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 ^u£ GREAT WAR: 
 
 A REVIEW IN 
 MINIATURE. 
 
 By 
 
 Katharine Stanbery Burgess. 
 
 DEC '"' 
 
 29 
 
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THE GREAT 
 WAR: 
 
 A REVIEW IN 
 MINIATURE. 
 
 BY 
 
 Katharine Stanbery Burgess. 
 
 Sold for the Benefit of the 
 
 American Red Cross. 
 
 Courier Company q ^^^ Zanesville, Ohio. 
 

THE GREAT WAR. 
 
 This is to be the very briefest history 
 ot the Great War that can possibly be 
 written. It is not an exhanstive re- 
 view, nor even a short stndy of condi- 
 tions and events ; it is a hasty outhne, 
 for hasty reading, of only the most 
 salient features, intended for those peo- 
 ple who, for one reason or another, 
 read nothing at the ontbreak, and con- 
 sequcntlv know nothing now of what it 
 is all about. It is only a skeleton sketch, 
 presented so that he who runs may 
 read — in a quarter of an hour. 
 
 On June 28, 19 14, the Crown Prince 
 of Austro-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand 
 (nephew of the aged Emperor, Franz 
 Joseph ) .accompanied by his morganatic 
 wife, the Duchess of Hohenburg, was 
 on a political visit to Serajevo, the cap- 
 ital of Bosnia, which is a province of 
 Austro-Hungary, but which had, till 
 1908, belonged to Serbia. While driv- 
 ing through the streets, they were kill- 
 ed by a bomb thrown from an upper 
 
 3 
 
window by a Serbian named Cabrino- 
 vic. It was claimed by the Austrian 
 Government that he was a tool of the 
 Narodna Odbrana, a Serbian secret so- 
 ciety for the promulgation of doctrines 
 of sedition against Austria. On July 
 27,, Austria addressed an ultimatum to 
 the Serbian Government demanding 
 the punishment of the offenders and the 
 dismissal of all the high officials and 
 army officers who were suspected of 
 complicity ; also that all such secret so- 
 cieties be dissolved ; that public schools 
 in Serbia eliminate teaching against the 
 sovereignty of Austria; that the ship- 
 ment of arms and ammunition across 
 the Austro-Serbian frontier be prohib- 
 ited-; that all publications in Serbia 
 inimical to Austria be suppressed; and 
 that the Serbian Government accept the 
 coUahorathn of Austria in the suppres- 
 sion of the subversive movement against 
 that monarchy. Forty-eight hours were 
 given for a satisfactory reply. 
 
 Serbia replied within the time and 
 offered full satisfaction, protesting only 
 against certain details (such as Aus- 
 tria's participation in the prosecution 
 
 4 
 
and punishment), and proposing to 
 leave all differences to be settled by the 
 International Tribunal at the Hague, 
 or by the Powers interested at the time 
 of the transfer of Bosnia to Austria. 
 The Dual Monarchy (as Austro-Hun- 
 gary is called), refused, in spite of pro- 
 tests and offers of mediation from Eng- 
 land, Russia, France and Italy, to ac- 
 cept Serbia's terms of restitution, show- 
 ing that she (Austria) had been bent 
 on aggression, with the murders only 
 as a pretext. The Great Powers had 
 called on Germany also to protest, and 
 she pretended to do so, saying, how- 
 ever, that it should be a matter between 
 Austria and Serbia alone. 
 
 On July 28, Austria declared war on 
 Serbia, and immediately followed this 
 up by the force of arms, before which 
 the Serbian armies and strongholds 
 went down, after a gallant defense of 
 many months. Russia, who had been 
 the friend and protector of Serbia, not 
 only protested, but mobilized at once 
 against Austria and even Germany, 
 whom all Europe suspected of aiding 
 and abetting Austria in the quarrel, if 
 
not of actually instigating- it. The Re- 
 public of France, bound by the alliance 
 called the Triple Entente (France, Eng- 
 land and Russia), rose to the defense of 
 Russia, whereupon Germany turned 
 around to crush France. 
 
