■in ! ^ ■^ 014 444 008 Hollinger pH 83 Mill Run F0S5193 P 229 .T98 Copy 2 ^A^IDIDE,E1SS PRESIDENT LYON G. TYLER, ON THE OCCASION OF THE CELEBRATION BT ffimifllarf CollepanJilieAi.^ FIRST SETTLEMENT OF JAMESTOWN. Printed Per Private Distribution J.H.Whitty,Richmcnd.VirFinla '1895. ^ • .i^DIDIiESS- Gentlemen of the William and Mary Col- lege, Ladies and Gentlemen: Sir Francis Bacon declared that in the artt- and sciences the first invention is of more consequence tlian all the im- provements afterwards, and tliat in king- dtms, "the first foundation or planta- tion is of more noble dignity and merit than all that followeth." He explains this by resembling them tc the creation of the world. In that sublimcsc of all chapters, chap. I, of Gen- .■sis, we are told tliat the earth was without form and void, and darkress was upon the face of the deep. The effect is sublime when the sun and moon rnd stars take their places in the skies, and the fowl of the air, the fish of the sea, and the beasts of the earth roj'ice in their marvellous light. But for tne plantation at Jamestown there would have been no Virginia, no New Kligland, and Ho United imitates. Within the narrow limits of the country between the .James and York rivers, in .?k;dins this island, have occurred the most important events affecting the des- tiny of the United States, viz.: The set- tlement itself at this place introducing the institutions of marriage, the right of trial by jury, the Protestant religion, and all the ! principles of Knglish civiliza- tion; the birth of the first white child; the conversion of the first heathen; the arrival of the first cargo of negroes; the establishment of the first free school (that of Benjamin Syms at Hampton); and the first uprising against the Kng- lish authority. I refer to the act of the Virginia people, denoimced by Charles I. as 'an assumption of regal power," of sending Sir John Harvey close prisoner to England, in 1635. Jamestown was never anything more than a mere village witn some considerable buildings of a metro- politan character; but as the first inven- tion, the first plantation, the first crea- tion, it is, in the language of Bacon, "of more dignity and m'^rit" than the impe- rial citiis of New York. New Orl< ans, Phil- adelphia, Washington, or Chicago. Its first log cabin is of more conseqtience to the ITnion at large than the proud man- sion of the chief executive. Surely, such a character In the place justifies the par- ticular, even If tedious narrative 1 Intend to-day. .ramestown Island contains, according to the survey made in recent times, l.BOU acres, and it averages 2 1-2 miles in length by 1-2 mile in breadth. At the time cf the arrival of the settlers on May i;th, 1«)7. it lay in the land of the Pas- beheagh Indians, one of the tribes which owed subjection to the chief, Powhatan. At this time, and for many years later, it was connected on the west with ttie mainland by a neck about 30 feet wide called the "Sandy P.ay." .Agninst this nf'ck heat the waters of Pow'^-itan creek, which came out of the m^in woods at right angles, but which, repulsed by the sandy barrier, found an easier access to the river by a long deviation to the east. This part of the creek was called Back river, but is called more frequently now the Thorjughfare. More than lOO years- ago. the ceareless action of^the water, making inroads on both sides, consumed the patsage-^va.^ i J the main, and thereupon Mr. John Am- l)ler, then owning the greater part of the Island, and residing on it at the place we are now holding our celebration, made a causeway, where the neck was sub- merged; and when this, in the course ot time, was overwhelmed. Col. Zach Durfey made a bridge from the main to the isl- and very near the causeway. (1.) As all but a few of the piles of this bridge have disappeared, no one contemplating for the first time the waste of inter- vening waters, perhaps a half mile in width, would suspect the course of na- ture: but. deep cut on th-^ other side, where the Pasbeheagh Indians had an ancient town, and whero, in 1621, 24 a^res were laid for a glass house, the first in America, is still to be seen the old road by which the teeming life of the little capital was connected witli the world at large. The island itself, a fact which has not l)een generally noticed, was divided into two natural parts by a swamp stretching from Back river to the James, and U was at the eastern side that the .