'.^s<' m ^^ /fi "-^^0^ o V .-^^ 0" '^^^ %?^o- V .^^"-^. ■ •n^.o^ ,K- u .^* .-^Va'. \/ /^••. \/ .•: THE VALDRIS BOOK THE AUTHOR THE Valdris Book A MANUAL OF THE VALDRIS SAMBAND BY ANDREW A. VEBLEN MINNEAPOUS PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR 19 2 .5) y. -7^-;^ COPYRIGHT 1920 BY ANDREW A. VEBLEN 'CI.A571347 FOLKeSLAOET PUBLISHING COMPANY'S PRINT JUN2M920 PREFACE The Valclris Book is written because some sort of Manual of the Valdris Samband appeared to be required at this time. The undersigned became its author for the reason that there seemed to be no one else available for the undertaking; and he became solely responsible for its contents and its general character, for the further reason that he had no opportunity to secure collaboration in its production. Those Americans who are in any degree of Valdris strain or descent, doubtless outnumber their kinsmen in the old home valley two or three times over. A considerable number would of course have enjoyed to have the book offered to them in the language of the fathers ; but to make the contents acces- sible to all of them, as well as to the general public, with whom Valdrises will wish to share whatever of special infor- mation the volume may contain, it has been written in the language which forms our national medium of expression. The first chapter, on Valdris, is designed to serve the purpose of introducing the young American Valdris to the ancestral habitat of the fathers, and it is hoped that it may help to stimulate deserved interest in the fair valley that produced our sturdy pioneer forbears. The bygdelag movement, which has grown out of the kinship feeling between those that have come from a com- mon neighborhood, began among the Valdrises twenty-one years ago. They gave this sentiment concrete expression in their stevne-reunions and in the building up of their "Sam- band", which stood as a unique, fully evolved type for the "lags" that the other kinship groups formed, when, some years after, they began to emulate the example set by the Valdrises. This peculiar position of the Valdris Samband among its younger sister bygdelags, so interweaves its history with that of the whole movement, that it can not well be isolated for treatment. Hence the outline sketch embodied in the second chapter, which it is hoped will, moreover, be found useful for its own sake inasmuch as a fuller history of the bygdelag movement is not yet available. The lists of members and of war service people, with the information which they contain, are commended to all con- cerned for careful scrutiny. They have been compiled with painstaking care, but doubtless they are marred by errors, which in the nature of the case have likely crept in. ' If cor- rections are sent to the author, he will endeavor to supply the proper rectifications for the records of the Samband, from which the compilations have been made. An overlooked omission in copying the manuscript is re- sponsible for the misleading reference to Harold's realm at the top of page 26. The author wishes to tender his thanks to all who have aided in securing the information concerning those who served in the war. to his colleagues of the Styre for their encourage- ment and active aid in bringing about the publication of the Valdris Book, and particularly to Mr. Iver Hain, to whose ever unfailing efforts, in these for bookmakers troublous times, is in large measure due the successful issue of the undertaking. Andrew A. V e b 1 e n. East San Diego, California June, 1920. CONTENTS Chapter I. VALDRIS. A SKETCH OF THE ANCES- TRAL HOME OF THE VALDRISES. Norway, 9. Valdris, the Name. 11. Situation and Sub- divisions, 13. Physical Characteristics, 15. Roads, 22. Dairying, 24. Tradition and History, 25. The Princess Gyda. 25. Historical Personages, 27. Schools, 29. Folk- lore, 31. Church Architecture, Stav-Churches, 35. Chapter II. THE BYGDELAG MOVEMENT. Some Definitions, 44. Conditions that Led up to the Movement, 45. Chronology. 48. History of the Move- ment, the V'aldrises, 51. Newspaper Agitation, 54. The Fargo Coterie, 56. "Formation of Bygoelags, 61. Claims of Originating the Movement, 68. Co-operation, 17th of May Celebration, 70. Council of Bygdelags, 81. Consti- tution of the Council, 83. Bygdelag Publications, 84. The Bygdelags and the War. 87. List of the Lags and Of- ficers, 88. Chapter III. THE VALDRIS SAMBAND. Chronicles of the Samband, 91. First Reunions of \'al- drises, 97. Organization of Valdris Samband, 102. The Constitution, 105. Personl Records of Members, 107. \'aldrisgjesteb0, 111. \'aldris Helsing, 116. Local Sam- lags. 119. Expansion of the Stevne, 122. History Com- mittee, 124. Parish Tags, 126. Samband Magazine, 127. The 1914 Celebration, Valdrisgave, 132. The Samband and the War, 134. Chapter IV. THE* MEMBERS OF THE VALDRIS SAMBAND. Introductory Explanation, 136. The Membership List, 139. CirAPTER V. VALDRISES WHO ENTERED THE COUNTRY'S SERVICE IN THE WORLD WAR. Introductory Statement, 218. The Service List, 221. Ckapikr \T. SOME DOCUMENTS. SELECTIONS writti:n by valdrises in America. The Constitution of the Valdris Samband, 280. Lajord's Letter of Febr. 2, 1899, 282. The "Otter Tail" Letter, 2S3. l^ajord's Song at First Stevne, 285. Lajord's Song of 1900, 286. Letter from President G. Hoyme, 289, \'aldrisn, O. K. Fuglei, 290. Valdris, T. K. Rogne, 292. Bufardagen, R. N. Qualley, 293. Fit Minde fraa Slidre, E. A. Hjelle, 293. LI?elvtumsingen, Prof. John Dahle, 296. I Valdris, O. L. Kirkeberg, 297. Vang, b. I. Flaten, 298. Langbein Rese, O. I. Flaten. 298. Diktarsjuka, O. K. Fuglei, 299. Tenistgutn, Jobs. Belsheim, 301. Han Ellend Sjel, 302. A MAP OF NORWAY AND OF VALDRIS Folding to Inside of Back Cover. Chapter I. VALDRIS A SKETCH OF THE ANCESTRAL HOME OF THE VALORISES. NORWAY. The Scandinavian Peninsula, lying between the Baltic and the Gulf of Finland on the east and the North Sea and Atlan- tic and Arctic Oceans on the west and north, is occupied by the two kingdoms Norway and Sweden. The area of the former is to that of the latter in the ratio of 11 to 14, and Norway embraces very nearly 125,600 square miles. The dis- tance in a straight line from the Naze, Lindesnes, at the ex- treme south to Vardoe at the farthest northeast, near Russia, is 1120 miles. If a line be drawn so as to touch the headlands of the coast, from the Swedish border in the south to the Rus- sian boundary on the Arctic, it will be 1710 miles long. But the total length of shore line, traced into all the bays and numer- ous deep inlets, measures about 10,500 miles. The northearn part of the country, for nearly two-thirds of its entire length, from the Russian border to the Trondhjem fjord, is a strip of varying breadth from the coast to the watershed, averaging perhaps 65 miles. Southern Norway, containing the greater part of the population and being other- wise the portion of chief general importance, may be described as a fairly regular oval, some 400 miles long from north to south and about 260 miles maximum width from the cost to Sweden. A fairly well marked ridge forms a watershed along the boundary between Sweden and Northern Norway ; but though Southern Norway is very largely a mountainous region it can hardly be said to have any clearly marked chains of mountains. 10 THE VALDRIS BOOK The interior is rather an elevated table-land but quite broken with gorges and valleys and rising into many peaks and a number of icefields of considerable elevation inland. The wildest and most elevated portion of the mountainous interior, occupying approximately the center of the oval, is often called Jotunheimen, meaning the Home of the Jotuns, or fabled giants of the ancient Norse mythology. The population of Norway, which is not far from two and a half millions, is distributed upon the limited areas of low- lying coast lands in the south, along the shores of the peculiar long inlets, and among the narrow and frequently canyon- like valleys of the watercourses throughout the interior. In the political subdivision of Norway the Amt is the chief administrative district and the highest officer is called Amt- mand. There are twenty amts. Below the amt is the Fogderi or district presided over by the foged. It is in a way the nearest equivalent of the American county, as a political divi- sion, and there are 50 or 60 fogderier. The Herred is a town- ship-like subdivision of the Fogderi, and there are some 500 of these rural communes. The cities and towns have a some- what different system of subdivision and administration. Norway has a state church, and the ecclesiastical subdivi- sions are, in order, the Stiff or diocese, the Provsti or deanery, the Prestegjeid or parish, and the Sogn or congregation. The bounds of a congregation are generally dependent on the ease or difficulty of communication as determined by natural bar- riers of the settlements, or bygds. each with its church in its midst. Two to four congregations are grouped in a parish with its pastor, who may have an assistant or Kapellan, as may be determined by the size and importance of his charge. The congregation within which the pastor resides is styled Hovedsogn, head congregation, and its church is Hovedkirke. The other congregations of tlie parish are called Annexes and their churches are annex churches. The same natural features that have served to set off the parishes as divisions of definite extent, have likewise operated VALDRIS 11 to fix the boundaries of the administrative districts, so that the township or herred is ahnost always coextensive with the parish. In the cities and larger towns administrative and ecclesiastic organization is more a matter of artificially con- venient considerations. The system of organization for administration and for local government described above, is not in absolute harmony with the latest enacted organization and nomenclature in every detail. But it is substantially that which Americans of Nor- wegian extraction are or have been accustomed to use, and should at least be sufficiently correct for such a brief sum- mary as that here atempted. VALDRIS. The Name. — From the time of the earliest documentary records the name of the county Valdris, has naturably been subject to some variation of form and probably of pronuncia- tion, and usage is not even at this day strictly uniform in tliese regards. The official spelling now seems to be Valdres, th.ough until toward the close of the nineteenth century it was \'alders. which seems to have been the form used in official documents and records for a century or more previously. In this form the d was silent and the pronunciation was Vallers. Most likely this form, Valders. was due to the tendency of assimilating Norwegian names to the Danish speech, which was softer in pronunciation than the vernacular in Norway. By the \^aldrises, and most others, the form Valdres is pro- nounced A'aldris, a like that in father but shorter in quantity, and is as this combination is pronounced in History. A re- sident or native of Valdres, or Valdris, is called a Valdris. In order to conform to the pronunciation many have in the past spelled the name of the district with i rather than e, and some do so still. To the author of this sketch it has seemed best to use in it the form \"aldris, as giving in English a nearer approximation to the pronunciation than the official spelling. This matter of nomenclature has been the subject of no 12 THE VALDRIS BOOK VA.LDRIS 13 little controversy. In a recent issue of the newspaper '"Valdres" it was stated that the question had by some one been submit- ted to three of the University professors at Kristiania, who had given it as their opinion that Valdres is the "most ancient old-Norse and the best" written, form. The late O. A. Alf- stad, doubtless the best informed authority of his day on N^aldris history and antiquities, is quoted as follows (Valdris Helsing March, 1909) : "Valdris, Valdres, Valders. Which of these names is most correct? I believe the first decidedly; for according to documents that 1 have at hand, from 1235, 1368, 1412, 1535, 1574, 1595, 1604, 1649, etc., the name of the fylke is constantly written Valdris. One Michael von Schoening about 1688 wrote Valders. A judge from lele- mark, about 1660, wrote Valdriss. The first who advocated the writing Valdres was High School Master Bergsgaard. "Ris" may mean "rise", a large being which lived in the mountains and valleys. "Res" is used of a tall, thin lout or of a horse too high for its stoutness." In documents (quoted by Islandsmoen: S. Aurd. & Etned.) from 1514, 1650, 1665, 1670. occur the forms, Waldr0ss, Valdrjz(ss, Waldres, Walderiis, Walders, Wallders, Vallars, Wall^rss. It may be pertinent to remark, that W in Norwegian has the same phonetic value as V, and is in the Norwegian al- phabet a redundant letter, serving only to preserve the written form of names and words borrowed from languages in which w is in fact a distinct letter. In written Norwegian documents the use of either letter seems to have been contingent on the taste and fancy of the penman. Situation and Divisions. — The fogderi, bailiwic, or county of \'aldris is identical in extent with the provsti or deanery of the same name. Its area is 2100 square miles, which is not quite 3 per cent, of southern Norway, or that part lying south of the Trondhjem fjord. Or it is nearly 1.7 per cent, of the whole surface of Norway. It is an oblong basin occupying the geographic center of southern Norway, and beginning in 14 THE VALDRIS BOOK the southern confines of Jotunheimen it slopes southeastward some eighty miles in length and has a width of slightly more than thirty miles. Approximately it lies between 8° and 10° east longitude, and 60° 30' and 61° 30' north latitude. It lies about as far north as Mt. St. Elias, or the center of Hudson's Bay, the north extremity of Labrador, or the south end of Greenland. Valdris is bounded on the north and east by Gudbrandsdal and Land, southeast by Aadal, southwest by Hallingdal, and on the west by Sogn. Secularly it is subdivided into six herreder (townsliips), or ecclesiastically, the provsti, is divided into six parishes, which agree in extent and in name with the township divisions. The parishes with their respective congregations are tabulated be- low. The data are taken from the census of 1900. but are not far in error for the present time, and are not misleading as to distribution of the people in the subdivisions or even as rejrards actual values. PARISH AND AREA IN rOPUI.ATION NUMBER CONGREGATION SQ MILES CENSUS 1900 so Mil VANG 620 2083 3.37 0ie 249 375 1.53 Vang (h) 341 1172 3.41 Hurum 30 536 17.86 WEST SLIDRE 180 2679 14.88 Lomen 66 801 12.14 Slidre (h) 59 907 15.37 R0n • 55 971 17.66 EAST SLIDRE 336 2228 6.63 Hegge (h) 200 1139 5.70 Volbu 59 241 4.08 Rogne 86 848 9.86 NORTH AURDAL 355 4476 12.61 Skrautvaal 104 938 9.02 Ulnes 52 782 15.04 (h) Head Congregation. VALDRIS Svenes 72 962 13.36 Aurdal (h) 127 1794 14.13 ETNEDALEN 170 1739 10.23 North Etnedal 45 382 8.48 Bruflat (h) 125 1357 10.86 SOUTH AURDAL 436 3811 8.74 Bagn (h) 143 1690 11.82 Reinli 31 619 19.97 Begndalen 103 648 6.29 Hedalen 159 854 5.31 15 ALL VALDRIS 2097 17016 8.11 NOTE. The population of the parishes by the 1920 census ap- pears to be: Vang 1778, W. Slidre 25.51, E. Slidre 2413, N. Aurdal 4562, Etnedalea 1885, S. Aurdal a02. Total 17,291. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS. The dominant physical feature of \ aldris is the Begna River. (Pronounced Bi-na, i long.) It rises in the small lake Utrovand at an elevation of 3280 feet and empties into Spir- ilen Lake which lies 535 feet above sea-level. It therefore has a fall of 2745 feet in its course of scarcely 100 miles. In portions of its course it expands into long, narrow lakes, the largest of which are \^angsmj0sen 13 miles long, Slidre Fjord 10 miles long, and Strande Fjord some ten miles long. The Aurdal waters, narrower than these, give it another six or eight miles of level bed, leaving less than sixty miles in which its total descent takes place. There are mighty falls, such as the Lo-Foss, Fasle-Foss, and the Great-Foss above Bagn at the line between North and South Aurdal. It drains eighty per cent, of Valdris, and its many tributaries are fed by the plentiful rains and by masses of snow and ice in the upper part of its basin. It is therefore a stream of considerable volume and rapid and boisterous in its great descent. By the inhabitants it is generally called the great river (Stor-Aa), or simply The River. In parts of its course the Begna is bordered by fertile bot- 16 THE VALDRIS BOOK toms with beautifully situated settlements, as on the shores of the lakes, but portions of the valley, and particularly in the lower part, are narrowed into a gorge or canyon with steep banks rising to heights of a thousand or even two thousand feet, and for the most part clad in magnificent timber of pine and fir. So precipitous is the rise of the banks in many places that the roadway has had to be blasted out of the steep granite wall, and the road may again lead out into cove-like expanses of bottom on which are nestled tiny "farms" or even small clusters of homesteads, to enter again long and cumbersome windings on the narrow, shelving slope that lies Vik. A Farm South of Slidrefjord under the cliffs and borders the rapids of the riotous river. And great feats of engineering skill and persistence of con- structive effort have been required to produce the fine roads that make travel in this giant fairyland a joy and pleasure. The upper part, including the Vangsmj^s, is above the line of real timber. There the peaks and fjell, partly gray and bare and partly flecked with thickets and other vegetation, either tower m threatening precipices or recede in solemn grandeur from the mirror of the lake or from the cataract or torrent of the restless stream. And in all the Begna valley there is the perpetual orchestra of leaping or pouring cascades with VALDRIS 17 their gentle notes mingling with the deeper roar of the mightier cataracts and thundering falls. But the sights and sounds are not merely those of power and might; for even in winter the contrast of the soft whiteness of the snow with the bright and healthy green of the timber charms the eye, and the gleam of the ice on lake and stream affords a certain cheerful liveliness. But in the summer of these latitudes, with its sunshine of all day and most of the night, the verdure has a veritable carnival time with purest green everywhere, except where the gray of the rock looks out in restful ease, or ex- panses and tracery of all the brightest hues of myriads of Vangsmj0s. Looking up, lower end flowers and blossoms form masses of delicate color, that rival the effects of even tropical vegetation. The upper end of the Begna valley forms the most aoa^ cessible gateway to Jotunheimen and has always been one of the principal passes for travel and traffic, over the interior mountain region of Norway, between the east and west country. The main road throvigh the length of Valdris fol- lows the bottom of the Begna, crossing the stream several times, avoiding the sheer rise of cliff, to take advantage of bottom or slope opposite that may afford room for the road- way. 18 THE VALDRIS BOOK I'he principal, or topographically most important, tributary of the Begna enters it on its left near the middle of its course. This watercourse begins with the Raudj^la and other streams coming out of Jotunheimen on the north uplands of Valdris, and flows southeasterly, parallel to the main river for 30 miles, through the lakes 0iangen, Volbu, and smaller waters, and joins the Begna at Fagernes. Up through this basin runs a main highway which forms one of the easiest approaches to Jotunheimen. The parish of East Slidre occupies most of this basin. In the main Begna valley is first and uppermost Vang Fall near Volbufjord parish. Next is West Slidre, then North Aurdal, and lowest South Aurdal with the congregations of Bagn and Begndalen ^long the river, while Reinli congregation occupies a tributary valley several hundred feet above and to the right of the Begna bottom, and the congregation Hedalen in the extreme south of Valdris, but outside the Begna basin proper, lies in the upper part of the basin of the Urula, which empties into Spirilen near the mouth of the Begna. The whole of Etnedalen parish lies outside the drainage basin of the Begna. It embraces the upper portion of the Etne River basin. This stream, like the Begna, flows southeast* VALDRIS ly ward, but empties into the Rands-Fjord, the waters of which are joined by those of Spirilen in the Randselv, and by the Tyrifjord and Drammen River reach the Kristiania Fjord at Drammen. Valdris has become easily accessible by the construction of the Valdris Railway, which coming around the north end of the Randsfjord, through Land, enters the valley at Aurdal and follows the course of the River to the terminal station Fagernes. But the visitor to Valdris who arrives by rail and then either proceeds up the main, or "west" Valley, or up the "East Valley", to make the round trip into Jotunheimen and return down the other valley, or who perhaps goes on over Filef jell to the west country, gets but a partial and inadequate impression of this celebrated inland region; for he misses the whole lower half of it. By traversing its whole length be- tween Spirilen and the wilds where Sogn meets Gudbrands- dalen, with excursions into the many spots of beauty or gran- deur on either side, the traveler has the opportunity of seeing some of the best that is to be found of practically all elements of scenic attractions that Norway offers the sightseer any- where, and he will understand why the native of Valdris thinks his Valley the most beautiful region of all the old fatherland. The traveler who wishes to see Valdris as a whole, but especially the American Valdris who has not seen the home of his ancestors,, and should wish to gain a comprehensive impression of Valdris as a whole, should enter the valley from Spirilen, and proceed up along the Begndal, leisurely taking in the scenes of this lower fairyland portion. After passing the church at Tollefsrud he should cross the right hand rim of the valley and descend into quaint, old Hedalen, on the south, with its ancient church and many examples of old domestic architecture. Again entering the Begndal, -which might well be named "the Grand Canyon of the Begna," he will enjoy a ride that for scenic beauty is unsurpassed in all Norway. When he reaches the Great-Foss he enters a part 20 THE VALDRIS BOOK VALDRIS 21 of the valley quite different in character, much wider and open. He must there climb the steep winding road of a few miles into Reinli. The best preserved of the ancient churches is well worth the little excursion, but the ruggedly placed little community will not fail to interest him for its own sake. Having tarried about Bagn, the great fall and other points in this region that marks the passing of the canyon below into a more open valley above, the traveler will do well to follow the sinuous road that climbs to Breidablik, and on to Tonsaa- sen upon the pass where the road and the railway, from the east, enter the Valdris valley. Now is the time for the trip he must make up the Etnedal, past Bruflat to the upper settle- ment of this parish. Returning, the visitor may proceed to Aurdal, the chief settlement in wealth and population, which fias been generally considered as the capital of Valdris, for the reason that it is not only geographically central to the county, but the chief administrative and church officials, pro- fessional men, and other important individuals have for the most part resided in this settlement. The next point of spe- cial interest is Fagernes, the terminus of the railway, at the junction of the East Slidre valley with the Begna. The traveler is here at the parting of the two main high- ways that lead up and into the mountain wilderness. Suppose that he decides to follow the main stream along the Strande- fjord and the Slidrefjord, he passes the bygds and their churches, which are all built on the left or north and north- east bottoms or slopes, while the settlements are distributed on either side of lake or river. When he leaves West Slidre and enters Vang parish, he passes through the last of the fine needle forests on his way, that must have impressed him as both a marked feature in the scenery and a source of wealth to the district. On the north slopes above this last pine forest, lies the lowermost congregation of Vang parish, Hurum, a couple of miles off the main road, where stands Kvidhin of thousand year old tradition in Valdris. In Slidre the peaks and uplands were seen to rise above the timbered slopes, while 22 THE VALDRIS BOOK in Huruni the forest fills the bottom of the valley. Alto- gether different is the appearance of the landscape after the traveler reaches the lower end, called "the Neck", of Mjjzisen, He is now in fact in a region of naked peaks and crags of great boldness and height, with the settlements stowed into the gi- gantic coves between their bases, with the lake Mjj2$sen filling the bottom of an immense cleft in the roughly torn mountain mass. Along the right bank of the lake the road runs past "beautiful Vang" and 0ie bygd, past the last farm of Valdris, where the Begna comes down from its sources at the water- shed that separates Valdris from Sogn, and along which the road proceeds to begin its descent down to sea-level again at Lasrdals0ren on a branch of the Sognefjord. But to complete his general circuit of Valdris the traveler will take the road that branches off to the north through th# upland waste, and before he is aware of it he looks out upon Lake Tyin, which lies in the very summit of the desolate and seemingly limitless region of bleak and dark pinnacles and ridges, with glaciers and gleaming fields of snow, and rills and cascades and moss-covered reaches and slopes, which has aptly been named Jotunheimen. He may tarry in comfort here; for on Tyin are inns prepared to minister to his reason- able wants, and he may ascend to lookouts on the near and distant heights to his heart's content. On Tyin he may go by launch or boat, may land, and again by launch proceed upon the lake Bygdin, and find similar hotel conveniences for as long a stay as he may wish to make. Then, down the high- way he passes through the upland part and the bygds of East wSlidre parish, and reaches Fagernes. And if he is sated with what Valdris has offered him he may, in a few hours by the railway, find himself in the totally different environment of the capital. Roads. — In a region of such rugged character as Valdris the matter of roads is necessarily a formidable problem, which for through travel and for intercommunication between the settlements of the county, has been solved by the construction VALDRIS 23 of magnificent highways, upon which modern conveyances make travel a pure delight. Roads of secondary importance and less elaborate construction connect and penetrate outlying settlements, and to upland and mountain dairies, sometimes even a dozen miles out. Some are quite primitive, sometimes rude cartways, but oftener bridlepaths for horseback trans- portation. Time was, as late as the recollection of our parents and grandparents, when the roads in the interior of Norway were in a most wretched state, and what passed for roads were little else than unimproved trails upon which the traffic took Coming from Home-St0l place on the winter's snow, as the hauling of products of the farms and dairies to town and bringing home the purchases of store goods; and these trips to Kristiania, Drammen, etc. required a couple of weeks or longer. And of course the so- called roads earlier than this, except in the settlements, con- sisted of trail routes that took advantage of the least difficult passages through the wild and rugged country. But commu- nication across the mountains, between the east and west country, as in the travel of government officials in pursuit of their duties, and the carrying of messages or the mails, was a not infrequent necessity. The Valdris valley formed perhaps 24 THE VALDRIS BOOK the readiest of the routes of this travel, and it is known that kings and princes, bishops, and other persons of note and authority passed up and down the course of the Begna and over Filefjell. Dairying. — The sparseness of population, being but a little over eight to the square mile, is a fair index of the very limited portion of arable land in the district. The farms, or tillable parts, are small, and the amount of grain raised scarcely suf- fices for the needs of the population. Dairying and raising of stock forms an important industry. 'Hay is cut for the most part on land which is unsuited for plowing. And the immense areas of upland and mountain side, otherwise quite barren, furnish a scant growth of grass and moss that, how- ever, is good and fattening feed for the stock, which is driven into the mountains in the spring. It is there tended by the women and youths, who spend most of the summer in the dairy establishments called saeters or st^ls. Of these there are first, the Home-saeters generally but a very few miles from the farm and where the early season of grazing is spent. Later the herd is transferred to the lang-st0l or distant saeter, some- times a dozen miles out from the bygd. The conditions of living upon these mountain uplands used 1o be primitive in the extreme, but through the bettering of the roads and of the methods and appliances in use, life upon the saeters has in late years been rendered pleasanter than in the long ago. Not a little of self-reliance and self-confidence, together with a spirit of romance and adventure, was spun into the fibre of the character fabric of our grandmothers and grandfathers who were privileged to share the gypsy-like and free though laborious life on the mountain wilds. The wife and mother as a rule conducted the saeter opera- tions, assisted by hired help or by such of her boys and girls as were not yet old enough to do efficient work on the farm, and the smaller children quits generally formed part of the saeter family. The husband and often some of the men help on the farm would make a trip to the saeter on Saturday night, VALDRIS 25 bringing en packhorses such provisions as might be needed on the mountains, and would spend Sunday with the women and children, to return to the farm Sunday night or Monday morning, the pack-animals laden with the butter, cheese, and other milk products that had accumulated. It may readily be understood how the Sunday was anticipated and enjoyed both by the dairy keepers and the visitors. And the visiting was not confined to the heads of families. Many a young maid in such an establishment counted the days of the week until her favorite swain might come for the over-Sunday visit. Perhaps the most notable day of the year of farm life was the "Bufardag" or day of home-faring of the saeter contin- gent. The whole herd of old and young animals, the heavily laden packhorses, the grown" folk and the youngsters, all to- gether formed a lively caravan moving in a mood of glad home-coming down upon the quiet bygd. It partook largely of the character of a festival for the whole reunited home establishment. A great contrast to the busy summer with its saeter experi- ence for the women and the young, was the winter with its long evenings especially. It was the time for visiting far and near, and it was the time of busily plying home industries of all kinds. But around the generous hearths went on merrily the telling of the old tales of tradition and romance and ad- venture and of family history. There was feasting at the midwinter holiday time. There were sports on the frozen lakes and the hillsides. There were games and dances for the young and active. The winter was far from being a time of gloom and cheerlessness. TRADITION AND HISTORY. The earliest historical tradition of Valdris is connected with the career of Harold Fairhaired. Early in his campaigns against his neighbor chieftains, while Norway was still a col- lection of numerous independent, petty realms, each with its chief, generally styled king, and while Harold still was merely 26 THE VALDRIS BOOK a prominent local chieftain among the others, and was ruling over Ringerike, he heard of a famous beauty, Gyda, the young daughter of King Erik of Hordaland, whom her father had sent to a mighty bonde (farmer) of Valdris, there to be brought up and taught the accomplishments required in her station in life. To Gyda Harold sent his knights asking for her hand. But the haughty maiden gave them a curt refusal, saying she would not think of marrying a man who is king of simply a few shires. "It seems queer to -me", she said, "that there is not the king who will secure to himself power over all Norway, to rule it." When the messengers departed she bade them tell Harold what she had said, and added that only upon condition that he for her sake would conquer all Norway to rule over it, would she consent to become his wife. When the knights reported her answer, and suggested that for her impertinence he send his men to take her by might, he answered that her words gave him ideas that he now won- dered he had never thought of before, and added : "I make tlie promise, and call to witness it the God who made me and rules in all things, that never shall my hair be cut or combed, until I have established my rule over all Norway., or failing in this I die." Some ten or twelve years after, in 872, Harold had conquered or slain or made subjects of all the petty local kings and made himself ruler over all of Norway. W^ith great ceremony he had his hair cut and sombed; and remem- bering the haughty princess, he sent his messengers to Valdris to remind her of her promise^ She became his wife and bore him the sons Aalov, Rjzirek, Sigtryg, Frode, and Thorgils. How much of truth forms the basis of this tradition is not known, but the Valdrises cherish the idea that it was there the first word is said to have been spoken which led to the con- solidation of the petty, quarreling kingdoms into a single, united state. They have erected to her memory a granite obelisk in the shape of a "bauta" after the ancient practice of the Scandinavian North. It stands near Hurum church, at VALDRIS 27 Kvien, the ancient Kvidhin (dh=th in the), which is said to have been Gyda's foster honie. As Valdris was from the earliest times the main route of travel across southern Norway, many of the kings, possibly all x)f them, passed through the valley. Several of them tar- ried there for periods of sufficient length to settle disputes and render judgment in important cases. There are parchment? bearing the seals and signatures of the royalties, recording Monument to Gyda. At Kvien these acts, preserved by antiquarians. It is known that prin- ces of Harold's line married and settled in Valdris and left there strains of their descent. But owing to the long lapse of time and the paucity of records little definite information is available. Owing to its interior position of partial isolation, Valdris came into less frequent contact with the prominent actors and important events of early Norwegian history than regions nearer the coast. But some men of prominence there are 28 THE VALDRIS BOOK VALDRIS 29 mentioned in the chronicles of the country. Reyna-Bjjzirn, one of the pioneer settlers of Iceland was from Valdris (per- haps from R^yne). Gissur from Valdris was an officer with Haakon Jarl and was in 986 killed near his chief. He is said to have been more showily dressed than his chief and it is inferred that he was mistaken for the latter and was pierced by the arrow meant for the jarl. Erling of Kvidhin (Kvien) was a mighty and wealthy man and was uncle of King Inge who ruled 1136 — 57, and became the ancestor of noted per- sons in Norway's history. Sigvat of Leirhol, on the north shore of Vangsmjjzisen, was knight and chancellor 1310 — 30. His son Thorberg is mentioned at 1346 as "sysselman" for the northern part of Valdris. In the factional civil wars of the Birchlegs and Baglers, the leaders and their followers visited Valdris in their wanderings and pursuits. References to many more events in the saga period and to personages who lived in Valdris or passed through in their wanderings and journeys, show that the passes and valleys of this region formed in fact, as nature meant them to be, the regularly traversed route across the interior of the country. The documentary period of Valdris chronicles, in the modern sense, may be said to have been initiated by the be- ginning of the 17th century. It seems to have been about this time that systematic keeping of parish and court records be- gan. Along about 1665 the registry of title and ownership of the farms was instituted, and the processes of law admini- stration were made matter of orderly record. Valdris promptly participated in the general improvement in all lines of activity and progress that succeeded the sepera- tion of Norway from Denmark in 1814, and has since been no laggard, behind other parts of the country, in all the various improvements in the moral, intellectual, and physical relations of the community. The Schools of a century since were quite primitive. They were of a peripatetic character, each farmer in the dis- trict being obliged to house the school a certain number