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 Bureau of Mines Information Circular/1981 
 
 State Regulations Pertaining 
 
 to the Use of Internal Combustion 
 
 Engines Underground 
 
 By Robert W. Waytulonis 
 
 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
 
Information Circular 8845 
 
 State Regulations Pertaining 
 
 to the Use of Internal Combustion 
 
 Engines Underground 
 
 By Robert W. Waytulonis 
 
 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
 James G. Watt, Secretary 
 BUREAU OF MINES 
 
fi 
 
 As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior 
 has responsibility fw most of our nationally owned public lands and natural 
 resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water re- 
 sources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and 
 cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for 
 the enjoyment of life through outdoOT recreation. The Department assesses 
 our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is 
 in the best interests of all our people. The Department also has a major re- 
 sponsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who 
 live in Island Territories under U.S. administration. 
 
 Hi 
 
 jOC- 
 
 S'^^s:mi 
 
 This publication has been cataloged as follows: 
 
 Waytulonis, Robert W 
 
 State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combustion 
 engines underground. 
 
 (Information circular ; 8845) 
 Supt. of Docs, no.: I 28.23:8845. 
 
 1. Mine safety— United States. 2. Internal combustion engines— Safe- 
 ty measures. I. Title. II. Series: Information circular (United States. 
 Bureau of Mines) ; 8845. 
 
 TN295.U4 622s [363.1 '89] 
 
 81-607000 AACR2 
 
 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 
 Washington, D.C. 20402 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Page 
 
 Abstract 1 
 
 Introduction 1 
 
 Acknowledgments 2 
 
 State regulations 2 
 
 Alabama 4 
 
 Alaska 5 
 
 Arizona 6 
 
 Arkansas 10 
 
 California 12 
 
 Colorado 20 
 
 Connecticut 24 
 
 Delaware 24 
 
 Florida 24 
 
 Georgia 25 
 
 Hawaii 25 
 
 Idaho 25 
 
 Illinois 26 
 
 Indiana 26 
 
 Iowa 27 
 
 Kansas 27 
 
 Kentucky 27 
 
 Louisiana 37 
 
 Maine 37 
 
 Maryland 37 
 
 Massachusetts 37 
 
 Michigan 40 
 
 Minnesota 40 
 
 Mississippi 40 
 
 Missouri 40 
 
 Montana 41 
 
 Nebraska 42 
 
 Nevada 43 
 
 New Hampshire 45 
 
 New Jersey 45 
 
 New Mexico 46 
 
 New York 48 
 
 North Carolina 49 
 
 North Dakota 49 
 
 Ohio 49 
 
 Oklahoma 51 
 
 Oregon 52 
 
 Pennsylvania 54 
 
 Rhode Island 55 
 
 South Carolina 55 
 
 South Dakota 56 
 
 Tennessee 56 
 
 Texas 57 
 
 Utah 58 
 
ii 
 
 CONTENTS— Continued 
 
 Page 
 
 Vermont 59 
 
 Virginia 59 
 
 Washington 70 
 
 West Virginia 71 
 
 Wisconsin 73 
 
 Wyoming 74 
 
 Concluding statement 75 
 
 TABLES 
 
 1 . States that have adopted Federal mining regulations 2 
 
 2. Diesel engines In underground coal mines, by State 3 
 
 3. Diesel engines In underground metal and nonmetal mines, by State.... 3 
 
 4. Metal and nonmetal mine exhaust and ventilation requirements, 
 
 by State 4 
 
STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO THE USE OF INTERNAL 
 COMBUSTION ENGINES UNDERGROUND 
 
 by 
 
 Robert W. Waytulonisl 
 
 ABSTRACT 
 
 The mining regulations of all 50 States were reviewed by the Bureau of 
 Mines, and those parts pertaining to the use of internal combustion (IC) 
 engines (particularly diesel engines) in underground mines or confined spaces 
 were extracted. Also extracted were subjects associated with the use of IC 
 engines; for example, storage and handling of flammable liquids, maintenance, 
 and ventilation requirements. As the laws now stand, 29 States have specific 
 regulations that affect the operation of diesel engines in underground coal 
 and/or metal and nonmetal mines. The other States have no regulations because 
 either they have no mining activities or they defer to Federal regulations. 
 Six states have regulations expressly prohibiting the use of diesels in under- 
 ground coal mines. Specific contacts (addresses and phone numbers) precede 
 each State's regulations to facilitate inquiries about regulation revisions 
 and interpretation. 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 In 1938^ and in 1957^, the Bureau of Mines surveyed State regulations 
 pertaining to the use of internal combustion engines (particularly diesel 
 engines) underground. Since the most recent study, the 1977 Federal Mine 
 Safety and Health Act has been implemented, the Mine Safety and Health Admin- 
 istration (MSHA) has emerged as a Federal enforcement agency, and many States 
 have made changes to their regulations. Additionally, increases in mine mech- 
 anization, in the form of diesel-powered equipment, are taking place as a 
 result of the Nation's commitment to increase coal production and sustain 
 other mineral supplies. For these reasons the Bureau has resurveyed State 
 regulations to provide updated technical information for today's mining 
 community. 
 
 Mechanical engineer. Twin Cities Research Center, Bureau of Mines, Twin 
 
 Cities, Minn. 
 ^Ilsley, L. C, and E. J. Gleim. State Regulations Pertaining to the Use of 
 
 Internal-Combustion Engines in Coal and Metal Mines and in Tunnels. 
 
 BuMines IC 7019, 1938, 8 pp. 
 ^oltz, J. C, and E. J. Gleim. State Regulations Pertaining to the Use of 
 
 Internal-Combustion Engines Underground. BuMines IC 7789, 1957, 24 pp. 
 
This report is a description of regulations as they were available in 
 July 1980. It is strongly suggested that the agencies listed before each 
 State's regulations be contacted for possible revisions and interpretation if 
 absolute updated accuracy is required. For example, Pennsylvania's regula- 
 tions currently state: "Underground equipment powered by internal combustion 
 engines using petroleum products. . .shall not be used unless such equipment has 
 been approved by the Secretary for underground use in bituminous coal mines." 
 Table 2 shows Pennsylvania as a State not prohibiting diesels in coal mines, 
 but the State Mine Inspector's office is not currently approving their use. 
 Their use in rock tunnels as part of coal mines may be permitted. 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
 
 N. Paas and B. C. Dial of the Department of Engine and Vehicle Research, 
 Mining Technology Section, Southwest Research Institute, are gratefully 
 acknowledged for obtaining and providing copies of the 50 States' mining regu- 
 lations through service contract. 
 
 STATE REGULATIONS 
 
 Tables 1-4 summarize the State regulations on the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines underground, followed by extracts from the pertinent regulations 
 of each State. Regulations for coal mines appear first, followed by those for 
 metal and nonmetal mines. 
 
 TABLE 1. - States that have adopted Federal mining regulations 
 
 State 
 
 Coal 
 
 Metal and 
 nonmetal 
 
 State 
 
 Coal 
 
 Metal and 
 nonmetal 
 
 Alaska 
 
 Arizona. . . . 
 Arkansas . . . 
 Connecticut 
 Delaware. . . 
 Florida.... 
 Georgia. . . . 
 
 Hawaii 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Illinois... 
 Indiana. . . . 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Kentucky. . . 
 Louisiana. . 
 Maine. . . . . . 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Mississippi. . . . 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 New Hampshire. . 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 North Carolina, 
 Pennsylvania. . . 
 Rhode Island... 
 South Carolina. 
 South Dakota. . . 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Texas 
 
 Vermont 
 
TABLE 2. - Diesel engines In underground coal mines, by State 
 
 State 
 
 Prohibited 
 
 Regulated 
 by State 
 
 MSHA-approved 
 
 (permissible) 
 
 equipment required 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Montana 
 
 Nevada 
 
 New Mexico . . . . 
 
 New York 
 
 Oklahoma 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Pennsylvania. , 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Utah 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Washington. . . . 
 West Virginia, 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 TABLE 3. - Diesel engines in underground metal and nonmetal mines, by State 
 
 State 
 
 Regulated 
 by State 
 
 State 
 approval 
 or permit 
 required 
 
 State 
 
 Regulated 
 by State 
 
 State 
 approval 
 or permit 
 required 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Alaska «•..«•••• 
 
 X 
 X 
 X 
 X 
 X 
 X 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 X 
 X 
 X 
 X 
 X 
 
 Oklahoma 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Utah 
 
 X 
 X 
 X 
 X 
 X 
 X 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 Arizona. ....... 
 
 X 
 
 California 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Massachusetts. . 
 Nevada •«....... 
 
 Washington 
 
 West Virginia.. 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 X 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 
TABLE 4. - Metal and nonmetal mine exhaust and ventilation requirements, 
 
 by State 
 
 State 
 
 Exhaust 
 condi- 
 tioning 
 require- 
 ments 
 
 Ventila- 
 tion 
 
 require- 
 ments 
 
 State 
 
 Exhaust 
 condi- 
 tioning 
 require- 
 ments^ 
 
 Ventila- 
 tion 
 require- 
 ments 
 
 Alabama i 
 
 Alaska 
 
 Arizona 
 
 California. . . . 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 Nevada 
 
 ET 
 
 ET, T 
 D, T 
 ET 
 
 ET, T 
 ET 
 ET 
 
 100 
 
 150, MSHA 
 
 100 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 150 NA 
 
 200 TC 
 
 New Mexico. . . . 
 
 Oklahoma 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Pennsylvania. . 
 
 Utah 
 
 Washington. . . . 
 West Virginia. 
 Wyoming 
 
 T 
 
 ET 
 
 ET, T 
 ET 
 D, T 
 
 ET 
 X* 
 
 75 
 
 100 
 
 150 
 75 
 
 Key for exhaust conditioning requirements: 
 D — Dilution device required. 
 ET — Exhaust treatment required. 
 
 T — Maximum allowable exhaust gas temperature at discharge=180° F. 
 T* — Maximum allowable exhaust gas temperature at discharge=160° F for non- 
 gassy mines and 170° F for gassy mines. 
 ^Key for ventilation requirements: 
 75, 100, etc. — Minimum cfm per bhp. 
 
 MSHA — State will follow minimum requirements for MSHA certification. 
 NA — Naturally aspirated. 
 TC — Turbocharged. 
 
 ALABAMA 
 
 Contact ; Division of Safety and Inspection 
 
 Department of Industrial Relations 
 1816 8th Ave., North 
 Birmingham, Ala. 35021 
 205/251-1181 
 
 Coal Mines 
 
 Coal mining laws of the State of Alabama as amended 1975. 
 
 Hoisting and Haulage 
 
 Sec. 53. Prohibited Haulage Equipment 
 
 (a) Non-permissible internal combustion engines or other machinery which 
 gives off noxious fumes shall not be permitted underground in any 
 coal mine. 
 
Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal 
 combustion engines in underground metal and nonmetal mines. Phone contact 
 with the State Mine Inspector's Office indicated that a water-scrubber and 
 state approval are required. 
 
 ALASKA 
 
 Contact : Division of Mineral Resources and Energy 
 
 Anchorage, Alaska 
 907/276-5113 
 
 Coal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal 
 combustion engines in underground coal mines. Alaska has adopted Federal 
 underground coal mining regulations. 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 State of Alaska Mines Safety and Conservation Regulations, 1975. 
 
 II AAC 44.328 Transportation of Men 
 
 (f) Exhaust systems shall be installed and maintained in proper condition, 
 and shall be so designed as to eliminate the exposure of men to the 
 exhaust gases or fumes. 
 
 II AAC 44.398 Trackless Haulage Power 
 
 Every trackless haulage vehicle shall be provided with adequate rated 
 power to carry its load safely up any grade over which it is intended to 
 operate. 
 
 II AAC 44.840 Use of Diesel Engines Underground 
 
 The use of diesel equipment underground will be permitted providing the 
 following conditions are met: 
 
 (1) The diesel engine shall be equipped with an exhaust conditioner which 
 will treat the exhaust gas so that when it issues into the mine atmos- 
 phere the temperature of the exhaust gas will not exceed 180* F at any 
 time during a four hour shift. 
 
 (2) The conditioner shall be large enough to hold sufficient water at all 
 times. Water in the conditioner is to be completely drained and 
 replenished once each shift, and the conditioner must be checked, ser- 
 viced, and cleaned once each week or more often if necessary. 
 
(3) There shall be sufficient fresh air supplied so that there will be at 
 least 100 cu ft/min of free air for each brake horsepower, in addition 
 to the 100 cu ft/min of air required per person. 
 
 (4) Working areas in which diesels are used shall be examined frequently 
 and air samples taken to determine the mine atmosphere. 
 
 (5) Operation of diesel equipment shall immediately cease when concentra- 
 tions of any one of these toxic gases are found to exceed the following 
 amount s : 
 
 carbon monoxide 0.01 vol-pct (100 ppm) 
 
 carbon dioxide .5 vol-pct (5,000 ppm) 
 
 oxides of nitrogen .0025 vol-pct (25 ppm) 
 
 aldehydes .001 vol-pct (10 ppm) 
 
 (6) Diesel equipment shall not be operated during any time when ventilating 
 fans are shut down. 
 
 (7) At least once each week an inspection of the diesel engine exhaust con- 
 ditioner must be made and any necessary repairs made. 
 
 (8) Diesel engines shall not be operated when flammable gas (methane) is 
 found to exceed 1-1/4 vol-pct of air. 
 
 (9) Oil used as fuel for diesels underground shall have a flash point of 
 not less than 140** F, and the sulfur content shall not be greater than 
 1/2 of 1 pet by weight. Fuels with a heavy asphalt base shall not be 
 used. 
 
 (10) Only sufficient fuel oil for one shift shall be taken underground. 
 Suitable, strong, sealed metal containers shall be used for this pur- 
 pose and the empty containers removed immediately from underground 
 locations. 
 
 (11) The diesel engine fuel tank shall be filled by means of direct transfer 
 only. Where possible, any oil spilled shall be taken up at once and 
 deposited in a fireproof receptacle which shall be removed to an above 
 ground location daily. (Eff. 8/1/63. Reg. 12). 
 
 ARIZONA 
 
 Contact ; Arizona State Mine Inspector 
 
 705 West Wing — Capitol Building 
 
 Phoenix, Ariz. 85007 
 
 602/255-5971 
 
 Coal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal 
 combustion engines in underground coal mines. Arizona has adopted Federal 
 underground coal mining regulations. 
 
Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 Mining Code of the State of Arizona, 1976 Edition. 
 
 Art. 19, 1912 Mines 
 
 27-365: Regulation of Underground Use of Internal Combustion Engines. The 
 
 underground use of any internal combustion engine is declared unlaw- 
 I ful, unless after application filed with the inspector he approves 
 
 the equipment for safe use in the type of underground work for which 
 the application is filed and finds that the atmospheric conditions in 
 the underground workings where the equipment is to be used are such 
 that the operation of such equipment will not endanger the health or 
 safety of any employee. If the application is approved by the 
 inspector, the operation of the designated equipment shall be lawful 
 only if and so long as it is operated and maintained in accordance 
 with recommendations made public from time to time by the inspector, 
 and only upon the condition that when air quality becomes unsafe, 
 operation of the equipment shall be stopped by the operator until air 
 quality again becomes safe either by increasing ventilation or by 
 correcting mechanical imperfections in the equipment, whichever is 
 found to be the cause of the unsafe quality of the air. 
 
 Art. 3 Fire Prevention and Control 
 
 Rll-1-310: (4-46M) : Gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied petroleum gases and other 
 flammable liquids when not buried, shall not be stored within 100 ft 
 of the following: 
 
 1. Mine openings 
 
 2. Buildings or snowsheds connected to mine openings 
 
 3. Fan installations or housings 
 
 4. Hoist houses 
 
 Rll-1-318: (4-21M) : Internal combustion engines, except diesels above ground, 
 shall be shut off and stopped before being fueled. 
 
 Underground Only 
 
 Rl 1-1-321: Fuel stored underground will be in a return air split 
 
 provided with adequate fire fighting equipment. No oil line shall 
 be allowed to pass down the shaft. 
 
 Rll-l-322:(5-54M): Oil, grease or diesel fuel stored underground shall be 
 
 kept in suitable tightly sealed containers in fire resistant areas 
 at safe distances from explosives magazines, electrical installa- 
 tions and shaft stations. 
 
 Rll-l-323:(4227): A fire extinguisher of suitable type and size must be 
 carried at all times with each diesel-powered unit. 
 
Rl 1-1-324: The starting mechanism of the diesel engine shall be 
 
 powered by electricity, air or some other source considered safe. 
 The use of gasoline powered starters for underground diesel equip- 
 ment is specifically prohibited. 
 
 Rl 1-1-325: Underground refueling stations must be well-ventilated and 
 
 separate from any underground equipment repair areas. Diesel fuel 
 must be carried in tight containers. 
 
 Rl 1-1-326: Only a day's supply of diesel fuel will be allowed under- 
 
 ground at any time and this must be stored in tight containers in a 
 cool, well-ventilated place. The container will be set in a suffi- 
 cient amount of suitable absorbent material to absorb all of the 
 fuel being stored or shall be set in an area which is curbed or 
 otherwise blocked off so that the fuel cannot spread beyond the 
 storage area. 
 
 Rl 1-1-329 : (4-2M) : No smoking is permitted in or around diesel fuel storage 
 areas. No open lights are permitted in diesel storage or refueling 
 areas. There must be adequate fire fighting equipment at all 
 refueling stations and storage tanks for diesel fuel. 
 
 Rl 1-1-332: Fuel used in underground diesel equipment must conform to 
 
 the manufacturer's specifications for viscosity, pour point, cetane 
 number, carbon residue and water. The flash point must not be less 
 that 150" F and sulfur content must not be greater than 0.2 pet by 
 weight. 
 
 Art. 4 Air Quality, Ventilation, and Radiation 
 
 General 
 
 Rl 1-1-401: The discharge of any exhaust pipe for an internal combus- 
 
 tion engine used for fans, power plant or engine driven compressor 
 shall be located and so arranged that the exhaust fumes from this 
 engine cannot under any conditions get into the intake air of the 
 mine or the intake air of the compressor. 
 