^ettU rs disembarked. The land of ihis portion was furrowed with ridges and swamps, running north and south for the most j part, and flanked on the south by a j ridge along the river side named "Goose Hill." The extreme eastern point was called Black Point. The entensive labors of Mr. Barney, the present proprietor of the island, has in the last year or two filled up the most of these swamps once so injurious to health, and none would suspect in the beautiful and level fields- the e.Kistence of any ridges whatever. Jamestown Island now Is as healthy as any portion of Virginia. This eastern ^portion of the plantation was called "James Island"; the part on the wpst sid ^ of the dividing swamp standing liigh .and firm, the "Main Island," and beyond the neck of the Sandy Bay stretched the mainland— "the main," as it was called. The first houses of the settlers, who numbered about 104, were little caliins thatched with reeds and grass, or liole.s in the ground, the whole enclosed by a palisade of lushes and a triangular fort. The church was first an old sail hung to the great trees {hat tnen dpnsely cov- ered the landscape. ""he pulpit was a bar of wood nailed to two neighboring trees, and the audience sat upon unhewn logs during service. Set down in the I rank woods and marshes, sur-oorted \ v the scantiest and meanest of suppli-^s, j prevented from attending to the •-rf^-sing need of be'ter lodging or of prnviding 1 proper crops for their sustenanco. con- Qned by order of (he London Comp.my RAY 3 0U (2) and their own coninianders to g-athi-i-in:4 ship-loads of masts, cedar, blaclv walnut, clapboard, and gold ore, the poor settlers, among; whom weVe many heroic souls, died like sheep till only forty remained. In -January, HiOS, airivel "the fiist snp- pl.s'," consi.sting of 120 men, worse provided ill every way than the first comers. A lire breaking: out on the 7th of January, IGOS, immediately afterwards, destroyed the ora^y shant.cs so far er-ected together with ilie library of cne 'gentle minister, Rev. Robert Hunt, who never complained. A log church was thereupon erected and some few poor houses of a similar char- acter. As spring came en four acres of trees were cut down and the ground prepared for corn, hunger, sickness, and assaults from the Indians preventing anyiliiiig fur- tlier being dene. Then came the "second supply," con- sisting of sixty emigrants, principally men of gentle birth, and some ■'ew Poles, sent over to make pitch, tar, potasn, and glass. This crowd were also so meanly provided by the company that, witii the exception of a few who remained guai'd on James Island, they were dispersed abroad at various places to live on cys- ters or by begging from the Indians. Then follo\\ed the "third supply," con- sisting of TOO persons, wlio, coming uilli- out a commander— Sir Thomas Gates, Sir Thorras Dale, and Sir G?orge Scmers being wrecked on the Bermuda ifeland.s— proved of a very unruly disposition. Quar- tered on the island, without any provis- ions except a little rotten beer and moul- dy bread, they fell like locusts upon the small acreage of corn which had been planted, and in three days, at the most, devoured the whole. When on the 20th of ]\Iay, 1610, Sir Thomas Gates arrivfd from the Bermudas with 250 men, there were found of 800 persons hitherto im- ported, but 60 alive! Starvation and dis- ease had done the business for the -est. A final abandonment of the colony was contemplated and the ships with all on board had dropped down the river some distance when the timely arrival of Lord Delaware fixed the settlement again rn James Island. (2.) Lord Delaware mounf^d two >'r three canon at the fort, erected ;everal new log houses and built a block house and a new- church, which Strachey, his secretary, deseiibes as 60 by 24. (3.) It was in this church, it may be pr>.sumed, that Poca- hontas v.'as married to John Rolfe in 1614. But all the structures were at this time so frail that Sir Thomas Dale, hi May. 1611, is credited with repp-iring the "fall- ing church" and storehouse, and digging a new well to amend the bad water of the old. He also built a powder-house, munition-house and bridge, the first in the country. Durirg most of tliis time the war with the Indians continued u.r- interruptedly. When Cant. Samuel Argall arrived, as governor, in 1617, he found, as he report- ed, things down again, and not above five or s;;t houses at Jamestown tit to be inhabitated. This was the period of martial law es- tablished by the Treasurer of the Com- pany, Sir Thomas Smith, when the colo- nists were neld as servants under a gall- ing tyranny enforced by heartless gov- ernors and were not allowed the rights of property. At the close of twelve years from