w£ V3 GRADUATING CLASS JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE, FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. DKUVEKED IN THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC, MARCH 12, 1879. BY J. AITKEN MEIGS, M.D., PROFESSOR OP THE INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE. PHILADELPHIA: PUGH MADEIRA, SURGICAL INSTRUMENT MAKER, 115 SOUTH TENTH STREET, BELOW CHESTNUT. 1879. \y h%%tb- U. S. National Museum, s..ki. No. Dr. Charles Rau was born in Belgium in 1826. He came to the United States in 1848, and was engaged as teacher at Belleville, Illinois, and in New York. In 1875 he accepted an invitation from the Smithsonian Institution to prepare an ethnological exhibit to be displayed at the Cen- tennial Exhibition, and subsequently was appointed Curator of the department of Archaeology in the National Museum, which position he held at the time of his death, July 25, 1887. He bequeathed his Archaeological collections and library to the U. S. National Museum* • ' • VALEDICTORY ADDRESS GRADUATING CLASS JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE, FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. DELIVERED IN THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC, MARCH 12, 1879. BY J. AITKEN MEIGS, M.D., PROFESSOR OP THE INSTITUTES OP MEDICINE AND MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE. PHILADELPHIA: COLLINS, PRINTER, 705 JAYNE STREET. 1879. r CORRESPONDENCE. Jefferson Medical College, February 28th, 1879. At a meeting of the members of the Graduating Class of the Jefferson Medical College, it was unanimously Resolved, That a committee, composed of one member from each State, Province, and Nation represented, be appointed to tender to Prof. J. Aitken Meigs the compliments of the Class, and request for publication a copy of the Valedictory Address, to be delivered by him at the Annual Commencement on March 12th, 1879. J. R. Duggan, Secretary. P. R. KOONS, President. Jefferson Medical College, March 5th, 1879. Prof. J. Aitken Meigs, M.D. — Dear Sir : We, the undersigned committee appointed in accordance with the foregoing resolution, tender you the compliments of the Class, and earnestly request, for publication,* a copy of your Valedictory Address, to be delivered at the Annual Commencement on Wednesday, March 12th, 1879. Very respectfully yours, Louis Weiss, Colorado, Chairman. Cjharles Gardiner, Connecticut. John Waters, Arkansas. T. J. Murry, Tennessee. W. P. Beall, North Carolina. W. A. Paine, Pennsylvania. Page Brown, California. G. R. Clayton, Texas. » J/WN McDonald, Prince Edward Island. (5. R. Herron, Florida. J. T. Stapp, Alabama. W. L. Rodman, Kentucky. E. A. Worsley, Virginia. L. C. Cline, Indiana. C. H. Cates, Maine. Frank Kilburn, New Brunswick. Alfonzo Guerrero, Central America. S. M. Orr, South Carolina. T. W. Sheardown, Minnesota. F. E. Stewart, New York. F. L. C. Tice, Maryland. E. M. Whitney, Massachusetts. A. Rose, U.S.A. J. W. Heddens, Missouri. H. H. Davis, New Jersey. F. E. McClure, Vermont. H. C Hopper, Illinois. George Woodruff, New Hampshire. D. M. McGehee, Mississippi. F. Cauthorn, Oregon. D. B. Otway, West Indies. W. S. Hoy, West Virginia. S. S. P. Barnes, Ohio. 1408 Spruce Street, March 5th, 1879. To Messrs. Lor/is Weiss, Charles Gardiner, John Waters, and others, Committee. Gentlemen : I place at your disposal the manuscript of my Valedictory Address, and heg yon to accept for yourselves, and the members of the Class which you repre- sent, my heartiest wishes for your future prosperity and happiness. Very respectfully yours, JAMES AITKEN MEIGS. To give subtil ty to the simple, to the young man knowledge and discretion. — Proverbs, i. 4. Your voiceless lips, flowers ! are living preachers, Each cup a pulpit, and each leaf a book Supplying to my fancy numerous teachers From loneliest nook. — Horace Smith, Hymn to the Flowers. VALEDICTORY ADDRESS. Three times hath golden summer come and fled, Three times hath pallid winter overspread With snow, and stamped with jagged seal of ice The shrinking earth ; and rosy spring hath thrice In turn, with balmy breath, that seal dissolved, Since you to learn the Healing Art resolved. The novitiate of tin- student. Not one of all the famous wrestlers drilled In Greek palestroe, nor any athlete skilled In Roman games, the victor's wreath to seize Did strive with greater skill ; not Hercules More earnestly the flying stag pursued ; Not Theseus the savage bull subdued, Nor Siegfried smote the fair and brave Brynhild More valiantly, than you have sternly willed To toil, and nobly won the great success Which this day's act doth crown and thus confess Before the gracious throng assembled here. For many, many months, with toil severe, Alike have hospital and college claimed Your busy days ; unwearied still, you aimed ■ At night, in presence of the solemn dead, To learn the Avondrous riddles, yet unread, Of life and death, which mighty minds have sought To solve, alas ! in vain, with anxious thought. With knowledge armed, high hopes and courage rare, Impatiently you stand and long to dare That strife with Clotho and her sister Fates, Which this Commencement Day inaugurates. His laborious pre- paration tor the doctorate, and eagerness to assume its