 Underground Diesel Equipment 
 
 Rll-1-421: Pursuant to A.R.A., Paragraph 27-365, the underground use 
 
 of any internal combustion engine is unlawful unless the Inspector 
 has approved the equipment. In addition to the approval of the 
 Inspector for use of the equipment, the equipment shall conform in 
 all respects to the requirements of the rules set forth in this 
 article. 
 
 Rl 1-1-422: Underground diesel-powered equipment shall be equipped 
 
 with a stainless steel exhaust system including conditioner and sat- 
 isfactory diluting device, which will reduce toxic gases to a mini- 
 mum, before they are released into the mine atmosphere. (Except if 
 limestone and water are used, scrubbers may be carbon steel.) 
 
Rl 1-1-423: The conditioner must not increase the engine back pressure 
 above 18 inches of water or 1-1/2 inches of mercury when the diesel 
 equipment is developing its rated horsepower. The conditioner must 
 hold sufficient water for 4 hours of operation without replenishing 
 and at the end of 4 hours of operation, the exhaust temperature 
 again must not exceed 180" F. Water is to be completely drained and 
 replenished once each shift. The conditioner must be checked, 
 serviced, and cleaned once each week. Any other conditioner 
 approved by Arizona State Mine Inspector may be used. 
 
 Rll-1-424: At least once each week an inspection of the diesel engine 
 and the gas conditioner MUST be made and a written report of its 
 condition put on file for examination by the Mine Inspector or his 
 deputies. 
 
 Rl 1-1-425: When flexible tubing is used on exhaust from diesel motor 
 to the air conditioner, or scrubber, it must be the type that will 
 withstand back pressure and not leak. 
 
 Rl 1-1-426 The use of diesel powered equipment shall be restricted to 
 
 haulage way or other working places where positive ventilation is 
 maintained by mechanical means. If possible, the ventilation in 
 places where diesel equipment is used shall be arranged so that the 
 air carrying exhaust gases from the engine are (sic) returned to the 
 main air exhaust ways so as not to traverse working places. 
 
 Rl 1-1-427: Diesel engines must not be operated when the atmosphere 
 adjacent to its (sic) engine contains toxic gases above the toler- 
 ance set by the U.S. Bureau of Mines as listed below: 
 
 carbon dioxide 0.5 vol-pct 
 carbon monoxide .01 vol-pct 
 oxides of nitrogen .0005 vol-pct 
 oxygen must be at least 20 pet 
 
 Rl 1-1-428: When a diesel engine is used in underground mine opera- 
 tions, all dead-end headings shall be separately ventilated by aux- 
 iliary ventilation with a minimum air velocity of not less than 
 50 linear ft/min in the working face itself. The intake of the aux- 
 iliary exhaust system must be so located that air entering it will 
 not be contaminated by exhaust gases from the diesel engine when 
 operating between the intake and the face of the working area. When 
 any portion of the primary or auxiliary exhaust system is not func- 
 tioning, no diesel engine shall be allowed to operate in the area of 
 no ventilation. 
 
 Rl 1-1-429: If diesel equipment other than that approved by U.S. 
 
 Bureau of Mines is utilized, 150 cu ft/min per brake horsepower is 
 the required ventilated air for safe operation. 
 
10 
 
 Rll-1-430: A fire extinguisher of suitable type and size must be car- 
 ried at all times with each diesel-powered unit. In addition, fire 
 control systems shall be approved by the State Mine Inspector, for 
 automatic, remote, pneumatic, push button or lever control. 
 
 Rll-1-431 : (9-4) Suitable lights and audible warning devices shall be 
 
 installed and maintained in good working condition on all mobile 
 diesel equipment operated underground. 
 
 Rll-1-433: All diesel equipment must be checked for fuel leaks and 
 
 any leaks found must be noted and reported. 
 
 Rll-1-434: All connections and tubing from air cleaner to the 
 
 intake manifold must be closely checked for cracks, breaks, or loose 
 connections. The intake manifold must be secure and properly gas- 
 keted to cylinder heads, and be free of holes and cracks. 
 
 Art. 18 Gassy Mines 
 Equipment 
 
 Rll-1-1852: (21-75M) : Diesel-powered equipment shall not be taken into or 
 
 operated in places where flammable gas exceeds 1.0 pet at any point 
 not less than 12 inches from the back, face, and rib. 
 
 Rll-1-1854: (21-78M) : Only permissible equipment maintained in permissible 
 
 condition shall be used beyond the last open crosscut or in places 
 where dangerous quantities of flammable gases are present or may 
 enter the air current. 
 
 ARKANSAS 
 
 Contact ; Arkansas Department of Labor 
 
 Mine Inspection Division 
 
 247 Central Mall 
 
 Fort Smith, Ark. 72903 
 
 501/783-2103 
 
 Coal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground coal mines. Arkansas has adopted Federal under- 
 ground coal mining regulations. 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 Arkansas Department of Labor, Safety Code No. 7 
 
 Relating to underground mining operations except coal mines. 
 
11 
 
 7-13. COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS— STORAGE, TRANSPORTATION AND SUPPLY 
 
 7-13.1. Flammable Liquid 
 
 The term flammable liquid shall mean any oil or liquid that will 
 generate a flammable vapor at a temperature below 100° F when tested in 
 a Tagliabue open cup tester. 
 
 7-13.2. Storage of Flammable Liquid Fuel 
 
 All flammable liquids that are commonly used as fuel for the gener- 
 ation of light, heat or power when stored above the ground surface shall 
 be stored at least 100 ft from any opening to the underground or any 
 building directly connected with such opening and at least 300 ft from 
 any explosives magazine. Such liquids when stored in buried tanks shall 
 be placed at least 50 ft from any opening to the underground or any 
 building directly connected with such opening and at least 300 ft from 
 any explosives magazine. 
 
 7-13.3. Storage of Lubricating and Other Combustible Oils 
 
 Lubricating or other combustible oils shall be stored at least 
 50 ft from any opening to underground or from any building directly 
 connected with such opening and at least 300 ft from any explosives 
 magazine. 
 
 7-13.4. Barriers 
 
 All places used for the storage of flammable liquid fuel or lubri- 
 cating or other combustible oils shall be so situated or so provided 
 with barriers having enough capacity to hold the entire contents of 
 liquid and prevent it from flowing to within 100 ft of any mine opening 
 or 300 ft of any explosives magazine. 
 
 7-13.5. Tank Vents 
 
 Tanks buried underground in which flammable liquids or lubricating 
 oils are stored shall be properly vented. 
 
 7-13.6. Storage Buildings 
 
 Buildings used for the storage of flammable liquids shall be used 
 for no other purpose, and shall be clearly marked by signs identifying 
 their contents. Such buildings shall be of fire-resistive 
 construction. 
 
 7-13.7. Flammable Liquids Underground 
 
 Flammable Liquids Underground shall not be stored underground in 
 any mine, provided, however, that such flammable liquid, not exceeding 
 one day's supply for each power unit, may be kept in a tank attached to 
 the unit. 
 
12 
 
 7-13.8. Lubricating or Other Combustible Oils Underground 
 
 Lubricating or other combustible oils, shall at no time exceed a 
 6 days' supply underground except as may otherwise be permitted by the 
 Commissioner. Such oils when stored underground, shall be stored in a 
 fire-resistive structure. 
 
 7-13.9. Transportation 
 
 In the transportation of flammable liquids, no person shall be 
 permitted to ride on the skip or other conveyances with such liquids, 
 except the person transporting same. 
 
 7-17. HAULAGE AND HANDLING EQUIPMENT 
 
 MUCK TRAINS 
 
 7-17.13. Internal Combustion Engines 
 
 The use of internal combustion engines for underground haulage 
 shall be subject to approval by the Commissioner. 
 
 CALIFORNIA 
 
 Contact : State Mine Inspector 
 
 State of California 
 
 Department of Industrial Relations 
 
 Division of Industrial Safety 
 
 1390 Market St., Room 710 
 
 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 
 
 415/557-2405 
 
 Coal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal 
 combustion engines in underground coal mines. 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 State of California, California Administrative Code, 
 
 Title 8, Industrial Relations, Chapter 4. Division of Industrial Safety 
 
 (Safety Orders), Subchapter 17. Mine Safety Orders. 
 
 (Register 72, No. 20—5-13-72) 
 
 Note ; The Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety and Health Regulations 
 
 have been included with the Mine Safety Orders. The numbers indicated 
 within the parentheses, such as (3-5), refer to the Standard found in 
 the Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety and Health Regulations. 
 The Mine Safety Order number precedes the Federal number; for example, 
 6965. (3-5). Some State Safety Orders have no Federal reference num- 
 ber but all Federal Mandatory Standards are covered by State Safety 
 
13 
 
 Orders. This arrangement will help the mine operators and their 
 employees in complying with both the Federal and State Mine Safety 
 Orders. 
 
 The Federal Mandatory Regulation "Part" numbers are not included in the 
 Section numbers, but are listed here for your information: 
 
 Part 55 — Open Pit Mining Operations 
 
 Part 56 — Sand, Gravel, and Crushed Stone Operations 
 
 Part 57 — Underground Mining Operations 
 
 The Mine Safety Orders are identified by headings such as — 
 
 "General" — Applies to both surface and underground mining operations. 
 "Surface" — Applies to surface mining operations only. 
 "Underground" — Applies to underground and surface facilities of 
 underground mining operations. 
 
 Art. 22 FIRE PREVENTION AND CONTROL 
 
 General 
 
 7055. Fire Prevention and Control 
 
 (i) (4-21) Equipment powered by internal combustion engines (except diesel 
 engines) where the fuel tank is an integral part of the equipment, shall be 
 shut off and stopped before being fueled. 
 
 Underground 
 
 7065. (4-54) Fuels, Lubricants, and Rope Dressings — Underground 
 Storage and Handling 
 
 (a) Oils, greases, and rope dressings taken underground shall be 
 transported and stored in closed metal containers that will not permit the 
 contents to leak or spill. 
 
 (b) Rope dressings shall not be stored in the mine. 
 
 (c) The underground storage place for oils and greases shall be 
 located in a remote place where there will be the least danger to men in the 
 mine should a fire occur. 
 
 Where practical, the storage place shall be at least 25 ft from 
 any timbers. Where it is necessary to store oils or greases nearer than 
 this distance to mine timbers, such timbers shall be made fire resistant. 
 
 Should the amount of oil or grease stored on any one level 
 exceed 60 gal, it shall be stored in a manner acceptable to the Division. 
 
 (d) The storage place shall be so arranged that the contents of leak- 
 ing containers cannot run from the storage place. 
 
14 
 
 (e) Adequate drip pans shall be provided at the storage places of 
 oils, greases, and rope dressings. 
 
 (f) Leaking containers or fittings shall be promptly repaired or 
 replaced. 
 
 (g) Spillage and leakage shall be promptly cleaned up and sent to the 
 surface. 
 
 (h) No combustible materials shall be permitted in any oil or grease 
 storage place. 
 
 (i) (4-52) Gasoline shall not be taken, stored, or used underground 
 except in permissible flame safety lamps. 
 
 (j) (4-53) The use of liquefied petroleum gases shall be limited to 
 maintenance work. 
 
 Art. 25 ENGINES—INTEEINAL COMBUSTION 
 
 Underground 
 
 7068. Internal Combustion Engines Near Mine Openings 
 
 No internal combustion engine shall be permitted on the surface 
 within 50 ft of any mine opening. 
 
 EXCEPTION: This does not apply to self-propelled vehicles which are 
 not operated as stationary equipment. 
 
 7069. Engines Prohibited Underground 
 
 No fuel-burning or internal combustion engine, other than diesels as 
 allowed in Section 7070 of these Orders, shall be perinitted to operate in 
 any mine. 
 
 7070. Permit to Use Diesel Engines Underground 
 
 (a) No diesel engine shall be permitted in an underground mine 
 unless a permit to use diesel engines underground has first been secured 
 from the Division of Industrial Safety. 
 
 (b) Application for such permit shall be made in writing to the 
 Division of Industrial Safety, and shall include the following information: 
 
 (1) Service for which diesel engines are intended. 
 
 (2) Location in mine where engines are to be operated. 
 
 (3) Aggregate brake horsepower of all diesel engines to be 
 operated in the mine. 
 
 (4) Plans for ventilation of the mine. 
 
 (5) Any other information considered pertinent by the Division. 
 
15 
 
 (c) When in the opinion of the Division diesel engines can be 
 operated safely in the mine, a permit may be Issued to the applicants 
 specifying the conditions under which the diesel engines must be operated. 
 
 (d) When a permit is issued the conditions specified are those 
 believed necessary for the protection of workers. If experience in the 
 operation of the diesel engine indicated that any of the conditions are 
 inadequate or unnecessary, the Division may revise the conditions in the 
 light of such experience. 
 
 (e) The permit to use diesel engines underground may be revoked for 
 failure to comply with conditions of the permit. 
 
 (f) The following is a list of conditions under which diesel-powered 
 equipment will be permitted to operate in underground mines: 
 
 (1) Before any diesel engine is permitted underground, the 
 Employer shall make sure that it is in good operating 
 condition. 
 
 (2) Every diesel engine, which is operated underground, shall be 
 checked daily by a mechanic who is skilled in the operation 
 and maintenance of diesel engines. The diesels shall be 
 maintained in good operating condition. 
 
 (3) The exhaust of each diesel shall be passed through a water 
 bath or approved catalytic conditioner prior to its dis- 
 charge into the atmosphere. Conditioners shall be kept in 
 proper operating condition at all times when equipment is in 
 use underground. 
 
 (4) Diesel exhaust gas shall not be directed towards diesel 
 operators and shall be deflected so that persons alongside 
 will not encounter exhaust gas at breathing level. 
 
 (5) The diesel fuel shall not contain in excess of 0.5 pet of 
 sulfur. 
 
 (6) Each diesel unit shall be equipped with a fire extinguisher 
 suitable for control of oil fires. 
 
 (7) Before any diesel engine is permitted underground, the mine 
 shall be provided with a mechanically produced and posi- 
 tively controlled system of ventilation. 
 
 (8) The main fan shall be installed on the surface and shall be 
 of a type that readily permits the air current to be 
 reversed in direction. 
 
 (9) A continuous flow of fresh air shall be maintained in the 
 mine as long as any diesel equipment is operating therein. 
 
16 
 
 (10) The flow of fresh air in any air course shall never be less 
 than 100 cu ft/min of air per brake horsepower of the 
 aggregate diesel equipment operating in such air course, 
 plus 200 cu ft/min of air for each employee therein. 
 
 (11) Positive instructions shall be issued to all workmen that 
 all diesel equipment underground shall be shut down 
 immediately should the air flow stop, and shall remain shut 
 down until the air flow is resumed. 
 
 (12) A daily record shall be kept of the condition of the diesels 
 and the amount of ventilation provided. The record shall 
 show: 
 
 (A) Condition of each diesel engine 
 
 (B) Total horsepower of diesel equipment that operates in 
 the mine 
 
 (C) Quantity of air flowing in the air course 
 
 (D) Locations at which the air measurements were taken in 
 relation to position of the diesel engines 
 
 (E) Name and title of the person who made the measurements 
 
 (13) The record shall be signed by the person who made the mea- 
 surements. A signed copy shall be kept in the office at the 
 mine, and this copy shall be available for inspection by 
 engineers of the Division of Industrial Safety. 
 
 (14) Daily air quality tests shall be conducted for nitrogen 
 dioxide and carbon monoxide. Results of such tests shall be 
 kept with the daily diesel engine records. Diesels shall be 
 shut down or ventilation increased if contaminant levels 
 exceed safe threshold limit values. 
 
 7071. Fueling Diesel Engines Underground 
 
 (a) Diesel engines shall not be fueled underground where it is prac- 
 tical to fuel them on the surface. 
 
 (b) When fueled underground the engine shall be taken to the fuel 
 storage place, if practical, and the fuel pumped directly from the storage 
 container to the engine fuel tank. 
 
 (c) (4-54) When the engine must be fueled away from the fuel storage 
 place, the fuel shall be transported in closed metal containers that will 
 not permit the contents to leak or spill should the container be 
 overturned. 
 
 (d) The engine shall be shut down during fueling operations. 
 
 (e) Precautions shall be taken to prevent spilling during fueling 
 operations. Spilled fuel shall be promptly cleaned up and removed. 
 
 (f) The use of compressed air to force fuel from a container is 
 prohibited. 
 
17 
 
 (g) (^~1) No fire, smoking, open lights, or other source of ignition 
 shall be permitted near fueling operations. 
 
 Note: See Section 7065 for orders pertaining to storage of fuels 
 and lubricants. 
 
 Art. 31 AIR QUALITY, RADIATION, AND VENTILATION 
 
 (Register 80, No. 3—1-19-80) 
 General 
 
 7090. Environmental Controls 
 
 (a) (5-la) The exposure to airborne contaminants of a person work- 
 ing in a mine shall not exceed, on the basis of a time-weighted average, 
 the threshold limit values adopted by the American Conference of Governmen- 
 tal Industrial Hygienists, as set forth and explained in the most recent 
 edition of the Conference's publication entitled "Threshold Limit Values of 
 Airborne Contaminants." Excursions above listed threshold limit values 
 shall not be of a greater magnitude than is characterized as permissible by 
 the Conference. This paragraph (a) does not apply to airborne contaminants 
 given a "C" designation by the Conference, for example, nitrogen dioxide. 
 
 (b) (5-lb) Employees shall be withdrawn from areas in which there is 
 a concentration of an airborne contaminant given a "C" designation by the 
 Conference which exceeds the threshold limit value (ceiling "C" limit) 
 listed for that contaminant. 
 
 (c) General Industry Safety Orders for control of dust, fumes, mists, 
 vapors, and gases shall be minimum standards for mines. 
 
 (d) (5-2) Dust, gas mist, and fume surveys shall be conducted as fre- 
 quently as necessary to determine the adequacy of control measures. 
 