of 30 THE VALDRIS BOOK days, and the sessions were held in the general living room of the farm house. The curriculum consisted of learning to read and to memorize the catechism and other requirements for confirmation. Writing was not then taught regularly, nor such branches as arithmetic. But improvements came speedily as time passed, and to-day the schools of Valdris rank, along with those of the rest of Norway, with the best in the world. The Valdris of the old order and old regime, say up to one or two hundred years ago, was a well ordered community, whose people were skilled in the arts and processes of an ad- vanced culture, and were intellectually awake and vigorous and to the full made the best of their environment and slender re- sources. It may be worth while to relate one incident out of the many from that time that serve to illustrate these matters. The farm Lykkja or L^kken is the uppermost of the East Slidre valley, and lies but a few miles ' south of Bygdin. Three brothers were born there who became famed as the strongest and most able-bodied men of their time. One of them was Halvar, born 1712. He grew up in the wilds of his native mountains and naturally became proficient in the out-door arts and crafts of his environment. To L0kken came during Halvar's boyhood an educated man who for some breach of the law was a fugitive and sought hiding on the border of this out of the way bygd, and this lone farm became to him an asylum to some extent. To the L^kken boys, and especially to Halvar, this man's coming became a matter of great conse- quence ; for he gave them instruction which made of them in the eyes of the community, and in very fact, liberally educated men. Halvar drew about him during his long life many of the more ambitious young men, at such times as they found leisure, and taught them writing and other matters beyond what the common school . had given them. Halvar's teaching activity virtually constituted a high school, the first advanced school of Valdris. He died 1801, 89 years old. The effect of his activity was of course a definite raising of the intellectual standard of the community; but the incident also indicates a VALDRIS 31 certain mental vigor and cultural spirit among the youth of the time that reached out for the benefits of his teaching. Among Halvar i Lykkjun's pupils was the writer's grandfather, who though but a lad of fourteen at the time Halvar died, had acquired from his guidance a fluent handwriting and a taste for reading which was a solace to him until his old age. Hal- var i Lykkjun with his unorganized schooling was no mean nor unworthy precursor of the splendid galaxy of modern educators in Valdris, in which we may mark such lights as Ola B0, Hallvard Bergh, Thorstein Hjziverstad, and many others. The Folklore of Norway was especially rich and charac- teristic, as all well . informed people know. Valdris shared to the full in this popular culture of the country. Among the very first of Norwegians to appreciate its importance and take up the work for its preservation was the schoolteacher Andris Eivindson Vang, of Vang parish. He was born in 1795, and at the age of twelve became a servant in the house of the pastor. By hard work and self-application he became able to qualify as a supply teacher at the age of twenty-one. After a succession of vicissitudes which proved his mettle, he was given the post of teacher in the Vang congregation. He had an uncommonly good ear for music and a good singing voice and was a successful klokker or leader of the congrega- tional singing. He became a famous kjjzfmeistar, master of ceremonies in parties and such functions as christenings, wed- dings, and funerals, and was regarded as an unrivaled speaker for such occasions. Andris Vang understood and appreciated the wealth of tradition and folklore that lived upon the lips of the populace, and he formed the purpose to do his best for the preservation of these treasures from loss. For this purpose he visited the old people who weTe well versed in the telling of the tales and wrote them down in the exact words of the relators in the dialect they spoke. He tells that he had filled 66 closely writ- ten sheets. The sheet or "ark" used at that time was double 32 THE VALDRIS BOOK folio, large size, four large pages to the sheet ; and Vang's writing was a closely written, condensed hand. In 1848 he published his account of marriage customs in Valdris, in the Danish "book language". But in 1850 he got out the first in- stalment of his folk-stories in a book of 78 pages, "Gamla Reglo o Rispo ifraa Valdris" — Old Yarns and Rigmaroles from Valdris. — This book is the pioneer work in the collect- ing of traditions, stories, and poetry that has been prosecuted throughout Norway. It was the first book printed in the ver- nacular or dialect speech of the populace of any part of Nor- way. And Vang's manuscript has the merit of being abso- lutely faithful to the form of speech used. A second volume of his collection was published in 1871 under the title, "Gamla Segner fraa Valdres". According to information that is ap- parently reliable these two volumes contain but a minor por- tion of Vang's 66 sheet manuscript. Since Vang's death in 1877 the manuscript has passed through different hands, but where it now reposes no one seems able to tell. The work of collecting and publishing the vernacular stories of the Valdris people has been continued by the other- wise well-known and prolific author and educator Hallvard Bergh, born 1850 and still living. Some stories he has, like Vang, reproduced in the vernacular idiom, portions he has rendered into Danish-Norwegian, and some into the alleged normal country speech called the "maal". Another collector and author who uses the dialect idiom, is ex-Stortingsmand O. K. ^degaard, whose first book in this line, "Gamalt fraa Valdres", pictures in attractive and natural manner the customs and conditions wilhin his own memory and that of narrators of his acquaintance. He has put out several books, the last being "Valdresfolk", all in the dialect. And he is a skillful user of his material, and has, as a late reviewer says, made the Valdris dialect a good deal of a "book-language". 0degaard is an active promoter of histori- cal study in the county and a leading force in the local histori- cal society. VALDRIS 33 Glaus Islandsmoen of Fiagn has, among other historical work, produced a volume, "S'/ire Aurdal og Etnedalen'', which embodies mucli research in the archi\es and forms a valuable chronicle of the two lower parishes. It is a storehouse of history and biography covering the documentary period of records, beginning at about 1600. Another work, resembling Islandsmoen's but more restrict- ed in design while covering the chosen ground more thoroughly and in detail, is "\'ang og Slire" by Tore Ey, who is a brother of O. K. 0degaard, but writes the name in the form he has found to be the ancient original of the latter-day 0degaard, \"ang og Slire is a work of some 800 pages, and upward of a hundred are given to a general consideration of the history of the three upper parishes \^ang and East and \\'est Slidre. somewhat on the plan of Islandsmoen's book. In the remain- ing 700 pages he takes up the individual history of each farm, especially dealing with the occupants and the connections, in- termarriages, and migrations of their families, beginning with the earliest documents available, from the middle of the seven- teenth century and often much earlier. This Unique and wonderful treasure-trove of genealogy is the outgrowth of the author's search of the archives in pursuit of the ramifications of genealogy of his own family. He found, in this research, that his own lineage touched most of the families or strains and lines in the parishes mentioned ; and he fortunately de- tided to make a book covering his investigations of the entire records available to him. He has given to the families of Vang and Slidre lineage an index or epitome of the genealogic re- cords contained in the archives, that enables them to trace family trees for themselves or indicate the lines along which to make these out from the original documents. It will be found a work of the greatest value, in this department, to large numbers of Americans who will wish to trace their an- cestry back to the earliest forbears in old \^aldris. It should be included in the libraries of the historical societies and in- stitutions of learning of our countrv. 34 AHE VALDRIS BOOK As an authority on Valdris history and antiquities it is doubtful whether Ola K. Alvstad had any equal. He had a most wonderful memory and a remarkably astute and critical judgment, and he was acknowledged to be the best informed man in Valdris in his special lines of research. He produced no book but he wrote often and with minute care articles for papers and periodicals. A collection of his writings should prove most valuable to students of Valdris history. Johannes Belsheim It is eminently proper to mention here Johannes Belsheim, who died in 1909 eighty years old. He was one of the most learned men that Valdris has produced, and was especially famous and productive in the line of biblical sources. He was likewise one of the best informed men on Valdris history and traditions. He is easily the most famous of the genuine, com- mon-people sons of old Valdris. A general survey of the writings of Valdrises or of those VALDRIS 35 relating to Valdris history, would be entirely beyond the scope of this sketch. The writer has cited only those examples that offered themselves as good illustrations. CHURCH ARCHITECTURE. There are no towns in Valdris. At Aurdal and Fagernes are what might be called villages, and there are some clusters of farmsteads at different places that might in a way also pass for villages. But there are no large or pretentious struc- tures in any of these, and no specimens of architecture parti- cularly distinct from the buildings on the farms. It might be interesting enough to describe the old farm dwellings. But they are not marked by features specially distinguishing them from that class of structures in other interior districts. The limit of space moreover hinders any treatment of them here. But the churches of Valdris do merit at least a passing notice. When Harold in 872 completed the unification of Norway it was a pagan country in the sense that it was not Christian. It remained such for a century and a half longer, in spite of the futile attempt of Haakon the Good and the de- termined efforts of Olaf Trygvason to make the people accept the Christian faith. It is not until the reign of Olaf the Saint, that the old faith began definitely to lose its hold on the Nor- wegians. In 1023 Olaf came to Valdris and with fire and sword made the inhabitants accept the new belief. Priests and monks were sent to teach them Christianity. What the first houses of worship were like we can not tell, but the churches in use at the close of the eighteenth century in Valdris were structures of great age, for the most part erected before the reformation. Some were in such a state of decay, or were so much too small for the congregations that they had to give place to more commodious buildings. But some, prob- ably those of greatest age, are still standing and still are used as meeting houses. All but two were built of wood. The two churches of Slidre and Ulnes are stone buildings. Slidre church is the head, or pastor's residential church, of 36 THE VALDRIS BOOK VALDRIS 37 West Slidre parish. It was built before 1200, and in Roman Catholic times was a bishop's church or cathedral, had a chime of 12 bells tuned so that hymn tunes could be played, and was distinguished for its superior appointments and furnish- ings. Ulnes church is smaller but is possibly nearly as old. It is novv an "annex church" in North Aurdal parish. The ancient wooden churches belong to the class called "Stavkirker", a construction that is unique in ecclesiastic architecture and is peculiar to Norway. It consists of a frame of upright pillars made of tree trunks, bound by beams and girders which have been hewn rectangular in section. To com- plete the walls, upright hewn planks, or "staves", are fitted as panels into grooves in the upright timbers. The whole frame centers about a system of roimd, massive wooden columns, or "masts", which bear the main roof work and tower structure, and likewise afford attachment of subsidiary framework and roof sections. The exterior roof angles and other points were decorated with carved dragon's head and other fantastic de- signs. The doors were framed in beautifully carved scroll patterns in which the conventionalized dragon forms the main theme and motive of the composition. The framework of tlie interior is altogether open, with crossbeams and arches ex- posed to view and decoratively finished. Surrounding the paneled walls of the main part of the building ran a narrow enclosed cloister, its cover forming the lowest section of the roof slopes. Generally this sectional construction gave the structure a roughly pyramidal outline, with gables and roof sections rising above one another and terminating in the light, houselike tower. To preserve the building against the action of the weather, the exposed surfaces were periodically served with an application of hot tar. which produced a darkbrown, rather soft and pleasing effect. These churches were windowless, and to mitigate the almost total darkness of the interior, small openings 'were cut in the clear- story walls, and these could be closed by blocks fitted for the purpose. The ceremonial of worship at the time these THE VALDRIS BOOK VALDRIS 39 churches were erected did not call for reading or singing, from books, on the part of the congregation, and the candles and lights used in the ceremonial probably afforded suffi- cient illumination for the priest and his assistants, and one can imagine that the effect of solemnity may have been height- ened by such a use of lights within the otherwise dark or ob- scure interior. After the reformation, when the worshippers began to use hymnals and join in the singing, more light was required, and windows were cut in the upper parts of the walls where they were exposed to the outer air. It is not altogether clear why the cloister, which ran around the nave did not communicate with the main interior. In these small churches the number of worshippers admitted must have been limited to a small portion of the entire congregation, and those within the clois- ter, if any were there, were of course cut off from direct par- ticipation. May it be, that while the elect were admitted to the holiest of the nave, those of a lower degree of sanctifica- tion were segregated within the cloister in order that some grace might come to them under the consecrated roof that reached out even over the cloister? Be that as it may, after the reformation the cloister was removed from many of the stav-churches and windows placed in the paneled walls which thus had become exposed to the out- side light. Protestant worship was an affair of the entire congregation, and more room was needed than many of the churches afforded. They were therefore enlarged, sometimes by the addition of wings and extensions, but in some cases the choir or chancel was moved a space from the nave and a transept built in between, or the nave simply lengthened. But these various "improvements" played sad havoc with many a fine specimen of the ancient ecclesiatic architecture. A very high authority on Norwegian church architecture is Professor Lorenz Dietrichson. He distinguishes two clas- ses of stav-churches, the four-columned or Valdris type and the many-columned or Sogn type. Others make three clas- 40 THE VALDRIS BOOK ses, those of four, of six, and of more than six columns, but the four-columned are by all called the Valdris type of stav- church. And this is by many held to be the purest of the types. On Filefjell, in tlie very upper end of the valley stood the Thomas church in a small gleii called Smedalen, many miles from any present settlement. It was so named because it had been dedicated to Thomas a Becket. It was a small stav- church. All that is definitely known of its history is that ser- vices were held there once a year, on July 2nd. But there gathered on these occasions people from Sogn and Hallingdal as well as from Valdris, and more for purposes of visiting and even for trade than for worship. To put an end to this misuse of the church and of tlie occasion of worship, the services were discontinued and the building was torn down in 1808. Its bells and other equipment were distributed among other churches in Valdris. It is said to have been a four-columned church. A stav-church which stood on the farm Grihamar was removed long ago. The old stav-church of ^ie, dating from before 1358 was taken down in 1735 and replaced by the present church of that congregation in 1747. The ancient church of Vang, on the shore of Mj(z(sen was a four-column stav-church, known to have been erected before 1319. Be- cause this was not large enough, a more modern structure was built about 1839. The old church was then sold to Frederick William, later Kaiser William I, who had it torn down, ship- ped to Hamburg, thence to Silesia, where it was re-erected and is standing now. It was a four-column church of purest type and richly ornamented. It is thus seen that four of the ancient churches of Vang parish have disappeared. There are references in old writ- ings and in local tradition, to one or two more that have stood in the upper end of the parish, but nothing definite is record- ed of their appearance. The only stav-church of Vang that has been saved from the general destruction is that of Hurum, standing on the site of the old manor-scat and stronghold. VALDRIS 41 Kvidhin, now occupied by the five farmsteads Kvien, into which the old estate has been subdivided. It is one of the best specimens of the four-cohnn type, and is still in use as the meeting house of Hurum congregation. Its exterior has been altogether changed by the removal of the cloister, the insertion of windows, by boarding it up, and by its being painted white. But the interior equipment is fairly well pre- served, even to the old, narrow pew benches, that are veritable means of torture. Hurum church seems to owe its preserva- 1 ^ i^!*PnAUi^H.^i^Bii iH^C^ . Hk. Rf^^^w' "/;. -■' -m^^fimr^., - ...- .. ':r^ ;:!rrl';*^ifc-;--.- J Hedal Church, transept built in tion to the fortunate circumstance that it was a large house of its class, and the congregation could be served by it without enlarging it. Some four miles below Hurum stands the church of Lome in West Slidre, a four-column structure that is very true to the type, and contains some of the best scroll work carving to be found. As at Hurum, the cloister has been taken away and windows supplied, but it still retains the old dark-brown tar finish. It is the same age as Hurum, known to have been standing six hundred years ago. 42 THE VALDRIS BOOK Whether the churches of R0n, Rogne, Volbu, Skrautvaal, Svenes, Aurdal, and Bagn were all strictly Valdris four-column type is not fully clear. They have long since been replaced by more commodious, modern buildings. Hegge church in East Slidre is an eight-column stav-church. Of all the stav- churches in Valdris, Reinli church, in South Aurdal parish, best exemplifies their original external appearance, in that the closed cloister still stands in place. In its framework it de- parts somewhat from the others and parts of its ornamenta- tion is of a different sort. It is known to be of an earlier date than 1327 • and it is believed to stand on the site of an ancient Hedal Church, present appearance temple or hall dedicated to the worship of the old gods of pagan times. Hedal church, in the same parish, is a stav- church of the same period, and much of its ancient ornamenta- tion and structural work is preserved, though it has been en- larged and remodeled by separating the nave and the chancel and building a transept between them. There is a tradition that Hedalen bygd was completely depopulated by the Black VALDRIS 43 Death, about 1350, and the existence of the church had in later times been forgotten, until it was long after discovered by a hunter whose arrow, missing the bird it was aimed at, betrayed the presence of the church by the noise it made on hitting its roof. A very badly dilapidated portion of bear- skin is preserved in a glazed case in the vestry, and is said to be of the hide of a she-bear found in her lair in the chancel of the rediscovered holy structure. A most important part of the equipment or accessories of the old churches were the bells. They were not hung in the church itself nor in towers attached to it, but in a separate building, a belfry, in the vernacular called stupul, and built in a style that harmonized with the church itself. Every church has two bells, but some had formerly chimes of a greater num- ber. The bells one finds now are as a rule massive and of fine, mellow tone. They are objects of much affection and veneration on the part of the congregation, and their proper ringing is a fine art, which only a few have the ability to learn acceptably. The official ringer of a congregation is there- fore a man of considerable importance. The country people are much attached to their church bells. The echoes of their call to meeting are eagerly listened for on Sunday mornings ; and it is a solemn and welcome mo- ment when their voices roll out over the valley the "ringing in" of such festivals as Christmas and dedicate the time to holiday observance for man and beast. Certain occult virtues were anciently ascribed to the chime of the consecrated bells. In a land of such topography as that of Valdris it happened that people, and especially children, might get lost in the wilds and chasms of the mountains. Superstition would ascribe such disappearances to the wiles of the fabled "Hill-folk" (Hau- gafolk) that were believed to live in the hills and mountains. But when the church bells were rung so that their call pene- trated into the fastnesses of the kidnappers it compelled them to give up their human captives, who were thus led by the bells home to their anxious families. Chapter II. THE BYGDELAG MOVEMENT SOME DEFINITIONS. The bygdelag movement has been treated historically in a sketch prepared by the writer for Dr. J. S. Johnson's book, "Minnesota", published 1914, and included also in "Syttende Mai Festskrift" compiled by N. N. Ronning for the Committee on 17th of May celebration in 1914. In the latter publication is also a section "Oplysning om Bygdela- gene" which has a brief sketch of each lag. Otherwise there is, so far as known no history of the lags nor of the movement, except as it may be gathered from the "Year- books" and other special publications of the individual lags, and from the reports of meetings and of lag activities, in the files of the Norwegian language newspapers for the years since the inception of the movement. An American Bygdelag is a society composed of natives of some particular settlement or group of settlements in Norway and of their descendants in this covmtry. The byg- delags have come into being from sentimental considera- tions, and their object is primarily social, to serve the end of fostering friendships and acquaintance of former neigh- bors, and of cultivating the traditions and keeping alive the memories of the ancestral home localities. A bygdelag might be styled a society "for auld lang syne" but it also has such more serious and practical aims as that of collecting, preserving, and publishing historical and biographical in- formation regarding immigrants to America who came from the district that the lag represents. The bygdelags are organizations of a national charac- THE BYGDELAG MOVEMENT 45 ter inasmuch as the membership is scattered throughout the country wherever citizens of Norwegian nativity or de- scent reside. Annual meetings are held for social reunion and the transaction of business incident to the interests of the organization. Generally they publish either a periodi- cal or a "yearbook" of special concern to the members. Many have raised funds for charitable or memorial gifts to the ancestral community or district. The afifairs of the so- cieties are administered or managed by executive boards composed of the officers and directors acting under man- date of constitutions and authority conferred and defined by society action in^the general meetings. The compound word bygdelag, as thus defined, has aris- en in American usage, and is composed of the words, bygd meaning settlement, countryside, or built up neighborhood, and lag, meaning society, and literally means a society of individuals from the same bygd in Norway. Usage at first was divided on the matter of designating organizations of this nature. The chief rival was the word Fylkelag or Fylkeslag, derived in the same way and meaning a society of people from the same fylke, or district of larger extent than a bygd. There is in the Norwegian language a compound word of long established usage and of identical form, bygdelag, in which the part lag means a group or assemblage, and the whole word signifies an assemblage of settlements or a group of homesteads. It is a word entirely distinct in de- rivation and meaning from the "bygdelag" of American coinage explained above. CONDITIONS THAT LED UP TO THE MOVEMENT. The population of Norway is and has ever been very largely rural. The local communities are as a rule small, and are scattered along the water courses of the interior and on the shores and at the heads of the fjords or inlets of 46 THE VALDRIS BOOK the sea. Owing to the physical characteristics of Norway these communities have led an existence of segregation and isolation, varying in degree with the character and extent of the natural barriers that hemmed in the settlements and hindered or restrained intercourse with the outside world. This condition of isolation, which might afifect either a small, single settlement or a group of settlements set off together in a district of limited extent, inevitably developed local characteristics of speech and customs, and community traits, that contrasted sharply with those of the inhabitants of other and even near-by settlements. At the same time this isolation strengthened local community of interests and built up solidarity and communal helpfulness. The inev,itable intermarrying of the families within such a limited group, doubtless helped to develop distinct settlement types, which are characteristic of these Norwegian communities. Of course each community developed traditions, folk lore, standards of conduct, games, music, costumes peculiar to itself. When the people who had been reared under these con- ditions began to come to our then western frontier, first in Illinois and Wisconsin, and later in Iowa, Minnesota, and farther west, as the frontier was pushed on by the pioneers, they arrived generally in companies that had made the long and arduous journey together. Naturally they inclin- ed to settle down together, so that old time neighbors be- came neighbors here. In a few cases these neighborhood groups became nuclei about which fairly extensive settle- ments of fellow-dalesmen grew by the addition of later ar- rivals, such as the Numedjzil, Vossing and Sogning settle- ments in southern Wisconsin, and similar developments elsewhere. But also, the pushing on of the frontier year after year, under the necessity of going on to find land in plenty, operated to mix the Norwegians of the different bygds, along the whole Northwest frontier, just as the same general process served to scatter and mix together all the nationalities that constituted the pioneer population. Still, THE BYGDELAG MOVEMENT 47 in this scattering process, the feeling of community of origin did at times assert itself so as to people considerable areas with such as had come from the same district in Nor- way, not exclusively nor hardly preponderatingly, but so as to form a large proportion of the residents. The matter of first concern to the Norwegian settlers was to build homes and enter on all the activities connect- ed with getting on in the community of which they formed a part. They entered on this work energetically and became engrossed in it. Considerations of sentiment regarding relatives and the neighbors in the old home necessarily oc- cupied a secondary place in their minds while the strenu- ous process of getting on was at its height. But as they attained competence or prosperity and could begin to af- ford more time for thinking about the kin and friends from whom they had become separated, the desire to see them again began to assert itself. Naturally they satisfied this sentiment by making such visits as circumstances allowed, and one can readily imagine how the reunions of these long ocpai-ated friends and kinsmen were enjoyed. But there were scores and hundreds of these friends separated by hundred of miles and in all parts of the country. No amount of visiting around could satisfy the desire to see them all. Then came the bygdelag movement or idea. A reunion of the people from a bygd or group of bygds in the old country, living at the most widely separated places, might be arranged in some convenient, readily accessible place, and these long separated friends, neighbors, and relatives, could in one such visit meet and see once again as many dear ones as they could have reached in a long series of visits needing thousands of miles of costly and fatiguing travel. And this was what happened. One man conceived the idea, others took it up with him and among themselves. They were men of the necessary initiative and public spir- it, who put their idea to the test of performance. They 48 THE VALDRIS BOOK brought about such a reunion. The successful experiment was repeated, and it grew into a permanent institution, with the machinery of a regular organization, a "bygdelag." Following will be given first a chronology of the more important events in the history of the bygdelag movement, which will be followed in turn by an outline sketch of some of the important phases and developments of the move- ment in general, and touching upon the part played by in- dividual lags and by some of the leaders in the work. CHRONOLOGY OF THE BYGDELAG MOVEMENT. 1899. February 2. PubHc discussion of Valdrisstevne begun by Article in Nordvesten. June 25. First Valdrisstevne, Minneapolis. Called on initiative of Thomas Lajord. July. Etnebu picnic at Story City, meetings not con- tinued. 1900. Sept. 9. Second Valdrisstevne, Minneapolis. 1901. July. "Bygdejaevning" begvm in Amerika. Sept. 8. Committee elected to organize Valdris Sam- band, by third Valdrisstevne, at Como Park. 1902. June 22. Picnic of Harengs of Mitchell Co., la. June. Suggestion of Peter Hove for a Hailing Stevne, no action taken. Aug. 31. Meeting of Valdris Samband. First \"aldris- gjesteb0. 1903. Correspondence in newspapers proposing "stev- ner" of Hallings, Gudbrandsdjzils, and Tr^nders. Jan. 27. The Norwegian Society of America organized. 'December. No. 1, of \"aldris Helsing issued. 190G. Nov. 30. Article. "Det norske Selskab. Optan- delse" in Fram. Dec. 12. Article, "Haand paa Plogen," by Dr. Fjelde in Fram. THE BYGDELAO MOVEMENT 49 1907. Jan. 16. Telelage organized at Fargo, as a mem- ber of T!ie Norwegian Society. March 9. Hallinglaget organized at Walcott. July. Telelage secedes from the Norwegian Society. 1908 June 17. Numedalslaget organized at Fargo. July. No. 1, Halling-Minne, issued. Sept. 6. Gudbrandsdalslaget organized, Minneapolis. Sept. 17. Tr^nderlaget organized, Fergus Falls. Oct. 22. Nordlandslaget organized at Minneapolis. Nov. 28. Sognalaget organized at Albert Lea. 1909. March. No. 1, of Telesoga issued. June 17. Selbulaget organized at Atwater, Minn. June 24. Vosselaget organized at Albert Lea. June 30. Ssetisdalslaget organized at Grand Forks. Sept. 8. Nordfjordlaget organized, Como Park. Nov. 17. First conference of bygdelag representatives met at Minneapolis, on invitation of Valdris Samband. 1910. June 16. Landinglag organized at Minneapolis. June 16. Totninglag organized at Minneapolis. June 18. 0sterdjz. A letter in answer to. Lajord from an "Otter Tail Valdris" proposing that the reunion be general, so as to include Valdrises from all parts of the country. April, j\Iay, and June, items in papers about activity of a committee for preparations of a "Valdrisstevne". June 25. First Valdrisstevne, or reunion of Valdrises, took place in Minnehaha Falls Park, Minneapolis. Address by Rev. Helge Hoverstad in Valdris dialect. Committee in charge of preparations, Thomas Lajord, J. T. Ellingboe, and Chr. Brandt. Mr. Lajord presided over the meeting, 1900. Sept. 9. Second Valdrisstevne, held in Minnehaha Falls Park, Minneapolis. Committee, Thomas Lajord, chair- man; Chr. Brandt, and L. O. Wilson. Address by Dr. J. S. Johnson. 1901. Aug. 25, a stevne of Valdrises of Renville County, Minn., was held a few miles south-east of Maynard. Sept. 8. Third general Valdrisstevne met in Como Park, between St. Paul and Minneapolis. Committee: Dr. J. S. Johnson, presiding, L. O. Wilson, Lajord, O. Jorgens, Chr. Brandt. Address by Professor A. A. Veblen in Valdris dialect. Committee of seven elected to organize a society of Valdrises, draw up a constitution, and to have charge of a stevne next year. Thomas Lajord first member of the com- mittee elected, the other members were H. A. Boe, Harold 92 THE VALDRIS BOOK PASTOR NILS BRANDT DEAN OF THE VALORISES THE VALDRIS SAMBAI^D 93 Thorson, Dr. J. S. Johnson, A. A. Veblen, Hon. G. K. Nor- sving, and Hon. Haldor Boen. 1902. May 16th. Committe of seven met in St. Paul. A. A. Veblen elected chairman and Dr. Johnson secretary. Name "Valdris Samband" adopted. Provisions of constitution agreed upon, and subcommittee, consisting of chairman and secretary, directed to prepare draft of the document and sub- mit to the members of the committee by mail for approval. Aug. 31. Fourth Valdrisstevne, in Como Park. Constitu- tion approved. Executive Board elected : A. A. Veblen, President; Thomas Lajord, Vice-President; Dr. J. S. John- son, secretary ; Rev. O. L. Kirkeberg ; and Chn J. Heen. Prof. John Dahle, Orator. The Valdris Button worn for the first time. Evening. The first Valdrisgjestebjzf, prepared by Dr. John- son, at Mozart Hall, St. Paul. Prof. John Dahle toastmaster (Kj^meistar). - September. Booklet issued by the secretary, containing minutes of meeting, reports of committee, and Prof. Dahle's oration. December. The biographical Blank, with 28 questions to be answered by members, issued. 1903. Sept. 5, Saturday Evening. Valdris banquet at Dania Hall, Cedar Ave., Minneapolis. Rev. O. L. Kirkeberg, toastmaster. Stereopticon views from Valdris shown by the president after the banquet. Sept. 6, in Como Park. Fifth Stevne. O. L. Kirkeberg orator. Styre elected : Veblen, P., Kirkeberg V-P., Dr. John- son, Sec, C. J. Heen, Harold Thorson. Dec. 8. Valdris Samlag of St. Paul organized. Dec. 29. Grafton, N. D., Valdris Samlag organized. Dec. 30. First number of quarterly "Valdris Helsing" issued ; the president, editor, and the secretary, associate editor. 1904. Sept. 3. Banquet at Mozart Hall, St. Paul. Prof. J. Dahle toastmaster. Sept. 4. Sixth Stevne, Como Park. President A. G. Tuve 94 THE VALDRIS BOOK orator. Styre: Veblen P., Kirkeberg V-P., Dr. Johnson, Sec, C. J. Heen, H. Thorson, S. G. Bertilrud. 1905. Sept. 9. Banquet at Normanna Hall, Third Street and Twelfth Ave. South, Minneapolis. Prof. Dahle toastmas- ter. Sept. 10. Seventh Stevne, Como Park. Rev. O. J. Kvale orator. Styre: Veblen P., Kirkeberg V-P., Dr. Johnson Sec, Heen, Thorson, Bertilrud. 1906. July 7. Thomas Lajord died at Washington, D. C. Sept. 8. Banquet, Normanna Hall. The president acted as toastmaster. Sept. 9. Eighth Stevne, Como Park. Prof. Thomas S. Thompson orator. Styre: Veblen P., Kirkeberg V-P., A. M. Sundheim Sec, Heen, Thorson, Bertilrud. 1907. Sept. 7. Banquet, Normanna Hall. John Dahle toastmaster. Sept. 8. Como Park, R. N. Qualley orator. Committee to collect historical material relating to Valdrises appointed, Lieut. N. I. Gilbert chairman. Styre: Veblen P., H. Thorson V-P., Sundheim Sec, H. A. Bjorgo, O. I. Flaten, Sam Thomp- son. 1908. Sept. 5. Banquet, Normanna Hall. John Dahle toastmaster. Sept. 6. Como Park. Tenth Stevne. Dr. J. S. Johnson presiding in the absence of the president. Rev. I. T. Aastad orator. Styre: Veblen P., Thorson V-P., Dr. J. S. Johnson Sec, I. T. Aastad, Chris. Olson (Guldhaug), Ole Jorgens. This year First Valdrisstevne at Aiberta, Canada. 1909. June 24. Second Valdrisstevne at Alberta, Can. Sept. 10. Conference meeting of some Valdrises at Hotel Sherman, St. Paul, agrees on plan to raise fund for salary of president as editor of the Helsing, H. Thorson to be manager of subscription. Sept. 11. Banquet at Ark Lodge Auditorium, 31st Street and Third Ave. South, Minneapolis, Dahle toastmaster. Sept. 12. Eleventh Stevne, Como Park, Albert L. Hougen, THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 95 orator. Styre: Veblen P., Bendix Holdahl V-P., Dr. John- son Sec, M, A. Weblen, A. M. Sundheim, H. A. Boe. Nov. 17. First meeting of bygdelag representatives on in- vitation of Valdris Samband Styre, So. Side Commercial Club, Minneapolis. 