 This was Germany's long hoped for 
 chance for spreading her empire west- 
 ward and eastward. She proposed to 
 Belgium and to the little independent 
 grand duchy of Luxemburg that she 
 l)e allowed to send her troops through 
 their territory into France ; and to Eng- 
 land that that country stand by and al- 
 low the offense to be committed. This 
 in spite of a treaty to which Germany, 
 England and France were parties, al- 
 ways to respect the neutrality and in- 
 tegrity of Belgium ; but the German 
 Imperial Chancellor, Herr von Beth- 
 mann-Hollweg, assured the English 
 Ambassador to Berlin that Germany 
 contemplated no acquisition of French 
 home territory — only punishment. 
 Engiand. through her Foreign Secre- 
 tary, Sir Edward Grey, wlio conducted 
 all negotiations (instead of her Pre- 
 mier, ]\Ir. Asquith). refused, owing to 
 
 .6 
 
lier treaties and to the honor of na- 
 tions. Lnxeniburg- suffered the pass- 
 age, but Belgium ( through the Minis- 
 try and King- All)ert) refused to be 
 made the j)ath\vay of the enemies of 
 France, and mobihzed against the in- 
 ^•aders. 
 
 On August I, Germany had declared 
 war against Russia ; now, on August 
 
 3. she commenced the siege of Liege 
 ( in Belgium ) . and on the next day de- 
 clared war. On that same day, August 
 
 4, England declared war on Germany, 
 and Lord Kitchener prepared a cam- 
 paign, sending over regular troops and 
 raising a further volunteer army. 
 ( This great general was drowned in 
 the summer of 1916, when his ship, 
 on the northern passage to Russia, 
 struck a mine near the north coast of 
 vScotland. He has been succeeded as 
 Commander-in-Chief by General Rob- 
 ertson.) 
 
 Italy did not enter the war until the 
 spring of 191 5. and then on the side of 
 the Allies (Triple Entente). She, with 
 Germany and Austria, had formed the 
 old "Triple Alliance"; but she refused 
 
 7 
 
to join them at the first, as the terms 
 of their treaty bound her to join them 
 only in case of zmr into which the other 
 two zifere drctzmv by self-defense. They 
 tried to coerce her, but she remained 
 neutral until 19 15, when self-protec- 
 tion caused her to declare war on Aus- 
 tria alone. This conflict with her old 
 ally she has waged ever since, with 
 great losses on both sides and no con- 
 clusive victory. In course of time, 
 Turkey and Bulgaria were drawn in 
 with Germany and Austria, and these 
 four are now known as the Central 
 Powers (or, sometimes, the Teutonic 
 Powers, on account of the domination 
 of Germany and Austria). The two 
 new powers were prompted by self-in- 
 terest and by assurances of support and 
 protection and aggrandizement: and it 
 is well known that through them Ger- 
 many saw her way to the Black Sea 
 and the Far East. 
 
 The fires of war spread ; and finally 
 the Entente Allies comprised (in order 
 of their entrance) : Serbia, Russia, Eng- 
 land, France, Belgium, Montenegro, 
 Japan, Italy, Portugal and Rumania. 
 
 8 
 
Belgimti, Serbia, Montenegro (Italy's 
 friend) and Rumania were soon crush- 
 ed and subjugated — Montenegro, in- 
 deed, surrendered; Japan (brought in 
 on account of England and Russia) 
 confined her warfare to operations in 
 Eastern waters and chiefly against 
 German stations in China; and Portu- 
 gal, beyond some brilliant assistance 
 to the Allies in Africa, has been a bel- 
 ligerent in name only. The African 
 campaign was waged by the colonies 
 of the opposing nations, resulting most- 
 ly to the advantage of the Allies. A 
 German and Turkish offensive was 
 sent into Egypt against the British rule, 
 but that w'as ineffective. 
 
 Belgium, through a long series of 
 battles, sieges, rapine, devastation and 
 wanton murders and cruelties, fell a 
 prey to German rage in the first autumn 
 of the war. Forts, cities, villages, all 
 the land, went down before the con- 
 querors, who soon took the capital, 
 Brussels, and, before long, the fortified 
 city of Antwerp, to which the seat of 
 government had been hastily trans- 
 ferred. The government was then set 
 
 9 
 
up at Bordeaux, in France. Habita- 
 tions, churches and all the monuments 
 of civilization were destroyed, huge in- 
 demnities (for resistance!) were im- 
 ])osed on the nation, railways, factories 
 and all public works were confiscated, 
 citizens were deported to Germany, and 
 the conquerors' occupation began, in 
 every sense. The Belgian Army, after 
 long resistance, escaped and joined 
 forces with the French Army, though a 
 number of troops, being driven across 
 I he border into neutral Holland, were 
 obliged to submit to internment there; 
 cuid as many of the stricken population 
 as could, in the early days when exit 
 was possible, fled to England, where 
 they found sanctuary. 
 