 (e) (5-5) Respirators shall not be substituted for environmental con- 
 trol measures. However, where environmental controls have not been devel- 
 oped or when necessary by nature of the work involved (for example, welding, 
 sandblasting, lead burning), a person may work for reasonable periods of 
 time in concentrations of airborne contaminants which exceed ceiling "C" 
 limits or the limit of permissible excursions referred to in paragraph (a) 
 and (b), if such person wears a respiratory protective device approved by 
 the Bureau of Mines as protection against the particular hazards involved. 
 
 (f) (20-5) Carbon tetrachloride shall not be used unless under strict 
 environmental controls. 
 
 (Register 72, No. 20—5-13-72) 
 
18 
 
 UNDERGROUND MINE VENTILATION 
 
 7098. Ventilation 
 
 (e) Men shall not be permitted, except in extreme emergencies, to 
 work in a place where the oxygen content of the air is less than 19.5 vol- 
 pct (dry basis). 
 
 Subchapter 20. TUNNEL SAFETY ORDERS 
 
 (Register 73, No. 34—8-25-73) 
 
 Art. 12 VENTILATION AND DUST CONTROL 
 
 8437. Ventilation 
 
 (d) Men shall not be permitted, except in extreme emergencies, to 
 work in a place where the oxygen content of the air is less than 20 vol-pct 
 (dry basis), unless they are wearing permissible self-contained oxygen 
 breathing apparatus. 
 
 (h) See Safety Order 8470 for diesel engine ventilation 
 requirements. 
 
 Art. 17 TRANSPORTATION AND HAULAGE 
 
 8470. Fuel-Burning Internal Combustion Engines 
 
 (a) The use of fuel-burning or internal combustion engines or 
 locomotives underground is prohibited, except for diesel engines when and 
 where permitted in writing by the Division and under conditions specified 
 for each project. 
 
 (b) Requests for such a permit shall be made in duplicate to the 
 Division of Industrial Safety. The letter of request shall give detailed 
 information regarding the proposed use, similar to the following: 
 
 (1) Complete details and specifications of diesel engine and 
 scrubbers 
 
 (2) Location of tunnel and details of operation in which it is 
 proposed to use the diesel equipment 
 
 (3) Length, cross section and layout of tunnel 
 
 (4) Maximum number and brake horsepower of diesels to be oper- 
 ated in any air course 
 
19 
 
 (5) Ventilation plan including direction of air flow, fan 
 capacity, duct size, and auxiliary ventilation 
 
 (6) Date when proposed diesel use is to begin and dates and 
 locations where representatives of the Division of Indus- 
 trial Safety may make tests of the diesel 's exhaust gases. 
 
 (c) The request shall also indicate the ways in which the following 
 standards will be met: 
 
 (1) The fresh air reaching the area where diesels are operating 
 is to flow constantly in one direction and shall amount to 
 at least 100 cu ft/min per diesel brake horsepower plus 
 200 cu ft/min per man. 
 
 (2) Testing devices for nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide 
 shall be provided and used in the tunnel at least once each 
 shift at the peak of diesel operation and a written record 
 kept of readings. Tests shall be conducted by qualified 
 persons trained in the use of testing devices. 
 
 Note 1: Nitrogen dioxide is the most harmful of the gases dis- 
 charged by diesel equipment. If it is held within the 
 specified limits by adequate ventilation, the carbon mon- 
 oxide resulting from diesel operations will normally be 
 well below harmful levels. 
 
 Note 2: Permissible Maximum Amounts of Noxious Gases 
 
 (A) Carbon Monoxide 20 ppm (0.002 pet) in the general 
 tunnel atmosphere under average working conditions. 
 
 (B) Nitrogen Dioxide 5 ppm (0.0005 pet) in the general 
 tunnel atmosphere. 
 
 (C) Formaldehyde 5 ppm (0.005 pet) in the general tunnel 
 atmosphere. 
 
 (3) The exhaust from the diesel engine shall be passed through 
 an acceptable scrubber that is at least as effective as a 
 well-designed water-bath scrubber in reducing hazard and 
 discomfort to workers. 
 
 (4) The diesel engine and scrubber shall be maintained in good 
 mechanical condition and proper working order. Scrubbers 
 shall have inspection openings so that the internal condi- 
 tion and/or water level can be determined. 
 
 (5) The diesel fuel used shall not contain over 0.35 pet sulfur 
 by weight. 
 
 (6) The diesel fuel supply shall not be stored or taken into 
 the tunnel in amounts greater than required for eight hours 
 of operation. 
 
20 
 
 (d) Permits may be revoked for failure to abide by specified condi- 
 tions, or failure to comply with Order 8470. 
 
 Appendix B. — Labor Code Excerpts 
 
 Division 5, Safety in Employment 
 
 Part 1. Workmen's Safety 
 
 Chapter 2. Gassy and Extrahazardous Tunnels 
 
 7979. In tunnels or underground mines classified extrahazardous, sufficient 
 air shall be supplied to maintain an atmosphere of all of the following 
 conditions: 
 
 (a) Not less than 19 pet oxygen. 
 
 (b) Not more than 0.5 pet carbon dioxide. 
 
 (c) Not more than 5 ppm nitrogen dioxide. 
 
 (d) No petroleum vapors or other toxic gases in concentrations 
 exceeding the threshold limit values established annually by 
 the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 
 
 7980. All electrical equipment and machines, including diesel engines, used 
 in tunnels or underground mines classified extrahazardous shall be permis- 
 sible equipment. The division may, however, permit the use of nonpermis- 
 sive equipment in a tunnel or underground mine in areas where it finds 
 there is no longer danger from gas or other hazards. 
 
 COLORADO 
 
 Contact ; State Mine Inspection 
 
 State of Colorado 
 
 1313 Sherman St. 
 
 Denver, Colo. 80203 
 
 303/839-3401 
 
 Coal Mines 
 
 Coal Mining Laws, State of Colorado, 1973. 
 
 Art. 24 VENTILATION 
 
 34-25-105 Quality of Air 
 
 Air in which men work or travel in mines shall be improved when it contains 
 less than 19.5 pet oxygen, or is contaminated with noxious or poisonous gases. 
 
 Art. 29 SAFETY REGULATIONS 
 
 34-29-112 Haulage Equipment 
 
 Nonpermissible internal combustion engines or other machinery which gives 
 off noxious fumes in dangerous quantities shall not be permitted in any under- 
 ground mine. 
 
21 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 State of Colorado Statute Number 3440-101, Creation of the Bureau of 
 Mines— 1895. 
 
 43. Diesel Equipment 
 
 1. These rules apply to the operation of diesel-powered equipment used 
 underground in all metal mines, reclamation tunnels, clay mines, tunnel 
 projects, or any underground mining operation except coal mines. Only 
 Bureau of Mines approved diesel equipment is allowed underground. 
 
 2. A permit must be secured from the Bureau of Mines for the operation of 
 diesel-powered equipment underground before the equipment is taken 
 underground. A 10-day verbal temporary permit may be granted by the 
 District Metal Mining Inspector during the time a formal application is 
 pending. 
 
 3. Diesel equipment used underground must be maintained in top operating 
 condition at all times. The same will be removed from underground ^y 
 the inspector when the diesel equipment is found to be in poor oper- 
 ating condition and producing an excessive amount of toxic gases. 
 
 4. Mine ventilation must be designed so that diesel exhaust gases will not 
 accumulate in or be transported to areas of poor ventilation. All gas- 
 laden air must be exhausted to the surface by the most direct route. 
 
 5. A fuel-air ratio adjustment, calculated to produce a minimum of toxic 
 exhaust gases, will be required as set forth in U.S. Bureau of Mines 
 Report of Investigations 4287. 
 
 6. All diesel engines used underground must be fitted with exhaust gas 
 conditioners or scrubbers which are connected to the diesel exhaust 
 manifolds with leak-proof fittings. These scrubbers must be connected 
 at all times when the equipment is underground. 
 
 (a) Units of 150 horsepower or less and units operating in small bores 
 or areas of less than 400 sq ft cross section or where the ground 
 is supported by combustible material shall be equipped with scrub- 
 bers or conditioners which operate on the water-wash principle. 
 These scrubber units must be so constructed that they can contain 
 and maintain sufficient water to wash exhaust gases for a period 
 of no less than four hours under normal operating conditions. The 
 scrubber water, if reused, must be drained and the scrubber 
 refilled at periods not exceeding four hours of operation. 
 
 (b) Exhaust gases discharged from water-wash scrubbers shall not 
 exceed a temperature of 180° F. 
 
 (c) Scrubbers must be so constructed that exhaust pressure will not 
 push solid water from the scrubber. 
 
22 
 
 (d) Diesel units of less than 150 horsepower are not allowed to oper- 
 ate underground with a dry scrubber, or with a scrubber that does 
 not hold the exhaust temperature to maximum of 180° F. 
 
 (e) Exhaust conditioners or scrubbers are to be cleaned and completely 
 checked and serviced at least once each week. 
 
 (f) Catalyst or dry scrubbers or exhaust conditioners may be used on 
 units larger than 150 horsepower which are in continuous operation 
 while underground. 
 
 (g) Exhaust gases from a dry conditioner must not be released less 
 than five ft from the walls, roof, back or floor of underground 
 workings, nor less than five ft from any timber or combustible 
 material in such underground workings. 
 
 (h) Exhaust gases from a dry conditioner must be diluted and diffused 
 into the atmosphere by baffles, screens or venturi-type dilution. 
 
 (i) Dry scrubbers must not be regenerated underground. 
 
 (j) Dry scrubbers cannot be used underground when explosive gases are 
 present in excess of 0.5 pet. 
 
 (k) Scrubbers or conditioners shall be constructed so as not to exces- 
 sively increase exhaust back pressure when the diesel is develop- 
 ing its rated horsepower. 
 
 7. Fresh air ventilation must be supplied to the immediate area in which 
 the diesel is operating at a rate not less than 75 cu ft/min for each 
 brake horsepower being used in the area. This is in addition to the 
 normal ventilation required for each man working in the area. 
 
 8. Diesels will be removed from underground when the atmosphere contains 
 toxic gases above the tolerance set by the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the 
 State Health Department as listed below: 
 
 Carbon dioxide 0.5 vol-pct 
 
 Carbon monoxide .005 vol-pct, 50 ppm 
 
 Oxides of nitrogen .0025 vol-pct 
 
 Nitrogen dioxide .00005 vol-pct, 5 ppm 
 
 Aldehydes .001 vol-pct 
 
 Oxygen Less than 30 vol-pct 
 
 Methane .5 vol-pct 
 
 9. Mine areas in which diesel engines are operating will be tested for 
 toxic atmosphere at frequent intervals by a representative of the 
 Bureau of Mines. 
 
 10. Permits are not transferable from one operator to another or from one 
 property to another. 
 
23 
 
 11. At no time will more horsepower be allowed underground than Is stated 
 on the permit. 
 
 12. Violation of any of the above rules will be cause for permit 
 cancellation. 
 
 71. Gases 
 
 57.5-2 1. When the atmosphere in any mine, or part of the mine, is known to 
 contain or is suspected of containing any explosive or toxic gas, 
 it shall be tested by approved means before employees are allowed 
 to work therein. 
 
 2. Tests shall be made by an employee designated by the employer as 
 competent to make such tests. 
 
 3. Hazardous gas or vapor conditions shall be deemed to exist when 
 the place of employment contains higher concentration limits than 
 shown in the following table: 
 
 Gases and Vapors 
 
 Name 
 
 Parts of Million 
 
 Ammonia 
 
 50 
 
 Benzene 
 
 25 
 
 Carbon dioxide 
 
 5,000 
 
 Carbon monoxide 
 
 50 (0.005 vol-pct) 
 
 Chlorine 
 
 1 
 
 Gasoline 
 
 500 
 
 Hydrogen cyanide 
 
 10 
 
 Hydrogen sulphide 
 
 10 
 
 Methane 
 
 500 (0.5 vol-pct) 
 
 Naptha (pertroleum) 
 
 100 
 
 Nitrogen dioxide 
 
 5 
 
 Nitrogen oxides 
 
 25 
 
 4. The maximum allowable concentrations of gases and vapors are 
 according to standards set forth in Rules and Regulations 
 pertaining to Occupational Health, Colorado Department of Health, 
 as follows : 
 
 OH 2.8 Pemissible Atmospheric Concentrations (Threshold Limit 
 Value) 
 
 1) The acceptability of the concentration of atmospheric con- 
 taminants in the air breathed by workmen shall be governed 
 by the latest revised document pertaining to Threshold Limit 
 Values as prepared by the American Conference of Governmental 
 Industrial Hygienists. 
 
24 
 
 2) It is not implied that observance of the Threshold Limit Val- 
 ues will be a guarantee against possible ill health of work- 
 ers exposed, or that medical control can be neglected. 
 
 72. Gasoline 
 
 57.4-52 1. Equipment powered by gasoline or equipment powered by butane or 
 
 propane gas shall not be used in any underground mine, excavation 
 or quarry. 
 
 CONNECTICUT 
 
 Contact : Connecticut Department of Labor 
 
 200 Folly Brook Blvd. 
 Wethersfield, Conn. 06109 
 203/566-5123 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Connecticut presently has no underground 
 mines. 
 
 DELAWARE 
 
 Contact ; Delaware Geological Survey 
 
 10 Penny Hall 
 Newark, Del. 19711 
 302/738-2833 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Delaware presently has no underground 
 mines. 
 
 FLORIDA 
 
 Contact : Bureau of Geology 
 
 Florida Department of Natural Resources 
 
 903 West Tennessee St. 
 
 Tallahassee, Fla. 32304 
 
 904/488-4191 
 
 Coal, Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Florida presently has no underground 
 mines. 
 
25 
 
 GEORGIA 
 
 Contact ; Georgia Department of Natural Resources 
 
 Environmental Protection Division 
 
 270 Washington St. SW 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 30334 
 
 912/744-3346 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Georgia has adopted Federal Underground 
 mining regulations for coal, metal, and nonmetal mines. 
 
 HAWAII 
 
 Contact : State of Hawaii 
 
 Department of Labor and Industrial Relations 
 
 Division of Occupational Safety and Health 
 
 677 Ala Moana, Suite 910 
 
 Honolulu, Hawaii 96809 
 
 808/548-4155 
 
 State Mineral Specialist 
 
 U.S. Bureau of Mines 
 
 Western Field Operation Center 
 
 State Mineral Information Programs 
 
 315 East Montgomery 
 
 Spokane, Wash. 99207 
 
 509/439-6880 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Hawaii presently has no underground mines. 
 
 IDAHO 
 
 Contact ; Department of Labor and Industrial Services 
 
 317 Main St. 
 Statehouse Room 400 
 Boise, Idaho 83720 
 
 208/334-3400 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Idaho has adopted Federal underground min- 
 ing regulations for coal, metal, and nonmetal mines. 
 
26 
 
 ILLINOIS 
 
 Contact : State Department of Mines and Minerals 
 
 State Office Building, Room 704 
 
 Springfield, 111. 82706 
 
 217/782-6791 
 
 Coal Mines 
 
 The use of internal combustion engines in the State of Illinois in underground 
 coal mines is prohibited by State laws. 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground metal and nonmetal mines. Illinois has adopted 
 Federal underground mining regulations for metal and nonmetal mines. 
 
 INDIANA 
 
 Contact ; Commission of Labor 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 46204 
 317/232-2663 
 
 Director 
 
 State Department of Mines and Minerals 
 
 Indiana Bureau of Mines and Mining 
 
 125 South 15th St. 
 
 Terre Haute, Ind. 47807 
 
 812/232-6406 
 
 Coal Mines 
 
 Coal Mining Laws of Indiana, Indiana Code 22-10, effective September 1, 1979. 
 
 Application of Act — Gasoline Engines 
 
 IC 22-10-27, Section 13 
 
 The provisions of this act shall apply to all commercial coal mines, 
 except that it shall be unlawful to use or operate any gasoline propelled 
 engine or machinery inside any mine in this state. 
 
 Safety and Protection of Employees 
 
 Combustion Propelled Engines — Use 
 Unlawful-when-IC 22-10-2-8, Section 14 
 
 It shall be unlawful for any owner or operator of a coal mine who is 
 engaged in removing any material or product from under the surface of the 
 
27 
 
 earth to use or operate any combustion propelled engines or machinery in any 
 such operation underneath the ground when employees are engaged at work. 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground metal and nonmetal mines. Indiana has adopted 
 Federal underground mining regulations for metal and nonmetal mines. 
 
 IOWA 
 
 Contact ; Department of Soil Conservation 
 
 Mines and Minerals Division 
 Wallace State Office Building 
 Des Moines, Iowa 50219 
 515/281-5774 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Iowa presently has no underground mines. 
 
 KANSAS 
 
 Contact ; Department of Human Resources 
 
 Division of Industrial Safety 
 401 Topeka Ave. 
 Topeka, Kans. 66603 
 913/296-5000 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Kansas has adopted Federal underground 
 mining regulations for coal, metal, and nonmetal mines. 
 
 KENTUCKY 
 
 Contact : Kentucky Department of Labor 
 
 Capitol Plaza 
 
 Frankfort, Ky. 40601 
 
 502/564-3019 
 
 Coal and Clay Mines 
 
 Operation and Maintenance of Mobile Powered Transportation Equipment in Under- 
 ground Coal Mines. 
 
28 
 
 Pursuant to the authority of KRS 352.050(1), 351.021, 351.070(11), (12) 
 1.01: General Requirements 
 
 (a) Only diesel equipment bearing approval plates of permissibility 
 issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines and approved for use by the Ken- 
 tucky Department of Mines and Minerals will be allowed in under- 
 ground coal mines of the State. No diesel-powered machinery may be 
 taken into any underground coal mine of the State of Kentucky with- 
 out the written approval of the Commissioner of Mines and Minerals. 
 The approval for use shall incorporate all the requiremtnts of these 
 regulations. If at any time the Commissioner determines that any 
 condition or practice permitted under this approval may threaten the 
 health or safety of the employees, he may impose additional require- 
 ments for the purpose of eliminating the condition or practice. 
 
 (b) If technical, scientific or engineering information is gained indi- 
 cating that approved diesel machinery may be used in a manner which 
 will afford the workmen equal or greater protection than afforded by 
 the provisions of these regulations, the Commissioner may approve 
 the use of the machinery in the manner which provide equal or 
 greater protection. 
 