the first settlement there were only ten or twelve houses in Jamestown of thf. saddest make— the only redeeming feature being a new church of timber, 50 by 20 feet, "built wholly at the charge of the inhabitants." Beyond the Sandy Bay, in the Pasbe- heagh country, there were some few sliglit houses, and elsewhere, as at Dale's boast- ed City of Henrico. On Farrar's Island there were some decayed buildings, partly framed and partly brick. (4.) The adm'nistration of the Earl of Southampton, which succeeded Sir Thom- as Smith's, produced a marvellous change. j The Company in London became the nur- sery of English liberty. Liberty of prop- erty, of labor, and of person was extend- ed in the most ample manner to the colonists, and in the church on JaniL.j Island, there met July 30, 1619, the first representative body on the continent of America. Twelve years of tyranny and enforced starvation had planted but 400 persons in a total of 10,000 imported. (5.) Five years of liberty and enlightened government under the great Earl and his friends, the Sandyses and Farrars in i England, and Sir George Yardly in Vir- ginia, settled there, despite lae Indian massacre, 1252 persons. The log houses that were every year or two tumbling down were substituted in this time by others which, though principally of fram- ed structure, surpassed the best in many towns of England. Not a few of these houses were "both ornamental and use- ful and fit to give entertainment to men of good quality." In 1624 tliere were in Jamestown forty or fifty houses instead of ten or twelve, as in 1619, and "the houses were forty times superior in character." (6.) The greater part of population was now collected at "New Town" on the main island — a much more healthful location than the eastern part. Of the appearance of the place at this time the following description, derived mainly for the manufacture of beads use- ful in the Indian trade. Not long before, the sweet singer, George Sandys, had written of the Italians employed in this factory in good, strong prose— "a more damned oew hell never vomited." To promote their return to England, Vincen- zio, the foreman, broke the furnace with his crowbar. (7.) Some of the products of this first Amer- ican factory may be probably seen in tlie blue beads and queer bits of old glass still picked up at low tide in the neighbor- hood of this place. The highway passed from the glass factory across the Sandy Bay near the old powder magazine erect- ed at a later period, then on by the river shore till it reached "New Town" where it divided— one branch running along the river shore towards "Goose Hill," and the other entering into Back street, 148 feet distant from the River street. In "New Town" the first lot known to us was that of Captain Richard Stephens, onf of the council, who killed George Harri- son in a duel, and whose widow after- (3) wards married Governor Harvey, just as hU) son's widow% Frances Culpeper— 1 mean Samuel Stephens' widow— married Sir William Berkeley. He occupied a lot facing on the river; and behind him was John Chew, a notable merchant and bur- gess, ancestor of a prominent family in Virginia and Maryland, whose lot faced north on the Back street. Next to Ste- phens was the lot stretching from street to street, of Capt. Ralph Hamor, another of the council, who wrote an interesting ac- count of Virginia. His neighbor was George Menifie, a rising member of the council, who took part in the arrest ot Sir John Harvey in 1635. And next to George Menifle, was Harvey himself— not yet governor. Fronting on the Back street in the rear of Harvey was the residence of Dr. John Pott, the surgeon of the colony— his lot running back to a swamp on Back river, called Doctor's swamp. East of New Town was the park through which a highway— doubtless a continuation of Back street— ran till it passed between Sir George Yardley's lot, and the lots of Capt. Roger Smith and Capt. Willism Pierce, two noted colonist.