 The German Chancellor had declared 
 in the Reichstag (the Imperial Parlia- 
 ment) that the treaty concerning Bel- 
 gium was only "a. scrap of paper," 
 which Germany might tear up at will. 
 And so it was done. And when the 
 army reached France, a similar cam- 
 paign was begun. In spite of the Chan- 
 cellor's assurances to England, Ger- 
 many zimited Paris; and what was 
 
 10 
 
more, she wanted Calais, from which 
 to strike at England, whom she now 
 hated with the most bitter fury for 
 liaving meddled and interposed. Up 
 and down the northeast territory of 
 France, the battles (chiefly trench war- 
 fare) have raged, success fluctuating 
 from one side to the other, and neither 
 side gaining a conclusive victory. Af- 
 ter the long and murderous battles of 
 Mons, the Marne, the Aisne and the 
 Somme, the two great objectives still 
 remain inviolate; but the country to 
 the southwest of Belgium has been for 
 two years and a half in the possession 
 of the enemy, who has held Belgium 
 as a base. The recent Franco-British 
 drive, which, under the joint command 
 of General Nivelle (successor to Gen- 
 eral Joffre) and General Sir Douglas 
 Haig (successor to General Sir John 
 French), has driven the Germans back 
 toward this base, is revealing the oc- 
 cupied and now abandoned territory 
 to have been as ruthlessly devastated 
 and depleted of inhabitants, civilization 
 and possibilities of agriculture as was 
 ever Belgium itself. As I write, the 
 
 11 
 
Allies are closing in around St. Quen- 
 tin and successfully storming the whole 
 Arras front, the great rear stronghold 
 of the German Commander, Field Mar- 
 shal von Hindenburg; but it is not safe 
 
 to predict the outcome 
 
 This is France's "punishment" ; and 
 yet the German Kaiser, Wilhelm II, 
 of the Prussian House of Hohenzollern, 
 has claimed that the war was forced 
 upon him and his people by the avarice 
 and treachery of England, who was 
 moved to the defense of Belgium only 
 by the desire to remain mistress of the 
 seas, and greed to wrest from Germany 
 all of her world trade! 
 
 England set herself to starve out Ger- 
 many by the naval cordon which she 
 drew around German ports and ap- 
 proaches ; and the large majority of the 
 German fleet has remained, perforce, 
 bottled up in the Baltic. But her sea 
 raiders roved the oceans of the world, 
 destroying Allied shipping, and her 
 submarine warfare has inflicted the 
 greatest damage on the British Navy 
 and merchant marine and private ship- 
 ping, as well as on those of the other Al- 
 
 12 
 
lies ; and lately on the shipping of neu- 
 tral countries, even hospital and relief 
 ships not being' exempted. Admiral 
 von Tirpitz is the instigator of this war- 
 fare. England has caught and destroy- 
 ed many of these submarines, and the 
 damage they inflict is on only a small 
 per cent of the entire sailing list; yet 
 it is still a menace to be reckoned with. 
 The Zeppelin expeditions against Eng- 
 land, while wreaking much destruction, 
 have not been wholly successful, many 
 dirigibles having been brought down, 
 and the results not justifying the cost 
 to Germany in money or lives. Aero- 
 planes have become so common in all 
 the greater armies that they have 
 changed the balance but little on either 
 side. 
 
 Holland, Denmark, Norway and 
 Sweden, having as yet remained neu- 
 tral, have allowed some food supplies 
 to slip into Germany, and she has com- 
 mandeered the crops of conquered Ru- 
 mania; but her own production is far 
 too short, and she is facing a real fam- 
 ine, which may turn the tide of battle 
 before arms shall have a chance to pre- 
 
 13 
 
vail. It is for this reason that she has 
 enlarged the scope of her submarine 
 aggressions, in the last two months and 
 a half, without regard to international 
 law or humanity, having put all neutral 
 shipping under the ban, except as sub- 
 ject to the most impossible and humil- 
 iating restrictions. Yet the British 
 blockade still goes on, undeterred by 
 is own fractional losses. 
 