respon- sibilities. In knightly days when Charlemagne was king, When troubadours did love and honor sing, Days of knight- hood. 6 When queenly women ruled o'er courts of love, Conferring knighthood, and, as far above All price, proclaiming virtue, honor, truth — ■ To noble life thus leading generous youth— In those chivalric days, the neophyte, Who long had sought to be ordained a knight, Vow of the knight. Was made, when he his sword received, to swear That he for righteous cause alone would bare That blade ; for Christian faith would boldly strike ; Before the weak would stand, a stubborn dyke Oppression's flood opposing ; and would protect All womankind and hold them in respect. The Hippocratic As did the knight in olden time, so you Must now resolve, with honest hearts and true. To wield the sword of knowledge in relief Of sick and suffering ones, and those with grief Bowed down and overweighted with much care. And further you must solemnly declare That you in purity and holiness Will live and exercise your art to bless Mankind; from acts of mischief will abstain. And all seductive wiles ; and will refrain From giving drugs for deadly purposes Or vile. And when some aching brain discloses The secrets of a sad or guilty life, Which best the world should never know, lest strife And ill example follow, you will hide Such secrets whilst you counsel, whilst you chide.* Its antiquity and Than vow of knight, of older date and growth exalted character ; T ,-. • ,, i TT . ,- ,1 the reward offered J- s this exalted Hippocratic oath. and punishment ^ s y OU ^g mandates keep inviolate, threatened. * x So live you honored by the good and great. Should ever you these wholesome laws transcend, To unrespected grave may you descend. * The Oath, Works of Hippocrates translated by Francis Adams, LL.D., Surgeon, London, 1849, vol. ii. p. 779. The knight, as patron saint, some lovely maid Did choose, or noble dame, and her obeyed ; Her praises spoke and wore her scarf or veil Or ribbon-bow, as ensign, where the hail Of crushing blows in thickest fight fell fast, Her name, his war-cry, shouting with bugle blast. You likewise have, this day, yourselves arrayed Beneath the banner of the high-born maid Hygeia, daughter of Asclepios, Descended from Apollo Delios ; Adored as Maut,* beside the mystic Nile, With Amen-Ra in Theban peristyle ; Dear goddess Health, sister of Panacea, Of beauty's types the highest, best idea. The patroness i i tin' knight, for whom ami in whose name be fought. The maiden. Health, in whose behalf the physi- cian strives against disease. Her divine origin. Nor fragile she, nor pale ; but ruddy, strong, And gladsome as a tuneful, joyous song. Her comely form, in swelling curves designed, Is perfect grace with glowing strength combined. Crimson and white in her fair face contend, Upon her cheeks in sweet confusion blend ; Her rosy lips excel the coral's brightness, Brow, nose, and chin are fleecy ways of whiteness. Loosely flowing falls her hair a golden spray, Forth from her lustrous eyes she scatters day. For thus resplendently her jocund soul Wells through her eyes in laughing waves which roll, And, spreading, gleam like early morning light Flung back from eastward-looking mountain height ; Or lambent waves of phosphorescent sea, Flashing at night with sudden brilliancy. Her comely ap- pearance, * Asclepios, or JEsculapius, is doubtless the Egyptian Thoth, or Hermes Trismegistus, whose symbols, the staff and twining ser- vient, surmounted with the mystic hawk of Horus Ra, and the solar urseus, appear in the ancient temple Pselcis, near Dakkeh, in Nubia. In all probability Hygeia, the later feminine form of the myth, is derived from Maut or Mut, the "Mother Goddess" of Egypt, whose hieroglyphical signs were transformed by the Greeks into the snake and bowl of their goddess of health. See Wilkin- son's Ancient Egyptians, vol. v. p. 12, plate 46 ; or the new edi- tion by S. Birch, vol. iii. p. 170; Sharpe's Egyptian Mythology, pp. 32, 34 ; Cooper's Serpent Myths of Ancient Egypt, pp. 8-12. Robes rich and costly, gold and precious stones, She deemeth ill to wear while wretched groans From want and hunger rise on every hand, Through all the length and breadth of this large land. dress, deportment, In graceful peplos clothed, and tunic short, She moves as doth the fawn in gentle sport ; Serenely moves Avith mild simplicity, On all bestowing sweet felicity. Though clothed thus round about with tenderness, merry moods, She hath her boisterous moods which effervesce, As sudden summer wind, upspringing high, The forest sweeps, leaves tossing to the sky. mystic emblems, and character. In one small hand a cup she deftly holds, Whilst round her soft, white arm, in many folds, A serpent twines and from the chalice drinks. Low crouches, sometimes, at her feet a sphinx.