^. Then it passed over the bridge of the dividing swrmp into James Island, and through the island down to Black Point, passing, n is supposed, near the early church and the block house erected by Sir Thomas Gates and the "new block house." In this ancient quarter were the lots of John Liightfoot, yeomjan and ancient planter (who came with Sir Thomas Gate? in 1610, and of whom the story is told that he had a dancing match with the Devil at a place up the river called "Dancing Point" for the conversion of a piece of marsh into dry land): William Spencer. Yeoman and burgess for Mulberry Island in 1632; Thomas Pasmore, carpenter; John Johnson, yeoman and ancient planter; John Southern, gentleman, burgess from James City in 1632; Gabriel Holland, bur- gess in 1623. and Rev. Richard Buck— who each had lots or 12 or more acres on ridges liounded by swamps. The venerable minister, who had vouch- safed God's blessing on the first Ameri- can Assembly, had on his lot "a dwell- ing hou.se and another little house," and his lot was sepaiated from John South- ern in James Is/and by a swamp called "Tucker's Hole." At the further end of James Island, near the block house, Richard Tree, car- penter and burgess for Hog Island in 1627 and '29, Edward Grendon, gent, and Thomas Sully, of "Neck of Land," yeo- man and ancient planter, and others, had lots of five or six acres, some of them with houses upon them. This portion of James Island was patenetd as abandoned about 1652 by Edward Travis, whose de- scendants long dwelt there and are bur- ied ill a grove containing, perhaps, the grave yard attached to the old wooden churches of the early settlers. The earliest monument there is thai of Edward Travis, the son of the patentee, daterl 170O, but the absence of earlier tombstones affords no evidence against the antiquity of the place. According to the census in 1624, the pop- ulation of James Island was 39, includ- ing one negro; of James City, or "New Town," 182, including three negroes; of the glass house, 5; of the main be>ond, b8; of the Neck of Land, between Pow- lutan '"reek and Back river, 25; Ar- cher's Hope, adjoining, 14; Hog Island, 31, and the plantation opposite Jame3 City, 77, inch ding one negro. The total population of the colony, as observed be- fore, was 12.52. (8.) So far in the history of the coloi.y only wooden houses with brick chimneys, or the first story brick, had been erected. But the extensive emigraiion produced by the civil dissensions in England brought many improvements. A law w.is passed in 1G36 which offered the premium of a house spot and garden lot to all who would build in Jamestown Island. In 1636 John Harvey wrote as follows: "An act was passed last year for a por- tion of land for a house and garden to be allotted to every person who would build upon it. Twelve houses and stores since built in the town, one of brick, by the Secretary (Richard Kempe), the fair- est ever known in this country for sub- stance and uniformity; otners have un- dertaken to build frame houses to beau- tify the place, consonant to the King's instructions not to suffer slight cottages to be built as heretofore — have largely contributed to the building of a brick church. A levy is raised for building a State House at James City." (9.) A grant made to John White in 1644 lo- cates the new brick church on main island to the west of his lot which fronted the river bank, adjoined the lot of the Slate House, and was bounded north by the lot of the minister. Rev. Thomas Hamp- ton. The State House, as appears by i pat- ent in 1667, consisted of three brick build- ings connected, whicli were each 40 by 20 feet, and were distant from the river high-water mark 67 feet. Berkely grant- ed the west building of the State House to Thomas Ludwell and Thomas Stegge, but as this building is mentioned as "burned and ruined" (10.) in 1671, it is very probable that fire caused the abandon- ment of all three buildings. This fire must have occurred some years bf ore Ififi;?, since the House of Burgesse.-^ com- plained of having been compelled to meet for some time in an ale-house, and em- powered the Governor to press men : nd material to build a new State Housp which was effected some time after. The Virginia planters did not like town life and preferred to build their houses on the rivers and creeks at considerable- distances from one another, and even in 1662, when the population had swollen to over 80.000, an act was found necessary for the encouragement of Jamestown. The Legislature provided that .S2 brick houses should be built. 