1910. Sept. 10. Twelfth Stevne. Business meeting, after- noon, Ark Auditorium basement. Chr. Brandt Secretary pro tem. Voted, to change Valdris Helsing into monthly by name of SAMBAND. Styre: Veblen P., B. Holdahl V-P, A. M. Sundheim Sec, H. Thorson, O. A. Hain, M. A. Weblen. Evening. Banquet, Ark Auditorium. Veblen toastmaster. Lewis A. Anderson orator. Sept. 11. Como Park, picinic of 12th Valdrisstevne. November. First issue of SAMBAND as No. 31 (of the Helsing). 1911. Sept. 9. 4:30 p. m. business meeting. Ark Audito- rium. Styre : Veblen P., Holdahl V-P., Sundheim Sec, O. A. Hain, H. Thorson, Ole Rood. Evening. Banquet, Ark Auditorium. Dahle toastmaster. Rev. A, H. Belgum orator. Sept. 10. Picnic, Como Park. 1912. Sept. 7. Fourteenth Stevne. Business session p. m. Styre: Veblen P., Holdahl V-P., Sundheim Sec, O. A. Hain, H. Thorson, O. Rood. Vote passed to affiliate with Nordmandsforbundet. Evening. Banquet, Ark Auditorium. Dahle toastmaster. J C. M. Hanson and Hon. H. T. Helgesen orators. Sept. 8. Large gathering and picinic in Como Park. 1913. Sept. 6. Business session of fifteenth Valdris- stevne, afternoon in Ark Auditorium. Styre: Veblen P., Rev. A. H. Gjevre V-P., Sundheim Sec, O. A. Hain. Ole Rood, M. A. Weblen Evening. Banquet Ark Auditorium, Veblen toastmaster. Rev. Chris S. Thompson orator. Sept. 7. Como Park. Picnic and program. 1914. May 16. Sixteenth Valdrisstevne, 10 a. m. West 96 THE VALDRIS BOOK half of Dairy Building, Minn, State Fair Ground. Styrc elected: Veblen P., Gjevre V-P., Sundheim Sec, O. A. Hain, Ole Rood, M. A. Weblen, O. A. Veblen, 1. O. Hovey, H. S. Ingvalson. This meeting voted to begin the raising of funds for a memorial gift to Valdris (Valdrisgave), the president to appoint as a committee one man from each parish in Valdris, with himself as member at large and chairman of the com- mittee. Sept, 12. Extra Valdrisstevne. Business meeting 4 p. m. Ark Auditorium. Rules for Valdrisgave adopted. Evening. Banquet, Ark Auditorium. John Dahle toast- master. Rev. N. J. Lockrem orator. ' Sept. 13. Small picinic gathering in Minnehaha Falls Park, Minneapolis. Valdrisgave Committee completed as fol- lows : For Vang, C. J. Heen. For West Slidre, I. O. Hovey, secretary. For East Slidre, T. O. Roble. For Etnedalen, Jo- hannes Anderson (Stamperstuen). For North Aurdal, A. M. Sundheim, treasurer. For South Aurdal, L. C. Goplerud, Chairman and member at large, A. A. Veblen. Sept. 24. First local stevne of Valdrises of Pope County, Minn., at Glenwood. 1915. June 7, Stevne of Pope County Valdrislag, at Glen- wood. Sept. 9, Thursday. 17th annual stevne of Valdris Sam- band. Business meeting, 4 p. m.. Ark Auditorium. Styre elected: Veblen P., Gjevre V-P., Sundheim Sec, O. A. Hain, M. A. Weblen, I. O. Hovey, H. S. Ingvalson, O. A. Veblen, Herman Karlsgodt. Evening. Banquet, Ark Auditorium. T. O. Roble toast- master. Rev. J. M. Sundheim orator. Sept. 10. Como Park, picnic and informal program. 1916, June 22, Glenwood, Minn, 18th Stevne of Valdris Samband, with assistance of Pope County Valdrislag, Open- ing session p. m. Evening. Banquet in park pavilion. John Dahle toast- master. THE BYGDELAG MOVEMENT 97 June 23. Business session. Styre elected : Veblen P., Ole Rood V-P., Sundheim Sec, O. A. Hain, 1. O. Hovey, H. S. Ingvalson, H. Karlsgodt, M. A. Weblen, O H. Opheim 1917. Apr. 26. Bendix Holdahl died. Aug. 10. Meeting of Styre in Minneapolis, voted to omit the 1917 stevne on account of the war. October. Publication of SAMBAND suspended. Last issue No. 114, for October, 1917. 1918. May, notices issued to suspend Valdrisstevne of 1918. 1919. Sept. 6. A Valdrisstevne held in Citizens Club rooms, Minneapolis, by Minneapolis "Valdris Samlag" R. N. Qualley orator. Sept. 7. Meeting of Valdris Samband Styre, voted to call a general Valdrisstevne in Minneapolis in June, 1920. Voted to withdraw from Nordmands-Forbundet. Voted to deposit funds of the Valdrisgave in Kristiania Bank. 1920. Feb. 18. Harald Thorson died, St. Paul. June 18 and 19. Annual meeting of Valdris Samband, Citizens Club, Franklin and Minnehaha Avenues, Minneapolis. HISTORY OF THE VALDRIS SAMBAND. THE FIRST REUNIONS OF THE VALORISES. The history of the movement for reunions of Valdrises, which resulted in the formation of the Valdris Samband, begins with a communication which was printed in the issue of February 2, 1899, of the Norwegian weekly news- paper Nordvesten, published at St. Paul. It was written in Valdris dialect and entitled, "Fraa Miniap0ls" and signed, T. L. (Thomas Lajord). Mr. Lajord proposes that the edi- tor, Chr. Brandt, who is a Valdris, or some one else take the lead in getting about a meeting of Valdrises of Minne- apolis and St. Paul some evening, to have a good time with refreshments, music, singing, and speaking. He suggests as a topic: "How can we, as Valdris-Americans, help to awaken the solidarity thought of Gyda from Kvie?" An- 98 THE VALDRIS BOOK Other remark he makes is: "Probably none would take the trouble and expense that they would come from other places, though you wrote a little about it m the paper. THOMAS LAJORD Also, "If only a small meeting were brought about to be- gin with, perhaps then sometime in the future there might be one, or two large meetings at Minnehaha, or Como, THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 99 or Harriet, and a small one were perhaps better than none at all." Lajord's communication was answered in a letter print- ed in Nordvesten for February 23, 1899, under the heading "Fra Otter Tail County" and signed "en Otter Tail Val- dris" This letter strongly endorses Lajord's suggestion for a Valdris meeting, but urges that the invitation be extended to all Valdrises in America, and that it be not held until so late that it may take place out of doors He suggests as a date the Sunday during the convention of the United Church or during the week of the meeting of the Nor\\e- gian Synod. The "Otter Tail Valdris" enumerates a num- ber of well known Valdrises who should be asked to attend and participate, and suggests matters for discussion. The identity of this correspondent has not so far been revealed. But he seems to be the father of the proposal of a national reunion rather than a local meeting. Considerable agitation took place following these com- munications, as showi> by six or seven different clippings that the writer has from papers during April, May and June after. These show that a committee on arrangements consisting of J. T. Ellingboe, Thomas Lajord, and Chr. Brandt had after a while been formed and had fixed on Sunday, June 25th as the time of meeting, it was designat- ed as a Valdris-M0te or as a Valdrisstevne, and the latter soon became the usual designation for this sort of meet- ings. It means a prearranged meet or gathering, a reunion, of Valdrises. From newspaper reports of the stevne it appears to have been a very successful affair. The informal visiting formed the chief feature, and there was a picnic, for which the ladies provided coffee, and afterward a program of speaking and music. Thomas Lajord presided, and he re- cited some verses of his own which had already been print- ed in the twin city papers, beginning: "Me asra Valdrisa; etc." Rev. L T. Aastad made some remarks, as did also Rev. L. P. Thorkveen, though not a Valdris but Gudbrands- 100 THE VALDRIS BOOK 601. A formal address was delivered by Rev. Helge H^ver- stad, in Valdris dialect. (It is printed in full in Valdris Helsing, August, 1904). One reporter estimates the num- ber in attendance at "ca. 800." The marked success of the meeting, which was the first of its kind ever held showed that the idea of a general reunion was received with sym- pathy and approval. Many of the participants had come from different parts of Minnesota and from other states. Though the matter was broached at the meeting, no steps were taken toward effecting a permanent organiza- tion. But it was a generally expressed wish that similar reunions should be held in the future, and it was under- stood that the same committee would actively encourage efforts in that direction. The stevne and the idea of repeti- tions of the affair became frequent topics of conversation among Valdrises and others. Mr. Lajord in his zeal car- ried on a tireless propaganda ; so much so, indeed, that more reserved and modest Valdrises even thought he carried it too far, and even hinted that he "njade a nuisance" of his talk in season and out of season about Valdris meetings. The Second Stevne. — In Nordvesten of/ August 28, 1900, appeared an announcement that the second meet- ing of Valdrises would take place in Minnehaha Park on Sunday afternoon, September 9. This was signed by L. O. Wilson, Thomas Lajord, and Chr. Brandt, as committee. Sunday morning proved unpropitious with considerable rain. But the afternoon cleared. The dampness caused by the morning's rain doubtless kept some away from the park in the afternoon, but the affair nevertheless proved successful. From a partial list of participants published in the newspaper reports, it appears that the number of people from out of town was quite as large as of those resi- dent in the twin cities. There were Valdrises from all parts of Minnesota and from the adjacent states. Lajord presided, and a new poem of his, that he recited, "Her ha me samlast, fjz^r more o glee! Tankin flyg heimat aat Valdris idag," was sung by the audience. As speakers THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 101 are mentioned Ole Kirkevold from Norway, Ole Jorgens. K. K Rudie, Professor T. A. Hoverstad, and Dr. J. S. John- son who delivered the formal address. Dr. Johnson's par- Dr. J. S. JOHNSON ticipation in this stevne seems to have marked the begin- ning of his bygdelag activity and the injection of his ca- pacity for energetic management into the movement. The men who had so far busied themselves in promoting the 102 THE VALDRIS BOOK reunions, seem from this time to have accepted as a matter of course his leadership and initiative. Lajord's enthusiasm remained unabated. He was a born propagandist, whose fervent and extravagant faith in the Norwegians as the best of all nationalities, and in the Valdrises as the most genuine of them, made him irresistible even though his zeal seemed immoderate. He had no patience with attention to details such as should seem essential in directing or or- ganizing a movement of such a novel character as this. He was a peerless specialist in his native Vang dialect, and he made effective use of his mastery of it, by writing his verses and articles in it and in a style that was characteris- tically Lajord's own. The Third Stevne and the Valdris Samband. — The committee which took charge of the preparations for the third Valdrisstevne was, as first announced, K. K. Rudie, Dr. Johnson, L. O. Wilson, Thos. Lajord, and O. Jorgens, Dr. Johnson was at some time designated chairman, and Chr. Brandt seems to have taken Mr. Rudie's place. During the winter the author of this sketch met Dr. Johnson and received from him an invitation to make the formal address. Press notices of the stevne began to appear in good season. While the advertising and preparations were going on at their best an unlooked for diversion was caused by a theological student, Torgeir Kj^s, who was that summer teaching parochial school in Renville County. On his ini- tiative a Valdrisstevne was held near Maynard on August 25, which was described as a successful affair. It gave Lajord a lot of worry; for he took Kj^s's action as spite work against himself. But the Renville County gathering was simply a local picnic outing, and it is doubtful wheth- er it really worked to the prejudice of the general stevne which came two weeks later. Sunday Sept. 8, was chosen as the date of the Stevne, so as to enable those attending to take advantage of the reduced railway fares to the State fair which took place during the preceding week. The day began inauspiciously THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 103 with rain and a chilly wind. But by noon the sky cleared and the wind calmed, so that in good time a gathering esti- mated at from two to three thousand had assembled at the pavilion of the picnic ground in the southwest corner of Como Park. Badges, made of red, white and blue ribbons and inscribed "Valdris-Stevne 1901" were supplied free, through the generosity of Mr. Harold Thorson. A bounti- ful picnic dinner was provided by the resident Valdrises. The stevne was conducted by Dr. Johnson, chairman of the committee, and he presided during the program which followed the picnic. Mr. Lajord busied himself in passing around a register in which he obtained the names and ad- dresses of a number of those in attendance. These were published in Nordvesten with the report of the meeting. Kari Rudi played the Langeleik. John Eltun sang Valdris songs. Several numbers were rendered by the men's sing- ing society "Fram" of St. Paul, led by Prof. John Dahle. Dr. Johnson opened the exercises with a brief address. The formal address, written in the H^risbygding variety of Valdris dialect, was given by the writer (A. A. Veblen). Speeches, which were also in dialect, were made by ex- Congressman Haldor Boen and Professor John Dahle. La- jord read a new poem, "E je gla so at hjarsta mit h0ppa." At the conclusion of this program Dr. Johnson brought up the question of effecting a permanent organization, ex- pressing for himself agreement with others who favored such action, and ended by taking an aye and no vote, which proved unanimous for the proposition. Motions were made and adopted, providing for the election of a committee of seven to have power to call and conduct the next stevne, to draw up a constitution, and under it to have charge of the affairs of the society until it should convene the next year. The members of the committee were chosen by suc- cessive nominations and elections till the seven places were filled. Mr. Lajord was the first one named. The oth- ers were, Helge Boe, Northfield ; Harold Thorson, Elbow Lake; Dr. J. S. Johnson, St. Paul; Prof. A. A. Veblen, 104 THE VALDRIS BOOK Iowa City; Hon. G. K. Norsving, Goodhue Co.; Hon. Hal- dor Boen, Fergus Falls. Lengthy reports of the stevne were published in the papers, and included Mr. Lajord's poem and his partial reg- HALDOR BOEN Of the Charter Committee ister of visitors and the text of the writer's address. The latter was also issued as a booklet for use as publicity mat- ter, and was in 1903 printed in Prof. R. B. Anderson's Bygdejaevning. THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 105 It was expected that Mr. Lajord as being the first one elected would take steps to have the committee assemble and organize, but this he declined to do. On the initiative of others it met in Dr Johnson's office in St. Paul on May 16, 1902. All members were present except Mr. Helge Boe. Mr. Lajord was nominated for chairman but would not serve, whereupon A. A. Veblen was elected chairman and Dr. J. S. Johnson secretary. At the suggestion of the chairman the name "Valdris Samband" was unanimously agreed on as the name of the society. The provisions to be embodied in the constitution were agreed upon one by one, and after the time and place for the next stevne had been fixed and the chairman and secretary had been appoint- ed a subcommittee to finish the draft of a constitution, the committee adjourned. The subcommittee named completed their task the fol- lowing day. Copies of the draft were immediately sub- mitted to the other members by mail, and approved by them. It was written in Valdris dialect. Following is a translation of the document : CONSTITUTION OF THE VALDRIS SAMBAND. 1. The name of this society is Valdris Samband. 2. It is the purpose of the Samband to promote friend- ship and pleasant intercourse among the Valdrises of America, and to increase knowledge of the Valdrises and of their worth and activity here and in the old home. 3. All who are of Valdris lineage, and their wives and husbands, are eligible to membership. 4. The officers are a president, a vice-president, and a secretary. Each is to serve the Samband in the manner usual for such officers ; but the secretary is also to be treas- urer. Beside these three, two more are to be elected, so as to form a board of five members, which is to have the custody and management of everything that belongs to or concerns 106 - THE VALDRIS BOOK the Samband, in accord with this constitution and other acts of the Samband. 5. An annual meeting of the Samband shall be held when and where the Samband or the Executive Board may- agree upon. At this meeting the first order of business shall be the appointment of a nominating committee. After the officers have made their reports, the nominat- ing committee shall report at least one name for each office of the Board. Thereupon the Samband is to elect officers either o^ those nominated or any others. Thereafter the order of proceedure shall be such as the Board has ordered or the meeting may determine. 6. The Board shall select Valdrises to make the prin- cipal addresses at the meetings ; and the speaking shall preferably be in Valdris language. 7. Such as are eligible and desire to become members are to pay twenty-five cents into the treasury ; no admission dues are required of the wife or children of a member. The amount of annual dues shall from time to time be fixed by the Samband. 8. In order that accurate and authentic information may be collected regarding the Valdrises and their activity and history, each one shall at the time of application for membership write down and turn in to the Board, so much information of himself, his family, and his lineage, as he may be willing to give. All that which is thus collected, and all other documents books, and pictures, which come into the custody of the Samband, are to be preserved in some safe and fire-proof place ; and the Board shall be responsible for the safe-keep- ing of all such matters. The secretary shall as he may be directed, distribute speeches and any matter that may be printed. 9. The Samband, in order to promote its objects, will THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 107 favor the formation of Samlags by Valdrises, with the same purposes as the Samband, in every neighborhood where they are numerous enough to do so. The Samband will encourage the collection, safe-keep- ing, and publication of all such matters as concern the Valdrises, Valdris settlements, and the Valdris language, in this new and cherished home of so many Valdrises. (May 17, 1902). This constitution has not been amended or altered in any respect, except that the Executive Board has been in- creased in number to nine (in 1916) and the dues have been increased to 50 cents, and again decreased to 25 cents, the original amount. The chairman and secretary at once began a lively pub- licity campaign. They secured lists of Valdrises wherever they knew some one from whom to request lists of those in the neighborhood, and wrote a large number of letters and distributed much printed matter. In addition they wrote articles for the newspapers. The printed matter used consisted of the constitution in the form of a small leaflet, and four different issues of circulars. To get as large a compliance as might be with Article 8 of the constitution, the main circular closed with the following: SUGGESTIONS TO APPLICANTS FOR MEMBERSHIP IN THE VALDRIS SAMBAND. On any suitable paper, answer in succession such of the following questions as you can or will. Number the an- swers to correspond. Or give the information in such man- ner as you may find convenient. Use English, Norwegian, or Valdris, as you prefer. Write all names of persons in full, giving first the form used here; then the full Norwegian form, with farsnavn and garsnavn or pladsnavn. Names of places should be correct and full. With the name of gar or plads indicate divisions, as nj2^rr0-, sjz(rr0-, uppi gare, etc., and the bygd, an- nex, and prestegjaeld should be stated. 108 THE VALDRIS BOOK 1. Your name? 2. Address? 3. Original Norwegian form of the name, if any change has been made? 4. Date of birth? 5. Place of birth? 6. Time of emigration of self or family? 7. Name of ship in which yon or your HELGE A. BOE Of the Charter Committee family sailed? 8. Place and date of landing? 9. Places of residence and the time in each? 10. Occupation or pro- fession? 11. Public offices tilled, and dates? 12. Military service and rank? 13. Church connection? 14. Schools attended and degrees and honors received? 15. Titles of THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 109 books, lectures, and other writings produced? 16. If mar- ried, name and age of wife or husband and date of mar- Hage? 17. Names, ages, and birthplace of children? 18. Your father's name, date and place of birth, occupation, and other facts of his history? 19 Your father's brothers and sisters and facts about them? 20. Your father's father? 21. Your father's mother? 22. Any further facts about your father's family? 23. Your mother's name, etc., as in questions 18 and 19? 24. Your mothers father? 25. Your mother's mother? 26. Any further facts about your moth- er's family? 27. Name, address, etc., of each of your broth- ers and sisters? Make all the answers to 18 to 27 as full as possible or as full as you desire, giving as much of your family history and connections as you may be inclined to write down for record. 28. Describe or relate any other facts or any events or movements in which you have par- ticipated, or of which you have direct or reliabe informa- tion, and which you may be willing to record. Finally, send the manuscript to any member of the com- mittee or preferably to the secretary or to the chairman, A. A. VEBLEN, Iowa City, Iowa. These "suggestions" embodied the first efifort in the di- rection of securing "information about Valdrises." In a few months the same 28 questions were printed on a sheet with blank spaces for the answers, constituting the "bio- graphic blank" of the Samband, which is still used, and which was adopted, without change of order or essential alteration in substance, as the Biographic Blank recom- mended to the bygdelags by the meeting of lag representa- tives in 1910, and afterward adopted by most of them. The Fourth Stevne convened in Como Park on August 31st, 1902. Previous to the meeting 280 members had enrolled by mail. The chairman, as acting president, conducted the proceedings and reports were rendered by him and by the secretary, on the work of the Committee on Organization. The constitution was approved by the 110 THE VALDRIS BOOK meeting, and the first Executive Board (Styre) was elect- ed, as follows: A. A. Veblen, President, Thomas Lajord vice-president, J. S. Johnson secretary-treasurer. Rev. O. L. Kirkeberg, and Christopher Heen. On the conclusion of the business session the Annual address was delivered by Professor John Dahle. The men's singing society Fram sang several selections, and there was instrumental music by an orchestra. For the rest the time was spent in informal visiting as at the earlier meet- PROFESSOR JOHN DAHLE ings. Many of the resident participants picnicked on the grounds, but the committee had made arrangements with some one to have on sale coffee and simple lunches for such as might wish to buy refreshments, a practice which the Samband has kept up ever since. A Valdris Button was worn for the first time at this stevne. It was sold for a nominal sum, and was furnished gratis to members who paid their regular dues. It was seven-eighths of an inch in diameter, and bore a plain capi- THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 111 tal V in white, its three extreme points touching the rim of the button. The space inside the V was red, and the face of the button outside the V was blue. No other badges have ever been supplied to participants of the meets of the Samband, than this small, simple button ; unless the parish tags introduced later might be regarded as badges. FIRST VALDRISGJESTEB0. In the evening an informal banquet was served to about 175 members in Mozart Hall, St. Paul. This was an in- novation for a Valdrisstevne and was due to an idea which Dr. Johnson had conceived and which was now carried out under his personal direction. He gave it the name "Val- drisgjesteb^," and the gjestebj^ has since been a regular and important feature of every stevne, and was copied by the other bygdelags when they came into being. The pe- culiar feature of a Valdrisgjestebjzi is the use of viands and dishes such as were served at feasts and parties in Val- dris, like Rjumegraut, Lefse, Flatbread, Lutefisk, Spekekj^t, etc. And the feast was presided over by a Kj^maistar in the manner of the master of ceremonies of that designa- tion in the old home. At this first Valdrisgjestebjzf Prof. John Dahle filled the place of that functionary, and he prov- ed such a treasure in this capacity, that he has been called to act, as a matter of course at these functions of the Sam- band, whenever he has not been absolutely hindered from attending. By reason of his versatile originality Professor Dahle is without a peer as toastmaster on 'such occasions, and as such he is properly to be regarded as a characteristic institution of the Valdris Samband. At this first Valdrisgjesteb^ there was singing and in- strumental music. But what distinguished it musically was the playing upon the violin of the old time popular airs of the home valley, especially the dances peculiar to Valdris. To the dance tunes a couple or two of old, experienced dancers gave an exhibition of the old national "springdans," which was greatly appreciated by the company. This play- 112 THE VALDRIS BOOK ing by violin of the old tunes and the exhibition of spring- dans by such as were especially experienced and skilled in ^■■■»--- -•■'■■ -^ • SMIIP '^TkM \ ■ 'Ira -'>. ' w* f'Hs:;: ::::^ \ Y iH t^j. Sfn^t ■ ^ .l|sP--^H£3S^:^ ♦ ' r"-» „ 1 1 T„A I fH PREPARING THE BANQUET CHRISTOPHER HEEN AND HIS VIOLIN this characteristic dance, became regular and essential fea- tures of the Valdrisgjesteb^s of the Samband, quite as much looked for as the kjjimeistar conduct of the feast. THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 113 Mr. Christopher J. Heen was one of the players this first time, and he has since been as generally in demand as "speleman" for the Valdris banquets as has Dahle as kj0- meistar. Different masters upon the instrument have from time to time entertained the Valdrises with the airs and tunes of the home bygds, but it is not unfair to say that no one has so charmed the audiences with his genuine old-fash- ioned home-playing as Heen, unless a co-ordinate standing must be assigned to the lamented, gifted Ole I. Flaten, who for years shared with Heen the virtual position of official speleman at stevne after stevne until his death, in 1914. It was a matter of much disappointment that Mr. La- jord was not present at this stevne. He had in the spring gone abroad as conductor of a party of American citizens who went to revisit their native bygds in Norway. Thus Lajord spent the summer in his native Valdris, and it was expected that he would bring greetings from the old home to the Valdrisstevne. But owing to delays on his return journey, he was prevented from arriving soon enough to be present. The secretary issued and distributed to the members a 36 page booklet, containing a full report of this stevne, in- cluding the complete minutes of the meeting, the reports made by the chairman and himself, and the full text of Pro- fessor Dahle's oration. The American "Commissioner" of det norske Samlag, the principal aim of which was to promote the cause of the Norwegian "landsmaal," seems to have taken it for granted that a society such as the Valdris Samband would naturally give active support to his particular propaganda, and sent a representative to distribute matter in its furtherance at the stevne. Though the man sent was received with such courtesy as circumstances permitted, the Commissioner be- lieved his representative had been slighted and wrote the president an angry letter. Needless to say, the matter was disposed of in the best of spirit and amity; but the Samband 114 THE VALDRIS BOOK has experienced no further attempts at exploiting it or its meetings on the part of any particular cause or project. In their efforts to secure as many members as possible, the president and secretary wrote large numbers of personal letters, sent out numbers of circulars both in English and GUDMUND K. NORSVING Of the Charter Committee in Norwegian, including the biographic blank mentioned above, and wrote articles for the press. The publicity work of the spring and summer for the 1903 stevne was carried on by the secretary alone, as the president took advantage of an opportunity to spend his vacation that summer abroad, THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 115 and to make a visit of several weeks in Valdris. He visited practically every bygd of the district, and secured a large number of photographs of scenes such as farms, churches, waterfalls, and mountain prospects. The plan to show these views in lantern slides at the stevne that year was industriously advertised by the secretary in his circulars and notices regarding the stevne. The Fifth Valdrisstevne began with a banquet or Valdrisgjesteb^ Saturday evening, September 5th in Dania Hall, Minneapolis, Minn. So many people came to this af- fair that it was impossible for all to get inside. Probably 400 people partook of the collation, many of them at a sec- ond setting of the tables. And in addition every available place in the galleries and hall was occupied. And yet there were some who had to go away without having had even a chance to look into the hall. Rev. O. L. Kirkeberg offici- ated as toastmaster. The banquet was similar to the one of the year before, with a program of toasts and music fol- lowing the meal. This closed with the stereopticon views prepared from the photographs brought home by the presi- dent from his visit in Valdris and accompanied by a report of his visit to the different bygds of the valley. This novel undertaking proved a great success ; for many of the guests could identify the scenes that had been familiar to them in childhod and youth and some even recognized their birth- places as the views were thrown on the screen. The author afterward worked the report up into a lecture on Valdris, and showed the views in most of the so-called "Valdris set- tlements" of the Northwest and to numerous audiences be- sides who had no particular previous knowledge of Valdris. Besides the chagrin of a large number who were disap- pointed because the attendance was too great for the capa- city of the hall it seems fair to note an incident of this gjestebjz^ that could not but affect the officers of the Sam- band unpleasantly. The association of Norwegian lan- guage papers held a largely attended meeting in Minneapolis immediately before the stevne. They sent to the banquet lie THE VALDRIS BOOK committee a representative asking whether they would not be given complimentaries to the banquet. He stated that it would require about forty tickets to accommodate the delegates and their ladies. There were then so many places spoken for that so many tickets could not be given, nor even any given, without crowding out many who had se- cured places. The complimentaries could not be provided, and the incident was naturally a distressing one to those who must refuse what the members of the meeting had had thought proper to expect. The open air stevne proper in Como Park the next day proved something of a disappointment because of unpropi- tious weather. It rained more or less all day and it was cool, damp, and disagreeable. But despite the rain, up- wards of three hundred were gathered in the large pavilion by two o'clock, when the meeting was called. The routine business was dispatched, and Rev. O. L. Kirkeberg deliver- ed a carefully prepared address, and an informal speech was made by Lieut. N. I. Gilbert. Mr. Lajord, who was chair- man of the committee on entertainment, had arranged with the ladies's society of the church of his affiliation to sell refreshments in the pavilion, as had been done at last year's stevne. But owing to the inclemency of the weather the women did not think there would be much, if anything, of a meeting. They did not even send word and of course there were no refreshments to be obtained, and there was consequent hardship for the people in attendance. Mr. La- jord felt so certain that no one would come out to the park, that even he did not go, but entertained a number of disap- pointed Valdrises at his home in the city instead. VALDRIS HELSING. After the 1903 stevne the president and secretary con- sidered the advisability of issuing a periodical of some kind for the Samband, which might contain such matters as, in accord with articles 8 and 9 of the constitution, should be distributed to members, and any special matter that it THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 117 would be desirable to publish from time to time, besides serving as an "organ" of the Samband. The plan, sub- mitted to the members of the Styre who promptly approved it, contemplated the publication of a small quarterly. The first issue, dated December, 1903, was mailed to the mem- bers on the 30th of that month. It consisted of 32 pages and cover 51/^ by 4 inches, 31 lines of 3 inches length to the HAROLD THORSON page, and was about as unpretentious a periodical as could well be designed. The subscription price was 25 cents a year; but it was to go to the members in consideration of the annual dues of that amount. This first issue contained the minutes of the stevne in September, the reports of the officers, the addresses deliv- red at the meeting, and a few pages of other matter. The 118 THE VALDRIS BOOK little quarterly was received with delight by the members and with goodwill by many outside. And it proved a good medium of communication between the Board and members, and served to promote the aims of the society quite as well as had been hoped for it. With the beginning of its third year it was enlarged to 48 pages the issue, and the price increased to 50 cents, the membership dues being at the same time raised to an equal sum. Later the page was lengthned by inserting leads between lines and the make- up improved in appearance. It came out regularly every quarter under the editorship of the president and secre- tary, until it was in 1910 expanded into a monthly under the name Samband. The thirty numbers of the Helsing embrace 1280 pages of matter, which is mostly of perman- ent historical value and of course constitutes the main source of the history of the Valdrisstevne movement dur- ing its first eleven years. When at length other bygde-people took up the move- ment successfully and the Telemarkings and the Hallings, in emulation of the Valdrises, in 1907 organized societies, they emulated them also in beginning publications of similar character, design, and even size, the Halling-Minne start- ing in 1908 and Telesoga in 1909. The steady growth of a loyal membership of the Val- dris Samband and the maintenance and increase of interest in its activity is no doubt largely owing to the little quarter- ly Helsing, which word means "greeting". For, the stevne movement was confined to the Valdrises for a good many years; and in that time it neither received nor was sus- tained by any such impetus as either co-operation might have nourished or rivalry might have inspired, had there been any similar activity among other bygde-groups. The meetings of the Valdris Samband brought out gath- erings that outnumbered the formal membership many times over. Very many of these were Valdrises who never actually affiliated themselves with the society but never- theless both by word and deed joined in the movement, and THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 119 who derived as much enjoyment from it as the members. But perhaps outnumbering all the Valdrises taking part, were others of Norwegian origin who came to the Valdris meetings, because these were the only gatherings held which were primarily reminiscent of the land of their nativ- ity or ancestry. All such were of course most cordially wel- comed and every efifort was made to have them feel at home with the Valdrises. The Styre in its call of the meetings regularly included an invitation to "all friends of the Val- drises" to share in their reunions. LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS. (CHAPTERS). The Ninth article of the constitution expresses the pur- pose of the Samband to encourage the organization of local societies, "Samlags," with aims similar to those of the Sam- band. Such an organization was effected in St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 8, 1903 and took the name, St. Paul Valdris Samlag. Its first meeting was an undoubted success. There were fourteen charter members, and the officers elected were Chr. Brandt, President; J. J. Lomen, Vice-president; Tor- geir Hoverstad, Secretary. But the society seems never to have been called together after its organization. Through the efforts of Professor John Dahle, during a visit at Grafton N. Dak., a Grafton Valdris Samlag was or- ganized at a local reunion of Valdrises on Dec. 29, 1903, with 30 charter members. G. N. GuUiksen (Rovang) was elected president. How many meetings the Grafton chapter