* From these strange emblems learn her character, How very cunning she, and how exact her Knowledge and profound ; how with wondrous skill Her youth renews; and is discreet and still. For she hath touch of frost within her blood, Though warmest type of tender womanhood ; More secrets knows than cares she to reveal, And in her hands are subtle means to heal. Thus briefly sketched, behold your faithful guide, Your gentle, loving, health-dispensing bride. And now be mine the pleasing task to sing Epithaiamium. Your epithalamium, and to fling Upon the altar, ere you leave for aye, Bridal gifts. Some gifts to mark this bright, auspicious day — Sweet flowers, heart-hopings for your success, Ripe fruits and leaves, sage counsel to express. * "On repre'sentait cette deesse (Hygiee) sous la forme d'une jeune fille de taille svelte et degagee, vetue d'une robe legere, et couverte d'une courte tunique. Elle tenait d'une main une coupe remplie de masa, c'est-a-dire, d'une pate d'offrande preparee avec la farine d'orge la plus pure, et vers laquelle s'elancait un serpent entortille autour de l'autre bras. — Elle est figuree une Ms ayant un sphynx a ses pieds." — Sprengel, Histoire de la M his art. Of lv y? locust, bay, and cedar leaves ; Inwove with bluebells, honeysuckle too, Jasmine and heliotrope of far Peru, Had leaves and flowers- tongues, these would impart The lesson of devotion to your art— Your Art, which is your bride, and claims as such From you, unwearied thought and labor much. How very noble A very jealous mistress is this maid, for Ms areas' the ^° ner Si ^ h, love ! much talked of, little understood, Love and devotion tlr , , ., , ,, L , . i conquer Mil- world. A\ ert always true, thou wert the greatest good ; Sublime devotion, rare indeed as grand, All possibilities lie in thy hand, All difficulties flee before thy word, And the whole earth with thy resolve is stirred. John Grower, Chaucer's friend, in language fit, The lesson learned Your duty to your loving bride thus writ. It ponder well, I pray, take heed to it. " What thing she bid me do, I do, And where she bid me go, I go, And when she likes to call, I come. Thus hath she fully overcome Mine idleness. "What so she will, so wilt I, When she will sit, I kneel by. I serve, I bow, I look, I loute, Mine eye followeth her about." \ My flower-basket once again I ope, Hope. And hawthorn find for you, which meaneth hope— • That bridge o'er-arching life's- tempestuous flood ; That blessed angel steadying the blood Which falters from the anxious, care-worn face ; To sad soul's whispering, take heart of grace, To-morrow shall be happier than to-day ;| The captive comforting in his dismay, The troclden-down uplifting from distress, The daring beckoning to sure success. " True hope is swift and flies with swallow's wings, Kings it makes gods, and meaner creatures kings. "§ * Grimm's Life of Michael Angelo, Boston, 1877, vol. ii. pp. 315, 321. f Confessio Amantis of John Gower. Edited by Dr. Reinhold Pauli, London, 1857, vol. ii. p. 41. J " credula vitam Spes fovet, et fore eras semper ait melius." Tibullus, Elegy, vii. § Richard III., Act v., scene ii. 12 Hope successful ouly when aided by resolute pur- pose and sustained effort. To struggle against difficulties with energy and industry is to de- velop power. Nothing without labor. A song of labor. But hope to be successful must combine With fixed resolve to win, which columbine, This purple columbine, and mountain pink Which seeks the sun upon the topmost brink, So well express. As one with quickened heart And panting breath, much toil and painful smart, Through winding, tangled ways with rocks o'ercast, The sunlit mountain top finds out at last, So you to seize the cardinal flower Distinction, to climb the lofty tower Of glory in your god-like calling grand, Must toil with might, must trials great withstand, Must watch and wait, and be by naught deterred, Whilst travelling the path of hope deferred. What though adversity make you its prey, Not always night usurps the place of day. Wise Seneca esteemed unfortunate The man who never strove with adverse fate.* When most oppressed great souls most power show, As flowers crushed their sweetest scents bestow. Should troubles sore your pathway tessellate, Lo ! chamomile and flax which intimate That energy and industry will touch, As with IthuriePs spear, j- these foes, who crouch Within the happy Eden of your life, Like Satan in the first garden, bent on strife. To mortals life, as Horace sang, gives naught Without great labor.! Learn this lesson, fraught With vast results, and never learned too soon — Learn and practise, it will prove a boon. Through labor you your bride to greatness brings, Into your youthful ears this song she sings : You must labor. Of oldest elate, This law compulsory began While chaos kept disordered state, Ere yet from dust was fashioned man. * Nihil infelicius eo, cui nihil unquarn evenit adversi. De Pro- videntia, 3. f Paradise Lost, Book iv., 810. t Nil sine magno labore dedit mortalibus. Satires, 1, 9, 60. 