 (c) Bureau of Mines approval of the permissibility of Mobile diesel- 
 powered transportation equipment (hereinafter referred to as diesel 
 machine(s)) means only that the particular machine has met certain 
 specific requirements of design and performance, but such approval 
 does not guarantee that it is impossible to use a permissible 
 machine in an unsafe manner. The manufacturer must develop equip- 
 ment that will meet the particular requirements for approval, but it 
 is the user's responsibility to see that the equipment is maintained 
 in permissible condition and is used in a permissible manner. 
 
 In addition to proper maintenance, the use of diesel machines under- 
 ground involves certain other factors, such as ventilation, which 
 are of equal importance in establishing safe operating conditions. 
 It is absolutely essential to observe the requirements of these reg- 
 ulations in operating and maintaining such machines to avoid impair- 
 ing their permissible status and thus defeat the protective features 
 that are necessary for their safe use. 
 
 (d) Engine adjustments shall be verified by the manufacturer as being 
 correct before each permissible diesel machine is operated in a coal 
 mine. 
 
 (e) Alteration in design, substitution of components or subassemblies, 
 or changes in conditions of operating permissible diesel machines 
 shall not be made without prior concurrence of the Kentucky Depart- 
 ment of Mines and Minerals and The Bureau of Mines. When such 
 changes are permitted, additional engine tests and adjustment shall 
 be required as necessary to insure the safe operation of the par- 
 ticular machine in a coal mine. 
 
29 
 
 1.02: General Ventilation 
 
 (a) The use of diesel machines underground shall be restricted to haul- 
 ageways and working places where positive (controlled flow) ventila- 
 tion is maintained. 
 
 (b) The ventilating air in all mine workings where diesel machines are 
 operated shall not contain combustible or other contaminating gases 
 in such concentration that will affect combustion in the diesel 
 engine by materially increasing production of toxic (poisonous) or 
 other objectionable constituents in the engine exhaust. 
 
 (c) Each set of producing entries in which diesel-powered equipment is 
 used shall be placed on a separate split of air. 
 
 1,03: Quantity of Ventilating Air 
 
 (a) In addition to the amount of air required by the Kentucky Mining 
 Law, at least 6,000 cu ft/min of air shall be provided for each 
 diesel unit used in a working section of a mine. The air measure- 
 ment shall be taken in the last open entry crosscut. If these loca- 
 tions cannot be used due to pillaring, the measurements shall be 
 adequate to dilute the toxic and/or objectionable constituents of 
 the engine exhaust so that the composition of the air in each haul- 
 ageway and working place connected thereto will meet authoritative 
 standards for safe, healthful working environment. 
 
 (b) The minimum quantity of ventilating air that must be supplied for a 
 permissible diesel machine in a given time shall conform to that 
 shown on the approval plate attached to the particular machine. 
 
 (c) The quantity of ventilating air in mine workings where diesel 
 machines are operated shall be measured once during each working 
 shift and a record of each measurement shall be kept in a book pro- 
 vided for this purpose. 
 
 (d) No person shall incorporate any device in the exhaust system of a 
 permissible diesel machine that has not been approved in the tests 
 that determine the permissibility of the machine. 
 
 1.04: Quality of Ventilating Air 
 
 (a) The air supplied for ventilation where diesel machines are used in 
 coal mines shall contain not less than 20.5 vol-pct of oxygen (dry 
 basis) and not more than 1.0 vol-pct of methane. 
 
 (b) The ventilating air in working places where diesel machines are 
 operated shall be sampled and analyzed chemically often enough to 
 assure that the composition of the engine intake air conforms with 
 the requirements stated in paragraph (a) of this section, and that 
 the concentrations of contaminants, such as carbon dioxide, carbon 
 monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen, when added to the ventilating air 
 
30 
 
 by the dlesel engine exhaust shall meet authoritative standards for 
 safe, healthful working environment. 
 
 (c) Ventilation and machine-operating conditions shall maintain the com- 
 position of the air in the pertinent mine workings so that the tol- 
 erable limits stated in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section will 
 not be exceeded. 
 
 (d) Diesel engine exhaust shall not contain black smoke. 
 
 (e) When the conditions of the quality of air stated in paragraphs (a), 
 (b), and (c) of this section are not maintained, as determined by 
 analysis or other observation, operation of diesel machines shall be 
 stopped until the requirements of air quality are complied with. 
 
 (f) Records shall be kept of all air analyses and of any change(s) in 
 ventilation or diesel engine adjustment resulting from the 
 analyses. 
 
 1.05: General Maintenance 
 
 (a) The maintenance of diesel machines in permissible condition shall be 
 delegated only to authorized, competent persons. 
 
 (b) Engine intake and exhaust systems shall be inspected visually at 
 least once each working shift. Other diesel machine components 
 shall be inspected in accordance with instructions of the manufac- 
 turer. Records shall be kept of maintenance, inspection and repair 
 work. 
 
 1 . 06 : Maintenance of Engine-Fuel-Injection System 
 
 (a) Injection valves. 
 
 1. Injection valves shall be maintained in proper operating condi- 
 tion. Particular attention shall be given to preventing imper- 
 fect atomization or distribution of the fuel. 
 
 2. Replacements of worn or broken injection valves shall be identi- 
 cal with those on the engine when the diesel machine was 
 approved as permissible. 
 
 (b) Fuel pump. 
 
 1. The engine fuel pump shall be sealed or locked to prevent tam- 
 pering. The seal shall be broken only by an authorized compe- 
 tent person, when necessary to reset the fuel pump, after which 
 the pump shall be resealed. 
 
 2. Resetting of the stop limiting maximum fuel injection of the 
 fuel pump shall be identical with the original setting provided 
 by the manufacturer. 
 
31 
 
 3. Each shop or facility in which diesel engines are serviced shall 
 be provided with equipment for properly measuring the quantity 
 of fuel delivered by the fuel pump when operating at maximum 
 fuel setting, or such adjustments shall be made only by a compe- 
 tent diesel service organization where such equipment is 
 available. 
 
 4. The fuel pump shall be set to deliver the maximum weight of fuel 
 specified in the certifications provided by the U.S. Bureau of 
 Mines and the Kentucky Department of Mines and Minerals. 
 
 5. When operating a diesel engine at altitudes exceeding 1,000 feet 
 above sea level, the maximum quantity of fuel injected by the 
 fuel pump shall be set in accordance with the liquid fuel rate/ 
 altitude table provided in the manufacturer's caution 
 statement. 
 
 1.07: Inspection and Maintenance of Engine-Intake System 
 
 (a) The engine-intake system, including flame arrester (s), air cleaner, 
 and all joints, shall be inspected at intervals according to the 
 manufacturer's general maintenance instructions. 
 
 (b) Inspection of the engine-intake system shall include tightness of 
 all joints and cleanliness of flame-arrester surfaces. 
 
 (c) Periodic measurements shall be made of the vacuum in the engine 
 intake system to determine whether the air cleaner and flame 
 arrester(s) require cleaning. 
 
 (d) The air cleaner of the engine-intake system shall be maintained in 
 accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The normal oil 
 filling level shall not be exceeded. 
 
 1.08: Inspection and Maintenance of Engine-Exhaust System 
 
 (a) The engine-exhaust system, including flame arrester(s), conditioner 
 or cooling boxes, shut-off mechanism, water spray, and exhaust- 
 dilution system, shall be inspected at intervals according to the 
 manufacturer's general maintenance instructions. 
 
 (b) Periodic measurements shall be made of the positive pressure in the 
 engine-exhaust system to determine whether the exhaust flame 
 arrester requires cleaning. 
 
 (c) The water supply for the exhaust gas cooling system shall be replen- 
 ished by an authorized person at the beginning of each working 
 shift. 
 
 (d) When salts from evaporation of water in the exhaust-gas cooling sys- 
 tem are deposited on auxiliaries, such as cooling boxes, condition- 
 ers, and other parts of the system, such auxiliaries shall be 
 
flushed with water and cleaned to remove the salt deposits, as well 
 as soot filtered from the exhaust gas. 
 
 (e) Float valves shall be serviced at intervals according to the manu- 
 facturer's instruction to maintain them in good operating 
 condition. 
 
 (f) Functioning of the fuel shut-off mechanism, actuated by the exhaust 
 gas temperature, shall be tested at least once every three months. 
 This test shall be made in a safe place, not in active face workings 
 of a coal mine. 
 
 (g) All heated surfaces of the diesel engine shall be inspected and 
 cleaned at intervals frequent enough to insure that such surfaces 
 are kept free of combustible materials, such as coal dust, diesel 
 fuel, lubricants, and rags or waste. 
 
 (h) The exhaust-gas dilution system shall be inspected and cleaned at 
 
 intervals frequent enough to insure safe dilution of the exhaust gas 
 when it is discharged from the diesel engine (see 1.04). 
 
 (i) Whenever the diesel engine exhaust is smoky or objectionable odors 
 are emitted in the exhaust, the cause shall be investigated imme- 
 diately and corrected in accordance with the manufacturer's 
 instructions. 
 
 ; Electrical Equipment 
 
 (a) Locks and seals. Electrical parts, such as battery boxes and head- 
 lights, shall be provided with locks and seals that are maintained 
 where required to preserve the permissible status of a permissible 
 diesel machine. 
 
 (b) Fastenings. Joints in motor casings, starting-switch enclosures, 
 headlights, and other parts that are subject to arcing during normal 
 operation shall be fastened securely. All bolts, cap screws, and 
 other means of joining parts of casings and enclosures shall be kept 
 in their proper places and secured tightly. 
 
 (c) Wiring and Conduit. 
 
 1. Wiring insulation shall be maintained in good condition and when 
 worn or abraded shall be replaced with well-insulated wiring. 
 
 2. Rubber hose, steel pipe, and other types of conduit for wiring 
 shall be supported firmly at each end and between ends when the 
 lengths are such as to require additional support. Conduit and 
 other means of protecting wiring shall be kept in place and 
 maintained in condition equivalent to that provided by the manu- 
 facturer for the permissibility tests. 
 
33 
 
 (d) Headlight and instrument lenses. Lenses forming part of the 
 explosion-proof easings of headlights or enclosures of instruments 
 shall be securely in place. Cracked leses shall be replaced 
 immediately. 
 
 (e) Overload and short-circuit protection. Tampering with fuses, relays 
 or other means supplied by the manufacturer for overload and short- 
 circuit protection of wiring and electrical parts shall not be 
 permitted, nor shall the use of substitutes that nullify such pro- 
 tection be permitted. 
 
 (f) Battery. Battery-cell tops shall be maintained free of electrolyte 
 and other foreign material. Connections between battery cells shall 
 be kept tight and free of corrosion. 
 
 1.10: Fuel 
 
 (a) Specifications. 
 
 1. The fuel for diesel engines of machines approved for service in 
 underground mines shall conform to the equipment manufacturer's 
 specifications for viscosity, pour point, cetane number, carbon 
 residue and water. The flash point shall be not less than 
 140" F, and sulfur contents shall not exceed 0.5 wt-pct. 
 
 2. Only distillate fuel shall be used in engines of permissible 
 diesel-powered transportation equipment for underground mines. 
 
 (b) Storage and Handling 
 
 1. Fuel taken underground shall be transported only in strong, 
 tight metal containers that are provided with efficient closing 
 devices. 
 
 2. The quantity of fuel stored underground shall not exceed that 
 required for 24 hours operation of all diesel machines in use. 
 
 3. Fuel taken underground and awaiting transfer to diesel machine 
 fuel tanks shall be stored in a closed compartment, constructed 
 of incombustible materials, and shall be kept in a well- 
 ventilated location, the return air from which shall not pass 
 through any active mine workings. 
 
 4. The walls of a fuel-storage compartment shall form a liquid 
 tight joint with the bottom of the mine floor. Any openings in 
 the fuel-storage compartment, such as a doorway, shall be pro- 
 vided with a sill high enough to form a catch-basin in the stor- 
 age compartment to retain spilled fuel. The capacity of the 
 catch-basin shall be large enough to hold the maximum quantity 
 of fuel that is permitted to be stored underground. 
 
34 
 
 5. Diesel machine fuel tanks shall be filled only at the fuel stor- 
 age compartment. Fuel shall be transferred from the storage 
 compartment to a machine fuel tank through a flexible hose that 
 is fitted with a self-closing valve. 
 
 6. The fuel-handling system and the diesel machine shall be frame 
 grounded when fuel is being transferred from the storage com- 
 partment to the machine fuel tank. 
 
 7. The air vents on fuel-handling equipment shall be flameproof. 
 
 8. When fuel is being transferred from the storage compartment to 
 the machine fuel tank, the diesel engine shall be stopped. 
 
 9. A supply of sand or other suitable incombustible material shall 
 be available during the transfer of fuel from the storage com- 
 partment of the machine fuel tank for absorbing spilled fuel. 
 
 10. All drain plugs in the fuel-handling system shall be threaded 
 and sealed or locked in the closed position to prevent uninten- 
 tional opening. 
 
 11. Only trained authorized persons shall be permitted to handle 
 fuel for diesel machines. 
 
 12. In fuel-handling operations, precautions shall be observed to 
 keep the fuel clean and free from contamination by foreign 
 material, such as dirt, sediment and water. 
 
 13. Fuel filters on diesel engines shall be cleaned regularly and 
 repaired promptly as conditions require. 
 
 1.11: Fire Extinguishers 
 
 Liquid carbon dioxide or pressurized dry-chemical fire extinguishers 
 shall be installed at underground repair shops, machine barns, and 
 fuel storage compartments. 
 
 1.12: Underground Repair Shops and Machine-Storage Barns 
 
 (a) Ventilation, 
 
 1. Underground repair shops and diesel machine storage barns shall 
 be ventilated by a separate air split between the intake and 
 return airways. 
 
 2. When diesel machines are operated in an underground repair shop 
 or storage barn, or in the event of fire, arrangements shall be 
 made to conduct the products of combustion therefrom directly to 
 the return airway. 
 
35 
 
 (b) Construction. 
 
 1. Underground repair shops and machine-storage barns shall be 
 lined with nonabsorbent incombustible material. Doors or other 
 means of closure shall be constructed of similar incombustible 
 material. 
 
 2. Floor of underground repair shops and machine-storage barns 
 shall be impervious to oil and shall be so graded as to provide 
 natural drainage to a sump or catch-basin to collect spilled 
 oil. 
 
 3. Spilled oil shall be cleaned up and removed from the sump or 
 catch-basin promptly and stored in closed metal containers until 
 disposed of on the surface. 
 
 (c) Repair operations. Welding or other operations that might create a 
 fire hazard shall not be done unless precautions are observed to 
 prevent inadvertent ignition of diesel fuel or lubricants. 
 
 (d) Miscellaneous. A supply of sand or other incombustible material 
 shall be kept in underground repair shops and machine-storage bams 
 to aid in fire-fighting and to absorb spilled diesel fuel or 
 lubricants. 
 
 1.13: General 
 
 (a) The operation of diesel equipment in underground coal mines in Ken- 
 tucky shall be under the supervision of a foreman holding a First 
 Class Certificate. 
 
 (b) Not more than two diesel shuttle cars will be permitted to operate 
 at the same time in a single air split. Provided, however, that the 
 Commissioner of Mines and Minerals may, if he determines that the 
 safety or health of the employees will not be jeopardized, permit 
 additional shuttle cars to be used. 
 
 (c) No diesel equipment will be permitted to operate in any section of a 
 mine where room entries exceed 3,000 ft in depth. 
 
 (d) The engine of a shuttle car shall be shut down at all times when not 
 in use (that is, it must not be allowed to idle more than absolutely 
 necessary). 
 
 (e) If the engine exhaust becomes more noticeable than normal, the 
 equipment shall be removed from the faces and shut down until the 
 proper repairs can be made to correct this condition. 
 
 (f) All employees working in sections where diesel equipment is used 
 shall be furnished with self-rescue respirators which they shall 
 carry at all times while on duty in the mine. 
 
36 
 
 (g) No person who works in close proximity to mobile diesel equipment 
 
 throughout the shift shall be permitted to work more than a ten-hour 
 continuous shift in any 24 hours. 
 
 (h) Access to all company records such as maintenance, repairs, fuels, 
 ventilation, etc., pertaining to the use of the underground diesel 
 equipment shall be made available to representatives of the Kentucky 
 Department of Mines and Minerals. 
 
 (i) The operation of any diesel machine in any manner or under any con- 
 dition that does not comply with the requirements of these regula- 
 tions shall be considered by the Department as voiding its approval 
 for underground use. 
 
 (j) Terminology used in these regulations is consistent with that of 
 Kentucky Revised Statutes 351.010 and 352.010 unless the context 
 requires otherwise. (CM-Rg-1, effective 8/2/63). 
 
 LAWS GOVERNING THE MINING OF COAL AND CLAY, KENTUCKY REVISED STATUTES, 
 CHAPTERS 351-352. Amended 1976. 
 
 Chapter 352: Mining Regulations 
 
 352.050 Regulations for underground machinery and locomotives; under- 
 ground stables prohibited. 
 
 1. After June 6, 1972, no machinery powered by an internal com- 
 bustion engine shall be placed in use in underground work- 
 ings unless such equipment is rated "permissible" by the 
 U.S. Bureau of Mines or the Mining Enforcement and Safety 
 Administration for Underground Use and the use of the 
 machinery is approved by the Commissioner of the Department 
 of Mines and Minerals. 
 
 2. No steam locomotive shall be used in any mine where men are 
 actually employed in the extraction of coal, but this shall 
 not prevent the operation of a steam locomotive through any 
 tunnel haulway and part of a mine which is not in actual 
 operation and producing coal. 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal com- 
 bustion engines in underground metal and nonmetal mines, other than clay 
 mines. Kentucky has adopted Federal underground mining regulations for metal 
 and nonmetal mines. 
 
37 
 
 LOUISIANA 
 
 Contact ; Director 
 
 Department of Natural Resources 
 
 Office of Conservation 
 
 P.O. Box 44006 — Capitol Station 
 
 Baton Rouge, La. 70804 
 
 504/342-5540 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of Internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Louisiana has adopted Federal underground 
 mining regulations for coal, metal, and nonmetal mines. 
 