 On vSeptember i, 19 14, Russia 
 changed the historic name of her cap- 
 ital, St. Petersburg (a Teutonic deriv- 
 ative), to the Russian form, Petrograd. 
 The Czar, Nicholas II, suffered his 
 cousin, the Grand Duke Nicholas, to 
 command the army, which was vary- 
 ingly successful — its first great drive 
 against Austria came very near to be- 
 ing a \'ictory, but through some mys- 
 terious means w^as turned to a defeat. 
 Then the Czar banished his cousin to 
 the Eastern campaign and assumed the 
 role of Commander-in-Chief himself 
 (though not in the field). The net re- 
 sult was no better, despite the great 
 bravery and efficiency of the army ; and 
 it finally developed that Russia, the 
 
 14 
 
great Ally, was being- honey-combed 
 by German propaganda and espionage, 
 which accomphshed many failures in 
 the field and a huge shortage in the food 
 supply ; there was treachery in the Cab- 
 inet and at the Court itself. The whole 
 thing culminated in the Russian Revo- 
 lution, on March 15, this year ( 1917), 
 when, wMth little bloodshed, the Czar 
 was deposed, a new democracy formed, 
 the government put into the hands of 
 the Duma (Parliament) and a tem- 
 porary Committee, the Jews enfran- 
 chised, political prisoners pardoned (in- 
 cluding those in Siberia) and the Grand 
 Duke Nicholas recalled to the command 
 of the Army. The new order of things 
 is still an experiment ; the danger lies 
 in the extreme swing of the pendulum, 
 and in the very faint chance of Ger- 
 many being able to persuade the new 
 democracy to a separate peace. 
 
 But the Army and the Navy have 
 sworn allegiance to the revolutionary 
 government ; and the latest operations in 
 the East (southward, against the 
 Turks) have been wholly successful; 
 the Russian force has swept down, car- 
 
 15 
 
rying victory before it, taking Turkish 
 strongholds, one after another, past 
 Kermanshah, in Persia, till it has join- 
 ed the great British Army of General 
 Maude. This mighty English expedi- 
 tion, across almost insuperable barriers, 
 has forged eastward, taken historic 
 Bagdad from the Turks, and progressed 
 northward until the Anglo-Russian 
 chain is complete. 
 
 Greece, which has been right in the 
 Eastern theater of war, has so far been 
 able to keep out of a declaration and 
 actual belligerency, though only after 
 serious internal conflict between the 
 opinions and forces of King Constan- 
 tine (declaredly neutral, but probably 
 influenced by his Queen, Sophie, the 
 sister of the Kaiser) and those of Pre- 
 mier Venezelos, who, w^ith a large part 
 of the country behind him, was pro- 
 gressive and violently pro-Ally. Greece 
 has not entered the war on either side, 
 but the Allies have virtually seized it 
 as a basis of operations and established 
 over it an enforced protectorate, mil- 
 itary and political, and have compen- 
 sated it with immense financial aid. 
 
 16 
 
Russian Poland, being part of Rus- 
 sian territory, fell during the western 
 reverses of the great empire, and has 
 been reduced to a state resembling that 
 of devastated Serbia. Switzerland, 
 whether because of the strong treaties 
 that protect her or because of her im- 
 pregnable mountain passes, is still neu- 
 tral. Spain too is neutral, though she 
 is now receiving affronts from Germany 
 in the sinking of her vessels. 
 
 In 1 916, Germany offered peace to 
 the Allies ; on terms of her own, how- 
 ever, among which was her continued 
 occupation of Belgium, beside other 
 impossible demands. They were cate- 
 gorically and unequivocally rejected; 
 and it was on this ground, as well as to 
 break the blockade, that she avowed her 
 intention (which she is now carrying 
 out) of making her submarine warfare 
 more of a reign of terror than ever — 
 of punishing her enemies till they 
 should cry Enough ! The revolutionary 
 spirit is contagious, and it is on the 
 point of breaking out in Germany; but 
 the Government, on the other hand, is 
 attempting to sow seeds of sedition and 
 
 17 
 
of submission to Germany in the new 
 Russian democracy, beside planning a 
 campaign to break into Russian terri- 
 tory by land and by sea. How long this 
 diamond-cut-diamond struggle can hold 
 out. how long the decimated armies and 
 populations, the low credits, the scarce 
 munitions and scarcer food supplies will 
 last, is still problematical — with so 
 many odds on both sides. 
 