13 Expanding from this primal source, A power in creation's scheme, It runs unrestingly its course, And swayeth all with might supreme. You must labor. The heaving surge Of ocean bears upon its crest The mandate. On the beetling verge Of rocks, on hills and plains impressed Indelibly, lo ! labor's seal — On river borne, on lake and spring, In sunbeams glancing that enwheel Our globe with blessing-laden wing. The searcher in the dim abodes Where science guards her treasured lore, The delver midst the golden lodes Of wisdom's richest, purest store ; The student whose untiring eye The touch of healthful sleep scarce knows ; The sons of toil, whose heart-wrung cry No respite winneth from their woes ; The merchant prince with soul-care clad, The statesman clothed in arrogance And power, the merry ones and sad Who thickly crowd life's shadow-dance ; Strong industry, w r an penury, Restless ambition seeking fame, Gray sorrow, patient misery — All, all its potency proclaim. You must labor. Thus God hath said, Thou, in the sweat which doth bedew The face, shalt eat thy daily bread. The healing art shall yield to you Reward through ceaseless toil and care In saving men from sickness, pain, And death, and worse than death, despair, Which freezes heart and palsies brain. 14 You must labor with noblest aim, If on the massive architrave Of fame's entablature, your name In living lines you would engrave. No tarrying the road beside, No resting from the work, though worn, Still toiling at the even- tide, As at the noon and early morn. May toil be crowned with success. That great success may crown your toil, I throw You coronilla fair and mistletoe, Which tell of difficulties overcome, As victories proclaimed by beat of drum ; And rock-rose, currants too, of savor sweet, That all your strivings may much favor meet. Some words of warning:. Hidden dangers. Disease is no re- specter of persons. Not obstacles seen clearly constitute The foes most dangerous to the resolute, Who such opponents justly recognize As friendly helpers in a rough disguise ; But rather those temptations manifold Which dangers hide, as thickets dense some bold, Deceitful precipice shut in from view, And lure with leaves and flowers, bright of hue, .Unwary ones to sudden fall and death, Amidst the cruel rocks concealed beneath. Against some hidden dangers you to warn, The bridal altar I forthwith adorn With tuberose, sweet-scented, clothed in white, And fragrant apples rosy to the sight — The fruit which our first mother led astray, And showed her quickened eyes life's rugged way, Showed her and us how lengthened woes outspring From fleeting joys, as shadows to sunlight cling. Disease is cosmopolitan and makes No nice distinctions, but its victims takes From every place and from all ranks alike, And equally the great and mean doth strike. All sick, in time, will come to seek your aid ; The rich, the poor, people of every grade 15 Of worth and wealth, the noble and the vile ; Some clad in innocence, some filled with guile ; Some cultivated, perfect beaux-espHts ; And others stupid to the last degree. To these, all these, must you extend the hand Of healing. This your conscience doth command, And this humanity enjoins. Herein Lies danger, for your sympathy will win You many friends, who, being folk of worth, The salt which renders wholesome all the earth, Will much advance your credit with the world; But being vicious — as the bee close curled Within the flower, oft stings him whose sense Inhales the sweet perfume — with much pretence And outward show of good, will wound your fame, Your ways pervert, and so assoil your name, That, like the Egyptian in the ancient tale,* Or "simple ones" of Proverbs, you will fail Not, when aroused at last, to realize, In tribulation and with many sighs, That, sweet on one side, apples of Istkahar, Upon the other, very bitter are. Assimilation is a common law, Good leads to good, evils to evil draw. The soul is nourished through the eye which looks Upon the good and true, for these are books Of wisdom. He who often contemplates 111 deeds too oft his soul contaminates. The sick treat kindly, then, with hands benign Their wounds bind up, and oil pour in and wine. But make not friends of all this company, Though bright as asters to the eye they be. The Graces sometimes with the Fates clasp hands, Behind the Sirens oft some Fury stands. All sick, whether good or bad, must be succored. The law of assimi- lation. The physician must not make friends of all his patients indis- criminately. * The Tale of the Garden of Flowers. A story of Egyptian social life of the XlXth dynasty; contained in one of the hieratic papyri belonging to the museum at Turin, and translated by M. Francois Chabas. See Records of the Past, being English translations of the Assyrian and Egyptian monuments, vol. vi. p. 151. 16 The temptation Oh! ardent youth, what magazines of force, of fame and its ttt, , ,-■ -, , -, ., vanity. What mettled steeds upon the racing course Of life, ye are. Filled with ambitious dreams, Ye rush and foam, like swift and noisy streams That vex the steep-inclining mountain side, Against the boulders dash and over-ricle Their banks, singing meantime a wild refrain, And speeding swiftly onward to the plain. Along their banks what exhalations rise, What phantoms vast of fame enchant your eyes ; How from their sources, near the mountain's crest, They see and seek the fair green fields caressed With golden light which the regal sun flings down Upon the forest, river, plain, and town. Down running to the river and the sea, The streams, now lost in their identity, Exult no more, nor know, nor feel the sun, Though bathed in light through all the course they run. Ye, also, see from your beginnings slight, The dazzling spectre glory, with delight, And eagerly pursue, but ere life's noon Is reached, what if your hopes are wrecked and strewn? Daphne, by Phoebus chased, was changed in form; He clasped a bay-tree, not the goddess warm. The lesson taught The lesson which doth from this legend come Great Webster taught, who nearest Shakespeare clomb : "Glories, like glow-worms, afar off shine bright, But look'd to near, have neither heat nor light."