held and how long it maintained its activity is not known to the writer. The Valdrises of Millet, Alberta, Canada, and vicinity have had several reunions, the first being that of 1908. Mr. T. K. Jevne seems to have been the leading spirit in that local move- ment. The most vigorous of the local organizations has doubt- less been that at Manfred, N. Dak. where the Valdrises of that town and vicinity and the nearest towns like Fessen- den and Harvey, have been meeting regularly for a dozen 120 THE VALDRIS BOOK years at Manfred. Mr. Thorstein Roble has been a leading worker and has served as president and chairman of the managing committees. The large Valdris community of Pope County, Minne- sota, organized a Pope County Valdrislag in September, 1914. In such a large Valdris community, where they boast BENDIX HOLDAHL that there are more Valdrises "than in any other county," the meetings have been large and successful. There is probably no place more properly called a cen- ter for Valdrises than the large Twin Cities of Minnesota. It was there that the stevne-movement had its inception and all the general Valdris reunions but one, have met THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 121 there. But the career, or rather lack of career, of the St. Paul Valdris Samlag, is typical of the outcome of efforts to keep any permanent organization going in either city or in both together, unless the lately organized Valders Samlag of Minneapolis and St. Paul should prove enduring. The Valdrises there have had successful picnics and meetings from time to time, but all attempts at organizing, or keep- ing an organization up when one has been attempted, have proved unavailing. This may be due to a total absence PICNIC TABLE IN COMO PARK of anything like clan feeling among Valdrises, which the writer in his long and extensive intercourse with his bygde- kinsfolk has never found to exist as a matter of fact out- side of good-natured banter and the pleasantries attending the reunions. Then, too, old-country friends and neighbors residing in the cities are not so far separated but that they can meet often enough, and in the ordinary comings and goings they do meet often enough, to satisfy the prompt- ings of the old fellowship. And the General Valdrisstevner, 122 THE VALDRIS BOOK it must be remembered, have served to bring these local bygde-people together not among themselves merely but in the larger annual reuniting of the whole bygde-contin- gent of the country in these meets. In these considerations may He the true reason for indifferent success of the local Samlag (or Chapter) idea which the founders of the Val- dris Samband hoped would support and strengthen the general movement. EXPANSION OF THE STEVNE IDEA. The first stevne was a simple affair of an afternoon, so was the second and the third. But the fourth was expand- ed so as to include the evening, by the introduction of the gjesteb^. And again the fifth marked a further develop- ment by taking the preceding Saturday evening for the banquet. This was but a necessary step ; for Sunday was not a day suited to the preparation of a banquet The ex- pansion into the two days facilitated further extensions. The Saturday afternoon came to be utilized for the real beginning of the informal meeting or visiting, in the ante- rooms and lobbies of the banqueting hall, and as might be expected, this Saturday visiting after some meetings came to begin in the forenoon. So, too, the Sunday part of the af- fairs, originally beginning along about the middle of the after- ternon, gradually came to include much of the forenoon ; for such visitors as arrived on Sunday trains for participa- tion in the meeting, would come directly from the trains to the park, and by nine or ten on fine days, there would al- ready be on the ground a goodly number of greeting, visit- ing strangers. And the different parts of the expanded affairs became more fully distinct and organized functions. After having found Dania Hall too small for the gjes- teb0 the next banquet was conducted by a St. Paul commit- tee in Mozart Hall, in 1904. But the following year Nor- manna Hall, 3rd St, and 12th Ave., Minneapolis, with its greater space, was used. And here were served the ban- quets each year until the hall was partly destroyed by fire THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 123 in 1909. That year the committee on entertainment found accommodations in the large hall of the Ark Lodge, on First Ave. and Thirty-first St. There the Valdrisgjestebj^ was set year after year until 1915, the last of the reunions in MinneapoHs. Originally the short business session was held immediately on calling the meeting to order in the af- ternoon in the park, and the speaking and other formal por- tion of the program would follow But after the Ark Audi- A. M. SUNDHEIM, SECRETARY torium became the meeting place the business session was held there, in the basement, on the afternoon preceding *-he banquet. And the further change was made of having the oration given as part of the after-dinner program in the evening. And the park meeting on Sunday became more of a day of an informal outing with more time for the visiting and picnicking, though addresses were usually given at some time in the afternoon. After the banquets came to be given regularly in Minne- 124 THE VALDRIS BOOK apolis the same committee on entertainment has had charge from year to year, and by continued working together and in consequence of the experience gained, this commiUec came to work like the smoothest moving clockwork. The banquets set in the fine auditorium of the Ark Lodge were perfect in the arrangement and conduct. It is no vaii' boast to assert that no functions of their kind ever ex- celled the Valdrisgjesteb^er managed by this committee. Mr. M. A. Weblen who served as chairman, with A. M. Sundheim, O. A. Hain, Ole Rood, were the original m.em- bers and were joined later by others. But doubtless the major part of the credit for the signal success, is owing to the wives of these men; for it was they that put all the re- finements into concrete form. The Secretaries : — Reference to the "Chronicles" will show that Dr. J. S. Johnson gave up the place of secre- tary to Mr. Sundheim in 1906, held it again afterward a year, but retired finally in 1910, since which time Mr. Sund- heim has served continuously. The credit due Dr. John- son for his untiring and efficient work during the forma- tive period of the Samband can hardly be overestimated or overstated. The repeated reelection of Mr. Sundheim to the office is the Samband's concrete testimonial to his business-like, faithful service. The History Committee: — At the business session of the ninth stevne, 1907, Lieut. N. L Gilbert proposed tliat a committee be named to co-operate with the Sty re mi the matter of gathering historical and biographic data of Hie Valdrises in America, and suggested that it bv= com- posed of one representative of each of the six parishes of Valdris. The plan was adopted by the meeting, and the committee as finally constituted included. Nils I. Gilbert, from East Slidre, chairman. C. J. Heen, from Vang. Ole T. Hamre, from West Slidre. Simon Lee, from Etnedalen. THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 125 Sam Thompson, from North Aurdal. Andrew Anderson, from South Aurdal. This committee sent out a large number of the bio- LIEUT. NILS I. GILBERT Chairman, History Committee graphic blanks of the Samband and wrote a large number of letters. Though a number of the blanks were filled out and returned, and form a considerable part of the biographic 126 THE VALDRIS BOOK material in the archives, the experience of this committee, as well as of the president and others who have busied themselves in collecting data of our members, indicates that very little of any value can be secured except by personally questioning those from whom the information is sought. After a brave effort on the part of the chairman and mem- bers of his committee they ceased their activity, having ac- complished all that seemed possible without the command of funds which the Samband lacked and could not supply. Parish Tags. — It was often difficult for old friends to find one another in the throng at a stevne. The changes wrought by decades of separation might entirely conceal the identity of the friend looked for, even if he was known to be present. And there were cases of former neighbors, and kinsmen, having been present at the same stevne, and finding out to their chagrin afterward that they had failed to meet because neither had recognized the other. In- stances of such difficulties having come to the notice of Mr. Ole Jorgens, he appealed to the committee to devise some way of overcoming the trouble. The plan worked out by the Styre consisted of providing cardboard tags, of a different color for each parish, to be worn by those attend- ing, with the wearer's name and address written on his tag. These parish tags were cut two and a half inches square. A hole was punched near one corner in such a way that the badge could be suspended from an ordinary pin through the hole, and the name was written along the horizontal diagonal. The tag for Vang parish might be white and have the name VANG printed in bold type in the upper part. That for West Slidre might be blue with the parish name upon it, etc. The device proved a genuine success, and has been in use ever since its introduction at the 1908 stevne. SALARY PROVIDED FOR THE PRESIDENT. The writer had been kept continuously in the office of president of the Samband since its organization by reelec- tion from year to year. The work connected with the office THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 127 had a tendency to increase, and in particular, editing and looking after the publication of the Helsing, took a good deal of his time which he could ill spare from his personal affairs without neglecting them. He therefore had let his colleagues of the Styre know that he would decline a reelec- tion if offered, at the 1909 stevne. Members of the Styre and a few others, who took special interest in the aft'airs of the Samband, then met in St. Paul on the day before the date of the stevne and deliberated on some action. They decided to head a movement to raise money to pay the president a salary, for the ensuing year if he would continue to serve, as president and editor. And starting a subscrip- tion for this purpose, they secured during the stevne and later by mail, a sum to which the Samband added some funds in its treasury, to make up compensation to him for the time to be spent in continuing to serve for the year 1909-10. Under the circumstances he could hardly do otherwise than accept this practical approval of his past work, although he was well aware that by so doing he virtually obligated himself to continue to serve as long as he might be able to fulfill future mandates of the society. THE MAGAZINE "SAMBAND." To the 1910. stevne the president submitted a report on the society's publication, Valdris Helsing. This had then continued to appear regularly every quarter for seven years. And it did not seem likely that the list of subscribers, i. e. members, could be much further increased among the limit- ed number of people to whom it specially appealed ; but rather that in this restricted field there was small hope, that beyond barely paying the cost of publication, there would be left any balance to pay any one for time spent on getting it out. Mention was made of a suggestion that had been offered both by members and by outsiders, that an or- gan for the whole bygdelag movement might count on so much larger circulation as to insure its financial success. A short discussion terminated in a vote authorizing the ex- 128 THE VALDRIS BOOK pansion of the quarterly, Helsing, into a monthly, at an in- creased subscription price, and offering the use of the pub- lication to the sister organizations, the bygdelags, as an or- gan for the whole movement. At the same time it was de- cided that the name should be changed to SAMBAND. In Order to furnish the needed financial support of Sam- OLE A. MAIN Secretary Samband Publ. Ass'n. band until the hoped for increased circulation might render it self-supporting, a number of members subscribed money, in varying amounts, toward a Salary Fund (for the com- pensation of the editor). To simplify the conduct of the publication these men formed the Samband Publishing As- sociation, with the president of the Valdris Samband as president and editor and O. A. Hain secretary and treas- THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 129 urer. Harold Thorson and Bendix Holdahl contributed a good half of the fund. The remainder was made up by Ed- ward Nelson, O. A Veblen, Ole Rood, M. A. Weblen, T. A. Hoverstad, Dr. Nils Remmen, H. A. Bjorgo, O. S. Hedahl, Dr. J. S. Johnson, M. A. Lukken, and T. O. Roble. . The first issue of Samband was that of November, 1910. Being a continuation of Valdris Helsing, of which thirty- numbers had been published, this issue of Samband was given the number 31. Beginning with a thousand on its list in 1910, the magazine gained steadily until at the out- break of the World War, in 1914, it was mailed to 1450 ad- dresses. From this time forward it held its own, but slight- ly declined in number of subscribers after our country en- tered the war. Owing to the constantly increasing cost of publication and the increasing difficulty of retaining old subscribers and the greater difficulty of replacing with new ones those that ceased from various causes, the publish- ing of Samband became more and more a matter of sacrifice on the part of the manager and editor, until in November, 1917, when seven volumes had been completed, he found himself compelled to suspend the publication. It is true that no little amount of money was spent in support of the Helsing and Samband, and a great deal of time and effort were sacrificed by the editor, and by the many contributors who wrote all that these periodicals contained without getting any compensation. And yet, to have published them must be considered an achievment of the Valdris Samband that it has been well worth while to carry through, and which will ever stand as a fine monu- ment to its activity. The seven years of the Helsing left 1280 pages. The seven volumes of Samband contain 4538 pages altogether. A very small portion of all this has been selected from other sources, but almost the entire total of 58^8 pages is original matter, produced especially for these publications. Nearly one half, 2700 pages, is American pioneer history that has been most carefully gathered, com- piled, and written. As for the other half, there is indeed 130 THE VALDRIS BOOK very little of it which is not of lasting value and which will not be worth searching by students in time to come. If the Valdris Samband had nothing else than the files of these two publications to show for all its efforts, this would of itself fully justify the bygdelag activity of the Valdrises in the twenty one years since their first stevne. THE SAMBAND AND THE 1914 CELEBRATION. The Samband continued to enjoy successful activity through the years till the centenary of Norway's constitu- tion was celebrated under the auspices of the bygdelags in 1914. The banquets were models of functions of that kind, and the open air meetings in Como Park continued to claim the interest with which they had always been regarded. Through its representative in the annual councils of the bygdelags the Samband played a helpful and honorable part. When the time of the celebration was approaching and the festival committee was seeking funds for its enter- prise, the Samband was one of the sixteen lags that con- tributed cash guarantees as part of the expense fund of the committee, and through some of its generous members furnished a sum of $728. which was several times the amount paid in by other lags, except the Telelag, which in a similar manner advanced a much larger sum. During the two or three months just before the festival, the Val- drises resident in the Twin Cities held several large meet- ings by means of which much aid and encouragement were afforded the general 17th of May committee And to the appeal of this committee for general participation in the loan exhibition of the celebration, the Samband member- ship, as the writer had the best possible means of knowing, made a more extensive display than any other single lag, and in the collection of photographs of homes, farms, per- sons, etc., the Samband far outnumbered the other lags. This loyal support given the general committee on this occasion by his fellow lagsmen was of course very gratify- ing to its chairman. THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 131 The Samband meeting on May 16, 1914, which took place simultaneously with the meetings of all the lags that time, was held in the west half of the Dairy Building on the State Fair ground. That year the most of the leading men of the Hallinglag were in Norway participating in the festivities there, and the president of the Hallings entrusted THE STYRE, 1914 Ole Rood. M. A. Weblen. O, A. Hain A. M. Sundheim. A. A. Veblen. A. H. Gjevre the Styre of the Samband with the matter of securing a meeting place for his lag. This the Valdrises did in most brotherly fashion, by obtaining for it the other half of the Dairy Building, an exact duplicate of their own quarters. And they provided flags for display on the Hailing side of the building just as for their own, and provided a legend 132 THE VALDRIS BOOK or sign over their entrance which was an exact counter- part of that over their own door. This little incident is re- corded here because it is typical of the hospitable practice of the Samband in all its relations with its younger sisters of the bygdelag family. THE VALDRISGAVE. In addition to transacting the usual routine business of the annual stevne, this meeting of May 16, 1914, deliber- ated upon the question whether the Samband should, as a number of the lags had done or were doing, raise a fund to be presented to the old home bygds as a memorial gift from Valdrises in America. The decision of the meeting was to the effect that such a gift fund should be solicit- ed, and the president w^as directed to name one member from each of the six parishes, or Herreder, of Valdris, to constitute the committee in charge of the work, himself to be chairman of the committee as a seventh member. An extra or special stevne was held the following September, and at that meeting rules for the memorial gift, or "Val- drisgave" were adopted and the organization of the com- mittee was completed. Its membership and the regulations adopted are here given : From North Aurdal, A. M. Sundheim, Treasurer; from West Slidre, I. O. Hovey, Secretary ; from S. Aurdal, L. C. Goplerud ; from Etnedalen, Johannes Anderson ; from East Slidre, T. O. Roble ; from Vang, C. J. Heen ; Member at large and chairman, A. A. Veblen. The regulations provide: l.That the collection is to be so conducted that the contributions to each parish in Val- dris shall be kept separate, each donor deciding to which parish his contribution is to be credited. 2. That each contributor state to what object he wishes his gift applied. 3. That the amounts collected are to be transmitted to the different parishes (or herreder), to constitute a per- THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 133 manent fund. The Herredstyre shall administer the funds and apply the income therefrom in their discretion, but shall duly consider the expressed wish of the donors. The war in Europe after a while began to affect the times here in such a way as to make the raising of the Valdrisgave fund more and more difficult, and after our county's entry into the struggle the soliciting of con- tributions ceased. With the sum of about five thousand dollars which had been collected, the committee bought Liberty bonds, which were held by the committee until the fall of 1919, when the fund was placed on deposit in a bank in Christiania, to await the mandate of the stevne in 1920 as to the final action in the matter. Of course it is understood that during the war, conditions were such as to preclude final disposal of the gift according to the plans as first conceived. The Glenwood Stevne. — Up to the year 1916 the Valdris reunions had all/ been held in the Twin Cities. The other bygdelags have pursued a policy of holding their meetings in different places of the Northwest, accepting in- vitations from centers where their people could afford good local assistance in the preparations and help to entertain the large numbers attending. Having in 1916 received a very cordial invitation from the strong local Samlag, the Pope County Valdrislag, to hold the annual meeting at Glenwood, Minn, the Styre decided to depart from the long established practice of convening the stevne at the Twin Cities, and accepted the Glenwood invitation. Many bygde- lag meetings had been held at Glenwood and the facilities for taking care of such affairs were known to be good. But the meeting of the Samband there on June 22 and 23 seem- ed to tax the capacity of the place to the limit. In order to be sure of sufficiently abundant appointments for the Val- drisgjesteb0, the committee bought a supply of dishes and tableware to supplement what could be obtained at home, and the preparations were all on a scale hardly equalled previously. Of course the meeting was taken care of very 134 THE VALDRIS BOOK well, but the event proved that the extra efforts made were fully needed. For the Gjesteh^ in the pavilion by the lake, Minnewaska, plates had been laid for considerably more than six hundred guests. All places were filled, and some had to wait for a second setting. Professor Dahle officiated in his usual ca- pacity of toastmaster, and the affair was in all respects up to the traditional standard set by the long line of Valdris banquets. The two day stevne was very successful, which was of course in large measure owing to the participation of hundreds of Valdrises residing in the tributary district in the vicinity. But it is no disparagement of Glenwood hospitality to say that for affairs of such magnitude as a national Valdrisstevne usually proves to be, such a popu- lous center as Minneapolis is better equipped to act as host. THE SAMBAND AND THE WAR. At a meeting of the Executive Board in 1917 it was de- cided to omit the usual annual stevne for the year because of the country's participation in the World War. The use of the funds of the Valdrisgave in buying Liberty bonds has been mentioned, and the Valdrises, generally, were ab- sorbed in such patriotic endeavor as good citizens joined in furthering. So, as the critical times only deepened in seriousness, the Styre early in 1918 announced that the stevne for that year also would be omitted, and all Sam- band activity was held in abeyance, awaiting the return of peace. The president of the Samband had in 1917 removed his residence to a distant part of the country, and it is a source of regret to him that his participation with the Styre, in the management of Samband matters, has necessarily been limited to the cumbersome method of correspondence at a great distance away and has been less helpful than he wished it might be. For the year 1919 the Styre did not come to an agree- ment regarding convening a meeting of the Samband ; but the local Samlag of Valdrises of the twin cities, arranged THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 135 a stevne in Minneapolis in September, which to some ex- tent assumed the nature of a general stevne and was at- tended by many of those who usually come to the regular Samband meetings. The president, with evidently full approval of the mem- bership of the Samband, has been making efiforts toward compiling a list of the young people of Valdris lineage who entered the country's service in the war. The result of his work in this regard is embodied in the list of Valdris service people forming one of the chapters of this book. A large number of members and other Valdrises have very kindly assisted in this movement which aims to do some little honor to the men and women that answered the call of duty. While some of the lags have been carrying on their ac- tivities during the war, doing "business as usual," and hold- ing meetings annually, a majority of the lags have sus- pended their activity, at least omitting their meetings while the country was at war. The Executive Board of the Valdris Samband have from patriotic considerations decided that it was right to suspend the ordinary activity of the society until peace should be established. In this they have been loyally upheld by the membership in gen- eral. No utterance of disapproval of their course has been heard. It is hoped that the Stevne called to meet in Minne- apolis on June 18th, 1920, will mark the resumption of an activity of no less usefulness and no smaller honor than has distinguished the kinship movement of the Valdrises since their first stevne twenty-one years ago. Chapter IV. THE MEMBERS OF THE VALDRIS SAMBAND The List of Members is intended to include all who have identified tliemselves with the Valdris Samband. After the first year of the organization, that is since the publication of the Helsing began, the process of becom- ing a member included becoming a subscriber to the paper. The act of subscribing was what brought one into touch with the Samband, and at the same time it made him a member if he was eligible, which he was of course if of Valdris nativity or descent or married to a Valdris. It happened in rare instances that a super-conscientious Val- dris would not wish to assume the responsibilities of mem- bership, while he would like to receive the Helsing. In such cases the name would go on the list of "subscribers," which contained the names of such as were ineligible (or unwilling) to be members but wished to read and support the paper. But it grew to be the practice and rule that a Valdris who paid for the Helsing expected to be regarded a member and such a one was invariably so enrolled. When the expansion of the Helsing into Samband took place, the same rule and practice continued to prevail. The number of non- Valdris subscribers after that time became much larger, of course ; but the standing of those eligible to member- ship was not placed on a different basis by the change in the name and aims of the organ of the society. It is a provision of the' laws of the Samband that members should be asked to file a personal and family rec- ord, and for approximately one third of the members such records have been furnished upon the blank provided for that purpose. From the remaining two thirds no records have been obtained, except in so far as their eligibility has THE MEMBERS OF THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 137 in some manner been ascertained. Among all those that subscribed were many of whom nothing was known as to their eligibility to membership ; such are of course not counted in the following list. If it includes any but such as of right belong there, because of their Valdris connection the errors are due to misinformation and are believed to be very few. The compiler of the list has reason to fear that not a few may be disappointed because their names do not appear upon it. He refers here to a number of persons who often, even regularly, came to the meetings, participated in the banquets and the other functions of the reunions, but never paid any dues nor even subscribed to the paper. It often came to his knowledge that these men were enthusiastic Valdrises, who spoke approvingly of "our" lag, "our" gjestebjz!, and "our paper" (though not even being sub- scribers). It is not improbable that some, at least, con- sidered themselves virtually, if not in fact, as being mem- bers, and looked on such a formality as entering one's name "on a list" or subscribing to a paper, as a really unessen- tial detail. To them the great, outstanding fact was that they were Valdrises and approved of the Samband and spent of their time and money to come to the reunions. If it were not for the really serious element in this situation, this matter would not be mentioned here; but it is a fact that in the whole bygdelag movement, the same loose and informal relations of bygde-people to the lags has played a much larger part than the uninitiated will readily believe. Not Valdrises alone, but those from other districts have the same tendency to regard their connection with a lag a matter of fraternal sentiment and taken-for-granted loyalty, that needs not the seal of formality to attest it. An incident that goes to show how the financial support of such an organization as a bygdelag is looked on as a trivial detail, received a good deal of airing in the press a few years since. The secretary of one of the lags, believ- ing that while doing the work of his office at the sacrifice 138 THE VALDRIS BOOK of much valuable time he should be reimbursed for at least some of the money outlays that he had met, took steps to collect fees and subscriptions long past due. For this a storm of censure rained down upon his devoted head. The attempt to "collect a few paltry dollars for his bygde-so- ciety" was characterized as a "blow in the face of every one in this whole country" from that bygde-district. It is seen that it was thought an offense against such as had failed to meet the obligations of membership as well as an affront to all those that were qualified to be members but were do- ing nothing further than just feeling interested. The biographic blank upon which members have been asked to record their family data, contains 28 questions to be answered. A number of these blanks, now in the ar- chives, have been fully and minutely filled out ; others only partly so, and some very indifferently. Summaries made out from the information thus available accompany the names in the membership list. The data thus sumrnarized are such as the time of immigration, name of husband or wife, and the names of parents and grandparents, and where they came from and the name of the farm or gaard. Where such a summary does not accompany a name the reason is that the information is not a matter of record in the Sam- band archives. Such other details included in the 28 ques- tions as the dates of birth and marriage, names of the chil- dren, brothers and sisters, church affiliation, and some oth- er facts that are told in the filled out blanks, which are in the archives, did not seem such matters of public concern as to require their publication in this connection. But the data included in the summaries are such as should help in iden- tifying or establishing the family connection of the mem- ber, which the compiler of the list regarded as the chief ob- ject to be furthered. Mainly through the activity of the History Committee of 1907, '08, and '09 some ninety "biographies" of others than members were collected. These have been summar- ized in the same manner, but an asterisk (*) has been plac- THE MEMBERS OF THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 139 ed before each name to distinguish it from those of the members. THE MEMBERSHIP LIST. The Contractions emplo3^ed for the saving of space are such as to be easily understood. The dates imme- diately following the address give/ the duration of mem- bership, as 04-09 means 1904 to 1909. Am 78, came to America 1878. Fa, Mo,- Par, S o, D o, Md, Bro, mean fath- er, mother, parents, son of, daughter of, married, brother. An asterisk (*) after a name, means refer to that name. And, as explained, an asterisk (*) before a name means, nof a member. ( ?) indicates doubt about the information in regard the person named. Such abbreviations as E. Slidre, for East Slidre, etc., w^ill be understood without any spe- cial explanation. Addresses are those latest given or ascer- tained. Anders Aaberg Canton S D 1908-12. *Anders A Aaberg (Revlingseie) Am 76. Md Ragnild Bjorgoeie. Fa Anders G Landmark. Mo Olea 0ste- gaard. Prof Arne O Aaberg Glenwood Minn 04-09. Fa Ole An- derson Aaberg* Mo Guri Knudsd Dokken. Ed Univ of Minn. Principal Glenwood Academy — Died March 8, 1909. Engebret E Aaberg Lakeview Wash 02 — Am 78. Md Anne T Roto. Fa Engebret s o Ole Olsen & Kari Rus- ten. Mo Astri d o Tidemand T & Anne Nilsebraaten. Ed Augsburg Sem & Willmar. H K Aaberg Stanton Nebr 04 — *Knud K Aaberg Starbuck Minn Am 86. Md Joren Thar- aldson. Fa Knud S Astribraaten s o Syver & Sigri Bren- den. Mo Ingri d o Amund & Anne Brattebraaten. *Knud S Aaberg Manitowoc Wis Am 48. Md. Marit Throndsd Dokken, Rj?rstad Glenwood Minn 08-13. Md Ragnhild Landsrud. Fa Harald s o Ole Eriksen Dsehle & Marit Eriksd Revling. Mo Guri d o Thrond Bjz^rselien & Kari Lie — Dead. *Harald Kj^rstad Glenwood Minn Am 67. Md Anne Thoresd Dahl. Md 2d Guri Throndsd Lien. Fa Ole s o Erik Tidemandsen & Inge Haraldsd. Mo Marit d o Erik Ulriksen Revling. Ole H Kj^rstad Nobleton Wis 07-10. S o Harald Kj^r- stad*. Knut Ostenson Kjjzis Milwaukee Soldiers Home 02-16 Am 62. Fa psten Knudsen ^vre Kjjzis. Mo Marit d o Tos- ten Roine. Civ war vet. Nils Kj^s Fessenden N D 11-13. Rev Torgeir Kjjzis Camrose Alberta 07 — Bro K O Kjj^s*. E Klemesrud Crookston Minn 05-15 Am 93. Md Marit Midtre Lie. S o Erik H Klemesrud & Kari O. Harald K Klemesrud Nora Springs la 02 — S o Knud H K*. Herman K Klemesrud Nora Springs la 03 — S o Knud H K*. Herman S Klemesrud Nora Springs la 04 — Am 82. Md Inger Maria K Rustad, Hedalen. Fa Syver s o Herman S B^n, Reinli &. Kari K Kammen. Mo Gjertrud d o Anders Lien, Reinli & Anne Syversd, Reinli. Knud H Klemesrud Nora Springs la 03 — Am 66. Md Liv Haraldsd Grove Fa Herman s o Syver Hermanson Klemesrud fr B0n, Reinli & Guri Olmhus Mo Kari d o Knud Knudsen Kammen. Martin K Klemesrud McVille N D 06— S o Knud H K*. Iver Kleven Klevenville Wis 03-15. Knut Kleven Mt Horeb Wis 08-12. Ole Kleven Minot N D 14-16. S B Klevgaard East Grand Forks Minn 09-12. Arne Knutson Mapleton Minn 04-10. Arne Knutson Pinecreek Minn 03 — Am 81. Md Gjer- trud Anderson. Fa Knut Ruse so o Arne & Kari Rom. Mo Anna d o Arne & Kari Nysven, Etnedalen. THE MEMBERS OF THE VAT.DRIS SAMBAND 181 E Knudson Minneapolis 09-13. *Gulbrand Knudtson Starbuck Minn Am 72. Md Maria Engebretsd Bakken. Fa Knud (Husmand to 0vre Garli) s o Ole Knudsen Sletten & Anne. Mo Ingeborg d o Erik Gulbrandsen Massestuen & Marit Bj^rnsd. Halvor Knutson Valders Wis 10-17 — Dead. Henry Knudson Michigan N D 10 — *Henry Knudson Heron Lake Minn. S o Knud Christen- sen Klevgaard (Am name Knud Christy) & Anne Hen- driksd Fuglien, N Aurdal. Johan Knudson Minneota Minn 16-17. Knut Knutson Benson Minn 16 — Am 72. Fa Knud s o Knud Pedersen Aaberg & Guro Enersd. Mo Marit d o Gulik Sundem & Ragne Hippe. Mem Legislature. Ole Knutson Forestville Wis 16 — Ole Knutson Fargo N D 13-16. Peder Knutson Valders Wis 14 — Sven Knutson (0degaard) Clear Lake la 12 — Thomas Knutson Minneapolis 09-15 Md Emma Navrud, Reinli. S o Knut Knutsen Guldhaug. Thord Knudson Homestead N D 09-13. S o Knud Eikro near Stende, Ulnesbygd. Tidemand Knutson Blue Mounds Wis 13-17. Andrew Kolden Petersburg Nebr 07-15. Filing Kolstad Cannon Falls Minn 04-15. Knut Kolstad Brill Wis 09-11. Knud A Kolstad St Hilaire Minn 04— Am 86. Fa Anders Kolstad-braaten s o Ole Anderson Melbyeiet & Ragnild Pedersd. Mo Helleborg d o Ole Bendiksen Hovi (or • Grobakken) & Kjirsti Jurunsd. Peter A Kolstad St Hilaire Minn 04-15 Am 86. Kolstad- braaten — Dead. Ole A Komprud Dennison Minn 03 — Am 64. Md Emilie Louise. Fa Anders Olsen Komprud fr Land. Mo Kari d o Tosten Lockrom & Kari. O O Kongslien Rhinelander Wis 02-13. T O Kongslien Rhinelander Wis 02-16. 182 THE VALDRIS BOOK H H Korstad Brookings S D 03-12. Timan G Kulterstad Minneapolis 04-13. Bertha Kvale Minneapolis 02-10. Gullik E Kvale Bawlf Alberta 04— Ingeborg Kvale Northfield 02-12. Nils Olsen Kvale Minneapolis 02 — Nils Olson Kvale Tolley N D 08-16 Am 01. Fa Ole s o Jul Kvale & Gjertrud Bjelbj^le. Mo Gro d o Nils G Sjzigaarden & Sissel T Alvstad. Rev O J Kvale Benson Minn 03 — Md Ida Tonetta Simley. 5 o Juul Kvale & Gro Egge. Ed Luther Coll. Thorstein T Kvale Rudell Minn 02-16. R O Kvernen Portland N D 09— E L Kvernstuen Dalton Minn 10 — Andrew Kvien Fosston Minn 04-15. Bro Austin Kvien* — Dead. Anders K Kvien Pinecreek Minn 06 — Am 87. Md Gurine Gjenstad, b. Kvismoen. Fa Knut s o Anders Veblen & Marit. Mo Sigri d o Ole A TjzJrstad & Sigrid. Austin Kvien Woodlake Calif 02 — Am 86. Md Bertha Lajord. pystein. Fa Knut s o Anders 0stensen Kvien 6 Ragnhild Knutsd. Mo Marit d o Torstein Tidemand- sen R^ine & Sigrid. Ole K Kvien Montevideo Minn 03-10. Bro Austin Kvien*. Lage Lageson Maddock N D 10— Am 83. Md Mathilda M Arne. Fa Iver Brenden s o Lage Iversen Braaten & Anne Hendriksd Brenden. Mo Rangdi d o Anders Gulbrandsen & Siri Knudsd. Mrs Maren Lajord Minneapolis 06 — Md Thomas Lajord. D o Thrond Kattevold. Thomas Lajord Minneapolis 03-06 Am 70. Md Maren Throndsd Kattevold. Fa Thorstein s o Thorstein La- jord & Guri Simensd Sjztine. Mo Ingeborg d o Thomas Madsen Nertrost & Berith Thune. Ed Hamar Sem — Died 1906. Nils Landmark Hancock Minn 13 — THE MEMBERS OP THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 183 T O Landmark Michigan N D 10— Am 83. S o Ole Thom- assen Landmark & Ingri P Moen. A E Landsrud Albert Lea Minn 02-10. Austin Landsrud Grand Forks N D 05-13. M E Landsrud Emmons Minn 02-16. *Torger E Landsrud Decorah la Am 56. Md Ambjj^r Rovang. S o Endre Landsrud. Halvor Larson Toronto S D 04-16. Hans Larson Brandon S D 13 — ■ L L Larson Cashton Wis 10-17. O P Larson Whitehall Wis 10-12. W A Larson Hills Minn 02-09. Mrs A D Lawrence Chicago 10-14. Anne Iversd Lockrom —Dead. Abraham Lee Morris Minn 16 — Andris B Lee Farwell Minn 02 — A K Lee Berwick N U 06-13— Dead. Bro Knut K Lee*. Mrs C K Lee Mcintosh Minn 05-08 Am 83. Md Charley Lee. Inger d o Erik T Wold Bergene, Hedalen & Nico- line Nilsd Neraasen. Erik Lee Barron Wis 12-14. Erik E Lee Elbow Lake Minn 06 — Bro Knut K Lee*. Even C Lee Faribault Minn 08-15 Am 88. S o Christian Lie & Thora Evensd. Gullik A Lee Cresco la 02-13 Am Id. Md Marit Olsd Nor- sving. Fa Anders s o Tosten Nilsen Lien & Guri Gul- brandsd. Mo Ragnild d o Tosten Tostensen Haugen & Guri — Dead. Halvor A Lee Minneapolis 03-14. Bro A L Lien Civ war vet — Dead. Henry O Lee Minneapolis 03-16. Mrs Ida Lee Lake Mills la 04-10. Ivar A Lee Nielsville Minn 10 — Am 80. Md Karen Syv- ersd. S o Anders O (S^ndre) Lie, Hedalen, Knudt Lee Wannaska Minn 05-16. Md Anna Mortenson. Fa Erik Lie, Liabygdeie, S Aurdal s o Knudt Lee & Kari Mo Siri B^en, N Aurdal. 