40 by 20 feet, with walls 18 feet high and the roof having a 15-foot pitch, (11.) which doubtless meant 2 stories and a half. As these buildings were really t ever needed, some of them were never finished, and some so badly put up as to fall down, and by entail- ing much expense, served as one of the causes of Bacon's Rebellion. We have a description of the town at this time, 1676, and are told that it con- (4) tained, besides the brick chui-ch and the State House, 12 brick buildings and a considerable number of framed buildings. (12.). Not all the brick houses were inhabited; and those that were, were used as or- dinaries for the -itertainment of visit- ors at the meetings of the courts and assemblies. The house of William Drum- mond was immediately east of the church, making it an easy matter for Bacon wihen he landed in the night at Sandy Bay, at the time of his return from his Indian war, to communicate with him. During the war which ensued between Bacon and Berkeley, Jamestown was de- stroyed by the former as a military ne- cessity. Richard Lawrence, whose wife kept an ordinary to which people of "the best quality" resorted, set example by firing his house with his own hand. Bacon fired the church. Drummond also fired his house, but he deserves per- petual thanks for saving from the flames the public records, by w'hich we are en- abled to know as much as we do of the place. After Bacon's Rebellion the State House was rebuilt, but a fire accidently occurred in October, 1699, and it was again re- duced to ruins, (13.). Then the new city of Williamsburg was laid out, and a State building, the finest on the continent at that time, was erect- ed, and given the magnificent title of the Capitol. This succumbed to the inevitable fiery enemy in 1746, and thereupon a fourth State House arose in 1751, made of brick burnt near Williamsburg. (14.). In fact, I have never seen any evidence in our records to support the theory that any of the colonial houses were made of brick imported from England, as is so often said. The brick of which the Jamestown church of 1638 was constructed was un- doubtedly home manufacture taken from the clay of James Island, where Alex- ander Stomar, brickmaker, patented an acre of land, near the brick-kiln there mentioned. The Capitol Ijuilding erected in 1751, after standing in Williamsburg for eighty- one years, was burnt down in 1S32. It was the building in which Patrick Henry ut- tered his immortal defiance against George III. Fortunately, in each of the.se conflagra- tions the public records were isaveci. Some were at last burned up in Richmond in 1865, but the land records, perhaps the most important of all that Drummond saved, are still to be seen in the base- ment of the Capitol in Richmond. But an experience like the past in tlie matter of fires ought to teach our public authori- ties how negligent it is — nay, how crimi- nal it is— to permit these Invaluable re- cords to lie where they are, when the new Library Building, as the act states in its preamble, was created for the ex- press purpose of making it a depository for the records in the Capitol, which is subject every day to the powers of the mighty destroyer. The Capitol in Rich- mond has already stood longer than its fated time. It has been a controverted point wheth- er tlie church at Jamestown was ever rebuilt after Bacon's Rebellion. Beverley, who says that Jamestown was "almost ' deserted" by the removal of the gov- ' ernment to Williamsburg, speaks of the I burning of the State House in 169S, taut I does not mention the church. The Rev. i Hugh Jones was minister for some time '■ of the church in James City parish, but I in his "Present State of Virginia" pub- I lished in 1724, he says that "Jamestown I consisted of an abundance of brick ruh- ! bish and three or four good inhabited i houses, though the parish is ot proi'v large extent, but less than others." He ! mentions no church at Jamestown. ' Now, it is well known, chat before the 1 Revolution there was a church on the ! main three miles from Jamestown at ' which Bishop Madison preached. Some I have thought that references to "the j church in James City" meant this I church. Nor does the alms, basin pre- I served at the seminary, the gift of Sir I Edmond Andros, nor the baptismal font 1 in the (jjossession of the Monumental 1 church, the gift of Martha Jaqueline, I the wife of Edward Jaqueline, and of Ecl- j ward, their son— the first dated 1694, and ; the second 1733— relieve the doubt, for the i inscription upon both might apply to a ! church at Jamestown, which place was i often called "James City," or to a church I in James City larish. But the positive ' evidence in favor of the church's exist- ; ence is too strong to admit of doubt. j The church at Jamestown must have 1 been repaired after the fire in 1676, not I only because the place continued for I nearly twenty-four years later the seat ot the government of the colony, and of tie county and parish of James City, and not only because in the grave-yard Is the tomb of John Gough, which describes- him as "minister of this place" in ys'rii, but because there are three witnesses who tiestify directl.v to !its existence r^ome years after this time. The