St. 72 Maple Avenue 48PhilaSt Saratoga Lake North Broadway Nelson Avenue Broadway and Grove St Union Ave. and Circular St, Mai)le Ave. and Vandam St, Saratoga Lake Franklin Square Broadway and William Sts. 1.50 Regent 2>i Franklin St Broadway Church aiul Railroad Place. Broadway Washington St North Broadwav lOQPhilaSt.../. Warren St. and Middle Ave. Maple Ave... Maple Ave. and Rock St South Broadway Spring Ave. & Excelsior Sp. 149 Maple Ave Lakewood 109 Henry St 135 Circular St South Broadway Church St ("or. Putnam and Phila Sts. Broadwav lS-2 Caroline St Saratoga Lake eo Wooillawn Ave lircKidway Bioadway Church and Woodlawn Ave. Broadway North Broadway .5.5 Caroline Street 74 Circular St South Broadway Union Ave Circular and Lafavette Sts.. Spring Sticet ." Maple .\ venue •,':5'.i Broadwav 1 II I'.roadwav l-,'r> I'hila St.' Saratoga Lake Saratoga Lake 20 and 22 West Congress St. 32 Ace. Projmetors. iMary Adams. 70 B. F. Cover. 75 E. M. Smith. 50 K. M. Brennan. 20 Laura M. Allen. 50; Ben Riley. 75' Mrs. W. S. Balch. 40 Mrs. Hazen. 50 100 50 100 400 20 200 200 1,000 200 100 80 100 200 100 50 25 50 100 50 1,500 25 25 25 100 400 50 50 G. S. Hine. Mrs. W. E. Brown. W. Crost. J. J. Levy. E. V. Deuell, M.D. Palmer & McDowell. Miss C. A. Cole. T. B. Scanlin. Jno. J. Wandell. H. S. Clement. S. M. Sterns. Mrs. W. B. Deuel. Emory Potter. S. O. Marsh. P. M. Suarez. Geo. C. Howe. N. Farrell. Mr. McCarthy. Mrs. J. C. Fitz Gerald. Mrs. Wall. .Mr. N. Y. Brintnall. Geo. H. Hefternen. Wool ley & Gerrans. Mrs. H. C. Hall. James Dougray. Mrs. J. .J. Healey. E. A. Smith. Geo. A. Farnham. G. W. Craven. Mrs. C. D. Howland. Marv Adams. Mrs." C. A. Hubbard. Mrs. M.B.Montgomery. Messrs. Bang. Tames M. Case. Mrs. Liker. Win. OBrien. S. ^L Van Deusen. A. H. Burnham. Miss E. M. March. Mr. Newman. Mr. R. Morey. D. O' Gorman. SAKATOCiA ILLUSTRATED. HOTELS AND BOARDING IIOl^SES IN SARATOGA SPRINGS. Name. Location. Arc. 100 40 20 30 100 20 50 50 200 40 1.50 50 1,500 Proprietors. Old Homestead 44 Franklin St G. P. Spoon. E. J. Stannard Orient, The Cor. Siiring and Caroline.. . 1 \\'asliingt,on St Piipineau Apartment. Park Honse Mrs. W. H.Corbin. 1.5 Woodlawn Ave CD. Park. 108 Circular St .' Miss D. A. Pierce. Putnam, The 497 Broadway Mrs. L B Putnam Record Mrs M A Riiss House .... 58 Putnam St C. C. Higgins. Dr. Comstock. Saint Faith's Hospital Schmidt, Mrs Seward St .54 Phila St Mrs. Schmidt. Scoville Honse Spencer House Henry and Phila Sts 11 Woodlawn Ave..., Mrs. Collins. J. J. Hotaling. Dr. Strong. M E. Morse. Circular St Summer Rest 75 and 77 Spring St. , . Sweeney's Hotel Temple Grove The Ma])les & Annex. The()aiO50C0 o '^» 'S c-2 o 00lCO : -.D ^ iri d (.laipuBiio) r=^^ :d^£ (uo^aiddv) » ^ ^. o (jaipuBq;)) (suoiuuia) uBuiumioo sjBaK) -B ^iis :?SS 03 li O OS IJ O ■alp? 5: :SSg 30 It-HW i. •^ •-*tC £?? eux'-x :■;?. ifiiPnc/;'-' :s *^ Is- ' ' - fc'-sl 5 2 '- p^a."^ 4'2 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Medicinal Action of mineral waters differs in almost every respect from that of catliartics and diuretics, or eliminators, in the materia medica. Medicines frequently act by counter-irritation, curing one organ by exciting and ii-ritating another. Ordinary cathartics, diuretics, and diaphoretics are composed of substances foreign to the sys- tem, and they act partly by their poisonous effects. The most important ingredients of the Saratoga waters are natural to the body, and are also powerful oxidizers of the disintegrated tis- sues, carrying out of the body the waste matter. Mineral waters are similar to the blood, minus its organic constituents, and are true restorative medicines, as well as powerfid modifiers of the tissues themselves; and these properties, and their gentle mode of action, constitute no small degree of their extraordinary merit. ' ' Saratoga water is a cholagogue in its properties — that is, it stimulates the action of the liver and promotes the excretion of bile. Certain matters are secreted by that organ, which, if al- lowed to remain in the system, produce such diseases as jaun- dice. A great number of intestinal diseases and blood disorders are associated with derangements of the functions of the liver. "The waters are not only laxative or aperient, but are also diuretic, antacid, deobstruent, alterative, and tonic. " They increase the force of tlie heart and arteries, promote digestion, favor the action of the nutrient vessels, increase the peristaltic movement of the bowels, cleanse the system through, tlie granular organs, and impart strength and vigor." The Diseases Affected by the "Waters are numerous. To give a list in detail would be useless and confusing, and perhaps harmful. There is but one course to pursue in drinking the spring waters for the health's sake. Consult a resident physician, let him make a diagnosis of your case, and, under his advice, select the particular spring of most value to you, and govern yourself, in all things, by his experience and acquaintance with the waters. The medical staff of Saratoga Springs is excellent, and one may rely on their ability to assist 43 2^09% o 2?a5C.E - ^ rt- S < Po c £ ft 3" 0)^=— »::; /' D T C ^^ ~ ^ — g .-'■ 5-01 p.j ^ -. C:-trC 3 = ^2.* 5 'I" ;PC' 03 - = = MP - M a) 3 a spill 5 'Wj_jnLJ_Jl! -Op SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. and direct. A groat injiny poople niako tlio mistake, upon their first visit to Saralopi, Springs, of di-inking proiniscuoiisly at a number of springs, and in sueii large quantities as to prove actu- ally injurious rather than beneficial. To receive benefit from a use of these waters, they must be used discreetly and judiciously, and not to excess. Above all, do not be led away by the gratuitous advice of persons who have been benefited by these waters, but who are not possessed of sufficient medical knowledge to give a reason for their belief in any particular spring. Concerning the directions for their use, much the ^ame thing maybe said. As well try to give advice in making prescriptions for the general piiblio. Each user of these healing waters must, in a measure, be a law unto himself. To drink any and all of the waters would be simply unreasonable. Seek proper advice, and then follow it, and be not led aside by the enthusiasm of some invalid who, having been restored to health by some par- ticular spring, thinks it a cure for all diseases, whether they are allied to his special case or not. To persons in perfectly good health the waters do no particular harm, even if indulged in freely. At the same time, there is reason in all things, and if one is really unwell, there is but one thing to do— consult a medical man. The late Dr. Steel wrote, in 1837 : "The waters are so gener- ally used, and their effects so seldom injurious, particularly to persons in health, that almost every one who has ever drank of them assumes the prerogative of directing their use to others. Were these directions always the result of careful experience and observation, they would be less objectionable ; but there are numerous persons who flock about the springs without any positive knowledge of the composition and effect of the waters, who contrive to dispose of their directions, many times to the detriment of those who desire to be benefited, but who are thus disappointed in the use of the water." In speaking of the springs in detail, the most important and best-developed springs will be more fully described, and the others of less importance will be briefly located and mentioned. 44 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Congress Spring*. This spring is located in Congress Spring Park, opposite the southern end of Congress Hall. There is an artistic and very beautiful pavilion built over it to protect visitors from sun and rain. The principal entrance to the spring-house is at the grand entrance to the Park, near Broadway. On entering the Park, turn to the left, pass along the arbor-like colonnade to the pavil- ion about the spring, where seats are provided, and the spring water, driven to the surface, and sparkling and bubbling in the two globular crystal receivers by the force of its own natural carbonic acid gas, is served upon small tables by the attend- ants. Visitors will find this method of obtaining the waters far more agreeable than the old way followed at the other springs, as they can partake leisurely while seated, without being jostled by the crowd, and enjoy the beautiful view of the Park and the delightful music by the Park Band. By descending a few steps to the east, along the colonnade to the cafe, hot coffee and other refreshments may be obtained at moderate prices. The waters of the Congress and Columbian springs are supplied free to all visitors of the Park. Admission to the Park is regulated by tickets, for which a merely nominal charge is made. All the attractions of the Park are open to visitors who pay the entrance fee. Congress Spring is more generally known and used than any of the other Saratoga springs, and has probably effected more cures of the diseases for which its waters are a specific than any other mineral spring in America. It was discovered in 1792. The waters were first bottled for exportation in 1823, by Dr, John Clarke, of New York, who purchased the spring from the Livingston family, who held it under an ancient grant. The property was purchased of Dr. Clarke's executors in 1865, by the Congress Spring Company, the present proprietors. In 1892 the Congress Spring was thoroughly retubed with iron tubing sunk to a great depth, and all impure and surface waters were effectually excluded from the spring water. This has greatly improved the Congress Water, audit has thus attained its pristine purity and efiicacy. The medicinal effects of Congress Water have been tested for 45 CONGRESS SPRING FAVIUON. SR£CTBI>, Z87& SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. nearly a century, and its use is prescribed by physicians, with the utmost confidence, after long knowledge of its great efficacy, and the entire comfort and safety with which it may be used. To pro- fessional men and others whose occupations are sedentary, and to all sufferers from the various forms of bilious disorders, it is in- valuable. It contains of the laxative salts (chloride of sodium and bicarbonate of magnesia) enough to render its effects certain without tlie addition or use of cathartic drugs ; and it produces free and copious evacuations without in any manner debilitating the alimentary canal or impairing the digestive powers of the stomach. At the same time it does not contain an excess of those salts, the presence of which in the cruder mineral waters, native and foreign, often renders them drastic and irritating, producing very serious disorders. The following analysis by the eminent chemist, Prof. Leverett Mears.. Ph D., of Williams College, who recently analyzed the Congress Spring Water, certifies to its chemical properties, supe- rior excellence, and valuable qualities. AN^ALYSIS OF CON^GRESS SPRING WATER, BY LEVERETT MEARS, PH.D., Professor of Chemistry. Williams College Chemical Laboratory, Mass., February 10, 1892. Congress Spring Company : Gentlemen : I have examined the- specimen of water taken from the Congress Spring under my inspection, with the follow- ing results : Grains in one United States gallon of 231 cubic inches. Bicarbonate of Baryta and Strontia 0.96? grains. Bicarbonate of Iron 0.734 '' Iodide of Sodium 0.243 " . SnlpliJite of Pota^^.sa .... 0.457 " Siiici 0.671 " Alumina 0.046 " Cliloride of Sodium .550.852 grains. Chloride of Potassium . 26.134 " Bromide of Sodium 9.653 " Bicarlionateof Soda.... 10.951 Bicarbonate of Mag- nesia 138.114 " Bicarbonate of Lime. . . .149.820 " Bicarbcmate of Litliia... 5.321 '" Total 893 963 grains. Carbonic Acid Gas 536.8 cubic inche.s. It should be remembered that this water is never sold in bar- rels. Genuine Congress Water is sold only in bottles. In this form it is sent to almost every part of the world. '46 Sik!RATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Columbian Spring. This Spring is located in Congress Spring Park, j ust west of the park entrance and a little nearer Broadway. It is covered by a beautifnl and artistic pavilion, and is approached through the park entrence to the right, or down a few steps from Broadway, opposite Columbian Hotel. The Spring is owned by the Con- gress Spring Company. It is a fine chalybeate mineral water, and possesses singularly active properties in certain diseases. It is said to be especially valuable in liver complaints, dyspepsia, erysipelas, and all cutaneous disorders. As a tonic water for fre- quent use, no spring in Saratoga is so popular as the Columbian. The water is recommended to bo drank in small quantities fre- quently during the day, generally preceded by the use of the ca- thartic waters taken before breakfast. Only from one-half to one glass should be taken at a time. When taKen in large quan- tities, or before breakfast, a peculiar headache is experienced. The proper use of this water will strengthen the tone of the stomach, and tend to increase the red particles of the blood which, according to Liebeg, perform an important part in respi- ration. Though containing but 5.58 grains of iron in each gallon, this water has a perceptible iron taste in every drop. Is it much to be wondered at, then, that a mineral which has so great a power of affecting the palate should possess equally potent influ- ence upon the whole system ? The happy medicinal effects of these iron waters seem to consist, to some extent, in the minute division of the mineral properties, so that they are readily taken into the system. The water is exported largely, and descriptive pamphlets, containing full directions for drinking the water, may oe obtained at the Company's office opiDosite Congress Spring. ANALYSIS OF COLUMBIAN WATER, BY PROF. E. EMMONS. Specific gravity 1007.3. Solid and gaseous contents as follows: Chloride of Sodium . . . .267.00 grains. Bicarbonate of Soda 15.40 Bicarbonate of Magnesia 46 71 Hydriodate of Soda 2. 56 Carbonate of Lime 68.00 grains. Carbonate of Iron 5.58 " Silex 2.05 Hy'o-Bro'ate of Pot. scarcely a trace. Solid contents in a gallon ... 407.30 grains Carbonic Acid C.as 272.C6 inches. A-tmospheric Air ^•''O 276.56 inches. 47 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Empire Spring. This spring is one of the best in Saratoga, It is located in the north part of the shallow valley that runs through the village. To reach it from Congress Hall, follow Broadway north to the first street north of Town Hall ; then to the right, then left, through Front street, down the hill, to the large bottling-house at the foot of the hill. This spring is in a pavilion before the build- ing. For full information concerning this spring, call at the office. Although the existence of mineral water in this locality was known for a long time, it was not until 1846 that any one thought it worth the necessary expense of excavation and tubing. The. rock was struck twelve feet below the surface of the earth, and so copious was the flow of water that the tubing proved to be a work of unusual difficulty. When once accomplished, the water flowed in great abundance and purity. It soon attracted the attention of medical men, and was found to possess curative properties which rendered it available in diseases which had not before been affected by Saratoga waters. It has proved itself adapted to a wide range of cases, especially of a chronic nature, and its pecu- liar value is recognized by eminent medical men. The Empire Spring Water is a great favorite with many people, being preferred for its positive medicinal efl'ects. It now receives the most thoughtful and systematic patronage. In flavor, agreeable medicinal effects and bottling qualities the Empire water is unsurpassed. From its long and successful use it can safely be classed as a very reliable and valuable mineral spring water. AN^ALYSIS OF EMPIRE SPRIN^G WA.TER. BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER. One United States gallon of 231 cubic inches contains : Chloride of Sodium .50t).(j30 grains. Chloride of Potassium 4.292 " Bicarb, of Magnesia 42.953 " Bicarbonate of Lime 109.656 " Bicarbonate of Lithia 2.080 Bicarbonate of Soda 9.022 " Bicarbonate of Baryta 0.075 " Bicarbonate of Iron 0.793 " Bicarbonate of Strontia, a trace. Bromide of Sodium 0.266 grains. Iodide of Sodium 0.006 " Sulpliate (if Potassa 2.769 " Phosphate of Soda 0.023 Silica 1.145 " Alumina 0.418 " Fluoride of Calcium, j Bi borate of Soda, > each a trace. Organic Matter, ) Total 680.436 grains. Carbonic Acid , 344.699 cubic in. 48 SARATOGA ILLTJSTEATED. Excelsior Spring, Is found in a beautiful valley, amid picturesque scenery, about a mile east of the town hall, and near the centre of Excelsior Park. The principal park entrance is on Lake Avenue, half a mile from Circular street, or we may approach it by Spring Avenue, which will lead us past most of the principal springs, and the Lough- berry Water Works with its famous Holly Machinery, by which the village is supplied with an abundance of the purest water from the Excelsior Lake. Leaving the Water Works, we see just before us, as the avenue bends towards the Excelsior Spring, the fine summer hotel known as the Mansion House. Surrounded by its grand old trees and beautiful lawn, it offers an inviting retreat from the heat and dust of our crowded cities. The spring is covered by a very tasteful pavilion, which will be noticed just east of the little stream, and in front of the large bottling house beside the grove. The Union Spring is a little northwest of the Excelsior, and but a few steps removed. This valley, in which these two springs are situated, was formerly known as the " Valley of the Ten Springs," but the present owners, after grading and greatly beautifying the grounds, changed its name in honor of the spring to Excelsior Park. The Excelsior Spring has been appreciated for i's valuable qualities by some of the oldest visitors of Sarato^;. for at least half a century. Many noted cures, among the older residents of the town, were effected by the use of this water before it was introduced to the general public. The water, however, was not much known to the public until 18r»9, when Mr. H. H. Lawrence, the former owner, and grandfather of the present proprie- tor, retubed the Spring in the most thorough manner — the tubing extending to a depth of fifty-six feet, eleven of which are in the solid rock. By this improvement the water flows with all its properties undeteriorated, retaining from source to outlet its original purity and strength. For several years the Excelsior Spring water has steadily increased in public favor, until now its sale has become very large, and it is to be found on draught, or in bottles, in nearly all the principal cities and towns of the United States. 4Q %D^, SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Union Spring, near the center of Excelsior Park, is about ten rods northwest of Excelsior Spring. It was originally known as the "Jackson" spring, and is described under that name by Dr. John H. Steele in his work on the Mineral Waters of Saratoga and Ballston, pub- lished by Dr. Steele at Albany in 1819. The water was, how- ever, but imperfectly secured until the present proprietors had the spring retubed in 1868. The water of the Union Spring acts as a mild cathartic when taken before breakfast. Drank at other times during the day it is a very agreeable and healthy beverage. Prof. C. F. Chandler, the distinguished chemist, says: "This water is of excellent strength. It is specially noticeable that the ratio of magnesia to lime is unusually large, which is a decided advantage. The water is also remarkably free from iron, a fact which is a great recommendation." The water is put up in bot- tles for shipping to any part of the world. It is also sold in- Lawrence's Patent Reservoirs (barrels lined with pure block tin , containing about thirty gallons each. The reservoirs are very strong and perfectly gar; light, and retain the water with all its natural Carbonic Acid Gas. From these reservoirs the water can be forced out, under atmospheric pressure, in its natural con- dition, sparklingwith Carbonic Acid Gas as it flows from the spring at Saratoga, in the same manner in which the Excelsior water on draught is so very widely and favorably known. ANALYSIS OF THE UNION SPRING WATER, BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER. Laboratory of the School of Mines, Columbia College, \ Neiv York, .March 26, lo7 ;. j The sample of Mineral "Water taken from the Union Spkinu, Saratoga, eo:j' tains in one U. S. Gallon of 231 cubic inches: Chloride of Sodium 458.299 grains, Ci:luride of Potassium.. . 8.7:J3 " Bromioe of Sodium 1.307 " Iodide of Sodium 0.039 •' Fluoride of Calcium trace. Bicaibonuteof Lilhia 2.«05 Bicarbonate of Soda 17 010 " Bicrbonate of Magnesia. 109.f;b'5 " Bicarbonate of Lime 9().703 " Bicarljonate of Strontia.. trace. Total Solid Contents. 701. 174 grain.s Carbonic Acid Gas in one gal., 384.9fi9 cubic inches. Temp., 48 deg. F. 52 Bicarbonate of Baryta. 1.703 grains Bicarbonate of Iron... 0.2,9 " Suliihate of Potassa... 1.818 " Pliospliate. f Soda.... 0.02() " Biborate of Soda trace. Alumina 0.324 " Silica 2.C53 " Organic Matter trace. HIGH SCHOOL BTTILDING. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Facilities for Reaching- Excelsior Park. The drives to the Excelsior Spring and Park, by way of Lake and Spring Avenues, have already been described, but every visitor should know that there are other attractive ways of reach ing this most beautiful suburb of Saratoga. First, we must mention the advantages afforded the public by the Saratoga Lake Railway and its Excelsior Spring Station, by which the sojourner at Saratoga is enabled to go and return in a brief space of time, during any portion of the day. Then pedes- trians, and lovers of the picturesque, will find a WooDLA^D Walk at the termination of York Avenue, by following which in an easterly direction for about half a mile, among tall pines and other forest trees, they will reach the Excelsior Spring, in the central portion of the Park. Those wishing to return by a differ- ent route, or fatigued by their ramble, may avail themselves of the railroad to the village, or take the trip to Saratoga Lake. Besides this favorite woodland path to Excelsior Spring, Mr. Lawrence has opened a Bridle Path and Carriage Drive, enter- ing the woods at the intersection of East and York Avenues. The bridle path skirts the brow of the hill, affording occasional glimpses, through a framework of leaves, of the green meadows to the north, and the silvery surface of Loughberry Lake. Both the bridle path and the carriage drive bring out on Excelsior Spring Avenue, on the summit of the high hill, south of the Excelsior Spring. Here we have an extensive view to the east of the Green Mountains of Vermont, and the nearer hills of Washington County. N. Y. A little further on, as the carriage road reaches the brow of the hill, the lovely valley stretches be- fore us. If the rich glow of a summer sunset is still resting upon the distant hills, we shall be apt to feel that we have at last found the " Happy Valley." Below us lies the lovely vale once known as the "Valley of the Ten Springs." with its surrounding hill- sides adorned by pretty cottages. A little further to the north we behojd the hills of the Loughberry Lake, and still further beyond the granite elevations known as the Palmei'stown am) Kayaderosseras mountains, spurs of the great Adiroudacks. 