* Ostentation and charlatanism to be avoided. Shun braggart glory, crave no sounding name, Good deeds in heaven's scales weigh more than fame. All pomp and vain display avoid, although The foolish world is led by empty show. Be always what you seem, seem what you be ; With learning couple large integrity. Through merit seek to rise, and not by dint Of blazoning your names in public print, Or pseudo-scientific pamphlets, Avhich Not science, but their writers seek to enrich * The Duchess of Malfl, Act iv. scene ii. Devil, or Vittoria Corombona. see also The White Through wondrous tales of cures adroitly told, To snare the credulous and filch their gold. Praise not yourselves, nor others' praises buy, As men, not showmen, with each other vie. Upon the public never seek to palm, With face unblushing and without a qualm, The coin of base presumptuous pretence For sterling gold of honest excellence.* If all or any of these things you do, They degrade tl]r Then will you soil the wreath, and rend in two profession. The veil of your fair bride, and make her name And mild, sweet face a mockery and shame. Again my basket I explore, and find The bay-wreath of o J r merit. Another wreath of leaves with flowers twined ; A bay-wreath, merit's coveted reward, Be-sprigged with rue and pine, which well accord As types of reason and philosophy ; With salvia decked and white mulberry, Which wisdom and her lofty ways declare. Who worthy is this simple wreath to wear ? Not you, oh not yet you, who just have donned Your armor bright, and for your mistress blonde Have struck no blow. For him alone this wreath, Who soon will put his armor off, and sheathe The sword which, more than fifty years, hath warred With direst foes of man, and hath restored To blessed liberty of health and ease, Unnumbered many captives of disease. Your hearts and thoughts, my heart and mind unite, And turn to him who sits upon my right. This chaplet now upon thy head I lay, Apostrophizing Thou Ambrose Pare of the present day ; Prof ' S " D " Gross - * Against the forms of quackery above indicated an emphatic cry of warning has been raised by Dr. E. B. Gardette, in his ad- mirable Valedictory Address to the graduating class of the Balti- more College of Dental Surgery, recently republished in this city ; and by Dr. M. H. Henry in an address entitled "Specialists and Specialties in Medicine," New York, 1876. 9 18 For thee the laurel and the bay, thou skilled Amongst the foremost of our ancient guild ; Thou noble, learned lover of learning, Whom Oxford honored with just discerning ; Thou whom thy brethren all delight to praise, Thou good friend of my early, struggling days. Epicedmm. From him whose armor still is bravely worn, I pass, in sadness and with heart forlorn, To him whose armor has been laid aside. In tears and sadness and with humbled pride, And trembling hands and drooping soul, I spread, Prof. J. b. Biddie, I n memory of our brother who is dead, 7q 1 °i,s d ? i Q d January These withered willow leaves and cypress sad. Oh! never more his face our hearts will glad, Oh ! never more within our ears will sound The voice of him we loved with love profound. But though his body crumbleth into dust, Still lives his name which all men said was just. To us that name whose lustre ne'er will cease, And to his ashes everlasting peace. And for your classmates, fallen in life's spring,* A handful of forget-me-nots I bring. The invocation. And now, Hymen, hear my earnest prayer, Thee I invoke, and all the Muses fair ; Thee, Erato, who sings at marriage feasts, Thee, Orpheus, who harps to savage beasts ; And great Apollo, who, soft lyre in hand, On high Olympus leads the choric band. You, smiling Seasons, too, I supplicate, Whose duty is to watch at heaven's gate, And order, justice, peace dispense on earth ; And lovely Graces, you, whose happy mirth Soothes labor, beautifies mechanic art, Rude sense refines, and decks both mind and heart. ■6^ TheJPaian, I implore, thou surgeon bred, Who Ares cured when hurt by Diomed, * Clinton B. Fine, Alfonzo M. Keely, Jacob H. Lefevre, and Wil- liam J. Mosier, who died during the session. 19 And Cheiron, wise and just, most upright named,* In physic, all the arts and music famed. Next, Esculapius, on thee I call, Thou great physician, wisest of them all, Who cured all sick and brought to life the dead, Incurring thus the wrath of Zeus dread. Ye mighty powers, hither haste, draw near, And kindly look upon these bridegrooms here ; Their acts direct, be you their constant guide, And o'er their lives propitiously preside. make them good physicians, wise and kind, Well skilled in all the arts to help mankind ; In all the means of easing cruel pains, And calming restless hearts and troubled brains. Endow their hands with that obstetric power, Which succor brings in labor's dreadful hour, And great chirurgic skill to wield the knife, Austere but kind, that wounds in saving life. All chemic