 MAINE 
 
 Contact ; Division of Industrial Safety 
 
 Bureau of Labor 
 
 Department of Manpower Affairs 
 
 State Office Building 
 
 Augusta, Maine 04333 
 
 207/289-3331 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of Internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Maine presently has no underground mines. 
 
 MARYLAND 
 
 Contact ; Maryland Bureau of Mines 
 
 City Building 
 
 Westernport, Md. 21562 
 
 301/359-3057 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal 
 combustion engines in underground mines. Maryland has adopted Federal 
 underground mining regulations for coal, metal, and nonmetal mines. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Contact: Department of Labor and Industry 
 
 100 Cambridge St. 
 
 Boston, Mass. 02202 
 
 617/727-6155 
 
38 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. 
 
 Tunneling 
 
 Tunneling and use of diesel engines in tunneling is regulated by the State in 
 Industrial Bulletin No. 7: Rules and Regulations for the Prevention of Acci- 
 dents in Tunnels, Shafts, Subways, and Work Under Compressed Air (effective 
 February 1, 1961). 
 
 Part 4. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 
 
 J. Internal Combustion Engines 
 
 Internal combustion engines may be used underground if approved by 
 the Commissioner. 
 
 Part 6. GENERAL 
 
 G. Ventilation 
 
 6. Men shall not be permitted, except in extreme emergencies, to 
 
 work in a place where the oxygen content of the air is less than 
 19.5 vol-pct (dry basis). 
 
 J. Flammable Material 
 
 1. Oils and other dangerous flammable material shall be stored not 
 less than 100 ft from any shaft or tunnel opening or building 
 over tunnel opening and at least 100 ft from any powder magazine. 
 Where oils are stored in buildings, such buildings shall not be 
 used for any other purposes. Emergency water and fire lines 
 shall be provided within 100 ft of shaft or tunnel opening. 
 Tanks and drums containing flammable liquids shall be so located 
 that the escaping liquid cannot run over the surface from such 
 tank to any powder magazine or to any building within 100 ft of 
 any tunnel opening. Under no circumstances shall oxygen or any 
 flammable gas be stored in proximity of oil. 
 
 2. Open flame lights shall be prohibited at all places where gaso- 
 line, distillate, oil or other flammables are stored. 
 
 3. Lubricating oils, greases and rope dressings taken underground 
 shall be in closed metal containers that will not permit the con- 
 tents to leak out or spill. When taken underground, they shall 
 be stored in a secluded place away from shafts, winzes, hoists, 
 powder magazines and tunnel timbers in such manner that the oil 
 from a ruptured or overturned container will not flow from its 
 storage place. 
 
39 
 
 6. The use of volatile solvents such as gasoline underground is for- 
 bidden except in small amounts such as is required for blow 
 torches or miners' safety lamps. 
 
 Part 7. TRANSPORTATION AND HAULAGE 
 
 A. Fuel Burning Internal Combustion Engines 
 
 1. Diesel engines shall be of a type approved by the Commissioner. 
 
 2. The use of fuel burning or internal combustion engines or loco- 
 motives is prohibited, except for diesel engines and these shall 
 be equipped with approved type "scrubbers" or filters. 
 
 3. Proper ventilation shall be provided to maintain a healthful work 
 environment. (The fresh air reaching the area where any such 
 diesel is operating is to flow constantly in one direction and 
 should amount to at least 75 cu ft/min per diesel brake horse- 
 power). The rate of dilution of the exhaust gases shall be 
 25-1. 
 
 4. Where explosive gases or dusts may be encountered, the intake and 
 the exhaust openings of the engine shall be protected by flame 
 arresters, and all flame passages or possible arc-producing parts 
 shall be enclosed in explosion-proof housings. 
 
 5. All surfaces shall be maintained at temperatures below 400** F and 
 other adequate precautions shall be observed to eliminate fire 
 hazards. 
 
 6. Adequate regular maintenance shall be provided for haulage equip- 
 ment in service. 
 
 7. Diesel fuel for underground use shall have a flash point of not 
 less than 150° F and contain not over 0.5 pet sulphur by wt. 
 
 8. Diesel fuel supply shall not be stored or taken in the tunnel in 
 amounts greater than required for one day's operation. 
 
 9. The exhaust for the diesel engine shall be passed through a 
 scrubber to reduce the health hazard 'and discomfort to the work- 
 ers. Scrubbers shall be serviced at least once every eight hours 
 of operation. 
 
 10. The undiluted exhaust gases from the diesel shall not contain 
 over 2,500 ppm of carbon monoxide. 
 
 11. The working atmosphere shall not contain over 100 ppm carbon mon- 
 oxide, 2 ppm nitrogen dioxide, or sufficient aldehydes to cause 
 undue irritation. 
 
40 
 
 MICHIGAN 
 
 Contact ; Department of Labor 
 
 Bureau of Safety and Regulations 
 
 7150 Harris St. 
 
 Box 30015 
 
 Lansing, Mich. 48926 
 
 517/322-1814 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Michigan has adopted Federal underground 
 mining regulations for coal, metal, and nonmetal mines. 
 
 MINNESOTA 
 
 Contact ; Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry 
 
 Occupational Safety and Health 
 
 Space Center Blvd. 
 
 444 Lafayette Rd. 
 
 St. Paul, Minn. 55101 
 
 612/296-2116 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Minnesota presently has no underground 
 mines. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI 
 
 Contact ; Mississippi Geological, Economic and Topographical Survey 
 
 Box 4915 
 
 Jackson, Miss. 39216 
 
 601/354-6228 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Mississippi presently has no underground 
 mines. 
 
 MISSOURI 
 
 Contact ; Division of Mine Inspection 
 
 State of Missouri 
 Box 449 
 Jefferson City, Mo. 65101 
 314/751-3403 
 
41 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 Mine Inspection Laws of the State of Missouri, Chapter 293, October 1978. 
 
 Mine Inspection — General Provisions 
 
 293.120: Air safety requirements. — Air in which men work or travel in mines 
 shall be improved when: 
 
 (1) It contains less than 19.5 pet oxygen, 
 
 (2) It contains more than 100 pet carbon monoxide, 
 
 (3) It contains more than 0.5 pet carbon dioxide, 
 
 (4) It contains more than 1 pet methane, or 
 
 (5) It is contaminated with dust or with noxious or poisonous 
 gases in excess of accepted limits as established by the 
 director of the Division of Mine Inspection (L.1959 S.B. 188 
 Par. 13). 
 
 293.130: Mine railroad equipment and operating requirements — gasoline engines 
 limited. 
 
 (1) Gasoline engines shall not be used underground unless equipped 
 with proper safeguards to prevent the emissions of gases that 
 cause a contamination of the air beyond the limits set forth in 
 Section 293.120. 
 
 REGULATIONS, TITLE 8, Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, Division 
 30, Division of Labor Standards. 
 
 Chapter 2: Mining Rules 
 
 30-2.020: Standard Practices for Safety and Operations 
 
 (24) Internal combustion engines, except diesels, shall be shut 
 off and stopped before being fueled. 
 
 Note: The State mining laws do not apply to limestone workings; 
 gasoline-powered equipment is, accordingly, found in limestone mines. 
 
 MONTANA 
 
 Contact : Bureau of Safety and Health 
 
 815 Front St. 
 
 Helena, Mon. 59601 
 
 406/449-3403 
 
 50-46.71 Nonpermisslble Internal Combustion Engines 
 
 Nonpermissible Internal combustion engines or other machinery which gives 
 off noxious fumes may not be permitted underground in any coal mine. 
 
42 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 Montana Safety and Health Standards for Metal and Nonmetallic Mining and 
 Related Industries, January 1972. 
 
 MT 57.4 Fire Prevention 
 
 MT57.4-52 Mandatory 
 
 Gasoline shall not be taken, stored, or used underground except in 
 permissible flame safety lamps. 
 
 MT57.53 Mandatory 
 
 The use of liquefied petroleum gases shall be limited to maintenance 
 work. 
 
 MT57.4-54 Mandatory 
 
 Oil, grease, or diesel fuel stored underground shall be kept in suit- 
 able tightly sealed containers in fire-resistant areas, at safe 
 distances from explosives magazines, electrical installations and 
 shaft stations. 
 
 MT57.21 Gassy Mines 
 
 Equipment 
 
 MT57. 21-76 Mandatory 
 
 Diesel-powered equipment shall not be taken into or operated in places 
 where flammable gas exceeds 1.0 pet at any point not less than 
 12 inches from the back, face and rib. 
 
 NEBRASKA 
 
 Contact : Nebraska Department of Labor 
 
 Division of Safety 
 
 5404 Cedar St. 
 
 Omaha, Nebr. 68106 
 
 402/475-8451 
 
 402/471-2239 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Nebraska presently has no underground 
 mines. 
 
43 
 
 NEVADA 
 
 Contact ; Nevada Industrial Commission 
 
 515 East Musser St. 
 Carson City, Nev. 89714 
 702/885-5243 
 
 Coal, Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 State of Nevada Health and Safety Standards. 
 
 Part 1: Open Pit or Underground Metal and Nonmetallic Mines and Sand, Gravel 
 and Crushed Stone Operations, August 1975. 
 
 5. Air Quality, Ventilation and Radiation 
 
 Air Quality 
 
 5-a Mandatory 
 
 The operator of every mine, whether operated by shaft, stope or 
 drift, shall provide and maintain for every such mine a good and 
 sufficient amount of ventilation for such men as may be employed 
 therein and shall cause an adequate amount of pure air to circulate 
 through and into all shafts, winzes, levels, and all working places 
 of such mine. 
 
 5-b Mandatory 
 
 Atmospheres where persons work (including equipment cabs) shall 
 contain: 
 
 (1) at least 20 pet oxygen, 
 
 (2) not more than 0.0005 pet carbon monoxide, 0.5 pet carbon 
 dioxide, and 5 ppm nitrogen dioxide or other threshold limit 
 values for these gases adopted by the American Conference of 
 Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 
 
 (3) no harmful quantities of other gases, fumes, or mists as 
 determined by threshold limit values established by the 
 American Conference of Governmetal Industrial Hygienists. 
 
 5-f Mandatory 
 
 (1) Internal combustion engines shall not be used underground 
 
 unless, after application filed with the Inspector of Mines, he 
 finds that the particular type of equipment for the use of 
 which application if (sic) filed has been approved for under- 
 ground work by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, and the atmospheric 
 conditions in the underground workings where the equipment is 
 to be used are such that the operation of such equipment will 
 not endanger the health or safety of any employee. 
 
44 
 
 (2) If the application to use an internal combustion engine under- 
 ground be approved by the Inspector of Mines, the designated 
 equipment shall be used only if and so long as it is operated 
 and maintained in accordance with recommendations made public 
 from time to time by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, and only upon 
 the condition that whenever safe conditions of air quality are 
 not maintained, operation of the equipment shall be stopped by 
 the operator until proper conditions of air quality are again 
 established, either by increasing ventilation or by correcting 
 mechanical imperfections in the equipment, whichever is found 
 to be the cause of the undesirable conditions. 
 
 Part 7: Underground Metal and Nonmetal Mines. 
 
 4. Fire Prevention and Control 
 
 4-21 Mandatory 
 
 Equipment powered by internal combustion engines (except diesel 
 engines), where the fuel tank is an integral part of the equipment, 
 shall be shut off and stopped before being fueled. 
 
 4-46 Mandatory 
 
 Gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied petroleum gases, and other flam- 
 mable liquids, when not buried, shall not be stored within 100 ft of 
 the following: 
 
 (a) Mine openings 
 
 (b) Buildings or snowsheds connected to mine openings 
 
 (c) Fan installations or housings 
 
 (d) Hoist houses 
 
 4-52 Mandatory 
 
 Gasoline shall not be stored underground, but may be used only to 
 power internal combustion engines in non-gassy mines that have mul- 
 tiple horizontal or inclined roadways from the surface large enough 
 to accommodate vehicular traffic. Roadways and other openings shall 
 be connected with another opening every 100 ft by a passage large 
 enough to accommodate any vehicle in the mine. 
 
 4-54 Mandatory 
 
 Oil, grease, or diesel fuel stored underground shall be kept in 
 suitable tightly sealed containers in fire-resistant area, at safe 
 distances from explosives magazines, electrical installations, and 
 shaft stations. 
 
45 
 
 19. Man Hoisting 
 Hoists 
 
 19.13 Mandatory 
 
 When any dlesel or similar fuel-lnjectlon engine Is used to power a 
 hoist, the engine shall be equipped with a damper or other cut-off 
 In Its air Intake system. The control handle shall be clearly 
 labeled to Indicate that Its Intended function Is for emergency 
 stopping only. 
 
 21. Gassy Mines 
 Equipment 
 
 21.76 Mandatory 
 
 Diesel-powered equipment shall not be taken Into, or operated In, 
 places where flammable gas exceeds 1.0 pet at any point not less than 
 12 Inches from the back, face, and rib. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Contact : Director 
 
 Department of Resources and Economic Development 
 
 Forest and Lands 
 
 Box 856 
 
 Concord, N.H. 03301 
 
 603/271-2214 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of Internal combus- 
 tion engines In underground mines. New Hampshire presently has no underground 
 mines. 
 
 NEW JERSEY 
 
 Contact ; Bureau of Engineering and Safety 
 
 Box 2191 
 
 Trenton, N.J. 08625 
 
 609/292-2121 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. New Jersey has adopted Federal underground 
 mining regulations for coal, metal, and nonmetal mines. 
 
46 
 
 NEW MEXICO 
 
 Contact ; State Mine Inspector 
 
 State of New Mexico 
 
 2340 Menual NE, Suite 106 
 
 Albuquerque, N.M. 87107 
 
 505/842-3055 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 New Mexico Mine Safety code for all mines including open cut and open pit. 
 
 Article 14: Ventilation and Gases in Coal Mines 
 
 63-14-15. Air Unfit for Working — Determination 
 
 The air in any unsealed place shall be considered unfit for human 
 beings if it shall be found to contain less than 19 pet oxygen, 
 more than 1 pet carbon dioxide or a harmful amount of poisonous 
 gas, and mine workers shall be prohibited from working in such 
 place except for the purpose of rendering it safe and fit. 
 (57.21-26M) 
 
 Rules Governing Diesel Equipment in Underground Mines for the State of New 
 Mexico. 
 
 1. Diesel-powered equipment shall be equipped with a stainless steel exhaust 
 gas conditioner which will reduce toxic gases to a minimum before they are 
 released into the mine atmosphere. (Except that if limestone and water 
 are used, scrubber may be of carbon steel.) 
 
 2. The use of diesel-powered equipment shall be restricted to haulage or 
 other working places where positive ventilation is maintained by mechan- 
 ical means. 
 
 3. If possible, the ventilation in places where diesel equipment is used 
 shall be arranged so that the air carrying exhaust gases from the engine 
 is returned to the main return airways without traversing active working 
 places. 
 
 4. The quantity of ventilating air supplied must be adequate to dilute all 
 toxic gases of engine exhaust. 
 
 (b) At least 75 cu ft/min of fresh air must be supplied per brake horse- 
 power developc d at a maximum rated speed and maximum load by diesel 
 engine. This amount is in addition to the amount required for normal 
 ventilation. 
 
47 
 
 5. The air supplied for ventilation in connection with the use of diesel 
 equipment underground should contain at least 20 pet oxygen, less than 
 0.25 pet inflammable gas, and less than 0.5 pet carbon dioxide. (57.21- 
 76M) 
 
 6. The air of places in which diesel-powered equipment is used shall be exam- 
 ined at frequent intervals to determine that the composition of intake air 
 is within the limits given in Rule No. 5, and the concentration of other 
 contaminants, such as CO^, CO, NOg , added to the air by the equipment, is 
 within the safe limits. 
 
 According to the U.S. Bureau of Mines, concentration of gases -".onsidered 
 permissible in working areas are as follows: 
 
 COa not more than 0.5 vol-pct 
 CO not more than 0.005 vol-pct or 50 ppm 
 NO2 not more than 0.0005 vol-pct or 5 ppm 
 O2 not less than 20 vol-pct 
 
 Aldehydes and smoke are self-evident if present in objectionable quanti- 
 ties and need not be determined by analysis. 
 
 7. Diesel engines of equipment shall be equipped with battery-powered start- 
 ers rather than gasoline. Gasoline underground presents a fire hazard 
 and is, of course, highly explosive. 
 
 8. A CO2 fire extinguisher shall be carried at all times with each diesel- 
 powered equipment. 
 
 9. A suitable carbon monoxide (CO) tester shall be provided and all diesel 
 units shall be tested for CO at frequent intervals. Tests shall be made 
 by a competent person and the results of tests recorded. 
 
 10. From observation and numerous tests made, if solution used in a gas con- 
 ditioner consists of sodium sulfite, hydroquinine, and water, this solu- 
 tion must be changed at the end of eight hours of actual operation. If 
 mineral briquets are used in a gas conditioner, the conditioner must be 
 serviced once each week, the water changed, and a domplete inspection 
 made. A written report of conditions should be made and kept. 
 
 11. The conditioner must so treat the exhaust gas so that when it issues into 
 the mine atmosphere the temperature will not exceed 180° F. 
 
 12. Before being placed in use underground, each diesel unit must be 
 inspected and approved by the state inspector of mines, or a deputy state 
 inspector of mines. 
 
A8 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 Contact ; State of New York 
 
 Department of Labor 
 
 Division of Safety and Health 
 
 Room 111, Building 12 
 
 State Office Building Campus 
 
 Albany, N.Y. 122A0 
 
 518/457-2810 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 Underground Mining Operations: Part 31 of Title 12 of the Official 
 Compilation of Codes, Rules and Regulations of the State of New York (cited as 
 12 NYC RR 31), May 1, 1974. 
 
 31.3 General Provisions 
 
 (v) Internal Combustion Engines 
 
 Internal combustion engines shall not be used underground unless such 
 is acceptable to the commissioner. 
 