 America's Part in tlic War. 
 
 At the very outset, almost, of hostil- 
 ities, when the Germans invaded Bel- 
 gium and committed acts that were the 
 horror of the whole world, American 
 indignation was aroused. There was 
 then no compelling cause for the en- 
 trance of the United States into the 
 war, but the Allied nations did expect 
 it to make a formal, if not a threaten- 
 ing, protest to the German Government, 
 in the name of justice and humanity. 
 This protest was not forthcoming, and 
 the watchword that was given out to all 
 American citizens was ''Neutrality" ; 
 though this did not prevent the sending 
 of immense relief of all kinds to strick- 
 
 18 
 
en Belgium — and later to France, Po- 
 land. Serbia and other oppressed and 
 famished peoples. 
 
 Business and trade proceeded — 
 though not as usual. Imports from 
 Germany became fewer and fewer, on 
 account of the blockade kept up by Eng- 
 land, and finally ceased altogether; 
 then when the German submarine sys- 
 tem became such a great menace, those 
 from Allied countries fell off. Exports 
 suffered from the same causes, though 
 in a different way. England instituted 
 detention and search of American mer- 
 chant vessels bound for hostile and 
 even neutral countries, for contraband 
 articles and materials. This was the 
 subject of much diplomatic wrangling; 
 but the United States finally accepted 
 England's attitude, especially as it was 
 only a matter of delay and not neces- 
 sarily of confiscation w-hen nothing con- 
 traband was discovered. Immense 
 amounts of foodstuffs, ammunition and 
 raw materials were being supplied to 
 the Allies by American private inter- 
 ests, but the blockade effectually pre- 
 
 19 
 
vented any so disposed from selling to 
 Germany and her colleagues. 
 
 The conditions of the European War 
 affected the prosperity of the United 
 States enormously, both for good and 
 for bad ; and it is doubtful whether this 
 would finally have been taken into ac- 
 count. But it was the loss of Ameri- 
 can lives, on passenger ships and on 
 merchant vessels belonging to the Al- 
 lies, that became the most crying men- 
 ace, the sinking of the Liisitama, in 
 the spring of 191 5, being the greatest 
 and most wholesale murder to which 
 the country was forced to submit. Otir 
 own ships, even, were not exempt ; but 
 the Government at Washington trusted, 
 for a long time and with much pa- 
 tience, to diplomacy to avert the evil 
 effects of such acts and to hold Ger- 
 many and Austria (the latter' s subma- 
 rines had also sunk many ships) to 
 commit no more. 
 
 Meanwhile, the United States was 
 found to be a hotbed of German plots 
 and espionage, and the destruction of 
 various ammunition plants and grain 
 elevators has been laid to their success. 
 
 20 
 
Our own insufficient army was en- 
 gaged, off and on, with the revolutions 
 and counter-revolutions in Mexico, 
 which made more than one murderous 
 break over the border into our own ter- 
 ritory ; and the sight of our inefficiency 
 there must have been a cheering thing 
 to Germany, for she planted propaganda 
 in Mexico against the United States — 
 propaganda which has long been sus- 
 pected, but which has only recently 
 come to light. On the strength of our 
 threatened quarrel with Japan (con- 
 cerning Japanese immigration), she at- 
 tempted an intrigue with that country, 
 also, in spite of the fact that Japan was 
 already sworn to the side of the Allies ! 
 Both plots, happily, have failed; Mex- 
 ico is still a dangerous menace, but the 
 searchlight is turned on her and her 
 Teutonic accomplice; and Japan has 
 pledged us her faith. 
 
 When, in January last, Germany an- 
 nounced her unrestricted submarine 
 warfare, to commence on February i, 
 our Government could stand the strain 
 no longer; and on February 2 it broke 
 off diplomatic relations with Germany, 
 
 21 
 
gave her Ambassador, Count von Bern- 
 storff, his passports and recalled our 
 own Ambassador, Gerard, from Ber- 
 lin. Our Congress was on the eve of 
 adjournment ; and l)efore the Presi- 
 dent, Mr. Wilson, could obtain from it 
 the authority to arm our merchant ships 
 and send them out to brave the subma- 
 rine danger, a small pacifist element in 
 the Senate filibustered over the measure 
 until it was too late, and the adjourn- 
 ment was accomplished. But the Pres- 
 ident went ahead and armed the ships, 
 backed by legal authority, and called an 
 extra session of the whole Congress for 
 April 2. 
 