52a SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. [eyser or ' ' Spouting' Spring " Is H most wonderful fountain of mineral water, discovered in 1870, and situated about one mile and a quarter southwest of the village of Saratoga Springs, in the midst of the beautiful region of landscape scenery now known as " Geyser Lake and Park." To reach it from Saratoga, follow Broadway south to Ballston Avenue, which branches off from Broadway in the south part of the village to the right, towards the south- west, and follow this avenue until it crosses the Del. and Hud. li.R.. when the large brick bottling- house with the world-wide inscription of " Geyser Spring " will be distinctly seen across the lake to the left. Follow the carriage road across the causeway turning to the left, and you will soon find yourself at the entrance of the spring and bottling-house, and in the midst of the most interesting- spring region of Saratoga. Visitors are most cordially welcomed to the spring and grounds by the proprietors, at all reasonable hours of the day, and perfect freedom is accorded to all visitors to drink the waters, inspect the work of bottling, and to stroll through the beautiful grounds surrounding the springs. As you enter the spring-house, directly in front of you, in the center of the building, is this marvelous spouting spring, sending forth a powerful stream of water to the very top of the building, which, in descending t > its surrounding basin, sprays into a thousand crystal streams, forming a beautiful fountain, ever- flowing, and charming to behold. In the center of the room is the artistical basin, about six feet square, and from the bottom rises an iron pipe. From this leaps, in fantastic dance, the creamy water of the spring. To allow it full play, there is an opening in the ceiling, and here it rises and falls, day and night, continually. At one side, a faucet, with a nase like a soda fountain, enables one to draw a glass. The water boils and bubbles out, mingled with bubbles of gas precisely like cream soda, and all who care may have a free drink. When the bubbles have escaped, the water has a wonderful pearly purity that tempts one to drink bountifully. A glass globe on the well 53 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. curb has a stream of water dowing through it and escaping at th« top. This enables ns to see the thick stream of bubbling gas aa it rises through the water and makes an extremely pretty display. A large busineos is here carried on in bottling this valuable and delicious water, and visitors are shown all the processes in detail The orifice bored in the rock is five and a half inches in diame ter, and 132 feet deep. The rock formation consists of a strata of slate eighty feet thick, beneath which lies the strata of bird's-ey t limestone in which the mineral vein was struck. The orifice ia tubed with a block-tin pipe, encased with iron, to the depth o^ eighty-five feet, the object being to bring the water through th* soft sla':e formation, as the immense press are and force of the gas would cut the slate, thereby causing impurities in the water, Recently the present proprietors became convinced that a large percentage of the Carbonic Acid Gas shown by the phenomenoi; of spouting, was not present in the bottled water. They recently re-tubed the spring and put in the most approved Bottling Table. The result is that for the first time in the history of the Si3rinp all (he Natural Carbonic Acid Gas is retained to the bottled water, thereby adc mg much to its already high medicinal qualities, and making it an Excellent Table Watek, the water now being hijhly effervescent and the best mineral water known. Professor C. F. Chandlee, Ph. D., of Columbia College School of Mines, visited this spring a few weeks after its discovery, and the following analysis, made from water collected by him at that time, demonstrates the great value of the Geyser as ft medicinal spring: ANALYSIS OF ONE U. S. GALLON. Chloride of Sodium 562.080 grains. Chloride of Potassium... 24.634 " Bromide of Sodii-m 2.212 " Iodide of Sodium 0.248 " Fluoride of Calcium a trace. Bicarbonate of Li thia 9 004 Bicarbonate of Soda 71 232 Bicarbonate of Magnesia 14'.).343 " Bicarbonate of Lime 168.392 " Bicarbonate of Strontia. -').425 grainso Bicarbonate of Baryta . 2.014 " Bicarbonate of Iron . . 0.979 " Sulphate of Potassa 0.318 " Phosphate of Soda trace. Biborate of Soda trace. Alumina trace. Silica 0.665 •* Organic Matter trace. Total solid contents £3l.54(» Carbonic Acid Gas in one U.S. Gal ,iS^ 082cuHcin Density , :»,011 Temperature ..,,.., , 46° Fa>c SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. It may be noticed that the water is charged with medicinal and gaseous properties to a wonderful degree, its total solid con- tents being 991.546 grains. The amount of gas is excessive, and it is this that enables the water to hold in solution so great a proportion of minerals, and gives to it remarkable preservative properties when bottled, as well as imparts that mysterious power which forces the water from its silent cavern in the earth into the beautiful fountain of the spring. Its properties are permanent in any climate, and for an indefinite time. So long as kept corked and the bottle laid on the side, it retains its value unimpaired. As a medicinal agency its effects are marvelous. Testimonials from all quarters are received, bearing witness to its wonderful cures of diseases; especially in Cutaneous Diseases, or any of the various phases of Scrofula. It is used with telling effect in Kid- ney Disease, Liver Complaint, Dyspepsia, Biliousness, Rheuma- tism, Acidity of Stomach, etc. It is a delightful beverage, and when taken as a cathartic leaves none of those unpleasant effects observable in the use of many other of the Saratoga waters. As an aperient or cathartic it should be used in the early morn- ing ; and, if in bottles, it should stand in the room so as not to be too cool. To give it more ready effect, raise the water to about blood-heat, or 90° Fahr. A pint bottle, or about two glasses, will usually be found sufficiently prompt and effective. As an alterative, the water should be drank cool, in small quan- tities. When taken with meals or at lunch, as an ordinary bev- erage, the system will retain the minerals with strengthening and stimulating effect. After wines or hearty eating, the water is a sure corrective, restoring the stomach to its natural condition, while relieving the system of uncongenial and injurious substances. It cures biliousness, corrects acidity of stomach, relieves nerv- ous or feverish irritation and headache, and a restless person may be induced to sleep by taking a glass of Geyser on retiring at night. Geyser Water also operates with excellent effect upon the Kidneys. The lithia found in this water is a specific for gravel or stone, and is effectual in dissolving the chalk or limestone and urate deposits in Rheumatism or Gout. Geyser Water is put up in pint and quart bottles, and in tin-lined barrels of thirty gallons each, and it may be found at any leading druggist's on 55 #.- "M o crq V X SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. the continent. In bottles, it is packed in cases of four dozen pints or two dozen quarts. The spring property is managed by a stock company, and the proprietors have adopted the name Geyser Spring Co. All orders should be addressed to the Geyser Spring Co., Sara- toga Springs. N. Y. The officers of the company are George A. Streeter, President; George E. Settle, Treasurer. The busi- ness of the Geyser Spring has increased rapidly since its dis- covery in 1870, and its waters are now sold everywhere. By passing through the door at the east end of the bottling house, we enter upon a piazza which overlooks the stream that dashes by the spring-house. Under the overhanging awning we may enjoy a very charming prospect. Geyser Park Embraces a tract of about 40 acres surrounding the Geyser Spring, and is open to visitors, who are invited, by numerous rustic chairs and settees, to enjoy the natural beauties of this charming vicinity. Ixeaving the spring-house by the rear door, we enter upon the ramble and follow the shady path down into the dell. From the rustic bridge is a pretty view of the waterfall near the spring-house, and in the vicinity are several springs of varied min- eral properties, more or less undeveloped, but indicating the great richness of this region in mineral waters. Returning to the spring-house, we may pass up the hill towards the west, and ob- tain a delightful view of tbe lake and park. From the sunynit of the slope to the westward the beautiful surroundings of this cele- brated locality are brought into view. Standing on the elevation, with our face to. the east, a charming prospect is spread before us. The large, beautiful green expanse, studded here and there with trees and cottages, and terminating with the Green Mountain range in the distant east, and the Greenfield Mountains in the west ; the silvery water expanding from small proportions into the dimensions of a beautiful lake, fringed with graceful foliage and shaded lawns; the limpid stream plunging over the fall and dashing down into the shaJed glen; the strong-arched causeway, and the spouting springs shooting their pearly-white waters into graceful fountains, all unite to form a charming landscape. {56 SAKATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Saratoga Carlsbad Spring Was discovered in 1886. It is an artesian well, sunk 283^ feet in the solid rock, and is tubed to a depth of 238 feet. This spring is located on a hill overlooking the valley 60 feet below, where the neighboring springs are situated. This elevation, and the tubing of the spring to so great a depth, prevent contamination by surface wash or drainage. The water is forced to the surface by the natural carbonic acid gas under a natural pressure of 35 pounds to the square inch, and is thrown to a height of 30 feet. The capacity is 6,000 gallons per day. The geological forma- tion at this point is 32 feet of loam and clay, followed by 180 feet of slate rock, beneath which was found a stratum of lime- stone, in which the vein was discovered. Hamilton Spring. This spring is situated about thirty rods north of the Congress, immediately in the rear of Congress Eall. It was discovered by Mr. Gideon Putnam, one of the early settlers of the place, not long after the discovery of the Congress Spring, and named after the late General Hamilton. The waler, when first taken from the spring, is remarkably clear and sparkling. It is saline and acidulous to the taste, and when taken to the quantity of five or six half pints, is usually both cathartic and diuretic. The Hathorn Spring Is on Spring Street, directly opposite the north wing of Congress Hall. It was discovered in 1869 by some workmen employed in placing the foundation of the brick block which contains the beautiful ball-room of Congress Hall. It is named in honor of the Hon. H. H. Hathorn, who first developed the spring, and Duilt the famous Congress Hall Hotel. The spring was very securely tubed in 1872. at the large expense of $15,000. The Hathorn is one of the most valuable springs in Saratoga. Great quantities of water are bottled and sold in the leading towns and cities of the United States and Canada. The water contains 888.03 grainsof solid contentsin a gallon, and combines chloride of sodium, the prevailing chemical element of all the Saratoga Spring waters, with bicarbonate of lithia, and other valuable properties 57 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Analysis of the Hathorn Spring Water. Chlorirle of Sodium 5(J9.<»fi8 s Chloride of Potassium 9.597 Bromide of Sodium 1.584 Iodide of Sodium 198 Fluoride of Calcium a trace. Bicarbonate of Lithia .... 11.447 Bicarbonate of So "a 4.288 Bicarbonate of Magnesia . . 176.4(53 B carbonate of Lime 17U.f)4(5 Picarbonate of Strontia. . . a trace. picarbonace of Baryta 1.787 picarbonate of Iron 1.128 Sulphate of Potassa Phosphate ( if Soda Bi borate of Soda . . . none. .006 gra. . . a trace Akimina Silica .181 " 1.2«)0 •' Organic matter . . a trace. Total solid contents.... SS8 4308 Carbonic Acid Gas in 1 gal., o75.74?i inches. Den.«ity, 1.009. The High Rock Spring Js on Spring Avenue, near the Empire, Star and Seltzer, and is believed to be the first which was discovered in this vicinity. The peculiar mineral formation which gives its name is a great INTERIOR OF HIGH ROCK SPRING. cnrioaity. and early attracted the attention of Indian hunters &xid the white pioneers of American civilization. The water has 58 SARATOGA ILI-USTEATED. built a f'lirb for itself, the foundations of which must have been laid when the continent was in its infancy. The water being im- pregnated with particles of mineral substances, probably at first saturated the ground about the outlet of the spring. As the water evaporated, a S[)ecies of rock was fonned by the com- mingling of earth and mineral ; and the continual overflow of mineral water gradually built up the present curious dome- shaped rock, which is Sh feet high, and 23 feet 4 inches in cir- cumference, and looks like a miniature volcano. There is an Indian tradition that, many years ago, the water ceased to flow over the rock, owing to the displeasure of the Great Spirit. The water, however, remained within reach from the top, and the overflow probably found a way of escape through cracks which eventually have been stopped by deposits from the water. A handsome pagoda has been erected over the spring, and a bottling house near by contains the usual apparatus for preparing the water for market. It is said that the first white man who used these waters was Sir William Johnson, who was brought in the year 1767 through the wilderness, which then surrounded Saratoga, on a litter, and- drank the water a few weeks, when he was able to walk away without assistance. The High Rock Spring, which may therefore be looked upon as the father of all these healing waters, has stood the test of over a century. Its water is a su- perior tonic, and cathartic as well as alterative. It is useful in Rheumatism, Scrofula. Dyspepsia, Constipation, and is especially beneficial in its operation upon the kidneys and liver ; and in- deed it purifies and renovates the whole system, clearing and beautifying the complexion and prolonging life. The High Rock water cures Biliousness, corrects acidity of the stomach, and relieves nervous or feverish irritation and headache. Perhaps there is no class of mineral water drinkers who enjoy a visit to Saratoga so much, or who realize so fully and so speedily the benefits arising from drinking the water, as the class of per- sons known as "free livers." They suffer from functional dis- turbance arising from too much food. But when daily drinking the water they are wholly exempt from all inconvenience arising from such surfeit not only, but can use double the quantity of food and drinks previously taken, and experience no inconvenience 59 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The acid products which follow such free living under othe* circumstances, and which produce wakefulness, with morbid, nervous, and cerebral symptoms, are wholly prevented by the use of this water, and refreshing sleep, long deferred, is fully enjoyed. All such of the above class as have become more or less diseased from liberal living, may have their stomachs restored to a healthy condition by the use of this water. As an Aperient or Cathartic the water should be taken in the morning, half an hour before breakfast, its temperature not over cool. For instant action, warm the water slightly. As a Tonic, the water should be taken cool and in small quan- tities. When drank at meals as a beverage, the system will retain the minerals with strengthening and stimulating effect. The condition of the system, which marks the early stage of the fearful disease of Scrofula, is usually removed by a timely and faithful use of the High Rock Water. Scorbutic persons, both young and more advanced in life, often witness large scrofulous tumors rapidly pass away under the influence of thismineral water. The utmost care has been taken in retubing not only to keep out all impure and fresh waters, but also to retain the fixed car- bonic acid gas, for vvhicli this spring is pre-eminently celebi-ated. High Rock Spring- is controlled by an influential party, wiio has taken possession of the property with a determination to ex- tend the sales of the water of this valuable and famous spring. Mrs. W. K. Young is owner and manager. The following analysis of the High Rock Spring water was made by Prof. C. F. Chandler, Ph. D., of Columbia College Scliool of Alines, who collected the water at the spring for analysis: Analysis of one U. S. gallon: Bicarbonate of Lime. . .131,739graii?%. Chloride of Sodium 390.127 grains Chloride of Potassium .. . 8.497 Bromide of Sodium 0.731 " Iodide of Sodium 0.986 " Fluoride ot CaL ium trace. Sulpliateof I'otassa 1.608 '' Bicarbonate of Baryta. . . . trace. Biearbonaie of Strontia.. trace. Total 628 .039 Carboni-^ Acid Gas 4^)9.458 cub. ia 60 Bicarbonateof Magnesia 54.924 Bicarbonate of Soda 34.888 Bicarbonate of Iron .... 1 .478 Phosphate of Lime trace. Alumina I.i28 Silica 2.2b0 K * SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Seltzer Spring- is close to High Rock Spring, uiid in the neighborhood of the Star and P]mpire. Although in sueii close proximity thereto, its water is entirely different. This is the only Seltzer spring in this country. The character of the water is almost identical with that of the celebrated Nassau Spring of Germany, which is justly esteemed so delicious bv the natives of the " Fatherland." The Red Spring- and Baths. This celebrated remedial Spring, located just north of the Em- pire Spring, was discovered in 1770, since which time the efficacy of its waters in the cure of eruptive and skin diseases has been constantly demonstrated, as the multiplied testimonials of its grateful patrons, from every portion of the Union, fully attest. The Red Spring W v^*"r is a powerful alkaline ; hence, those acids which produce rheumatism, gout, and kindred diseases are neu- tralized by its use. Indeed, to its action in neutralizing the acids of the stomach may be attributed the remarkable efficacy of the water in the cure of that wide-spread and most distressing mal- ady, dyspepsia. In a general sense the therapeutic effects of the water are alterative, and it is especially adapted to inflamed mucous membranes. Indeed, inflammation, whether internal or external, cannot abide contact with Red Spring water. Drinking the water, or bathing with or in it, as the necessities of the case 61 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. require, invariably allays inflammation and restores the organ or the surface affected, to its normal condition. Salt iheum, scrof- ula, ulcers, inflamed eyes, granulated eyelids, kidney difficulties, rheumatism and cancerous affections are among the diseases for which Red Spring water is a sovereign remedy. The alterative properties of the water are so great that small quantities of it produce the desired effect; it is accordingly peculiarly adapted to the weakest stomachs in external chronic diseases. The won- derful virtue of the water in curing salt rheum was spoken of fifty years ago by Dr. Steele, in his work on "Mineral Waters." Yielding to the continuous public demand for Red Spring wa- ter baths, the Red Spring Company has erected a commodious bath house with modern appliances for giving hot, cold or tepid mineral baths. A series of plunge baths for learners, and per- sons who enjoy the luxury of swimming without incurring any of its perils, has also been constructed. The Red Spring water is bottled and shipped to every portion of the country, and is rapidly acquiring the reputation which it deserves, of being the leading mineral water in the Union for the cure of the diseases we have enumerated. The Spring is situated in the midst of beautiful surroundings, and the throng of visitors who crowd the colonnade during the season attests the fame and popularity of this perennial fountain of healing waters. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Saratoga Mag-netic Spring* is sitnuted on S[»i-iii«j;' Avt'iiur, in t lie valley opposite IJie. lliol, Rock Spring. It is unlike all other sju-ings in Saratoi;a, iiaving that wonderful inaguetic influence which is one of llie great marvels of nature. Its healing powers and pr()})erlies luive been thoroughly tested, and found to be valuable. The waters are bottled, and used for bathing pui"i)Oses. Tlu' balh-liouse is two stories high, the upper floor Ijeing reserved for tiie exclusive use of ladies. The baths are found to be highly efficacious in the cui-e of rheunuitisni, neuralgia, cutaneous and nervous affections, and have a perceptible tonic influence upon the system. They are patronized by a large number of people. The Patterson Spring is on Phila Street, near Broadway, only one block from the United States Hotel. This is a new spring, that in cathartic, alterative and effervescent qualities is unrivaled, and in its result is called "wonderful." The spring pavilion is the most elegant in the village, and being so pleasantly located is a popular resort for visitors at Saratoga, The following analysis made by Prof. C. P. Chandler, of the Columbia College School of Mines, in June, 1889, states : New York, June 13, 1889. The sample of water taken by our assistant from the spring at Saratoga, N. Y., April, 1889, marked Patterson Spring water, submitted to us for examination, contains in one United States gallon of 231 cubic inches : Chloride of Sodium . . .269.9-305 grain Chloride of Potassium. 11. 9095 " Bromide of Sodium. . . . 0.6778 '' Iodide of Sodium 0.1542 " Fluoride of Calcium. . . trace Bicarboiuite of Ammo- nium 2.00.56 " Bicarbonate of Lithia. . 2.3199 " Bicarbonate of Soda. . . 18.7644 " Bicarbonate of Mag- nesia 80.1967 " Bicarbonate of Lime.. .129.4174 " Bicarbonate of Strontia trace Bicarbonate of Barj'ta, trace Bicarbonate of Iron. . . 1.2173 grains. Bicarbcmate of Manga- nese 0.0844 " SulphMte of Potai^sa... 0.4424 " Borate of Soda trace Alumina 0.0467 " Silica 1.0264 " Organic Matter trace Total 518.1833 grains. Carbonic Acid Gas 417.0676 cubic inches, 6J SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Star Spring. To reach this spring from Congress Hall, follow Broadway ijorih five blocks to the railroad. Turn to the right, and then to the second left, and in a few steps tiie long flight of stairs lead- ing down the bluff to the spring will be found. This spring was formerly known as the President and the Iodine. It is over half a century since its waters were first known and used, but their full virtues were not developed until 1862. In 1880 it was re- tubed, and tubing carried 44 feet into solid rock, securing per- fect freedom from surface waters. The water is largely charged with caibonic acid gas, which renders it peculiarly valuable as a bottling water, since it preserves its freshness much longer than waters containing a smaller amount of the gas. The great medicinal properties of the Star consist in the large quantity of iodine and bromide of sodium, there being 2 grs. of iodine and 14 grs. of bromide to each quart. The proprietors of the Star were the fii-st to introduce Saratoga Water to the public, on draught. The bottling -house is a handsome brick building, and is sup- plied with every convenience for business. Visitors are invited to inspect the house and the work of bottling. 