and botanic arts disclose To them, which best may mitigate man's woes, And skill medicinal, with which to stay The pestilence and rob it of its prey. Enable them to bring profound relief To those outstretched upon the rack of grief, And make them havens sure of peaceful rest, To all who suffer and are sore distressed. The writer earnestly hopes that those to whom this address was delivered may become useful and successful physi- Strew, Flora, strew, with flowers strew their way, Sing, Muses, sing the hymeneal lay, Lead, Graces, lead with rhythmic feet the dance, As bride and bridegroom hand in hand advance — She, radiant in all her blushing pride, He, seeking to be worthy of his bride. Give, Hymen, give them length of days and peace, And while they others bless without surcease, Let them with blessings numberless be crowned, As goodly trees with luscious fruit abound. Hymeneal. * So Homer in the Iliad, xi. 832. 20 Make the bride a crown of glory to her spouse, .Who plights to her, this clay, his nuptial vows ; Jhou[dSg l e ntly And let the g™ 0m exalt his bride S0 bi S h > strive to elevate That men, with hands forth stretched to her, shall cry — his profession, and thus lead the pub- In language of the sacred nuptial song* lie to respect and en n -j.il- i i honor it. fchall cry, in tender, burning words and strong — Behold how fair thou art, behold how fair, Thy voice how sweet, thy face beyond compare ; How fair thy love, how better far than wine, As honeycombs how drop thy lips divine ; How smell thy garments like to Lebanon, Thou pleasant dove, thou fair to look upon, Thou garden closed of spices sweet, thou well Of living waters cool, thou soft gazelle. How beautiful thy feet within thy shoes, How cunningly are wrought thy joints and thews. Thy neck is as a tower of ivory, Thou art all fair, there is no spot in thee. * The Sons of Solomon. GRADUATES JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PHILADELPHIA. MARCH. 1879. At a Public Commencement, held at the American Academy of Music on the 12th of March, 1879, the Degree of Doctor of Medicine was conferred ou the following gentlemen, by E. 13. Gardette, M.D., President of the Institution, after which a Valedictory Address to the Graduates was delivered by Professor J. Aitken Meigs. M.D. name. Armstrong, J. Stone Bair, Thomas A. Bane, William C. Barnes, Samuel S. P. Beall, William P. Beckley, Edwin L. Beery, Charles C. Beyer, William F. Biddle, Alexander W. Blunden, Boyle N. Boenning, Henry C. Bond, Man roe Bowcock, John W. Brock, Rufus E. Brower, Charles F. Brown, Carlos M. Brown, Page Bryson, Lewis M. Buck, James P. Burford, J. Edward Burgin, Herman Burroughs, Hamilton S. Cahall, William Cannon Campbell, Cassius M. C. Campbell, George W. Carr, A. Smith Cates, Charles H. Cauthorn, Franklin STATE OR COUNTRY. SUBJECT OF THESIS. New York. A Normal Heart Beat. Pennsylvania. Clinical History of Typhoid Fever. Pennsylvania. Ovarian Cysts and their treatment by Ovariotomy. Ohio. The Portal Circulation. North Carolina. Diphtheria. Maryland. Bronchocele. New York. Cerebro-spinal Fever. Pennsylvania. Diphtheria. Pennsylvania. The Trephine. Pennsylvania. Bromide Preparations. Pennsylvania. The Localization of Spinal Lesions. New Hampshire. Malic Acid and Erysipelas. West Virginia. Laryngeal and Nasal Diphtheria. West Virginia. Leucocythsemia. Virginia. Intra-Capsular Fracture of the Femur. California. Insanity; its Pathology and Symp- toms. California. Apoplexy. Pennsylvania. Typhoid Fever. Pennsylvania Haematuria. Texas. Hemorrhagic Malarial Fever. Pennsylvania. Subjective Diagnosis. Pennsylvania. Haemoptysis. Delaware. Speech Impediments. Pennsylvania. Typhoid Fever. Pennsylvania. Etiology of Haemorrhoids. West Virginia. Morbilli. Maine. Blood Alterations of Pregnancy. Oregon. Digestion and Absorption. Chapman, Norman H. Clayton, George R. Cline, Lewis C. Cox, Thomas B. Crawford, George W. Crawford, Gustavus R. J. Criswell, John F. Crump, William L. Davis, Henry H. Davis, Lewis G. Deemer, John T. De Wolfe, Willard L. Diehl, Oliver Dillard, Richard, Jr. Duggan, James R. Ellenberger, J. Wesley Enos, Thos. A. Entler, George F. Espy, John S. Feltwell, John Flick, Lawrence F. Forbes, Wm. H. Forster, Charles V. Fowler, Warren H. Fravel, Edward H. Frick, Cyrus S. Friebis, George Fritz, Horace M. Gandy, Charles M. Gardiner, Charles Grady, William A. Guerrero, Alfonzo L. Guzman, Virgilio Hacker, Isaac B. Hale, John G. Haley, George P. Hampton, John T. Hankey, Wilbur H. J. Hansell, Howard F. Hassenplug, Galen K. Hays, Peter W. Hazlett, Isaac W. Heddens, James W. Heinitsh, George W. Herbein, Milton H. Herr, Francis C. Herron, Charles R. Hewson, Addinell, Jr. STATE OE COUNTEY. Illinois. Texas. Indiana. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Canada. Indiana. North Carolina. SUBJECT OF THESIS. Surgical Shock. Angina Pectoris. Intermittent Fever. Jaborandi. Hysteria. Paraplegia. Acute Articular E,heumatism. Anatomy and Physiology of the Pneu- mogastric Nerve. New Jersey. Erythroxylon Coca. Pennsylvania. Typhoid Fever. Pennsylvania. Diphtheria. Pennsylvania. Physiology of the Blood. Pennsylvania. The Spinal Cord as an Independent Centre. North Carolina. Water. Georgia. Water. Pennsylvania. Acute Articular Rheumatism. Delaware. Origin, Distribution, and Functions of the Pneumogastric Nerve. New York. Deceptive and Destructive Errors of Modem Pharmacy. Pennsylvania. Malaria ; its nature and effects. "Pennsylvania. Precautions for the Practitioner. Pennsylvania. Hygiene. Indiana. Quinia. Pennsylvania. Cerebro-spinal Fever. New York. Aneurism. Virginia. Spermatorrhoea. Pennsylvania. Scarlatina. Pennsylvania. Therapeutic Stimulation. Pennsylvania. Inflammation. New Jersey. Transfusio Sanguinis. Connecticut. Puerperal Eclampsia. Minnesota. The Importance of Correct Diagnosis. Centr. America. Ansemia. Centr. America. Yellow Fever. Pennsylvania. Diphtheria. Arkansas. Malaria. New Jersey. The Blood in Health. Pennsylvania. Remittent Fever. Pennsylvania. Symptomatology. Pennsylvania. Fibroid Tumors of the Uterus. .Pennsylvania. The Fourth Ventricle and its Rela- tions to some of the Cranial Nerves. Pennsylvania. Apoplexy. Ohio. The Anatomy and Pathology of the Lymphatic System. Missouri. Stricture of the Urethra. Pennsylvania. Cardiac Neuralgia. Pennsylvania. Typhoid Fever. Pennsylvania. Cerebral Ansemia. Florida. Is Yellow Fever Indigenous to the United States or an Exotic. Pennsylvania. The Anatomy, Pathology, and Symp- tomatology of Stricture of the Ure- thra in the Male. STATE OR COUNTRY. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Kentucky. North Carolina. Illinois. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Indiana. Pennsylvania. West Virginia. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Hice, Edward C. Hickman, James W. Holman, James A. Holmes, Win. E. Hopkins, Abram C. Hopper, Harry C. Horn, Harry Y. Hough, Thomas A. Howard, Randolph N. Howell, Richard L. Hoy, William S. Hoyt, Theodore E. Hudders, John S. Ibach, Frederick G. Irwin, William B. Jacob, Harry Jamison, William A. Jayne, Calvin K. Jessop, Samuel A. S. Johnson, Samuel C. Johnston, John P. Kilborn, Harvey B. Kilburn, Frank King, George P. Kirkpatrick, M. Baldwin Kistler, James K. Kneedler, William L. Knox, Samuel D. Koous, Philip R. Kram, George W.. Larimer, William T. Pennsylvania. Lawrance, Edward Stuart Pennsylvania. Lee, Bernard R. Pennsylvania. Lichliter, David C. Virginia. MacCord, George Thornton Pennsylvania. MaoDonald, John Prince Edw. I. Martin, Aaron Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. New Brunswick. Pennsylvania. Illinois. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Ohio. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Middleton, William J. Mitchell, Edmund H. Montgomery, James E. Murray, Thomas J. Musgrove, Charles W. McAninch, David L. McCallister, Charles H. McClellan, R. Miller McClure, Frank E. McComb, Samuel F. McEwen, Charles M. McGehee, Daniel M. McGoguey, Samuel McMullen, John C. McNichol, Edgar Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Tennessee. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Indiana. Pennsylvania. Vermont. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Mississippi. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Massachusetts. SUBJECT OF THESIS. Cinchona and its Alkaloids. Embryology. Fractures. Gonorrhoea in the Male. Intermittent Fever. Somnambulism. Dysentery. Epilepsy. Acute Rheumatism. Actual Cautery. Yellow Fever. Epidemic Catarrh. Disease. Means of Lessening the Sufferings of Parturition. Influence of the Mind on the Body in Health and Disease. Apoplexy. Diphtheria. Dysmenorrhea. Erysipelas. Scarlatina. Anaesthetics. Cerebro-spinal Fever. Diphtheria. Gelsemium Semper-virens. Hygiene. Dysentery. Disease Germs. Care- of the Infant. Nasal Catarrh : Acute and Chronic. Iron and its Compounds. Temperature and Treatment of Ty- phoid Fever. Delirium Tremens. Ununited Fractures. Natural Phenomena of the Puerperal Condition. The Educated Nurse. Typhoid Fever. Conditions to be observed before and after Eating. Acute Articular Rheumatism. Intermittent Fever. Ac.ute Pleurisy. Malarial Cachexia. Medical Diagnosis. Outline of the Nervous System. Carbonic Acid. Head-last Labors. Typhoid Fever. Diagnosis. Sporadic Dysentery. Typhoid Fever. Circulation of the Blood. Inflammation. Typhoid Fever. STATE OE COUNTRY Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Maryland. Pennsylvania. NAME. Neiman, Howard Y. Nes, Henry Nicodemus, John D. Nonamaker, Noah. S. Orr, Samuel M. Otway, David B. Page, Dudley L. Paine, William A. Peairs, Elisha P. Pershing, Frank S. Pierce, George L. Pigman, Samuel C. Poffenberger, Albert T. Potsdamer, Joseph B. Pownall, Howard W. Price, Allen D. Price, Joseph H. Pricer, William E. Pringle, William W. Rambo, Samuel M. Reynolds, John M. C. Rhoads, George H. Righter, William H. Rinehart, Wiltard E. Rodman, William L. Rose, Archimedes Scates, Dan. W. Schaeffer, Uriah R. Schellinger, Clarence M. New Jersey. Scroggs, Gustavus A. Ohio. Seaman, Dean New York. Seibert, George W. Sheardown, T. Winton Shirk, John K. Shriner, Charles H. Smith, Charles S. Smith, Harris K. Spragg, Sylvanus L. S. Sprowls, Isaac Newton Stapp, James T. Stewart, David D. Stewart, Francis Edward Strohecker, James T. Tharp, William S. Throop, George S. Tice, Frederic L. C. Tom 1 in son, Thomas C. Torbert, Euos G. Torrence, D. Rogers Vega, Francisco SUBJECT OF THESIS. Typhoid Fever. Diseases of the Rectum. Preventive Medicine. Typhoid Fever. Sonth