 31.14 Fire Prevention and Control 
 
 (b) Restriction of Ignition Sources 
 
 5. Fueling of vehicles. Vehicles with internal combustion engines, 
 except diesel engines, shall be shut off and stopped before being 
 fueled. 
 
 31.18 Personnel Hoisting 
 
 (b) Hoists 
 
 10. Diesel-powered hoists emergency stopping. Every diesel or similar 
 fuel-injection engine used to power a personnel hoist shall be 
 equipped with a damper or other cut-off device in its air intake 
 system. The control handle for such damper or cut-off device shall 
 be clearly labeled to indicate that its intended function is for 
 emergency stopping only. (Effective Sept. 1, 1975) 
 
 31.23 Gassy Mines 
 
 (e) Equipment 
 
 1. General 
 
 (i) Only permissible equipment maintained in permissible condition 
 shall be used beyond the last open crosscut or in places where 
 dangerous quantities of flammable gas may be present or may 
 enter the air current. 
 
49 
 
 2. Diesel-powered equipment. Diesel-powered equipment shall not be 
 taken into or operated in places where flammable gas exceeds 
 1.0 pet at any point not less than 12 inches from the back, face 
 and rib. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 Contact ; Mine and Quarry Division 
 
 North Carolina Department of Labor 
 
 Raleigh, N.C. 27407 
 
 919/733-7428 
 
 Coal, Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. North Carolina has adopted Federal under- 
 ground mining regulations for coal, metal, and nonmetal mines. 
 
 NORTH DAKOTA 
 
 Contact ; Workmen's Compensation Bureau 
 
 Russel Bldg., Highway 83 North 
 
 Bismarck, N. Dak. 58501 
 
 701/224-2700 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 Surface Coal Mine Safety Rules for North Dakota Mines, November 18, 1971. 
 
 M. 11 General 
 
 M. 11.2 All motor vehicles and equipment shall be shut down with igni- 
 tion off prior to and during refueling operations, except on 
 diesel equipment having the fuel tank remotely located with 
 respect to the engine. No smoking shall be permitted during 
 refueling. 
 
 M.17 Fire Protection 
 
 M. 17.7 Internal combustion engines shall be stopped and ignition shall 
 be in the "off" position during refueling, except on diesel 
 equipment having the fuel tank remotely located with respect to 
 the engine. 
 
 OHIO 
 
 Contact ; Ohio Division of Mines 
 
 2323 West 5th Ave. 
 
 Box 825 
 
 Columbus, Ohio 43216 
 
 614/446-4240 
 
50 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 Mining Laws of Ohio, 1977, Department of Industrial Relations, Division of 
 Mines. 
 
 Chapter 4157 
 
 Mine Equipment: Safety Regulations 
 
 Section 4157.35: Use of gasoline, naphtha, and oil in mines. No gasoline, 
 
 naphtha, kerosene, fuel oil, or gas engines shall be used in 
 a mine, except for operating pumping machinery where elec- 
 tric, compressed air or steampower is not available or can- 
 not be transmitted to the pump, in which case the owner, 
 lessee, or agent shall observe the following: 
 
 (c) The supply tank from which the gasoline, naphtha, kero- 
 sene, or fuel oil is fed to the engine, shall be of 
 metal, with a suitable screw cap opening, fitted with a 
 gasket, so as to make the tank airtight and prevent 
 escape of gas into the atmosphere, and the tank kept 
 free from leaks. 
 
 (d) The gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, or fuel oil shall be 
 fed from a tank to the carburetor or mixer by metal 
 tubes securely connected so as to reduce the possibil- 
 ity of leaks to a minimum. 
 
 (e) The exhaust from the engine shall be conducted by means 
 of metal pipes into the return air current, so that the 
 combustion fumes will not enter the workings of the 
 mine where the men are required to work, or be con- 
 ducted in an upcast shaft or slope not used as a means 
 of ingress or egress or through metal pipes to the 
 surface. 
 
 (f) At no time shall more than 5 gallons of such gasoline, 
 naphtha, kerosene, or fuel oil be taken into the mine, 
 including that in the supply tank. 
 
 (g) No gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, or fuel oil shall be 
 taken into the mine except in metallic cans, with screw 
 cap opening at the top, fitted with a suitable gasket. 
 
 (h) No package, can, or supply tank of an engine, contain- 
 ing gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, or fuel oil, shall be 
 opened until ready to make the transfer from the pack- 
 age or can to the supply tank, and in transferring, a 
 funnel shall be used so as to avoid spilling the gas- 
 oline, naphtha, kerosene or fuel oil, and the cap on 
 the supply tank shall be immediately closed. 
 
51 
 
 (i) In no case shall the package, can, or supply tank be 
 opened when an open light or other things containing 
 fire is within 25 ft of the same, provided that subject 
 to the approval of the chief, the restrictions in the 
 use of fuel oil in a mine shall not apply to mobile or 
 portable machinery, if such mobile or portable machin- 
 ery is used in a clay, limestone, shale, or any other 
 mine not a coal mine. 
 
 No owner, lessee, agent, or operator of a mine shall 
 violate this section. Penalty, A157.99. 
 
 OKLAHOMA 
 
 Contact ; State of Oklahoma 
 
 Department of Mines 
 
 4040 Lincoln, Suite 107 
 
 Oklahoma City, Okla. 73105 
 
 405/521-3859 
 
 Coal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal 
 combustion engines in underground coal mines. 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 Mining Laws of the State of Oklahoma, 1973. 
 
 Par. 441: Use of engines equipped for detoxification permitted — Approval of 
 use — Inspections — Suspension or discontinuance of use. 
 
 The use of diesel engines equipped for detoxification in accordance 
 with rules and regulations promulgated by the U.S. Bureau of Mines 
 may be used (sic) in lead, zinc, and other metal mines in this 
 state, provided, the use of such engine or engines in any such mine 
 is first found to be safe for the miners who work in said mine, by 
 the Assistant Mine Inspector, and such finding is approved by the 
 Chief Mine Inspector and provided, further, that the diesel engine 
 or engines and the safety equipment thereon to be used in any such 
 mine shall also have been approved for use in such mine, by the 
 Assistant Mine Inspector, and such finding is approved by the Chief 
 Mine Inspector. The Assistant Mine Inspector and the Chief Mine 
 Inspector, in issuing any such approval, shall follow the rules, 
 regulations, and recommendations of the U.S. Bureau of Mines. The 
 Assistant Mine Inspector shall make periodic inspections to deter- 
 mine whether such engines in such mines are emitting fumes which 
 make it unsafe for such engines to be used. The Assistant Mine 
 Inspector or the Chief Mine Inspector shall have the authority to 
 order that conditions be remedied and to suspend the use of such 
 engines in any mine, or to order the discontinuance altogether of 
 such engines in any such mine. Such orders shall be enforced as 
 other orders of such officers are enforced. 
 
52 
 
 Par. 442: Use of engines not meeting standards prohibited. 
 
 It shall be unlawful to use or to order or permit the use of diesel 
 engines in any lead, zinc or other metal mine in this state at any 
 time which is not equipped with detoxification equipment and other 
 safety devices meeting the standards set forth. 
 
 OREGON 
 
 Contact ; Workmen's Compensation Board 
 
 Accident Prevention Division 
 
 Labor and Industrial Boulevard 
 
 Salem, Oreg. 97310 
 
 530/378-3272 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines and Tunneling 
 
 Oregon Safety Code for Places of Employment, Chapter 24, Safety Code for 
 Mining, Tunneling and Quarrying, 1962. 
 
 Section V: Ventilation Requirements 
 
 24-5-19: Workmen shall not be required to work in any atmosphere which con- 
 tains hazardous gas or vapor in excess of the maximum allowable 
 concentrations as shown in the following table: 
 
 Name of Gas or Vapor 
 
 Ammonia 
 
 Benzene 
 
 Carbon Dioxide 
 
 Carbon Monoxide 
 
 Chlorine 
 
 Gasoline 
 
 Hydrogen Cyanide 
 
 Hydrogen Sulphide 
 
 Naphtha (Petroleum) 
 
 Nitrogen Oxides (Total)., 
 
 Nitrogen Dioxide 
 
 Radon and "Daughters"..., 
 
 Parts per Million 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 5,000 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 500 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 500 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 300 micro-microcuries per liter of air 
 
 Diesel Equipment 
 
 24-5-26: The use of diesel equipment underground will be permitted, 
 providing the following regulations are met: 
 
 (a) The diesel engine shall be equipped with an exhaust condi- 
 tioner which will treat the exhaust gas so that when it 
 issues into the mine atmosphere, the temperature of the 
 exhaust gas will not exceed 180° F at any time during a four- 
 hour shift. 
 
53 
 
 (b) The conditioner shall be large enough to hold sufficient 
 water at all times. Water in the conditioner is to be com- 
 pletely drained and replenished once every shift, and the 
 conditioner must be checked, serviced and cleaned once each 
 week, or more often if necessary. 
 
 (c) There shall be sufficient fresh air supplied so that there 
 will be a minimum of 100 cu ft/min of free air for each brake 
 horsepower in addition to the 100 cu ft/min of air required 
 per person. 
 
 (d) Working areas in which diesels are used shall be examined 
 frequently and air samples taken to determine the mine 
 atmosphere. 
 
 (e) Operation of diesel equipment shall immediately cease when 
 concentrations of any one of these gases are found to exceed 
 the following amounts: 
 
 1. Carbon monoxide — 0.01 vol-pct (100 ppm) 
 
 2. Carbon dioxide — 0.5 vol-pct (5,000 ppm) 
 
 3. Oxides of nitrogen (total) — 0.0025 vol-pct (25 ppm) 
 
 4. Aldehydes — 0.001 vol-pct (10 ppm) 
 
 5. Nitrogen dioxide — 0.005 vol-pct (5ppm) 
 
 (f) Diesel equipment shall not be operated during any time when 
 ventilating fans are shut down. 
 
 (g) At least once each week an inspection of the diesel engine 
 exhaust conditioner must be made and any necessary repairs 
 made. 
 
 (h) Diesel engines shall not be operated when flammable gas 
 (methane) is found to exceed 1.25 vol-pct of air. 
 
 (i) Oil used as fuel for diesels underground shall have a flash 
 point of not less than 140° F, and the sulphur content shall 
 not be greater than 0.5 of 1.0 wt-pct. Fuels with a heavy 
 asphalt base shall not be used. 
 
 (j) Only sufficient fuel oil for one shift shall be taken under- 
 ground. Suitable strong, sealed metal containers shall be 
 used for this purpose, and the empty containers removed 
 immediately from underground locations. 
 
 (k) The diesel engine fuel tank shall be filled by means of 
 
 direct transfer only. Where possible, any oil spilled shall 
 be taken up at once and deposited in a fireproof receptacle 
 which shall be removed to an above ground location daily. 
 
 Editorial Note ; Regulations are still in force, but there is presently no 
 enforcement by State agency. 
 
54 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 Contact ; Department of Environmental Resources 
 
 Box 2063 
 
 914 Executive House 
 
 Second and Chestnut 
 
 Harrisburg, Pa. 17120 
 
 717/787-1376 
 
 Coal Mines 
 
 Bituminous Coal Mining Laws of Pennsylvania for Underground Mines, 1961. 
 
 Article II: 
 
 L. Transportation 
 
 Section 269: Underground Equipment; Use and Maintenance 
 
 (b) Underground equipment powered by internal combustion 
 engines using petroleum products, alcohol, or any other 
 compound shall not be used in a coal mine unless such 
 equipment has been approved by the secretary for under- 
 ground use in bituminous coal mines. 
 
 (c) Locomotives, mine cars, supply cars, shuttle cars, and 
 all other haulage equipment shall be maintained in a 
 safe operating condition. 
 
 Article VI: 
 
 Auger Mining 
 
 Section 603: Special Requirements 
 
 (1) Internal combustion engines in the vicinity of auger 
 holes shall be stopped while auger holes are being 
 inspected. 
 
 (s) Exhaust gases from internal combustion engines shall be 
 conducted away from auger holes and the working area 
 for the protection of the workmen and to prevent igni- 
 tions of gas or dust emanating from such holes. 
 
 (t) Exhausts shall be equipped with mufflers to reduce 
 
 noise, guarded where necessary to prevent burns, and 
 extended at least to the height of the machinery. 
 
55 
 
 Article VII: 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Section 705: Specific Repeals 
 
 (a) The following Acts and all amendments thereof are 
 repealed absolutely: 
 
 8. The act of December 28, 1951 (P.L. 1801), entitled 
 "An Act Regulating the Use of Machinery Powered by 
 Internal Combustion Engines or Motors in Coal 
 Mines" 
 
 Editorial Note : Phone contact has revealed that no permits are issued to 
 operators to allow diesel-powered equipment in coal seams 
 underground, but their use in rock tunnels as part of 
 coal mines may be permitted. 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground metal and nonmetal mines. Pennsylvania has 
 adopted Federal underground mining regulations for metal and nonmetal mines. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND 
 
 Contact ; Rhode Island Department of Labor 
 
 235 Promenade St. 
 
 Providence, R.I. 02908 
 
 401/277-2734 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Rhode Island presently has no underground 
 mines. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA 
 
 Contact : South Carolina Department of Labor 
 
 Division of Occupational Health and Safety 
 
 Landmark Center 
 
 Box 11329 
 
 Columbia, S.C. 29204 
 
 803/758-3080 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. South Carolina presently has no under- 
 ground mines. 
 
56 
 
 SOUTH DAKOTA 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal 
 combustion engines in underground mines. South Dakota has adopted Federal 
 underground mining regulations for coal, metal, and nonmetal mines. 
 
 Editorial Note ; There is no State agency regulating mining. 
 
 TENNESSEE 
 
 Contact ; Department of Labor 
 
 Division of Mines 
 Box 124 
 Caryville, Tenn. 37714 
 615/562-4914 
 
 Coal Mines 
 
 Mines and Mining, Laws and Regulations (Title 58), Tennessee Department of 
 Labor. 
 
 Chapter 7; Commercial Coal Mines — Ventilation 
 
 58-705; Quality of Air 
 
 (a) Air in which men work or travel in mines shall be improved 
 when it contains less than 19.5 pet oxygen, more than 
 0.5 pet carbon dioxide, or is contaminated with noxious or 
 poisonous gases. 
 
 Chapter 8: Commercial Coal Mines — Transportation in Mines 
 
 58-806: Internal Combustion Engines Prohibited 
 
 Internal combustion engines or other machinery which gives 
 off noxious fumes shall not be permitted underground in any 
 coal mine. 
 
 Chapter 11: Mines Other Than Commercial Coal Mines — General Regulations 
 
 58-1114: Diesel Equipment Underground 
 
 Diesel equipment equipped for detoxification may be used in 
 mines in this state; provided the use of such engine or 
 engines in any such mine is first found to be safe for the 
 miners who work in said mine, by the Chief Mine Inspector, 
 and provided further, that the diesel engine or engines and 
 the safety equipment thereon to be used in any such mine 
 shall also have been approved for use in such mine by the 
 Chief Mine Inspector. 
 
57 
 
 1978, A Cumulative Supplement — Laws and Regulations Governing Mines and Mining 
 in Tennessee (Title 58), Tennessee Department of Labor, Division of Mines. 
 
 58-705: Quality of Air 
 
 (a) All active underground working places shall be ventilated by 
 a current of air containing not less than 19.5 pet of oxy- 
 gen, not more than 0.5 pet of carbon dioxide, and no harmful 
 quantities of other noxious or poisonous gases. 
 
 58-806: Internal Combustion Engines Prohibited 
 
 Haulage equipment kept in safe operating condition — 
 Internal combustion engines or other machinery which gives off 
 noxious fumes shall not be permitted underground in any coal 
 mine. Locomotives, mine cars, shuttle cars, supply cars, convey- 
 ors, and all other haulage equipment shall be maintained in a 
 safe operating condition. Acts 1951, Ch. 245, Par. 47 
 (Williams, Par. 5615): 1957, Ch. 253, Par 21. 
 
 58-1507: Stop Operations — Maintenance of Pits 
 
 (n) Auger Mining 
 
 6. The exhaust pipe from the motor which operates the 
 
 hydraulic system shall be extended to prevent exhaust 
 fumes from contacting the operator. The exhaust pipe 
 shall be guarded so as to protect persons from being 
 burned by contact. 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground metal and nonmetal mines. Tennessee has adopted 
 Federal underground mining regulations for metal and nonmetal mines. 
 
 TEXAS 
 
 Contact ; State of Texas 
 
 Land Resources 
 
 1700 North Congress 
 
 Austin, Tex. 78701 
 
 512/475-6491 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Texas has adopted Federal underground min- 
 ing regulations for coal, metal, and nonmetal mines. 
 
58 
 
 UTAH 
 
 Contact : Utah State Coal Mine Inspector 
 
 Diesel Permits 
 
 79 West 4th South 
 
 Price, Utah 84501 
 
 801/637-3051 
 
 Coal Mines 
 
 General Safety Orders Cover Coal Mining Operations in the State of Utah, 
 effective January 1, 1976. 
 
 Section 40: Coursing of Air 
 
 (a) All active underground working places in a mine shall be 
 ventilated by a current of air containing not less than 
 19.5 pet of oxygen, not more than 0.5 pet of carbon dioxide, 
 and no harmful quantities of other noxious or poisonous 
 gases. 
 
 (b) Diesel-powered equipment may be used underground In well- 
 ventilated areas, provided a permit to use such equipment is 
 obtained from the Industrial Commision of Utah. 
 
 Application forms are provided by the Commission. A permit 
 is required for each unit. 
 
 (c) Wherever diesel engines are used underground, there shall be 
 a minimum of 150 cu ft/min of air flow for each brake horse- 
 power of diesel engine in operation. Ventilation and oper- 
 ating conditions shall be such that atmospheric contaminants 
 do not exceed the following tolerable limits: 
 
 Carbon dioxide — not more than 0.5 vol-pct 
 Carbon monoxide — not more than 0.01 vol-pct 
 Oxides of nitrogen — not more than 0.0025 vol-pct 
 
 (d) Diesel engine exhaust gases shall pass through a water con- 
 ditioner before discharging into the mine atmosphere. The 
 water must be drained from the scrubber and replenished once 
 each working shift. 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 Contact : The Industrial Commission of Utah 
 
 350 E. 500 South 
 Salt Lake City, Utah 84111 
 801/533-5711 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 State of Utah Metal and Nonmetal Mine Health and Safety Standards. 
 