64 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Star Spring Number 2 was discovered in 1885, by drilling through the solid rock for 200 or 300 feet. Although near the old President or Star Spring, its waters are somewhat different. It is an alkaline water, and is very palatable and agreeable as a table water. The sale of it was first begun in 1889, and 8,000 to 4,000 cases or about 150,000 bottles of it are sold every year. It is packed in cases each con- taining 50 quart bottles, or 100 i)fnt bottles, and sold at the usual prices for natural mineral spring waters. It is used largely as a table water, and its very agreeable flavor makes it very pop- ular for this purpose. Large quantities of it are bottled and sold every year. While the immediate effect of the Star Spring water is carthartic, its remote effect is alterative, and this, after all, should be considered the most important, as the water thus reaches and changes the morbid conditions of the system. As a cathartic it should be taken in the morning before eating, in quantities of a pint or more as the case may require. If the stomach is weak and feeble and other waters have proved too irritable, Star water will work like a charm. For dyspepsia and indigestion, drink witli meals and before retiring. The val- uable properties of the New Star Spring water are clearly brought out in the analysis nuide by Prof. C. F. Chandler, Ph.D. ANALYSIS OF NEW STAR SPRING WATER. The following are I lie results of inj^ analj'sis of the sample of the New Star Spring water submitted to me for examination : Grains* in one U. S. Gallon of 231 Cubic Inches. Chloride of Sodium . 137. BU4 grains Chloride of Potassium. 7.502 " Chloride of Ammonium 0.808 " Bromide of Sodium 0.361 " Iodide of Sodium trace. Fluoride of Calcium. .. trace. Bicarbonate of Lit hia.. 2.038 " Bicarbonate of Soda 18.309 Bicarbonate of Magnesia 47.143 " Bicarbonate of Lime.. .118.327 " Bicarbonate of Stronria. . 0.0K.5 Carbonic Acid Gas, 40(i.92.'i cubic inches. Respeclfuliy, Your obedient servant, C. F. CHANDLER, Ph.D Star Spring Co., Saratoga, N. Y., Aug. 3, 1895. 64a Bicarbonate of Baryta. . 0.303 grains. Bicarbonate of Iron 2.516 " Sulphate of Potassa 0.575 " Phosphate of Soda trace. Biborato of Soda trace. Nitrate of Soda 0.085 " Alumina 0.064 " Silica 0.857 " Total 337.177 grains SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. About one mile south of the village of Saratof^a Springs, and near the line of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad, is a very- interesting group of springs of quite varied mineral properties. Though they are quite near one another, yet they possess quite different mineral properties, pome containing large quantities of chloride of sodium and largely charged with carbonic acid gas, and others are alkaline and alterative. One of the most valuable and popular of this group of springs is the Saratoga Vichy Spnng. 'MiiS^-^^m-^- VB-.V- — -~ r-;*' bAKATOGA VICllY bPKlNG IN Ib'ii. Is delightfully located on Ballston Avenue, opposite Geyser Spring, in the midst of a park embracing a beautiful sloping lawn studded with forest trees on one side, and the pretty Httlu G-eyser Like on the other. Its surroundings arc very picturesque, and ai'e among the n)ost attr.-u^tive scenery about Saratoga. It was discovered in tlie month of March, 1872, by drilling in the solid rock to the depth of 180 feet. 05 SAKATOGA ILLUSTRATED. This spring contains more soda and less salt than any other *iaratoga water, and takes special rank at once among the valu- able mineral waters of this famous Spa, from its wonderful sim- ilarity to the Vich> waters of France. It is the only alkaline water found at Saratoga, and a specific in those troublesome affectioms arising from Acidity of the Stomach, Dyspepsia, Kid ney and Bladder Difficulties ; several remarkable cases are already recorded of these diseases cured by its use. The follow- ing analysis of the Saratoga Vichy, made by Prof, C. F. Chan- dler, of the Columbia College School of Mines, demonstrates its value as a medicinal agent, and as an alkaline water of equal merit with the celebrated French Vichy. Contains in one U. S. gallon of 231 cnbic inches : Chloride of Sodium 128.089 ' Bicarbonate of Strontia, , . . . trace. Chloride of Potassium 14.113 Bicarbonate of Barj'ta 0.5 Bromide of Sodium 0.S90 Iodide of Sodium trace Fluoride of Calcium , trace, Bicarbonate of Lithia 1.7<>0 Bicarbonate of Soda. . , 8ti.S73 Bicarbonate of Mai;:nesia 41.503 Bicarbonate of Iron 0.052 Sulphate of Potassa trace. Phosphate of Soda trace. Biborate of Soda trace. Alumina 0.473 Silica 0.758 Bicarbonate of Lime 95.522 Organic Matter trace. Carbonic Acid Gas in one gallon, 383.071 cubic inches. Temperature 50° F. The Saratoga Vichy is an excellent table water, and superior to the French Vichy, as it contains more natural carbonic acid gas, and mixes readily with all wines. It is not a cathartic water (but mildly laxative if taken in quantity before breakfast), and can be drank at all times with its good effect as a Nervous Stim- ulant, and in diseases of the stomach, kidneys, and bladder. Geyser, Congress, Hathorn, and other prominent Saratoga mineral springs are saline waters, but the Saratoga Vichy is an alkaline water; that is, the alkaline properties (lithia, soda, magnesia, lime, etc.) overbalance the saline properties— chlo- ride of sodium (salt), and is therefore recommended in an entirely different class of cases. When the blood is impoverished from want of proper assimilation of food, or feeble tone of the stomach generally, when the system is below the normal standard and requires "toning up," the Saratoga Vichy should be used. One of the most remai'kable effects of Saratoga Vichy is the improvement or restoration of impaired digestive functions, in- crease of appetite and improved tone. Dyspepsia is therefore a special field for use of this water, especially when accompanied SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. with sour stomach, slowness of digestion, loss of appetite, vertigo, weakness, etc. The Saratoga Vichy is rapidly gaining popular favor, and is much used in our large cities in place of the French Vichy waters, which are frequently stale. Genuine Saratoga Vichy is put up in amber-colored glass bottles, half pints, pints, and quarts. Circulars containing full directions for its use may be obtained from those selling the water, or the Saratoga Vichy Spring Co., at Saratoga Springs, N. Y. R. A. Roberts, Esq., of Yonkers, is President, and A. G. Munn, Jr., Treasurer of the Company. Mr. L. A. James, of Saratoga Springs, is the efficient Superintendent. The Washington Spring Is situated in the grounds of the Clarendon Hotel, on South Broadway. It is a chalybeate, or iron, sprhig, having tonic and diuretic properties. The solid contents of this water are l^ss in quantity than those of many of the Saratoga springs, and the min- eral properties are somewhat ditferent from those of a majority of the other springs. This water has less soda and more iron in it than any other spring water in Saratoga, except, perhaps, the Columbian, and its properties and medicinal effects are very simi- lar to that noted spring. There is a peculiar inky taste of iron to the water which is quite perceptible, and which distinctly classes it as a tonic water. One glass of it at a time is quite sufficient for tonic purposes. It should not be taken in large quantities, lest a headache should ensue, but in moderate amount it usually produces very satisfactory tonic results. It should be taken in the afternoon or evening, before or after meals, or just before retiring. Many regard this as the most agreeable beverage in Saratoga. It is frequently called the "Champagne Spring," from its sparkling properties. It is a very popular spring, and in the afternoon is thronged with visitors. Its grounds are very picturesque, and in the evening are lighted by gas. The Claren- don band discourses on the neighboring piazza in summer, and fashionably attired people throng beneath the majestic pines, forming one of those peculiar group pictures which render Sara- toga so charming. 67 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Lincoln Spring is situated on the west side of Soutli Broadway, Saratoga Springs, just OIK' mile south from Moiiunient Square, on the Lincoln S})ring' Co.'s property. This reumrkahle spring was discovered in .Mai'ch, 1890, by drilling tiirougli tiieeartli's surface to a distance of 4:2.-) feet. From this [)oint tiie waters of the spring rushed fortli into t lie air, thoroughly chai-ged with carbonic acid gas, and developing one of the most valuable springs yet discovered at this famous resort. The spring has been securely tubed, and proper means have been taken to preserve this valuable water from any contamination by the commingling of any surface water oi- of any substance that would in any way dilute or have any. deleteri- ous effect upon it. The water has been analyzed by Professor Perkins, of Union College, His analysis discloses the presence in the water of many valual)le properties similar in general char- acter to those of the most celebrated Saratoga springs, but com- bined in such a manner as to produce one of the most effective and desirable waters found at this celebrated spa. The water is a saline-alkaline, very agreeable to the taste, and acts with the best results on the kidneys, stomach, and bladder. The lithia it contains is valuable in kidney and l)ladder tronbles, and the magnesia serves to correct aiul regulate the stonuich which may be disturbed by indigestion or other liarmful causes. Lincoln Spring water is a great blood })ui-ifier, and has a soothing, quiet- ing effect on the system, producing influences which promote sleep and rest and tone up the systeih. It is a delicious table water, well suited to all the i)urposes of the dinner, and may be used freely without any harmful effects. It ranks among the very best of the many wonderful mineral fountains found at Sara- toga Springs. It pos.sesses several valuable chemical properties which are disclosed in the analysis and which are combined in such a manner as to give the most agreeable and favorable effects. The water acts as a tonic when ind)ibed in small quantities. It will also serve as a cathartic when taken half an hour before the breakfast meal. It is not injurious to persons who are well and do not need any medicine, but tends to keep the system in healthy condition. 67a SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Herewith we give the full analysis of the Lincoln mineral water, made by Professor Perkins of Union College. ANALYSIS OF LINCOLN SPRING. Chemical Laboratory Union College, | Schenectady, N. F., May 14, 1896. j Chemical analj'sis of water taken by myself from the spring of the Wilcox- Harvey Company, in Saratoga, April 26, 1806. Solids in solution in one U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches : Sodium Chloride 315.2088 grains. Potassium Chloride... 22.9500 ^' Sodium Bromide 10.7404 '• Sodium Iodide 2338 " Calcium Fluoride traces Potassium Nitrate 1053 " AmmoniumBicarbonate .4109 " Sodium Bicarbonate. .. 32.8614 " Lithium Bicarbonate.. 2.7678 " MagnesiumBicarbonatel08.5719 " Bicarbonate of Lime. .176.2835 " Bicarbon. of Strontium traces Bicarbonate of Barium 1.4008 " Bicarbonate of Iron. . . .6440 " Bicarl). of Manganese.. .1009 grains Potassium Sulphate.. traces Bi borate of Sodium.. traces Sodium Phosphate .0914 " Alumina 0348 " Silica. 1 9495 " Total 674.3552 grains. Temp, of Water 47.5 Fahr. Temperature of Air.. 69. " Height of Barometer .30.5 iitches. Specific Gravity of Water at 50. Fahr— 1.018 Carbonic Acid Gas, 416 cubic inches. MAURICE PERKINS, Professor of Chemistry in Union College. The Lincoln Spring Company, recognizing this water as being one destined to be of great benefit to mankind, desired to give to it an appropriate name, and therefore named it the Lincoln Spring, after one of the noblest and most beneficent of American statesmen. The water of this spring is sure to be one of the lead- ing mineral waters. Its flavor is very agreeable, and its medi- cinal effects are of the most satisfactory character. The water is bottled at the spring in all its natural purity in such a manner as to retain the natural carbonic acid gas with which it is so abund- antly charged, and which physicians so highly recommend. Guests of the hotels and boarding-houses will be interested in visiting this latest addition to the mineral springs of Saratoga, and a drive or walk from the village to t^ie spring and return will amply repay all visitors at tint's famous resort. All orders for the water should be addressed to Lincoln Spring, Saratoga Springes, N. Y. 076 ^^.,. SAllATOGA TlJ.rSTKATED. The Arondack or Saratog-a Kissingen Spring. fes a mile south of Saratoga Village, north of Ballston Arenue, the drive to Ucyscr Lake, just west of Ihe railroad erop-'irig. It was developed in 1872, by boring through the solid rock to a depth of VJ'l feet. When allowed to flow with full torce, the pressure of the carbonic acid gas forces a stream of mineral water out of the i)iping 20 or 30 feet into the air. The water is highly effervescent and very agreeable to the taste. It mixes well with wines and with milk, and is unexcelled as a table water The medicinal effects of this water are aperient, diuretic, alterative and tonic. It is wonderfully efficacious in its action on the stomach, liver and kidneys, and greatly promotes digestion. Analysis by James R. Nichols & Co., Boston, of oneU. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches : Chloride of Sodium, grains. . . .135.500 Chloride of Potas.-ium 16 980 Bromide of Sodium l.MUO Iodide of Sodium 042 Fluoride of Calcium trace. Bicarbonate of Lithia . 5.1-^9 Bicarbonate of Soda 76.617 Bicarb(mate of Magnerria 70.470 Bicarbonate of Lime 40.260 Bicarbonate of Strontia trace. Bicarbonate of Baryta 992 Bicarbonate of Iron , 1 .5.57 Sulphate of Potassa trace. Alumina trace. Silica 1.28G Organic Matter trace. Total solid contents in one United States gallon, in grains .^34.627 Temperature, 40° Fahrenheit. Density 1.0060 Cubic inches COj in one gal., 361.5. Total res'due by evaporation 432.634 The large amount of carbonic acid gas contained in the water preserves its palatable properties in all varieties of climate, and hence it is a valuable spring water for bottling and marketing. It is put up in amber-colored glass bottles, and securely packed in cases containing two dozen quart bottles or four dozen pint bottles. The water is bottled and shipped at the spring, in commodious buildings erected for this purpose. It is served in glasses, free, to visitors at the spring, Saratoga Kissingen Gin- ger Ale excels domestic ales, and is not inferior to any imported brand. It is smooth and less sharp than the imported Ginger Ales, leaving none but pleasant effects after drinking. It is the favorite with ladies. All objectionable mineral laste has been eliminated, and by using no artiticial gas, but bottling with the natural Kissingen, delicious Ginger Ale is produced, possessing healthful properties, and may be used medicinally with beneficial effects in stomach, kidnev, and bladder troubles. 68 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED Champion Spouting Spring-. This phenomenal fountain is about one mile and a half south of the village of Saratoga Springs, near the carriage road leading to Ballston Spa. just east of the Eailroad. It is one of the group of celebrated Spouting Springs which have recently been devel- oped and become a wonderful feature of the great watering-place. It was discovered in 1871, after sinking a shaft to the unusual depth of 300 feet. From this deeply concealed cavern, the pre- cious fountain burst forth to light, sending a column of water six and one-half inches in diameter, 25 or 30 feet into the air, pre- senting a marvelous and beautiful spectacle. The gaseous force of the water has been checked by a strong iron cap, fastened to the top of the tubing, and only a small jet of water is allowed to escape, except when this cap is removed, and the water darts forth in large volume to a height of 80 to 100 feet, imitating the wonderful Yellowstone and Iceland Geysers. These Saratoga Geysers are exceedingly interesting, and should be visited. During the winter the water freezes around the tube, and gradually forms a column of solid ice from 30 to 40 feet high, and several feet in diameter. On another page we present an engraving of this wonderful spring, as it appears in winter. This marvelous spring possesses the chemical elements common to the Saratoga spring waters, in larger quantities than any other spring yet developed. We append the analysis by Prof. C. F. Chandler, of Columbia College New York: SOLID CONTENTS OP ONE U. S. GALLON, 231 CUBIC INCHES. Chl'>ride of Sodium 702.239 Bicarbonate of Baiyta 2. 08o Chloride of Potassium 40. .46 i Bicarbonate of Iron 0.647 Bromide of Sodium 3.579 I diileof Sodium 0.234 Fluoiide of Calcium trace. Bicarbonate of Lilhia 6.247 JJic 'ibonate of Soda 17.624 Bicarbonate of Magrnesia 193.912 j (Jrganic matter trace. Bicirbouate of Lime 227.070 I Bicarbtmate of Stronlia : 0.082 1 Total Rrains 1195.582 Carbonic Acid Gas, 465.458 cubic inches. Temperature, 48" Fahr. It contains more mineral properties per gallon than any other spring water in Saratoga. Hence a less quantity will produce the usual effect. It acts very favorably upon the kidneys and liver, and its medicinal value is established by the testimony of high medical authority. 69 Sulpliate of Potassa 0.252 Pliosphate of Soda O.oiO Biborate of Soda trace Alumina 0.4,58 Silica 699 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Saratoga Victoria Spring. This vahiabh^ new H|)ring is located ii» a lari^e building formerly used as a bott ling-house for tiie Champion Spouting Spring, in the region known as The Geysers, about a mile south of Saratoga village. It was developed in May, ls92, by drilling 301 feet into the solid rock The spring has been thoroughly tubed with the best iron tubing, and tlic pure. s])ark]ing water is forced to the surface through the long iron tube, by the ])0wer of its inherent carbonic acid gas, generated and commingled with the water in nature's laboratory more than 300 feet beneath i he earth's sur- face. When the spring was discovered, it was declared by the best experts to be a very superior water and a valuable addition to Saratoga's famous healing fountains. Becaus'- of its absolute purity, agreeable flavor, and brilliant sparkle, it has already acquired a wide reputation as a most excellent table water. Being thoroughly impregnated with its own natural carbonic acid gas, it is very refreshing, and preserves an exceedingly pleasant taste. It is one of the purest and most perfect table waters ever offered to the public. The Victoria is pronounced by expert chemists and physicians to be an unsurpassed specific in nervous pi-ostration, kidney dis- eases, indigestion, acid dyspepsia, etc. It is highly relished by invalids, because of its pleasant taste and refreshing qualities, and can be used freely in convalescent stages of fever. Weak and nervous children thrive with its use, and a bottle of Saratoga Victoria, taken on retiring, will be found an excellent remedy for sleeplessness. Pleasant in taste, efficacious in disorders and diseases, and yet mild, it deserves pre-eminence among mineral waters. Clear, sparkling, and invigorating, it is destined to rank high among the best table waters of the world. The Saratoga Victoria Water is one of the finest alkaline waters yet discovered Professor Perkins, the eminent chemist of Union College, wlic analyzed it, gave his valuable testimony to the high merits of Saratoga Victoria Water, iu the following letter to the Super- intendent of the spring : 7J SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. D. Kennedy, Esq., Supt. Victoria Spring, Saratoga Springs, N. Y, Dear Sir : — Please find enclosed the results of the chemical analysis of the water of the Victoria Spring. ♦ I think you have a very vahial)le water. It differs just enough from the other Saratoga springs to give it a character oi its own, and you have in the water ail the constituents found in the other springs. There is enough of Chloride of Sodium to give the water a good taste, but not so much as to make it acrid. The quantity of the Bicarbonate of Sodium is above the average, and it seems"to me to be a most vahiable constituent, giving the water a decidedly alkaline character. A very valuable characteristic of this water is the long lime it can be kept without sediment, and clear. The quantity of gas is large, and the water has a very pleasant taste. T think you are to be congratulated on your spring, and it cer- tainly is full as deserving of success as any other of the springs in Saratoga. Respectfully, Maurice Perkins, A.M., M.D., Professor of Chemistrij in Union College, Schenectady, X. Y. ; Professor of Chemical Philosophy in Albany Medical Colkge, etc. Saratoga Victoria Water is sold and shipped in bottles only. These are securely packed in boxes and shipped to all piirts of the world. Parties wishing to order this water direct from the spring should address Saratoga Victoi-ia Spring Inc., P. 0. Box 93, Saratoga Springs, X. Y. The Pavilion Spring-, is situated in Saratoga Village, in the valley, a few rods east of Bi'oadway, between Lake Avenue and Caroline Street, at the head of Spring Avenue. If was formerly a proiDiiicnt spring water, but its sale has not Ixtii pushed eiiei-^cl ically of late, and hence the water is not so i^eiieraliy used as foniiei-ly. Vkix some years the spring and yi-ouuds have been very much neulecliMl. and the property has fallen iiiln L;-euei-al disuse. It is practically abandoned for selling purpo.ses. 71 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Saratoga White Sulphur Springs and Eureka Bathing Pavilion and Park arc nniong" tlie most iirijioitaiil and valuable features of Saratoga's attractions. They are situated about one mile east of the village of Saratoga Springs and the principal hotels, and about one- (piarler of a mile east of Excelsior Spring and Pai'k. Stages run hourly from the yillage to the spring and return. This pi-o[)erty has been favorably known at Saratoga for many years, but for a time has not been used. But in the spring of 18JJ6 Air. ]\I()nis Fi-anklin, of New York, bought the property and has gi-eatly improved it. He retubed the spring and built an exten- sive bathhouse, and put into it a. large number of modern porce- lain bathtubs of the finest quality, and provided every facility for the most luxurious hot and cold water baths known to sanitary science. He gives the massage treatment, Swedish movements and manual gymnastics at the Eureka Bathing Pavilion, and has experienced and skillful operators from New York in constant attendance. Luxurious waiting rooms are pro- vided. This White Sulphur Spring water is unlike the waters of the most of the Saratoga springs, being a pure white sulphur water. It is used for bathing and- drinking, but is not bottled and sold in the market. The only place where the benefits of its healing properties can be secured is at the spring and bathing pavilion. It is the best cure known for rheumatic and skin dis- eases, gout, lumbago, sciatica, atrophy, and all chronic diseases. These baths promote the circulation of the blood and restore action, and are highly rec-ommended by the most .celebrated physicians. The envij-omncnt of the pavilion and t^pring has been greatly improved. A bcaulifully wooded park immediately surrounding the pavilion lias l)eeii opened to tii(> pul)lic. Here the visitor may stroll through delightful walks under magnificent old trees and thi'ough shaded glens, inhaling the purest ozone and enjoying