184 THE VALDRIS BOOK Knut K Lee Elbow Lake Minn 06-11 Am 73. Md Gro Olsd Vaae. Fa Knud Lien (b Bergei Liagrenden) s o Anders Mikkelsen Polen & Marit Knudsd Lien. Mo Marit Ranei d o Endre Olsen Tveit & Kari Mikkelsd Nedre Ranum. K O Lee Canby Ore 13-14. Martin N Lee Elbow Lake Minn 06-10. Mikkel A Lee Mt Horeb Wis 09— Ole A Lee Mt Horeb Wis 08— Bro Mikkel A Lee. Ole Lee St Paul 07-11— Dead. Paul T Lee Klevenville Wis 10-15. Simon Lee Orland Calif 04-11 Etnedalen. Mrs Siri Lee St Paul 10 — (Also written Sarah). T H Lee Minneapolis 16-17. Mrs Thonette O Lee Mayville N D 04-09 Thonette Eriksd Wold. Md Ole C Lee. Sister of N E Wold. Even Leithe Battle Lake Minn 04-08. Bro O K Leithe. O K Leithe Battle Lake Minn 04-14 Am 03. Fa Knut s o Knut Leithe & Berit Haalie. Mo d o Even Kvaal & Sigri Leithe, Hurum, Vang. *Hans A Leite Petersburg N D Am 83. Md Kari Solberg. Fa Arne s o Ole Arneson Leite, Bagn & Berit Gulbrandsd Mo Olea d o Hans M Listru & AH Leite. *A C Lerohl Sacred Heart Minn Am 88. Md Betsey Grove. Fa Kristofer s o Kristofer K Lerohl & Kjirsti Thomasd Mosaker. Mo Randi d o Andris Johansen Her- mundstad & Anne 0ie. Chris Lerohl Nashwauk Minn 09-11. Rev John Kr Lerohl Starbuck Man Canada 03-07. Ed Red Wing. Bro A C Lerohl*. Alf A Lestrud Northwood la 04-06. Anna Lestrud Mayville N D 08-12. G Levison Forest City la 12 — *Engebret A Lia Decorah la Am 57 Md Gunhild Gul- brandsd. Fa Anders B0e, Vang s o John Pedersen Quale, V^ang & Ingeborg Iversd Thune. Mo Berit Engebretsd Belsheim. Anders J Lien Duxby Minn 04-14 Am 83. Fr Hedalen. THE MEMBERS OF THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 185 Anders L Lien River Falls Wis 07-17 Bro Ole L Lien*. Civ war vet. Author list of Wis Soldiers. Anton Lien Blanchardville Wis O.S — Carl M Lien Red Wing Minn 14-15— Dead. Erick O Lien Starbuck Minn 04-07. Gilbert M Lien Ross Minn 03-09 Gulbrand M Gr^vslien Am 98. Bro Gilbert Lien* Pinecreek. Gilbert Lien Pine Creek Minn 07-09 Guttorm M Grovslien Am 93. Fa Mikkel s o Knut Torgersen Grovslien Heda- len & Mari Iversd. Mo Marit d o Ole Haugejordet & Mari Olsd Haugen. Gilbert Lien Fordville N D 10-12. Gunder E Lien Maynard Minn 04-14. K L Lien River Falls Wis 02-17. Bro O L Lien. Knud S Lien Cottonwood Minn 04-07 Am 50. Md Valina Ruste — Dead. *Knud Thompson Lien Medford N D Am 76 Md Gjertrud Knudsd Beito. Fa Tosten s o Knud Tostensen Lien & Mali. Mo Kari Rudi d o Christofer G Skammestein & Kari 0stensd Rudi. M O Lien Wall Lake Minn 04-14. Nils M Lien Hancock Minn 0-4 — Ole H Lien Canton S D 08— Ole J Lien Ross Minn 03-12 Am 81. Md Maria Braaten. Fa John s o BjVrn Olsen, Hedalen & Anne Andersd. Mo Dorthe d o Ole Snippen, Reinli. Ole J Lien Hills Minn 03-13. Ole L Lien Willmar Minn 07— Am 49. Md Inga Maria Lee d o Knud M Lee Fa Levord Andersen Lien. Mo Knud Kammen. Bro A L Lien. Osten Lien Fox Minn 13-14. T C Lien Hancock Minn 10 — Thosten J Lien Beaver Creek Minn 12 — Thorsten K Lien Tomey N D 04-06. Mrs B E Lindberg Somber N D 07-14 See Mary C Hagen. Ole A Lingsrud Benson Minn 08 — 186 THE VALDRIS BOOK Mrs Anne T Lockrem Cordele Ga 04. Widow of Ole Lock- rem — Dead. Austin C Lockrem Dennison Minn 02-16. Iver I Lockrem Northfield Minn 05-17 Am 49. Md Randi Halvorson. Fa Ivar s o Christofer Lockrem & Maline. Mo Gjertru d o Endre & Anne Rudi, Vang — Died '19. Lars C Lockrem Cannon Falls Minn 04-16. Rev N J Lockrem Superior Wis 06 — Am 02. Ole Lockrem Harvey N D 16-17. Thorsten O Lockrem New Orleans La 07-10. S o Ole H Lockrem & Anne Thorstensd Lockrem — Dead. H Loe Wildrose N D 15-16. H E Loe Hanley Sask Can 14 — Syver Loe Minneapolis 02 — Am 87. Md Berit Kvaale Vang. Loe, N Aurdal. Olaf Loiten Minneapolis 06-12. G G L0ken Vang Valdres Norway 02 — Dead. *Martin Loken Petersburg N D Am 03. Fa Ole Sveen Bang s o Knut S0rflaten & Sigri. *Thorstein A Ljzfken Tigerton Wis Am 7Z. Md Christiana Larsen Rudi. Fa Anders Lj^ken s o Gulbrand Gulbrand- sen Onstadjordet. Mo Gro Hansd Okshovd. Ole O L^kke. Black Earth Wis 06-11. B Thorsrudl^kken, Bagn Am 80. Md Kari K Bohle. S o Arne Halvorsen Thorsrudljzikken & Kari Olsd Kind, Bagn. Dr A P Lommen Lanesboro Minn 04-10. Endre O Lomen Alexandria Minn 10 — Erik H Lomen Zumbrota Minn 06 — Gulbrand J Lomen Nome Alaska 03 — Md Julia Joys. S o Jj2r d o Helge Kasa «& Berit Svien. *01e Ovesen Strand Sacred Heart Minn Am 68. Fa Ove s o Ole O Strand & Kari. Mo Marit Strand. Ole Syverson Strand Brandon Minn 10-14. Oscar J Strand Minneota Minn 11-13. *Syver O Strand Maynard Minn Am 69. Md Gun G B0e. Fa Ole s o Ole Strand & Ingebor. Mo Kari d o Guttorm Strand & Elsa. T O Strand Sisseton S D 11-13. J L Studlien Alexandria Minn 09 — Etnedalen. Ole O Sukke Sauk Center Minn 13 — Rev B L Sundal Farmington Minn 13-16. Halvor Sunde Hankinson Minn 13-15. Andrew G Sundem Hills Minn 05 — Gulik G Sundem Hills Minn 02-12. Ole Nilsen Sundhem Hills Minn 06-13. Anders M Sundheim Minneapolis 02 — Md Karen Katte- vold. Bro Rev J M Sundheim. Mrs A M Sundheim Minneapolis Maren Kattevold. Fa Gulbrand s o Gulbrand 0ilo & Marit. Mo Ingeborg d o Trond Kattevold & Maren Leine. Tver T Sundheim Northport Wash 03 — Rev J^rgen M Sundheim Fertile Minn 04 — Am 3. Md Inga Martha Anderson. Fa Mons s o Anders Monsen Sund- heim & Jjzirend. Mo Marie d o Lars Knudsen Kirke- berg & Anne Olsd Olmhus. Ed St Olaf. Arne Svennes Minneota Minn 10-13. Knut Svenes Minneota Minn 08 — *01e Svenson (Fossen) Clontarf Minn Am 83. Md Maria E Dokken. Fa Sven s o Amun Svenson Pladsen & In- geborg. Mo Ingeborg Fossen d o Ole Haugen & Berit. Anders A Svien Dennison Minn 04-13. A J Svien Northfield Minn 02-09. 210 THE VALDRIS BOOK O J Svien Dennison Minn 08 — Sever J Svien Dennison Minn 04-06. Ole Swennes Bruce S D 04-15. Thorwald Swenness Minneapolis 05-13. Md Celia Orm- stad. Gullik Swenson Athabasca Landing Can 13-14. Harald Sv^enson Minneapolis 03 Am 88 Md Oline Mar- tinson. Fa Ole s o Sven Navrud & Anna, Mo Anna d o Harald & Aase Veglingsrud. Tosten Swenson Pinecreek Minn 04-06. Amund Syverson Glenwood Minn 16 — Andrew Syvertsen Minneapolis 07-08. G N Syverson Carpenter la 08-11. Martin Syverson Montevideo Minn 03 — pdegaardseie N Aurd. Ole Syverson Clontarf Minn 16-17. Ole Syverson Randall Kans 12-13. Peder Syverson Valders Wis 10-11. Peder Syverson Making Minn 04-16. S o Erick Syverson, W SI & Ingeborg. P Syverson Kelliher Minn 09-14. *Thorvald S Syverson Pigeon Falls Wis Am 83. Md Car- rie Johnson. Fa Syver s o Syver Brenden & Thora Larsd. Mo Kari d o Knud Heskindeie Si Olia Sjyggen, Etnedalen. M L Syverud Canton S D 13-14. P N Syverud Osnabrook N D 12-17. C O Savre Kensett la 05-16. Prof B K Savre Decorah la 0-^ George O Tasa Minneapolis 02-04. *John K Tasa Dennison Minn Am 51. Md Ingeborg Gul- brandsd Bakken S o Knut Thomassen Tasa & Kari Johnsd Stende. K E Tasa Nerstrand Minn 02-12 — Dead. Ole O Tasa Minneapolis 02-11 — Dead. Mrs A K Teisberg St Paul Minn 02— Gro. d o Thorstein THE MEMBERS OF THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 211 Olsen Skammestin & Marthe Olsd Brandt, R^n. Eivind Tharaldsen Starbuck Minn 03-11. Olaf Theistolen St Paul 03-11. Dr Albert S Thompson Mt Horeb Wis 04-10. S o Sam Thompson*. Andrew Thompson Starch Prairie Wis 10-11. Andrew O Thompson Madison Wis 13 — Chr Thompson Dennison Minn 02 — Rev Chr S Thompson Tola Wis 02 — S o Sam Thompson*. *Edwin Thompson Quarry Wis. Md Anne Maria d o An- ders Olson Aabol. Bro'o T Helle. G O Thompson Toronto S D 09-13. Gullik Thompson Thompson N D 02-16. Iver Thompson Cyrus Minn 06-16. Iver Thompson Hatton N D 10-15. John Thompson Duluth Minn 12-14. John Thompson Hendricks Minn 09-12. J K Thompson Homestead N D 09-11. Knud Thompson Fordville N D 0^ — K H Thompson Quarry Wis 09— Bro O T Helle*. Levor O Thompson Riley Wis 13-17. Lillie E Thompson Farmington Minn 06-11. D o Peder Thompson. Mikkel Thompson Bradish Neb 06 — N A Thompson Duluth Minn 06 — - S o Peder Thompson. N F Thompson McPherson Ark 07-11. O A Thompson Erdahl Minn 10 — Ole T Thompson West Decorah la 11-12. Peder Thompson Farmington Minn 02-17 Am 52. Md Barbro Olsd Noben. Fa Thomas T^rstad s o Knut An- dersen & Gjertrud Pedersd. Born EUestad. Civil war vet — Dead. Sam Thompson Mt Horeb Wis 02 — Svein Throndsen B^r- selien Am 61. Md Marthe Christensd Skogen N Aurd. Fa Thrond s o Svein Olsen Saalsaa & Marit Throndsd Driven. Mo Kari d o Erik Gundersen Bjjzirgo. T A Thompson Browerville Minn 10 — 212 THE VALDRIS BOOK Tom j Thompson Eleva Wis 07 — Tosten J Kamben Am 68. Md Inger d o Ole T Myren, E Aurd. Fa Jens s o Tosten Jensen Kammen. Mo Ingri d o Erik Andersen Midt-Bjorgo & Astri Stokkebryn. Thomas S Thompson Mt Horeb Wis 04 — Md Eleonore Benedicte Dahle. S o Sam Thompson & Martha Oline d o Christian Skogen & Marit Lie. Thore K Thompson Cottonwood Minn 04 — Tosten Thompson Hills Minn 09-14. A K Thon Kensett la 06-12. Bro C K Thon. Christian K Thon Kensett la 03-10 Am 85. Md Emma Kittelson. S o Knut A Thon, N Aurd & Siri K Sveen. Knut S Thon Cottonwood Minn 11 — Ole K Thon Minneota Minn 13-16. George Thor Grafton N D 03 — Dead. Martin Thorberg Petersburg Nebr l'^ — *Finkel Thorsen Dennison Minn Am 61. Md Randi Olsd Aastad. Fa Thore Gryte s o TjzJris & Marit. Mo Rag- nild Finkelsd. Haldor Thoreson Adams Minn 06-08. Nils Thoreson Ellsworth Wis 06-14. Thore Thoreson Adams Minn 06-08. Thomas F Thoreson Dennison Minn 09-13. Harold Thorson St Paul 02 — Md Karen Thorsteinsd La- jord. Fa Thore Djzivre s o Ole Tvedt now (Fagnernes). Mo Sigri d o Knut Gigstad. Died Feb 18, 1920. Henry L Thorson Guthrie N D 03-12. S o Harold Thorson. Knut Thorson Valders Wis 09-17 — Dead. Lillie E Thorson Benson Minn 09-12. Fa Ole Thoreson Nes, N Aurd s o Thore Olsen & Olia. Mo Betsey Dokke- bakken d o Ole Anderson & Kari. Thor Dovre Thorson Maddock N D 04— S o Harold Thor- son. Mrs Jane Thorsrud Callender la 16-17. Carl k Thorstad Doran Minn 07-17. H C Thronson White Earth N D 17— Ole Throndson Manitowoc Wis 03-08 Am 64. Md Inge- THE MEMBERS OP THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 213 borg Gudbrandsd Idstad, Volbo. S o Trond Christian- sen & Ingeborg Olsd Prestrud — Dead. Reier Throndson Canby Minn 09-11. Gullik T Thune Leland la 03-12 Am 68 S o Gullik Thomas- sen Thune Vang. Knut K Thune Mufdock Minn 05— Am 79. Md Anne Evensd H^verstad or Hollen. Fa Knut Johannesen Thune. Ole Thvedt Fulton S D 10— Rev C E Tiller Minneapolis 04 — Md Lina G Nerhaugen. L J Tjernagel Story City 05-11. Md Sarah Johnson Sol- berg. Bro P G Tjernagel. P G Tjernagel Story City la 05 — Md Ingeborg Johanne Olson. Fa Ole Andreas Tjernagel fr Finaas. Mo Mar- tha Karina d o Nils Andersen Follinglo & Barbru Mik- kelsd. Lars L Tobiason Ashby Minn 06-11 Am 55. Md Guri Olsd Haave, Lome. Fa Lars s o Tobias Gubel^ken s o Sk0mar fr Germany. Mo Jorand d o Ole Jensen Kvismoen & Ingeborg Knutsd. *Roland Tobiason Hatton N D (Qualseie Lome) Am 51. Md Marit Tollefsd Mos0degaard. Fa Tobias Gubbelykken Quisl s o Lars Haagensen Husager & Berthe Ellingsd. Mo Ingri d o Ivar Rolandsen Ouil & Berit Nilsd. Tobias R Tobiason Hatton N D 02-16. Md 1st Jose- phine. Md 2d Olivia Bye. Fa Roland Tobiason*. Mo Marit Tollefsd 0degaard, W Slidre. Jens Tofteland Luverne Minn 13 — Adolph Tollefsen St Paul 03-07. Torger Torgerson Fox Minn 13-16. Theodore Torgerson Pinecreek Minn 13-14. Erik Torgrimson Grand Meadow Minn 02 — Am 69. Md Olivia Torkildsd Flaskerud. Fa Torgrim T^rispladsen, Begndalen s o Hans Andersen Raumbjerget, Aadalen & Else Grov, Hedalen. Mo Else Gravlipladsen d o Lars Veggesen Gravli, Aadalen & Berit Andersd Hougen, Aadalen— Died 1920. 214 THE VALDRIS BOOK G T Torgrimson Grand Meadow Minn 02 — S o Erik Tor- grimson. Mrs J^rgine Torrison Manitowoc Wis 05 — Md Thomas E Torrison. D o Capt T Tostenson* Haugen, Hegge & Ragnild Knutsd Quale (Bygsle). G Torstenson Leeds N D 14 — *Capt Tosten Tostenson Manitowoc Wis Am 51. Md 1st Ragnild Knutsd Quale. Md 2d Marit Olsd Aabol. Fa Tosten Haugen s o Knut Tostensen ( ?) Skammestein & Ingebor Melby. Mo Jjzir^nd d o Thomas Christensen Vaarum & Anne. Knut N Torstad Minneapolis 08— Am 07. Fa Nils Tor- stad s o Anders Haldorsen Veblen & Ingeborg Nilsd Rogn. Mo Marit d o Knut Tjzirstad. Served in World War. Ole Tostenson Kensett la 04-11. Gunder Traaen Spring Grove Minn 15— B N Tro Emmons Minn 02 — K N Tro Emmons Minn 02 — N G Tro Emmons Minn 09 — Nils N Tro Emmons Minn 02-06 (Myreeiet). T K Tro Emmons Minn 08 — T Tronson (Bunde) Amherst Wis 09-10. Gilbert K Tufty Chicago 05— Olaf Tufte St Paul 10-13. Ole E Tuve Peterson Minn 12 — Prof Anton G Tuve Canton S D 04-18. Md Ida Maria Larson. Fa Gulbrand Tuv s o Ole Gulbrandsen Sj^rum & Marit Fodnes. Mo Torbjjzir d o Aamund Jj^rgensen & Ragnild Mikkelsd, Ssetisdal. O G Tuve Toronto S D 04 — Bro Anton G Tuve. Rev N G Tvedt Maskell Nebr 04— Haaver A Tvenge Hills Minn 02-16. Tollef Tvenge Decorah la 13-17 — Dead. Ole N Tweet Menominee Wis 03-06 Am 61. Md Emma Tollefson. Fa Nils O Tweet s o Ole Tvedt & Gunhild. Mo Ingeborg d o Knut Ranum & Olina, Skrautvaal. THE MEMBERS OF THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 215 BjVrn T Ulnes Valders Wis 09— Ole H Ulness Eleva Wis 13-14. T O Ulness Walcott N D 02-10. Ulrik O Ulnes Eleva Wis 11— Am 68. Md Maria Julsd Gottenborg Fa Ole Jorgensen Hilmen Svenes. Mo Anna Ulriksd Ulnes. Knud Ulrikson Canton S D 03 — Bro Ulrik Ulrikson*. Tom Ulrikson Canton S D 04-15. Ulrik Ulrikson Canton S D 03— Am 7Z. Md Ragnild Olsd Fodnes. Fa Ole Ulriksen (Haugerstuen, N Aurd). Mo Tjz(re Knudsd Lien, N Aiirdal. Ole O Ulve Lake Mills la 04— Am 68. Wife Ingeborg. S o Ole O Ulvenseie & Ingeborg. O A Ulven Adams Minn 09-11. Peter Utgard Ceylon Wis 15 — Agnes K A Veblen Minneapolis 08 — D o A A Veblen. Andrew A Veblen East San Diego Calif 02 — Md Kirsti T Hougen Md 2d Mrs Elisabeth A (Rudi) Ringstad. S o Thomas A Veblen & Kari Thorsteinsd Bunde. Carl A Veblen Hallock Minn. S o Rev Sigurd Olsen & Emily d o Thomas A Veblen & Kari Bunde. Elling Haldor Veblen Reed Point Mont 16— Md Mary E Hitchcock. S o A A Veblen. Served in World War. Gertrude Ingeborg Veblen Minneapolis 11 — D o A A Veb- len. Haldor Andersen Veblen 04-05 Am 48. Bro Thos A Veb- len — Dead. Harold Veblen Big Timber Mont 16 — Md Marion Light- body. S o A A Veblen John Edward Veblen La Mesa Calif 02— Md Sirina Helle- rud. S o Thos A Veblen. Orson A Veblen Denton Mont 02 — Md S^nneva Rauk. S o Thos A Veblen. Ole J Veblen Decorah Iowa 04-06. Oswald Veblen Princeton N J 06— Md Mary Elizabeth 216 THE VALDRIS BOOK ' Dixon Richardson. S o A A Veblen. Served in World War. Thorstein B Veblen New York 02— Md Ellen Rolfe. S o Thos A Veblen. Thomas Anderson Veblen 02-06 Am 47. Md Kari d o Thorstein 0stensen Bunde & Berit Egge. Fa Anders H A>blen s o Haldor Haldorsen 0igar & Marit Thorkelsd Bagetun. Mo Jartru d o Thomas Olsen T^rstad & Jar- tru Pedersd Veblen — Dead. Thomas J Veblen Denton Mont 02-16. Md Emma Berg. S o O A Veblen. Thorkel Alfred Veblen Big Timber Mont 15— Md Anna Malloy. S o A A Veblen Served in World War. *Arne O Veien Langhei Minn Am 83. Md Anne Pedersd Moen. Fa Ole s o Ole Veien & Ingeborg. Mo Anne d o Arne & Sesel R0o, Reinli. Nils Veien Kensington Minn 04-10. Peder A Veien Glen wood Minn 06 — Am 83. Fa Arne s o Ole O & Anne Arnesd Veien. Mo Anne d o Peder N Moen & Barbo T Dokken. Martin O Venden Black Earth Wis 10 — K A Vick Decorah la 09— Lars K Vik Decorah la 04-06. Ole E Vick McKee Ore 10— Am 84. S o Engebret J Viken & Inge Tideftnandsd. Paul Vik Fargo N D 13— Knut K Viken Sacred Heart Minn 03— Am 57. Md Betsey J d o Thos A Veblen. Fa Nils s o Knut Haugrud & Rag- nild. Mo Marit Olsd Tildeis-Viken. K N Viste Sawyer Wis 16 — Nils O Viste Adams Minn 02-08 Am 69. Md Ragnild Olsd Hippe. Fa Ole Nordviste s o Engebret Hande. Mo Marit Nilsd Nordviste — Dead. Mrs Ragnild Viste Adams Minn Am 69 Md Nils O Viste. D o Ole Bjjzirnsen Hippe & Berit Viste. Andrew O Void Maynard Minn 03 — Kattevold, Vang. O P Volden Spring Grove Minn 13-14. THE MEMBERS OF THE VALDRIS SAMBAND 217 Dr O E Wald Chicago 03-09 Bro N E Wold. Mrs Henry G Walker Iowa City la 11 — Signy Arndora d o A A Veblen. Mrs Sigrid Wallace Minneapolis 04-09 — Dead. Nils Wangensten Nashwauk Minn 09-13. Martin A Weblen Minneapolis 02 — S o Tosten Anderson (Nedre) Weblen, Vang & Kari Nilsd Viste. Johannes H J Week Spring Valley Minn 02 — Am 55. Md Martha Syversd Braaten. Fa Halvor Johannessen Vig Haademseie, N Aurdal. Mo JjzJrend d o Nils Engebret- sen Haugerstuen & Sigrid. Civ war vet — Dead. G N Weflen Granite Falls Minn 09— *01e E Weflen Thompson N D Md Anna W Bunde. Carl G Westboe Erdahl Minn 06-09. G K Westboe Elbow Lake Minn 06 — Fa Knut Arnesen Vestbjzieie. Mo Kjersti d o Andreas Bergei, Liagrenden, N Aurd & Marit. Halvor H Westlie Beaver Creek Minn 05 — Fr Lome, W SI, Dr A G Wethal Minneapolis 09-15. L O Wilson Minot N D 02-08 Fr 0degaard, Vang. O O Wilson St Paul Minn 06-16. Bro LOW. Ludvig Winger Decorah la 04-11. G A Wiste Lincoln N D 06-14. P T Wiste Adams N D 10— Knut J Wold Roseau Minn 04 — S o John Knutson & Rag- nild Olsd Bustebakke. Nils E Wold Roseau Minn 04— Am 74. Md Carrie O Paalelien. Fa Erik Wold s o Tidemand T Kjendsrud & Kirsti Eriksd Klemesrud. Mo Necoline d o Nils Hal- vorsen Neraasen, Biri & Thonette Olsd Ruud. O T Wold Erskine 09-13. Tidemand E Wold Winger Minn 05-12 Am 83. Md Clara Taraldsrud Md 2d Aase Lee. Bro N E Wold*— Dead. Chapter V. VALORISES WHO ENTERED THE COUNTRY'S SERVICE IN THE WORLD WAR Many of the bygdelags have taken action to do honor to their young men and women who proved their patriotism by entering their country's service during the war and loyally doing their full measure of duty. To this end some lags have been collecting information regarding those that served. The Valdris Samband was among the very first to take up this matter. The president in November, 1918, published in the papers a request to all that knew of Val- drises that had entered their country's service in the war to send him information, for the records of the Samband and for publication. And during the following month of De- cember he mailed to several hundred members copies of a circular explaining the purpose and containing blank spaces in which to enter the desired data. He has several times repeated the appeal in the press, mailed later editions of the first and other circulars, and has written a large number of letters. He has in this done his "level best" to get as complete a list as could be ; and it gives him great satisfaction to embody here the results of the generous response made by hundreds of our members and friends, who have co-oper- ated in the movement, often at the cost of much time and trouble to themselves. They no doubt regard their work as a proper duty, gladly performed, that we all owe our young people that went forth to make the sacrifice. And no thanks from the writer, however cordially given, can VALDRISES IN THE WORLD WAR 219 materially heighten the satisfaction they all feel over hav- ing joined in this tribute to our young defenders. The following list contains some nine hundred names and constitutes a great roll of honor. But it is a matter of much regret that it doubtless falls far short of including all those of Valdris lineage who entered their country's service. How many more it should contain there is of course no present means of knowing; but that the number lacking is considerable is indicated by the fact that from some settle- ments or localities, where Valdrises are known to be numer- ous, few names have been reported. Possibly this is due to indifference on the part of those who have read the appeals made in the press or have been personally solicited to help. But it is more likely due to a failure to see in this move- ment an opportunity for attesting one's appreciation of the spirit in which our boys and girls met the serious ques- tion of sacrifice. The first and main purpose of collecting this informa- tion was to get an authentic record of the service people of Valdris lineage, to be preserved in the archives of the Valdris Samband, and if possible to make this record com- plete. In the second place, it was planned to publish the list of names, together with some of the more outstanding facts reported. And this plan is carried out in the list that fol- lows. The blanks, or questionnaires, that were issued pro- vided for the items : Name, address, age, birthplace, date of entering service, rank and organization, training camps, whether sent oversea and where, any special happenings date of discharge, the father's and mother's names and bygd and grandparents' bygd, and the old family gaards-name. In this list space has been given only to such of these data, so far as they have been furnished, as might seem to tell the most essential facts about each one. Sometimes not even the address was reported. Very few have reported the rank, except in the case of officers. The time of dis- charge from service is of course not found in the reports 220 THE VALDRIS BOOK that came in before the person's service ended. The com- piler of this Roll of Honor would gladly have given a full outline history with each name ; but he could not do it in the cases of defective returns ; and considerations of eco- nomy in the use of space have enforced brevity in summarizing the others. Errors have doubtless crept into this record in spite of earnest carefulness. It happens in some cases of duplica- tions by different correspondents, that the names are not spelled alike, the addresses given are different, and other discrepancies occur. And errors doubtless occur, too, in reports turned in by others than the soldier himself or his nearest of kin. Whoever discovers errors in the list is re- quested to report corrections to the author or some official of the Valdris Samband, in order that the defects in the society's record may be rectified. And of course it is equally much desired that all omissions be supplied so that the archives may preserve a full list of the Valdris service men and women. The compiler of the present roll of names hopes that, when full returns have come in, a revised ac- curate and complete list may be published by the Samband. This outline record, brief and even incomplete as it is, nevertheless is one of which every Valdris may be proud. Our young men have acquitted themselves in such a man- ner that we may justly feel ourselves favored to own kin- ship with them. And surely every Valdris feels personally touched by sorrow for those, of these kinsmen, that went forth and gave all that any man can give, and who can not return to their homes and grieving families. The Contractions and Abbreviations that are used in the list are such as will be readily understood. The first date is that of entering service. Two dates joined by a hyphen indicate the beginning and end of service. Dates are contracted by writing day, month, and year without spaces, as 24jun'18 means June 24th, 1918. Fa, Mo, Par, S o, D o, Grfa, Grmo, Grpar etc., are abbreviations for VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 221 father, mother, parents, son of, daughter of, grandfather, gtandmother, grandparents, etc. Where the bygd of parents is given, it does not necessarily mean that they were born there, but that their people came from that part. When the old "gaards-names" are known they are added in cases where the American name does not seem to give a good clue to the identity of the person's family. The other abbreviations used are such as are in current use, or are taken from the reports turned in by the correspondents. Names are spelled as they have been reported. Casper I Aaberg Starbuck Minn Sigurd Christian Aaberg Roy Wash 6mar'17-feb'19 Co F 65th Art. Forts Flagler, Cary. To France 8apr'18. Pont-a-Mousson, St. Mihiel, Verdun. Fa E E Aaberg. Syver Aaberg Starbuck Minn Benny Aastad Granite Falls Minn Fa Knut Aastad (Slet- ten) W Slidre. Mo Lovise Grover (Grjziven) Vang. Carl Alsaker Benson Minn To France. Mo Dorte Gul- brandson, N. Aurdal. Bro Gilbert Alsaker. Gilbert Alsaker Benson Minn Slightly wounded in France. John Amb Portland N D Served 9 months. Fa Carl Amb, Toten. Mo Karoline Renden, Etnedalen. Adolph Amundson Cable Wis 29jun'17-27 may'19 32 Div Camp McArthur. France. Fa Andrew K Amundson (Stenseth). Mo Inger Nelson Overgaard, Etnedalen. Alma Amundson Soldier la 28juri8 Camp Merritt. France oct'18. Fa Ole Amundson (Rude), N. Aurdal. Carl Amundson Baron Wis 29jul'17-28may'19 32 Div. Waco Tex. France. Fa Even K Stenset. Mo Ragnild, Etne- dalen. Norman Amundson Dallas Wis 28may'18-7may'19 35 Div. France. Fa Andrew K Amundson (Stenseth). Mo In- ger Nelson Overgaard, Etnedalen. Oscar Amundson Portland N D Fa Nels Amundson, Et- nedalen. Alvridge R Anderson Decorah la 26julT8- No. 4 U S Reg. 222 THE VALDRIS BOOK Camp Gordon Ga. Germany. Fa Oliver J Anderson, Vang. Grpar Mr & Mrs A K Anderson (Bakka) (Grove) Arthur Anderson Auburndale Wis Camp Grant. Oversea. Fa Ole Anderson Kj0s. Mo Barbo Olsd Onstad. Arthur J Anderson Kathryn N D jun'18-jun'19 To France at once. Pharmacist w Med Detachment. (Johmen, Lomen). Arthur M Anderson Greenbush Minn Fa Knut Anderson. Carl Alfred Anderson Montevideo Minn 15may'18-29sep '19 Great Lakes. Seaman 2d class U S Naval Reserve Force. Fa Syver Anderson (Skavelhuset). Mo Barbro Lovhaug. Carl O Anderson Soldier la 25feb'18- At front 3 mo. Fa. Nels Anderson (Strand) N Aurdal. Clarence Anderson Sioux City la Nov'18- Par A G Ander- son & Berit Bakke. Clarence W Anderson Decorah la May'18- Co E 53d Inf U S Regs. Camp Columbus O. France. Fa Oliver J. Anderson (Bakka, Grove). Edward C Anderson Boscobel Wis 25may'18- In Army of Occupation. Fa A E Anderson, Hedalen. Mo Kari Knudson, N. Aurdal. (Primsletbraaten, Aspeholt). Edwin Anderson Ahnape Wis Fa Arnt Anderson, Trond- hjem. Mo Kari Orderdalen, Skrautvaal. Harry T Anderson Grand Meadow Minn 25may'18- Camps Lewis & Kearny. Died of wounds received in action 4nov'18. Fa Arne Anderson fr Sogn. Mo Melia d o T S & Anna T Bohn, Valdris. Henry Anderson Duncombe la July'18- France. Par Hans & Serine Anderson. (Follinglo). Milo Anderson Soldier la Aug'18 Tr Camp Ames, la. Fa Nels Anderson. Grpar Strand, N. Aurdal. Oliver A Anderson Decorah la Sep'17- Corpl. Camp Dodge. France. Fa Oliver Anderson (Bakka, Grove) Orville Anderson Hampden N D Oversea. Fa T S Ander- son, Etnedalen. Mother's par Hedalen & Hadeland. Peter M Anderson Washington D C Lieut Col Engr Corps. VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 223 In charge of embarkation service & inspection & con- struction of boats. Canada & U S. Par Christian An- derson (Skindingsrud), Hedalen, & Marit Lien, ReinH. Rudolph Anderson Auburndale Wis Oversea. Fa Ole An- derson Kjjzis. Mo Barbo Olsd Onstad. Bro. Arthur. Sherman Edwin Anderson Montevideo Minn 15may'18-29 sep'19 Seaman 2d cl U S N R F. Great Lakes. Fa Sy- ver S. Anderson (Skavelhuset) Mo Barbro Lovhaug, Etnedalen. William Anderson Como- Ave Minneapolis Minn Arthur C Arneson Decorah la 30jun'18- Musican 2d cl U S N. Great Lakes. Mo Inger Tobiason. Grpar fr Vang. Clarence Arneson Binford N D Fred W Arneson Chicago 111 ljun'18-22 feb'19 Co C 21st Inf 16th Div. Camps Taliefero & Kearny. Oversea. Mo Inger Tobiason. Grpar fr Vang. J B Arneson D D S Chicago 111 8jan'18-16dec'18 Dental Co No 1 Med Dept. Camp Greenleaf. Mo Inger To- biason. Grpar fr Vang. Johnny Aslakson Hancock Minn Fa Haldor Aslakson William A Austin Malung Minn Oversea. Alfred M Avok Hancock Minn 19sep'17-21feb'19 Co E 39th Inf. Camp Dodge. France. Shrapnel wound in arm. Fa A A Avok. Mo Annie Gilbertson. Grpar Gulbrand A Revling & Anna A Avok Aimer Ayen Mt Horeb Wis Gilford Ayen Mt Horeb Wis Theodore Ayen Mt Horeb Wis Axel Backer Fargo N D Fa Halsten Backer, Hedalen. Mo fr Hadeland. Bennie Backer Blue Mounds Wis Daniel Baker Blackfoot Idaho Jun'17- Med Dept 43d Inf. Par Ole G Baker & Ida, Telemark. Bakkene, Reinli. Clarence Bakke Crookston Minn Enl but did not serve. Fa S H Bakke (Bakkom, Hedalen) Harold E Bakke Crookston Minn 17 mo service. Srgt 224 THE VALDRIS BOOK 337th Field Art 88th Div. Camp Dodge. France 5 mo. Fa S H Bakke (Bakkom, Hedalen) Bennie Bakken Mt Horeb Wis Harry Bakken Mt Horeb Wis Raymond Bakken Mt Horeb Wis Adolph Bang Klevenville Wis To France. Halvor Bang Storden Minn ISjul'lS-lPdec'lS Mechanic Air- planes, Co K 1st Regt ASMS Dunwoody Inst & Over- land School. Par Olaf Bang, N Aurdal, & Lina Bang, Trondhjem. Martin Adolph Bangs Klevenville Wis 9aug'18-31 jul'lQ. Co B 328th Inf. Camp McArthur. 8 weeks in France Edwin A Beito Mcintosh Minn 7aug'18-21jan'19 Navy Ra- dio Electrician. Great Lakes. Par Arne & Anna Beito, E Slidre. John R Belgum Wilmot S D Jun'18- Auto Driver Co B, D S T. Par Arne & Ragnild Belgum. (Belgum, Fladager) Sanford Belgum Mt Horeb Wis Dead. Carl Bendickson Auburndale Wis In U S Army. Fa Knut Bendiksen, N Aurdal. Mo Astri Tollefd Tuff, W Slidre. Fred Bendickson Auburndale Wis U S Army. Bro Carl Bendickson. Otto Bendickson Auburndale Wis Army. Oversea. Bro Carl B. Thorwald Bendickson Auburndale Wis U S Army Bro Carl Bendickson. Bernard Bendikson Forestville Wis 4sep'18- Camp Grant. Par Knut Bendiksen, E Slidre & Emma Larson. Allen Benson Moorhead Minn 25feb'18- Camp Dodge. 3 mo at front in France. Gassed. Par Anton Benson (Ler- skogen), S Aurdal, & Mary Rude, N Aurdal. Ole Benson Everett Wash France. Par Knut Benson (Bj^rnson), Bagn, & Gunild Kokkestad, Hedalen. Prof Wm C Benson Northfield Minn 2d Lieut. 16jul'18-12 jan'19. Ft. Sheridan. Pers Adj St Olaf S A T C. Grpar Thrond Svensen Bjzirselien & Kari G Bjorgo. Arne O Berg Minneapolis 30sep'18-oct'18. Jefferson Bar- VALDRISES IN THE WORLD WAR 225 racks. Par Ole N Dalen, Bagn & Marit d o Arne & Anne Bergene. Bagn. George Berg Hatton N D 21sep'17 Camps Dodge. Greene, Pike. S o Anton Berg, Etnedalen. Mo fr Stavanger. Norval Berg Ridgeland Wis Oliver Berg Portland N D 24jul'18-7may'19 30th Bal Co 2d Provisional Aero Regt. Camp Dodge. France. Fa Nels O N Berg, Etnedalen. Mo fr Land. (Solbrekeie) Theodore Berg Hatton N D 22julT8 Camp Dodge. S o Anton Berg, Etnedalen. Mo fr Stavanger. Albert A Berge Valders Wis Mar'18- Camp Custer. Batty D Field Art 29th Div. Oversea jun'18. Par Anton K Berge s o Ole O Berge, Vang, & Oline d o Ole K Gig- stad, Aurdal. Albert Ferdinand Berge Erskine Minn Feb'18- Camp Dodge. France may'18. Truck Driver Co C 110. Hauled munitions and troops. S o Ole T Berge, W. Slidre. Guildford Berge Valders Wis S o Otto Berge, Vang. Harry S Berge Valders Wis 27aprT8 H Q Co 340th Inf 85t'h Div. A. E. F. Camp Custer. France 29jul'18. Par K O & Mary Berge. Grpar O K Berge, W Slidre, & Kari Nesja, W Slidre. Helmer E Berge Dennison Minn 24junT8- Camp Grant. 317th Inf 80th Div. Oversea 7sepT8. Mo Kari Vik, W. Slidre. Ole H Berge Minneapolis AugT7 Camps Dodge & Pike. France. Assigned to H Q. Sergt Field Art. Born Nor- way. S o Ole Gulliksen Berge, Vang, & Marit K Hauge, E Slidre. Oscar Kenneth Berge Valders Wis DecT7- 28th Co 20th Engrs. Camp Grant. Oversea aprT8. Par Anton O Berge & Oline Gigstad. Selmer Berge Mcintosh Minn Walter Floyd Berge Valders Wis 18julT8 Seaman U S N R F, Great Lakes. Par Anton O Berge & Oline Gigstad. Albert Bergene Portland N D. Oversea. Par Mr & Mrs C A Bergene, Etnedalen. 226 THE VALDRIS BOOK Hilbert Bergene Clay Banks Wis 25juri8- Par Halvor K Bergene & Guri N Ssehle, Skrautvaal. Oscar Bergene Dallas Wis 30oct'17-8aug'19 Co F 4th Amm Train 4th Div. Camps Grant, Pike, Greene. Vesle, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne offensives. Army of Occupa- tion. Par Nils Bergene & Kari Knutsd Berg, both Etne- dalen. Oscar M Bergene Adams Minn 25may'18-17apr'19. Batty B 347th Field Art. Camp Lewis. Oversea, Germany. Par Ole A Bergene & Siri Sjzirflaten. Helge P Berger Minneapolis 5sep'17 Corpl Batty A 334th Field Art. Camp Pike. France aug'18. Par Peder & Sigrid Berger, Skrautvaal. Born Valdris. Henry Octavius Berger. Menomonie Wis 15dec'17-30sep '19 Fireman U S S Kronland. Great Lakes. Many trips in Transport Service. Par Ole H Berger, Skrautvaal, & Mary Granum. Melvin Clarence Berger Menomonie Wis 5jun'17- Infan- try, Camps Douglas, McArthur. Oversea feb'18. Was' long in trenches. Fate tmknown apr'19. Par Ole H Ber- ger & Mary Granum. George Gordon Bergh Madison Wis 22juri8 54 Pioneer Inf. Camp Wadsvvorth. France. Fa Halvor N Bergh. Grpar Dokken. Ingvald G Bergh Madison Minn 7sep'17- Lieut 136th Inf 34th Div. Camp Cody. Fa Halvor N Bergh. Grpar Dokken. Fred Biermann Decorah la 13may'17 1st Lieut. Co B 313th Inf 88th Div. Camp P't Snelling. France. Fa E E Bier- mann. Mo Martha Christopher (Moen), Vang. Otis Ingvald Bjornson Ellsworth Wis 14aug'18- Mech Training School, Kansas City. Died of pneumonia. Fa B K Bjornson, N Aurdal. Mo fra Land. Gpar Gigstad, Dokken, Alfred Boe Cyrus Minn 29apr'18-20jun'19. Camp Dayton. Oversea. Fa Ole O Boe, Vang. Mo fr Hallingdal. VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 227 Albert O Boe Dennison Minn 23feb'18. Infantry. Camp Dodge. Lost leg in action. Fa Ole I Boe, Vang. Andrew Q Boe Dennison Minn 24jun'18 Camp Grant. Called, no service. Fa. Ole O Boe, Vang. Aslak M Boe Northfield Minn Inf St Olaf S A T C, Camp Grant O T C. Par Helge A Boe & Marit Lajord, both Vang. Boie Boe Northfield Minn 24jul'18-6juri9 54th Inf 6th Div. Camp Wadsworth. 