first is the Rv. John Warden, who when asked by the Bishop of London what churct|.'s he had preached at in Virginia, replied that in 1712, he preached for six months at the church in Jamestown. Similar inquiry of the Rev. Peter Fontaine evok- ed the answer that he had preached at Jamestown in 1716; and the Rev. William Le Neve, minister of James city parish, valued his living at Jamestown at t>'0. as he says in his report to the same partv. (15.). There can be no doubt, then, that the church at Jamestown was repaired after the fire in 1676, but this may still leave the old steeple that is standing, the re- lict of the first brick church in Virginia, the einirch of 1688, the legitimate succes- sor of he old sail first put up as an awn- ing. As loth as I am to dspute the claims ot the Smithfield church, I am tno well ac- quainted with the backwardness of ar- chitecture in the colony to believe, with- out the most positive evidence, that an outlying settlement, barely a few years old, surrounded by Indians, could vie w.cn the Capitol in producing a brick struc- ture. That church is attributed to one Joseph Bridger, the father of General Joseph Bridger, of Isle of Wight. But no such men appears in the land records or in the records of Norfolk county, ad- joining, or, in fact, in any of the contem- (5) porary records of Virginia. Gen. Joseph Bridger was born in 1631, and the pre- sumption is that his father survived him for some time, and yet iiis name linds no rijord— a fact entirely ii-reconcilable with his supposed importance. The mere im- liression of the ngures 1632 on a bricli, without further words, is not sutticient to constitute direct evidence as to the founuing of the sructure in which it en- ters. (16.). The Jamestown church had tallen into ruins before the Revolution, and Thach- cr leports (11.) but two houses standing lU 1.81 on the banlvs of the river. John Ty- ler, who was present at the celebration ni J807, when Bishop Madison, as President of this College, was the leading figure, wrote of the bi-oken steepie as all that existed then of the building dedicated to God. (IS.) Before this time, according tj Bishop Meade, Joh i .vmoler and th? H'^norable ^\"illiam l^ee, of Green Spring, who together owned most of the islana, had made out of the mouldering walls of the church and the old church-yard, the prest^iit .circumscribed enclosure aOiOut ib.e tombstones thai remained. The aiea taken in was not over one-third of the old tiiurc'h yard. In 1822, a second celebration, called a "Jubilee," was held, amid the relics of the ancient settlement, the orators as on the former occasion being students of William and Mary, (19.). In 1848, Benson J. Lossing visited the l)lace. John Coke, brother of Richard C'oke, member of Congress, then ownea the island, and Dr. 'i^ossing made a sketch of Sandy Bay from the opposite .shore, then 400 yards distant from the Island. It is much more now. The view presents the piles of the bridge des- cribed as erected at the old crossing, but which had been carried away by a tre- niendous gale and high tide some time bo- fore, submerging nearly the whole is- land, for three days' keeping Mr. Coke and his family, who resided there, close prisoners, and causing them to use thn orniamental trees piear the house for fuel in ht( absence of other material, (wO. ). In October, 1856, Bishop Meade visited the place, the only access thereto being by boats across Back river. During this visit, the Bishop, who was accompanied by Dr. Silas Totten, Rev. George H. VVil- mer and others, accurately measured the foundation of the church and found It exactly i>6 by 28 feet. The tower was con- jectured to be 30 feet "high, and by ac- tual measurement proved to be 18 feet square. (21.) In Philip Ludwell, of Green Spring, had estimated the washing of the shore above Jamestown for three miles to amount to 100 acres in 30 years, (22.). Bishop Meade noticed that the destruc- tive work of Powhatan creek, aided bv the river, had been muo*h more rapid at the western end of the Island than at the l)0int nearest the church. The patent of Sj rah Drummond, wife of the patriot William Drummond, in 16C2, calling for 1-2 acre of land on the river, and placing the c"u rchyard on the west, shows that the church must have always stood near tlic water's edge. The d:!n;'ir comes most threateningly from above where the old .lamest own fort now under water, and the powder n-agazhie lay, an>i Should be con- sidered, as it no doubt will be, in set- I ting up the water guard. I After Bishop .