the beautiful prospects of this delightful region. The Eureka Spring is but a few yards south of the White Sulphur Spring and l)ath house. Its valuable properties have been well known for many years. Tiiese springs and grounds should be visited, not alone for the healing qualities of tlie waters, but for the enjoyment of the beauties of the natural scenery around them. 73 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Preparing: the "Waters for Export. The bottling and packing is carried on throughout the year^ and, excejit during the height of the visiting season, when so much is consumed at the springs as materially to decrease the supply for bottling, the work is prosecuted night and day. The arrangements for this purpose are the most complete of anything of the kind in the country, and all the various operations are carried on with a care, skill, and perfection uni:urpassed. In order to increase the facilities for obtaining bottles, the Congress Spring Company erected a good glass-house some time since, and now, not only this company, but many of the others are easily supplied with such bottles as they need. Some of the bottles are of dark green or brown glass, and others are of white or crystal glass. Each bottle, before being filled, is thoroughly washed and rinsed with both warm and cold water, a stream of each of which is constantly pouring into the tanks before the washers. To detach any impurities that cannot be removed by other means, a small brass chain is dropped into each bottle and thoroughly shaken about. The substitution of this simple and effective method of cleansing for the use of shot or pebbles is an im- provement which might well be adopted by every housewife. The corks used are all branded with the initials or trademarks of the companies, and none but the very first quality of cork- wood is used. The name of company can be easily seen through the glass, and none but the willfully stupid need be deceived in buying a single pint or quart. For instance, the corks of the Congress Spring Co.'s bottles are marked thus: Congress Water_, Columbian Water, C. S. Co. C. S. Co. The brands used for this purpose are set into a small table, their lettereil faces being nearly level wUh its surface. They are kept hot by a jet of gas turned on them from below, and the 74 SAUATOGA ILLUSTRATED. corks receive their brand by being rolled over the heated types-^ an expert boy performing the simple oi)eration very rapidly. The wire used for securing the corks is manufactured express- ly for the purpose from the finest (piality of co{)per, some two thousand pounds being required annually by one company. The bottles are securely packed in wooden boxes, and every box is fully marked to prevent all mistake. Each box contains a convenient quantity for family use, which is usually two dozen quart or four dozen pint bottles. The waters are either pumped through block-tin pipes from the springs, or are forced into the bottles by their own hydrostatic pressure. When pumps are employed a large receiver is used to hold the water under pressure and free from contact with the air, and in drawing it the utmost care is taken to prevent the escape of the gas held in the water. In the case of tbe pipe wells the water is drawn like so much soda-water into the bottles, from pipes that tap the main wells many feet below their outlets. At the Congress Spring the water now flows directly into the bottles, and is thus preserved in all its purity and strength. The system' of filling the bottles is such as to preserve all the natural carbonic acid gas with which the water is charged when it comes from the reservoirs deep down in the earth. This gas is essential to the life of the water, and necessary to keep it from growing flat and insipid. The corks, after being soaked in warm water until they be- come so soft as to be easily compressed, are driven into the bot- tles by machinery, the process reducing their size before enter- ing the bottles about one-third. It recjuires a strong bottle to stand the pressure of their expansion after being driven in, and even strong men sometimes find it difficult to pull them out. A single workman will fill and cork from fifteen to twenty dozen bottles per hour. After being filled and corked, the bottles are laid upon their sides in large bins, holding from one hundred and fifty to two hundred dozen each, where they are allowed to remain four or five days, or longer, to test the strength of the bottles by the ex- pansion of the gas, and also to detect any corks that maybe leaky or otherwise imperfect. The breakage, while in thi;3 situation 75 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. is about five per cent, of the whole immber filled. The bottles frequently burst with a sharp report, like the firing of a pistol or the cracking of champagne bottles. All leaky corks are drawn, and the bottles refilled with water direct from the spring. While all these precautions add largely to the expense of put- ting up the waters, they render a leaky, and consequently a bad, bottle almost impossible, and they also render breakage in sub- sequent handling a matter of rare occurrence. When the bottles and corks have been thus thoroughly tested, the corks are securely wired, this operation being performed with great rapidity by employees long trained to the work. The next process is the packing in cases, which is also done with great care and remarkable dexterity. The neck of each bottle is firmly wound with clean, new straw, and the bottles are placed on their sides in tiers of equal number, a parting strip of straw being laid between each bottle and its neighbor on either side. A layer of straw is also placed between the tiers of bottles as well as at the top and bottom of the box. When the box is filled, the packer walks over the bottles, for the double purpose of settling them properly in their places, and as a further test of their strength, before the lid is put in its place and nailed down. If a bottle gives way under the weight of the packer, of course the whole box is emptied, and not again repacked until it is thoroughly dry, as must be all the straw which is used for packing. As immense quantities of these waters are put up during the winter months, when the demand is comparatively small, and when the weather is usually too cold for their safe transporta- tion, large storage capacity is required to secure and protect the stock on hand. Some idea of the room required for this purpose may be formed from the fact that the buildings used exclusively for storing water in boxes, at the Congress Spring alone, have an area of over twelve thousand square feet on the ground floor, with capacity for safely keeping at a proper temperature through the winter months more than twenty thousand boxes of the water. The proprietors of the springs are always pleased to show the wonders of their bottling plants to visitors, and an instru,ctive hour may well be spent in them. 76 STUKb KOOaI, CuNUKKsti bl'lUJNU SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The rows of men and boys, bare-armed, before the steaming * washing tubs : the salt-incrusted receivers, and the bottle-filler, with dexterous fingers, loading up the pints and quarts ; the corker, with his queer machinery ; the huge bins of full or empty bot- tles piled in countless thousands, one over the other ; the curious industry of the wire-boys and the packers, and the vast caverns of the storage cellars all unite to make a scene of singular inter- est, and the intelligent visitor should make it a point to see, at least, one of these immense establishments. The export of spring water in casks is somewhat different. The casks are of the best of oak, and are securely lined with pure block-tin. This metal must not be confounded with our com- mon tinware. That is only sheet iron having a thin skin of tin. This tin coating soon wears away, and then the iron rusts, as the good housekeeper knows to her sorrow. Block tin, such as is used as a lining for these casks, is a soft, white metal, that contains no iron and cannot rust. It is made air-tight, and will hold the water alone without the cask. The cask is only to keep the tin cask inside in shape, as the metal is so soft that a barrel of water could hardly stand alone, much less be rolled about in a freight-car. There are two openings in these casks at the top, and to each is secured a block-tin pipe. One pipe extends nearly to the bot- tom of the cask, and the other is only an inch or two long. In filling the cask the water-pipe from the s|)ring is screwed to the top of the larger pipe, and the water, under the pressure of its gas, flows in and, driving the air out of a small air-hole, fills the cask. When it is full the air-hole is stopped up, but the press- ure is continued foi" a moment or two longer, so that that cask is not only filled solid, but is packed, so to speak, and the .water is under the same pressure in the cask as in its native spring. In those casks the waters of the Excelsior, Geyser, and other springs is readily transported to all pai'ts of the country. In drawing, the water, a block-tin pipe, with a suitable cooler, is at- tached to the longer pipe, and a small aii'-piimp to the shorter pipe. On pumpinji' air into the cask the water flows out through an ordinary soda-fountain faucet in its native purity. When tlie casks are empty they are returned for refilling, and it often 77 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. hapj)ens that a single dealer will have several casks constantly on the railroad, goinj,^ and comini:^ each way, perhaps two or three thousand miles or more, by rail or boat. The Danger of Artificial Waters. The value and importance of Saratoga's waters, and the ever- growing demand for them, has stimulated the manufacture of arriticial waters. Owners of soda apparatus, and druggists with small knowledge and smaller conscience, have concocted a num- ber of queer mixtures that they call mineral waters. Some of these strange drinks are about as useful and harmless as good Croton water and vastly dearer, for one can have that for the ask- ing. Some are put up in bottles and siphons, and called after famous Saratoga springs, and are even packed in abandoned Con- gress Water boxes. Their only connection with Saratoga is in name, and the name is a fraud and a pretense. Even the trade- marks of the springs have been imitated, and in the case of the Congress Spring, an important lawsuit was instituted, with the verdict in favor of the spring. The Congress Company thus speak of the matter : '• The use of the terms ' Congress Water,' ' Columbian Water,' or ' Empire Water,' alone or in combination with other words, when applied to any other than the liquids naturally flowing from these springs, is an evident violation of the rights of the proprie- tors, and a fraud upon the public. In a recent case, determined in the United States Court, the manufacturer and vender of an artificial compound, sold as Congress Water, were enjoined from putting up or selling 'any water not of the natural flow of the said spring, in bottles ori)ackages marked with the words "' Con- gress Water," or with words of like import.' It would be well for the public if this matter were more tully understood, as the arti- cles thus offered are entirely worthless, and often dangerous ; their use frequently producing griping pains, vertigo, etc., and some- times resulting in serious permanent difficulties — effects wholly different from those produced by the genuine waters. They weaken the digestive powers, and destroy the tone of the stom- ach and bowels, often rendering a mild case of dyspepsia incura- ble. Old boxes and bottles, bearing the genuiue brands, are 78 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. often bought up by counterfeiters for the pur-pose of filling them with their valueless articles — for which reason purchasers should always examine the corks, which cannot be used a second lime, and which, if the waters are genuine, will have the brand of the bottling company. " The injury inflicted by the sale of these artificial compounds upon the proprietors and the public is double ; for, on taking these spurious articles and finding either no effect, or injurious effects, from their use, purchasers in future refuse the genuine waters, supposing they have already tried them ; or, knowing that the waters used are artificial, decline the natural waters on the supposition that they have tried what is in substance the same, without benefit — as if there existed the slightest compari- son between them ! " That it is impossible to form these waters artificially, the testimony of scientific men is uniform and abundant. ' It is im- possible,' says the celebrated English chemist, Sir Humphry Davy, ' to recombine the ingredients so as to make an article of equal quality, the effects of which will be the same as the natural water.' The language of the late Dr. James Johnson, of London, is as follows : ' Mineral waters contain many agents which we cannot imitate by artificial combinations. This is proved by every day's observations. Thus, the saline, aperient mineral waters will produce ten times more effect than the identical materials artificially dissolved and mixed. The same is true with respect to the chalybeate springs. A grain of iron in them is more tonic than twenty grains exhibited according to the phar- macopoeia.' "An acorn may be analyzed, but it is as impossible for the chemist to form an acorn from its chemical elements as it is for him to create the oak which in the course of nature the acorn is destined to produce. To give the name, therefore, of Congress Water to a mere solution of common salt, soda, magnesia, lime, and iron, or other minerals, is as absurd as to give the name of wine to a mixture of cream of tartar, alcohol, and mineral salts, which this liquid proves to be when analyzed. " In so important a matter it is deemed well to add the testi- mony of Dr. Constantine James, to be found in his ' Practical 79 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Grtiide to the Mineral Watering: j)laces of Europe.' • 'Artificial mineral waters of the best fabrication are, in a medical and chemical i)oiiit of view, only a poor counterfeit of the real waters whose names tliey usurp. They are doubly pernicious, as they do not attain the physician's aims, and cast a certain discredit on the genuine production.' " The testimony of Dr. A. A. Hayes and S. Dana Hayes, Esq., State Assay ers for Massachusetts, is to the same effect : 'Al- though we know just what the genuine water contains, an arti- ficial water made by the analysis would not be the same thing medicinally. Mineral waters are the productions of natural chem- ical agencies, aided by time, and we really know but little of the resulting combinations and their physiological effects.' "However skillfully combined, therefore, the manufactured imitations may be, they are destitute of the characteristic proper- ties which nature so mysteriously and abundantly supplies in these springs. The editoi- of the ' New York Gazette ' gives his readers a timely caution as follows : ' If you don't want to grow old prematurely ; if you would keep the teeth in your mouth, the luster in your eyes ; if you would not have an used-up diges- tive apparatus ; if you would give a, wide berth to Bright's Dis- ease, which is making so many bite the dust ; then, first and most of all, don't drink the manufactured mineral waters that are offered from numberless fountains. They are sadly injurious, and very many people are drinking them to excess.' ' Go to the nat- ural springs,' says Dr. Bourdon, a celebrated French physician. ' Nature is far better than the laboratory. I cannot condemn in too strong terms the use of artificial mineral waters. They never replace those of the natural springs.' " The Paris " Figaro " says: The eminent French chemists, Bout- myand Dr. Lutaud, state that after having submitted several sam- ples of siphons to a chemical analysis they have found relatively considerable quantities of lead, ammoniac, and azotic substances. They have discovered as much as 14 milligr. of tin per litre, and in some samples up to 2 milligr. of copper. The natural waters are, at least, of a purity which it would be absurd to contest. 80 CHAPTER VL ENTERTAINING WALKS. Theke are a number of walks in and about Saratoga Springs, and the visitor will find ample space for exercise and amuse- ment. Shady woods, breezy hills, and crowded streets brilliunt with carriages, mingle in charming confusion, and present va- ried attractions in every direction. To give plain directions to enable the visitor to dispense with a guide, we will use the front steps of Congress Hall as a start- ing-point from which to make such walking or riding tours as seem desirable. Of course, the grand promenade is Broadway. Here one may see the great hotels, the cai'riages. and the gor- geous apparel. Fine raiment is a factor in the problem of Sara- toga happiness ; at least, the seeing it is ; though one need not ruin herself for millinery, unless one likes that sort of thing. It may be comforting to know that even dresses that liav^e been worn twice are allowable. You may be as sober as a subdued mouse if you choose, but the majority prefer the brilliancy of " enraged rat color," and the effect is vastly entertaining. Stand- ing on the front steps of Congress Hall, we have the lofty piazza of the Grand Union, its brilliant stores and throngs of visitors, opposite. The broad road, kept in fine order, and the wide grass- trimmed sidewalks are crowded with teams and people, and the scene is at once animated, iiigh-colored, and interesting. Min- gling in the multitude on the walk, we may turn to the right. Stores fully equal to city shops line the way. The American, the Adelphi, and the great United States hotels soon come oppo- site. Next stands the Worden Hotel, and the Holden House. The street turns slightly, and, after passing the Town Hall and the First Presbyterian Church, the hotels change to boarding- houses and private residences, and the stores to gardens. Cross- ing the railroad, the Waverly House, and the narrow entrance to tie Mount McGregor Railroad Depot are passed on the 81 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. right, and the Wasliington House and Broadway Hall on the left. Keeping on up the gentle hill, a number of new and very pretty gardens and villas are met, and between the houses on the right open wide views over the open country. The hills be- yond rise into lovely mountain ranges on the horizon. These are the Green Mountains in Vermont, and in many places about the Springs they make an ever-beautiful framework to the land- scape. This part of the town is laid" out with new^ streets, and has become a fashionable and very desirable quarter. To the left, west of Broadway, is the beautiful Woodlawn Park, in which is the summer villa of Hon. Henry Hilton. The Park, though private property, is thrown open to visitors who wish to stroll through its delightful grounds and groves, and enjoy its charm- ing scenery. Broadway continues further into the country, to Glen Mitchell, about 2^ miles from Cong'-ess Hall. The return walk leads again into all the crowds of elegant loiterers about the grand hotels, and ends where it began. Another and shorter walk turns to the left from Congress Hall, and follows South Broadway. Congress Park is on the left, and the site of the Grand Hotel, burned October 1, 1874, now occupied by stores and offices, and Crystal Spring, by the Columbian Hotel, and the hotel itself, are on the right, opposite Congress Park. On the east side of Broadway is the large, new Convention Hall, with seats for 5,000 people, and 30 or more committee rooms. Close to Convention Hall, on the same side of Broadway, is the Pompeian House, illustrative of a grand Roman house, and is a reproduction of the House of Pansa at Pompeii, buried by Vesuvius, a.d. 79. Opposite, on the corner of William Street, is the Clarendon Hotel, with Washington Spring in its court. On the corner of William Street, opposite the Clarendon, is the Roman Catholic Church, south of which are the Lin wood, the Albemarle, and Everett boarding-houses. The beautiful Windsor Hotel is on the southeast corner of Broad- way and William Street, overlooking an open park in its front. The Huestis House is just south of it. This part of South Broad- way is very charming. Just beyond the Everett House, Ballston Avenue turns off diagonally to the right. At this point we can turn either way, and wander through quiet streets, lined with 82 SAKATOGA ILLUSTRATED. beautiful and costly houses, each half-buried in its shrubbery and gardens. By turning to the left we enter Circular Street, and may pass quite around Congress Park, and so back to the hotel through East Congress Street. Congress Spring and Colum- bian Spring are both in this fine park, and, if you care to enter, you may wander at will. Congress Spring Park. This beautiful park comprises almost the entire plot of ground encompassed by Broadway, Congress, and Circular Streets. Orig- inally a forest, possessing many natural attractions, it has been materially improved by grading, draining, and the addition of many architectural adornments, until it now presents a most beautiful appearance, and is one of Saratoga's principal charms. During the year 1876 the Congress Spring Company expended nearly $150,000 on these improvements, and now it surpasses all other parks of equal size in the United States in the bea:ty of its graceful and artistic architecture. The grade of the low ground was raised from two to seven feet, and a new plan of drainage adopted, which involved in its system the elegant new reservoir and the charming miniature lake. The grand entrance is at the junction of Congress Street and Broadway, near the Grand Union Hotel and Congress Hall, on what is now called Monument Square. On entering turn to the right, and you may pass through a short colonnade to the graceful spring-house over Columbian Spring, or from the entrance turn to the left through a longer colonnade, and you come to the interior of the artistic pavilion over Congress Spring. In this interior the Congress Spring Water is passed by uniformed attendants, and you may partake while seated at a little table upon which the water will be served. The water is forced up its deep cavern through the iron tubing by the power of its natural carbonic gas, and it rises bubbling and sparkling into two globular crystal receivers, entic- ing the beholder to partake freely of the healthful and delicious beverage. In its graceful, fantastic movements it is very fasci- nating, and the visitor is temi)ted to linger in the pavilion and enjoy the delightful prospects around this charming place. Pass- ing down a few steps and along the colonnade, you reach the 83 AT THE--S^«MaDA i)>l'i;iCll rAi;.M. SAKATOGA ILLUSTRATED. elegant cafe, where hot coffee and other refreshments may be obtained at reasonable prices, and maybe partai^en of while listen- ing to the park music and enjoying the charming view of the lakes and grounds from the cafe pavilion. Passing from the cafe you may stroll at will, visiting the lakes and the shaded lawns, and listening to the delightful music of the very cele- brated Park Band, which plays morning, afternoon, and even- ing. In the evening the Band occupies the very unique and artistic Music Pavilion in the center of the lake. Strolling along to the south part of the grounds, you may visit the deer shelter and park, where are several animals that roam and skip about within the inclosure, greatly to the delight of the children and the amusement of the adults. In the park, amid the flowers and shrubs, strolling over the grass-covered, shaded lawns, or lounging under the grand old forest trees, enchanted by the charming music — here it is that one may enjoy the supreme delights of a genuine rural summer resort. Every convenience for park enjoyment is here afforded, including abundant settees and shade, and the security of efificient police supervision. The grounds are thoroughly lighted by electricity at night, rendering them available as a place of evening resort. The scene in the evening, on the occasion of one of the grand concerts, is remark- ably bi-illiant and charmingly fascinating. Admission to tiie park is regulated by tickets, for which a nominal charge is made. Single tickets, admitting to all except evening concerts, 5 cents each. No charge for children under ten years of age, with older persons. Admission to G-rand and Sacred Evening Concert, 25 cents, unless advertised otherwise. Tickets may be obtained at the entrance to the park. Some may wonder that, in a. resort like Saratoga, there is no park open to the public without charge, but such is the fact. Congress Park, however, supplies for this trifling charge the de- sirable seclusion and security of a private park. Access may be obtained to the Columbian Spring without en- tering the Congress Spring Park. The admission fee of Ave cents will admit one to the Park, and both the Congress and Colum- bian Springs. This slight charge secures for visitors greater privacy and less annoyance than would otherwise prevail. 