4 mo in France, 6 mo in Germany. Par Austen & Ingeleiv Boe. Born Vang. Harold Boe Soldier la sep'18- Seaman. San Francisco. Par Ole Boe (Bakken), N Aurdal, & Lette Boe, S Aurdal Anton Boen Fergus Falls Minn 24jun'18 Melvin Boen Fergus Falls Minn Navy. Crossed Atlantic 18 times. Thomas A Bonhus Valley City N D 27may'18-27 apr'19 362 Inf 91st Div. Camp Lewis. In action St Mihiel, Ar- gonne, Flanders. Fa K A Bonhus, Mo Margaret d o A T Remmen, Vang. Melvin Bordson Black Earth Wis Gisle B Borlaug Kenyon Minn lloct'18 Co 10 1st Regt S A T C U of Minn. Mo Emma Norsving Borlaug. Grfa Gudmund Norsving. Clarence Braaten Northfield Minn 10 mo in France. Fa C K Braaten. Mo Gertrude Thompson, Voss. Ingvald T Braaten Northfield Minn 6sep'17 1st Lieut Field Art. Camps Dodge, Jackson, Meade. Advanced School Detachment F A, A E F. Fa Christian K Braaten. Mo Gertrude Thompson, Voss. Marvin Braaten Petersburg N D, France. Both par S Aurdal. Ole J Braaten Montevideo Minn 25may'18. Air service. Camps Lewis, Vancouver. Par Nils Braaten, W Slidre, &. Ingeborg Grefsrud, R^n. Born Valdris. Alvin Brager Black Earth Wis Otto Brager Mt Horeb Wis Severin H Brager Roseau Minn Apr'18. Corporal. Over- 228 THE VAT.DRIS BOOK sea jun'18. Aviation service. Fa fr Hedalen. Mo fr Aadalen. William Brager Madison Wis Fa. C O Brager, Etnedalen. Mo fra Begndalen. John F Brandt Prince Rupert Canada Colonel in Canadian Service. S o John Brandt, W Sildre. Dr Arthur F Bratrud Warren Minn Mo fr Begndalen. Dr. Theodor Bratrud Warren Minn June'17 Mo fr Begn- dalen. Adry Brattrud Mt Horeb Wis Sam Bratvold Gully Minn Olaf C Brekken Chippewa Co Minn Engineers Corps in France. Par Christopher Brekken & Sigri Lalim, Vang. Iver O Brekken Sacred Heart Minn 24jun'18- Camp Grant. France. At front 10 days. Par Knut O Brekken & Kjer- sti Lalim, V^ang. Ole K Brekken Sacred Heart Minn May'18- At front in France 10 days. Par Knut O Brekken & Anna Rogn, Vang. Olaf Bren Brandt S D Ragnvald Brenden Osage la Thorvald Brenden Kerkhoven Minn Killed in action. Fa Thorgrim Brenden, Hedalen. Albert Brenna Cottonwood Minn Oct'18-dec'18 Camp Grant. Fa Ole O Brenna Jr, S Aurdal. Edwin Olai Brenna Cottonwood Minn Camp Wadsworth a few weeks. Fa Ole O Brenna Jr, S Aurdal. Hiram Broin Dennison Minn To France. Melvin J Broin Dennison Minn Omar Broin Dennison Minn Called, no service. Reuben Broin Dennison Minn 54th Pioneer Regt. France and Army of Occupation. Tom Leonard Bromner Nelson Wis 3apr'18 Corpl Coast Art. Ft Worden, Presidio, Camp Grant. Fa Carl Brom- ner. Grpar Isak Bromner & Sigri Gausaker. Adolph Broten Dallas Wis lmay'17-17may'19 32d Div. Camp McArthur. Fa August Broten, Etnedalen. VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 229 Bennet Bruflat Blue Mounds Wis Benny Bruflat Huron S D In Railway service. Fritjof Bruflat Hendricks Minn Leroy A Bruflat Hendricks Minn 5mar'18-3oct'19 Copper- smith in Navy, U S S Duncan. Par P E Bruflat. Etne- dalen, & Christine B Sjursvik. Senjen. William Dons Bruflat Hendricks Minn 18jun'17-llmar'18 Corpl Infantry. Ft Snelling, Camp Cody. Par P E Bru- flat, Etnedalen, & Christine B Sjursvik. Iver L Brujord Culbertson Mont 15dec'17- Ord Corps. France jun'18. \'erdun Sector. Par Lars K Brujord & Ragnild, both Ulnes. Alfred M Bunde Michigan N D 21sep'17- Corpl Co L 348th Inf 87th Div. Camps Pike. Dix. France. Par Mr & Mrs P W Bunde, Vang. Minnie Bush Granite Falls Minn. Hospital Corps in France. Fa Thomas G Bush. Mo Ingeborg A Hamre. \'ang. Edwin S Camrud Buxton N D 15sep'18-10dec'18 Signal Corps. Par Iver I & Ida Kamrud, N Aurdal. Martin M Camrud Buxton N D 8may'18-5jan'19 Q M C. Camps Dodge, Meigs, Jefferson Barracks. Port Ter- minals. Par Iver I & Ida Kamrud, N Aurdal. Richard B Camrud Buxton N D 31oct'17-19nov'17 Camp Lewis. Par Iver I & Ida Kamrud, N Aurdal. Ernal Carlson Moorhead la Seaman. Great Lakes. Par Olaf Carlson & Clara d o Ole K & Mary Lee. N. Aurdal. Oscar Carlson Moorhead la Oversea. Par Olaf Carlson & Clara d o Ole K & Mary Lee, N Aurdal. Karl Chilstad, Portland, N D. Emil I Christenson Montevideo Minn 24may'18-5apr'19 347th Field Art. Camps Lewis & Merritt. Par John Christenson, Hadeland, & Marit Eriksd Lovhaug, Etne- dalen. Ernest Christianson Clark S D 14nov'17-juri9 Mechanic Signal Corps. One year in France. Fa T E Christian- son. Mo Dorte Siverson fr S xA.urdal. Frank Christopher Decorah la Apr'18- 140th Inf 35th Div. 230 THE VALDRIS BOOK Camp Dodge. France jul'lS. Alsace, St. Mihiel sector, Argonne Forest Drive. Par Martin & Anna Christopher, Vang. (Moen). Gerald M Christopherson Sioux Falls S D 7 aug'18 Co A 24th Mach Gun Battn. Camps Fremont, Mills, Lee. Oversea 9 nov'18. Fa G C Christopherson (Soine), Vang. Norman W Christopherson Sioux Falls S D May'iS Navy Signal Corps. Fa G C Christopherson (Soine), Vang. Oswald S Christopherson Sioux Falls 28may'18- Co D 362d Inf. Camp Lewis. Oversea 5jun'18. In Argonne Sector fighting. Fa G C Christopherson (Soine), Vang. Dolphin Clemon Soldier la Jul'lS- Camp Gordon. Brest 12sep'18. At front last 3 weeks. Slightly wounded. Fa Martin Clemon. Mo Adeline Follinglo, N. Aurdal. Victor Clemon Soldier la jun'18- Camp Dodge. Brest sep '18. Fa Martin Clemon. Mo Adeline Follinglo, N Aur- dal. Melvin Colby Mt Horeb Wis Selmer Colby Mt Horeb Wis Arthur Ingeman Dahl Silverton Ore. Lieut. France. Par Halvor O & Ingeborg Anderson, both N Aurdal. Conrad Dahl Silverton Ore Hospital Corps. France. Par Ole O & Ingri Christenson Dahl, N Aurdal. Flenr}^ Simon Dahl Silverton Ore Died feb'19. Par Halvor O & Ligeborg Anderson Dahl, N Aurdal. Selmer Dahl Albert Lea Minn 9aug'18-12mar'19. Musician H Q Co 161st Regt 41st Div. Camp Dodge. France 26 sep'18. Par Tver J & Christine Dahl (Opdahl). Barney Dahle Nekoma N D. Nils Hjalmar Dahle St Paul Minn Spring'17-Autumn'19. Yeoman U S N. Trained Norfolk, Va. Cruising to Spain, Italy, etc. Fa Prof John Dahle s o Johannes Dahle & Anne Nordtorp. Mo Johanne Sjzlrli, Elverum. Norris D Dahle Caledonia Minn 12oct'18-16dec'18. SAT C, U of Minn. Aviation. Fa O K Dahle. Ralph B Dahle Mt Horeb Wis VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 231 William Dahle Caledonia Minn Fa O K Dahle Banford Dahle Mt Horeb Wis David K Dalager Lake Park Minn 28apr'18-28jan'19 Co G 358th Inf 90th Div. Camps Dodge, Travis. Womided in St Mihiel Drive 12sep'18. S o Rev Kr Dalager. Paul A Dalager Lake Park Minn U S Army Band, Motor Transport Corps. Indianapolis. S o Rev Kr Dalager. Roy Dalager Chicago 1st Lieut. Served 8 mo. Fa Peter G Dalager, Vang. Christian Dale Decorah la Sergt. Fa Lars Dale. Mo Jen- ny Johnson d o Mrs Ingeborg Brandt Johnson. Selmer Dalen Grand Meadow Minn Anton Dambroten Granite Falls Minn 6sep'18- 7th Co Re- placement Troops. Camp Grant. Fa Ole Dambroten, Swede. Mo Anna Stende, Vang. Elmer Deden Slayton Minn Mo fr Loe, N Aurdal. Willie Deden Slayton Minn. France. Mo fr Loe, N Aur- dal. Helge Dieserud Washington D C Lieut, Engineers. Rail- way Transportation Officer, France. S o Juul Dieserud. Clarence Disrude Soldier la Jun'18- Camp Dodge. France. Par Juel & Anna Disrud. N Aurdal. George Milton Disrude Brooklyn Wis 18sep'17-2v3mar'19. Gorpl Auxiliary Remount Depot 32L Fa Sever Disrude, N Aurdal. Ellef J Dokken Osage la Jul'18-jan'19 S O Thidemand & Gunild Grovsdokken, Hedalen. Clarence Dokken Mt Horeb Wis Dead.' Gilman Dokken Clontarf Minn 24may'18-22apr'19. Co L 363d Inf Coast Div. Camp Lewis. In u-boat attack. Wounded in Argonne Forest. M P in Belgium. Fa Olaus Dokken, Reinli. Sam Albert Dokken Blanchardville Wis 3sep'18- Co 2)7 161st Depot Brigade. Camp Grant. Died of pneumonia 8oct'18. Fa Haldor Dokken (Kuldokken), S Aurdal. Mo Bertha Dammen. Albert J Dolven Little Falls Minn 4jun'17- Co D 58th Inf. 232 THE VALDRIS BOOK Camp Cody. France jun'18. Killed in action 6 aug'18. Fa A M Dolven, Bagn. Noel B Dolven Harlem Mont Dec'17-jun'19 Co C 23d Egnrs. Camps Meade, Merritt. 18 mo oversea in France. Fa A M Dolven. Eric Egge Pullman Wash Oct'18-nov'18 Fa Albert E Egge, W Slidre. Mo Sina Berge, Vang. Peter Olaf Egge Kindred N D 24jun'18-28may'19 Camp Custer. Par Even & Kari Olsd Egge. Henry Gilbert Egge Kindred N D 24jun'18-5jun'19 Camp Dodge. France 8 mo. Par Even J & Kari Olsd Egge. Gunnar Olaus Fide Maynard Minn 5sep'18- Camps Grant, Cody, Hancock, Ga. Mach Gun Battn. Fa Peter K Eide. Mo Anne K Heen, Vang. ' Ole Eide Maynard Minn. Fa P K Eide. Mo Anne K Heen, Vang. Henry O Eidsmoe Nielsville Minn 21oct'18-25nov'18. Camp Cody. Par Amund Eidsmoe, Begndalen, & Anne Hansebraaten, Bagn. Ingvald A Eidsmoe Nielsville Minn 26juri8-13aug'18 Camp Wadsworth. Par Amund Eidsmoe & Anne Hansebraa ten. Otto Eidsmoe Nielsville Minn 25feb'18-14mar'19 Co G 118th Inf 30th Div. Camps Dodge, Sevier. France. Wounded 12oct'18. Par Amund Eidsmoe & Anne Han- sebraaten. Albert Johan Ekren Pennock Minn 24jun'18-28oct'19 Army Field Clerk, Adj Gen's Dept. Camp Grant. Par Helge & Margaret Ekren, Vang. Gerhard A Ellestad Lanesboro Minn Ft Sheridan, SAT C, St Olaf. Fa G B Ellestad. Gilbert N Ellestad New Hampton la 24oct'17-sep'19 Camp Pike. Secretarial work. Fa Peter J Ellestad. Grover T Johnson (Ellestad) New Hampton la 24oct'17- dec'18. Co H 38th Regt 3d Div. France. Fa Peter J Ellestad. VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 233 Invin M Ellestad Lanesboro Minn 28jun'18-apr'19. Spruce Squadron, Oregon. Fa G B Ellestad. Nils T Ellestad Weta.skiwin Canada. France. Wounded. Par Thorleif Nilsen Ellestad & Anne Eriksd Egge. Born Lomen, Valdr. Reuben B Ellestad Lanesboro Minn S A T C, Minn U. Fa G B Ellestad. George Ellickson Decorah la Spring'17. 1st la Inf. In St Mihiel & Argonne battles. Twice wounded. Grmo Diana Anderson (Endresd Rudi, Vang). Alfred Ellingboe Kandioyhi Co Minn 26julT8- Camp Wads- worth. Elvin Ellis Decorah la Corpl 451st Inf 88th Div. Camp Dodge. France. Fa Ole Ellis. Mo Julia d o E T Hagen. Oliver Elthun Nerstrand Minn \*eterinary Corps. Melvin Elvester Cyrus Minn 29aprT8-15apr'19 Co C 357th Inf. Camp Travis. Oversea 20junT8. Fa fr Telemark. Mo fr N Aurdal. Gilbert Adolph Engen Finley N D 15junT8- Co B 210th Engrs 10th Div. Camps Funston, Mills, Humphreys. Par Gilbert G & Nettie Engen, both Begndalen. John Arthur Engen Finley N D 5novT8- Vocational Train- ing, S A T C, N D Agr Coll. Par Gilbert G & Nettie Engen. Martin Ensberg Toronto S D 11 may '18- 110th Inf 28th Div. France & Germany. Selmer Ensberg Toronto S D 24julT8- Bennie Erickson Barneveld Wis Ervin Erickson Mt Vernon Wis Herman Erickson Mondovi Wis MayT8- France. Fa Ole Solbrekken, Etnedalen. Mo fr R0n. Jens Erickson Beresford S D 27julT8-29 julT9 14th Mach Gun Battn 5th Div. In Argonne Forest battle. Born Skrautvaal. Bros Syvert, Martin. Martin Erickson Green Co Wis 22jun'18-16julT9. X'eteri- nary. Camp Lee. Par Ole Erickson, Aadalen, &: Lina Strj^^mmen, Begndalen. (Lovskogen). 234 THE VALDRIS BOOK Melvin Erickson Mt Horeb Wis Nels T R Erickson Valders Wis 5jul'18-25jul'19 Mechanic- ian Inf Mach Gun Co I. Ft Benning, Ga., Columbus, O., Camp Hancock. Svvert Erickson Canton S D 15juli'17- Corpl 116th Supply- Train. France 1 yr. Bro Martin. ? Alex A Estrem Dennison*Minn To France oct'18- Corpl 144th Inf 36th Div. Camp Dix. Par Andr A Estren & Marit Soine. ^ Joseph Estrem Dennison Minn Jul'lS-aug'lS. Alexander C Evans Decorah la Aug-'18- Corpl S A T C, Fayette, la. Par O C Evans & Marie. Grpar Christopher & Anne Evans (Austreim). Rudolph O Evans Decorah la Sjun'lS- Camp Allentown, Pa. Ambulance Corps, Base Hospital 68. France. Bro. Alexander. C L Evanson Ulen Minn 23feb'18- Co H 129th Inf 33d Div. Camps Dodge, Logan. In action Somme, Meuse, Ar- gonne fronts. Par Theodore Evanson & Regina E Mor- beck. Henry Evanson Mt Horeb Wis Bennet O Evenson A^alders Wis 22oct'18-18dec'18 9th I M Battn Art. Camp Nichols. Par Anton Evenson & Mathilda Ulnes. ' Edward G Evenson Cyrus Minn 22jul'18-28jul'19. France 9 mo. Par Sam Evenson & Ingri (Diserud). Einar A Evenson Stanley Wis llaug'17- Co A 119th Mach Gun Battn. France. Slightly wounded. Died 24sep'19 from complications after influenza. S o Thron Evenson, S Aurdal. Elmer Evenson Valders Wis 28may'18- Camps Lee, Grant. Veterinary Corps. France. Par Christopher Evenson Kvale, Hurum, & Ingri Helgsd Nesja. Elroy Evenson Valders Wis 22sep'17- Camp Custer. Mo- tor Truck Reserve. France. Par Olof & Mary Evenson (Oxhovd, Snortum, Nesja). George Evenson Toronto S D Died in Germany. VALDRISES IN TH6 WORLD WAR 235 Isak Evenson Mondovi Wis 25may'18-3juri9. Camp Grant. 10 mo Vet. Hosp Work in France. Par Even -Heste- skind & Mathea Rust, Etnedalen. Jacob Evenson Portland N D Regimental Band. France. Par E I Evenson, Toten, & Ragnild Jordet Begndalen. Johnny Evjen Pope Co Minn. France. Par Ben Evjen & Annie Espelien. Alvin J Farden Maxbass N D 18sep'17-10jun'19 Camp Dodge. 1st Sergt Amm Truck Driver. France. Fa Jens O Farden, W Slidre (Fere). Mo Anne Karine J Amundson. Jul Fauske Adams Minn. Among first enlistments. France. Adolph Field Madison Wis 24juri8- Camp Grant Army Police. France. Par Reier Fjeld & Carine Spaanum. Grfa Andris Fjeld, S Aurdal. Harvey Field Mt Horeb Wis Krestian Field Aneta N D U S Army. Fa Ole Field, Etne- dal. Mo GudbrandsdjjzJl. Raymond Field Madison Wis 4apr'17 Corpl, Aviation. Oversea. Injured. Par Reier Fjeld & Carine Spaanum. Nels E Finkelson North Branch Minn 27feb'18 Mach Gun Co. Camp Dodge. Killed in Argonne Forest battle 27 sep'18. Fa Gilbert N Finkelson. Mo Carrie Gordon, N Aurdal. Grandparents, Presthage, E Slidre, & pdegaar- den, N Aurdal. Albert K Fjeld Aneta N D 18sep'18-16jan'19 Wagoner Sup- ply Co 338j:h Field Art. France. Fa K O Fjeld. Mo Gottenborg. Both Etnedalen. Maurice H Fladager, Spring Grove, Minn 9apr'18-mar'19 Camp Jackson. Corpl, Ordnance. Fladager, N Aurdal. Arnold W Flaten Northfield Minn loct'18-10dec'18 SAT C, St Olaf Coll. Fa Nils Flaten, Vang. Mo Lyngdal. Gilbert W Flaten Moorhead Minn U S Navy Fa O E Fla- ten. Prof Nils Flaten Northfield Minn lnov'18-3jul'19 Y M C A Secy Turin & Novara. Par Ole I Flaten & Maren Steile, Vang. 236 THE VALDRIS BOOK Olav N Flaten Northfield Minn laug'18-lfeb'19 36 reg Inf. Camp Devens. Fa Nils Flaten, Vang. Mo Lyngdal. Oscar Julius Flom Des Lacs N D Oct'17-llapr'19 Co K 354th Inf. St Mihiel Salient, Verdun Sector. Wounded 2nov'18 Fa H O Flom. Grfa Ole Nilson Arnehaugen, Vang. George Florand Grand Meadow Minn. Maurice Florand Grand Meadow Minn. Martin O Fodnes Amenia N D 24jun'18-19jan'19 26th Co 7th Battn 166th Depot Brigade. Later Guard Co C 38th Battn, Presidio. Born Fagernes. Par Ole^ K. Fodnes & Kari O Rogndokken. Theodore Fodnes Menomonie Wis 23juri8 — Camps Grant, Mills Mach Gun Co 344th Inf Black Hawk Div. France. Died of Influenza 3nov'18. Buried Suresnes, France. Par Ole O Fodnes, N Aurdal & Jjziren Sselseng W Slidre. Gertrude Forester Tansem N D lljun'18 — Army Reserve Nurse Base Hosp Camp Lewis. Born Valdris. Par Ivar Fystraa R0n & Marit Dokken 0ie. Arthur Forson Madison Minn 6 mo in France. Fa Albert E Forson. Mo Haugen. Clarence Fosholdt Courtenay N D 30apr'18 — Sergt Camp Dodge. Fa O T Fosholdt Hedalen. George Fosshage Mt Horeb Wis. Sidney Fosshage Mt Horeb Wis. Paul Fossum Fergus Falls Minn Ordnance Corps Edge- wood Arsenal. Fa Prof Andrew Fossum. ( ?) Andrew Fremgaard Assiniboia Canada Oversea. Carl O Frydenlund Faribault Minn 5sep'18 — Camp Grant. Lauritz Frylenlund Soldier la 25juri7 Camp Grant. 3 mo at front. Par Erik K & Johana Frydenlund, N Aurdal. Clarence Theodore Fystrom Larimore N D nov'17-1919 France Spring '18 89th Div. Par Ole Fystrom, R0n. & Caroline Soljzir. Gustav Ingvald Fystrom Larimore N D '15jan'19 France spring-'18 89th Div. Par Ole & Caroline Fystrom. VALDRISES IN THE WORLD WAR 237 Julius Edwin Fystrom Larimore N D 6 weeks Camp Dodge. Par Ole & Caroline Fystrom. Anthon P Garlid Baldwin Wis 5oct'18-14dec'18 S A T C Univ Wis. Par Ole Garlid & Aagot Brevik. Edwin B Garlie Spring Valley Wis 6juri8 Camp Hancock Corpl Mach Gun Co. Par Nels N Garlie, N Aurdal & Barbra Bergsbakken Etnedalen. George Garlid Ellsworth Wis lsep'18-15jan'19. Fa Knut Garlid. Mo 0sterdalen. Oscar G. Garlid Baldwin Wis 21aug'18-17dec'18 Co E 120th Engrs. Ft Benjamin. Fa Ole Garlid. Ulrik Garlie Herrick S D 29aug'18 Camp Funston 20th Co 5th Battn 2d Regt 164th Depot Brigade. Died of pneu- monia 21oct'18. Par 'Anders Ulriksen Garlie & Inga Aaberg. Arthur Gesme Mt Horeb Wis. Gerhard Gesme Mt Horeb Wis. Bennet Samuel Gigstad Valders W^is 5 mo in service Camp Lewis. Mach Gun Co A 14th Div. Par Ole O Gigstad & Sarah Thompson (Helle). Clarence M Gilbertson Benson Minn Killed in action in France. Par Carl Gilbertson & Kristine Navrud. Elbert Gilbertson Benson Minn Bro Clarence. Morris Gilbertson Lone Rock Wis Oversea. Fa Gustav Gilbertson (Kokkestad), Hedalen. Mo Marit JjzJrud. Oliver Gilbertson Portland N D. Fa Henry Gilbertson Begndalen. Mo fr Bagn. Orrin Gilbertson Lone Rock Wis Oversea. Bro Morris G. Theodore Gilbertson Portland N D. Fa Henry Gilbert- son Begndalen. Mo fr Bagn. Casper Gilson Rosholt Wis Jan'18 — Camp Grant. France may'18 Chateau Thierry 18jun'18. Reported missing in action. Grandson of Marit Nilson Quien. George C Gjevre Maynard Minn Juri8-apr'19 Camp Wads- worth. France aug'18 Artillery, Engineers Corps. Par Kristofer Anderson Gjevre Vang, & Dorthea Olsd Jevne, N Aurdal. 238 THE VAI-DRIS BOOK Mrs Charlotte Tostenson Glasscock Minneapolis Nurse. Fa Capt T Tostenson (Haugen) E Slidre. Mo Ragnild Knutsd Kvale (Bygsle). Gerhard Goplerud Osage la France. Fa C C Goplerud Jr, Hedaleu. Mo fr Sol^r. Lester W Gorder Minneapolis 27aug'17-28aug' 19 Ft Snell- ing. 1st Lieut Mach Gun Battn 77th Div. France. Par Gustav Gorder & Charlotte Weltzin. Norman Graff Brandon S D. Inger Granum Chetek Wis Sep'18 — Red Cross Nurse. Par Knut & Lena Granum (N Aurdal, Reinli, Etnedalen). Ivan Raymond Granum Amery Wis lOapr'18 Srgt 43d Co 20th Engrs Oversea 6may'18. Par Arne Granum & Marie Meiningen. Oscar Ahnpheldt Granum Amery Wis lOapr'18 — Srgt 43d Co 20th Engrs. Oversea 6may'18. Par Arne Granum & Marie Meiningen. Ole A Grefsrud Montevideo Minn May'18-12aug'19 Camp Lewis. Wagoner 34th Engrs. France juri8. Fa Anders s o Ole Reierson Grefsrud Rjzin. Mo Marit Hagene. Born R^n. Delmar Grinde Mt Horeb Wis. Frithjof Grinde Mt Horeb Wis. Reuben Grinde Mt Horeb Wis. Ole Grondahl Starbuck Minn. George Grove Fisher Minn. Fa Ole G Grove, Hedalen. Guy Grove Bismarck N D. Fa H G Grove, Hedalen. Mo fr Hedalen. Carl Gulbrandson Decorah la. B'ernt Gullikson Portland N D. Fa Gullik Gullikson, Slidre. Mo fr Reinli. Christopher Gunderhus Hatton N D Oversea. Par Hedal- en. Henry Gullickson Canby Ore 24jun'18 — Infantry. Pre- sidio. Par John Gullickson (Okshovd) & Marit Eker- bakke. Gerhard Gullikson Samish N D 22jun'18 — Camp Dodge Co VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 239 B 313th Engrs 9th Army Corps. Oversea 18aug'18. Par Tollef Okshovd & Ragnild Jjz^rstacl. Arthur Gulson Black Earth Wis. Oben Gnuderson Pilot N D 22juri8-oct'19 Camp Custer. France. Fa Iver E Gunderson (Nepstad). Mo Gud- brandsdj^l. Herbert Habberstad Lanesboro Minn 31 may' 18-31 may' 19 Co M 133d Inf 33d Div. Oversea 14jun'18. Fa Qle Hab- berstad. Mo Valdris. Adolph Habich Madison Wis 23jun'18 Army PoHce. Camp Shelby. Par Wm Habich & Marit Ellestad. Harry Haden Toronto S D 28nov'17-25mar'19 Ft Caswell N C 6th Anti Aircraft Batty. St Die Toul sector. Fa J L Haden, Dane. Mother's par Valdris. Otto S Hagen Ada Minn 19jun'18-18jun'19 Camp Douglas, Ft. Sill. Saddler H Q Co 11th Field Art. France 12jul'18 Par Andreas G (Beito) & Ingeborg, Vang. Nils N Hagenes Fairview Mont Co G 22d Engrs. Active service in France. Discharged 19juri9. Par Nils & Inge- h}0rg Haganes, Born N Aurdal. Agnes Gurine Hain MinneapoHs Nov'18 — Red Cross Nurse. Camp Fremont. Letterman Gen Hospital, March Field. Par O A Hain, Hedalen & Caroline Trondrud. Clarence Haldorson Flancock Minn 24feb'18-6juri9 Camp Dodge. Sergt. Oversea to France. Par Haldor Erikson, N Aurdal & Ragnild Etnedalen. Edmund Hall Ahnape Wis Called but did not serve. (Or- derdalen, (Skrautvaal). Alfred Halvorson Brant S D. Carl Halvorson Auburndale Wis Oversea. Par Arne Hal- vorson (Breiseth), Aurdal & Kari Anderson, W Slidre. Clarence A Halvorson Hay ton Wis 18juri8 Camp Custer Wagoner Field Art 328th Supply Co 85th Div France aug'18. Fa Ole Halvorson Skrautvaal. Mo Lena Hoide- berg. Christian Plalvorson Clay Banks Wis Par Ole Halvorson & Rangdi K Alvstad, both E Slidre. ' 240 THE VALDRIS BOOK Earl R Halverson Jasper Minn 24may'17-13aug'19 Gunnery Sergt, Marine Corps. Oversea 24may'18 St Mihiel, Champagne, Meuse-Argonne sectors. Coblenz. Citation for Distinguished and exceptional gallentry. Par An- drew & Beata Halverson. Grmo Gudborg Brager. Gustav A Halvorson Decorah la 26niay'18 Fort Dodge Co B 2>2>7 M G Battn. France. Par John Halvorson & Marit, Vang. Henry A Halvorson Auburndale Wis. Par Arne Halvor- son (Breiseth), Aurdal & Kari Anderson W Slidre. Herman Goodwin Halvorson Los Angeles Calif May'17-aug '19 Capt Q M Dept. Oversea jan'18. Par Erik Halvorson & Rangdi (Jevne) Bj2^. Henry Halvorson Estherville la Fa Tom Halvorson. (Myhre). John B Halvorson Emmons Minn 5may'17 — Camp Lewis. Srgt Co A 364th Inf. In Meuse-Argonne action. Par Hans & Louise Halvorson. Lawrence Halvorson York Wis. Fa Halvor Halvorson, N Aurdal (Turtlite). Odin Halvorson Clay Banks Wis 25juri8. Par Ole Halvor- son & Rangdi K Alvstad both E Slidre. Adolph J Hamre Granite Falls Minn Ensign Naval Re- serve. Eivind L Hamre Decorah la Jun'17 42d Div. Oversea nov '17. Killed in action 26juri8. Par Lars & Berit Hamre. Born Valdris. Elmer M Hamre Minneapolis 21sep'17-17apr'19 Corpl Co F 346th Inf. France. Mo Margaret H Hamre, V^ang. Helge O Hamre Erskine Minn Camp Mills. Oversea aug '18. Fa Ole J Hamre, Vang. Lars Hamre Decorah la. Par Lars & Berit Hamre. Born Valdris. Olaf L Hamre Decorah la Juri7 Camp Dodge Mechanic. Oversea Jun'18. Par Lars & Berit Hamre. Born Val- dris. Paul Hamre Erskine Minn. Fa Ole J. Hamre, Vang. VALDRISES IN THE WORLD WAR 241 Albert B Hanse Stevens Co Minn Artillery. Fa Lars L Hanse. Carl Hanson Minneapolis Jul'lS 58th Pioneer Inf. Camp Wadsworth. Fa Olaus Hanson. Mo Bertha Maria John- son (Hedalen, E Slidre). Casper Hanson Minneapolis May'18 58th Co Marines. Paris Island. Fa Olaus Hanson. Mo Bertha Maria Johnson (Hedalen, E Slidre). Christian Hanson Monterey Minn 22sep'17-12may'19 Co I 166th Inf 42d Div. Camps Dodge, Cody. On 4 fronts in France. Fa Nils Hanson Dane. Mo Sophia I Dallen, Aasebygden Bagn. Karl B Hanson Chicago Enl'l? Training East Lansing. Mich. Veterinarian. Par J C M & Sarah Hanson (S^rheim). John T Hanson Veblen S D Jan'18-aug'19 Camp Grant. Capt Inf. France sep'18. Par Hans J Hanson & Hannah C Veblen d o Thomas A Veblen & Kari Bunde. Leonard C Hanson Veblen S D loct'18 — 1st Sergt S A T C Cornell Univ. Inf. Bro John T Hanson. Otto Hanson Minneapolis 304th Field Art Camp Upton France. Fa Olaus Hanson. Mo Bertha Maria Johnson (Hedalen, E Slidre). Harry Harden Toronto S D. Floyd Harmon Mt Horeb Wis. Ingvald Harris Soldier la Aug'18 Camp Logan. Par Amund Harris & Gunild d o Ole & Ingeborg Soffebraaten. Ole Harris Soldier la 25feb'18 Camp Dodge. France lOmay '18. At front 3 mo. Gassed. Bro Ingvald Harris. Solomon Harris Soldier la 25juri8 Camp Gordon. France 12sep'18. Bro Ingvald Harris. Arnold Hasle Park River N D 19oct'18. Marines. Paris Island. France. Par Ole Hasle, Reinli & Siri Aamot Berdick Haugen Brookings S D Aviation service 2 years. Fa E E Haugen. Bennie E Haugen Dennison Minn Camp Grant. Edmend Haugen Brookings S D Engrs Corps 9 mo in France. Fa E E Haugen. 242 THE VALDRIS BOOK Elmer G Haugen Webster S D Corpl. Fa T E Haugen s o Knut Jorgcnscn Lomeii. Gjermund Haugen Decorah la Oversea. Par Thomas s o' Gjermud & Marit Haugen & Emma Haugen. Lauritz Haugen Northwood la 20 mo in Aviation service. Major. Fa Gilbert N Haugen. Mo Elise d o John Even- son Beitohaugen & Katrine d o Lensmand Johannes An- derson. Ole E Hedal Mercer N D 14jun'18 Wagoner 151st Am Co 38th Div 113tli Sanitary Train. N D Agr Coll; Shelby, Miss. Camp Mills. Oversea. Died of influenza. Par Nils s o Erik & Marit Hedahl E Slidre & Marit d o Sven & Guri Hedalen. Oscar A Hedahl Manfred N D 28mayT7. Yeoman 1st C U 5 S Nebraska. Par O S Hedahl, Hegge & Ingrid Jarstad, Volbu. Sven O Hedahl Manfred N D 24jun'18. Medical Corps. Camp Lewis. Par O S Hedahl & Ingri Jarstad. Sever Hedalen Dahlen N D. Par Nils T Hedalen E Slidre, 6 Kari Svenson. John Anthony Heen Dennison Minn 24jun'18-jun'19 Camps Grant, Mills. Oversea 21sep'18. In France 5 mo. Par C J Heen, Vang & Marit. Gunder Heen Maynard Minn. Par Gulbrand Heen & In- geborg Hemsing both Vang. Nels Heen Maynard Minn. Bro Gunder Heen. Oscar Hegg Osage la Died in England on way to France. Fa Even Hegg, N Aurdal. Joseph Hegseth Dennison Minn 24jun'18 Camp Grant France sep'18. Ozia Helgeson Valders Wis 26sep'18 Co A 5th Anti Air- craft. Camp Wadsworth. To France. ' In Submarine at- tack. Par Ole Helgeson, W. Slidre & Aagot Mjzirken Hegge. Jerome Helsen Clay Banks W^is Marines. Par Aaron Hel- sen, Swede & Martha Tollefson, Ulnes. Alfred Hendrikson Hancock Minn 25mar'18 —Co K 307th VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 243 Inf. Camp Lewis. Killed in action 19oct'18. Par Jul Hendriksen & Inger Aslagson both Aurdal. Helmer A Hendrikson Hancock Minn 24feb'18-8juri9 Campe Dodge. To France. Par A & Anna Hendriksen, Aurdal. Martin J Hendrikson Hancock Minn 27jun'18-14apr'19 Co G 148th Inf. Camp Grant. To France. Par Jul Hen- driksen & Inger Aslagson both Aurdal. Henry S Heskin Portland N D. Fa Sven N Heskin, Etne- dalen. Selmer Heskin Hatton N D llmay'18 In Ammunition Branch. Camps Fremont, Lee, Mills. Fa Syver Heskin (Brendehaugen), Etnedalen. Knut Hill Worthing S D 25jul'18 Co C 227th Mach Gun Battn. Camp Dodge. Died in France. Fa Zacharias T Hill. (Fodnes, N Aurdal). Oscar Hills Canby Ore 4jun'17 Corpl Reg Army. Co I 76th Regt. Camp Lewis. Par Knut O Hills (Bakko), N Aurdal & Guro Bjornson, S Aurdal JuHa E Hippe Cyrus Minn 12nov'17-16jun'19 Nurse U S N R F. Camp Bremerton, Wash. Par Iver I Hippe & An- ne Eriksd Onstad (Bratstigen). Edwin Hofif Soldier la Feb'18 — Camp Dodge. At front in France 3 mo. Fa Erick s o Erik & Inger Hoff, N Aurdal. Mo Andrine Hoff. Halbert Holian Maynard Minn Died in France. Par K H Holian & Ingeborg d o Thos K Tasa. Kenneth E Holian Maynard Minn. Par Knut H Holian & Marie d o Erik K Viken & Berit Kattevold. Rudolph Holian Maynard Minn Commissary Dept, Great Lakes. Par Knut H Holian & Inge'borg d o Thos K Tasa. Thomas Holian Maynard Minn. Bro Halbert. Berner Holmen Mayville N D 5sep'18-25feb'19. Fa B^re Holmen, Hedemarken. Mo Kari Viste. Bernard Hope Nerstrand Minn Marines may'18. Mo Val- dris. 244 THE VALDRIS BOOK Henry Hougen Valders Wis 5may'18 Co K 6th In£ Camp Wadsworth. France. Par Thorvald Hougen & Julia Berge. (Dovre, Hougen). Clarence Theodore Hoverson Valley City N D '17-sep'19 1st Lieut. Batty A 10th F A. Ft Snelling. Wounded Chateau Thierry. Dangerously wounded in Argonne Woods. Cited for Extraord Heroism. Recommend for DSC. Fa Ed Hoverson (Lerskogen). Mo fr N Aurdal. Henry Alvin Hoverson Ollie Mont '17-jan'19 Enl in Navy. Vol in Armed Guard. Gunner's Mate on several ships. Prom Commander gun crew on transport. Once wounded. Fa Ed Hoverson (Lerskogen). Mo N Aurdal. Thora Hoverson Beach N D Red Cross Nurse. Fa Ed Hoverson (Lerskogen) Mo N Aurdal. Andrew Thompson Hoverstad Minneapolis S A T C Minn Univ. Par Prof Torger A Hoverstad & Mary Thompson. Thorstein Hoverstad Maynard Minn Fa A T Hoverstad. Mo Lerohl, both Vang. Carl A Hovey Manfred N D 3oct'17-27apr'19 Co M 127th Inf. 32d Div. Camp Lewis. France 5jan'18 w 41st Div. Gassed in the Argonne. Par Nils O Hove, E Slidre & Marit Hoyme W Slidre. Thomas Edward Hovey Burtrum Minn Co F 344th Inf. France Jul'lS Died of pneumonia 31oct'18. Fa Peter T Hovey, E Slidre. Mo fr Lserdal. Christian Hoyme Minneapolis Major. Active service 6 mo. Captain Motor Transport Corps. Chateau Thierry and other battles. Fa Rev Gjermund Hoyme. Gust Gulikson Hoyme Kintyre N D Twice severely wound- ed in France. Harold Hoyme Minneapolis Sergt. Recruting Officer Tank Service. Fa Rev Gjermund Hoyme. Olaf P Hoyme Edgerton Minn. Par fr W Slidre. Anton Huseth Black Earth Wis. Elmer A Huset Hatton N D Oct'18 1st Lieut Chaplain Ft Snelling. Fa Lewis L Huset, Hedalen. Henry Huseth Black Earth Wis. VALDRISES IN THE WORLD WAR 245 John Huset Hatton N D. Lewis Huset Hatton N D. Roy A Huseth Maplegrove Wis 2apr'17-28mar'19 To France. Par Erik E Huseth, Skrautvaal — Olia K Sten- seth, Etnedalen. Rudolph Huseth Dallas Wis. Lewis Irgens Farwell Minn 4sep'18-7dec'18 Limited Serv- ice Camp Grant. Par Ole & Oline (Skogen) Irgens. Martin Irgens Farwell Minn Jan'18 In Canadian Army, to England 46th Battn Canadian Army. France aug'18. Ac- tive service till armistice. Par Ole & Oline (Skogen) Ir- gens. Victor Irgens Farwell Minn Apr'17 Co I 135 Inf. Camp Cody. Officers Training School. 2d Lieut Co H 136th Inf. France and Army of Occupation. Par Ole & Oline (Skogen) Irgens. Delos Isaacs Sioux City la jun'17 Sergt. Amb Corps. Camp Cody. France. Par J C Isaacs (Kampen), N Aurdal, & Julia Nappen Telemark. Reuben E Isaacs Hartley la May'18-jan'19 Fa John Isaacs, Svenes (Kampen). Vernon V Isaacs Forest City Apr'18 Med Corps. Ft Des Moines. Died 6nov'18. Fa John Isaacs Svenes (Kam- pen). Carl Iverson Osage la. lsep'18-dec'19. S A T C. Par Gil- bert Iverson, Hedalen & Ragnild Enger, Begndalen. Elmer O Iverson Altamount S D ljuri8 2d Lieut Camps Funston, Joseph E Johnston. Par Ole s o John Dahl & Mary d o Iver Tostenson Hagen both Slidre. Oliver G Iverson Osage, la. 25may'18-9jan'19. Camp Dodge. Bro Carl Iverson. Peter F Iverson Osage la. 18sep'17-27aug'19. France. Aisne, Marne, Vesle, St. Mihiel & Meuse-Argonne fronts. Bro Carl Iverson. Philip Iverson Harrisburg S D. Arthur Jackson Red Lake Falls Minn 15sep'18 H Q Co 2d 246 THE VALDRIS BOOK Inf. Camp Dodge. Par Knut C Jackson, N Aurdal & Maria Egge, W. Slidre, (Cliffgaard, Egge). James J Jackson Red Lake Falls Minn 23feb'18 Co B 33d Engrs. Camp Dodge. France. Par Knut C Jackson & Maria Egge. O S Jacobs Hudson Wis 19jun'i7 Inf. Camp Llano Grande. Par A O Jacobs & Anna Braaten both Aurdal (B^rse- lien). Herman Jacobson Mt Horeb Wis. Jacob Jacobson Ryder N D. Noris Jacobson Nekoma N D. Stanley Jacobson Mt Horeb Wis. Joseph Jarstad Goodhue Co Minn. Loyd Jeglum Estherville la. Fa C L Jeglum. Grfa A O Myhre. Henry Jensvold Duluth Minn lsep'18-janl9Corpl S A T C Minn U. Par John & Lena Jensvold. Grandpar Valdris & Land. John D Jensvold Duluth Minn 27aug'17-12feb'19 1st Lt 339th Field Art. Ft Snelling, Camp Dodge, Ft Sill. France. 22aug'18. Par John & Lena Jensvold. Roy Jensvold Fenton la. Walter Jensvold Fenton la. Jens Peter Jensen Bryant S D 28aug'18-25jan'19 Co C 30th Mach Gun Battn 10th Div. Camp Funston. Fa P Jensen Dane. Mo is Grandd of Oie D^nhaug. Geo C Jevne Decorah la 26may'18- 352d Inf. 88th Div. Camp Dodge. France. Fa G Gullikson, Vang. Elmer Johnson Sioux City la Srgt Q M Corps. France. Par Albert Johnson, Swede & Ingrid (Gausaak), N Aur. dal. Gilbert Johnson Grand Forks N D 7sep'17-14jan'19 5th Battn Central Div. Camp Dodge, Ft Robinson, R I Ar- senal, Camp Funston. Fa Jorgen J Johnsrud, Hedalen. Born Hedalen. Glenn M Johnson Soldier la Juri7 — Srgt. Camp Newport News. Par John C & Sarah Johnson, N Aurdal. VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 247 Gustav Johnson Stanley Wis lapr'18 Spply Co 3d U S Inf. Fa Knut Johnson, W Slidre. Henry O Johnson Stanwood Wash Spring '18-dec'18 Spruce Camp Melbourne Wash. Par Knut Johnson Ulven, W Slidre & Ragnild d o Gulbrand Kvale, W Slidre. John C Johnson Stanley Wis Spring-'l/ — Co C 120th Mach Gun Battn 32d Div. Oversea feb'18. In many battles. Fa Knut Johnson, W Slidre. Leonard M Johnson Marion Ind. Fa B M Johnson. Noble J Johnson Newman Grove Nebr 17may'18-12aug'19 Srgt Co B 2d Engrs 2d Div. Camp Baker. France lOsep '18. In 7 battles. Par Ole Johnson Haugen, Svenes & Carrie fr Tromsoe. Oscar Johnson Dallas Wis. Oswald Johnson Osage la. Sam S Johnson Newman Grove Nebr 29aug'18-20jun'19 Co H 41st Inf 10th Div. Camp Funston. Par Ole Johnson Haugen & Carrie. Silas Johnson Mt Horeb Wis. Vogle C Johnson Soldier la Jun'18 — 1st Lieut Aviation Kelly Field Tex. Par John C & Sarah Johnson, N Aur- dal. ' Edward Simon Johnsrud Montevideo Minn 19sep'17 — 14th Engrs. Camp Dodge. Died in England 12oct'18. Par Thorsten s o John K Johnsrud, E Slidre & Elise Chris- tensen, Trondhjem. Elmer Johnsrud Montevideo Minn. Par Ole s o John K Johnsrud & Carrie Huseby. Hjalmar Johnsrud Montevideo Minn. Par Thorsten s o John K Johnsrud & Elise Christensen. Frank Jome Forestville Wis. Par Knut Jome, Skrautvaal & Karen Riis Gj^rpen. Hiram Jome Forestville W^is 5may'18 — Dunwody, Har- vard, Transports. Radio Signal Corps. Oversea. Par Knut Jome & Karen Riis. Clarence J Jonsrud Mantiowac Wis. Sanford Jorgens Grand Meadow Minn 24feb'18 — Co E 248 THE VALDRIS BOOK * 132d Inf. 33d Div. Camp Logan. Oversea 17may'18. In Meuse-Argonne Off, Verdun Sector. Fa fr Aurdal. Mo fr Ringerike George "Jorgenson Jr Door Co Wis. Par Joger s o Enge- bret & Marit (Flaten) Skrautvaal & Bertha Paarman. Osten Jorgenson Door Co Wis Short service. Par Joger Jorgenson & Bertha Paarman. George Jiilson Mondovi Wis 21sep'17-aug'19 Camps Grant, Stewart, Newport News. Transportation of Horses to France. Par Jul & Gjertrud Bjorgo, N Aurdal. Herman Karlsgodt Jr Minneapolis 17may'18 Corpl Co B 61st Engrs Ft Benj Harrison. To France. Par Herman s o Ole & Marit Karlsgodt & Anne d o Syver & Thora Hj^l- ersaeteren, Bagn. Albert J Kasa Dennison Minn 26juri8-'19 54th Pioneer Inf. Camp Wadsworth. Oversea 26aug'18. Par Helge E Kasa & Ingri Oldre, Vang. Helmer I Kasa Dennison Minn 26juri8 — 54 Pioneer Inf. France and Germany. Par Iver H Kasa & Dina Hansd (Holien). Oscar H Kasa Dennison Minn 15jun'18-21janT9 Co A 73d Engrs. Minn U, Washington Barracks, Camp Dodge. Par Helge Kasa & Ingri Oldre. Lars Sigurd Kildahl St Paul Minn Oct'18-feb'19 Seaman. Great Lakes Officers Material School. Par Rev J N Kil- dahl & d o Lars Soine, Vang. Thorvald Kjensrud Portland N D. Fa Erik T Kjensrud, Hedalen. Mo fr Begndalen. H O Kjome Thief River Falls Minn Sep'17— R O T C Ft Snelling. Torsten H Kjorlien Bawlf Alta Canada 7feb'18— 50th Battn. England lmay'18. France aug'18. Battles Camry & Valenciennes. Par Halvor Knudsen & 'Ingeborg Kjorlien. Gilbert Kjos Sioux City la May'19 Machine Corps. Camp Fremont. Par Martin Kj0s & Annie O Holien, Vang. Herbert I Klemesrud Meroa la 19jun'18 — Chaffeur 115th Supply Train. Camps Lewis, Kearny. France. Argonne, VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 249 Metz drives. Par Harald K Klemesrud & Ingeborg Maakestad. Carl Kleven Aneta N D Camp Custer 6 mo. Par Ole An- derson Kleven, Aurdal & Ingeborg Smaland Etnedalen. Ole Kleven Spring Valley Wis Jul'lS— Camp Custer. Died at camp. Fa Ole s o Ole & Anne Kleven, W Slidre. Mo Toneta fr Etnedalen. Axel Knudson Portland N D Fa K S Knudson. Reinli. Ingvald Knudson Benson Minn France. Mo Dorte Gul- brandson, N Aurdal. Louis M Knudson Valders Wis. Norman E Knudson New York City 22aug'17-apr'19 Medi- cal Corps. Oversea to France. Par C A Knudson & H Caroline Hanson Grpar Valdrises. Raymond O Knudson Milwaukee Wis 7may'17-may'19. 107th Engrs 32d Div. Camps Douglass, McArthur. Over- sea to Frnace. Survivor of Tuscania. Par C A Knudson & H Caroline Hanson. Chris Knutson Brandt S D Corpl Engrs. Cornelius Knutson Auburndale Wis. Earl Knutson Soldier la Juri7 — Seaman, Great Lakes. Oversea. Par Knut & Ella Knutson, both N Aurdal. Gustav Knutson Sacred Heart Minn 28aug'18 — Co D 1st Inf. Camp Lewis. Par Hans M Knutson (Skogstad) & Guri Svean. John E Knudson Hatton N D 29apr'18-may'19 Camp Travis. France ISjun'lS. In 3 drives, once gassed. Par Engebret Knutson & Sigri, both W Slidre (Landsrud). Julius C Knutson Auburndale Wis Camp Grant. Police duty in Germany. Par Karl Knutson & Marit Rudie. Karenus Knutson Grand Meadow Minn. Lewis Knutson Hatton N D Jul'lS — Hospital Corps. Camp Custer. Oversea Aug'18. Par Iver & Elisebet Knutson, Aurdal (GrjzJndal). Olaf Knutson Hatton N D 23sep'17 — Infantry. Camp Dodge. Killed in Action in France 28sep'18. Par Iver & Elisebet Knutson. 250 THE VALDRIS BOOK Sever H Knutson Brandt S D Died in camp. Par Halvor Knutson & Kari, N Aurdal (Blanke, Bakke). Theodore Knutson Auburndale Wis Camp Grant. Oversea. Par Johannes Knutson Kalstad & Ingri Svensen. Elmer Kobbervig Mt Horeb Wis. Henry Kobbervig Mt Horeb Wis, Henry Kolstad Forestville Wis called, no service. Par Knut & Rangdi Kolstad. Joseph J Kalstad Goodhue Co Minn France. Nordan Kolstad Montevideo Minn 24feb'18-10jun'19 45th Co 20th Engrs 82d Div. Camp Dodge. Gassed in France. Par Nils s o Tosten Kolstad & Marit Klokkergaarden & Maria Torgerson both W Slidre. Ole Kolstad Forestville Wis 25jul'18— Camp Taylor. Par Knut & Ragndi Kolstad, E Slidre. Victor Kolstad Forestville Wis 25juri8 — Camp Taylor. Par Knut & Rangdi C Kolstad both E Slidre (Myren). Clarence Kompelien Blue Mounds Wis. Selmer Kompelien Blue Mounds Wis. Syver Kompelien Pinecreek Minn. Fa Knut Kompelien Etnedalen. Edwin Korstad Trosky Minn 25apr'17— Co B 18th Inf 1st Div. Camp Daglas. Wonuded at Soisson 20julT8. Killed near Exemont 7oct'18. Fa Lars s o Even Larsen Kros- haug & Rangdi I\Iadsd Aastad. Mo d o Ole K Roble, E Slidre & Jorand d o Sven O Ode & Anne E Vik. Otis Korstad Valders Wis. Carl Kringle Webster Wis 14niay'18 — Air Service. Camp East Lansing, Mich. Oversea 7aug'18. Par Nils A Krin- gle & Olia Brenden. Robert G Kringle Maple Grove Wis Sep'17-15jun'19 129th Inf. 33d Div. Camp Logan. Oversea France. Par Gabriel A Kringle, Etnedalen & Barbro E Herset, Skrutvold. Clarence Kringle Portland N D Oversea Par Simon Knut- son Kringlie, Etnedalen & . . ., Heskin. Marcus Kringlie Portland N D. Par Mr & Mrs Simon Kringlie. VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 251 Alfred Joseph Kvale Benson Minn Jun'18 — Musician 17th Regt Band Great Lakes. On U S S Manchuria from Nov '18. Fa Rev O J Kvale s o Juul T Kvale & Gro Egge. Mo Ida Tonette d o Thrond Simley & Gertrude Lindelien. Gilbert O Kvale Decorah la 15apr'18-21may'19 Co C 307th Engrs. Jeff Barracks, Camp Merritt. France jun'18. Toul, Marbache, St Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne. Fa Ole s o Gu- brand & Guri Kvale, W Slidre. Mo Ragnild d o Sven & Guri Dale, E Slidre. Paul Johan Kvale Benson Minn Sep'17 Srgt Co D 333d Mach Gun Battn 16th Div. Camp Grant. Oversea aug'18. in France 1 year. Par Rev O J & Ida Kvale. Theodore Kvale Decorah la 18sep'17-25jan'19 Corpl 253d Aero Squadron. Par Ole G & Ragnild Kvale. Halbert Kvall Grand Meadow Minn 25may'18-31jul'19 Camp Kearny. Oversea 22nug'18. Fa Sever Kvall, S Aur- dal. Bennie Lajord Elbow^ Lake Minn Oversea. In action in France. Alf Idian Landmark Sisseton S D 21sep'17 Co B 114th Mach Gun Battn. Camp Funston. France. On fighting line 4 mo. Par Ingvald Landmark & Inga Hensrud, both N Aurdal. Gustav Thorbjorn Landmark Sisseton S D 24jun'18 Co L 350th Inf. 88th Div. Camps Funston, Dodge. France. Par Ingvald & Inga Landmark. Even Landsrud Decorah la Spring'17— 1st la Cavalry. Wounded in France oct'18. Died of pneumonia 17oct'18. Par K E & Carrie Landsrud. W O Landsrud Dagmar Mont 6dec'17-21dec'18 Chauffer 187th Aair Squadron. England 6 mo. Par Torger E Landsrud & Ambjor R0vang, both Slidre. Albert M Lane Decorah la 20jun'18 — Great Lakes. Died 4oct'18. Par Andrew Lane & Mary d o Ole & Ida Bye. Roy Lane Dacorah la llmar'18 — Coast Art. Camp Ft Moultrie. Oversea juri8. Par Andrew & Marie (Bye) Lane. 252 THE VALDRIS BOOK Henry Langen Maynard Minn Music Corps Great Lakes France. Par Anders Langen, Trondhjem & Marit d o Jobs Torstad & Ambjjzir Lerohl. Martin Langen Maynard Minn In Aviation camp in Eng- land. Par Anders & Marit Langen. Christ Larson Black Earth Wis. George P Larsen Becker Minn. George W Larson Forestville Wis Camp Dodge. Died in Camp oct'17. Par Martin Larson & Sophie d o G J An- derson. Guy Larson Forestville Wis 25jul'18-28feb.'19 Batty D 325th Field Art 84 Div. Camp Taylor. West Point, Ky. France. Par H A Larson Ssebojzidegaarden & Marit d o G J Anderson. Henry I Larson Toronto S D 27jun'18-10mar'19 Co F 20th Regt. Camp Funston. Par Halvor Larson Bruflat & In- ger Mathia Eriksd Bruflat. Albert Lee Mt Horeb Wis. Amos Lee Soldier la Aug'18 — Marines. France nov'18. Par Mikkel s o Knut M & Kari Lee & Lena. Clarence A Lee'Pencer Minn Sergt. Fa John Lee. Clifford Lee Morris Minn Officer in France. Elmer Lee Moorhead la Aug'18 — Trained for Mechani- cian Ames la. Par Erick & Bertha Lee, N Aurdal. Hannah Alice Lee Lennox S D Army Nurse Corps. Camp Logan. Oversea. Par Ole A Lee, N Aurdal & Andrine. Lewis Lee Oldham S D. Oliver Lee Mt Horeb Wis. Orren Lee Soldier la Aug'18 — Marines France nov'18. Par Mikkel s o Knut M & Kari Lee, N Aurdal & Lena. William Lee Soldier la Aug'18 — Camp Logan. Par Mar- tin & Kari Lee, N Aurdal. Helmer Leffengren Row^e S D. Andrew O Lerol Hatton N D 24jun'18 — Provost Guard. Camp Cody. Par O F Lerol & Bergit. Milton Lewis Blanchardville Wis 29may'18-21jun'19 Mach Gun Co 54th Inf. Camp Wadsworth. France. Fa Ed- VALDRISES IN THE WORLD WAR 253 ward Lewis Garthushaugen Grfa Lars Halstenson Kris- tiansmoen. Carl Lien Salol Minn. Edd Melvin Lien Salol Minn. Fa Knut Lien. Elmer Lien Salol Minn. Elmer Herman Lien Decorah la 18sep'17-5apr'19 M G Co 58th Inf. 4th Div. Camp Dodge. Wounded Chateau Thierry 6aug'18. Par Christopher G & Christine (Jevne) Lien. Vang. Gullik Lien Calmar la Called but no service. Par Chris- topher G Lien & Christine Jevne. Nels T Lien Salol Minn. Fa Knut Lien. Nils Lien Red Wing Minn Home Guards. Fa Carl N Lien. Olaus Mikkelson Lien Hancock Minn Mechanician Gun Co. France. Slightly wounded. Mo Anna O Heskin. Alfred Lindelien Grand Meadow Minn 18sep'17-17jun'19 Band Corpl H Q Co 313 Engs. Camp Dodge. France 16 aug'18. Center Sector, Alsace. Fa Ole s o Amund J Lin- delien, S Aurdal. Eugene Lindelien Grand Meadow Minn lloct'18 — Ft Snelling S A T C. Fa Ole G Lindelien. Arthur Lockrem Northfield Minn. Fred Lockrem Northfield Minn Nels Lockrem Cannon Falls Minn 16jul'17— M G Co 144th Inf 36th Div. Camp Cody. Oversea. Fa Lars s o Chris- tofifer Lockrem & Berit Hoverstad. Mo Gertrude d o Nils Dalbotten, Sogn. Frithjof Loe Minneapolis 14aug'18 — Top Srgt Inf. Jeffer- son Barracks. France. Par Syver Loe, N Aurdal & Berit O Kvale, Vang. Grpar fr Rustebakke, S Aurdal. Raymond Hubert Loe Madison Wis Jul'18 —Co B 214th Engrs. Camp Forrest. Died in camp 15oct'18. Fa H E Loe, N Aurdal. Clarence Lokke Grand Meadow Minn Corpl. Gilbert Lokke Menomonie Mich 15may'17 — 2d Lieut Inf. Ft Sheridan. France, Depot Division. Fa T H Lokke, Aadalen. 