0'022 165 25¥ Hollinger Corp- _LJ Q c I LA 228 .A5 I Copy 1 A CLASSIFICATION )F UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES WITH REFERENCE TO BACHELOR'S DEGREES By KENDRIC CHARLES BABCOCK SPECIALIST IN HIGHER EDUCATION BUREAU OF EDUCATION WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 A > V^'V^ CLASSIFICATION OF UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES WITH REFERENCE TO BACH- ELOR'S DEGREES. The classification of universities and colleges presented in this cir- cular is the result of an attempt to estimate the work and status of a large group of institutions whose graduates in considerable numbers have sought admission to graduate schools and to professional schools requiring either a bachelor's degree or some part of an undergraduate course for admission to regular standing. No effort has been made to include all of the institutions listed as colleges by the Bureau of Edu- cation, nor should it be assumed that this classification represents a final judgment of the bureau relative to the institutions named. The preparation of this tentative classification was undertaken at the urgent suggestion of the deans of graduate schools at their meeting held in connection with the meeting of the Association of American Universities at Charlottesville, Va., in November, 1910. The cir- cular is sent out at this time semiconfidentially for their use, in the hope that the frank and thoroughgoing criticisms by those who may make use of its lists will materially assist the Bureau of Education in its preparation of a classified list of a large number of insti- tutions for regular publication, within the next A^ear or two years, within which time the Division of Higher Education should have arrived at a reasonable, well-informed, and definite judgment. The basis for the judgment expressed in this classification and in the one proposed is not merely a study of catalogues, registers, re- ports, and statistical statements of the institutions concerned. Infor- mation and opinions from widely different sources have been sought and used. The Specialist in Higher Education during the past six months made personal visits to nearh' all of the large institutions having graduate schools; he has studied their practice in dealing with applicants holding degrees from other institutions, both before and after admission to graduate status; he has conferred with deans, presidents, and committees on graduate study; and he has inspected the credentials and records of several thousands of graduate students taking courses during the last five years, in order to ascertain how such students stood the test of transplanting. In several cases the deans {)laced at the disposal of the specialist their own classified lists of institutions. Some of these lists were merely the accumula- tions of rulings of various officers of varying standards running over man}'' years; others, as in the case of the University of Chicago, rep- resented a recent attempt at rating the worth of degrees from col- leges having students in the particular graduate school concerned. SS2t3-ll (3) The institutions thus visited were: Johns Hopkins University, University of Pennsylvania, Bryn Mawr College, Princeton Univer- sity, Columbia University, New York University, Vassar College, Yale University, Harvard University, Cornell University, University of ^-lichigan, University of Chicago, Northwestern University, Uni- versity of Wisconsin, University of Illinois, Indiana University, and Ohio State University. On visits to State universities special en- deavor was made to ascertain their practice in dealing with under- graduates entering the State university from the other colleges and universities in their respective States, as well as with the graduates of these contributing institutions. Special mention should also be made of helpful interviews with the officials of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teach- ing, and of the General Education Board; with the first assistant commissioner of education of New York State, who is charged with oversight of colleges, professional and technical schools; with similar State education officers of Illinois, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina; and with the heads of several agencies for teachers who have supplied members of faculties to the small institutions and have dealt with large numbers of graduates desiring positions as teachers. The rating of institutions in this classification is based upon the course which might be followed by the ambitious student proceeding under normal conditions: (1) An earnest student of good ability and health who has complied with the requirements for a bachelor's degree in a standard college (one requiring the usual four years of high school work, or at least 14 units, for admission, and four years of well-distributed college work for graduation, in chargp of a com- petent faculty of not less than six persons giving their whole time to college work). (2) Whose work includes a solid foundation for the courses which he desires to take for the advanced degree. (3) Who enters upon graduate work within a year or two after taking his bachelor's degree, without intervening special study and without such advantages as might arise from teaching subjects of a special nature in high school or college, thereby making up in some part deficiencies in his college preparation for graduate work. Since many of the smaller colleges do their soundest and most efficient work in classical lines, the names of several sucli institutions are placed in Class II, but with the limitation that this recognition of their work is confined to students trained in the particular line of study mentioned in the parenthesis, as A, for the traditional classical or distmctively arts course. It is of course assumed that the line of study pursued for the higher degree is closely allied to the work done as an undergraduate, and not widel}- divergent as would be the case if a graduate from the classical course desired to take a master's degree in forestry. CLASS I. Institutions whose graduates would ordinarily be able to take the master's degree at any of the large graduate schools in one year after receiving the bachelor's degree, without necessarily doing more than the amount of work regularl}* prescribed for such higher degree. Institutions whose graduates would probably require for the mas- ter's degree in one of the strong graduate schools somewhat more than one year's regular graduate work. This would mean a differential which might be represented bj' one or two extra year-courses, by one or more summer school sessions, or by a fourth or fifth quarter. In accord- ance with the practice of some graduate schools a brilliant student with a brilliant record from the strong institutions in this class (those marked *) might be admitted probationally to regular candidacy, and if he gives satisfactory evidence of his ability to do the pre- scribed work during the first term or semester he might be given an individual rerating in the middle of the year and granted the higher degree on the completion of the regular minimum amount of work. CLASS m. Institutions whose standards of admission and graduation are so low, or so uncertain, or so loosely administered, as to make the requirement of two years for the master's degree probable. The alternative for this requirement of two years might be one j'ear in undergraduate status, terminating with a bachelor's degree, and a second year in regular candidacy for a higher degree with the ordinary amount of work. The older private institutions, such as Harvard University and Yale University, usually prefer not to give their bachelor's degree after a single year in residence. CLASS IV. Institutions whose bachelor's degree would be approximately two years short of equivalency with the standard bachelor's degree of a standard college as described above. It should be said in connection with this class that the information upon which to base judgment of individual institutions is less sufficient and satisfactory, and in larger proportion drawn from catalogues, than is the case for the other classes, since a relatively smaller proportion of the graduates of institutions in this class appears in the registration in graduate and professional schools. Presumably a much larger number of institutions will appear in this class when work upon the classification of colleges and universities has further progressed. Many of these institutions make the claim that certain of their graduates have taken the master's de- gree in one year at some one of the great graduate schools, but in practically all such cases the original deficiency has been measurably supplied by summer schools, teaching, field work, or practical experience extending over several years. 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