8i INTERIOR OF CONGRESS SPRING I'AVILIOW. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Starting out from Congress Hall, we may, in a little longer walk, see some of the minor wonders of the place. Turning to the left, down East Congress Street, past Congress Spring and Park, we come to the opening of the broad Union Avenue, that leads to the racecourse and the lake. Just opposite the park is a large brick building, formerly owned and occupied by the late John Morrissey, and now known as the Saratoga Club House. In the grove on the top of the hill to the left ie a col- lection of promiscuous amusements for the children and some- what frisky adult population. Archery, hobby-horse, whirligigs, tenpins, icecream, lemonade, etc., form some of the enticements jf this fascinating play-ground. By turning to the right and passing along Circular Street around Congress Park, and towards the Geyser Spring, we come to the Indian Camp and Circular Railway. This railway is a small piece of track built in a circle, and pro- vided with small cars. Here one may have the infantile joy of a ride in an enlarged baby-carriage round and round. A number of shanties, haif-tent, half hut, are planted here, and a gypsy band, part Canadian, part Indian, live therein, and sell such things as good Indians are supposed to wear and use. Small boys urge the visitor to set up the persuasive cent, that they may hit it with their little arrows, and pocket the same. The performance is varied by sundry domestic scenes, with appropriate dresses and motions, and the whole affair is very picturesque, and is highly instructive to the inquiring mind. To be sure, it is a little theatrical, and one has grave doubts con- cerning the fidelity of the display to nature ; but it serves to fill an idle hour, and amuse children and others. Again walking from Congress Hall along Congress Street, we may take Circular Street to the left, and go on past a number of charming private places, till we come to Temple Grove Seminary. This institution is under the charge of C. P. Dowd, A.M., of Yale, and affords every advantage in the way of a first-class education. The usual course occupies four years, and includes 80 ^^'^^ ■^^^ri_^%^>' MUfeiU PAVILION IN CONGKESS PAKJi. SARATOaA ILLUSTRATED. the best collegiate studies, with ample liberty in the way of optional studies. Some of our best people may be counted among its patrons, and its charges are said to be very reasonable. In the summer the house is used as a boarding house, and it takes the position of a first-class hotel. Porters at the statior meet all trains. It occupies the entire square, and is pleasantly surrounded with gardens and trees. The location is desirable, as being just clear of the bustle and stir of Broadway, and still quite near all the springs and places of amusement. Dr. Strong'''s Sanitarium, Conducted by Dr. S. E. Strong, is a celebrated and popular Remedial Institute. During the summer season it is not only a Sanitarium but a family hotel, and is extensively patronized on account of its central and beautiful location, and refined SiJety. Aftor passing two more blocks on the right, we come to Lake Avenue, and turn to the right. This is a broad and pleasant street, leading to the entrance of Excelsior Park. After leaving the more thickly- settled streets, we come to open .fields on the right, and a fine grove of pines on the left. Here lovely views of the mountains open to the east, and the village comes to an end. Excelsior Park is a short distance on, up the road ; but, by turning down the last street to the left, we may enter a cool and shady path through the woods, and walk along the brow of the hills ; and finally, after many a turn, down into the new park, and reach the lx)ttling-house and spring-house, and take a refreshing drink of Excelsior water. Excelsior Park. This park comprises two hundred acres of land extending from Lake Avenue to Loughbei'ry Lake, and including the grove, rhe land about the Spring and the lake is laid out in villa plots, and some have already been sold and built upon. The spring and the botthng-house are well worth a visit, as the system of preparing the water for export is somewhat peculiar to the place. Visitors are freely shown all the processes, and allowed to 8(1 "^?#afc^.v. Thorwaidsen Vase, Coiigiess Spring: Tairk, SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. roam at will through tlie grounds of the park. Leaving the spring, we can return by way of tiie path through the woods, or take a little longer route back by the way of Spring Avenue. Opposite Excelsior Spring, an avenue leads directly to the White Sulphur and Eureka Springs. Near the road is a small brook called Lougliberry creek, and the Minnehaha Spring. The large house on the top of the western slope of the valley, is the Mansion House. It is an excellent boarding-house, and the majestic elms in front, the ample lawn and play-grounds, and the beautiful land- scape views it commands, attract a very select class of boarders who appreciate its rural freedom and scenery. Here a road leads north, around Excelsior Lake, but we follow Spring Avenue to the left, and soon reach the Loughberry Water Works, where the great Holly Engines continually [)ump the lake-water through the village. A few moments may be well spent here examining these splendid engines in motion. Walking on, we soon reach The Springs in the Village. Here the gay scenes peculiar to Saratoga begin. Hundreds of people are gathered around the fountains, sipping or drinking deep as their fancy or doctors bid, and the road is crowded with carriages bringing their festive loads to the waters. There ie much of wealth and display, good nature and fashion, flirtation and fine clothes, and it is altogether amusing and jolly. First comes the Old Red Spring, with its box of a bottling-house. Op- posite, near the railroad, is the Saratoga " A " Spring ; and beyond, to the left, is the great establishment of the Empire Spring. The Star, High Rock, and Seltzer offer their varied chaims next in order. It is true, the scene is not wholly lovely. There are a number of rather disagreeable old traps on the bluff, and along the wretched little street, but one may easily drown such minor griefs in a tumbler of salt water (far better than salt tears). We escape up the long step by High Rock, and soon reach Bj-oadway and the hotel again. Saratoga Springs has its objections, its old shanties, and offensive advertisements painted on its rocks and fences, its muddy brook and ill-kept lanes ; but we can easily forgive them all on reaching Broadway and its palaces. Another shorter walk past the railroad station, and then to 87 C/3 O / SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. the right, through Clinton Street, and on out into the open coun try, will give one a good idea of the newer portions of the vd- iage, and afford a charming view of the country to the north and west. On reacliing the hill, just clear of the village, a wide view will be obtained of tlie Kayaderosseras mountains in the north- west, and the l)lue peaks of the Catskills at tlie far south. Returning, we may keep off to the left and sti'ike Broadway just beyond the Waverley House. Other walks may be taken at will through the village, with no fear of losing the way, as the tall roofs and towers of the great hotels readily serve as guide-marks in every direction. Wood Lavrn Park. This Park is the private property and summer residence of the Hon. Henry Hilton, but through his liberality and public spirit these beautiful grounds, comprising about 500 acres, are thrown open to visitors and residents of Saratoga. It is laid out^in walks and drives, seven or eight miles in extent, and the paths winding over the lawn and through the shaded groves of forest trees, offer inviting retreats of entrancing beauty that should en- tice all lovers of nature. The spacious villa crowns the highest elevation, and from its site extended views may be obtained, embracing in their scope the Catskill Mountains to the south, the valley of the Hudson and the Green Mountains of Vermont to the east, and the Greenfield Hills, and southernmost spurs of the Adirondacks, to the north and west. The Park is most directly reached from the village by following North Broadway to Third street, thence to the west two blocks, where you enter by the main entrance. There are two other entrances, one on Broad- way, farther north, and the other on Clinton street, on the west side of the Park. Visitors are freely admitted, and it is hoped they will not abuse the privileges so generously afforded tiiem. Other walks may be taken at will through the village, with no fear of losing the way. as the tall roofs and towers of the great hotels readily serve as guide marks in every direction. 8S CHAPTER VII. SARATOGA LAKE AND ITS LEGENDS. This beautiful sheet of water is situated about four miles south- east of Saratoga Springs village and about ten miles west of the Hudson River. It is quickest and most easily reached by the electric cars of the Saratoga Traction Railway Company which make frequent trips to the rising upon her feet, as she first struck the shallow water ami waded toward the shore, the father-sachem and the people, with deepest awe, saw sitting upon the head of the maiden a dove of wondrous beauty, its silvery plumage shiiring with starlight SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. lii.^tre, in l)i-illiant eoiilr;ist with lier (ln[)pin(; raven tresses. With quivering lips the people whisper to each othei-. " It is Ihe white dove of the Kay-ad-e-ros-se-ras — the >})irit-l)ir(l of llie old wihlerness — that has again come on its mission to save." But the father-sachem, where is he ? Why does he not gi'eet his child V x\las ! tiie tremendous i-evulsion from deepest agony to wildest joy lias snapped the silver cord that bound Ins trend)ling soul to his throbbing heart, and when his daughtei-, tiie i-adiant maiden crowned with the silver dove, steps upon the shore, her father is dead, her people fall prostrate before her — she is the Queen of the Mohawks. 99 ■ • Hegatta iSceue, Saratoga Lake, -^ CHAPTER YII. DRIVES. Saratoga is justly celebrated for its fine horses and carriages. Excellent drivers and reasonable charges have made riding pop- ular, and good roads lead to various places of interest in the neighborhood. The grand drive is to Saratoga Lake. Prom Congress Hall and Broadway to the lake we turn down East Congress Street, past Congress Park, and enter the broad and beautiful Union Avenue, tlie great fashionable drive. In about a mile the village is cleared, and we pass the new race- track on the right. The old track, now used for a training- ground, is opposite. At the new track, races take place in July and August, attracting immense throngs of visitors from all parts of the country. Even if no I'aces are going on. it is worth while to drive into the grounds and see the place. Beyond the race- course the road leads down hill, and affords some lovely views of the distant Green Mountains. The magnificent villa of Mr. Spencer Trask is on Union Avenue, on the drive to the Jake, and the grounds are oi)en to visitors. It will be a pleasant diversion to drive through these charming grounds. After })assing a mile or two of meadows and woods, the broad road climbs the toj) of a level plateau, and reaches the bluff oveilonking Saratoga Lake. This bluff is about fifty feet above the lake, affording a full view of its placid waters. Saratoga Lake, about eight miles long and about two or three miles wide, is a beautiful sheet of water. The bold, dome-shaj)ed island towards the east shore of the lake is known as SnaKe Hill, and can be reached by steamer ruiniingto White Sulphur Sj)rings from the Ianding-j)lace at the north end of the lake. The wooded hills at the eiid and theglim|)ses of tlie Catskills beyond, the farms and meadows on either bank, the little lUO SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. steamers and pleasure-boats everywhere busy on the water, the elegant grounds adjoining „he lake, and the several villas on its banks, make this a favorite place of resort. Black bass and pickerel abound in the water, and at the several road-houses and boarding-houses about the lake we may have fish fresh from the water, and fried potatoes that have become famous through the Union. The boat races held here in the summer attract a great company and make a feature of Saratoga life. The White Sulphur Springs and Hotel is a resort on the eastern shore of the lake, reached by turning to the left just before reaching Moon's House. On the return to the village, some fine mountain views may be noticed soon after leaving the lake. Glen Mitchell. A drive out North Broadway to this secluded retreat and around Excelsior Lake will be found very pleasant. The route is to follow Broadway directly north, passing by Woodlawn Parle and following the road br.mching toward the right descending the hill to the Glen. Here is the home of the Brotherhood of Catholics. Return by driving east to Excelsior Lake. Here turn to the right, and follow the shore to Excelsior Park, thence, via Spring Avenue and Circular Street, to Congress Park. The Geysers, or Spouting- Springs. The electric cais run regularly from Broadway and Congress Street to these springs ; but it is only a walk of a mile and a half, if one chooses to go afoot; and in a private carriage it makes a pleasant trip. From Congress Hall turn to the left, and follovv' South Broadway to the third turn on the right, and enter Ballston Avenue. The street leads to the southwest, diagonally from Broadway, and cannot be mistaken. After escaping from the houses, the road passes a small giove, and another Indian encampment, where the domestic squaw and the infantile {)apoose display as much of picturesque beauty as they can com- mand, or sell such trinkets as their arts can make. Greater charms entice us on— the glass-works and the great natural soda- fountains. The open fields that follovv give a wide outlook over the country, and to the mountains on either side. Yonder black 101 SARATOGA 1 1.LUSTRATET). pile of buildings to the right, and just beyond the railroad, are the glass-works of the Congress Spring Company. Here are made the millions of bottles used in Saratoga, to export its waters. The works belong to the Congress Spring Company, but nearly all the spring-water firms have more or less of their bottles made here. If one has time, it is well worth tiie while to turn aside here, and look in upon the swarthy workers, dipping their long iron tubes into the white heat of the furnace, and drawing out the viscid mass, that, with dexterous toil and dis- tended cheeks, they blow into good "pints" and "quarts." There is a strange fascination about glass-making, and, as this establishment stands in the open fields, one may visit it without meeting the gloom and dusty heat of city work^. Another grove invites us to walk along its shady edge, and splendid views of the Green Mountains open on the left, and then we come to the strange group of springs at Geyser. The Arondack or Saratog-a Kissingen Spring-. and bottling-house is on the north side of the avenue, on the slope of the hill east of Geyser Lake. Extensive bottling of waters may be observed here, and visitors are welcome. The large building to the north and back of the Kissingen spring is the power-house of the Electric Railway. The electric fluid is made here by the large dynamos, and distributed hence by wires to the various parts of the lines. Geyser Lake. ^ This sheet of water, on the right-hand side of the road, is opened freely, by its liberal owner, to such as care to row about along its placid waters, and among the little islands and shaded nooks that make the lake pretty and attractive. A sign informs the passing world of this privilege, with a caution to the voyager not to " abuse it." From the lake we pass on towards The Saratoga Vichy Spring. This celebrated spring is poetically set in an iron fountain, under a wooden canopy, on the west side of Geyser Lake, and just 102 SARAT0r4A ILLrSTRATKD. north of Ballston Avenue. There is a pretty lawn with a niitnber of trees and a picturesque farmliouse on one side, and the placid little lake on the other, so that the surroundings are quite beau- tiful and attractive. This spring is one of the most valuable in Saratoga. Its water is very agreeable to tlie taste, and is sold largely as a table water. A large bottling business is done at the springhouse. The Geyser Spring is in a large brick building below the falls, south of the avenue, and the driveway leads directly to the door. The beautiful waterfall and the rapid stream, with its grassy and well -shaded banks, dashing past the bottling-house, give the Spring a very picturesque surrounding. Entering the building, the visitor is courteously shown the wonders of the place. In the center of the room is a well, about six feet square, and from the bottom rises an iron pipe, from which leaps, in fantastic dance, the creamy water of the spring. To allow it full play there is an opening in the ceiling, and here it rises and falls, day and night, continually. At one side, a faucet, with a nose like a soda fountain, enables one to draw a glass. The water boils and bubbles out, mingled with bubbles of gas precisely like cream soda and all who care may have a free drink. When the bubbles have escaped, the water has a wonderful pearly purity that tempts one to drink bountifully. From the springhouse we enter the delightful landscape scen- ery around the spring, and follow a path down into the little dell where the stream flows on towards the ravine. From the rustic bridge over the brook is a good view of the waterfall, and near it may be found a natural sulphur spring. The Carlsbad Spring house will be observed on the gentle rise of ground to the west of Ballston Avenue. A carriage road leads up to the house, and a visit to the spring and house will be well worth while. Retracing our way back over the bridge and railway and turn- ing to the right close by the railway, and then to the left, we are brought to the brow of the hill, where the new and valuable 103 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Saratoga Victoria Spring is located in the tine large bottiing-house, overlooking a deep val- ley to the south of it. The water of this spring has a very pleas- ant taste, and you will enjoy drinking it. In the deep valley, which is entered close by the railroad, is the remarkable Champion Spring. The water for drinking and bottling is drawn in the bottling- house. It is a limpid, cold, and delightful drink, and every one should have at least a taste, fresh from the lower deeps of the earth. This spring is no longer permitted to spout, but its waters are confined. The large amount of natural carbonic acid gas is extracted from the wate rs and compressed into strong iron receivers under great pressure, 1.200 pounds to the inch. The gas is sold and shipped to druggists in large cities, for charging soda-water fountains and mineral waters with natural carbonic acid gas. A large business is done here in this line. The Lafayette Spring is further south, and east of the railroad. You may reach it by turning to the right a little east of the Saratoga Victoria Spring, and going a few rods south. Here are quite large buildings devoted to extracting and compressing natural carbonic acid gas and shipping it to druggists in the cities. This spring water con- tains the largest amount of gas of all the springs. Ballston Spa is the county town of Saratoga County, and is seven miles south of Saratoga Springs. The drive is through Ballston Avenue, past Geyser Spring, following by the side of the railroad to Ball- ston village. It is a very pretty town of about 4,000 inhabitants. The village has long been celebrated for its mineral springs. The waters are quite similar in chemical properties to those of Saratoga, and are doubtless drawn from the same natural medic- inal reservoir. The principal springs already developed are the Ballston Artesian Lithia, Washington, Franklin, Sans Souci. and the new Corporation S|)ring. The Ballston Artesian Lithia Spring is the most celebrated, and its bottling-house is on the Saratoga drive, at the north end of the village. 104 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Lake Lovely. This small lake is not far from the village of Saratoga, and near Union Avenue. It is rather pretty, and has a good echo on the eastern shore, but beyond this it has no special interest. Chapman's Hill. This makes a pleasant drive, and the view from the top is said to be very good. Wagman's Hill Is more distant and higher, giving still more extended and striking views. A number of mineral springs are here shown, one of which, charged with an inflammable gas, is very inter- esting. Waring Hill. This is on the Mount Pleasant road, and makes a good all-day excursion. The ride is about fifteen miles, through a pleasant country, and the view from the top includes Ballston, Saratoga, Schenectady, Waterford, Mechanicsville, Schuylerville, Saratoga, and Round Lakes. The Prospect Hills of Greenfield. These hills are about Sj miles northwest of Saratoga Springs. They are reached by the way of Waring Avenue west to Gran- ger's four corners, thence north two miles ; or through Green- field Avenue in a northwesterly direction to Locust-Grove Cor- ners, thence north half a mile. The view of the Green Mount- ains is very fine, and, to the south, the Helderberg Hill, of Albany, and the Catskills beyond, fringe the horizon, while Saratoga Springs is spread out like a map below. Corinth. Here are some bold falls on the upper Hudson. The carriage ride is fifteen miles. By the Adirondack Railway, the falls are reached from a station called Jessup's Landing. Luzerne. This pretty village, at the confluence of the Sacandaga and Hudson, is about twenty miles from the springs. li,5 ▲ CORNER IN WOODLA.WN PARK. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Burgoyne's Campaign and The Saratoga Battle Ground. (Condensed from Mrs. Ellen Hardin Walworth's History of Burgoyne's Cami)aign.) Few events in history are more intensely dramatic than tha campaign of Burgoyne, in 1777, from Canada to Saratoga. Burgoyne had witnessed the battle of Bunker Hill, and had studied the war critically. He was commissioned to begin a cam- paign from Canada, and Sir William Howe was to cooperate from New York, and join him at Albany. St. Leger was designated to command an expedition from Lake Ontario through the Mohawk Valley to Albany. The great province of New York was thus threatened from three quarters. Burgoyne's army and Indian allies concentrated at St. John's. June 12th, 1777, and moved southward through Lake Champlain with great pomp and splendor. The Indians led with their canoes, followed by the Royal Navy. Crown Point was reached, without opposition, on June 30th, 1777, and there Burgoyne issued his famous order: " This army must not retreat." Burgoyne's army of 10,000 invested Ticonderoga on July 5th St. Clair was compelled to retreat, under cover of night, with his small army, up the lake to Schenesborough (Whitehall), and on to Fort Ann and Fort i^idward, where he made a stand and was reinforced by General Schuyler. Here they stayed Burgoyne's advance by obstructirg the roads and stripping the country of forage. Schu\ler then lell back to Stillwater, Burgoyne reached Fort Edward, July 18 th, and found his perplexities increasing. He sent an expfdition, August 13th, under Colonel Baum, to capture the American supplies stored at Bennington, Vt. Brave General Stark rallied the militia and checked Baum's advance six miles from Bennington. On the morning of the 16th, placing himself at the head of his column. Stark exclaimed : " There are the red-coats ; before night they must be ours, or Molly Stark's a widow " ! He charged upon the entrenchments of the enemv with great fury. The British fought bravely, but Baum was killed and his surviving troops were made prisoners. The British reinforcements escaped under cover of night, leaving baggage and artillery behind. This victory in- spired the Americans and disheartened the enemy. Baum was defeated and dead. St. Leger's Mohawk Valley Expedition had failed, and Burgoyne's army was in a crippled condition and in luti ARMORY TWENTY-SECOND SEPARATE COMPANY, SARATOGA. SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. the midst of increasing dangers. But still Burgoyne said '' This army must not retreat," and pressed ou towards Albany General Gates had succeeded General Schuyler, and Kosciuskc the Polish ougineei, had located a camp at Bemis Heights, fou miles above Stillwater, where the Americans waited Burgoyne',, approach. " Quietness an' i gloom hung about the heavy columm of his army. No drums were beat, or trumpets sounded ; mys teriously, laboriously and persistently this strictly disciplined army was held to its course by the dogged determination and the impelling will of its commander." The Americans were entrenched on a spur of hills approaching the Hudson. Earthworks were thrown across the meadow to the river. The heights were to the north and west. Breastworks were projected in a semi-circle nearly a mile towards the north an 1 redoubts established at intervals. September 19th Bur- goyne's army advanced. The left was commanded by Riedesel along the river. Frazer's division took the west and right and Burgoyne le ] the cen re, his object being a union with Frazer's division in the rear of the Ainerican camp. The Americans charged the enemy with great impetuosity. The battle was fie cely contested. The Americans often scattering before the British bayonets, and the Brit sh frequently fleeing from the Americans' deadly fire. At night the Americans retired into their camp. The British held the field with a barren victory. They were foiled in their main object, but convinced that those who fight for freedom and for country fight for victory or death. Calm after storm followed ; and the two armies, skillfully en- trenched, lay face to face from Sept. 20th, to Oct. 7th — the Americans exultant, the British dejected. The former restful in their conscious strength ; the latter restless under impending disaster. The Americans had recaptured Ticonder. ga and the Lake George garrisons. No aid came to Burgoyne from the Lower Hudson. October 17th Burgoyne attacked the American left with select troops, led in person by Riedesel, Frazer and Phillips. The Americans rushed furiously upon their adversaries, and so terrible was the onslaught that in less than twenty minutes "the flower of the army" was completely routed. Burgoyne took command, and rushed into the thickest of the battle to rally his army ; but he could not check a hurricane, 107 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Americans swept on, like a resistless storm, and drove their enemies from the field. One of ""the fifteen decisive battles of history " had been fought and American Independe ce assured. Burgoyne's array took refuge under the redoubts during the Hth of October, and the day was spent in skirmishing. At nine o'clock of that same night, Burgoyne ordered a full retreat, and next day encamped his arm^y on the heights above Schuylerville. He was followed by the Americans, surrounded and compelled tc surrender. On the 17th of October, 1777, the British army marched out of their camps under their own oflBcers and laid down their arms on the plain near old Fort Hardy, just above Schuylerville. Led by a guard bearing the stars and stripes and a band playing Yankee Doodle, the British army marched be- tween the files of their victors, and Burgoyne presented his Bword to General Gates on "The Field of the Grounded Arms." The spot is now commemorated by a national monument. Memorial Tablets. Through the patriotic efforts of Mrs. Walworth, memorial tablets have been placed on the "Battle Grounds" to mark historic points. 1. British line of Battle, Oct. 7, when first attacked by Morgan, Poor and Learned. 2. Freeman's Cottage, and the Soldiers Well, where the most bloody encounter took place in both battles. 3. Spot where Frazer fell. 4. Brill ge in Frazer's camp. March of the British center, Sept. 19. 5. Burgoyne' s headquarters, 6. Balcarras Redoubt. 7. Line of American Redoubts. 8. Morgan's and Poor's Headquarters. 9. Gates' Headquarters and Hospital. 10. Site of Bemis' Tavern. 1 1 . American Redoubts near the river. 12. Position of American artillery, October 8th. 13. Taylor's Hou-e where Madame Riedesel saw Frazer's funeral 14. Spot where Frazer is buried. 15. Sword's House. 16. Point where Lady Ackland embarked. 17. Breyman's camp-flank defense. Key to British position, cap« tured at sunset, Oct. 7th. Here Arnold was wounded. 108 CHAPTER VIII. AMUSEMENTS. It may be said of Saratoga Springs that ** its face is its fort- une." Eight months in the year it lives in fond recollections of the last season, or in hopes of the next. June, July, .-August, and September it devotes to the solemn duty of entertaining its thousands of visitors. It iuay be a solemn thing for the natives, but for the visitors it is highly jolly. As its face is its fortune, the village, with great worldly wisdom, endeavors to wear as pretty a face as it can, and makes a special effort to entertain its company. The result is a gratifying success. The stranger, on arriving, at once asks for an "order of exer- cises." What are the proper things to do ? how do you do them ? and what are the correct hours ? The programme has never been printed, and the best that can be done is to refer to the charms of the place, and let the intelligent visitor take his choice. The first and most proper thing to do is to get up and go out before breakfast for a drink of spring water. Of course, one has duly consulted an IVH D. in regard to this matter, and settled beforehand whicli spring is to be patronized. If this has been neglected, the chances are of receiving a vast amount of earnest and useless advice from innocents who have imbibed, and been cured of various prosaic complaints that they were heirs to from their youth up. One must be i)roof against these gi-atuitous advice-givers, and learn to listen to their tales of woe with amused resignation and heroic neglect. Select your own spring, and never take the advice of any one, unless it be your wife or a medical man. Determined to have a good time, the visitor no sooner escapes the advice of the good-natured incapables than lie takes his pre- scribed glass and, in a tiiankful frame of mind, turns to see tlie others drink. Their ways are various — very. Some imbibe vast 109 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. gobletfuls with a heroic smile ; some sip from dainty cups, and try to make people think they like it— which isn't true. Others simply drink, and drink, and drink, till the spectator is lost in wonder, love, and praise to think they do not explode like a defective soda-fountain. Some call it delicious ; others, horrid ; and some don't drink at all, being timid withal. No place in the world will so bring out the likes and dislikes, weaknesses and small vanities of people, as a Saratoga spring early in the morn- ing. To stand on one side and see the performance serves as an exhilarant, and will make one good-natured for half a day. This episode being over, one may return to the hotel for break- fast. By this time the morning meal acquires a wonderful inter- est. The waters act as a splendid stimulant to the appetite, and one is inclined to be particularly courageous with knife and fork. This, too, may be called part of the amusement programme, for the filling of such a particularly fine multitude is a performance both entertaining and peculiar. When half a thousand people take coffee together, there is sure to be much that is original and amusing, and nowhere in the world are such gorgeous and mul- titudinous breakfasts served under one roof as at Saratoga Springs. Breakfast over, one may do as he pleases, with the most refreshing freedom— that is, if you are a man. If not, an iron rule of conduct has been laid down for the ordering of your uprising and downsitting, goings out and comings in. This is the solemn formula announced by one of those awful authorities that rule the fashionable world. Every lady will read it with tears of gratitude when she thinks of the humiliating disaster its obedience will save her. " Rise and dress ; go down to the spring ; drink to the music of the band ; walk around the beautiful Congress Park ; bow to gentlemen ; chat a little : drink again ; breakfast ; see who comes in on the train ; take a siesta ; walk in the parlor ; bow to gentlemen ; have a little small talk with gentlemen ; have some gossip with ladies ; dress for dinner ; take dinner an hour and a half ; sit in the grounds, and hear the music of the band ; ride to the lake ; see who comes by the evening train ; dress for tea ; get tea ; dress for the hop ; attend the hop ; chat a while in the parlors, and listen to a song from some guest ; go to bed." 110 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The amount of wisdom involved in the above rules for con- duct while in Saratoga is immense. See what delights, what charms of social intercourse, what heavenly pleasu rings are spread before the lady visitor ! Society is made for the young lady — and so is Saratoga. The sensible girl, the young woman with a mind of lier own, laughs a scornful laugh at such folly, and does as she pleases with Young American independence. She listens to the band if she wants to ; she visits the Indians or the circular railway, practices archery, or visits the interesting and instructive Pompeia on South Broadway, where is reproduced the House of Pansa at Pompeii, which was buried by Vesuvius in A. D, 79, or visits the shops of Saratoga, or she does what she likes, and does not go to bed at all if there is a ball going on. Put ten thousand well-educated people, with nothing to do and great skill in doing it, in half-a-dozen houses not half-a-mile apart, and, in the nature of things, there are "good times" in abundance. Small need of such a silly programme as the above, while half the village stands ready to amuse the visitors and all the visitors stand ready to amuse themselves. There are walks and drives, music and dancing, parties both small and great, hops every night, and a grand ball every week. There are excursions in every direction, and fifty thousand well-dressed people to see in a week. The wealth, brains, and culture of the country meet at Saratoga Springs, and any one can find abun- dance -to do, to see, and to admire. There is no lack of social intercourse of the most refined and cultivated kind. For those who prefer muscular delights there are the numerous billiard parlors and bowling-places, where the festive ball and ninepins may be rolled and tumbled to one's heart's content. These establishments are well arranged and admirably kept. Boat-races. Rowing regattas are held at Saratoga Lake annually, and have embraced races between college crews and other amateurs, as well as professional oarsmen. They usually begin in July, and occur at intervals during the season. These regattas are often attended by a large concourse of peoi)le, who gather on the shores 111 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. or embark on the lake in rowboats and launches, and present a very lively scene while the regattas are in progress. The Saratoga Golf Club is the leading society club in Saratoga Springs devoted to athletic sports. It has very superior Golf Links in the northwest part of the village easily reached from the leading hotels and principal boarding-houses of the town. Tournaments are held throughout the season. Splendid golf and brilliant assemblages of lovers of the sport are frequently seen on these superb golf grounds. The New Polo Field recently completed at an expense of several thousand dollars, is adjacent to the Golf Links and is very picturesque and beautiful. Tournaments are held in July, August, and September yearly, and afford splendid exhibitions of this brilliant and manly sport. The Floral Parades. One of the most l)eautiful spectacles, among the many enter- tainments whicli Saratoga affords to its visitors, is the floral parade which usually takes place in the first part of September, under the auspices of the Saratoga Floral Festival Association. These parades have l>een made exceedingly beautiful and attract- ive. No single event at Saratoga can perhaps compete with the grand floral parade given annually in September. The hotels, boarding-houses, spring companies, various business enterprises, and private residents and visitors vie with each other in making this event one of the most beautiful that can be conceived. Lnmense floats drawn by several pairs of horses and decorated in the most elaborate and artistic manner, accompanied by cos- tumed paraders, nuircli through the streets, representing almost every nati(mality and some of the nu)st brilliant and interesting scenes in the woi-ld. Tiie parade is a niatler of universal interest. Tt is estimated that 100,000 people witnessed the last })arade, and 5,000 people attended the magnificent ball given in the gor- geously decorated auditorium of Convention Mall. It is well worth the while of visitors at Saratoga to remain there until this wonderfully beautiful demonstration takes place. 112 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Bicycle Paths and Roads. The citizens of Saratoga, recognizing the great popularity of cycling, and the demands of so many visitors to Saratoga for proper facilities for this healthful and delightful exei'cise. have prepared several cycle paths especially set apart for the tiso of bicyclers. At considerable expense sevei'al delightful paths have been laid out, running from Saratoga Springs to various points in its vicinity. Recently a cycle path has been constructed along the side of the carriage road from Saratoga Springs to the several geyser springs. Another has been constructed along the south side of Union Avenue from Saratoga Springs to Saratoga Lake, making a route of eight miles for the round trip. Another very important path is from the village of Saratoga Springs to Glens Falls and return, making a round trip of forty miles. For the information of visitors to the Springs a list of the more important paths and routes, with the length thereof, is here given : 3-Mile Ride — Geysers and return, via Cycle Path out Balls- ton Avenue. 4-Mile Ride — Yaddo and return, via Union Avenue. 5-Mile Ride — Woodlawn Park, via North Broadway. 6-Mile Ride — Around Cycle Path, via Ballston Avenue and South Broadway, 7-Mile Ride — Lake Avenue to Kinkleys, to Union Avenue, to Broadway. 8-Mile Ride — Saratoga Lake and return, via Union Avenue Cycle Path. 14-Mile Ride — Ballston Spa and return, via Ballston Avenue Cycle Path. 16-Mile Ride — White Sulphur Spring and return, via Union Avenue, along east bank of lake. 24-Mile Ride — Round Lake and return, via South Broadway. 40-Mile Ride— Glens P'iills and return, via Glens Falls Cycle Path. 60-Mile Ride— Lake George and return, via Glens Falls Cycle Path. 80-Mile Ride- Albany and return, via Cycle Paths. iOO-Mile Ride— Castleton and return, via Cycle Paths. 113 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. The Florida Ostrich Farm on Geyser Avenue, about a half mile from the village, is one of the entertaining sights of Saratoga and is a unique feature. Here in an enclosure of about two acres are exhibited some of the finest specimens of African ostriches, Chinese golden pheasants, and English pheasants that are to be found in any country. Birds of all ages are here to be seen with various developments of plumage — from the slender pin feathers of the baby birds a few days old to luxuriant and brilliant plumages of the full- grown ostrich weighing 250 to 300 pounds each. Most of the ostriches have been brought to Saratoga from the celebrated ostrich farms in Florida, Arizona, and California, but some of the wee birds have first seen the light in the buoyant Saratoga atmosphere. Each pair of breeding birds is kept in a small corral of about 50 by 150 feet, and are fed on clover, hay, corn, oats, barley, etc. The younger birds roam in troops in larger enclosures, and a group of birds running with their wings out- spread, alarmed, it may be, at some unusual sight, is a most beautiful spectacle. The birds are all named, and some of the breeding birds bear the names of such distinguished magnates as President McKinley, Queen Victoria, Mark Hanna, Joe Wheeler, Napoleon and Josephine, Admiral Dewey and Miss Manila, etc. An average bird weighs from 250 to 300 pounds and stands seven to ten feet high. The ostrich is omnivorous and voracious and to some extent carnivorous. Shortly after pairing the birds build their nests, which they do by digging holes in the ground in which the eggs are laid. An ostrich egg weighs about three and one half pounds. The unfertile eggs are blown and are readily sold, either plain or decorated, as souvenirs of the Florida Ostrich Farm, for one dollar each. The wing feathers of the male ostrich are the largest and most valuable, and many of them are ivory-white in color and very beautiful. Beautiful ostrich feathers are on exhibition at the ostrich farm on Geyser Avenue, with souvenir eggs and other specimens. It will well repay the visitors of Saratoga Springs to pay a visit to this interesting and unicpit' exhibit. The admission fee to the corral is 25 cents, but one who sees the exhibit will feel amply re[)aid for the visit. 114 H ^ S3 1 ^ - a « b 3 > (J5 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. SARATOGA TRACTION CO.'S ELECTRIC RAILWAY. This conij)any oijcrates several miles of electric railway run- ning from Saratoga S})rings to Saratoga Ijake and the Geyser Springs and Ballston Spa. The depot and ticket office are oppo- site Congress Spring Park on Broadway, just north of llie Columbian Hotel. The railway begins at Broadway, south of the Grand Union Hotel and opposite Congress Spring Park, and runs through Hamilton and other streets, one branch running to Geyser Spring and Park, and Ballston Spa, 8 miles distant, and an- other through Saratoga A'illage eastward to Saratoga Race Track, and south of Union Avenue to Lake Lovely and Saratoga Lake. The company has several fine cars, which furnish splendid opportunity for observing the beautiful scenery and enjoying the pure mountain atmosphere that prevails at Saratoga Springs. The cars are operated by the trolley system of electricity, and are run regularly every few minutes to Saratoga Lake, Geyser Spring, and Ballston Spa, and passengers are dropped at any point along the route where they desire to leave the train. The management is very obliging, and affords visitors every reason- tible opportunity to enjoy the trip from Saratoga Springs to Saratoga Lake and the Geyser Springs. The trip over the electric railway from Saratoga Springs to Saratoga Lake, and thence by steamer through Saratoga Lake to White Sulphur Springs Hotel and return, is one of the most delightful excursions that can be taken at Saratoga or any other place. The route is mostly through meadows and fields and not on the highway, and is therefore free from dust and other annoyances which attend railroading in the public streets. At the terminus of the road at Saratoga Lake is a wharf at which immediate connection is made with steam launches that run through the lake. Passengers can stop at the race track, or Lake Lovely, or at any other point where they desire to leave the cars, on giving notice to the conductor. Trips are made every day throughout the season at stated intervals, and time-tables and cards of information can be obtained at the passenger station on Broadway, and at the principal hotels of the village. Every visitor to Saratoga Springs should take a trip on this railway to the Geysers and Saratoga Lake. 115 i^W^^ CHAPTER IX. EXCURSIONS. The summer visitor at Saratoga, who has become somewhat weary of tiie constant bustle and excitement of the fashionable world, often yearns for the green fields, the grand old mountains, the fragrant wildwoods, and the real picturesqueness of the country. It cannot be denied that Saratoga, so rich in its spas and entertaining in its social amusements, is deficient in those natural attractions which constitute the charm of real country life. But within a few miles of the village are many interesting and beautiful places, which may be visited from Saratoga in one or two days' time. These excursions will afford very acceptable variety to Saratoga gayety, and the highest enjoyment of country life. The one route affording the greatest variety of really beau- tiful and romantic scenery, is the Adirondack Railroad. Beginning at Saratoga Springs, it runs in a northerly direction towards the great hunting and fishing grounds of Northern New York. The road is projected through the heart of tiie Great Wilder- ness to Ogdensburg, on the St, Lawrence River, and is intended to open up these vast wilds, of 150 miles diameter, to civilization, and the easy access of the tourist and hunter. It now runs to Lu- zerne, Hadley, Thurman, Riverside, and North Creek, a distance of 57 miles from Saratoga Springs, forming the most direct rail- road route to the Valley of the Upper FTudson and the Wilder- ness. At Riverside stages connect, running to Chester, Potters- ville, steamers on Schroon Lake, and to the upper country. From North Creek stages run to Jackson's Blue Mountain Lake and Cedar River Falls, the most desii-able rendezvous and start- ing-point from which to reach Racpiette Lake and the heart of the Great Forest. Express trains leave Saratoga Springs on SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. arrival of the morning trains from the South, connecting on return with the trains going South. Along and near this road are some of the most romantic and charming spots to be found in the worki We mention a few of these excursions, which will be found delightful, with a small company of congenial companions. Before starting, buy one of Taintor's Hudson River Guides, price 25 cents, at the Saratoga book-store, which gives a map and de- scription of villages and scenery. Excursions. No. 1. — To Jessup's Landing, on the Hudson River, 17 miles from Saratoga, via Adirondack Railroad, at the edge of the wild and mountainous Adirondack region. Objects of interest — the 70 feet falls in the Hudson, with the half-mile rapids above ; the grand and beautiful mountain scenery, and the extensive manufactory of the Hudson River Pulp Company for making pulp from wood, for the manufacture of paper. Dine at the hotel, and return to Saratoga by the afternoon train. No. 2. — To Luzerne, Warren .County, N. Y., 22 miles from Saratoga, via Adirondack Railroad. Leave Saratoga on the morning train ; cross the Sacondaga River on the railroad bridge, 4")0 feet long and 9G feet high. Visit the charming little village on the banks of the Hudson River, between the mountains on either side, 600 feet high ; the rapids and falls in the river ; the beautiful Lake Luzerne, affording fine trout-fishing or sailing. Dine at The Wayside Inn, C. C. Lester, Proprietor, and return to Saratoga in the afternoon of the same day, or the next day, as you choose. No. 3. — To Schroon Lake, Warren County, N. Y., via Adi- rondack Railroad, 50 miles, to Riverside, on the Hudson, thence by stage, 6 miles to Pottersville, foot of Schroon Lake. Steamboat excursion on the lake ; Leland's or Windsor hotel ; Schroon Lake village ; fine fishing or hunting ; charmingly ])icturesque scenery. Remain over-night at either of the good hotels — Windsor Hotel, Leiand House, Ondawa House, or others. Return via same route to Saratoga next day or later. No. 4.