254 THE VALDRIS BOOK Alfred J Lomen Nome Alaska Oct'18 Ft Davis, Camp Lew- is. Fa Gudbrand s o }0rgen & Elisabeth (Brandt) Lo- men, Slidre. Mo Julia E M Joys, Kristiania. Ernest Lomen Baiidette Minn 18dec'17 — Jefferson Bar- racks, O T C, Camp Gordon. Lieut Nov'18. Fa Jorgen s o Jjzirgen & Elisabeth (Brandt) Lomen. Mo Augusta Erickson. Ralph Lomen Nome Alaska Oct'18 Ft Davis, Camp Lewis. Par Gudbrand J &. Julia Lomen. Dr A P Lommen Lanesboro Minn 5nov'18 — Capt Med Corps. Camp Shelby Miss. Edward H Lovhaug Montevideo Minn 25may'18-7may'19 Casual Detacht 388 163d D B. Camp Lewis. France. Fa Erik s o Erik Lovhaug & Ingeborg Olsd. Mo Ingeborg Halstensd. John O Lovhaug Montevideo Minn 9sepl7-17nov'19 Co B 135th Inf. France ljul'18. Wounded St Mihiel 2sep'18. Par E E & Ingeborg Lovhaug. Alfred Lucken Portland N D. John Luder Mt Horeb Wis. Geo Lukken Mt Horeb Wis. Elmer Lunda Mt Horeb Wis. Erik Lunda Glencoe Minn llsep'18-'19 U S Marines. Mare Island. To Hawaii, P I, Borneo, etc. Par Anton & Marit Bratrud. Grpar Mikkel & Marit Braaten ; Erik & Anne Lunde. All Bagn. Joseph Lunda Mt Horeb Wis. Melvin Lunda Mt Horeb Wis. Sigurd A Lunda Glencoe Minn 24jun'18— 306th Inf 77th Div. Camp Kearny. France. Aleuse Argonne battles. Bro Erik Lnuda. James Lunde Mt Horeb Wis. Gabriel Lunde Warwick N D 24may'18-20jun'19 Oversea 24aug'18. At four fronts. Last 9th Army Corps. Fa Nils s o Mikkel & Olia Olsenpladsen Bagn Mo Gunild d o Syver & Ingeborg Hellanshjzilen Bagn. Adolph Lybeck Grand Meadow Minn. VALDRISES IN THE WORLD WAR 255 James Lynch Great Falls Mont 4sep'17 — France dec'17 Killed in action 23juri8. Par Dennis Lynch Canada & Ingeborg Viste. Chester Lysen Hancock Minn 19sep'18-may'19 Camp Dodge. Was in Argonne Wood, there surrounded 6 days. Par Peder O Lysen & Marit K Hovrud, Aurdal. Malvin Lysen Hancock Minn Served till Aug'19 Camp Wadsworth. France. Par Peder O Lysen & Marit K Hovrud. Harold Lysne Northfield Minn 12may'17-18apr'19 Marines. Camps Mare Island, Quantico. 78th Co 6th Regt 2d Div. Verdun Sector, Belleau Wood. Par Mr and Mrs J O Lysne. Mo fr Vang. Dr Henry Lysne Minneapolis Minn 1st Lieut Med Corps Ft Riley. Par Mr and Mrs JO Lysne. John Theodore Maakestad Osage la 22feb'18-26may'19. 325th Inf 82d Div. Camp Gordon. Oversea. Par S J Maakestad & Antonetta Docken d o Tidemand & Gun- hild, Hedalen. Oscar Magistad Door Co Wis Training Madison Wis. Par Gulbrand O Magistad & Maria Hove E Slidre. Vernon Martin Mt Horeb Wis. Roraaine Martinson Estherville la Grandnephew of A O Myhre. Emil Matson Mt Horeb Wis. Carl H Meyrick Decorah la 29mayT8- 2nd Lieut F A. Camp Taylor, Ft. Sheridan. Fa W C Meyrick. Mo Christine Halvorson (Groven) d o Guro Christopherson Bjjzirhus. Harold A Meyrick Decorah la 29mayT8 Ft Sheridan, SAT C la Univ. Par W C & Christine Halvorson Meyrick. Carl Johan Michelson Black Earth Wis Jul'17— Srgt 128th Inf. 32d Div. Camps Grant, Douglas, Waco. Oversea jan '18. Chateau Thierry, Soissons, Juvigny, Argonne. Over top 15 times. Wounded. Fa A A Michelson. Grpar Arne & Kari Vasfaret, E Aurdal. Clarence Arthur Mickelson Black Earth Wis 30mar'18 — 256 THE VALDRIS BOOK Suppy Co 353d Inf 89th Div. Killed in action 5nov'18. Fa Ever A Mickelson. Herman Mickelson Black Earth Wis 24jul'18— Co I 11 1th Inf 28th Div. Several times at front. Killed 23oct'18 in ac- tion. Par fr Gladhaug & Viken, S Aurdal. Alfred Mikkelson Forestville Wis. Par Henrik Mikkelson, Ulnes & Marit Eliason, Skrautvall. Elmer Mikkelson Ross Minn (Hedalen). Henry Mikkelson Forestville Wis 25juri8 — Camp Taylor. Par Henrik Mikkelson & Marit Eliason. Guy Enoch Moe Decorah la 13apr'17— Corpl Co E 168th Inf. Camp Dodge. Killed in action in France 31juri8. Went over the top 16 times. ' Fa Ole G Mde, Slidre. Grpar Thor & Maria Hove. Tony Garfield Moe Decorah la 19sep'17 — Camp Dodge Truck Driver in France. Bro Guy E Moe. Oscar J Moen Jasper Minn 27junT8-lljunT9 Bugler Co L 349 Inf 88th Div. Camps Funston, Dodge. France 9aug '18. To front 26oct'18. Fa Gulick Moen. Mo Mary d o Ole & Kjersti Ouissel. Uldrik Moen Shawnee N D 29mar'18 — Camps Dodge Mills. 139th Inf 35th Div. Fell in battle 27sep'18. Par An- drew U Moe, N Aurdal & Karoline fr Hedemarken. Hans Moen Klevenville Wis. Sigvart M Mohn Northfield Minn Jefferson Barracks. Over- sea. Par Prof Th N Mohn & Anna E Ringstad. Olaf Mork Hancock Minn Marines. Par Ole Mork & Anna Mikkelson Lien, N Aurdal. Albert Myhre Grand Meadow Minn 22octT8 — Engineers. Camp Forrest. Par Nels E Myhre, N Aurdal & Kari, S Aurdal. Alfred E Myhre Grand Meadow Minn 2may'18 —Corpl 53d Inf 6th Div Reg. Camp Wadsworth. France. Par An- drew Myhre, N Aurdal & Julia Halvorson. Archer Arden Myhre Estherville la 21juri8-6mar'19 Co F 161st Inf 41st Div. Camp Pike. France. Fa Oliver s o Oliver I Myhre, Vang & Gunil Maria Solberg. VALDRISES IN THE WORLD WAR 257 Elton Raymond Myhre St Louis Mo Nov'17-may'19 Elex- trician. Wireless operator U S Navy. Trained Harvard Univ. France. Torpedoed aboard U S S Mt Vernon. Fa Olaus G Myhre. Mo Maud Gait, Skien. Grfa A O Myhre. Nels Myhre Minneota Minn 25jun'18-20jan'19 Chem War- fare Service, Astoria, Long Island. Fa Thrond Nilsen Myhre, Vang. Sandy Myhre Luverne Minn 24jun'18 — Arthur L Myrland Madison Wis 19feb'16— Sen Lieut. U S Navy. Philippines, Asiatic Waters, China. Par A J Myrland & Lina Anderson, S Aurdal. Otto E Myrland Madison Wis Jun'16-niar'19 2d Lieut. Mexican Border, O T C Camp Dodge. Par A J Myr- land & Lina Anderson, S Aurdal. Ole Andrew Navrud Soldier la Mjul'lS — Camp Moose- heart 111. Par Sven Navrud s o Ole & Anna Navrud & Sophia both Reinli. Ernest Raymond Nefstad Oral S D Co L 451st Inf. France. Died of influenza. Par E E Nefstad & Carrie, Telemar- ken. Alfred Nelson Madison Minn Oct'18 Motor Truck Corps. Par Syver Nelson Aaberg & Astrid Engebretsd. Bennie Nelson Adams Minn Oversea. Chester Nelson Toronto S D. George Nelson Adams Minn Oversea. Lost foot in action. Gilbert Nelson Harlem Mont OctT8-dec'19 Corpl Inf. Camp Angel Islands. To Siberia. Par Ole Nelson & Mary d o Halvor & Ingeborg Lee, Reinli. Joseph S Nelson Madison Minn 5aprT8 — Batty A Field Art. Univ Cincinnati, Camp Jackson. France. Par Syver Nelson Aaberg & Astrid Engebretsd. Norman G Nelson Wittenberg Wis 17may'17-augl9 Great Lakes. 5 trips over ocean. Transport Service. Par Ole O Nelson (Strande) Volbu & d o Gulbrand O Kj^k & Mar- it Knutsd Kvale. 2r.S THE VALDRTS BOOK Nerval Nelson Dallas Wis 7sep'17-16may'19 132 Inf Camp Grant France. Ole H Nelson Dallas Wis 23jul'17-18teb'19 Camp Grant. Par Hans Nelson, Etnedalen & Sigri Rud, Bagn. Oliver A Nelson Sionx Falls S D 15jul'17,-jul'19 Co G 127 Mach Gun Battn. Camp Cody. France, Par Albert & Bertha Nelson. (Rjzivang). Oscar Nelson Toronto S D. Raymond Nelson Mt Horeb Wis. Samuel R Nelson Madison Minn 23juri8— H Q Co 3d Pioneer Inf. Camp Wadsworth. France. Par Syver Nelson Aaberg & Astrid Engebretsd. Selmer Nelson Midland S D. Charlie H Ness Sioux City la 28sep'17 — Ambulance Corps. Camp Cody. France. Par Tom Ness, Numedal & Mari Ulness. N Aurdal. Theo Neste Darrington W^ash lsep'17-13jim'19 Corpl Co F 1st Engrs. Overseas 25nov'17. With first Am units at front. Gassed. Par Ole s o Knut & Ingri Neste & Kari d o Ola G & Marit N R^n. Jul T Neste Mekinock N D dec'17— Camps Dodge, Pike. Par T E s o E K Neste & Anna K Vik, W Slidre & Sarah Hamre. Theodore Neste Sioux City la sep'17 — Par Peder Neste & Ragnhild (Steine) Kj^s. Tillman J Norby Nora Springs la 22feb'18-mar'19. Farrier. Vet Hosp, Animal Embark Depot 301. Camp Dodge, Camp Hill. Par Olaus Halstenson Norby, Hedalen & Sigrid Fosholdt, Hedalen. Sven Nordaker Soldier la 4aug'17 — Camp Dodge. Par Ole s o Andr & Berthe Nordaker & George & Jennie John- son, N Aurdal. Martin Norstebon Roseau Minn France. Clarence O Norsving Maynard Minn Hospital Corps. Par Ole Norsving & Kari Syversd Strand both Vang. Melvin Nygaard Mt Horeb Wis. VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 259 Aaron Xyhagen Manitowoc Wis. Fa Knut Nyhagen, E Slidre. Bennie Nystuen Northetild Minn Oversea. James A C Oakes Portland Ore Co I 361st Inf 91st Div Srgt. In Argonne action. His Mo Elizabeth Oakes d o Guri (Mrs A K Anderson) Halvorsd Grj^ven. Clarence G Odden Benson Minn 131st Engrs. France. Re- turned juri9. Par K K Odden, Skraiitvaal & Guri Gut- tormson, Etnedalen. Emil Odden Portland N D. Fa Jorgen O Odden, Begndalen. Mo fr N Aurdal. Henry Ode Brandon S D 28jun'18 — Mach Gunner. Camp Dodge. France. Fa Austin Pedersen Ode. Henry G Ode Duxby Minn 235th Co Mil Police. Oversea. Ret 16jul'19. Austin C Odegaard Sedgwick S D 5oct'17— Batty C 341st F A. Camp Funston. France jun'18. Fa Christopher Zak- ariason Odegaard, Vang. _ Herman Odegaard Jamestown Wis nov'17 — Fa Nils s o Zacharias & Ingeleiv Odegaard. Oscar M Odegaard Canton S D 5oct'17 — Inf. Camp Fun- ston. Oversea feb'18. Served on 5 battle fronts. Fa Ole T Odegard, Reinlie. Reuben T Odegaard Canton S D 5mar'18 — Med Corps. Camp Funston. Base Hosp No. 3, Paris. Fa O T Ode- gaard, Reinli. Albert Oien Goodhue County Minn. Clarence Okan Minneapolis 6th Antiaircraft Mach Gun Batt. Camp Wadsworth. Par Christ Okan & Gertrude d o Thomas & Christine Haugen, W Slidre. Oswald Okan Minneapolis 26juri8 — Camp Wadsworth. Bro Clarence Okan. Albert N Oldre Kenneth Minn. Elmer Oliverson Toronto S D. Arthur Olson Soldier la 25juri8 — Camp Gordon. Landed France 12sep'18. At front 3 weeks. Par Arne s o Ole 260 THE VALDRIS BOOK & Ingeborg S^rbraaten & Dorthea d o Knut & Inge Bak- kene, N Aurdal. Bennie C Olson St Paul Minn 3may'18 — Supply Co 1st F A. Ft Sill. Par Andrew s o Ole Anderson Klevgaard, Etnedalen & Christine, Etnedalen. Charles O Olson Deer Park Wis 29apr'i8-4sep'19 Camp Grant, Eagle Pass, Border service, Par John Olson Tr0n, Nesja & Ingeborg Olsd Snorthem. Clarence Magnus Olson Tioga N D 5aug'18-28aug'19 Co E 7th Inf 3d Div. Camp McArthur. France. Fa Oluf Ol- son. Mo Olava Lee, Aurdal. Halvor Olson Malta Mont sepT7 — Camp Lewis. France. At front sepT8. Wounded 23oct'18. Par Ole Olsen & Ingeborg Olsd Ssehlid, Hegge. Ida S Olson Red Cross Nurse in Paris. Fa Christiania. Mo Valdris. Joseph O Olson Almont N D 24may'18-18may'19 Co A 128 Inf. 32d Div. France 9mo. Wounded in Meuse-Argonne. Par Severt & Mina Olson. Martin Olson Black Earth Wis. Martin Olson Soldier la Jun'18 — Camp Dodge. France sep'18. Par Chris Olson & Julia d o Sever & Ragnild Akervold, N Aurdal. Milo Olson Soldier la 25julT8— Brest 12sep'18. At front 3 weeks. Bro Martin Olson Soldier la. Obert C Olson St Paul 26sep'17. Camps Pike, Dix. France. Bro Bennie C. Ole O Olson Clontarf Minn 15jun'18-27jun'19 113th Engrs 7th Div. U of Minn Training Dept. France. Fa Olaus Dokken, S Aurdal. Mo fr Ranum. Oliver Olson Hancock Minn 27junT8-28febT9 Batty A 332d F A. Camp Robinson. France. Par Sam (Simon) H Olson «& Dordei Landmark, Aurdal. Oscar Olson Sioux City la julT8 — Camp Pike. France. Par Tom Olson & Kjersti Ulnes. Otto E Olson Deer Park Wis 28aprT8-23sep'19 Camp Grant, Eagle Pass. Corpl Co K 3d reg U S Lnf. Border VALDRISES IN THE WORLD WAR 261 Duty. Par John Olson Tr^n, Nesja & Ingeborg Olsd Snorthem. Thomas Olson Blue Mounds Wis. Thomas Olson (Viken) Forsyth Mont France. Par Ole O Viken, E Slidre & Barbo Thomasd Hpvisbakken, W Sli- dre. Carl Opdahl Sheldon N D 3 mo S A T C 111 Univ. Fa Syver s o Syver Bergei. Mo Berthe d o Knud Andersen Veflen. Sigvat Opdahl Sheldon N D 22sep'17 — Camps Dodge, Pike, Died 9jan'18. Bro Carl Opdahl. Carl J Opheim Cyrus Minn 19sep'17 — Typist Clerk. Over- sea. Died '19. Par Albert Opheim, N Aurdal & Rosa Johnson. Clifford Malvin Opheim Cyrus_ Minn Apr'18 — Navy. Armed Guard Crew 182 Rec Ship. Par Ole H Opheim, Ulnes & Ingri Halvsd Rye, Svenes. Herbert Opheim Cyrus Minn 25feb'18— Co C 132d Inf 33d Div. France. Par Albert Opheim & Rosa Johnson. Josef Helmer Opheim Cyrus Minn sep '18 — Co A 4th Art. Camps Grant, McArthur. Bro Clifford M Opheim. Xorman Oppen Manitowoc Wis juri8 Mach Gun Div. Camp Hancock. Par Ole O Oppen, Ulness & Gatta d o Gulbrand Winningstad & Helebor Oxhovd, E Slidre. Gullick Ormstad Emmons Minn '18 — Mil Pol. Oversea '18. Par Peter Gulliksen Ormstad & Ragnild 0degaard. Ole Ormstad Honeyford N D 21feb'18— Batty F 304th F A. Died of wounds 9sep'18 in France. Bro Gullick Ormstad. Peter Ormsttad Jr St Paul 5jun'17-12feb'19 Bugler 26th Mach Gun Battn. Trained Montgomery Ala. Bro Gullick Ormstad. Oscar Otslund Duncombe la jan'17 — Navy. S S Ken- tucky. Fa John Ostlund, Swede. Mo Gurine d o Nils Anderson (Follinglo). Alton Oveson Roseau Minn. Fa Wm Oveson, N Aurdal. Albert Oyloe Decorah la Wounded. 262 THE VALDRIS BOOK George Oyloe Decorah la 29apr'18— 358th Inf 90th Div France. Fa Ole G Oyloe, Vang. Marcellus Paulson Black Earth Wis. P C Paulson Seattle Wash. Fa Ole s o Paul Paulson Skinningrud, Hedalen. Spencer Paulson Aneta N D Oversea. Fa Peter C s o Paul Paulson Skinningrud. Ralph Pederson Ellsworth Wis. Fa fr Bserum. Mo fr Bergsbakken. Rudolph Pederson Malta Mont 88th Div F Hosp Service Camp Dodge. Oversea. Par John Anderson, Land & Guri Hoyme d o Johs Stee & Marit Hovi. Alfred Peterson Norwich N D. Bro Oscar Peterson. Bennie Peterson Norwich N D 28marl8-7may'19 Co M 140th Inf. Oversea. Wounded. Bro. Oscar Peterson. Carl W Peterson Sioux City la. Par John & Guri Iversd Hilmen. Ingvald Peterson Norwich N D 19oct'17-16niar'18 Batty F 121st F A 32d Div. Camps McArthur, Waco. Bro Oscar Peterson. Oscar Peterson Norwich N D 7may'17-23feb'19 Corpl Batty B 15th C A C, A E F. Ft Adams. Oversea. 2 mo on fighting line. Fa Even s o Peder E & Ingeborg Bruflat. Mo Martha d o Erik H Bruflat & Pernille Stange. Henry Pettersen Chetek Wis 4sep'18 — Infantry. Camp Grant. Par Ed & Ida Petterson, N Aurdal. Carl B Quail Bemis S D sep'18-6dec'18 S A T C Brookings S D. Fa O A Quail (Kvisl). Mo Matilda O Borsvold, Toten. George K Quail Sinai S D 22jul'18-lloct'18. Signal Corps. Died in France. Bro Carl B Quail. Olaf Alvin Quail Toronto .S D Srgt Cavalry & Air Service. Camp Cody. Selfridge Field. Bro Carl B Quail. Austin Qualey Hingham Mont 25apr'18-3jan'19. Infantry. Camp Pewis. Par Ole Jensen Kvalseie, W Slidre & Guri Roble. E SI. Carl O Qualey Salol Minn 24feb'18-15feb'19 Inf. Camp ^ VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 263 Dodge. Oversea. Mo Inger d o Knud & Oline Sletten, Etnedalen. Edwin C Qualey Adams N D Corporal. Killed in action. Son of Peder Qually. Newell Qualle Martel Wis. Grandson of Rev Hagestad. George R Qualley Madison Wis 26aug'18 — 1st Lieut. Den- tal Service Camp Greenleaf. Par R N Qualley. W Slidre & Ingrid Okshovd, E Slidre. Henry Quam Milton N D. Fa fr N Aurdal. Mo fr Heda- len. August Quickstad Toronto S D. Clarence Quickstad Watertown S D. Martin Quickstad Toronto S D. Gustav Quiel Decorah la 18octT8 — S A T C Luther Coll. Fa Ole Quiel (Lommen). Mo Kirsti Quiel. Olaf M Quiel Mitchell S D Corpl 338th Mach Gun Battn 87th Div. Camps Dodge, Pike, Dix. France. Bro Gustav. Rev M B Quill Minneapolis Camp Pastor Assigned Camp McArthuT. Par G K Quill s o K G & Rangdi Kvisl & Ingri, N Aurdal. Oscar T Quissell Jasper Minn 25julT8-18janT9 Inf. 88th Div. Camp Dodge. Fa Ole s o Ole O Kvisl & Christine Brandt. ^lo ]Mary T Hoime d o Thomas Hoime & Marit Korstad. Montague Reed Rasmussen Lake Forest 111 Srgt Camp Up- ton. Oversea. Par Karl M Rasmussen. Stavanger & Ragnild d o Ole T Swennes & Knut Salsaaboe. Albert Edwin Ranum Stillwater Minn 25julT8-25mayT9 Co M 3d Pioneer Inf. Camps Wadsworth, Stuart. Over- sea. Verdun Sector and other active fronts. Fa Knut K Ranum. Bennie Ranum Pope Co Minn. Par Ole H Ranum & Bet- sey Nomeland. John Olaf Ranum Stillwater Service in Amm factory. Fa Knud K Ranum. Arnold I Raugland Minneapolis Lieut Ehgrs. Camp Dev- 264 THE VALDRIS BOOK ens. France. Par Carl M Raugland, Laurvig & Sarah M d o Anders Kirkeberg &Ingrid Juvkam. Carl M Rank Nerstrand Minn 16oct'18-12dec'18 S A T C St Olaf. Par Knut Rank, Hailing & Marie d o Mrs. Rob- ert Quamme (Kj^s), Vang. Helmer K Rank Nerstrand Minn Aug'18 — Died of pneu- monia at Camp McArthnr . Bro Carl M Rank. Clifford Reierson Luverne Minn. John R Reierson Holt Minn 23oct'18— Ft Oglethorpe Died in camp, pneumonia and complications. Fa Reier s o Reier Reierson & Marit Olson (Tildeishaugen). Mo Georgine Sundet, H0nefos. Rudolph S Reierson Holt Minn 17dec'17-16mayl9 C A C Batt B. Presidio. France. Fa Ole s o Reier Reirson & Marit (Tildeishaugen). Mo Alette Polseth, Hakedalen. Reinert M Reinertson \'alders Wis 24may'18 U S Naval Aviation. Great Lakes. France. Fa M B Reinertson, Lister. Mo Marit d o Anders Christofersen Kvaal & Barbo Andersd Veflen. Albert P Remme Kenneth Minn 4oct'18-7nov'10 12th Engrs. Camps Forrest. Dodge. Fa Petter O Remme s o Ole N & Ingeborg Finkelson. Mo fr Gudbrandsdalen. Gilbert G Remme Kenneth Minn 22juri7-21apr'19 Corpl Co A 18th Inf 1st Div. In Frnce 1 year. Twice wounded. Par Gunder N Remme, Vang & Helen Hanson, Land. Gustav Adolf Remme Kenneth Minn 27may'18-14feb'19 Co K 322d Inf 81st Div. France 8augT8. Wounded lOnov '18. Par Gunder N & Helen H Remme. John Bernard Remmen Montevideo. Nels N Rcnden Mayville N D Oversea. Fa Nels Renden, Etnedal. Hans G Revne Decorah la Co 47 20th Engrs. Arr France 30mayT8. Harry Rinde Dennison Minn 54th Pioneer Inf. Oversea. Andrew A Riste Decorah la Radio service. S o A A Riste. Gerhard Riste Decorah la Naval Acad Annapolis. Fa Nels Riste. VALDRISES IN THE WORLD WAR 265 Albert R Risty Brandon S D 26aug'18— Alfred T Risty Sioux Falls S D 23jul'18-lsep'19 Guard Co No 137. Camp Gordon. Oversea. Par W Slidre. Karl T Risty Brandon S D 23juri8-24sep'19 3d M G Bn. Camps Dodge, Sherman, Mills. Meuse-Argonne off. Par 0stein s o Gulik Riste & Ragnild & Dorthea Lee fr Toten. Dr C M Roan Medical Officer S A T C Univ Minn. Milo C Robb Blanchardville Wis 15jul'17-13may'18 Co H 127th Inf. Camp Dodge. Oversea. Par Frank Robb & Caroline Kristianmoen, S Aurdal. Andrew Roble Manfred N D 19aug'18 — Par Torstein s o Ole J Roble & Guri M Rogne. E Slidre & Guro d o A Skogstad & Marit Opdahl, Vang., Melvin Roble Manfred N D 8oct'18-13dec'18 S A T C Fargo Coll. Bro Andrew Roble. Paul Brandt Roen Hollywood Los Angeles Calif Juri7 Ist Lieut Med Res Corps. France may'18. Mobile Field Hosp No 101. Fa Ole T Roen. Otto Sverdrup Roen Ontario Calif Enl and called but no service. Fa Ole T Roen. Anders Rodningen (Roine) Jasper Minn 29apr'18-16jun'19 Co D 357th Inf 90th Div. Camps Dodge, Traverse. France 20jun'18. St Mihiel Off, Meuse-Argonne Off, Several other fronts. Par Anders & Marit Rodningen. Born Valdris. Albert Rodvang Decorah la 12dec'17-feb'19 H Q Co 65th Art. France 27feb'18. Par Thomas Rovang & Bertha. Conrad Rogne Sawyer Wis '17 1st Lieut U S N Med Corps. Surgeon Charleston Naval Sta, U S S Eagle. Fa Rev E T Rogne. Torger O Rogne Binford N D Oversea. Amos Rood Valley City N D. Fa Ed Rood. Clifford Rood Minneapolis 26feb'18-21jul'19 Hosp Corps. France 17sep'18. Par Nels O & Carrie Rood (Trondrud, Bagn). Julius Rj^rstad Pope Co Minn 24febl8-jan'19 Infantry. 266 THE VALDRIS BOOK Camp Dodge. Wounded in France. Par Andr R0rstad, S^ndm^r & Guri Olsd (ialibakken. Aiirdal. Rolf O J Rorvik Northfield Minn 10apr'18-10apr'19 Batty F 70th Art C A C. France sep'18. Par Johan R Rorvik, Aalesund & Berit Olsd B0, Vang. Thorwald I Rosby Farwell Minn 24may'18— Co K 307th ~ Inf 77th Div. Camps Lewis, Kearny. Severely wounded in Argonne 6oct'18. Par Ole H Rosby, Ringerike & Ragnild, N Aurdal. Theodore I Rotto Farwell Minn 27juri7 — Mechanician U S S Florida. Trained Norfolk. In attack by German torpedo 9feb'18. Par John T Rotto, Nordm^r & Kari Kamrud, N Aurdal. Theodor Gerhard Rovang Corson S D 28jun'18 Camp Fun- ston. Par Ole T Rovang & Sina Tveitmoen. Andrew K Rude Moorhead la 25juri8 — Camp Gordon. 3 weeks at front in France. Par Ole s o Andreas & Anne Rude, N Aurdal & Marit d o Knut cS; Inge Bakken, N Aurdal. Erick Rude Toronto S D 25may'18-20dec'18 Inf. Camp Lewis. Par Gulbrand O Rudi & Ragnild K Hegge. Grant R Rude Brookings S D aug'17-feb'19 U S N. Car- penters Mate S Oosterdyke. Served in convoys. Par Ole G Rude, E SI & Julia O Rebne. Theodor N Rude Brookings S D Aug'18-mar'19 1 Div Kei:^ Army. Camps Fremont, Mills. Bro Grant R Rude. Andris E Rudi Forsyth Mont Killed in France. Fa Endre Rudihaugen. Mo Rangdi Nustebraaten Rogne, E Slidrc Am '08. Lars Rudi Fairview Mont Co H 151st Inf 40th Div. Camp Kearny. Died of wounds in France lloct'18. Par Nils s o Eivind & Ragnild Rogne & Ragnild d o Thorstein G Melby & Ingri Larsd Rudi, E Slidre. Nils E Rudi Forsyth Mont Died in France. Am'08. Bro Andris E Rudi. Olaf R_udi Montana. Fa Anton Rudi. Born Reinli. VALDRISES IN THE WORLD WAR 267 Peter E Rudi Forsyth Mont Fell in France. Bro Andris E Rudi. America '08. Martin O Ruse Maple Grove Wis lmay'18-28mar'19 Infan- try. In action Argonne Woods. \'erdun. Grpar Etne- dalen. Anton Rustad Canby Minn Etncdalen. - Iver O Rustad Canby Minn 13sep'18 — Inf British E F France. Fa Ole s o Iver O (Ruste) Aspelien. Begndalen. Mo Sigri d o Anders O (Ruste) Putten & Kari Kvern- braaten. Olaus G Rustad Dennison Minn 24jun'18 — Co K 343d Inf 86th Div. Camp Grant. Oversea 14sep'18. Service at front. Par Gulbrand I (Ruste) Aspelien & Guri d o An- ders O & Mari Putten. Oscar O Rustad Canby Minn 24feb'18— M P in France. Bro Iver O Rustad. Sever Rustad Bonetraill S D 29mar'18-4mar'19 France 9 mo. Alsace, St Mihiel, Argonne Forest. Gassed. Born Hedalen. Anton Ruste Blue Mounds Wis 14mar'18 — Srgt Q M C Evacuation Hosp No. 22. Fought in Argonne Woods, Verdun Sector. Camps Oglethorpe, Greenleaf, Upton. Albert Rustebakke Callender la lnov'17-dec'18 Musician 37th Regt Band Coast Art. Ft Hancock. Par Halsten s o Amund Rustebakke & Siri Olmhus & Liv Skognes, Aada- len. Gilbert Rusten Moorhead la 25juri8 — Camp Gordon. Brest 12sep'18. At front 3 weeks. Par John & Anne Rusten. Adolph Rye Soldier la France. Par Ole & Mary Rye. Grpar Halvor & Ingeborg Rye, N Aurdal. Haldor Rye Soldier la Oversea. Bro Adolph. Olaf Rye Soldier la. Bro Adolph. Theodore Rye Soldier la. Bro Adolph. Orrion Leroy Saether Bloomington Wis 29jan'18-5dec'18 Rec. 2d Lieut. Air Service Post Field. Fa Ole s o Thomas 268 THE VALDRIS BOOK Reierson Skarasaeter Anne Olscl Langedrag Mo Lena Loken, Hadeland. Halvor Saele Manfred N D spring '17 Camp Lewis. Over- sea summer '18 Reported Killed. Born Hegge. Henry E San Goodridge Min. Fa O A Sanviken, Bagn. Chris Satter Canby Ore 13dec'17 — Bat F Coast Art. Camp Ft Stevens. France. Par John & Olia Satter, Bagn. Grpar Christopher & Aagot Christopherson Leitepladsen. Lerskogen. Edward Satter Canby Ore 3oct'18 — Recruit Co G S L Ft McDonald. Bro Chris Satter. Leslie Schrubbe Decorah la Srgt. Grpar G O Rustad & Kjersti Sondrol. Ole Semling Jr McVille N D 24may'18— Co I 305th Inf Camps Lewis, Kearny. Killed in action 13oct'18. Par Ole Reien & Bargo Semling. Clarence E Severson Decorah la 15apr'17 Corpl Co E 133d Inf. Camp Cody. France. Fa Gilbert Severson, Vang. Edwin Severson River Minn. N Avirdal. Ervin Severson Soldier la Sep'17 — Aviation. Kelly Field. Par Simon & Julia Severson, S Aurdal. Grfa Erick Sev- erson. Grpar Arne & Sarah Benson. Guy Severson Soldier la Seaman. Great Lakes. Par Ju- lius & Bertha Severson, N. Aurdal. Grpar Jens & Gunild Klevgaard, N Aurdal. Roy Severson Soldier la Aug'18 — Ames la. Bro Guy. Tom Severson Malung Minn. Walter Severson Soldier la Seaman Great Lakes. To Brest. Bro Guy Severson. John Severtson Forestville Wis 25juri8 — - Camp Taylor. Par Thrond Syverson, Skrautvaal & Guri O Dahl, Sve- nes. Albin Severud Barron Wis 29jul'17-27niay'19 32d Div. Waco, Tex. France. Par Ole H Severud, Etnedalen & Lina N Bergene, Etnedalen. Engebret K Shefte Volga S D 4jan'18-dec'18 Dental Co No 1 VALDRISES IN THE WORLD WAR 269 1. 1st Lieut Dental R C. Camp Greenleaf. Par Knut Skjefte & Barbo Hoyme. Knute Shefte Kremlin Mojit No'18 — Fa Knut s o Ole & Jorand Skjefte. Barbo d o Helg-e Lomen & Ingeborg Hoime. Herbrand Simle Fillmore Co Minn 22sepl8 — 32 Co 161st D B. Camp Grant. Died oct'18 of influenza. Both par fr Valdris. Norris T Simley Grand Forks N D Juri8-feb'19 Med De- tachment 77th Inf. Camp Custer. Fa Thrond s o Ole Simle & Ingrid Meiningen. Mo Gertrude d o John Linde- lien & Taran Putten, Ringerike. Ole Simley Northfield Minn S A T C Carleton. Thrond Benjamin Simley Sharon N D May'18-feb'19 Am- muinition Train Co D. Camps Logan, Fremont, Mills, Lee. Bro Norris T. Clarence Simon Tioga N D. Par N W, Simon, Swede & wife fr Valdris. Dr O B Simon Tioga N D. Bro Clarence Simon. Blaine Simons Sioux Falls S D SepT7 — Lieut. Camp Pike. France. Par Nels Simons & Berit d o Gulik Riste. Simon Simons Rowina S D 28junT8 Camp Dodge. Died 16 oct'18 Long Island, pneumonia. Bro Blaine Simons. Albert Skaran Grand Meadow Minn 22oct'18 — Engrs. Camp Forrest. Par Sever & Anna Skaran both Valdr. Melvin Artie Skaran Grand Meadow Minn 5sep'18 — Corpl Inf. Camp McArthur. Par Sever & Anna Skaran. Otto Skaran Grand Meadow Minn 19sepT7— 19th F A. Camp Cody. Oversea. Par Andrew & Lena Skaran, both Valdr. Silas Skaran Grand Meadow Minn 23apr'18 Seaman Great Lakes. To Brest. Par Andrew & Lena Skaran. Carl H Skarloken Toronto S D 15may'18-19janT9 Corpl Air Service. Tr Camp St Paul. Par Sam Skarlokken & Julia Rovang. Joseph E Skarloken Toronto S D 20junT8-14sep'19 Inf 2d 270 THE VALDRIS BOOK Div. Camp Dodge. France. In Argonne Drive & Army of Occn. Bennett Skatrud X'alders Wis. Herbert A Skatrud Kennedy Minn 7dec'17-16may'19 Ar- tillery. Ft Scott. Verdun, Meuse-Argonne Off. Fa Ole Halvorson Skatrud. Mo Sissel Beito. Selmar Skatrud Valders Wis. Fa Ole Skatrud. Iver Skattebo Brunswick Wis. Oliver H Skattebo Valders Wis. Bert Skogstad Grand Meadow Minn. George Skogstad Grand .Meadow Minn. Lewis C Skov Rapidan Minn 29apr'18 — Camps Dodge, Travers. France. Service at front from aug'18. Wound- ed. Gassed. Co E 358th Inf. Par Carl s o Ole K Skov & Kari Larsd Ranum. Martin O Skrovig Radcliffe la 13may'18-30 jun'19 Cropl Co D 7th Amm Train. Oversea 22sep'18. Fa Ole Iverson Skrovig. Tom O Skrovig Radcliffe la 25feb'18— H Q Co 328th Inf. Oversea apr'18. St. Mihiel, Argonne. Killed in action 9oct'18. Fa Ole Iverson Skrovig. Bendix Skrutvold Yvot Mont 16jun'18-26jun'18 Co 10, 40th Battn 166th D B. Camp Lewis. Haldor Skrutvold Skogmo N D 22sep'17-13sep'19 Med Corps. Camp Greene. France & Germany. Fa Eivind s o Ole Skrutvold & Guri Reie. Mo Maria d o Bendik Glad- heim & Barbro Thon, Etnedalen. Ingvald Smaadalen Aneta N D Oversea. Par Ole Haavda, N Aurdal & Ingeborg Smaadalen, Etnedalen. Olaf Smaadalen Salol Minn. Chris Soine Maynard Minn. Par Ivar Soine & Serine d o Syver G Strand & Ingeborg Eltun. Sever I Soine Maynard Minn 25julT8 — Wagoner 4th Anti Aircraft Mach Gun Battn. Camp Wadsworth. France. Par Iver & Serine Soine. Grpar Strand & Ellingboe. Edwin O Solsaa Jasper Minn 26feb'18-lljul'19 55th Engrs. Camps Dodge, Custer. Oversea 30jun'18. Railroad Con- VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 271 struction. Par Ole Knutson Saalsaa & Inger Lokke, Ringerike. Nels Solsten Minneapolis 14may'18 — Q M Co Aviation. Hampton Roads. Par Ole Olson Solheim, Aurdal & Gjertrud. Andrew O Sondrol Emomns Minn 25juri8 — Inf. Camp Pike. Died in France 9oct'18 pneumonia. Par Ole s o Johs & Marit Sondrol & Martha Anderson. Clarence K Sondrol Emons Minn 10may'17 — Field Art. Camp Dauglas, France. Par K s o Johs & Marit Sondrol & Annelene Nelson. John K Sondrol Emmons Minn 12jun'17 — Inf. Camp Greene. France. Severy wounded. Bro Clarence K. John O Sondrol Emmons Minn 25feb'18 Mach Gun service. Camp Dodge. Par Ole s o Johs & Marit Sondrol & Mar- tha Anderson Myhre. Peter K Sondrol Emmons Minn 30may'17 — Instructor Aerial Gunnery, Mt Clemens, Mich. Bro Clarence K. Knut N Sorbo Emmons Minn 26jun'18-22apr'10 Co B 313th Engrs 88th Div. France 6 mo. Fa Nels O Sorbo, Vang. Adolph Melvin Sorlie Rothsay Minn 19oct'17 — Corpl Avia- tion Corps 507th Areo Squadron. Kelly Field. Died in Camp. Par Mikkel s o Mikkel & Ragnild Sorlie, Hedalen & Anne, Hedalen. Edward Sorlie Sioux City la '17-'19 Camp Pike. Par Nils C Sorlie & Jorand Hilme. Sophus Sorum Willmar Minn 6 mo on ocean in Navy. Par N J Sorum, Sogn & Berit Haugen. Charles Spaannum Mt Horeb Wis. Ole Spangrud Banks N D 3jul'18-28jan'19 Co I 77th Inf 14th Div. Camp Custer. Par Kristofifer & Bertine Spangrud, S Aurdal. Gilbert John Standy Geddes S D 14oct'18— S A T C la Univ. Fa Mikkel G Standy s o Gudmund O Steinde, Ul- nes. Robert Steenerson Upham N D Jun'18-16apr'19 Co L 359th Inf 9th Div. France 19 jun'18. In two battles. Fa Knute 272 THE VALDRIS BOOK Steenerson Telemark & Maria d o Syver Anderson & Marit Skaveldo, S Aurdal. Clarence Steensrud Black Earth Wis. Martin Stegen Aneta N D Nels G Steine Decorah la 6jun'17 — Co B 67th Engrs Div 14. Camp Cody. France. Fa Gilbert s o Nils & Anna Steine. Mo Anna d o Christen & Anna Qualley. Ole Steine Decorah la llmay'17 — El Paso, Camp Mc- Arthur. Died 16jun'18. Bro Nels G Steine. Einar Stende Dalton Minn lOmay'18 — M G Battn. Camp Dodge. France. Gassed. Fa Andrew s o Ole & Ragnild Stende, Oie. Mo Ida Osterli, Gausdal. Ivar Stende Ellendale N D Jul'lS Camp Custer. Bro Ein- ar. Oscar L Stende Dalton Minn lOmay'18 — Q M Clerk Camp J L Johnston. France. Fa John s o Ole & Ragnild Stende, Oie. Mo Dina Anderson. Rev E M Stensrud San Francisco Calif Chaplain Camp Fre- mont. Stensrud, Vang. Carl Stigen Aneta N D 3sep'18 Died 4oct'18 influenza. Fa Ole Stigen, Modum. Mo Ragnild d o Knut & Maria Ren- den, Etnedalen. Martin Stigen Aneta N D 24may'18-7feb'19 89th Spruce Squadron. Bro Carl Stigen. Adolph Stolan Fosston Minn 26jul'18-8jul'19 Co L 54th Pioneer Inf. Camp Wadsworth. France. Par Arne & As- trid Stjzilan, Etnedalen. Alvin T Stolen Mt Horeb Wis 30apr'18-12feb'19 Naval Avi- ation. Dunwoody. France. Ernest Stolen A'lt Floreb Wis. Martin Hartvel Strand Newman Grove Nebr 26apr'18 — 355th Inf 8th Div. Camp Funston. France may' 18. Killed in action 4nov'18. Fa Henry s o Mons T & Ingeborg Strand, Skrautvaal. Mo Anna d o Haldor Halvorsen & Mary Halvorson. Syver S Strand Renville Co Minn Oversea. Par Syver G Strand & Ingeborg T Eltun, Vang. VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 273 Clarence Stromsett Beloit Wis 3oct'17-16apr'19 Co 47th Inf 47th Div. Camps Grant, Pike. France 9may'18. Chateau Thierry, Argonne. Gassed. Par John Stromsett & Louise Johnson Nerhaugen d o Martin & Barbro Nerhagen. Eugene V Studlien Moorhead Minn Killed in action. Gustav Sundheim Hills Minn Camp Wadsworth. Aurdal. Halvdan Sveen Atwater Minn. Fa Torpen, of Valdris fam- ily. Benj Svien St Paul Minn H Q Co 315 Engrs Band A E F. Henry J Svien Granite Falls Minn 23jun'18— 333d H F A. Camp Robinson. France. Par John M & Martha Svien. Grfa John Hendrik Svien, Vang. Knut K Svien Dennison Minn 20oct'18— Camp Cody. Par Knut J Svien & Sidsel Oldre. Martin A Svien Dennison Minn 24jun'18 — Camp Grant. Soon Discharged. Par Andris & Marit Svien. Ingvald Swain Moorhead Iowa 25juri8 — Camp Gordon. Brest 12sep'18. At front 3 weeks. Died ljan'19. Fa Nels s o Peder & Bertha Swain, Bagn. Mo Lena d o Ole & Ingeborg SjzJrebraaten, N Aurdal. Ole Swain Moorhead la Nov'17 — Seaman. Great Lakes. On U S S Minnesota when torpedoed. Bro Ingvald Swain. Peter Swain Moorhead la 25juri8 — ■ Camp Gordon. Brest 12sep'18. 3 weeks at front. Bro Ingvald Swain. Myron Ingram Swennes La Crosse Wis Great Lakes Naval Sta. Oversea. Fa Clellan s o Ole O Norgaarden (Swen- nes). Adolph Swenson Soldier la 25feb'18 — Camp Dodge Brest lOmay'18. At front 3 weeks. Par Arne & Gina Swenson. Grfa Swen Swenson, Etnedalen. Arthur Swenson Mt Horeb Wis. Melvin Swenson Mt Horeb Wis. Geo Swiggum Mt Horeb Wis. H Lawrence Swiggum Mt Horeb Wis. Emil T Syverson Dennison Minn 82d Div. France. At Front .10 days. Fa fr Sogn. Mo fr Valdris. Selmer Syverson Black Earth Wis. 274 THE VALDRIS BOOK Chris Tauberg Soldier la 26juri8 — Camp Gordon. Brest 12sep'18. Wounded. Fa Haltan Tauberg, N Aurdal. Mo Annie Olsd Soffebraaten. Oscar Tauberg Soldier la ZSjul'lS — • Camp Gordon. Brest 12sep'18. Wounded. Bro Chris Tauberg. Alfred Teisberg St Paul Aug'17 Lieut. Ft Snelling, Dodge. Instructor. S o A K Teisberg. & Gro R^n. Albert Temanson Grand Meadow Minn 4sep'18-4mar'19 Inf. Camp McArthur. (Omsrud). Eli Temanson Grand Meadow Minn. H B Teslow Sioux Falls S d Co G 21st Engrs. Par H Christopherson, Romerike & Inger Nilsd Sundt, N Aur- dal. Albert S Thompson Nora Minn 24febT8— Co L 139th Inf. Camp Dodge. France. Wounded at V^erdun front. Par Samuel Thompson & Marit Lien. Aurdal (Heggemoen). Arnold J Thompson Hutchinson Minn 20jun'17-6feb'19 1st Lieut Veterinary Section 46th F A. Camp Kearny. Fa Ole s o Thomas & Maren Odden. Begndalen. Mo Thon- ette, Begndalen. Carl T Thompson Dennison Minn 24jun'18 — Camp Grant. Par Toris Thompson & Gunild Estrem. Clarence Thompson Little Sauk Minn Motor Truck Driver. 