 Meanwhile the depredations went on, 
 and it was about this time that the Ger- 
 man plots with Mexico and Japan were 
 unearthed. \\^hen Congress met, the 
 President appeared before a joint ses- 
 sion and delivered a speech for War — 
 a speech which has rung through the 
 world as the greatest battle cry for 
 freedom since Gettysburg, and which 
 has redeemed America in the eyes of all 
 nations fighting for, or believing in, 
 right, justice and democracy. The Sen- 
 
 22 
 
ate, on April 4, and the House of Rep- 
 resentatives, on April 5, passed the war 
 resolution : and on Friday, the 6th of 
 .\pril, the United States declared war 
 on Germany, 
 
 Cuba declared war on Germany on 
 April 7 : Brazil and other South Amer- 
 ican countries are breaking with the 
 Teutonic powers, and China is on the 
 verge of war with Germany. Austria 
 broke off diplomatic relations with us 
 on April 7. 
 
 We are only half prepared, as to an 
 Army and a Navy, to enter the con- 
 flict; but preparations are being ad- 
 vanced on an immense scale, and mean- 
 while the very name of our support is 
 putting life into the Allies and men- 
 acing the cause of Germany — especially 
 as Austria, Bulgaria and Turkey are 
 beginning to show signs of war weari- 
 ness, and as Socialist pressure in Ger- 
 many itself is already threatening the 
 autocracy of the Imperial Government. 
 And as Congress is now passing a $7,- 
 000,000,000.00 war loan, $3,000,000,- 
 000.00 of which will go to the Allies, 
 our monetary assistance will play a 
 23 
 
great part in the earlier restoration of 
 peace, beside the munitions and food- 
 stuffs which we shall continue to send 
 over. Coast defense and military con- 
 trol of alien uprising here at home we 
 shall be obliged to keep up from the 
 very start, beside a strong defensive 
 against Mexico; and a large army of 
 tillers of the soil must be organized and 
 maintained in order to increase our al- 
 ready short food supply and to feed our- 
 selves and our Allies. The country is 
 at w^ar in every sense of the word, 
 whether an American regiment ever 
 sets foot on foreign territory or not. 
 
 The story of our belated entrance and 
 the political, military, naval and eco- 
 nomic outlook for America are long 
 and complicated ; but I have condensed 
 them into a few words for two reasons. 
 Those who have neglected European 
 history have at least kept abreast of 
 developments in our own country dur- 
 ing the last two months, in all probabil- 
 ity; and as I write, events are chang- 
 ing so rapidly around us that to keep 
 this little pamphlet from the press from 
 day to day, in order to add to the story, 
 
 24 
 
would mean an endless delay. From 
 this point on, anyone who has read 
 what I have written may easily pick up 
 the threads, even if he must go back a 
 week or more from the date of publi- 
 cation. He must remember, too, that 
 I have not meant to write an offensive- 
 ly partisan account of the story of the 
 war, nor, in this latter part of it, a pat- 
 riotic appeal ; that is not needed. This 
 is intended only as salient information. 
 The most beautiful factor of the 
 War — of all wars — ^I have left till the 
 last: the Red Cross. Where warfare 
 destroys, the Red Cross saves, builds, 
 uplifts. It is kept up by all civilized 
 nations in order to make war less hide- 
 ous and to rescue the brave and the in- 
 nocent from the jaws of death and 
 from suffering; it is love following in 
 the wake of hatred. Like our Army 
 and Navy, this Deparment of Mercy in 
 our country has been sadly deficient in 
 size, though not in proportionate effici- 
 ency; now^ it is being enlarged, 
 strengthened, recruited for, until soon 
 we shall support one of the greatest or- 
 ganizations in the world. There is too 
 
 25 
 
much charity in America for the Red 
 Cross to fail. 
 
 The Day has come none too soon. 
 This is not only a war of self-defense 
 for ns : whatever our fortunes, it will 
 go down to history as a war for the 
 establishment of Righteousness through- 
 out the world. 
 
 April i6, 1917. 
 
 26 
 
TTRRftRY OF CONGRESS 
 
 HH.