— To Blue Mountain Lake and Cedar River FaHs, Hamilton County, N. Y , via morning train on Adiron- 117 SARATOGA TLLLSTRATEIh (lack Railroad to North Creek, 58 miles ; thence by singe, 20 miles^ to Riley's, formerly Jackson's, via " Fourteeiitli " '' Indian River"; thence to Bhie Mountain Lake, 10 miles from Jackson's, at even- ing of same day. Two or three good hotels and boarding-houses in vicinity of Raquette Lake ; Moose Lake ; Mohican Lake ; Three Cedar Lakes ; Sumner Lake ; Shedd Lake ; Moose River, the finest trout fishing in the Adirondacks. The route to Cedar River Falls diverges from Jackson's via stage to Wakley's Hotel, Cedar River Falls, "13 miles disant. Return at leisure via same route. No 5. — To Lake George, by morning train on Delaware and Hudson Canal Co. R.R. to Whitehall, Ticonderoga, and Bald- win's ; thence by steamer on Lake George to Fort William Henry Hotel ; thence by railroad to Glen's Falls and Fort Edward ; back to Saratoga same day. This is the most delightful excur- sion that can be completed in one day from Saratoga. Or, via morning train on Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s Railroad to Fort Edward, Glen's Falls ; thence by rail through wild and mountainous scenery to Lake George. On the same morning at 9, take steamer down Lake George to Baldwin's : thence by Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s R.R. to Ticonderoga, Whitehall, and Saratoga, arriving in time for supper. No. 6.— To Lake Champlain, via Delaware and Hudson R.R. to Whitehall and Fort Ticonderoga, thence by Lake Cham- plain steamer to Port Kent ; thence by K. A. C. and L. C. R.R. to Ausable Chasm. Return via same route, or by Lake Champlain steamer to Ticonderoga, thence by Del. and Hud. R.R. to Bald- win's, thence by Lake George steamer through Lake George to Caldwell, thence Del. and Hud. R.R. to Saratoga. Tickets Ijetween P'ort Ticonderoga and Hotel Champlain, Port Kent, or Platts- burgh are accepted by either the Delaware and Hudson R.R. Co. or the Champlain Transportation Co., at the option of the holder. No. 7.— To Ballston Spa, 7 miles, via Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s R.R. Visit Artesian Lithia Spring, Sans Souci Boiling Spring, and others. Return at 8 or G p.m., on same day. No. 8. — To Round Lake, via Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s Railroad, 12 miles. National Camp-Meeting (irounds of the Methodist Church, Round Lake. Visit grove, cottages, and lake. Dine at hotel. Return same day, at 3 or p.m. 118 SARATOGA ILLUSTKATED. No. 9.— To Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., 22 miles, via morning train Delaware and Hudson Co.'s Railroad to Sche- nectady. Visit the college and city. Return by 5 o'clock train, same day, to Saratoga, via same route. No, 10. — To Hoosac Tunnel, Mass., via morning train on Fitchburg Railroad to Hoosac Tunnel, 5 miles long. Return to Saratoga same day, via same route. No. 11. — To Saratoga Battle Grounds, 15 miles east of Saratoga Springs, by Fitchburg Railroad, private carriage or stage, to Bemis' Heights and Stillwater. Dine at Schuylerville, and return same day, or next day, as you choose; or No. 12. — Saratoga Battle Grounds. Fitchburg Railroad, via Saratoga Lake, to Battle Ground Station. Return same day. No. 13. — Schuylerville, Scene of Burgoyne's Surrender. Fitchburg Railroad to Schuylerville, 12 miles. Visit National Monument and ruins of old Fort Harding. Return same day. No. 14. — To Mt. McGregor, ten miles from Saratoga Springs. Formerly reached by a railroad, but now ascended only by car- riage road. The view is magnificent and wide. There are no hotel accommodations on the mountain at present. No. 15. Manchester, Vt., via Delaware and Hudson Rail- road to Rutland, on morning train ; thence, via Harlem Exten- sion Railroad, to Manchester, Vt. Remain over-night at Equinox House, and return next day by same route, or via. North Bennington and Troy. The Fitchburg Railway runs from Saratoga Springs to Schuylerville, Saratoga Lake, Stillwater, Mechanicsville, Hoosac Falls, Williainstown, North Adams, Hoosac Tunnel, Greenfield, Miller's Falls, Athol, Worces- ter, Fitchburg and Boston. The Hoosac Tunnel Route. This line of railroad was formed by the union of the Boston, Hoosac Tunnel, and Western Railroad with the Saiatoga Lake Railway, the whole being absorbed by tiio Fitchburg Railway, which now owns and operates the entire line. The railroad from Saratoga Springs to Saratoga Lake was completed and opened to travel on the 1st of July, 1881. The Boston, Hoosac Tunnel, and 119 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Western Railroad opened its new line from Mechanicsville to Sarato^^a Lake shortly after. This railroad has brought Saratoga Lake and other beautiful and interesting surroundings of Sara- toga witiiin easy and comfortable access of visitors, at very small expense. The Saratoga station of the Fitchburg l^ailroad is on Lake Avenue, one block east of the City Hail. The railroad runs along in front of the Magnetic, Seltzer, High Rock, Star, and Red Springs, passing by the Loughberry Water-works, Ex- celsior Spring. Eureka and White Sulphur Springs, to Saratoga Lake, Mechanicsville, the Hoosac Tunnel, and Boston. A branch of the main line diverges at Schuyler Junction to Schuylerville, Bemis Heights, and Saratoga Battle Grounds. At Saratoga Lake, five miles from Saratoga, connection was formerly made with steam-launches which ran on the lake, to White Suli)hur Springs, Hotel, and Park, on the east side of the lake, toward its southern end, thus offering a very pleasant excursion to Saratoga visitors over the railroad and through the lake, but this route has now been discontinued. Excursion trains are also run to and from Schuy- lerville, the scene of Burgoyne's surrender and the site of the National Monument, and also to the station nearest to the Sara- toga Battle Grounds, now marked with memorial tablets. These interesting historic grounds are well worthy of a visit, and the railroad facilities offered .bring them within convenient access to Saratoga visitors at a vei-y moderate expense. The trip can be made easily in one day, and all the interesting historical points can be visited. Another pleasant excursion on this line is from Saratoga to the great Hoosac Tunnel at North Adams, Mass. This tunnel is five miles long, and is one of the greatest engineer, ing works in this country. It is lighted by 1,250 incandescent lights. The visitor can nuike the excursion from Saratoga in the morning, stopping for dinner at the hotels at the tunnel, and re- turning to Saratoga the same day. Special excursions can be arranged with the Fitchburg Railroad at any time during the season of summer travel. This line offers the shortest route between Saratoga Springs and I^oston and the East. The excur- sion rate to Boston and return is ow, and the route is through some of the most beautiful and interesting scenery of New England. 120 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. An excursion over the Saratoga Ti'aetion Company's Electric Railway to Saratoga Lake and the White Sulphur Springs and Park is charming and delightful. The White Sulphur Springs Hotel is elegantly fitted up, and SARATOGA LAKE. From White Sulphur Springs Hotel and Park. Snake Hill in the distance. has several private dining-rooms for parties who desire to dine by themselves, and ample accommodations for regular guests. The grounds about the hotel comprise over 100 acres of hjau- tiful lawn, shaded by grand old forest trees, among which are miles of walks and many charming retreats. Several pretty cottages on the grounds are to be rented, either with or without board at the hotel. Elegant and commo- dious bath-houses, offering superior facilities for sulphur and mineral baths, both hot and cold, are connected with the hotel. 121 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Mount McGregor is a wild, picturesque and beautiful thousand acre mountain forest park, ten miles north of and 1,000 feet above Saratoga Springs. Some years ago, appreciating the advantages of this ('harming mountain, and foreseeing its popularity as a moun- lani annex for Saratoga's 100,000 annual visitors, Mr. Duncan ^Mclrregor constructed a carriage road up the mountain and built a liohd on the summit, and thus became the pioneerof this famous mountain resort. The hotel was destroyed by fire in 1898. Undying interest is attached to Mount McGregor from the fact tiiat it was here that General Ulysses S. Grant, America's greatest military chieftain, passed away. lie died on August 7, 1885, in t he Drexel cottage, on the summit of the mountain. He was moved liere from New York a short time before his death, in the hope that the pure invigorating atmosphere of Mount McGregor might prolong the life of the great and distinguished general. Xotwithstanding its apparent inaccessibility, before the steam railroad was ])uilt, thousands visited it every year, and every visitor became a traveling advertisement for this charming spot. Saratoga's most famous guests had driven over the long and tedious road with their elegant turnouts to enjoy the exhilarating atmosphere of Mount McGregor. The final development of this beautiful Adirondack annex to Saratoga was undertaken and accomplished by Mr. W. J. Arkell, of G«inajoharie, X. Y. To his artistic appreciation and resistless })ersistence is largely due the organization of the Saratoga, Mount McGregor and Lake George Railway Company. The railroad was begun in March, 1883, and completed to the summit of Mount iMcGregor the following June, but abandoned in 1898. The rise of gi-ound in Broadway, Saratoga, is the beginning of the Adirondack Range, gradually ascending toward tlie north. iNlount McGregor is the first bold spur of tlie Adirondacks, rising 1,000 feet above Saratoga, and otdy ten miles away. The view from the summit of the mountain is remarkably beautiful. Fjir away to the noi'tli and northwest the far-famed Adiron- dacks lean against the sky, with pinnacles towering, king-like, above. Prospect Mountain in tlie north, and French Moun- tain in the northeast, define the gigantic watersheds of the 122 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. delicate Tiake George. The beautiful Hudson forms a crescent only two miles below us, and meanders away to the northeast. Glen"s Falls. Sandy Hill and Fort Edward are seen distinctly in the noi'th-east, while beyond, the Green Mountains of Vermont and the blue outlines of the New Hampshire Hills serve as a background for one of the finest landscapes in America. " True, 'tis a scene of loveliness." Below you are fields of waving grain, and pastures and lazy herds; about you are wild flowers and murmuring pines. " Your thoughts are wandering up, Far up the streams of time ; And long slept recollections of old tales, Are rushing on j^our mem(>ry as ye breathe That valley's storied name, Field of the Grounded Arms " I It is Seliuylerville and the Saratoga Battle ground, miles away, but visible in the south-east, that have stirred the memories of history. Bemis Ileiglits, where was fought the first great de- cisive battle in the war that made us a nation, Schuylerville, the scene of Burgoyne's surrender, now commemorated by a national monument. Saratoga Lake and Snake Hill add much to the picturesque view before us. The hotel towers of Saratoga remind one of the gayeties of the great American Spa and the numerous Saratoga attractions that can be reached from" Mt. McGregor in half an hour. The world- renowned Catskills com- plete the great panorama before us, and as we enjoy the exhila- rating atmosphere of McGregor's lofty mountain, we wonder why all Saratoga visitors have not been brought here before. Some one has said : " See Italy and die ; " but those who see Mount McGregor say : " See Mount McGregor and live, live to see and enjoy it from year to year. Renovate your system at the Saratoga Springs, but renew your youth at Mount McGregor;" it is the " Great Eldorado of the North." The Mount McGregor Railway Company formerly had control of one thousand acres on this mountain, which it intended to make one of the grandest niouiiteiin parks in the world. Tn this park are two natural mountain lakes. Lake Anna and Lake Bonita. 123 . CHAPTEK X. COMMERCIAL INTERESTS. The most prominent features of business in Saratoga are the bottling and selling of the mineral waters, and the entertainment of summer visitors. These ^wo pursuits have absorbed a vast amount of capital, and some of Saratoga's most enterprising citi- zens are engaged in these occupations. The several springs are owned by different stock companies or private interests, and the amount of capital invested in each varies from $5,000 to $1,000,- 000. Many of the springs are very valuable, both for the amount expended in developing them, and the large amount of valuable mineral water they produce. To place these waters in all the leading cities of the United States, and the world, has required the greatest energy and business skill, and the substantial results obtained in this field are a creditable testimony to the managers of this important work. The task of providing bed and board for the hundred thousand people who annually come here is enormous. No one who has visited Saratoga in July or August, and seen the bustle of the great hotels, as each train brings hundreds of new arrivals, can fail to be impressed with the magnitude the hotel business has attained at this place. The palatial buildings, the exquisite decorations and furnishing, the bountiful tables loaded with delicacies and luxuries, the lav- ishness expended for the entertainment of guests, have involved immense capital, and require more than ordinary su{)ervision. But, besides the spring and hotel interests, and the general busi- ness of entertaining, there is a large mercantile interest, and Sara- toga boasts of many stores of considerable size, well-stocked with such goods as the visitors and residents require. They are situated mostly on Broadway, between Congress Street and the Town Hall, and present very attractive windows to passers-by. 24 SAKATOGA ILLUSTKATEl). The book-stores of Saratoga are very liberally supplied with the latest and most attractive literature in bound books, maga- zines, and paper-covered publications. They are mostly located on Broadway, between Congress Street and Caroline Street. Robson & Adee have a fine, large book-store at N(j. 392 Broadway, opposite the United States Hotel. They keep a large stock of the latest and most popular literature, and the leading magazines, periodicals, guide-books, and a large assortment of fine stationery and sport- ing goods. They have another store called Congress Hall Book-Store, luider Congress Hall Hotel, on Broadway, near the entrance to Congress Spring and Park. At either of these stores the lover of good books and literature and the hunter of souvenirs can have his most fastidious taste satisfied with the choicest bits to be found anywhere. The Saratoga Book-Store. C. P. Penfield's new place of business, Broadway, opposite the Grand Union Hotel, two doors north of Spring Street, is a very attractive book and stationery store. He keeps the latest books, magazines, guide-books, pocket cutlery, pocket-books, gold pens, fountain pens, and all kinds of games. Brunner's News-Rooms. Mr. Bernard Brunner has established a news-room, opening just off the lobby of the Post-Office, in the Arcade, on Broadway. He makes a specialty of newspapers, n.iagazines, guide-books, stationery, games, croquet sets, etc., and all articles commonly found in news-rooms. The "Daily Saratogian." Visitors will find the " Daily Saratogian," the bright morning local newspaper, almost indispensable, if they wish to know what is going on in tow^n. This is a live, spicy journal, edited by good writers, and published in neat style, often illustrated. 135 ^ i^ii K.. jJiiiil)iiife;i:'/:ii;iiiiii P^^ CHAPTER XI. HISTORY OF SARATOGA SPRINGS. The name of Saratogfa is derived from an old Indian name, 8e-rach-ta-gue — meaning the hillside country of the great rider — and referred to that tract of land lying six miles back on either side of the Hudson, and fifteen miles in length, embracing the present townships of Saratoga and Stillwater on the west, and Easton on the east, side of the Hudson River. This tract was deeded by the Indians, in 1684. to Peter Philip Schuyler and six other citizens of Albany. It extended, as described in the Letters Patent, from Di-on-on-da-ho-iva, now the Batten Kill, to Then- en-do-ho-wa, now the Anthony Kill, near Mechauicsville, on both sides of the Go-ho-ta-te-a, now Hudson River. The tract embrac- ing the present springs was called by the Indians Kay-ad ros- se-ra — the lake country— d^nd was a favorite hunting-ground, whose name is now retained for the large stream flowing through the county and emptying into the Hudson at Meehanicsville. When the mineral springs were first discovered by the whites, they unwittingly called them "The Springs near Saratoga," though sitnated several miles away from the real Se-rach-ta-yne, in another hunting-ground ; and thus the less distinguished robbed the more noted of its name and fame. ' Ye say they all have passed away. That noble race and brave, That their light canoes have vanish'd From off the crested wave ; That 'mid the forest where they roam'd There rings no hunter's shout: But their name is on your waters. Ye may not wash it out." 126 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. In the year 1703, one Rip Van Dam and twelve associates took of the Mohawk eliicfs, an Indian deed of Kny-ad-ros-se-ra. It was not until 1768 that the deed, through the powerful influence of Sir VYiliiam Johnson, was confirmed by the tribe. The chiefs said they were told by the agents of the purchasers that the description in the deed only covered "land enough for a good- sized farm," and that they never intended by it to convey to the whites, " for a few baubles," their great hunting ground contain- ing half a million acres. But after more than sixty years of fruitless quarrels over this old title, the Indians had grown weak and the whites had grown strong, and it is the old story — the weaker gave up to the stronger. In 1770 the tract was surveyed into allotments, and divided among the proprietors and their heirs. Lot No. 12 of the sixteenth allotment, on which the vil- lage of Saratoga Springs now stands, fell to the lot of Rip Van Dam. He was the first white man that owned the Springs of Saratoga, and he owned them all without even knowing it. The Indians, never having troubled themselves with the trials of getting an education, kept no record of the early history of the Springs at Saratoga. At least one spring had a prehistoric existence. The bear, the deer, the wolf, and moose were the original patrons of High Rock Spring. In their eagerness to drink the saline waters, they gathered round this "big salt lick" in great numbers, and were often shot by the Indians while drinking. The Indians said that the water took away all fear of man, and that the timid deer suffered death rather than forego the salty waters that flowed over the top of the mound- like rock. The Indians themselves used the waters freely, and regarded the spot as a " medicine spring" that was the direct gift (tf the Great Spirit for the healing of their nations. The first white man who visited Saratoga Springs, says Sir \Villiam Johnson, was a sick French officer whom an Indian chief brought from Fort Carrilon to be benefited by the waters. The next, it is be- lieved, was Sir William himself, who came- there in August, 1761, ten years before Dirck Scoughten built his pioneer hotel upon the bluff near by. His faithful Mohawks brought him through the woods from Schenectady, by the way of Ballston Lake, to the 127 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. High Rock Spring. Scoiighten's route to the springs was from the Hudson to the east side of Saratoga Lake, thence across the lake in a bark canoe to the mouth of the Kayadarosseras River, thence up the river two miles to an Indian trail that led to the springs. In 1783, General P. Schuyler cut a road through the woods from his mills at the mouth of Fish Creek to the springs, and built a summer-house, which he occupied every summer with his family during the rest of his life. Around those old fountains of Kay-ad-ros-se-ra, so often sur- rounded with the rude wigwams of the savages, the new Sara- toga has sprung up in all the pride and splendor of modern civilization. It has been but a hundred years in building. In the year 1774 the first rude hotel was opened for the entertain- ment of visitors by John Arnold, of Rhode Island. He occu- pied the house built a year or two before by Dirck Scoughten, upon the bluff west of and near the High Rock Spring. Scough- ten liad made a little clearing, planted some potatoes, and put up and partly furnished a log-house, when he quarreled with the Indians, and they drove him away. This pioneer hotel had but a single room or two on the ground floor, with a chamber overhead. In sight of it were sixteen Indian cabins filled with their savage occupants. In the rocky ledges near by there were numerous dens of rattlesnakes. There were so many of these reptiles then at the springs, that the early visitors often had to hang their beds from the limbs of the trees to avoid them. Niglitly, the wolves howled and the panther screamed ; daily, the black bears picked berries in the little clearings, and the wild deer