11 mo in France. On active front 11 nights. Ft Knut Thompson, Bagn. Oilman Thompson Mt Horeb Wis. Karmeth Irvin Thompson Barnes Ore Co M 63d Inf. Camps Meade, Presidio, Astoria L I (Helle). Lillie E Thompson Farmington Minn Red Cross Army Nurse. Fa Peder Thompson (Ellestad). Mo Barbro No- ben. Melvin Thompson Riley Wis. Oden Thompson Faith S D. Olai Thompson Mt Horeb Wis. Oliver T Thompson Canby Minn 8aprT8-5apr'19 Mechanic 2d C A. Ft Adams L I. Fa Ole s o Thomas K & Maren Odden, Begndalen. Mo Thonette. VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 275 Oscar Thompson Madison S D Med Corps in France. Fa Ole Thompson (Landmark). Oscar C Thompson Valders Wis. Fa T I Thompson. Philip Thompson Madison S D. Fa Ole Thompson (Land- mark). Thorwald Thompson Canby Minn 25feb'18-lapr'19 H Q Co 118th Inf vSOth Div. Camps Dodge, Sevier. Belgium, France. Ypres sector. Drive on Hindenburg Line. Gassed. Fa Ole s o Thomas & Maren Odden, Begndalen. Mo Thonette, Begndal. Ruel E Thompson \^alders Wis 23sep'17 — Corpl Motor Truck Work. Camp Custer. France. Fa Edwin s o Thom- as O Helle. Mo Anne Maria d o Anders O Aabol. Thomas Thompson Faith S D. Thorwald Thompson Finley N D Jun'18 — Camp Dodge. Fa Ole Thompson, Begndalen. Mo, Hedalen. William A Thompson Quarry Wis 21dec'16 — 1st Lieut Aviation. France 15oct'17. Gassed. Died 19juri8. Fa Knut Thompson (Helle). Mo Ingrid Gigstad. Wm P Thompson Ridgeland Wis Sep'17-8aug'19 Camp Grant. France. Mo Olia Bergene. Edgar Thon Minneapolis. Alfred S Thoreson Rosewood Minn 23sep'18-lljan'19 Engr- ing Corps. Camp Forrest. Fa Andrew s o Tore T^rison Grythe. Mo Siri O Jorgenson, Bagn. Kenneth Thoreson Soldier la sep'18 — Seaman, Navy. San Francisco. Par Theodore & Hulda Thoreson, N Aurdal (Klevgaard). Clarence S Thorsrud Callender la 20sep'17 — 1st Sergt 527th Engrs. Brest, France. Par Syver Thorsrud. Bagn & Joran Thon N Aurdal. Grandfathers Ole Hoff, Bagn & Knut Thon, N Aurdal. Oscar Throndson Longmont Colo Called, hindered by in- fluenza. Fa Tore Throndson. Telford B Thronson Longmont Colo 28feb'18 — - Radio Serv- ice. Newport. Harvard Radio School. Par Tideman Throndson (Saalsaa) & Betsey Lee d o Knut N Lee. 276 THE VALDRIS BOOK Edward Thuftin Clayton Wis 27jul'18-24dec'18 73d Inf 88th Div. Par Tosten Knudson & Gunild Maria, S Aurdal. Harold Orlando Thune Cedar Rapids la 4sep'18-31jan'19 Jefferson Barracks. France 2nov'18. Grpar Thomas Thune & Sarah Hagen. Iver Tilden Norway Mont 28may'18-lljun'19 Co A 315th Mach Gun Battn 80th Div. Camps, Lewis, Kearny. Over- sea aug'18. Meuse-Argonne battle. Fa Tollef s o Nils Tildem. Mo Marit d o Lars Kamrud, Aurdal. (Opslidre). Clarence J Tjernagel Stanhope la Aug'18 — Y M C A over- sea sep'18. Fa L J Tjernagel. (Follinglo). Otto A Tjernagel Story City la Sep'18 — Inf. Camp Dodge. Fa P G Tjernagel (Follinglo). Theodore M Tobiason Hatton N D Jun'18 — Infantry. Camps Lewis, Kearny. Oversea aug'18. Severly wound- ed. Fa T R Tobiason s o Roland & Marit. Mo, Soljz(r. Alfred Torgerson Soldier la 14juri8 — Died of pneumonia 7nov'18. Par Andrew & Ele Torgerson (Navrud). Knut N Torstad Minneapolis 24jun'18— H Q Co 354th Inf. Camp Grant. In Meuse-Argonne drive oct'18. Army of Occn. Fa Nils s o Anders Haldorson Veblen & Inge- borg Rogn. Mo Marit Knutsd Torstad. Ole A Tronrud Great Falls Mont Died in Ohio 29oct'18. Arthur G Tuve Toronto S D lOjul'18— 5th Battn Trench Art. Ft Hancock. France 19sep'18. Fa O G Tuve. Carl Walther Tvedt Maskell Nebr 25apr'18— Camp Funston. France. Twice over the top, wounded. Co F 355th Inf. Fa Rev N G Tvedt, Vang. Joseph Tvite Goodhue Co Minn. Arthur T Tweit Tower City N D Served 23 mo Co M 58th Inf 4th Div. In four battles. Fa Amund E Tveit, Vang. Egbert O Tweit Tower City N D 11 mo service 19th Spruce Squadron 2d Div. Fa Amund E Tveit, Vang. Arthur E Ulnes Davenport N D 9may'17 — Corpl Co I 164th Inf. Camp Greene. France 15dec'17. Par EHing E Ulnes, N Aurdal & Gustava Borerud, Sol0r. VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 277 Edwin P Ulnes Davenport N D 22sep'17-29jan'19 Corpl 347th Inf. Camp Pike. France. Bro Arthur E. Elmer Jay Uhies Davenport N D lfeb'18-29mar'19 Avia- tion. Pensacola, Fla. Bro Arthur E. Norman Uhies Valders Wis 26apr'18— Co C 340th Inf. Camp Custer. Aberdeen Proving Ground. Fa B T s o Thore Uhies & Kirsti Hilmen. Mo Andrea Oppen, Tele- mark. Otto Ulrikson Canton S D 20sep'17— 314th Trench Mortar Batty 89th Div. Camp Funston. France jun'18. Gassed in St Mihiel Sector. ^ Fa Ulrik Ulrikson, Haugerstuen, N Aurdal. MoRagnild d o Fanejunker O Strand, Svenes. Oliver O Ulve Lake Mills la May 18 U S Guard. Camp Dodge, McKinley Park. Fa O O Ulve s o Ole & Inge- borg Ulve. Mo Sigri Klanderud, Eidskogen. Selmer Martin Ulve Lake Mills la Jun'18 — U S Guard. Camp Dodge, Presidio. Bro Oliver O. Filing H Veblen Reed Point Mont 25aug'17-18feb'19 2d Lieut Aviation. Austin, Waco, Dallas, Fairfield O France 2aug'18. Pursuit Pilot. Fa Andrew A Veblen. Mo Kirsti Hougen. Ingvald Veblen Cooperstown N D Sep'17 — Med Corps. S A T C Minn. Par Rev Sigurd Olsen & Emily Veblen. Oswald Veblen Princeton N J 30aug'17-31may'19 Major Ordnance Corps. Sandy Hook, Aberdeen Proving Ground. To France, England, Italy 30oct'18. Par An- drew A Veblen & Kirsti Hougen. Thorkel A Veblen Big Timber Mont 26jul'18-22jun'19 Ma- rines. Mare Island, Honolulu. Par Andrew A Veblen & Kirsti Hougen. Henry Nicolai Veflen Barnesville Minn 25oct'18-4jan'19 Co C 125th Engrs. Camp Forrest. Fa s o Gulbrand & Gunild Veflen. Joseph A Viken Sacred Heart Minn Co E 343 Inf. France jun'18. Wounded 2nov'18. Died 2dec'18. Par Knut K Viken & Betsey Veblen. John Viker Foxpark Wyoming Juri8-20may'19 Camp 278 THE VALDRIS BOOK Lewis. Co M 127th Inf 32d Div. Meuse-Argonne battle, Coblenz. Par Gullik & Berit Viker, W Slidre. Melvin Viste Clay Banks Wis Par Knut K Viste & Ragnild Gullikson. Bennie O yold Maynard Minn Mechanic in Aviation Camp. Par Andrew O Void & Mina Rangerud, Toten. (Katte- vold). Stener E Void Kerkhoven Minn 28juri8-25jan'19 Co D 4th Anti Aircraft M G Battn. Camp Wadsworth. France. Fa Engebret S Void, Hailing. Mo Mathea d o Peder Landsen & Berit Garthus. Oscar G Waarum Manitowoc Wis Fa Knut Waarnm. Abner Wahl Lanesboro Minn 8feb'18-30jan'19 311th Trench Mortar. Arr Oversea 4oct'18. Mo Valdris. Alvin Wahl Lanesboro Minn Mustered out 6dec'18 11th Observation Co. Camp Taylor. Bro Abner. Carl Walden Nekoma N D Olvin Walden Nekoma N D Peter Wangsnes Cyrus Minn 23juri8-30juri9 Camp Wadsworth. France. Par John & Maria Wangsnes. Grfa Erik Skogen (Skaveldo). Russell Alvin Weblen Minneapolis Sept'18- S A T C, St Thomas. Orders to camp Pike for O T C. Fa Martin A WebHen. Mo Martha Thompson. Melvin Westboe Erdahl Minn 25mayT9- Co M lllth. Inf. Camp Lewis. Died of wounds in France. Fa Hilbert s o Knut & Kjersti Vestrebpeie, Aurdal. Mo Johanne, Ringerike. Arthur Wigen Manitowoc Wis Harry M Wilberg Kensington Minn 23jul'18- Park Batty 4th Corps Art Park. Camp Wadsworth. France. Par Martin H. Wilberg, Kristiania, & Berit d o Thomas & Ingrid Dokken, N Aurdal. Edwin Wiste Adams N D 21sepT8- Infantry. Camp Dodge. France. Severly wounded in both legs. Par P T Wiste «& Oline Rebne. VALORISES IN THE WORLD WAR 279 Herlie Clarence Wiste Spring Grove Minn 23oct'18- Camps Forrest, Dodge. Fa Tollef H Wiste. Torger Wiste Adams N D. Par Peter T Wiste & Oline An- derson, both W Slidre. Born in Valdris. Ed^ar Olaf Wold Roseau Minn 29mar'18- Amb Co 131. 108th Sanit Train 33d Div. France jun'18. Roll of Honor 33d Div for Gallantry. Par Nels E Wold & Kari Paalelien. Ernest G Wold Minneapolis 1st Lieut Aviation. Killed in action laug'18, France. Fa Theodore Wold. Mo Belle Groves d o Andrew Halvorson Groves & Guro Chris- topherson B^rhus. Nels T Wold Mcintosh Minn 12apr'18- Camp Dodge. France may'18. In many Bloody Actions on West Front. Killed in Argonne Drive 28sep'18. Received Congress Medal of Honor for Signal Bravery in action. Fa Tide- mand E Wold. Chapter VI. SOME DOCUMENTS, AND SELECTIONS WRITTEN BY VALDRISSES IN AMERICA THE CONSTITUTION OF THE VALDRIS SAMBAND. Grunnlov aat Valdris Sambande. I. Dette selskap^ eite Valdris Samband. 11. Samband^ esla se te fostr0 indbyrdis venskap o hugnarsle smakvseme iblant Valdriso i Amerika, o te aukjzJ kjensl te Valdriso o d^iris dug o drivna her o i gaml0 heime. III. Vaeljandis te vaera nine i sambande xv^ del so se taa Val- dris aett o deiris sekt0maka. IV. Embaismennadn xr^ ein President, ein Vice-President, o ein Sekretser ; o kor taa dei bar te ten0 sambande paa den vis so sleke emba^smenna pi a ; men sekretsern ae okso Kasserar. Atve desse tryaa vjeljast seks te, so at dae bli eit ni-manns Styre, so ska pars0 o styr0 alt da^ sambandjzi eig o alt so kjaem di ve, i samhjzJve ma; desse grunnloven o an sambandsfere- s0gn. V. Eit sambandsm^te ska haldast te kort aar, der o ner so sambandjzf en styre se eins um. Paa desse m0te ska dse fyst nsevnast ut minst tryaa vael- jarmenna. DOCUMENTS AND SELECTIONS 281 Ner daa embaesmennadn ha jort grei0 fj^r embaesdrivnae si, so sko desse vaeljarmennadn me.yn0 up te val i dae minst0 eit navn f0r kor post i sambandsstyre. Derette ska samband^ vaelja embsesmenna o styre anti taa desse so ae v0rtne nasvnde en are. Sia ska m0te fjzfrast paa dae lag so styre ha einast us, en so so m(zite heist vil. VI. Te hald)z{ huvutaludn ve m^zSto ska styre taka Valdrisa; o taludn sko heist vaera paa Valdrismaal. VII. Den so ae vaeljandis o vil in i samband0 har te skrivjzl se in jaa sekretaere en engon an taa styrismenno, o laejji fern o tju^ cents (25c) i kassa; men taa kjaering o b0dn aat ein so alt ae v^rtin sambandsmann kraevst dae kji instigspaeinga. Aarspaeinga as 25 cents aar0. VIII. Paa dae at dae kan sankast viss0 o truvaerdig^ kunnskap um Valdrisadn o deiris sysl o saga, so ska kor paa sama tin so'n s0kji se in i sambandjzJ, skrivjzi up o skaff0 styre so myl^ji uplysning um se sj0l, sit f^lk, o si aett, so'n kan vaera viljog0 te laeta dei faa. Alt dae so bli soleise sanka, o alia ara skryfte, b^ka, o belaeto so koma i vareign aat sambande, sko f^rvarast paa engor trygg0 o eldf ri0 stella ; o styre ae ansvarle fjzir kost alia sleka sake parsast. Sekretaern ska, ette so dae bli'o paalagt, del^ ut i sam- bande talo o anna so bli trykt o utjeve. IX. Te di at samband0 kan viarr^ driv0 fram dae so dae ha ssett se te lage, so vil dae jedn0 sjaa at Valdrisadn, i kor graend der dae finnst mange nok taa dei te di, faa istand samlag mae sama grunntanko so dei aat sambande. Sambandjzi vil okso jednj2( sjaa te at dgp bli upsanka, akta, 282 THE VALDRIS BOOK o kunnjort alt slekt so kjaeni)^ Valdriso, Valdrisbygdo, o Val- drisspraake ve, her i desse ny^ o k]Sdr0 heime aat so mange Valdrisa. Den Soykjand^ Mai, Nikja Hundr0 o Tvo. VALDRISSTEVNE PROPOSED BY THOMAS LAJORD Era A MiNiAP0LS. januar, sjele aar0 f^r me skriv0 Nihja Hundrj^. Ner e tra?ffa te haayr^: "Me Valdrissa i Miniap0ls o Sanctpaal bord0 aig^ng ha ei Samjzfnkomst'n Qvseld. f0r ai liti Moro" HJ£em e ihug ko Wergeland saie : "Hvor er min fyrige, min kjiekke Elv, min Baina, Helten mellem Norges Strdmme etc" — "No kan inhji vaera langt te Valdris at, ?ijarsta bh so bait i Live" etc. — : "o so Blomma, so ae Jen- tud'n" etc. — : "Men e jek min vffig, tsenktjzJ kun paa deg, so venast0 i Valdris," etc. — osv. : "Men blindt var dit 0ie for bVjjkner og Fruer, de syntes mot Berith som Kraaker mot Duer" etc. Kost den stor^ Kulten maatt^ ha' elska Valdris. Ain svserst Snill0 Valdris s^ng: "Der er en Dal udi Nor- ges Land, som er den bedste paa Kloden" etc. Ner'n Paul du Chaillu svalla um Valdris, faa Augo has st0rr0 Glands o Liv, o Ald^r gaar den Dal bono or Minne. Men dae va so f0rtr0ngt, at mange jilde Jento o Guta tyttjzi dai hji hadd0 n0k 01bogoslag, oso fl0tt0 dai hit. Her ha dei allpraio graina se ut otrule g^t o fint. Endaa dae baerrae'n femti aar ha me Valdrissad'n: 1, mange aekta goe Fjzfrret- ningsmaenna ; 2, sjele glupe Professora; 3, Bispa o Presta; 4, mang^slags Kunstarbeiara ; 5, Prukk0rat0ra ; 6, Embes- niccnna ; 7. D0kt0ra; 8, Musikant0ra; 9, Skul0maist0ra ; 10, Avismacnna ; 11, askta B0nda; 12, true Arbaisf0lk etc. Kaa- ma me aig0ng isam0n vild0 me vist ha' mangt s0ji um; men kaem vil staa i Ferespais'n? Die bli saigast0 Knutin. Anti maa dx bli du Brandt eldaa Prof. Brandt, Robinsdale, eldaa Prof. N. Platen, eldaa aen G. J. Lomen. F0r nokon maatt0 faa m0te istand, sj0ne du. Rim01evis vild0 hji nokon ta sli Bry o K0stna at dai kaa- DOCUMENTS AND SELECTIONS 283 me fraa ara Stello, um du so skraiv lite um dae i Bla'e. Men e trur dae skuld' bli'n morosam Qvseld. Kvaemfjzilke maat ta ma; se lite mat i ai Kcirg, o Karad'n noko Sjilinga te bittala i0r LaanjT^ paa Huse me brugt. Hatt nokon Fe\0 — o dugt noko — maat'n ta' o mse, o hat nokon Lamgjzflaik, fek den ■hji dylja di. Dugt nokon te je'n Sang so va dae bra, oso fsek me ta fram f0r Frdnt'n taa dai Hkast^ te saia n0kk(zir Or um ait slikt M^te. Bjjzfrnson saie : "Den Gut'n x havand0, Jenta ska vaera has", o e saie at den so va gote vinn0 ai taa Jento or Valdris, X havandp, o skuld bli mottakin i Al^te, so g0t so nokon Val- dris. Hat me hji anna prat^ um, kunna m0 dryftjzi: "Kost kunna me — so Valdris-amerikan^ra j0lp0 te blese Liv i Ain- haitstankin haennae Gyde aa Kvie?'' Me veta sligt Arbai be- hj;^vist yx\ o me veta okso her ae goa Kraefto baerra dai kaama i Bruk. Me ha Ungdom so ha' gaat ij^no Klassud'n paa'n Maate so ae gled^le o veta um ; men so v^rsto dai slaepte ut paa Viaim attistan f0r e trur me bord0 ha minst 6 taa dai i Universitete vaar0 o nokon her o der i Statsskulo vaaro, te onaevnjzile Gagn fc^r vaar0 Ungdom, slikt kunna me svalljzi um. V^rste dae baerrae ait lite M0te fystjzf g^nge, so kansji dae aigjzing i Vaar kunna bli ait, ell tvaau storjzf M0to ve Minne- haha, ell Como, ell Harriet, o ait lite ait v^re v0l baer0 ell inhji. Jer no soso du synist rettast o best o ae du ell nokon an', gote o vil faa istand ait sligt m0te, ska e bea fjzir baadjzi Jaito o Saauo hass. yErbjz^digst, T. L. (Thomas Lajord). From NORDVESTEN, 2 Febr. 1899. FRA OTTER TAIL COUNTY Hr. Redakt0r! For en tid siden stod et stykke paa Valdris i dit vaerdi- fulde Blad angaaende et paata?nkt M0de af de i St. Paul og Minneapolis boende valdriser, indfj^dte, indflyttede og ind- giftede. Tanken likte jeg meget vel ; men jeg vil dog foreslaa en liden Forandring. ]\l0det b0r ikke holdes fj^r saa langt 284 THE VALDRIS BOOK Lid paa Vaaren, at det kan holdes i det Frie, og da enten ved Minnehaha Falls eller Como Park. M^det b0r.ikke blive et for St. Paul og Minneapolis alene, men for hele Amerika, saa at en Valdris i Texas, Georgia, Florida, Washington osv. som kan og vil b52$r kunne bivaane Mjzfdet ligesaagodt som en fra nsevnte Byer. Tager jeg ikke meget Feil, er der gode Valdri- ser i Sangforeningerne i de to Byer, og forhaabentlig vilde da disse m0te frem og alle vsere Valdriser en Stund, bare for at glsede Forsamlingen med lidt- af sin herlige Sang. (Jeg har hj^rt "Nordmsendenes" og "Norges Ekko" og Tak skal de have, de sang fint). Kunde og vilde da f. Ex. Mons Anderson og Harald Thorson ogsaa mjzide og give sine Venner et Vink om hvorle- des unge msend b^r gaa ivei, saa de kunne vente god Frem- gang i Forretninger, saa var det bra. Jeg ved at det er far- ligt at vaere fremragende, flittig og dygtig; thi Misundelsen trives desvserre ogsaa i vort herlige Land; men jeg vilde dog ikke sige til Ungdommen, som hin Kone sagde til sine Bj^Jrn, "laerer eder ikke til at gj^re nogenting, for se nu hvorledes eders Fader rives hid og did Nat og Dag." (Han var en yp- perlig Arbeider). Jeg vilde heller sige til de Unge: "Sdger trolig efter at laere det, som er nyttigt og gavnligt, og lad Verden murre og knurre." Kunde nogle af de kjsere, dyg- tige og unge Professorer, tillagt de to nsevnte, af vort Folk kunne komme, saa var det saare gl?edeligt. Det bseres mig for at endog Hoyme, Aubol, Gjevre, B0e, Belsheim, Lockrem, Ellestad, Dr. Egge, Veblen, A., og Veblen T. og Veblen 0. og Prof. Dahle vilde f^le Lyst til at vaere med i en slig For- samling, bare det skeede, naar de paa nogen Maade kunde afse Tid. Jeg vil foreslaa Sjzfndagseftermiddag i den Uge den Forenede Kirke har sit Aarsm^de, eller ogsaa Torsdag den Uge. Eller kanske den Uge den norske Synode har sit M0de i en af de to Byer; thi jeg tror det bliver der. Vser nu saa snil nogen hver at udtale Eder om Sagen. Hvis Knut Trondsen orkede at vaere med, vilde vist Forsam- lingen like det; ban har gjort meget for Hj emmet hertillands, DUCUMENTS AND SELECTIONS 285 saa jeg tror mange Hkte at takke ham. J. E. Belsheim i Nor- ge burde tage sig en Morotur og blive med. Hvorledes vilde det vaere at tage f. Ex. Gudmund Nor- sveen til Ordf^rer for Dagen og til at ordne M^det, Chr. Brandt, L. O. Wilson, A. Sundheim og O. Flaten — de to f^rste i St. Paul og de to sidste i Minneapolis. Jeg tror de vil vaere villige dertil for Sagens Skyld. Nogen maa berjzfre denne Sag i "Skandinaven", "Decorah- Posten" og "Amerika". Selv om jeg ikke skulde vaere rigtig tilpas den Dag, vil jeg komme og for Sagens Fremgang teg- ner jeg mig en Otter Tail Valdris. From NORDVESTEN 23 Febr. 1899. LAJORD'S SONG At the first Valdrisstevne, June 25, 1899. Me aera Valdrisa ; O d'ae, sovit e kan f0rstaa. So h0gt so i0\k kan naa, Undtagen Yankeea! — Dif^r m0 flj^tt^ hit. Her ae hji myhjy berg o stain, Men frutta fjaas o vain, Dae all0best0 haim. Me m0tast her idag. Me minnast vael dai h0g0 fjell. Der st^l o fjor o sael Har nat so Ij0s0 dag. Den viltr0 Baina spring. Or fjor te fjor, o sopa in Hji faa'a aena fin', Te Dramm^n ho taek inn. Ho jere hj^p paa h^p O Valdrisguta hj?^pp0 mae, 286 THE VALDRIS BOOK (D'se bain so 0rsk^'( dcTe!) O jentLidn stir0 gl^gt, O tsenhji ve se sj0l : D'ge knaft iim sprsekar kara bor Paa hailjzi vaar0 jor, Mae trufast hj^^nd o or. O her me jengo fram, vjzlnno sai0r slag i slag, 1 alslax bask0tag, Alt frutta brask o bram. Guddag, o tak f^r sist ! E haapa me sko faa trseffast jamt. — Dae vjz(r0 morosamt ! — Korst aar, um me faat kans. Vorst samvaer varst so korst ; Men solais bar dae se paa jor: "Guddag! Farvel, min bror!" So baer dae s0 o nor. Men minne ae so s0dt. I ut0, inn0. arbai, kvil, Ijjzfno livets kjil, Dae l0kka fram mangt smil. Thomas Lajord. VALDRISST/EVNE Ve Minnehaha Que August 1900. Her ha me samlast. f^r Moro o Glee ! Tankin flyg baimat aat Valdris idag. Der ha me springe, o s0nge. o bee, Der varst inprenta die aelsk^le Lag ^rle so Tore, stanhaftig so Stain, Venle mot 0llo, o Injin te Main. Fjelle ae h^ge o Dalad'n jupe, DOCUMENTS AND SELECTIONS 287 Gr^na ae Liad'n, Fjoradn blaa, Arbaidsf0lk ala dai der, so se glupe, (Flid ?e n^dvendig. sosandt dae ska gaa) V0re dai Uslinga, Tank0laaus, lat. Ald^r dai kunna f0rkverv0 se Mat. I slika Bygda maa 01mugin klor0. Hsenji paa Kvisto, so Katta paa V?eg, ^st man ska: faa noko G0t nppaa Bor^, Spell jikj0t. Lefsri. o stundo ait TEg. Dif0r bli F0lk0 so letvinte du ! Den hji ha set dai, kan ald^r dse tru. Haimbygd du h^gagta \ aldris ! me hels0 Venle o ynsjy de Lykk0 o Pre, M^te der Plago. me ynsjy de Frelso, Rigdom or Vattne. Tor. Berg, o fraa Fe ! Lat us so sende korare ait Or. 0fto. solsenji me leva paa Jor. F0r dae je Moro, ja virk0le Kvil0, Ner Breve saia: "Me rusljz$ so bra." Ungdom o gamle F^lk Isesa o smild: "Ola X f link^, o Tak ska'n ha !" O dse kan hsend^ de synast dae bra. Faa Helsing skreve ved Minnehaha. Storp{ Amerika, frugtbart o herle ! F0lk0 or Valdris dai elsk0 de hjz^gt, Her varst me modtagne storarta. kjserle, Sj0l'j0lpne v0rst0 me faelandd sn^gt. Derpaa ska Skudsh0dn0 jeva ait Smell. Fag^r ae Valdrisli, Aasa o Fjell. Thomas Lajord. 288 THE VALDRIS BOOK DOCUMENTS AND SELECTIONS 289 FROM PRJESIDENT HOYME On receiving Mr. Veblen's address at the Valdrisstevne in Como Park, 1901. Eaii Claire, Wis., den 12 Nov. 1901. Hr. Prof. A. A. Veblen ! E lyt faa L0v te takM De f^r den Tala, Du sent0 me. Daa ho kom, hadd^ E dae sjele ansamt, men E kund0 kji hald0 me, E maatt^ te Isesa. F^r dae fyst^, so skiildjzf E daa berr0 smaka paa den litevetta, men E vart sitand E — heilt te Duggurds. O daa E va kaamin te Endis, so kunna E jednjzJ bejynt paa at. Dae vart so rart f0r me, mse E las. E vart Smaagut att0 o syntist, at E sat heim^ jaa Far o Mor meno i dei vsesl^ St0gun vaar o h0irdjz( paa Far min o alle dei arjzJ sat o svalla utover Kveldseta. E hj^ird0 attjzJ mit ei^ Mors- maal so klobaerle o so greit, so bserr0 ein Valdris taa rett0 Slage kan tala dse. Tesmeir E les, tismeir maatte E beundrjzJ De, so ha kunna jj2^ymt so g^t paa Dit Morsmaal. E ha nok laenji vist, at Du 36 ein lgerd0 Man — baad0 Spraakman o anna, men at Du skuldj2( kunn^ Valdrismaal0 so g0t o kund^ vaera saa haag- gand0 sikker i Vending^n, dae hadd^ E sletinkji trut, f0r E saag det mae min0 eignj2^ Augo. E ae no inkji nokon Spraak- man E te saia taa, men so mykji veit E, at detta va eit Mei- sterstykji, o det ha E h0irt alle ha sagt, so h0ird0 denne Tala i Summar. Ja, Tak ska Du ha, so kom me ihug o sendjzi denna go^ Tala te me. O no lyt E ogso faa, \0y te saia De, at ifjor Summar faek E over te me sendt ait gamalt Roskaap, so Far min ha gjort. Dette Skaapjzf saag E, daa E va heimj^ i Valdris f0r fir^ Aar sia. Dae hadd0 stae paa sama Plasse i dai St^gun, so E as fjzfdt, lik0 sia AarjzJ f0r E va f0dt, lik0 tes no. E syntist E faek slek Hug te faa dae, o daa E so kom heimat te Amerika, so hek Hugen endaa ve detta gaml0 Skaa- pjzi. So skreiv E te Man, so no eig0 Garen, Hoyme, um han vildjzJ saelja me detta Skaapjz^. Jau det vild^'n — han vild0 la me faa dae te jevings tismeir, o daemae so sendt0 han dae te me mae ein Valdris — han ae endaa Kj^pman — so va heimattjzJ. 290 THE VALDRIS BOOK O no har E dse i Kantore mi. E vild0 kji bli aav mge di, urn ein bail me Halvfemsjz(nskju0 Dalar i Sylv f^r dae. Nei, dae vild0 E kji! No bruka E dette gaml^ Skaap0 te ha gamle Rariteta i o alt, so E synist x j?evt, so E maa j0ym0 paa. O no laeg E Tala Di in i dette Skaap^. O dae maina E, at ain bser^ Plas kan E kji ha 'o paa. E tack 'o enno fram at o lae.s 'o aaver at, men ner E inkji laes eld syne'o fram te nokon, so har 'o sin Plas der i Roskaape ette Far meno. Ja, no faar E vel slutt0. Dii faar imdskjyldjzi, at E ha sagt "Du" o "De" te De. Du vait Valdrisadn ha kji Grai0 paa "De" o "Dem". Um m0 skuld0 te mas di, so vj?irte dae baer^ noko burti Vaegjidn mae di, vait Du. O so vait Dn E ae Slir^jaelding E maata, so E brytjzi vel lite paa De o Dit Maal. Dette faar Du ogso und- skjyldjzf — Du f^rstaar me alti paa ain Maate. Mae Helsing o H^gagtils Din G. Hoyme. VALDRISN Du Valdrisslegt, du ae eit grepa f0lk ! Um du ae taata up paa glae0 mj01k. El du ae alin up paa stormans vis, So staar du stadigt lik0 h0gt i pris. I Valdris tok du mange tunge tak, Men mot0 belt se g0t o ryggen rak. Ner ar0 kvilt0 se, so to du trast Den h0gst0 bj0lkin mae eit hallingkast. Du klauv i bergaskorto so ei jeit, O faskk din styrkji o di sikkerheit; Let auga fara aaver fjor o land, O f^kk di gl0gheit o ei klaar f^rstand. Du stird0 i dae blank0 vatn0 ne, Te himilspiln fylt0 de mae fre; O fjelluft to du i so lange drag. At friheisandn belt mae jarta slag. DOCUMENTS AND SELECTIONS 291 Dei so ae komne hit te Onkel Sam, Ha jort dse sjele g0t o kraat se fram. Ner Valdrisn ha v0re her eit bel, So ha han I?ert o ta sin full^ del. Ko mange se d?e kji so bit se fast I dae dei lik0, men dei slepp0 trast, Ner t0nne jere Hte vont ; dei ha Kji korkji to el t^te te o dra. Ein slek0 Valdris fins d.T her o der, F0r sau^huvii ser du kor du fser, O stimdo finn du nok ein skraHn skr0tt, So har eit daarle \0k o klen0 bjzltt. Men ta de tvihsendis i kiggen paa, At das kji mange Valdrisa o sjaa, So kji kan springd, gaa el krabbj2< dit, So ar0 glupe fp'lk mse aer^ sit. Han prilla inkji spael el fisla, han, Um han ser nok so storsnuta ein man. Dae lig i f0lke, ska e seia de, At dei faa ilt, ner dei ska b^iji se. Ein Valdris bli kji trast so engelssprsengd, At han maa skundd se faa lepin raengd. Han triir, dae aebne han ha faat te kjaft, JE gjzft nok, um dae sit paa Valdrisskaft. Men ner han vil paa engels grei^ se, So bli dae nok so reint o pynt0le. Du ser, han vil kji bland0 alt ihop O vaera hselte laerd o haelte kop. M0 vil kji skryt0, fjzfr das ae so leitt Ner are tru m^ klin^ paa f0r feitt. Dae finst nok fleira brae slaekte mae, Men Valdrisn — ja. la dae gaa mae dae ! 292 THE VALDRIS BOOK O Valdriskvacmf^lke — o ]e]0 me! Kaem kan vael skriv^, so ban faar cl?e te Um al den hyjj0, goheit, kjaerleheit. So X i dei? — nei, e bli nok ibeit! Den fin0 strengen, so ska rjzirast ve, 7E e i^r tunghsent te o spela e, Men e veit d?e so g0t so nokon an : D?e finst kji sleke kvsemf0lk ar^stan. Ein ting e baapa ijH so den va f0r, At Valdrisadn staa ibop so br^r, At Samband0 vil bind^ dei so g^t, At knutin haekl0 dei isamen st^t. O. K. Fuglei. VALDRIS E veit kji ei snus um ko Valdris va Dengong dae va kjaenipo i lande. Dei skreiv kji mre pen um ko annaf^Ik sa Um beimen sin langt aaver vatn0. Men fanst d?e kjsempo paa gamal vis, So va dei alne paa Valdris vis. Kanhsend^, at Gyda va fostra i Vang, At riddara fanst paa Leirholla. Kan hgend0, at Olav, so kristna sit land, Tok Asarnes gaml0 drikb^lla. O fanst dae kunga paa Hamre o Rein, So va dse nok kunga mas nasabein. Kanhaend0, at fjelle ae h^grjzJ i s0, At sj0n se jupar en Mj^se; Kanhaend^, at sole paa frammande 0y 7E varmar en bo burti aase. Men inkji dae landgJ paa jorn finst ratt Mae laenger^ dag o Ij^sar nat. DOCUMENTS AND SELECTIONS 293 Um gull0 vaelt ut or fremman jor, O aakern b^gna taa kveitj^; Kanhaendjz^, at skogen je breiarjzi bor, O hestadn x gv0yr0 o feite. Um land0 va stort kor i viern e drog, So vene dala e alder saag. M^ veta, d'ae rikf^lk i andre land, M^ hauga taa pseing so skage, O kaftin o dokt^r ae annakor mann, Mae klseo taa finast0 slage. Men ser du ette, du finn kji ein, So har so Valdrisn maerg i bein. Her ha m0 fjell, so i sjye r0kk, O aasa mse skoggr0ne si0. Her ha m0 fjora mse celv o baekk, O aakra, v^lle o lie. Her dufta alt so ein blomsterkrans, Ein solsjinsdag ette Sant0 Hans. T. K. Rogne. BUFARDAGEN E va kansji sjau el aattjzi aar gamal, — ja, d'ae barne- minno so lijji friskast i huge. I dei sist0 dago haddjzi m0, baad0 fjzilk o kr^t^r, stunda te bufardage; f^r bufardagen stundast paa mae stora f^rventninga, is«r taa bjzidno so ha v0re paa stjz^le hail0 summarn o kji ha set haimen paa manga veko. Kl^ve va jord fserig kvteldn fereaat. E hadd^ pakka in f0rsigtigt dai finast^ stainkjyradn men0. Dae va fine, run- de staina, so fjellvatn0 hadd0 pussa o farga raue. Bufar- dagsmjz^rgon va m0 upp0 laenji fere dagen. Alle kappast um o koma fyst haimat : inkji f^rdi at dae kji vild0 jaera dae lik0- so g0tt o koma saindr0 paa dage, men kapparlyste kom f^r dagen der lik^so ho jere iblant kjasringo i byo her i Amerika, dai vilj0 alia vaera fyst te faa ut vasken sin. 294 THE VALDRIS BOOK So snart dae tok te lysjzS taa dage kuiina m0 sjaa bufaeridn draga aaver Svultatangin, — ain smaljz^ tange imyljo tvo fine kjsedn, lite haimaf0r N0sakampe. El m0 h^yrdjzi rautn taa kr^t^r so va onaaogne paa o kaama fort haimat. o h^yrd0 bjdll0rammeln o h^^yrd^ bndaiudn laakka. Dae va dai so kom or Kvitjzihauge, or Str0, o or N-^sn. Dai va utjzJ tile; f0r dai hadd0 lang vseg. Daa m^ hadd0 lagt up kl0ve ga ho mor kjyro salt, mci slaeftjzi saiiidn ut taa kveen, o so 10yst0 m0 kjyradn. "No faa d0 gaa i Guds navn" sa ho mor. Han far smselt^ K^lven i k(/(lv0laas0 o sa: "Jesu navn". Ho mor sa: "Ja, Gud vait um m0 alle se lage te kaama her te summare." Men ho mor, — Gud kvilj^ sjsele — kom der ald0r mair; ho djz) inna aarjzi va umm0. — Men kjydn f^rstod dse skuld^ baera haimat, o dai vistjzi vsegen, o avstse bar dse. E huksa kost sole rann so rau o fin i Kvislast^lsh^gdn daa rnjzi kom paa Synhaug, o Syndin laag so still o blank mae noko skpdd^tova ette nj^rdr^ enda. Men dae so hseng msest i minne mi ae dae syn0 so fyst mptto augo daa m0 kom haim- paa Kvislafjellp. M0 saag likjzi burti Jotunhaimen. Dae va blaat i blaat mas kvita snj^faenna. so skar i gull o glitter i solsjene. M^ saag jzJvst^ garadn i H0risbygdn o Liagaradn imot nor, o langt utaaver Aurdals aasadn i s0. Men das bar neaaver lie o' moadn. M^ plukka o aat blaabaer, o kjydn sprang o bles i nasin o laitt^ ette s0p, o dai f0rsto o sjilja den astand0 s^ppen ifraa dai fdrjeftign^. yEnd>^le kom m^ utpaa stup^ paa Bratt0bakke aava Kaarsta; o dae va dae syn0 so jek i jjzino me so e spratt i kor ain le. Der laag 0igar o Ellesta garadn jzivst upp0 paa andr0 sia aat elven o f jore. Der sto sjaerdd k0dnaakern o sjein so gull, potetgras0 va gr^nt, o harv0aakern va gr0n o gul avvekslend0. Paa R0vang o Stee o andre gara ni0 mot fjore sto k0dn0 i l0ne o rjaa, o rjaadn sto i fina rae. Kongsvaegen laag so ai kvit bor0 ij0no bygde. E h0yrd0 durn too Lof0sse, m0 saag Rist0bbrune o aane, saag grunnadn imyljo brun o jup0 fjore. M0 saag b0ttn ij0no das grunn0, blaa0 vatn0. Ein litn vindgare taa synna m0tt0 straume taa aa'n o buljudn tumbla o kruUa se i DOCUMENTS AND SELECTIONS 295 kamp um ksem so skuld raa, straumen el vindn ; men strau- men blanda se mse vatne i f jore, o vindn kunna kji driv^'n tebakers ; men ner straumen va blanda mae f jore, daa krulla vindn'n up so dse saag ut so'n ha gange tebakers att. KlcJv- hestn jikk nijjzino Ristjzig^tudn so smaastain ruUa. So jikk dae aaver Ristjzibrune. Der maatt0 m0 stansj^J o sjaa ni^ vatnj^. M0 sto paa brun o saag kj0udn staa mae huvue imot straume o lea paa spoln. Jaa'o TjziHaiv paa Moe tok m0 taa kl0ve o kj^yrdjzl paa kjserrjzi spaaver um Hjzive o Lome, das va bakkut vaeg aendaa. Der asrtjziaakeradn va f0r tet ve vaege laut m0 sta o ta noko sert^sk0lme. F0lk ette vaege so sto o skar kom o saag paa kr0t0re o ba us vaelkomne taa st0le; men stans^ kunna mjzi kji, i0r krjz(t)zire strjz^ymd^ paa. Jaa'o Jon Norigare paa Kvaa- le stansa m0, mj^lka kjydn, o der m^tt^ nokon us haimate, o tok krj^t^re uppaa haimst0ln. Men m0 raist^ haim aat Br^ta, o der mjz(tt0 ban go fa us paa d^rahellun o ba us vael- komne haimat, o so sa'n: "O nai, ko stor gutn miri ha v0rte." E syntist stogo va stjzirr^ o Ij^sar no. O dae va rart o sjaa kattn at, o sail va ban, fjz(r ban faekk no s0t mjjzilk fyst0 gaan- ge paa manga veko. Maea ho mor kokt^ bufargrauten jikk e ni0 stor^-hasggen, so sto neve t0rstogo, — den va den stjz!- st0 i graendn — o haejjibaere va go; ja e syntist'o smaka baer0 el m^ltudn hadd^ smakt paa st0le. So kom han Knut paa Haugo, min best0 kammerat. Han faekk smaka rjumm^- grautn, o sia jik m0 ut o oversaag alia baerkjjzJrra kring mar- kidn. E f0rtasld0 bono um alting if raa stjzile, o han fjz(rtaeld0 me um dae so haddjz! hsendt haim0 um summarn, o m0 kjaendjzi us so tef res o glae i0r m0 va isamen att ! R. N. Qualley, (Reiar i Kvaals-Br0ta.) EIT MINDE FRAA SLIDES E sto uppaa Olberg Ein summarkvasld klaar, O saag nerpaa slaette o bakka. 296 THE VALDRIS BOOK O fjorn va spilblank, O markji va gr^n. E syntis nok ret dae va vakkert. Ve mi si(2( sto var'en O peikt0 dit up ; E tykt0 han sa, du kji g\0ym0 Ko vent her ae laga ! So vakkert o sjaa, D'se injinstan venar en helm0. Den ti va e ung0. No se e heilt graa, Men alder e gl^yme den stunde. Men du so ae heim^, Gaa dit o sjaa, Du gl^yme dae injinlunde. E. A. Hjelle. H/ELVTUMSINGEN Gaa in i murke, stille Gr^nskogen ein Summarkvaeld ; dae ae stilt o fredele der, o imyljo Trj0no ligg eit Kjedn, likt eit stort, djuft Auga. Der staar okso Bj^rkje has Jj^^rgen Moe o luta se utover. Du a; paa ein Maate raed det djupe, murk- blanke Augae, men dae lokka o draeg de, lell. Du maa gaa iiemmar o stanse. Du bli likeso hypnotisera : Tankad'n snu se in te, o ner du sjele lye ette, so ae dae nok inkji stilt der I heldan. F0r der ae dae Nykken spela paa H0rpa si, men dae 'kji alle sc h^yre dae. Men den Alusikken, den syng um noko taa kort den; | men mest um dae m0 sakne o stunde ette, mest um dae djupe o mystiske. Dae ae Eivets Mol Akkorda so laate der. Der m^tte e fyste Gaange hono Tjzfrgjer, Haelvtumsingen, so gik Gar imyljo o let paa Fela. Han hadde m0tt ei Jente eigaang — ho narra'n. Daa gik das sundt ein Straeng i Brin- gun has, o'n T^rgjer vart haelvtullut. Fela has hadde otte DOCUMENTS AND SELECTIONS 297 Strsengji, men dei leto so rart. Dei likeso smaajamra se. O ban lutte se ne imot Felun o smaamuUa mge se sj^l, ner ban let — ban fortselde henne, ko ilt ban badde dae. O Fela va ein go Ven; bo song tit al Sorji bas. No lig ban T^rgjer unde Grastorvun o kvile se. John Dahle. I VALDRIS Aa saag du vort Valdris synnan ifraa Dse bl0me rat nor te snjjzJfjello. O saag du vort Valdris noran ifraa, Dse leikte mse liv yvi v^llo. E reiste i Valdris fraa &0 o te nor. E snudde, jik vsegen atende. E saag mange berg, mykje vattn o jor. Der fre va, e bugbeil me kjende. Aa nei, kos dse. bl0mde paa mark o paa tuft, O sraaafugla saang som dei kappast, O lufte va fylt taa sang o taa duft, Solstraala mae snj^fello nappast. Aa nei, so dei bjz(dne saag rauleitte ut, Mse augo som sjerno so klaare, Der b^irdist kje sutter, der saag ein kje sut, Som dag, so jik fort heile aare. O bjzidne veks up, eig snart sj^lve sit bu, Kor taek sine lyfto o straeva, So ser dei framaaver i baap o i tru, Dae gror, der dei trufaste grava. "Gudag, gamle Aslak !" e sa te ein man, Han kvilde se ute paa tune. "Ein leve nok g0t her i Valdris, ein kan Fp'rstaa dae paa or o paa lune." 298 THE VALDRIS BOOK "Aa ja," svara gamlen, "me graev o me slit, O klundre nok naevin i steino, Men dae faar me gl0ime, naar aakren as kvit, O baeri hseng faerig paa greino." O. L. Kirkeberg. VANG E sto uppaa hjzfgd'n, ni dal'n e saag Eiii dag i mitsummarsti'n ; So blanks so spejil Vangsmj^se laag, O bygde so veen unde li'n. Men tubbo o steina o ulaendt^ jor, Dae syntist me va kji te finnast. So smaat va dae stygg0 men finheite stor. Slikt syn ae dae hugna te minnast. Dffi syn0 dae ser e kor vaegen min gaar, so klaart so e saag dae fraa hjz^gdn. Dae synist bli finar fraa aar o te aar, Taa di e so laengtas te bygdn. Mest solklaart e ser dae i jupast^ nat, Um alt uti myrkre se j^yme ; Men kjaemjzJ so svevn o taeko me fat, Um heimbygd o venne e dr^yme. O. I. Platen. LANGBEIN RESE Den st0st0 Valdris e kan saia taa, Han aitt0 Langbein Rese. Ko stor ban va kan du fjzfrstaa, Ner min sang du faar lese. Paa Bersfjelnjzfbbjzln dai saago'n staa. T0lv reina tok ban paa rygg0n. Undrast kost best ban kan Skudsh^dn naa. "E kan skreva aavc^r," sa styggjzin. DOCUMENTS AND SELECTIONS 299 Men f>^tadn v0ro kji lange n0k, So mitt ni fjorn else bser0, O vatn0 saiist dse uppaa'n r0k, So hjzigt so langt uppaa Issr^. Men daa skraik Langbein "e trur e dat ! Taa skam e mest kunna graat0. So mangain dipil so e ha vat; Men no fyst varst broke mi vaatj^." Dse so her se f^rtselt kan du lit0 paa M sannt kortainast^ or0; Fjzfr N0bbe o Skudsh^dn enno der staa; Imyljo lig Vangsmjc^se stor0. O. I. Flaten. DIKTARSJUKA Ner summartie kjaem, so sljzing dse mae At f)zilk faadiktarsjuka, o dse ae Ein fale farang, fjzfr'n vestna snart Den syndarn, so faar'o sjele hart. Men summ0 ha den sjuka ganskjz^ lett, O bryt'o ut, so sit dse kji so tett Mse rim^kveiso, anna den so li Kan kraa se att o skrangl^ ut si ti. O summjzJ kunnjzi dikt0 aar o dag O sjaa ut so dei pinast kji dse slag, Men injin veit kor dei ha hatt dse vaest F0r dei vart kvitte di, so sprsengd^ msest. F0r vanin, veit du, se ein an natur, O Isegst kji aav so let so mange trur, O 0fto maa dse d^ljast, dse so kji Ein stakkar vil staa aapenskaarle i. 30(1 THE VALDRIS BOOK Tedels kan sjuka fj^rj^byjjast so, At andre i0\k kan faa se fre o ro, O huvuskaale bli kji meir paa kant ^n hattn haelt se uppaa der iblant. Ner du no synist at dse faer o krsek krisla runnt, o leamakken tsek Te slaa mse rovun, so dse. finst kji raa At du kan korkji sseta de el staa — El du bejyna te o gljz^ymjzi taa Ko ende snur up paa de, o te sjaa 1 tomjzi lufte ut, o dr^ziymj^ um At aandn din liar alt f0r lite rum; Ner hausn tae te mjukn0 her o der O hasdna stritt0 ut, o augo faer Paa maafaa ette noko, so du trur Ska skaka jor o himmil tur i tur ; O ner du trur du hjziyre grasjzi gror, O lauvjz^ spraett, o at vor heil0 jor 2E fyllt mse aanda du kan sala paa O ri0 Isenger sen ein man kan sjaa; O ner du trur at alting se f0rtaft Fjzfrdi at diktarl0gin kji bar kraft Te drivjzf alle skapils slek so de. O berr0 gaar o unka de o be, At dei maa velast um, so dei kan bli Paa sama jser so du, o al si ti Maa gaa mse sk^lte full mse diktarsus, F0r eldaa bli kji slsekte vaerd ein snus - Daa faar du pass^z* de ; daa se das gaat So langt, so nokon man ha senno staat, Daa faar du sjaa aat o faa jort aat de, O dse ska nok k j i aug^vatn te : DOCUMENTS AND SELECTIONS 301 Du tae ein baelv^ p^tt mse bjz^v^rjaeld, So gaar du bakum laavin seint ein kvseld, So drik du b0v0rjaeldn aendjz( ne O seie: "finst dse st^rr^ tosk sen e?" So gaar du in o laese djzJre att O laka huvu dit ei heil^ nat, So staar du up o spigla de, o sp0r, Urn dse ha f^nnist sleke toska f0r. So tas du taa de brok^sselin daa O finn ei maur0tubbjz( fjz(r o sjaa At rim^kveisudn bli tappa g0tt, O seie "stj^st0 tosken e ha m^tt!" O muna dse kji, gaar du sta o finn Ein sjirjz( ValdrisskcHt i bein o sjinn — "O kjaerc{ Valdris, vil du ]0\p0 me, Fj^r e ha nok faat diktarsjuka e?" So tse ban de i kragaknappen, ban, O smelle de paa tryne so ein man, O rim o dikt, o kansji anna mse, Dae gaar nok alt i gljzJymjzfboke, dae. O. K. Fuglei. TENISTGUTN O husbon min han ae no so sjikkel0 ein man, At'n kan n^k sletinkji vasra baer^. E vil no straevjzJ jaa'o dae best^ e kan; E kan me kji sytilslausar naerjzf. E lika'n n0k so sjele aavermaat^le vsel ; Han sjjzJne no so g0t paa arbei o paa trael. Jaa slike menna ae dae gjzft o vaera. I 302 THE VALDRIS BOOK Han se no mae i arbei kor ainast0 dag, daa se ban heldan inkji lat^. E sjyr no heldan inkji d?e st0st0 omak, E pla no jednast okso vsera kvat^. Me kappast no so m?e di me arbei^ traatt ; Saa kvilj2^ me daa at so mykji mair^. 1 graaning^n o mednadn staar e up, je aaikjo mat, Dse ae no dae fyste e jere. So laga e me aat skoge, dae okso lyt gaa rat ; E vil naule nokon ska kaama fere, O blakk^n se no dygtig0 te rsekkji o gaa, O v0re'n berrjzf d^vin so skuld0 e jaga paa. Ner dae as lj0st ae me kaamne up i aasn. O bje^rske ae no taela, men staal^ bitjzJ gdt, O dygtigjzi ae e no te h^gg^. E klemme te aat buskun so staert o so st0tt ; E vait at e ska vaera sn^gg0. Dae ae rett inkji laenji f0r e ha faat las, Dae hasve se up framma so ain bane — Slik ain stas bruk^ me ner me kjaair0 bait or skoge. Dae halla no undaa ifraa aase o te gars O blakkjzJn ban traava o tana ; Dae kan du no tru att0 ner'n ae ret te pars Daa ae dae inkji raa at ban stana. Set byman das, so sikkert ban vjzfrste f^rfaerd, Han kunna inkji tru att0 dae ba gange vael. Men slik0 kar ae lansman te aka. Jobannes Belsbeim. HAN ELLEND SJEL Han EUend Sjel ae den staerkast^ mann so ba levt i Val- dris paa mange mann^minno. Das ba vist gange manga s0gne um'n, men dei ae no burtgl^ymda mest alia. Han Ellend va DOCUMENTS AND SELECTIONS 303 no kji taa dei so prjzJvjzf styrkjin sin paa kern dei sjaa, o reis0 up sjau prestjzfjaeld f^r o dsenji up alle gokara so dei sj0lve sko gaa frikar all^stane. Han Ellend skryttd kji stort taa maktn si, han, ska e tru. Ei g0ng das kom te'o ein gokar, so hadd0 gange frikar paa alder so mange martna o byreiso, tok han Ellend'n mse ein0 hjzJndn o snudd^zJ up-o-ne paa'o, helt'n stilly ei ri, o spord0 so um'n vildp hald0 fre. Daa vart skarvphallingen mjuk. Han haddp kome i springh^pp ijVno djzire o sport ette'o Ellend Sjel, men han jekk utatt so'n dxngd^ hund o gat alder dse slag0. I 1809 va'n Ellend mse i krie mge Sv«ri. Han va den staerkast^ mann so fanst i heiljz^ haern, seiist dse. Han vart insaett te timbermann o sme, o laut atve byrsa o matskreppa okso baera baadp snikkar o smiar anib0. Mang ei g0ng haen- d0 dae okso at engon taa dei andr0 vart upjaev, o daa tok'n Ellend jedn0 o bar baadjzi byrsa o matskreppa deiris o rugga like ratt. Dae ska kji klen rygg te di, f0r e ha sj0l v0re syla- ter, so e veit at dae as mykji skarv^pargas'n ska dra mae se kor'n gaar, o e trur no slett inkji bjzJre va lattarjzi daa en no. Ei g0ng kom dei te'n by inni Svaeri, so va full0 mae Svenska. Dei va raedde dei n0rsk0, difdr hadd0 dei synst dae va tryg- gast o slaa portadn i laas. Injin va go te faa up nokor d0r, men han Ellend ba dei ha se ifraa, greip mas baeo dei sena- baerr0 haendo si um storslejja si, tok tesprang, o slo so te ei taa portd^ro so nagla o laas r0st0. Dse kann vjzil haendjzi at Svenskadn fekk juling daa dei n^rsk^ kom in i by'n te dei. Han Ellend kom vael heim ifraa krie, o levd0 sia frele paa gare si, (Authorship unknown). I 0^ o 'o..