Carolina. Scarlatina. West Indies. Pneumonia. Massachusetts. Heredity. Pennsylvania. Intermittent Fever. Pennsylvania. Diphtheria. Pennsylvania. Typhoid Fever. California. Theory and Practice i/f Medicine. Pennsylvania. Fractures. Pennsylvania. Sewerage, Drainage, and Ventilation. Pennsylvania. The Diagnosis of Valvular Diseases of the Heart. Pennsylvania. Acute Articular Rheumatism. Pennsylvania. Carcinoma Uteri. Pennsylvania. Scarlet Fever. Ohio. Cucurbita Pepo as an Anthelmintic. Ohio. Phthisis Pulmonalis. Pennsylvania. Management of the Sick Room. Pennsylvania. Hygienic Care and Moral Training of Infants and Children. Pennsylvania. Physiology of the Sympathetic. Delaware. Calcium Chloride. Oregon. Diphtheria. Kentucky. Lobar Pneumonia. U. S. Army. Head-last Labors. Tennessee. What Chemistry has done for the World. Pennsylvania. Influence of Imagination upon the Body in Health and Disease. Disinfection. Gastritis. The Anatomy and Distribution of the Fifth Pair of Nerves. Pennsylvania. Malarial Fever. Minnesota. Chancre. Pennsylvania. The Etiology of Uterine Affections. Pennsylvania. Treatment of Rheumatism in Malarial Districts. Ohio. Rudimentary Strictures. Pennsylvania. Typhoid Fever versus Typhus. Pennsylvania. Alcohol. Pennsylvania. Mental Therapeutics. Alabama. Yellow Fever. Pennsylvania. Influence of Parents in producing Syphilitic Offspring. New York. A New Method of Rectal Medication. Pennsylvania. Therapeutics of Children. Missouri. Intermittent Fever. Pennsylvania. Nervous Shock. Maryland. Baths. Delaware. Water. Pennsylvania. Physiology of Eclampsia. Pennsylvania. Sunstroke. Centr. America. Cerebro-spinal Fever. NAME. Wallace, Ellerslie, Jr. Wallen, Seely Ward, George Mason Waters, John Way, Eugene Weiser, George B., Jr, Weiss, Louis Whitaker, .lames S. Whitney, Edward M. Wiley, S. Nelson Wilson, II. Augustus Winslow, Byron Witting, Anthony P. Woodruff, George Worsley, Edward A. Wright, J. Edward STATE OK COUNTRY. Pennsylvania. New Jersey. Pennsylvania. Arkansas. New Jersey. Pennsylvania. Colorado. Maryland. Massachusetts. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Kentucky. New Hampshire. Virginia. Pennsylvania. SUBJECT OF THESIS. Milk. Staphyloraphy. Saponification and its results. A Healthy Child. The Hygienic Treatment of Disease. Thermometry. Dialysed Iron with special reference to its use in Arsenical Poisoning. Diphtheria. Eucalyptus Globulus. Prolapsus Uteri. The Mechanism of Muscular Action causing Transverse Fracture of the Patella. Physiology of Vision. A Clinical Case. Croup. The Thermometer. Lead ; its Chemistry and Therapeu- tics. Yard, John L. Zeiner, Levi S. Pennsylvania. Leucocythsemia Pennsylvania Position and Mobility of the Uniin- pregnated Uterus. Of the above there were from — 109 Pennsylvania Ohio 7 New Jersey C> New York fi Indiana 5 Delaware 4 Maryland 4 Virginia 4 North Carolina.. 4 West Virginia 4 Massachusetts 3 California 3 Kentucky 3 Illinois 3 Central America.. 3 Oregon 2 Missouri 2 Arkansas 2 New Hampshire... 2 Tennessee 2 Minnesota 2 Texas 2 Vermont 1 Mississippi 1 South Carolina 1 Alabama 1 Colorado 1 Georgia Maine Connecticut Florida U. S. Army Prince Edward I. Canada West Indies New Brunswick.. Total 196 The following prizes were awarded : — 1. A prize of $100, by Henry C. Lea, Esq., for the best Thesis, to Henry C. Boenning, of Pennsylvania, with honourable mention of the Theses of Frank E. Stewart, of New York, William L. Kneedler, of Pennsylvania, Carlos M. Brown, of California, Monroe Bond, of New Hampshire, and William S. Hoy, of West Virginia. 2. A prize of $50, for the best Essay on a subject pertaining to Surgery, to Bernard R. Lee, of Pennsylvania, with honourable mention of the Theses of Norman II. Chapman, of Illinois, and Henry Nes, of Pennsj'lvania. 3. A prize of $50, for the best Anatomical Preparation, to William L. Kneedler, of Pennsylvania 4. A prize of $50, for the best Essay on a subject pertaining to Obstetrics, etc., to David C. Lichliter, of Virginia, with honourable mention of the Thesis of Howard F. Hansell, of Pennsylvania. 5. A prize of $50, for the best Essay on a Subject pertaining to Materia Medica and Therapeutics, to Louis Weiss, of Colorado, with honourable mention of the Thesis of Albert T. Poffenberger, of Pennsylvania. 6. A prize of $50, for the best Essay on a subject pertaining to Physiology, to William C. Canall, of Delaware. 7. A prize of $50, for the best Essay on a subject pertaining to the Theory and Practice of Medicine, to John L. Yard, of Pennsylvania, with honourable mention of the Thesis of William L. Rodman, of Kentucky. 8 A prize of $50, for the best Essay on a subject pertaining to Chemistry, to George W. Krain, of Pennsylvania, with honourable mention of the Thesis of James R. Duggan, of Georgia. 9 A prize of a Gold Medal, by the Demonstrator of Surgery, for excellence in Band- aging, to Lawrence F. Flick, of Pennsylvania, with honourable mention of G. A. Scroggs, of Ohio. 10 A prize of a Gold Medal, by R. J. Levis, M.D., for the best Report of his Surgical Clinic, at the Pennsylvania Hospital, to Charles M. Gandy, of New Jersey, with honoura- ble mention of Norman H. Chapman, of Illinois, Addinell Hewson, Jr., Bernard R. Lee, and William H. Righter, of Pennsylvania.