and the moose drank from the brook, while the eagle yearly built her nest on the top of the towering pines. Such was the style, and such were the surroundings, of the first rough hotel of the wilderness springs of a hundred years ago, that led the way in the long line of magnificent structures that have since graced the village. The individual springs were discovered at various times; some by mere accident, and some by careful scienbific search. The old- est of all is the High Rock Spring. It was known to the In- dians for a long time before the whites appeared. Its actual age is uncertain, as the Indian accounts of it were mere traditions 128 SA RATOG A ILLUSTKATP]D. and ](>gen(Is. The pile of calcareous tufa heaped al)out the mouth of the spring grew by imperceptible layers, perhaps not an inch in a hundred years, and it is now three and one- half feet liigh ; so that its age vies with that of the geological period in which we live, and it may be vaguely guessed at thousands of years. For a long time, however, before Sir William's visit, it had ceased to flow over the top, and had found some other out- let. According to an old Indian legend, while it was still flow- ing over the top, some squaws once bathed their sooty faces in it, and the offended waters, shrinking from their polluting touch, sank down in shame into the bosom of the rock, and never after- wards were seen to flow over its surface. The spring was purchased by Messrs. Ainsworth & McCaffrey in 1865, and in experimenting upon it the firm found that the mound of stoue had no connection with the bedrock below. In the black soil below it was found the decayed trunk of a pine, its upper side well worn, as if long-forgoiten footsteps had worn it smooth in seeking the spring. Below this were marks of an- cient fires, and two distinct layers of tufa and meadow muck ; so that the spring may have been in existence long before the pres- ent slow-growing rock was formed, and its origin is placed still further back in the total obscurity of prehistoric time. The tubing was finished in August, 180G, and from that time to this the water has flowed out in exhaustless abundance. Congress Spring was first discovered in 1792. In the summer of that year Gov. John Taylor Gilman, of New Hampshire, was staying at the little log tavern that was built by Dirck Scoughten. eight years before, near the High Rock Spring. It was kept by Benjamin Risley, who came from Vermont. Gov. Gilman had long been connected with public affairs, and was the popular leader of the Federal party in his native State. He had served with honor in the Provincial forces in the war of the Revolution, had been a delegate in the Continental Congress for two years, and v^as at this time State Treasurer, and from 1794 was for eleven years Governor of the State. Upon a pleasant afternoon in August he took his gun and strolled up the little creek that runs past the High Rock Spring, in search of game. Saratoga was then all a wilderness, excepting the little clearing around 129 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. the tavern, and two or three others in the vicinity. He followed up the little brook, as it ran through the tangled swamp, until he came to a branch that entered it from the west. This branch then took its rise in a clear spring, that ran out of the sand bank near where the Clarendon Hotel now stands. Running acro.ss Broadway, then an Indian trail, a little northerly of the Wash- ington Spring, it emptied into the main brook in what is now Congress Street, just below the Congress Spring. A few yards above the mouth of the branch was a little cascade. Below the cascade, the rock rose abruptly two or three feet above the level of its bed. Out of this rocky bank, at the foot of the cascade, a little jet of sparkling water, not larger than a pipe stem, spirted and fell into the water of the stream. Struck by its singular ap- pearance, Gilman stopped to examine it. It tasted not unlike the water of the High Rock Spring, that was already so famous. The truth flashed upon his mind in an instant. He had found a new mineral spring. Hastening back to his boarding-place, Gilman made known his discovery. Every person in the settlement was soon at the foot of that little cascade in the deep, wild woods, wondering at the curious spectacle. There was Risley and his family, of the Scoughten House. There was^ Alexander Bryant, the patriot scout of the Revolution, who kept the only rival tavern — a log one near by Risley 's. There was General Schuyler, who had, just ten years before, cut a road through the woods from his mills near the mouth of Fish Creek to the springs ; and Gideon Put- nam, the founder of the lower village, and Gil man's brother, and a few more guests who were at the little log tavern. And there, too, was Indian Joe, from his clearing on the hill, near where the Clarendon now is, and some of his swarthy brethren, from their huts near the High Rock, wondering at the strange commotion among the pale faces, at the little waterfall in the brook. And they all, gathering around it, each in turn tasted the water of the newly found fountain, and, pronouncing it of superior quality, they named it tiien and there the Congress Spring, out of com- pliment to its distinguished discoverer, and in honor of the old Continental Congress, of which he had been a member. For many years afterwards the water was caught in glasses as 130 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. it ran from the rock. In attempting to increase its capacity by removing a part of the rock the spring was lost. But bubbles oi gas were noticed in the bed of the creek near by, and, turning tne creek one side, excavations were made in its bed. The spring was found and tubed, and has since become world renowned. Columbian Spring was first tubed by Gideon Putnam in 1505. The Ten Springs, near the present Excelsior Spring, were dis- covered in 1814, and the Washington was tubed in 1806. Tne Pavilion and Empire Springs were brought into notice in 1836 and 1848. The Geyser group of springs were obtained by boring, and they are comparatively recent. Some of the other springs were known for a long time, but have been only recently devel- oped. So it seems that these remarkable mineral fountains are very old, in one sense, and quite new in another. The hiaaen sources of the waters, and at least one of the escapes at the sur- face, are very ancient. The tubing and the laier boring- are comparatively a matter of our own times. The first critical and scientific examination ol the waters was made by Dr. Valentine Seaman, of New York, in 1797 ; and the first large hotel was opened in 1803, by Mr. Gideon Putnam. It was called the Union Hotel, and for a bush hung out a rude picture of " Old Put and the Wolf." The village then consisted of a few log cabins, and the visitors were all invalids. In time, the fame of the cures increased, and the village spread its borders through the wilderness, and began to take on its present rather gorgeous apparel. Saratoga has, at times, been visited vith disastrous conflagra- tions, which have swept away, in an hour, some of the magnifi- cent hotels of the town. The first of these, of late date, was in 1865, when the old United States and Marvin Hotels were con- sumed. They occupied the ground on which the new United States Hotel now stands. The Marvin House, now the Worden, was rebuilt on its present site in 1869. The United States was rebuilt in its enlarged and present colossal proportions in 1874, and in Jime of that year it was opened to summer visitors. The money for building it was raised by the sale of bonds, and the enormous sum of $1,000,000 was expended in its construction. The old Congress Hall was destroyed by fire in 1866. The present lai SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Congress Hall was built upon the same ground in 1868, at a cost of $800,000, raised by bonds bought by the citizens and others, who came forward to assist Mr. Hathorn in repairing the great loj^s to the town, and replacing it with the present beautiful structure. The Crescent, Park Place, and Columbian Hotels, extending from Congress Street, on the west side of Broadway, to the grounds of the Clarendon Hotel, were burned, in one confla- gration, in the fall of 1871. The Columbian was rebuilt and reopened in 1872, and the Park Place and Crescent Hotels were replaced in 1872 by the Grand Hotel, which covered all the ground occupied by the two, with very considerable extensions. The Grand Hotel had a short career, for, on the 1st day of October, 1874, it was obliterated by a sweeping fire that leveled it with the ground. It has not yet been rebuilt, but the vacant lot and ruins on Broadway, corner of Congress Street, still perpetuate its memory. The Grand Union has been more fort- unate than its rivals, and has gradually assumed its present ornamental and extensive appearance, by various enlargements and reconstructions, the last one being the rebuilding of the north wing in the spring of 1875. The Town Hall, on corner of Broadway and Lake Avenue, was built in 1869, and Convention Hall was erected by the village in 1892 and 1893, under the supervision of a commission, at a cost of over $100,000. Saratoga County was formed from a part of Albany in Feb- ruary, 1791. The first settlements were made by the Dutch, a few years after their arrival in this country. The county, lying on the natural route between the settlements on the Hudson and the French towns in Canada, naturally became the scene of much of the fighting in the early wars between the English and French. After the conquest of Canada, in 1760, the settlements extended rapidly northward, and, by the time of the Revolution, the county had become well filled. During that war, Bur- goyne's surrender, and the evejits that preceded it, made the county famous in our hislory. The British forces ravaged the entire county, and caused its almost entire depopulation, but the people finally captured the entire English army. - 132 SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. Saratoga Springs was formed from Saratoga Township in April, 1819, and was made a post town in 1826. In 1831 a subscription was raised to build a railroad from Schenectady. From that time Saratoga Springs has grown rapidly. It has had its ups and downs, its fires and hotel openings, its dull times and its periods of wonderful prosperity. To-day it has a permanent population of 12,000, and offers more attractions than ever. Within the year it has added to its hotel facilities, its social advantages, and its sanitary conveniences. Houses and villas are springing up in its new streets. Better roatls and driv* s are extending in every direction. Its races and regattas have become established institutions of the pleasure-seeking season. Its springs flow in greater volume than ever, and in all their abun- dance there is no decline in their invaluable medical properties. The invalid, the fasliionable woman, the idler, and the busy city man may here find, each in their way, something to please, and none need depart saying that aught is wanting that could con- tribute to his comfort or happiness. 133 TROY LAUNDRY 39 PHILA STREET SARATOGA SPRINGS, - - - - NEW YORK Fine Work and Pressing a Specialty Work Called for and Delivered .... TELEPHONE CONNECTION JOE HIGH BROWN, = = = = Proprietor Citizens National Bank, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS TRANSACTED. SAFE DEPOSIT BOXES TO RENT. INTEREST PAID ON CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT. JOHN FOLEY. President. W. T. ROCKWOOD. - - Vice-President. J. H. DE RIDDER, Cashier. Saratoga Book Store. Broadway, Saratoga Springs. opposite the Grand Union Hotel. Staple and Fancy Stationery AT POPULAR PRICES. Blank Books; Cutlery, Leather Goods, Photograph Albums, Scrap Books, Fountain Pens, White Holly Novelties, Souvenirs with views of Saratoga Hotels, Springs, Ponipaia House, Grant Cottage and Schnylerville Monument. Agent for Columbia and Hartford Bicycles, Boys' and Girls' Bicycles, Croquet, Lawn Tennis, etc. TAINTOR'S GUIDES. ALL KINDS OF GAMES. THE Saratoga Baths 19 to 25 Phila Street. OPEN DAILY FROM 8 A.M. TO 6 P.M. FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN. ALL KINDS OF BATHS. TURKISH, RUSSIAN, ROMAN, MINERAL AND PLAIN, ALSO SWEDISH MOVEMENTS AND MANUAL GYMNASTICS. PRICES: TURKISH, $1. RUSSIAN, $1. ROMAN, $ 1 .25. MINERAL, 75 cts. PLAIN, 50 cts. USE OF SWIMMING POOLS FREE TO PATRONS. The Old Putnam Mineral Spring Water, used for baths, has no superior in this country or in Europe as a curative medium, in cases of rheumatism, nervousness, indigestion, etc. H. M. LEVENGSTON, Jr., Proprietor, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. HUDSON RIVER BY DAYLIGHT, The Most Charming: Inland Water Trip on the American Continent. X. DAY LINE STEAMERS, "NEW YORK" AND ''ALBANY," EXCEPT SUNDAY— Leave Brooklyn, by Annex, 8 a.m. ; New York, Desbrosses St. Pier, N. R. (adjoining Jcnx-y City Ferry), 8.40 a.m., and foot 22d St., N. R, 9 a. m., landing at Youkers, Wes^t Point, Nc\vl)urg:h, Poughkeepsie, Kingj^ton Point, Catskill and Hudson. Returning, li'uve Albany, 8 .SO a.m., from foot of "Hamilton St., arriv- ing in New York at 5.30 p.m. CHOICE OF TWO ROUTES TO THE R^ESOrtXJs* OF THE CATHIilLLN. CONNECTIONS: WEST POINT— With feriy for Garrison's and with down boat at 2.50. NKWBUK-a. Through tickets s^old to all points. SEND SIX CENTS FOR *' SUMMER EXCURSION BOOK." MEALS SERVED ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN. AN ELEGANT ORCHESTRA ON EACH STEAMER. Tickets readinRvIa Now York Central and Hudson River or West Shore Railroads, between Albany and New York, are available un these Steamers. I-.^!^^. THE GATEWAY OF THE COUNTRY, Lake Champlain. Lake George. THBOUGH the picturesque and historic Lakes George and Champlain to the famous summer resorts in the Green, Adirondack and White Mountains, Montreal, Saratoga and Ausable Chasm. Beaiitifal Lake and Mountain Scenory. Unrivalled for Grandeur and Beauty. The Popular Pleasure Route between all points in the Northern Country. Touching at Hotel Cham plain four times daily. The magnificent side- wheel steamers " Vermont ■" and " Chateaugay " on Lake Champlain, " Horicon " and " Ticonderoga " on Lake George. Main and close connections with all trains on the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company's R. R. at Fort Ticonderoga and Caldwell for Saratoga, Albanj', New York and points south, at Plattsburgh for Ogdensburgh, Thousand islands, Montreal and Quebec. At Plattsburgh with the Chateaugay R. R. for all points in the Adirondacks. At Bia-lington with the Central Vermont R. R. for White and Green Mountiiins resorts. At Port Kent for Ausable Chasm. Meals served on board, Tickets sold and Baggage checked to Destination. General Office, Burlington, Vt. GEORGE RUSHLOW, General Manager. RED SPRING BATHS Spring Ave. and Geneva St. SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. THE RED SPRING ALKALINE BATHS are celebrated for the cure of Eheumatism, Gout, Salt Rheum, Eczema, Scrof- ula and all disorders arising from impurities of the blood. TWO LARGE SWIMMING POOLS One Reserved for Ladies OPEN DAY AND EVENING LIGHTED BY ELECTRICITY A COMPLETE GYMNASIUM Red Spring Baths are Soothing and Invigoratiny RED SPRING WATER acts directly upon the stomach, blood and kidneys, relieving tlie system of all poisonous secretions. For Catarrh, Scrofula, Eruptions, Dyspepsia and all stomach and kidney troubles, it is unexcelled. Sold in bottles only atid shipped ei'erywJiere A line of comfortable busses make half hourly trips to the Spring. Address all communications to W. G. MAURICE, Manager MAURICE BATH HOUSE, Hot Springs, Ark. Under Same Management The FAMOUS TRUNK LINE ROUTE. PASSING AS IT DOES ALOJNG THE WEST SHORE OF THE HUDSON RIVER, AND THROUGH THE PICTURESQUE MOHAWK VALLEY IS THE POPULAR WEST-SHORE -RAILROAD= THE ONLY LINE RUNNING WAGNER BUFFET PALACE SLEEPING CARS between NEW YORK AND TORONTO "W^ITPIOXJT OliA-KTChHS- THE ONLY ALL RAIL ROUTE AND THROUGH DRAWING ROOM CAR LINE TO AND FEOM THE Special Trains, Drawing Room Cars attached, are run during the Summer Season between NEW YORK AND NEW PALTZ FOR LAKES MOH ONK AND MINNEWASKA. DRAWING ROOM CARS, WITHOUT CHANGE, BETWEEN NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA AND BLOOMVILLE. .> AND CLOSE CONNECTIONS AT JERSEY CITT BETWEEN WASHINGTON, BALTIMORK, PHILADELPHIA, 1,0X0 KKAMH, POINT PLEASANT, 8ARATO0\ mid LVKK GEOKGE. FAST EXPRESS TRAINS, WITH ELEGANT PALACE AND SLEEPING CARS, BETWEEN NEW VOKK, BOSI'OV, NEWIUIMJII. KI\flIIiV Sflt^flTOGIflH. If you are an advertiser and desire to reach a multitude of people, place your advertisement in the columns of THH iDflmV SAfiflTOGIflH for the season. Advertising rates and circulation fur- nished upon application. Circulation guaranteed. Published by THE SARATOGIAN COMPANY, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. ♦ Empire Spring SARATOGA.Ny. THE BEST OF SARATOGA In flavor, agreeable medicinal effects, and bottling qualities, the Empire Water is unequaled. It is bottled direct from Wood Tubing with no extra gasing, and possesses phenomenal power to hold its medi- cinal properties in solution even after uncorking. As a morning cathartic, and for relief of all disorders of the digestive and depurative organs, such as Indigestion, Constipation, Catarrh and Neui-algia of the Stomach, it is unsurpassed among all the remedies yet discovered. The freedom from griping pains which is noticeable in the cathartic operations of this water, is a distinctive characteristic to which we would call especial attention. In all Bronchial difficvilties the curative effects of Empire is marvelous. For Consumptives, Empire Water stands alone among all mineral waters as a source of great relief— its tendency to allay the fever coughs and night sweats incident to this disease render it a very valuable remedy. In cases of Scrofula its alterative effects have been uniformly attended with relief. All kinds of Eruptive diseases. Pimples, Blotclies and Ulcers, are most effectuallj' eradicated, Avhile its purifying power gives tone to the stomach and invigorates the whole system. Dr. Charles S. Grant sajs: With thirty years'' experience in Saratoga, I prescribe the Empire Water in my practice. As a before-breakfast drink for Cathartic oi' Alterative effect, I firmly believe its superior does not flow fropi the earth. SOLD IN BOTTLES ONLY. ADDRESS : EMPIRE SPRING CO, - Saratoga Springs, N. Y. HOTEL CASTLETON, BRIGHTON HEIGHTS NEW BRIGHTON STATEN ISLAND, N.Y. AN IDEAL SUMMER RESORT— A COSEY WINTER RESORT CUE first noteworthy object to attract one's attention when approaching Staten Ishmd is the liandsonie Hotel Castleton, which occupies the most sightly and delightful location in the vicinity of New York. Standing on an elevation right at the gate- way through which ocean steamers and vessels of all descriptions are constantly passing, Tlie Castleton affords its guests an ever-changing panorama of i-are beauty and interest, as well as a superb view of New York, Brooklyn, Jersey City, and the country surrounding the Upper Bay of New York. The })eculiarly favoi-able location and ease of access from and ^o New York make The Castleton a desirable home for many people whose business is in the lower part of tiie city. It is an attractive place for those who wish to spend a few weeks at various seasons of the year near but not in New York. And it is especially convenient as a winter home for families having children to educate, being but a short distance from the new Staten Island Academy and other excellent schools. The Castleton is furnished and conducted with special regard for the comfort of families of the best custom. Its apartments are the perfection of comfort, and the cuisine is declared to be excellent. There are baths on every floor and in connection with many suites of rooms. There are elevators, electric liglds, steam heat, and sun parlors. Nine hundred feet of piazzas, much of them inclosed in glass for winter and opening into a dancing pavilion 4()x6."), with a s|)eciaily selected and })repared floor. There are billiard and pool tables for ladies and gentlemen, bowling alleys, tennis and cro([Ut't grounn board the steamers. R. R. Offices througli out the country. Tickets sold and baegage checked to all points WEST via N. Y. C. ct H R R.. N. Y. & W\ S.. D. & H. C. Co., Filchburg. Cent'l Vt.. B. & A., and O. & L. C. Railroails, etc. W. W. EVERETT, J. H ALLAIRE. F. C. EARLE, M. B. WATERS, President. Gen. T. Agent. Qcn. Ft. Agent. Gen. Pass. Agent. Lake George and Lake Champlain ...THE.... HISTORIC NORTHERN WATERS THE IDEAL SUMMER TOUR. BY THE DELAWARE & HUDSON R. R. F INE TRAINS INE STEAMBOATS AND INE HOTELS Everywhere Throughout this Charmed Region SARATOGA SPRINGS THE ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS SHARON SPRINGS, ETC., ETC. ll!;^^Spn(l 4 cents in stamps for Illustrated Giiido to Resorts, Hotel-^ and Boarding Houses, IMap.s etc.. to J. W. BURDICK, General Passenger Agent ALBANY, N. Y. SARATOGA GEYSER WATER! THE LEADING WATER OF SARATOGA. FOR DYSPEPSIA it is unrivaled. It contains more Soda and Magnesia combined tha.r\ any other Saratoga water. FOR KIDNEY DISEASES it, beyond dis- pute, excels ail otiier waters. It contains a much larger quantity of Lithia tlian any of the so-called Lithia waters. AS A CATHARTIC, when taken rather warm before breakfast, it is mUd yet thorough. It is not a harsh water. BEWARE OF MANUFACTURED WATER. Ask for SARATOGA Geyser. For sale by the Glass, fresh from the Bottle, at our office, No. 1 Grand Union Block, corner Broadvvaj and Congress Street, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Address GEYSER SPRING CO.. SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. TAINTOR'S GUIDE-BOOKS TAINTOR BROTHERS, Publisher?, 13 A§tor Place, l¥ew York. These Gnides describe all Cities, Towns and Stations on the routes, giring Ifcems of interest to the traveler for business and pleasure, and are ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS AND \ArOODCUTS. PRICE, 25 CENTS EACH, BT KAIL. *' City of Neur York."— Containing descriptions of and direc^ tions for visiting the Public Buildings, Places of Amusement, Library, eta A new Street Directory, Travelers' Directory, and a Map of New York, Brooklyn, Jersey City, Hoboken, etc *' Hudson River Route."— New York to West Point, Cats- kill Mountains, Albany, Troy, Saratoga Springs, Lake George, Lake Cham- plain, Adirondacks, Montreal and Quebec, via Hudson Eiver Steamers. ^^ Saratoga Illustrated." — The Visitors* Guide to Saratoga Springs, with maps and wood cuts. '* SaratOg^a mineral Waters." — Directions for their use by Dr. W. O. StiUman, of Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Sea-ISide Resorts.— A Hand-book for Health and Pleasure Seekers, for the Atlantic Coj»t from the St. Lawrence to tfce Mississippi. *'TliC Northern Resorts."— Boston to the White Moutains, Lake Memphremagog, Green Mountains, Lake Champlain, Sheldon, Massena, OgdeiB burgh, Montreal and Quebec. "The Pennsylvania Coal Regions."- New York and Philadelphia to Easton, Bethlehem, Delaware Water Gap, Mauch Chunk, Scranton, Harrisburg, WilHamsport and Elmira. "The Erie Route."— New York to Ithaca, Watkine' Glen, Rochester, Dunkirk, Buffalo and Niagara Falls, via Erie Railway and branches. "New York to Saratoga, BuffaEo and Niagara Falls."— Via Hudson River and New York Central R.R. "The Newport and Fall River Route."— New York to Boston, via Newport and Fall River. With descriptions of Newport and Narragansett Bay. '' Conneetieut River Route."— New York to the White Mountains, via N. Y.