\leade's visit, the cause- I way from Seen of Land was built by ! ;.iajor \\ dliam Allen, the then proprietor. .' In 1867 a celebration attended by 8,ii00 peo- i pie was held at Jamestown under the ■ auspices of the old Jamestown Society, ! at which John Tyler was the o;ator and i James Barron Hope was the i.oet. The j Governor, Henry A. Wise, was present 1 and delivered an eloquent address, (23.) ' During the war of 18is Wyat, John Utie, R. Richard Bennett, William Claibor.ne, Nathaniel Bacon, Jr., and Col. Francis Morgan. Pocahontas will chase imagination into fairy tales as long as yonder steeple stands; and down the centuries will come in ripjiling verses, like music of the waters by the church-yard, the songs of George Sandys, whom Dryden pronounced the best versifier of his age, and who resided hero in the infancy of the .settlement. Our college is favored above all others in being situated in this most historic portion of the State. It is impossible that the stiulcnt can live in the pitsence f.f these and similar as.-;o^'iatioiis ^>liho'it being inspired by them. Well did John Gcode ask in Congre ss— "Whi-re else upon this continent will you find 'Ueh a^socia- liun.s to quicken the pulse and Inspire the heart of the young with :11 Uiose elevating princivdes and lofty dc sires which make ambition virtue?" The life of each man is like a block ot n.arble. waiting for the monumental in- (K) gcription, and it is the irspiratioii born of suth localities as these that maj- cut the letters deep. Come when t'he inspira- tion may, be like the sculptor hoy in the verses, r^ady for action: "Chisel in hand, stood a sculptor boy, With a marble block before him, And his face lit up with a smile of joy. As an angel dieam passed o'er him. He carved that dream in the shapeless i stone, With many a sharp incision. With Heaven's own light the sculpture shone — He had caught that angel vision." "Children of life are we as we stand. With our lives uncarved before us, Waitir.g the hour when at God's commana Our life-dream passes o'er us. If we carve it then in shapeless stone. With many a sharp incision. Its Heavenly beauty will be our own, Our lives, that angel vision." NOTES. 1. Meade's Old Churches. 2. "A brief declaration of the planta- tion, &c.'' 3. William Strachey's History of Tra- j vaile in Virginia Brittania. J. "A Brief Declaration of the Planta- I tion, &c." 5. Stith, citing original documents. 6. Ibid. 7. Neill's Virginia Vetusta. 8. Hotten's Immigrants. 9. Calendar of Colonial State Papers. 10. Conway Robinson's Notes from Kec- ords in the Old General Court Office. 11. Hening's Statutes, Vol. 2 \t. Report of the Royal Commissioners — Sainsbury Mss., Anne Cotton says l(j or 18 brick buildings, and she omits men- tin of any framed houses which must h.ive been, as the commissioners sairi "considerable" in number. 13. Beverley's History of Virginia; Campbell. 14. John Blair's Diary, Mss. 15. Perry's Historical Collections— Vir- ginia. 16. See R. S. Thomas's Narrative re- garding Smithfleld Church, in Vol. II., Virginia Historical Society Collections. 17. Thacher's Military Journal. 18. Sprague's Annals of the American church, Vol. V, containing sketch of Bishop Madison. 19. At the celebration in 1807, orations were made by Briscoe G. Baldwin, after- wards a judge, and John Madison, and odes by C. K. Blanchard and Leroy An- derson—all students. At the celebration in 1822 the orators were also students. William Barton Rog- ers, Robert Saunders, and Mr. McCree- ry, the first two of whom were after- wards dls*inguisihed professors in the Col- lege. (See Richmond Enquirei of those days, and x^ichmond Dispatch of May 12, 1895, which contains an excellent ac- count.) 20. Field Book of the Revolution, by Benson J. Lossing. 21. Meade's Old Churches, &c. 22. Ludw ell Mss., in Virginia Historical Society Dibra.ry. 23. Southern Literary Messenger. The first pictorial representation of the James- town tower appeared in a magazine issued at Richmond in 1805, by Lopis H. Girar- din, sometime Professor of Modern Lan- guages, History and Geography in Wil- liam and Mary College, later a teacher in a Female Seminary in Richmond, and who wrote also the continuation of Burk's History of Virginia. This magazine, alike pretentious in title and form, died with its first numbers. It was in quarto, with six fine plates ool^red among them the Jamestown tower. The engravings were by Frederick Bosler, and the title of the publication was "Amenitates Graphicae," with other descriptive words. K. A. Brock has a copy of this rare work. LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 014 444 008 QM