59 
 
 Section 19: Ventilation 
 
 B. Diesel-Powered Equipment Used Underground 
 
 1. Diesel-powered equipment may be used underground in well-ventilated 
 areas, providing a permit to use each equipment is obtained from the 
 Industrial Commission of Utah. Application forms are provided by the 
 Commission. A permit is required for each unit. 
 
 2. Wherever diesel engines are used underground, there shall be a minimum 
 of 150 cu ft/min of air flow for each brake horsepower of diesel 
 engine in operation. Ventilation and operating conditions shall be 
 such that atmospheric contaminants do not exceed the threshold limit 
 values as established by the latest edition of the American Conference 
 of Industrial Hygienists. 
 
 3. Where a fire hazard exists, engine exhaust gas shall be effectively 
 cooled with a scrubber, flame arrester, or other means. 
 
 VERMONT 
 
 Contact : Department of Labor and Industry 
 
 State Office Building 
 
 Montpelier, Vt. 05603 
 
 802/828-2286 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 There are no known State regulations pertaining to the use of internal combus- 
 tion engines in underground mines. Vermont has adopted Federal underground 
 mining regulations for coal, metal, and nonmetal mines. 
 
 VIRGINIA 
 
 Contact : Division of Mines and Quarries 
 
 Virginia Department of Labor and Industries 
 219 Wood Ave. 
 Big Stone Gap, Va. 24219 
 703/523-0335 
 
 Coal Mines 
 
 Conditions of Permit Pursuant to Section 45.1-90(b) Code of Virginia, as 
 amended. 
 
 Underground Coal Mine Usage of Diesel Equipment 
 
 Necessity and Function: This regulation is to permit the use of diesel- 
 powered equipment in underground mines for the purpose of reducing the number 
 of electrocutions and mine fires from electrical cables. 
 
60 
 
 Section 1. General Requirements for the Use of Diesel Equipment 
 
 (1) Only diesel equipment bearing approval plates of permissibility 
 issued by the Federal Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration 
 and approved for use by the Virginia Division of Mines and Quarries 
 will be allowed in underground coal mines of the State. No diesel- 
 powered machinery may be taken into any underground coal mine of the 
 State of Virginia without the written approval of the Chief of the 
 Division of Mines and Quarries. The approval for use shall incor- 
 porate all the requirements of these regulations. If at any time 
 the Chief determines that any condition or practice peirmitted under 
 this approval may threaten the health or safety of the employees, he 
 may impose additional requirements for the purpose of eliminating 
 the condition or practice. 
 
 (2) If technical, scientific or engineering information is gained indi- 
 cating that approved diesel machinery may be used in a manner which 
 will afford workmen equal or greater protection than afforded by 
 the provisions of these regulations, the Chief may approve the use 
 of the machinery in the manner which provides equal or greater 
 protection. 
 
 (3) Mining Enforcement and Safety Admininstration approval of the per- 
 missibility of mobile diesel-powered transportation equipment 
 (herein-after referred to as diesel machine (s)) means only that the 
 particular machine has met certain specific requirements of design 
 and performance, but such approval does not guarantee that it is 
 impossible to use a permissible machine in an unsafe manner. The 
 manufacturer must develop equipment that will meet the particular 
 requirements for approval, but it is the user's responsibility to 
 see that the equipment is maintained in permissible condition and is 
 used in a permissible manner. In addition to proper maintenance, 
 the use of diesel machines underground involves certain other fac- 
 tors, such as ventilation, which are of equal importance in estab- 
 lishing safe operating conditions. It is absolutely essential to 
 observe the requirements of these regulations in operating and main- 
 taining such machines to avoid impairing their permissible status 
 and thus defeat the protective features that are necessary for their 
 safe use. 
 
 (4) Engine adjustments shall be verified by the manufacturer as being 
 correct before each permissible diesel machine is operated in a coal 
 mine. 
 
 (5) Alteration in design, substitution of components or subassemblies, 
 or changes in conditions of operating permissible diesel machines 
 shall not be made without prior concurrence of the Virginia Division 
 of Mines and Quarries and the Mining Enforcement and Safety Admini- 
 stration. When such changes are permitted, additional engine tests 
 and adjustments shall be required as necessary to ensure the safe 
 operation of the particular machine in a coal mine. 
 
61 
 
 Section 2. Proper Ventilation to be Maintained for the Mines in Which Diesel- 
 Powered Equipment is Used. 
 
 (1) The use of diesel machines underground shall be restricted to haul- 
 ageways and working places where positive (controlled flow) ventila- 
 tion is maintained. 
 
 (2) The ventilating air in all mine workings where diesel machines are 
 operated shall not contain combustible or other contaminating gases 
 in such concentration that will affect combustion in the diesel 
 engine by materially increasing production of toxic (poisonous) or 
 other objectionable constituents in the engine exhaust. 
 
 (3) Each set of producing entries in which diesel-powered equipment is 
 used shall be placed on a separate split of air. 
 
 Section 3. In Mines Using Diesel-Powered Equipment the Quantity of 
 Ventilating Air Must Meet the Following Standards: 
 
 (1) In addition to the amount of air required by the Virginia Mining 
 Law, at least 17,000 cu ft/min of air shall be provided for each 
 diesel unit used in a working section of a mine. The air measure- 
 ment shall be taken in the last open entry crosscut. If these loca- 
 tions cannot be used due to pillaring, the measurements shall be 
 taken at the intake and return of the section. The quantity of ven- 
 tilating air shall be adequate to dilute the toxic and/or objection- 
 able constituents of the engine exhaust so that the composition of 
 the air in each haulageway and working place connected thereto will 
 meet authoritative standards for safe, healthful working 
 environment. 
 
 (2) The minimum quantity of ventilating air that must be supplied for a 
 permissible diesel machine in a given time shall conform to that 
 shown on the approval plate attached to the particular machine. 
 
 (3) The quantity of ventilating air in mine workings where diesel 
 machines are operated shall be measured once during each working 
 shift and a record of each measurement shall be kept in a book pro- 
 vided for this purpose. 
 
 (4) No person shall incorporate any device in the exhaust system of a 
 permissible diesel machine that has not been approved in the tests 
 that determine the permissiblity of the machine. 
 
 Section 4. Maintaining Proper Quality Air in Mines That Use Diesel-Powered 
 Equipment. 
 
 (1) The air supplied for ventilation where diesel machines are used in 
 coal mines shall contain not less than 20.5 vol-pct of oxygen (dry 
 basis) and not more than 1.0 vol-pct of methane. 
 
62 
 
 (2) The ventilating air in working places where diesel machines are 
 operated shall be sampled and analyzed chemically often enough to 
 assure that the composition of the engine intake air conforms with 
 requirements stated in subsection (1) of this section and that the 
 concentrations of contaminants, such as carbon dioxide, carbon mon- 
 oxide, and oxides of nitrogen, when added to the ventilating air by 
 the diesel-engine exhaust, shall meet authoritative standards for 
 safe, healthful working environment. 
 
 (3) Ventilation and machine-operating conditions shall maintain the com- 
 position of the air in the pertinent mine workings so that the tol- 
 erable limits stated in subsections (1) and (2) of this section will 
 not be exceeded. 
 
 (4) Diesel-engine exhaust shall not contain black smoke. 
 
 (5) When the conditions of the quality of air stated in subsections (1), 
 (2), and (3) of this section are not maintained, as determined by 
 analysis or other observation, operation of diesel machines shall be 
 stopped until the requirements of air quality are complied with. 
 
 (6) Records shall be kept of all air analyses and of any change(s) in 
 ventilation or diesel engine adjustment resulting from the analyses. 
 
 Section 5. Maintenance of Diesel Machines to be Maintained According to the 
 Following Rules: 
 
 (1) The maintenance of diesel machines in permissible condition shall be 
 delegated only to authorized, competent persons. 
 
 (2) Engine intake and exhaust systems shall be inspected visually at 
 least once each working shift. Other diesel machine components 
 shall be inspected in accordance with instruction of the manufac- 
 turer. Records shall be kept of the inspections. 
 
 (3) Maintenance, inspection and repair work shall be done In accordance 
 with instructions of the manufacturer. Records shall be kept of 
 maintenance, inspection and repair work. 
 
 Section 6. The Maintenance of the Engine-Fuel-Injection System. 
 
 (1) Injection valves: 
 
 (a) Injectio 1 valves shall be maintained in proper operating condi- 
 tion. Particular attention shall be given to preventing imper- 
 fect atomization or distribution of the fuel. 
 
 (b) Replacement of worn or broken injection valves shall be identi- 
 cal with those on the engine when the diesel machine was 
 approved as permissible. 
 
63 
 
 (2) Fuel pump: 
 
 (a) The engine fuel pump shall be sealed or locked to prevent tamp- 
 ering. The seal shall be broken only by an authorized compe- 
 tent person, when necessary to reset the fuel pump, after which 
 the pump shall be resealed. 
 
 (b) Resetting of the stop limiting maximum fuel injection of the 
 fuel pump shall be identical with the original setting provided 
 by the manufacturer. 
 
 (c) Each shop or facility in which diesel engines are serviced 
 shall be provided with equipment for properly measuring the 
 quantity of fuel delivered by the fuel pump when operating at 
 maximum fuel setting, or such adjustments shall be made only by 
 a competent diesel service organization where such equipment is 
 available. 
 
 (d) The fuel pump shall be set to deliver the maximum weight of 
 fuel specified in the certifications provided by the Mining 
 Enforcement and Safety Administration and the Virginia Division 
 of Mines and Quarries. 
 
 (e) When operating a diesel engine at altitudes exceeding 1,000 ft 
 above sea level, the maximum quantity of fuel injected by the 
 fuel pump shall be set in accordance with the liquid fuel 
 rate/altitude table provided in the manufacturer's caution 
 statement. 
 
 Section 7. The Procedures to Follow in Inspection and Maintenance of 
 Engine-Intake System. 
 
 (1) The engine-intake system including flame arrester(s), air cleaner, 
 and all joints shall be inspected at intervals according to the man- 
 ufacturer's general maintenance instructions. 
 
 (2) Inspection of the engine-intake system shall include tightness of 
 all joints and cleanliness of flame arrester surfaces. 
 
 (3) Periodic measurements shall be made of the vacuum in the engine- 
 intake system to determine whether the air cleaner and flame 
 arrester (s) require cleaning. 
 
 (4) The air cleaner of the engine-intake system shall be maintained in 
 accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The normal oil- 
 filling level shall not be exceeded. 
 
 Section 8. When and How to Inspect and Maintain the Engine-Exhaust System. 
 
 (1) The engine-exhaust system, including flame arrester(s), conditioner 
 or cooling boxes, shut-off mechanism, water spray, and 
 
64 
 
 exhaust-dilution system, shall be inspected at Intervals according 
 to the manufacturer's general maintenance instructions. 
 
 (2) Periodic measurements shall be made of the positive pressure in the 
 engine-exhaust system to determine whether the exhaust flame 
 arrester requires cleaning. 
 
 (3) The water supply for the exhaust-gas cooling system shall be replen- 
 ished by an authorized person at the beginning of each working 
 shift. 
 
 (4) When salts from evaporation of water in the exhaust-gas cooling sys- 
 tem are depositied on auxiliaries, such as cooling boxes, 
 conditioners and other parts of the system, such auxiliaries shall 
 be flushed with water and cleaned to remove the salt deposits, as 
 well as soot filtered from the exhaust gas. 
 
 (5) Float valves shall be serviced at intervals according to the manu- 
 facturer's instructions to maintain them in good operating 
 condition. 
 
 (6) Functioning of the fuel shut-off mechanism actuated by the exhaust- 
 gas temperature, shall be tested at least once every three months. 
 This test shall be made in a safe place, not in active face workings 
 of a coal mine. 
 
 (7) All heated surfaces of the diesel engine shall be inspected and 
 cleaned at least weekly or at intervals frequent enough to ensure 
 that such surfaces are kept free of combustible materials, such as 
 coal dust, diesel fuel, lubricants, and rags or waste, or as often 
 as may be required by the Mine Inspector. 
 
 A minimum of 12 inches of clearance shall be maintained between all 
 heated surfaces of the diesel equipment and the roof or ribs of the 
 mine opening. 
 
 (8) The exhaust-gas dilution system shall be inspected and cleaned at 
 intervals frequent enough to ensure safe dilution of the exhaust gas 
 when it is discharged from the diesel engine. 
 
 (9) Whenever the diesel-engine exhaust is smoky or objectionable odors 
 are emitted in the exhaust, the cause shall be investigated immedi- 
 ately and corrected in accordance with the manufacturer's 
 instruction. 
 
 Section 9. The Use and Maintenance of Electrical Components of Diesel 
 Equipment. 
 
 (1) Locks and seals. 
 
 Electrical parts, such as battery boxes and headlights, shall be 
 provided with locks and seals that are maintained where required to 
 preserve the permissible status of a permissible diesel machine. 
 
65 
 
 (2) Fastenings. 
 
 Joints in motor casings, starting-switch enclosures, headlights, and 
 other parts that are subject to arcing during normal operation shall 
 be fastened securely. All bolts, cap screws, and other means of 
 joining parts of casings and enclosures shall be kept in their 
 proper places and secured tightly. 
 
 (3) Wiring and conduit. 
 
 (a) Wiring insulation shall be maintained in good condition and 
 when worn or abraded shall be replaced with well-insulated 
 wiring. 
 
 (b) Rubber hose, steel pipe, and other types of conduit for wiring 
 shall be supported firmly at each end and between ends when the 
 lengths are such as to require additional support. Conduit and 
 other means of protecting wiring shall be kept in place and 
 maintained in condition equivalent to that provided by the man- 
 ufacturer for the permissibility tests. 
 
 (4) Headlight and instrument lenses. 
 
 Lenses forming part of the explosion-proof casings of headlights or 
 enclosures of instruments shall be held securely in place. Cracked 
 lenses shall be replaced immediately. 
 
 (5) Overload and short-circuit protection. 
 
 Tampering with fuses, relays or other means supplied by the manufac- 
 turer for overload and short-circuit protection of wiring and elec- 
 trical parts shall not be permitted, nor shall the use of substltues 
 that nullify such protection be permitted. 
 
 (6) Battery. 
 
 Battery-cell tops shall be maintained free of electrolyte and other 
 foreign material. Connections between battery cells shall be kept 
 tight and free of corrosion. 
 
 Section 10. Fuel Usage in Diesel-Powered Equipment. 
 
 (1) Specifications. 
 
 (a) The fuel for diesel engines of machines approved for service in 
 underground mines shall conform to the equipment manufacturer's 
 specifications for viscosity, pour point, cetane number, carbon 
 residue and water. The flash point shall be not less than 
 140° F, and the sulphur content shall not exceed 0.5 wt-pct. 
 
 (b) Only distillate fuel shall be used in engines of permissible 
 diesel-powered transportation equipment for underground mines. 
 
66 
 
 (2) Storage and handling. 
 
 (a) Fuel taken underground shall be transported only in strong, 
 tight metal containers that are provided with efficient closing 
 devices. 
 
 (b) The quantity of fuel stored underground shall not exceed that 
 required for 24 hours operation of all diesel machines in use. 
 
 (c) Fuel taken underground and awaiting transfer to diesel machine 
 fuel tanks shall be stored in a closed compartment, constructed 
 of incombustible materials, and shall be kept in a well- 
 ventilated location, the return air from which shall not pass 
 through any active mine workings. 
 
 (d) The walls of a fuel-storage compartment shall form a liquid- 
 tight joint with the bottom of mine floor. Any opening in the 
 fuel-storage compartment, such as a doorway, shall be provided 
 with a sill high enough to form a catch-basin in the storage 
 compartment to retain spilled fuel. The capacity of the catch- 
 basin shall be large enough to hold the maximum quantity of 
 fuel that is permitted to be stored underground. 
 
 (e) Diesel machine fuel tanks shall be filled only at the fuel- 
 storage compartment. Fuel shall be transferred from the stor- 
 age compartment to a machine fuel tank through a flexible hose 
 that is fitted with a self-closing valve. 
 
 (f ) The fuel-handling system and the diesel machine shall be frame- 
 grounded when fuel is being transferred from the storage com- 
 partment to the machine fuel tank. 
 
 (g) The air vents on fuel-handling equipment shall be flame-proof. 
 
 (h) When fuel is being transferred from the storage compartment to 
 the machine fuel tank, the diesel engine shall be stopped. 
 
 (i) A supply of sand or other suitable incombustible material shall 
 be available during the transfer of fuel from the storage com- 
 partment to the machine fuel tank for absorbing spilled fuel. 
 
 (j) All drain plugs in the fuel-handling system shall be threaded 
 
 and sealed or locked in the closed position to prevent uninten- 
 tional opening. 
 
 (k) Only trained authorized persons shall be permitted to handle 
 fuel for diesel machines. 
 
 (1) In fuel-handling operations, precautions shall be observed to 
 keep the fuel clean and free from contamination by foreign 
 material, such as dirt, sediment and water. 
 
67 
 
 (m) Fuel filters on diesel engines shall be cleaned regularly and 
 repaired promptly as conditions require. 
 
 Section 11. Types of Fire Extinguishers Used and Their Storage. 
 
 (1) Liquid carbon dioxide or pressurized dry-chemical fire extinguishers 
 shall be installed at underground repair shops, machine barns, and 
 fuel storage compartments. 
 
 Section 12. Maintenance of Underground Repair Shops and Machine-Storage 
 Barns. 
 
 (1) Ventilation. 
 
 (a) Underground repair shops and diesel machine storage barns shall 
 be ventilated by a separate air split between the intake and 
 return airways. 
 
 (b) When diesel machines are operated in underground repair shops 
 or storage barns, or in the event of fire, arrangements shall 
 be made to conduct the products of combustion therefrom 
 directly to the return airway. 
 
 (2) Construction. 
 
 (a) Underground repair shops and machine-storage barns shall 
 be lined with nonabsorbent, incombustible material. Doors 
 or other means of closure shall be constructed of similar 
 incombustible material. 
 
 (b) Floors of underground repair shops and machine-storage 
 barns shall be impervious to oil and shall be so graded as 
 to provide natural drainage to a sump or catch-basin to 
 collect spilled oil. 
 
 (c) Spilled oil shall be cleaned up and removed from the sump 
 or catch-basin promptly and stored in closed metal con- 
 tainers until disposed of on the surface. 
 
 (3) Repair Operations. 
 
 Welding or other operations that might create a fire hazard shall 
 not be done unless precautions are observed to prevent inadvertent 
 ignition of diesel fuel or lubricants. 
 
 (4) Miscellaneous. 
 
 A supply of sand or other incombustible material shall be kept in 
 underground repair shops and machine-storage barns to aid in fire 
 fighting and to absorb spilled fuel or lubricants. 
 
68 
 
 Section 13. General Conditions Governing the Operation of Diesel-Powered 
 Equipment in Underground Mines. 
 
 (1) The operation of diesel equipment in underground coal mines in Vir- 
 ginia shall be under the supervision of a foreman holding a Virginia 
 Mine Foreman Certificate. 
 
 (2) Not more than two diesels will be permitted to operate at the same 
 time in a single air split; provided, however, that the Chief Mine 
 Inspector may, if he determines that the safety or health of the 
 employees will not be jeopardized, permit additional equipment to be 
 used. 
 
 (3) No diesel equipment will be permitted to operate in any section of a 
 mine where room entries exceed 3,000 ft in depth. 
 
 (4) The engine shall be shut down at all times when not in use. 
 
 (5) If the engine exhaust becomes more noticeable than normal, the 
 equipment shall be removed from the faces and shut down until the 
 proper repairs can be made to correct this condition. 
 
 (6) All employees working in sections where diesel equipment is used 
 shall be furnished with self-rescue respirators which they shall 
 carry at all times while on duty in the mine. 
 
 (7) No person who works in close proximity to mobile diesel equipment 
 throughout the shift shall be permitted to work more than a ten-hour 
 continuous shift in any 24 hours. 
 
 (8) Access to all company records such as maintenance, repairs, fuels, 
 ventilation, etc., pertaining to the use of the underground diesel 
 equipment shall be made available to representatives of the Virginia 
 Division of Mines and Quarries upon request. The mine operator 
 shall keep and make available other pertinent records as prescribed 
 by the Virginia Division of Mines and Quarries. 
 
 (9) The operation of any diesel machine in any manner or under any con- 
 dition that does not comply with the requirements of these regula- 
 tions shall be considered by the Division as voiding its approval 
 for underground use. 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 Rules and Regulations Governing the Mining of Metal and Nonmetallic Minerals, 
 April 15, 1974, Department of Labor and Industry, Division of Mines and Quar- 
 ries, Commonwealth of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. 
 
 4557.4 Fire Prevention and Control 
 
 4557.4-21: Internal combustion engines, except diesels, shall be shut- 
 off and stopped before being fueled. 
 
69 
 
 4557.4-52: No gasoline, benzene, kerosene, or other flammable oils shall 
 be used underground in powering machinery, except that equip- 
 ment powered by diesel engines, approved by the Chief before 
 installation, may be used underground in the operation of 
 other than coal mines. 
 
 4557.4-54: Oil, grease, or diesel fuel stored underground shall be kept 
 in suitable tightly sealed containers in fire-resistant areas 
 at safe distances from explosives magazines, electrical 
 installations, and shaft stations. 
 
 4557.4-56: Oil or fuel storage areas shall not be located in main venti- 
 lation airways. 
 
 4557.19 Man Hoisting 
 Hoists 
 
 4557.19-13: Where any diesel or similar fuel-injection engine is used to 
 power a hoist, the engine shall be equipped with a damper or 
 other cutoff in its air intake system. The control handle 
 shall be clearly labeled to indicated that its intended func- 
 tion is for emergency stopping only. 
 
 4557.21 Gassy Mines 
 Equipment 
 
 4557.21-76: Diesel-powered equipment shall not be taken into or operated 
 
 in places where flammable gas exceeds 1.0 pet at any point not 
 less than 12 inches from the back, face and rib. 
 
 4557.21-78: Only permissible equipment maintained in permissible condition 
 shall be used beyond the last open crosscut or in places where 
 dangerous quantities of flammable gases are present or may 
 enter the air current. 
 
 Mining laws (Including Oil and Gas) of Virginia, Code of Virginia of 1950 and 
 the 1978 Cumulative Supplement, Department of Labor and Industry, the Michie 
 Company, Charlottesville, Virginia. 
 
 Chapter 9: Fire Prevention, Fire Control and Mine Disasters 
 
 45.1.90: Flammable oils; internal combustion engines. 
 
 (a) No gasoline, benzene, kerosene or other flammable oils shall 
 be used underground in powering machinery without the written 
 approval of the Chief. 
 
 (b) Internal combustion engines shall not be permitted under- 
 ground in any coal mine except with the written approval 
 
 of the Chief (Code 1950 repl. Vol. 1958, Par. 45-43; 1954, c. 
 191; 1966, c. 594; 1978, c. 729.) 
 
70 
 
 The 1978 Amendment substituted, at the end of subsection (a), "without 
 the written approval of the Chief" for "except that equipment powered by 
 diesel engines, approved by the Chief before installation, may be used under- 
 ground in the operation of other than coal mines, and except as hereinafter 
 provided." The amendment also deleted the former second sentence of subsec- 
 tion (b), which read: "The Chief may in his discretion approve diesel-powered 
 locomotives, shuttle cars, or other equipment, which may be operated only upon 
 his written permission and under such rules as he may promulgate." 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 Contact ; Department of Labor and Industries 
 
 Division of Industrial Safety and Health 
 
 308 4th Ave. 
 
 Olympia, Wash. 98504 
 
 206/753-9643 
 
 Coal Mines 
 
 Washington Safety Standards, WAC 296-61-320. 
 
 WAC 296-61-320: Gassy Mines 
 
 (10) Equipment 
 
 (a) (57.21.76) Diesel-powered equipment shall not be taken into or 
 operated in places where flammable gas exceeds 1.0 pet at any 
 point not less than 12 inches from the back, face and rib. 
 
 (c) (57.21-78) Only permissible equipment maintained in permissible 
 condition shall be used beyond the last open crosscut or In 
 places where dangerous quantities of flammable gases are pres- 
 ent or may enter the air current. 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 Washington Safety Standards, Metal and Nonmetallic Mines, Quarries, Pits and 
 Crushing Operations, Chapter 296-61 WAC, April 1, 1972. 
 
 WAC 296-110: Regulations Pertaining to Use of Diesel Equipment Underground. 
 
 Permission will be granted for specified diesel equipment working in 
 a specified location under specified conditions, as follows: 
 
 (1) Application shall be made to the Mining Section, Division of Safety, 
 Department of Labor and Industries, for permission to use specified 
 diesel equipment in a specified underground area and should include 
 the following information. 
 
 (a) The type of construction and complete identification data and 
 specifications including analysis of the undiluted exhaust 
 gases of the diesel equipment. 
 
71 
 
 (b) The location of the underground mine where the diesel equipment 
 is to be used, accompanied by a drawing showing the underground 
 area and description of the ventilation system. 
 
 (2) Before the diesel equipment is taken underground, written permission 
 shall be obtained from the Division of Safety or its duly authorized 
 representative. A satisfactory test of the surface to show that the 
 exhaust gases do not exceed the maximum pet of carbon monoxide per- 
 mitted, shall be required. 
 
 (3) Diesel equipment may only be used underground where the mine venti- 
 lation is controlled by mechanical means and shall not be operated 
 if the ventilating current is less than 75 cu ft/min per horsepower, 
 based on the maximum brake horsepower of the engines. 
 
 (4) Air measurements shall be made at least once weekly in the diesel 
 engine working area and the measurements entered in the Underground 
 Diesel Engine Record Book. Permissible maximum amounts of noxious 
 gases are as follows: 
 
 At engine exhaust ports 
 Next to equipment 
 General atmosphere 
 General atmosphere 
 General atmosphere 
 
 Carbon monoxide 
 Carbon monoxide 
 Carbon monoxide 
 Nitrogen Dioxide 
 Aldehydes 
 
 0.1 pet 
 
 1,000 ppm^ 
 
 .005 pet 
 
 50 ppm 
 
 .005 pet 
 
 50 ppm 
 
 .0005 pet 
 
 5 ppm 
 
 .0002 pet 
 
 2 ppm 
 
 ^ — Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by 
 volume at 25° C and 760 mm Hg pressure. 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA 
 
 Contact! 
 
 West Virginia Department of Mines 
 
 Room E 151, State Capitol Building 
 
 Charleston, W. Va. 25305 
 
 304/348-2051 
 
 Coal Mines 
 Mining Laws of West Virginia, Chapter 22, Revised July 1977. 
 Article 2: Coal Mines — Ventilation 
 
 Par. 22-2-4: 
 
 Ventilation of Mines in General 
 
 All active underground working places in a mine shall be ven- 
 tilated by a current of air containing not less than 19.5 pet 
 oxygen, not more than 0.5 pet carbon dioxide, and no harmful 
 quantities of other noxious or poisonous gases. 
 
72 
 
 Article 2: Coal Mines — Mine Foreman 
 
 Par. 22-2-14: Safety Inspections; Removal of Gases 
 
 It shall be the duty of the mine foreman, assistant mine fire- 
 man or fire boss to examine all working places under his 
 supervision for hazards at least once every two hours during 
 each coal-producing shift, or more often if necessary for 
 safety. In all mines such examinations shall include tests 
 with an approved detector for methane and oxygen deficiency 
 and may also include tests with a permissible flame safety 
 lamp. It shall also be his duty to remove as soon as possible 
 after its discovery any accumulations of explosive or noxious 
 gases in active workings, and where practicable, any 
 accumulations of explosive or noxious gases in the worked out 
 and abandoned portions of the mine. 
 
 Article 2: Coal Mines — Transportation 
 
 Par. 22-2-37: Haulage Roads and Equipment; Shelter Holes; Prohibited 
 Practices; Signals; Inspections 
 
 (m) No steam locomotive shall be used in mines where men are 
 actually employed in the extraction of coal, but this 
 shall not prevent operation of a steam locomotive through 
 any tunnel haulway or part of a mine that is not in 
 actual operation and producing coal. 
 
 (n) Underground equipment powered by internal combustion 
 
 engines using petroleum products, alcohol or any other 
 compound shall not be used in a coal mine. 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 Article 3: Open-Pit Mines, Cement Manufacturing Plants and Underground 
 Limestone and Sandstone Mines 
 
 Part 2: Applicability of Mining Laws 
 
 All provisions of the mining laws of this state intended for the 
 health and safety of persons employed within or at any coal mine 
 and for the protection of any coal mining property shall extend 
 to all open-pit mines and any property used in connection there- 
 with for the mining of underground limestone and sandstone mines, 
 insofar as such laws are applicable thereto. 
 
73 
 
 WISCONSIN 
 
 Contact ; Mine Safety Section » 
 
 Department of Industry, Labor and Human Resources 
 
 Box 7969 
 
 Madison, Wis. 53702 
 
 608/266-7529 
 
 Coal, Metal, and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 Mines, Pits and Quarries, Rules of Industry, Labor and Human Relations, 
 Wisconsin Administrative Coal Chapter Ind. 3. 
 
 Ind. 304 Fire Prevention and Control 
 
 General — Surface and Underground 
 
 (21) Internal combustion engines, except diesels, shall be shut-off and 
 stopped before fueling. 
 
 Ind. 305 Air Quality, Ventilation and Radiation 
 
 Underground Only 
 
 (15) Atmospheres in all active areas shall contain at least 20 pet 
 oxygen. 
 
 (16) Atmospheres in all active areas shall contain: 
 
 (a) Not more than 0.005 pet carbon monoxide, 0.5 pet carbon diox- 
 ide, and 5 ppm nitrogen dioxide, or other threshold limit val- 
 ues for these gases adopted by the American Conference of 
 Governmental Industrial Hygienists. (See Wis. Adm. Center, 
 Chapter Ind- 20 — Dust, Fumes, Vapors and Gases.) 
 
 (b) No harmful quantities of other gases, fumes or mists as deter- 
 mined by threshold limit values established by the American 
 Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. (See Wis. 
 Adm. Code, Chapter Ind. 20 — Dust, Fumes, Vapors and Gases.) 
 
 Ind. 306 Ventilation and Radiation 
 
 Ventilation — Underground Only 
 
 (12) Internal combustion engines other than department approved diesels 
 shall not be used underground and such approved diesels shall be 
 operated in an approved manner and maintained in approved condition. 
 
74 
 
 Ind. 321 Gassy Mines 
 Equipment 
 
 (75) Diesel-powered equipment not approved as permissible by the depart- 
 ment for use in mines subject to these regulations shall not be used 
 underground. Permissible equipment shall be maintained in permis- 
 sible condition. 
 
 (76) Diesel-powered equipment shall not be taken into or operated in 
 places where flammable gas exceeds 1.0 pet at any point not less 
 than 12 inches from the back, face and rib. 
 
 WYOMING 
 
 Contact: 
 
 State Inspector of Mines 
 
 State of Wyoming 
 
 Box 1064 
 
 Rock Springs, Wyo. 82901 
 
 307/362-5222 
 
 Coal Mines 
 
 Coal Mining Laws of the State of Wyoming, Revised 1969-1973, Wyoming Statutes, 
 1957 Title 30, Mines and Minerals Sections 30-97 to sections 30-201, and 
 Sections 30-239 to Sections 30-250. 
 
 Chapter 4 
 Aritcle 1; 
 
 General 
 
 Sec. 30-144: Use of Internal Combustion Engines Prohibited 
 
 The use of mining locomotives, pumping engines, hoists, trucks, 
 or any other form of machinery driven or propelled by internal 
 combustion engines, in which power is generated by burning 
 within the cylinder or cylinders, a mixture of air and gas, or 
 air and alcohol, gasoline, fuel oil, oil distillate, or other 
 liquid fuel, within any coal mine or mines, except diesel- 
 powered equipment, which is operated in compliance with federal 
 regulations and regulations established by the state mine 
 inspector, is hereby declared to be unlawful, and any person, or 
 persons, body corporate, agent, manager or employer, who vio- 
 lated any of the provisions of this section is guilty of a mis- 
 demeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall for each offense, 
 be fined not more than $200, or imprisoned In the county jail 
 for a period of not more than four months, or both. 
 
75 
 
 Sec. 30-167: Machinery giving off noxious fumes prohibited underground. 
 
 Nonpermissible internal combustion engines or other machinery 
 which gives off noxious fumes shall not be permitted underground 
 in any coal mine. 
 
 Metal and Nonmetal Mines 
 
 Wyoming Noncoal Mining Laws, 1971. 
 
 Chapter 3 Mining Operations Generally 
 
 Sec. 30-93 Requirements as to Underground Equipment 
 
 The use of equipment underground which Is powered by internal 
 combustion engines shall be limited to the type constructed so 
 as to conform to the standards approved by the U.S. Bureau of 
 Mines for underground internal combustion engines. Such equip- 
 ment shall only be used and operated under conditions approved 
 by the Inspector of Mines. 
 
 CONCLUDING STATEMENT 
 
 A considerable variety of regulatory responsibility exists amongst the 
 States, which seems to depend on the extent and type of mining activities 
 within these States. In some States where there is little or no mining, the 
 Federal inspection and enforcement regulations of the Mine Safety and Health 
 Administration, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and the 
 Environmental Protection Agency are used. States that have specific regula- 
 tions pertaining to mining differ considerably in their administration. Some 
 allocate these responsibilities to agencies concerned with labor, workmen's 
 compensation. Industrial safety, or related matters. Other States that have a 
 long history of mining activity place responsibilities in agencies specifi- 
 cally concerned with mines and mining. Still others incorporate mining 
 responsibility functions in departments or bureaus concerned with agriculture, 
 conservation, reclamation, environment, or natural resources. 
 
 Since 1976, the number of active underground metal and nonmetal mines has 
 remained at about 600. The number of active underground coal mines, however, 
 has increased 56 percent to approximately 3,600. The Code of Federal Regula- 
 tions written exclusively for diesel equipment in coal mines has not yet been 
 established. It is generally agreed to apply Title 30, Fart 36 (the old 
 Schedule 31) with some modifications to underground coal mines; Part 36 cur- 
 rently applies to gassy noncoal mines. In metal and nonmetal mines, no regu- 
 lations are known to prohibit the use of diesel engines, but several States 
 have minimum ventilation requirements or require add-on devices such as scrub- 
 bers, catalytic converters, or exhaust dilution devices. Gasoline or other 
 nondiesel engines are virtually eliminated, but their use is still legal in 
 some States if certain conditions are met. In some cases, both State and Fed- 
 eral enforcement agencies require that diesel equipment comply with their own 
 regulations, all of which contain variations in requirements. 
 
76 
 
 Regulations also affect dlesel equipment design. A substantial propor- 
 tion of mine production is attributable to the use of mobile diesel-powered 
 equipment in the form of load-haul-dump vehicles, haulage trucks, personnel 
 carriers, supply vehicles, and roof bolting equipment. The direction of 
 future design and development of diesel equipment will depend to a great 
 extent on future legislation and subsequent regulations. Safety legislation 
 is continually being updated to suit experience, leading to an ever-increasing 
 number of regulations and added cost of manufacture. Localized and special- 
 ized regulations result in manufacturers building custom equipment to fill 
 regional needs rather than employing less expensive mass production. 
 
 This publication is intended to delineate State regulation of underground 
 diesel equipment to reduce confusion on the part of manufacturers, mining com- 
 panies, labor, inspection agencies, and the certification and approval author- 
 ity. Additionally, it is hoped that it will be a positive step toward the 
 establishment of pertinent regulations designed to preclude hazardous operat- 
 ing conditions, and of regulations that are uniform to the extent possible to 
 reduce the burden on industry. 
 
 ^, *U S GOVERNHENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1981 349-466/8522 
 

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